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authorLi-Wen Hsu <lwhsu@FreeBSD.org>2014-05-29 16:48:07 +0000
committerLi-Wen Hsu <lwhsu@FreeBSD.org>2014-05-29 16:48:07 +0000
commit163ba6b752e2d1b900f88ba29324ed5998b14551 (patch)
tree3010592efec60252103b5e76eab918b0491bb533
parent536050cea8f16998f8fbddf6b4aff8469e149ec0 (diff)
downloaddoc-163ba6b752e2d1b900f88ba29324ed5998b14551.tar.gz
doc-163ba6b752e2d1b900f88ba29324ed5998b14551.zip
Convert zh_TW from Big5 to UTF-8.
Approved by: bcr
Notes
Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=44974
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-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/Makefile.inc (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/Makefile.inc)0
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/about.xml99
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/applications.xml129
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/art.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/art.xml)62
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/availability.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/availability.xml)15
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/community.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/community.xml)14
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/developers.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/developers.xml)38
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/doc/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/doc/Makefile)0
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/docs.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/docs.xml)10
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/docs/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/docs/Makefile)0
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/docs/books.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/docs/books.xml)228
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/docs/webresources.xml111
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/index.xsl (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/index.xsl)82
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/Makefile)0
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/Makefile.inc (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/Makefile.inc)0
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/css/Makefile (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/css/Makefile)0
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/css/fixed.css (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/css/fixed.css)0
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/css/fixed_large.css (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/css/fixed_large.css)0
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/css/global.css (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/css/global.css)0
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/css/layout.css (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/css/layout.css)0
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/css/navigation.css (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/css/navigation.css)0
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/layout/css/text.css (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/layout/css/text.css)0
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/logo.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/logo.xml)60
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/send-pr.xml162
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/support.xml40
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/htdocs/where.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/htdocs/where.xml)208
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/authors.ent94
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/catalog.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/catalog.xml)0
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/entities.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/entities.ent)0
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/freebsd-dblatex.xsl (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/freebsd-dblatex.xsl)0
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/freebsd-fo.xsl (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/freebsd-fo.xsl)12
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/freebsd-xhtml.xsl (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/freebsd-xhtml.xsl)16
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/glossary.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/glossary.ent)46
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/header.l10n.ent41
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/l10n.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/l10n.ent)18
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/libcommon.xsl (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/libcommon.xsl)68
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/mailing-lists.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/mailing-lists.ent)198
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/navibar.l10n.ent167
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/news.xml2579
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/press.xml (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/press.xml)308
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/release.l10n.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/release.l10n.ent)62
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/trademarks.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/trademarks.ent)174
-rw-r--r--zh_TW.UTF-8/share/xml/urls.ent (renamed from zh_TW.Big5/share/xml/urls.ent)4
215 files changed, 31674 insertions, 31673 deletions
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index a1379b792b..fe941a2e57 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ SUBDIR+= ru_RU.KOI8-R
SUBDIR+= sr_YU.ISO8859-2
SUBDIR+= tr_TR.ISO8859-9
SUBDIR+= zh_CN.UTF-8
-SUBDIR+= zh_TW.Big5
+SUBDIR+= zh_TW.UTF-8
.endif
SUBDIR+= share
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml
index b1a481b5b6..fb553bc60d 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml
@@ -792,9 +792,9 @@
</row>
<row>
- <entry><literal>zh_TW.Big5</literal></entry>
+ <entry><literal>zh_TW.UTF-8</literal></entry>
- <entry>Traditional Chinese (Taiwan, Big5
+ <entry>Traditional Chinese (Taiwan, UTF-8
encoding)</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/structure/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/structure/chapter.xml
index ee20be4d81..9d0635be5d 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/structure/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/structure/chapter.xml
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
<entry>One directory exists for each available translation
and encoding of the documentation, for example
<filename>en_US.ISO8859-1/</filename>
- and <filename>zh_TW.Big5/</filename>.
+ and <filename>zh_TW.UTF-8/</filename>.
The names are long, but by fully specifying the language
and encoding we prevent any future headaches when a
translation team wants to provide documentation in the
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/Makefile b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/Makefile
index 85ec9a80b7..3f4bed8bbb 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/Makefile
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/Makefile
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ WEB_LANG= da_DK.ISO8859-1 \
pt_BR.ISO8859-1 \
ru_RU.KOI8-R \
zh_CN.UTF-8 \
- zh_TW.Big5
+ zh_TW.UTF-8
.endif
.if !defined(ENGLISH_ONLY) || empty(ENGLISH_ONLY)
.for _D in ${WEB_LANG}
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/Makefile.inc b/zh_TW.Big5/articles/Makefile.inc
deleted file mode 100644
index 748b0b8f6c..0000000000
--- a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/Makefile.inc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#
-# $FreeBSD$
-#
-
-DESTDIR?= ${DOCDIR}/zh_TW.Big5/articles/${.CURDIR:T}
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/contributing/article.xml b/zh_TW.Big5/articles/contributing/article.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index b5ff35f1e8..0000000000
--- a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/contributing/article.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,465 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="big5"?>
-<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN"
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/share/xml/freebsd50.dtd">
-<!--
- The FreeBSD Documentation Project
- The FreeBSD Chinese (Traditional) Documentation Project
-
- Original Revision: 1.506
- Chased Revision: 1.508
--->
-<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="zh_tw">
- <info><title>À°§U FreeBSD</title>
-
-
- <abstract>
- <para>µL½×¬O­Ó¤H©Î¬O¦UºØ²Õ´¡A¦pªG§Æ±æ¬° FreeBSD ´£¨ÑÀ°§U¡A³£¥i¥H¦b¥»¤å¤¤§ä¨ì¦X¾Aªº¤èªk¡C</para>
- </abstract>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author><personname><firstname>Jordan</firstname><surname>Hubbard</surname></personname><contrib>­ìµÛ¡G </contrib></author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
- &tm-attrib.freebsd;
- &tm-attrib.ieee;
- &tm-attrib.general;
- </legalnotice>
-
- <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
-
- <releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>
-
- </info>
-
- <indexterm><primary>°^Äm</primary></indexterm>
-
- <para>§A§Æ±æ´À FreeBSD °µÂI¤°»ò¶Ü¡H¤Ó¦n¤F¡A§Ú­ÌÅwªï§A¡CFreeBSD
- ¥¿¬O¦³¿à©ó¼s¤j¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº°^Äm¤~±o¥Hµo®i§§¤jªº¡C§Ú­Ì¤£¶È«D±`·PÁ±z©Ò°µªº°^Äm¡A¦Ó¥B¡A³o¨Ç¤u§@¹ï©ó FreeBSD ªº«ùÄòµo®i¤]¦ÜÃö­«­n¡C</para>
-
-
- <para>¤]³\»P±z·Q¹³ªº¤£¦P¡A±z¬J¤£¥²±o¬O¤@¦W¥X¦âªº Programmer¡A¤]µL¶·©M
- FreeBSD core team ¦¨­û¦³«Ü¦nªº¨p¥æ¡A§Ú­Ì·|¤@µø¦P¤¯ªº¹ï«Ý±zªº¤u§@¡C
- FreeBSD ªº¶}µo¤H­û¹M¥¬¥þ²y¡A¤j®a§Þ³N±Mªø¦U²§¡A¦~ÄÖ¤À¥¬¤]«D±`¼sªx¡C
- µM¦Ó¡A¨C¤Ñ§Ú­Ì³£¦b­±¹ï«ùÄò¼W¥[ªº¤u§@¡A¦Ó­W©ó¨S¦³¨¬°÷ªº¤H¤â¡A¦]¦¹§Ú­ÌÀH®ÉÅwªï±zªºÀ°§U¡C</para>
-
- <para>FreeBSD ­p¹º©Ò³B²zªº¬O¤@­Ó§¹¾ãªº§@·~¨t²ÎÀô¹Ò¡A¦Ó¤£¥u¬O¤@­Ó kernel ©Î¬O¤@¨Ç¹s´²ªº¤u¨ã¥]¡C
- ¦]¦¹¡A§Ú­Ìªº <filename>TODO</filename> «Ý¿ì¥ô°È¦Cªí¸Ì¥]§t¦U¦¡¦U¼Ëªº¤u§@¡G
- ±q¤å¥ó¡B¨Ï¥ÎªÌ´ú¸Õ¡Bdemo¡A¨ì¨t²Î¦w¸Ëµ{¦¡©M§ó±M·~ªº kernel ¶}µo¡C
- ¦]¦¹µL½×±zªº§Þ³N¤ô·Ç¦p¦ó¡A±q¨Æ¦óºØ»â°ì¡A³£¥i¥HÀ°§U³o­Ó­p¹º¡C</para>
-
- <para>§Ú­Ì¹ªÀy±q¨Æ©M FreeBSD ¬ÛÃö¤u§@ªº¥ø·~©M§Ú­ÌÁpô¡C
- ±z»Ý­n¤@¨Ç¯S®íªºÂX®i¨Ó¨Ï±zªº²£«~¹BÂà°_¨Ó¶Ü¡H
- ±z·|µo²{§Ú­Ì«Ü¼Ö·NµªÀ³±zªº½Ð¨D¡A°£«D¬O¯S§Oµ}©_¥j©Çªº¡C
- ±z¬O§_¥¿±q¨Æ¬ÛÃöªº¼W­È·~°È¡H Åý§Ú­Ì¨ÓÀ°§U±z§a¡A
- §Ú­Ì¤]³\¥i¥H¦b¬Y¨Ç¤è­±¬Û¤¬¦X§@¡C
- ¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé¬É¥¿¦b§V¤O¥´¯}¦³ªº®Ø®Ø(¹³¬OÃö©ó³nÅé¶}µo¡B¾P°â©MºûÅ@)¡A
- §Ú­Ì§Æ±æÀµ½Ð±z¦Ü¤Ö¯àµ¹¥¦¤@¦¸¾÷·|¡C</para>
-
- <sect1 xml:id="contrib-what">
- <title>§Ú­Ìªº»Ý¨D</title>
-
- <para>¤U­±¦C¥X¤F¤@¨Ç»Ý­n§¹¦¨ªº¥ô°È©M¤l­p¹º¡A
- ¥¦­Ì¥Nªí <filename>TODO</filename>(«Ý¿ì¥ô°È¦Cªí)
- ¦Cªíªº·N«ä¡A¥H¤Î¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº­n¨D¡C</para>
-
- <sect2 xml:id="non-programmer-tasks">
- <title>¥¿¦b¶i¦æ¤¤ªº¥ô°È(«Dµ{¦¡¶}µo¤H­û)</title>
-
- <para>«Ü¦h°Ñ¥[ FreeBSD ­p¹ºªº¤H¤£¬O Programmer¡C
- ³o­Ó­p¹º¸Ì¦³¤å¥ó¼¶¼gªÌ¡Bºô­¶³]­p®v¡B¥H¤Î§Þ³N¤ä´©¤H­û¡C
- ¹ï©ó³o¨Ç¸q¤u¨Ó»¡¡A¥L­Ì¥u»Ý­n°^Äm¤@¨Ç®É¶¡¡A¨Ã¥B¨ã¦³¾Ç²ßªº·NÄ@¡C</para>
-
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>±z¥i¥H®É±`½¾\ FAQ ©M¤â¥U(Handbook)
- ¡A¦pªGµo²{¦³¸ÑÄÀ¤£²M·¡ªº¦a¤è¡A©Î¬O¤£¦X®É©yªº¤å¥ó¡A¬Æ¦Ü§¹¥þ¤£¥¿½Tªº¦a¤è¡A
- ³£½Ð§i¶D§Ú­Ì¡C·íµM¡A­Y¯à¶¶¤â§â¥L­Ì­×¥¿¡A¨Ã§â°É»~±Hµ¹§Ú­Ì¡A¨º´N§ó¦n¤F¡C:)
- (SGML ¨ä¹ê¨Ã¤£Ãø¾Ç¡A¦ý§Ú­Ì¤]¤£¤Ï¹ï±zª½±µ´£¥æ¤@¯ë ASCII ªº¯Â¤å¦rª©¥»)¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>À°§U§Ú­Ì§â FreeBSD ¤å¥ó½Ķ¦¨§Aªº¥À»y¡C
- ¦pªG§Aªº¥À»yª©¥»¤w¸g¦s¦b¤F¡A
- ¤]¥i¥H½Ķ¤@¨ÇÃB¥~ªº¤å¥ó¡A©ÎªÌÀˬd¨º¨Ç¤w¦³ªº¤å¥ó¬O§_¬°³Ì·sª©¡C
- ±z¥i¥H¥ý²³æ¬Ý¬Ý FreeBSD ¤å¥ó­p¹º¤¤¦³Ãö <link xlink:href="&url.books.fdp-primer;/translations.html">½Ķ®Éªº±`¨£°ÝÃD</link>¡C
- °Ñ¥[½Ķ¤u§@¡A¨Ã¤£¬O»¡±z­n©t­x¾Ä¾Ô½Ķ©Ò¦³ FreeBSD ¤å¥ó¡C
- ¨­¬°¸q¤u¡A­n°µ¦h¤Ö¤u§@§¹¥þ¨ú¨M©ó±zªº·NÄ@¡C¤@¥¹¬Y­Ó¤H¶}©l½Ķ¤F¡A
- ¤§«á´X¥G¤@©w·|¦³¨ä¥L¤H°Ñ»P¨ì³o¨Ç¤u§@¤¤¨Ó¡C
- ¦pªG®É¶¡¦³­­¡A©ÎªÌºë¤O¤£°÷¥h½Ķ¾ã¥÷¤å¥ó¡A¨º¥i¥H­º¥ý¥h½Ķ¦w¸Ë«ü«n¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¾\Ū &a.questions; ¨Ã°¸º¸Â½¾\(¬Æ¦Ü¦³³W«ß¦a³o¼Ë°µ) &ng.misc;
- ¡C»P§O¤H¤À¨É±zªº±M·~ª¾ÃÑ¡A
- ¨ÃÀ°§U¥L­Ì¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃD¡A¬O¥ó¥O¤H´r®®ªº¨Æ±¡¡F
- ¦³®É­Ô¡A±z¬Æ¦Ü¥i¥H¦b³o­Ó¹Lµ{¤¤¾Ç¨ì¤@¨Ç·sªF¦è¡I
- ³o¨Ç½×¾Â¦³®É¤]·|¬°±z¿Eµo¥X¤@¨Ç¤£¿ùªº·Qªk¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 xml:id="ongoing-programmer-tasks">
- <title>¥¿¦b¶i¦æ¤¤ªº¥ô°È(µ{¦¡¶}µo¤H­û)</title>
- <para>¦C¦b³o¸Ìªº¤j³¡¤À¥ô°È³£»Ý­n±z§ë¤J¥iÆ[ªº®É¶¡¡A©ÎªÌ»Ý­n±z¦b FreeBSD kernel
- ¤è­±¦³Â×´Iªºª¾ÃÑ¡A©ÎªÌ¨âªÌ³£­n¡C·íµM³o¸Ì¤]¦³«Ü¦h­«­nªº¥ô°È¡A¾A¦X¹³¬O
- <quote>weekend hackers</quote> ³oÃþ¥u¥Î¶g¥½´N¥i¥H·d©wªº Hacker¡C</para>
-
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>¦pªG±z¥¿¦b¶]ªº¬O FreeBSD -CURRENT ª©¥»¡A¨Ã¥Bºô¸ô³t«×ÁÙ¤£¿ù¡A
- ¨º»ò¥i¥H¨ì <systemitem class="fqdomainname">current.FreeBSD.org</systemitem>¡A
- ³o¥x¨C¤Ñ·|¦³¤@­Ó·sª©¥» &mdash; ¦pªG±z¦³ªÅ¡A
- ±z¥i¥H¤T¤£¤­®É¤U¸ü¨Ã¦w¸Ë¡A
- ¨ä¶¡¦pªG¥X¤F¤°»ò°ÝÃD¡A½Ð§i¶D§Ú­Ì¡C</para>
- </listitem>
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- <listitem>
- <para>¾\Ū &a.bugs;¡C³o¨Ç°ÝÃD¡A©Î³\±z¯à´£¨Ñ¦³«Ø³]©Ê·N¸qªº·N¨£¡A
- ©ÎªÌÀ°¦£´ú¸Õ¤@¨Ç patch ¡C¦¹¥~¡A¬Æ¦Ü¥i¥H¹Á¸Õ­×¥¿¨ä¤¤ªº¤@¨Ç°ÝÃD¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¦pªG±zª¾¹D¦³¤@¨Ç­×¥¿¤w¸g¦b -CURRENT ¤W¦¨¥\¦a¨Ï¥Î¡A
- ¦ý¦b¸g¹L¤@¬q®É¶¡(³q±`¬O 2 ¶g¥ª¥k)¤§«á¡A¤´¥¼¦X¨Ö¨ì -STABLE
- (³o¨BÆJ´N¬O MFC -- Merged From Current)¡A¨º»ò¥i¥Hµ¹¬ÛÃöªº committer ¤H­ûµo«Ê§»ªªº´£¿ô«H¡C</para>
- </listitem>
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- <para>±N²Ä¤T¤è(3rd party)³nÅé¥[¤J¨ì­ì©l½X¤¤ªº
- <filename>src/contrib</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¡C</para>
- </listitem>
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- <listitem>
- <para>½T«O <filename>src/contrib</filename> ¤¤ªº­ì©l½X¬O³Ì·sªº¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>½sĶ­ì©l½X(©Î¬O³¡¤À­ì©l½X)®É¡A½Ð§ï¥Î§ó°ªªºÄµ§iµ¥¯Å(warning level)
- ¥H«K°»¿ù(debug)¥Î¡A¨Ã¦b§¹¦¨´ú¸Õ¡B½T»{¥¿±`§¹²¦¤§«á¡A²M°£³o¨Ç½sĶªºÄµ§iµ¥¯Å¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
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- <para>§ó·s¨º¨Ç¦b ports ¤¤¨Ï¥Î¹L®ÉªºªF¦è¡A
- ¨Ò¦p <function>gets()</function> ©Î¥]§t
- <filename>malloc.h</filename> ©Ò²£¥ÍªºÄµ§i¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¦pªG¦³¬° ports §@¤F¥ô¦ó­×¥¿¡A
- ½Ð°O±o±N±zªº patch µoµ¹­ì§@ªÌ (³o¼Ë¤U¦¸¤É¯Å®É¡A±zªº¤u§@·|Åܱo»´ÃP¤@¨Ç)¡C</para>
- </listitem>
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- <listitem>
- <para>¥ý¨ú±o¥¿¦¡ªº¼Ð·Ç¡A¦p &posix; ªº°Æ¥»¡C
- ¦b <link xlink:href="&url.base;/projects/c99/index.html">FreeBSD
- C99 &amp; POSIX ¼Ð·Ç¬Û®e­p¹º</link> ºô¯¸¤W¡A¥i¥H±o¨ì¬ÛÃöÃì±µ¡C
- ½Ð±N FreeBSD ªº¦æ¬°»P¤W­zªº¼Ð·Ç¶i¦æ¤ñ¸û¡A­Y©Ò±oµ²ªG»P C99 &amp; POSIX ¼Ð·Ç¤£¦Pªº¸Ü¡A
- ¯S§O¬O¨º¨Ç²Ó¸`¦a¤èªº·L¤p®t²§¡A½Ðµo¤@­ÓÃö©ó¥¦ªº PR (°ÝÃD³ø§i)¡C
- ¦pªG¥i¯à¡A½Ð«ü¥X¦p¦ó­×¥¿¥¦¡A¨ÃÀH PR ´£¥æ patch ¡C
- ¦pªG±z»{¬°¼Ð·Ç¦³°ÝÃD¡A½Ð¦V³o¨Ç³W®æ¼Ð·Çªº¬ÛÃö¹ÎÅé¡A½Ð¨D¹ï¨ä¶i¦æ­«·sªº¦Ò¼{¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¬°³o¥÷¦Cªí´£¨Ñ§ó¦h«ØÄ³¡I</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>¬d¾\¾ã­Ó PR ¸ê®Æ®w</title>
-
- <indexterm><primary>°ÝÃD³ø§i¸ê®Æ®w</primary></indexterm>
-
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi">FreeBSD
- PR ¦Cªí</link> ³o¸Ì·|Åã¥Ü¥Ø«e©Ò¦³ PR ªº°ÝÃDª¬ºA¡A¥H¤Î¥Ñ
- FreeBSD ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ´£¥æªº§ï¶i«ØÄ³¡C
- PR ¸ê®Æ®w¦P®É¥]¬A¤F¶}µo¤H­û©M«D¶}µo¤H­ûªº¥ô°È¡C
- ¬d¬Ý¨º¨Ç©|¥¼¸Ñ¨Mªº PR¡A¨Ã¬Ý¬Ý¬O§_¦³±z·P¿³½ìªº¥ô°È¡C
- ³o¨ä¤¤¥i¯à¦³¤@¨Ç¬O«D±`²³æªº°ÝÃD¡A¥u»Ý­n¬Ý¤@¬Ý¨Ã½T»{ PR ¬O¥¿½Tªº¡C
- ¥t¥~¤@¨Ç¥i¯à·|«D±`½ÆÂø¡A©ÎªÌ§¹¥þ¥¼ªþ¥ô¦ó­×¥¿¡C</para>
-
- <para>­º¥ý¬Ý¤@¬Ý¨º¨ÇÁÙ¨S¦³¤H±µ¤âªº PR¡C
- ¦pªG PR ¤w¸g¤À°tµ¹¤F¨ä¥¦¤H¡A¦ý¬Ý°_¨Ó¬O±z¯à°÷³B²zªº¡A
- ±z¥i¥H±H«Hµ¹¨º­Ó¤H¡A¨Ã¸ß°Ý±z¬O§_¥i¥H´£¨ÑÀ°§U &mdash;
- ¥L­Ì¥i¯à¤w¸g¦³¥i¨Ñ´ú¸Õªº patch ¡A©Î¦³¤@¨Ç¥i¨Ñ°Q½×ªº·N¨£¡C</para>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>¥Ñ <quote>Ideas</quote> ¤¤¿ï¤@¶µ</title>
-
- <para><link xlink:href="&url.base;/projects/ideas/">&os; list of
- projects and ideas for volunteers</link> ¦P¼Ë¦a¶}©ñµ¹¦³·NÄ@°Ñ»P
- &os; ­p¹ºªº¤H¡C
- ³o¥÷²M³æ±N«ùÄò¦a§ó·s¡A¦P®É´£¨Ñ¦U­Ó¶µ¥Øªº¸ê°Tµ¹©Ò¦³¤H
- ¡]¤£½×¬O§_¬°µ{¦¡³]­p¤H­û¡^¡C</para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 xml:id="contrib-how">
- <title>¦p¦ó´£¨ÑÀ°§U</title>
-
- <para>°ò¥»¤W¥i¥H¤À¬°¥H¤U 5 ºØ¤è¦¡¡G</para>
-
- <sect2 xml:id="contrib-general">
- <title>¿ù»~³ø§i©M·N¨£µoªí</title>
-
- <para>³q±`¡A<emphasis>¤@¯ë</emphasis>
- ªº§Þ³N·Qªk©M«ØÄ³À³¸Óµo¨ì &a.hackers;¡C
- ¦P¼Ë¦a¡A¹ï©ó³o¨ÇªF¦è¦³¿³½ìªº¤H (·íµM¡A
- ¥L­Ì¦P®ÉÁÙ­n¯à°÷®e§Ô <emphasis>¤j¶qªº</emphasis> ¶l¥ó¡I)
- ¥i¥H¦Ò¼{­q¾\ &a.hackers;¡C
- ½Ð°Ñ¾\ <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/eresources.html#ERESOURCES-MAIL">FreeBSD
- ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U</link> ¥H¤F¸ÑÃö©ó³o­Ó¶l»¼½×¾Â¡A
- ¥H¤Î¨ä¥¦¶l»¼½×¾Âªº¸Ô²Ó±¡ªp¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG±zµo²{¤F bug ©ÎªÌ·Q­n´£¥æ¬Y¨Ç­×§ï¡A
- ½Ð³z¹L &man.send-pr.1; µ{¦¡©Î¨Ï¥Î
- <link xlink:href="&url.base;/send-pr.html">ºô­¶¤¶­±
- ªº¦^³ø</link> ¨Ó´£¥æ¡C½Ð¸ÕµÛ¶ñ¼g PR ªº¨C­Ó¶µ¥Ø¡C
- ¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A°£«D patch ÀɶW¹L 65 KB¡A§Ú­Ì«ØÄ³¦b PR ¤¤ª½±µªþ¤W patch ´N¥i¥H¤F¡C
- ­Y¥iª½±µ®M¥Î patch ¨ì­ì©l½Xªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò«ØÄ³¦b PR ªº
- Synopsis Äæ¦ìµù©ú <literal>[PATCH]</literal>¡C
- ¹ï¤F¡A¦bªþ¤W patch ®É¡A½Ð <emphasis>¤£­n</emphasis>
- ³z¹L·Æ¹«ªº¡y½Æ»s¡B¶K¤W¡z¨Ó¶i¦æ¡A¦]¬°³o¼Ë°µ·|§â Tab Åܦ¨ªÅ®æ¡A
- ·|¾É­P patch ´N¤£¯à¥Î¤F¡C¦pªG patch ¶W¹L 20KB¡A
- ½Ð¦Ò¼{À£ÁY¥¦¨Ã¨Ï¥Î &man.uuencode.1; ¨Ó¶i¦æ½s½X¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦b¼g§¹ PR ¤§«á¡A±z·|¦¬¨ì¤@«Ê½T»{¶l¥ó¥H¤Î¨Æ¥ó°lÂܽs¸¹¡C
- ½Ð«O¯d³o­Ó½s¸¹¡A¦]¬°¨Æ«á¥i¥H¥Î³o½s¸¹µo«H¨ì &a.bugfollowup;
- ¨Ó¦^ÂСB´£¨ÑÃö©ó¸Ó¨Æ¥óªº«áÄò¸ê®Æ¡C±z»Ý­n°µªº¬O±N½s¸¹©ñ¨ì¶l¥óªº¼ÐÃD¤¤¡A
- ¨Ò¦p <literal>"Re:
- kern/3377"</literal>¡C
- ­Y¬O¦P¤@°ÝÃDªº¦^ÂФ譱¡AÀ³¸Ó³z¹L³oºØ¤è¦¡¨Ó¶i¦æ¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG±z¦b¤@¬q®É¶¡ (¶W¹L 3 ¤Ñ¬Æ¦Ü 1 ¶g¡A³o¨ú¨M©ó±zªº¶l¥óªA°È)¤§«á¤´µM¨S¦³¦¬¨ì½T»{«H
- ©ÎªÌ¥Ñ©ó¤@¨Ç­ì¦]µLªk¨Ï¥Î &man.send-pr.1; µ{¦¡¡A
- «h¥i¥Hµo«H¨ì &a.bugs; ¨Ó½Ð§O¤HÀ°§A¥N±H¡C</para>
-
- <para>½Ð°Ñ¾\ <link xlink:href="&url.articles.problem-reports;/article.html">³o½g¤å³¹</link>
- ¤F¸Ñ¦p¦ó¼¶¼g¦nªº°ÝÃD³ø§i¡C</para>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>¹ï©ó¤å¥óªº­×­q</title>
-
- <indexterm><primary>´£¥æ¤å¥ó</primary></indexterm>
-
- <para>¤å¥óªº­×§ï¤è­±¡A¬O¥Ñ &a.doc; ¨Ó¼f¬d¡C
- ½Ð°Ñ¾\ <link xlink:href="&url.books.fdp-primer;/index.html">FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer</link>
- ¨ÓÀò±o§¹¾ãªº±Ð¾Ç²Ó¸`¡C
- ½Ð«ö·Ó <xref linkend="contrib-general"/> ¤¤¤¶²Ðªº¤èªk¨Ï¥Î &man.send-pr.1;
- ¨Ó´£¥æ·sªº¤å¥ó¡A©ÎªÌ§ïµ½²{¦³ªº¤å¥ó (­þ©È¬O«Ü¤pªº§ï¶i¤]¬OÅwªïªº¡I)¡C</para>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>¹ï©ó²{¦³­ì©l½Xªº­×§ï</title>
-
- <indexterm><primary>FreeBSD-CURRENT</primary></indexterm>
-
- <para>¦b²{¦³­ì©l½X¤W¶i¦æ­×§ï©Î¼W¥[¥\¯à¡A¦b¬YºØµ{«×¤W¬O»Ý­n§ó¦h§Þ¥©ªº¨Æ¡A
- ¨Ã¥BÁÙ¸ò±z¹ï©ó¥Ø«e FreeBSD ªº¶}µo²{ª¬¤F¸Ñµ{«×¦³Ãö¡C
- ¦³¦hºØ¤è¦¡¥i¥H±o¨ì³QºÙ§@ <quote>FreeBSD-CURRENT</quote>
- ªº FreeBSD ¶}µoª©¥»¡C
- ½Ð°Ñ¾\ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥Uªº <link xlink:href=" &url.books.handbook;/current-stable.html">¬ÛÃö³¡¥÷</link> ¡A¨Ó¤F¸Ñ¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD-CURRENT ªº¸Ô±¡¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦bªº­ì©l½X¤W¶i¦æ­×§ï¡A«h³q±`¥i¯à­ì©l½X¤w¹L®É¡A
- ©Î»P·sªºª©¥»®t²§¤Ó¤j¦ÓµLªk³Q­«·s¾ã¦X¨ì FreeBSD ¤¤¡C
- ¦pªG±z¦³­q &a.announce; ¥H¤Î &a.current; ªº¸Ü¡A
- «h¥i¥H³z¹L¥¦­Ì¨Ó¤j­P¤F¸Ñ¥Ø«eªº¶}µoª¬ºA¡C</para>
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- <para>­Y±z¯à°÷¾¨¶q¥H³Ì·sªº­ì©l½X¨Ó¶i¦æ±zªº­×§ï¡A
- «h¤U¤@¨B­n°µªº¨Æ±¡´N¬O²£¥Í±z©Ò­×§ïªº diff ÀÉ¡A
- ¨Ã±N¥¦µoµ¹ FreeBSD ªººûÅ@¤H­û¡C³o¶µ¤u§@¥i¥H³z¹L &man.diff.1;
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- <para>´£¥æ patch ®É¡A«ØÄ³ &man.diff.1; ®æ¦¡±Ä¥Î unified diff (¥i¥H¥Î <command>diff
- -u</command> ¨Ó²£¥Í)¡C¤£¹L¡A¦pªG±z­×§ï¤F¤j¶qªº­ì©l½X¡A
- «h¨Ï¥Î <command>diff -c</command> ¨Ó¥Í¦¨ªº context diff
- ªº diff ¥i¯à§ó®e©ö¾\Ū¡A¦]¦Ó±ÀÂ˨ϥΡC¤@¯ë¦Ó¨¥¡A¤j³£¬O±Ä¥Î <command>diff -ruN</command> §Y¥i¡C</para>
-
- <indexterm>
- <primary><command>diff</command></primary>
- </indexterm>
-
- <para>¨Ò¦p¡G</para>
-
- <para>
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>diff -c oldfile newfile</userinput></screen>
-
- ©Î
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- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>diff -c -r olddir newdir</userinput></screen>
-
- ±N·|¹ï¯S©w¥Ø¿ý¡A²£¥Í context ªº diff ÀÉ¡C</para>
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- <para>©ÎªÌ¹³¬O...
