diff options
author | Li-Wen Hsu <lwhsu@FreeBSD.org> | 2014-05-29 16:48:07 +0000 |
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committer | Li-Wen Hsu <lwhsu@FreeBSD.org> | 2014-05-29 16:48:07 +0000 |
commit | 163ba6b752e2d1b900f88ba29324ed5998b14551 (patch) | |
tree | 3010592efec60252103b5e76eab918b0491bb533 | |
parent | 536050cea8f16998f8fbddf6b4aff8469e149ec0 (diff) | |
download | doc-163ba6b752e2d1b900f88ba29324ed5998b14551.tar.gz doc-163ba6b752e2d1b900f88ba29324ed5998b14551.zip |
Convert zh_TW from Big5 to UTF-8.
Approved by: bcr
Notes
Notes:
svn path=/head/; revision=44974
-rw-r--r-- | Makefile | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml | 4 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/structure/chapter.xml | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/Makefile | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/articles/Makefile.inc | 5 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/articles/contributing/article.xml | 465 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/articles/cvs-freebsd/article.xml | 570 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/articles/mailing-list-faq/article.xml | 416 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/articles/nanobsd/article.xml | 434 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/articles/remote-install/article.xml | 475 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/books/Makefile.inc | 5 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/books/faq/book.xml | 11876 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/books/fdp-primer/overview/chapter.xml | 241 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/books/fdp-primer/tools/chapter.xml | 235 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/books/fdp-primer/translations/chapter.xml | 383 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/books/fdp-primer/writing-style/chapter.xml | 440 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml | 2366 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/desktop/chapter.xml | 1037 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/geom/chapter.xml | 356 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/introduction/chapter.xml | 842 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/jails/chapter.xml | 793 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml | 1300 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/about.xml | 99 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/applications.xml | 129 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/docs/webresources.xml | 111 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/send-pr.xml | 162 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/support.xml | 40 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/authors.ent | 94 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/header.l10n.ent | 41 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/navibar.l10n.ent | 167 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/news.xml | 2579 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/Makefile.inc (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/Makefile.inc) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/articles/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/Makefile.inc | 5 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/contributing/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/articles/contributing/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/contributing/article.xml | 465 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/cvs-freebsd/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/articles/cvs-freebsd/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/cvs-freebsd/article.xml | 570 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/freebsd-questions/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/articles/freebsd-questions/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/freebsd-questions/article.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/articles/freebsd-questions/article.xml) | 12 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/hubs/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/articles/hubs/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/hubs/article.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/articles/hubs/article.xml) | 48 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/mailing-list-faq/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/articles/mailing-list-faq/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/mailing-list-faq/article.xml | 416 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/nanobsd/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/articles/nanobsd/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/nanobsd/article.xml | 434 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/pr-guidelines/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/articles/pr-guidelines/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/pr-guidelines/article.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/articles/pr-guidelines/article.xml) | 110 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/problem-reports/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/articles/problem-reports/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/problem-reports/article.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/articles/problem-reports/article.xml) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/remote-install/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/articles/remote-install/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/remote-install/article.xml | 475 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/Makefile.inc | 5 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/developers-handbook/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/developers-handbook/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/developers-handbook/book.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/developers-handbook/book.xml) | 28 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/developers-handbook/chapters.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/developers-handbook/chapters.ent) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/developers-handbook/introduction/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/developers-handbook/introduction/chapter.xml) | 60 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/developers-handbook/ipv6/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/developers-handbook/ipv6/chapter.xml) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/developers-handbook/kerneldebug/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/developers-handbook/kerneldebug/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/developers-handbook/kerneldebug/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/developers-handbook/kerneldebug/chapter.xml) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/developers-handbook/l10n/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/developers-handbook/l10n/chapter.xml) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/developers-handbook/policies/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/developers-handbook/policies/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/developers-handbook/policies/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/developers-handbook/policies/chapter.xml) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/developers-handbook/secure/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/developers-handbook/secure/chapter.xml) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/developers-handbook/sockets/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/developers-handbook/sockets/chapter.xml) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/developers-handbook/testing/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/developers-handbook/testing/chapter.xml) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/developers-handbook/tools/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/developers-handbook/tools/chapter.xml) | 610 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/developers-handbook/x86/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/developers-handbook/x86/chapter.xml) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/faq/Makefile) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/book.xml | 11876 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/fdp-primer/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/book.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/fdp-primer/book.xml) | 94 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/chapters.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/fdp-primer/chapters.ent) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/doc-build/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/fdp-primer/doc-build/chapter.xml) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/examples/appendix.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/fdp-primer/examples/appendix.xml) | 86 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/overview/chapter.xml | 241 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/psgml-mode/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/fdp-primer/psgml-mode/chapter.xml) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/see-also/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/fdp-primer/see-also/chapter.xml) | 4 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/sgml-markup/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/fdp-primer/sgml-markup/chapter.xml) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/sgml-primer/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/fdp-primer/sgml-primer/chapter.xml) | 26 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/structure/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/fdp-primer/structure/chapter.xml) | 4 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/stylesheets/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/fdp-primer/stylesheets/chapter.xml) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/the-website/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/fdp-primer/the-website/chapter.xml) | 114 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/tools/chapter.xml | 235 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/translations/chapter.xml | 383 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/writing-style/chapter.xml | 440 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/advanced-networking/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/advanced-networking/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml) | 74 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/audit/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/audit/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/audit/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/audit/chapter.xml) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/basics/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/basics/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/basics/chapter.xml | 2366 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/basics/example-dir1.dot (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/basics/example-dir1.dot) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/basics/example-dir2.dot (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/basics/example-dir2.dot) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/basics/example-dir3.dot (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/basics/example-dir3.dot) | 0 | ||||
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-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/basics/example-dir5.dot (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/basics/example-dir5.dot) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/bibliography/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/bibliography/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
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-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/boot/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/boot/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
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-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/colophon.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/colophon.xml) | 2 | ||||
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-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/cutting-edge/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/cutting-edge/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
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-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/printing/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/printing/chapter.xml) | 266 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/security/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/security/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml) | 180 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/serialcomms/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/serialcomms/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/serialcomms/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/serialcomms/chapter.xml) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/txtfiles.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/txtfiles.ent) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/users/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/users/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/users/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/users/chapter.xml) | 344 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/vinum/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/vinum/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/vinum/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/vinum/chapter.xml) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/virtualization/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/virtualization/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/virtualization/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/virtualization/chapter.xml) | 460 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/x11/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/x11/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/x11/chapter.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/x11/chapter.xml) | 462 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/porters-handbook/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/porters-handbook/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/porters-handbook/book.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/books/porters-handbook/book.xml) | 1062 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/Makefile) | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/Makefile.inc (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/Makefile.inc) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/about.xml | 99 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/applications.xml | 129 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/art.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/art.xml) | 62 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/availability.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/availability.xml) | 15 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/community.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/community.xml) | 14 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/developers.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/developers.xml) | 38 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/doc/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/doc/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/docs.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/docs.xml) | 10 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/docs/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/docs/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/docs/books.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/docs/books.xml) | 228 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/docs/webresources.xml | 111 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/index.xsl (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/index.xsl) | 82 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/Makefile.inc (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/Makefile.inc) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/css/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/css/Makefile) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/css/fixed.css (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/css/fixed.css) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/css/fixed_large.css (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/css/fixed_large.css) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/css/global.css (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/css/global.css) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/css/layout.css (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/css/layout.css) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/css/navigation.css (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/css/navigation.css) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/css/text.css (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/css/text.css) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/logo.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/logo.xml) | 60 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/send-pr.xml | 162 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/support.xml | 40 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/where.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/where.xml) | 208 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/authors.ent | 94 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/catalog.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/catalog.xml) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/entities.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/entities.ent) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/freebsd-dblatex.xsl (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/freebsd-dblatex.xsl) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/freebsd-fo.xsl (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/freebsd-fo.xsl) | 12 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/freebsd-xhtml.xsl (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/freebsd-xhtml.xsl) | 16 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/glossary.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/glossary.ent) | 46 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/header.l10n.ent | 41 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/l10n.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/l10n.ent) | 18 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/libcommon.xsl (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/libcommon.xsl) | 68 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/mailing-lists.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/mailing-lists.ent) | 198 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/navibar.l10n.ent | 167 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/news.xml | 2579 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/press.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/press.xml) | 308 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/release.l10n.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/release.l10n.ent) | 62 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/trademarks.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/trademarks.ent) | 174 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/urls.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/urls.ent) | 4 |
215 files changed, 31674 insertions, 31673 deletions
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ SUBDIR+= ru_RU.KOI8-R SUBDIR+= sr_YU.ISO8859-2 SUBDIR+= tr_TR.ISO8859-9 SUBDIR+= zh_CN.UTF-8 -SUBDIR+= zh_TW.Big5 +SUBDIR+= zh_TW.UTF-8 .endif SUBDIR+= share diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml index b1a481b5b6..fb553bc60d 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml @@ -792,9 +792,9 @@ </row> <row> - <entry><literal>zh_TW.Big5</literal></entry> + <entry><literal>zh_TW.UTF-8</literal></entry> - <entry>Traditional Chinese (Taiwan, Big5 + <entry>Traditional Chinese (Taiwan, UTF-8 encoding)</entry> </row> </tbody> diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/structure/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/structure/chapter.xml index ee20be4d81..9d0635be5d 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/structure/chapter.xml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/structure/chapter.xml @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ <entry>One directory exists for each available translation and encoding of the documentation, for example <filename>en_US.ISO8859-1/</filename> - and <filename>zh_TW.Big5/</filename>. + and <filename>zh_TW.UTF-8/</filename>. The names are long, but by fully specifying the language and encoding we prevent any future headaches when a translation team wants to provide documentation in the diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/Makefile b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/Makefile index 85ec9a80b7..3f4bed8bbb 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/Makefile +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/Makefile @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ WEB_LANG= da_DK.ISO8859-1 \ pt_BR.ISO8859-1 \ ru_RU.KOI8-R \ zh_CN.UTF-8 \ - zh_TW.Big5 + zh_TW.UTF-8 .endif .if !defined(ENGLISH_ONLY) || empty(ENGLISH_ONLY) .for _D in ${WEB_LANG} diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/Makefile.inc b/zh_TW.Big5/articles/Makefile.inc deleted file mode 100644 index 748b0b8f6c..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/Makefile.inc +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -# -# $FreeBSD$ -# - -DESTDIR?= ${DOCDIR}/zh_TW.Big5/articles/${.CURDIR:T} diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/contributing/article.xml b/zh_TW.Big5/articles/contributing/article.xml deleted file mode 100644 index b5ff35f1e8..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/contributing/article.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,465 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="big5"?> -<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN" - "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/share/xml/freebsd50.dtd"> -<!-- - The FreeBSD Documentation Project - The FreeBSD Chinese (Traditional) Documentation Project - - Original Revision: 1.506 - Chased Revision: 1.508 ---> -<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="zh_tw"> - <info><title>À°§U FreeBSD</title> - - - <abstract> - <para>µL½×¬OÓ¤H©Î¬O¦UºØ²Õ´¡A¦pªG§Æ±æ¬° FreeBSD ´£¨ÑÀ°§U¡A³£¥i¥H¦b¥»¤å¤¤§ä¨ì¦X¾Aªº¤èªk¡C</para> - </abstract> - - <authorgroup> - <author><personname><firstname>Jordan</firstname><surname>Hubbard</surname></personname><contrib>ìµÛ¡G </contrib></author> - </authorgroup> - - <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks"> - &tm-attrib.freebsd; 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Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright - notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as - the first lines of this file unmodified. -2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright - notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the - documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. - -THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY %%your_name_here%% ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR -IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES -OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. -IN NO EVENT SHALL %%your_name_here%% BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, -INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT -NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, -DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY -THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT -(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF -THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. - - $Id$</programlisting> - - <para>¬°¤F¤è«K±zªº¨Ï¥Î¡A¦b - <filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/bsd-style-copyright</filename> - 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- <para>Ãö©ó FreeBSD °òª÷·|ªº§ó¦h¸Ô±¡¡A¥i¥H¦b <link xlink:href="http://people.FreeBSD.org/~jdp/foundation/announcement.html">FreeBSD - °òª÷·| -- ¤¶²Ð</link> §ä¨ì¡CnÁpµ¸°òª÷·|¡A - ½Ðµo°e¹q¤l¶l¥ó¨ì - <email>bod@FreeBSDFoundation.org</email>¡C</para> - </sect3> - - <sect3> - <title>®½ÃصwÅé</title> - <indexterm><primary>®½ÃØ</primary></indexterm> - - <para>FreeBSD p¹ºÅwªï¥ô¦ó¤H®½ÃØ¥i¥H¨Ï¥ÎªºµwÅé¡C - ¦pªG±z¦³¿³½ì®½ÃصwÅé¡A½ÐÁpô <link xlink:href="&url.base;/donations/">®½ÃØÁpµ¸¤H¿ì¤½«Ç</link>¡C</para> - </sect3> - - <sect3> - <title>¦¨¬° FreeBSD mirror ªººô¯¸</title> - - <para>§ÚÌÅwªï·sªº FTP¡BWWW ©Î - <command>cvsup</command> mirror ¯¸¡C¦pªG±z§Æ±æ¦¨¬°³o¼Ëªº mirror ¯¸¡A - ½Ð°Ñ¾\ <link xlink:href="&url.articles.hubs;/index.html">¦p¦ó¬[³] FreeBSD mirror</link> - ¤@¤å¡A¥H¤F¸Ñ¶i¤@¨Bªº±¡ªp¡C</para> - </sect3> - </sect2> - </sect1> - - <index/> -</article> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/cvs-freebsd/article.xml b/zh_TW.Big5/articles/cvs-freebsd/article.xml deleted file mode 100644 index e11bef3a62..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/cvs-freebsd/article.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,570 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="big5"?> -<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN" - "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/share/xml/freebsd50.dtd"> -<!-- $FreeBSD$ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> -<!-- Setting up a CVS repository - the FreeBSD way --> -<!-- Translate into Chinese by jose@jose.idv.tw --> -<!-- English Version: 1.15 --> -<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="zh_tw"> - <info><title>«Ø¥ß CVS Àx¦s®w(repository) - ¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD ªº¤è¦¡</title> - - - <author><personname><firstname>Stijn</firstname><surname>Hoop</surname></personname><affiliation> - <address><email>stijn@win.tue.nl</email></address> - </affiliation></author> - - <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate> - - <copyright> - <year>2001</year> - <year>2002</year> - <year>2003</year> - <holder role="mailto:stijn@win.tue.nl">Stijn Hoop</holder> - </copyright> - - <releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo> - - <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks"> - &tm-attrib.freebsd; - &tm-attrib.general; - </legalnotice> - - <abstract> - <para>³o¥÷¤å¥ó´yz¤F¨Ï¥Î©M FreeBSD ±M®×¬Û¦Pªº©R¥O½Z¨Ó«Ø¥ß CVS Àx¦s®wªº¨BÆJ - 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- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>dmesg > /tmp/dmesg.out</userinput></screen> - - <para>³o¼Ë¤l·|§â°T®§°e¨ì <filename>/tmp/dmesg.out</filename> Àɤº¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¦b¥Î·Æ¹«°Å¶K®É¡A½Ðª`·N¬O§_¦³¥Ç¤@¨Ç²Ó¸`ªº°Å¶KÃa²ßºD¡C - ¤×¨ä¬O¹³¶K <filename>Makefiles</filename> ¤§ÃþÀɮ׮ɡA¥Ñ©ó <literal>tab</literal> - Áä©Ò¥´¥X¨Óªº¤À®æ¡A¬OÄÝ©ó¯S®í¦r¤¸¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦b <link xlink:href="&url.base;/support.html#gnats"> - GNATS PR ¸ê®Æ®w</link> ¤W«Ü±`¬Ý¨ì³oÃþ«Ü±`¨£ªº´o¤H°ÝÃD¡G - <filename>Makefiles</filename> ¤ºªº tab ¸g¹L°Å¶K«á¡AÅܦ¨¡yªÅ¥Õ(white space)¡z - ©Î¬O§xÂZªº <literal>=3B</literal> escape sequence¡A³o¨Ç·|Åý committers ̤Q¤À¤£²n¡C</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question xml:id="etiquette-replying"> - <para>¦b mailing lists ¤W¦^¤åªº¸Ü¡A¦³¤°»òn¯S§Oª`·Nªº¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>½Ð¾A·í½Õ¾ã¤å³¹¤Þ¨¥ªø«×¡C¦^¤å®É¡A¤Þ¨¥³¡¥÷½Ð¤Þ¡y¦³½Í¨ìªº¡z³¡¤À¬°¥D¡A¦ý½Ð¤£n¹L»P¤£¤Î¡C - À³¸Ó«O¯d¯A¤Î°Q½×½d³òªºì¤å¡A³o¼Ë¤l¤~¯àÅý¨S¬Ý¹L«e±¤å³¹ªº¤Hª¾¹D¬O¦bÁ¿¤°»ò¡A¦Ó«D¤@ÀYÃú¤ô¡C</para> - - <para>ÁÙ¦³¤@ÂI¤]«Ü«n¡Aì¤åY¬O´T«×¬Û·íªøªº¸Ü¡A°O±oµù©ú "yes, I see this too"¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>µ½¥Î§Þ¥©¨Ó½T»{ì¤å»P¦Û¤v¼gªº³¡¥÷¡G - ³q±`·|¦bì¤åªº¨C¦æ«e±¥[¤W <quote><literal>> </literal></quote> ¥H§@°O¸¹¡C - ½Ð°O±o«O¯d <quote><literal>> </literal></quote> ²Å¸¹«á±ªºªÅ¥Õ¡A¨Ã¥B¦bì¤å¥H¤Î§A©Ò¼gªº¬q¸¨¤§¶¡¥[¤WªÅ¦æ¡A - ¥H«K¾\Ū¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>½Ð¤£nÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡B¬ïÆwªþ·|¡G³q±`¹ïì©l¤å³¹¡yÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡z¡B¡y¬ïÆwªþ·|¡z·|Åý¤j®a«Ü¤£²n¡A¦]¬°¥LÌì·N¨Ã«D¦p¦¹¡A«o³Q¦±¸Ñ¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¦^¤å®É¡A¤£n¼g¦bì¤å¤W±(<literal>top post</literal>)¡C - ³oÓ·N«ä¬O¡GYn¦^¤å®É¡A½Ð¼g¦bì¤å¤U¤è¡A¤£n¼g¦bì¤å¤W±¡A¥H§KÅý¤H¦³®ÉªÅ¿ù¸mªº¿ù¶Ã²V²c¡C</para> - <!-- ª`·N¡G¤U±³o¬O¬G·N«ÕÀq®ÄªGªº°Ýµª --> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>µª¡G Because it reverses the logical flow of - conversation.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>°Ý¡G Why is top posting frowned upon?</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - <para>(·PÁ Randy Bush ´£¨Ñ¯º¸Ü)</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - </qandaset> - </sect1> - - <sect1 xml:id="recurring"> - <title>Mailing Lists ¤Wªº«½Æ©Ê°ÝÃD</title> - - <para>¦b mailing lists ¤W°Ñ»P°Q½×¡A´N¹³¦b¨ä¥LªÀ¸s¤@¼Ë¡A§Ú̳£»Ýn¤@¨Ç·¾³q¤Wªº¦@ÃÑ¡C - ³\¦h mailing lists ³£·|°²³]°Ñ»P°Q½×ªÌ³£¤jPª¾¹D FreeBSD p¹ºªº¤@¨Ç¾ú¥v²W·½¡C - ¤×¨ä¬OªÀ¸sªº·s¤âÁ`¬O©w´Á·|¤£Â_«½Æ°ÝÃþ¦ü°ÝÃD¡C - ¨CÓµo¤åªº¤H¡A³£¦³³d¥ô¨ÓÁ×§K±¼¤J³o¼Ëªº´c©Ê´`Àô½ü°j¤º¡C - ¦]¦¹¡AÀ³¾¨¥i¯àÅý mailing list ¤W¯à¥¿±`°Q½×¡A¦ÓÁ×§KÅý¦Û¤v³´¤Jµ§¾Ôªdªh¡C</para> - - <para>n«ç»òÁ×§K©O¡H³Ì¦nªº¤èªk´N¬Oµ½¥Î³o¨Ç <link xlink:href="http://docs.FreeBSD.org/mail/"> - mailing list «H¸ê®Æ®w(archives)</link>¡A¨ÓÁA¸Ñ¬ÛÃöI´º¡C - ¥¿¥Ñ©ó³oì¦]¡A©Ò¥H <link xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/search.html#mailinglists"> - mailing list ·j´M¤¶±</link> ´NÅã±o«D±`¦n¥Î¡C - (Y³o¤èªk¤´µLªk§ä¨ì¦³¥Îªºµª®×¡A¨º»ò½Ð§ï¥Î¦Û¤v·R¥Îªº·j´M¤ÞÀº§a)</para> - - <para>³z¹L³o¨Ç«H¸ê®Æ®w¡A¤£¥u¥iÁA¸Ñ¥ý«e°Q½×¹Lþ¨Ç¸ÜÃD¡A¤]¥i¥Hª¾¹D¡G¬O«ç»ò°Q½×ªº¡B - þ¨Ç¤H°Ñ»P°Q½×¹L¡B¥Dn¬Ýªº¤H¤S¬Oþ¨Ç¤H¡C - ¤J¹ÒÀH«U³o¨Çì«h¤£¥u¬O &os; mailing list ¤W¤~³o¼Ë¡A¤@¼Ë¥i¥H¾A¦X¨ä¥L¦a¤è¡C</para> - - <para>archives ªº¤º®eµLºÃ¦a¬Û·í¼sªx¡A¦Ó¥B·|¦³¨Ç°ÝÃD¤£Â_¤ÏÂÐ¥X²{¡A - ¦³®É°Q½×¨ì«á±Á`·|Â÷ÃD¡CµL½×¦p¦ó¡A¦bµo°Ý«eªº¸q°È´N¬O¥ý°µ¦n¥\½Ò¡A - ¥HÁ×§K³oÃþªº¤ë¸g¤å´c©Ê´`Àô¡A¤×¨ä¬O¥O¤H¤Ï·Pªº <literal>bikeshed¡]¥´¼L¯¥)</literal>¡C</para> - </sect1> - - <sect1 xml:id="bikeshed"> - <title>¤°»ò¬O "Bikeshed" §r¡H</title> - <para>³æ´N¦r±¤W·N«ä¸ÑÄÀªº¸Ü¡A<literal>bikeshed</literal> ¬O«ü±Mªùµ¹¸}½ñ¨®¡B¾÷¨®¤§Ãþªº¨â½ü¥æ³q¤u¨ã¨Ï¥Îªº¾B«B´×¡A - µM¦Ó©O¡A¦b &os; ³oÃ䪺»¡ªk«o¦³¨ä¥L·N«ä(±a¦³¶S§í)«üªº¬O¡G - ¬Y¨Ç¯S©w¸ÜÃDªº«½Æ°Q½×¡A¤×¨ä¬O«ü¦b &os; ªÀ¸s¤ºµ´¤£·|¦³¦@ÃÑ¡A¥B¦³ª§Ä³ªº¸ÜÃD¡C - (³o¦r·Jªº°_·½¦b <link xlink:href="&url.books.faq;/misc.html#BIKESHED-PAINTING"> - ³o¥÷¤å¥ó</link> ¤º¦³§ó¦h»¡©ú)¡C§A¥un¦bµo«H¨ì¥ô¤@ &os; mailing lists ¤§«e¡Aª¾¹D³oÓ°ò¥»·§©À´N¦æ¤F¡C</para> - - <para>¤@¯ë¨ÓÁ¿¡A¡ybikeshed¡z¬O«Ü®e©ö²£¥Í³\¦hªiªºµ§¾Ô»PÃB¥~°Q½×ªºª§Ä³¸ÜÃD¡A¦pªG¨Æ¥ý¤£ª¾¹D³o¨ÇI´ºªº¸Ü¡C</para> - - <para>«ô°U¡A½ÐÀ°Ó¦£Åý°Q½×¦^Âk¥¿±`¡A¦Ó¤£n¥u¬O¨ì³B¥´¼L¯¥¦Ó¤w¡C·P®¦¡I</para> - </sect1> - - <sect1 xml:id="acknowledgments"> - <title>PÁÂ</title> - - <variablelist> - <varlistentry> - <term>&a.grog;</term> - <listitem> - <para><link xlink:href="&url.articles.freebsd-questions;/article.html"> - How to get best results from the FreeBSD-questions mailing list</link> ¤@¤åªºì§@ªÌ¡A - §Ú̱q¥L³o¤å¤ºÀò±o³\¦h mailing list ¤WªºÂ§»ö(©ÎÀq«´)¼g§@ÃD§÷¡C</para> - </listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term>&a.linimon;</term> - <listitem> - <para>¥» FAQ Âú§Îªºì§@</para> - </listitem> - </varlistentry> - </variablelist> - </sect1> - -</article> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/nanobsd/article.xml b/zh_TW.Big5/articles/nanobsd/article.xml deleted file mode 100644 index dc4af81e83..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/nanobsd/article.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,434 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="big5"?> -<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN" - "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/share/xml/freebsd50.dtd"> -<!-- - The FreeBSD Documentation Project - The FreeBSD Chinese (Traditional) Documentation Project - - Original Revision: 1.1 ---> -<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="zh_tw"> - <info><title>NanoBSD ²¤¶</title> - - - <authorgroup> - <author><personname><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Gerzo</surname></personname></author> - </authorgroup> - - <copyright> - <year>2006</year> - <holder>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</holder> - </copyright> - - <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate> - - <releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo> - - <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks"> - &tm-attrib.freebsd; - &tm-attrib.general; - </legalnotice> - - <abstract> - <para>³o½g¤å¥ó´£¨Ñ¤FÃö©ó <application>NanoBSD</application> ¤u¨ãªº±¡³ø¤¶²Ð¡A - ³o¤u¨ã¥i¥Î¨Ó«Ø¥ß¥Î©ó´O¤J¦¡Àô¹ÒÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº &os; ¨t²Î¬M¹³ÀÉ¡A - ¥H«K¦s©ñ¨ì Compact Flash ¥d(©ÎÀH¨ºÐ)¡C</para> - </abstract> - </info> - - <sect1 xml:id="intro"> - <title>NanoBSD ²¤¶</title> - - <indexterm><primary>NanoBSD</primary></indexterm> - - <para><application>NanoBSD</application> ¬O &a.phk; ¥Ø«e¥¿¦b¶}µoªº¤@¶µ¤u¨ã¡C - ¥¦¥i¥Î¨Ó«Ø¥ß¥Î©ó´O¤J¦¡Àô¹ÒÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº &os; ¨t²Î¬M¹³ÀÉ¡A - ¥H«K¦s©ñ¨ì Compact Flash ¥d(©ÎÀH¨ºÐ¡Amass storage medium)¡C</para> - - <para>³o¤@¤u¨ã¤]¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¦Û»s¦w¸Ë¬M¹³ÀÉ¡A - ¥H²¤Æ«UºÙ¬° <quote>´O¤J¦¡¨t²Î(computer appliances)</quote> ªº¨t²Î¦w¸Ë¡BºûÅ@¤u§@¡C - ³q±`¡A¨CÓ´O¤J¦¡¨t²Î²£«~³£¦³©wµwÅé©M³nÅé¡A - ©ÎªÌ´«¨¥¤§¡A©Ò¦³ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡³£¬O¹w¥ý¸Ë¦nªº¡C - ³o¨Ç³]³Æ¥i¥Hª½±µ©ñ¨ì²{¦³ªººô¸ô¤¤¡A¦Ó¥B(´X¥G¬O)¥ß§Y¨Ï¥Î¡C</para> - - <para><application>NanoBSD</application> ´£¨Ñªº¥\¯à¥]¬A¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>¥i¥H©M &os; ¤@¼Ë¨Ï¥Î Ports ©M Packages — - ©Ò¦³ªºÀ³¥Îµ{§Ç³£¥i¥H¦b <application>NanoBSD</application> ¤¤ª½±µ¨Ï¥Î¡A - ¦Ó¤è¦¡»P &os; §¹¥þ¤@¼Ë¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¥\¯àµ·²@¥¼·l — ¦b &os; °µªº¥ô¦ó¤u§@¡A³£¥i¥H¦b - <application>NanoBSD</application> ¤¤¨Ï¥Î¡A - °£«D±z¦b«Ø¥ß <application>NanoBSD</application> ¬M¹³ÀɮɡA - ¦³«ü©wn®³±¼¥¦Ì¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>©Ò¦³ªF¦è¦b¹B¦æ®É³£¬O°ßŪªº — ¥i¥H¦w¥þ¦a©Þ±¼¹q·½´¡ÀY¡C - ¨t²Î¤£¥¿±`Ãö¾÷ªº¸Ü¡A¤£¥Î¦A¶] &man.fsck.8; ¤F¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¥i»´ÃP½sĶ¡B¦Û¦æ¥´³y — ¥u»Ý¨Ï¥Î¤@Ó shell script ©M¤@Ó³]©wÀÉ¡A - ±z¥i¥H»´ÃP¨Ì»Ý¨D¨Ó¶q¨q°µ¾A¥Îªº¬M¹³ÀÉ¡C</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </sect1> - - <sect1 xml:id="howto"> - <title>¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î NanoBSD</title> - - <sect2 xml:id="design"> - <title>NanoBSD ªº³]p</title> - - <para>¤@¥¹±N¬M¹³Àɦs¤J´O¤J¦¡µwÅé¡A´N¥i¥H¥Î¥¦¨Ó¤Þ¾É <application>NanoBSD</application> - ¤F¡C ¹w³]±¡ªp¤U¡AÀH¨ºÐ·|¹º¤À¬°¤T³¡¤À¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>¨âÓ¬M¹³ÀɤÀ³Î°Ï¡G <literal>code#1</literal> - ©M <literal>code#2</literal>¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¤@Ó³]©wÀɤÀ³Î°Ï¡A¦b¹B¦æÀô¹Ò¤¤¡A - ¥i¥H±N¨ä±¾¸ü(mount)¨ì <filename>/cfg</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡C</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - - <para>³o¨Ç¤À³Î°Ï¡A¦b¹w³]±¡ªp¤U¬O¥H°ßŪ¤è¦¡±¾¸ü¡C</para> - - <para><filename>/etc</filename> ©M - <filename>/var</filename> ¥Ø¿ý§¡¬° - &man.md.4;(malloc)ºÏºÐ¡C</para> - - <para>³]©wÀɪº¤À³Î°Ï«h¬O¦b - <filename>/cfg</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¡C - ¥¦¥]§t¤F¥Î©ó <filename>/etc</filename> - ¥Ø¿ýªºÀɮסA¦b±Ò°Ê¤§«á¼È®É¥H°ßŪ¤è¦¡±¾¸ü¡C ¦]¦¹¡AY·Qn«¶}¾÷«O¯d·sªº³]©w¡A - ¨º»òn°O±o±q <filename>/etc</filename> §â§ï¹LªºÀɮ׽ƻs¦^ - <filename>/cfg</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤~¦æ¡C</para> - - <example> - <title>§â×§ï¹L <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> ³]©w«O¦s°_¨Ó</title> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>vi /etc/resolv.conf</userinput> -[...] -&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /cfg</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>cp /etc/resolv.conf /cfg</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>umount /cfg</userinput></screen> - </example> - - <note> - <para>¥u¦³¦b¨t²Î±Ò°Ê¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¥H¤Î»Ýn×§ï³]©wÀɪº®ÉÔ¡A¤~»Ýn±¾¸ü§t¦³ - <filename>/cfg</filename> ªº¨ºÓ¤À³Î°Ï¡C</para> - - <para>¤@ª½³£±¾¸ü <filename>/cfg</filename> - ¤£¬O¤@Ó¦n¥D·N¡A¯S§O¬O·í±z§â <application>NanoBSD</application> - ©ñ¦b¤£¾A¦X¶i¦æ¤j¶q¼g¤J°Ê§@ªº¤À³Î°Ï®É - (¤ñ¦p¡G¥Ñ©óÀɮרt²Îªº¦P¨B¤Æ·|©w´Á¦b¨t²ÎºÐ¤º¼g¤J¸ê®Æ)¡C</para> - </note> - </sect2> - - <sect2> - <title>¥´³y NanoBSD ¬M¹³ÀÉ</title> - - <para><application>NanoBSD</application> ¬M¹³ÀɬO³z¹L¨Ï¥Î«D±`²³æªº - <filename>nanobsd.sh</filename> shell script ¨Ó¥´³yªº¡A³oÓ script ¥i¥H¦b - <filename>/usr/src/tools/tools/nanobsd</filename> - ¥Ø¿ý¤¤§ä¨ì¡C ³oÓ script «Ø¥ßªº¬M¹³ÀÉ¡A¥i¥H¥Î &man.dd.1; ¤u¨ã¨Ó½Æ»s¨ìÀH¨ºÐ¤W¡C</para> - - <para>¥´³y - <application>NanoBSD</application> ¬M¹³Àɩһݪº«ü¥O¬O¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/tools/tools/nanobsd</userinput> <co xml:id="nbsd-cd"/> -&prompt.root; <userinput>sh nanobsd.sh</userinput> <co xml:id="nbsd-sh"/> -&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/obj/nanobsd.full</userinput> <co xml:id="nbsd-cd2"/> -&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=_.disk.full of=/dev/da0 bs=64k</userinput> <co xml:id="nbsd-dd"/></screen> - - <calloutlist> - <callout arearefs="nbsd-cd"> - <para>¶i¤J <application>NanoBSD</application> ¥´³y script ªº¥D¥Ø¿ý¡C</para> - </callout> - - <callout arearefs="nbsd-sh"> - <para>¶}©l¥´³y¹Lµ{¡C</para> - </callout> - - <callout arearefs="nbsd-cd2"> - <para>¶i¤J¥´³y¦nªº¬M¹³ÀɩҦbªº¥Ø¿ý¡C</para> - </callout> - - <callout arearefs="nbsd-dd"> - <para>¦bÀH¨ºÐ¤W¦w¸Ë <application>NanoBSD</application>¡C</para> - </callout> - </calloutlist> - </sect2> - - <sect2> - <title>¦Û¦æ¥´³y NanoBSD ¬M¹³ÀÉ</title> - - <para>³o¥i¯à¬O <application>NanoBSD</application> ³Ì¬°«n¡A - ¦P®É¤]¬O±z³Ì·P¿³½ìªº¥\¯à¡C ¦P®É¡A¦b¶}µo - <application>NanoBSD</application> À³¥Îµ{¦¡®É¡A³o¤]¬O¬Û·í¯Ó®Éªº¹Lµ{¡C</para> - - <para>°õ¦æ¤U±ªº«ü¥O±N·| - <filename>nanobsd.sh</filename> Ū¨ú¥Ø«e©Ò¦b¥Ø¿ýªº - <filename>myconf.nano</filename> Àɪº³]©w¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sh nanobsd.sh -c myconf.nano</userinput></screen> - - <para>¦Û¦æ¥´³yªº¬yµ{¡A¥u»Ý¨âÓ¨BÆJ¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>¦Ûq¿ï¶µ</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¦Ûq¥\¯à</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - - <sect3> - <title>¦Ûq¿ï¶µ</title> - - <para>³z¹L×§ï³]©w¡A¥i¥H³]©w¥Î©ó - <application>NanoBSD</application> ¥´³y¹Lµ{¤¤ <literal>buildworld</literal> - ©M <literal>installworld</literal> ¶¥¬qªº½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë¿ï¶µ¡A¥H¤Î - <application>NanoBSD</application> ¥Dn¥´³y¹Lµ{¤¤ªº¿ï¶µ¡C - ³z¹L¨Ï¥Î³o¨Ç¿ï¶µ¥i¥H«d´î¨t²Îªº¤Ø¤o¡A¨Ï¤§¯à°÷©ñ¤J - 64 MB ªºÀH¨ºÐ¡C ±zÁÙ¥i¥H¶i¤@¨B³z¹L³o¨Ç¿ï¶µ¨Ó«d´î &os;¡A - ª½¨ì¥¦¥u¥]§t kernel ¥H¤Î¨â¤TÓ userland Àɮ׬°¤î¡C</para> - - <para>³]©wÀɮפ¤¥]§t¥Î¥H¥N´À¹w³]Ȫº³]©w¿ï¶µ¡C²¤¶³Ì«nªº´X¶µ³]©w¦p¤U¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para><literal>NANO_NAME</literal> — ¥»¦¸¥´³yªº¦WºÙ(©Ò«Ø¥ß¤u§@¥Ø¿ýªº¦WºÙ)¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><literal>NANO_SRC</literal> — ¥Î¥H½sĶ¡B¥´³y¬M¹³Àɪº source tree ªº¦ì¸m¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><literal>NANO_KERNEL</literal> — ³]©w¥Î¨Ó½sĶªº kernel ³]©wÀÉÀɦW¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><literal>CONF_BUILD</literal> — ¥Î©ó - <literal>buildworld</literal> ¥´³y¶¥¬qªº¿ï¶µ¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><literal>CONF_INSTALL</literal> — ¥Î©ó - <literal>installworld</literal> ¥´³y¶¥¬qªº¿ï¶µ¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><literal>CONF_WORLD</literal> — ¥Î©ó - <literal>buildworld</literal> ©M - <literal>installworld</literal> ³o¨âÓ¥´³y¶¥¬qªº¿ï¶µ¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><literal>FlashDevice</literal> — ©w¸q©Ò¥Îªº´O¤J¦¡µwÅéÃþ«¬¡C - ¸Ô±¡½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <filename>FlashDevice.sub</filename> ÀÉ¡C</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </sect3> - - <sect3> - <title>¦Ûq¥\¯à</title> - - <para>³z¹L¦b³]©wÀɮפ¤¨Ï¥Î shell ¨ç¼Æ¡A¥i¥H¶i¤@¨B·L½Õ - <application>NanoBSD</application>¡C Á|¨Ò»¡©ú¤@¤U¦Û¦æ¥´³y¨ç¼Æªº°ò¥»¤è¦¡¡G</para> - - <programlisting>cust_foo()( - echo "bar=topless" > \ - ${NANO_WORLDDIR}/etc/foo -) -customize_cmd cust_foo</programlisting> - - <para>¤U±Á|§ó¹ê»ÚÂIªº¨Ò¤l¡A¥¦·|§â¹w³]ªº - <filename>/etc</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤j¤p¡A±q 5MB ½Õ¾ã¬° 30MB¡G</para> - - <programlisting>cust_etc_size()( - cd ${NANO_WORLDDIR}/conf - echo 30000 > default/etc/md_size -) -customize_cmd cust_etc_size</programlisting> - - <para>°£¦¹¤§¥~¡AÁÙ¦³´XÓ¹w³]ªº¥\¯à©w¸q¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¦Ûq¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para><literal>cust_comconsole</literal> — ¦b¹w³] VGA Åã¥Ü¥d¤W°±¥Î &man.getty.8; - (<filename>/dev/ttyv*</filename>)¨Ã±Ò¥Î serial port ªº COM1 ¥H§@¬°¨t²Î console¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><literal>cust_allow_ssh_root</literal> — ¤¹³\ &man.sshd.8; - ¥i¥H¥Î <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> ±b¸¹µn¤J¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><literal>cust_install_files</literal> — - ±q <filename>nanobsd/Files</filename> - ¥Ø¿ý¤¤¦w¸ËÀɮסA³o¥]§t¤@¨Ç¹ê¥Îªº¨t²ÎºÞ²z script ¡C</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </sect3> - - <sect3> - <title>³]©wÀÉ®×Á|¨Ò</title> - - <para>¤U±¬O¥Î©ó¦Û¦æ¥´³yªº <application>NanoBSD</application> ¬M¹³Àɪº§¹¾ã¨Ò¤l¡G</para> - - <programlisting>NANO_NAME=custom -NANO_SRC=/usr/src -NANO_KERNEL=MYKERNEL -NANO_IMAGES=2 - -CONF_BUILD=' -NO_KLDLOAD=YES -NO_NETGRAPH=YES -NO_PAM=YES -' - -CONF_INSTALL=' -NO_ACPI=YES -NO_BLUETOOTH=YES -NO_CVS=YES -NO_FORTRAN=YES -NO_HTML=YES -NO_LPR=YES -NO_MAN=YES -NO_SENDMAIL=YES -NO_SHAREDOCS=YES -NO_EXAMPLES=YES -NO_INSTALLLIB=YES -NO_CALENDAR=YES -NO_MISC=YES -NO_SHARE=YES -' - -CONF_WORLD=' -NO_BIND=YES -NO_MODULES=YES -NO_KERBEROS=YES -NO_GAMES=YES -NO_RESCUE=YES -NO_LOCALES=YES -NO_SYSCONS=YES -NO_INFO=YES -' - -FlashDevice SanDisk 1G - -cust_nobeastie()( - touch ${NANO_WORLDDIR}/boot/loader.conf - echo "beastie_disable=\"YES\"" >> ${NANO_WORLDDIR}/boot/loader.conf -) - -customize_cmd cust_comconsole -customize_cmd cust_install_files -customize_cmd cust_allow_ssh_root -customize_cmd cust_nobeastie</programlisting> - </sect3> - </sect2> - - <sect2> - <title>§ó·s NanoBSD</title> - - <para>§ó·s <application>NanoBSD</application> ¬Û¹ï &os; ¦Ó¨¥¸û¬°Â²³æ¡G</para> - - <procedure> - <step> - <para>©M¤§«e¤@¼Ë¥´³y·sªº <application>NanoBSD</application> ¬M¹³ÀÉ¡C</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>±N·sªº¬M¹³ÀÉ©ñ¤J¥¿¹B¦æªº - <application>NanoBSD</application> ¤¤¥¼¥Îªº¤À³Î°Ï¤§¤@¡C</para> - - <para>»P¤§«e³Ìªì¦w¸Ë <application>NanoBSD</application> ªº¨BÆJ¬Û¤ñ¡A - ³o¤@¨BÆJ³Ì«nªº°Ï§O¦b©ó¡G³o¦¸¤£¥Î <filename>_.disk.full</filename> ÀÉ(¥¦¥]§t¾ãӺϺЪº¬M¹³ÀÉ)¡A - ¦ÓÀ³¦w¸Ë <filename>_.disk.image</filename> ¬M¹³ÀÉ(³oÓÀɮפ¤¡A¥u¥]§t¤@Ó¨t²Î¤À³Î°Ï)¡C</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>«·s±Ò°Ê¡A¨Ã±q·s¦w¸Ëªº¤À³Î°Ï¤¤±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡C</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>¦pªG¤@¤Á¶¶§Qªº¸Ü¡A¤É¯Å¤u§@´N§¹¦¨¤F¡C</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>¦pªGµo¥Í¤F¥ô¦ó°ÝÃD¡A«h¥i¥H±q¥ý«eªº¤À³Î°Ï±Ò°Ê - (¨ä¤¤¥]§t¤Fªº¡B ¥i¥Îªº¬M¹³ÀÉ)¡A¨ÓºÉ§Ö«ì´_¨t²Î¥\¯à¡C - ±µ¤U¨Ó¥i¥H×¥¿·s½sĶªºª©¥»¤¤¦s¦bªº°ÝÃD¡A¨Ã«½Æ«ez¨BÆJ¡C</para> - </step> - </procedure> - - <para>n¦b¥¿¦b¹B¦æªº - <application>NanoBSD</application> ¨t²Î¤¤¦w¸Ë·sªº¬M¹³ÀÉ¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¦ì©ó - <filename>/root</filename> ¥Ø¿ýªº - <filename>updatep1</filename> ©Î - <filename>updatep2</filename> script ¡A - ¹ê»Ú¤Wn¥Îþ¤@Ó script¡A«h¨ú¨M©ó¥¿¦b¹B¦æªº¨t²Î¬O¦ì©óþÓ¤À³Î°Ï¦Ó©w¡C</para> - - <para>ÀH®É´£¨Ñ·s <application>NanoBSD</application> ¬M¹³ÀɩҴ£¨ÑªºªA°È¡A - ¥H¤Î±Ä¥Îªº¶Ç¿é¤èªkªº¤£¦P¡A±z¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò¨Ã¨Ï¥Î¤U¦C¤TºØ¤è¦¡¤§¤@¡G</para> - - <sect3> - <title>¨Ï¥Î &man.ftp.1;</title> - - <para>¦pªG¶Ç¿é³t«×¬O²Ä¤@n¨Dªº¸Ü¡A½Ð±Ä¥Î¤U±¨Ò¤l¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ftp myhost -get _.disk.image "| sh updatep1"</userinput></screen> - </sect3> - - <sect3> - <title>¨Ï¥Î &man.ssh.1;</title> - - <para>¦pªG·Q§ó¦w¥þªº¸Ü¡AÀ³°Ñ¦Ò¤U±¨Ò¤l¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ssh myhost cat _.disk.image.gz | zcat | sh updatep1</userinput></screen> - </sect3> - - <sect3> - <title>¨Ï¥Î &man.nc.1;</title> - - <para>¦pªG»·µ{¥D¾÷¬J¤£´£¨Ñ &man.ftp.1; ªA°È¡A¤]¤£´£¨Ñ &man.sshd.8; ªA°Èªº¸Ü¡G</para> - - <procedure> - <step> - <para>º¥ý¡A¦b´£¨Ñ¬M¹³Àɪº¥D¾÷¤W¶}±Ò TCP listen¡A¨ÃÅý¥¦§â¬M¹³Àɶǵ¹ client¡G</para> - - <screen>myhost&prompt.root; <userinput>nc -l 2222 < _.disk.image</userinput></screen> - - <note> - <para>½Ð½T»{±z©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº port ¨S¦³³Q¨¾¤õÀðªý¤î¨Ó¦Û - <application>NanoBSD</application> client ªº³s½u½Ð¨D¡C</para> - </note> - </step> - <step> - <para>³s¨ì´£¨Ñ·s¬M¹³ÀɪA°Èªº¥D¾÷¡A¨Ã°õ¦æ <filename>updatep1</filename> ³o¤ä script¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>nc myhost 2222 | sh updatep1</userinput></screen> - </step> - </procedure> - </sect3> - </sect2> - </sect1> - - <index/> -</article> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/remote-install/article.xml b/zh_TW.Big5/articles/remote-install/article.xml deleted file mode 100644 index f676dce8ec..