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- ±N²£¥Í¤@¼Ëªº diff ¡A¦ý¬O®æ¦¡¬° unified ¡C</para>
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- <para>§ó¦hªº²Ó¸`³¡¥÷¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.diff.1;¡C</para>
-
- <para>¤@¥¹±z¨Ï¥Î &man.diff.1; ¨Ó²£¥Í diff ÀÉ (¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î
- &man.patch.1; ©R¥O¨Ó´ú¸Õ¤@¤U)¡A´N¥i¥H´£¥æ¥¦­Ì¡A¥H«K³Q FreeBSD ¦¬¿ý¡C
- ³z¹L¨Ï¥Î <xref linkend="contrib-general"/>
- ¤¤©Ò¤¶²Ðªº &man.send-pr.1; µ{¦¡´N¥i¥H§¹¦¨³o¶µ¤u§@¡C
- ½Ðª`·N¡G¤£­n¥u§â diff Àɵo¨ì &a.hackers;¡A
- §_«h¥¦­Ì¥i¯à·|³Q¿ò§Ñ¡I §Ú­Ì·|«D±`·P¿E±z´£¥æªº­×§ï
- (³o¬O¤@­Ó¸q¤u­p¹º¡I)¡F ¦]¬°§Ú­Ì³£«Ü¦£¡A
- ¦]¦¹¦³®É¤£¤@©w¯à°÷¥ß§Y­×¥¿°ÝÃD¡A¦ý PR ¸ê®Æ®w±N¤@ª½«O«ùµÛ³o¨Ç°O¿ý¡A
- ¦]¦¹¥u­n¦³¤H¦³¤F®É¶¡¥¦­Ì´N¯à³Q§ï¥¿¤F¡C
- ¦pªG±zªº°ÝÃD³ø§i¤¤¥]¬A patch ¡A¤£­n§Ñ¤F¦b¼ÐÃD¥[¤W
- <literal>[PATCH]</literal> ¨Ó±j½Õ¤@¤U¡C</para>
-
- <indexterm>
- <primary><command>uuencode</command></primary>
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- <para>¦pªG±z»{¬°¦X¾A (¨Ò¦p¼W¡B§RÀɮשΧó§ïÀɦW)¡A
- ÁÙ¥i¥H¦Ò¼{¨Ï¥Î
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- ¨Ó½s½X¡C¦¹¥~¡A¤]¥i¥H¥Î &man.shar.1; ²£¥Íªº¤è¦¡¡C</para>
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- <para>¦pªG±zªº­×§ï¥i¯à¦s¦b¼ç¦bªºª§Ä³¡A¨Ò¦p¡A
- ±z¤£½T©w¬ÛÃöªºª©Åv°ÝÃD¡A©ÎªÌ·Pı»Ý­n¸g¹L§óÄY®æªº´_¼f¤~¥i¥Hµo§G¥¦­Ì¡A
- «hÀ³ª½±µµoµ¹ &a.core;¡A¦Ó¤£¬O³z¹L &man.send-pr.1; ¨Óµo°e¡C
- &a.core; ³o¤p²Õ¦¨­û¤j¦h±q¨Æ FreeBSD ªº¤é±`¤u§@¡C
- »Ý­nª`·Nªº¬O¡A³o­Ó¤p²Õ¤]¦]¦¹¤Q¤À¦£¸L¡A
- ¦]¦¹¥u¦³¦b«D±`¥²­nªº®É­Ô¡A¤~À³¼g«Hµ¹¥L­Ì¡C</para>
-
- <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &man.intro.9; ©M &man.style.9; ¥H¤F¸ÑÃö©ó¼¶¼gµ{¦¡½Xªº­·®æ°¾¦n¡C
- ­Y¯à¦b°e¥X¬ÛÃöµ{¦¡½X¤§«e¡A¥ý¤F¸Ñ³o¨Ç¡A¨º¹ï¤j®a¨Ó»¡±N¬O·¥¤jªºÀ°§U¡C</para>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>·s­ì©l½X©Î­«­nªº¥[­È³nÅé¥]</title>
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- <para>¦pªG±z¥´ºâ´£¨Ñ³W¼Ò¸û¤jªº­ì©l½X¡A©ÎªÌ¬° FreeBSD ¼W¥[­«­nªº·s¥\¯à¡A
- «h¥i¯à¥²¶·±N¥¦­Ì³z¹L uuencode ¶i¦æ½s½X¡A©Î¶Ç¨ì¬Y­Ó Web ©Î
- FTP ¯¸ÂI¡A¥H«K§ó¦hªº¤H¯à°÷±o¨ì¥¦¡C¦pªG±z¨S¦³³o¼Ëªº¥D¾÷¡A
- ½Ð¨ì¬ÛÃöªº FreeBSD ¶l»¼½×¾Â´£¥X¡A¬Ý¬Ý¬O§_¦³¤HÄ@·NÀ°±z©ñ¸m¥¦­Ì¡C</para>
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- <para>¹ï©ó¤j¶qªº­ì©l½X¦Ó¨¥¡AÃö©óª©Åvªº°ÝÃDªÖ©w·|³Q´£¥X¡C
- FreeBSD °ò¥»¨t²Î¤¤¯à°÷¨Ï¥Îªºª©ÅvÁn©ú¥]¬A¡G</para>
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- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>BSD<indexterm><primary>BSD ª©ÅvÁn©ú</primary></indexterm> ª©Åv¡C§Ú­Ì¶É¦V©ó¨Ï¥Î³oÃþ±ÂÅvªº­ì©l½X¡A
- ¦]¬°¥¦¡y¤£ªþ¥[¦h¾lªº±ø¥ó¡z¡A¦]¦Ó§ó¯à°÷§l¤Þ°Ó·~¥ø·~¨Ï¥Î¡C
- FreeBSD ¨Ã¤£¤Ï¹ï°Ó·~¤½¥q¨Ï¥Î¥¦ªº­ì©l½X¡A¬Û¤Ï¡A
- §Ú­Ì¿n·¥¦a¹ªÀy°Ó·~¤½¥q¨Ï¥Î§Ú­Ìªº­ì©l½X¡A
- ·íµM¡A¦pªG¥¦­Ì­Y³Ì²×¯à§â³¡¤À­ì©l½X¡A­«·s®½Ãص¹ FreeBSD ´N§ó¦n¤F¡C</para>
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- <para>GNU General Public License¡A©Î²ºÙ <quote>GPL</quote>¡C<indexterm><primary>GPL</primary><see>GNU General Public License</see></indexterm><indexterm><primary>GNU General Public License</primary></indexterm>
- §Ú­Ì¨Ã¤£«ÜÅwªï¨Ï¥Î³o¼Ë±ÂÅvªº­ì©l½X¡A
- ¦]¬°°Ó·~¤½¥q¨Ï¥Î¥¦»Ý­n°µ§ó¦hªº¤u§@¡C¤£¹L¡A¥Ñ©ó«Ü¦h¨Ï¥Î
- GPL ±ÂÅvªº­ì©l½X¥Ø«e¬OµLªkÁ×§Kªº (compiler, assembler, text formatterµ¥µ¥)
- ¡A©Úµ´¨Ï¥Î©Ò¦³±Ä¥Î³o¼Ë±ÂÅvªº³nÅé¬O«Ü¤£©ú´¼ªº¡C
- ±Ä¥Î GPL ±ÂÅvªº­ì©l½X·|³Q©ñ¨ì­ì©l½Xªº¤@¨Ç¯S©wªº¦ì¸m¡A¨Ò¦p
- <filename>/sys/gnu</filename> ©Î
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- ¥i¯à·|³y¦¨³Â·Ðªº¤H¯à°÷§@¥X¾A·íªº§PÂ_¡C</para>
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- <para>¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥¦±ÂÅvªº­ì©l½X¦b¶i¤J FreeBSD ¤§«e¥²¶·¸g¹L·V­«ªº´_¼f©M¦Ò¼{¡C
- ±Ä¥Î¥]§tÄY¼F­­¨îªº°Ó·~±ÂÅvªº­ì©l½X¡A¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡·|³Q©Úµ´¡A
- ¦ý§Ú­Ì¹ªÀy³o¨Ç­ì©l½Xªº§@ªÌ¡A³z¹L¦Û¤vªººÞ¹D¨Óµo¥¬¥¦­Ì¡C</para>
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- <para>­Y­n¦b±zªº¦¨ªG¤W¥[¤J <quote>BSD-based</quote> ª©Åvªº¸Ü¡A
- ½Ð§â¤U¦C¤å¦r©ñ¨ì¨C¥÷­ì©l½Xªº³Ì¶}©l³¡¤À¡A
- ¨Ã¥Î¾A·íªº¤å¦r´À´« <literal>%%</literal> ¤§¶¡ªº¤å¦r¡C</para>
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- <programlisting>Copyright (c) %%proper_years_here%%
- %%your_name_here%%, %%your_state%% %%your_zip%%.
- All rights reserved.
-
-Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-are met:
-1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as
- the first lines of this file unmodified.
-2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-
-THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY %%your_name_here%% ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
-OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
-IN NO EVENT SHALL %%your_name_here%% BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
-INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
-NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
-THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
- &#36;Id&#36;</programlisting>
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- <para>¬°¤F¤è«K±zªº¨Ï¥Î¡A¦b
- <filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/bsd-style-copyright</filename>
- ¤]¥i¥H§ä¨ì¦¹±ÂÅvªº°Æ¥»¡C</para>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>ÃÙ§U¸êª÷¡BµwÅé©Î Internet mirror</title>
-
- <para>§Ú­Ì«D±`Ä@·N±µ¨ü¦UºØ§Î¦¡ªº®½ÃØ¡A¥H¶i¤@¨B©Ý®i FreeBSD ­p¹º
- ¡A¦]¬°¦³±zªº¤ä«ù¡A¹³§Ú­Ì³o¼Ëªº¸q¤u§V¤O¤~¯à°÷¦³§ó¤jªº¦¨´N¡I
- ®½ÃصwÅé¤]«D±`­«­n¡A¦]¬°³o¼Ë¯à°÷À°§U§Ú­Ì¼W¥[¥i¤ä´©ªºµwÅéºØÃþ¡A
- ¦Ó§Ú­Ì¤¤ªº«Ü¦h¤H¨Ã¨S¦³¨¬°÷ªº¸êª÷¨ÓÁʸm³o¨ÇµwÅé¡C</para>
-
- <sect3 xml:id="donations">
- <title>®½´Ú</title>
-
- <para>FreeBSD °òª÷·|¬O¤@­Ó«DÀç§Qªº¡B¦³½Òµ|ÁŧKÅvªº°òª÷·|¡A
- ¤§©Ò¥H·|«Ø¥ß³o­Ó°òª÷·|¡A¬O¬°¤FÅý FreeBSD ­p¹º¯à°÷¥iªø¥i¤[¡C
- ¦]¬°¸Ó°òª÷·|ÄÝ 501(c)3 ¹êÅé¡A¤@¯ë¦Ó¨¥®½´Úµ¹°òª÷·|ªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H§Kú¬ü°êÁp¨¹¦¬¤Jµ|¡A
- ¥H¤Î¬ìù©Ô¦h¦{¦¬¤Jµ|¡C³q±`¹ï©ó¦³½Òµ|ÁŧKÅvªº¹êÅé¶i¦æ®½Ãتº¸Ü¡A
- ¥i¥H§é©èÁp¨¹¦¬¤J¤¤À³½Òµ|³¡¤Àªºª÷ÃB¡C</para>
-
- <para>±z¥i¥H§â¤ä²¼±H©¹¡G
- <address>
- The FreeBSD Foundation
- <street>7321 Brockway Dr.</street>
- <city>Boulder</city>, <state>CO</state> <postcode>80303</postcode>
- <country>USA</country>
- </address>
- </para>
-
- <para>FreeBSD °òª÷·|²{¦b¥i¥H³z¹L PayPal ±qºô¤W±µ¨ü®½´Ú¡C
- ¦pªG±z·Q¦V°òª÷·|®½´Ú¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <link xlink:href="http://www.freebsdfoundation.org">FreeBSD °òª÷·|</link> ºô¯¸¡C</para>
-
- <para>Ãö©ó FreeBSD °òª÷·|ªº§ó¦h¸Ô±¡¡A¥i¥H¦b <link xlink:href="http://people.FreeBSD.org/~jdp/foundation/announcement.html">FreeBSD
- °òª÷·| -- ¤¶²Ð</link> §ä¨ì¡C­nÁpµ¸°òª÷·|¡A
- ½Ðµo°e¹q¤l¶l¥ó¨ì
- <email>bod@FreeBSDFoundation.org</email>¡C</para>
- </sect3>
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- <sect3>
- <title>®½ÃصwÅé</title>
- <indexterm><primary>®½ÃØ</primary></indexterm>
-
- <para>FreeBSD ­p¹ºÅwªï¥ô¦ó¤H®½ÃØ¥i¥H¨Ï¥ÎªºµwÅé¡C
- ¦pªG±z¦³¿³½ì®½ÃصwÅé¡A½ÐÁpô <link xlink:href="&url.base;/donations/">®½ÃØÁpµ¸¤H¿ì¤½«Ç</link>¡C</para>
- </sect3>
-
- <sect3>
- <title>¦¨¬° FreeBSD mirror ªººô¯¸</title>
-
- <para>§Ú­ÌÅwªï·sªº FTP¡BWWW ©Î
- <command>cvsup</command> mirror ¯¸¡C¦pªG±z§Æ±æ¦¨¬°³o¼Ëªº mirror ¯¸¡A
- ½Ð°Ñ¾\ <link xlink:href="&url.articles.hubs;/index.html">¦p¦ó¬[³] FreeBSD mirror</link>
- ¤@¤å¡A¥H¤F¸Ñ¶i¤@¨Bªº±¡ªp¡C</para>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <index/>
-</article>
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/cvs-freebsd/article.xml b/zh_TW.Big5/articles/cvs-freebsd/article.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index e11bef3a62..0000000000
--- a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/cvs-freebsd/article.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,570 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="big5"?>
-<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN"
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/share/xml/freebsd50.dtd">
-<!-- $FreeBSD$ -->
-<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
-<!-- Setting up a CVS repository - the FreeBSD way -->
-<!-- Translate into Chinese by jose@jose.idv.tw -->
-<!-- English Version: 1.15 -->
-<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="zh_tw">
- <info><title>«Ø¥ß CVS Àx¦s®w(repository) - ¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD ªº¤è¦¡</title>
-
-
- <author><personname><firstname>Stijn</firstname><surname>Hoop</surname></personname><affiliation>
- <address><email>stijn@win.tue.nl</email></address>
- </affiliation></author>
-
- <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2001</year>
- <year>2002</year>
- <year>2003</year>
- <holder role="mailto:stijn@win.tue.nl">Stijn Hoop</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>
-
- <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
- &tm-attrib.freebsd;
- &tm-attrib.general;
- </legalnotice>
-
- <abstract>
- <para>³o¥÷¤å¥ó´y­z¤F¨Ï¥Î©M FreeBSD ±M®×¬Û¦Pªº©R¥O½Z¨Ó«Ø¥ß CVS Àx¦s®wªº¨BÆJ
- ¡C³o©M¼Ð·Ç CVS «Ø¥ßªºÀx¦s®w¬Û¸û¤§¤U¦³³\¦hÀuÂI¡A¥]§t¤F§ó¦h¹ï©ó­ì©l½X¾ðªº
- granular access ±±¨î¡A¥H¤Î¬°¨C¤@¦¸ªº´£¥æ²£¥Í©öŪªº¹q¤l¶l¥ó¡C</para>
- </abstract>
- </info>
-
- <sect1 xml:id="introduction">
- <title>²¤¶</title>
-
- <para>¤j¦h¼Æªº¶}©ñ­ì©l½X³nÅé±M®×³£¨Ï¥Î <application>CVS</application> §@¬°
- ¥L­Ìªº­ì©l½X±±¨î¨t²Î¡C·í <application>CVS</application> ¦³³o¼ËªºÀuÂI¦s¦b
- ®É¡A¥¦¤]¦³³¡¥÷ªº·å²«©M¯ÊÂI¡C¨ä¤¤¤§¤@ªº­ì¦]¬O©M¨ä¥Lªº¶}µoªÌ¤À¨É­ì©l½X¾ð¯à
- °÷§Ö³t¦a¾É­P¨t²ÎºÞ²zªº´c¹Ú¡A¯S§O¬O¦pªG¨ä¤¤¤@¤H§Æ±æ«OÅ@³¡¥÷ªº­ì©l½X¾ð§K¨ü
- ©ó¤@¯ëªº¦s¨ú¡C</para>
-
- <para>FreeBSD ¬O¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó¨Ï¥Î <application>CVS</application> ªº±M®×¡A¦P®É¤]
- ¬O°ò©ó¥¦ªº¶}µoªÌ¹M§G©ó¥þ¥@¬É¡C¥L­Ì¼¶¼g¤F¤@¨Ç©R¥O½Z¨Ï±oºÞ²zÀx¦s®wÅܱo§ó¥[
- ®e©ö¡C³Ìªñ³o¨Ç©R¥O½Z¥Ñ &a.joe; ­«·s¾ã²z¹L¥B§ó¼Ð·Ç¤Æ¡A¨Ï±o¦b¨ä¥Lªº±M®×¤W¦A
- ¦¸¨Ï¥Î³o¨Ç©R¥O½Z·|§ó¥[®e©ö¡C¥»¤å¥ó±N´y­z¨Ï¥Î³o¨Ç·sªº©R¥O½Zªº¤èªk¡C</para>
-
- <para>¬°¤F¨Ï¥»¤å¥ó¤¤ªº°T®§¦³¥Î¡A§A»Ý­n¼ô±x <application>CVS</application>
- °ò¥»ªº¾Þ§@¤è¦¡¡C</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 xml:id="first-setup">
- <title>°ò¥»³]©w</title>
-
- <warning>
- <para>³Ì¦nªº¤è¦¡¬O¦b¤@­Ó¥þ·sªºÀx¦s®w¤¤°õ¦æ³o¨Ç¨BÆJ¡A¨Ã½T©w§A¤F¸Ñ©Ò¦³ªº«á
- ªG¡C¦P®É¡A½Ð½T©w§A¦³³Ì·s¥B¥iŪªº¸ê®Æ³Æ¥÷¡I</para>
- </warning>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>ªì©l¤ÆÀx¦s®w</title>
-
- <para>­º¥ý­n°µªº¬O«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó·sªºÀx¦s®w¡A°õ¦æ¤U¦C©R¥O§i¶D
- <application>CVS</application> «Ø¥ß¨Ãªì©l¤Æ¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cvs -d path-to-repository init</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>³o©R¥O§i¶D <application>CVS</application> «Ø¥ß
- <filename>CVSROOT</filename> ªº¥Ø¿ý¡A³o­Ó¥Ø¿ý¸Ì©ñ¸m¤F©Ò¦³ªº²ÕºAÀÉ¡C</para>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>³]©wÀx¦s®wªº¸s²Õ</title>
-
- <para>²{¦b§Ú­Ì±N«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó¾Ö¦³¸ÓÀx¦s®wªº¸s²Õ¡A©Ò¦³ªº¶}µoªÌ¥²¶·¥[¤J³o­Ó¸s²Õ
- ¡A³o¼Ë¥L­Ì¤~¯à°÷¦s¨ú¸ÓÀx¦s®w¡C§Ú­Ì°²³]¸s²Õ¦WºÙ¬O¥H FreeBSD ¤º©wªº
- <literal>ncvs</literal>¡C</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pw groupadd ncvs</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>±µªÌ§A»Ý­n¨Ï¥Î &man.chown.8; ±N¥Ø¿ý©Ò¦³ªÌ«ü©wµ¹­è­è·s¼Wªº¸s²Õ¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chown -R :ncvs path-to-your-repository</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¨S¦³¾A·íªº¸s²Õ³\¥i±N¨S¦³¨ä¥L¤H¥i¥H¼g¤J¸ÓÀx¦s®w¡C</para>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>¨ú¦^­ì©lÀÉ®×</title>
-
- <para>²{¦b§A»Ý­n±q FreeBSD Àx¦s®w¤¤¨ú¦^ <filename>CVSROOT</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¡A
- ±q FreeBSD °Î¦Wªº CVS ¬M®g¯¸¨Ó¨ú¦^·|¬O³Ì²³æªº¤èªk¡C½Ð¬d¾\ <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/anoncvs.html">¦b handbook ¤¤ªº¬ÛÃö³¹¸`</link>¨Ó
- Àò±o§ó¦h¸ê°T¡C§Ú­Ì°²³]¨ú¦^ªºÀɮצs©ñ¦b¬Û¦P¥Ø¿ý¤Uªº
- <filename>CVSROOT-freebsd</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤¤¡C</para>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>½Æ»s FreeBSD ªº©R¥O½Z</title>
-
- <para>±µ¤U¨Ó§Ú­Ì­n½Æ»s FreeBSD <filename>CVSROOT</filename> ¸ÌªºÀɮרì§A
- ªºÀx¦s®w¤¤¡C¦pªG§A¬O±E±x©ó <application>CVS</application>¡A§A¤]³\·|·Q§A
- ¥i¥Hª½±µ¶×¤J³o¨Ç©R¥O½Z¡A¸Õ¹Ï§ó®e©öªº¦P®É©M§ó·sªºª©¥»¦P¨B¡F¤£¹L¡A¨Æ¹ê¬O
- <application>CVS</application> ¦b³o­Ó³¡¥÷¦³¯ÊÂI¡G·í¶×¤JÀɮרì
- <filename>CVSROOT</filename> ®É¡A¥¦¨Ã¤£·|§ó·s²ÕºAÀÉ¡C¬°¤F­n»{¥X³o¨ÇÀÉ®×
- ¡A§AÁٻݭn¦b¶×¤J¥¦­Ì«á¤@¤@­«·s´£¥æ¡A³o´N¥¢¥h¤F
- <literal>cvs import</literal> ªº»ù­È¡C¦]¦¹¡A«ØÄ³ªº¤èªk¬O¶È½Æ»s³o¨Ç©R¥O
- ½Z¹L¥h¡C</para>
-
- <para>­Y¤W­z¤º®e¹ï§A¨S¦³·N¸q¬O¤£­«­nªº&mdash;¦]¬°³Ì«áªºµ²ªG³£¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡C
- ­º¥ý¶×¥X§Aªº <filename>CVSROOT</filename>¡AµM«á½Æ»s­è­è¨ú¦^ªº FreeBSD
- Àɮר쥻¦aªº¥Ø¿ý¤¤¡]©|¥¼ÅܰʹL¡^¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cvs -d path-to-your-repository checkout CVSROOT</userinput>
-&prompt.user; <userinput>cd CVSROOT</userinput>
-&prompt.user; <userinput>cp ../CVSROOT-freebsd/* .</userinput>
-&prompt.user; <userinput>cvs add *</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>ª`·N¡G§A«Ü¥i¯à·|±o¨ì¤@¬qÃö©ó¬Y¨Ç¥Ø¿ý¨S¦³³Q½Æ»sªºÄµ§i¡A³o¬O¥¿±`ªº¡A
- §A¨Ã¤£»Ý­n¥Î¨ì³o¨Ç¥Ø¿ý¡C</para>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>©R¥O½Z»¡©ú</title>
-
- <para>²{¦b§Aªº¤u§@¥Ø¿ý¤¤¦³¤F§¹¾ã FreeBSD ±M®×¦b¥¦­ÌªºÀx¦s®w¤¤¨Ï¥Îªº©R¥O½Z
- ªº½Æ¥»¡A¥H¤U¬O¨C­ÓÀɮײ³æªº¤¶²Ð¡C</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>access</filename> - ¦¹Àɮצb¹w³]ªº¦w¸Ë¤¤¨S¦³³Q¥Î¨ì¡C
- ³o¬O¨Ï¥Î¦b<link linkend="freebsdspecific">FreeBSD ªº¯S®í³]©w</link>¤¤
- ¡A¥Î¨Ó±±¨îÀx¦s®wªº¦s¨ú¡C¦pªG§A¤£§Æ±æ¨Ï¥Î³o­Ó³]©wªº¸Ü§A¥i¥H§R°£³o­ÓÀɮסC</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>avail</filename> - ¦¹ÀÉ®×±±¨îÀx¦s®wªº¦s¨ú¡C¦b¦¹Àɮפ¤
- §A¥i¥H«ü©w¤¹³\¦s¨úÀx¦s®wªº¸s²Õ¡A¤]¥i¥H°w¹ï¥Ø¿ý©ÎÀɮרөڵ´´£¥æ¡C§AÀ³¸Ó
- ½Õ¾ã¬°¦b§AªºÀx¦s®w¤¤±N¥]§tªº¸s²Õ©M¥Ø¿ý¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>cfg.pm</filename> - ¦¹ÀÉ®×»¡©ú¤F³]©w¤º®e¡A¨Ã´£¨Ñ¹w³]ªº³]©w¡C
- §A<emphasis>¤£</emphasis>¸Ó­×§ï¦¹ÀɮסA¦Ó¸Ó±N­×§ïªº³]©w©ñ¨ì
- <filename>cfg_local.pm</filename>¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>cfg_local.pm</filename> - ¦¹ÀÉ®×¥]§t©Ò¦³ªº¨t²Î³]©w­È
- ¡C§AÀ³¸Ó³]©w©Ò¦³¦C¦b¦¹ªº³]©w¡A¨Ò¦p´£¥æªº¶l¥ó­n±H¨ì­þ¡B¦b­þ¨Ç¥D¾÷¤W
- ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¥H´£¥æµ¥µ¥¡C§ó¦hªº¬ÛÃö¸ê°T¦bµy«á·|´£¨ì¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>checkoutlist</filename> - ¦¹ÀɮצC¥X©Ò¦³¦b
- <application>CVS</application> ±±¨î¤U¦¹¥Ø¿ý¤¤ªºÀɮסA°£¤F¼Ð·Ç¦b
- <literal>cvs init</literal> «Ø¥ß¥XªºÀɮסC§A¥i¥H§R°£¬Y¨Ç¤£»Ý­nªº
- FreeBSD ¯S®íªºÀɮסC</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>commit_prep.pl</filename> - ¦¹©R¥O½Z°õ¦æ¦UºØ´£¥æ«eªºÀˬd¡A
- °ò©ó§A¬O§_¦b <filename>cfg_local.pm</filename> ¤¤±Ò¥Î¡C§A¤£¸Ó§ó°Ê¦¹ÀɮסC</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>commitcheck</filename> - ¦¹©R¥O½Z·|ª½±µ¼vÅT
- <application>CVS</application>¡C­º¥ý¥¦·|¨Ï¥Î
- <filename>cvs_acls.pl</filename> ¨ÓÀˬd´£¥æªÌ¬O§_¥i¥H¦s¨ú«ü©wªº­ì©l½X¾ð¡A
- µM«á°õ¦æ <filename>commit_prep.pl</filename> ¨Ó½T»{¦UºØ´£¥æ«eªºÀˬd¡C
- ¦pªG¤@¤Á¥¿±`¡A<application>CVS</application> ±N¤¹³\¦¹¦¸´£¥æÄ~Äò°õ¦æ¡C
- §A¤£¸Ó§ó°Ê¦¹ÀɮסC</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>commitinfo</filename> - ¦¹Àɮ׬O
- <application>CVS</application> ¥Î¨Ó©w¸q¦b´£¥æ«e©Ò­n°õ¦æªºµ{¦¡&mdash;¦b
- ¦¹¨Ò¤¤¬O <filename>commitcheck</filename>¡C§A¤£¸Ó§ó°Ê¦¹ÀɮסC</para>
- </listitem>
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- <listitem>
- <para><filename>config</filename> - Àx¦s®wªº³]©w¿ï¶µ¡C§A¥i¥H­×§ï¬°§A
- ·Q­nªº¡A¦ý¤j¦h¼ÆªººÞ²zªÌ¥i¯à·|«O¯d¹w³]­È¡C§ó¦hÃö©ó¥i¥H¦b¦¹³]©wªº¿ï¶µ
- ¸ê°T¥i¥H¬d¾\ <application>CVS</application> ¤â¥U¡C</para>
- </listitem>
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- <listitem>
- <para><filename>cvs_acls.pl</filename> - ¦¹©R¥O½Z©w¸q´£¥æªÌªº¨­¤À¡A¥H
- ¤Î¥L/¦o¬O§_¤¹³\¦s¨ú­ì©l½X¾ð¡A¥¦¬O°ò©ó <filename>avail</filename> ¤¤
- ªº³]©w¡C§A¤£¸Ó§ó°Ê¦¹ÀɮסC</para>
- </listitem>
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- <listitem>
- <para><filename>cvsignore</filename> - ¦¹ÀɮצC¥X­þ¨ÇÀÉ®×
- <application>CVS</application> ¤£¥Î³B²z¨ìÀx¦s®w¤¤¡A§A¥i¥H­×§ï¦¨§A·Q
- ­nªº¡C§ó¦hÃö©ó¥i¥H¦¹Àɮתº»¡©ú¥i¥H¬d¾\ <application>CVS</application>
- ¤â¥U¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>cvswrappers</filename> - ¦¹Àɮ׬O
- <application>CVS</application> ¥Î¨Ó±Ò¥Î©Î°±¥ÎÃöÁä¦r®i¶}¡A©ÎªÌ¬O§_ÀÉ
- ®×¸Ó³Qµø¬°¤G¶i¦ìÀÉ¡C§A¥i¥H­×§ï¦¨§A·Q­nªº¡C§ó¦hÃö©ó¥i¥H¦¹Àɮתº»¡©ú
- ¥i¥H¬d¾\ <application>CVS</application> ¤â¥U¡Cª`·N <literal>-t</literal>
- ©M <literal>-f</literal> ¿ï¶µ¦b <application>CVS</application>
- client/server ¨Ã¤£¯à°÷¥¿½Tªº¹B§@¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>edithook</filename> - ¦¹Àɮפw¸g¨S¦³¦b¨Ï¥Î¤F¡A¯dµÛ¥u
- ¬O¬°¤F¬Y¨Ç¦³·N¸qªº­ì¦]¡C§A¥i¥H¦w¥þ¦a§R°£¦¹ÀɮסC</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>editinfo</filename> - <application>CVS</application>
- ¨Ï¥Î³o­ÓÀɮרӱj­¢§A¨Ï¥Î¯S©wªº½s¿è¾¹¡CFreeBSD ¨S¦³¨Ï¥Î³o­Ó¥\¯à¡A¦]
- ¬°¿é¤J¤é»x°T®§¤w¸g¥Ñ <filename>verifymsg</filename> ©M
- <filename>logcheck</filename> ¨Ó§¹¦¨¡C³o¬O¦]¬°
- <filename>editinfo</filename> ¥\¯à¦b±q»·ºÝ´£¥æ©Î¬O¨Ï¥Î
- <literal>-m</literal> ©Î <literal>-F</literal> ¿ï¶µ®É¤£·|°õ¦æ¡C§A¤£
- ¸Ó§ó°Ê¦¹ÀɮסC</para>
- </listitem>
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- <listitem>
- <para><filename>exclude</filename> - ¦¹ÀɮצC¥X³Q
- <filename>commit_prep.pl</filename> ©w¸q¤£¯à¥]§t­×¥¿ª©¼ÐÀYªºÀɮסC
- ¦b FreeBSD ª©¥»ªº³]©w¤¤¡A©Ò¦³¦b­×¥¿ª©±±¨î¤UªºÀɮ׻ݦ³¤@­Ó­×¥¿ª©¼ÐÀY
- ¡A¡]¹³¬O &dollar;FreeBSD&dollar;¡^¡C¦b¦¹Àɮפ¤©Ò¦³²Å¦X¤@¦æ¤@­ÓªºÀÉ
- ®×¦WºÙ±N¤£·|³QÀˬd¡C§A¥i¥H¦b¦¹Àɮפ¤¬°¤£»Ý­n­×¥¿ª©¼ÐÀYªºÀÉ®×·s¼W¤@
- ­Ó¥¿³W¹Bºâ¦¡¡C¬°¤F¦w¸Ë³o¨Ç©R¥O½Z¡A³Ì¦nªº¤èªk¬O±Æ°£
- <filename>CVSROOT/</filename> ·|¨ü¨ì¼ÐÀYªºÀˬd¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>log_accum.pl</filename> - ¦¹©R¥O½Z·|³B²z¥Ñ
- <filename>logcheck</filename> ©Ò´£¨Ñªº¤é»x°T®§¡A¨Ã¥B±N¤§¬°³Æ¥÷¥Øªº
- ªþ¥[©óÀx¦s®w¤¤ªº°O¿ýÀɮסC¦P®É¤]°õ¦æ­n±N¶l¥ó±H¨ì§A´£¨Ñªº«H½c¤¤ªºµ{
- ¦¡¡]¦b <filename>cfg_local.pm</filename> ¤¤¡^¡C¥¦©M
- <application>CVS</application> ¤§¶¡¬O¥Ñ <filename>loginfo</filename>
- ­t³d·¾³q¡C§A¤£¸Ó§ó°Ê¦¹ÀɮסC</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>logcheck</filename> - ¦¹ÀɮפÀªR´£¥æªÌ´£¨Ñªº¤é»x°T®§
- ¡A¨Ã¸Õ¹Ï¹ï¨ä§@²M²z°Ê§@¡C¥¦©M <application>CVS</application> ¤§¶¡¬O
- ¥Ñ <filename>verifymsg</filename> ­t³d·¾³q¡C§A¤£¸Ó§ó°Ê¦¹ÀɮסC</para>
-
- <note><para>¦¹©R¥O½Z¨Ìªþ©ó¥»¦aªº FreeBSD <application>CVS</application>
- ³B²z¡GFreeBSD ª©¥»¦b¦¹©R¥O½Z­×§ï¹L«á¤~Ū¨ú¤é»x°T®§¡F¼Ð·Çªº
- <application>CVS</application> ª©¥»ÁöµM¯à°÷Àˬd»yªk¤W¬O§_¥¿½T¡A¦ý¨Ã
- ¤£·|²M²z¤é»x°T®§¡C<application>CVS</application> 1.11.2 ¥i¥H³z¹L¦b
- <filename>config</filename> ³]©w <literal>RereadLogAfterVerify=always</literal>
- ¨Ó©M FreeBSD ª©¥»¦³¬Û¦Pªº§@¥Î¡C</para></note>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>loginfo</filename> - ¦¹Àɮ׬O
- <application>CVS</application> ¥Î¨Ó±±¨î¤é»x°T®§­n±H¨ì­þ¸Ì¡A¦Ó
- <filename>log_accum.pl</filename> ­t³d³B²z¡C§A¤£¸Ó§ó°Ê¦¹ÀɮסC</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>modules</filename> - ¦¹Àɮ׫O¯d¤F
- <application>CVS</application> ­ì©lªº·N¸q¡C§AÀ³¸Ó§R°£·s¼Wªº FreeBSD
- ¼Ò²Õ¡A¨Ã­×§ï¬°§A·Q­nªº¤º®e¡C§ó¦hÃö©ó¥i¥H¦¹Àɮתº»¡©ú¥i¥H¬d¾\
- <application>CVS</application> ¤â¥U¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>notify</filename> - ¦¹Àɮ׬°
- <application>CVS</application> ¥Î¨Ó±±¨îºÊ¬Ý¬Y­ÓÀɮסC¦b FreeBSD ªº
- Àx¦s®w¤¤¨S¦³¨Ï¥Î¨ì¦¹ÀɮסA§A¥i¥H­×§ï¦¨§A·Q­nªº¡C§ó¦hÃö©ó¥i¥H¦¹ÀÉ®×
- ªº»¡©ú¥i¥H¬d¾\ <application>CVS</application> ¤â¥U¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>options</filename> - ¦¹ÀÉ®×¶È­­¨Ï¥Î©ó FreeBSD ©M Debian
- ªº <application>CVS</application> ª©¥»¡C¥¦¥]§t¤F»Ý­n¦b­×¥¿ª©¼ÐÀY¤¤
- ®i¶}ªºÃöÁä¦r¡C§A¥i¥H­×§ï¬°²Å¦X§A«ü©w¦b <filename>cfg_local.pm</filename>
- ªºÃöÁä¦r¡C</para>
- </listitem>
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- <listitem>
- <para><filename>rcsinfo</filename> - ¦¹Àɮשw¸q´£¥æ®ÉÀx¦s®w©Ò­n¨Ï¥Îªº
- ¤é»x°T®§¼Ë¦¡½d¥»¡A¦p <filename>rcstemplate</filename>¡CFreeBSD ¹w³]
- ¬°©Ò¦³ªºÀx¦s®w¨Ï¥Î¦P¤@­Ó¼Ë¦¡½d¥»¡A§A¥i¥H¥[¤J¨ä¥L§A·Q­nªº¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
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- <para><filename>rcstemplate</filename> - ¦¹Àɮ׬O´£¥æªÌ¦b´£¥æ®É·|¬Ý¨ì
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- ¤G¶i¦ìÀÉ¡]½Ð¨£ <filename>cvswrappers</filename>¡^¡C²{¦b FreeBSD ¨Ã
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- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cvs rm -f access</userinput></screen>
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- <para>½s¿è <filename>avail</filename> ¨Ó¥]§t§A·Q±±¨î¦s¨úªº¦UºØÀx¦s®w
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- ®§¤º®eªºµ{§Ç¡A¨Ã¥[¤J±N§e²{ªº¶l¥ó¶µ¥Ø©M´£¨Ñ«DªÅ­Èªº°T®§¡C§A¥i
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- ´£¥æªº¶l¥ó¤¤¥[¤J´y­z¬O¦b­þ¤@­Ó¤À¤ä¤¤´£¥æªº¼ÐÀY¡A¨º»ò½Ð©w¸q¬°
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- ¥ó¦ì§}¡C</para>
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- <para>§A¥i¥HÀˬd <filename>cfg.pm</filename> ¬O§_¦³¨ä¥Lªº°Ñ¼Æ¥i¥H­×§ï
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- ¥H¦b <filename>CVSROOT</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤¤ªºÀɮ׸̥[¤W¼ÐÀY¡AµM«á¦A«ì
- ´_­è­èµù¸Ñªº¦æ¦C¡A¦ý¦b§AÁÙ¨S¦³´£¥æ«e«h¥u«O«ù³o¼Ë¡C</para>
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- ¤F <literal>$IDHEADER</literal> ¤~¦³¥²­n³]©w¡]¥u¦³¦b FreeBSD ªº¯S®í
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- ¤¤·j´M <literal>FreeBSD</literal> ¨Ã´À´«¬°§A³]©wªº¼ÐÅÒ¦WºÙ¡C</para>
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- </step>
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- ¬dªº³]©w¡C§A¥i¥H¶È¶È¦bÀɮתº³Ì¤W¼h¥[¤W <literal>exit 0</literal> ¨Ó
- ¨ú®ø©Ò¦³¼ÐÅÒªºÀˬd¡C</para>
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- ¦s¦bÀx¦s®w¤¤ªº <filename>commitlogs</filename> ¤l¥Ø¿ý¤¤¡A¦Ó³o­Ó¥Ø¿ý
- »Ý­n¥ý«Ø¥ß¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mkdir commitlogs</userinput>
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- </step>
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- <para>²{¦b¡A¦b²Ó¤ßªºÀ˵ø¹L«á¡A§A¥i¥H´£¥æ§Aªº­×§ï¤F¡C½T©w§A¥ý«e¦³¦b
- <filename>avail</filename> ¤¤¤¹³\§A¦Û¤v¦s¨ú <filename>CVSROOT</filename>
- ¥Ø¿ý¡A¦]¬°¦pªG¨S¦³³o¼Ë°µªº¸Ü§A·|§â§A¦Û¤vÂê¦b¥~­±¡C§¹¾ã½T»{¹L«á½Ð°õ¦æ¤U
- ¦C©R¥O¡G</para>
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- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>´ú¸Õ³]©w</title>
-
- <para>§A¤w¸g·Ç³Æ¦n°µ°ò¥»ªº´ú¸Õ¤F¡G±j¨î´£¥æ <filename>avail</filename>
- ¥H½T»{¨C¥ó¨Æ³£¦p¹w´Áªº¹B§@¡C</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cvs commit -f -m 'Forced commit to test the new CVSROOT scripts' avail</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>¦pªG¤@¤Á¥¿±`¡A¨º»ò®¥³ß¤F¡I§A²{¦b¤w¸g¬°§AªºÀx¦s®w«Ø¥ß¦n FreeBSD ªº©R
- ¥O½Z¤F¡C¦pªG <application>CVS</application> ¤´µM¦³Äµ§i¤°»ò¡A¦^ÀYÀ˵ø¤W
- ­zªº¨BÆJ¬O§_¦³¥¿½Tªº°õ¦æ¡C</para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 xml:id="freebsdspecific">
- <title>FreeBSD ªº¯S®í³]©w</title>
-
- <para>FreeBSD ±M®×¦Û¤v¨Ï¥Î¤@­Ó¦³ÂI¤£¦Pªº³]©w¡A¨º´N¬O¦P®É¤]¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD
- <filename>CVSROOT</filename> ¤¤ªº <filename>freebsd</filename> ¤l¥Ø¿ý¡C¦]
- ¬°¤j¶qªº´£¥æªÌ¥²¶·¦b¬Û¦Pªº¸s²Õ¤¤¡A¦]¦¹±M®×¼g¤F¤@­Ó²³æªº wrapper ¨Ó½T»{´£
- ¥æªÌ¥i¥H¥¿½Tªº´£¥æ¡A¨Ã³]©wÀx¦s®wªº¸s²Õ¦WºÙ¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG§AªºÀx¦s®w¤]»Ý­n³o¼Ëªº¥\¯à¡A¨º»ò¤U­±´N·|¤¶²Ð¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß¡A¤£¹L­º¥ý­n
- ¥ý¨Ó¬Ý¤@¬q½ÆÂøªº·§­z¡C</para>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>FreeBSD ³]©w¤¤¨Ï¥ÎªºÀÉ®×</title>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>access</filename> - ¦¹ÀɮץΨӱ±¨îÀx¦s®wªº¦s¨ú¡C§A
- À³¸Ó½s¿è¨Ã¥[¤J©Ò¦³¦b±M®×¤¤ªº¦¨­û¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>freebsd/commitmail.pl</filename> - ¦¹Àɮפw¸g¨S¦³¦b
- ¨Ï¥Î¤F¡A¯dµÛ¥u¬O¬°¤F¬Y¨Ç¦³·N¸qªº­ì¦]¡C§A¤£¸Ó§ó°Ê¦¹ÀɮסC</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>freebsd/cvswrap.c</filename> - ¦¹ CVS wrapper ­ì©l
- ½X¬O¥Î¨Ó«Ø¥ßÀˬd©Ò¦³¦s¨úªº¤u§@¡C§ó¦hªº°T®§¦bµy«á·|´£¥X¡C§AÀ³¸Ó½s
- ¿è <literal>ACCESS</literal> ©M <literal>REALCVS</literal> ªº¸ô®|
- ¥H²Å¦X§Aªº³]©w¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><filename>freebsd/mailsend.c</filename> - ¦¹Àɮ׬O FreeBSD ³]
- ©w mailing lists »Ý­nªº¡A§A¤£¸Ó§ó°Ê¦¹ÀɮסC</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>¨BÆJ</title>
-
- <procedure>
- <step>
- <para>¥u¦³¥[¤J§Aªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦WºÙ¨ì <filename>access</filename> ¤¤¡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>½s¿è <filename>cvswrap.c</filename> ªº¸ô®|¥H²Å¦X§Aªº³]©w¡A©w¸q
- ¦b¤j¼gªº <literal>ACCESS</literal> ¤¤¡C¦P®É¦pªG¹w³]­È¤£²Å¦X§Aªº±¡ªp
- ªº¸Ü¤]À³¸Ó­×§ï¥»¦a¹ê»Úªº <command>cvs</command> µ{¦¡©Ò¦b¦ì¸m¡C­ì©l
- ªº <filename>cvswrap.c</filename> §Æ±æ´À¥N¦øªAºÝªº CVS µ{¦¡¡A¨Ò¦p¥i
- ¯à·|¬O <filename>/usr/bin/ncvs</filename>¡C</para>
-
- <para>§Úªº <filename>cvswrap.c</filename> ¬O³o¼Ë¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>#define ACCESS "/local/cvsroot/CVSROOT/access"
-#define REALCVS "/usr/bin/ncvs"</programlisting>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>±µ¤U¨Ó¬O«Ø¥ß wrapper ¨Ó½T»{§A¦b´£¥æ®É¬O¦b¥¿½Tªº¸s²Õ¤¤¡C
- ¦b§Aªº <filename>CVSROOT</filename> ¤¤ªº
- <filename>cvswrap.c</filename> ­n¯à°÷¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦b§A§¹¦¨½s¿è¨Ã¥[¤J¥¿½Tªº¸ô®|«á§Ú­Ì­n¨Ó½sĶ­ì©l½X¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cc -o cvs cvswrap.c</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>µM«á¶i¦æ»Ý­n³]©w¡]¦¹¨BÆJ»Ý­n root Åv­­¡^¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mv /usr/bin/cvs /usr/bin/ncvs</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mv cvs /usr/bin/cvs</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>chown root:ncvs /usr/bin/cvs /usr/bin/ncvs</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod o-rx /usr/bin/ncvs</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod u-w,g+s /usr/bin/cvs</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>³o·|±N wrapper ¦w¸Ë¦¨¹w³]ªº <command>cvs</command> µ{¦¡¡A½Ð½T©w
- ¥ô¦ó­n¨Ï¥ÎÀx¦s®wªº¤HÀ³¸Ó¦³¥¿½Tªº¦s¨úÅv­­¡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>²{¦b§A¥i¥H§R°£©Ò¦³¦bÀx¦s®w¸s²Õ¤¤ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A©Ò¦³ªº¦s¨ú±±¨î·|¸g¥Ñ
- wrapper §¹¦¨¡A¦P®É wrapper ·|³]©w¦s¨úªº¥¿½T¸s²Õ¡C</para>
- </step>
- </procedure>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>´ú¸Õ³]©w</title>
-
- <para>§Aªº wrapper ²{¦bÀ³¸Ó¤w¸g¦w¸Ë¦n¤F¡A§A·íµM¤]¥i¥H±j¨î´£¥æ
- <filename>access</filename> ¨Ó´ú¸Õ¬O§_¥¿±`¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cvs commit -f -m 'Forced commit to test the new CVSROOT scripts' access</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>¦P¼Ë¦a¡A¦pªG¦³¿ù»~¡AÀˬd¬O§_¤W­z©Ò¦³¨BÆJ³£¦³¥¿½Tªº°õ¦æ¡C</para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-</article>
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/mailing-list-faq/article.xml b/zh_TW.Big5/articles/mailing-list-faq/article.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 9e6bffc6a5..0000000000
--- a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/mailing-list-faq/article.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,416 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="big5"?>
-<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN"
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/share/xml/freebsd50.dtd">
-<!-- $FreeBSD$ -->
-<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
-<!-- FreeBSD Mailing Lists ±`¨£°Ýµª¶° -->
-<!-- Translate into Chinese by chinsan.tw@gmail.com -->
-<!-- English Version: 1.7 -->
-<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="zh_tw">
- <info><title>&os; Mailing Lists ±`¨£°Ýµª¶°</title>
-
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author><personname><surname>The &os; Documentation Project</surname></personname></author>
- </authorgroup>
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- <copyright>
- <year>2004</year>
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- <holder>&os; ¤å¥ó­pµe</holder>
- </copyright>
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- <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
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- ªº¶i¦æ¦³¿³½ìªº¸Ü¡A½Ð±H e-mail ¨ì
- &a.doc;¡C¦¹¥~¡AÀH®É¥i±q <link xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/mailing-list-faq/index.html">
- FreeBSD ºô¯¸</link> ®³¨ì³o¥÷¤å¥óªº³Ì·sª©¥»¡C
- ¤]¥i¥H§Q¥Î HTTP ¨Ó¤U¸ü <link xlink:href="article.html">HTML</link>
- ¤å¥ó¡A©Î¬O¸g¥Ñ <link xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/">
- FreeBSD FTP ¯¸</link> ¤U¸ü¯Â¤å¦r¡B&postscript;¡B©Î PDF ª©¥»ªºÀɮסC
- ±z¤]¥i¥H¦b³o¸Ì¨Ï¥Î
- <link xlink:href="&url.base;/search/search.html">·j´M FAQ ¸ê®Æ</link>
- ªº¥\¯à¡C</para>
- </abstract>
- </info>
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- <sect1 xml:id="introduction">
- <title>«e¨¥</title>
-
- <para>¦p¦P¨ä¥L FAQs ¤@¼Ë¡A¥»¤å¥D­n¥Øªº¬O§Æ±æ²[»\¦b &os; mailing
- lists ¤W­±ªº±`¨£°ÝÃD(·íµM¡A¥]¬Aµª®×)¡C
- ÁöµM¡A­ì¥»ºc·Q¬O§Æ±æ¯à­°§C³o¨Ç­«½Æ°ÝÃDªººô¸ô¬y¶q¡A¦ý¦p¤µ¤w³Q¤½»{ FAQs ¤]¬O¬Û·í¦n¥Îªº¸ê·½¤§¤@¡C</para>
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-
- <answer>
- <para>&os; mailing lists ¥D­n¬O´£¨Ñ &os; ªÀ¸s¶¡ªº·¾³qºÞ¹D¡A³o¸Ì¦³¦U¦¡±MÃD»â°ìªº±´°Q¡A¥H¤Î¿³½ì¥æ¬y¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question xml:id="audience">
- <para>&os; mailing lists ªº°Ñ»PªÌ¦³­þ¨Ç?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A­n¬Ý¦U­Ó list ªº¡yª©³W(charter)¡z©w¦ì¦Ó¦³©Ò¤£¦P¡C¦³¨Ç lists ¥D­n¬O developers ¦b°Ñ»P°Q½×ªº¡F
- ¦Ó¦³¨Ç«h¥D­n¬O´X¥G¾ãÅé &os; ªÀ¸s³£¥i¥HÀH·N°Ñ»P°Q½×ªº¡C½Ð¬Ý <link xlink:href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo">³o¥÷²M³æ</link> ¤W­±¦³¥Ø«e©Ò¦³ list ªººK­n»¡©ú¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question xml:id="participation-who">
- <para>&os; mailing lists ¹ï¥ô¦ó¤H³£¬O¶}©ñ°Ñ»Pªº¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦A­«½Æ¤@¦¸¡A³o­n¬Ý¦U­Ó list ªº¡yª©³W(charter)¡z©w¦ì¦Ó¦³©Ò¤£¦P¡C
- ½Ð¦bµo¤å«e¡A¥ýª`·N¾\Ū¸Ó list ªº¡yª©³W(charter)¡z¡A¨Ã¿í¦u¬ÛÃö­ì«h¡C
- ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¡A¤~·|Åý¤j®a³£¯à·¾³q§óµLê¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG¬Ý¤F¤W¤@­Ó°Ýµª¤ºªº²M³æ¤§«á¡AÁÙ¬O¤£²M·¡­n¨ì­þ­Ó list ¥hµo°Ýªº¸Ü¡A
- ¨º»ò¥i¥H¸ÕµÛ§â°ÝÃD¥á¨ì freebsd-questions ¬Ý¬Ý(¦ý½Ð¥ý¬Ý¤U­±Á¿ªº¸É¥R)¡C</para>
-
- <para>½Ðª`·N¡G²ßºD¤W©Ò¦³ mailing lists ³£¬O¶}©ñµoªí°Q½×ªº¡A¤]¤£¥²±o¥ý¦¨¬°­q¾\·|­û¤~¦æ¡C
- ³o¬O¬Û·í¼f·Vªº¿ï¾Ü¡A¨ÓÅý°Ñ»P &os; ªÀ¸s§ó»´ÃP®e©ö¡A¨Ã¹ªÀy¤¬¬Û¤À¨É©¼¦¹ªº·Qªk¡C
- µM¦Ó¡A¥Ñ©ó¹L¥h¦³¨Ç¤HªºÀݥΡA¦³¨Ç lists ²{¦b¶}©l­­¨î°Ñ»P°Q½×ªº³¡¤À¡A¥HÁ×§K¤£¥²­nªº§xÂZ¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question xml:id="subscribe">
- <para>­n«ç»ò­q¾\©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥i¥H¥Î <link xlink:href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo">
- Mailman ºô­¶¤¶­±</link> ¨Ó­q¾\¥ô¦ó¤½¶}ªº lists¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question xml:id="unsubscribe">
- <para>­n«ç»ò°h­q¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¤@¼Ë½Ð¥Î­è¤W­±»¡ªººô­¶¤¶­±¡A©ÎªÌ mailing list ¤W­±¨C«Ê«Hµ²§À³B³£·|¦³¬ÛÃö URL ³sµ²ªº«ü¥Ü»¡©ú¡C</para>
-
- <para>¤d¸U½Ð¤£­nª½±µ¼g«H¨ì³o¨Ç¤½¶}ªº mailing lists »¡§A­n°h­q¡C
- ­º¥ý©O..¦]¬°¥»¨Ó´N¤£¬O³o¼Ë°h­qªº¡A¨ä¦¸§A·|·S¨Ó²³«ã¦Ó©Û¨Ó³ò¶Ï¡Bµ§¾Ô¡C
- ³o¬O«Ü¨å«¬ªº°h­q¿ù»~¥Ü½d¡A½Ð¤£­n³o¼Ë°µ¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question xml:id="archives">
- <para>¥i¥H§ä¨ì«Hªº¸ê®Æ®w¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¶â¡A¦³¡I¥i¥H¦b <link xlink:href="http://docs.FreeBSD.org/mail/">³oÃä</link>
- §ä¨ì¬ÛÃöªºÂ«H¸ê®Æ®w(archive)¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question xml:id="digest">
- <para>mailing lists ¥i¦³ºK­nª©©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>·íµM¤]¦³¡A½Ð¬Ý <link xlink:href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo">
- Mailman ºô­¶¤¶­±</link>¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 xml:id="etiquette">
- <title>Mailing List ªº°Ñ»P§»ö</title>
-
- <para>¦b mailing lists ¤W°Ñ»P°Q½×¡A´N¹³¦b¨ä¥LªÀ¸s¤@¼Ë¡A§Ú­Ì³£»Ý­n¤@¨Ç·¾³q¤Wªº¦@ÃÑ¡C
- µo¨¥½Ðª`­«Â§»ö(©ÎÀq«´)¡A¤Á¤ÅµLªº©ñ¥Ú¡C</para>
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question xml:id="before-posting">
- <para>¦bµo¤å¤§«e¡A¦³¤°»òª`·N¨Æ¶µ©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³Ì­«­nªº¬O§A¤w¸g¬Ý¤F³o½g¤å³¹¡AµM¦Ó¡A­Y±z¹ï &os; ¤£¼ôªº¸Ü¡A
- ¥i¯à»Ý­n¥ý¼sªx¾\Ū
- <link xlink:href="&url.base;/docs/books.html">¬ÛÃö®ÑÄy¤Î¤å³¹</link>
- ¨Ó¥ý¼ô±x³o®M§@·~¨t²Î©M¤@¨Ç¨å¬G¡A¤×¨ä¬O¨ä¤¤ªº <link xlink:href="&url.books.faq;/index.html">
- &os; ±`¨£°Ýµª¶° (FAQ)</link> ¤å¥ó¡A
- <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/index.html">
- &os; ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U(Handbook)</link>¡A
- ¥H¤Î¬ÛÃö¤å³¹¡G<link xlink:href="&url.articles.freebsd-questions;/article.html">
- How to get best results from the FreeBSD-questions mailing list</link>¡B
- <link xlink:href="&url.articles.explaining-bsd;/article.html">
- Explaining BSD</link>¡B¥H¤Î <link xlink:href="&url.articles.new-users;/article.html">
- &os; First Steps</link>¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦¹¥~¡A¹ï¤W­z¤å¥ó¤º¤w¦³¸Ñµªªº³¡¥÷¤S´£¥X¨Ó°Ýªº¸Ü¡A·|³Q»{¬°¬O¬Û·í¤£Â§»ªªº¡C
- ³o¨Ã¤£¬O¦]¬°³o¸s§Ó¤u¬O¬Û·í§[©ó¦^µªªº¡A¦Ó¬O¤@¦A³Q¬Û¦Pªº°ÝÃD¤£Â_¯h³ÒÅF¬µ¤§«á¡A©Ò²£¥Íªº®À§é·P«Ü­«¡C
- ¤×¨ä¬O²{¦¨µª®×©ú©ú´N¦b²´«e¡A«o¤´¦P¼Ë°ÝÃDº¡¤Ñ­¸¡A³o¹ê¦b¬O...¡C
- ½Ðª`·N¡G³o¨Ç &os; ¬ÛÃö¤å¥ó´X¥G³£¬O¥Ñ¤@¸sµLÁ~§Ó¤uªº¦n¤ß¦¨ªG¡A¦Ó¥L­Ì¤]¬O¤H¡C</para>
- </answer>
-
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question xml:id="inappropriate">
- <para>¦p¦óÁ×§K¤£·íµo¤å©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>µo¤å®É¡A½Ð°È¥²¿í¦u¸Ó mailing list ªº¹CÀ¸³W«h¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¤£­n§@¤H¨­§ðÀ»¡C¦nªººô¸ô¤½¥Á¡AÀ³¸Ó­n¦³§ó°ªªº¨¥¦æ¼Ð·Ç¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>½Ð¤£­n¸Õ¹Ï§@ Spam ¦æ¬°(¼s§i¡BÂà¶K¦h³Bµ¥¤£½Ð¦Û¨Ó¦æ¬°)¡C
- ©Ò¦³ mailing lists ³£·|¿n·¥¸T¤î³o¨Ç¹H³WªÌ¡A¤@¥¹¦³ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò«áªG½Ð¦Û¦æ­t³d¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question xml:id="etiquette-posting">
- <para>µo¤å®É¡A¦³¤°»ò¸Óª`·Nªº¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>µo¤å®É¡A½Ð«O«ù¤@¦æ¬ù 75 ­Ó¦r¤¸´N¦Û°ÊÂ_¦æ¡A¦]¬°¨Ã¤£¬O¨C­Ó¬Ýªº¤H³£¦³«Ü¬¯ªº¹Ï§Î¤¶­±(GUI)¬Ý«H³nÅé¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>½Ðª`·N¡G¨Æ¹ê¤W¡Aºô¸ôÀW¼e¨Ã¤£¬OµL­­ªº¡C
- ¨Ã«D¨C­ÓŪªÌªºÀW¼e³£«Ü¤j¡A©Ò¥H­Y·Q¶K¤@¨Ç¹³¬O <filename>config.log</filename>
- ¤§Ãþªº³]©wÀɤº®e¡A©Î¬O¤j¶qªº stack trace ¬ö¿ý¡A¨º»ò½Ð§â¥¦©ñ¦b¦Û¤vºô¯¸¤W¡AµM«á¶K¥X¸Óºô§} URL ´N¦æ¤F¡C
- ÁÙ¦³¤@¥ó¨Æ¡A½Ð°O¦í¡A³o¨Ç«H¥ó³£·|³Q«H¸ê®Æ®w«O¦s¤U¨Ó¡A©Ò¥H³o¼Ë§@·|³y¦¨«O¦sªº¸ê®Æ®w·|«Ü§Ö³Q¶ë¨ì«Ü¤j¡A
- ¬Æ¦Ü¥i¯à¶ëÃz Server ªºµwºÐªÅ¶¡¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¤å³¹¬O­nÅý¤H¬Ý±oÀ´¡A©Ò¥H½Ðª`·Nª©­±½s±Æªº¥iŪ©Ê¡AÁÙ¦³..