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/remote-install/article.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,475 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="big5"?> -<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN" - "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/share/xml/freebsd50.dtd"> -<!-- - The FreeBSD Documentation Project - The FreeBSD Chinese (Traditional) Documentation Project - - Original Revision: 1.5 - ---> -<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="zh_tw"> - <info><title>»·ºÝ¦w¸Ë &os; §@·~¨t²Î¦Ó¤£¥²±µ Remote Console</title> - - - <author><personname><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Gerzo</surname></personname><affiliation> - <address><email>danger@FreeBSD.org</email></address> - </affiliation></author> - - <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks"> - &tm-attrib.freebsd; - &tm-attrib.general; - </legalnotice> - - <copyright> - <year>2008</year> - <holder>The &os; Documentation Project</holder> - </copyright> - - <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate> - - <releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo> - - <abstract> - <para>¥»¤å¤¶²Ð¦p¦ó¦b¨S¿ìªk³s¨ì»·ºÝ console ªº¾÷¾¹°µ &os; »·ºÝ¦w¸Ë¡C - ¥»¤åºc·Q¨Ó¦Û©ó§@ªÌ»P &a.mm; ªº¦X§@¦¨ªG¡A - ¥H¤Î &a.pjd; ©Ò§ëª`ªº½Ñ¦h¤ß¦å¡C</para> - </abstract> - </info> - - <sect1 xml:id="background"> - <title>½t°_</title> - - <para>¥@¤W¦³³\¦h server hosting provider¡A¦ý¨ä¤¤¦³©x¤è¤ä´© &os; - «h¤£¬O¬Û·í¦h¡C ¥L̳q±`·|¦b©Ò´£¨Ñªº¾÷¾¹¤W¦³ &linux; distribution - ªº¦w¸Ë¤ä´©¡C</para> - - <para>¦³¨Ç·|Åý±z¥i¿ï¾Ü³ß¦nªº &linux; distribution ¨Ó¸Ë¡A - ¹³³oºØ±¡ªp´N¥i¥H¸ÕµÛ¦w¸Ë &os;¡C ¦Ó¦³¨Ç«h¬O·|´£¨Ñ±Ï«æ¥Îªº¨t²Î¡A - ³oºØ¤]¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¦w¸Ë &os;¡C</para> - - <para>¥»¤å¤¶²Ð³o¨Ç»·ºÝ°ò¥»¦w¸Ë &os; ªº¤è¦¡¡A¥H¤Î RAID-1 »P - <application>ZFS</application> ³]©w¨BÆJ¡C</para> - </sect1> - - <sect1 xml:id="intro"> - <title>¤¶²Ð</title> - - <para>¯÷ºK¿ý¤@¤U¥»¤åªº¥Øªº¥H¤ÎÄÄz³oÃä©Ò²[»\ªºªF¦è¡C - ¹ï©óµL©x¤è¤ä´© &os; ªº¥NºÞªA°È(colocation)¥Î¤á¦Ó¨¥¡A - ¥»¤å¤¤©Ò¤¶²Ð¨ìªº«ü¥O·|¬Û·í¦³¥Î¡C</para> - - <procedure> - <step> - <para>¥¿¦p¥ý«e <link linkend="background">½t°_</link> ©Ò´£¨ìªº¡A³\¦h¦WÁnÁÙ¤£¿àªº - server hosting ¤½¥q·|´£¨Ñ¤@¨Ç±Ï«æ¥Î¨t²Î¡A¥i¥H³z¹L - <acronym>LAN</acronym> ¤è¦¡¶}¾÷¡A¤]¥i¥H³z¹L - <application>SSH</application> ¤è¦¡¶i¦æºÞ²z¡C ³q±`·|¦³¸Ó¥[ȪA°È¡A - ¥HÅý¥L̪º«È¤á¥i¥H³s¶i¨Ó×´_¦³°ÝÃDªº§@·~¨t²Î¡C - ¥»¸`¤§«á±N¤¶²Ð¦p¦ó³z¹L±Ï«æ¨t²Î¨Ó¦w¸Ë &os;¡C</para> - <!-- XXXTR: Solaris has a restore command, something like - sysrestore, FreeBSD Should have one too. --> - </step> - - <step> - <para>¤U¤@¸`·|¤¶²Ð¦p¦ó¦b¥»¾÷³]©w¥H¤Î¥´³y³Ì¤p¥©ªº &os; ¡X¡X - ¸Óª©³Ì«á·|¦b»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹¤W³z¹L ramdisk ¤è¦¡±Ò°Ê¡A¨Ã¥H - <application>sysinstall</application> ±q <acronym>FTP</acronym> - mirror ¯¸¨Ó¦w¸Ë§¹¾ãªº &os; §@·~¨t²Î¡C</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>¥»¤å¨ä¾l³¡¤À±N¤¶²Ð¦w¸Ëµ{§Ç¡A¥H¤Î <application>ZFS</application> - Àɮרt²Îªº³]©w¡C</para> - </step> - </procedure> - - <sect2 xml:id="requirements"> - <title>»Ý¨D</title> - - <para>¬°¤F¦¨¥\§¹¦¨»·ºÝ¦w¸Ë¡A¥²¶·n¦³¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>n¦³¥i¥H¤Wºôªº§@·~¨t²Î¡A¨Ã¥B <application>SSH</application> - ¥i¥H³s½u¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>ÁA¸Ñ &os; ªº¦w¸Ëµ{§Ç</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¼ô±x¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î &man.sysinstall.8;</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¦³ &os; ¦w¸Ë¥úºÐ¤ù©ÎªÌ <acronym>ISO</acronym> image ÀÉ</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </sect2> - </sect1> - - <sect1 xml:id="preparation"> - <title>·Ç³Æ - <application>mfsBSD</application></title> - - <para>¦b¸Ë &os; ¤§«e¡An¥ý¥´³y³Ì¤p¤Æªº &os; §@·~¨t²Î image ÀÉ¡A - ¥H«K¥i¥H±qµwºÐ¤W¶}¾÷¡C ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¡A·sªº¨t²Î´N¥i¥H³z¹Lºô¸ô¨Ó¾Þ§@¡A - ¦Ó³Ñ¤U¨Óªº¦w¸Ë³¡¤À§Y¥i¤£¥²³z¹L console¡C</para> - - <para>¦Ó <application>mfsBSD</application> ³o®M¤u¨ã´N¬O¥Î¨Ó¥´³y¤p«¬ªº - &os; image ÀÉ¡C <application>mfsBSD</application> (¦W¦r¨ä¤¤ - <quote>mfs</quote> ´N¬O <quote>memory file system</quote>)©Ò«Ø³y¥X¨Óªº - ¾ã®M¨t²Î·|³z¹L ramdisk ¤è¦¡¨Ó¹B§@¡C ¥Ñ©ó¦¹¤@¯S¦â¡AµwºÐªº³¡¤À´N¤£¨ü¡A - ¦]¦¹¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¦w¸Ë§¹¾ãªº &os; §@·~¨t²Î¡C <application>mfsBSD</application> - ªºº¶¦ì©ó <uri xlink:href="http://people.freebsd.org/~mm/mfsbsd/">http://people.freebsd.org/~mm/mfsbsd/</uri>¡A - ¨ä¤¤³sµ²¦³¸Ó¤u¨ãªº³Ì·s release ³¡¤À¡C</para> - - <para>½Ðª`·N¡G<application>mfsBSD</application> ¤º³¡¹B§@¤è¦¡ªº²Ó¸`¡A¤£ - ¦b¥»¤å¤¶²Ð½d³ò¤§¤º¡C Y¹ï³o¤è±¦³¿³½ìªºÅªªÌ¡A¥i¦Ü - <application>mfsBSD</application> ©xºô¬d¾\¬ÛÃö¤å¥ó¡C</para> - - <para>º¥ý¤U¸ü³Ì·sªº <application>mfsBSD</application> ¨Ã¸ÑÀ£ÁY¤§¡A - µM«á¤Á¨ì¸ÑÀ£ÁY«áªº¤u§@¥Ø¿ý¡A¤]´N¬O <application>mfsBSD</application> - script ÀɩҦb³B¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fetch http://people.freebsd.org/~mm/mfsbsd/mfsbsd-latest.tar.gz</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>tar xvzf mfsbsd-1.0-beta1.tar.gz</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>cd mfsbsd-1.0-beta1/</userinput></screen> - - <sect2 xml:id="mfsbsd-config"> - <title>³]©w <application>mfsBSD</application></title> - - <para>¦b±N <application>mfsBSD</application> ¶}¾÷¤§«e¡A - ¦³´XÓ«n³]©wn¥ý³]§´¡C ¦¹®É³Ì«nªº³]©w¡A«Ü©úÅã´N¬Oºô¸ô³]©w¡C - ¨ì©³ºô¸ô«ç»ò³]³Ì¦n¡A«h¨ú¨M©ó©Ò³Bªººô¸ôÀô¹Ò¡A - ¥H¤Î¸Óºô¸ô¥d·|¥Hþ¤@ºØÅX°Êµ{¦¡¸ü¤J¦Ó©w¡C §Ú̱N·|¬Ý¨ì - <application>mfsBSD</application> ¦p¦ó¦b¥ô¦óºô¸ô±¡ªp¤U¶i¦æ³]©w¡C</para> - - <para>¥t¤@¥ó«n¨Æ´N¬O³]©w <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> ±K½X¡C - ³oÂI¥i¥H³z¹L <filename>conf/rootpw.conf</filename> ¨Ó§¹¦¨¡C - ½Ð¤Á°O¡G¸ÓÀɱK½X¬O¥H©ú¤å¤è¦¡¦s©ñ¡A¦]¦¹¤£«ØÄ³©ñ¯u¥¿¥±`¦³¦b¥Îªº±K½X¡C - µM¦Ó³o±K½X¥u¬OÁ{®É±K½X¦Ó¤w¡A¥i¥H¦b¤§«á¶}¾÷®É¦A°µ§ó´«¡C</para> - - <sect3> - <title>³]©wºô¸ô(<filename>conf/interfaces.conf</filename> ¤è¦¡)</title> - - <para>Y¹ïn¸Ëªº¾÷¾¹ºô¥d¬°¦óÁÙ¤£ª¾¹D¬Oþ¤@´Ú¡A¦ý¥i¥Hµ½¥[§Q¥Î - <application>mfsBSD</application> ªº¦Û°Ê°»´ú¥\¯à¡C - <application>mfsBSD</application> ªº¶}¾÷ script ·|®Ú¾Úºô¥dªº MAC - ¦ì§}½d³ò¨Ó°»´ú¥¿½TªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A¹³¬O¤U¦Cªº - <filename>conf/interfaces.conf</filename> ³]©w¤º®e¡G</para> - - <programlisting>initconf_interfaces="ext1" -initconf_mac_ext1="00:00:00:00:00:00" -initconf_ip_ext1="192.168.0.2" -initconf_netmask_ext1="255.255.255.0"</programlisting> - - <para>§O§Ñ¤F¦b <filename>conf/rc.conf</filename> ¤ºn¥[¤W - <literal>defaultrouter</literal> ªº¬ÛÃö³]©w¡G</para> - - <programlisting>defaultrouter="192.168.0.1"</programlisting> - </sect3> - - <sect3> - <title>³]©wºô¸ô(<filename>conf/rc.conf</filename> ¤è¦¡)</title> - - <para>Y¤w¸gª¾¹Dºô¥d¬Oþ¤@ºØ¡A¨º»òn³]©wºô¸ôªº¸Üª½±µ§ï - <filename>conf/rc.conf</filename> ·|¤ñ¸û¤è«K¡C - ¸ÓÀɳ]©w»yªk»P &os; ¼Ð·Çªº &man.rc.conf.5; ¬O¤@Pªº¡C</para> - - <para>Á|Ó¨Ò¤l¡AYª¾¹D¸Ó¾÷¾¹ºô¥d¬O¥Î &man.re.4;¡A¨º»ò´N¦b - <filename>conf/rc.conf</filename> °µ¤U¦CÃþ¦ü³]©w¡G</para> - - <programlisting>defaultrouter="192.168.0.1" -ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0"</programlisting> - </sect3> - </sect2> - - <sect2 xml:id="mfsbsd-build"> - <title>¥´³y <application>mfsBSD</application> image</title> - - <para>¥´³y <application>mfsBSD</application> - image Àɪº¹Lµ{¬Û·í²³æ¡C</para> - - <para>º¥ý¬O§â &os; ¦w¸Ë¥úºÐ©ÎªÌ¦w¸Ë¥Îªº <acronym>ISO</acronym> image - ÀÉ¥á¨ì <filename>/cdrom</filename>¡C - ¬°ºû«ù©Ò¦³¨Ò¤lªº¤@P¡A¥»¤å°²³]³£¬O¥Î &os; 7.0-RELEASE - <acronym>ISO</acronym>¡C ¦Ó§â ISO image Àɱ¾¸ü¨ì <filename>/cdrom</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¬Û·í²³æ¡A - ´N¬O¥Î &man.mdconfig.8;¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -a -t vnode -u 10 -f 7.0-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>mount_cd9660 /dev/md10 /cdrom</userinput></screen> - - <para>±µµÛ´N¶}©l¥´³y¥i¶}¾÷ªº <application>mfsBSD</application> - image¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make BASE=/cdrom/7.0-RELEASE</userinput></screen> - - <note> - <para>¤Wzªº <command>make</command> «ü¥On¦b - <application>mfsBSD</application> ªº³Ì¤W¼h¥Ø¿ý°õ¦æ¡A¤ñ¤è»¡ <filename>~/mfsbsd-1.0-beta1/</filename>¡C</para> - </note> - </sect2> - - <sect2> - <title><application>mfsBSD</application> ¶}°Ê</title> - - <para>²{¦b <application>mfsBSD</application> image ¤w¸g³Æ§´¡A - n¤W¶Ç¨ì»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº±Ï«æ¨t²Î©ÎªÌ¹w¥ý¦w¸Ëªº &linux; distribution¡C - n§¹¦¨³o¤u§@³Ì¾A¦Xªº¤u¨ã´N¬O <application>scp</application>¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>scp disk.img root@192.168.0.2:.</userinput></screen> - - <para>¬°¤F¯à¶¶§Q±Ò°Ê <application>mfsBSD</application> image¡A - n§âÀɮשñ¦b±ý¦w¸Ë¾÷¾¹ªº²Ä¤@Áû(¥i¶}¾÷)µwºÐ¤W¡C - °²³]¨Ò¤lªº²Ä¤@Áû¶}¾÷µwºÐ¥N¸¹¬° <filename>sda</filename>¡A - ¨º»ò§@ªk´NÃþ¦ü¤U±³o¼Ë¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/root/disk.img of=/dev/sda bs=1m</userinput></screen> - - <para>Y¤@¤Á¶¶§Q¡A¸Ó image Àɲ{¦bÀ³¸Ó·|¦b²Ä¤@ÁûµwºÐªº - <acronym>MBR</acronym> ºÏ°Ï¨Ã¥i¥H¶}©l¶i¦æ«¶}¾÷¤F¡C ¥i¥H¥Î - &man.ping.8; ¤u¨ã¨ÓÀË´ú¸Ó¾÷¾¹¶}¾÷§¹²¦»P§_¡C ¤@¥¹ ping ¨ì¤§«á¡A - ´N¥i¥H³z¹L &man.ssh.1; ³s¶i¥h¡A¨Ã¥B¥Î <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> - ¥H¤Îè³]©wªº±K½Xµn¤J¡C</para> - </sect2> - </sect1> - - <sect1 xml:id="installation"> - <title>&os; §@·~¨t²Îªº¦w¸Ë</title> - - <para>²{¦b <application>mfsBSD</application> ¤w¶¶§Q±Ò°Ê¡A¨Ã¥BÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H³z¹L - &man.ssh.1; ¤è¦¡¨Ó³s¡C ¥»¸`±N¤¶²Ð¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß slice ¤À³Î¡B³]©w - <application>gmirror</application> ¥H§@ RAID-1¡B¦p¦ó¥H - <application>sysinstall</application> ¨Ó¦w¸Ë &os; - §@·~¨t²Îªº³Ì¤p¤Æ¦w¸Ë¡C</para> - - <sect2> - <title>·Ç³ÆµwºÐ</title> - - <para>º¥ýn§@ªº¬O°t¸mµwºÐªÅ¶¡µ¹ &os;¡A¹³¬O«Ø¥ß slice ¸ò¤À³Î°Ï¡C - «Ü©úÅã¦a¡A¥Ø«e¦b¶]ªº§@·~¨t²Î¬O¸ü¤J¨ì¨t²Î°O¾ÐÅ餺°õ¦æ¡A - ¦]¦¹n¹ïµwºÐ°t¸m¨ÃµL¥ô¦ó°ÝÃD¡C ³o¨Ç¤u§@¥i¥H¥Î - <application>sysinstall</application> ©ÎªÌ¥H &man.fdisk.8; ·f°t - &man.bsdlabel.8; ¨Ó§¹¦¨¡C</para> - - <para>º¥ý¥ý§â¦UµwºÐ³£¥ý²MªÅ¡C ½Ð¹ï¦UµwºÐ§@¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ad0 count=2</userinput></screen> - - <para>±µµÛ¡A¥H±zºD¥Îªº¤u¨ã¨Ó«Ø¥ß slice ¥H¤Î³]©w label¡C ³q±`·|«ØÄ³¥H - ªº <application>sysinstall</application> ¤u¨ã¨Ó§@·|¤ñ¸û»´ÃP¡A - ©ÎªÌ¬O±j¦Ó¤S¤£¤Ó·|¥Xºlªº¤å¦r¤¶± &unix; ¼Ð·Ç¤u¨ã(¹³¬O &man.fdisk.8;, - &man.bsdlabel.8;)¡A³o³¡¤Àµy«á¤]·|¤@¨Ö¤¶²Ð¡C «eªÌ³¡¤À¦b &os; Handbook - ªº <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/install-steps.html">¦w¸Ë - &os;</link> ³¹¸`¦³¬Û·í¸ÔºÉªº¤¶²Ð¡A©Ò¥H³oÃä¥Dnn¤¶²Ðªº¬O¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß - RAID-1 ¨t²Î¥H¤Î <application>ZFS</application>¡C - ³oÃä·|¤¶²Ð«Ø¥ß¥H &man.gmirror.8; °µ¦¨ªº¤p«¬ mirrored Àɮרt²Î¡G - <filename>/</filename> (®Ú¥Ø¿ý), <filename>/usr</filename> ¥H¤Î <filename>/var</filename>¡A¦ÓµwºÐªº¨ä¾l³Ñ¾lªÅ¶¡«h³q³q¥H - &man.zpool.8; °µ¦¨ <application>ZFS</application> ªº mirrored Àɮרt²Î - ¡C ½Ðª`·N¡G¥²¶·n¥ý§â &os; §@·~¨t²Î¸Ë¦n¨Ã¶}§¹¾÷«á¡A¤~¯à¶i¦æ³]©w - <application>ZFS</application> Àɮרt²Î¡C</para> - - <para>¤U±ªº¨Ò¤l·|¤¶²Ð¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß slice ¥H¤Î label¡B¦b¨CÓ¤À³Î°Ï¤W±Ò¥Î - &man.gmirror.8;¡B¦p¦ó¦b¨CÓ mirrored ¤À³Î°Ï¤W«Ø¥ß - <application>UFS2</application> Àɮרt²Î¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fdisk -BI /dev/ad0</userinput> <co xml:id="fdisk"/> -&prompt.root; <userinput>fdisk -BI /dev/ad1</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -wB /dev/ad0s1</userinput> <co xml:id="bsdlabel-writing"/> -&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -wB /dev/ad1s1</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -e /dev/ad0s1</userinput> <co xml:id="bsdlabel-editing"/> -&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel /dev/ad0s1 > /tmp/bsdlabel.txt && bsdlabel -R /dev/ad1s1 /tmp/bsdlabel.txt</userinput> <co xml:id="bsdlabel-restore"/> -&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror label root /dev/ad[01]s1a</userinput> <co xml:id="gmirror1"/> -&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror label var /dev/ad[01]s1d</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror label usr /dev/ad[01]s1e</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror label -F swap /dev/ad[01]s1b</userinput> <co xml:id="gmirror2"/> -&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/mirror/root</userinput> <co xml:id="newfs"/> -&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/mirror/var</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/mirror/usr</userinput></screen> - - <calloutlist> - <callout arearefs="fdisk"> - <para>¹ï¸ÓµwºÐ«Ø¥ß slice ¨Ã¥B¦b²Ä¹sy³B±N¶}¾÷ªí§@ªì©l¡C - ½Ð¹ï¸Ó¾÷¾¹©Ò¦³µwºÐ³£§@¦¹¤@°Ê§@¡C</para> - </callout> - - <callout arearefs="bsdlabel-writing"> - <para>¹ï¦UµwºÐ¼g¤J label ¥H¤Î bootstrap ½X¡C</para> - </callout> - - <callout arearefs="bsdlabel-editing"> - <para>²{¦b¤â°Ê×§ï¸ÓµwºÐªº label¡A¦Ü©ó¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß¤À³Î°Ï(partitions) - ½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.bsdlabel.8; »¡©ú¡C - ¤À³Î°Ï¤À§O«Ø¥ß¡G<literal>a</literal> ¬Oµ¹ <filename>/</filename> (®Ú¥Ø¿ý)¡A - <literal>b</literal> µ¹ swap¡A - <literal>d</literal> µ¹ <filename>/var</filename>¡A - <literal>e</literal> µ¹ <filename>/usr</filename>¡A - ³Ì«á¡A·|¦bµy«á¨BÆJ§â <literal>f</literal> µ¹ - <application>ZFS</application> ¨Ï¥Î¡C</para> - </callout> - - <callout arearefs="bsdlabel-restore"> - <para>§âè誺 label ³]©w¥ý¶×¥X¡A¦A¶×¤J¨ì²Ä¤GÁûµwºÐ¤W¡A - ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¨âÃ䪺µwºÐ label ³]©w´N·|¦P¼Ë¡C</para> - </callout> - - <callout arearefs="gmirror1"> - <para>¦b¦U¤À³Î°Ï¤W±Ò¥Î &man.gmirror.8;</para> - </callout> - - <callout arearefs="gmirror2"> - <para>½Ðª`·N¡G<option>-F</option> ¿ï¶µ¬O¥Î¦b swap ¤W¡C - ³o°Ñ¼Æ·|Åý &man.gmirror.8; »{¬°¸ÓµwÅé¬O³B©ó¥i¾aª¬ºA¡A - §Y¨Ïµo¥Í¹q·½¬G»Ù©Î¨t²Î·í±¼¡A¤]¤£·|¥h¦P¨B¡C</para> - </callout> - - <callout arearefs="newfs"> - <para>¦b¦UÓ¦³°µ mirror ªº¤À³Î°Ï¤W«Ø¥ß <application>UFS2</application> - Àɮרt²Î</para> - </callout> - </calloutlist> - </sect2> - - <sect2> - <title>¨t²Î¦w¸Ë</title> - - <para>³o¸Ì¬O³Ì«nªº¤@Àô¡A - ¥»¸`¤¶²Ð¹ê»Ú¤W¦p¦ó¦b¥ý«e¤@¸`©Ò°µ¦nªºµwºÐ¦w¸Ë³Ì¤p¤Æªº &os;¡A - ¬°¤F§¹¦¨¦¹¤@¥Ø¼Ð¡A©Ò¦³Àɮרt²Î³£¥²¶·±¾¸ü§´·í¡A¤~¯àÅý - <application>sysinstall</application> ¥i¥H§â &os; ¸Ë¨ìµwºÐ¤º¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/mirror/root /mnt</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /mnt/var /mnt/usr</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/mirror/var /mnt/var</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/mirror/usr /mnt/usr</userinput></screen> - - <para>°µ§¹¤Wz°Ê§@¤§«á¡A½Ð°õ¦æ &man.sysinstall.8;¡C ½Ð±q¥D¿ï³æ¤¤¿ï¾Ü - <guimenuitem>Custom</guimenuitem> ¦w¸Ë¡A¿ï - <guimenuitem>Options</guimenuitem> «ö <keycap>Enter</keycap>¡C - µM«á¥H¤è¦VÁä²¾°Ê¨ì <literal>Install Root</literal> ³B¡A«ö - <keycap>Space</keycap> ÁäµM«á§ï¬° <filename>/mnt</filename>¡A¦A«ö <keycap>Enter</keycap> - Áä¥H±N×§ïȦs°_¨Ó¡AµM«á«ö <keycap>q</keycap> Áä§Y¥iÂ÷¶}³oÓ - <guimenuitem>Options</guimenuitem> µe±¡C</para> - - <warning> - <para>½Ðª`·N¡G¥»¨BÆJ·¥¬°«n¡AY©¿²¤ªº¸Ü¨º»ò - <application>sysinstall</application> ´N¨S¿ìªk¦w¸Ë &os;¡C</para> - </warning> - - <para>±µµÛ¿ï <guimenuitem>Distributions</guimenuitem>¡AµM«á²¾°Ê´å¼Ð¨ì - <option>Minimal</option> ³B¡A«ö <keycap>Space</keycap> Áä¡C - ¥»¤å¤§©Ò¥H¤¶²Ð³Ì¤p¤Æ¦w¸Ë¬O¬°¤Fn¸`¬Ùºô¸ô¬y¶q¡A¦]¬°¨t²Î¦w¸Ë¬O³z¹L - <application>ftp</application> ¤è¦¡¨Ó¶i¦æ¡C nÂ÷¶}¥»µe±¡A½Ð¿ï - <option>Exit</option> §Y¥i¡C</para> - - <note> - <para>¦Ü©ó <guimenuitem>Partition</guimenuitem> ¤Î - <guimenuitem>Label</guimenuitem> ¨BÆJ«h¥i²¤¹L¡A - ¦]¬°³o¨Ç¥Ø«e¤w¸g³£³]©w§¹²¦¤F¡C</para> - </note> - - <para>¦b <guimenuitem>Media</guimenuitem> ¿ï³æ¤¤½Ð¿ï - <option>FTP</option>¡C ½Ð¿ï³Ìªñªº mirror ¯¸¡A¨Ã¥BÅý - <application>sysinstall</application> °²³]ºô¸ô¤w¸g³]§´¡C - ±µ¤U¨Ó´N·|¦^¨ì <guimenuitem>Custom</guimenuitem> ¿ï³æ¡C</para> - - <para>³Ì«á¡A«ö¤U <guimenuitem>Commit</guimenuitem> §Y¥i¶}©l¶i¦æ¦w¸Ë¡C - §¹¦¨¦w¸Ë«á¡A§Y¥iÂ÷¶} <application>sysinstall</application>¡C</para> - </sect2> - - <sect2> - <title>«áÄò¦w¸Ë¨BÆJ</title> - - <para>¦¹®É &os; §@·~¨t²ÎÀ³¸Ó¤w¸g¸Ë§¹¡AµM¦ÓÁÙ¦³¨Ç«áÄò¬yµ{n°µ¡C - ¥²¶·n°µ¤@¨Ç«áÄò³]©w¡A¤~¯àÅý &os; ¥i¥H¶}¾÷¸òµn¤J¡C</para> - - <para>²{¦b¥²¶·n¥Î &man.chroot.8; ¥H¤Á¨ìèè·s¸Ë¦nªº¨t²Î¤º¡C - «ü¥O¦p¤U¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chroot /mnt</userinput></screen> - - <para>µM«á¦A¥´¤U¦C«ü¥O¥HÄ~Äò§¹¦¨¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>§â <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel ½Æ»s¨ì - <filename>/boot/kernel</filename> - ¥Ø¿ý¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp -Rp /boot/GENERIC/* /boot/kernel</userinput></screen> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>«Ø¥ß <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, - <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> ¤Î - <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> ÀɮסC §O§Ñ¤F¡An°O±o¦b - <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> Àɳ]¬ÛÃöºô¸ô³]©w¡A¥H¤Î§â - <application>sshd</application> ±Ò¥Î¡C ¦¹¥~¡A - <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> ÀÉÀ³¸Ó·|ªø¹³¤U±³o¼Ë¡G</para> - - <programlisting># Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass# -/dev/mirror/swap none swap sw 0 0 -/dev/mirror/root / ufs rw 1 1 -/dev/mirror/usr /usr ufs rw 2 2 -/dev/mirror/var /var ufs rw 2 2 -/dev/cd0 /cdrom cd9660 ro,noauto 0 0</programlisting> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>·s¼W <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> ÀÉ¡A - ¨Ã¥B¤º®e¶ñ¤J¤U¦C¡G</para> - - <programlisting>geom_mirror_load="YES" -zfs_load="YES"</programlisting> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>°õ¦æ¤U¦C«ü¥O¡A¥H¦b¤U¦¸¶}¾÷®É±Ò¥Î <application>ZFS</application> - ¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo 'zfs_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf </userinput></screen> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¨Ï¥Î &man.adduser.8; ¤u¨ã¨Ó·s¼W¨ä¥L¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±b¸¹¡C §O§Ñ¤F¡A - ¦Ü¤Ön¦³¤@Ó±b¸¹±o¥[¤J <systemitem class="groupname">wheel</systemitem> ¸s²Õ¡A - ¤~¯à¦b«¶}¾÷«á¥H¸Ó±b¸¹¤Á´«¬° root¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¦A¦¸Àˬd¤Wz¬ÛÃöªº³]©w¡A¬O§_¦³¿òº|©Î¥´¿ù¡C</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - - <para>²{¦b¸Ó¨t²Î²×©ó¥i¥H«¶}¾÷¤F¡A½Ð¥Î &man.reboot.8; - «ü¥O¥H«¶}¾÷¡C</para> - </sect2> - </sect1> - - <sect1 xml:id="zfs"> - <title>ZFS</title> - - <para>¨t²Î«¶}¾÷§¹²¦¤§«á¡AÀ³¸Ó´N¥i¥Hµn¤J¤F¡C Åwªï¨Ï¥Î¥þ·sªº &os; ¦w¸Ë¤è¦¡¡A - §¹¥þ³z¹L»·ºÝ¦Ó¤£¥²±µ¤W remote console¡I</para> - - <para>±µ¤U¨Ó¥u³Ñn½Õ¾ã &man.zpool.8; ¥H¤Î«Ø¥ß &man.zfs.8; Àɮרt²Î¦Ó¤w¡C - <application>ZFS</application> ªº«Ø¥ß¤ÎºÞ²z¬O¬Û·í²LÅã©öÀ´¡C º¥ý¡A - «Ø¥ß mirrored pool¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zpool create tank mirror /dev/ad[01]s1f</userinput></screen> - - <para>±µµÛ¡A«Ø¥ßÀɮרt²Î¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs create tank/ports</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs create tank/src</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs set compression=gzip tank/ports</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs set compression=on tank/src</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs set mountpoint=/usr/ports tank/ports</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs set mountpoint=/usr/src tank/src</userinput></screen> - - <para>¤@¤Á´N¬O³o¼Ë²³æ¡C Y¹ï &os; ¤Wªº <application>ZFS</application> - ²Ó¸`³¡¤À¦³¿³½ì¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ &os; Wiki ¤Wªº <link xlink:href="http://wiki.freebsd.org/ZFS">ZFS</link> ¤@¸`»¡©ú¡C</para> - </sect1> -</article> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/books/Makefile.inc b/zh_TW.Big5/books/Makefile.inc deleted file mode 100644 index 7f3730bc40..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/books/Makefile.inc +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -# -# $FreeBSD$ -# - -DESTDIR?= ${DOCDIR}/zh_TW.Big5/books/${.CURDIR:T} diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/books/faq/book.xml b/zh_TW.Big5/books/faq/book.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 774de27d1c..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/books/faq/book.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11876 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="big5"?> -<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V4.5-Based Extension//EN" - "../../../share/xml/freebsd45.dtd" [ -<!ENTITY bibliography SYSTEM "../../../share/xml/bibliography.xml"> -]> - -<!-- The FreeBSD Traditional Chinese Documentation Project --> -<!-- Original Revision: 1.772 --> - -<book lang='zh_tw'> - <bookinfo> - <title>FreeBSD 5.X¡B6.X ±`¨£°Ýµª¶°</title> - - <corpauthor>FreeBSD ¤å¥ópµe</corpauthor> - - <copyright> - <year>1995</year> - <year>1996</year> - <year>1997</year> - <year>1998</year> - <year>1999</year> - <year>2000</year> - <year>2001</year> - <year>2002</year> - <year>2003</year> - <year>2004</year> - <year>2005</year> - <year>2006</year> - <year>2007</year> - <year>2008</year> - <holder>FreeBSD ¤å¥ópµe</holder> - </copyright> - - &legalnotice; - - <legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks"> - &tm-attrib.freebsd; - &tm-attrib.3com; - &tm-attrib.adobe; - &tm-attrib.creative; - &tm-attrib.cvsup; - &tm-attrib.ibm; - &tm-attrib.ieee; - &tm-attrib.intel; - &tm-attrib.iomega; - &tm-attrib.linux; - &tm-attrib.microsoft; - &tm-attrib.mips; - &tm-attrib.netscape; - &tm-attrib.opengroup; - &tm-attrib.oracle; - &tm-attrib.sgi; - &tm-attrib.sparc; - &tm-attrib.sun; - &tm-attrib.usrobotics; - &tm-attrib.xfree86; - &tm-attrib.general; - </legalnotice> - - <releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo> - - <abstract> - <para>³o¥÷¤å¥ó¬O FreeBSD 5.X ¤Î 6.X ªº±`¨£°Ýµª¶°¡C - °£«D¦³¯S§O¥[µù¡A§_«h³o¨Ç¶µ¥Ø³£¾A¥Î©ó FreeBSD 5.0 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¡C - (¦pªG±ø¥Ø¤º®e¤¤¦³ <XXX> «h¬O©|¥¼§¹¦¨¤¤Ä¶ªº³¡¥÷¡C) - ¦pªG±z¹ï¨ó§U¥»¤å¥ó/½Ķpµeªº¶i¦æ¦³¿³½ìªº¸Ü¡A½Ð±H e-mail ¨ì - &a.doc;¡C¦¹¥~¡AÀH®É¥i±q <ulink - url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/index.html"> - FreeBSD ºô¯¸</ulink> ®³¨ì³o¥÷¤å¥óªº³Ì·sª©¥»¡C - ¤]¥i¥H§Q¥Î HTTP ¨Ó¤U¸ü¤@¥÷Ãe¤jªº <ulink url="book.html">HTML</ulink> - ¤å¥ó¡A©Î¬O¸g¥Ñ <ulink url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/"> - FreeBSD FTP ¯¸</ulink> ¤U¸ü¯Â¤å¦r¡B&postscript;¡B©Î PDF ª©¥»ªºÀɮסC - ±z¤]¥i¥H¦b³o¸Ì¨Ï¥Î <ulink - url="&url.base;/search/search.html">·j´M¸ê®Æ</ulink> ªº¥\¯à¡C</para> - </abstract> - </bookinfo> - - <chapter id="introduction"> - <chapterinfo> - <author> - <firstname>Ying-Chieh</firstname> - <surname>Liao</surname> - <affiliation> - <address><email>ijliao@FreeBSD.org</email></address> - </affiliation> - </author> - </chapterinfo> - - <title>«e¨¥¡B¤@¯ë°ÝÃD</title> - 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§â§Úªº¦h«¶}¾÷ºÞ²zû(boot manager)®³±¼¤F¡In«ç»ò±Ï¦^¨Ó©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤U¤TºØ¤è¦¡¤§¤@¡A¨Ó±Ï¦^§Aªº FreeBSD ¦h«¶}¾÷ºÞ²zû(boot manager)¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>¥i¥H±q¦U FreeBSD FTP ¯¸ªº <ulink url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/">/pub/FreeBSD/tools/</ulink> - §ä¨ì <filename>bootinst.exe</filename> ¤Î <filename>boot.bin</filename> ³o¨âÓÀÉ¡A - ¥H binary ¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡¤U¸ü«á¡A½Æ»s¨ìºÏ¤ù¤W¡A¦A¥Î DOS ¶}¾÷¤ù¶}¾÷¡A - ±µµÛ¥´Ãþ¦ü¤U±ªº«ü¥O¡G</para> - - <screen><prompt>></prompt> <userinput>bootinst.exe boot.bin</userinput></screen> - - <para>³o¼Ë¡A¦h«¶}¾÷ºÞ²zû(boot manager)´N·|«¸Ë§¹²¦¤F¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¥Î FreeBSD ¶}¾÷¤ù¶}¾÷¡AµM«á¿ï³æ¨ºÃä¿ï Custom installation(¦Ûq¦w¸Ë)¡A - ¦A¿ï Partition¡A±µµÛ¿ï¾Ü§An¸Ë¦h«¶}¾÷ºÞ²zû(boot manager)ªºµwºÐ(³q±`¬O²Ä¤@Áû)¡A - µM«á·|¥X²{ partition editor ªºµe±¡A³o®É½Ð¤£n°µ¥ô¦ó×§ï¡Aª½±µ«ö W Àx¦s¡A - ³o®Éµ{¦¡´N·|°Ý¬O§_n½T©w Write ¡A³Ì«á¥X²{ Boot Manager ¿ï¾Üµe±¡A - °O±on¿ï <quote>Boot Manager</quote> ¡A³o¼Ë´N·|«·s±N¦h«¶}¾÷ºÞ²zû(boot manager) - ¦w¸Ë¨ìµwºÐ¤W¡C²{¦b¡A´N¤j¥\§i¦¨¥i¥HÂ÷¶}¦w¸Ë¿ï³æ¨Ã«¶}¾÷¤F¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¥Î FreeBSD ¶}¾÷¤ù©Î¬O¶}¾÷¥úºÐ¶}¾÷¡AµM«á¿ï³æ¨ºÃä¿ï <quote>Fixit</quote> - ¡A©Î¬O¥H Fixit ¶}¾÷¤ù©Î¬O¥úºÐ¦w¸Ëªº²Ä¤G¤ù(¿ï¾Ü <quote>live</quote> filesystem - ¿ï¶µ)µM«á´N·|¶i¤J fixit shell ¤F¡A±µµÛ¥´¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para> - - <screen><prompt>Fixit#</prompt> <userinput>fdisk -B -b /boot/boot0 <replaceable>bootdevice</replaceable></userinput></screen> - - <para>½Ð±N¤W±ªº <replaceable>bootdevice</replaceable> קאּ±z¹ê»Úªº¶}¾÷µwºÐ¥N¸¹ - ¤ñ¦p <devicename>ad0</devicename> (²Ä¤@Áû IDE µwºÐ) - ¡A©Î¬O<devicename>ad4</devicename> (first IDE disk on - auxiliary controller), <devicename>da0</devicename> (²Ä¤@Áû - SCSI µwºÐ)µ¥µ¥¡C</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="boot-on-thinkpad"> - <para>IBM Thinkpad A¨t¦C¡BT¨t¦C©Î X¨t¦Cªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¸Ë§¹ FreeBSD ¤§«á«¶}¾÷¡A´N·í¤F¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>(¥»°ÝÃD¥Dn¬Oµo¥Í¦b 2000 ~ 2001 ¥|¤ë¶¡®É)³o¨Ç IBM ¾÷¾¹¤Wªº BIOS ¦´Áª©¥»¦³Ó¯äÂÎ(bug)·|§â - FreeBSD ¤À³Î°Ï»~»{¬°¬O FAT ®æ¦¡¤À³Î°Ï¡AµM«á·í BIOS ¸ÕµÛ°»´ú FreeBSD ¤À³Î°Ï®É¡A´N·|·í¤F¡C</para> - - <para>®Ú¾Ú IBM ¤è±ªº»¡ªk<footnote><para>¤@«Ê¨Ó¦Û Keith - Frechette ªº e-mail <email>kfrechet@us.ibm.com</email>¡C</para></footnote> - ¡A¥H¤U«¬¸¹/BIOSª©¥»ªº¾÷ºØ¡A¤w¸g³£¦³×¥¿¡G</para> - - <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1"> - <tgroup cols="2"> - <thead> - <row> - <entry>«¬¸¹</entry> - <entry>BIOS ª©¥»</entry> - </row> - </thead> - - <tbody> - <row> - <entry>T20</entry> - <entry>IYET49WW(§t¤§«á)</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>T21</entry> - <entry>KZET22WW(§t¤§«á)</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>A20p</entry> - <entry>IVET62WW(§t¤§«á)</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>A20m</entry> - <entry>IWET54WW(§t¤§«á)</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>A21p</entry> - <entry>KYET27WW(§t¤§«á)</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>A21m</entry> - <entry>KXET24WW(§t¤§«á)</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>A21e</entry> - <entry>KUET30WW</entry> - </row> - </tbody> - </tgroup> - </informaltable> - - <para>³o¨Ç«á´Áªº IBM BIOS ×qª©¤j¦h¤w¸g×¥¿¦¹¤@¯äÂΡCJacques Vidrine ¼gµ¹ &a.mobile; ªº - <ulink url="http://docs.FreeBSD.org/cgi/mid.cgi?20010427133759.A71732">³o«Ê«H - </ulink> ¤W±»¡©ú¤FY§A·sªº IBM µ§°O«¬¹q¸£µLªk¶¶§Q¥H FreeBSD ¶}¾÷ªº¸Ñªk¨BÆJ - (°²³]¥i¥H¤É¯Å©Î°¯Å BIOS ª©¥»ªº¸Ü)¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG¾÷¾¹¥Îªº¬O¸û¥j¦ª©¥»ªº BIOS¡A¦Ó¥B¤£¾A¦X§ó·s BIOS ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò¥H¤U§ÚÌ·|¤¶²Ð¼È®É¸Ñªk¡A - ±Ð§A¦p¦ó×§ï FreeBSD ¤À³Î°Ï©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº ID ¡A¨Ã¦w¸Ë¬ÛÃö׸ɵ{¦¡¡C</para> - - <para>First, you will need to restore the machine to a state where - it can get through its self-test screen. Doing this requires - powering up the machine without letting it find a FreeBSD - partition on its primary disk. One way is to remove the hard disk - and temporarily move it to an older ThinkPad (such as a ThinkPad - 600) or a desktop PC with an appropriate conversion cable. Once - it is there, you can delete the FreeBSD partition and move the hard - disk back. The ThinkPad should now be in a bootable state - again.</para> - - <para>With the machine functional again, you can use the workaround - procedure described here to get a working FreeBSD - installation.</para> - - <procedure> - <step> - <para>±q <ulink url="http://people.FreeBSD.org/~bmah/ThinkPad/"></ulink> - ¨Ó¤U¸ü <filename>boot1</filename> ¤Î <filename>boot2</filename> ³o¨âÓÀÉ¡C - §â³o¨âÓÀɮשñ¦bºÏ¤ù¡B¥úºÐ©Î¨ä¥LµwºÐ¤W¡C</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>¥H¤@¯ë¦w¸Ë FreeBSD ¸Ë¨ì ThinkPad ¤W¡A°O±o - <emphasis>¡y¤£n¥Î¡z</emphasis> <literal>Dangerously - Dedicated</literal> ¼Ò¦¡¡C ¦¹¥~¡A<emphasis>¡y¤£n¡z</emphasis> - ¦b§¹¦¨¦w¸Ë¤§«á´N«¶}¾÷¡C</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>¶i¤J shell¡G(«ö <keycombo action="simul"><keycap>ALT</keycap><keycap>F4</keycap></keycombo>) - ¤Á´«¨ì<quote>Emergency Holographic Shell</quote> ©Î¬O¿ï³æ¤W±¿ï¾Ü - <quote>fixit</quote> shell¡C</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>¥Î &man.fdisk.8; §â FreeBSD ¤À³Î°Ï ID ¥Ñ <literal>165</literal> §ï¬° - <literal>166</literal>(OpenBSD©Ò¨Ï¥ÎªºID)¡C</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>§âèè´£ªº <filename>boot1</filename> ¸ò - <filename>boot2</filename> ³o¨âÓÀɮשñ¨ì¥Ø«eªºµwºÐÀɮרt²Î¤W¡C</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>¥H &man.disklabel.8; §â <filename>boot1</filename> ¤Î - <filename>boot2</filename> ¦s¨ì§Aªº FreeBSD slice ¤W±¡C</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -B -b boot1 -s boot2 ad0s<replaceable>n</replaceable></userinput></screen> - - <para><replaceable>¡un¡v</replaceable> ¬O§A¸Ë FreeBSD ªº slice¡A - ½Ð±N <replaceable>¡un¡v</replaceable> §ï¬°²Å¦X§A¨t²Î²{ªpªº slice¡C</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>«¶}¾÷¡A¦b boot prompt ·|¬Ý¨ì¦³ <literal>OpenBSD</literal> ªº¿ï¶µ¡A - ¿ï¥¦¡A³o¼Ë´N·|¥H FreeBSD ¶}¾÷¡C</para> - </step> - </procedure> - - <para>¥t¥~¡A¦Ü©ó¦p¦óÅý OpenBSD ¤Î FreeBSD ¨Ã¦s¦b¦P¤@¥x IBM ThinkPad ¤W... - ³oÓ°ÝÃD´N¥æµ¹¦U¦ì¬Ý¾Ì¥h¹Á¸Õ¤F :p</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="install-bad-blocks"> - <para>¦³ÃayªºµwºÐ¥i¥H®³¨Ó¸Ë FreeBSD ¹À¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>(¦pªG«Ü°í«ùªº¸Ü)¤]¬O¥i¥H¡A¤£¹L³o·QªkÅãµM¤£¤Ó©ú´¼¡C:(</para> - - <para>¦pªG¦b¤@¯ë¸û·sªº IDE µwºÐ¤W¬Ý¨ì¦³Ãay¡A«Ü¦³¥i¯à¥Nªí¡G³oÁûµwºÐ§Y±N±¾ÂI¤F¡C - (¦]¬°¥Ø«e©Ò¦³¸û·sªº IDE µwºÐ¡A¤º³¡³£¦³¦Û°Ê remapping Ãayªº¯à¤O¡C - ¦pªG¬Ý¨ì¦³Ãay¡A«hªí¥Ü¥¦¤º³¡¦Û°Ê remapping ¥\¯à¥¢®Ä¡AµLªk³B²zÃay¡A - ¤]´N¬O»¡³oÁûµwºÐ¤w¸g¬OÄY«·lÃaµ{«×¤F¡C)§ÚÌ«ØÄ³¶RÁû·sµwºÐ¤ñ¸û°®¯Ü¨Çò¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG¬O SCSI µwºÐ¦³Ãayªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¸ÕµÛ°Ñ¦Ò³oÓ - <link linkend="awre">¸Ñªk</link>¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="boot-floppy-strangeness"> - <para>¥Î¦w¸ËºÏ¤ù¶}¾÷®É¡A«o¦³¨Ç©Ç²{¶Hµo¥Í¡I³o¬O¤°»ò±¡ªp©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Y¬Ý¨ì¤@¨Ç©Ç²§²{¶H¡A¹³¬O¶}¾÷¤ù¶}¾÷¶}¨ì¤@¥b´N·í¤F¡AºÏºÐ¾÷§¹¥þ¨S¥ô¦ó°Ê§@¡B - ©Î¬O¤£Â_¤ÏÂЫ¶}¾÷¡A½Ð¥ýÀˬd¥H¤U´XÓ½u¯Á¡G</para> - - <orderedlist> - <listitem> - <para>½Ð½T©w¬O§_¬°¥þ·s¡B¨S¦³ºÏy¿ù»~ªººÏ¤ù¡H - (³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î·s¶Rªº¡A¦Ó«DÂø»x¡B®Ñ¥»ªþÃØªº¡A¬Æ¦ÜÁÙ©ñ¦b§É©³¤U¤T¦~¤F...=_="")</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>½Ð½T©w¬O§_¦³¥Î binary(©Îimage)¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡¨Ó¤U¸ü image ÀÉ¡H - (¤£¥Îı±o¤£¦n·N«ä¡A§Y¨Ï¬O§Ṳ́]´¿·N¥~¥H ASCII ¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡¨Ó¤U¸ü binary ÀɮסI)</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Y§A¬O &windows; 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¾÷¾¹¤W³Ì¦h¥i¤ä´©¨ì 4 GB(gigabytes)¡C - ¦Ó¦Û &os; 4.9 ¤Î 5.1 ¥i¥H¶}©l¨Ï¥Î &man.pae.4; ¨Ó¤ä´©§ó¦hªº°O¾ÐÅé¡C - ¦³Ãö³oÂI¡A»Ýn¦b kernel ³]©wÀɤº¥[¤J¤U¦C¤º®e¨Ã«·s½sĶ kernel¡A¤~¯à¨Ï¥Î PAE¡C</para> - - <programlisting>options PAE</programlisting> - - <para>&os; ¦b pc98 ¾÷¾¹¤W³Ì¦h«h¥u¤ä´© 4 GB ¡A¦Ó¥B¤£¯à¨Ï¥Î PAE¡C - ¦b Alpha ¾÷¾¹¤W¡A°O¾ÐÅé¨î¤è±nµø©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº«¬¸¹¤ä´©µ{«×¦Ó©w¡A³oÂI½Ð°Ñ¾\ - ©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº Alpha µwÅé³W®æªí¡C¦Ü©ó¨ä¥L¬[ºcªº &os; ²z½×¤W³Ì¦h¥i¨Ï¥Îªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A¦³¸û¦hªº¨î¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ffs-limits"> - <para>Àɮרt²Î³Ì¤j¨î¬°¦h¤Ö¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>´NÀɮרt²Î¤è±¡A²z½×¤Wªº¨î¬O³Ì¦h¨ì 8TB(2G blocks)¡A - ©Î¬O¨Ï¥Î¤º©w 8K block ¤j¤p®É¡A¨î¬O 16TB¡C - ¹ê»Ú¤W¡A¥Ø«e³nÅé¨Ï¥Î¤W¨î¥u¯à¥Î¨ì 1 TB¡A - µM¦Ó¦pªG¬O¦³¥t¦æ§ï³y¹LÀɮרt²Î¡A¨º»ò¹F¨ì 4TB ªº¥Ø¼Ð¬O¥i¦æªº - (¤]¦³¤H¦¨¥\¹L)¡C</para> - - <para>³æ¤@Àɮתº¤j¤p¤è±¡A°²¦p block ¥H 4K §@³W¹ºªº¸Ü¡A - «h³Ì¤j¬OÁͪñ 1G blocks(4TB)¡C</para> - - <table> - <title>Àɮפj¤pªº³Ì¤j¨î</title> - - <tgroup cols="3"> - <thead> - <row> - <entry>Àɮרt²Î block ¤j¤p</entry> - - <entry>works</entry> - - <entry>should work</entry> - </row> - </thead> - - <tbody> - <row> - <entry>4K</entry> - - <entry>4T-1</entry> - - <entry>>4T</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>8K</entry> - - <entry>>32G</entry> - - <entry>32T-1</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>16K</entry> - - <entry>>128G</entry> - - <entry>32T-1</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>32K</entry> - - <entry>>512G</entry> - - <entry>64T-1</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>64K</entry> - - <entry>>2048G</entry> - - <entry>128T-1</entry> - </row> - </tbody> - </tgroup> - </table> - - <para>When the fs block size is 4K, triple indirect blocks work - and everything should be limited by the maximum fs block number - that can be represented using triple indirect blocks (approx. - 1K^3 + 1K^2 + 1K), but everything is limited by a (wrong) limit - of 1G-1 on fs block numbers. The limit on fs block numbers - should be 2G-1. There are some bugs for fs block numbers near - 2G-1, but such block numbers are unreachable when the fs block - size is 4K.</para> - - <para>block ¤j¤p¦pªG¬O 8K ©Î§ó¤j¡AÀɮרt²Î block ¼Æ¥Ø·|³Q¨î¦b 2G-1 - ¡A¦ý¹ê»Ú¤WÀ³¸Ó»¡¨î¬O 1G-1 ¤~¹ï¡A¦]¬°±Ä¥Î 2G-1 block ªºÀɮרt²Î·|¾ÉP¤@¨Ç°ÝÃD¡C - </para> - - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="archsw-readin-failed-error"> - <para>¬°¦ó¦b±Ò°Ê·sªº kernel ®É¡A¬Ý¨ì - <errorname>archsw.readin.failed</errorname> ¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>ì¦]¥X¦b§Aªº world ¥H¤Î kernel ¨Ã¤£¦P¨B¡AÁ|¨Ò¡Gkernel ¥Î 4.11¡A - ¦Ó world «o¬O 4.8¡A³o¼Ë¬O·|¦³°ÝÃDªº¡C - ½Ð¦A¦¸½T»{¡A¬O§_¦³¥H <command>make buildworld</command> ¤Î - <command>make buildkernel</command> ¨Ó¥¿±`§ó·s kernel¡C</para> - - <para>¦b±Ò°Ê loader ¤§«e¡A·|¬Ý¨ì "|" ³oӲŸ¹¦bÂà°Ê¡A³o®É¥i¥H«ö¥ô¦óÁ䤤Â_¡A - µM«á¦A«ü©wn¸ü¤JþÓ kernel ¨Ó¶}¾÷¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="security-profiles"> - <para><quote>security profiles</quote> ¬O«ü¤°»ò¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>A <quote>security profile</quote> is a set of configuration - options that attempts to achieve the desired ratio of security - to convenience by enabling and disabling certain programs and - other settings. For full details, see the <ulink - url="&url.books.handbook;/install-post.html#SECURITYPROFILE">Security - Profile</ulink> section of the Handbook's <ulink - url="&url.books.handbook;/install-post.html">post-install - chapter</ulink>.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="boot-acpi"> - <para>¦b¶}¾÷®É¡A¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Î ACPI «h¦b¦w¸Ë¹Lµ{´N±¾¤F¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¸Õ¸Õ¬ÝÃö³¬ ACPI support¡C ·í¦b¸ü¤J bootloader®É¡A«ö¤UªÅ¥ÕÁä¡C - ¨t²Î·|Åã¥Ü <screen>OK</screen> ³o®É¿é¤J - <screen><userinput>unset acpi_load</userinput></screen> ±µµÛ¥´ - <screen><userinput>boot</userinput></screen> - ¥HÄ~Äò¶}¾÷¡A³o¼Ë¤lÀ³¸Ó´N¥i¥H¤F¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - </qandaset> - </chapter> - - <chapter - id="hardware"> - <title>µwÅé¤ä´©¤è±</title> - - <sect1 id="compatibility-general"> - <title>¤@¯ë°ÝÃD</title> - - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question id="which-hardware-to-get"> - <para>§Ú·Q²Õ¸Ë¦Û¤vªº FreeBSD ¾÷¾¹¡A¦³þ¨Ç«¬¸¹¡B«~µP¡B³W®æ¬O¤ä´©µ{«×³Ì¦nªº©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦³Ãö³oÂI¡A¦b FreeBSD °Q½×°Ï¤W®É±`¦³¤H°Q½×¡CÁöµMµwÅé¨O´«³t«×«Ü§Ö¡A - ¥i¯àÀH®É¦³·s³W®æ¡B·s²£«~¥X²{¡AµM¦Ó³o¨Ç³£¦b§ÚÌ·N®Æ¤§¤¤¡A - §ÚÌ <emphasis>¤´µM</emphasis> ±j¯P«ØÄ³¡G¦b¸ß°Ý¦³Ãö³Ì·s³W®æµwÅ骺¤ä´©°ÝÃD¤§«e¡A - ½Ð¥ý°Ñ¾\ &os; - <ulink url="&rel.current.hardware;">&rel.current;</ulink> - ©Î - <ulink url="&rel2.current.hardware;">&rel2.current;</ulink>ªº¤ä´©µwÅé¦Cªí¡A - ©Î¬O·j´M<ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/#mailinglists">°Q½×°ÏªºÂ¤峹</ulink>¡A - ¤]³\¡A¤W¶g¤~è«ê¥©¦³¤H°Q½×¹L§A©Òn°ÝªºµwÅé¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªGn§ä¦³Ãöµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤è±¡A½Ð¨ì FreeBSD-mobile µ§°O«¬¹q¸£°Q½×°Ï¡C - ¤£µM¡A´N¨ì FreeBSD-questions °Q½×°Ï¡A©Î¬O¯S©wµwÅé³W®æ(¤ñ¦p pc98, Alpha)ªº±MÄݰQ½×°Ï§a¡C - </para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - </qandaset> - </sect1> - - <sect1 id="compatibility-processors"> - <title>µwÅé¬[ºc¤Î CPU</title> - - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question id="architectures"> - <para>FreeBSD ¦³¤ä´© x86 ¤§¥~ªºµwÅé¬[ºc¥¥x¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - - <para>¦³ªº¡AFreeBSD ¥Ø«e¥i¥H¦b Intel x86 and DEC - (²{¦bªº HP-Compaq) Alpha ¬[ºc¤W±¹B§@¡C¦Û FreeBSD 5.0 ¤§«áªºª©¥»¡A«h - ¥i¤ä´© AMD64 ¤Î Intel EM64T, IA-64 ¥H¤Î &sparc64; ¬[ºc¡C - ¥¼¨Ó¥¥x¤ä´©¤WÁÙ·|¦³ &mips; ¤Î - &powerpc;¡A²Ó¸`½Ð¤À§O°Ñ¾\ &a.mips; ©Î &a.ppc;¡C - ¤@¯ë¦Ó¨¥¡A·sªºµwÅé¬[ºc¥¥x¤è±¡A³£¬O¨ì &a.platforms; °Q½×¡C</para> - - <para>Y§A¾÷¾¹¤£¬O¥H¤W¬[ºc©Î¬O¤ñ¸û©_¯Sªº¡A¦Ó·Q¥ß¨è¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý BSD ªºÅ]¤O¡A - §ÚÌ«ØÄ³§A¥i¥H¦Ò¼{¨Ï¥Î <ulink - url="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</ulink> ©Î <ulink - url="http://www.openbsd.org/">OpenBSD</ulink>¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="smp-support"> - <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© CPU ¹ïºÙ¦h¤u³B²z(SMP, Symmetric Multiprocessing)¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦³ªº¡C SMP ¦b &os; 5.2 ¹w³]ªº kernel(<emphasis>GENERIC</emphasis>)¤w¦³±Ò°Ê¡C - </para> - - <para>¦b &os; 5.3 n release ®É¡ASMP¬ÛÃö³]©w¤]¬O¹w³]´N¦³±Ò°Ê¡C - µM¦Ó¡A¦b¤@¨Ç¸û·s«¬ªº¾÷¾¹(¹³¬O emt64)¤W«o¤S¦³¨Ç°ÝÃD¡A - ©Ò¥HÁÙ¬O¨M©w¦b¬ÛÃö°ÝÃD¡B¦w¥þijÃD¥¼Àò¸Ñ¨M«e¡A¥ýÃö³¬ SMP ªº¬ÛÃö±Ò°Ê¡C - ³oÂI¡A¥¿¬O &os; 5.4 ©ÒÀu¥ý¦Ò¼{ªº¤è¦V¡C</para> - - <para>&os; 4.X ªº¸Ü¡A¹w³]ªº kernel ¨Ã¨S¦³±Ò°Ê SMP¡A - ¦]¦¹¡A¥²¶·n§â options SMP ¥[¤J kernel ³]©wÀɨë·s½sͤ~¯à±Ò°Ê¡C - ¦Ü©óÁÙ¦³þ¨Ç¬ÛÃö³]©wn©ñ¤J kernel ³]©wÀÉ¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\<filename>/sys/i386/conf/LINT</filename>¡C - </para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - </qandaset> - </sect1> - - <sect1 id="compatibility-drives"> - <title>µwºÐ¡BºÏ±a¾÷¥H¤Î¥úºÐ¡BDVD¡B¿N¿ý¾÷</title> - - <qandaset> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="supported-hard-drives"> - <para>FreeBSD ¥i¤ä´©þ¨ÇºØÃþªºµwºÐ©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FreeBSD ³£¤ä´© EIDE ¤Î SCSI ¤¶±ªºµwºÐ(¥H¤Î SCSI ¥d¡A½Ð¬Ý¤U¤@¸`»¡©ú) - ¥H¤Î <quote>Western Digital</quote> ¤¶±ªºµwºÐ (MFM¡B RLL¡B - ESDI¡A·íµM¥]§t IDE)¡A¤£¹L¦³¤@¨Ç¤Ö¼Æªº ESDI ´¹¤ù²Õªº(«¬¸¹¡GWD1002/3/6/7) - ¥i¯àµLªk¥¿±`¹B§@¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="supported-scsi-controllers"> - <para>¤ä´©þ¨Ç SCSI ¥d¡B³]³Æ©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>½Ð°Ñ¾\ &os; ªºµwÅé¤ä´©ªí( - <ulink url="&rel.current.hardware;">&rel.current;</ulink> ©Î - <ulink url="&rel2.current.hardware;">&rel2.current;</ulink>)</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="tape-support"> - <para>¤ä´©þ¨ÇºÏ±a¾÷©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - - <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© SCSI ¤Î QIC-36 (QIC-02 ¤¶±) ³W®æªººÏ±a¾÷¡C - ¦P®É¥]§t¤F 8-mm (¤]´N¬O Exabyte) ¤Î DAT ºÏ±a¾÷¡C</para> - - <para>¦³¨Ç¦´Áª©¥»ªº 8-mm ºÏ±a¾÷¨Ã¤£¬O§¹¥þ¬Û®e©ó SCSI-2 ³W®æ¡A - ©Ò¥H¥i¯à¦b FreeBSD ¤Wªí²{¤£¬O«Ü¦n¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="tape-changer-support"> - <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©ºÏ±a¦Û°Ê´«±a¾÷¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FreeBSD ¥i¥H¥Î &man.ch.4; ¤W±©Ò¦Cªº¾÷ºØ¡A·f°t &man.chio.1; «ü¥O¡A - ¨Ó¨Ï¥Î SCSI ºØÃþªº¦Û°Ê´«±a¾÷¡A²Ó¸`³¡¤À½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.chio.1; »¡©ú¡C</para> - - <para>If you are not using <application>AMANDA</application> - or some other product that already understands changers, - remember that they only know how to move a tape from one - point to another, so you need to keep track of which slot a - tape is in, and which slot the tape currently in the drive - needs to go back to.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="supported-cdrom-drives"> - <para>FreeBSD ¥i¤ä´©þ¨ÇºØÃþªº¥úºÐ¾÷©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¥un¬O¦³¤ä´©ªº SCSI ¥d¤W©Ò±µªº¥ô¤@ SCSI ¥úºÐ¾÷³£¦³¤ä´©¡C</para> - - <para>¦¹¥~¡A¤]¤ä´©¤U¦Cªº¥úºÐ¾÷¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>Mitsumi LU002 (8bit), LU005 (16bit) ¤Î FX001D - (16bit 2x Speed)</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Sony CDU 31/33A</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Sound Blaster «D SCSI ¤¶±ªº¥úºÐ¾÷</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Matsushita/Panasonic ¥úºÐ¾÷</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¬Û®e ATAPI ³W®æªº IDE CDROMs</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - - <para>¬Û¹ï©ó SCSI ¾÷ºØ¦Ó¨¥¡A¨ä¥L«D SCSI ªº¥úºÐ¾÷³£¬O¤ñ¸ûºC¡A - ¦¹¥~¡A¦³¨Ç ATAPI ºØÃþªº¥úºÐ¾÷¥i¯àµLªk¶¶§Q¹B§@</para> - - <para>Daemon News ¥H¤Î FreeBSD Mall ©Òµo¦æªº¥¿¦¡ FreeBSD ¥úºÐ¥H¤Î¿N¿ý¥Îªº¼v¹³ÀÉ(ISO)¡A - ³£¥i¥Hª½±µ¥Î©ó¶}¾÷¥úºÐ¨Ï¥Î¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="supported-cdrw-drives"> - <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©þ¨Ç¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾÷ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©¥ô¦ó¬Û®e ATAPI ¼Ð·Çªº IDE CD-R ©Î CD-RW ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾÷¡A - ²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.burncd.8; »¡©ú¡C</para> - - <para>FreeBSD ¤]¤ä´©¥ô¦ó SCSI CD-R ©Î CD-RW ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾÷¡C - ½Ð¥Î port ©Î packag ¾÷¨î¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡B¨Ï¥Î <command>cdrecord</command> ¡A - ¨Ã½T©w±zªº kernel ¤º¦³±N <devicename>pass</devicename>³]³Æ¤@¨Ö½sͦb¤º¡C - (¹w³]ªº kernel.GENERIC ³£·|¦³ device pass ³o¬q)</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="zip-support"> - <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© Iomega &iomegazip; ¶Ü?