- ¤d¡@¸U¡@¤£¡@­n¡@¤j¡@Án¡@ÄW¡@¥s!!!!! ³oÂI¥i¤£¥u &os; mailing lists ¤~»Ý¦p¦¹ª`·N¡A
- ½Ð¤Å§C¦ô¤å³¹¡y°ò¥»½s±Æ¡zªº­«­n©Ê¡B³sÂê®ÄÀ³¡C
- «H¤¤ªºªí¹F¤è¦¡³q±`´N¥NªíµÛ§O¤H²´¤¤ªº§A¡A­Y¤å³¹Åý¤H¬Ý¤F«Ü¦Y¤O(Ãú·Ù·Ù)¡B«÷¦r¿ù»~¦Ê¥X¡B
- ¥Rº¡»y·N©ÎÅÞ¿è¿ù»~¡B©Î¬O¤å¤º¥Rº¡¤@°ïÅå¹Ä¸¹¡A³o·|Åý¤H¹ï§A¦L¶HÆ[·P·¥®t¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¦b¤@¨Ç¯S©wªº list ³õ¦X¡A½Ð¥Î¾A·íªº»y¨¥¨Ó·¾³q¡C³\¦h«D­^»y¨tªºmailing
- lists ¥i¥H¨ì
- <link xlink:href="&url.base;/community/mailinglists.html">
- ³oÃä</link> ¬d¬Ý¬Ý¡C</para>
-
- <para>¹ï©ó³\¦h¥À»y¤£¬O­^»yªº¤H¡A§Ú­Ì³£¯à½Ì¸Ñ¥L­Ìªº­W·¡¡A¨Ã¥B¸ÕµÛ¾¨¶q¦h¦h¥]²[¡C
- ­^¤å«D¥À»yªº¤H¡A§Ú­Ì·|¾¨¶q¤£´c·N§åµû«÷¦r©Î¤åªk¿ù»~¤§³B¡C
- &os; ¦b³o¤è­±¡A¤@ª½¦³¬Û·íÀu¨qªº¬ö¿ý¡A½ÐÅý§Ú­ÌÄ~Äò«O«ù³o¶Ç²Î§a¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¼g«H®É¡A½Ð¥Î¬Û®e¼Ð·Çªº Mail User Agent (MUA)µ{¦¡¡C
- <link xlink:href="http://www.lemis.com/email.html">¤£¨}ªº(©Î³]©w¿ù»~ªº)±H«Hµ{¦¡</link>
- ³o¸Ì¦C¦³³\¦h«H¥ó®æ¦¡ªº¿ù»~¥Ü½d¡C¥H¤U¬O¤@¨Ç¤wª¾ªº±H«Hµ{¦¡ªº¤£¨}¥Ü½d¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>cc:Mail</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>(ª©ªº)&eudora;</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>exmh</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>&microsoft; Exchange</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>&microsoft; Internet Mail</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>&microsoft; &outlook;</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>(ª©ªº)&netscape;</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>¦p¦P¤W­z©Ò¨£¡AMicrosoft ¥Xªº¤@°ï±H«Hµ{¦¡³q±`³£¬O¤£¬Û®e¼Ð·Ç®æ¦¡ªº¡C
- ½Ð¾¨¶q§ï¥Î &unix; ¤Wªº±H«Hµ{¦¡¡C­Y¥²¶·¦b Microsoft Àô¹Ò¤U¨Ï¥Î±H«Hµ{¦¡ªº¸Ü¡A
- ½Ð°O±o½T»{³]©w¬O§_¥¿½T¡C½Ð¾¨¶q¤£­n¥Î <acronym>MIME</acronym> ®æ¦¡¡G
- ¦]¬°¦³¤@°ï¤H³£¦bÀݥΠ<acronym>MIME</acronym> «H¥ó®æ¦¡¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>½Ð½T»{¡G®É¶¡»P®É°Ï³]©w¬O§_¥¿½T¡C
- ³o°ÝÃD¬Ý°_¨Ó¦³ÂIÄø¡A¦]¬°§A±H¥Xªº«HÁÙ¬O·|¨ì¹F mailing list ¤W¡A
- ¦ý¬O©O¡A¨C¦ì mailing lists ¤Wªº­q¤á¨C¤Ñ³£·|¬Ý¼Æ¦Ê«Êªº«H¡A
- ¥L­Ì³q±`·|§â«H¥ó¥H¼ÐÃD¸ò®É¶¡§@¬°±Æ§Ç¨Ì¾Ú¡C
- ­Y§Aªº«H¨S¦³¦b²Ä¤@½g¥¿¸Ñ¤§«e´N¥ý¥X²{ªº¸Ü¡A¥L­Ì´N·|°²³]¥i¯à¬Oº|¦¬§A³o«Ê«H¡A
- µM«á´N¨S¦A¥h¬Ý§A¨º«Ê«H¤F¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>½Ð´£¨Ñµ{¦¡¥X²{ªº¬ÛÃö°T®§¡A¹³¬O &man.dmesg.8; ©ÎªÌ console
- messages ¤]´N¬O³q±`·|¥X²{¦b <filename>/var/log/messages</filename> ¥X²{ªº¡C
- ½Ð¤£­n¥Î¤â¥´¡A¦]¬°³o¤£¶È«Ü­W¡A¦Ó¥B¤]¥i¯à¥´¿ù¦r©Î¶Ã±¼­ì¦³®æ¦¡¡C½Ðª½±µ§â¬ÛÃöªº log ÀÉ¥á¥X¨Ó¡A
- ©Î¬O¥Î½s¿è¾¹¨Ó°Åµô¡B©Î¬O¥Î·Æ¹«½Æ»s/¶K¤W¨Ó§¹¦¨¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A¦pªG¬O­n§â¹³¬O <command>dmesg</command>
- ªºµ{¦¡°T®§­Ë¤J¨ì¬Y­ÓÀÉ®×¥hªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò§@ªk¦p¤U¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>dmesg &gt; /tmp/dmesg.out</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>³o¼Ë¤l·|§â°T®§°e¨ì <filename>/tmp/dmesg.out</filename> Àɤº¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¦b¥Î·Æ¹«°Å¶K®É¡A½Ðª`·N¬O§_¦³¥Ç¤@¨Ç²Ó¸`ªº°Å¶KÃa²ßºD¡C
- ¤×¨ä¬O¹³¶K <filename>Makefiles</filename> ¤§ÃþÀɮ׮ɡA¥Ñ©ó <literal>tab</literal>
- Áä©Ò¥´¥X¨Óªº¤À®æ¡A¬OÄÝ©ó¯S®í¦r¤¸¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦b <link xlink:href="&url.base;/support.html#gnats">
- GNATS PR ¸ê®Æ®w</link> ¤W«Ü±`¬Ý¨ì³oÃþ«Ü±`¨£ªº´o¤H°ÝÃD¡G
- <filename>Makefiles</filename> ¤ºªº tab ¸g¹L°Å¶K«á¡AÅܦ¨¡yªÅ¥Õ(white space)¡z
- ©Î¬O§xÂZªº <literal>=3B</literal> escape sequence¡A³o¨Ç·|Åý committers ­Ì¤Q¤À¤£²n¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question xml:id="etiquette-replying">
- <para>¦b mailing lists ¤W¦^¤åªº¸Ü¡A¦³¤°»ò­n¯S§Oª`·Nªº¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>½Ð¾A·í½Õ¾ã¤å³¹¤Þ¨¥ªø«×¡C¦^¤å®É¡A¤Þ¨¥³¡¥÷½Ð¤Þ¡y¦³½Í¨ìªº¡z³¡¤À¬°¥D¡A¦ý½Ð¤£­n¹L»P¤£¤Î¡C
- À³¸Ó«O¯d¯A¤Î°Q½×½d³òªº­ì¤å¡A³o¼Ë¤l¤~¯àÅý¨S¬Ý¹L«e­±¤å³¹ªº¤Hª¾¹D¬O¦bÁ¿¤°»ò¡A¦Ó«D¤@ÀYÃú¤ô¡C</para>
-
- <para>ÁÙ¦³¤@ÂI¤]«Ü­«­n¡A­ì¤å­Y¬O´T«×¬Û·íªøªº¸Ü¡A°O±oµù©ú "yes, I see this too"¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>µ½¥Î§Þ¥©¨Ó½T»{­ì¤å»P¦Û¤v¼gªº³¡¥÷¡G
- ³q±`·|¦b­ì¤åªº¨C¦æ«e­±¥[¤W <quote><literal>&gt; </literal></quote> ¥H§@°O¸¹¡C
- ½Ð°O±o«O¯d <quote><literal>&gt; </literal></quote> ²Å¸¹«á­±ªºªÅ¥Õ¡A¨Ã¥B¦b­ì¤å¥H¤Î§A©Ò¼gªº¬q¸¨¤§¶¡¥[¤WªÅ¦æ¡A
- ¥H«K¾\Ū¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>½Ð¤£­nÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡B¬ïÆwªþ·|¡G³q±`¹ï­ì©l¤å³¹¡yÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡z¡B¡y¬ïÆwªþ·|¡z·|Åý¤j®a«Ü¤£²n¡A¦]¬°¥L­Ì­ì·N¨Ã«D¦p¦¹¡A«o³Q¦±¸Ñ¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¦^¤å®É¡A¤£­n¼g¦b­ì¤å¤W­±(<literal>top post</literal>)¡C
- ³o­Ó·N«ä¬O¡G­Y­n¦^¤å®É¡A½Ð¼g¦b­ì¤å¤U¤è¡A¤£­n¼g¦b­ì¤å¤W­±¡A¥H§KÅý¤H¦³®ÉªÅ¿ù¸mªº¿ù¶Ã²V²c¡C</para>
- <!-- ª`·N¡G¤U­±³o¬O¬G·N«ÕÀq®ÄªGªº°Ýµª -->
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>榭G Because it reverses the logical flow of
- conversation.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>°Ý¡G Why is top posting frowned upon?</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <para>(·PÁ Randy Bush ´£¨Ñ¯º¸Ü)</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 xml:id="recurring">
- <title>Mailing Lists ¤Wªº­«½Æ©Ê°ÝÃD</title>
-
- <para>¦b mailing lists ¤W°Ñ»P°Q½×¡A´N¹³¦b¨ä¥LªÀ¸s¤@¼Ë¡A§Ú­Ì³£»Ý­n¤@¨Ç·¾³q¤Wªº¦@ÃÑ¡C
- ³\¦h mailing lists ³£·|°²³]°Ñ»P°Q½×ªÌ³£¤j­Pª¾¹D FreeBSD ­p¹ºªº¤@¨Ç¾ú¥v²W·½¡C
- ¤×¨ä¬OªÀ¸sªº·s¤âÁ`¬O©w´Á·|¤£Â_­«½Æ°ÝÃþ¦ü°ÝÃD¡C
- ¨C­Óµo¤åªº¤H¡A³£¦³³d¥ô¨ÓÁ×§K±¼¤J³o¼Ëªº´c©Ê´`Àô½ü°j¤º¡C
- ¦]¦¹¡AÀ³¾¨¥i¯àÅý mailing list ¤W¯à¥¿±`°Q½×¡A¦ÓÁ×§KÅý¦Û¤v³´¤Jµ§¾Ôªdªh¡C</para>
-
- <para>­n«ç»òÁ×§K©O¡H³Ì¦nªº¤èªk´N¬Oµ½¥Î³o¨Ç <link xlink:href="http://docs.FreeBSD.org/mail/">
- mailing list «H¸ê®Æ®w(archives)</link>¡A¨ÓÁA¸Ñ¬ÛÃö­I´º¡C
- ¥¿¥Ñ©ó³o­ì¦]¡A©Ò¥H <link xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/search.html#mailinglists">
- mailing list ·j´M¤¶­±</link> ´NÅã±o«D±`¦n¥Î¡C
- (­Y³o¤èªk¤´µLªk§ä¨ì¦³¥Îªºµª®×¡A¨º»ò½Ð§ï¥Î¦Û¤v·R¥Îªº·j´M¤ÞÀº§a)</para>
-
- <para>³z¹L³o¨Ç«H¸ê®Æ®w¡A¤£¥u¥iÁA¸Ñ¥ý«e°Q½×¹L­þ¨Ç¸ÜÃD¡A¤]¥i¥Hª¾¹D¡G¬O«ç»ò°Q½×ªº¡B
- ­þ¨Ç¤H°Ñ»P°Q½×¹L¡B¥D­n¬Ýªº¤H¤S¬O­þ¨Ç¤H¡C
- ¤J¹ÒÀH«U³o¨Ç­ì«h¤£¥u¬O &os; mailing list ¤W¤~³o¼Ë¡A¤@¼Ë¥i¥H¾A¦X¨ä¥L¦a¤è¡C</para>
-
- <para>archives ªº¤º®eµLºÃ¦a¬Û·í¼sªx¡A¦Ó¥B·|¦³¨Ç°ÝÃD¤£Â_¤ÏÂÐ¥X²{¡A
- ¦³®É°Q½×¨ì«á­±Á`·|Â÷ÃD¡CµL½×¦p¦ó¡A¦bµo°Ý«eªº¸q°È´N¬O¥ý°µ¦n¥\½Ò¡A
- ¥HÁ×§K³oÃþªº¤ë¸g¤å´c©Ê´`Àô¡A¤×¨ä¬O¥O¤H¤Ï·Pªº <literal>bikeshed¡]¥´¼L¯¥)</literal>¡C</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 xml:id="bikeshed">
- <title>¤°»ò¬O "Bikeshed" §r¡H</title>
- <para>³æ´N¦r­±¤W·N«ä¸ÑÄÀªº¸Ü¡A<literal>bikeshed</literal> ¬O«ü±Mªùµ¹¸}½ñ¨®¡B¾÷¨®¤§Ãþªº¨â½ü¥æ³q¤u¨ã¨Ï¥Îªº¾B«B´×¡A
- µM¦Ó©O¡A¦b &os; ³oÃ䪺»¡ªk«o¦³¨ä¥L·N«ä(±a¦³¶S§í)«üªº¬O¡G
- ¬Y¨Ç¯S©w¸ÜÃDªº­«½Æ°Q½×¡A¤×¨ä¬O«ü¦b &os; ªÀ¸s¤ºµ´¤£·|¦³¦@ÃÑ¡A¥B¦³ª§Ä³ªº¸ÜÃD¡C
- (³o¦r·Jªº°_·½¦b <link xlink:href="&url.books.faq;/misc.html#BIKESHED-PAINTING">
- ³o¥÷¤å¥ó</link> ¤º¦³§ó¦h»¡©ú)¡C§A¥u­n¦bµo«H¨ì¥ô¤@ &os; mailing lists ¤§«e¡Aª¾¹D³o­Ó°ò¥»·§©À´N¦æ¤F¡C</para>
-
- <para>¤@¯ë¨ÓÁ¿¡A¡ybikeshed¡z¬O«Ü®e©ö²£¥Í³\¦hªiªºµ§¾Ô»PÃB¥~°Q½×ªºª§Ä³¸ÜÃD¡A¦pªG¨Æ¥ý¤£ª¾¹D³o¨Ç­I´ºªº¸Ü¡C</para>
-
- <para>«ô°U¡A½ÐÀ°­Ó¦£Åý°Q½×¦^Âk¥¿±`¡A¦Ó¤£­n¥u¬O¨ì³B¥´¼L¯¥¦Ó¤w¡C·P®¦¡I</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 xml:id="acknowledgments">
- <title>­PÁÂ</title>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term>&a.grog;</term>
- <listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="&url.articles.freebsd-questions;/article.html">
- How to get best results from the FreeBSD-questions mailing list</link> ¤@¤åªº­ì§@ªÌ¡A
- §Ú­Ì±q¥L³o¤å¤ºÀò±o³\¦h mailing list ¤WªºÂ§»ö(©ÎÀq«´)¼g§@ÃD§÷¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>&a.linimon;</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>¥» FAQ Âú§Îªº­ì§@</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
- </sect1>
-
-</article>
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/nanobsd/article.xml b/zh_TW.Big5/articles/nanobsd/article.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index dc4af81e83..0000000000
--- a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/nanobsd/article.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,434 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="big5"?>
-<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN"
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/share/xml/freebsd50.dtd">
-<!--
- The FreeBSD Documentation Project
- The FreeBSD Chinese (Traditional) Documentation Project
-
- Original Revision: 1.1
--->
-<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="zh_tw">
- <info><title>NanoBSD ²¤¶</title>
-
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author><personname><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Gerzo</surname></personname></author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2006</year>
- <holder>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
-
- <releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>
-
- <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
- &tm-attrib.freebsd;
- &tm-attrib.general;
- </legalnotice>
-
- <abstract>
- <para>³o½g¤å¥ó´£¨Ñ¤FÃö©ó <application>NanoBSD</application> ¤u¨ãªº±¡³ø¤¶²Ð¡A
- ³o¤u¨ã¥i¥Î¨Ó«Ø¥ß¥Î©ó´O¤J¦¡Àô¹ÒÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº &os; ¨t²Î¬M¹³ÀÉ¡A
- ¥H«K¦s©ñ¨ì Compact Flash ¥d(©ÎÀH¨­ºÐ)¡C</para>
- </abstract>
- </info>
-
- <sect1 xml:id="intro">
- <title>NanoBSD ²¤¶</title>
-
- <indexterm><primary>NanoBSD</primary></indexterm>
-
- <para><application>NanoBSD</application> ¬O &a.phk; ¥Ø«e¥¿¦b¶}µoªº¤@¶µ¤u¨ã¡C
- ¥¦¥i¥Î¨Ó«Ø¥ß¥Î©ó´O¤J¦¡Àô¹ÒÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº &os; ¨t²Î¬M¹³ÀÉ¡A
- ¥H«K¦s©ñ¨ì Compact Flash ¥d(©ÎÀH¨­ºÐ¡Amass storage medium)¡C</para>
-
- <para>³o¤@¤u¨ã¤]¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¦Û»s¦w¸Ë¬M¹³ÀÉ¡A
- ¥H²¤Æ«UºÙ¬° <quote>´O¤J¦¡¨t²Î(computer appliances)</quote> ªº¨t²Î¦w¸Ë¡BºûÅ@¤u§@¡C
- ³q±`¡A¨C­Ó´O¤J¦¡¨t²Î²£«~³£¦³­­©wµwÅé©M³nÅé¡A
- ©ÎªÌ´«¨¥¤§¡A©Ò¦³ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡³£¬O¹w¥ý¸Ë¦nªº¡C
- ³o¨Ç³]³Æ¥i¥Hª½±µ©ñ¨ì²{¦³ªººô¸ô¤¤¡A¦Ó¥B(´X¥G¬O)¥ß§Y¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
-
- <para><application>NanoBSD</application> ´£¨Ñªº¥\¯à¥]¬A¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>¥i¥H©M &os; ¤@¼Ë¨Ï¥Î Ports ©M Packages &mdash;
- ©Ò¦³ªºÀ³¥Îµ{§Ç³£¥i¥H¦b <application>NanoBSD</application> ¤¤ª½±µ¨Ï¥Î¡A
- ¦Ó¤è¦¡»P &os; §¹¥þ¤@¼Ë¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¥\¯àµ·²@¥¼·l &mdash; ¦b &os; °µªº¥ô¦ó¤u§@¡A³£¥i¥H¦b
- <application>NanoBSD</application> ¤¤¨Ï¥Î¡A
- °£«D±z¦b«Ø¥ß <application>NanoBSD</application> ¬M¹³ÀɮɡA
- ¦³«ü©w­n®³±¼¥¦­Ì¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>©Ò¦³ªF¦è¦b¹B¦æ®É³£¬O°ßŪªº &mdash; ¥i¥H¦w¥þ¦a©Þ±¼¹q·½´¡ÀY¡C
- ¨t²Î¤£¥¿±`Ãö¾÷ªº¸Ü¡A¤£¥Î¦A¶] &man.fsck.8; ¤F¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¥i»´ÃP½sĶ¡B¦Û¦æ¥´³y &mdash; ¥u»Ý¨Ï¥Î¤@­Ó shell script ©M¤@­Ó³]©wÀÉ¡A
- ±z¥i¥H»´ÃP¨Ì»Ý¨D¨Ó¶q¨­­q°µ¾A¥Îªº¬M¹³ÀÉ¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 xml:id="howto">
- <title>¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î NanoBSD</title>
-
- <sect2 xml:id="design">
- <title>NanoBSD ªº³]­p</title>
-
- <para>¤@¥¹±N¬M¹³Àɦs¤J´O¤J¦¡µwÅé¡A´N¥i¥H¥Î¥¦¨Ó¤Þ¾É <application>NanoBSD</application>
- ¤F¡C ¹w³]±¡ªp¤U¡AÀH¨­ºÐ·|¹º¤À¬°¤T³¡¤À¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>¨â­Ó¬M¹³ÀɤÀ³Î°Ï¡G <literal>code#1</literal>
- ©M <literal>code#2</literal>¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¤@­Ó³]©wÀɤÀ³Î°Ï¡A¦b¹B¦æÀô¹Ò¤¤¡A
- ¥i¥H±N¨ä±¾¸ü(mount)¨ì <filename>/cfg</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>³o¨Ç¤À³Î°Ï¡A¦b¹w³]±¡ªp¤U¬O¥H°ßŪ¤è¦¡±¾¸ü¡C</para>
-
- <para><filename>/etc</filename> ©M
- <filename>/var</filename> ¥Ø¿ý§¡¬°
- &man.md.4;(malloc)ºÏºÐ¡C</para>
-
- <para>³]©wÀɪº¤À³Î°Ï«h¬O¦b
- <filename>/cfg</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¡C
- ¥¦¥]§t¤F¥Î©ó <filename>/etc</filename>
- ¥Ø¿ýªºÀɮסA¦b±Ò°Ê¤§«á¼È®É¥H°ßŪ¤è¦¡±¾¸ü¡C ¦]¦¹¡A­Y·Q­n­«¶}¾÷«O¯d·sªº³]©w¡A
- ¨º»ò­n°O±o±q <filename>/etc</filename> §â§ï¹LªºÀɮ׽ƻs¦^
- <filename>/cfg</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤~¦æ¡C</para>
-
- <example>
- <title>§â­×§ï¹L <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> ³]©w«O¦s°_¨Ó</title>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>vi /etc/resolv.conf</userinput>
-[...]
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /cfg</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>cp /etc/resolv.conf /cfg</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>umount /cfg</userinput></screen>
- </example>
-
- <note>
- <para>¥u¦³¦b¨t²Î±Ò°Ê¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¥H¤Î»Ý­n­×§ï³]©wÀɪº®É­Ô¡A¤~»Ý­n±¾¸ü§t¦³
- <filename>/cfg</filename> ªº¨º­Ó¤À³Î°Ï¡C</para>
-
- <para>¤@ª½³£±¾¸ü <filename>/cfg</filename>
- ¤£¬O¤@­Ó¦n¥D·N¡A¯S§O¬O·í±z§â <application>NanoBSD</application>
- ©ñ¦b¤£¾A¦X¶i¦æ¤j¶q¼g¤J°Ê§@ªº¤À³Î°Ï®É
- (¤ñ¦p¡G¥Ñ©óÀɮרt²Îªº¦P¨B¤Æ·|©w´Á¦b¨t²ÎºÐ¤º¼g¤J¸ê®Æ)¡C</para>
- </note>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>¥´³y NanoBSD ¬M¹³ÀÉ</title>
-
- <para><application>NanoBSD</application> ¬M¹³ÀɬO³z¹L¨Ï¥Î«D±`²³æªº
- <filename>nanobsd.sh</filename> shell script ¨Ó¥´³yªº¡A³o­Ó script ¥i¥H¦b
- <filename>/usr/src/tools/tools/nanobsd</filename>
- ¥Ø¿ý¤¤§ä¨ì¡C ³o­Ó script «Ø¥ßªº¬M¹³ÀÉ¡A¥i¥H¥Î &man.dd.1; ¤u¨ã¨Ó½Æ»s¨ìÀH¨­ºÐ¤W¡C</para>
-
- <para>¥´³y
- <application>NanoBSD</application> ¬M¹³Àɩһݪº«ü¥O¬O¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/tools/tools/nanobsd</userinput> <co xml:id="nbsd-cd"/>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>sh nanobsd.sh</userinput> <co xml:id="nbsd-sh"/>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/obj/nanobsd.full</userinput> <co xml:id="nbsd-cd2"/>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=_.disk.full of=/dev/da0 bs=64k</userinput> <co xml:id="nbsd-dd"/></screen>
-
- <calloutlist>
- <callout arearefs="nbsd-cd">
- <para>¶i¤J <application>NanoBSD</application> ¥´³y script ªº¥D¥Ø¿ý¡C</para>
- </callout>
-
- <callout arearefs="nbsd-sh">
- <para>¶}©l¥´³y¹Lµ{¡C</para>
- </callout>
-
- <callout arearefs="nbsd-cd2">
- <para>¶i¤J¥´³y¦nªº¬M¹³ÀɩҦbªº¥Ø¿ý¡C</para>
- </callout>
-
- <callout arearefs="nbsd-dd">
- <para>¦bÀH¨­ºÐ¤W¦w¸Ë <application>NanoBSD</application>¡C</para>
- </callout>
- </calloutlist>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>¦Û¦æ¥´³y NanoBSD ¬M¹³ÀÉ</title>
-
- <para>³o¥i¯à¬O <application>NanoBSD</application> ³Ì¬°­«­n¡A
- ¦P®É¤]¬O±z³Ì·P¿³½ìªº¥\¯à¡C ¦P®É¡A¦b¶}µo
- <application>NanoBSD</application> À³¥Îµ{¦¡®É¡A³o¤]¬O¬Û·í¯Ó®Éªº¹Lµ{¡C</para>
-
- <para>°õ¦æ¤U­±ªº«ü¥O±N·|
- <filename>nanobsd.sh</filename> Ū¨ú¥Ø«e©Ò¦b¥Ø¿ýªº
- <filename>myconf.nano</filename> Àɪº³]©w¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sh nanobsd.sh -c myconf.nano</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>¦Û¦æ¥´³yªº¬yµ{¡A¥u»Ý¨â­Ó¨BÆJ¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>¦Û­q¿ï¶µ</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¦Û­q¥\¯à</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <sect3>
- <title>¦Û­q¿ï¶µ</title>
-
- <para>³z¹L­×§ï³]©w¡A¥i¥H³]©w¥Î©ó
- <application>NanoBSD</application> ¥´³y¹Lµ{¤¤ <literal>buildworld</literal>
- ©M <literal>installworld</literal> ¶¥¬qªº½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë¿ï¶µ¡A¥H¤Î
- <application>NanoBSD</application> ¥D­n¥´³y¹Lµ{¤¤ªº¿ï¶µ¡C
- ³z¹L¨Ï¥Î³o¨Ç¿ï¶µ¥i¥H«d´î¨t²Îªº¤Ø¤o¡A¨Ï¤§¯à°÷©ñ¤J
- 64 MB ªºÀH¨­ºÐ¡C ±zÁÙ¥i¥H¶i¤@¨B³z¹L³o¨Ç¿ï¶µ¨Ó«d´î &os;¡A
- ª½¨ì¥¦¥u¥]§t kernel ¥H¤Î¨â¤T­Ó userland Àɮ׬°¤î¡C</para>
-
- <para>³]©wÀɮפ¤¥]§t¥Î¥H¥N´À¹w³]­Èªº³]©w¿ï¶µ¡C²¤¶³Ì­«­nªº´X¶µ³]©w¦p¤U¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><literal>NANO_NAME</literal> &mdash; ¥»¦¸¥´³yªº¦WºÙ(©Ò«Ø¥ß¤u§@¥Ø¿ýªº¦WºÙ)¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><literal>NANO_SRC</literal> &mdash; ¥Î¥H½sĶ¡B¥´³y¬M¹³Àɪº source tree ªº¦ì¸m¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><literal>NANO_KERNEL</literal> &mdash; ³]©w¥Î¨Ó½sĶªº kernel ³]©wÀÉÀɦW¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><literal>CONF_BUILD</literal> &mdash; ¥Î©ó
- <literal>buildworld</literal> ¥´³y¶¥¬qªº¿ï¶µ¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><literal>CONF_INSTALL</literal> &mdash; ¥Î©ó
- <literal>installworld</literal> ¥´³y¶¥¬qªº¿ï¶µ¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><literal>CONF_WORLD</literal> &mdash; ¥Î©ó
- <literal>buildworld</literal> ©M
- <literal>installworld</literal> ³o¨â­Ó¥´³y¶¥¬qªº¿ï¶µ¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><literal>FlashDevice</literal> &mdash; ©w¸q©Ò¥Îªº´O¤J¦¡µwÅéÃþ«¬¡C
- ¸Ô±¡½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <filename>FlashDevice.sub</filename> ÀÉ¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </sect3>
-
- <sect3>
- <title>¦Û­q¥\¯à</title>
-
- <para>³z¹L¦b³]©wÀɮפ¤¨Ï¥Î shell ¨ç¼Æ¡A¥i¥H¶i¤@¨B·L½Õ
- <application>NanoBSD</application>¡C Á|¨Ò»¡©ú¤@¤U¦Û¦æ¥´³y¨ç¼Æªº°ò¥»¤è¦¡¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>cust_foo()(
- echo "bar=topless" &gt; \
- &dollar;{NANO_WORLDDIR}/etc/foo
-)
-customize_cmd cust_foo</programlisting>
-
- <para>¤U­±Á|§ó¹ê»ÚÂIªº¨Ò¤l¡A¥¦·|§â¹w³]ªº
- <filename>/etc</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤j¤p¡A±q 5MB ½Õ¾ã¬° 30MB¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>cust_etc_size()(
- cd &dollar;{NANO_WORLDDIR}/conf
- echo 30000 &gt; default/etc/md_size
-)
-customize_cmd cust_etc_size</programlisting>
-
- <para>°£¦¹¤§¥~¡AÁÙ¦³´X­Ó¹w³]ªº¥\¯à©w¸q¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¦Û­q¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><literal>cust_comconsole</literal> &mdash; ¦b¹w³] VGA Åã¥Ü¥d¤W°±¥Î &man.getty.8;
- (<filename>/dev/ttyv*</filename>)¨Ã±Ò¥Î serial port ªº COM1 ¥H§@¬°¨t²Î console¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><literal>cust_allow_ssh_root</literal> &mdash; ¤¹³\ &man.sshd.8;
- ¥i¥H¥Î <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> ±b¸¹µn¤J¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><literal>cust_install_files</literal> &mdash;
- ±q <filename>nanobsd/Files</filename>
- ¥Ø¿ý¤¤¦w¸ËÀɮסA³o¥]§t¤@¨Ç¹ê¥Îªº¨t²ÎºÞ²z script ¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </sect3>
-
- <sect3>
- <title>³]©wÀÉ®×Á|¨Ò</title>
-
- <para>¤U­±¬O¥Î©ó¦Û¦æ¥´³yªº <application>NanoBSD</application> ¬M¹³Àɪº§¹¾ã¨Ò¤l¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>NANO_NAME=custom
-NANO_SRC=/usr/src
-NANO_KERNEL=MYKERNEL
-NANO_IMAGES=2
-
-CONF_BUILD='
-NO_KLDLOAD=YES
-NO_NETGRAPH=YES
-NO_PAM=YES
-'
-
-CONF_INSTALL='
-NO_ACPI=YES
-NO_BLUETOOTH=YES
-NO_CVS=YES
-NO_FORTRAN=YES
-NO_HTML=YES
-NO_LPR=YES
-NO_MAN=YES
-NO_SENDMAIL=YES
-NO_SHAREDOCS=YES
-NO_EXAMPLES=YES
-NO_INSTALLLIB=YES
-NO_CALENDAR=YES
-NO_MISC=YES
-NO_SHARE=YES
-'
-
-CONF_WORLD='
-NO_BIND=YES
-NO_MODULES=YES
-NO_KERBEROS=YES
-NO_GAMES=YES
-NO_RESCUE=YES
-NO_LOCALES=YES
-NO_SYSCONS=YES
-NO_INFO=YES
-'
-
-FlashDevice SanDisk 1G
-
-cust_nobeastie()(
- touch &dollar;{NANO_WORLDDIR}/boot/loader.conf
- echo "beastie_disable=\"YES\"" &gt;&gt; &dollar;{NANO_WORLDDIR}/boot/loader.conf
-)
-
-customize_cmd cust_comconsole
-customize_cmd cust_install_files
-customize_cmd cust_allow_ssh_root
-customize_cmd cust_nobeastie</programlisting>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>§ó·s NanoBSD</title>
-
- <para>§ó·s <application>NanoBSD</application> ¬Û¹ï &os; ¦Ó¨¥¸û¬°Â²³æ¡G</para>
-
- <procedure>
- <step>
- <para>©M¤§«e¤@¼Ë¥´³y·sªº <application>NanoBSD</application> ¬M¹³ÀÉ¡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>±N·sªº¬M¹³ÀÉ©ñ¤J¥¿¹B¦æªº
- <application>NanoBSD</application> ¤¤¥¼¥Îªº¤À³Î°Ï¤§¤@¡C</para>
-
- <para>»P¤§«e³Ìªì¦w¸Ë <application>NanoBSD</application> ªº¨BÆJ¬Û¤ñ¡A
- ³o¤@¨BÆJ³Ì­«­nªº°Ï§O¦b©ó¡G³o¦¸¤£¥Î <filename>_.disk.full</filename> ÀÉ(¥¦¥]§t¾ã­ÓºÏºÐªº¬M¹³ÀÉ)¡A
- ¦ÓÀ³¦w¸Ë <filename>_.disk.image</filename> ¬M¹³ÀÉ(³o­ÓÀɮפ¤¡A¥u¥]§t¤@­Ó¨t²Î¤À³Î°Ï)¡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>­«·s±Ò°Ê¡A¨Ã±q·s¦w¸Ëªº¤À³Î°Ï¤¤±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>¦pªG¤@¤Á¶¶§Qªº¸Ü¡A¤É¯Å¤u§@´N§¹¦¨¤F¡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>¦pªGµo¥Í¤F¥ô¦ó°ÝÃD¡A«h¥i¥H±q¥ý«eªº¤À³Î°Ï±Ò°Ê
- (¨ä¤¤¥]§t¤Fªº¡B ¥i¥Îªº¬M¹³ÀÉ)¡A¨ÓºÉ§Ö«ì´_¨t²Î¥\¯à¡C
- ±µ¤U¨Ó¥i¥H­×¥¿·s½sĶªºª©¥»¤¤¦s¦bªº°ÝÃD¡A¨Ã­«½Æ«e­z¨BÆJ¡C</para>
- </step>
- </procedure>
-
- <para>­n¦b¥¿¦b¹B¦æªº
- <application>NanoBSD</application> ¨t²Î¤¤¦w¸Ë·sªº¬M¹³ÀÉ¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¦ì©ó
- <filename>/root</filename> ¥Ø¿ýªº
- <filename>updatep1</filename> ©Î
- <filename>updatep2</filename> script ¡A
- ¹ê»Ú¤W­n¥Î­þ¤@­Ó script¡A«h¨ú¨M©ó¥¿¦b¹B¦æªº¨t²Î¬O¦ì©ó­þ­Ó¤À³Î°Ï¦Ó©w¡C</para>
-
- <para>ÀH®É´£¨Ñ·s <application>NanoBSD</application> ¬M¹³ÀɩҴ£¨ÑªºªA°È¡A
- ¥H¤Î±Ä¥Îªº¶Ç¿é¤èªkªº¤£¦P¡A±z¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò¨Ã¨Ï¥Î¤U¦C¤TºØ¤è¦¡¤§¤@¡G</para>
-
- <sect3>
- <title>¨Ï¥Î &man.ftp.1;</title>
-
- <para>¦pªG¶Ç¿é³t«×¬O²Ä¤@­n¨Dªº¸Ü¡A½Ð±Ä¥Î¤U­±¨Ò¤l¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ftp myhost
-get _.disk.image "| sh updatep1"</userinput></screen>
- </sect3>
-
- <sect3>
- <title>¨Ï¥Î &man.ssh.1;</title>
-
- <para>¦pªG·Q§ó¦w¥þªº¸Ü¡AÀ³°Ñ¦Ò¤U­±¨Ò¤l¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ssh myhost cat _.disk.image.gz | zcat | sh updatep1</userinput></screen>
- </sect3>
-
- <sect3>
- <title>¨Ï¥Î &man.nc.1;</title>
-
- <para>¦pªG»·µ{¥D¾÷¬J¤£´£¨Ñ &man.ftp.1; ªA°È¡A¤]¤£´£¨Ñ &man.sshd.8; ªA°Èªº¸Ü¡G</para>
-
- <procedure>
- <step>
- <para>­º¥ý¡A¦b´£¨Ñ¬M¹³Àɪº¥D¾÷¤W¶}±Ò TCP listen¡A¨ÃÅý¥¦§â¬M¹³Àɶǵ¹ client¡G</para>
-
- <screen>myhost&prompt.root; <userinput>nc -l 2222 &lt; _.disk.image</userinput></screen>
-
- <note>
- <para>½Ð½T»{±z©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº port ¨S¦³³Q¨¾¤õÀðªý¤î¨Ó¦Û
- <application>NanoBSD</application> client ªº³s½u½Ð¨D¡C</para>
- </note>
- </step>
- <step>
- <para>³s¨ì´£¨Ñ·s¬M¹³ÀɪA°Èªº¥D¾÷¡A¨Ã°õ¦æ <filename>updatep1</filename> ³o¤ä script¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>nc myhost 2222 | sh updatep1</userinput></screen>
- </step>
- </procedure>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <index/>
-</article>
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/remote-install/article.xml b/zh_TW.Big5/articles/remote-install/article.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index f676dce8ec..0000000000
--- a/zh_TW.Big5/articles/remote-install/article.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,475 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="big5"?>
-<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN"
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/share/xml/freebsd50.dtd">
-<!--
- The FreeBSD Documentation Project
- The FreeBSD Chinese (Traditional) Documentation Project
-
- Original Revision: 1.5
-
--->
-<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="zh_tw">
- <info><title>»·ºÝ¦w¸Ë &os; §@·~¨t²Î¦Ó¤£¥²±µ Remote Console</title>
-
-
- <author><personname><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Gerzo</surname></personname><affiliation>
- <address><email>danger@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
- </affiliation></author>
-
- <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
- &tm-attrib.freebsd;
- &tm-attrib.general;
- </legalnotice>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2008</year>
- <holder>The &os; Documentation Project</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
-
- <releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>
-
- <abstract>
- <para>¥»¤å¤¶²Ð¦p¦ó¦b¨S¿ìªk³s¨ì»·ºÝ console ªº¾÷¾¹°µ &os; »·ºÝ¦w¸Ë¡C
- ¥»¤åºc·Q¨Ó¦Û©ó§@ªÌ»P &a.mm; ªº¦X§@¦¨ªG¡A
- ¥H¤Î &a.pjd; ©Ò§ëª`ªº½Ñ¦h¤ß¦å¡C</para>
- </abstract>
- </info>
-
- <sect1 xml:id="background">
- <title>½t°_</title>
-
- <para>¥@¤W¦³³\¦h server hosting provider¡A¦ý¨ä¤¤¦³©x¤è¤ä´© &os;
- «h¤£¬O¬Û·í¦h¡C ¥L­Ì³q±`·|¦b©Ò´£¨Ñªº¾÷¾¹¤W¦³ &linux; distribution
- ªº¦w¸Ë¤ä´©¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦³¨Ç·|Åý±z¥i¿ï¾Ü³ß¦nªº &linux; distribution ¨Ó¸Ë¡A
- ¹³³oºØ±¡ªp´N¥i¥H¸ÕµÛ¦w¸Ë &os;¡C ¦Ó¦³¨Ç«h¬O·|´£¨Ñ±Ï«æ¥Îªº¨t²Î¡A
- ³oºØ¤]¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¦w¸Ë &os;¡C</para>
-
- <para>¥»¤å¤¶²Ð³o¨Ç»·ºÝ°ò¥»¦w¸Ë &os; ªº¤è¦¡¡A¥H¤Î RAID-1 »P
- <application>ZFS</application> ³]©w¨BÆJ¡C</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 xml:id="intro">
- <title>¤¶²Ð</title>
-
- <para>¯÷ºK¿ý¤@¤U¥»¤åªº¥Øªº¥H¤ÎÄÄ­z³oÃä©Ò²[»\ªºªF¦è¡C
- ¹ï©óµL©x¤è¤ä´© &os; ªº¥NºÞªA°È(colocation)¥Î¤á¦Ó¨¥¡A
- ¥»¤å¤¤©Ò¤¶²Ð¨ìªº«ü¥O·|¬Û·í¦³¥Î¡C</para>
-
- <procedure>
- <step>
- <para>¥¿¦p¥ý«e <link linkend="background">½t°_</link> ©Ò´£¨ìªº¡A³\¦h¦WÁnÁÙ¤£¿àªº
- server hosting ¤½¥q·|´£¨Ñ¤@¨Ç±Ï«æ¥Î¨t²Î¡A¥i¥H³z¹L
- <acronym>LAN</acronym> ¤è¦¡¶}¾÷¡A¤]¥i¥H³z¹L
- <application>SSH</application> ¤è¦¡¶i¦æºÞ²z¡C ³q±`·|¦³¸Ó¥[­ÈªA°È¡A
- ¥HÅý¥L­Ìªº«È¤á¥i¥H³s¶i¨Ó­×´_¦³°ÝÃDªº§@·~¨t²Î¡C
- ¥»¸`¤§«á±N¤¶²Ð¦p¦ó³z¹L±Ï«æ¨t²Î¨Ó¦w¸Ë &os;¡C</para>
- <!-- XXXTR: Solaris has a restore command, something like
- sysrestore, FreeBSD Should have one too. -->
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>¤U¤@¸`·|¤¶²Ð¦p¦ó¦b¥»¾÷³]©w¥H¤Î¥´³y³Ì¤p¥©ªº &os; ¡X¡X
- ¸Óª©³Ì«á·|¦b»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹¤W³z¹L ramdisk ¤è¦¡±Ò°Ê¡A¨Ã¥H
- <application>sysinstall</application> ±q <acronym>FTP</acronym>
- mirror ¯¸¨Ó¦w¸Ë§¹¾ãªº &os; §@·~¨t²Î¡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>¥»¤å¨ä¾l³¡¤À±N¤¶²Ð¦w¸Ëµ{§Ç¡A¥H¤Î <application>ZFS</application>
- Àɮרt²Îªº³]©w¡C</para>
- </step>
- </procedure>
-
- <sect2 xml:id="requirements">
- <title>»Ý¨D</title>
-
- <para>¬°¤F¦¨¥\§¹¦¨»·ºÝ¦w¸Ë¡A¥²¶·­n¦³¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>­n¦³¥i¥H¤Wºôªº§@·~¨t²Î¡A¨Ã¥B <application>SSH</application>
- ¥i¥H³s½u¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>ÁA¸Ñ &os; ªº¦w¸Ëµ{§Ç</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¼ô±x¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î &man.sysinstall.8;</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¦³ &os; ¦w¸Ë¥úºÐ¤ù©ÎªÌ <acronym>ISO</acronym> image ÀÉ</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 xml:id="preparation">
- <title>·Ç³Æ - <application>mfsBSD</application></title>
-
- <para>¦b¸Ë &os; ¤§«e¡A­n¥ý¥´³y³Ì¤p¤Æªº &os; §@·~¨t²Î image ÀÉ¡A
- ¥H«K¥i¥H±qµwºÐ¤W¶}¾÷¡C ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¡A·sªº¨t²Î´N¥i¥H³z¹Lºô¸ô¨Ó¾Þ§@¡A
- ¦Ó³Ñ¤U¨Óªº¦w¸Ë³¡¤À§Y¥i¤£¥²³z¹L console¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦Ó <application>mfsBSD</application> ³o®M¤u¨ã´N¬O¥Î¨Ó¥´³y¤p«¬ªº
- &os; image ÀÉ¡C <application>mfsBSD</application> (¦W¦r¨ä¤¤
- <quote>mfs</quote> ´N¬O <quote>memory file system</quote>)©Ò«Ø³y¥X¨Óªº
- ¾ã®M¨t²Î·|³z¹L ramdisk ¤è¦¡¨Ó¹B§@¡C ¥Ñ©ó¦¹¤@¯S¦â¡AµwºÐªº³¡¤À´N¤£¨ü­­¡A
- ¦]¦¹¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¦w¸Ë§¹¾ãªº &os; §@·~¨t²Î¡C <application>mfsBSD</application>
- ªº­º­¶¦ì©ó <uri xlink:href="http://people.freebsd.org/~mm/mfsbsd/">http://people.freebsd.org/~mm/mfsbsd/</uri>¡A
- ¨ä¤¤³sµ²¦³¸Ó¤u¨ãªº³Ì·s release ³¡¤À¡C</para>
-
- <para>½Ðª`·N¡G<application>mfsBSD</application> ¤º³¡¹B§@¤è¦¡ªº²Ó¸`¡A¤£
- ¦b¥»¤å¤¶²Ð½d³ò¤§¤º¡C ­Y¹ï³o¤è­±¦³¿³½ìªºÅªªÌ¡A¥i¦Ü
- <application>mfsBSD</application> ©xºô¬d¾\¬ÛÃö¤å¥ó¡C</para>
-
- <para>­º¥ý¤U¸ü³Ì·sªº <application>mfsBSD</application> ¨Ã¸ÑÀ£ÁY¤§¡A
- µM«á¤Á¨ì¸ÑÀ£ÁY«áªº¤u§@¥Ø¿ý¡A¤]´N¬O <application>mfsBSD</application>
- script ÀɩҦb³B¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fetch http://people.freebsd.org/~mm/mfsbsd/mfsbsd-latest.tar.gz</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>tar xvzf mfsbsd-1.0-beta1.tar.gz</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>cd mfsbsd-1.0-beta1/</userinput></screen>
-
- <sect2 xml:id="mfsbsd-config">
- <title>³]©w <application>mfsBSD</application></title>
-
- <para>¦b±N <application>mfsBSD</application> ¶}¾÷¤§«e¡A
- ¦³´X­Ó­«­n³]©w­n¥ý³]§´¡C ¦¹®É³Ì­«­nªº³]©w¡A«Ü©úÅã´N¬Oºô¸ô³]©w¡C
- ¨ì©³ºô¸ô«ç»ò³]³Ì¦n¡A«h¨ú¨M©ó©Ò³Bªººô¸ôÀô¹Ò¡A
- ¥H¤Î¸Óºô¸ô¥d·|¥H­þ¤@ºØÅX°Êµ{¦¡¸ü¤J¦Ó©w¡C §Ú­Ì±N·|¬Ý¨ì
- <application>mfsBSD</application> ¦p¦ó¦b¥ô¦óºô¸ô±¡ªp¤U¶i¦æ³]©w¡C</para>
-
- <para>¥t¤@¥ó­«­n¨Æ´N¬O³]©w <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> ±K½X¡C
- ³oÂI¥i¥H³z¹L <filename>conf/rootpw.conf</filename> ¨Ó§¹¦¨¡C
- ½Ð¤Á°O¡G¸ÓÀɱK½X¬O¥H©ú¤å¤è¦¡¦s©ñ¡A¦]¦¹¤£«ØÄ³©ñ¯u¥¿¥­±`¦³¦b¥Îªº±K½X¡C
- µM¦Ó³o±K½X¥u¬OÁ{®É±K½X¦Ó¤w¡A¥i¥H¦b¤§«á¶}¾÷®É¦A°µ§ó´«¡C</para>
-
- <sect3>
- <title>³]©wºô¸ô(<filename>conf/interfaces.conf</filename> ¤è¦¡)</title>
-
- <para>­Y¹ï­n¸Ëªº¾÷¾¹ºô¥d¬°¦óÁÙ¤£ª¾¹D¬O­þ¤@´Ú¡A¦ý¥i¥Hµ½¥[§Q¥Î
- <application>mfsBSD</application> ªº¦Û°Ê°»´ú¥\¯à¡C
- <application>mfsBSD</application> ªº¶}¾÷ script ·|®Ú¾Úºô¥dªº MAC
- ¦ì§}½d³ò¨Ó°»´ú¥¿½TªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A¹³¬O¤U¦Cªº
- <filename>conf/interfaces.conf</filename> ³]©w¤º®e¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>initconf_interfaces="ext1"
-initconf_mac_ext1="00:00:00:00:00:00"
-initconf_ip_ext1="192.168.0.2"
-initconf_netmask_ext1="255.255.255.0"</programlisting>
-
- <para>§O§Ñ¤F¦b <filename>conf/rc.conf</filename> ¤º­n¥[¤W
- <literal>defaultrouter</literal> ªº¬ÛÃö³]©w¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>defaultrouter="192.168.0.1"</programlisting>
- </sect3>
-
- <sect3>
- <title>³]©wºô¸ô(<filename>conf/rc.conf</filename> ¤è¦¡)</title>
-
- <para>­Y¤w¸gª¾¹Dºô¥d¬O­þ¤@ºØ¡A¨º»ò­n³]©wºô¸ôªº¸Üª½±µ§ï
- <filename>conf/rc.conf</filename> ·|¤ñ¸û¤è«K¡C
- ¸ÓÀɳ]©w»yªk»P &os; ¼Ð·Çªº &man.rc.conf.5; ¬O¤@­Pªº¡C</para>
-
- <para>Á|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A­Yª¾¹D¸Ó¾÷¾¹ºô¥d¬O¥Î &man.re.4;¡A¨º»ò´N¦b
- <filename>conf/rc.conf</filename> °µ¤U¦CÃþ¦ü³]©w¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>defaultrouter="192.168.0.1"
-ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0"</programlisting>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 xml:id="mfsbsd-build">
- <title>¥´³y <application>mfsBSD</application> image</title>
-
- <para>¥´³y <application>mfsBSD</application>
- image Àɪº¹Lµ{¬Û·í²³æ¡C</para>
-
- <para>­º¥ý¬O§â &os; ¦w¸Ë¥úºÐ©ÎªÌ¦w¸Ë¥Îªº <acronym>ISO</acronym> image
- ÀÉ¥á¨ì <filename>/cdrom</filename>¡C
- ¬°ºû«ù©Ò¦³¨Ò¤lªº¤@­P¡A¥»¤å°²³]³£¬O¥Î &os; 7.0-RELEASE
- <acronym>ISO</acronym>¡C ¦Ó§â ISO image Àɱ¾¸ü¨ì <filename>/cdrom</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¬Û·í²³æ¡A
- ´N¬O¥Î &man.mdconfig.8;¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -a -t vnode -u 10 -f 7.0-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mount_cd9660 /dev/md10 /cdrom</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>±µµÛ´N¶}©l¥´³y¥i¶}¾÷ªº <application>mfsBSD</application>
- image¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make BASE=/cdrom/7.0-RELEASE</userinput></screen>
-
- <note>
- <para>¤W­zªº <command>make</command> «ü¥O­n¦b
- <application>mfsBSD</application> ªº³Ì¤W¼h¥Ø¿ý°õ¦æ¡A¤ñ¤è»¡ <filename>~/mfsbsd-1.0-beta1/</filename>¡C</para>
- </note>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title><application>mfsBSD</application> ¶}°Ê</title>
-
- <para>²{¦b <application>mfsBSD</application> image ¤w¸g³Æ§´¡A
- ­n¤W¶Ç¨ì»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº±Ï«æ¨t²Î©ÎªÌ¹w¥ý¦w¸Ëªº &linux; distribution¡C
- ­n§¹¦¨³o¤u§@³Ì¾A¦Xªº¤u¨ã´N¬O <application>scp</application>¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>scp disk.img root@192.168.0.2:.</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>¬°¤F¯à¶¶§Q±Ò°Ê <application>mfsBSD</application> image¡A
- ­n§âÀɮשñ¦b±ý¦w¸Ë¾÷¾¹ªº²Ä¤@Áû(¥i¶}¾÷)µwºÐ¤W¡C
- °²³]¨Ò¤lªº²Ä¤@Áû¶}¾÷µwºÐ¥N¸¹¬° <filename>sda</filename>¡A
- ¨º»ò§@ªk´NÃþ¦ü¤U­±³o¼Ë¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/root/disk.img of=/dev/sda bs=1m</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>­Y¤@¤Á¶¶§Q¡A¸Ó image Àɲ{¦bÀ³¸Ó·|¦b²Ä¤@ÁûµwºÐªº
- <acronym>MBR</acronym> ºÏ°Ï¨Ã¥i¥H¶}©l¶i¦æ­«¶}¾÷¤F¡C ¥i¥H¥Î
- &man.ping.8; ¤u¨ã¨ÓÀË´ú¸Ó¾÷¾¹¶}¾÷§¹²¦»P§_¡C ¤@¥¹ ping ¨ì¤§«á¡A
- ´N¥i¥H³z¹L &man.ssh.1; ³s¶i¥h¡A¨Ã¥B¥Î <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
- ¥H¤Î­è³]©wªº±K½Xµn¤J¡C</para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 xml:id="installation">
- <title>&os; §@·~¨t²Îªº¦w¸Ë</title>
-
- <para>²{¦b <application>mfsBSD</application> ¤w¶¶§Q±Ò°Ê¡A¨Ã¥BÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H³z¹L
- &man.ssh.1; ¤è¦¡¨Ó³s¡C ¥»¸`±N¤¶²Ð¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß slice ¤À³Î¡B³]©w
- <application>gmirror</application> ¥H§@ RAID-1¡B¦p¦ó¥H
- <application>sysinstall</application> ¨Ó¦w¸Ë &os;
- §@·~¨t²Îªº³Ì¤p¤Æ¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>·Ç³ÆµwºÐ</title>
-
- <para>­º¥ý­n§@ªº¬O°t¸mµwºÐªÅ¶¡µ¹ &os;¡A¹³¬O«Ø¥ß slice ¸ò¤À³Î°Ï¡C
- «Ü©úÅã¦a¡A¥Ø«e¦b¶]ªº§@·~¨t²Î¬O¸ü¤J¨ì¨t²Î°O¾ÐÅ餺°õ¦æ¡A
- ¦]¦¹­n¹ïµwºÐ°t¸m¨ÃµL¥ô¦ó°ÝÃD¡C ³o¨Ç¤u§@¥i¥H¥Î
- <application>sysinstall</application> ©ÎªÌ¥H &man.fdisk.8; ·f°t
- &man.bsdlabel.8; ¨Ó§¹¦¨¡C</para>
-
- <para>­º¥ý¥ý§â¦UµwºÐ³£¥ý²MªÅ¡C ½Ð¹ï¦UµwºÐ§@¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ad0 count=2</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>±µµÛ¡A¥H±zºD¥Îªº¤u¨ã¨Ó«Ø¥ß slice ¥H¤Î³]©w label¡C ³q±`·|«ØÄ³¥H
- ªº <application>sysinstall</application> ¤u¨ã¨Ó§@·|¤ñ¸û»´ÃP¡A
- ©ÎªÌ¬O±j¦Ó¤S¤£¤Ó·|¥Xºlªº¤å¦r¤¶­± &unix; ¼Ð·Ç¤u¨ã(¹³¬O &man.fdisk.8;,
- &man.bsdlabel.8;)¡A³o³¡¤Àµy«á¤]·|¤@¨Ö¤¶²Ð¡C «eªÌ³¡¤À¦b &os; Handbook
- ªº <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/install-steps.html">¦w¸Ë
- &os;</link> ³¹¸`¦³¬Û·í¸ÔºÉªº¤¶²Ð¡A©Ò¥H³oÃä¥D­n­n¤¶²Ðªº¬O¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß
- RAID-1 ¨t²Î¥H¤Î <application>ZFS</application>¡C
- ³oÃä·|¤¶²Ð«Ø¥ß¥H &man.gmirror.8; °µ¦¨ªº¤p«¬ mirrored Àɮרt²Î¡G
- <filename>/</filename> (®Ú¥Ø¿ý), <filename>/usr</filename> ¥H¤Î <filename>/var</filename>¡A¦ÓµwºÐªº¨ä¾l³Ñ¾lªÅ¶¡«h³q³q¥H
- &man.zpool.8; °µ¦¨ <application>ZFS</application> ªº mirrored Àɮרt²Î
- ¡C ½Ðª`·N¡G¥²¶·­n¥ý§â &os; §@·~¨t²Î¸Ë¦n¨Ã¶}§¹¾÷«á¡A¤~¯à¶i¦æ³]©w
- <application>ZFS</application> Àɮרt²Î¡C</para>
-
- <para>¤U­±ªº¨Ò¤l·|¤¶²Ð¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß slice ¥H¤Î label¡B¦b¨C­Ó¤À³Î°Ï¤W±Ò¥Î
- &man.gmirror.8;¡B¦p¦ó¦b¨C­Ó mirrored ¤À³Î°Ï¤W«Ø¥ß
- <application>UFS2</application> Àɮרt²Î¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fdisk -BI /dev/ad0</userinput> <co xml:id="fdisk"/>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>fdisk -BI /dev/ad1</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -wB /dev/ad0s1</userinput> <co xml:id="bsdlabel-writing"/>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -wB /dev/ad1s1</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -e /dev/ad0s1</userinput> <co xml:id="bsdlabel-editing"/>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel /dev/ad0s1 &gt; /tmp/bsdlabel.txt &amp;&amp; bsdlabel -R /dev/ad1s1 /tmp/bsdlabel.txt</userinput> <co xml:id="bsdlabel-restore"/>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror label root /dev/ad[01]s1a</userinput> <co xml:id="gmirror1"/>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror label var /dev/ad[01]s1d</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror label usr /dev/ad[01]s1e</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror label -F swap /dev/ad[01]s1b</userinput> <co xml:id="gmirror2"/>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/mirror/root</userinput> <co xml:id="newfs"/>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/mirror/var</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/mirror/usr</userinput></screen>
-
- <calloutlist>
- <callout arearefs="fdisk">
- <para>¹ï¸ÓµwºÐ«Ø¥ß slice ¨Ã¥B¦b²Ä¹s­y³B±N¶}¾÷ªí§@ªì©l¡C
- ½Ð¹ï¸Ó¾÷¾¹©Ò¦³µwºÐ³£§@¦¹¤@°Ê§@¡C</para>
- </callout>
-
- <callout arearefs="bsdlabel-writing">
- <para>¹ï¦UµwºÐ¼g¤J label ¥H¤Î bootstrap ½X¡C</para>
- </callout>
-
- <callout arearefs="bsdlabel-editing">
- <para>²{¦b¤â°Ê­×§ï¸ÓµwºÐªº label¡A¦Ü©ó¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß¤À³Î°Ï(partitions)
- ½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.bsdlabel.8; »¡©ú¡C
- ¤À³Î°Ï¤À§O«Ø¥ß¡G<literal>a</literal> ¬Oµ¹ <filename>/</filename> (®Ú¥Ø¿ý)¡A
- <literal>b</literal> µ¹ swap¡A
- <literal>d</literal> µ¹ <filename>/var</filename>¡A
- <literal>e</literal> µ¹ <filename>/usr</filename>¡A
- ³Ì«á¡A·|¦bµy«á¨BÆJ§â <literal>f</literal> µ¹
- <application>ZFS</application> ¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
- </callout>
-
- <callout arearefs="bsdlabel-restore">
- <para>§â­è­èªº label ³]©w¥ý¶×¥X¡A¦A¶×¤J¨ì²Ä¤GÁûµwºÐ¤W¡A
- ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¨âÃ䪺µwºÐ label ³]©w´N·|¦P¼Ë¡C</para>
- </callout>
-
- <callout arearefs="gmirror1">
- <para>¦b¦U¤À³Î°Ï¤W±Ò¥Î &man.gmirror.8;</para>
- </callout>
-
- <callout arearefs="gmirror2">
- <para>½Ðª`·N¡G<option>-F</option> ¿ï¶µ¬O¥Î¦b swap ¤W¡C
- ³o°Ñ¼Æ·|Åý &man.gmirror.8; »{¬°¸ÓµwÅé¬O³B©ó¥i¾aª¬ºA¡A
- §Y¨Ïµo¥Í¹q·½¬G»Ù©Î¨t²Î·í±¼¡A¤]¤£·|¥h¦P¨B¡C</para>
- </callout>
-
- <callout arearefs="newfs">
- <para>¦b¦U­Ó¦³°µ mirror ªº¤À³Î°Ï¤W«Ø¥ß <application>UFS2</application>
- Àɮרt²Î</para>
- </callout>
- </calloutlist>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>¨t²Î¦w¸Ë</title>
-
- <para>³o¸Ì¬O³Ì­«­nªº¤@Àô¡A
- ¥»¸`¤¶²Ð¹ê»Ú¤W¦p¦ó¦b¥ý«e¤@¸`©Ò°µ¦nªºµwºÐ¦w¸Ë³Ì¤p¤Æªº &os;¡A
- ¬°¤F§¹¦¨¦¹¤@¥Ø¼Ð¡A©Ò¦³Àɮרt²Î³£¥²¶·±¾¸ü§´·í¡A¤~¯àÅý
- <application>sysinstall</application> ¥i¥H§â &os; ¸Ë¨ìµwºÐ¤º¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/mirror/root /mnt</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /mnt/var /mnt/usr</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/mirror/var /mnt/var</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/mirror/usr /mnt/usr</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>°µ§¹¤W­z°Ê§@¤§«á¡A½Ð°õ¦æ &man.sysinstall.8;¡C ½Ð±q¥D¿ï³æ¤¤¿ï¾Ü
- <guimenuitem>Custom</guimenuitem> ¦w¸Ë¡A¿ï
- <guimenuitem>Options</guimenuitem> «ö <keycap>Enter</keycap>¡C
- µM«á¥H¤è¦VÁä²¾°Ê¨ì <literal>Install Root</literal> ³B¡A«ö
- <keycap>Space</keycap> ÁäµM«á§ï¬° <filename>/mnt</filename>¡A¦A«ö <keycap>Enter</keycap>
- Áä¥H±N­×§ï­È¦s°_¨Ó¡AµM«á«ö <keycap>q</keycap> Áä§Y¥iÂ÷¶}³o­Ó
- <guimenuitem>Options</guimenuitem> µe­±¡C</para>
-
- <warning>
- <para>½Ðª`·N¡G¥»¨BÆJ·¥¬°­«­n¡A­Y©¿²¤ªº¸Ü¨º»ò
- <application>sysinstall</application> ´N¨S¿ìªk¦w¸Ë &os;¡C</para>
- </warning>
-
- <para>±µµÛ¿ï <guimenuitem>Distributions</guimenuitem>¡AµM«á²¾°Ê´å¼Ð¨ì
- <option>Minimal</option> ³B¡A«ö <keycap>Space</keycap> Áä¡C
- ¥»¤å¤§©Ò¥H¤¶²Ð³Ì¤p¤Æ¦w¸Ë¬O¬°¤F­n¸`¬Ùºô¸ô¬y¶q¡A¦]¬°¨t²Î¦w¸Ë¬O³z¹L
- <application>ftp</application> ¤è¦¡¨Ó¶i¦æ¡C ­nÂ÷¶}¥»µe­±¡A½Ð¿ï
- <option>Exit</option> §Y¥i¡C</para>
-
- <note>
- <para>¦Ü©ó <guimenuitem>Partition</guimenuitem> ¤Î
- <guimenuitem>Label</guimenuitem> ¨BÆJ«h¥i²¤¹L¡A
- ¦]¬°³o¨Ç¥Ø«e¤w¸g³£³]©w§¹²¦¤F¡C</para>
- </note>
-
- <para>¦b <guimenuitem>Media</guimenuitem> ¿ï³æ¤¤½Ð¿ï
- <option>FTP</option>¡C ½Ð¿ï³Ìªñªº mirror ¯¸¡A¨Ã¥BÅý
- <application>sysinstall</application> °²³]ºô¸ô¤w¸g³]§´¡C
- ±µ¤U¨Ó´N·|¦^¨ì <guimenuitem>Custom</guimenuitem> ¿ï³æ¡C</para>
-
- <para>³Ì«á¡A«ö¤U <guimenuitem>Commit</guimenuitem> §Y¥i¶}©l¶i¦æ¦w¸Ë¡C
- §¹¦¨¦w¸Ë«á¡A§Y¥iÂ÷¶} <application>sysinstall</application>¡C</para>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>«áÄò¦w¸Ë¨BÆJ</title>
-
- <para>¦¹®É &os; §@·~¨t²ÎÀ³¸Ó¤w¸g¸Ë§¹¡AµM¦ÓÁÙ¦³¨Ç«áÄò¬yµ{­n°µ¡C
- ¥²¶·­n°µ¤@¨Ç«áÄò³]©w¡A¤~¯àÅý &os; ¥i¥H¶}¾÷¸òµn¤J¡C</para>
-
- <para>²{¦b¥²¶·­n¥Î &man.chroot.8; ¥H¤Á¨ì­è­è·s¸Ë¦nªº¨t²Î¤º¡C
- «ü¥O¦p¤U¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chroot /mnt</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>µM«á¦A¥´¤U¦C«ü¥O¥HÄ~Äò§¹¦¨¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>§â <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel ½Æ»s¨ì
- <filename>/boot/kernel</filename>
- ¥Ø¿ý¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp -Rp /boot/GENERIC/* /boot/kernel</userinput></screen>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>«Ø¥ß <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>,
- <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> ¤Î
- <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> ÀɮסC §O§Ñ¤F¡A­n°O±o¦b
- <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> Àɳ]¬ÛÃöºô¸ô³]©w¡A¥H¤Î§â
- <application>sshd</application> ±Ò¥Î¡C ¦¹¥~¡A
- <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> ÀÉÀ³¸Ó·|ªø¹³¤U­±³o¼Ë¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting># Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#
-/dev/mirror/swap none swap sw 0 0
-/dev/mirror/root / ufs rw 1 1
-/dev/mirror/usr /usr ufs rw 2 2
-/dev/mirror/var /var ufs rw 2 2
-/dev/cd0 /cdrom cd9660 ro,noauto 0 0</programlisting>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>·s¼W <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> ÀÉ¡A
- ¨Ã¥B¤º®e¶ñ¤J¤U¦C¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>geom_mirror_load="YES"
-zfs_load="YES"</programlisting>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>°õ¦æ¤U¦C«ü¥O¡A¥H¦b¤U¦¸¶}¾÷®É±Ò¥Î <application>ZFS</application>
- ¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo 'zfs_enable="YES"' &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf </userinput></screen>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¨Ï¥Î &man.adduser.8; ¤u¨ã¨Ó·s¼W¨ä¥L¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±b¸¹¡C §O§Ñ¤F¡A
- ¦Ü¤Ö­n¦³¤@­Ó±b¸¹±o¥[¤J <systemitem class="groupname">wheel</systemitem> ¸s²Õ¡A
- ¤~¯à¦b­«¶}¾÷«á¥H¸Ó±b¸¹¤Á´«¬° root¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¦A¦¸Àˬd¤W­z¬ÛÃöªº³]©w¡A¬O§_¦³¿òº|©Î¥´¿ù¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>²{¦b¸Ó¨t²Î²×©ó¥i¥H­«¶}¾÷¤F¡A½Ð¥Î &man.reboot.8;
- «ü¥O¥H­«¶}¾÷¡C</para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 xml:id="zfs">
- <title>ZFS</title>
-
- <para>¨t²Î­«¶}¾÷§¹²¦¤§«á¡AÀ³¸Ó´N¥i¥Hµn¤J¤F¡C Åwªï¨Ï¥Î¥þ·sªº &os; ¦w¸Ë¤è¦¡¡A
- §¹¥þ³z¹L»·ºÝ¦Ó¤£¥²±µ¤W remote console¡I</para>
-
- <para>±µ¤U¨Ó¥u³Ñ­n½Õ¾ã &man.zpool.8; ¥H¤Î«Ø¥ß &man.zfs.8; Àɮרt²Î¦Ó¤w¡C
- <application>ZFS</application> ªº«Ø¥ß¤ÎºÞ²z¬O¬Û·í²LÅã©öÀ´¡C ­º¥ý¡A
- «Ø¥ß mirrored pool¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zpool create tank mirror /dev/ad[01]s1f</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>±µµÛ¡A«Ø¥ßÀɮרt²Î¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs create tank/ports</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs create tank/src</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs set compression=gzip tank/ports</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs set compression=on tank/src</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs set mountpoint=/usr/ports tank/ports</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs set mountpoint=/usr/src tank/src</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>¤@¤Á´N¬O³o¼Ë²³æ¡C ­Y¹ï &os; ¤Wªº <application>ZFS</application>