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©¥~±µ¦¡ªº SCSI ¤Î ATAPI(IDE) ¤¶±ªº Iomega &iomegazip;¡C - ¤£¹L SCSI ZIP ¥u¯à³Q³]¬° SCSI ID 5 ©Î¬O 6 ¤~¥i¥H¹B§@¡A¦ý¦pªG - SCSI ¥d¤Wªº BIOS ¤ä´©¥¦¡A§A¬Æ¦Ü¥i¥H¥Î¥¦¨Ó¶}¾÷¡C - §Ṳ́£¾å±oþ¤@¶ô¥d¥i¥H§â¥dªº ID ³]¦b°£¤F 0 ©Î 1 ¥H¥~ªº¦a¤è¦Ó¶}¾÷¦¨¥\¡A - ¦]¦¹¡A¦pªG·Q§ï SCSI ID ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°È¥²°Ñ¾\¸Ó«¬¸¹ªº»¡©ú¤â¥U¡C</para> - - <para>FreeBSD ¦P®É¤]¤ä´© Parallel Port ZipºÏºÐ¾÷¡C½ÐÀˬd kernel - ³]©wÀɬO§_¦³¡G - <devicename>scbus0</devicename>¡B - <devicename>da0</devicename>¡B - <devicename>ppbus0</devicename>¡A¥H¤Î - <devicename>vp0</devicename> ³o¨ÇÅX°Êµ{¦¡ (¹w³]ªº GENERIC kernel - °£¤F <devicename>vp0</devicename> ¨S¥]¶i¥h¡A¨ä¥L¤TªÌ³£·|¦³)¡C - ¥[¤F³o´XÓÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤§«á¡AParallel Port Zip ´N·|¦¨¬° - <devicename>/dev/da0s4</devicename>¡C</para> - - <para>³o®É¡A´N¥i¥H¥Î¹³¬O <command>mount /dev/da0s4 /mnt</command> ©Î - (DOS Àɮרt²Î)<command>mount_msdos /dev/da0s4 /mnt</command> - ¤§Ãþªº«ü¥O¨Ó±¾¸ü¡BŪ¼g¡C</para> - - <para>¤]¥i¥H°Ñ¾\¤U±¦³Ãö<link linkend="media-change">ÀH¨ºÏ¤ù - </link>³¡¤À¡A¥H¤Î<link - linkend="removable-drives">©â¨úºÐ¡BÀH¨ºÐªº¡y®æ¦¡¤Æ¡z°Q½×</link> - ªº³¡¤À</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="jaz-zip-removable-support"> - <para>FreeBSD ¦³¤ä´© &jaz;¡BEZ ¤Î¨ä¥LÃþ¦üªºÀH¨ºÏ¤ù¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¥i¥H°Ú¡A°£¤F IDE ªº EZ drive ¥~¡A¨ä¥LªºÀ³¸Ó³£¬O SCSI ¤¶±¡A - ©Ò¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤W³£·|¥H SCSI µwºÐ¨Ó³B²z¡C</para> - - <para>·íµM¡A§A¥²¶·½T©w¦b¶}¾÷®É¡A³o¨Ç³]³Æªº¹q·½¬O¥´¶}ªº¡A - ¥H«KÅý FreeBSD ¥i¥H°»´ú¨ì¡C</para> - - <para><anchor id="media-change"/>¦pªG¦bºÏºÐ¹B¤¤ª¬ºA¤¤¡An§ó´«ºÏ¤ùªº¸Ü¡A - °O±o¥ý¬Ý¤@¤U &man.mount.8;¡B&man.umount.8;¡B - ¥H¤Î(SCSIªº¸Ü)&man.camcontrol.8; ©Î &man.atacontrol.8; ÁÙ¦³ FAQ «á±¦³Ãö - <link linkend="removable-drives">¨Ï¥Î©â¨úºÐ¡BÀH¨ºÐªº°Q½× - </link>¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - </qandaset> - - </sect1> - - <sect1 id="compatibility-kbd-mice"> - <title>Áä½L¡B·Æ¹«</title> - - <qandaset> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="usbkbd"> - <para>FreeBSD ¦³¤ä´© USB Áä½L¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FreeBSD (¤×¨ä¬O¦³¤ä´© USB keyboards¡C Enable USB support in - <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para> - - <para>Y¦³¶} USB Áä½L¤ä´©¦Ó¥B¦P®É±µ¤W AT ¸ò USB Áä½Lªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò AT Áä½L·|Åܦ¨ - <devicename>/dev/kbd0</devicename>¡A¦Ó USB Áä½L«h¬O - <devicename>/dev/kbd1</devicename>¡C¦pªG¥u±µ USB Áä½L¡A¨º»ò¥¦´N¬O - <devicename>/dev/ukbd0</devicename> Åo¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG·Q¦b console ¤W¨Ï¥Î USB Áä½Lªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò¥²¶·³]©w console «ü©w¥Î USB Áä½L¡C - ¥i¥H¦b¨t²Î¶}¾÷µ{§Ç®É¡A¥[¤W¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kbdcontrol -k /dev/kbd1 < /dev/ttyv0 > /dev/null</userinput></screen> - - <para>ª`·N¡GY¥u¦³ USB Áä½Lªº¸Ü¡A¤]´N¬O <devicename>/dev/ukbd0</devicename>¡A - ¨º»ò½Ð§ï¥Î¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kbdcontrol -k /dev/ukbd0 < /dev/ttyv0 > /dev/null</userinput></screen> - - <para>«ØÄ³¡G¥i¥H§â¤Wz«ü¥O©ñ¤J <filename>/etc/rc.i386</filename> ¡C</para> - - <para>³]©w¦¨¥\¤§«á¡AUSB Áä½L¤£¥Î§@¥ô¦ó¯S§O³]©w¡A´N¥i¥H¦b X µøµ¡Àô¹Ò¤W¥¿±`¹B§@Åo¡C</para> - - <para>USB Áä½Lªº¼ö´¡©Þ(Hot-plugging and unplugging)¦b &os; ¥i¯àÁÙµLªk§¹¥þ¥¿±`¹B§@¡A - «ØÄ³¡G¦b¨t²Î¶}¾÷«e´N¥ý±µ¤WÁä½L¡Aª½¨ìÃö¾÷¬°¤î¡A¥HÁ×§K¤£¥²nªº§xÂZ¡C</para> - - <para>¬ÛÃö²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.ukbd.4; ªº»¡©ú¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="busmouse"> - <para>¥j¦ªº bus ·Æ¹«¡An«ç»ò³]©w©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©¤@¨Ç¼t°Ó(¹³¬O¡GMicrosoft¡BLogitech¡BATI)©Ò°µªº bus ¤Î InPort bus ¤¶±ªº·Æ¹«¡C - µM¦Ó¡A¹w³]ªº kernel(GENERIC)¤w¸g¤£¤º§t¥¦ÌªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C - ¦]¦¹¡An¥[¤J¤U¦C¨ì kernel ³]©wÀɨë·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë¡A¤~¯à±Ò¥Î¡G</para> - - <programlisting>device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c irq5</programlisting> - - <para>Bus ·Æ¹«³q±`n·f°t±M¥Îªº¤¶±¥d¤~¯à¨Ï¥Î¡C - ³o¨Ç¥d¥i¥H³]©w port address ¤Î IRQ È¡A³o¨Ç²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\§Aªº·Æ¹«»¡©ú¤â¥U¤Î - &man.mse.4; »¡©ú¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ps2mouse"> - <para>PS/2 (<quote>mouse port</quote> ©Î - <quote>keyboard</quote>)ªº·Æ¹«n«ç»ò³]©w¤~¦n©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>PS/2 ·Æ¹«³£¦³¤ä´©¡A©Ò»Ýn¥Î¨ìªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡ <devicename>psm</devicename> - ¦b¹w³]ªº kernel(GENERIC)¤w¦³¤º§t¤F¡C</para> - - <para>Y§A¦Ûqªº kernel ¤ºº|¤F psm ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò´N¦A§â¤U¦C¤º®e¥[¨ì kernel - ³]©wÀɨë·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë¡G</para> - - <programlisting>device psm0 at atkbdc? irq 12</programlisting> - - <para>·í¶}¾÷®É kernel ¦³¥¿½T°»´ú¨ì <devicename>psm0</devicename> - ¡A½Ð°È¥²½T»{¦b <filename>/dev</filename> ¤º¦³ - <devicename>psm0</devicename> ¡C - ¦pªG¨S¦³ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò´N¥Î <username>root</username> ¨Ó¥´¤U¦C«ü¥O¨Ó«Ø¥ß§a¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev; sh MAKEDEV psm0</userinput></screen> - - <note> - <para>¦pªG¬O &os; 5.0-RELEASE(§t¤§«áª©¥»)ªº¸Ü¡A¦]¬°±Ä¥Î &man.devfs.5; ¾÷¨îªº¦]¯À¡A - ©Ò¥H·|¦Û°Ê¦b <filename>/dev</filename> ¤U«Ø¥ß¬ÛÃö³]³Æªº¸`ÂI¡A¦]¦¹´N¥i¥H²¤¹L¤W±³o¤@¨B¡C</para> - </note> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="moused"> - <para>¦pªG¤£¥Î X Window Àô¹Òªº¸Ü¡A¤]¥i¥H¥Î·Æ¹«¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Y¨Ï¥Î console ªº¹w³]ÅX°Êµ{¦¡(¤]´N¬O &man.syscons.4;)¡A - ¨º»ò´N¥i¥H¦b¤å¦r¤¶±ªº console ¤W±¥Î·Æ¹«¨Ó°Å¶K¤å¦r¤F¡C - ¨º»òn±Ò°Ê &man.moused.8; ¨Ã¶}±Ò´å¼ÐÅã¥Ü¡A - ½Ð¥´¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>moused -p /dev/<replaceable>xxxx</replaceable> -t <replaceable>yyyy</replaceable></userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>vidcontrol -m on</userinput></screen> - - <para>¨ä¤¤¡y<replaceable>xxxx</replaceable>¡z¬O·Æ¹«ªº³]³Æ¦WºÙ¡A¦Ó - ¡y<replaceable>yyyy</replaceable>¡z«h¬O·Æ¹«©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº protocol ºØÃþ¡C - ¥Ø«eªº moused ¥i¥H¦Û°Ê°»´ú(°£¤F¦¡ªº serial - ·Æ¹«¤§¥~)¤j¦h¼Æ·Æ¹«©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº protocol ºØÃþ¡A¦Ó¤£¥Î¨è·N¥h«ü©w¡C - ¡yprotocol ºØÃþ¡z³]©w¥Î - <literal>auto</literal> ´N·|¦Û°Ê°»´ú¤F¡CY¦Û°Ê°»´ú¥¢±Ñªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.moused.8; - ¸Ì±ªº type ¨º¬q»¡©ú¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG¥Îªº¬O PS/2 ·Æ¹«¡A¥un§â - <literal>moused_enable="YES"</literal> ¥[¨ì - <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¡A³o¼Ë¨C¦¸¶}¾÷´N·|¦Û°Ê±Ò°Ê¤F¡C - ¦¹¥~¡A¦pªGn¦b©Ò¦³ virtual terminals ¤W¤]¯à¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡A - ¦Ó¤£©w¥u¦³ console ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò½Ð¦A§â - <literal>allscreens_flags="-m on"</literal> ¥[¨ì <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¸Ì±§Y¥i¡C</para> - - <para>moused ¦b°õ¦æ¤¤ªº®ÉÔ¡A¦pªGn¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¬ÛÃö¥\¯à¡A³£¥²¶·³z¹L moused - ©Î¨ä¥Lµ{¦¡¹³¬O X µøµ¡¨Ó¶i¦æ¡C½Ð°Ñ¾\ FAQ ¤¤¦³Ãö<link - linkend="x-and-moused">¡y¬°¤°»ò¤£¯à¦b X µøµ¡¸Ì¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡H¡z</link>¥HÁA¸Ñ¬ÛÃö²Ó¸`¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="text-mode-cut-paste"> - <para>¦b¤å¦r¼Ò¦¡ªº console Àô¹Òn«ç»ò¥Î·Æ¹«¨Ó°Å¶K¤å¦r©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>·í°õ¦æ moused «á¡A(°Ñ¾\<link linkend="moused">«e¤@¸`</link>) - «ö¦í¥ªÁä¡A±µµÛ²¾°Ê·Æ¹«¨Ó¿ï¾Ü¤@Ӱϰ줧«á©ñ¶}¡A³o¼Ë´N§¹¦¨¡y½Æ»s¡z¡C - n¡y¶K¤W¡zªº¸Ü¡A«ö·Æ¹«¤¤Áä´N¥i¥H¤F¡C - n¡y©µ¦ù¿ï¨ú°Ï¡zªº¸Ü¡A«ö·Æ¹«¥kÁä</para> - - - <para>¦pªG§Aªº·Æ¹«¨S¦³¤¤Áä¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î¼ÒÀÀªº¤è¦¡¡A©Î¬O«·s©w¸q·Æ¹««öÁ䪺¤è¦¡¡A - ¨Ó¹F¦¨¡u©µ¦ù¡vªº¥\¯à¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.moused.8; »¡©ú¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="mouse-wheel-buttons"> - <para>§Ú·Æ¹«¤W±ªººu½ü¡Bºu½ü«ö¶s¡A¥i¥H¦b console ¤W¨Ï¥Î¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>³oÓµª®×¹À...¡A«Ü¤£©¯¦a¡A¦b¤j¦h¼Æªº±¡ªp¤U¤£¦æ¡C - ³o¨Ç¦³ºu½üªº·Æ¹«»Ýn¥Î¯S®íÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤~¦æ¡A - °£«D¡A·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡©Î¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦Û¤vªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¦³¤ä´©¡A - ¤£µM¡A³o¨Ç·Æ¹«¥u¯à°÷·í¦¨¬O´¶³qªº¨âÁä©Î¤TÁ䪺·Æ¹«¨Ó¥Î¦Ó¤w¡C - </para> - - <para>¦pªGn¦b X µøµ¡Àô¹Ò¤W¨Ï¥Îºu½üªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ - <link linkend="x-and-wheel"> X µøµ¡¤Wªººu½ü¨Ï¥Î - </link>»¡©ú¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="laptop-mouse-trackball"> - <para>n«ç»ò¦bµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤W¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡By¸ñ²y¡BIJ±±ªO©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>½Ð°Ñ¾\<link linkend="ps2mouse">«e±ªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«ªº°Ýµª - </link>¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - </qandaset> - - </sect1> - - <sect1 id="compatibility-networking"> - <title>ºô¸ô¸ò serial ³]³Æ</title> - - <qandaset> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="network-cards"> - <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©þ¨Çºô¸ô¥d©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &os; ¦Uª©¥»ªºµwÅé¤ä´©¦Cªí¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="internal-plugnplay-modem"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò FreeBSD §ä¤£¨ì PnP(ÀH´¡ÀH¥Î¡APlug & Play)³W®æªº modem?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>ì¦]¦b©ó¡G»Ýn§â modem ªº PnP ID ¥[¨ì serial ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº PnP ID ªí¡A§@ªk¦p¤U¡G</para> - <orderedlist> - <listitem> - <para>º¥ý¡A¦b kernel ³]©wÀɤº¥[¤J <literal>controller pnp0</literal>¡A - ¨Ã«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë kernel¡A³Ì«á«¶}¾÷´N·|±Ò°Ê PnP ¤ä´©¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>µM«á¡Akernel ·|§â°»´ú¨ì©Ò¦³³]³Æ¤Wªº PnP ID ³£¦C¥X¡C - ³o®É¡A×§ï <filename>/usr/src/sys/isa/sio.c</filename>(¤j¬ù²Ä752¦æ¥ª¥kªº¦a¤è)¡A - ¥i¥H·j´M <literal>SUP1310</literal> ·íÃöÁä¦r(¦ì©ó <literal>sio_ids[]</literal> ªí¤º)¡A - ½Ð±Nè¤~ kernel Åã¥Üªº modem ªº PnP ID ½Æ»s¨ì¬ÛÃö¦ì¸m¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>³o®É¡A¦A«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë kernel¡A³Ì«á«¶}¾÷À³¸Ó´N·|¥¿½T°»´ú¨ì modem ¤F¡C</para> - </listitem> - </orderedlist> - - <para>¦¹¥~¡A¤]¥i¥H¦b¶}¾÷®É¥H <literal>pnp</literal> «ü¥O¨Ó¤â°Ê³]©w PnP ³]³Æ¡A - ¨ÓÅý kernel ±o¥H¥¿½T°»´ú¡AÁ|¨Ò¡G</para> - - <programlisting>pnp 1 0 enable os irq0 3 drq0 0 port0 0x2f8</programlisting> - - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="support-winmodem"> - <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©¹³¬O Winmodems ¤§Ãþªº³nÅé modem ¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FreeBSD ¥i¥H¦w¸ËÃB¥~ªº³nÅé¨Ó¤ä´©³nÅé modem¡C - ¹³¬O <filename role="package">comms/ltmdm</filename> ¥i¤ä´©±`¨£ªº Lucent LT ´¹¤ù¡A - <filename role="package">comms/mwavem</filename> «h¥i¤ä´© IBM Thinkpad 600 ¤Î 700 - µ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤W±ªº modem¡C</para> - - <para>µM¦Ó¡A¨Ã¤£¯à¥Î³nÅé modem ¨Ó¦w¸Ë FreeBSD¡A - ¦]¬°¡G³oÃþ³nÅ饲¶·¦b§@·~¨t²Î¦w¸Ë§¹²¦¤§«á¡A¤~¯à¦w¸Ë¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="support-broadcom"> - <para>¦³ Broadcom 43xx µL½uºô¥dªºì¥ÍÅX°Êµ{¦¡(Native driver)¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¨S¦³¡A¦Ó¥B¤]¤£¤Ó¥i¯à·|¦³¡C</para> - - <para>Broadcom ©Úµ´¤½¶}¦³ÃöµL½uºô¥d´¹¤ùªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¬ÛÃö»¡©ú¡A - ¥D¦]¤j·§¬O¥L̥γnÅé¨Ó±±¨îµL½u¶Ç¿é¤è¦¡¡C - ¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦]¬°n¯à³q¹L¬ü°êÁp¨¹¹q«H©eû·|(FCC)À˺Ϧw³Wªº¸Ü¡A - ¥²¶·½T«O²£«~¤£¯àÅý¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤£¯àÀH·N§ó°Ê¬ÛÃö³]©w¡A¤ñ¦p¡G¹qºÏªiÀW²v¡B¬ÛÃö¼Ò²Õ°Ñ¼Æ¡B¿é¥X¹q·½µ¥¡C - ¦ý¬O¡A¦pªG§Ṳ́£ª¾¹D¦p¦ó¥h±±¨î´¹¤ùªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò¼¶¼gÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤§¸ô®£©È¤£¤Ó¥i¦æ¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="multiport-serial-support"> - <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©þ¨Ç multi-port serial¥d©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>½Ð°Ñ¾\¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤Wªº <ulink - url="&url.books.handbook;/install.html#INSTALL-MISC">¦w¸Ë½g¡X¨ä¥LµwÅé - </ulink> ¦Cªí¡C</para> - - <para>ÁöµM¦³¨Ç¥d¬O¨SµPªº(¤×¨ä¬O¦³¼Ð©ú¡G¬Û®e AST ³W®æ)¦ý¤]¥i¥H¥¿±`¨Ï¥Î¡C</para> - - <para>¦Ü©ó¥dªº³]©w¤è±¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.sio.4; ªº»¡©ú¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="serial-console-prompt"> - <para>¦b serial console ¤Wn¦p¦ó¤~·|¥X²{ boot: ´£¥Ü©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <orderedlist> - <listitem> - <para>kernel ³]©wÀÉ¥[¤J - <literal>options COMCONSOLE</literal></para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>«Ø¥ß /boot.config ÀÉ¡A¨Ã¥B¸ÓÀɸ̱¤º®e¥u¶ñ¤W <option>-P</option></para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>§âÁä½L±q¾÷¾¹¤W©Þ±¼</para> - </listitem> - </orderedlist> - - <para>²Ó¸`½Ð¬Ý - <filename>/usr/src/sys/i386/boot/biosboot/README.serial</filename> - </para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - </qandaset> - - </sect1> - - <sect1 id="compatibility-sound"> - <title>µ®Ä¥d</title> - - <qandaset> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="sound-card-support"> - <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©þ¨Çµ®Ä¥d¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>&os; ¤ä´©¦UºØµ®Ä¥d¡A¥]¬A¤F &soundblaster;¡B - &soundblaster; Pro¡B&soundblaster; 16¡BPro Audio Spectrum 16¡B - AdLib¡B¤Î Gravis UltraSound sound cards (²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\ - <ulink url="&url.base;/releases/">&os; µo¦æ±¡³ø</ulink> - ¥H¤Î &man.snd.4; ªº»¡©ú)¡C - ¦¹¥~¡A¹ï MPU-401 ¤Î MIDI ¬Û®e³W®æªº¤]¦³¤@©wµ{«×ªº¤ä´©¡A¦Ó - µsoft; Sound System ³W®æ¤]¦³¤ä´©¡C</para> - - <note> - <para>ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¶È¾A¥Î©ó¡yµ®Ä¡z³¡¤À¡I °£¤F &soundblaster; ¤§¥~¡A - ¥Ø«eµ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨Ã¤£¤ä´©³o¨Çµ®Ä¥d¤Wªº¥úºÐ¾÷, SCSI³]³Æ©Î·n±ì¡C - &soundblaster; ªº SCSI ¤¶±¤Î¬Y¨Ç«D SCSI ªº¥úºÐ¾÷¬O¦³¤ä´©¡A¦ýµLªk¥Î¨Ó¶}¾÷¡C - </para> - </note> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="es1370-silent-pcm"> - <para>&man.pcm.4; ©Ò¤ä´©ªºµ®Ä¥d¨S¦³Ánµ¡A¦³¤°»ò¼È®É¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦]¬°¦³¨Ç¹³¬O es1370 ´¹¤ùªºµ®Ä¥d·|¦b¨C¦¸¶}¾÷®É§âµ¶q½Õ¬°¹s¡C - ¼È®É¸Ñªk¬O¦b¨C¦¸¶}¾÷®É°õ¦æ¤U±«ü¥O¡A©Î¬O¥[¨ì /etc/rc.local ¤º¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mixer pcm 100 vol 100 cd 100</userinput></screen> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - </qandaset> - - </sect1> - - <sect1 id="compatibility-other"> - <title>¨ä¥L©Ç²§°ÝÃD(ACPI¡B«¶}¾÷«á±¾¤F..µ¥)</title> - - <qandaset> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="other-device-support"> - <para>FreeBSD Á٤䴩¨ä¥Lþ¨ÇµwÅé©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>½Ð°Ñ¾\¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤Wªº <ulink - url="&url.books.handbook;/install.html#INSTALL-MISC">¦w¸Ë½g¡X¨ä¥LµwÅé</ulink> - ¡C</para> - - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="power-management-support"> - <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©µ§°O«¬¹q¸£ªº¬Ù¹qºÞ²z¥\¯à¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FreeBSD 4.X(§t¤§«áª©¥»)¦b¬Y¨Ç¾÷ºØ¤W³£¦³¤ä´© <acronym>APM</acronym>¡C - ²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.apm.4; ªº»¡©ú¡C</para> - - <para>FreeBSD 5.X(§t¤§«áª©¥»)¤ä´©¦b¥Ø«e¤j³¡¤À¾÷ºØ¤W³£¦³ªº - <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ¥\¯à¡C - ²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.acpi.4; ªº»¡©ú¡CY¾÷¾¹¤W¦P®É³£¦³ <acronym>APM</acronym> - ¤Î <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ¥\¯àªº¸Ü¡A§ÚÌ«ØÄ³§A¥i¥H¨âªÌ³£¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¡A - ¬Ý¬Ýþ¤@ºØ¤ñ¸û²Å¦X§Aªº»Ý¨D¡C</para> - - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="disable-acpi"> - <para>¸Ó¦p¦óÃö³¬ ACPI¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>§â <screen>hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</screen> - ³o¬q¥[¨ì <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> §Y¥i¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="micron-hang-boot"> - <para>Micron ¹q¸£Á`¬O¦b &os; ±Ò°Ê®É´N±¾±¼¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦³¨Ç Micron ¥D¾÷ªO¤Wªº BIOS ¦b PCI ¤è±·|¦³°ÝÃD¡A - ³o·|¾ÉP PCI ³]³Æ·|³Q BIOS °»´ú¬°¤£¥¿½T³]©w¡A¦Ó¶i¤J FreeBSD ´N±¾±¼¡C</para> - - <para>¼È®É¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¡GÃö³¬ BIOS ¤º <quote>Plug and Play Operating System</quote> - ªº³]©w¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="micron-3comnic-failure"> - <para>&tm.3com; PCI ¤¶±ºô¸ô¥dµLªk¦b Micron ¹q¸£¤W¨Ï¥Î¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>³o°ÝÃD¸ò«e±ªº°ÝÃD¦]¯À¤@¼Ë¡AÁ`¤§¡A´N¬OÃö³¬ BIOS ¤¤¦³Ãö OS PnP ªº³]©w¡C</para> - - <para>¼È®É¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¡GÃö³¬ BIOS ¤º <quote>Plug and Play Operating System</quote> - ªº³]©w¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="asusk7v-boot-failure"> - <para>¥D¾÷ªO¬O¥ÎµØºÓ(ASUS) K7V¡A¥i¬O¥Î¶}¾÷¤ù¶}¨ì¤@¥b´N·í¤F¡A«ç»ò¿ì©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¶i¤J BIOS ³]©w¡A¨ÃÃö³¬ <quote>boot virus protection</quote> ³]©w§Y¥i¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="newcard-does-not-work"> - <para>PCMCIA ¥dµLªk¨Ï¥Î¡A¨Ã¥X²{¿ù»~°T®§ - <quote>cbb0: unsupported card type detected.</quote> - ¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý§ï¥Îªº¤è¦¡¡A½Ð¥ý×§ï kernel ³]©wÀÉ¡A®³±¼¤U±³o´X¦æ¡G - <programlisting>device cbb -device pccard -device cardbus</programlisting> - µM«á¥[¤W¡G - <programlisting>device pcic -device card 1</programlisting> - ³Ì«á½Ð°Ñ¾\ Handbook ¤¤ - <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/kernelconfig.html">½Õ¾ã FreeBSD Kernel</ulink> - ³¹¸`¡A¥H«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë·sªº kernel¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="dell-poweredge-failure"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò &dell; &poweredge; 2850 ¸Ë§¹ FreeBSD ¤§«á¡A«¶}¾÷±µµÛÁä½L´N±¾¤F¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>(¥»ÃD¥Ñ cdsheen ´£¨Ñ)À|¸Õ¦b &dell; &poweredge; 2850 ¤W±¦w¸Ë &os; 6.0¡A - ¤£¹L¦w¸Ë§¹¦¨¡B¨Ã«·s¶}¾÷¤§«á¡Aµo²{ console ªºÁä½L¤£¯à°Ê¤F¡A - ¦P¼Ëªº±¡ªp¦ü¥G¤]¦s¦b©ó &os; 5.3 ¤Î &os; 5.4¡A - ¸g¹L¤@µf·j´M¡Aµoı¬O¦]¬°³o¥x¾÷¾¹¤W±¦³¤@Ó <quote>Dell Remote Access Controller (DRAC)</quote>¡A - ³oӸ˸m·|³Q¨t²Î¿ëÃѦ¨¤@Ó USB Keyboard¡A©Ò¥H¾ÉP¶}§¹¾÷¤§«á¡A¥¿±`ªº PS/2 Áä½L¤Ï¦Ó¤£¯à°Ê¤F¡I</para> - - <para>¼È®É¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¦p¤U¡G</para> - - <orderedlist> - <listitem> - <para>¥ý¥H Single User Mode ¶i¤J¨t²Î</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¦b©R¥O¦C¼Ò¦¡¤U¡A¥ý°õ¦æ¤U¦C©R¥O¡G</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fsck -y <filename>/</filename></userinput></screen> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -u <filename>/</filename></userinput></screen> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>µM«á½s¿è <filename>/etc/devd.conf</filename>¡A§â¹ï©ó USB Keyboard ªº¤ä´©¼È®É®³±¼¡A - ¤]´N¬O§â¤U±´X¦æ¶}ÀY¥[¤W #</para> - <programlisting> -# When a USB keyboard arrives, attach it as the console keyboard. -#attach 100 { -# device-name "ukbd0"; -# action "kbdcontrol -k /dev/ukbd0 < /dev/console && /etc/rc.d/syscons restart"; -#}; -#detach 100 { -# device-name "ukbd0"; -# action "kbdcontrol -k /dev/kbd0 < /dev/console"; -#}; -</programlisting> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>µM«á¿é¤J <command>exit</command>Â÷¶} Single User Mode ¤§«á¡A - ´N¥i¥H¶¶§Q¶i¤J¨t²Î¡B¦Ó¥BÁä½L¤]¥i¥H¥¿±`¹B§@¡A¤U¦¸¶}¾÷¤]¤£·|¦³°ÝÃD¡I</para> - </listitem> - </orderedlist> - - <para>¥t¥~¡A&dell; ªº DRAC/BMC ¬Ý°_¨Ó¦³ÆZ¦h¤£¿ùªº»·ºÝ¦s¨ú¥\¯à¡A¦³¿³½ìªº¤H¥i¥Hª±ª±¬Ý...</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - </qandaset> - - </sect1> - - </chapter> - - <chapter id="troubleshoot"> - <chapterinfo> - <author> - <firstname>William</firstname> - <surname>Liao</surname> - <affiliation> - <address><email>chliao@tpts4.seed.net.tw</email></address> - </affiliation> - </author> - </chapterinfo> - - <title>±`¨£°ÝÃD¸Ñ¨M</title> - - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question id="pae"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò &os; §ì¨ì¿ù»~ªº°O¾ÐÅé®e¶q¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>§ì¨ì¿ù»~ªº°O¾ÐÅé®e¶q¬O¦]¬°ª«²z¦ì§}¸òµêÀÀ¦ì§}¨âªÌ¬O¤£¦Pªº¡C</para> - - <para>The convention for most PC hardware is to use the memory area - between 3.5G and 4G for a special purpose (usually for PCI). This - address space is used to access PCI hardware. As a result real, - physical memory can not appear in that address space.</para> - - <para>What happens to the memory that should appear in that location - is dependent on your hardware. Unfortunately, some hardware does - nothing and the ability to use that last 500M of RAM is entirely - lost.</para> - - <para>Luckily, most hardware remaps the memory to a higher location - so that it can still be used. However, this can cause some - confusion if you watch the boot messages.</para> - - <para>On a 32 bit version of &os;, the memory appears lost, since it - will be remapped above 4G, which a 32 bit kernel is unable to - access. In this case, the solution is to build a PAE enabled - kernel. See <link linkend="memory-limits">this FAQ entry</link> - for more information.</para> - - <para>On a 64 bit version of &os;, or when running a PAE-enabled - kernel, &os; will correctly detect and remap the memory so it is - usable. During boot, however, it may seem as if &os; is detecting - more memory than the system really has. This is normal and the - available memory will be corrected as the boot process - completes.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="awre"> - <para>µwºÐ¦³Ãay®É¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Y¬O SCSI µwºÐªº¸Ü¡A¨º»òºÏºÐ¾÷À³¸Ó¦³¯à¤O¦Û°Ê§@ re-mapping - ªº°Ê§@¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦]¬°¤@¨Ç¥¼ª¾ªº¦]¯À¡A¦b¥X¼t®É¡A«Ü¦hµwºÐªº³o¶µ - ¥\¯à¬OÃö³¬ªº...</para> - - <para>n±N¨ä«·s¶}±Ò¡A±z»Ýn½s¿è¸Ë¸mªº²Ä¤@Ó page ¼Ò¦¡ - ¡]first device page mode¡^¡A¦b FreeBSD ¤W¥i¥H¥Î¤U±ªº«ü¥O¿ì¨ì - ¡]¥H <username>root</username>¨¤À°õ¦æ¡^</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>scsi -f /dev/rsd0c -m 1 -e -P 3</userinput></screen> - - <para>µM«á±N AWRE ©M ARRE ªº¼ÆÈ±q 0 Åܦ¨ 1:-</para> - - <programlisting>AWRE¡]Auto Write Reallocation Enbld¡^¡G 1 -ARRE¡]Auto Read Reallocation Enbld¡^¡G 1</programlisting> - - <para>¥H¤U³o¬q¬O¥Ñ Ted Mittelstaedt - <email>tedm@toybox.placo.com</email>©Ò´£¨Ñ¡G</para> - - <para>Y¬° IDE µwºÐ¡A¥ô¦óªºÃay³q±`³£¬O³Â·Ðªº¹w¥ü¡C¥Ø«e©Ò¦³¸û·sªº - IDE µwºÐ¡A¤º³¡³£¦³¦Û°Ê remapping Ãayªº¯à¤O¡C¥Ø«e©Ò¦³ IDE µwºÐ - »s³y°Ó¡A³£´£¨Ñ¤F§ó¤[ªº«OÃÒ¡A¦Ó¥B·|À°±z§ó´«¥X²{ÃayªºµwºÐ¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG±z¤´·Qn×´_²£¥ÍÃayªº IDE µwºÐ¡A±z¤´¥i¥H¸ÕµÛ¥h¤U¸ü IDE - µwºÐ»s³y°Ó©Ò´£¨ÑªºÀË´úµ{¦¡¡A¨Ã¥Î¥¦¨ÓÀˬd±zªºµwºÐ¡C¦³®É³o¨Ç³nÅé¥i - ¥H±j¢«·sÀˬdµwºÐªºÃay¡A¨Ã±N¥¦Ì¼Ð¥Ü¥X¨Ó¡C</para> - - <para>¹ï ESDI¡ARLL ¤Î MFM ªºµwºÐ¨Ó»¡¡A³q±`Ãay¬O¥¿±`²{¶H¡A¤]¤£¬O¤° - »ò³Â·Ðªº«e¥ü¡C¦b PC ¤W¡AºÏºÐ±±¨î¥d©M BIOS t³d¼Ð¥ÜÃayªº¥ô°È¡C³o - ¹ï¤@¨Ç¨Ï¥Î BIOS¨Ó¦s¨úºÏºÐªº§@·~Àô¹Ò¡]¦p DOS¡^¬O¨S¦³°ÝÃDªº¡CµM¦Ó¡A - FreeBSD ªººÏºÐÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨Ã¤£¸g¹L BIOS ¨Ó¦s¨úºÏºÐ¡A©Ò¥H¡A¦³Ó bad144 - ªº¾÷¨î¥Î¨Ó¨ú¥N³o¶µ¥\¯à¡Cbad144 ¥u¯à¥Î¦b wd ³oӺϺÐÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤W¡]³o - Ó¥Nªí¤F FreeBSD 4.0 ¨Ã¤£¤ä´©¥¦¡^¡A¥¦¤]µLªk¥Î¦b SCSI µwºÐ¤W¡C - bad144ªº¤u§@¤èªk¬O±N©Ò¦³§ä¨ìªºÃay¸ê®Æ¦s¨ì¤@Ó¯S§OªºÀÉ®×ùØ¡C</para> - - <para>¨Ï¥Î bad144 ªºÄµ§i - ¦sµÛÃay¸ê®Æªº¯S§OÀɮ׬O©ñ¦bµwºÐªº³Ì«á - ¤@y¤W¡C¦]¬°³oÓÀÉ®×Àx¦sªºÃay¸ê®Æ¤¤¡A¦³¥i¯à¦³¨Ç¸ê®Æ¬O«ü¦VµwºÐ³Ì - «eºÝ©Òµo¥ÍªºÃay±¡§Î¡A´N¬O¥i¯àÀx¦s /kernel ³oÓÀɪº¦a¤è¡A©Ò¥H¥¦ - ¤@©wn¯à³Q¶}¾÷µ{¦¡©ÒŪ¨ú¡A¦Ó¶}¾÷µ{¦¡¬O³z¹L BIOS ¨ÓŪ¨ú kernel - ÀÉ¡C³oªí¥Ü¤F¨Ï¥Î bad144 ªºµwºÐµ´¤£¯à¾Ö¦³¶W¹L 1024 Ó cylinder¡A - 16 Ó head ¤Î 63 Ó sector¡C¦Ó³o¨Ï±o±ý¨Ï¥Î bad144 ªºµwºÐªº¤j¤p¤£ - ¯à¤j©ó 500 MB¡C</para> - - <para>n¨Ï¥Î bad144 «Ü²³æ¡A¥un¦b¶}©l¦w¸Ë®É¡A¦b FreeBSD fdisk µe± - §â<quote>Bad Block</quote> ±½ºË³]¬° ON §Y¥i¡C¦b FreeBSD 2.2.7 ¥H - «á³£¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¦¹¤èªk¡C¦ý³oÓµwºÐªº cylinder ¤@©wn¦b 1024 ¥H¤U¡C¨Ï - ¥Î«e¡A§ÚÌ«ØÄ³³oÓµwºÐn¦Ü¤Ö¥ý¨Ï¥Î¥|Ó¤p®É¡A¥H«K¼ö¿±µÈ»PºÏy°¾²¾ - ¹F¤@¯ëª¬ºA¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG³oÓµwºÐ¾Ö¦³¶W¹L 1024 Ó cylinder¡]¹³¤j®e¶qªº ESDI µwºÐ¡^ - ¡AESDI ±±¨î¥d§Q¥Î¤@Ó¯S§OªºÂà´«¼Ò¦¡¨Ï¥¦¯à¦b DOS ¤U¤u§@¡C¦Ó¦pªG±z - ¦b fdisk ùتº <quote>set geometry</quote> ¤¤¿é¤J - <quote>Âà´«¹L</quote> ªº geometry¡Awd ³oÓÅX°Êµ{¦¡¯à¤F¸Ñ³o¨ÇÂà´« - ¼Ò¦¡¡C±z¤]µ´¹ï¤£¯à¨Ï¥Î dangerously dedicated ¼Ò¦¡¨Ó«Ø¥ß FreeBSD - ªº¤À³Î°Ï¡A¦]¬°¥¦·|©¿²¤ geometry ³oӰѼơC¦¹¥~¡A´Nºâ fdisk ¨Ï¥Î - ±z©Ò¿é¤Jªº geometry °Ñ¼Æ¡A¥¦¨ÌµM·|¥hŪ¨ú³oµwºÐªº¯u¥¿¸ê®Æ¡A¦Ó·|¹Á - ¸Õ¥h«Ø¥ß¤@Ó¹L¤jªº FreeBSD ¤À³Î°Ï¡C¦pªGºÏºÐªº geometry ¤w¸g³Q - <quote>Âà´«</quote> ¹L¤F¡A¨º»ò ³oÓ¤À³Î°Ï <quote>¥²¶·</quote> - ¥H¤â°Ê¿é¤J block ¼Æ¥Øªº¤èªk¨Ó«Ø¥ß¡C</para> - - <para>¤@Ó§Ö³tªº¤p§Þ¥©¬O§Q¥Î ESDI ±±¨î¥d¨Ó³]©w¤j®e¶qªº ESDI µwºÐ¡A - 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<quote>¯u¹ê</quote> EISA ¼Ñ³£¦b¥¦¤§«e¡C¥i¬O¡A¦b EISA ©w§}ªÅ¶¡ - >= 10 ®É¡A·|»P«ü©wµ¹ PCI ¥Îªº©w§}ªÅ¶¡¬Û½Ä¬ð¡A¥B FreeBSD ªº - auto-configuration µLªk¥¿½Tªº³B²z³oÓ±¡§Î¡C</para> - - <para>¦]¦¹¡A²{¦b§A¯à°µªº³Ì¦n¨Æ±¡´N¬O¦b kernel ùس]©w - <literal>EISA_SLOTS</literal> ³oÓ¿ï¶µ¬° 12 ¡AµM«á·í§@¨S¦³³oÓ - °ÝÃD :)¡C½Ð¨Ì·Ó <ulink url="../../handbook/kernelconfig.html"> - Handbook ¤¤¦³Ãö kernel ªº³]©w</ulink> ùةһ¡ªº¤èªk¨Ó³]©w»P½sĶ - ±zªº kernel¡C</para> - - <para>·íµM¡A¦b¦w¸Ë FreeBSD ¨ì³oºØ¾÷¾¹¤W®É¡A³o¬O¤@ÓÂû¥Í³J³J¥ÍÂûªº - °ÝÃD¡C¬°¤F¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD¡A¦b <emphasis>UserConfig</emphasis> ¤¤¦³ - ¤@Ó¯S§Oªº¤èªk¡A¦w¸Ë®É¤£n¶i¤J <quote>visual</quote> ¤¶±¡A¬Û¤Ï - ªº¡A¦b©R¥O¦C¼Ò¦¡¤¤¡AÁä¤J</para> - - <programlisting>eisa 12 -quit</programlisting> - - <para>µM«á´N¦p¥H©¹¤@¼Ë¦w¸Ë±zªº¨t²Î¡C¤£¹L§ÚÌ«ØÄ³±z½sĶ»P¦w¸Ë¤@Ó - ÄÝ©ó¦Û¤vªº kernel¡A¦ý</para> - - <para>§Æ±æ¦b¥¼¨Óªºª©¥»¤¤¯à¹ï³oÓ°ÝÃD¦³¤@Ó¦nªº¸Ñ¨M¤èªk¡C</para> - - <note> - <para>±zµLªk¦b HP Netserver ¤W¨Ï¥Î - <literal>dangerously dedicated</literal> ºÏºÐ¼Ò¦¡¡C±z¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò - 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¬°³æ¦ì¡C¥H¤@¥x¦³ 128MB RAM ªº¾÷¾¹¨Ó»¡¡A±z¥i¨Ï¥Î - <literal>131072</literal>³oӼƦr¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="kmem-map-too-small"> - <para>¾÷¾¹¤Wªº RAM ¦³ 1GB ¥H¤W¡A¥i¬O¬°¦ó«o¦¬¨ì <quote>kmem_map too small</quote> - ªº panic ¿ù»~°T®§¡H - </para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>³q±` FreeBSD ·|¨Ì¾Ú¾÷¾¹ª¬ªp¨Ó¦Û°Ê½Õ¾ã kernel ¬ÛÃö°Ñ¼Æ³]©w¡A¤ñ¦p¡G - ®Ú¾Ú¾÷¾¹©Ò¸Ëªº RAM ¤j¤p¨Ó¨M©w¦P®É¥i¶}±ÒªºÀɮ׼ƶq¦h¹è¡C - µM¦Ó¡A¦b 1GB RAM(§t¥H¤W) ªº¾÷¾¹¤W¡A³oÓ¡y¦Û°Ê½Õ¾ã¡zªº¾÷¨î¥i¯à¦³®É·|°ª¦ô¡G - ¤ñ¤è»¡..¶}¾÷®É¡Akernel ·|¥ý°t¸m¦UºØ¤£¦P¥Î³~ªºªí®æ¤Î¨ä¥L¬[ºc©ñ¨ì°O¾ÐÅé¤W¡A - µM«á¡A·í¾ãÓ§@·~¨t²Î³£¶}©l¹B§@¤§«á¡Akernel ´N·|¶}©l¤£°÷ªÅ¶¡¨Ó°µ°O¾ÐÅé°t¸mªº°ÊºA½Õ¾ã¡A - ©ó¬O´N panic ±¾¤F¡C</para> - - <para>¸Ñªk¬O¡G§â <option>VM_KMEM_SIZE_MAX</option> ¥[¨ì kernel ³]©wÀɤº¡A - ¨Ã«·s½sĶ kernel¡A¤ñ¦p¡G</para> - - <para><literal><option>options VM_KMEM_SIZE_MAX=419430400</option></literal></para> - - <para> - ³o¼Ë·|³]©w 400 MB ¨Óµ¹ kernel ¨Ï¥Î¡A¦Ó¥B±Ä¥Î 400 MB ªº¸Ü¡A - ¥Ø«e¦b 6GB RAM ªº¾÷¾¹¤W³£¥i³Q¦³®Ä¹B¥Î¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="panic-kmemmap-too-small"> - <para>¾÷¾¹¤W RAM ¤£¨ì 1GB ¡A¦ý¤´·|¥X²{ - <errorname>kmem_map too small!</errorname> ªº panic ¿ù»~°T®§ - </para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¤§©Ò¥H panic ªºì¦]¦b©ó¨t²Î¥Î¥ú¤Fµ¹ network buffer ¥Î³~ªº virtual memory - (¤×¨ä¬O mbuf clusters)¡C¸Ñªk¬O¼W¥[µ¹ mbuf clusters ¥Îªº virtual memory - ¼Æ¶q¡A³o¨BÆJ½Ð°Ñ¾\ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥Uªº - <ulink - url="&url.books.handbook;/configtuning-kernel-limits.html#NMBCLUSTERS">ºô¸ô¨î½g</ulink> - ¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - -<!-- -¥H¤U¬°Âª© faq ¤º®e - <para>³oÓ panic ªºì¦]¬Oªí¥Ü¨t²Î¥Î¥ú¤Fµ¹ºô¸ô½w½Ä°Ïªº©Ò¦³ªºµê - ÀÀ°O¾ÐÅé¡]¯S§O¬O mbuf clusters¡^¡C±z¥i¥H¼W¥[µ¹ mbuf clusters - ªº VM ªº¼Æ¶q¡A¥un¥[¤J:</para> - - <para><literal>options "NMBCLUSTERS=<replaceable>n</replaceable>"</literal></para> - - <para>¦b±zªº kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤¡A<replaceable>n</replaceable> - ¬O¤@Ó¦b 512-4096 ¶¡ªº¼Æ¦r¡A¨Ì±z·Q´£¨Ñ¦h¤Ö¦P®Éªº TCP ³s±µ¼Æ¥Ø - ¦h¹è¦Ó©w¡C§Ú·|«ØÄ³¸Õ¸Õ 2048 - ³o¼Æ¦rÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H§¹¥þÁ×§K³oÓ panic - ¤F¡C±z¥i¥H°õ¦æ: <command>netstat -m</command> - ¡]see &man.netstat.1;¡^¨ÓºÊ¬Ý¦³¦h¤Ö mbuf clusters ¦b¨t²Î¤W¥¿³Q - °t¸m/¨Ï¥Î¡CNMBCLUSTERS ªº¼ÆÈ¤º©w¬° <literal>512 + MAXUSERS * 16 - </literal>¡C</para> ---> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="proc-table-full"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤@ª½¬Ý¨ì <errorname>/kernel: proc: table - is full</errorname> ³oÓ¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FreeBSD kernel ¥u¤¹³\¤@©w¼Æ¶qªº process ¦b¦P¤@®É¶¡¸Ì¦P - ®É¹B§@¡C¦Ó³oӼƥجO®Ú¾Ú kernel ³]©wÀɸ̱ªº - <literal>MAXUSERS</literal> ȨӨM©wªº¡C<literal>MAXUSERS</literal> - ³oÓȤ]·|¼vÅT¨ä¥Lªº kernel ¤º©wÈ¡A¤ñ¦p»¡ network buffer - (½Ð°Ñ¾\<link linkend="panic-kmemmap-too-small">³oÓ</link>¤§«e°Q - ½×¹Lªº°ÝÃD)¡C¦pªG¾÷¾¹t²ü(load)«Ü«¡A±z¥i¯à»Ýn¼W¥[ - <literal>MAXUSERS</literal> ³oÓÈ¡C³o»ò§@·|¤@¨Ö´£°ª¨t²Îªº¨ä¥L¤º - ©wÈ¡A¥]¬A³Ì¤j¥i¾Ö¦³ªº process ¼Æµ¥¡C</para> - - <para>Yn½Õ¾ã <literal>MAXUSERS</literal>¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤¤ªº <ulink - url="&url.books.handbook;/configtuning-kernel-limits.html#KERN-MAXFILES"> - ÀÉ®×/Processªº¨î</ulink> ³¹¸`¡C - (ÁöµM¸Ó³B«üªº¬O¡yÀɮתº¶}±Ò¼Æ¶q¨î¡z¡A¦ý¤]¾A¥Î©ó process³¡¤À¡C)</para> - - <para>¦b FreeBSD 4.4 ¤§«á¡A<literal>MAXUSERS</literal> ¤w¸gÅܦ¨¥i - ¥H¾aµÛ§ó§ï <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> ùتº - <varname>kern.maxusers</varname> ³oÓȦӽվ㪺ÅܼƤF¡C¦Ó¦b¤§«e - ªº FreeBSD ª©¥»¤¤¡A³oÓÈ¥u¯à¦b kernel ³]©wÀÉùؽվã¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG¾÷¾¹t²ü¨Ã¤£«¡A¦Ó±z¥u¬O»Ýn¦P®É¶]«Ü¦h«Ü¦h process¡A - ¨º»ò¤]¥i¥Hª½±µ¥Î sysctl ½Õ¾ã <varname>kern.maxproc</varname> È¡C - °²¦p³o¨Ç process ³£¬OÄÝ©ó¬YӨϥΪ̪º¡A¨º»ò±zÁÙ»Ýn¥t - ¥~½Õ¾ã <varname>kern.maxprocperuid</varname> ³oÓÈ¡A¨Ï¥¦¤ñ·s - ªº <varname>kern.maxproc</varname> ³oÓÈ¤Ö 1 (¤@©wn¤Ö 1 ¡A - ¦]¬° &man.init.8; ³oÓ¨t²Îµ{¦¡µ´¹ïn«O«ù¦b¹B§@ª¬ºA)¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG·Q¦b¨C¦¸¶}¾÷³£n§ó§ï sysctl ªºÈ¡A¦Ó¥B±zªº FreeBSD ¬O - ³Ìªñªºª©¥»ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¦b <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> ³o - ÓÀɤ¤³]©w¡A¦Ó¦pªG¬Oªºª©¥»¡A¥i¥H¦b - <filename>/etc/rc.local</filename> ¤¤§@³]©w¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="cmap-busy-panic"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò¥Î·s kernel ¶}¾÷®É¡A¥X²{ <errorname>CMAP - busy</errorname> ³oÓ¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¥Î¨Ó°»´ú <filename>/var/db/kvm_*.db</filename> ¹L®ÉÀɮתº¾÷¨î°¸º¸·|µo¥Í°ÝÃD¡A¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¨ì¤F¤@Ó¤£¨ó½Õ - (mismatch)ªºÀɮצ³®É´N·|¾ÉP panic¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªGµo¥Í¤F³oÓ°ÝÃD¡A½Ð«·s¶}¾÷¡A¶i¤J single ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á°õ¦æ¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rm /var/db/kvm_*.db</userinput></screen> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="brkadrint-illegal-host-access"> - <para>½Ð°Ý³oÓ°T®§¡G<errorname>ahc0: brkadrint, Illegal Host Access at seqaddr 0x0</errorname> - ¬O¤°»ò·N«ä¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>³o¬O¤@Ó©M Ultrastor SCSI ±±¨î¥d¦³Ãöªº½Ä¬ð¡]conflict¡^¡C</para> - - <para>¦b¶}¾÷®É¡A¶i¤J kernel ³]©w¿ï³æ¨ú®ø - <devicename>uha0</devicename>¡A¥¦¬O³y¦¨³oÓ°ÝÃDªºì¦]¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="aci0-illegal-cable"> - <para>¶}¾÷®É¡A¬Ý¨ì³oÓ¿ù»~°T®§ <errorname>ahc0: illegal cable configuration</errorname>¡C - §Úªº±Æ½u½T©w¦³±µ¹ï¡C ¬O¥X¤F¤°»ò°ÝÃD©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>±zªº¥D¾÷ªO¥i¯à¤£¤ä´©¦Û°Ê²×ºÝ¹qªý³]©w¡C½Ð¶i¨ì SCSI ªº BIOS - ¸Ì±¤â°Ê«ü©w¥¿½Tªº²×ºÝ¹qªý¶¶§Ç¡A¦Ó¤£n¨Ï¥Î¦Û°Ê³]©w¡C - AIC7XXX ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨ÃµLªkª¾¹D¦³¨S¦³³o¨Ç±Æ½u°»´ú(¥H¤Î¦Û°Ê²×ºÝ¹qªý³]©w)ªº¹q¸ô(external logic) - ¦s¦b¡C¦pªG EEPROM ¸Ì±ªº³]©w¬O "automatic termination" ®É¡A¥¦¥u·|³æ¯Â°²©w³o¨Ç¹q¸ô·íµM¬O¦s¦bªº¡C - Y¯Ê¤Ö¤F³oÓ¹q¸ô¡AÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦b³]©w²×ºÝ¹qªý®É´N±`±`¥X°ÝÃD¡C - ¦Ó³oºØ°ÝÃD±N¾ÉP SCSI ¶×¬y±Æªº¥i¾a©Ê°§C¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="mail-loopback"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò Sendmail ¤@ª½¥X²{ - <quote><errorname>mail loops back to myself</errorname></quote> - ³oÓ¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>³oÓ°ÝÃD¦b sendmail ªº FAQ ¤¤¬O³o¼Ë¦^µªªº:-</para> - -<literallayout> * §Ú¤@ª½¦¬¨ì¦³Ãö "Local configuration error" ªº«H¥ó¡A¨Ò¦p¡G - - 553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself - 554 <user@domain.net>... Local configuration error - - §Ún¦p¦ó¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD¡H - - ±z§Q¥Î MX ³]©w¡AÅýn±H¨ì¬Y domain¡]¦p: domain.net¡^ªº«H¥ó¡A - ±H¨ì±z©Ò«ü©wªº¾÷¾¹¡]¦b³oÓ¨Ò¤l¤¤¬° relay.domain.net¡^¡A¦ý¬O³o - ³¡¾÷¾¹¨Ã¥¼³Q³]©w±µ¨ü domain.net ªº«H¥ó¡C½Ð§â domain.net ¥[¨ì - /etc/sendmail.cw ¤¤¡]¦pªG±z¦³¨Ï¥Î FEATURE(use_cw_file)) ©Î¬O - ¦b sendmail.cf ¤¤¥[¤J "Cw domain.net" - </literallayout> - - <para>³Ì·sª©¥»ªº <ulink url="ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq">sendmail - FAQ</ulink> ²{¦b¤w¤£¦AÀHµÛ sendmail <quote>¥X³f</quote>¡C - ¥¦¥Ø«e¬O³Q©w´Áªºµoªí¦b <ulink - url="news:comp.mail.sendmail">comp.mail.sendmail</ulink>¡A - <ulink url="news:comp.mail.misc">comp.mail.misc</ulink>¡A<ulink - url="news:comp.mail.smail">comp.mail.smail</ulink>¡A<ulink - url="news:comp.answers">comp.answers</ulink>¡A©M <ulink - url="news:news.answers">news.answers</ulink>. ±z¤]¥i¥H±H¤@«Ê - Email ¨ì <email>mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu</email>¡AµM«á¦b«H¥ó¤º¤å - ¤¤¼g¤W - <literal>send usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq</literal> - ¥H¨ú±o³o¥÷ FAQ ¤å¥ó¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="remote-fullscreen"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò°õ¦æ»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹¡]remote machine¡^ªº¥þ¿Ã¹õªº³nÅé®É¡A - ¦³¤£¥¿±`ªº±¡§Î¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>©Î³\»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹¨Ã«D±N±zªº²×ºÝ¾÷¼Ò¦¡³]¬° FreeBSD console ©Ò¥Îªº - <literal>cons25</literal>¡A¦Ó¬O³]¬°¨ä¥¦¼Ò¦¡¡C</para> - - <para>³o¨à¦³´XӸѨM³oÓ°ÝÃDªº¤èªk¡G</para> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>¦b logging ¶i»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹«á¡A§ó§ï±zªº shell ÅÜ¼Æ TERM ¬° - <literal>ansi</literal> ©Î¬O <literal>sco</literal> - ¡}¦pªG»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹¤ä´©³o¨Ç¼Ò¦¡ªº¸Ü¡^¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¨Ï¥Î¤ä´© VT100 ªº¼ÒÀÀ³nÅé¡A¦p FreeBSD console ¤Uªº - <application>screen</application> ³nÅé¡C - <application>screen</application> ´£¨Ñ±z¦b¤@Ó terminal - ùئP®É¶]¦n´XÓ session ªº¯à¤O¡A¦Ó¥B¥¦¥»¨¤]¬O¤@Ó¬Û·í¦n - ªº³nÅé¡C¨CÓ <application>screen</application> ³£¹³¬O¤@Ó - VT100 ªº²×ºÝ¾÷¡A©Ò¥H»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº TERM ÅܼÆÀ³¸Ó³]¬° - <literal>vt100</literal>¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¦b»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº²×ºÝ¾÷¸ê®Æ®w¡]terminal database¡^¤¤¥[¤J - <literal>cons25</literal> ªº¸ê®Æ¡C¥[¤Jªº¤èªkµø»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº - §@·~¨t²Î¤£¦P¦Ó¦³©Ò®t²§¡C½Ð°Ñ¾\»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹µ¹¨t²ÎºÞ²zûªº»¡©ú - ®Ñ¡AÀ³¸Ó·|¦³©ÒÀ°§U¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>±Ò°Ê FreeBSD ªº X ¦øªA¾¹¡AµM«á¨Ï¥Î¤@¨Ç X Window ¤Uªº - ²×ºÝ¾÷¼ÒÀÀ¾¹¨Óµn¤J»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹¡A¨Ò¦p <command>xterm</command> - ©Î <command>rxvt</command>¡C¦Ó»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº TERM ÅܼÆÀ³¸Ón - ³]¬° <literal>xterm</literal> ©Î <literal>vt100</literal>¡C - </para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="calcru-negative"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò§Úªº¾÷¾¹¤@ª½Åã¥Ü - <errorname>calcru: negative time...</errorname>¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¸ò¤¤Â_¡]interrupt¡^¦³Ãöªº¤£¦PµwÅé »P/©Î ³nÅ骺·f°t³£¦³¥i¯à³y¦¨ - ³oÓ°ÝÃD¡C³o¦³¥i¯à¬O bug ©Î¬O¬YӸ˸m¥»¨ªº°ÝÃD¡C¦b¥¦æ°ð¤W¨Ï¥Î - ¤jªº MTU ¨Ó§@ TCP/IP ¶Ç¿é¥i¥H«²{³oÓ°ÝÃD¡CY¬O¹Ï§Î¥[³t¥d³y¦¨³oÓ - °ÝÃDªº¸Ü¡A±zÀ³¸Ó¥ýÀˬd¥dªº¤¤Â_³]©w¡C</para> - - <para>³oÓ°ÝÃDªºÃä»Ú®ÄÀ³¬O·|³y¦¨¦³¨Ç process ¥X²{ - <quote>SIGXCPU exceeded cpu time limit</quote> ªº°T®§¡A¦Ó¤£¥¿±` - °±¤î¡C</para> - - <para>Y¬O FreeBSD 3.0 ©Î¬O 1998 ¦~ 11 ¤ë 29 ¤é¥H«á¨ä¥Lª©¥»¡A¸U¤@ - ³oÓ°ÝÃD¤@ª½µLªk¥H¨ä¥L¤èªk¸Ñ¨M¡A´N¥u¯à³]©w sysctl ÅܼơG</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl -w kern.timecounter.method=1</userinput></screen> - - <para>³o¼Ë·|¹ï®Ä¯à¦³¨Ç¼vÅT¡A¦ý¬OY¦Ò¼{¨ì³oÓ°ÝÃD±a¨Óªº«áªG¡A³o¼Ë°µ - ¬Oȱoªº¡C¦pªG³oÓ°ÝÃDÁÙ¬O¦s¦bªº¸Ü¡AÅý sysctl ¨ºÓȨ̵M³]¬° 1¡A - µM«á¼W¥[ kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤ <literal>NTIMECOUNTER</literal> ³oÓ¿ï - ¶µªº¼ÆÈ¡C¦pªG±z±N <literal>NTIMECOUNTER</literal> ¼W¥[¨ì 20 ¨Ì - µMµLªk¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD¡A¨º»ò±z¾÷¾¹¤Wªº¤¤Â_¤w¸g¦h¨ìµLªkÅýp¼Æ¾¹ºû«ù¦b - ¥i¾aªºª¬ºA¤F¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="pcm0-not-found"> - <para>¥X²{ <errorname>pcm0 not found</errorname> ³oÓ°T®§¡A©ÎªÌ¬O - §Úªºµ®Ä¥dÅܦ¨¤F <devicename>pcm1</devicename>¡A¦ý¦b kernel ³]©w - ÀÉùاڬO³] <literal>device pcm0</literal> °Ú¡C³o¬O«ç»ò¦^¨Æ©O¡H - </para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦pªG±z¦b FreeBSD 3.x ¤W¨Ï¥Î PCI µ®Ä¥d´N·|µo¥Í³oºØ°ÝÃD¡C - ¦]¬°<devicename>pcm0</devicename> ³oÓ device ¬O¤º©w«O¯dµ¹ ISA - ªºµ®Ä¥dªº¡A©Ò¥H¦pªG±z¦³¤@±i PCI ªºµ®Ä¥d¡A±z´N·|¹J¨ì³oÓ°ÝÃD¡A - ¦Ó±zªº¥d·|Åܦ¨ <devicename>pcm1</devicename>¡C</para> - - <note> - <para>¦pªG±z¥u§â kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤ªº³]©w§ï¦¨ - <literal>device pcm1</literal> ¬OµLªk°£¥h³oÓĵ§i°T®§ªº¡A - ³o¼Ë·|³y¦¨ <devicename>pcm1</devicename> ³Q«O¯dµ¹ ISA µ®Ä¥d¡A - ¦Ó PCI µ®Ä¥d«h·|Åܦ¨ <devicename>pcm2</devicename> - ¡]¥~¥[ <errorname>pcm1 not found</errorname> ªºÄµ§i°T®§¡^¡C - </para> - </note> - - <para>¦pªG±z¦³¤@±i PCI ªºµ®Ä¥d¡A±z»Ýn make - <devicename>snd1</devicename> ³oÓ device¡A¦Ó¤£¬O - <devicename>snd0</devicename>¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>./MAKEDEV snd1</userinput></screen> - - <para>³oÓ°ÝÃD¦b FreeBSD 4.x ¤W¨Ã¤£·|µo¥Í¡A¦]¬°«Ü¦h¤H§ë¤U¤F³\¦h¤ß - ¤OÅý¥¦§ó<emphasis>PnP ¾É¦V</emphasis>¡A¦Ó¥B - <devicename>pcm0</devicename> ³oÓ device ¤]¤£¦A¬O¥u«O¯dµ¹ ISA - ªºµ®Ä¥d¤F¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="pnp-not-found"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò¦b§ó·s¨ì FreeBSD 4.X «á·|§ì¤£¨ì§Úªº PnP ¥d - ¡]©ÎªÌ¬O§ì¦¨ <literal>unknown</literal>¡^¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FreeBSD 4.X ²{¦b¤w¸g§ó <emphasis>PnP ¾É¦V</emphasis>¤F¡A - ¦ÓÃä»Ú®ÄÀ³´N¬O·|µo¥Í¦³¨Ç¦b FreeBSD 3.X ¥i¥H¥Îªº PnP ¸Ë¸m - ¡]¦pµ®Ä¥d©Î¬O¤º´¡¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡^Åܦ¨µLªk¨Ï¥Î¡C</para> - - <para>³oÓì¦]¥i¥H¥Î¤@«Ê¥Ñ Peter Wemm µo¨ì freebsd-questions - ³oÓ mailing list ¤Wªº«H¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ¡A¥¦ì¥»¬O¸ÑÄÀ¬°¤°»ò¦³¤@Ó¤º - ´¡¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A¦b¨t²Î¤É¯Å¨ì FreeBSD 4.x «á¡A´N¨Sªk³Q§ì¨ì¤F - ¡]¦b <literal>[]</literal> ùتº¬O¥t¥~¥[ªºµù¸Ñ¡AÅý¤º®e§ó©öÀ´¡^¡C - </para> - - <blockquote> - <para>The PNP bios preconfigured it [the modem] and left it - laying around in port space¡Aso [in 3.x] the old-style ISA - probes <quote>found</quote> it there.</para> - - <para>Under 4.0¡Athe ISA code is much more PnP-centric. It was - possible [in 3.x] for an ISA probe to find a - <quote>stray</quote> device and then for the PNP device id to - match and then fail due to resource conflicts. So¡Ait - disables the programmable cards first so this double probing - cannot happen. It also means that it needs to know the PnP - id's for supported PnP hardware. Making this more user - tweakable is on the TODO list.</para> - </blockquote> - - <para>¦pªGnÅý¸Ë¸m¯à¦A«×¹B§@¡A§ÚÌ»Ýn§ä¥X¥¦ªº PnP id¡AµM«á¦A±N¥¦ - ¥[¤J¤@¥÷¦b°»´ú ISA ¸Ë¸m®É·|¨Ï¥Îªºªí¤¤¡C¥i¥H°õ¦æ &man.pnpinfo.8; - ¨Ó°»´ú³oӸ˸m¡AÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¤U±¬O &man.pnpinfo.8; §ì¨ìªº¤@Ó¤º´¡ - ¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷ªº¸ê®Æ¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pnpinfo</userinput> -Checking for Plug-n-Play devices... - -Card assigned CSN #1 -Vendor ID PMC2430 (0x3024a341)¡ASerial Number 0xffffffff -PnP Version 1.0¡AVendor Version 0 -Device Description: Pace 56 Voice Internal Plug & Play Modem - -Logical Device ID: PMC2430 0x3024a341 #0 - Device supports I/O Range Check -TAG Start DF - I/O Range 0x3f8 .. 0x3f8¡Aalignment 0x8¡Alen 0x8 - [16-bit addr] - IRQ: 4 - only one type (true/edge)</screen> - - <para>[more TAG lines elided]</para> - - <screen>TAG End DF -End Tag - -Successfully got 31 resources¡A1 logical fdevs --- card select # 0x0001 - -CSN PMC2430 (0x3024a341)¡ASerial Number 0xffffffff - -Logical device #0 -IO: 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 -IRQ 5 0 -DMA 4 0 -IO range check 0x00 activate 0x01</screen> - - <para>±z©Ò»Ýnªº¸ê°T¬O¤@¶}©l¬Ý¨ìªº <quote>Vendor ID</quote> - ³o¤@¦æ¡C¬A¸¹¤¤ªº¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸½X¡]³oÓ¨Ò¤l¤¤¬O 0x3024a341¡^´N¬O - PnP id¡A¦Ó¦b³o¤§«eªº¦r¦ê¡]PMC2430¡^«h¬O¤@Ó¿W¤@µL¤Gªº ASCII id¡C - ¦Ó³o¨Ç¸ê®Æ»Ýn³Q¥[¨ì <filename>/usr/src/sys/isa/sio.c</filename> - ³oÓÀÉ®×ùØ¡C</para> - - <para>¬°¤F¨¾¤î¥ô¦óªF¦è¥X¿ù¡A±zÀ³¸Ón¥ý³Æ¥÷¥Ø«eªº - <filename>sio.c</filename>¡C¦Ó¥B±zn submit PR ®É¤]»Ýn³oÓ - ì©lÀɮרӰµ¥X patch¡]±zÀ³¸Ó·|±N¥¦ submit PR §a..¡G¡^..