- ²Ó¸`³¡¤À¦³¿³½ì¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ &os; Wiki ¤Wªº <link xlink:href="http://wiki.freebsd.org/ZFS">ZFS</link> ¤@¸`»¡©ú¡C</para>
- </sect1>
-</article>
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/books/Makefile.inc b/zh_TW.Big5/books/Makefile.inc
deleted file mode 100644
index 7f3730bc40..0000000000
--- a/zh_TW.Big5/books/Makefile.inc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#
-# $FreeBSD$
-#
-
-DESTDIR?= ${DOCDIR}/zh_TW.Big5/books/${.CURDIR:T}
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/books/faq/book.xml b/zh_TW.Big5/books/faq/book.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 774de27d1c..0000000000
--- a/zh_TW.Big5/books/faq/book.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11876 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="big5"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V4.5-Based Extension//EN"
- "../../../share/xml/freebsd45.dtd" [
-<!ENTITY bibliography SYSTEM "../../../share/xml/bibliography.xml">
-]>
-
-<!-- The FreeBSD Traditional Chinese Documentation Project -->
-<!-- Original Revision: 1.772 -->
-
-<book lang='zh_tw'>
- <bookinfo>
- <title>FreeBSD 5.X¡B6.X ±`¨£°Ýµª¶°</title>
-
- <corpauthor>FreeBSD ¤å¥ó­pµe</corpauthor>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>1995</year>
- <year>1996</year>
- <year>1997</year>
- <year>1998</year>
- <year>1999</year>
- <year>2000</year>
- <year>2001</year>
- <year>2002</year>
- <year>2003</year>
- <year>2004</year>
- <year>2005</year>
- <year>2006</year>
- <year>2007</year>
- <year>2008</year>
- <holder>FreeBSD ¤å¥ó­pµe</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- &legalnotice;
-
- <legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
- &tm-attrib.freebsd;
- &tm-attrib.3com;
- &tm-attrib.adobe;
- &tm-attrib.creative;
- &tm-attrib.cvsup;
- &tm-attrib.ibm;
- &tm-attrib.ieee;
- &tm-attrib.intel;
- &tm-attrib.iomega;
- &tm-attrib.linux;
- &tm-attrib.microsoft;
- &tm-attrib.mips;
- &tm-attrib.netscape;
- &tm-attrib.opengroup;
- &tm-attrib.oracle;
- &tm-attrib.sgi;
- &tm-attrib.sparc;
- &tm-attrib.sun;
- &tm-attrib.usrobotics;
- &tm-attrib.xfree86;
- &tm-attrib.general;
- </legalnotice>
-
- <releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>
-
- <abstract>
- <para>³o¥÷¤å¥ó¬O FreeBSD 5.X ¤Î 6.X ªº±`¨£°Ýµª¶°¡C
- °£«D¦³¯S§O¥[µù¡A§_«h³o¨Ç¶µ¥Ø³£¾A¥Î©ó FreeBSD 5.0 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¡C
- (¦pªG±ø¥Ø¤º®e¤¤¦³ &lt;XXX&gt; «h¬O©|¥¼§¹¦¨¤¤Ä¶ªº³¡¥÷¡C)
- ¦pªG±z¹ï¨ó§U¥»¤å¥ó/½Ķ­pµeªº¶i¦æ¦³¿³½ìªº¸Ü¡A½Ð±H e-mail ¨ì
- &a.doc;¡C¦¹¥~¡AÀH®É¥i±q <ulink
- url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/index.html">
- FreeBSD ºô¯¸</ulink> ®³¨ì³o¥÷¤å¥óªº³Ì·sª©¥»¡C
- ¤]¥i¥H§Q¥Î HTTP ¨Ó¤U¸ü¤@¥÷Ãe¤jªº <ulink url="book.html">HTML</ulink>
- ¤å¥ó¡A©Î¬O¸g¥Ñ <ulink url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/">
- FreeBSD FTP ¯¸</ulink> ¤U¸ü¯Â¤å¦r¡B&postscript;¡B©Î PDF ª©¥»ªºÀɮסC
- ±z¤]¥i¥H¦b³o¸Ì¨Ï¥Î <ulink
- url="&url.base;/search/search.html">·j´M¸ê®Æ</ulink> ªº¥\¯à¡C</para>
- </abstract>
- </bookinfo>
-
- <chapter id="introduction">
- <chapterinfo>
- <author>
- <firstname>Ying-Chieh</firstname>
- <surname>Liao</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address><email>ijliao@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </chapterinfo>
-
- <title>«e¨¥¡B¤@¯ë°ÝÃD</title>
-
- <para>Åwªï¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD 4.X-6.X FAQ!</para>
-
- <para>¸ò¨ä¥L Usenet ¤Wªº FAQ ¤@¼Ë¡A³o¥÷¤å¥ó²[»\¤F¦³Ãö FreeBSD
- ³o®M§@·~¨t²Î³Ì±`³Q°Ý¨ìªº°ÝÃD (·íµM¥]¬A¤F¦^µª¡I)¡C
- ÁöµM»¡§Ú­Ì¥»¨Óªº¥Øªº¬O¬°¤F´î¤Öºô¸ôÀW¼eªº®ö¶O¡A
- ¥H¤ÎÁ×§K¦P¼Ëªº°ÝÃD¤@¦A¥X²{¡A¦ý¨Æ¹ê¤W FAQ
- ¤w³Q¤½»{¬°¬O­È±o¾\Ūªº¤å¥ó¸ê·½¡C</para>
-
- <para>§Ú­Ì¤w¸g¾¨¥i¯à¦a¨Ï³o¥÷ FAQ §óÂ×´I¤F¡C¦pªG±z¹ï¦p¦ó§ïµ½¡B
- ¶i¨B¤è­±¦³¥ô¦ó«ØÄ³¡A½ÐÀH®É±H¹q¤l¶l¥óµ¹ &a.doc;¡C</para>
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="what-is-FreeBSD">
- <para>¤°»ò¬O FreeBSD¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>²³æ¦a¨Ó»¡¡AFreeBSD ¬O¤@®M¥i¥H¦b Alpha/AXP, AMD64 ¤Î
- &intel; EM64T, &i386; IA-64, PC-98, &ultrasparc; ¤W°õ¦æªº
- UN*X-like §@·~¨t²Î¡A¥¦¬O®Ú¾Ú U.C. Berkeley ©Ò¶}µo¥X¨Óªº
- <quote>4.4BSD-Lite</quote>¡A¨Ã¥[¤W¤F³\¦h <quote>4.4BSD-Lite2</quote>
- ªº¼W±j¥\¯à¡C¥¦¦P®É¤]¶¡±µ¨Ï¥Î¤F U.C. Berkeley ©Ò¶}µo¥X¨Ó¨Ã¥Ñ
- William Jolitz ²¾´Ó¨ì i386 ªº <quote>Net/2</quote>¡A¤]´N¬O
- <quote>386BSD</quote>¡A
- ¤£¹L²{¦b 386BSD ªºµ{¦¡½X¥u³Ñ¤U·¥¤Ö¼ÆÁÙ¯d¦s¦b FreeBSD ¤¤¡C
- ±z¥i¥H¦b <ulink url="&url.base;/index.html">FreeBSD ­º­¶
- </ulink> §ä¨ì FreeBSD ¥H¤Î¥¦¥i¥HÀ°±z°µ¨Ç¤°»òªº¬ÛÃö¸ê°T¡C</para>
-
- <para>FreeBSD ¤w³Q¼sªx¦a³Q¥@¬É¦U¦aªº¤½¥q¦æ¸¹¡BISP¡B¬ã¨s¤H­û¡B
- ¹q¸£±M®a¡B¾Ç¥Í¡A¥H¤Î®a®x¥Î¤á©Ò¨Ï¥Î¡A¥Î¦b¤u§@¡B±Ð¨|¥H¤Î®T¼Ö¤W¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG·Q¬ÝÃö©ó FreeBSD §ó²`¤Jªº¸ê®Æ¡A½Ð¬Ý
- <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/index.html">FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U
- </ulink>¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="FreeBSD-goals">
- <para>µo®i FreeBSD ªº¥Øªº¬O¤°»ò¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD ­pµeªº¥Øªº¬O´£¨Ñ¥i¥H¥ô·N¨Ï¥Î¥B¨S¦³­­¨îªº³nÅé¡C
- §Ú­Ì¦bµ{¦¡½X (¥H¤Î­p±Þ¥»¨­) ¤W¥I¥X¤F¤j¶q¤ß¦å¡A
- ·íµM¤£·|¤¶·N¨ÓÂIª÷¿ú¤Wªº¦^õX¡A¤£¹L§Ú­Ìµ´¹ï¤£·|¦p¦¹°í«ù¡C
- §Ú­Ì¬Û«H§Ú­Ì­º­nªº<quote>¥ô°È</quote>
- ´N¬O´£¨Ñµ{¦¡½Xµ¹¨C¤@­Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A
- ¤£ºÞ¥L­Ì¥´ºâ¥Î¨Ó·F¹À¡F³o»ò¤@¨Ó¡A
- ³o¨Çµ{¦¡½X¤~¯à³Q¥Î¦b³Ì¦h¦a¤è¡A¤]¤~¯àµo´§¥¦­Ì³Ì¤jªº®Ä¯q¡C
- §Ú­Ì¬Û«H³o´N¬O¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé³Ì°ò¥»ªº¥Ø¼Ð¤§¤@¡A
- ¦Ó¥B§Ú­Ì·|ºÉ¥þ¤O¥h¤ä«ù¥¦¡C</para>
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- <para>¦b§Ú­Ì source tree ¤¤¦³³¡¥÷ªºµ{¦¡½X¬O±Ä¥Î©Ò¿×ªº <ulink
- url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING">GPL</ulink> ©Î¬O
- <ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING.LIB">LGPL
- </ulink> ª©Åv«Å§i¡A
- ÁöµM³o¨Çª©Åv«Å§i¬O¥Î¨Ó«O»Ù¦Ó«D­­¨î¨Ï¥ÎªÌªºÅv§Q¡A
- ²¦³º¬O¤£¨º»ò¦Û¥Ñ¤F¨Ç¡C
- ¥Ñ©ó³o¨Ç GPL ªº³nÅé¦b°Ó·~¨Ï¥Î¤W·|¤Þ°_«D±`½ÆÂøªºª©Åv°ÝÃD¡A
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- <para>­Y¤£·Q¥Î package ¤è¦¡¦w¸Ë¡A¨º»ò´N»Ý¤â°Ê¤U¸ü¡B¸ÑÀ£ÁY¡B½Æ»s¨ì§A·Q­nÂ\©ñªº¦ì¸m¥h¡C</para>
-
- <para>Á|¨Ò¡A³¹¸`¼Ò¦¡(split HTML)ª©ªº­^¤å FAQ (À£ÁY¬° &man.bzip2.1;)·|©ñ¦b
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- ­n¤U¸ü¡B¸ÑÀ£ªº¸Ü¡A«h­n¥´¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fetch ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html-split.tar.bz2</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>bzip2 -d book.html-split.tar.bz2</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>tar xvf book.html-split.tar</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>³o®É§A·|¬Ý¨ì¤@°ï <filename>.html</filename> ªºÀɮסA
- ¥D­nªº¥Ø¿ýÀɬ° <filename>index.html</filename>
- ¤º§t¥D¥Ø¿ý¤Î³sµ²¨ì¨ä¥L¤å¥ó¡C(­Y¦³»Ý­nªº¸Ü¡A¤]¥i¥H½Æ»s©Î·h²¾³o¨ÇÀɮרì¦P¤@¥Ø¿ý¤U)</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
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- <question id="mailing">
- <para>­þ¸Ì¦³Ãö©ó FreeBSD ªº¶l»¼½×¾Â(mailing lists)©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¥i¥H±q FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤W­±ªº <ulink
- url="&url.books.handbook;/eresources.html#ERESOURCES-MAIL">¶l»¼½×¾Â(mailing-lists)</ulink>
- ³¡¤ÀÀò±oµª®×¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
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- <question id="newsgroups">
- <para>¦³­þ¨Ç¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îªº FreeBSD ·s»D¸s²Õ(news groups)©O?</para>
- </question>
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- <answer>
- <para>³oµª®×¥i¥H±q FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤W­±ªº <ulink
- url="&url.books.handbook;/eresources-news.html">·s»D¸s²Õ(newsgroups)</ulink>
- ³¡¤ÀÀò±oµª®×¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
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- <answer>
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- <listitem>
- <para>1->generl commands</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>2->system calls and error numbers </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>3->C libraries</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>4->devices and device drivers</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>5->file formats</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>6->games</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>7->miscellaneous information pages</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>8->system maintenance and operation commands</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>¤ñ¦p¡Gpf(4) ´N¬O«ü <command>man 4 pf</command>¡C</para>
- </answer>
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-
- <answer>
- <para>¦³ªº¡A¤j³¡¤Àªº IRC ¥D¾÷³£¦³ FreeBSD ²á¤ÑÀW¹D¡G</para>
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- <itemizedlist>
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- <para><ulink url="http://www.efnet.org/index.php">EFNet</ulink> ªº
- <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> ÀW¹D¬O­Ó FreeBSD ½×¾Â¡A
- ¦ý¥i¤£¾A¦X¨º¨Ç·Q¤£³Ò¦ÓÀò©ÎªÌ·h±Ï§L¥Îªº¡C
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- <hostid>irc.chat.org</hostid> ¶i¤J¡C</para>
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- <listitem>
- <para><ulink url="http://www.efnet.org/index.php">EFNet</ulink> ªº
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- ¦n¤@¨Ç¡A·íµM½Ð¤£­n¤@ªÑ¸£ÀH«K¶Ã°Ý¡C</para>
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- <listitem>
- <para><ulink url="http://www.dal.net/">DALNET</ulink> ªº
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- <para><ulink url="http://www.undernet.org/">UNDERNET</ulink> ªº
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- <para><ulink url="http://www.rusnet.org.ru/">RUSNET</ulink> ªº
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- ³o¸Ì¦P®É¤]¬O¤@¯ë¥æ¬yªº°Q½×¦n¥h³B¡C</para>
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- <listitem>
- <para><ulink
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- ³o¬O Gnome ªº &os; ¨Ï¥ÎªÌÀW¹D¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
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- <para><ulink url="http://freenode.net/irc_servers.shtml">freenode</ulink>
- ªº <literal>#bsdchat</literal> ÀW¹D¡A¥i¥Ñ
- <hostid>irc.freenode.net</hostid> ¶i¤J¡A
- ³o¬O¥xÆWªº &os; ¨Ï¥ÎªÌÀW¹D¡C(UTF-8 ½s½X)</para>
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- <para>¤W­z¨C­ÓÀW¹D³£¤£¤@¼Ë¡A­·®æ­~²§¦Ó¦U¨ã¯S¦â¡A¥B¨Ã¨S¦³¬Û³s¡A
- ¦]¦¹¡A§A±o¦h¤è¹Á¸Õ¤~¯à§ä¨ì¾A¦X¦Û¤vªºÀW¹D¡C
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- <para>¥i¥H±q­þÃäÀò±o FreeBSD ªº±Ð¨|½Òµ{°V½m¤Î§Þ³N¤ä´©©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
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- ¸Ô±¡½Ð¨ì <ulink url="http://www.bsdmall.com/">BSD Mall</ulink>
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- <para>FreeBSD Mall ¦³´£¨Ñ BSD §Þ³N¤ä´©¥I¶OªA°È¡A
- ¸Ô±¡½Ð¨ì <ulink
- url="http://www.freebsdmall.com/">FreeBSD Mall</ulink> ¹î¬Ý¡AÁÂÁ¡C</para>
-
-
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- </qandaset>
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- id="install">
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- <author>
- <firstname>Nik</firstname>
- <surname>Clayton</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address><email>nik@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
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- </author>
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-
- <title>¦w¸Ë</title>
-
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- <question id="floppy-download">
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- <filename>floppies/mfsroot.flp</filename>¡Cimage ÀÉ¥²¶·¥Î¤u¨ã¹³¬O
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- ÀÉ®×(¥Ø«e X ¬° 1 ¸ò 2 ¨â­Ó¡A¥[¤W <filename>floppies/boot.flp</filename>¡AÁ`¦@¬O 3 ­ÓÀÉ®×)¡C</para>
-
- <para>­Y·Q¦Û¤v¤U¸ü distributions ªº¸Ü(¤ñ¦p¥H &ms-dos; Àɮרt²Î®æ¦¡¦w¸Ë)¡A
- ¥H¤U¬O«ØÄ³­n§ìªº distributions ¡G</para>
-
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>base/ (4.X ª©¥»«h¬° bin/)</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>manpages/</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>compat*/</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>doc/</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>src/ssys.*</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
-
- <para>§¹¾ã¦w¸Ë¨BÆJ¥H¤Î¤j³¡¤Àªº¦w¸Ë°ÝÃD¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥Uªº
- <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/install.html">¦w¸Ë FreeBSD</ulink> ³¹¸`</para>
-
- </answer>
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- <question id="floppy-image-too-large">
- <para>­YºÏ¤ù¸Ë¤£¤U image Àɪº¸Ü¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¤@±i 3.5 ­^¦T(1.44MB) ªººÏºÐ¤ù¬O¥i¥H¸Ë¤W 1474560 bytes ªº¸ê®Æ
- ¡A¦Ó¶}¾÷¤ùªº image Àɮפj¤p¹ê»Ú¤W¤]¬O 1474560 bytes¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦b»s§@¶}¾÷¤ù®É¡A±`¨£¿ù»~¦³¡G</para>
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- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>¨Ï¥Î <acronym>FTP</acronym> ¨Ó¤U¸üÀɮ׮ɡA
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- ¡A¤ñ¦p newline(&unix;®æ¦¡) ¨ì¤F§@·~¨t²Î¬° &windows; ªº client ºÝ·|³Q§ï¬° CR-LF(&ms-dos;®æ¦¡)¡A
- ³o·|¨Ï±o image ÀÉ¥»¨­¾D¨ì­×§ï¦ÓµLªk¥¿±`¨Ï¥Î¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦pªG¤U¸üªº image
- Àɮפj¤p­Y»P FTP ¥D¾÷¤W­±ªºÀɮסy<emphasis>¤£¤@­P</emphasis>¡z
- ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð­«·s¨Ï¥Î binary ¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡¤U¸ü§Y¥i¡C</para>
-
- <para>FTP «ü¥O: ¶i¤J FTP ¤§«á¡A¥´ <emphasis>binary</emphasis>
- «ü¥O¡A§Y¥i¤Á´«¨ì binary ¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á¦A¤U¸ü¬ÛÃö image ÀɮסC</para>
- </listitem>
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- <listitem>
- <para>ª½±µ¥Î &ms-dos; ªº <command>copy</command> «ü¥O(©ÎÃþ¦ü
- ªº GUI µ{¦¡¡B©Î¬Oµøµ¡¤Wª½±µ½Æ»s)¨Ó½Æ»s¶}¾÷¥Îªº image ÀɨìºÏ¤ù¤W¡C
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- </itemizedlist>
- </answer>
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-
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- <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/install.html">¦w¸Ë FreeBSD</ulink> ³¹¸`³¡¤À¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
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- <question id="need-to-run">
- <para>­n¶] FreeBSD »Ý­n¤°»òªº°t³Æ©O¡H</para>
- </question>
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-
- <para>&os; ªº©Ò¦³ª©¥»³£¥i¥H¥u¥Î§C¶¥ªº MDA ³W®æÅã¥Ü¥d¡A¤£¹L...­n¶] X11R6 µøµ¡ªº¸Ü¡A
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- ¦w¸Ë &os; 5.X (§t¤§«áª©¥») «h¬O¦Ü¤Ö­n 8 MB ¡C</para>
-
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- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
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- <para>¶ã.. &windows; §â§Úªº¦h­«¶}¾÷ºÞ²z­û(boot manager)®³±¼¤F¡I­n«ç»ò±Ï¦^¨Ó©O¡H</para>
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- §ä¨ì <filename>bootinst.exe</filename> ¤Î <filename>boot.bin</filename> ³o¨â­ÓÀÉ¡A
- ¥H binary ¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡¤U¸ü«á¡A½Æ»s¨ìºÏ¤ù¤W¡A¦A¥Î DOS ¶}¾÷¤ù¶}¾÷¡A
- ±µµÛ¥´Ãþ¦ü¤U­±ªº«ü¥O¡G</para>
-
- <screen><prompt>&gt;</prompt> <userinput>bootinst.exe boot.bin</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>³o¼Ë¡A¦h­«¶}¾÷ºÞ²z­û(boot manager)´N·|­«¸Ë§¹²¦¤F¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¥Î FreeBSD ¶}¾÷¤ù¶}¾÷¡AµM«á¿ï³æ¨ºÃä¿ï Custom installation(¦Û­q¦w¸Ë)¡A
- ¦A¿ï Partition¡A±µµÛ¿ï¾Ü§A­n¸Ë¦h­«¶}¾÷ºÞ²z­û(boot manager)ªºµwºÐ(³q±`¬O²Ä¤@Áû)¡A
- µM«á·|¥X²{ partition editor ªºµe­±¡A³o®É½Ð¤£­n°µ¥ô¦ó­×§ï¡Aª½±µ«ö W Àx¦s¡A
- ³o®Éµ{¦¡´N·|°Ý¬O§_­n½T©w Write ¡A³Ì«á¥X²{ Boot Manager ¿ï¾Üµe­±¡A
- °O±o­n¿ï <quote>Boot Manager</quote> ¡A³o¼Ë´N·|­«·s±N¦h­«¶}¾÷ºÞ²z­û(boot manager)
- ¦w¸Ë¨ìµwºÐ¤W¡C²{¦b¡A´N¤j¥\§i¦¨¥i¥HÂ÷¶}¦w¸Ë¿ï³æ¨Ã­«¶}¾÷¤F¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¥Î FreeBSD ¶}¾÷¤ù©Î¬O¶}¾÷¥úºÐ¶}¾÷¡AµM«á¿ï³æ¨ºÃä¿ï <quote>Fixit</quote>
- ¡A©Î¬O¥H Fixit ¶}¾÷¤ù©Î¬O¥úºÐ¦w¸Ëªº²Ä¤G¤ù(¿ï¾Ü <quote>live</quote> filesystem
- ¿ï¶µ)µM«á´N·|¶i¤J fixit shell ¤F¡A±µµÛ¥´¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para>
-
- <screen><prompt>Fixit#</prompt> <userinput>fdisk -B -b /boot/boot0 <replaceable>bootdevice</replaceable></userinput></screen>
-
- <para>½Ð±N¤W­±ªº <replaceable>bootdevice</replaceable> ­×§ï¬°±z¹ê»Úªº¶}¾÷µwºÐ¥N¸¹
- ¤ñ¦p <devicename>ad0</devicename> (²Ä¤@Áû IDE µwºÐ)
- ¡A©Î¬O<devicename>ad4</devicename> (first IDE disk on
- auxiliary controller), <devicename>da0</devicename> (²Ä¤@Áû
- SCSI µwºÐ)µ¥µ¥¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="boot-on-thinkpad">
- <para>IBM Thinkpad A¨t¦C¡BT¨t¦C©Î X¨t¦Cªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¸Ë§¹ FreeBSD ¤§«á­«¶}¾÷¡A´N·í¤F¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>(¥»°ÝÃD¥D­n¬Oµo¥Í¦b 2000 ~ 2001 ¥|¤ë¶¡®É)³o¨Ç IBM ¾÷¾¹¤Wªº BIOS ¦­´Áª©¥»¦³­Ó¯äÂÎ(bug)·|§â
- FreeBSD ¤À³Î°Ï»~»{¬°¬O FAT ®æ¦¡¤À³Î°Ï¡AµM«á·í BIOS ¸ÕµÛ°»´ú FreeBSD ¤À³Î°Ï®É¡A´N·|·í¤F¡C</para>
-
- <para>®Ú¾Ú IBM ¤è­±ªº»¡ªk<footnote><para>¤@«Ê¨Ó¦Û Keith
- Frechette ªº e-mail <email>kfrechet@us.ibm.com</email>¡C</para></footnote>
- ¡A¥H¤U«¬¸¹/BIOSª©¥»ªº¾÷ºØ¡A¤w¸g³£¦³­×¥¿¡G</para>
-
- <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <thead>
- <row>
- <entry>«¬¸¹</entry>
- <entry>BIOS ª©¥»</entry>
- </row>
- </thead>
-
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>T20</entry>
- <entry>IYET49WW(§t¤§«á)</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry>T21</entry>
- <entry>KZET22WW(§t¤§«á)</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry>A20p</entry>
- <entry>IVET62WW(§t¤§«á)</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry>A20m</entry>
- <entry>IWET54WW(§t¤§«á)</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry>A21p</entry>
- <entry>KYET27WW(§t¤§«á)</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry>A21m</entry>
- <entry>KXET24WW(§t¤§«á)</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry>A21e</entry>
- <entry>KUET30WW</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
-
- <para>³o¨Ç«á´Áªº IBM BIOS ­×­qª©¤j¦h¤w¸g­×¥¿¦¹¤@¯äÂΡCJacques Vidrine ¼gµ¹ &a.mobile; ªº
- <ulink url="http://docs.FreeBSD.org/cgi/mid.cgi?20010427133759.A71732">³o«Ê«H
- </ulink> ¤W­±»¡©ú¤F­Y§A·sªº IBM µ§°O«¬¹q¸£µLªk¶¶§Q¥H FreeBSD ¶}¾÷ªº¸Ñªk¨BÆJ
- (°²³]¥i¥H¤É¯Å©Î­°¯Å BIOS ª©¥»ªº¸Ü)¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG¾÷¾¹¥Îªº¬O¸û¥j¦­ª©¥»ªº BIOS¡A¦Ó¥B¤£¾A¦X§ó·s BIOS ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò¥H¤U§Ú­Ì·|¤¶²Ð¼È®É¸Ñªk¡A
- ±Ð§A¦p¦ó­×§ï FreeBSD ¤À³Î°Ï©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº ID ¡A¨Ã¦w¸Ë¬ÛÃö­×¸Éµ{¦¡¡C</para>
-
- <para>First, you will need to restore the machine to a state where
- it can get through its self-test screen. Doing this requires
- powering up the machine without letting it find a FreeBSD
- partition on its primary disk. One way is to remove the hard disk
- and temporarily move it to an older ThinkPad (such as a ThinkPad
- 600) or a desktop PC with an appropriate conversion cable. Once
- it is there, you can delete the FreeBSD partition and move the hard
- disk back. The ThinkPad should now be in a bootable state
- again.</para>
-
- <para>With the machine functional again, you can use the workaround
- procedure described here to get a working FreeBSD
- installation.</para>
-
- <procedure>
- <step>
- <para>±q <ulink url="http://people.FreeBSD.org/~bmah/ThinkPad/"></ulink>
- ¨Ó¤U¸ü <filename>boot1</filename> ¤Î <filename>boot2</filename> ³o¨â­ÓÀÉ¡C
- §â³o¨â­ÓÀɮשñ¦bºÏ¤ù¡B¥úºÐ©Î¨ä¥LµwºÐ¤W¡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>¥H¤@¯ë¦w¸Ë FreeBSD ¸Ë¨ì ThinkPad ¤W¡A°O±o
- <emphasis>¡y¤£­n¥Î¡z</emphasis> <literal>Dangerously
- Dedicated</literal> ¼Ò¦¡¡C ¦¹¥~¡A<emphasis>¡y¤£­n¡z</emphasis>
- ¦b§¹¦¨¦w¸Ë¤§«á´N­«¶}¾÷¡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>¶i¤J shell¡G(«ö <keycombo action="simul"><keycap>ALT</keycap><keycap>F4</keycap></keycombo>)
- ¤Á´«¨ì<quote>Emergency Holographic Shell</quote> ©Î¬O¿ï³æ¤W­±¿ï¾Ü
- <quote>fixit</quote> shell¡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>¥Î &man.fdisk.8; §â FreeBSD ¤À³Î°Ï ID ¥Ñ <literal>165</literal> §ï¬°
- <literal>166</literal>(OpenBSD©Ò¨Ï¥ÎªºID)¡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>§â­è­è´£ªº <filename>boot1</filename> ¸ò
- <filename>boot2</filename> ³o¨â­ÓÀɮשñ¨ì¥Ø«eªºµwºÐÀɮרt²Î¤W¡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>¥H &man.disklabel.8; §â <filename>boot1</filename> ¤Î
- <filename>boot2</filename> ¦s¨ì§Aªº FreeBSD slice ¤W­±¡C</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -B -b boot1 -s boot2 ad0s<replaceable>n</replaceable></userinput></screen>
-
- <para><replaceable>¡un¡v</replaceable> ¬O§A¸Ë FreeBSD ªº slice¡A
- ½Ð±N <replaceable>¡un¡v</replaceable> §ï¬°²Å¦X§A¨t²Î²{ªpªº slice¡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>­«¶}¾÷¡A¦b boot prompt ·|¬Ý¨ì¦³ <literal>OpenBSD</literal> ªº¿ï¶µ¡A
- ¿ï¥¦¡A³o¼Ë´N·|¥H FreeBSD ¶}¾÷¡C</para>
- </step>
- </procedure>
-
- <para>¥t¥~¡A¦Ü©ó¦p¦óÅý OpenBSD ¤Î FreeBSD ¨Ã¦s¦b¦P¤@¥x IBM ThinkPad ¤W...