¡^¡C - ±µµÛ´N½s¿è <filename>sio.c</filename> §ä´M¤U±³o¦æ</para> - - <programlisting>static struct isa_pnp_id sio_ids[] = {</programlisting> - - <para>±µµÛ©¹¤U±²°Ê¡A§äÓ¥¿½Tªº¦ì¸m¨Ó´¡¤J±zªº¸Ë¸m¸ê°T¡C±z¬Ý¨ìªº´N - ¤U±³oӼˤl¡A¥¦Ì¬O·Ó¥kÃäµù¸Ñ¸Ì±ªº ASCII ³oÓ Vender ID °µ±Æ - §Çªº¡A©Î¬O &man.pnpinfo.8; ©Ò§ä¨ìªº¤@³¡¤À - <emphasis>¸Ë¸m´yz</emphasis>¡G</para> - - <programlisting>{0x0f804f3f¡ANULL}¡A /* OZO800f - Zoom 2812 (56k Modem) */ -{0x39804f3f¡ANULL}¡A /* OZO8039 - Zoom 56k flex */ -{0x3024a341¡ANULL}¡A /* PMC2430 - Pace 56 Voice Internal Modem */ -{0x1000eb49¡ANULL}¡A /* ROK0010 - Rockwell ? */ -{0x5002734a¡ANULL}¡A /* RSS0250 - 5614Jx3(G) Internal Modem */</programlisting> - - <para>§â±z³oӸ˸mªº¤Q¤»¶i¦ìªº Vender ID ¥[¨ì¥¿½Tªº¦a¤è¡A¦sÀÉ¡A - µM«á«·s½s¤@Ó kernel¡A¦A«¶}¾÷¡C¤§«á³oӸ˸mÀ³¸Ó´N·|¹³¦b - FreeBSD 3.X ¤U¡A³Q°»´ú¬° <literal>sio</literal> ¸Ë¸m¤F¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="nlist-failed"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú±`±`¦b¶]¤@¨Çµ{¦¡¡]¨Ò¦p <command>top</command> ©Î - <command>systat</command>¡^ªº®ÉÔ¥X²{ - <errorname>nlist failed</errorname> ³oÓ¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>³oÓ°ÝÃD¬O¦]¬°±z¶]ªºµ{¦¡»Ýn¤@Ó¯S§Oªº kernel symbol¡A¥i¬O - ¤£ª¾¹D¤°»òì¦]¦Ó§ä¤£¨ì¡Q¦Ó·|µo¥Í³oÓ°ÝÃD¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°¤U±¨âÓì¦]¡G - </para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>±zªº kernel ©M userland ªºÀɮת©¥»¨Ã¤£¤@P¡]¨Ò¦p»¡¡A±z - ½s¤F¤@Ó·sªº kernel¡A¦ý¬O¨Ã¨S¦³°õ¦æ¹ïÀ³ªº - <maketarget>installworld</maketarget>¡A©Î¬O¨ä¥LÃþ¦ü±¡§Î¡^¡A - ¦]¦¹ symbol table ªº¤º®e´N©MÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡½sĶ®Éªº¤£¤Ó¤@¼Ë¤F¡C¦p - ªG¬O³oºØ±¡§Î¡A½Ð°õ¦æ§¹¾ãªº¤É¯Å¨BÆJ¡]½Ð°Ñ¾\ - <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> ¥H±oª¾¥¿½Tªº¬y - 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<chapterinfo> - <author> - <firstname>Vanilla</firstname> - <surname>Shu</surname> - <affiliation> - <address><email>vanilla@FreeBSD.org</email></address> - </affiliation> - </author> - </chapterinfo> - - <title>°Ó·~³nÅé</title> - - <note> - <para>³o¤@¸`ªº¤º®eÁÙ¬O¬Û·í¤Ö¡A¤£¹L§ÚÌ·íµM§Æ±æ¦UÓ¤½¥q¯à¬°¥¦¥[ÂI¤º®e :) - FreeBSD ²Õ´©M¦C¦b³o¸Ìªº¥ô¦ó¤@®a¤½¥q³£¨S¦³ª÷¿ú¤Wªº§Q®`Ãö«Y¡A¦C¥X¨Ó¯Âºé¥u¬O¹ï¤j²³¤½¶}¤¶²Ð(¦P®É¤]»{¬°¦b FreeBSD - ¤Wªº°Ó¾÷Y¿³©ô¡A·|¹ï FreeBSD ¥iªø¥i¤[¦³·¥¥¿±ªº®Ä¯q)¡C§Ú̹ªÀy°Ó·~³nÅ骺¼t°Ó§â¥L̪º²£«~¥]¬A¦b¤U±ªº¦W³æ¤¤¡A¦b - <ulink url="../../../../commercial/index.html">Vendors page</ulink> ¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì§óªøªº¦Cªí¡C</para> - </note> - - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question id="officesuite"> - <para>¦bþÃä§ä¨ìµ¹ FreeBSD ¥Îªº Office ®M¥ó©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.openoffice.org">OpenOffice</ulink> ³o®M open-source ©Ê½èªº office - ¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤W¥¿±`¹B¥Î¦Û¦p¡A¦Ó &linux; ª©ªº - <ulink - url="http://www.sun.com/staroffice/">StarOffice</ulink>, - ³o®M closed-source ªº OpenOffice ¥[Ȫ©¡A¤]¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤W¥¿±`¨Ï¥Î¡C</para> - - <para>FreeBSD ¤WÁÙ¦³³\¦h½s±Æ³nÅé¡B¸Õºâªí(Spreadsheet)¥H¤Îø¹Ï³nÅé³£¥i¥Î Ports - Collection ¨Ó¦w¸Ë³á¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="motif"> - <para>¦bþÃä¥i§ä¨ìµ¹ FreeBSD ¥Îªº Motif¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Open Group ÄÀ¥X¤F Motif 2.1.30 ªºì©l½X¡A¥i¥H³z¹L - <literal>open-motif</literal> package ¦w¸Ë¡A©Î¬O¥Ñ ports ¦Û¦æ - ½sĶ¡C¬ÛÃöªº¸ê°T¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò handbook ¤¤ªº <ulink - url="../handbook/ports.html">ports</ulink> ³¹¸`¡C - - <note> - <para>Open Motif ¥u¯à¦b¦P¼Ë¤]¬O <ulink - url="http://www.opensource.org/">open source</ulink> - ªº§@·~¨t²Î©Îp¹º¤¤¨Ï¥Î¡C</para> - </note> - </para> - - <para>¥t¥~¡A¤]¬O¦³°Ó·~ª©¥»ªº Motif ¦s¦b¡C¤]³\³oºØª©¥»ªº Motif - ¤£¬O§K¶Oªº¡A¦ý¬Oµ´¹ï¤¹³\¥Î¦b closed-source ªºÀô¹Ò¤U¡C - <link linkend="apps2go">Apps2go</link> ´£¨Ñ¤F³Ì«K©yªº FreeBSD - (¥]¬A i386 ¸ò alpha)ª©¥»ªº ELF Motif 2.1.20 ®M¥ó¡C - <anchor id="apps2go"/></para> - - <para>¥Ø«e´£¨Ñ¨âºØ¤£¦PÀô¹Òªºª©¥»¡A <quote>µo®i¥Îª©¥»</quote> ¤Î - <quote>runtime ª©¥»</quote> ¡C³o¨âºØ®M¥ó³£¥]¬A¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Development kit with uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, include - and Imake files.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Static and dynamic ELF libraries (for use with - FreeBSD 3.0 and above).</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Demonstration applets.</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - - <para>¦]¬° <emphasis>Apps2go</emphasis> ¤]¦³´£¨Ñ NetBSD ©M OpenBSD - ªºª©¥»¡A©Ò¥H¦bqÁʮɽЯS§O«ü©w¬On FreeBSD ª©¥»ªº Motif¡I - ¥L̥ثe¥u´£¨Ñ¥H FTP ªº¤è¦¡¨ú±o³o¥÷®M¥ó¡C</para> - - <variablelist> - <varlistentry> - <term>§ó¦h¸ê°T</term> - <listitem> - <para><ulink url="http://www.apps2go.com/"> - Apps2go WWW page</ulink></para> - </listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term>©Î</term> - <listitem> - <para> - <email>sales@apps2go.com</email> ©Î - <email>support@apps2go.com</email> - </para> - </listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term>©Î</term> - <listitem> - <para>phone (817) 431 8775 or +1 817 431-8775</para> - </listitem> - </varlistentry> - </variablelist> - - <para>¤]¥i¥HÁpµ¸ <link linkend="xig">Xi Graphics</link>¡A¥LÌ´£¨Ñ¤F¤@Ó - FreeBSD a.out ®æ¦¡ªº Motif 2.0 ®M¥ó¡C</para> - - <para>¦b³o®M¥ó¤¤¥]¬A¤F¡G</para> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Development kit with uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, include - and Imake files.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Static and dynamic libraries (for use with FreeBSD - 2.2.8 and earlier).</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Demonstration applets.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Preformatted man pages.</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - - <para>¦b§A¸ò¥LÌqÁÊ Motif ®É¡A½Ð¤@©wµù©ú§Anªº¬O FreeBSD ªºª©¥»¡I - ¦]¬° <emphasis>Xi Graphics</emphasis> ¤]¦P®É´£¨Ñ¤F BSDI ¸ò Linux - ª©¥»ªº Motif¡C¥Ø«eµo¦æªºª©¥»¬O©ñ¦b¥|¶ôºÏ¤ù¤¤¡A±N¨Ó¥LÌ·|±N©Ò¦³ªº - ªF¦è³£©ñ¨ì¥úºÐ¸Ì¡A´N¹³¥L̩ҵo¦æªº CDE ¤@¼Ë¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="cde"> - <para>¦bþÃä¥i§ä¨ìµ¹ FreeBSD ¥Îªº CDE¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para><link linkend="xig">Xi Graphics</link> ¥H«e¦³½æ FreeBSD ¥Îªº - CDE¡A¤£¹L²{¤w°±¤îµo°â¤F¡C</para> - - <para>´N³\¦h¤è±¦Ó¨¥¡A<ulink url="http://www.kde.org/">KDE</ulink> ³oÓ open - source ªº®à±Àô¹Ò»P CDE ¬Û·íÃþ¦ü¡C¦¹¥~¡A§A¥i¯à·|³ßÅw¨Ï¥Î <ulink - url="http://www.xfce.org/">xfce</ulink>¡CKDE ¤Î xfce ³£¥i¥Ñ <ulink url="&url.base;/ports/index.html">ports - ¾÷¨î</ulink>¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="commercial-xserver"> - <para>¦³¨S¦³n¿ú¡A¦ý¬O°ª®Ä²vªº X servers¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦³¡A <ulink url="http://www.xig.com/">Xi Graphics</ulink> - ¦³´£¨Ñµ¹ FreeBSD¡]©Î¨ä¥L Intel ¥¥x¤W¡^¥Îªº X µøµ¡¥[³t²£«~¡C</para> - - - <para>Xi Graphics ©Ò´£¨Ñªº°ª®Ä¯à X Server ¦³«D±`²³æªº³]©w¤è¦¡¡A - ¨Ã¥B¤ä´©¤F¥Ø«e¥«±¤W·í¬õªº¦U¤j¼tµPªºÅã¥Ü¥d¡C¥¦¥uµ¹§A Binary ÀɮסA - ¬O¥ÎºÏ¤ùªº¤è¦¡µo¦æ¡AFreeBSD ¸ò Linux ª©¥»³£¬Û¦P¡CXi Graphics ¦P®É - ¤]´£¨Ñ¤F±Mªùµ¹µ§°O«¬¹q¸£¥Îªº°ª®Ä¯à X Server¡C<anchor id="xig"/></para> - - <para>5.0 ª©¦³´£¨Ñ§K¶Oªº¬Û®e <quote>demo</quote> ª©¥»</para> - - <para>Xi Graphics ¤]¦³¦b½æ FreeBSD ¥Îªº Motif ¸ò CDE¡]©¹¤W±¬Ý¬Ý¡^¡C - </para> - - <variablelist> - <varlistentry> - <term>§ó¦hªº¸ê°T</term> - <listitem> - <para><ulink url="http://www.xig.com/"> - Xi Graphics WWW page</ulink></para> - </listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term>©Î</term> - <listitem> - <para><email>sales@xig.com</email> - ©Î <email>support@xig.com</email> - </para> - </listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term>©Î</term> - <listitem> - <para>phone (800) 946 7433 or +1 303 298-7478.</para> - </listitem> - </varlistentry> - </variablelist> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="database-systems"> - <para>¦b FreeBSD ¤W¦³¥ô¦óªº¸ê®Æ®w¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦³! ½Ð¬Ý FreeBSD ºô¯¸¤W <ulink - url="../../../../commercial/software_bycat.html#CATEGORY_DATABASE"> - °Ó·~³nÅ餽¥q </ulink> ³o¤@³¡¥÷¡C</para> - - <para>ÁÙ¦³½Ð°Ñ¦Ò ports ¤¤ <ulink - url="../../../../ports/databases.html"> - Databases</ulink> ¬ÛÃöªº¦¬¶°¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="oracle-support"> - <para>¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤W°õ¦æ Oracle ¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¥i¥H¡A¤U±³oÓºô¶·|»¡©ú¦p¦ó¦b FreeBSD ¤W°õ¦æ Linux - ª©ªº Oracle¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.scc.nl/~marcel/howto-oracle.html"> - http://www.scc.nl/~marcel/howto-oracle.html</ulink></para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.lf.net/lf/pi/oracle/install-linux-oracle-on-freebsd"> - - http://www.lf.net/lf/pi/oracle/install-linux-oracle-on-freebsd</ulink></para> - - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - </qandaset> - </chapter> - - <chapter id="applications"> - <chapterinfo> - <author> - <firstname>Kang-min</firstname> - <surname>Liu</surname> - <affiliation> - <address><email>gugod@gugod.org</email></address> - </affiliation> - </author> - </chapterinfo> - - <title>¤@¯ëÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡</title> - - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question id="user-apps"> - <para>¶â..§Ún¦bþ§ä¨ì§Únªºµ{¦¡©O?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>½Ð¬Ý¬Ý <ulink url="../../../../ports/index.html">ports - ¥Ø¿ý</ulink> §a¡C³oÃ䦳¥÷¤w¸g port ¨ì FreeBSD ªº³nÅé¦Cªí¡C - ¥Ø«e¦³¶W¹L &os.numports; Ó³nÅé¤w¸g³Qport ¨ì FreeBSD ¤W¡A¨Ã¥B¨C¤Ñ - ³£¦b¼W¥[¤¤¡C©Ò¥H¦³ªÅ´N¦h¬Ý¬Ý³o¥÷¦Cªí¡A¤£µM§A¤]¥i¥Hq¾\ - <literal>freebsd-announce</literal> <link linkend="mailing"> - ³o¥÷ mailing list</link>¡A·|¦³¤H±N¨CÓ¬P´Á³Ì·sªº³nÅé¦Cªí¶K¦b¤W±¡C</para> - - <para>¤j³¡¥÷ªº ports À³¸Ó³£¥i¥H¦b 4.X¡B5.X ¸ò 6.X ªº¨t²Î¤W¨Ï¥Î¡C - ¨C¦¸·í FreeBSD release ·sª©®É¡A³£·|¦³¤@¥÷ ports tree ³Q©ñ¦b³o¤@Ó - release cd ¸Ì±ªº <filename>ports/</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¸Ì¡C</para> - - <para>§Ṳ́]¤ä´©¤@ºØ¥s <quote>package</quote> ªº·§©À¡A°ò¥»¤W - ´N¬O gzip À£ÁY¡B¥i¥Î¨Óµo¦æªº binary ÀɮסA¦ý¬O¸Ì±ÂäF¤@ - ¨Ç¬Û·í¦³¥Îªº¸ê°T¡A¥i¥Hµ¹¦UºØ¦Ûq¦w¸Ë¨Ó¨Ï¥Î¡C¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤£¥²ª¾ - ¹D¬YÓ package ¸Ì¨s³º¦³¥]¬Aþ¨ÇÀɮסA´N¥i`¥H«Ü¤è«K¦a«½Æ±N - ¥¦¦w¸Ë/¤Ï¦w¸Ë¡C</para> - - <para>§A¥i¥H°õ¦æ <filename>sysinstall</filename>(&os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>) «á¡A - ¦b post-configuration ¿ï³æ¤U¿ï¾Ü package ³oÓ¦w¸Ë¿ï¶µ¡F©Î - ¬O¹ï¬YÓ¦³¿³½ìªº package ÀÉ®×°õ¦æ &man.pkg.add.1; - §â¥¦¸Ë°_¨Ó¡CPackage Àɮ׳q±`¥H <filename>.tgz</filename> ©Î <filename>.tbz</filename> - ¬°°ÆÀɦW¡A¤â¤W¦³ FreeBSD CDROM ªº¤H¥i¥H¦b <filename>packages/All</filename> ³oӥؿý¤U§ä¨ì³oÃþÀɮסC - ¹ï¤£¦Pªº FreeBSD ª©¥»¡A¤]¥i¥H±q¤U¦C¦ì§}¥Ñºô¸ô¤W¨ú±o¡G</para> - - <variablelist> - <varlistentry> - <term>µ¹ 4.X-RELEASE/4-STABLE ¥Îªº</term> - <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-4-stable/"> - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-4-stable/</ulink></para> - </listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term>µ¹ 5.X-RELEASE/5-STABLE ¥Îªº</term> - <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5-stable/"> - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5-stable</ulink></para> - </listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term>µ¹ 6.X-RELEASE/6-STABLE ¥Îªº</term> - <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6-stable/"> - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6-stable</ulink></para> - </listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term>µ¹ 7-CURRENT ¥Îªº</term> - <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-7-current/"> - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-7-current</ulink></para> - </listitem> - </varlistentry> - </variablelist> - - <para>©Î¬OÂ÷§A³Ìªñªº mirror ¯¸¡C</para> - - <para>nª`·Nªº¬O¡A¦]¬°·sªº port ¤@ª½¦b¼W¥[¤¤¡A©Ò¥H¨Ã¤£¬O©Ò¦³ port - ³£¦³¬Û¹ïÀ³ªº package¡C³Ì¦n©w®ÉÀˬd<ulink - url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp.FreeBSD.org</ulink> - ¡A¬Ý¬Ý¦³þ¨Ç package ¥i¥H¥Î¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="configure-inn"> - <para>¸Ó«ç»ò³]©w INN(Internet News) ¨Ó·í news server¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¥H package ©Î port ¤è¦¡¨Ó¸Ë¦n <filename - role="package">news/inn</filename> ¤§«á¡A<ulink - url="http://www.visi.com/~barr/INN.html">Dave - Barr's INN Page</ulink> ¬OÓ«D±`¦nªº INN ¤Jªù³B¡A§A¥i¥H¦b¨ºÃä§ä¨ì INN ªº FAQ¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="java"> - <para>FreeBSD ¦³¤ä´© &java; ¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦³°Ú¡A½Ð¬Ý <ulink - url="&url.base;/java/index.html"> - http://www.FreeBSD.org/java/</ulink></para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="missing-libcso30"> - <para>§Ú¥i¥H¦bþÃä§ä¨ì libc.so.3.0?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>§A¥i¯à¦b¤@¥x 2.1.x ªº¾÷¾¹¤W¡A¶]µÛµ¹ 2.2/3.x/4.0 ªº³nÅé¡C - ½Ð¦A©¹¤W±¤@Ó³¹¸`¬Ý¡A¥¿½Tªº¨ú±oµ¹§A¾÷¾¹¥Îªº port/package¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="missing-libcso40"> - <para>¬°¦ó§Ú±o¨ì¤F³oÓ°T®§ ?<errorname>Error: can't find - libc.so.4.0</errorname>?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>§A¤£¤p¤ß§ì¤Fµ¹ 4.X ¤Î 5.X ¨t²Î¥Îªº package¡A¨Ã¥B¹Á¸ÕµÛ - ¥h¸Ë¦b§Aªº 2.X ©Î 3.X ªº¨t²Î¤W±¡C½Ð¤U¸ü¥¿½Tª©¥»ªº package¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="emul"> - <para> ghostscript ¦b§Úªº 386/486SX ¤W¦³ÂI°ÝÃD©O¡I</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>§A¨S¦³¯BÂI¹Bºâ¾¹¡A¹ï§a¡H§A¥²¶·¦b§Aªº kernel ¤¤¥[¤J¼Æ¾Ç - ¹Bºâ¼ÒÀÀ¾¹¡A§A¥i¥H¸òµÛ¤U±ªº¨BÆJ°µ¡A¨Ã¦b§ó§ï¹L§Aªº kernel ³]©w - ÀÉ«á¡A«·s½s͹L¤@¦¸¡C</para> - - <programlisting>options GPL_MATH_EMULATE</programlisting> - - <note> - <para>·í§A¥[¤J¤W¤@¦æªº¦P®É¡A§A¥²¶·±N - <literal>MATH_EMULATE</literal> ²¾°£±¼¡C</para> - </note> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="sco-socksys"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò·í§Ú°õ¦æ SCO/iBCS2 ªºµ{¦¡®É¡A¥¦¦b - <errorname>socksys</errorname> ³oÓ¦a¤è¥X¤F°ÝÃD¡H - (FreeBSD 3.0 ¥H¤Î§ó¦ªºª©¥»¤~¦³¦¹°ÝÃD¡C)</para></question> - - <answer> - <para>§A¥²¶·¥ý×§ï <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename> (©Î¬O - <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ½ÐŪ &man.rc.conf.5;) - ³oÀɮ׳̫á¤@Ó³¹¸`¡A±N¤U±©ÒÁ¿¨ìªºÅܼƳ]¦¨ - <literal>YES</literal>¡G</para> - - <programlisting># Set to YES if you want ibcs2 (SCO) emulation - loaded at startup ibcs2=NO</programlisting> - - <para>³o·|¦b¶}¾÷®É±N ibcs2 ³o¤@Ó kernel ¼Ò²Õ¸ü¤J¡C</para> - - <para>§AÁÙn±N§Aªº /compat/ibcs2/dev §ï¦¨¤U±³o¼Ë¡G</para> - - <screen>lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 X0R@ -> /dev/null -lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 7 Oct 15 22:20 nfsd@ -> socksys --rw-rw-r-- 1 root wheel 0 Oct 28 12:02 null -lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 socksys@ -> /dev/null -crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 41, 1 Oct 15 22:14 spx</screen> - - <para>§A¥u»Ýn±N socksys Âà¦V¨ì <devicename>/dev/null</devicename> - (½ÐŪ &man.null.4;) ¥hÄF¹L open & close ªº°Ê§@¡C¦b -current - ¸Ì±ªº ibcs2 ¬ÛÃöµ{¦¡½X±N·|³B²z¨ä¾lªº³¡¥÷¡A³oºØ§@ªk¤ñ¥H«eªº¤è¦¡ - °®²b¤Ó¦h¤F¡C°²¦p§A·Qn¨Ï¥Î <devicename>spx</devicename> ¤è±ªº - µ{¦¡¡A¦b§Aªº kernel ³]©wÀɸ̱ ¥[¤W<literal>SPX_HACK</literal>¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ms-frontpage"> - <para>§Ú¸Ó¨Ï¥Î¨ºÓª©¥»ªº Microsoft FrontPage¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Use the Port, Luke¡I¦b ports tree ¤¤¤w¸g¦³¤@Ó¥]§t FrontPage - 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®§¡C¦pªG»¡±zªº¨t²Î¦³³o¦w¸Ë a.out ¨ç¦¡®wªº¥²n¡A³o¨Ç¨ç¦¡®w - (compat22) ¤]¯à°÷§Q¥Î &man.sysinstall.8; ¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡C©ÎªÌ§Q¥Î - FreeBSD ì©l½X¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/lib/compat/compat22</userinput>&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen> - - <para>¦pªG§A§Æ±æ¨C¦¸ <command>make world</command> ®É·|¦Û°Ê§ó·s - compat22 ¨ç¦¡®w¡A¨º»ò×§ï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>¡A - ¥[¤J <varname>COMPAT22=YES</varname>¡C³o¨Ç¬Û®e©ó¥j¦Ñª©¥»ªº¨ç¦¡®w - ¤w¸g¨S¤°»ò¦b§ó·s¤F¡A©Ò¥H¤@¯ë»¡¨Ó¬O¤£»Ýn³o¼Ëªº¡C</para> - - <para>¦P®É¤]½Ð±z¬Ý¤@¤U 3.1-RELEASE ©M 3.2-RELEASE ªº°É»~ªí(ERRATA)¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ports-update"> - <para>§Ú§ó·s¤F¨t²Îì©l½X¡A²{¦b§Ún«ç¼Ë¤É¯Å¬YÓ¤w¸g¦w¸Ë¤W - ªº ports ?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FreeBSD ¥»¨¨Ã¨S¦³¦Û°Ê¤É¯Å ports ªº¤u¨ã¡A¦ý¦³¤@¨Ç¥i¥HÅý¤É¯Å - ²¤Æ¤@¨Çªº¤pµ{¦¡¡C§A¤]¥i¥H¦Û¤v¸Ë¤WÃB¥~ªº¤u¨ã¨Ó³B²z¡C</para> - - <para>&man.pkg.version.1; «ü¥O¥i¥H¦Û°Ê²£¥Í¥Î¨Ó¹F¨ì¦Û°Ê¤É¯Å¨ì - ports tree ³Ì·sª©¥»ªº script¡C</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_version <option>-c</option> > <replaceable>/tmp/myscript</replaceable></userinput></screen> - - <para><emphasis>¤@©wn</emphasis>¦b¤â°Ê×§ï¤@¤U²£¥Í¥X¨Óªº script¡C - ¥Ø«eªº &man.pkg.version.1; ¦b script ³Ì«e±¥[¤J &man.exit.1; ±j - ¢§A¥hק復¡C</para> - - <para>§AÀ³±N°õ¦æ script ©Ò²£¥Íªº¿é¥X°O¿ý¤U¨Ó¡A¦]¬°¸Ì±·|¦³°O¸ü¬Y¨Ç - ©|¥¼¤É¯Å¦ý¤w¸g§ó·sªº ports¡C¤£¹L§A¤£¤@©wn¥h¤É¯Å¥¦Ì¡C³q±`¬O¦]¬° - ¦³¬YÓ¦@¥Îªº¨ç¦¡®w¤w¸g§ïÅܪ©¥»¸¹¤F¡A¤~n¥h«½s¤@¦¸¨º¨Ç¨Ï¥Î¨ì¸Ó¨ç - ¦¡®wªº ports¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG§AªºµwºÐªÅ¶¡«Ü°÷¡A¨º»ò¥i¥H¥Î <command>portupgrade</command> - ³oÓ¤u¨ã¨Ó°µ¥þ¦Û°Ê³B¸Ì¡C<command>portupgrade</command> ¸Ì±¤]¦³ - ¤@¨Ç¤pµ{¦¡¨Ó²¤Æ package ¤É¯Å¡A¥¦¦b - <filename role="package">sysutils/portupgrade</filename>¡C - ³oÓ¤u¨ã¬O¥Î Ruby ³oÓ»y¨¥¼gªº¡A©Ò¥H¨Ã¤£¾A¦X¥[¤J¨ì FreeBSD ªºì - ©l½X¤¤¡A¤£¹L¨Ã¤£·|¦]¦¹Åý¬Y¨Ç¤H¤£¥Î¥¦¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG§Aªº¨t²Î¤@ª½³£³B©ó¶}¾÷ª¬ºA¡A¥i§Q¥Î &man.periodic.8; ¨t²Î¡A - ¨CÓ¬P´Á²£¥Í¤@±i»Ýn¤É¯Åªº²M³æ¡C¥un¦b - <filename>/etc/periodic.conf</filename> ¥[¤J - <literal>weekly_status_pkg_enable="YES"</literal> ´N¥i¥H¤F¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="minima-sh"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò <command>/bin/sh</command>³o»òªº¤p¡H¬°¤°»ò FreeBSD - ¤£§ï¥Î <command>bash</command> ©ÎªÌ¬O¨ä¥L¤ñ¸û±j®«ªº shell¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦]¬° POSIX »¡¡A¸Ón¦³³o»ò¼Ëªº¤@Ó shell ¦b¤~¦æ¡C</para> - - <para>¤ñ¸ûÁcº¾ªºµª®×¡G³\¦h¤H»Ýn¼g¥i¥H¸ó«Ü¦h¥¥xªº shell script ¡C - ³o¤]¬O¬°¦ó POSIX ±N shell ¥H¤Î¤u¨ã©RºÙ³£©w¸qªº«D±`¸Ô²Óªº½t¬G¡C - ¤j³¡¥÷ªº script ³£¾A¥Î©ó Bourne shell¡A¤S¦]¬°¦³´XÓ«nªº - ¼gµ{¦¡©Ò¥Î¨ìªºµ{¦¡©ÎªÌ¨ç¦¡ (&man.make.1; , &man.system.3;, - &man.popen.3;, ÁÙ¦³¦b Perl ©ÎªÌ Tcl ¸Ì±©I¥s¨t²Îµ{¦¡ªº¦a¤è) - ³£«ü©w¥Î Bourne shell ¡C¨º»ò¦]¬° Bourne Shell ¦p¦¹ªº¼sªx±`¥Î¡A - ¨º»ò¥¦ªº°õ¦æ®Ä²v«K«Ü«n¡A§Ö³t¬O¥¦¨M©w©ÊªºnÂI¤§¤@¡AÁÙn¤£¦û¤Ó¦h - °O¾ÐÅé¡C</para> - - <para>¥Ø«eªº <command>/bin/sh</command> ¤w¬O§Ú̹äßÃw¦å¤§§@¡A¥¦¤w - ¸gºÉ¶q¦a²Å¦X¼Ð·Ç³W©w¡C¬°¤FÅý¥¦«D±`¤p¡A§ÚÌ®³±¼¤F¤@¨Ç¨ä¥L shell - ¦³ªº¤è«K¥\¯à¡C³o¤]¬O¬°¤°»ò ports ¸Ì±ÁÙ¦³«Ü¦h±j®«ªº shell ¡A¹³¬O - bash, scsh, tcsh ¥H¤Î zsh ¡C (§A¥i¥H¦Û¤v¤ñ¸û¤@¤U³o¨Ç shell °õ¦æ - ®É©Ò¦ûªº°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¡A¥h¬Ý¬Ý <command>ps -u</command> ¦C¥X¨Óªº - <quote>VSZ</quote> ©M <quote>RSS</quote> ³o¨âÓÄæ¦ì´Nª¾¹D¤F¡C) - </para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="netscape-slow-startup"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò Netscape ©M Opera nªá¦n¤[ªº®É¶¡¤~¯à±Ò°Ê¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>³q±`¬O¦]¬°§Aªº DNS ¨S¦³³]©w¦n¡C Netscape ¸ò Opera ¦b±Ò°Êªº®ÉÔ - ³£·|¥hÀˬd¤@¤U DNS¡Cª½¨ì DNS ¦³¦^À³¡A©ÎªÌ¬OÂ_©wºô¸ô¥Ø«e¬OÂ_½u¤§«á¡A - ¥¦Ì¤~·|Åã¥Üµe±¥X¨Ó¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - </qandaset> - </chapter> - - - <chapter id="kernelconfig"> - <chapterinfo> - <author> - <firstname>Kang-min</firstname> - <surname>Liu</surname> - <affiliation> - <address><email>gugod@gugod.org</email></address> - </affiliation> - </author> - </chapterinfo> - - <title>kernel ³]©w</title> - - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question id="make-kernel"> - <para>§Ú·Q¦Ûq kernel¡A³o·|«Ü§xÃø¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¤£·|¡I½Ð¬d¾\ <ulink url="../../handbook/kernelconfig.html"> - ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤¤ªº kernel ³]©w¤@¸`</ulink>¡C</para> - - <note> - <para>§Ú·|«ØÄ³§A¦b§AÅý®Ö¤ß¯à¥¿±`¤u§@«á¡A°µ¤@Ó - <filename>kernel.YYMMDD</filename> ¤é´Á§Î¦¡ªº³Æ¥÷¡A¦P®É¤]³Æ¥÷ - <filename>/module</filename>³oӥؿý¦Ü - <filename>/modules.YYMMDD</filename>¡C³o¼Ë¤U¦¸¦pªG§A«Ü¤£©¯ªºª± - Ãa¤F³]©w¡A¦Ü¤Ö¥i¥H¤£»Ýn¨Ï¥Î³Ìì©lªº - <filename>kernel.GENERIC</filename>¡C¦p§A¥¿±q¤@Ó GENERIC - kernel ¸Ì±¤£¤ä´©ªº±±¨î¾¹¸Ì±Ò°Ê®É¡A³o´NÅã±o¯S§O«n¡C</para> - </note> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="missing-hw-float"> - <para>§Úªº®Ö¤ß¦]¬° <literal>_hw_float</literal>¿ò¥¢¦Ó½sĶ¥¢±Ñ¡C - ¸Ó«ç»ò×¥¿©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Åý§Ú²q¬Ý¬Ý¡A§A§â <devicename>npx0</devicename> - (¸Ô¨£ &man.npx.4;) ±q§Aªº kernel ³]©wÀɲ¾°£¤F¡A¦]¬°§A¨S¦³¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¾¹¡A - ¹ï¶Ü¡H¿ù¤F¡I:-) ³oÓ <devicename>npx0</devicename>¬O - <emphasis>¥²¶·n¦³ªº</emphasis>¡C´Nºâ§A¨S¦³¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¾¹¡A§AÁÙ¬O - <emphasis>¥²¶·</emphasis> ¤Þ¤J <devicename>npx0</devicename> ¸Ë¸m¡C - </para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="why-kernel-big"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò³y¥X¨Óªº kernel ³o»ò¤j (10MB ¥H¤W) ¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>³o«Ü¦³¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°¡A§A§â kernel ½s¦¨ <emphasis>°»¿ù¼Ò¦¡</emphasis> - ¤F¡C°»¿ù¼Ò¦¡¤§¤Uªº kernel ¸Ì±·|¦sµÛ°»¿ù¥Îªº³\¦h²Å¸¹¡A¦]¦¹·|¤j´T - ¼W¥[ kernel ªº¤j¤p¡C¦pªG»¡§Aªº FreeBSD ¬O 3.0 ¥H«áªºª©¥»¡A³o¹ï©ó - ®Ä¯à¨Ó»¡¼vÅT¨Ã¤£¤j¡A´X¥G¬O¨S¦³¡C¦Ó¦b¨t²Î·|¦]¬Y¨Çì¦] panic ®É¡A - ¦³Ó°»¿ù¼Ò¦¡ªº kernel ¦b¤]®¼¦³¥Îªº¡C</para> - - <para>¤£¹L©O¡A¦pªG§AªººÏºÐªÅ¶¡«Ü¤p¡A©ÎªÌ§A´N¬O¤£·Q¥Î°»¿ù¼Ò¦¡ªº - kernel ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð½T»{¥H¤U¨Æ±¡¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>kernel ³]©wÀɸ̱¨S¦³³o¤@¦æ¡G</para> - - <programlisting>makeoptions DEBUGS=-g </programlisting> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>°õ¦æ &man.config.8; ®É¨S¦³¥[¤W <option>-g</option> - ³oÓ¿ï¶µ¡C</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - - <para>¥H¤W¨â¥ó¨Æ±¡³£·|Åý§A½s¥X¤@Ó°»¿ù¼Ò¦¡ªº kernel¡C¦ý¥unÁ×§K¤§¡A - ´N¥i¥H½s¥X¤@Ó¥¿±`ªº kernel¡A¦Ó§A¤]·|ª`·N¨ì¡Akernel ©úÅ㪺Åܤp¤F¡F - ¤j³¡¥÷ªº kernel ³£®t¤£¦h¦b 1.5MB ¨ì 2MB ¤§¶¡¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="multiport-serial-interrupts"> - <para>¬°¦ó¥X²{¤F multi-port serial code ªº¤¤Â_½Ä¬ð¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>·í§Ú½sͤ@Ó multi-port serial code ªº®Ö¤ß®É¡A¥¦§i¶D§Ú¥u¦³ - ²Ä¤@Ó³Q°»´ú¨ì¡A¨ä¥Lªº«h¦]¤¤Â_½Ä¬ð¦Ó¸õ¹L¤F¡A§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò×¥¿¥¦¡H</para> - - <para>³oÓ°ÝÃD¬O¦]¬° FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤º«Øµ{¦¡½XÁ×§K¦]¬°µwÅé©Î³nÅé½Ä¬ð - ¾ÉP kernel ¹L©óªÎ¤j©ÎµL¥Î¡Cn×¥¿³oºØ±¡§Îªº¤èªk¬O°£¤F¤@Ó port - ¥~§â¨ä¥L©Ò¦³ªº IRQ ³]©w³£°µ«O¯d¡C³o¸Ì¦³¤@Ó½d¨Ò¡G</para> - - <programlisting># -# Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS -# -device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr</programlisting> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="generic-kernel-build-failure"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤@Ó kernel ³£½s¤£°_¨Ó¡H¬Æ¦Ü GENERIC ¤]¤£¦æ¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>³o¦³«Ü¦hºØ¥i¯àªºì¦]¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>§A¨S¦³¥Î·sªº <command>make buildkernel</command> »P - <command>make installkernel</command> ³o¨âÓ¤èªk¨Ó½s¡A¦Ó¥¿¦n - §Aªº¨t²Îì©l½Xªºª©¥»©M¥¿¦b°õ¦æªº¨t²Î®Ö¤ßª©¥»¤£¤@¼Ë (¹³¬O¡A - ¦b¶] 4.0-RELEASE ªº¨t²Î¤W¹Á¸ÕµÛ½s 4.3-RELEASE)¡C¦pªG»¡§An¤É - ¯Å¨t²Îªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°È¥²¥h¬Ý¬Ý <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> - ³oÓÀɮסA¯S§Oª`·N³Ì«á±ªº <quote>COMMON ITEMS</quote> - ³oÓ¤p¸`¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>§A¤w¸g¥Î¤W <command>make buildkernel</command> ¥H¤Î - <command>make installkernel</command> ¤F¡A¦ý¬O¦b - <command>make buildworld</command> ®É¥¢±Ñ¤F¡C¥i±¤ªº¬O¡A - <command>make buildkernel</command> n¦¨¥\¡A»Ýn¨Ì¿à - <command>make buildworld</command> «á³y¥X¨Óªº¤@¨ÇÀɮסC</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>´Nºâ¬O§A¦b½s <link linkend="stable">&os.stable;</link>¡A - ÁÙ¬O¦³¥i¯à§A§ì¨ì¤F¥¿¦bק襤¡A©ÎµÛ¦]¬°¬Y¨Ç½t¬G¦Ó®Ú¥»ÁÙ¨S§ï¦n - ªºì©l½X¡FÁöµM»¡ <link linkend="stable">&os.stable;</link> - ¤j³¡¥÷ªº®ÉÔ³£¬O¥i¥H½sªº¡A¦ý¥u¦³ RELEASE ¤~¬O«OÃÒ¥i¥H½sªº¡C¸I - ¨ì³oÓ°ÝÃD®É¡A¦A¦¸§ó·sì©l½X¨Ã¥B¦A¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¡C¤]¦³¥i¯à¬O©ñì©l½Xªº - ¦øªA¾¹¥X²{¬Y¨Ç°ÝÃD¡A©Ò¥H§ó·sì©l½X®É¤]¸Õ¸Õ±q¤£¦P¦øªA¾¹¨Ó§ó·s¬Ý - ¬Ý¡C</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - </qandaset> - </chapter> - - <chapter id="disks"> - <title>µwºÐ¡BÀɮרt²Î¡BBoot Loader</title> - - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question id="new-huge-disk"> - <para>§Ún«ç»ò§â§Úªº¨t²Î·h¨ì·sµwºÐ¤W±¥h¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>²z·Qªº¤è¦¡¬O¥ý¦b·sµwºÐ¤W«¸Ë¦n§@·~¨t²Î¡AµM«á§â¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¬ÛÃöµ{¦¡¡B¸ê®Æ·h¹L¥h´N¦n¡C - This is highly - recommended if you have been tracking -STABLE for more - than one release, or have updated a release instead of - installing a new one. You can install booteasy on both - disks with &man.boot0cfg.8;, and dual boot them until - you are happy with the new configuration. Skip the - next paragraph to find out how to move the data after - doing this.</para> - - <para>Should you decide not to do a fresh install, you - need to partition and label the new disk with either - <filename>sysinstall</filename>(&os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>), or &man.fdisk.8; - and &man.disklabel.8;. You should also install booteasy - on both disks with &man.boot0cfg.8;, so that you can - dual boot to the old or new system after the copying - is done.</para> - - <para>Now you have the new disk set up, and are ready - to move the data. Unfortunately, you cannot just blindly - copy the data. Things like device files (in - <filename>/dev</filename>), flags, and links tend to - screw that up. You need to use tools that understand - these things, which means &man.dump.8;. - Although it is suggested that you move the data in single user - mode, it is not required.</para> - - <para>You should never use anything but &man.dump.8; and - &man.restore.8; to move the root filesystem. The - &man.tar.1; command may work - then again, it may not. - You should also use &man.dump.8; and &man.restore.8; - if you are moving a single partition to another empty - partition. The sequence of steps to use dump to move - a partitions data to a new partition is:</para> - - <procedure> - <step> - <para>newfs the new partition.</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>mount it on a temporary mount point.</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>cd to that directory.</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>dump the old partition, piping output to the - new one.</para> - </step> - </procedure> - - <para>For example, if you are going to move root to - <devicename>/dev/ad1s1a</devicename>, with - <filename>/mnt</filename> as the temporary mount point, - it is:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ad1s1a</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ad1s1a /mnt</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /mnt</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>dump 0af - / | restore xf -</userinput></screen> - - <para>Rearranging your partitions with dump takes a bit more - work. To merge a partition like <filename>/var</filename> - into its parent, create the new partition large enough - for both, move the parent partition as described above, - then move the child partition into the empty directory - that the first move created:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ad1s1a</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ad1s1a /mnt</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /mnt</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>dump 0af - / | restore xf -</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>cd var</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>dump 0af - /var | restore xf -</userinput></screen> - - <para>To split a directory from its parent, say putting - <filename>/var</filename> on its own partition when it was not - before, create both partitions, then mount the child partition - on the appropriate directory in the temporary mount point, then - move the old single partition:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ad1s1a</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ad1s1d</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ad1s1a /mnt</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /mnt/var</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ad1s1d /mnt/var</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /mnt</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>dump 0af - / | restore xf -</userinput></screen> - - <para>You might prefer &man.cpio.1;, &man.pax.1;, - &man.tar.1; to &man.dump.8; for user data. At the time of - this writing, these are known to lose file flag information, - so use them with caution.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="dangerously-dedicated"> - <para>Will a <quote>dangerously dedicated</quote> disk endanger - my health?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - - <para><anchor id="dedicate"/>The installation procedure allows - you to chose two different methods in partitioning your - hard disk(s). The default way makes it compatible with other - operating systems on the same machine, by using fdisk table - entries (called <quote>slices</quote> in FreeBSD), with a - FreeBSD slice that employs partitions of its own. Optionally, - one can chose to install a boot-selector to switch between the - possible operating systems on the disk(s). The alternative uses - the entire disk for FreeBSD, and makes no attempt to be - compatible with other operating systems.</para> - - <para>So why it is called <quote>dangerous</quote>? A disk - in this mode does not contain what normal PC utilities - would consider a valid fdisk table. Depending on how well - they have been designed, they might complain at you once - they are getting in contact with such a disk, or even - worse, they might damage the BSD bootstrap without even - asking or notifying you. In addition, the - <quote>dangerously dedicated</quote> disk's layout is - known to confuse many BIOSes, including those from AWARD - (e.g. as found in HP Netserver and Micronics systems as - well as many others) and Symbios/NCR (for the popular - 53C8xx range of SCSI controllers). This is not a complete - list, there are more. Symptoms of this confusion include - the <errorname>read error</errorname> message printed by - the FreeBSD bootstrap when it cannot find itself, as well - as system lockups when booting.</para> - - <para>Why have this mode at all then? It only saves a few kbytes - of disk space, and it can cause real problems for a new - installation. <quote>Dangerously dedicated</quote> mode's - origins lie in a desire to avoid one of the most common - problems plaguing new FreeBSD installers - matching the BIOS - <quote>geometry</quote> numbers for a disk to the disk - itself.</para> - - <para><quote>Geometry</quote> is an outdated concept, but one - still at the heart of the PC's BIOS and its interaction with - disks. When the FreeBSD installer creates slices, it has to - record the location of these slices on the disk in a fashion - that corresponds with the way the BIOS expects to find them. If - it gets it wrong, you will not be able to boot.</para> - - <para><quote>Dangerously dedicated</quote> mode tries to work - around this by making the problem simpler. In some cases, it - gets it right. But it is meant to be used as a last-ditch - alternative - there are better ways to solve the problem 99 - times out of 100.</para> - - <para>So, how do you avoid the need for <quote>DD</quote> mode - when you are installing? Start by making a note of the geometry - that your BIOS claims to be using for your disks. You can - arrange to have the kernel print this as it boots by specifying - <option>-v</option> at the <literal>boot:</literal> prompt, or - using <command>boot -v</command> in the loader. Just before the - installer starts, the kernel will print a list of BIOS - geometries. Do not panic - wait for the installer to start and - then use scrollback to read the numbers. Typically the BIOS - disk units will be in the same order that FreeBSD lists your - disks, first IDE, then SCSI.</para> - - <para>When you are slicing up your disk, check that the disk - geometry displayed in the FDISK screen is correct (ie. it - matches the BIOS numbers); if it is wrong, use the - <keycap>g</keycap> key to fix it. You may have to do this if - there is absolutely nothing on the disk, or if the disk has been - moved from another system. Note that this is only an issue with - the disk that you are going to boot from; FreeBSD will sort - itself out just fine with any other disks you may have.</para> - - <para>Once you have got the BIOS and FreeBSD agreeing about the - geometry of the disk, your problems are almost guaranteed to be - over, and with no need for <quote>DD</quote> mode at all. If, - however, you are still greeted with the dreaded <errorname>read - error</errorname> message when you try to boot, it is time to cross - your fingers and go for it - there is nothing left to - lose.</para> - - <para>To return a <quote>dangerously dedicated</quote> disk - for normal PC use, there are basically two options. The first - is, you write enough NULL bytes over the MBR to make any - subsequent installation believe this to be a blank disk. You - can do this for example with</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda0 count=15</userinput></screen> - - <para>Alternatively, the undocumented DOS - <quote>feature</quote></para> - - <screen><prompt>C:\></prompt> <userinput>fdisk /mbr</userinput></screen> - - <para>will to install a new master boot record as well, thus - clobbering the BSD bootstrap.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="safe-softupdates"> - <para>Which partitions can safely use Soft Updates? I have - heard that Soft Updates on <filename>/</filename> can cause - problems.</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Short answer: you can usually use Soft Updates safely - on all partitions.</para> - - <para>Long answer: There used to be some concern over using - Soft Updates on the root partition. Soft Updates has two - characteristics that caused this. First, a Soft Updates - partition has a small chance of losing data during a - system crash. (The partition will not be corrupted; the - data will simply be lost.) Also, Soft Updates can cause - temporary space shortages.</para> - - <para>When using Soft Updates, the kernel can take up to - thirty seconds to actually write changes to the physical - disk. If you delete a large file, the file still resides - on disk until the kernel actually performs the deletion. - This can cause a very simple race condition. Suppose you - delete one large file and immediately create another large - file. The first large file is not yet actually removed - from the physical disk, so the disk might not have enough - room for the second large file. You get an error that the - partition does not have enough space, although you know - perfectly well that you just released a large chunk of - space! When you try again mere seconds later, the file - creation works as you expect. This has left more than one - user scratching his head and doubting his sanity, the - FreeBSD filesystem, or both.</para> - - <para>If a system should crash after the kernel accepts a - chunk of data for writing to disk, but before that data is - actually written out, data could be lost or corrupted. - This risk is extremely small, but generally manageable. - Use of IDE write caching greatly increases this risk; it - is strongly recommended that you disable IDE write caching - when using Soft Updates.</para> - - <para>These issues affect all partitions using Soft Updates. - So, what does this mean for the root partition?</para> - - <para>Vital information on the root partition changes very - rarely. Files such as <filename>/kernel</filename> and - the contents of <filename>/etc</filename> only change - during system maintenance, or when users change their - passwords. If the system crashed during the - thirty-second window after such a change is made, it is - possible that data could be lost. This risk is negligible - for most applications, but you should be aware that it - exists. If your system cannot tolerate this much risk, - do not use Soft Updates on the root filesystem!</para> - - <para><filename>/</filename> is traditionally one of the - smallest partitions. By default, FreeBSD puts the - <filename>/tmp</filename> directory on - <filename>/</filename>. If you have a busy - <filename>/tmp</filename>, you might see intermittent - space problems. Symlinking <filename>/tmp</filename> to - <filename>/var/tmp</filename> will solve this - problem.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="inappropriate-ccd"> - <para>What is inappropriate about my ccd?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>The symptom of this is:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ccdconfig -C</userinput> -ccdconfig: ioctl (CCDIOCSET): /dev/ccd0c: Inappropriate file type or format</screen> - - <para>This usually happens when you are trying to concatenate - the <literal>c</literal> partitions, which default to type - <literal>unused</literal>. The ccd driver requires the - underlying partition type to be FS_BSDFFS. Edit the disklabel - of the disks you are trying to concatenate and change the types - of partitions to <literal>4.2BSD</literal>.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ccd-disklabel"> - <para>Why can I not edit the disklabel on my ccd?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>The symptom of this is:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel ccd0</userinput> -(it prints something sensible here, so let us try to edit it) -&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -e ccd0</userinput> -(edit, save, quit) -disklabel: ioctl DIOCWDINFO: No disk label on disk; -use "disklabel -r" to install initial label</screen> - - <para>This is because the disklabel returned by ccd is actually - a <quote>fake</quote> one that is not really on the disk. - You can solve this problem by writing it back explicitly, - as in:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel ccd0 > /tmp/disklabel.tmp</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -Rr ccd0 /tmp/disklabel.tmp</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -e ccd0</userinput> -(this will work now)</screen> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="mount-foreign-fs"> - <para>Can I mount other foreign filesystems under FreeBSD?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FreeBSD supports a variety of other - filesystems.</para> - - <variablelist> - <varlistentry> - <term>Digital UNIX</term> - - <listitem> - <para>UFS CDROMs can be mounted directly on FreeBSD. - Mounting disk partitions from Digital UNIX and other - systems that support UFS may be more complex, depending - on the details of the disk partitioning for the operating - system in question.</para> - </listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term>&linux;</term> - - <listitem> - <para>FreeBSD supports <literal>ext2fs</literal> - partitions. See &man.mount.ext2fs.8; for more - information.</para> - </listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term>&windowsnt;</term> - - <listitem> - <para>FreeBSD includes a read-only NTFS driver. For - more information, see &man.mount.ntfs.8;. - </para> - </listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term>FAT</term> - - <listitem> - <para>FreeBSD includes a read-write FAT driver. For - more information, see &man.mount.msdosfs.8;.</para> - </listitem> - </varlistentry> - </variablelist> - - <para>FreeBSD also supports network filesystems such as NFS - (see &man.mount.nfs.8;), NetWare (see &man.mount.nwfs.8;), - and Microsoft-style SMB filesystems (see - &man.mount.smbfs.8;).</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="mount-dos"> - <para>How do I mount a secondary DOS partition?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - - <para>The secondary DOS partitions are found after ALL the - primary partitions. For example, if you have an - <quote>E</quote> partition as the second DOS partition on - the second SCSI drive, you need to create the special files - for <quote>slice 5</quote> in <filename>/dev</filename>, - then mount <devicename>/dev/da1s5</devicename>:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV da1s5</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t msdos /dev/da1s5 /dos/e</userinput></screen> - - <note> - <para>You can omit this step if you are running FreeBSD - 5.0-RELEASE or newer with &man.devfs.5; - enabled.</para> - </note> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="crypto-filesystem"> - <para>&os; ¦³ÀÉ®×¥[±K¨t²Î¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - - <para>¦³°Ú¡I FreeBSD 5.0 °_¤º«Ø &man.gbde.8;¡A¦Ó FreeBSD 6.0 - ¤S¥[¤W &man.geli.8;¡C ¦Ó¸û¦´Áªºª©¥»¡A½Ð¦h§Q¥Î <filename - role="package">security/cfs</filename> port¡AÁÂÁ¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="nt-bootloader"> - <para>How can I use the &windowsnt; loader to boot FreeBSD?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>The general idea is that you copy the first sector of your - native root FreeBSD partition into a file in the DOS/&windowsnt; - partition. Assuming you name that file something like - <filename>c:\bootsect.bsd</filename> (inspired by - <filename>c:\bootsect.dos</filename>), you can then edit the - <filename>c:\boot.ini</filename> file to come up with something - like this:</para> - - <programlisting>[boot loader] -timeout=30 -default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS -[operating systems] -multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Windows NT" -C:\BOOTSECT.BSD="FreeBSD" -C:\="DOS"</programlisting> - - <para>If FreeBSD is installed on the same disk as the &windowsnt; boot - partition simply copy <filename>/boot/boot1</filename> to - <filename>C:\BOOTSECT.BSD</filename>. However, if FreeBSD is - installed on a different disk <filename>/boot/boot1</filename> - will not work, <filename>/boot/boot0</filename> is needed.</para> - - <para><filename>/boot/boot0</filename> needs to be installed - using sysinstall(&os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>) by selecting the FreeBSD boot manager on - the screen which asks if you wish to use a boot - manager. This is because <filename>/boot/boot0</filename> - has the partition table area filled with NULL characters - but sysinstall copies the partition table before copying - <filename>/boot/boot0</filename> to the MBR.</para> - - <warning> - <para><emphasis>Do not simply copy <filename>/boot/boot0</filename> - instead of <filename>/boot/boot1</filename>; you will - overwrite your partition table and render your computer - un-bootable!</emphasis></para> - </warning> - - <para>When the FreeBSD boot manager runs it records the last - OS booted by setting the active flag on the partition table - entry for that OS and then writes the whole 512-bytes of itself - back to the MBR so if you just copy - <filename>/boot/boot0</filename> to - <filename>C:\BOOTSECT.BSD</filename> then it writes an empty - partition table, with the active flag set on one entry, to the - MBR.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="lilo-bootloader"> - <para>How do I boot FreeBSD and &linux; from LILO?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>If you have FreeBSD and &linux; on the same disk, just follow - LILO's installation instructions for booting a non-&linux; - operating system. Very briefly, these are:</para> - - <para>Boot &linux;, and add the following lines to - <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename>:</para> - - <programlisting>other=/dev/hda2 - table=/dev/hda - label=FreeBSD</programlisting> - - <para>(the above assumes that your FreeBSD slice is known to - &linux; as <devicename>/dev/hda2</devicename>; tailor to - suit your setup). Then, run <command>lilo</command> as - <username>root</username> and you should be done.</para> - - <para>If FreeBSD resides on another disk, you need to add - <literal>loader=/boot/chain.b</literal> to the LILO entry. - For example:</para> - - <programlisting>other=/dev/dab4 - table=/dev/dab - loader=/boot/chain.b - label=FreeBSD</programlisting> - - <para>In some cases you may need to specify the BIOS drive number - to the FreeBSD boot loader to successfully boot off the second - disk. For example, if your FreeBSD SCSI disk is probed by BIOS - as BIOS disk 1, at the FreeBSD boot loader prompt you need to - specify:</para> - - <screen>Boot: <userinput>1:da(0,a)/kernel</userinput></screen> - - <para>You can configure - &man.boot.8; - to automatically do this for you at boot time.</para> - - <para>The <ulink - url="http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Linux+FreeBSD.html"> - &linux;+FreeBSD mini-HOWTO</ulink> is a good reference for - FreeBSD and &linux; interoperability issues.