- ³o­Ó°ÝÃD´N¥æµ¹¦U¦ì¬Ý­¾­Ì¥h¹Á¸Õ¤F :p</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="install-bad-blocks">
- <para>¦³Ãa­yªºµwºÐ¥i¥H®³¨Ó¸Ë FreeBSD ¹À¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>(¦pªG«Ü°í«ùªº¸Ü)¤]¬O¥i¥H¡A¤£¹L³o·QªkÅãµM¤£¤Ó©ú´¼¡C:(</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG¦b¤@¯ë¸û·sªº IDE µwºÐ¤W¬Ý¨ì¦³Ãa­y¡A«Ü¦³¥i¯à¥Nªí¡G³oÁûµwºÐ§Y±N±¾ÂI¤F¡C
- (¦]¬°¥Ø«e©Ò¦³¸û·sªº IDE µwºÐ¡A¤º³¡³£¦³¦Û°Ê remapping Ãa­yªº¯à¤O¡C
- ¦pªG¬Ý¨ì¦³Ãa­y¡A«hªí¥Ü¥¦¤º³¡¦Û°Ê remapping ¥\¯à¥¢®Ä¡AµLªk³B²zÃa­y¡A
- ¤]´N¬O»¡³oÁûµwºÐ¤w¸g¬OÄY­«·lÃaµ{«×¤F¡C)§Ú­Ì«ØÄ³¶RÁû·sµwºÐ¤ñ¸û°®¯Ü¨Ç­ò¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG¬O SCSI µwºÐ¦³Ãa­yªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¸ÕµÛ°Ñ¦Ò³o­Ó
- <link linkend="awre">¸Ñªk</link>¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="boot-floppy-strangeness">
- <para>¥Î¦w¸ËºÏ¤ù¶}¾÷®É¡A«o¦³¨Ç©Ç²{¶Hµo¥Í¡I³o¬O¤°»ò±¡ªp©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>­Y¬Ý¨ì¤@¨Ç©Ç²§²{¶H¡A¹³¬O¶}¾÷¤ù¶}¾÷¶}¨ì¤@¥b´N·í¤F¡AºÏºÐ¾÷§¹¥þ¨S¥ô¦ó°Ê§@¡B
- ©Î¬O¤£Â_¤ÏÂЭ«¶}¾÷¡A½Ð¥ýÀˬd¥H¤U´X­Ó½u¯Á¡G</para>
-
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>½Ð½T©w¬O§_¬°¥þ·s¡B¨S¦³ºÏ­y¿ù»~ªººÏ¤ù¡H
- (³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î·s¶Rªº¡A¦Ó«DÂø»x¡B®Ñ¥»ªþÃØªº¡A¬Æ¦ÜÁÙ©ñ¦b§É©³¤U¤T¦~¤F...=_="")</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>½Ð½T©w¬O§_¦³¥Î binary(©Îimage)¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡¨Ó¤U¸ü image ÀÉ¡H
- (¤£¥Îı±o¤£¦n·N«ä¡A§Y¨Ï¬O§Ú­Ì¤]´¿·N¥~¥H ASCII ¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡¨Ó¤U¸ü binary ÀɮסI)</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>­Y§A¬O &windows; 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP/2003 ¨Ó¤U¸ü¡B»s§@¶}¾÷ºÏ¤ùªº¸Ü¡A
- ½Ð½T©w¬O§_¦³¦b DOS ¼Ò¦¡¨Ï¥Î <command>fdimage</command> ©Î
- <command>rawrite</command> ³o¨â­Ó¤u¨ãµ{¦¡¡H­èÁ¿ªº³o¨Ç§@·~¨t²Î¡A
- ³£·|¼vÅTµ{¦¡¥hª½±µ¼g¤JµwÅé¡A¹³¬O»s§@¶}¾÷¤ù¤§Ãþªº°Ê§@¡C
- ¦³®É­Ô¡A¦b GUI ¤¶­±¤Wªº DOS shell ¤]¥i¯à·|µo¥Í³o¼Ëªº°ÝÃD¡C
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
-
- <para>¦¹¥~¡Aª½±µ³z¹L &netscape; ÂsÄý¾¹¤U¸ü image Àɪº¸Ü¡A¤]¦³Ãþ¦ü²{¶H¡C
- ©Ò¥H¡A¦pªG¥i¥Hªº¸Ü¡A½Ð§ï¥Î¨ä¥L¥i¥H½Õ¾ã³]©wªº FTP clientºÝµ{¦¡¨Ó¶i¦æ¤U¸ü¡C
- (·íµM¡A­n°O±o½Õ binary ¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡)</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="no-install-cdrom">
- <para>¥Î¥úºÐ¶}¾÷¤ù¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡A¦ý¥úºÐ¶}¾÷«á¡A¦w¸Ëµ{¦¡»¡§ä¤£¨ì¥úºÐ...³o¬O«ç»ò¤F¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³q±`°ÝÃD¦b©ó¥úºÐ¾÷³]©w¿ù»~¡C¥Ø«e«Ü¦h¹q¸£ªº¥X¼t¼Ð·Ç°t³Æ³£¦³¥úºÐ¾÷¡A¨Ã¥B
- ·|¹w¥ý³]©w¬° IDE ³q¹D¤W­± Secondary ªº Slave ³]³Æ¡A¦Ó Secondary ¤W­±ªº
- «o¨S¦³ Master ³]³Æ¡C¥H ATAPI ªº³W®æ¦Ó¨¥¡A³o¬O¿ù»~ªº³]©w¡AµM¦Ó &windows; ªº§@ªk
- ¬O¤£²z·|³o¨Ç³W®æ¤Wªº³]©w°ÝÃD¡A¦Ó¥B¶}¾÷®É BIOS °»´ú¤]·|²¤¹L³oÂI¡C
- ³o¤]´N¬O¬°¤°»ò BIOS ¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¥úºÐ¡A¨Ã¥B¥i¥Î¥úºÐ¶}¾÷¡A¦ý FreeBSD
- µLªk¥¿±`§ì¨ì¥úºÐ¥H¶¶§Q¶i¦æ¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
-
- <para>¸Ñªk¡G­«·s³]©w¨t²Î¡AÅý¥úºÐ¦¨¬°¥¦©Ò³s±µ¨º±ø IDE ³q¹Dªº Master¡A
- ©ÎªÌ¥u¦³¤@±ø IDE ³q¹Dªº¸Ü¡A¨º´NÅý¥úºÐ¾÷¦¨¬° Slave
- ¡A·íµM¸Ó IDE ³q¹D¤W¦Ü¤Ö­n¦³ Master ³]³Æ¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="install-PLIP">
- <para>§Ú¥i¥H¥Î PLIP(Parallel Line IP)¤è¦¡¨Ó¦w¸Ë FreeBSD ¨ìµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤W¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥i¥H¡A¥Î¤@±ø´¶³qªº Laplink ½u´N¥i¥HÅo¡C­Y¦³³o¤è­±»Ý¨Dªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤¤ªº
- <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/network-plip.html">PLIP
- ³¹¸`</ulink> ªº²Ó³¡³]©w</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="geometry">
- <para>¸Ó¥Î­þ¤@ºØµwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <note>
- <para>³o¸Ìªº¡yµwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)¡z¡A«üªº¬OµwºÐ¤Wªº
- ¡ucylinders¡v¡B¡uheads¡v¡B¡usectors/track¡v ³o¤T­Ó³]©w°Ñ¼Æ¡C
- ±µ¤U¨Óªº¤å³¹¤º¡A¬°¤F¤è«K¤¶²Ð¡A±N²ºÙ¬°¡yC/H/S¡z¡C
- ³o¨Ç³]©w°Ñ¼Æ¬OÅý PC ¤Wªº BIOS ¯à¶¶§Q¦a¥¿±`§P§OµwºÐ¡A
- »PµwºÐ¥»¨­Åª¼gªº­«­n¦]¯À¡C</para>
- </note>
-
- <para>¹ï­è±µ¤âªº¨t²ÎºÞ²zªÌ·s¤â¦Ó¨¥¡A³o¨Ç³]©w°Ñ¼Æ±`³y¦¨¤@¨Ç§xÂZ¡C
- ­º¥ý¡ASCSI µwºÐ¤Wªº <emphasis>physical</emphasis> geometry
- ¸ò FreeBSD ¤Wªº disk blocks ¬O§¹¥þµLÃöªº¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A
- ´NµwºÐ¤WºÏ°Ï±K«×ªºÅܤƦӨ¥¡A¨Ã¨S¦³©Ò¿×¡yphysical geometry¡z³oºØªF¦è¡C
- µwºÐ»s³y°Ó©Ò»¡ªº¡yphysical geometry¡z³q±`¬O«ü¡G
- µwºÐ¤W©Ò¨Ï¥Î³Ì¤pªÅ¶¡¨Ó¦s©ñ¸ê®Æªº³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)¡C
- ¥H IDE µwºÐ¦Ó¨¥¡AFreeBSD ¥Î¥H¦s¨úµwºÐ³]©wªº¤è¦¡¬O C/H/S ¡A
- µM¦Ó¡A¥Ø«e¥«­±¤WªºµwºÐ¦­´N¦b¤º³¡¹B§@®É¡A´N¦Û°ÊÂà´«¬° block ¤è¦¡
- ¤F¡C</para>
-
- <para>¯u¥¿ÃöÁ䪺¦a¤è¡A¨ä¹ê¬O¦b©ó ¡y<emphasis>logical</emphasis>
- geometry¡z¡X ³o¬O BIOS °»´úµwºÐ®É©Ò±o¨ìªº³]©w¡A¨Ã¥B¥Î¨Ó¨M©wµwºÐ¦s¨ú¤è¦¡¡C
- ¥Ñ©ó FreeBSD ¬O±Ä¥Î BIOS ªº°»´ú³]©w­È¡A©Ò¥H¦p¦ó¨ÓÅý BIOS °»´ú¨ìªº³]©w­È«O«ù¥¿½T¡A
- ¬O¤Q¤À­«­n¡C¤×¨ä¬O¦P¤@ÁûµwºÐ¤W¦³¦h­Ó§@·~¨t²Îªº±¡ªp¡A
- ¥¦­Ì³£¥²¶·±Ä¥Î¤@­PªºµwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)¡A
- §_«h´N·|¦³¶}¾÷¶i¤£¥h§@·~¨t²ÎªºÄY­«°ÝÃD¤F¡C</para>
-
- <para>¥H SCSI µwºÐ¦Ó¨¥¡AµwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)¬O¥Ñ SCSI ¥d¤Wªº
- extended translation(³q±`«üªº¬O¦³¼Ð¥Ü <quote>support &gt;1GB</quote>(¤ä´© 1GB ¥H¤W®e¶q¡A©ÎÃþ¦ü¦Wµü)
- ¤ä´©»P§_¨Ó§@¨M©w¡C
- ¦pªG¤£¤ä´©¡A¨º»ò´N·|±Ä¥Î <replaceable>N</replaceable> cylinders¡B
- 64 heads¡B 32 sectors/track §@¬°µwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)¡A³o¸ÌÁ¿ªº¡y<replaceable>N</replaceable>¡z
- ¬O«üµwºÐªº®e¶q(³æ¦ì¡GMB)¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¨Ó»¡¡A¤@Áû 2GB µwºÐÀ³¸Ó¬O
- 2048 cylinders¡B64 heads¡B32 sectors/track¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG¸Ó SCSI ¦³¤ä´©¨Ï¥Î extended translation ªº¸Ü¡A
- (³q±`³o­Ó¤è¦¡¦b &ms-dos; ¨Ï¥Î¤W¦³¬Y¨Ç­­¨î)¡A¨Ã¥BµwºÐ®e¶q¤j©ó 1GB¡A
- ¨º»òµwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)´N·|¨Ï¥Î¹³¬O¡G
- M cylinders¡B255 heads¡B¨CºÏ­y 63 sectors(½Ðª`·N¡G¤£¬O¡y64¡z®@)¡A
- ³o¸ÌÁ¿ªº¡y<literal>M</literal>¡z¬O«üµwºÐªº®e¶q(³æ¦ì¡GMB)¦A°£¥H
- 7.844238 ©Ò±o¥Xªº¼Æ­È³á¡I©Ò¥H¡A³o­Ó¨Ò¤lªº¸Ü¡A¦P¼Ë¬O 2GB µwºÐÀ³¸Ó¬O
- 261 cylinders¡B255 heads¡B¨CºÏ­y 63 sectors¡C</para>
-
- <para>­Y¹ï¤W­±Á¿ªº¤£ÁA¸Ñ¡A©Î¬O FreeBSD ¦b¦w¸Ë®É©Ò°»´ú¨ìªºµwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)
- ¦³°ÝÃDªº¸Ü¡A³Ì²³æªº¸Ñªk³q±`¬O¦bµwºÐ¤W«Ø¥ß¤@¶ô¤p¤pªº DOS ¤À³Î°Ï(partition)¡C
- ³o¼Ë¤@¨Ó¡A´N¥i¥H°»´ú¨ì¥¿½TªºµwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ¤F¡A¦Ó¥B¡A
- ¦pªG¤£·QÄ~Äò¯dµÛ¨º¤p¶ô DOS ¤À³Î°Ïªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥HÀH®É¥Î partition editor
- ¨Ó®³±¼¥¦¡C©ÎªÌ§â¥¦¯dµÛ·í§@ºô¸ô¥dÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨Ï¥Î¡A©ÎÀH§A°ª¿³«ç»ò¥Î¥¦¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦¹¥~©O¡A¦³­Ó§K¶O¦n¥Îªº¤u¨ãµ{¦¡¥s°µ¡y<filename>pfdisk.exe</filename>¡z¡A
- ³o­Óµ{¦¡©ñ¦b¦U FreeBSD FTP ¯¸©Î¥úºÐªº <filename>tools</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡A
- ¥¦¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó§ä¥XµwºÐ¤W¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Î©Ò¨Ï¥ÎªºµwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ¡A
- µM«á´N¥i¥H¦b partition editor ¤º¿é¤J­è­è§ä¨ìªº¨º¨Ç³]©w°Ñ¼Æ´N¥i¥H¤F¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="disk-divide-restrictions">
- <para>¤À³ÎºÏºÐ¾÷®É¦³¥ô¦ó­­¨î¶Ü¡S</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦³¡A§A¥²¶·½T»{§Aªº root ¤À³Î°Ï¬O¦b 1024 cylinders ¤§¤º¡AÅý
- BIOS ¥i¥H±q¨ä¤¤±Ò°Ê®Ö¤ß¡C(ª`·N¡G³o¬O PC ªº BIOS ¥\¯à­­¨î¡A¦Ó¤£
- ¬O FreeBSD ªº)</para>
-
- <para>¥H SCSI µwºÐ¦Ó¨¥¡A³q±`¬O§â <literal>root</literal> (<filename>/</filename>)
- ¤À³Î°Ï©ñ¨ìµwºÐ³Ì«e­±ªº 1024MB (¦pªG¦³¤ä´© extended translation ªº¸Ü¡A
- ¨º»ò¬O³Ì«e­±ªº 4096MB ¡X ³oÂI½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤W¤@¤p¸`)¡C¦Ó IDE µwºÐªº¸Ü¡A¬Û¹ïÀ³ªº«h¬O 504MB¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="disk-manager">
- <para>¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î­þ¨ÇºÏºÐºÞ²zµ{¦¡(disk managers)©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD ¥i¥H¥Î Ontrack Disk Manager ¨Ã¥B¹B§@¥¿±`¡A
- ¦Ü©ó¨ä¥Lªº disk manager «h¤£¦b¥¿¦¡¤ä´©¤§¦C¡C</para>
-
- <para>­Y¾ãÁûµwºÐ¥u¸Ë FreeBSD ¡A¨º»ò´N¤£¥Î¦A¸Ë disk manager ¤F¡C
- ¥u­n§âµwºÐ³]©w¬° BIOS ©Ò¯à§ì¨ìªº³Ì¤jªÅ¶¡¡A¨º»ò FreeBSD ´N¥iºâ¥X¹ê»Ú¤W¥i¨Ï¥ÎªºªÅ¶¡¤F¡C
- ¦pªG¡A¥¿¦b¨Ï¥Îªº¬O¥j¦­ MFM ±±¨î¥dªºÂ¦¡µwºÐ¡A
- ¨º»ò´N»Ý­n¦b FreeBSD¤º§@ cylinders ¬ÛÃö³]©w¤F¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG·Q¦bºÏºÐ¤W¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD ©M¥t¥~ªº§@·~¨t²Î¡A¤]¥i¥H¤£¸Ë disk manager¡A
- ¥u­n½T©w FreeBSD ªº±Ò°Ê¤À³Î°Ï¸ò¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Îªº slice ³£¦ì©ó¶}©lªº 1024 cylinders
- ¤º´N¥i¥H¤F¡C¦pªG§A¬Û·í¦a°ª©úªº¸Ü¡A¤@­Ó 20MB ªº±Ò°Ê¤À³Î°ÏÀ³¸Ó´N°÷¥Î¤F¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="missing-os">
- <para>FreeBSD ¦w¸Ë§¹²¦«á­«¶}¾÷¡A¦ý¬O¹q¸£«o»¡ <errorname>Missing Operating
- System</errorname>³o¬O«ç»ò¤F¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³q±`­ì¦]¥X¦b FreeBSD ¤Î DOS ©Î¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Î¦bµwºÐªº <link
- linkend="geometry">³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)</link>¤Wªº³W¹º¦³¬Û½Ä¡C¸Ñªk¬O­«¸Ë¡A¦ý¬O½Ð·Ó
- ¤W­zªº¬ÛÃö³¹¸`¨BÆJ¨Ó°µ¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="stop-at-boot-manager">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò¾÷¾¹¤W¦h­«¶}¾÷ºÞ²z­û(boot manager)¥X²{¤F <prompt>F?</prompt> ³o­Ó¿ï³æµe­±¡A
- ¦ý«o¤£·|¦Û°Ê¸õ¹L¦ÓÄ~Äò¶}¾÷©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o­Ó¯gª¬¬O¥»¤å¤W­±©Ò´£ªº¥t¥~¤@­Ó°ÝÃD¤F¡A­ì¦]¦b©ó BIOS ¤W¸ò FreeBSD
- ¤W­±¨âÃ䪺µwºÐªº <link linkend="geometry">³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)</link> ¨Ã¤£¤@­P¡C
- ­Y§AµwºÐ©Î BIOS ¤ä´© cylinder translation
- (³q±`·|³Q¼Ð¬° <quote>support &gt;1GB(¤ä´© 1 GB¥H¤W®e¶q)</quote>ªº¸Ü¡A
- ¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý§ó§ï¬ÛÃö³]©w¡A¨Ã­«¸Ë FreeBSD¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="need-complete-sources">
- <para>¦w¸Ë FreeBSD ®É¡A»Ý­n¦w¸Ë§¹¾ãªº sources ¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A³o¬O¥Î¤£µÛªº¡CµM¦Ó¡A§Ú­Ì±j¯P«ØÄ³±zªº source ¦Ü¤Ö­n¸Ë
- <literal>base</literal>(¥]§t¤F¥»¤å¤¤©Ò´£ªº¤@¨ÇÀÉ®×)¡B¥H¤Î
- <literal>sys</literal> (kernel ªº source ÀÉ)¡C
- ÁöµM¡A§@·~¨t²Î¥»¨­¹B¬O¤£»Ý­n¸Ë source ÀÉ¡A¦ý¬O &man.config.8; ³o­Ó kernel³]©wµ{¦¡«h»Ý­n src ¡C
- ­Y¨S¸Ë kernel ªº source ÀÉ¡A¤´µM¥i¥H¥Î¨ä¥L¦a¤è³z¹L NFS ±¾¸üªº°ßŪÀɮרt²Î¡A
- ¨Ó½s͵{¦¡¡C
- ¦ý¥Ñ©ó kernel-source ¥»¨­ªº­­¨î¡A§Ú­Ì«ØÄ³¤£­nª½±µ mount ¦b <filename>/usr/src</filename>¡A
- ³Ì¦n¬O¥Î symbolic link(°Ñ¾\ &man.ln.1;) ±N±¾¸üªº¸ô®|¡A³]©w³sµ²¨ì<filename>/usr/src</filename>
- ¥Ø¿ý¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦b¾÷¾¹¤Wª½±µ¸Ë¦³ source ¨Ã¥BÁA¸Ñ¬ÛÃö½s͹Lµ{¡A³o¼Ë¤l¤é«á¤É¯Å
- FreeBSD ·|¨Ó±o¤è«K¦h¡C</para>
-
- <para>­Y§Ñ¤F¸Ë¬ÛÃö source ªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H¨Æ«á¥Î <command>sysinstalll</command>
- (&os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>) ¨Ó¸É¸Ë¡A¿ï³æ¡GConfigure ¡÷ Distributions ¡÷ src¡C
- </para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="need-kernel">
- <para>»Ý­n­«·s build kernel ¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦b«Ü¤[«Ü¤[¥H«e¡A­ì¥»­«·s build kernel ¦b FreeBSD ¦w¸Ë¹Lµ{¤¤¡A
- ¬Oµ´¹ï¥²»Ýªº¨BÆJ¤§¤@¡C¦ý¥Ø«e¦­´N¤£¥Î³o»ò³Â·Ð¤F¡A
- ¥Ø«e¥D­n±`¨£ªºª©¥»³£¨Ï¥Î§ó¤Íµ½ªº kernel ³]©w«ü¥O¡C
- &os; 4.X(§t¤§«eª©¥»)¡A¦b FreeBSD ±Ò°Ê´£¥Ü¸¹(boot:)®É¡A¨Ï¥Î <option>"-c"</option> flag
- ´N·|¶i¤J³]©wµe­±¡A¨Ó¹ï kernel §@±`¨£ªº ISA ¥d²Ó¸`³]©w¡C
- ¦Ó &os; 5.X(§t¤§«áª©¥»)ªº¸Ü¡A«h¬O¥H§ó¨ã¼u©Êªº "hints" ³]©w¤è¦¡¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG·Q§ó¸`¬Ù RAM ªº¨Ï¥Î¡BÁYµu¶}¾÷¬yµ{¡A¨º»ò«ØÄ³¡G·sªº kernel ³]©wÀÉ¥u­n¥]§t§A»Ý­nªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A
- µM«á­«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë kernel ¨Ã­«¶}¾÷¡CµM¦Ó©O¡A³oÂI¹ï¤j¦h¼Æªº¨t²Î¨Ó»¡¡A
- ³o¤£¤@©w¬O¥²­nªº¡C</para>
-
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="password-encryption">
- <para>±K½X½s½X¸Ó±Ä¥Î DES¡BBlowfish ©Î MD5 ªº­þ¤@ºØ¡H¸Ó«ç»ò³]©w©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD ¹w³]ªº±K½X½s½X¤è¦¡¬O±Ä <emphasis>MD5</emphasis>¡C
- ´N±K½X½s½X¤è¦¡¦Ó¨¥¡AMD5 ¤è¦¡¤@¯ë³Qµø¬°¤ñ¶Ç²Î &unix; ªº <emphasis>DES</emphasis> ¤è¦¡¸û¬°¦w¥þ¡C
- µM¦Ó¡A­Y¦³»Ý­n¦b¨Ï¥ÎÂÂÀô¹Ò(¸û¤£¦w¥þªº±K½X½s½X¤è¦¡ªº)¡ADES ±K½X½s½X¤è¦¡¤@¼Ë¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡C
- (­Y¨Ï¥Î sysinstall ®É¦³¿ï¾Ü <quote>crypto</quote> ®M¥ó¡A©Î¬O±q source ¤º½sͦw¸Ë)
- ¦³¸Ë crypto ªº¸Ü¡Acrypto libraries ¤]¤ä´©§ó¦w¥þªº Blowfish ½s½X¤è¦¡¡C</para>
-
- <para>±K½X½s½Xªº¤è¦¡¬O¥Ñ <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename> ¤ºªº
- <quote>passwd_format</quote> Äæ¦ì¨Ó¨M©wªº¡C¸ÓÄæ³]©w­È¡A(­Y¦³¸Ë crypto ªº¸Ü)¥i¥H¬O
- <quote>des</quote> ©Î <quote>blf</quote> ©Î¬O­ì¥»ªº <quote>md5</quote>¡C
- ¸Ô±¡½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.login.conf.5; »¡©ú¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="boot-floppy-hangs">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò¶}¾÷ºÏ¤ù¶}¨ì¤@¥b¡A´N¥X²{
- <literal>Probing Devices...</literal> ªºµe­±°T®§¡AµM«á´N°±¦í¤F¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
-
- <para>­Y¾÷¾¹¤W¦³¸Ë IDE ¤¶­±ªº Iomega &iomegazip; ©Î¬O &jaz; ªº¸Ü¡A
- ¦]¬°³o¨Ç³]³Æ¥i¯à¸ò¶}¾÷¤ù¦³¬Û½Ä¡A½Ð¥ý®³±¼³o¨Ç³]³Æ¦A­«¸Õ¡C
- ·í¾ã­Ó§@·~¨t²Î¸Ë¦n«á¡A´N¥i¥H§â³o¨Ç³]³Æ±µ¦^¥h¨Ï¥Î¤F¡C
- §Æ±æ³oÂI¦b¤é«á release ªº FreeBSD ¥i¥HÀò±o¹ý©³¸Ñ¨M¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="panic-on-install-reboot">
- <para>¨t²Î¸Ë§¹¨Ã­«¶}¾÷«á¡A¬°¤°»ò«o¥X²{ <errorname>panic: can't mount root</errorname>¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o­Ó¿ù»~¬O¦]¬°±Ò°ÊºÏ°Ï¸ò kernel ¨âªÌ¹ïºÏºÐ¸Ë¸mªº»{ª¾¤£¬Û¦P¡C
- ³q±`³o°ÝÃD·|µo¥Í¦b¦³¨âÁû IDE µwºÐªº¨t²Î¡A¤ñ¦p¡GµwºÐ Jumper ³]©w¬° Master¡B
- ©Î¬O¨â±ø IDE ±Æ½u¦U¥u³s±µ¤@ÁûµwºÐ¡A¦ý¬O¸Ë FreeBSD ¨ºÁû¶}¾÷µwºÐ¡A
- «o±µ¦b Secondary IDE ±Æ½u¤W¡C
- ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¡A¦b¶}¾÷®É·í kernel «ü©w²Ä¤G­Ó IDE ±±¨î¾¹ªº²Ä¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¾÷ ad2¡A
- ±Ò°ÊºÏ°Ï«o»{¬°¨t²Î¬O¸Ë¦b ad0(BIOS°»´úªº²Ä¤GÁûµwºÐ)¡I
- °»´ú§¹¸Ë¸m«á¡Akernel ¸ÕµÛ§â±Ò°ÊºÏ°Ï©Ò»{¬°ªº¶}¾÷µwºÐ(ad0) mount
- °_¨Ó¡A¨Æ¹ê¤WÀ³¸Ó¬O ad2 ¤~¹ï¡A©Ò¥H´N·|¥X²{¤W­±ªº¿ù»~°T®§¤F¡C</para>
-
- <para>¸Ñªk¦p¤U¡A½Ð¿ï¾Ü¨ä¤¤¤@ºØ¤è¦¡´N¦n¡G</para>
-
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>­«¶}¾÷¨Ã¦b¥X²{¡y<literal>Booting kernel in 10 seconds; hit [Enter] to interrupt</literal>¡z
- ´£¥Üªº®É­Ô¡A«ö¤U <keycap>Enter</keycap>Áä¡C
- ³o¼Ë¤l´N·|¶i¤J boot loader µe­±¡G</para>
-
- <para>½Ð¿é¤J
- <literal>
- set
- root_disk_unit="<replaceable>disk_number</replaceable>"
- </literal> ³o¸Ìªº¡y<replaceable>disk_number</replaceable>¡z½Ð¨Ì¾Ú±¡ªp´«¦¨¬ÛÃö¥N¸¹¡G
- ­Y FreeBSD µwºÐ¬O³]©w¸Ë¦b Primary IDE ±µ½uªº Master¡A´N³]¬° 0 ¡F
- ­Y¬O Primary IDE ±µ½uªº Slave¡A´N³]¬° 1¡F
- ­Y¬O Secondary IDE ±µ½uªº Master¡A´N³]¬° 2¡F
- ­Y¬O Secondary IDE ±µ½uªº Slave¡A´N³]¬° 3¡C</para>
-
- <para>±µµÛ½Ð¦A¿é¤J <literal>boot</literal>¡AµM«á¨t²ÎÀ³¸Ó´N¥i¥H¥¿±`¶}¾÷¤F¡C</para>
-
- <para>­Y­n¨C¦¸¶}¾÷³£¦Û°Ê³]©w¡A¦Ó¤£¥²¨C¦¸³£¥´¤@¦¸¡A¨º»ò´N¦b <filename>/boot/loader.conf.local</filename>
- Àɮפº¥[¤W <literal>root_disk_unit="<replaceable>disk_number</replaceable>"</literal>
- ³o¦æ
- (·íµM¡A¡y<replaceable>disk_number</replaceable>¡z­n§ï¦¨¬ÛÃö¥N¸¹)</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>§â FreeBSD µwºÐ§ï±µ¨ì Primary IDE ±µ½u¤W¡A¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó´N¥i¶¶§Q¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="memory-limits">
- <para>°O¾ÐÅé³Ì¤j­­¨î¬°¦h¤Ö¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¤@¯ë &i386; ¾÷¾¹¤W³Ì¦h¥i¤ä´©¨ì 4 GB(gigabytes)¡C
- ¦Ó¦Û &os; 4.9 ¤Î 5.1 ¥i¥H¶}©l¨Ï¥Î &man.pae.4; ¨Ó¤ä´©§ó¦hªº°O¾ÐÅé¡C
- ¦³Ãö³oÂI¡A»Ý­n¦b kernel ³]©wÀɤº¥[¤J¤U¦C¤º®e¨Ã­«·s½sĶ kernel¡A¤~¯à¨Ï¥Î PAE¡C</para>
-
- <programlisting>options PAE</programlisting>
-
- <para>&os; ¦b pc98 ¾÷¾¹¤W³Ì¦h«h¥u¤ä´© 4 GB ¡A¦Ó¥B¤£¯à¨Ï¥Î PAE¡C
- ¦b Alpha ¾÷¾¹¤W¡A°O¾ÐÅé­­¨î¤è­±­nµø©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº«¬¸¹¤ä´©µ{«×¦Ó©w¡A³oÂI½Ð°Ñ¾\
- ©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº Alpha µwÅé³W®æªí¡C¦Ü©ó¨ä¥L¬[ºcªº &os; ²z½×¤W³Ì¦h¥i¨Ï¥Îªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A¦³¸û¦hªº­­¨î¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ffs-limits">
- <para>Àɮרt²Î³Ì¤j­­¨î¬°¦h¤Ö¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>´NÀɮרt²Î¤è­±¡A²z½×¤Wªº­­¨î¬O³Ì¦h¨ì 8TB(2G blocks)¡A
- ©Î¬O¨Ï¥Î¤º©w 8K block ¤j¤p®É¡A­­¨î¬O 16TB¡C
- ¹ê»Ú¤W¡A¥Ø«e³nÅé¨Ï¥Î¤W­­¨î¥u¯à¥Î¨ì 1 TB¡A
- µM¦Ó¦pªG¬O¦³¥t¦æ§ï³y¹LÀɮרt²Î¡A¨º»ò¹F¨ì 4TB ªº¥Ø¼Ð¬O¥i¦æªº
- (¤]¦³¤H¦¨¥\¹L)¡C</para>
-
- <para>³æ¤@Àɮתº¤j¤p¤è­±¡A°²¦p block ¥H 4K §@³W¹ºªº¸Ü¡A
- «h³Ì¤j¬OÁͪñ 1G blocks(4TB)¡C</para>
-
- <table>
- <title>Àɮפj¤pªº³Ì¤j­­¨î</title>
-
- <tgroup cols="3">
- <thead>
- <row>
- <entry>Àɮרt²Î block ¤j¤p</entry>
-
- <entry>works</entry>
-
- <entry>should work</entry>
- </row>
- </thead>
-
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>4K</entry>
-
- <entry>4T-1</entry>
-
- <entry>&gt;4T</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry>8K</entry>
-
- <entry>&gt;32G</entry>
-
- <entry>32T-1</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry>16K</entry>
-
- <entry>&gt;128G</entry>
-
- <entry>32T-1</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry>32K</entry>
-
- <entry>&gt;512G</entry>
-
- <entry>64T-1</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry>64K</entry>
-
- <entry>&gt;2048G</entry>
-
- <entry>128T-1</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
-
- <para>When the fs block size is 4K, triple indirect blocks work
- and everything should be limited by the maximum fs block number
- that can be represented using triple indirect blocks (approx.