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="booteasy-loader"> - <para>How do I boot FreeBSD and &linux; using BootEasy?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Install LILO at the start of your &linux; boot partition - instead of in the Master Boot Record. You can then boot LILO - from BootEasy.</para> - - <para>If you are running &windows; 95 and &linux; this is recommended - anyway, to make it simpler to get &linux; booting again if you - should need to reinstall &windows; 95 (which is a Jealous - Operating System, and will bear no other Operating Systems in - the Master Boot Record).</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="changing-bootprompt"> - <para>How do I change the boot prompt from <literal>???</literal> to - something more meaningful?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>You can not do that with the standard boot manager without - rewriting it. There are a number of other boot managers - in the <filename>sysutils</filename> ports category that - provide this functionality.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="removable-drives"> - <para>I have a new removable drive, how do I use it?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - - <para>Whether it is a removable drive like a &iomegazip; or an EZ drive - (or even a floppy, if you want to use it that way), or a new - hard disk, once it is installed and recognized by the system, - and you have your cartridge/floppy/whatever slotted in, things - are pretty much the same for all devices.</para> - - <para>(this section is based on <ulink - url="http://www.vmunix.com/mark/FreeBSD/ZIP-FAQ.html"> - Mark Mayo's ZIP FAQ</ulink>)</para> - - <para>If it is a ZIP drive or a floppy, you have already got a DOS - filesystem on it, you can use a command like this:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t msdos /dev/fd0c /floppy</userinput></screen> - - <para>if it is a floppy, or this:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t msdos /dev/da2s4 /zip</userinput></screen> - - <para>for a ZIP disk with the factory configuration.</para> - - <para>For other disks, see how they are laid out using - &man.fdisk.8; or - &man.sysinstall.8;.</para> - - <para>The rest of the examples will be for a ZIP drive on da2, - the third SCSI disk.</para> - - <para>Unless it is a floppy, or a removable you plan on sharing - with other people, it is probably a better idea to stick a BSD - filesystem on it. You will get long filename support, at least a - 2X improvement in performance, and a lot more stability. First, - you need to redo the DOS-level partitions/filesystems. You can - either use &man.fdisk.8; or - <filename>sysinstall</filename>(&os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>), or for a small drive - that you do not want to bother with multiple operating system - support on, just blow away the whole FAT partition table - (slices) and just use the BSD partitioning:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda2 count=2</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -Brw da2 auto</userinput></screen> - - <para>You can use disklabel or - <filename>sysinstall</filename> to create multiple BSD - partitions. You will certainly want to do this if you are adding - swap space on a fixed disk, but it is probably irrelevant on a - removable drive like a ZIP.</para> - - <para>Finally, create a new filesystem, this one is on our ZIP - drive using the whole disk:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/rda2c</userinput></screen> - - <para>and mount it:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/da2c /zip</userinput></screen> - - <para>and it is probably a good idea to add a line like this - to <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> (see &man.fstab.5;) so - you can just type <command>mount /zip</command> in the - future:</para> - - <programlisting>/dev/da2c /zip ffs rw,noauto 0 0</programlisting> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="mount-cd-superblock"> - <para>Why do I get <errorname>Incorrect super block</errorname> when - mounting a CDROM?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>You have to tell &man.mount.8; the type of the device - that you want to mount. This is described in the <ulink - url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html"> Handbook section on - optical media</ulink>, specifically the section <ulink - url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#MOUNTING-CD">Using Data - CDs</ulink>.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="cdrom-not-configured"> - <para>Why do I get <errorname>Device not - configured</errorname> when mounting a CDROM?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>This generally means that there is no CDROM in the - CDROM drive, or the drive is not visible on the - bus. Please see the <ulink - url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#MOUNTING-CD">Using Data - CDs</ulink> section of the Handbook for a detailed - discussion of this issue.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="cdrom-unicode-filenames"> - <para>Why do all non-English characters in filenames show up as - <quote>?</quote> on my CDs when mounted in FreeBSD?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Your CDROM probably uses the <quote>Joliet</quote> - extension for storing information about files and - directories. This is discussed in the Handbook chapter on - <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html">creating and - using CDROMs</ulink>, specifically the section on <ulink - url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#MOUNTING-CD">Using Data - CDROMs</ulink>.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="burncd-isofs"> - <para>I burned a CD under FreeBSD and now I can not read it - under any other operating system. Why?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>You most likely burned a raw file to your CD, rather - than creating an ISO 9660 filesystem. Take a look at the - <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html">Handbook - chapter on creating CDROMs</ulink>, particularly the - section on <ulink - url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#RAWDATA-CD">burning raw - data CDs</ulink>.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="copy-cd"> - <para>How can I create an image of a data CD?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>This is discussed in the Handbook section on <ulink - url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#IMAGING-CD">duplicating - data CDs</ulink>. For more on working with CDROMs, see the - <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html">Creating CDs - Section</ulink> in the Storage chapter in the - Handbook.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="mount-audio-CD"> - <para>Why can I not <command>mount</command> an audio - CD?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>If you try to mount an audio CD, you will get an error - like <errorname>cd9660: /dev/acd0c: Invalid - argument</errorname>. This is because - <command>mount</command> only works on filesystems. Audio - CDs do not have filesystems; they just have data. You - need a program that reads audio CDs, such as the - <filename role="package">audio/xmcd</filename> port.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="multi-session-CD"> - <para>How do I <command>mount</command> a multi-session CD?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>By default, &man.mount.8; will attempt to mount the - last data track (session) of a CD. If you would like to - load an earlier session, you must use the - <option>-s</option> command line argument. Please see - &man.mount.cd9660.8; for specific examples.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="user-floppymount"> - <para>How do I let ordinary users mount floppies, CDROMs and - other removable media?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Ordinary users can be permitted to mount devices. Here is - how:</para> - - <procedure> - <step> - <para>As <username>root</username> set the sysctl variable - <varname>vfs.usermount</varname> to - <literal>1</literal>.</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl -w vfs.usermount=1</userinput></screen> - </step> - - <step> - <para>As <username>root</username> assign the appropriate - permissions to the block device associated with the - removable media.</para> - - <para>For example, to allow users to mount the first floppy - drive, use:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 666 /dev/fd0</userinput></screen> - - <para>To allow users in the group - <groupname>operator</groupname> to mount the CDROM drive, - use:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chgrp operator /dev/acd0c</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 640 /dev/acd0c</userinput></screen> - </step> - - <step> - <para>If you are running &os; 5.X or later, you will need to alter - <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename> to make these changes - permanent across reboots.</para> - - <para>As <username>root</username>, add the necessary lines to - <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename>. For example, to allow - users to mount the first floppy drive add:</para> - - <programlisting># Allow all users to mount the floppy disk. -own /dev/fd0 root:operator -perm /dev/fd0 0666</programlisting> - - <para>To allow users in the group <groupname>operator</groupname> - to mount the CD-ROM drive add:</para> - - <programlisting># Allow members of the group operator to mount CD-ROMs. -own /dev/acd0 root:operator -perm /dev/acd0 0660</programlisting> - </step> - - <step> - <para>Finally, add the line - <literal><varname>vfs.usermount</varname>=1</literal> - to the file <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> so - that it is reset at system boot time.</para> - </step> - </procedure> - - <para>All users can now mount the floppy - <devicename>/dev/fd0</devicename> onto a directory that they - own:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mkdir ~/my-mount-point</userinput> -&prompt.user; <userinput>mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 ~/my-mount-point</userinput></screen> - - <para>Users in group <groupname>operator</groupname> can now - mount the CDROM <devicename>/dev/acd0c</devicename> onto a - directory that they own:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mkdir ~/my-mount-point</userinput> -&prompt.user; <userinput>mount -t cd9660 /dev/acd0c ~/my-mount-point</userinput></screen> - - <para>Unmounting the device is simple:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>umount ~/my-mount-point</userinput></screen> - - <para>Enabling <varname>vfs.usermount</varname>, however, - has negative security implications. A better way to - access &ms-dos; formatted media is to use the - <filename role="package">emulators/mtools</filename> - package in the ports collection.</para> - - <note> - <para>The device name used in the previous examples must be - changed according to your configuration.</para> - </note> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="du-vs-df"> - <para>The <command>du</command> and <command>df</command> - commands show different amounts of disk space available. - What is going on?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>You need to understand what <command>du</command> and - <command>df</command> really do. <command>du</command> - goes through the directory tree, measures how large each - file is, and presents the totals. <command>df</command> - just asks the filesystem how much space it has left. They - seem to be the same thing, but a file without a directory - entry will affect <command>df</command> but not - <command>du</command>.</para> - - <para>When a program is using a file, and you delete the - file, the file is not really removed from the filesystem - until the program stops using it. The file is immediately - deleted from the directory listing, however. You can see - this easily enough with a program such as - <command>more</command>. Assume you have a file large - enough that its presence affects the output of - <command>du</command> and <command>df</command>. (Since - disks can be so large today, this might be a - <emphasis>very</emphasis> large file!) If you delete this - file while using <command>more</command> on it, - <command>more</command> does not immediately choke and - complain that it cannot view the file. The entry is - simply removed from the directory so no other program or - user can access it. <command>du</command> shows that it - is gone — it has walked the directory tree and the file - is not listed. <command>df</command> shows that it is - still there, as the filesystem knows that - <command>more</command> is still using that space. Once - you end the <command>more</command> session, - <command>du</command> and <command>df</command> will - agree.</para> - - <para>Note that Soft Updates can delay the freeing of disk - space; you might need to wait up to 30 seconds for the - change to be visible!</para> - - <para>This situation is common on web servers. Many people - set up a FreeBSD web server and forget to rotate the log - files. The access log fills up <filename>/var</filename>. - The new administrator deletes the file, but the system - still complains that the partition is full. Stopping and - restarting the web server program would free the file, - allowing the system to release the disk space. To prevent - this from happening, set up &man.newsyslog.8;.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="add-swap-space"> - <para>How can I add more swap space?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>In the <ulink - url="&url.books.handbook;/config-tuning.html">Configuration and - Tuning</ulink> section of the Handbook, you will find a - <ulink - url="&url.books.handbook;/adding-swap-space.html">section</ulink> - describing how to do this.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="manufacturer-disk-size"> - <para>Why does &os; see my disk as smaller than the - manufacturer says it is?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Disk manufacturers calculate gigabytes as a billion bytes - each, whereas &os; calculates them as 1,073,741,824 bytes - each. This explains why, for example, &os;'s boot messages - will report a disk that supposedly has 80GB as holding - 76319MB.</para> - <para>Also note that &os; will (by default) - <link linkend="disk-more-than-full">reserve</link> 8% of the disk - space.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="disk-more-than-full"> - <para>How is it possible for a partition to be more than 100% - full?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>A portion of each UFS partition (8%, by default) is - reserved for use by the operating system and the - <username>root</username> user. - &man.df.1; does not count that space when - calculating the <literal>Capacity</literal> column, so it can - exceed 100%. Also, you will notice that the - <literal>Blocks</literal> column is always greater than the - sum of the <literal>Used</literal> and - <literal>Avail</literal> columns, usually by a factor of - 8%.</para> - - <para>For more details, look up the <option>-m</option> option - in &man.tunefs.8;.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - </qandaset> - </chapter> - - - <chapter id="admin"> - <chapterinfo> - <author> - <firstname>Wei-Hon</firstname> - <surname>Chen</surname> - <affiliation> - <address><email>plasmaball@pchome.com.tw</email></address> - </affiliation> - </author> - </chapterinfo> - - <title>¨t²ÎºÞ²z</title> - - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question id="startup-config-files"> - <para>¨t²Î°_©l³]©wÀɦbþ¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - - <para>±q 2.0.5R ¨ì 2.2.1R¡A¥Dnªº³]©wÀɬO - <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename>¡C©Ò¦³ªº¿ï¶µ³£³Q«ü©w¦b³oÓÀÉ¡A - ¦Ó¨ä¥L¹³ <filename>/etc/rc</filename> (°Ñ¨£ &man.rc.8;) - ©M <filename>/etc/netstart</filename> ¥u¬O¤Þ¥Î¥¦¡C</para> - - <para>Æ[¹î <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename> ³oÓÀɨÃ×¥¿¨äÈ¥H - ¾A¦X§Aªº¨t²Î¡C³oÓÀɥεù¸Ñ¶ñº¡¥Hªí¥Ü¦ó³B¸Ó©ñ¸m¤°»ò³]©w¡C</para> - - <para>¦b post-2.2.1 ¥H«á¤Î 3.0¡A<filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename> - ¥ç§ó¦W¬°¤@Ó§ó®e©ö´yzªºÀɦW¥s &man.rc.conf.5; ¡A¨Ã¥B»yªk²¤Æ¤F¨Ç¡C - <filename>/etc/netstart</filename> ¥ç§ó¦W¬° - <filename>/etc/rc.network</filename> ¦]¦¹©Ò¦³ªºÀɮ׳£¥i¥H¥Î - <command>cp /usr/src/etc/rc* /etc</command> ¨Ó«þ¨©¡C</para> - - <para>¦b 3.1 ¥H¤Î¡A<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ³Q²¾¨ì - <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename>¡C - <emphasis>¤d¸U¤£n½s¿è³oÓÀÉ¡I</emphasis> ¦pªG - <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> ¤º¦³·Qn§ó°Êªº¶µ¥Ø¡A - §AÀ³¸Ó±N¨º¤@¦æªº¤º®e«þ¨©¨ì <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>¡A - µM«á¦Aק復¡C</para> - - <para>¨Ò¦p FreeBSD 3.1 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¤º¡A¦³¤@Ó DNS ¦øªA¾¹ named¡A - ¦Ó§A·Qn±Ò°Ê¥¦¡C§A©Ò»Ýn§@ªº¨Æ´N¬O¡G</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo named_enable="YES" >> /etc/rc.conf</userinput></screen> - - <para>·Qn¦b FreeBSD 3.1 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¤¤¡A±Ò°Ê¥»¦aºÝªA°Èªº¸Ü¡A±N - shell script ¸m©ó <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename> ¥Ø¿ý - ¤U¡C³o¨Ç shell script À³¸Ó³]©w¦¨¥i°õ¦æ¡A¨Ã¥BÀɦW¥H .sh µ²§ô¡C - ¦b FreeBSD 3.0 ¤Î§ó¦ªºª©¥»¤¤¡A§AÀ³¸Óª½±µ½s¿è - <filename>/etc/rc.local</filename> ÀÉ¡C</para> - - <para><filename>/etc/rc.serial</filename>¥Î¨Óªì©l¤Æ§Ç¦C°ð - ¡]¹³¬OÂê©w°ðªº¯S©Êµ¥¡^¡C</para> - - <para><filename>/etc/rc.i386</filename> ¬O Intel ±M¥Î³]©w¡A - ¹³¬O iBCS2 ¼ÒÀÀ©Î¬O PC ¨t²Î¥D±±¥x³]©w¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="adding-users"> - <para>¸Ó¦p¦ó²³æ¦a·s¼W±b¸¹¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¨Ï¥Î &man.adduser.8; «ü¥O¡C¦pªG»Ýn§ó½ÆÂøªº¨Ï¥Î¤è¦¡¡A - ½Ð¥Î &man.pw.8; ³oÓ«ü¥O¡C</para> - - <para>n¦A¦¸²¾°£¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A¨Ï¥Î &man.rmuser.8; «ü¥O¡CÁÙ¦³¡A - &man.pw.8; ¤]¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="root-not-found-cron-errors"> - <para>¦b§ï§¹ crontab Àɮ׫á¡A¬°¤°»ò¦Ñ¬O¦¬¨ì³o¼Ëªº°T®§¡G - <errorname>root: not found</errorname>¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>³q±`³£¬O¦]¬°½s¿è¤F¨t²Îªº crontab - (<filename>/etc/crontab</filename>) µM«á´N¥Î &man.crontab.1; - ¥h¦w¸Ë¥¦¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>crontab /etc/crontab</userinput></screen> - - <para>³o¼Ë§@¬O¤£¹ïªº¡C¨t²Îªº crontab ©M &man.crontab.1; - ©Ò§ó·sªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº crontab ®æ¦¡¨Ã¤£¤@¼Ë (&man.crontab.5; - »¡©ú¤å¥ó°w¹ï®t²§³B¦³¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú)¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG§A¤w¸g¥Î³oºØ¤èªk¡AÃB¥~¦h¥Xªº crontab ¥u´N¬O - <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> ªº«þ¨©¡A¥u¬O®æ¦¡¬O¿ù»~ªº¡C - ¥i¥Î¥H¤Uªº©R¥O§R°£¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>crontab -r</userinput></screen> - - <para>¤U¦¸§A½s¿è <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> Àɮתº®ÉÔ¡A - §A¤£¥Î§@¥ô¦ó°Ê§@¥h³qª¾ &man.cron.8; ¡A¥¦¦Û°Ê·|¥h°»´ú¬O§_¦³§ó°Ê¡C - </para> - - <para>¦pªG§A·Qn¨C¤Ñ¡B¨C¶g¡B©Î¬O¨C¤ë©T©w°õ¦æ¬Y¨Ç°Ê§@¤@¦¸¡A¤]³\¥[Ó - shell script ¦b <filename>/usr/local/etc/periodic</filename> - ¥Ø¿ý¤U·|§ó¦n¡A¨t²Îªº cron ·|©T©w°õ¦æ &man.periodic.8; ©R¥O¡A - ¥¦¥i±N§Aªºµ{¦¡©M¨ä¥¦ªº¨t²Î¶g´Á©Ê¤u§@¤@°_°õ¦æ¡C</para> - - <para>³oÓ¿ù»~ªº¯u¥¿ì¦]¡A¬O¦]¬°¨t²Îªº crontab ¦³¤@ÓÃB¥~ªºÄæ¦ì¡A - »¡©ú¸Ó©R¥On¥H¤°»ò¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¨¥÷°õ¦æ¡C¦b FreeBSD ªº¹w³]¨t²Î crontab - ¤¤¡A©Ò¦³ªº¶µ¥Ø³£¬O <username>root</username>¡C ·í³oÓ crontab - ³Q·í§@¬O <username>root</username> ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ crontab (¥¦©M¨t²Îªº - crontab ¬O <emphasis>¤£</emphasis> ¤@¼Ëªº)¡A&man.cron.8; ·|¥H¬° - <literal>root</literal> ¦r¦ê¬O±ý°õ¦æªº©R¥Oªº²Ä¤@Ó¦r¡A¦ý¬O¹ê»Ú¤W - ¨Ã¨S¦³³o¼Ëªº©R¥O¦s¦b¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="su-wheel-group"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú·Qn¥Î su ¦¨¬° <username>root</username> ®É¡A·|±o¨ì - <errorname>you are not in the correct group to su root</errorname> - ªº¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>³o¬O¤@Ó¦w¥þ¯S©Ê¡C·Qn§Q¥Î su ¦¨¬° <username>root</username> - (©Î¨ä¥¦¦³ superuser Åvªº±b¸¹)¡A§A¤@©wn¦b - <groupname>wheel</groupname> ¸s²Õ¤º¡C¦pªG¨S¦³³oÓ¯S©Êªº¸Ü¡A - ¥ô¦ó¤H¥un¦b¨t²Î¸Ì¦³±b¸¹¡A¨Ã¥B«ê¥©ª¾¹D <username>root</username> - ªº±K½X¡A´N¥i¥H¨ú±o superuser µ¥¯ÅªºÅv¥H¦s¨ú¨t²Î¡C¦³¤F³oÓ¯S©Ê¡A - ³o¼Ëªº±¡ªp´N¤£·|µo¥Í¡F¦pªG¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤£¦b <groupname>wheel</groupname> - ¸s²Õ¤ºªº¸Ü¡A&man.su.1; 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- ªº³B²z´N¯à²£¥Í³]©wÀÉ¡A³o¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O¤@Ó°ª¼h·§©Àµ¥¯Åªº§Þ¥©©Ê³]©w¡C - §AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦b <filename>/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf</filename> - ¥H¤U¸Ì¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡G</para> - - <para>°²¦p§A¤£¬O¥Î full sources ¤è¦¡¦w¸Ë¨t²Î¡A¨º»ò sendmail - ³]©w¶µ¥Ø¥i¯à¤w¸g¤À´²¦¨¦n´XÓ¨Ó·½¤À¥¬Àɦbµ¥µÛ§A¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g - mount ¥úºÐ¾÷¡A°µ¥H¤U°Ê§@¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /cdrom/src</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>cat scontrib.?? | tar xzf - -C /usr/src contrib/sendmail</userinput></screen> - - <para>§OÅå·W¡A³o¥u¦³¼Æ¤Q¸UӦ줸²Õªº¤j¤p¡C¦b <filename>cf</filename> - ¥Ø¿ý¸Ìªº <filename>README</filename> ¥i¥H´£¨Ñ¤@Ó m4 ³]©wªkªº°ò - ¥»¤¶²Ð¡C</para> - - <para>¥H UUCP »¼°e¨Ó»¡¡A«ØÄ³§A³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î <literal>mailertable</literal> - ¯SÂI¡C«Øºc¤@Ó¸ê®Æ®wÅý sendmail ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¥¦¦Û¤vªº¸ô®|¨Mµ¦¡C</para> - - <para>º¥ý¡A§A¥²¶·«Ø¥ß¦Û¤vªº <filename>.mc</filename> ÀÉ¡C - <filename>/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¬O³o¨Ç - Àɮתº®a¡C¬d¬Ý¤@¤U¡A¤w¸g¦³¦n´XÓ½d¨ÒÀÉ¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g©R¦W¦Û¤vªºÀÉ¥s - <filename>foo.mc</filename>¡A§An°µªº¥u¬O§â¥¦Âà´«¦¨¤@Ó¦³®Äªº - <filename>sendmail.cf</filename>¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>make foo.cf</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>cp foo.cf /etc/mail/sendmail.cf</userinput></screen> - - <para>¤@Ө嫬ªº <filename>.mc</filename> Àɬݰ_¨Ó¥i¯à¹³³o¼Ë¡G</para> - - <programlisting>VERSIONID(`<replaceable>Your version number</replaceable>') -OSTYPE(bsd4.4) - -FEATURE(accept_unresolvable_domains) -FEATURE(nocanonify) -FEATURE(mailertable, `hash -o /etc/mail/mailertable') - -define(`UUCP_RELAY', <replaceable>your.uucp.relay</replaceable>) -define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000) -define(`confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES') - -MAILER(local) -MAILER(smtp) -MAILER(uucp) - -Cw <replaceable>your.alias.host.name</replaceable> -Cw <replaceable>youruucpnodename.UUCP</replaceable></programlisting> - - <para><literal>accept_unresolvable_domains</literal>¡A - <literal>nocanonify</literal>¡A ©M - <literal>confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES</literal> ¯S©Ê±NÁ×§K¥ô¦ó¦b - »¼°e¶l¥ó®É·|¥Î¨ì DNS ªº¾÷·|¡C<literal>UUCP_RELAY</literal> - ¶µ¥Øªº¥X²{²z¥Ñ«Ü©_©Ç¡A´N¤£n°Ý¬°¦ó¤F¡C²³æªº©ñ¤J¤@Óºô»Úºô¸ô - ¤W¥i¥H³B²z .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ì¦ì§}ªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡F³q±`¡A§A¥u»Ýn¦b³o - ¸Ì¶ñ¤J§A ISP ªº«H¥ó¦^ÂгB (mail replay)¡C</para> - - <para>§A¤w¸g°µ¨ì³o¸Ì¤F¡A§AÁÙ»Ýn³oÓ¥s - <filename>/etc/mail/mailertable</filename>¡C¦pªG§A¥u¦³¤@ӥΠ- ¨Ó¶Ç»¼©Ò¦³¶l¥óªº¹ï¥~³q¹Dªº¸Ü¡A¥H¤UªºÀÉ®×´N¨¬°÷¤F¡G</para> - - <programlisting># -# makemap hash /etc/mail/mailertable.db < /etc/mail/mailertable - uucp-dom:<replaceable>your.uucp.relay</replaceable></programlisting> - - <para>¥t¤@Ó§ó½ÆÂøªº¨Ò¤l¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³³o¼Ë¡G</para> - - <programlisting># -# makemap hash /etc/mail/mailertable.db < /etc/mail/mailertable -# -horus.interface-business.de uucp-dom:horus -interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus -interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus -heep.sax.de smtp8:%1 -horus.UUCP uucp-dom:horus -if-bus.UUCP uucp-dom:if-bus - uucp-dom:</programlisting> - - - <para>¦p§A©Ò¨£¡A³o¬O¬YÓ¯u¹êÀɮ׸̪º¤@³¡¥÷¡Cº¤T¦æ³B²zºô°ì©w§}«H¥ó - ¤£À³¸Ó³Q°e¥X¨ì¤º©w¸ô®|¡A¦Ó¥Ñ¬Y¨Ç UUCP ¾F©~(UUCP neighbor)¨ú¥N - ªº¯S®í±¡§Î¡A³o¬O¬°¤F <quote>ÁYµu</quote>»¼°eªº¸ô®|¡C¤U¤@¦æ³B²z¨ì - ¥»¦a¤A¤Óºô¸ôºô°ìªº«H¥óÅý¥¦¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î SMTP ¨Ó»¼°e¡C³Ì«á¡AUUCP ¾F©~´£¨ì - .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ìªº°O¸ü¡A¤¹³\¤@Ó <literal><replaceable>uucp-neighbor - </replaceable>!<replaceable>recipient</replaceable></literal> ±À½ - ¤º©w³W«h¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ«h¥H¤@Ó³æ¿Wªº¥yÂI°µµ²§ô¡A¥H UUCP »¼°e¨ì´£¨Ñ·í - §A¥þ¥@¬É©Ê¶l¥ó¹hªùªºUUCP ¾F©~¡C©Ò¦³¦b <literal>uucp-dom:</literal> - ÃöÁä¦r¸Ìªº¸`ÂI¦WºÙ¥²¶·³£¬O¦³®Äªº UUCP ¾F©~¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î - <literal>uuname</literal> ©R¥O¥h½T»{¡C - </para> - - <para>´£¿ô§A³oÓÀɮצb¨Ï¥Î«e¥²¶·³QÂà´«¦¨ DBM ¸ê®Æ®wÀɮסA³Ì¦n¦b - mailertable ³Ì¤W±¥Îµù¸Ñ¼g¥X©R¥O¦C¨Ó§¹¦¨³oÓ¤u§@¡C·í§A¨C¦¸§ó´«§A - ªº mailertable «á§AÁ`¬O»Ýn°õ¦æ³oÓ©R¥O¡C</para> - - <para>³Ì«á´£¥Ü¡G¦pªG§A¤£½T©w¬Y¨Ç¯S©wªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¥i¥Î¡A°O±o§â - <option>-bt</option> ¿ï¶µ¥[¨ì sendmail¡C³o·|±N sendmail ±Ò°Ê¦b - <emphasis>address test mode</emphasis>¡F¥un«ö¤U - <literal>0</literal>¡A±µµÛ¿é¤J§A§Æ±æ´ú¸Õªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¦ì§}¡C - ³Ì«á¤@¦æ§i¶D§A¨Ï¥Î¤º³¡ªº«H¥ó¥N²zµ{¦¡¡A¥N²zµ{¦¡ªº·|³qª¾¥Øªº¥D¾÷¡A - ¥H¤Î(¥i¯àÂà´«ªº)¦ì§}¡CnÂ÷¶}¦¹¼Ò¦¡½Ð«ö Control-D¡C</para> - - <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sendmail -bt</userinput> -ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked) -Enter <ruleset> <address> -<prompt>></prompt> <userinput>3,0 foo@example.com</userinput> -canonify input: foo @ example . com -.. -parse returns: $# uucp-dom $@ <replaceable>your.uucp.relay</replaceable> $: foo < @ example . com . > -<prompt>></prompt> <userinput>^D</userinput></screen> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ispmail"> - <para>·í§Ú¥Î¼·±µ³s¤Wºô¸ô®É¸Ó«ç»ò³]©w«H¥ó»¼°e¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦pªG§A¤w¸g¦³¤@Ó©T©wªº IP ¼Æ¦r¡A§A¤£»Ýn½Õ¾ã¥ô¦ó¤º©wÈ¡C³]¦n - §An«ü©wªººô¸ô¦WºÙ¡A¨ä¥Lªº sendmail ³£·|À°§A°µ§¹¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG§A®³¨ìªº¬O°ÊºA°t¸mªº IP ¼Æ¦r¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¼·±µ ppp ³s±µ¨ìºô»Úºô - ¸ô¡A§A¥i¯à¤w¸g¦b§Aªº ISP «H¥ó¥D¾÷¤W¦³¤@Ó«H½c¡C°²³]§Aªº ISP ºô°ì - ¬O <hostid role="domainname">example.net</hostid>¡A§Aªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦W - ºÙ¬O <username>user</username>¡C¥ç°²³]§AºÙ¦Û¤vªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¬O - <hostid role="fqdn">bsd.home</hostid> ¦Ó§Aªº ISP §i¶D§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î - <hostid role="fqdn">relay.example.net</hostid> ·í§@«H¥ó¦^ÂгB¡C - </para> - - <para>¬°¤F±q§Aªº«H½c±µ¦¬«H¥ó¡A§A±N»Ýn¦w¸Ë¨ú«Hµ{¦¡¥H«K±q«H½c¨ú¦^«H¥ó¡C - <application>Fetchmail</application> ¬O¤@Ó¤£¿ùªº¿ï¾Ü¡A¦]¬°¥¦¤ä - ´©³\¦h¤£¦Pªº³q°T¨ó©w¡A³q±`§Aªº ISP ·|´£¨Ñ POP3¡C¦pªG§A¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Î - user-ppp¡A§A¥i¥H¦b³s½u¨ìºô¸ô¦¨¥\«á¦Û°Ê§ì¨ú§Aªº«H¥ó¡A¥un¦b - <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>¸Ì±³]©w¥H¤U³o¶µ¡G</para> - - <programlisting>MYADDR: - !bg su user -c fetchmail</programlisting> - - <para>°²¨Ï§A¥¿¨Ï¥Î <application>sendmail</application> (¦p¤U©Ò¥Ü) - ¶Ç°e«H¥ó¨ì«D¥»¦a±b¸¹¡A¸m¤J¥H¤U©R¥O¡G</para> - - <programlisting> !bg su user -c "sendmail -q"</programlisting> - - <para>¦b¤W±¨º¶µ©R¥O¤§«á¡C³o·|±j¢ <application>sendmail</application> - ¦b³s±µ¤Wºô¸ô«á°¨¤W¶}©l³B²z mailqueue¡C</para> - - <para>§Ú°²³]§A¦b <hostid role="fqdn">bsd.home</hostid> ¾÷¾¹¤W¦³¤@Ó - <username>user</username> ªº±b¸¹¡C¦b <hostid - role="fqdn">bsd.home</hostid> ¾÷¾¹¤W <username>user</username> - ªº®a¥Ø¿ý¸Ì«Ø¥ß¤@Ó <filename>.fetchmailrc</filename> ªºÀɮסG</para> - - <programlisting>poll example.net protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret</programlisting> - - <para>µL¶·Âب¥¡A³oÓÀɰ£¤F <username>user</username> ¥~¤£À³¸Ó³Q¥ô - ¦ó¤HŪ¨ú¡A¦]¬°¥¦¥]§t <literal>MySecret</literal> ³oÓ±K½X¡C</para> - - <para>¬°¤F¦b±H«H®É¦³¥¿½Tªº©ïÀY <literal>from:</literal>¡A§A¥²¶·§i¶D - <application>sendmail</application> ¨Ï¥Î - <literal>user@example.net</literal> ¦Ó«D - <literal>user@bsd.home</literal>¡C§A¥i¯à·|§Æ±æ§i¶D - <application>sendmail</application> ±q - <hostid role="fqdn">relay.example.net</hostid> °e¥X©Ò¦³«H¥ó¡A - ¥[§Ö«H¥ó¶Ç°e¡C</para> - - <para>¥H¤Uªº <filename>.mc</filename> ÀÉÀ³¯àº¡¨¬§Aªºn¨D¡G</para> - - <programlisting>VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0') -OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl -FEATURE(nouucp)dnl -MAILER(local)dnl -MAILER(smtp)dnl -Cwlocalhost -Cwbsd.home -MASQUERADE_AS(`example.net')dnl -FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl -FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl -FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl -FEATURE(nodns)dnl -define(`SMART_HOST', `relay.example.net') -Dmbsd.home -define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl -define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl</programlisting> - - <para>¦p¦óÂà´«³oÓ <filename>.mc</filename> Àɮרì - <filename>sendmail.cf</filename> Àɪº¸Ô²Ó²Ó¸`¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤W¤@¸`¡C - ¥t¥~¡A¦b§ó·s <filename>sendmail.cf</filename> ¥H«á¤£n§Ñ°O«·s±Ò°Ê - <application>sendmail</application>¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="sendmail-alternative"> - <para>°£¤F Sendmail ¥~¡AÁÙ¦³þ¨Ç¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para><ulink url="http://www.sendmail.org/">Sendmail</ulink> - ¬O FreeBSD ¹w³]¨Ï¥Îªº¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¡A¦ý¬O§AÁÙ¬O¥i¥H«Ü®e©ö¦a¥H¨ä¥¦ - ¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹ (¨Ò¦p¡A±q port ¦w¸Ëªº¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹) ¨ú¥N¤§¡C</para> - - <para>port ¸Ì¦³«Ü¦h¥i¨Ñ¿ï¾Üªº¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¡A¹³ - <filename role="package">mail/exim</filename>¡B - <filename role="package">mail/postfix</filename>¡B - <filename role="package">mail/qmail</filename>¡B - <filename role="package">mail/zmailer</filename> µ¥¡A - ´N¬O´XӫܨüÅwªïªº¿ï¾Ü¡C</para> - - <para>¦h¼Ë¿ï¾Ü¬O¦n¨Æ¡A¦Ó¥B¤j®a¦³³\¦h¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤]³Q»{¬°¬O - ¦n¨Æ¡F©Ò¥H½ÐÁ×§K¦b³q«H½×¾Â¸Ì°Ý¹³ <quote>Sendmail ¦³¤ñ Qmail - ¦n¶Ü¡H</quote> ³o¼Ëªº°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG§A¯uªº«Ü·Q°Ýªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¥ý¨ì³q«H½×¾Â - archive ¸Ì§ä¤@¤U¡C¨C¤@Ó¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹ªºÀuÂI»P¯ÊÂI¡A¥H«e¤j·§´N¤w¸g - °Q½×¦n´X¦¸¤F¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="forgot-root-pw"> - <para>§Ú§Ñ¤F <username>root</username> ±K½X¤F¡I«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¤£nÅå·W¡I¥un«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡A¦b¬Ý¨ì Boot: ®É¿é¤J - <userinput>boot -s</userinput> §Y¥i¶i¤J³æ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡ - (¦b 3.2-RELEASE ¤§«eªºª©¥»½Ð§ï¥Î <userinput>-s</userinput>)¡C - ¦b°Ýn¨Ï¥ÎþÓ shell ®É¡A«ö¤U ENTER¡C§A·|¬Ý¨ì¤@Ó &prompt.root; - ªº´£¥Ü¸¹¡A¿é¤J <command>mount -u /</command> ¥H«·s±¾¤W(mount) - §Aªº®ÚÀɮרt²Î¥i¨ÑŪ/¼g¡C°õ¦æ <command>passwd root</command> - ¥H§ó´« <username>root</username> ±K½X¡AµM«á°õ¦æ &man.exit.1; - Ä~Äò±Ò°Êµ{§Ç¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="CAD-reboot"> - <para>§Ú¸Ó«ç»òÅý Control-Alt-Delete ¤£·|«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦pªG§A¬O¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD 2.2.7-RELEASE ©Î¤§«áª©¥»ªº - syscons(¨t²Î¤º©wªº¥D±±¥xÅX°Êµ{¦¡)¡A§â¤U¦C³o¦æ©ñ¨ì kernel ³]©wÀɤº¡A - µM«á«°µ¤@Ó·sªº®Ö¤ß¡G</para> - - <programlisting>options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT</programlisting> - - <para>Y¬O¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD 2.2.5-RELEASE ©Î¤§«áª©¥»ªº PCVT ¥D±±¥xÅX°Ê - µ{¦¡¡A«h¥H¤U¦C¿ï¶µ¥N´À¡G</para> - - <programlisting>options PCVT_CTRL_ALT_DEL</programlisting> - - <para>¨ä¥L§ó¦´Áªº FreeBSD ª©¥»¡A½Ð×§ï§A¥¿¦b¨Ï¥Îªº¥D±±¥xÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A - ¨Ã±N©Ò¦³ <literal>boot</literal> ÃöÁä¦r¥H <literal>nop</literal> - ¨ú¥N¡C¤º©wªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¬O¦b - <filename>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps/us.iso.kbd</filename>¡C - §A¥i¯à»Ýn©ú¥Õªº§h©J <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¥hŪ¨ú - ³oÓÁä½L¹ïÀ³¥H½T«O§ó°Ê¥Í®Ä¡C·íµM¦pªG§A¥¿¦b¥Î¾A¦X§A°êÄyªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A - §AÀ³¸Ó½s¿è¨º¤@Ó¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="dos-to-unix-txt"> - <para>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò§â DOS ¤å¦rÀɮ׫·s®æ¦¡¤Æ¦¨ UNIX ªº¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¥un¨Ï¥Î³oÓ perl ©R¥O¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>perl -i.bak -npe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file ...</userinput></screen> - - <para>file ´N¬On³B²zªºÀɮסC³oÓ×§ï¬O¦b¤º³¡§¹¦¨¡Aì©lªºÀÉ®×·|Àx¦s¦¨ - °ÆÀɦW¬° .bak ªºÀɮסC</para> - - <para>©ÎªÌ§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î &man.tr.1; ³oÓ©R¥O¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>tr -d '\r' < <replaceable>dos-text-file</replaceable> > <replaceable>unix-file</replaceable></userinput></screen> - - <para><replaceable>dos-text-file</replaceable> ¬O¥]§t DOS ¤å¦rªº - ÀɮסA¦Ó <replaceable>unix-text-file</replaceable> «h¬O¥]§tÂà´« - ªº¿é¥Xµ²ªG¡C³o¤ñ¨Ï¥Î perl ÁÙn§Ö¤W¤@ÂIÂI¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="kill-by-name"> - <para>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¥Î¦WºÙ¬å±¼ process¡H</para> - </question><answer> - - <para>¨Ï¥Î &man.killall.1; ¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="root-acl"> - <para>¬°¦ó¦b su ¤@ª½»¡§Ú¤£¦b <username>root</username> ªº ACL ¸Ì¡H - </para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>³oÓ¿ù»~¬O¦]¬° Kerberos ¤À´²»{ÃÒ¨t²Î¡C³oÓ°ÝÃD¨Ã¤£¬O«ÜÄY« - ¦ý¬O¥O¤H¹½·Ð¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î -K ¿ï¶µ¥h°õ¦æ su¡A©Î¬O¹³¤UÓ°ÝÃD©Ò´yzªº - ²¾°£ Kerberos¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="uninstall-kerberos"> - <para>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò²¾°£ Kerberos¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>n±q¨t²Î¸Ì²¾°£ Kerberos¡A«¸Ë§A¥¿¦b°õ¦æªº release ª©¥»ªº - bin distribution¡C¦pªG§A¦³ CDROM¡A§A¥i¥H mount cd(°²³]¦b /cdrom) - ¨Ã°õ¦æ¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /cdrom/bin</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>./install.sh</userinput></screen> - - <para>©ÎªÌ§A¤]¥i¥H±N <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ¸Ìªº - "MAKE_KERBEROS" ¿ï¶µ¥þ³£®³±¼¡AµM«á¦A build world.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="add-pty"> - <para>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¼W¥[¨t²ÎªºµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦pªG§A¦³³\¦h telnet¡Assh¡AX ©Î¬O screen ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A§A©Î³\·|¥Î§¹ - µêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷¡A³o¯à±Ð§A«ç»ò¥[§ó¦h¡G</para> - - <procedure> - <step> - <para>«Ø¥ß¨Ã¦w¸Ë¤@Ó·sªº kernel ¨Ã¥B§â³o¤@¦æ</para> - - <programlisting>pseudo-device pty 256</programlisting> - - <para>¥[¤J¨ì³]©wÀɸ̡C</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>°õ¦æ³oÓ©R¥O¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV pty{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}</userinput></screen> - - <para>·|³y¥X 256 ÓµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¸Ë¸m¸`ÂI¡C</para> - - </step> - - <step> - <para>½s¿è <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ¨Ã¥[¤J²Å¦X 256 - Ӳ׺ݾ÷ªº¦æ¼Æ¡C¥¦ÌÀ³¸Ó²Å¦X¤w¸g¦s¦b³æ¶µªº®æ¦¡¡AÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A - ¥¦Ì¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³¡G</para> - - <programlisting>ttyqc none network</programlisting> - - <para>¦r¥À³]pªº¶¶§Ç¬O - <literal>tty[pqrsPQRS][0-9a-v]</literal>¡A¨Ï¥Î¥¿³Wªí¥Ü¦¡¡C - </para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>¥Î·sªº kernel «·s±Ò°Ê¹q¸£´N¥i¥H¤F¡C</para> - </step> - </procedure> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="create-snd0"> - <para>/dev/snd0 ³oӸ˸m°µ¤£¥X¨Ó¡I</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¨Ã¨S <devicename>snd</devicename> ³oӸ˸mªº¦s¦b¡C³oÓ¦W¦r - ¬O¥Î¨Ó·í§@¦UÓ²Õ¦¨ FreeBSD ÁnµÅX°Êµ{¦¡²Õ¡A½Ñ¦p - <devicename>mixer</devicename>¡A - <devicename>sequencer</devicename>¡A¥H¤Î - <devicename>dsp</devicename> ªºÂ²ºÙ¡C</para> - - <para>¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤Uªº©R¥O§@¥X³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV snd0</userinput></screen> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="reread-rc"> - <para>¥i¥H¤£¥Î¶}¾÷¡A«·sŪ¨ú <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>¡B - ¦A¦¸±Ò°Ê <filename>/etc/rc</filename> ¶Ü?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¥ý¶i¤J³æ¤H¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á¦A¦^¨ì¦h¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡C</para> - - <para>¦b¥D±±¥x°õ¦æ¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown now</userinput> -(Note: without -r or -h) - -&prompt.root; <userinput>return</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>exit</userinput></screen> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="release-candidate"> - <para>§Ú·Qn§â§Úªº¨t²Îª@¯Å¨ì³Ì·sªº -STABLE¡A¦ý¬O±o¨ìªº¬O -RC ©Î - -PRERELEASE¡I«ç»ò¤F¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>²³æ¦a»¡¡G¨º¥u¬O¦W¦r¦Ó¤w¡CRC ªº·N«ä¬O <quote>Release Candiate¡A - µo¦æÔ¿ïª©¥»</quote>¡A¥¦ªí¥Ü·sª©¥»§Önµo¦æ¤F¡C¦b FreeBSD ¤¤¡A - -PRERELEASE ³q±`¬Oµo¦æ«eªºµ{¦¡½Xáµ²ªº¥N¦Wµü¡C(¦³¨Çµo¦æª©¥»¤¤¡A - -BETA ¼ÐÅÒ¸ò -PRERELEASE ¬O¬Û¦P·N«äªº¡C)</para> - - <para>¸Ô²Ó¦a»¡¡GFreeBSD ±q¨âÓ¦a¤è¤À¤ä¥X¥¦ªºµo¦æª©¥»¡C¥Dª©¸¹¡B - ÂI¹s¡Brelease (¨Ò¦p 3.0-RELEASE ¤Î 4.0-RELEASE) ªº¡A¬O±qµo®i¹Lµ{ - ¶}©l®É¤À¤ä¥X¨Óªº¡A³q±`ºÙ¬° <link linkend="current">-CURRENT - </link>¡C¦³°Æª©¸¹ªºª©¥» (¨Ò¦p 3.1-RELEASE ©Î 4.2-RELEASE)¡A¬O - ¬¡ÅDªº <link linkend="stable">-STABLE</link> ¤À¤ä¤¤ªºµo¦æª©¥» - §Ö·Ó¡C±q 4.3-RELEASE ¶}©l¡A¨C¤@Óµo¦æª©¥»¦³¥¦¦Û¤vªº¤À¤ä¡A¥i¬° - °¾¦n·¥«×«O¦uªºµo®i³t«× (³q±`¥u·|§@¦w¥þ¤è±ªº§ó·s) ªº¤H©Ò¥Î¡C</para> - - <para>·Ç³Æn»s§@µo¦æª©¥»®É¡A¨ä©Ò¦bªº¤À¤ä·|¸g¹L¤@©wªºµ{§Ç¡C¦³¤@Ó¬O - µ{¦¡½Xáµ²¡C·íµ{¦¡½Xáµ²¶}©l®É¡A¤À¤ä¦WºÙ·|§ó¦W¡A¥H¤Ï¬M¥¦§Ön¦¨¬° - ¤@Óµo¦æª©¥»¤F¡CÁ|Ó¨Ò¤l¡A¦pªGì¨Óªº¤À¤ä¥s 4.5-STABLE¡A¥¦ªº¦W¦r - ·|Åܦ¨ 4.6-PRERELEASE ¥Hªí¥Üµ{¦¡½X¤wáµ²¡A¨Ã¥BÃB¥~ªºµo¦æ«e´ú¸Õ - ±Nn¶}©l¤F¡C¯äÂΧ󥿤´¥i¦^³ø¡A¥H¦¨¬°µo¦æª©¥»ªº¤@³¡¥÷¡C·íµ{¦¡½X - ¦³¤F¥i¦¨¬°µo¦æª©¥»ªºÂú§Î®É¡A¥¦ªº¦W¦r´N·|Åܦ¨ 4.6-RC¡A¥Hªí¥Üµo¦æ - ª©¥»§Ö¦n¤F¡C¶i¤J RC ¶¥¬q«á¡A¥u¦³§ä¨ìªº³Ì¦³¼vÅTªº¯äÂΤ~·|³Q×¥¿¡C - ·íµo¦æª©¥» (¥»¨Ò¤¤¬° 4.6-RELEASE) ²£¥Í«á¡Aµo¦æª©¥»·|¦³¦Û¤vªº¤À¤ä¡A - ì¤À¤ä·|³Q§ó¦W¬° 4.6-STABLE¡C</para> - - <para>·Qn±oª¾§ó¦h¦³Ãöª©¥»¸¹½X»P¦U CVS ¤À¤äªº¸ê°T¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò - <ulink url="../../articles/releng/article.html">Release - Engineering</ulink> ¤@¤å¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="kernel-chflag-failure"> - <para>§Ú¸ÕµÛn¦w¸Ë¤@Ó·sªº®Ö¤ß¡A¦ý¬OµLªk chflags¡C§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¸Ñ¨M¡H - </para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>²³æ¦a»¡¡G§Aªº securelevel ¥i¯à¤j©ó¹s¡Cª½±µ«·s¶}¾÷¨ì - ³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¡A¦A¦w¸Ë®Ö¤ß¡C</para> - - <para>¸Ô²Ó¦a»¡¡GFreeBSD ¦b securelevel ¤j©ó¹s±¡ªp¤U¡A¤£¤¹³\ - Åܧó¨t²ÎºX¼Ð (system flags)¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î³oÓ«ü¥OÀˬd§Aªº - securelevel¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.securelevel</userinput></screen> - - <para>§A¨S¦³¿ìªk°§C securelevel¡F§A¥²¶·±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¨ì³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¥H - ¦w¸Ë®Ö¤ß¡A©Î¬O×§ï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¤ºªº - securelevel ¦A«·s¶}¾÷¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &man.init.8; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o - §ó¦h¦³Ãö securelevel ªº¸ê°T¡AÁÙ¦³ <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf - </filename> ©M &man.rc.conf.5; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö rc.conf - ªº¸ê°T¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="kernel-securelevel-time"> - <para>¦b§Úªº¨t²Î¤W¡A§ÚµLªkÅܧó®É¶¡¶W¹L¤@¬í¥H¤Wªº½d³ò¡I - §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>²³æ¦aÁ¿¡G§A¨t²Îªº securelevel ¤]³\¤j©ó 1¡Cª½±µ«·s¶}¾÷¦Ü - ³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á¦A×§ï®É¶¡¡C</para> - - <para>¸Ô²Ó¦a»¡¡G¦b securelevel ¤j©ó 1 ªº±¡ªp¤U¡AFreeBSD ¤£¤¹³\®É¶¡ - Åܰʤj©ó¤@¬í¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤Uªº©R¥O¨ÓÀˬd¥Ø«eªº securelevel¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.securelevel</userinput></screen> - - <para>§AµLªk°§C securelevel¡F§A¥²¶·±Ò°Ê¹q¸£¦Ü³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¤U¥H×§ï®É¶¡¡A - ©Î¬O×§ï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¦A«·s¶}¾÷¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò - &man.init.8; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö securelevel ªº¸ê°T¡AÁÙ¦³ - <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> ©M &man.rc.conf.5; - »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö rc.conf ªº¸ê°T¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="statd-mem-leak"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò <command>rpc.statd</command> ¥Î¤F 256 megabytes - ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¤£¡A¨º¤£¬O memory leak¡A¦Ó¥B¥¦¤]¤£¬O¯uªº¥Î¤F 256 Mbyte - ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡C¥¦¥u¬O³ßÅw (·N«ä´N¬OÁ`·|³o¼Ë§@) ±N¤@ª¯²¼ªº°O¾ÐÅé - ¬MÁ¨쥦¦Û¤vªº¦ì§}ªÅ¶¡¡A¥H¤è«K§@¨Æ¡C´N§Þ³N¦Ó¨¥¡A³o¼Ë¨Ã¨S¦³ - ¤°»ò¤£¹ï¡F³o¼Ë¥u¬O·|Åý &man.top.1; ©M &man.ps.1; À~¤@¤j¸õ¦Ó¤w¡C - </para> - - <para>&man.rpc.statd.8; ·|±N¥¦ªºª¬ºAÀÉ®× (¦ì©ó <filename>/var - </filename>) ¬M®g¦Ü¥¦ªº¦ì§}ªÅ¶¡¸Ì¡F¬°¤F¨¾¤î»Ýnªº®ÉÔ¦A¼W¤j©Ò - ¾ÉPªº«·s¬M®g¡A¥¦¤@¦¸·|¨Ï¥Î¬Û·í¤jªº¤j¤p¡C±qµ{¦¡½X¨Ó¬Ýªº¸Ü´N - §ó©úÅã¤F¡A¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì &man.mmap.2; ªºªø«×°Ñ¼Æ¬° <literal>0x10000000 - </literal>¡A¥¦¬O IA32 ¬[ºc¤Wªº¤Q¤»¤À¤§¤@ªº©w§}ªÅ¶¡¡A¤]´N¬O - 256MB¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="unsetting-schg"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¨S¿ìªk¨ú®ø <literal>schg</literal> Àɮ׺X¼Ð¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>§A¥¿¦b¤@Ó´£°ª¤F securelevel (¤]´N¬O¤j©ó 0) ªº¨t²Î¹B§@¡C - °§C securelevel ¦A¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <link linkend="securelevel"> - FAQ ¤¤¹ï securelevel ªº»¡©ú</link> ©M &man.init.8; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡C - </para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ssh-shosts"> - <para>¬°¤°»òªñ¨Óªº·sª© FreeBSD ¹w³]µLªk§Q¥Î <filename>.shosts - </filename> §¹¦¨ SSH »{ÃÒ¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¬°¤°»òªñ¨Ó·sª© FreeBSD <filename>.shosts</filename> »{ÃÒ¹w³] - ¬°¨ú®øªºì¦]¡A¬O¦]¬° &man.ssh.1; ¹w³]¤£¦w¸Ë¬° suid ¦¨ <username> - root</username>¡Cn <quote>×¥¿</quote> ³oÂI¡A§A¥i¥H§@¤U¦Cªº - ¥ô¦ó¤@¥ó¨Æ¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>n¤@³Ò¥Ã¶h¸Ñ¨M¡A½Ð±N <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> - ¸Ìªº <makevar>ENABLE_SUID_SSH</makevar> ³]¦¨ <literal>true - </literal>¡AµM«á¦A«·s build ssh (©Î¬O°õ¦æ <command>make - world</command>)¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¥u§@¤@®Éªº×¥¿ªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H <username>root</username> ¨¥÷ - °õ¦æ <command>chmod 4755 /usr/bin/ssh</command> ±N - <filename>/usr/bin/ssh</filename> ³]¦¨ <literal>4555 - </literal>¡CµM«á±N <makevar>ENABLE_SUID_SSH= true</makevar> - ¥[¤J <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ¸Ì¡A³o¼Ë¤U¦¸ - <command>make world</command> °õ¦æ´N·|¥Í®Ä¤F¡C</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="vnlru"> - <para>¤°»ò¬O <literal>vnlru</literal>?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>·í¨t²Î¹F¨ì¤W <varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname> ®É¡A - <literal>vnlru</literal> ·|²M°£¨ÃÄÀ©ñ vnode¡C³oÓ®Ö¤ß - °õ¦æºü¤j³¡¥÷ªº®É¶¡³£¨S¨Æ§@¡A¥u¦³·í§A¦³«Ü¤jªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A¦Ó¥B - ¥¿¦b¦s¨ú¤W¸UÓ¤pÀɮ׮ɡA¤~·|³Q±Ò°Ê¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - </qandaset> - </chapter> - - <chapter id="x"> - <chapterinfo> - <author> - <firstname>Wei-Hon</firstname> - <surname>Chen</surname> - <affiliation> - <address><email>plasmaball@pchome.com.tw</email></address> - </affiliation> - </author> - </chapterinfo> - - <title>X Window System ¤Î Virtual Consoles</title> - - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question id="running-X"> - <para>§Ú·Qn°õ¦æ X ¡A§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò°µ¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - - <para>³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O¦b¦w¸Ë¨t²Îªº®ÉÔ¤@¨Ö¦w¸Ë¡C</para> - - <para>µM«á¬Ý¬Ý &man.xorgconfig.1; ªº¤å¥ó¡A³oÓµ{¦¡¥i¥H - À°±z³]©w &xorg; ¬ÛÃö³]©w¡A¨Ï¥¦¯à°÷¥¿½T¹B¥Î±zªºÅã¥Ü¥d¡B·Æ¹«µ¥¶gÃä¡C¦¹¥~¡AÁÙ¥i¥H¥Î &man.xorgcfg.1; - ªº¹Ï§Î¤¶±¨Ó°µ¬ÛÃö³]©w¡C</para> - - <para>±z©Î³\¤]·Q¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý Xaccel server¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð¬Ý <link linkend="xig">Xi Graphics</link> - ³o¤@¬q¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="running-X-securelevels"> - <para>§Ú <emphasis>¸ÕµÛ</emphasis> n°õ¦æ X, ¦ý¬O·í§ÚÁä¤J - <command>startx</command> ®É¡A±o¨ì - <errorname>KDENABIO failed (Operation not permitted)</errorname> - ¿ù»~¡C§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>§Aªº¨t²Î¤@©w´£°ª¤F securelevel¡A¹ï¤£¹ï¡H¦b¤@Ó´£°ª¤F - securelevel ªº¨t²Î¤W¡A¬Oµ´¹ïµLªk°_°Ê X ªº¡C·Qª¾¹D¬°¤°»ò¡A - ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &man.init.8; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡C</para> - - <para>©Ò¥H³oÓ°ÝÃDÅܦ¨¡G§AÁÙ¯à«ç»ò¿ì¡C°ò¥»¤W§A¦³¨âºØ¿ï¾Ü¡G - ±N§Aªº securelevel ³]¦^¹s (³q±`¦b <filename>/etc/rc.conf - </filename> ¸Ì±³]©w)¡A©Î¬O¦b±Ò°Ê®É°õ¦æ &man.xdm.1; (¦b - securelevel ³Qª@°ª«e)¡C</para> - - <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <xref linkend="xdm-boot"/> ¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö±Ò°Ê®É - °õ¦æ &man.xdm.1; ªº¸ê°T¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="x-and-moused"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à¦b X ¸Ì¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦pªG±z¥Îªº¬O syscons (¤º©wªº console ÅX°Êµ{¦¡) ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H - ¸g¥Ñ³]©w FreeBSD ¨ÓÅý¥¦¤ä´©¦b¨CÓ virtual console ¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡C¬°¤F - Á×§K©M X ²£¥Í½Ä¬ð¡Asyscons ¨Ï¥Î¤F¤@Ó¥s°µ - <devicename>/dev/sysmouse</devicename> ªºµêÀÀ¸Ë¸m¡C©Ò¦³·Æ¹«²£¥Íªº - event ³£·|§Q¥Î moused ¨Ó¼g¨ì sysmouse ³oӸ˸m¡C¦pªG±z§Æ±æ¦b¤@Ó - ©Î¥H¤Wªº virtual console ¤W¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡A<emphasis>¨Ã¥B</emphasis> - ¯à°÷¨Ï¥Î X ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò - <xref linkend="moused" remap="another section"/> ¨Ã¥B³]©w¦n - moused¡C</para> - - <para>µM«á½s¿è <filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename> ³oÓÀɮסA - ¨Ã¥B½T»{§A¦³¥H¤U³o´X¦æªº³]©w¡C</para> - - <programlisting>Section Pointer -Protocol "SysMouse" -Device "/dev/sysmouse" -....</programlisting> - - <para>¥H¤Wªº¨Ò¤l¡A¾A¥Î©ó XFree86 3.3.2 ¤Î¨ä«áªºª©¥»¡C¥Î©ó§ó¦ªº - ª©¥»ªº¡A¨ä <emphasis>Protocol</emphasis> À³¬° - <emphasis>MouseSystems</emphasis>¡C</para> - - <para>¦³¨Ç¤H¤ñ¸û³ßÅw¦b³]©w X ªº®ÉԥΠ- <devicename>/dev/mouse</devicename> ³oӸ˸m¡C¦pªG±znÅý¥¦¯à°÷ - ¥¿±`¤u§@ªº¸Ü¡A±z´N¥²¶·§â <devicename>/dev/mouse</devicename> - ³sµ²¨ì <devicename>/dev/sysmouse</devicename> (½Ð°Ñ¦Ò - &man.sysmouse.4;):</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>rm -f mouse</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s sysmouse mouse</userinput></screen> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="x-and-wheel"> - <para>·Æ¹«ªººu½ü¡A¯à¦b X ¸Ì±¨Ï¥Î¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¥i¥H¡C¤£¹L»Ýn³]©w X client ºÝµ{¦¡¡C ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ulink - url="http://www.inria.fr/koala/colas/mouse-wheel-scroll/"> - Colas Nahaboo ªººô¶ - (http://www.inria.fr/koala/colas/mouse-wheel-scroll/) - </ulink>.</para> - - <para>¦pªG§An¨Ï¥Î <application>imwheel</application> µ{¦¡¡A - ¥un¸òµÛ¤U¦C¨BÆJ§@§Y¥i¡C</para> - - <orderedlist> - <listitem> - <para>Âà´«ºu½ü event -Translate the Wheel Events</para> - - <para><application>imwheel</application> µ{¦¡ªº¹B§@ì²z¡A - ¬O±N·Æ¹«ªº²Ä¥|Áä»P²Ä¤ÁäÂà´«¦¨«öÁä event¡C¦]¬°¦p¦¹¡A©Ò¥H - §A¥²¶·Åý·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡±N·Æ½ü¨Æ¥óÂà´«¦¨²Ä¥|Áä»P²Ä¤Áä event¡C - ¦³¨âºØ¤èªk¥i¥H¹F¨ì¥Øªº¡A¤@¬OÅý &man.moused.8; §@Âà´«¡A¤G¬O - Åý X ¥»¨¥h§@ event Âà´«¡C</para> - - <orderedlist> - <listitem> - <para>¨Ï¥Î &man.moused.8; ¨ÓÂà´«ºu½ü Event</para> - - <para>nÅý &man.moused.8; ¨Ó§@ event Âà´«¡A¥un¦b - °õ¦æ &man.moused.8; ªº©R¥O¦C¤¤¥[¤W <option>-z 4</option> - §Y¥i¡CÁ|Ó¨Ò¤l¡A¦pªG§A¤@¯ë³£¬O¥H - <command>moused -p /dev/psm0</command> ¨Ó°_°Ê - &man.moused.8; ªº¸Ü¡A¥un§ï¦¨ <command>moused -p - /dev/psm0 -z 4</command> §Y¥i¡C¦pªG§A¬O¦b¶}¾÷¹Lµ{¤¤§Q¥Î - <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¨Ó°_°Ê &man.moused.8;¡A - §A¥i¥H¦b <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¤¤±N - <varname>moused_flags</varname> ¤W¥[ <option>-z 4 - </option> §Y¥i¡C</para> - - <para>§A²{¦b»ÝnÅý X ª¾¹D§Aªº·Æ¹«¦³¤Ó«öÁä¡A¥un¦b - <filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename> ¤¤ªº - <quote>Pointer</quote> °Ï¶ô¤¤¥[¤W - <literal>Buttons 5</literal> ³o¤@¦æ§Y¥i¡C¨Ò¦p¡A - §A¥i¯à¦b <filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename> ¤¤¦³ - ¥H¤Uªº <quote>Pointer</quote> °Ï¶ô¡G</para> - - <example> - - <title>¦b XFree86 3.3.x ¨t¦Cªº XF86Config ³]©wÀɪº - <quote>Pointer</quote> °Ï¶ô¤¤¡A¥H moused §@Âà´« - ªººu½ü¹«ªº³]©w½d¨Ò</title> - - <programlisting>Section "Pointer" - Protocol "SysMouse" - Device "/dev/sysmouse" - Buttons 5 -EndSection</programlisting> - </example> - - <example> - <title>¦b XFree86 4.x ¨t¦Cªº XF86Config ³]©wÀɪº - <quote>InputDevice</quote> °Ï¶ô¤¤¡A¥H X Server §@Âà´« - ªººu½ü¹«ªº³]©w½d¨Ò</title> - - <programlisting>Section "InputDevice" - Identifier "Mouse1" - Driver "mouse" - Option "Protocol" "auto" - Option "Device" "/dev/sysmouse" - Option "Buttons" "5" -EndSection</programlisting> - </example> - - <example> - <title>¦b <quote>.emacs</quote> ¤¤¡A³]©wºu½ü¹«ªºì¥Í - ¶±ºu°Ê¤ä´©½d¨Ò</title> - <programlisting>;; wheel mouse -(global-set-key [mouse-4] 'scroll-down) -(global-set-key [mouse-5] 'scroll-up)</programlisting> - </example> - - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>§Q¥Î§Aªº X Server ¨Ó§@ºu½ü Event Âà´«</para> - - <para>¦pªG§A¨S¦³°õ¦æ &man.moused.8;¡A©Î¬O§A¤£·Q§Q¥Î - &man.moused.8; ¥h§@ºu½ü event Âà´«¡A§A¥i¥H§ï¥Î - X server ¨Ó§@³o¼Ëªº event Âà´«¡C§A±o¦b <filename> - /etc/XF86Config</filename> Àɮפ¤§@´XÓ§ó°Ê¡C²Ä¤@¡A - §An¬°§Aªº·Æ¹«¿ï¾Ü¾A·íªº³q°T¨ó©w¡C¤j¦h¼Æªººu½ü¹«³£ - ¨Ï¥Î <quote>IntelliMouse</quote> ¨ó©w¡A¤£¹L XFree86 - ¤]¤ä´©¨ä¥¦ªº³q°T¨ó©w¡A¨Ò¦pù§Þªº MouseMan+ ·Æ¹«©Ò¥Îªº - <quote>MouseManPlusPS/2</quote>¡C·í§A¿ï¦n¤§«á¡A¥un - ¥[¶i¤@¦æ <quote>Pointer</quote> °Ï¶ôªº <varname> - Protocol</varname> ÅܼƧY¥i¡C</para> - - <para>²Ä¤G¡A§An§i¶D X server ±N±²°Ê¨Æ¥ó«·s¹ï¬M¦Ü·Æ¹«ªº - ²Ä¥|©M²Ä¤Áä¡C³o¥i¥H§Q¥Î <varname>ZAxisMapping</varname> - ¿ï¶µ¿ì¨ì¡C</para> - - <para>Á|Ó¨Ò¤l¡A¦pªG§A¨S¦³¨Ï¥Î &man.moused.8;¡A¦Ó§A¦³¤@Ó - IntelliMouse ¦w¸Ë¦b PS/2 ·Æ¹«°ðªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥H¦b - <filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename> ¸Ì¨Ï¥Î¥H¤Uªº³]©w¡C - </para> - - <example> - <title>¦b XF86Config ³]©wÀɪº <quote>Pointer</quote> - °Ï¶ô¤¤¡A¥H X Server §@Âà´«ªººu½ü¹«ªº³]©w½d¨Ò</title> - - <programlisting>Section "Pointer" - Protocol "IntelliMouse" - Device "/dev/psm0" - ZAxisMapping 4 5 -EndSection</programlisting> - </example> - - <example> - <title>¦b XFree86 4.x ¨t¦Cªº XF86Config ³]©wÀɪº - <quote>InputDevice</quote> °Ï¶ô¤¤¡A¥H X Server §@Âà´« - ªººu½ü¹«ªº³]©w½d¨Ò</title> - - <programlisting>Section "InputDevice" - Identifier "Mouse1" - Driver "mouse" - Option "Protocol" "auto" - Option "Device" "/dev/psm0" - Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" -EndSection</programlisting> - </example> - - <example> - <title>¦b <quote>.emacs</quote> ¤¤¡A³]©wºu½ü¹«ªºì¥Í - ¶±ºu°Ê¤ä´©½d¨Ò</title> - <programlisting>;; wheel mouse -(global-set-key [mouse-4] 'scroll-down) -(global-set-key [mouse-5] 'scroll-up)</programlisting> - </example> - - </listitem> - </orderedlist> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>¦w¸Ë <application>imwheel</application></para> - - <para>±µ¤U¨Ó¡A±q Ports ¸Ì¦w¸Ë <application>imwheel - </application>¡C¦b x11 Ãþ§O¸Ì¥i¥H§ä¨ì¥¦¡A¥¦¥i¥H±N - ºu½ü event ¹ï¬M¨ìÁä½L event¡CÁ|Ó¨Ò¤l¡A¥¦¥i¥H¦b§A - ±Nºu½ü©¹«e±À®É¡A°e¥X¤@Ó <keycap>Page Up</keycap> - ¨ì§AªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¥h¡C<application>Imwheel</application> - §Q¥Î¤@Ó³]©wÀÉ¡A¥H«K¹ïÀ³ºu½ü event ¦ÜÁä½L event¡A³o¼Ë - ¥¦´N¥i¥H¦b¤£¦PªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¤¤¡A°e¥X¤£¦PªºÁä½L«öÁä¡C¹w³]ªº - <application>imwheel</application> ³]©wÀɬO¦b - <filename>/usr/X11R6/etc/imwheelrc</filename>¡A¦pªG§A·Q - ½s¿è¦Ûqªº³]©wÀɪº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H±N¥¦½Æ»s¨ì - <filename>~/.imwheelrc</filename>¡AµM«á¨Ì§Aªº»Ýnק復¡C - ³]©wÀɪº®æ¦¡¦b &man.imwheel.1; ¸Ì±¦³¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú¡C</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>³]©w <application>Emacs</application> »P - <application>Imwheel</application> ¨ó¦P¤u§@ - (<emphasis>¿ï¾Ü©Ê</emphasis>)</para> - - <para>¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î <application>emacs</application> ©Î¬O - <application>Xemacs</application> ªº¸Ü¡A¨º§A»Ýn¦b§Aªº - <filename>~/.emacs</filename> Àɮ׸̥[¤W¤@¤p¬q³]©w¡C - <application>emacs</application> ½Ð¥[¤W³o¤@¬q¡G</para> - - <example> - <title><application>Imwheel</application> ªº - <application>Emacs</application> ³]©w</title> - - <programlisting>;;; For imwheel -(setq imwheel-scroll-interval 3) -(defun imwheel-scroll-down-some-lines () - (interactive) - (scroll-down imwheel-scroll-interval)) -(defun imwheel-scroll-up-some-lines () - (interactive) - (scroll-up imwheel-scroll-interval)) -(global-set-key [?\M-\C-\)] 'imwheel-scroll-up-some-lines) -(global-set-key [?\M-\C-\(] 'imwheel-scroll-down-some-lines) -;;; end imwheel section</programlisting> - </example> - - <para><application>Xemacs</application> «h¦b - <filename>~/.emacs</filename> Àɸ̥[¤W³o¤@¬q¡G</para> - - <example> - <title><application>Imwheel</application> ªº - <application>Xemacs</application> ³]©w</title> - - <programlisting>;;; For imwheel -(setq imwheel-scroll-interval 3) -(defun imwheel-scroll-down-some-lines () - (interactive) - (scroll-down imwheel-scroll-interval)) -(defun imwheel-scroll-up-some-lines () - (interactive) - (scroll-up imwheel-scroll-interval)) -(define-key global-map [(control meta \))] 'imwheel-scroll-up-some-lines) -(define-key global-map [(control meta \()] 'imwheel-scroll-down-some-lines) -;;; end imwheel section</programlisting> - </example> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>°õ¦æ <application>Imwheel</application></para> - - <para>¦w¸Ë¤§«á¡A§A¥i¥Hª½±µ¦b xterm ¸ÌÁä¤J <command>imwheel - </command> ©R¥O¥H°_°Ê¥¦¡C¥¦·|¥HI´º°õ¦æ¡A¨Ã¥B°¨¤Wµo´§®Ä¥Î¡C - ¦pªG§A½T©wnª½±µ¨Ï¥Î <application>imwheel</application>¡A - ¥un§â¥¦¥[¶i§A¦Û¤vªº <filename>.xinitrc</filename> ©Î - <filename>.xsession</filename> ¤ºÀÉ®×§Y¥i¡C§A¥i¥H¤£ºÞ - <application>imwheel</application> ©Ò°e¥X¨Ó¦³Ãö PID ÀÉ®× - ĵ§i¡C¨º¨Çĵ§i¥u¹ï Linux ª©ªº <application>imwheel - </application> ¦³®Ä¦Ó¤w¡C</para> - </listitem> - </orderedlist> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="window-menu-weird"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò X Window ªº¿ï³æ©M¹ï¸Ü®Ø¤£¯à¥¿±`¹B§@¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>§â Num Lock Ãö±¼¸Õ¸Õ¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG±zªº Num Lock ¦b¶}¾÷®Éªº¹w³]ȬO¶}µÛªº¸Ü¡A±z¥²¶·§â¤U¦C - ³o¦æ©ñ¨ì <filename>XF86Config</filename> ³]©wÀɤ¤ªº - <literal>Keyboard</literal> ³¡¥÷¡C</para> - - <programlisting># Let the server do the NumLock processing. This should only be -# required when using pre-R6 clients - ServerNumLock</programlisting> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="virtual-console"> - <para>¤°»ò¬O virtual console¡H§Ún«ç»ò°µ¤~¯à¥Î¦h¤@ÂI¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>²³æ¨Ó»¡¡Avirtual console ´N¬O¥i¥HÅý±z¤£¥²°µ¤Ó¦h½ÆÂøªº³]©w - ¦p¨Ï¥Îºô¸ô©Î°õ¦æ X ¡A¦Ó¦b¦P¤@»O¾÷¾¹¤W¦P®É°µ¦n´X¥ó¨Æªº¤èªk¡C</para> - - <para>·í±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¨ÃÅã¥Ü§¹©Ò¦³¶}¾÷°T®§¤§«á¡A±z´N·|¦b¿Ã¹õ¤W¬Ý¨ì¤@Ó - login ªº´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡C¦b³oÓ®ÉÔ±z´N¥i¥H¿é¤J±zªº login name ¥H¤Î - password ¡AµM«á´N¥i¥H¦b²Ä¤@Ó virtual console ¤W¶}©l¤u§@¤F - (©ÎªÌ¶}©lª±¡I) ¡C</para> - - <para>¦b¬Y¨Ç±¡ªp¤U¡A±z¥i¯à·|·Qn§@¨ä¥Lªº¤u§@¡A¨Ò¦p»¡¬O¬Ý¬Ý±z¥¿¦b - °õ¦æªºµ{¦¡ªº»¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A©Î¬O·í±z¦b FTP ¶Ç¿éªºµ¥«Ý®É¶¡¤¤¬Ý¬Ý±zªº - ¶l¥ó¡C±z¥u»Ýn«ö Alt-F2 («ö¦í Alt Á䤣©ñ¡A¨Ã«ö¤U F2 Áä) ¡AµM«á - ±z´N·|¦b²Ä¤GÓ <quote>virtual console</quote> ¤W¬Ý¨ì¤@Ó login - ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡I·í±z·Qn¦^¨ìì¨Óªº¤u§@®É¡A½Ð«ö Alt-F1¡C</para> - - <para>FreeBSD ¦b¦w¸Ë®Éªº¹w³]ȬO¨Ï¥Î¤TÓ virtual console - (3.3-RELEASE «á¬°¤KÓ)¡A±z¥i¥H¥Î Alt-F1¡AAlt-F2¡A¥H¤Î Alt-F3 - ¦b¥¦Ì¤§¶¡°µ¤Á´«¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG±z·Qn¦h¤@ÂI virtual console ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥u»Ýn½s¿è - <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ³oÓÀÉ (½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &man.ttys.5;)¡A - ¦b <quote>Virtual terminals</quote> ³oÓµù¸Ñ«á±¥[¤J - <devicename>ttyv4</devicename> ¨ì <devicename>ttyvc</devicename> - ªºÄæ¦ì¡G</para> - - <programlisting># Edit the existing entry for ttyv3 in /etc/ttys and change -# "off" to "on". -ttyv3 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure -ttyv4 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure -ttyv5 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure -ttyv6 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure -ttyv7 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure -ttyv8 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure -ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure -ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure -ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure</programlisting> - - <para>±z·Q¥Î´XÓ´N³]´XÓ¡C±z³]¶V¦h virtual terminal ¡A¥¦Ì´N¥Î±¼ - ¶V¦h¨t²Î¸ê·½¡F¦pªG±z¥u¦³¤£¨ì 8MB ªº°O¾ÐÅ骺¸Ü¡A³o¼vÅT´N¤j¤F¡C - ±z¥i¯à¤]·|·Q§â <literal>secure</literal> ´«¦¨ - <literal>insecure</literal>¡C</para> - - <important> - <para>¦pªG±z·Qn°õ¦æ X ªº¸Ü¡A±z <emphasis>¥²¶·</emphasis> - ¬°¥¦«O¯d (©ÎÃö±¼) ¦Ü¤Ö¤@Ó virtual terminal ¡C³o´N¬O»¡¡A¦pªG - ±z·Q¦b«ö¤Q¤GÓ Alt ¥\¯àÁä®É³£¦³ login ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡A¦Ó¥B¤S¦b¦P¤@ - ³¡¹q¸£¤W¤]·Q°õ¦æ X ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò³o¯u¬O¤Ó¤£©¯¤F - ±z¥u¯à¥Î¤Q¤@Ó¡C - </para> - </important> - - <para>¨ú®ø¤@Ó console ³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O§â¥¦Ãö±¼¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG - ±z¹³¤W±Á¿ªº¤@¼Ë³]©w¤F¥þ³¡ªº 12 Ó terminal ¨Ã¥B·Qn°õ¦æ X ¡A - ±z¥²»Ý§â virtual terminal 12 ±q¡G</para> - - <programlisting>ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure</programlisting> - - <para>³]¦¨¡G</para> - - <programlisting>ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure</programlisting> - - <para>¦pªG±zªºÁä½L¥u¦³ 10 Ó¥\¯àÁ䪺¸Ü¡A±z´Nn§ï¦¨³o¼Ë¡G</para> - -<programlisting>ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure -ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure -ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure</programlisting> - - <para>(±z¤]¥i¥Hª½±µ§â³o´X¦æ¬å±¼¡C)</para> - - <para>¤@¥¹±z§ï¤F <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>¡A¤U¤@Ó¨BÆJ´N¬On - ½T©w±z¦³¨¬°÷ªº virtual terminal ¸Ë¸m¡C³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV vty12</userinput></screen> - - <para>¦A¹L¨Ó¡A·Qn±Ò°Ê³o¨Ç virtual console ³Ì²³æ (¤]¬O³Ì°®²b) - ªº°µªk´N¬O«¶}¾÷¡CµM«á¡A¦pªG±z¤£·Q«¶}¾÷ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H§â X Window - Ãö±¼¡AµM«á¥Î <username>root</username> ªº¨¥÷°õ¦æ¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -HUP 1</userinput></screen> - - <para>·í±z°õ¦æ³oÓ©R¥O«e¡A±z¤@©wn§¹¥þ§â X Window Ãö±¼¡C¦pªG - ±z¤£³o»ò°µªº¸Ü¡A±zªº¨t²Î¥i¯à·|¦b±z°õ¦æ kill ©R¥O«á¥X²{·í±¼©Î - Âꦺªº±¡ªp¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="vty-from-x"> - <para>§Ún«ç»ò±q X ¤Á´«¨ì virtual console¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>½Ð¥Î <keycombo action="simul"> - <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - <keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap> - </keycombo> ¥H¤Á¦^¦Ü virtual console¡C - <keycombo action="simul"> - <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> - <keycap>Alt</keycap> - 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</qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="mouse-button-reverse"> - <para>§Ún«ç»ò°µ¤~¯à³]©w¥ªºJ¤l¥Îªº·Æ¹«¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦b±zªº <filename>.xinitrc</filename> ©Î¬O - <filename>.xsession</filename> ¤¤°õ¦æ - <literal>xmodmap -e "pointer = 3 2 1"</literal> ªº«ü¥O¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="install-splash"> - <para>n¦p¦ó¦w¸Ë splash ¹Ï§ÎÅã¥Üµ{¦¡¡H¨º¸Ì¥i¥H§ä±o¨ì©O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - - <para>´N¦bµo¦æ FreeBSD 3.1 ¤§«e¡A§ÚÌ¥[¶i¤F¦b¶}¾÷®ÉÅã¥Ü - <quote>splash</quote> ¹Ï§Îªº·s¥\¯à¡C¥Ø«e¥Î¨ÓÅã¥Ü¦b¿Ã¹õ¤WªºÀÉ®× - ¥²¶·¬O 256 ¦âªºÂI¯x°}¹Ï§Î (<filename>*.BMP</filename>) ©Î ZSoft - PCX(<filename>*.PCX</filename>) ªº®æ¦¡¡C°£¦¹¤§¥~¡A¸ÑªR«×¤]¥²¶·¦b - 320x200 ¥H¤U¡A¤~¯à©M¼Ð·Ç VGA Åã¥Ü¥d·f°t¨Ï¥Î¡C¦pªG±z½sĶ kernel - ®É¦³¥[¤J VESA ¤ä´©¡A¨º»ò³Ì¤j¸ÑªR«×¥i¥H¨ì 1024x768¡Cª`·N VESA ªº - ¤ä´©»Ýn¥[¤J <literal>VM86</literal> ³oÓ kernel ¿ï¶µ¡CVESA - ¤ä´©¹ê»Ú¤W¥i¥H¦b½sĶ kernel ®É¥[¤J <literal>VESA</literal> ¿ï¶µ¡B - ©Î¸ü¤J VESA ªº kld module ¨Ó¹F¦¨¡C</para> - - <para>±zn×§ï±±¨î FreeBSD ¶}¾÷¨BÆJªº³]©wÀÉ¡A¤~¯à¨Ï¥Î splash - Åã¥Ü¹Ï§Îªº¥\¯à¡C³]©wÀɦbµo¦æ FreeBSD 3.2 «e¦³¨Ç§ó°Ê¡A©Ò¥H²{¦b - ¦³¨âÓ¤èªk¥i¥H¸ü¤J splash ªº¥\¯à¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>FreeBSD 3.1</para> - - <para>¥ý¿ï¥X¥Î¨ÓÅã¥Ü¦b¿Ã¹õ¤Wªº¹Ï§Î¡A3.1 ª©¥u¤ä´© Windows - ªºÂI¯x°}®æ¦¡¡C¿ï¦n¤F±znªº¹ÏÀÉ«á¡A±N¥¦«þ¨ì <filename> - /boot/splash.bmp</filename>¡C±µµÛ§â¤U±´X¦æ¥[¤J - <filename>/boot/loader.rc</filename> ¤¤¡G</para> - - <programlisting>load kernel -load -t splash_image_data /boot/splash.bmp -load splash_bmp -autoboot</programlisting> - - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>FreeBSD 3.2+</para> - - <para>°£¤F¥[¤J¹ï PCX Àɮתº¤ä´©¥~¡AFreeBSD 3.2 ¤]§ï¶i¤F - ¶}¾÷µ{§Çªº³]©w¤è¦¡¡C¦pªG±zÄ@·Nªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H¥Î¤Wz FreeBSD 3.1 - ªº¤èªk¡A±N <literal>splash_bmp</literal> ´«¦¨ - <literal>splash_pcx</literal> ¨Ó¸ü¤J PCX ÀÉ®×§Y¥i¡C - ¦pªG·Q¥Î·sªº³]©w¤è¦¡¡A±zªº <filename>/boot/loader.rc - </filename> ¥²¶·¥]¬A³o´X¦æ¡G</para> - - <programlisting>include /boot/loader.4th -start</programlisting> - - <para>ÁÙ»Ýn¤@Ó¥]§t¥H¤U´X¦æªº <filename>/boot/loader.conf - </filename>¡G</para> - - <programlisting>splash_bmp_load="YES" -bitmap_load="YES"</programlisting> - - <para>³o¬O°²³]±z¥Î <filename>/boot/splash.bmp</filename> - ¨Ó·í§@ splash ªº¿Ã¹õÅã¥Ü¡C¦pªG·Q¥Î PCX ªºÀɮסA§â¥¦«þ¦¨ - <filename>/boot/splash.pcx</filename>¡A¦p¤Wz°µ¥X - <filename>/boot/loader.rc</filename>¡A¦A±N³o´X¦æ¥[¨ì - <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> ¤¤¡G</para> - - <programlisting>splash_pcx_load="YES" -bitmap_load="YES" -bitmap_name="/boot/splash.pcx"</programlisting> - - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - - <para>²{¦b´N¥u³Ñ¤U splash ¥Î¨ÓÅã¥Üªº¹ÏÀÉ¡A±z¥i¥H¦b - <ulink url="http://www.baldwin.cx/splash/">http://www.baldwin.cx/splash/</ulink> §ä¨ì¦UºØ¼Ë«~¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="windows-keys"> - <para>§Ú¯à¦b X ¸Ì¨Ï¥ÎÁä½L¤Wªº <trademark class="registered">Windows - </trademark> ¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¥i¥H¡C§A©Òn§@ªº¡A´N¬O§Q¥Î &man.xmodmap.1; ¥h©w¸q§A·Q¨Ï¥Î - ªº¥\¯à¡C</para> - - <para>°²³]©Ò¦³ªº <quote><trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark></quote> ³£¬O¼Ð·Çªº¡A - ¨º¥¦Ìªº keycode ¤À§O¬°¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>115 - <trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark> Áä¡A - ¦b¥ª¤âªº Ctrl »P Alt Á䤧¶¡</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>116 - <trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark> Áä¡A - ¦b Alt-Gr Áä¥kÃä</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>117 - ¿ï³æÁä¡A¥k¤âªº Ctrl Á䥪Ãä</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - - <para>nÅý¥ªÃ䪺 <trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark> - Áä¦L¥X¤@Ó³rÂI¡A¸Õ¸Õ³oÓ¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>xmodmap -e "keycode 115 = comma"</userinput></screen> - - <para>§A¥i¯àn«¶]§Aªº windows manager¡A¤~·|¦³°Ê§@¡C</para> - - <para>nÅý <trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark> Áä - ªº¹ï¬M¦b¨C¦¸ X °_°Ê®É¦Û°Ê³]©w¦n¡A§A¥i¥H¦b§Aªº - <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> ¸Ì¥[¤W <command>xmodmap</command>¡A - ©Î¬O³Ì¦n«Ø¥ß¤@Ó <filename>~/.xmodmaprc</filename> ÀɮסA¸Ì± - ¨C¤@¦æ´N¬O¤@Ó <command>xmodmap</command> ªº¿ï¶µ¡AµM«á¦b§Aªº - <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> ¸Ì¥[¤W¡G</para> - - - <programlisting>xmodmap $HOME/.xmodmaprc</programlisting> - - <para>³o¤@¦æ¡C</para> - - <para>¨Ò¦p¡A§A·Qn±N³o¤TÓÁä¦U¹ï¬M¨ì F13¡BF14 ©M F15¡C³oÅý§A¯à - ¦b§Aªºµ{¦¡©Î¬O window manager ¤º±N¨ä¹ïÀ³¨ì«K§Qªº¥\¯à¤W¡Aµ¥¤@¤U - §ÚÌ·|¥Ü½d¡C</para> - - <para>§â³o¨Ç©ñ¶i <filename>~/.xmodmaprc</filename> ¸Ì¡G</para> - - <programlisting>keycode 115 = F13 -keycode 116 = F14 -keycode 117 = F15</programlisting> - - <para>°²¦p§A¥Î <command>fvwm2</command> ªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥H§@³o¼Ëªº¹ï¬M¡A - Åý F13 ¯à°÷Åý´å¼Ð©Ò¦bªºµøµ¡ÁY¦¨¤p¹Ï¥Ü (©Î¬O¤Ï¹L¨Ó)¡CF14 Åý´å¼Ð - ©Ò¦bªºµøµ¡Åܦ¨³Ì¤W¼hªºµøµ¡¡A©Î¬O°h¨ì¤U¼h¥h (¦pªG¥¦¤w¸g¬O³Ì¤W¼h - ¤Fªº¸Ü)¡CF15 «h±N Workplace (application) ¿ï³æ¥s¥X¨Ó¡A§Y¨Ï´å¼Ð - ¤£¦b®à±¤W¡C·í§A¨S¦³¥i¨£ªº®à±°Ï°ì®É¡A³oÓ¥\¯à´N¬Û·í¦a¤è«K (¦Ó¥B - «öÁä¤Wªº¹Ï®×©M³oÓ¥\¯à¬Û§k¦X)¡C</para> - - <para>¥H¤Uªº <filename>~/.fvwmrc</filename> ³]©w¥i§@¥X«ezªº¥\¯à¡C - </para> - - <programlisting>Key F13 FTIWS A Iconify -Key F14 FTIWS A RaiseLower -Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="x-3d-acceleration"> - <para>§Ún«ç»ò¼Ë¤~¯à±o¨ì OpenGL ªº 3D µwÅé¥[³t¥\¯à¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>3D ¥[³t¥\¯àªº¦³µL¡Aµø§A©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº XFree86 ª©¥»»PÅã¥Ü´¹¤ù - ªº«¬¸¹¦Ó©w¡C¦pªG§Aªº¬O NVIDIA ´¹¤ùªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¥h - <ulink url="http://nvidia.netexplorer.org/">FreeBSD NVIDIA - Driver Initiative </ulink> ºô¶¬Ý¬Ý¡A¨º¸Ì¦³¦b XFree86-4 ¤W¨Ï¥Î - NVIDIA ´¹¤ùªº 3D ¥[³t¥\¯àªº°Q½×¡CXFree86-4 ¤Wªº¨ä¥¦Åã¥Ü¥d¼tµP - µwÅé¥[³t¥\¯àªº¸ê°T¡A ¥]¬A Matrox G200/G400, ATI Rage 128/Radeon, - 3dfx Voodoo 3, 4, 5, ¥H¤Î Banshee¡A¥i¦b <ulink - url="http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~eanholt/dri/">XFree86-4 - Direct Rendering on FreeBSD</ulink> ºô¶¤W§ä¨ì¡CXFree 3.3 ªº - ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î Utah-GLX port¡A¥¦¥i¥H¦b - <filename role="package">graphics/utah-glx</filename> §ä¨ì¡C - ¨Ï¥Î¥¦¥i¥H¦b Matrox Gx00, ATI Rage Pro, SiS 6326, i810, - Savage, ¥H¤Îªº NVIDIA ¤W±o¨ì¦³ªº OpenGL ¥[³t¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - </qandaset> - </chapter> - - <chapter id="networking"> - <chapterinfo> - <author> - <firstname>Biing Jong</firstname> - <surname>Lin</surname> - <affiliation> - <address><email>bjlin@stic.gov.tw</email></address> - </affiliation> - </author> - </chapterinfo> - - <title>Networking</title> - - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question id="diskless-booting"> - <para>§ÚÀ³¸Ó¨ìþÃä§ä¦³ÃöµLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷ - <quote>diskless booting</quote> ªº¸ê®Æ¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para><quote>Diskless booting</quote> ´N¬OÅý FreeBSD ¥D¾÷±qºô¸ô - ¤W¶}¾÷¡A¨Ã¥B±qºô¸ô¤Wªº server ¤WŪ¨ú¨ä¥L¥²nªºÀɮסA¦Ó«D¥Ñ¥D¾÷ - ªºµwºÐ¤W¨ú±o³o¨ÇÀɮסC¸Ô²Óªº¸ê®Æ¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò <ulink - url="../handbook/diskless.html"> FreeBSD ¤â¥UªºµLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷½g - </ulink>¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="router"> - <para>FreeBSD ªº¥D¾÷¥i¥H·í§@¬YÓºô¸ô¤Wªº¸ô¥Ñ¾¹(router)¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¬Oªº¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò FreeBSD ¤â¥Uªººô¸ô¶i¶¥½g <ulink - url="../handbook/routing.html"> advanced - networking</ulink>¡A¤×¨ä¬O¸ô¥Ñ»P¹h¹D¾¹ <ulink - url="../handbook/routing.html#DEDICATED-ROUTER">routing - and gateways</ulink>ªº³¡¤À¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="win95-connection"> - <para>§Ú¥i¥H³z¹L FreeBSD ±N§Úªº Win95 ¾÷¾¹³s¤W Internet ¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>°ò¥»¤W¡A·|°Ý³oºØ°ÝÃDªº¤H¦b®a¸Ì¦Ü¤Ö¦³¨â¥x¹q¸£¡A¤@¥x¶] FreeBSD - ¥t¥~¤@¥x¶] Win95¡F³oÓ·Qªk¬O±N FreeBSD ¥D¾÷³s¤W Internet¡AµM«á³z - ¹L³o¥x FreeBSD ¥D¾÷¡AÅý¶] Win95 ªº¹q¸£¯à°÷¤Wºô¡C³oÓ°ÝÃDºâ¬O«e¤@ - Ó°ÝÃDªº¤@Ó¯S¨Ò</para> <para>... µª®×¬O¡G¥i¥Hªº¡I¦b FreeBSD 3.x - ª©¤¤¡A¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡(user-mode)ªº &man.ppp.8; ¥]§t¤F - <option>-nat</option> ¿ï¶µ¡C¦pªG§A¦b - <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¨Ï¥Î<option>-nat</option>¿ï¶µ¨Ã - ³]©w <literal>gateway_enable</literal> ¬° <emphasis>YES</emphasis> - ¡A¥H³oºØ³]©w±Ò°Ê &man.ppp.8; ¡A¨Ã¥B¥¿½Tªº³]©w§Aªº Windows ¥D¾÷ªº - ¸Ü¡A³oÓ°µªkÀ³¸Ó¬O¥i¥H¥¿±`¨Ï¥Îªº¡C</para> - - <para>Ãö©ó¥»¥DÃD§ó¸Ô²Óªº¸ê®Æ¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò Steve Sims ©Ò¼¶¼gªº <ulink - url="../ppp-primer/index.html"> Pedantic PPP Primer</ulink> ¤@¤å¡C - </para> - - <para>¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Îªº¬O®Ö¤ß¼Ò¦¡ (kernel-mode) PPP¡A©ÎªÌ§A¦³°Ï°ì³s½u - (Ethernet connection) ¥i³q¹F Internet ªº¸Ü¡A§A±N»Ýn¨Ï¥Î - &man.natd.8;¡C½Ð¬d¾\ FAQ ¤¤Ãö©ó <link linkend="natd">natd</link> - ªº³¡¤À¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="slip-ppp-support"> - <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© SLIP ©M PPP ¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¬Oªº¡C§A¥i¥H¬d¬d man pages ¤¤Ãö©ó &man.slattach.8;¡A - &man.sliplogin.8;¡A&man.ppp.8;¡A¥H¤Î &man.pppd.8; ªº³¡¤À¡C - &man.ppp.8; ¤Î &man.pppd.8; ´£¨Ñ¶i¥XÂù¦V³s½uªº¤ä´©¡A¥t¥~ - &man.sliplogin.8; ±Mªù´£¨Ñ¶i¤J³s½uªº¤ä´©¡A¦Ó &man.slattach.8; - ±Mªù´£¨Ñ¦V¥~³s½uªº¤ä´©¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG§A»Ýn§ó¶i¤@¨Bªº¸ê®Æªº¸Ü,½Ð¬d¾\ <ulink - url="../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html">FreeBSD ¤â¥U¤¤Ãö©ó PPP »P SLIP - ªº»¡©ú</ulink>¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG§A¥u¯à°÷¹L <quote>shell account</quote> ³s½u¨ì Internet - ªº¸Ü¡A§A¤]³\¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ <filename role="package">net/slirp</filename> - ³oÓ®M¥óµ{¦¡¡C³oÓ®M¥óµ{¦¡¥i¥H´£¨Ñ§Aªº¹q¸£ª½±µ³s¤W¬Y¨Ç(©wªº)ªA°È - ³s½u¡A¦p ftp ¤Î http µ¥µ¥¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="natd"> - <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© NAT ©Î Masquerading ¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦pªG§A¦³¤@ÓªñºÝªº¤lºô¸ô(¦³¤@¥x¥H¤Wªº¾÷¾¹)¡A¦ý¬O§Aªº - Internet provider «o¥u¤À°t¤@Ó IP number µ¹§A(©ÎªÌ§A¥u¤À°t¨ì¤@Ó - °ÊºAªº IP number)¡A§A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò &man.natd.8; ³oÓµ{¦¡¡C &man.natd.8; - Åý§A¥i¥H³z¹L³o¤@Ó IP number Åý¾ãÓ¤lºô¸ôªº¹q¸£³£¯à³s¤W internet¡C - </para> - - <para>&man.ppp.8; ³oÓµ{¦¡¤]´£¨ÑÃþ¦üªº¥\¯à¡A¦pªG§A«ü©w - <option>-nat</option> ¿ï¶µ¡Calias library (&man.libalias.3;) - ¦b³o¨âÓ³B²z¤è¦¡¤¤³£·|³Q¨Ï¥Î¨ì¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="parallel-connect"> - <para>§Ú¦p¦ó±N¨â¥x FreeBSD ¥D¾÷¥Î¥¦æ°ð (parallel line) ³z¹L PLIP - ³s½u¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤â¥U¤¤Ãö©ó <ulink url="../handbook/plip.html">PLIP - section</ulink> ªº³¡¤À¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="create-dev-net"> - <para>§Ú¨S¦³¿ìªk«Ø¥ß <filename>/dev/ed0</filename> ³oÓ device¡A - ¬°¤°»ò¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦]¬°¤£»Ýn¡I¦b Berkeley ºô¸ô¬[ºc¤¤¡A¥u¦³ kernel µ{¦¡½X¥i¥Hª½ - ±µ¦s¨úºô¸ô¬É±¥d¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <filename>/etc/rc.network</filename> ³o - ÓÀɮשM manual pages ¨ú±o»P¨ä¥L¤£¦Pºô¸ôµ{¦¡¡C§ó¶i¤@¨Bªº¸ê°T¡G¦p - ªG§Aı±o§A§¹¥þ·d²V¤Fªº¸Ü¡A±zÀ³¸Ó§ä¤@¥»»P¨ä¥L BSD ¬ÛÃö§@·~¨t²Îºô¸ô - ºÞ²z¦³Ãö®Ñ¨Ó°Ñ¦Ò¡F°£¤F¤Ö¼ÆÅãµÛªº¤£¦P¥~¡AFreeBSD ªººô¸ôºÞ²z°ò¥»¤W©M - SunOS 4.0 ©M Ultrix ¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ethernet-aliases"> - <para>§Ú¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß Ethernet aliases¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦pªG§Aªº alias ¦ì§}¸ò§A¥Ø«eºô¸ô¤¶±ªº¦ì§}¦b¦P¤@Ó¤lºô¸ô¤Uªº - ¸Ü¡A¥[¤J¤@Ó <literal>netmask 0xffffffff</literal> ¦b§Aªº - &man.ifconfig.8; command-line¡A½d¨Ò¦p¤U¡G</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig ed0 alias 192.0.2.2 netmask 0xffffffff</userinput></screen> - <para>¤£µMªº¸Ü¡A´N¦p¦P¥[¤J¤@Ó·sªººô¸ô¦ì§}¤@¼Ë¿é¤J§Aªººô¸ô¦ì§}»P¤l - ºô¸ô¾B¸n¡G</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig ed0 alias 172.16.141.5 netmask 0xffffff00</userinput></screen> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="port-3c503"> - <para>§Ú¦p¦ó«ü©w§Úªº 3C503 ¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥L¤£¦Pªºªº network port¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦pªG±z·Q¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥Lªº port¡A§A¥²¶·¦b &man.ifconfig.8; ªº©R¥O¤¤ - «ü©wÃB¥~ªº°Ñ¼Æ¡C¤º©wªº port ¬O <literal>link0</literal>¡Cn¨Ï¥Î - AUI port ¥N´À BNC port ªº¸Ü¡A§ï¥Î <literal>link2</literal>¡C³o¨Ç - flags À³¸Ó§ïÅÜifconfig_* ªºÅܼƨӫü©w¡A §A¥i¥H¦b - <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ³oÓÀɮ׸̱§ä¨ì (½Ð°Ñ¦Ò - &man.rc.conf.5;)¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="nfs"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD ªº NFS ®É¥X²{°ÝÃD¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>§Ú̥Χt»W¤@ÂIªº»¡ªk¡A¬Y¨Ç PC ªººô¸ô¥d¤ñ¨ä¥Lªº¦n¡A³oºØª¬ªp¦b - ³y¦¨ NFS ³oºØ¹ïºô¸ô±Ó·Pªºµ{¦¡¦³®É·|¥X²{°ÝÃD¡C</para> - - <para>°Ñ¦Ò <ulink url="../handbook/nfs.html"> - the Handbook entry on NFS</ulink> ¥HÀò±o³oÓ¥DÃDªº§ó¦h¸ê°T¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="nfs-linux"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à NFS-mount Linux ªº¾÷¾¹¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¬Y¨Çª©¥»ªº Linux NFS µ{¦¡½X¥u±µ¨ü privileged port ªº - mount request¡F¸Õ¥Î³o¦æ«ü¥O¬Ý¬Ý</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt</userinput></screen> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="nfs-sun"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à NFS-mount Sun ªº¾÷¾¹¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¶] SunOS 4.X ªº Sun ¤u§@¯¸¥u±µ¨ü¨Ó¦Û privileged port ªº - mount request¡F¸Õ¥Î³o¦æ«ü¥O¬Ý¬Ý</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o -P sunbox:/blah /mnt</userinput></screen> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="exports-errors"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò <command>mountd</command> ¤@ª½°¥s»¡ - <errorname>can't change attributes</errorname> ¦Ó¥B§Ú¤@ª½¬Ý¨ì - <errorname>bad exports list</errorname> ³oÓ°T®§¦b§Úªº FreeBSD NFS - ¦øªA¾¹¤W¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>³oÓ°ÝÃD³Ì±`µo¥Íªºì¦]¬O¦b©ó¤£¤F¸Ñ - <filename>/etc/exports</filename> ªº¥¿½T®æ¦¡¡C½Ð¸ÔŪ - &man.exports.5; ¥H¤Î¤â¥U¤¤Ãö©ó <ulink - url="../handbook/nfs.html">NFS</ulink> ªº³¡¤À¡A¯S§O¬O<ulink - url="../handbook/nfs.html#CONFIGURING-NFS">configuring - NFS</ulink>³o¤@¬q¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-nextstep"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b¨Ï¥Î PPP ³s½u¨ì NeXTStep ¾÷¾¹®É¦³°ÝÃD¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - - <para>§â TCP extensions ¨ú®ø¡A³oÓ³]©w¦b - <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¸Ì±(°Ñ¦Ò &man.rc.conf.5;) §â - ¥H¤U³oÓȳ]¦¨ NO¡G</para> - - <programlisting>tcp_extensions=NO</programlisting> - - <para>Xylogic ªº Annex ¥D¾÷¤]¦³¬Û¦Pªº°ÝÃD¡A±zn°µ¬Û¦Pªº×§ï¤~¯à³s - ¤W³o¨Ç¥D¾÷¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ip-multicast"> - <para>§Ún«ç¼Ë¤~¯à§â IP multicast support ¥´¶}¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FreeBSD 2.0 ¥H«áªºª©¥»¤º©w³£¦³ ¤ä´© Multicast host ¾Þ§@¡C¦pªG - ±z·Q±N±zªº¥D¾÷³]©w¦¨ multicast router ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥²¶·«·s compile ±z - ªº kernel¡A¥[¤J <literal>MROUTING</literal> ªº¿ï¶µ¡A¨Ã¥B°õ¦æ - &man.mrouted.8; FreeBSD 2.2 ¤Î¤§«áªºª©¥»·|¦b¶}¾÷®É°õ¦æ - &man.mrouted.8; ¦pªG¦b <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¤¤ - <literal>mrouted_enable</literal> ³]©w¬° <literal>"YES"</literal> - </para> - - <para>MBONE ªº¦UºØ¤u¨ã¥i¥H¦b¥LÌ ports ¤U©ÒÄÝ¥s°µ <ulink - url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/mbone.html">mbone</ulink> ¥Ø¿ý - ¤¤§ä¨ì¡C¦pªG±z¦b§äµø°T·|ijªº¤u¨ã¦p <command>vic</command> ¥H¤Î - <command>vat</command>ªº¸Ü¡A¨ì¨ºÃä§ä§ä§a¡I</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="dec-pci-chipset"> - <para>þ¨Çºô¸ô¥d¬O¨Ï¥Î DEC PCI chipset¡H</para> - </question><answer> - - <para>¥H¤U¬O Glen Foster <email>gfoster@driver.nsta.org</email> - ´£¨Ñªº²M³æ¡G</para> - - <table> - <title>Network cards based on the DEC PCI chipset</title> - - <tgroup cols="2"> - <thead> - <row> - <entry>Vendor</entry> - <entry>Model</entry> - </row> - </thead> - - <tbody> - <row> - <entry>ASUS</entry> - <entry>PCI-L101-TB</entry> - </row> - <row> - <entry>Accton</entry> - <entry>ENI1203</entry> - </row> - <row> - <entry>Cogent</entry> - <entry>EM960PCI</entry> - </row> - <row> - <entry>Compex</entry> - <entry>ENET32-PCI</entry> - </row> - <row> - <entry>D-Link</entry> - <entry>DE-530</entry> - </row> - <row> - <entry>Dayna</entry> - <entry>DP1203, DP2100</entry> - </row> - <row> - <entry>DEC</entry> - <entry>DE435, DE450</entry> - </row> - <row> - <entry>Danpex</entry> - <entry>EN-9400P3</entry> - </row> - <row> - <entry>JCIS</entry> - <entry>Condor JC1260</entry> - </row> - <row> - <entry>Linksys</entry> - <entry>EtherPCI</entry> - </row> - <row> - <entry>Mylex</entry> - <entry>LNP101</entry> - </row> - <row> - <entry>SMC</entry> - <entry>EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332)</entry> - </row> - <row> - <entry>SMC</entry> - <entry>EtherPower (Model 8432)</entry> - </row> - <row> - <entry>TopWare</entry> - <entry>TE-3500P</entry> - </row> - <row> - <entry>Znyx (2.2.x)</entry> - <entry>ZX312, ZX314, ZX342, ZX345, ZX346, ZX348</entry> - </row> - <row> - <entry>Znyx (3.x)</entry> - <entry>ZX345Q, ZX346Q, ZX348Q, ZX412Q, ZX414, ZX442, ZX444, - ZX474, ZX478, ZX212, ZX214 (10mbps/hd)</entry> - </row> - </tbody> - </tgroup> - </table> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="fqdn-hosts"> - <para>¬°¤°»òn¥Î FQDN ¤~¯à³s¨ì¨ä¥L¾÷¾¹¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>§A¤]³\·|µo²{n³sªº¾÷¾¹¨ä¹ê¬O¦b¥t¤@Óºô°ì¡CÁ|Ó¨Ò¤l¡A°²³]§A¬O¦b - foo.bar.edu ³oÓºô°ì¤¤¡A·Qn³s¨ì¦b¤@¥x¥s <hostid>mumble</hostid> - ªº¥D¾÷¡A¥L¦b <hostid role="domainname">example.org</hostid> ºô°ì¤U¡A - §A¥²¶·¥Î Fully-Qualified Domain Name <hostid - role="fqdn">mumble.example.org</hostid>¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¥u¥Î - <hostid>mumble</hostid>¡C</para> - - <para>¶Ç²Îªº BSD BIND resolver ¤¹³\¥Î³oºØ¤è¦¡¸Ñ¥X¾÷¾¹ªº¦ì§}¡A¦ý¬O - FreeBSD ¤ºªþ <application>bind</application> (see &man.named.8;) - ª©¥»¤º©w¤è¦¡¡A«h¬O°£¤F§A©Ò¦bªººô°ì¥H¥~¡A¤£¤ä´©¨ä¥L«D FQDN ªºÁY¼g¡C - ©Ò¥H¦p <hostid>mumble</hostid> ¥²¶·¦b <hostid - role="fqdn">mumble.foo.example.org</hostid>¡A§_«h´N·|±qºô°ìªº³Ì©³ - ¼h¶}©l§ä¡C</para> - - <para>³o©M¥ý«eªº°µªk¤£¦P¡A¤]´N¬O¤£¥Î - <hostid role="domainname">mumble.example.org</hostid>¡A©M - <hostid role="domainname">mumble.edu</hostid> Ä~Äò·j´M¡C - ¬Ý¤@¤U RFC 1535¡A¸Ì±¦³´£¨ì¬°¤°»ò¤§«eªº°µªk¤£¦n¡A¬Æ¦Üºâ¬OÓ¦w¥þ - º|¬}¡C</para> - - <para>³o¸Ì¦³Ó¤£¿ùªº¸Ñªk, §A¥i¥H¥[¤J¤@¦æ</para> - - <programlisting>search foo.example.org example.org</programlisting> - - <para>instead of the previous</para> - - <programlisting>domain foo.example.org</programlisting> - - <para>¦b§Aªº <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> Àɮפ¤ (½Ð°Ñ¦Ò - &man.resolv.conf.5;)¡C¦ý¬On½T©w·j´M¶¶§Ç¤£·|¹H¤Ï RFC 1535 ©Ò¿×ªº - <quote>boundary between local and public administration</quote>¡C - </para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="network-permission-denied"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b³s½u®É¤@ª½¥X²{ - <errorname>Permission denied</errorname> ªº¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para> ¦pªG¦b½sĶ kernel ®É¥[¤J <literal>IPFIREWALL</literal> ¿ï¶µ¡A - ½Ðª`·N 2.1.7R ¤º©w¬O©Úµ´©Ò¦³¥¼¸g®Ö㪺ºô¸ô«Ê¥](¦ý¦b¶}µo - 2.1-STABLE ®É§ï±¼¤F)¡C</para> - - <para>I¦pªG¤£¤p¤ß§Ë¿ù¤F firewall ªº³]©w¡A§A¥i¥H¥H - <username>root</username> °õ¦æ¥H¤U©R¥Oºô¸ô¥\¯à´N·|«ì´_¥¿±`¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any</userinput></screen> - - <para>¤]¥i¥H¦b <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¥[¤J - <literal>firewall_type="open"</literal> ªº¿ï¶µ¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG·Qª¾¹D¦p¦ó³]©w FreeBSD firewall¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ulink - url="../handbook/firewalls.html">¤â¥U¤¤¬ÛÃö³¹¸`</ulink>¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ipfw-overhead"> - <para>IPFW ·|³y¦¨¦h¤jªººô¸ô©µ¿ð¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤â¥U¤¤ <ulink - url="../handbook/firewalls.html">Firewalls</ulink> ³¹¸`¡A¯S§O¬O - <ulink url="../handbook/firewalls.html#IPFW-OVERHEAD">IPFW - Overhead & Optimization</ulink> ³o¤@¬q¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ipfw-fwd"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò§Úªº <command>ipfw</command> <quote>fwd</quote> - redirect ³W«h±NªA°ÈÂà¦V¨ä¥L¾÷¾¹®ÉµLªk¥¿±`¹B§@¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¥i¯à¬O§A°£¤FÂà°e«Ê¥]¥H¥~ÁÙÃB¥~·Q¶i¦æ¦ì§}ÂàĶ - (network address translation, NAT)¡A<quote>fwd</quote> ³W«h©Ò¶i - ¦æªº°Ê§@´N¦p¦P¦r±©Ò¥Ü¡F¶ÈÂà°e«Ê¥]¡A¥¦¨Ã¤£·|¥h×§ï«Ê¥]¤¤ªº¸ê®Æ¡C - °²³]§Ú̦³¦p¤Uªº³W«h¡G</para> - - <screen>01000 fwd <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable> from any to <replaceable>foo 21</replaceable></screen> - - <para>·í¤@Ó³q©¹¯S©w¥Ø¼Ð¦ì§} <replaceable>foo</replaceable> ªº«Ê¥] - °e¹F¥D¾÷®É¡A®Ú¾Ú³o±ø³W«h¡A«Ê¥]±N³QÂà°e¦Ü - <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable>¡A¦ý¬O¥¦ªº¥Ø¼Ð¦ì§}«o¤´µM¬O - <replaceable>foo</replaceable>¡I«Ê¥]ªº¥Ø¼Ð¦ì§}¨Ã - <emphasis>¨S¦³</emphasis> §ó§ï¬° - <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable>¡C¤j³¡¤Àªº¥D¾÷·|±N«Ê¥]¥á±ó¡A - ¦]¬°¥L̨䣬O³oӥؼЦì§}¡C¦]¦¹¡A¨Ï¥Î <quote>fwd</quote> ³W«h - ®É©¹©¹¤£¦p¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©Ò¹w´Áªº¨º¯ë¶¶§Q¡C³oºØ¦æ¬°¬O¨t²Î¯S©Ê¡A¦Ó«D¿ù»~¡C - </para> - - <para>°Ñ¦Ò <link linkend="service-redirect">Ãö©óªA°ÈÂà¦Vªº±`¨£°Ý - µª¶°</link>¡A &man.natd.8; ¤â¥U¡A©ÎªÌ¬O¨Ï¥Î <ulink - url="../../../../ports/index.html">ports collection</ulink> ¤¤³\ - ¦hªA°ÈÂà¦Vªº¤u¨ã¨Ó¥¿½Tªº§¹¦¨§A·Q¶i¦æªº¤u§@¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="service-redirect"> - <para>n¦p¦ó§â¹ï¬Y¥x¾÷¾¹ªººô¸ôªA°Èn¨D(service request)Âà¦V¨ì¥t¤@¥x¡H - </para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦b ports ¥Ø¿ýªº<quote>sysutils</quote>¤ÀÃþ¤¤¦³Ó¥s - <literal>socket</literal> ªº®M¥ó¡A¥i¥HÀ°§AÂà¦V FTP ©Î¨ä¥LÃþ¦üªº - ºô¸ôªA°È¡C¥un§â¸Óºô¸ôªA°Èªº©R¥O§ï¦¨©I¥s socket §Y¥i¡A¦p¤U©Ò¥Ü¡G - </para> - - <programlisting>ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket <replaceable>ftp.example.com</replaceable> <replaceable>ftp</replaceable></programlisting> - - <para>¨ä¤¤ <replaceable>ftp.example.com</replaceable> »P - <replaceable>ftp</replaceable> ¤À§O¬O³QÂà¨ìªº¾÷¾¹©M port ¦WºÙ¡C - </para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="bandwidth-mgr-tool"> - <para>¨º¸Ì¥i¥H§ä¨ìºÞ²zÀW¼eªº¤u¨ã¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FreeBSD ¤W¦³¤T®MÀW¼eºÞ²z¤u¨ã¡G &man.dummynet.4; ¤w¸g¾ã¦X¶i¤J - FreeBSD ¨t²Î(§ó¸Ô²Óªº¥Î³~, &man.ipfw.4;); <ulink - url="http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/kjc/programs.html">ALTQ</ulink> - ¥i¥H§K¶O¨Ï¥Î¡A<ulink - url="http://www.etinc.com/">Emerging Technologies</ulink> - ±À¥Xªº Bandwidth Manager «h¬O°Ó¥Î³nÅé¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="bpf-not-configured"> - <para>«ç»ò·|¶]¥X - <errorname>/dev/bpf0: device not configured</errorname>³oÓ°T®§¡H - </para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>§A°õ¦æ¤F¤@Ó»Ýn¬f§JµÜ«Ê¥]¹LÂo¾¹ (Berkeley Packet Filter) ªº - µ{¦¡ (&man.bpf.4;)¡A¦ý¬O§A¦b kernel ¤¤¨S¦³±Ò°Ê¥¦¡C§â¤U±³o¤@¦æ¥[ - ¤J kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤¡A½sͤ@Ó·sªº kernel¡G</para> - - <programlisting>pseudo-device bpf # Berkeley Packet Filter</programlisting> - - <para>¦b«·s¶}¾÷¤§«á¡AÁÙn°µ¥X device node¡A¦b - <filename>/dev</filename> ¤U°õ¦æ¡G</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV bpf0</userinput></screen> - - <para>¦pªG·Qn§ó¶i¤@¨Bª¾¹D¦p¦ó°µ¥X¦UºØ device node¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ulink - url="../handbook/kernelconfig-nodes.html">Handbook Ãö©ó¶gÃä¸`ÂIªº»¡©ú</ulink> - ¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="mount-smb-share"> - <para>§Ún«ç¼Ë¤~¯à±N Windows ¾÷¾¹¤¤ªººÏºÐ±¾¤J¨t²Î, ´N¹³ Linux ´£¨Ñ - ªº smbmount ¨º¼Ë¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¨Ï¥Î <application>SMBFS</application> ¤u¨ã²Õ¡C³o®M¤u¨ã²Õ¤¤ - 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¬q¸¨¤¤¦³§ó¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - </qandaset> - </chapter> - - <chapter id="security"> - <chapterinfo> - <author> - <firstname>Biing Jong</firstname> - <surname>Lin</surname> - <affiliation> - <address><email>bjlin@stic.gov.tw</email></address> - </affiliation> - </author> - </chapterinfo> - - <title>¨t²Î¦w¥þ½g</title> - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question id="sandbox"> - <para>¤°»ò¬O sandbox¡H</para> - </question><answer> - - <para><quote>Sandbox</quote> ¬O¨t²Î¦w¥þ¥Îªº³N»y¡A¦³¨âÓ·N¸q¡G</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - - <para>©ñ¦b¬Y¨ÇµêÀÀ¨¾Å@Àð¸Ìªº°õ¦æµ{§Ç¡A³o¨Ç¨¾Å@Àð¬O¥Î¨Óªý¤î - ¬Y¨Ç¤H«I¤J³o¹Dµ{§Ç¡A¶i¦Ó¥X¤J©ó§ó¤jªº¨t²Î¤¤¡C</para> - - <para>³o¹Dµ{§Ç¥i¥H§¹¥þ¦b¨¾Å@Àð¸Ì <quote>°Ê§@</quote>¡C¤]´N - ¬O»¡¡A¥¦©Ò°õ¦æªº¥ô¦óµ{¦¡¤£¥i¯à·|º¯³z¨ìÀ𪺥~±¡C©Ò¥H¦pªG - ±z¹ï¥¦¦³¦w¥þ¤WªºÅU¼{¡A¨Ã¤£»Ýn¯S§O¥hºÊÅ¥¥¦ªº¤@Á|¤@°Ê¡A¤Ï - ¥¿¥¦¥u¯à¦bÀ𤺬¡°Ê¡C</para> - - <para>Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¥i¥H¥Î userid ¨Ó°µ³o¹D¨¾Å@Àð¡A³o¥¿¬O security - ©M named »¡©ú¤å¥ó¤¤ªº©w¸q¡C</para> - - <para>²{¦b´N¥Î <literal>ntalk</literal> ³oÓªA°È§@»¡©ú¡]¨£ - 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<para>BIND (<command>named</command>) °£¤F¦b³q°T°ð 53 ¥H¥~¤]¦b - ¨ä¥L°ª½s¸¹³q°T°ð (high-numbered port) ²âÅ¥ (Listen)¡C - ³o¬O«ç»ò¦^¨Æ¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FreeBSD 3.0 «áªºª©¥»¨Ï¥Î¤@Ó¯S®íªº BIND ª©¥»¡A³oÓª©¥»·|¨Ï - ¥ÎÀH¾÷ªº°ª½s¸¹³q°T°ð¨Ó¦^À³¥~³¡ªº¬d¸ß¡C¦pªG§A¦]¬°n¾A¦X¨¾¤õÀ𪺠- ³]©w©Î¬O³æ¯Âªº·QÅý¦Û¤v¬Ý¨ÓµÎªA¤@ÂI¦Ó·Q¥Î 53 ³q°T°ð¦^À³¥~³¡¬d¸ß¡A - ¨º»ò§A¥i¥H¹Á¸Õ§ó§ï¥H¤UÀɮ׬ÛÃö¤º®e - <filename>/etc/namedb/named.conf</filename>¡G</para> - - <programlisting>options { - query-source address * port 53; -};</programlisting> - - <para>§A¤]¥i¥H±N <literal>*</literal> §ó§ï¬°¯S©w IP address¡A - ÂÇ¥H¥[±j±±¨î±ø¥ó¡C</para> - - <para>¶¶«K®¥³ß§A¡C¯à°÷Ū¨ú§A¨t²Î¤Wªº &man.sockstat.1; ³ø§i¨Ã¥Bª`·N - ¤£¥¿±`ª¬ªp¬O¤@¥ó¦n¨Æ¡I</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="sendmail-port-587"> - <para>Sendmail °£¤F¦b¼Ð·Çªº³q°T°ð 25 ¥~¤]¦b³q°T°ð 587 ²âÅ¥¡I³o¬O«ç - »ò¦^¨Æ¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¸û·sª©¥»ªº Sendmail ¤ä´© mail submission ³o¶µ¥\¯à¡A¨Ã¥B¨Ï - ¥Î³q°T°ð 587¡C³o¶µ¥\¯àÁÙ¨S¦³³Q¼sªx¤ä´©¦ý¬O¤ä´©ªº¼Æ¥Ø¥¿¦b¼Wªø - 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¸ü¤JþÓ shell)¡C</para> - - <para>¦³¨Ç¤H¨Ï¥Î <username>toor</username> ±b¸¹¶i¦æ¨C¤éªº - <username>root</username> ºûÅ@¤u§@¡A¦p¦¹¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î«D¼Ð·Çªº - shell¡A¦Ó <username>root</username> ¥i¥H«O¯d¼Ð·Ç shell¡A - ¥H¦]À³³æ¤@¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡ (single user mode) ©Îºò«æª¬ªp³B²z¡C - ¨Ì·Ó¨t²Î¤º©wÈ¡A§A±NµLªk¨Ï¥Î <username>toor</username> µn¤J¡A - ¦]¬°³oÓ±b¸¹©|¥¼§ó§ï±K½X³]©w¡C¦]¦¹§A¦pªG§A·Q±Ò°Ê³oÓ±b¸¹¡A§A»Ýn - ¨Ï¥Î <username>root</username> µn¤J¨t²Î¨Ã¥B×§ï - <username>toor</username> ªº±K½X¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="suidperl"> - <para>¬°¤°»ò <command>suidperl</command> µLªk¥¿±`¹B§@¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦]¬°¬Y¨Ç¦w¥þªº¦Ò¡A<command>suidperl</command> ¤º©wªº¦w¸Ë - ¨Ã¨S¦³³]©w suid bit¡C¨t²ÎºÞ²zªÌ¥i¥H¨Ì·Ó¥H¤U©R¥O±Ò°Ê suid ³]©w¡C - </para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod u+s /usr/bin/suidperl</userinput></screen> - - <para>¦pªG§A·Qn¦b¥Ñ source ¤É¯Å®É <command>suidperl</command> ¤º©w - ±Ò°Ê suid ¥\¯àªº¸Ü¡A½s¿è <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ¥[¤J - <varname>ENABLE_SUIDPERL=true</varname> µM«á°õ¦æ - <command>make buildworld</command>¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - </qandaset> - </chapter> - - <chapter id="ppp"> - <title>PPP</title> - - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question id="userppp"> - <para>I cannot make &man.ppp.8; work. What am I doing wrong?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>You should first read the - &man.ppp.8; - man page and the <ulink - url="../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#USERPPP"> - PPP section of the handbook</ulink>. Enable logging with - the command</para> - - <programlisting>set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command</programlisting> - - <para>This command may be typed at the - &man.ppp.8; command prompt or it may be - entered in the <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> - configuration file (the start of the - <literal>default</literal> section is the best - place to put it). Make sure that - <filename>/etc/syslog.conf</filename> (see &man.syslog.conf.5;) contains the lines</para> - - <programlisting>!ppp -*.* /var/log/ppp.log</programlisting> - - <para>and that the file <filename>/var/log/ppp.log</filename> - exists. You can now find out a lot about what is going on - from the log file. Do not worry if it does not all make sense. - If you need to get help from someone, it may make sense to - them.</para> - - <para>If your version of &man.ppp.8; does not understand the - <command>set log</command> command, you should download the - <ulink url="http://people.FreeBSD.org/~brian/"> - latest version</ulink>. It will build on FreeBSD version - 2.1.5 and higher.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-hangs"> - <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; hang when I run it?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>This is usually because your hostname will not resolve. - The best way to fix this is to make sure that - <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> is consulted by your - resolver first by editing <filename>/etc/host.conf</filename> - and putting the <literal>hosts</literal> line first. Then, - simply put an entry in <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> for - your local machine. If you have no local network, change your - <hostid>localhost</hostid> line:</para> - - <programlisting>127.0.0.1 foo.bar.com foo localhost</programlisting> - - <para>Otherwise, simply add another entry for your host. - Consult the relevant man pages for more details.</para> - - <para>You should be able to successfully - <command>ping -c1 `hostname`</command> when you are done.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-nodial-auto"> - <para>Why will &man.ppp.8; not dial in <literal>-auto</literal> - mode?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>First, check that you have got a default route. By running - <command>netstat -rn</command> (see &man.netstat.1;), you should see two entries like this:</para> - - <programlisting>Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire -default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0 -10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1 UH 0 0 tun0</programlisting> - - <para>This is assuming that you have used the addresses from the - handbook, the man page or from the ppp.conf.sample file. - If you do not have a default route, it may be because you are - running an old version of &man.ppp.8; - that does not understand the word <literal>HISADDR</literal> - in the ppp.conf file. If your version of - &man.ppp.8; is from before FreeBSD - 2.2.5, change the</para> - - <programlisting>add 0 0 HISADDR</programlisting> - - <para>line to one saying</para> - - - <programlisting>add 0 0 10.0.0.2</programlisting> - - <para>Another reason for the default route line being missing - is that you have mistakenly set up a default router in your - <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> (see &man.rc.conf.5;) file (this file was called - <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename> prior to release 2.2.2), - and you have omitted the line saying</para> - - <programlisting>delete ALL</programlisting> - - <para>from <filename>ppp.conf</filename>. If this is the case, - go back to the <ulink - url="../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#USERPPP-FINAL"> - Final system configuration</ulink> section of the - handbook.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="no-route-to-host"> - <para>What does <errorname>No route to host</errorname> mean?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>This error is usually due to a missing</para> - - <programlisting>MYADDR: - delete ALL - add 0 0 HISADDR</programlisting> - - <para>section in your <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename> - file. This is only necessary if you have a dynamic IP address - or do not know the address of your gateway. If you are using - interactive mode, you can type the following after entering - <literal>packet mode</literal> (packet mode is - indicated by the capitalized <acronym>PPP</acronym> in the - prompt):</para> - - <programlisting>delete ALL -add 0 0 HISADDR</programlisting> - - <para>Refer to the <ulink - url="../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#USERPPP-DYNAMICIP"> - PPP and Dynamic IP addresses</ulink> section of the handbook - for further details.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="connection-threeminutedrop"> - <para>Why does my connection drop after about 3 minutes?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>The default PPP timeout is 3 minutes. This can be - adjusted with the line</para> - - <programlisting>set timeout <replaceable>NNN</replaceable></programlisting> - - <para>where <replaceable>NNN</replaceable> is the number of - seconds of inactivity before the connection is closed. If - <replaceable>NNN</replaceable> is zero, the connection is never - closed due to a timeout. It is possible to put this command in - the <filename>ppp.conf</filename> file, or to type it at the - prompt in interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on - the fly while the line is active by connecting to - <application>ppp</application>s server socket using - &man.telnet.1; or &man.pppctl.8;. - Refer to the - &man.ppp.8; man - page for further details.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-drop-heavy-load"> - <para>Why does my connection drop under heavy load?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>If you have Link Quality Reporting (LQR) configured, - it is possible that too many LQR packets are lost between - your machine and the peer. Ppp deduces that the line must - therefore be bad, and disconnects. Prior to FreeBSD version - 2.2.5, LQR was enabled by default. It is now disabled by - default. LQR can be disabled with the line</para> - - <programlisting>disable lqr</programlisting> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-drop-random"> - <para>Why does my connection drop after a random amount of - time?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Sometimes, on a noisy phone line or even on a line with - call waiting enabled, your modem may hang up because it - thinks (incorrectly) that it lost carrier.</para> - - <para>There is a setting on most modems for determining how - tolerant it should be to temporary losses of carrier. On a - USR Sportster for example, this is measured by the S10 - register in tenths of a second. To make your modem more - forgiving, you could add the following send-expect sequence - to your dial string:</para> - - <programlisting>set dial "...... ATS10=10 OK ......"</programlisting> - - <para>Refer to your modem manual for details.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-hangs-random"> - <para>Why does my connection hang after a random amount of - time?</para> - </question><answer> - - <para>Many people experience hung connections with no apparent - explanation. The first thing to establish is which side of - the link is hung.</para> - - <para>If you are using an external modem, you can simply try - using &man.ping.8; to see if the - <acronym>TD</acronym> light is flashing when you transmit data. - If it flashes (and the <acronym>RD</acronym> light does not), - the problem is with the remote end. If <acronym>TD</acronym> - does not flash, the problem is local. With an internal modem, - you will need to use the <literal>set server</literal> command in - your <filename>ppp.conf</filename> file. When the hang occurs, - connect to &man.ppp.8; using &man.pppctl.8;. If your network connection - suddenly revives (PPP was revived due to the activity on the - diagnostic socket) or if you cannot connect (assuming the - <literal>set socket</literal> command succeeded at startup - time), the problem is local. If you can connect and things are - still hung, enable local async logging with <literal>set log - local async</literal> and use &man.ping.8; from - another window or terminal to make use of the link. The async - logging will show you the data being transmitted and received - on the link. If data is going out and not coming back, the - problem is remote.</para> - - <para>Having established whether the problem is local or remote, - you now have two possibilities:</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-remote-not-responding"> - <para>The remote end is not responding. What can I do?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>There is very little you can do about this. Most ISPs - will refuse to help if you are not running a Microsoft OS. - You can <literal>enable lqr</literal> in your - <filename>ppp.conf</filename> file, allowing &man.ppp.8; to detect - the remote failure and hang up, but this detection is - relatively slow and therefore not that useful. You may want to - avoid telling your ISP that you are running user-PPP...</para> - - <para>First, try disabling all local compression by adding the - following to your configuration:</para> - - <programlisting>disable pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj -deny pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj</programlisting> - - <para>Then reconnect to ensure that this makes no difference. - If things improve or if the problem is solved completely, - determine which setting makes the difference through trial - and error. This will provide good ammunition when you contact - your ISP (although it may make it apparent that you are not - running a Microsoft product).</para> - - <para>Before contacting your ISP, enable async logging locally - and wait until the connection hangs again. This may use up - quite a bit of disk space. The last data read from the port - may be of interest. It is usually ascii data, and may even - describe the problem - (<quote>Memory fault, core dumped</quote>?).</para> - - <para>If your ISP is helpful, they should be able to enable - logging on their end, then when the next link drop occurs, - they may be able to tell you why their side is having a - problem. Feel free to send the details to &a.brian;, or - even to ask your ISP to contact me directly.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-hung"> - <para>&man.ppp.8; has hung. What can I do?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Your best bet here is to rebuild &man.ppp.8; by adding - <literal>CFLAGS+=-g</literal> and <literal>STRIP=</literal> - to the end of the Makefile, then doing a - <command>make clean && make && make - install</command>. When &man.ppp.8; hangs, find the &man.ppp.8; process id - with <command>ps ajxww | fgrep ppp</command> and run - <command>gdb ppp <replaceable>PID</replaceable></command>. - From the gdb prompt, you can then use <command>bt</command> - to get a stack trace.</para> - - <para>Send the results to <email>brian@Awfulhak.org</email>.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-loginok-thennothing"> - <para>Why does nothing happen after the <quote>Login OK!</quote> - message?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, once the link was - established, &man.ppp.8; - would wait for the peer to initiate the Line Control Protocol - (LCP). Many ISPs will not initiate negotiations and expect - the client to do so. To force - &man.ppp.8; to initiate the LCP, use the - following line:</para> - - <programlisting>set openmode active</programlisting> - - <note> - <para>It usually does no - harm if both sides initiate negotiation, so openmode is now - active by default. However, the next section explains when - it <emphasis>does</emphasis> do some harm.</para> - </note> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-same-magic"> - <para>I keep seeing errors about magic being the same. What does - it mean?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Occasionally, just after connecting, you may see messages - in the log that say <quote>magic is the same</quote>. - Sometimes, these messages are harmless, and sometimes one side - or the other exits. Most PPP implementations cannot survive - this problem, and even if the link seems to come up, you will see - repeated configure requests and configure acknowledgments in - the log file until &man.ppp.8; eventually gives up and closes the - connection.</para> - - <para>This normally happens on server machines with slow disks - that are spawning a getty on the port, and executing &man.ppp.8; from - a login script or program after login. I have also heard reports - of it happening consistently when using slirp. The reason is - that in the time taken between &man.getty.8; exiting and &man.ppp.8; starting, - the client-side &man.ppp.8; starts sending Line Control Protocol (LCP) - packets. Because ECHO is still switched on for the port on - the server, the client &man.ppp.8; sees these packets - <quote>reflect</quote> back.</para> - - <para>One part of the LCP negotiation is to establish a magic - number for each side of the link so that - <quote>reflections</quote> can be detected. The protocol says - that when the peer tries to negotiate the same magic number, a - NAK should be sent and a new magic number should be chosen. - During the period that the server port has ECHO turned on, the - client &man.ppp.8; sends LCP packets, sees the same magic in the - reflected packet and NAKs it. It also sees the NAK reflect - (which also means &man.ppp.8; must change its magic). This produces a - potentially enormous number of magic number changes, all of - which are happily piling into the server's tty buffer. As soon - as &man.ppp.8; starts on the server, it is flooded with magic number - changes and almost immediately decides it has tried enough to - negotiate LCP and gives up. Meanwhile, the client, who no - longer sees the reflections, becomes happy just in time to see - a hangup from the server.</para> - - <para>This can be avoided by allowing the peer to start - negotiating with the following line in your ppp.conf - file:</para> - - <programlisting>set openmode passive</programlisting> - - <para>This tells &man.ppp.8; to wait for the server to initiate LCP - negotiations. Some servers however may never initiate - negotiations. If this is the case, you can do something - like:</para> - - <programlisting>set openmode active 3</programlisting> - - <para>This tells &man.ppp.8; to be passive for 3 seconds, and then to - start sending LCP requests. If the peer starts sending - requests during this period, &man.ppp.8; will immediately respond - rather than waiting for the full 3 second period.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-lcp-constant"> - <para>LCP negotiations continue until the connection is - closed. What is wrong?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>There is currently an implementation mis-feature in - &man.ppp.8; where it does not associate - LCP, CCP & IPCP responses with their original requests. As - a result, if one PPP - implementation is more than 6 seconds slower than the other - side, the other side will send two additional LCP configuration - requests. This is fatal.</para> - - <para>Consider two implementations, - <hostid>A</hostid> and - <hostid>B</hostid>. <hostid>A</hostid> starts - sending LCP requests immediately after connecting and - <hostid>B</hostid> takes 7 seconds to start. When - <hostid>B</hostid> starts, <hostid>A</hostid> - has sent 3 LCP REQs. We are assuming the line has ECHO switched - off, otherwise we would see magic number problems as described in - the previous section. <hostid>B</hostid> sends a - REQ, then an ACK to the first of - <hostid>A</hostid>'s REQs. This results in - <hostid>A</hostid> entering the <acronym>OPENED</acronym> - state and sending and ACK (the first) back to - <hostid>B</hostid>. In the meantime, - <hostid>B</hostid> sends back two more ACKs in response to - the two additional REQs sent by <hostid>A</hostid> - before <hostid>B</hostid> started up. - <hostid>B</hostid> then receives the first ACK from - <hostid>A</hostid> and enters the - <acronym>OPENED</acronym> state. - <hostid>A</hostid> receives the second ACK from - <hostid>B</hostid> and goes back to the - <acronym>REQ-SENT</acronym> state, sending another (forth) REQ - as per the RFC. It then receives the third ACK and enters the - <acronym>OPENED</acronym> state. In the meantime, - <hostid>B</hostid> receives the forth REQ from - <hostid>A</hostid>, resulting in it reverting to the - <acronym>ACK-SENT</acronym> state and sending - another (second) REQ and (forth) ACK as per the RFC. - <hostid>A</hostid> gets the REQ, goes into - <acronym>REQ-SENT</acronym> and sends another REQ. It - immediately receives the following ACK and enters - <acronym>OPENED</acronym>.</para> - - <para>This goes on until one side figures out that they are - getting nowhere and gives up.</para> - - <para>The best way to avoid this is to configure one side to be - <literal>passive</literal> - that is, make one side - wait for the other to start negotiating. This can be done - with the</para> - - <programlisting>set openmode passive</programlisting> - - <para>command. Care should be taken with this option. You - should also use the</para> - - <programlisting>set stopped N</programlisting> - - <para>command to limit the amount of time that - &man.ppp.8; waits for the peer to begin - negotiations. Alternatively, the</para> - - <programlisting>set openmode active N</programlisting> - - <para>command (where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the - number of seconds to wait before starting negotiations) can be - used. Check the manual page for details.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-lockups"> - <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; lock up shortly after connection?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Prior to version 2.2.5 of FreeBSD, it was possible that - your link was disabled shortly after connection due to - &man.ppp.8; mis-handling Predictor1 - compression negotiation. This would only happen if both sides - tried to negotiate different Compression Control Protocols - (CCP). This problem is now corrected, but if you are still - running an old version of &man.ppp.8; - the problem can be circumvented with the line</para> - - <programlisting>disable pred1</programlisting> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-shell-test-lockup"> - <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; lock up when I shell out to test it?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>When you execute the <command>shell</command> or - <command>!</command> command, &man.ppp.8; executes a - shell (or if you have passed any arguments, - &man.ppp.8; will execute those arguments). Ppp will - wait for the command to complete before continuing. If you - attempt to use the PPP link while running the command, the link - will appear to have frozen. This is because - &man.ppp.8; is waiting for the command to - complete.</para> - - <para>If you wish to execute commands like this, use the - <command>!bg</command> command instead. This will execute - the given command in the background, and &man.ppp.8; can continue to - service the link.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-nullmodem"> - <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; over a null-modem cable never exit?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>There is no way for &man.ppp.8; to - automatically determine that a direct connection has been - dropped. This is due to the lines that are used in a - null-modem serial cable. When using this sort of connection, - LQR should always be enabled with the line</para> - - <programlisting>enable lqr</programlisting> - - <para>LQR is accepted by default if negotiated by the peer.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-auto-noreasondial"> - <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; dial for no reason in -auto mode?</para> - </question><answer> - - <para>If &man.ppp.8; is dialing - unexpectedly, you must determine the cause, and set up Dial - filters (dfilters) to prevent such dialing.</para> - - <para>To determine the cause, use the following line:</para> - - <programlisting>set log +tcp/ip</programlisting> - - <para>This will log all traffic through the connection. The - next time the line comes up unexpectedly, you will see the - reason logged with a convenient timestamp next to it.</para> - - <para>You can now disable dialing under these circumstances. - Usually, this sort of problem arises due to DNS lookups. To - prevent DNS lookups from establishing a connection (this will - <emphasis>not</emphasis> prevent - &man.ppp.8; from passing the packets - through an established connection), use the following:</para> - - <programlisting>set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53 -set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53 -set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0</programlisting> - - <para>This is not always suitable, as it will effectively break - your demand-dial capabilities - most programs will need a DNS - lookup before doing any other network related things.</para> - - <para>In the DNS case, you should try to determine what is - actually trying to resolve a host name. A lot of the time, - &man.sendmail.8; is the culprit. You should make sure that - you tell sendmail not to do any DNS lookups in its - configuration file. See the section on - <link linkend="ispmail">Mail Configuration</link> for details - on how to create your own configuration file and what should - go into it. You may also want to add the following line to - your <filename>.mc</filename> file:</para> - - <programlisting>define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl</programlisting> - - <para>This will make sendmail queue everything until the queue - is run (usually, sendmail is invoked with - <option>-bd -q30m</option>, telling it to run the queue every - 30 minutes) or until a <command>sendmail -q</command> is done - (perhaps from your ppp.linkup file).</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ccp-errors"> - <para>What do these CCP errors mean?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>I keep seeing the following errors in my log file:</para> - - <programlisting>CCP: CcpSendConfigReq -CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6)</programlisting> - - <para>This is because &man.ppp.8; is trying to negotiate Predictor1 - compression, and the peer does not want to negotiate any - compression at all. The messages are harmless, but if you - wish to remove them, you can disable Predictor1 compression - locally too:</para> - - <programlisting>disable pred1</programlisting> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-lockup-ioerrors"> - <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; lock up during file transfers with IO - errors?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Under FreeBSD 2.2.2 and before, there was a bug in the - tun driver that prevents incoming packets of a size larger - than the tun interface's MTU size. Receipt of a packet - greater than the MTU size results in an IO error being logged - via syslogd.</para> - - <para>The PPP specification says that an MRU of 1500 should - <emphasis>always</emphasis> be accepted as a minimum, - despite any LCP negotiations, therefore it is possible that - should you decrease the MTU to less than 1500, your ISP will - transmit packets of 1500 regardless, and you will tickle this - non-feature - locking up your link.</para> - - <para>The problem can be circumvented by never setting an MTU of - less than 1500 under FreeBSD 2.2.2 or before.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-connectionspeed"> - <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; not log my connection speed?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - - <para>In order to log all lines of your modem - <quote>conversation</quote>, you must enable the - following:</para> - - <programlisting>set log +connect</programlisting> - - <para>This will make &man.ppp.8; log - everything up until the last requested <quote>expect</quote> - string.</para> - - <para>If you wish to see your connect speed and are using PAP - or CHAP (and therefore do not have anything to - <quote>chat</quote> after the CONNECT in the dial script - no - <literal>set login</literal> script), you must make sure that - you instruct &man.ppp.8; to <quote>expect</quote> the whole CONNECT - line, something like this:</para> - - <programlisting>set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \ - \"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n"</programlisting> - - <para>Here, we get our CONNECT, send nothing, then expect a - line-feed, forcing &man.ppp.8; to read - the whole CONNECT response.</para> - - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-ignores-backslash"> - <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; ignore the <literal>\</literal> character - in my chat script?</para> - </question><answer> - - <para>Ppp parses each line in your config files so that it can - interpret strings such as - <literal>set phone "123 456 789"</literal> correctly (and - realize that the number is actually only - <emphasis>one</emphasis> argument. In order to specify a - <literal>"</literal> character, you must escape it - using a backslash (<literal>\</literal>).</para> - - <para>When the chat interpreter parses each argument, it - re-interprets the argument in order to find any special - escape sequences such as <literal>\P</literal> or - <literal>\T</literal> (see the man page). As a result of this - double-parsing, you must remember to use the correct number of - escapes.</para> - - <para>If you wish to actually send a <literal>\</literal> - character to (say) your modem, you would need something - like:</para> - - <programlisting>set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK"</programlisting> - - <para>resulting in the following sequence:</para> - - <programlisting>ATZ -OK -AT\X -OK</programlisting> - - <para>or</para> - - <programlisting>set phone 1234567 -set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T"</programlisting> - - <para>resulting in the following sequence:</para> - - <programlisting>ATZ -OK -ATDT1234567</programlisting> - - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-segfault-nocore"> - <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; get a seg-fault, but I see no - <filename>ppp.core</filename> file?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Ppp (or any other program for that matter) should never - dump core. Because &man.ppp.8; runs with an effective user id of 0, - the operating system will not write &man.ppp.8;'s core image to disk - before terminating it. If, however &man.ppp.8; - is actually terminating due to a - segmentation violation or some other signal that normally - causes core to be dumped, <emphasis>and</emphasis> - you are sure you are using the latest version (see the start of - this section), then you should do the following:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>tar xfz ppp-*.src.tar.gz</userinput> -&prompt.user; <userinput>cd ppp*/ppp</userinput> -&prompt.user; <userinput>echo STRIP= >>Makefile</userinput> -&prompt.user; <userinput>echo CFLAGS+=-g >>Makefile</userinput> -&prompt.user; <userinput>make clean all</userinput> -&prompt.user; <userinput>su</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 555 /usr/sbin/ppp</userinput></screen> - - <para>You will now have a debuggable version of &man.ppp.8; installed. - You will have to be <username>root</username> to run &man.ppp.8; as all of its privileges - have been revoked. When you start &man.ppp.8;, take a careful note - of what your current directory was at the time.</para> - - <para>Now, if and when &man.ppp.8; receives the segmentation violation, - it will dump a core file called <filename>ppp.core</filename>. You should then do - the following:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>su</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>gdb /usr/sbin/ppp ppp.core</userinput> -<prompt>(gdb)</prompt> <userinput>bt</userinput> -..... -<prompt>(gdb)</prompt> <userinput>f 0</userinput> -.... -<prompt>(gdb)</prompt> <userinput>i args</userinput> -.... -<prompt>(gdb)</prompt> <userinput>l</userinput> -.....</screen> - - <para>All of this information should be given alongside your - question, making it possible to diagnose the problem.</para> - - <para>If you are familiar with gdb, you may wish to find out some - other bits and pieces such as what actually caused the dump and - the addresses & values of the relevant variables.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-autodialprocess-noconnect"> - <para>Why does the process that forces a dial in auto mode never - connect?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>This was a known problem with - &man.ppp.8; set up to negotiate a - dynamic local IP number with the peer in auto mode. It is - fixed in the latest version - search the man page for - <literal>iface</literal>.</para> - - <para>The problem was that when that initial program calls - &man.connect.2;, the IP number of the tun interface is assigned - to the socket endpoint. The kernel creates the first outgoing - packet and writes it to the tun device. - &man.ppp.8; then reads the packet and - establishes a connection. If, as a result of - &man.ppp.8;'s dynamic IP assignment, the - interface address is changed, the original socket endpoint will - be invalid. Any subsequent packets sent to the peer will - usually be dropped. Even if they are not, any responses will - not route back to the originating machine as the IP number is - no longer owned by that machine.</para> - - <para>There are several theoretical ways to approach this - problem. It would be nicest if the peer would re-assign the - same IP number if possible <literal>:-)</literal> - The current version of &man.ppp.8; does - this, but most other implementations do not.</para> - - <para>The easiest method from our side would be to never change - the tun interface IP number, but instead to change all outgoing - packets so that the source IP number is changed from the - interface IP to the negotiated IP on the fly. This is - essentially what the <literal>iface-alias</literal> option in - the latest version of &man.ppp.8; is - doing (with the help of - &man.libalias.3; and &man.ppp.8;'s <option>-nat</option> switch) - - it is maintaining all previous interface addresses and NATing - them to the last negotiated address.</para> - - <para>Another alternative (and probably the most reliable) would - be to implement a system call that changes all bound sockets - from one IP to another. &man.ppp.8; would - use this call to modify the sockets of all existing programs - when a new IP number is negotiated. The same system call could - be used by dhcp clients when they are forced to re-bind() their - sockets.</para> - - <para>Yet another possibility is to allow an interface to be - brought up without an IP number. Outgoing packets would be - given an IP number of 255.255.255.255 up until the first - SIOCAIFADDR ioctl is done. This would result in fully binding - the socket. It would be up to &man.ppp.8; - to change the source IP number, but only if it is set to - 255.255.255.255, and only the IP number and IP checksum would - need to change. This, however is a bit of a hack as the kernel - would be sending bad packets to an improperly configured - interface, on the assumption that some other mechanism is - capable of fixing things retrospectively.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ppp-nat-games"> - <para>Why do most games not work with the -nat switch?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>The reason games and the like do not work when libalias - is in use is that the machine on the outside will try to open a - connection or send (unsolicited) UDP packets to the machine on - the inside. The NAT software does not know that it should send - these packets to the interior machine.</para> - - <para>To make things work, make sure that the only thing - running is the software that you are having problems with, then - either run tcpdump on the tun interface of the gateway or - enable &man.ppp.8; tcp/ip logging (<literal>set log +tcp/ip</literal>) - on the gateway.</para> - - <para>When you start the offending software, you should see - packets passing through the gateway machine. When something - comes back from the outside, it will be dropped (that is the - problem). Note the port number of these packets then shut down - the offending software. Do this a few times to see if the port - numbers are consistent. If they are, then the following line in - the relevant section of <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> will make the - software functional:</para> - - <programlisting>nat port <replaceable>proto</replaceable> <replaceable>internalmachine</replaceable>:<replaceable>port</replaceable> <replaceable>port</replaceable></programlisting> - - <para>where <replaceable>proto</replaceable> is either - <literal>tcp</literal> or <literal>udp</literal>, - <replaceable>internalmachine</replaceable> is the machine that - you want the packets to be sent to and - <replaceable>port</replaceable> is the destination port number - of the packets.</para> - - <para>You will not be able to use the software on other machines - without changing the above command, and running the software - on two internal machines at the same time is out of the question - - after all, the outside world is seeing your entire internal - network as being just a single machine.</para> - - <para>If the port numbers are not consistent, there are three - more options:</para> - - <orderedlist> - <listitem> - <para>Submit support in - libalias. Examples of <quote>special cases</quote> can be found - in <filename>/usr/src/lib/libalias/alias_*.c</filename> - (<filename>alias_ftp.c</filename> is a good prototype). This - usually involves reading certain recognised outgoing packets, - identifying the instruction that tells the outside machine to - initiate a connection back to the internal machine on a - specific (random) port and setting up a <quote>route</quote> in - the alias table so that the subsequent packets know where to - go.</para> - - <para>This is the most difficult solution, but it is the best - and will make the software work with multiple machines.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Use a proxy. The - application may support socks5 for example, or (as in the - <quote>cvsup</quote> case) may have a <quote>passive</quote> - option that avoids ever requesting that the peer open - connections back to the local machine.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Redirect everything to - the internal machine using <literal>nat addr</literal>. This - is the sledge-hammer approach.</para> - </listitem> - </orderedlist> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="useful-port-numbers"> - <para>Has anybody made a list of useful port numbers?</para> - </question><answer> - - <para>Not yet, but this is intended to grow into such a list - (if any interest is shown). In each example, - <replaceable>internal</replaceable> should be replaced with - the IP number of the machine playing the game.</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para><application>Asheron's Call</application></para> - - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable> - :65000 65000</literal></para> - - <para>Manually change the port number within the game to - 65000. If you have got a number of machines that you wish - to play on assign a unique port number for each (i.e. - 65001, 65002, etc) and add a <literal>nat port</literal> - line for each one.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><application>Half Life</application></para> - - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:27005 - 27015</literal></para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><application>PCAnywhere 8.0</application></para> - - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:5632 - 5632</literal></para> - - <para><literal>nat port tcp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:5631 - 5631</literal></para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><application>Quake</application></para> - - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:6112 - 6112</literal></para> - - <para>Alternatively, you may want to take a look at <ulink - url="http://www.battle.net/support/proxy/"> - www.battle.net</ulink> for Quake proxy support.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><application>Quake 2</application></para> - - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:27901 - 27910</literal></para> - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:60021 - 60021</literal></para> - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:60040 - 60040</literal></para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><application>Red Alert</application></para> - - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:8675 - 8675</literal></para> - - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:5009 - 5009</literal></para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="fcs-errors"> - <para>What are FCS errors?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FCS stands for <literal>F</literal>rame - <literal>C</literal>heck - <literal>S</literal>equence. Each PPP packet - has a checksum attached to ensure that the data being - received is the data being sent. If the FCS of an incoming - packet is incorrect, the packet is dropped and the HDLC FCS - count is increased. The HDLC error values can be displayed - using the <literal>show hdlc</literal> command.</para> - - <para>If your link is bad (or if your serial driver is dropping - packets), you will see the occasional FCS error. This is not - usually worth worrying about although it does slow down the - compression protocols substantially. If you have an external - modem, make sure your cable is properly shielded from - interference - this may eradicate the problem.</para> - - <para>If your link freezes as soon as you have connected and you - see a large number of FCS errors, this may be because your link - is not 8 bit clean. Make sure your modem is not using software - flow control (XON/XOFF). If your datalink - <emphasis>must</emphasis> use software flow control, use the - command <literal>set accmap 0x000a0000</literal> to tell - &man.ppp.8; to escape the <literal>^Q</literal> and - <literal>^S</literal> characters.</para> - - <para>Another reason for seeing too many FCS errors may be that - the remote end has stopped talking <acronym>PPP</acronym>. You - may want to enable <literal>async</literal> logging at this - point to determine if the incoming data is actually a login or - shell prompt. If you have a shell prompt at the remote end, - it is possible to terminate &man.ppp.8; without dropping the line by - using the <literal>close lcp</literal> command (a following - <literal>term</literal> command will reconnect you to the shell - on the remote machine.</para> - - <para>If nothing in your log file indicates why the link might - have been terminated, you should ask the remote administrator - (your ISP?) why the session was terminated.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry id="PPPoEwithNAT"> - <question id="macos-win98-pppoe-freeze"> - <para>Why do MacOS and Windows 98 connections freeze when - running PPPoE on the gateway?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Thanks to Michael Wozniak - <email>mwozniak@netcom.ca</email> for figuring this out and - Dan Flemming <email>danflemming@mac.com</email> for the Mac - solution:</para> - - <para>This is due to what is called a <quote>Black Hole</quote> - router. MacOS and Windows 98 (and maybe other Microsoft OSs) - send TCP packets with a requested segment size too big to fit - into a PPPoE frame (MTU is 1500 by default for Ethernet) - <emphasis>and</emphasis> have the <quote>do not - fragment</quote> bit set (default of TCP) and the Telco router - is not sending ICMP <quote>must fragment</quote> back to the - www site you are trying to load. (Alternatively, the router is - sending the ICMP packet correctly, but the firewall at the www - site is dropping it.) When the www server is sending - you frames that do not fit into the PPPoE pipe the Telco router - drops them on the floor and your page does not load (some - pages/graphics do as they are smaller than a MSS.) This seems - to be the default of most Telco PPPoE configurations (if only - they knew how to program a router... sigh...)</para> - - <para>One fix is to use regedit on your 95/98 boxes to add the - following registry entry...</para> - - <programlisting>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Class\NetTrans\0000\MaxMTU</programlisting> - - <para>It should be a string with a value <quote>1436</quote>, as - some ADSL routers are reported to be unable to deal with packets - larger than this. This registry key has been changed to - <literal>Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\<replaceable>ID for adapter</replaceable>\MTU</literal> - in Windows 2000 and becomes a DWORD.</para> - - <para>Refer to the Microsoft Knowledge Base documents <ulink - url="http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q158/4/74.asp">Q158474 - - Windows TCPIP Registry Entries</ulink> and <ulink - url="http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q120/6/42.asp">Q120642 - - TCPIP & NBT Configuration Parameters for Windows - NT</ulink> for more information on changing Windows MTU to - work with a NAT router.</para> - - <para>Another regedit possibility under Windows 2000 is to - set the - <literal>Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\<replaceable>ID for - adapter</replaceable>\EnablePMTUBHDetect</literal> DWORD - to 1 as mentioned in the Microsoft document 120642 - mentioned above.</para> - - <para>Unfortunately, MacOS does not provide an interface for - changing TCP/IP settings. However, there is commercial software - available, such as OTAdvancedTuner (OT for OpenTransport, the - MacOS TCP/IP stack) by <ulink - url="http://www.softworks.com/">Sustainable Softworks</ulink>, - that will allow users to customize TCP/IP settings. MacOS NAT - users should select <literal>ip_interface_MTU</literal> from - the drop-down menu, enter <literal>1450</literal> instead of - <literal>1500</literal> in the box, click the box next to - <literal>Save as Auto Configure</literal>, and click - <literal>Make Active</literal>.</para> - - <para>The latest version of &man.ppp.8; - (2.3 or greater) has an <command>enable tcpmssfixup</command> - command that will automatically adjust the MSS to an appropriate - value. This facility is enabled by default. If you are stuck - with an older version of &man.ppp.8;, you - may want to look at the <application>tcpmssd</application> - port.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="desperation"> - <para>None of this helps - I am desperate! What can I do?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>If all else fails, send as much information as you can, - including your config files, how you are starting - &man.ppp.8;, the relevant parts of your - log file and the output of the <command>netstat -rn</command> - command (before and after connecting) to the &a.questions; or - the <ulink url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc"> - comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc</ulink> news group, and someone - should point you in the right direction.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - </qandaset> - </chapter> - - <chapter id="serial"> - <title>Serial Communications</title> - - <para>This section answers common questions about serial - communications with FreeBSD. PPP and SLIP are covered in the - <xref linkend="networking" remap="Networking"/> section.</para> - - - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question id="found-serial"> - <para>How do I tell if FreeBSD found my serial ports?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>As the FreeBSD kernel boots, it will probe for the serial - ports in your system for which the kernel was configured. - You can either watch your system closely for the messages it - prints or run the command</para> - - <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>dmesg | grep sio</userinput></screen> - - <para>after your system is up and running.</para> - - <para>Here is some example output from the above command:</para> - - <programlisting>sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa -sio0: type 16550A -sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa -sio1: type 16550A</programlisting> - - <para>This shows two serial ports. The first is on irq 4, is - using port address <literal>0x3f8</literal>, and has a - 16550A-type UART chip. The second uses the same kind of chip - but is on irq 3 and is at port address <literal>0x2f8</literal>. - Internal modem cards are treated just like serial ports---except - that they always have a modem <quote>attached</quote> to the - port.</para> - - <para>The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel includes support - for two serial ports using the same irq and port address - settings in the above example. If these settings are not - right for your system, or if you have added modem cards or have - more serial ports than your kernel is configured for, just - reconfigure your kernel. See section - <link linkend="make-kernel">about building a kernel</link> for - more details.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="found-modem"> - <para>How do I tell if FreeBSD found my modem cards?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Refer to the answer to the previous question.</para> - - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="missing-tty0X"> - <para>I just upgraded to 2.0.5 and my - <devicename>tty0<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> - are missing! How do I solve this problem?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Do not worry, they have been merged with the - <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> devices. You will have to change - any old configuration files you have, though.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="access-serial-ports"> - <para>How do I access the serial ports on FreeBSD?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>The third serial port, - <devicename>sio2</devicename> - (see &man.sio.4;, known as COM3 in DOS), is on <devicename>/dev/cuaa2</devicename> - for dial-out devices, and on <devicename>/dev/ttyd2</devicename> - for dial-in devices. What is the difference between these two - classes of devices?</para> - - <para>You use <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> for dial-ins. When - opening <devicename>/dev/ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> in blocking mode, a - process will wait for the corresponding - <devicename>cuaa<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> device to become inactive, and then - wait for the carrier detect line to go active. When you open - the <devicename>cuaa<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> device, it makes sure the serial - port is not already in use by the <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> - device. If the port is available, it <quote>steals</quote> it - from the <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> device. Also, the - <devicename>cuaa<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> device does not care about carrier - detect. With this scheme and an auto-answer modem, you can have - remote users log in and you can still dial out with the same - modem and the system will take care of all the - conflicts.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="enable-multiport-serial"> - <para>How do I enable support for a multiport serial - card?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Again, the section on kernel configuration provides - information about configuring your kernel. For a multiport - serial card, place an &man.sio.4; line - for each serial port on the card in the kernel configuration - file. But place the irq and vector specifiers on only one of - the entries. All of the ports on the card should share one irq. - For consistency, use the last serial port to specify the irq. - Also, specify the <literal>COM_MULTIPORT</literal> - option.</para> - - <para>The following example is for an AST 4-port serial card on - irq 7:</para> - - <programlisting>options "COM_MULTIPORT" -device sio4 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty flags 0x781 -device sio5 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x781 -device sio6 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x781 -device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr</programlisting> - - <para>The flags indicate that the master port has minor number 7 - (<literal>0x700</literal>), diagnostics enabled during probe - (<literal>0x080</literal>), and all the ports share an irq - (<literal>0x001</literal>).</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="multiport-serial-share-irq"> - <para>Can FreeBSD handle multiport serial cards sharing - irqs?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Not yet. You will have to use a different irq for each - card.</para> - - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="default-serial-params"> - <para>Can I set the default serial parameters for a - port?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>The <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> (or - <devicename>cuaa<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename>) device is the regular device - you will want to open for your applications. When a process - opens the device, it will have a default set of terminal I/O - settings. You can see these settings with the command</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>stty -a -f /dev/ttyd1</userinput></screen> - - <para>When you change the settings to this device, the settings - are in effect until the device is closed. When it is reopened, - it goes back to the default set. To make changes to the - default set, you can open and adjust the settings of the - <quote>initial state</quote> device. For example, to turn on - <acronym>CLOCAL</acronym> mode, 8 bits, and - <acronym>XON/XOFF</acronym> flow control by default for - ttyd5, do:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>stty -f /dev/ttyid5 clocal cs8 ixon ixoff</userinput></screen> - - <para>A good place to do this is in - <filename>/etc/rc.serial</filename>. Now, an application will - have these settings by default when it opens - <filename>ttyd5</filename>. It can still change these settings - to its liking, though.</para> - - <para>You can also prevent certain settings from being changed - by an application by making adjustments to the - <quote>lock state</quote> device. For example, to lock the - speed of <devicename>ttyd5</devicename> to 57600 bps, do</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>stty -f /dev/ttyld5 57600</userinput></screen> - - <para>Now, an application that opens <devicename>ttyd5</devicename> - and tries to change the speed of the port will be stuck with - 57600 bps.</para> - - <para>Naturally, you should make the initial state and lock state - devices writable only by <username>root</username>. The - &man.MAKEDEV.8; - script does <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> do this when it creates the - device entries.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="enable-dialup"> - <para>How can I enable dialup logins on my modem?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>So you want to become an Internet service provider, eh? - First, you will need one or more modems that can auto-answer. - Your modem will need to assert carrier-detect when it detects a - carrier and not assert it all the time. It will need to hang up - the phone and reset itself when the data terminal ready - (<acronym>DTR</acronym>) line goes from on to off. It should - probably use <filename>RTS/CTS</filename> flow control or no - local flow control at all. Finally, it must use a constant - speed between the computer and itself, but (to be nice to your - callers) it should negotiate a speed between itself and the - remote modem.</para> - - <para>For many Hayes command-set--compatible modems, this - command will make these settings and store them in - nonvolatile memory:</para> - - <programlisting>AT &C1 &D3 &K3 &Q6 S0=1 &W</programlisting> - - <para>See the section <link linkend="direct-at">on sending AT - commands</link> below for information on how to make these - settings without resorting to an MS-DOS terminal program.</para> - - <para>Next, make an entry in - <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> (see &man.ttys.5;) for the modem. This file lists all the ports - on which the operating system will await logins. Add a line - that looks something like this:</para> - - <programlisting>ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.57600" dialup on insecure</programlisting> - - <para>This line indicates that the second serial port - (<devicename>/dev/ttyd1</devicename>) has a modem connected - running at 57600 bps and no parity - (<literal>std.57600</literal>, which comes from the file - <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>, see &man.gettytab.5;). - The terminal type for this port is <literal>dialup</literal>. - The port is <literal>on</literal> and is - <literal>insecure</literal>---meaning <username>root</username> - logins on the port are not allowed. For dialin ports like this one, - use the <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> - entry.</para> - - <para>It is common practice to use <literal>dialup</literal> as - the terminal type. Many users set up in their <filename>.profile</filename> or - <filename>.login</filename> files a prompt for the actual terminal type if the - starting type is dialup. The example shows the port as - insecure. To become <username>root</username> on this port, you - have to login as a regular user, then &man.su.1; to become - <username>root</username>. If you use <literal>secure</literal> - then <username>root</username> can login in directly.</para> - - <para>After making modifications to - <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, you need to send a hangup or - <acronym>HUP</acronym> signal to the - &man.init.8; process:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -HUP 1</userinput></screen> - - <para>This forces the &man.init.8; process to reread - <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. The init process will then start getty - processes on all <literal>on</literal> ports. You can find - out if logins are available for your port by typing</para> - - <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ps -ax | grep '[t]tyd1'</userinput></screen> - - <para>You should see something like:</para> - - <programlisting>747 ?? I 0:00.04 /usr/libexec/getty std.57600 ttyd1</programlisting> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="dumb-terminal"> - <para>How can I connect a dumb terminal to my FreeBSD - box?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>If you are using another computer as a terminal into your - FreeBSD system, get a null modem cable to go between the two - serial ports. If you are using an actual terminal, see its - accompanying instructions.</para> - - <para>Then, modify - <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> (see &man.ttys.5;), like above. For example, if you are - hooking up a WYSE-50 terminal to the fifth serial port, - use an entry like this:</para> - - <programlisting>ttyd4 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wyse50 on secure</programlisting> - - <para>This example shows that the port on - <devicename>/dev/ttyd4</devicename> has a wyse50 terminal - connected at 38400 bps with no parity - (<literal>std.38400</literal> from - <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>, see &man.gettytab.5;) and <username>root</username> logins are - allowed (<literal>secure</literal>).</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="cannot-tip"> - <para>Why can I not run <command>tip</command> or - <command>cu</command>?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>On your system, the programs &man.tip.1; - and &man.cu.1; - are probably executable only by - <username>uucp</username> - and group <groupname>dialer</groupname>. You can use the group - <groupname>dialer</groupname> to control who has access to your - modem or remote systems. Just add yourself to group - dialer.</para> - - <para>Alternatively, you can let everyone on your system - run &man.tip.1; and &man.cu.1; by - typing:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 4511 /usr/bin/cu</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip</userinput></screen> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="hayes-unsupported"> - <para>My stock Hayes modem is not supported---what - can I do?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Actually, the man page for &man.tip.1; is - out of date. There is a generic Hayes dialer already built in. - Just use <literal>at=hayes</literal> in your - <filename>/etc/remote</filename> (see &man.remote.5;) file.</para> - - <para>The Hayes driver is not smart enough to recognize some of - the advanced features of newer modems---messages like - <literal>BUSY</literal>, <literal>NO DIALTONE</literal>, or - <literal>CONNECT 115200</literal> will just confuse it. You - should turn those messages off when you use &man.tip.1; - (using <literal>ATX0&W</literal>).</para> - - <para>Also, the dial timeout for &man.tip.1; is 60 - seconds. Your modem should use something less, or else tip - will think there is a communication problem. Try - <literal>ATS7=45&W</literal>.</para> - - <para>Actually, as shipped &man.tip.1; does not yet - support it fully. The solution is to edit the file - <filename>tipconf.h</filename> in the directory - <filename>/usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip</filename>. Obviously you - need the source distribution to do this.</para> - - <para>Edit the line <literal>#define HAYES 0</literal> - to <literal>#define HAYES 1</literal>. Then - <command>make</command> and <command>make install</command>. - Everything works nicely after that.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="direct-at"> - <para>How am I expected to enter these AT commands?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Make what is called a <quote>direct</quote> entry in your - <filename>/etc/remote</filename> file (see &man.remote.5;). For example, if your modem is hooked - up to the first serial port, <devicename>/dev/cuaa0</devicename>, - then put in the following line:</para> - - <programlisting>cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none</programlisting> - - <para>Use the highest bps rate your modem supports in the br - capability. Then, type - <command>tip <devicename>cuaa0</devicename></command> (see &man.tip.1;) - and you will be connected to your modem.</para> - - <para>If there is no <devicename>/dev/cuaa0</devicename> on your - system, do this:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV cuaa0</userinput></screen> - - <para>Or use cu as <username>root</username> with the following command:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cu -l<replaceable>line</replaceable> -s<replaceable>speed</replaceable></userinput></screen> - - <para>with <replaceable>line</replaceable> being the serial port (e.g. - <devicename>/dev/cuaa0</devicename>) and <replaceable>speed</replaceable> being the speed - (e.g.<literal>57600</literal>). When you are done entering - the AT commands hit <literal>~.</literal> to exit.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="gt-failure"> - <para>Why does the <literal><@></literal> sign for the pn - capability not work?</para></question><answer> - - <para>The <literal><@></literal> sign in the phone number - capability tells tip to look in - <filename>/etc/phones</filename> for a phone number. But the - <literal><@></literal> sign is also a special character - in capability files like <filename>/etc/remote</filename>. - Escape it with a backslash:</para> - - <programlisting>pn=\@</programlisting> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="dial-command-line"> - <para>How can I dial a phone number on the command - line?</para> - </question><answer> - - <para>Put what is called a <quote>generic</quote> entry in your - <filename>/etc/remote</filename> file (see &man.remote.5;). For example:</para> - - <programlisting>tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du: -tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:</programlisting> - - <para>Then you can do something like <command>tip -115200 - 5551234</command>. If you prefer &man.cu.1; - over - &man.tip.1;, use a generic cu entry:</para> - - <programlisting>cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:</programlisting> - - <para>and type <command>cu 5551234 -s 115200</command>.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="set-bps"> - <para>Do I have to type in the bps rate every time I do - that?</para> - </question><answer> - - <para>Put in an entry for <literal>tip1200</literal> or - <literal>cu1200</literal>, but go ahead and use whatever bps - rate is appropriate with the br capability. - &man.tip.1; - thinks a good default is 1200 bps which is why it looks for - a <literal>tip1200</literal> entry. You do not have to use 1200 - bps, though.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="terminal-server"> - <para>How can I more easily access a number of hosts through a - terminal server?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Rather than waiting until you are connected and typing - <literal>CONNECT <replaceable>host</replaceable></literal> - each time, use tip's <literal>cm</literal> capability. For - example, these entries in - <filename>/etc/remote</filename> (see &man.remote.5;):</para> - - <programlisting>pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\ - :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13: -muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\ - :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13: -deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa2:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234:</programlisting> - - <para>will let you type <command>tip pain</command> or - <command>tip muffin</command> to connect to the hosts - <hostid>pain</hostid> or <hostid>muffin</hostid>; and - <command>tip deep13</command> to get to the terminal - server.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="tip-multiline"> - <para>Can tip try more than one line for each site?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>This is often a problem where a university has several - modem lines and several thousand students trying to use - them...</para> - - <para>Make an entry for your university in - <filename>/etc/remote</filename> (see &man.remote.5;) and use <literal><\@></literal> for - the <literal>pn</literal> capability:</para> - - <programlisting>big-university:\ - :pn=\@:tc=dialout -dialout:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none:</programlisting> - - <para>Then, list the phone numbers for the university in - <filename>/etc/phones</filename> (see &man.phones.5;):</para> - - <programlisting>big-university 5551111 -big-university 5551112 -big-university 5551113 -big-university 5551114</programlisting> - - <para>&man.tip.1; - will try each one in the listed order, then give - up. If you want to keep retrying, run &man.tip.1; - in a while loop.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="multi-controlp"> - <para>Why do I have to hit CTRL+P twice to send CTRL+P - once?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>CTRL+P is the default <quote>force</quote> character, - used to tell &man.tip.1; - that the next character is literal data. You can set the - force character to any other character with the - <literal>~s</literal> escape, which means <quote>set a - variable</quote>.</para> - - <para>Type <literal>~sforce=<replaceable>single-char - </replaceable></literal> followed by a newline. - <replaceable>single-char</replaceable> is any single character. - If you leave out <replaceable>single-char</replaceable>, - then the force character is the nul character, which you can - get by typing CTRL+2 or CTRL+SPACE. A pretty good value for - <replaceable>single-char</replaceable> is SHIFT+CTRL+6, which - I have seen only used on some terminal servers.</para> - - <para>You can have the force character be whatever you want by - specifying the following in your - <filename>$HOME/.tiprc</filename> file:</para> - - <programlisting>force=<replaceable>single-char</replaceable></programlisting> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="uppercase"> - <para>Why is everything I type suddenly in UPPER CASE?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>You must have pressed CTRL+A, &man.tip.1; - <quote>raise character</quote>, specially - designed for people with broken caps-lock keys. Use - <literal>~s</literal> as above and set the variable - <quote>raisechar</quote> to something reasonable. In fact, - you can set it to the same as the force character, if you - never expect to use either of these features.</para> - - <para>Here is a sample .tiprc file perfect for Emacs users who - need to type CTRL+2 and CTRL+A a lot:</para> - - <programlisting>force=^^ -raisechar=^^</programlisting> - -<para>The ^^ is SHIFT+CTRL+6.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="tip-filetransfer"> - <para>How can I do file transfers with - <command>tip</command>?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>If you are talking to another Unix system, you can send - and receive files with <literal>~p</literal> (put) and - <literal>~t</literal> (take). These commands run - &man.cat.1; and - &man.echo.1; on the remote system to accept and send files. - The syntax is:</para> - - <programlisting>~p <local-file> [<remote-file>] -~t <remote-file> [<local-file>]</programlisting> - - <para>There is no error checking, so you probably should use - another protocol, like zmodem.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="zmodem-tip"> - <para>How can I run zmodem with - <application>tip</application>?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>First, install one of the zmodem programs from the - ports collection (such as one of the two from the comms - category, <application>lrzsz</application> or - <application>rzsz</application>.</para> - - <para>To receive files, start the sending program on the - remote end. Then, press enter and type - <literal>~C rz</literal> (or <literal>~C lrz</literal> if you - installed <application>lrzsz</application>) to begin - receiving them locally.</para> - - <para>To send files, start the receiving program on the remote - end. Then, press enter and type - <literal>~C sz <replaceable>files</replaceable></literal> - (or <literal>~C lsz <replaceable>files</replaceable></literal>) - to send them to the remote system.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="cannot-find-serial"> - <para>Why does FreeBSD not find my serial ports, even - when the settings are correct?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Motherboards and cards with Acer UARTs do not probe - properly under the FreeBSD sio probe. Obtain a patch from - <ulink url="http://www.lemis.com/serial-port-patch.html"> - www.lemis.com</ulink> to fix your problem.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - </qandaset> - </chapter> - - <chapter id="misc"> - <title>¨ä¥¦¦U¦¡¦U¼Ëªº°ÝÃD</title> - - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question id="more-swap"> - <para>¬°¬Æ»ò FreeBSD ¥Îªº¸m´«(swap)ªÅ¶¡¤ñ Linux ¦h¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>FreeBSD¶È¬O¬Ý°_¨Ó¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)¥Îªº¤ñLinux¦h¦Ó¤w¡C¦b¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A - ¨Ã¤£µM¡C¥Dnªº®t²§¬O¦b©ó¡AFreeBSD¿n·¥ªº±N¶¢¸mµL¥Îªº¥D°O¾ÐÅ餺®e - ±À¤J¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)¤¤¡A¥H¨Ï±o¥D°O¾ÐÅé¥i¥H§ó¬°¦³®Ä²vªº³Q¨Ï¥Î¡C¦Ó - Linuxªºµ¦²¤¬O±N¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)¥Î¨Ó§@¬°¸Ñ¨M°O¾ÐÅé°ÝÃDªº³Ì²×¤â¬q¡C - ¸ûÀWÁcªº¨Ï¥Î¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)¡C¬O¤@ºØ§ó¦³®Ä²vªº¨Ï¥Î¥D°O¾ÐÅ骺¤â¬q¡C - </para> - - <para>µù¡G·í¤@¤è±FreeBSD¿n·¥ªº¨Ï¥Î¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)ªº¦P®É¡A§A¥²»Ýª` - ·N¨ì¡AFreeBSD¨Ã¤£·|¥ô·Nªº±N©Ò¦³ªºªF¦è³£±À¤J¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)¤¤¡C¦p¦¹¡A - §A¤~¤£·|¦b¤@©]±J¾K°_§É«áµo²{¡A¾ãÓ¨t²Î³£³Q˶i¤F¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)¤§¤¤¡C - </para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="top-freemem"> - 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- <para>§óªø¥B¸û§¹¾ãªºµª®×¬O¡A¦b¸g¹Lªø®É¶¡ª§½×Ãö©ó¬O§_¸Ó±N &man.sleep.1; - ªº¬í°Ñ¼Æ²¾°£¡A&a.phk;µoªí¤F¤@½gªø½× <quote><ulink - url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/getmsg.cgi?fetch=506636+517178+/usr/local/www/db/text/1999/freebsd-hackers/19991003.freebsd-hackers"> - ¦b«C»A¯ó¦a¤Wªº¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×(¥ô¦óÃC¦âªº)...</ulink></quote>¡C¥H¤U¡A¶ÈºKn¸Ó«h¤å³¹³¡¤À¤º®e¡G</para> - - <blockquote> - <attribution>&a.phk; on freebsd-hackers, October - 2, 1999</attribution> - - <para><quote>¤°»ò¬OÃö©ó³oÓ¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×?</quote> ³¡¤Àªº¤H³o¼Ëªº¸ß°Ý§Ú¡C</para> - - <para>³o¬O¤@Ó«D±`ªø»·ªº¬G¨Æ¡A§_«h´N¬O¤@Ó¥j¦Ñªº¬G¨Æ¡C¦ý¬O¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A - ³oÓ¬G¨Æ«D±`ªºµu¡CC¡P¿Õ´µ¬ì¯S¡P©¬ª÷´Ë(C. 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Feynmann µ¹¤F¤@¨Ç¦³½ì¡A¥B«D±`¤@°w¨£¦åªº½×ÂI¡A¦b¥Lªº®Ñ´£¨ì¤F Los Alamos ªº¨Ò¤l¡C</para> - - <para>¥t¤@¤è±¡A¥ô¦ó¤H³£¯à¦Û¤v¦b¶g¥½²Õ¸Ë¤@®y¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×¥X¨Ó¡A¨Ã¥B¤´¦³¶¢²á¥i¥HÆ[½à¹qµø¤Îª±¹CÀ¸¡C - ¦]¦¹¡AµL½×§A§@¤F¦h»ò§¹µ½ªº·Ç³Æ¡A¤]¤£ºÞ§A´£¥Xªº¤è®×¬O¦h»òªº§´·í¡A¬Y¨Ç¤H¤´±N§ì¦í¾÷·|¶]¥X¨Ó§i¶D§A¡A - ¥L¥¿¦b§@¦P¼Ëªº¨Æ¡A¥¿¦b¥I¥X§V¤O¡A¥L´N¦b <emphasis>³o¸Ì</emphasis>¡C</para> - - <para>¦b¤¦³Á¡A§Ú̺ٳoÓ¥s§@¡yªê¦º¯d¥Ö¡z(setting your fingerprint)¡C³oÃö«Y¨ì§AÓ¤HªºÅº¶Æ©MÁn±æ¡A - ³oÃö«Y¨ì§A¬O§_¥i¥H«üµÛ¬Y¦a«á¹ïµÛ§O¤H»¡¡G¡y³o¸Ì! ³o¬O <emphasis>§Ú</emphasis> §@ªº¡C¡z - ³o¬O¬Fªv¤Hª««Ü«nªº¤@Ó¯S¼x¡C¦ý¬O¡A®É¾÷¬O¤j¦h¼Æ¤H¥Á©Ò½á»Pªº¡C·Q·Q¨º¨Ç¯d¦b¤ôªd¦a¤Wªº¸}¦L§a¡C</para> - </blockquote> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - </qandaset> - </chapter> - - <chapter id="funnies"> - <chapterinfo> - <author> - <firstname>Edward</firstname> - <surname>Chuang</surname> - <affiliation> - <address><email>edwardc@firebird.org.tw</email></address> - </affiliation> - </author> - </chapterinfo> - - <title>FreeBSD §N¯º¸Ü¶°</title> - - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question id="very-very-cool"> - <para>How cool is FreeBSD¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>°Ý¡G¦³¤H°µ¹L FreeBSD °õ¦æ®Éªº·Å«×´ú¸Õ¶Ü¡H §Úª¾¹D Linux - ¤ñ DOS ²D¡A¦ý¨SÅ¥¤H´£¹L FreeBSD¡A¦ü¥G«Ü¼ö¡C</para> - - <para>µª¡G¨S¦³¡A¦ý¬O¦b¨ýı¤W¦³°µ¹LµL¼Æ¦¸´ú¸Õ¡C§ÚÌé¤W¦ÛÄ@¨ü¸ÕªÌªº - ²´·ú¡A¨Æ¥ý¦Aµ¹¥L̪A¥Î 250 ²@§Jªº LSD-25 °g¤ÛÃÄ¡C35% ªº¨ü¸ÕªÌ»¡ - FreeBSD ¹Á°_¨Ó¹³¾ï¤l¡A¦Ó Linux «h¬Oµµ¦âªººd¾ðªG¹ê¡C¾Ú§Ú©Òª¾¡A¨S - ¦³¤@²Õ´£¨ì·Å«×¤W¯S§Oªº®t²§¡C«á¨Óµo²{¡A¦³¤Ó¦h¨ü¸ÕªÌ¦b´ú¸Õ®É¹Ú¹C¨« - ¥X©Ð¶¡¼vÅT¨ì¼Æ¾Ú¡A³Ì«á¥u±o©ñ±ó¾ãÓ½Õ¬d¡C§Ú·Q¤j³¡¥÷ªº¨ü¸ÕªÌ²{¦b¦b - Apple ¤u§@¡AÄ~ Drag and Drop ¤§«á¡A¬ã¨s¥þ·sªº <quote>Scratch and - Sniff</quote> ¹Ï§Î¬É±¡CIt's a funny old business we're in¡I</para> - - <para>¤£¶}ª±¯º¤F¡AFreeBSD ©M Linux ³£¨Ï¥Î <acronym>HLT</acronym> - (halt) «ü¥O¡A¥i¦b¨t²Î¶¢¸m®É°§C¹q¤Oªº¨Ï¥Î¤]´î¤Ö¤F¼öªº²£¥Í¡C¦pªG¦³³]©w APM(Automatic Power Management) - ¡AFreeBSD ¤]¥i¥HÅý CPU ¶i¤J¬Ù¹q¼Ò¦¡¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="letmeoutofhere"> - <para>½Ö¦b§Úªº°O¾ÐÅé´¡¼Ñ¤¤¨F¨F§@ÅT¡H¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>°Ý¡GFreeBSD ½s֤ͮ߮ɦ³°µ¬Æ»ò <quote>©_¯S</quote> ªº¨Æ - Åý°O¾ÐÅé¨F¨F§@ÅT¶Ü¡H·í½sĶ®É(ÁÙ¦³¶}¾÷®É½T»{³nºÐ«áªºµu¼È®É¶¡)¡A - ¤]ºØ¦ü¥G¨Ó¦Û°O¾ÐÅé´¡¼Ñªº©_©ÇÁnµ¡C</para> - - <para>µª¡G¬Oªº¡I¦b BSD ªº¤å¥ó¤¤§A·|±`±`¬Ý¨ì <quote>I«áÆF</quote>¡A - ¤j³¡¥÷ªº¤H³£¤£ª¾¹D¨º¬O¤@ºØ¹ê»Ú¦s¦bªººë¯«Åé --- ´x±±µÛ§Aªº¹q¸£¡C - §AÅ¥¨ìªºÁnµ¬O³o¨ÇI«áÆF¥H°ªµ¤fï¦b·¾³q«ç¼Ë°µ³\¦hªº¨t²ÎºÞ²z¤u - §@¡C</para> - - <para>¦pªG³o¨ÇÁnµ«Ü§xÂZ§A¡A¨Ó¦Û DOS ªº - <command>fdisk /mbr</command> ´N¯àÂ\²æ¡A¦ý¦pªG¦³¬Û¤Ïªº®ÄªG - ¤]¤£nÅå³Y¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦pªG¦b»ö¦¡¤¤Å¥¨ì Bill Gates ®£©ÆªºÁnµ±q¤º - «Øªº³â¥z¶Ç¨Ó¡A°¨¤W°k¦Ó¥B¤£n¦^ÀY¡I ±q BSD I«áÆF¤£¥¿Åªº¼vÅT¤¤ - ¸Ñ©ñ¡ADOS ©M Windows I«áÆF³q±`³£¯à«·s±±¨î¾ã¥x¾÷¾¹¨Ã¹ï§AªºÆF - »î¶A©G¡C¦pªG¦³¿ï¾Ü¡A§Ú·Q§Ú¹çÄ@²ßºD©_©ÇªºÁnµ¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="changing-lightbulbs"> - <para>n´XÓ FreeBSD hacker ¤~¯à´«±¼¤@Ó¹q¿Oªw¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¤@¤d¤@¦Ê¤C¤Q¤GÓ¡G</para> - - <para>¤G¤Q¤TÓ¦b -current ¤W©ê«è¬Ý¤£¨ì¥ú¤F¡F</para> - - <para>¥|ӫźٳo¬O³]©w¤Wªº°ÝÃD¡A©Ò¥H¹³³o¼Ëªº email À³¸Ó©ñ¦b - -questions¡F</para> - - <para>¤TÓ submit PR¡A¨ä¤¤¤@Ó°e¿ù¨ì doc ¤U¡A¨Ã¥B¤º®e¥u - ¦³¡¨³o¸Ì¦n·t¡¨¡F</para> - - <para>¤@Ó commit ©|¥¼´ú¸Õªº¹q¿Oªw¡A³y¦¨¤£¯à buildworld¡A - ¤¤ÀÄÁ«á¥L§âì¨Óªº¿Oªw´«¦^¨Ó¡F</para> - - <para>¤KÓº´°_ flame war¡A³d©Ç°e¥X PR ªº¤H¨S¦³¥]¬A patch¡F</para> - - <para>¤Ó®I«è buildworld Äê±¼¤F¡F</para> - - <para>¤T¤Q¤@Ó»¡ buildworld ¥i¥H¥Î¡A¤£¯à¥Îªº¤H¤@©w¬O cvsup ªº - ®É¾÷¤£¹ï¡F</para> - - <para>¤@Ó§â´«¦¨·s¿Oªwªº patch ¥á¨ì -hackers ¤W¡F</para> - - <para>¤@Ó»¡¥L¤T¦~«e´N°µ¥X¤F patch¡A¦ý°e¨ì -current «á«o³Q©¿²¤±¼¡A - ©Ò¥H¥L¹ï¾ãÓ PR ¨t²Î¦³«Ü¤£¦nªº¦L¶H¡C¦¹¥~¡A¥L¤]»{¬°®³¥Xªº·s¿OªwµL - ªk¤Ï¥ú¡F</para> - - <para>¤T¤Q¤CÓ©Hý»¡¹q¿Oªw¤£ÄÝ©ó°ò¥»¨t²Îªº¤@³¡¥÷¡A©Ò¥H committer - ¤£¯à¤£¥ý¿Ô¸ß¾ãÓ Community ªº·N¨£´N³o¼Ë°µ¤U¥h¡CÁÙ¦³¡A-core - ¨ì©³©M³o¥ó¨Æ¦³¤°»òÃö«Y¡H¡I</para> - - <para>¨â¦Ê¤H©ê«è´«¿Oªw¤§«á¡A¸}½ñ¨®´×ªºÃC¦âÅܱo¦n©_©Ç¡F</para> - - <para>¤TÓ«ü¥X¡A¥Î¨Ó´«¿Oªwªº patch ¤£²Å¦X &man.style.9; 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As every good sysadmin knows, - it is part of standard practise to send data to the screen - of interesting variety to keep all the pixies that make up - your picture happy. Screen pixies (commonly mis-typed or - re-named as 'pixels') are categorised by the type of hat - they wear (red, green or blue) and will hide or appear - (thereby showing the colour of their hat) whenever they - receive a little piece of food. Video cards turn data into - pixie-food, and then send them to the pixies - the more - expensive the card, the better the food, so the better - behaved the pixies are. They also need constant simulation - - this is why screen savers exist.</para> - - <para>To take your suggestions further, you could just throw - the random data to console, thereby letting the pixies - consume it. This causes no heat to be produced at all, - keeps the pixies happy and gets rid of your data quite - quickly, even if it does make things look a bit messy on - your screen.</para> - - <para>Incidentally, as an ex-admin of a large ISP who - experienced many problems attempting to maintain a stable - temperature in a server room, I would strongly discourage - people sending the data they do not want out to the - network. The fairies who do the packet switching and - routing get annoyed by it as well.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - - <qandaentry> - <question id="pttlz"> - <para>1993 ¦~´N¦³¡ymake world¡z¤F¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>°Ý¡G®Ú¾Ú jkh ªº <ulink - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/Makefile.diff?r1=1.5;r2=1.6;f=h"> - ³o¥÷ commit</ulink>¡AÀ³¸Ó¬O Aug 13 22:47:28 1994 UTC - ¤§«á¤~·|¦³ make world¡A«ç»ò·|¦³¦b¨º¤§«e·|¦³©O¡H</para> - - <para>µª¡G®Ú¾Ú pttlz.bbs@ptt.cc (¤uÃÆ) ©ó Apr 7 17:09:47 2008 CST ¦ÛºÙ¡G - ¡ymake world ¬O§Ú¥j¦ (15 ¦~«e) ®Éª± freebsd ®É¥Îªº¡z¡A©Ò¥H 1993 ¦~´N¦³ - pttlz ªº¡ymake world¡z¦s¦b¤F¡A½Ðª`·N¤H®a¥i¬O¦ÛºÙ¡y15 ¦~«e¡zªºªø½ú¡A - ½Ð¤Å¹ïªø½úÅv«Â¬D¾Ô¡AÁÂÁ¡I</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - </qandaset> - </chapter> - - <chapter id="advanced"> - <chapterinfo> - <author> - <firstname>En-Ran</firstname> - <surname>Zhou</surname> - <affiliation> - <address><email>zhouer@tfcis.org</email></address> - </affiliation> - </author> - </chapterinfo> - - <title>¶i¶¥¥DÃD</title> - - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question id="learn-advanced"> - <para>¦p¦ó¯à¾Ç²ß§ó¦h¦³Ãö FreeBSD ¤º³¡ªºªF¦è¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¥Ø«e¥«±¤WÁÙ¨S¦³±´°Q§@·~¨t²Î¤º³¡ªº®Ñ¬O±M¬° FreeBSD ¦Ó¼g - ªº¡CµM¦Ó¡A³\¦h¤@¯ëªº UNIX ª¾Ãѳ£¥i¥Hª½±µÀ³¥Î¦b FreeBSD ¤W¡Cªþ - ¥[¤@ÂI¡A¤´µM¦³¬ÛÃöªº®Ñ¬O±M¬° BSD ©Ò¼gªº¡C</para> - - <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Handbook ªº<ulink - url="../handbook/bibliography-osinternals.html">§@·~¨t²Î¤º³¡¤§°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø</ulink> - ¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="how-to-contribute"> - <para>¦p¦ó¯à¬° FreeBSD ¥X¤@¥÷¤O¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò³o½g¤å³¹ <ulink - url="../../articles/contributing/article.html">Contributing - to FreeBSD</ulink> ¨Ó´£¨Ñ±zªº«ØÄ³¡C¦pªG±z¯àÀ°¦£¨º´N§óÅwªï¤F¡I</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="define-snap-release"> - <para>SNAP ©M RELEASE ¬O¤°»ò¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¥Ø«e¦³¤TÓ¬¡ÅD/¥b¬¡ÅDªº¤À¤ä¦b FreeBSD ªº <ulink - url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi">CVS Repository</ulink> - (¥j¦¤À¤ä¤w¸g´X¥G¨S¦b§ó·s¤F¡A¦]¬°³q±`¥u¦³¤TÓ¬¡ÅDªºµo®i¤À¤ä)¡G - </para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para><literal>RELENG_5</literal> §Y - <emphasis>5-STABLE</emphasis></para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><literal>RELENG_6</literal> §Y - <emphasis>6-STABLE</emphasis></para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><literal>HEAD</literal> §Y - <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> ¤]´N¬O¥Ø«eªº - <emphasis>7.X-CURRENT</emphasis></para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - - <para>»P¤W±¨ä¥L¨âÓ¤À¤ä¬Û¤ñ¡A¨ä¹ê <literal>HEAD</literal> ¨Ã¤£¬O¯u¥¿ - ªº branch tag¡A¥¦¥u¬OÓ symbolic constant¡A¥Nªí <quote><emphasis>current - (©|¥¼¤À¤äªºµo®i¤¤ª©¥»)</emphasis></quote>¡A³q±`§ÚÌ·|²¼g¬° <quote>-CURRENT</quote>¡C</para> - - <para>´N²{¦b¦Ó¨¥¡A<quote>-CURRENT</quote> ´N¬O«ü 7.X ªºµo®i¡F - ¦Ó <literal>5-STABLE</literal> ¤À¤ä(<symbol>RELENG_5</symbol>)¬O¦b 2004 ¦~ 10 ¤ë±q - <quote>-CURRENT</quote> fork ¥X¨Óªº¡F - <literal>6-STABLE</literal> ¤À¤ä(<symbol>RELENG_6</symbol>)¬O¦b 2005 ¦~ 11 ¤ë±q - <quote>-CURRENT</quote> fork ¥X¨Óªº¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="custrel"> - <para>n«ç»ò§@¥X¦Û¤vªº release¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>½Ð°Ñ·Ó <ulink - url="../../articles/releng/article.html">Release ¤uµ{</ulink> - ¤å³¹»¡©ú¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="makeworld-clobbers"> - <para>¬°¦ó <command>make world</command> ·|§âì¨Ó¸Ëªº binary Àɳ£´«±¼¤F¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¨S¿ù¡A´N¬O³o¼Ë¤l¡C¦p¦W¦r©Ò¥Ü¡A<command>make world</command> - ·|«·s½s͍t²Î¤º«Øªº¨CÓ binary ÀÉ¡A³o¼Ë¦bµ²§ô®É´N¥i½T©w¦³Ó¤@P¥B°®²bªºÀô¹Ò(©Ò¥Hnªá¤W¦n¤@¬q®É¶¡)¡C</para> - - <para>¦b°õ¦æ <command>make world</command> ©Î - <command>make install</command> ®É¡A¦pªG¦³³] - <literal>DESTDIR</literal> ³oÓÀô¹ÒÅܼơA·s²£¥Íªº binary ±N·|¸Ë¦b - <literal>${DESTDIR}</literal> ¤U¦P¼Ëªº¥Ø¿ý¾ð¤¤¡C¦ý¦b¬Y¨Ç×§ï - shared library ©M««Ø binary ªºµL¯S©w±¡ªp¤U¡A³o¼Ë°µ¥i¯à·|¨Ï - <command>make world</command> ¥¢±Ñ¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="cvsup-round-robin"> - <para>Why isn't cvsup.FreeBSD.org a round robin DNS entry to - share the load amongst the various CVSup servers?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>While CVSup mirrors update from the master CVSup - server hourly, this update might happen at any time during - the hour. This means that some servers have newer code - than others, even though all servers have code that is - less than an hour old. If <hostid role="fqdn">cvsup.FreeBSD.org</hostid> was a round - robin DNS entry that simply redirected users to a random - CVSup server, running CVSup twice in a row could download - code older than the code already on the system.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="bus-speed-defaulted"> - <para>¦b¨t²Î¶}¾÷®É¡A¥X²{ <quote>(bus speed defaulted)</quote>¡C</para> - </question> - - <answer> - - <para>Adaptec 1542 SCSI ¥d¤¹³\¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥Î³nÅé½Õ¾ã¶×¬y±Æªº¦s¨ú³t«×¡C - ¦´Áªº 1542 ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¸Õ¹Ï±N¥¦³]¦¨¥i¥Îªº³Ì§Ö³t«×¡A¦ý«á¨Óµo²{¦b¤@ - ¨Ç¾÷¾¹¤W¤£¯à¥Î¡A©Ò¥H²{¦bn¦b kernel ³]©w¤¤¥[ - <symbol>TUNE_1542</symbol> ³oÓ¿ï¶µ¨Ó±Ò°Ê³oÓ¥\¯à¡C¦b¤ä´©ªº¾÷¾¹ - ¤W¥Î³oÓ¿ï¶µ·|¨ÏµwºÐ¦s¨ú§ó§Ö¡A¦ý¦b¤£¤ä´©ªº¾÷¾¹¤W¦³¥i¯à·|·´±¼¸ê®Æ¡C - </para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="ctm"> - <para>¦bºô¸ôÀW¼e¦³ªº±¡ªp¤U¡A§Ú¤]¥i¥H¸ò¤W current ªºµo®i¶Ü¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¬Oªº¡AÂÇµÛ <ulink url="../handbook/synching.html#CTM">CTM - </ulink> ±z´N¥i¥H<literal>¤£¥Î</literal>¤U¸ü¥þ³¡ªºµ{¦¡½X¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="split-240k"> - <para>¬O«ç»ò§âµo¦æª©¥»¤¤ªºÀɮפÁ¦¨¤@ÓÓ 240k ªº¤pÀɮתº¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¥H BSD ¬°°ò¦ªº¸û·s¨t²Î¦³Ó <option>-b</option> ¿ï¶µ - ¥i¥H§âÀÉ®×¥H¥ô·N¼Æ¥Ø byte ¤Á¶}¡C</para> - - <para>³o¸Ì¬O <filename>/usr/src/Makefile</filename> ¤¤ªº¤@Ó - ¨Ò¤l¡G</para> - - <programlisting>bin-tarball: -(cd ${DISTDIR}; 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- µoªíÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº®ø®§¡C</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="alternate-directory-layout"> - <para>Ãö©ó§ó°Ê¥Ø¿ý©ñ¸mªºì«h¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>¦b¦^µªÃö©ó§ó°Ê¥Ø¿ý©ñ¸mªºì«h¤è±¡A§Ú¦b 1983 ¦~¼g¦n¥Ø«eªº§@ªk - «á´N¨S¦³¦A§ïÅܹL¡A³oºØ¤è¦¡¬O°w¹ïì¥ýªº FFS Àɮרt²Î¡A«á¨Ó¤]¨S¦³ - ¹ï¥¦§@¥ô¦ó§ó°Ê¡C¥¦¦bÁ×§K cylinder group ³Q¶ñº¡³o¤è±°µ±o¬Û·í¦¨¥\¡A - ¦ý¬O´N¹³¦³¨Ç¤H¤w¸gª`·N¨ì¡A¥¦©M find ´N°t¦X±o¤£¤j¦n¡C¤j³¡¥÷ªºÀÉ®× - ¨t²Î¬O¥Ñ¨º¨Ç¥Î depth first search(aka ftw) ²£¥Íªº archive »s³y¥X - ¨Ó¡A¸Ñ¥X¨Óªº¥Ø¿ý inode ·|¾î¸ó¦n´XÓ cylinder group¡A¦pªG¥H«án°µ - depth first search ªº¸Ü¡A³o¬O³ÌÁV¿|ªº±¡ªp¤§¤@¡C¦pªG§Ú̪¾¹DÁ`¦@ - ·|²£¥Í¦h¤Ö¥Ø¿ýªº¸Ü¡A¸Ñªk¬O¦b°µ¥ô¦ó¦s¨ú/¼g¤J°Ê§@¤§«e¡A¦b¨CÓ - cylinder group ¤W¥ý³y¥X(©Ò¦³¥Ø¿ý¼Æ/cylinder greoup ªº¼Æ¥Ø)³o»ò¦h - ªº¥Ø¿ý¡C«Ü©úÅ㪺¡A§ÚÌ¥²¶·n¦³®Ú¾Ú¦a¥h²q³o ӼƦr¡A´Nºâ¤@Ó¹³ 10 - ªº«Ü¤p©T©w¼Æ¥Ø¤]·|¨Ï®Ä²v¥H¯Å¼Æ¦¨ªø¡C°Ï¤À restore (§Y¸Ñ¶}¤Wzªº - archive) ©M¤@¯ëÀÉ®×¾Þ§@ªº¤èªk¥i¥H¬O(²{¦b¥Îªººtºâªk¥i¯àn§ó±Ó·P)¡G - ¦pªG¤@¨Ç¥Ø¿ý(³Ì¦h 10 Ó)³£¦b 10 ¬í¤º²£ ¥Íªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò´N§â³o¨Ç¥Ø¿ý - »E¶°¦b¦P¤@Ó cylinder group¡C¤£ºÞ«ç¼Ë¡A §Úªº¸gÅç«ü¥X³o¬O¤@Ó¤w¸g - ¥R¥÷¹êÅç¹Lªº³¡¥÷¡C</para> - - <para>Kirk McKusick, September 1998</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question id="kernel-panic-troubleshooting"> - <para>¦p¦ó¦b kernel panics ®É±o¨ì³Ì¦hªº¸ê°T¡H</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para><emphasis>[³o¸`¬O±q &a.wpaul; ¦b &os.current; <link - linkend="mailing">mailing list</link> ¤Wµoªíªº«H¤¤¸`¿ý¡A - &a.des; ×¥¿¤F¥´¦r¿ù»~¡B¦A¥[¤W¬A©·¸Ìªºª`¸Ñ¡C]</emphasis></para> - - <programlisting>From: Bill Paul <wpaul@skynet.ctr.columbia.edu> -Subject: Re: the fs fun never stops -To: Ben Rosengart -Date: Sun, 20 Sep 1998 15:22:50 -0400 (EDT) -Cc: current@FreeBSD.org</programlisting> - - <para><emphasis>[Ben µoªí¤F¤U±ªº panic °T®§]</emphasis></para> - - <programlisting>> Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode -> fault virtual address = 0x40 -> fault code = supervisor read, page not present -> instruction pointer = 0x8:0xf014a7e5 - ^^^^^^^^^^ -> stack pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f24 -> frame pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f28 -> code segment = base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b -> = DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1 -> processor eflags = interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0 -> current process = 80 (mount) -> interrupt mask = -> trap number = 12 -> panic: page fault</programlisting> - - <para>·í§A¬Ý¨ì¹³³o¼Ëªº°T®§®É¡A¥u§â¥¦«þ¤@¥÷°e¤W¨Ó¬O¤£°÷ªº¡C§Ú¦b¤W± - ¯S¦a¼Ð©úªº instruction pointer Ȭ۷í«n¡A¤£©¯ªº¬O¥¦·|¦]³]©w¦Ó - ¤£¦P¡C´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A³oÓÈ·|¸ò§A¥Îªº kernel image ÀɦÓÅܰʡC¦pªG¬O¥Î - ¬YÓ snapshot ª©¥»ªº GENERIC kernel¡A¤]³\¨ä¥L¤H¥i¥H°lÂܨì¥X°ÝÃD - ªº¨ç¦¡¡A¦ý¦pªG§A¬O¥Î¦Ûqªº kernel¡A¨º»ò¥u¦³ - <emphasis>§A</emphasis>¤~¯à§i¶D§Ṵ́ÝÃD¥X¦b¨º¸Ì¡C</para> - - <para>n°µªº¨Æ¥]¬A³o¨Ç¡G</para> - - <procedure> - <step> - <para>§â instruction pointer ªºÈ°O¤U¨Ó¡Cª`·N¦b«e±ªº - <literal>0x8:</literal> ¦b³oÓ±¡ªp¤¤¨Ã¤£«n¡A§ÚÌnªº¬O - <literal>0xf0xxxxxx</literal>¡C</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>·í¨t²Î«·s¶}¾÷«á¡A°õ¦æ³o¹D©R¥O¡G - - <screen>&prompt.user; 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