- 1K^3 + 1K^2 + 1K), but everything is limited by a (wrong) limit
- of 1G-1 on fs block numbers. The limit on fs block numbers
- should be 2G-1. There are some bugs for fs block numbers near
- 2G-1, but such block numbers are unreachable when the fs block
- size is 4K.</para>
-
- <para>block ¤j¤p¦pªG¬O 8K ©Î§ó¤j¡AÀɮרt²Î block ¼Æ¥Ø·|³Q­­¨î¦b 2G-1
- ¡A¦ý¹ê»Ú¤WÀ³¸Ó»¡­­¨î¬O 1G-1 ¤~¹ï¡A¦]¬°±Ä¥Î 2G-1 block ªºÀɮרt²Î·|¾É­P¤@¨Ç°ÝÃD¡C
- </para>
-
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="archsw-readin-failed-error">
- <para>¬°¦ó¦b±Ò°Ê·sªº kernel ®É¡A¬Ý¨ì
- <errorname>archsw.readin.failed</errorname> ¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>­ì¦]¥X¦b§Aªº world ¥H¤Î kernel ¨Ã¤£¦P¨B¡AÁ|¨Ò¡Gkernel ¥Î 4.11¡A
- ¦Ó world «o¬O 4.8¡A³o¼Ë¬O·|¦³°ÝÃDªº¡C
- ½Ð¦A¦¸½T»{¡A¬O§_¦³¥H <command>make buildworld</command> ¤Î
- <command>make buildkernel</command> ¨Ó¥¿±`§ó·s kernel¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦b±Ò°Ê loader ¤§«e¡A·|¬Ý¨ì "|" ³o­Ó²Å¸¹¦bÂà°Ê¡A³o®É¥i¥H«ö¥ô¦óÁ䤤Â_¡A
- µM«á¦A«ü©w­n¸ü¤J­þ­Ó kernel ¨Ó¶}¾÷¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="security-profiles">
- <para><quote>security profiles</quote> ¬O«ü¤°»ò¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>A <quote>security profile</quote> is a set of configuration
- options that attempts to achieve the desired ratio of security
- to convenience by enabling and disabling certain programs and
- other settings. For full details, see the <ulink
- url="&url.books.handbook;/install-post.html#SECURITYPROFILE">Security
- Profile</ulink> section of the Handbook's <ulink
- url="&url.books.handbook;/install-post.html">post-install
- chapter</ulink>.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="boot-acpi">
- <para>¦b¶}¾÷®É¡A¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Î ACPI «h¦b¦w¸Ë¹Lµ{´N±¾¤F¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¸Õ¸Õ¬ÝÃö³¬ ACPI support¡C ·í¦b¸ü¤J bootloader®É¡A«ö¤UªÅ¥ÕÁä¡C
- ¨t²Î·|Åã¥Ü <screen>OK</screen> ³o®É¿é¤J
- <screen><userinput>unset acpi_load</userinput></screen> ±µµÛ¥´
- <screen><userinput>boot</userinput></screen>
- ¥HÄ~Äò¶}¾÷¡A³o¼Ë¤lÀ³¸Ó´N¥i¥H¤F¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- </qandaset>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter
- id="hardware">
- <title>µwÅé¤ä´©¤è­±</title>
-
- <sect1 id="compatibility-general">
- <title>¤@¯ë°ÝÃD</title>
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="which-hardware-to-get">
- <para>§Ú·Q²Õ¸Ë¦Û¤vªº FreeBSD ¾÷¾¹¡A¦³­þ¨Ç«¬¸¹¡B«~µP¡B³W®æ¬O¤ä´©µ{«×³Ì¦nªº©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦³Ãö³oÂI¡A¦b FreeBSD °Q½×°Ï¤W®É±`¦³¤H°Q½×¡CÁöµMµwÅé¨O´«³t«×«Ü§Ö¡A
- ¥i¯àÀH®É¦³·s³W®æ¡B·s²£«~¥X²{¡AµM¦Ó³o¨Ç³£¦b§Ú­Ì·N®Æ¤§¤¤¡A
- §Ú­Ì <emphasis>¤´µM</emphasis> ±j¯P«ØÄ³¡G¦b¸ß°Ý¦³Ãö³Ì·s³W®æµwÅ骺¤ä´©°ÝÃD¤§«e¡A
- ½Ð¥ý°Ñ¾\ &os;
- <ulink url="&rel.current.hardware;">&rel.current;</ulink>
- ©Î
- <ulink url="&rel2.current.hardware;">&rel2.current;</ulink>ªº¤ä´©µwÅé¦Cªí¡A
- ©Î¬O·j´M<ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/#mailinglists">°Q½×°ÏªºÂ¤峹</ulink>¡A
- ¤]³\¡A¤W¶g¤~­è«ê¥©¦³¤H°Q½×¹L§A©Ò­n°ÝªºµwÅé¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG­n§ä¦³Ãöµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤è­±¡A½Ð¨ì FreeBSD-mobile µ§°O«¬¹q¸£°Q½×°Ï¡C
- ¤£µM¡A´N¨ì FreeBSD-questions °Q½×°Ï¡A©Î¬O¯S©wµwÅé³W®æ(¤ñ¦p pc98, Alpha)ªº±MÄݰQ½×°Ï§a¡C
- </para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- </qandaset>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="compatibility-processors">
- <title>µwÅé¬[ºc¤Î CPU</title>
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="architectures">
- <para>FreeBSD ¦³¤ä´© x86 ¤§¥~ªºµwÅé¬[ºc¥­¥x¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
-
- <para>¦³ªº¡AFreeBSD ¥Ø«e¥i¥H¦b Intel x86 and DEC
- (²{¦bªº HP-Compaq) Alpha ¬[ºc¤W­±¹B§@¡C¦Û FreeBSD 5.0 ¤§«áªºª©¥»¡A«h
- ¥i¤ä´© AMD64 ¤Î Intel EM64T, IA-64 ¥H¤Î &sparc64; ¬[ºc¡C
- ¥¼¨Ó¥­¥x¤ä´©¤WÁÙ·|¦³ &mips; ¤Î
- &powerpc;¡A²Ó¸`½Ð¤À§O°Ñ¾\ &a.mips; ©Î &a.ppc;¡C
- ¤@¯ë¦Ó¨¥¡A·sªºµwÅé¬[ºc¥­¥x¤è­±¡A³£¬O¨ì &a.platforms; °Q½×¡C</para>
-
- <para>­Y§A¾÷¾¹¤£¬O¥H¤W¬[ºc©Î¬O¤ñ¸û©_¯Sªº¡A¦Ó·Q¥ß¨è¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý BSD ªºÅ]¤O¡A
- §Ú­Ì«ØÄ³§A¥i¥H¦Ò¼{¨Ï¥Î <ulink
- url="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</ulink> ©Î <ulink
- url="http://www.openbsd.org/">OpenBSD</ulink>¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="smp-support">
- <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© CPU ¹ïºÙ¦h¤u³B²z(SMP, Symmetric Multiprocessing)¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦³ªº¡C SMP ¦b &os; 5.2 ¹w³]ªº kernel(<emphasis>GENERIC</emphasis>)¤w¦³±Ò°Ê¡C
- </para>
-
- <para>¦b &os; 5.3 ­n release ®É¡ASMP¬ÛÃö³]©w¤]¬O¹w³]´N¦³±Ò°Ê¡C
- µM¦Ó¡A¦b¤@¨Ç¸û·s«¬ªº¾÷¾¹(¹³¬O emt64)¤W«o¤S¦³¨Ç°ÝÃD¡A
- ©Ò¥HÁÙ¬O¨M©w¦b¬ÛÃö°ÝÃD¡B¦w¥þijÃD¥¼Àò¸Ñ¨M«e¡A¥ýÃö³¬ SMP ªº¬ÛÃö±Ò°Ê¡C
- ³oÂI¡A¥¿¬O &os; 5.4 ©ÒÀu¥ý¦Ò¼{ªº¤è¦V¡C</para>
-
- <para>&os; 4.X ªº¸Ü¡A¹w³]ªº kernel ¨Ã¨S¦³±Ò°Ê SMP¡A
- ¦]¦¹¡A¥²¶·­n§â options SMP ¥[¤J kernel ³]©wÀɨí«·s½sͤ~¯à±Ò°Ê¡C
- ¦Ü©óÁÙ¦³­þ¨Ç¬ÛÃö³]©w­n©ñ¤J kernel ³]©wÀÉ¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\<filename>/sys/i386/conf/LINT</filename>¡C
- </para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="compatibility-drives">
- <title>µwºÐ¡BºÏ±a¾÷¥H¤Î¥úºÐ¡BDVD¡B¿N¿ý¾÷</title>
-
- <qandaset>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="supported-hard-drives">
- <para>FreeBSD ¥i¤ä´©­þ¨ÇºØÃþªºµwºÐ©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD ³£¤ä´© EIDE ¤Î SCSI ¤¶­±ªºµwºÐ(¥H¤Î SCSI ¥d¡A½Ð¬Ý¤U¤@¸`»¡©ú)
- ¥H¤Î <quote>Western Digital</quote> ¤¶­±ªºµwºÐ (MFM¡B RLL¡B
- ESDI¡A·íµM¥]§t IDE)¡A¤£¹L¦³¤@¨Ç¤Ö¼Æªº ESDI ´¹¤ù²Õªº(«¬¸¹¡GWD1002/3/6/7)
- ¥i¯àµLªk¥¿±`¹B§@¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="supported-scsi-controllers">
- <para>¤ä´©­þ¨Ç SCSI ¥d¡B³]³Æ©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>½Ð°Ñ¾\ &os; ªºµwÅé¤ä´©ªí(
- <ulink url="&rel.current.hardware;">&rel.current;</ulink> ©Î
- <ulink url="&rel2.current.hardware;">&rel2.current;</ulink>)</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="tape-support">
- <para>¤ä´©­þ¨ÇºÏ±a¾÷©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
-
- <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© SCSI ¤Î QIC-36 (QIC-02 ¤¶­±) ³W®æªººÏ±a¾÷¡C
- ¦P®É¥]§t¤F 8-mm (¤]´N¬O Exabyte) ¤Î DAT ºÏ±a¾÷¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦³¨Ç¦­´Áª©¥»ªº 8-mm ºÏ±a¾÷¨Ã¤£¬O§¹¥þ¬Û®e©ó SCSI-2 ³W®æ¡A
- ©Ò¥H¥i¯à¦b FreeBSD ¤Wªí²{¤£¬O«Ü¦n¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="tape-changer-support">
- <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©ºÏ±a¦Û°Ê´«±a¾÷¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD ¥i¥H¥Î &man.ch.4; ¤W­±©Ò¦Cªº¾÷ºØ¡A·f°t &man.chio.1; «ü¥O¡A
- ¨Ó¨Ï¥Î SCSI ºØÃþªº¦Û°Ê´«±a¾÷¡A²Ó¸`³¡¤À½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.chio.1; »¡©ú¡C</para>
-
- <para>If you are not using <application>AMANDA</application>
- or some other product that already understands changers,
- remember that they only know how to move a tape from one
- point to another, so you need to keep track of which slot a
- tape is in, and which slot the tape currently in the drive
- needs to go back to.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="supported-cdrom-drives">
- <para>FreeBSD ¥i¤ä´©­þ¨ÇºØÃþªº¥úºÐ¾÷©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥u­n¬O¦³¤ä´©ªº SCSI ¥d¤W©Ò±µªº¥ô¤@ SCSI ¥úºÐ¾÷³£¦³¤ä´©¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦¹¥~¡A¤]¤ä´©¤U¦Cªº¥úºÐ¾÷¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Mitsumi LU002 (8bit), LU005 (16bit) ¤Î FX001D
- (16bit 2x Speed)</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Sony CDU 31/33A</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Sound Blaster «D SCSI ¤¶­±ªº¥úºÐ¾÷</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Matsushita/Panasonic ¥úºÐ¾÷</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¬Û®e ATAPI ³W®æªº IDE CDROMs</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>¬Û¹ï©ó SCSI ¾÷ºØ¦Ó¨¥¡A¨ä¥L«D SCSI ªº¥úºÐ¾÷³£¬O¤ñ¸ûºC¡A
- ¦¹¥~¡A¦³¨Ç ATAPI ºØÃþªº¥úºÐ¾÷¥i¯àµLªk¶¶§Q¹B§@</para>
-
- <para>Daemon News ¥H¤Î FreeBSD Mall ©Òµo¦æªº¥¿¦¡ FreeBSD ¥úºÐ¥H¤Î¿N¿ý¥Îªº¼v¹³ÀÉ(ISO)¡A
- ³£¥i¥Hª½±µ¥Î©ó¶}¾÷¥úºÐ¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="supported-cdrw-drives">
- <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©­þ¨Ç¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾÷ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©¥ô¦ó¬Û®e ATAPI ¼Ð·Çªº IDE CD-R ©Î CD-RW ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾÷¡A
- ²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.burncd.8; »¡©ú¡C</para>
-
- <para>FreeBSD ¤]¤ä´©¥ô¦ó SCSI CD-R ©Î CD-RW ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾÷¡C
- ½Ð¥Î port ©Î packag ¾÷¨î¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡B¨Ï¥Î <command>cdrecord</command> ¡A
- ¨Ã½T©w±zªº kernel ¤º¦³±N <devicename>pass</devicename>³]³Æ¤@¨Ö½sͦb¤º¡C
- (¹w³]ªº kernel.GENERIC ³£·|¦³ device pass ³o¬q)</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="zip-support">
- <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© Iomega &iomegazip; ¶Ü?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©¥~±µ¦¡ªº SCSI ¤Î ATAPI(IDE) ¤¶­±ªº Iomega &iomegazip;¡C
- ¤£¹L SCSI ZIP ¥u¯à³Q³]¬° SCSI ID 5 ©Î¬O 6 ¤~¥i¥H¹B§@¡A¦ý¦pªG
- SCSI ¥d¤Wªº BIOS ¤ä´©¥¦¡A§A¬Æ¦Ü¥i¥H¥Î¥¦¨Ó¶}¾÷¡C
- §Ú­Ì¤£¾å±o­þ¤@¶ô¥d¥i¥H§â¥dªº ID ³]¦b°£¤F 0 ©Î 1 ¥H¥~ªº¦a¤è¦Ó¶}¾÷¦¨¥\¡A
- ¦]¦¹¡A¦pªG·Q§ï SCSI ID ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°È¥²°Ñ¾\¸Ó«¬¸¹ªº»¡©ú¤â¥U¡C</para>
-
- <para>FreeBSD ¦P®É¤]¤ä´© Parallel Port ZipºÏºÐ¾÷¡C½ÐÀˬd kernel
- ³]©wÀɬO§_¦³¡G
- <devicename>scbus0</devicename>¡B
- <devicename>da0</devicename>¡B
- <devicename>ppbus0</devicename>¡A¥H¤Î
- <devicename>vp0</devicename> ³o¨ÇÅX°Êµ{¦¡ (¹w³]ªº GENERIC kernel
- °£¤F <devicename>vp0</devicename> ¨S¥]¶i¥h¡A¨ä¥L¤TªÌ³£·|¦³)¡C
- ¥[¤F³o´X­ÓÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤§«á¡AParallel Port Zip ´N·|¦¨¬°
- <devicename>/dev/da0s4</devicename>¡C</para>
-
- <para>³o®É¡A´N¥i¥H¥Î¹³¬O <command>mount /dev/da0s4 /mnt</command> ©Î
- (DOS Àɮרt²Î)<command>mount_msdos /dev/da0s4 /mnt</command>
- ¤§Ãþªº«ü¥O¨Ó±¾¸ü¡BŪ¼g¡C</para>
-
- <para>¤]¥i¥H°Ñ¾\¤U­±¦³Ãö<link linkend="media-change">ÀH¨­ºÏ¤ù
- </link>³¡¤À¡A¥H¤Î<link
- linkend="removable-drives">©â¨úºÐ¡BÀH¨­ºÐªº¡y®æ¦¡¤Æ¡z°Q½×</link>
- ªº³¡¤À</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="jaz-zip-removable-support">
- <para>FreeBSD ¦³¤ä´© &jaz;¡BEZ ¤Î¨ä¥LÃþ¦üªºÀH¨­ºÏ¤ù¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥i¥H°Ú¡A°£¤F IDE ªº EZ drive ¥~¡A¨ä¥LªºÀ³¸Ó³£¬O SCSI ¤¶­±¡A
- ©Ò¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤W³£·|¥H SCSI µwºÐ¨Ó³B²z¡C</para>
-
- <para>·íµM¡A§A¥²¶·½T©w¦b¶}¾÷®É¡A³o¨Ç³]³Æªº¹q·½¬O¥´¶}ªº¡A
- ¥H«KÅý FreeBSD ¥i¥H°»´ú¨ì¡C</para>
-
- <para><anchor id="media-change"/>¦pªG¦bºÏºÐ¹B¤¤ª¬ºA¤¤¡A­n§ó´«ºÏ¤ùªº¸Ü¡A
- °O±o¥ý¬Ý¤@¤U &man.mount.8;¡B&man.umount.8;¡B
- ¥H¤Î(SCSIªº¸Ü)&man.camcontrol.8; ©Î &man.atacontrol.8; ÁÙ¦³ FAQ «á­±¦³Ãö
- <link linkend="removable-drives">¨Ï¥Î©â¨úºÐ¡BÀH¨­ºÐªº°Q½×
- </link>¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- </qandaset>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="compatibility-kbd-mice">
- <title>Áä½L¡B·Æ¹«</title>
-
- <qandaset>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="usbkbd">
- <para>FreeBSD ¦³¤ä´© USB Áä½L¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD (¤×¨ä¬O¦³¤ä´© USB keyboards¡C Enable USB support in
- <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
-
- <para>­Y¦³¶} USB Áä½L¤ä´©¦Ó¥B¦P®É±µ¤W AT ¸ò USB Áä½Lªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò AT Áä½L·|Åܦ¨
- <devicename>/dev/kbd0</devicename>¡A¦Ó USB Áä½L«h¬O
- <devicename>/dev/kbd1</devicename>¡C¦pªG¥u±µ USB Áä½L¡A¨º»ò¥¦´N¬O
- <devicename>/dev/ukbd0</devicename> Åo¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG·Q¦b console ¤W¨Ï¥Î USB Áä½Lªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò¥²¶·³]©w console «ü©w¥Î USB Áä½L¡C
- ¥i¥H¦b¨t²Î¶}¾÷µ{§Ç®É¡A¥[¤W¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kbdcontrol -k /dev/kbd1 &lt; /dev/ttyv0 &gt; /dev/null</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>ª`·N¡G­Y¥u¦³ USB Áä½Lªº¸Ü¡A¤]´N¬O <devicename>/dev/ukbd0</devicename>¡A
- ¨º»ò½Ð§ï¥Î¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kbdcontrol -k /dev/ukbd0 &lt; /dev/ttyv0 &gt; /dev/null</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>«ØÄ³¡G¥i¥H§â¤W­z«ü¥O©ñ¤J <filename>/etc/rc.i386</filename> ¡C</para>
-
- <para>³]©w¦¨¥\¤§«á¡AUSB Áä½L¤£¥Î§@¥ô¦ó¯S§O³]©w¡A´N¥i¥H¦b X µøµ¡Àô¹Ò¤W¥¿±`¹B§@Åo¡C</para>
-
- <para>USB Áä½Lªº¼ö´¡©Þ(Hot-plugging and unplugging)¦b &os; ¥i¯àÁÙµLªk§¹¥þ¥¿±`¹B§@¡A
- «ØÄ³¡G¦b¨t²Î¶}¾÷«e´N¥ý±µ¤WÁä½L¡Aª½¨ìÃö¾÷¬°¤î¡A¥HÁ×§K¤£¥²­nªº§xÂZ¡C</para>
-
- <para>¬ÛÃö²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.ukbd.4; ªº»¡©ú¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="busmouse">
- <para>¥j¦­ªº bus ·Æ¹«¡A­n«ç»ò³]©w©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©¤@¨Ç¼t°Ó(¹³¬O¡GMicrosoft¡BLogitech¡BATI)©Ò°µªº bus ¤Î InPort bus ¤¶­±ªº·Æ¹«¡C
- µM¦Ó¡A¹w³]ªº kernel(GENERIC)¤w¸g¤£¤º§t¥¦­ÌªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C
- ¦]¦¹¡A­n¥[¤J¤U¦C¨ì kernel ³]©wÀɨí«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë¡A¤~¯à±Ò¥Î¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c irq5</programlisting>
-
- <para>Bus ·Æ¹«³q±`­n·f°t±M¥Îªº¤¶­±¥d¤~¯à¨Ï¥Î¡C
- ³o¨Ç¥d¥i¥H³]©w port address ¤Î IRQ ­È¡A³o¨Ç²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\§Aªº·Æ¹«»¡©ú¤â¥U¤Î
- &man.mse.4; »¡©ú¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ps2mouse">
- <para>PS/2 (<quote>mouse port</quote> ©Î
- <quote>keyboard</quote>)ªº·Æ¹«­n«ç»ò³]©w¤~¦n©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>PS/2 ·Æ¹«³£¦³¤ä´©¡A©Ò»Ý­n¥Î¨ìªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡ <devicename>psm</devicename>
- ¦b¹w³]ªº kernel(GENERIC)¤w¦³¤º§t¤F¡C</para>
-
- <para>­Y§A¦Û­qªº kernel ¤ºº|¤F psm ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò´N¦A§â¤U¦C¤º®e¥[¨ì kernel
- ³]©wÀɨí«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>device psm0 at atkbdc? irq 12</programlisting>
-
- <para>·í¶}¾÷®É kernel ¦³¥¿½T°»´ú¨ì <devicename>psm0</devicename>
- ¡A½Ð°È¥²½T»{¦b <filename>/dev</filename> ¤º¦³
- <devicename>psm0</devicename> ¡C
- ¦pªG¨S¦³ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò´N¥Î <username>root</username> ¨Ó¥´¤U¦C«ü¥O¨Ó«Ø¥ß§a¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev; sh MAKEDEV psm0</userinput></screen>
-
- <note>
- <para>¦pªG¬O &os; 5.0-RELEASE(§t¤§«áª©¥»)ªº¸Ü¡A¦]¬°±Ä¥Î &man.devfs.5; ¾÷¨îªº¦]¯À¡A
- ©Ò¥H·|¦Û°Ê¦b <filename>/dev</filename> ¤U«Ø¥ß¬ÛÃö³]³Æªº¸`ÂI¡A¦]¦¹´N¥i¥H²¤¹L¤W­±³o¤@¨B¡C</para>
- </note>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="moused">
- <para>¦pªG¤£¥Î X Window Àô¹Òªº¸Ü¡A¤]¥i¥H¥Î·Æ¹«¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>­Y¨Ï¥Î console ªº¹w³]ÅX°Êµ{¦¡(¤]´N¬O &man.syscons.4;)¡A
- ¨º»ò´N¥i¥H¦b¤å¦r¤¶­±ªº console ¤W­±¥Î·Æ¹«¨Ó°Å¶K¤å¦r¤F¡C
- ¨º»ò­n±Ò°Ê &man.moused.8; ¨Ã¶}±Ò´å¼ÐÅã¥Ü¡A
- ½Ð¥´¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>moused -p /dev/<replaceable>xxxx</replaceable> -t <replaceable>yyyy</replaceable></userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>vidcontrol -m on</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>¨ä¤¤¡y<replaceable>xxxx</replaceable>¡z¬O·Æ¹«ªº³]³Æ¦WºÙ¡A¦Ó
- ¡y<replaceable>yyyy</replaceable>¡z«h¬O·Æ¹«©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº protocol ºØÃþ¡C
- ¥Ø«eªº moused ¥i¥H¦Û°Ê°»´ú(°£¤F¦¡ªº serial
- ·Æ¹«¤§¥~)¤j¦h¼Æ·Æ¹«©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº protocol ºØÃþ¡A¦Ó¤£¥Î¨è·N¥h«ü©w¡C
- ¡yprotocol ºØÃþ¡z³]©w¥Î
- <literal>auto</literal> ´N·|¦Û°Ê°»´ú¤F¡C­Y¦Û°Ê°»´ú¥¢±Ñªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.moused.8;
- ¸Ì­±ªº type ¨º¬q»¡©ú¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG¥Îªº¬O PS/2 ·Æ¹«¡A¥u­n§â
- <literal>moused_enable="YES"</literal> ¥[¨ì
- <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¡A³o¼Ë¨C¦¸¶}¾÷´N·|¦Û°Ê±Ò°Ê¤F¡C
- ¦¹¥~¡A¦pªG­n¦b©Ò¦³ virtual terminals ¤W¤]¯à¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡A
- ¦Ó¤£­­©w¥u¦³ console ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò½Ð¦A§â
- <literal>allscreens_flags="-m on"</literal> ¥[¨ì <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¸Ì­±§Y¥i¡C</para>
-
- <para>moused ¦b°õ¦æ¤¤ªº®É­Ô¡A¦pªG­n¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¬ÛÃö¥\¯à¡A³£¥²¶·³z¹L moused
- ©Î¨ä¥Lµ{¦¡¹³¬O X µøµ¡¨Ó¶i¦æ¡C½Ð°Ñ¾\ FAQ ¤¤¦³Ãö<link
- linkend="x-and-moused">¡y¬°¤°»ò¤£¯à¦b X µøµ¡¸Ì¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡H¡z</link>¥HÁA¸Ñ¬ÛÃö²Ó¸`¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="text-mode-cut-paste">
- <para>¦b¤å¦r¼Ò¦¡ªº console Àô¹Ò­n«ç»ò¥Î·Æ¹«¨Ó°Å¶K¤å¦r©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>·í°õ¦æ moused «á¡A(°Ñ¾\<link linkend="moused">«e¤@¸`</link>)
- «ö¦í¥ªÁä¡A±µµÛ²¾°Ê·Æ¹«¨Ó¿ï¾Ü¤@­Ó°Ï°ì¤§«á©ñ¶}¡A³o¼Ë´N§¹¦¨¡y½Æ»s¡z¡C
- ­n¡y¶K¤W¡zªº¸Ü¡A«ö·Æ¹«¤¤Áä´N¥i¥H¤F¡C
- ­n¡y©µ¦ù¿ï¨ú°Ï¡zªº¸Ü¡A«ö·Æ¹«¥kÁä</para>
-
-
- <para>¦pªG§Aªº·Æ¹«¨S¦³¤¤Áä¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î¼ÒÀÀªº¤è¦¡¡A©Î¬O­«·s©w¸q·Æ¹««öÁ䪺¤è¦¡¡A
- ¨Ó¹F¦¨¡u©µ¦ù¡vªº¥\¯à¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.moused.8; »¡©ú¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="mouse-wheel-buttons">
- <para>§Ú·Æ¹«¤W­±ªººu½ü¡Bºu½ü«ö¶s¡A¥i¥H¦b console ¤W¨Ï¥Î¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o­Óµª®×¹À...¡A«Ü¤£©¯¦a¡A¦b¤j¦h¼Æªº±¡ªp¤U¤£¦æ¡C
- ³o¨Ç¦³ºu½üªº·Æ¹«»Ý­n¥Î¯S®íÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤~¦æ¡A
- °£«D¡A·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡©Î¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦Û¤vªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¦³¤ä´©¡A
- ¤£µM¡A³o¨Ç·Æ¹«¥u¯à°÷·í¦¨¬O´¶³qªº¨âÁä©Î¤TÁ䪺·Æ¹«¨Ó¥Î¦Ó¤w¡C
- </para>
-
- <para>¦pªG­n¦b X µøµ¡Àô¹Ò¤W¨Ï¥Îºu½üªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\
- <link linkend="x-and-wheel"> X µøµ¡¤Wªººu½ü¨Ï¥Î
- </link>»¡©ú¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="laptop-mouse-trackball">
- <para>­n«ç»ò¦bµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤W¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡B­y¸ñ²y¡BIJ±±ªO©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>½Ð°Ñ¾\<link linkend="ps2mouse">«e­±ªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«ªº°Ýµª
- </link>¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- </qandaset>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="compatibility-networking">
- <title>ºô¸ô¸ò serial ³]³Æ</title>
-
- <qandaset>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="network-cards">
- <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©­þ¨Çºô¸ô¥d©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &os; ¦Uª©¥»ªºµwÅé¤ä´©¦Cªí¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="internal-plugnplay-modem">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò FreeBSD §ä¤£¨ì PnP(ÀH´¡ÀH¥Î¡APlug &amp; Play)³W®æªº modem?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>­ì¦]¦b©ó¡G»Ý­n§â modem ªº PnP ID ¥[¨ì serial ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº PnP ID ªí¡A§@ªk¦p¤U¡G</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>­º¥ý¡A¦b kernel ³]©wÀɤº¥[¤J <literal>controller pnp0</literal>¡A
- ¨Ã­«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë kernel¡A³Ì«á­«¶}¾÷´N·|±Ò°Ê PnP ¤ä´©¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>µM«á¡Akernel ·|§â°»´ú¨ì©Ò¦³³]³Æ¤Wªº PnP ID ³£¦C¥X¡C
- ³o®É¡A­×§ï <filename>/usr/src/sys/isa/sio.c</filename>(¤j¬ù²Ä752¦æ¥ª¥kªº¦a¤è)¡A
- ¥i¥H·j´M <literal>SUP1310</literal> ·íÃöÁä¦r(¦ì©ó <literal>sio_ids[]</literal> ªí¤º)¡A
- ½Ð±N­è¤~ kernel Åã¥Üªº modem ªº PnP ID ½Æ»s¨ì¬ÛÃö¦ì¸m¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>³o®É¡A¦A­«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë kernel¡A³Ì«á­«¶}¾÷À³¸Ó´N·|¥¿½T°»´ú¨ì modem ¤F¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
-
- <para>¦¹¥~¡A¤]¥i¥H¦b¶}¾÷®É¥H <literal>pnp</literal> «ü¥O¨Ó¤â°Ê³]©w PnP ³]³Æ¡A
- ¨ÓÅý kernel ±o¥H¥¿½T°»´ú¡AÁ|¨Ò¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>pnp 1 0 enable os irq0 3 drq0 0 port0 0x2f8</programlisting>
-
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="support-winmodem">
- <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©¹³¬O Winmodems ¤§Ãþªº³nÅé modem ¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD ¥i¥H¦w¸ËÃB¥~ªº³nÅé¨Ó¤ä´©³nÅé modem¡C
- ¹³¬O <filename role="package">comms/ltmdm</filename> ¥i¤ä´©±`¨£ªº Lucent LT ´¹¤ù¡A
- <filename role="package">comms/mwavem</filename> «h¥i¤ä´© IBM Thinkpad 600 ¤Î 700
- µ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤W­±ªº modem¡C</para>
-
- <para>µM¦Ó¡A¨Ã¤£¯à¥Î³nÅé modem ¨Ó¦w¸Ë FreeBSD¡A
- ¦]¬°¡G³oÃþ³nÅ饲¶·¦b§@·~¨t²Î¦w¸Ë§¹²¦¤§«á¡A¤~¯à¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="support-broadcom">
- <para>¦³ Broadcom 43xx µL½uºô¥dªº­ì¥ÍÅX°Êµ{¦¡(Native driver)¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¨S¦³¡A¦Ó¥B¤]¤£¤Ó¥i¯à·|¦³¡C</para>
-
- <para>Broadcom ©Úµ´¤½¶}¦³ÃöµL½uºô¥d´¹¤ùªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¬ÛÃö»¡©ú¡A
- ¥D¦]¤j·§¬O¥L­Ì¥Î³nÅé¨Ó±±¨îµL½u¶Ç¿é¤è¦¡¡C
- ¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦]¬°­n¯à³q¹L¬ü°êÁp¨¹¹q«H©e­û·|(FCC)À˺Ϧw³Wªº¸Ü¡A
- ¥²¶·½T«O²£«~¤£¯àÅý¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤£¯àÀH·N§ó°Ê¬ÛÃö³]©w¡A¤ñ¦p¡G¹qºÏªiÀW²v¡B¬ÛÃö¼Ò²Õ°Ñ¼Æ¡B¿é¥X¹q·½µ¥¡C
- ¦ý¬O¡A¦pªG§Ú­Ì¤£ª¾¹D¦p¦ó¥h±±¨î´¹¤ùªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò¼¶¼gÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤§¸ô®£©È¤£¤Ó¥i¦æ¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="multiport-serial-support">
- <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©­þ¨Ç multi-port serial¥d©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>½Ð°Ñ¾\¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤Wªº <ulink
- url="&url.books.handbook;/install.html#INSTALL-MISC">¦w¸Ë½g¡X¨ä¥LµwÅé
- </ulink> ¦Cªí¡C</para>
-
- <para>ÁöµM¦³¨Ç¥d¬O¨SµPªº(¤×¨ä¬O¦³¼Ð©ú¡G¬Û®e AST ³W®æ)¦ý¤]¥i¥H¥¿±`¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦Ü©ó¥dªº³]©w¤è­±¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.sio.4; ªº»¡©ú¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="serial-console-prompt">
- <para>¦b serial console ¤W­n¦p¦ó¤~·|¥X²{ boot: ´£¥Ü©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>kernel ³]©wÀÉ¥[¤J
- <literal>options COMCONSOLE</literal></para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>«Ø¥ß /boot.config ÀÉ¡A¨Ã¥B¸ÓÀɸ̭±¤º®e¥u¶ñ¤W <option>-P</option></para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>§âÁä½L±q¾÷¾¹¤W©Þ±¼</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
-
- <para>²Ó¸`½Ð¬Ý
- <filename>/usr/src/sys/i386/boot/biosboot/README.serial</filename>
- </para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- </qandaset>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="compatibility-sound">
- <title>­µ®Ä¥d</title>
-
- <qandaset>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="sound-card-support">
- <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©­þ¨Ç­µ®Ä¥d¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>&os; ¤ä´©¦UºØ­µ®Ä¥d¡A¥]¬A¤F &soundblaster;¡B
- &soundblaster; Pro¡B&soundblaster; 16¡BPro Audio Spectrum 16¡B
- AdLib¡B¤Î Gravis UltraSound sound cards (²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\
- <ulink url="&url.base;/releases/">&os; µo¦æ±¡³ø</ulink>
- ¥H¤Î &man.snd.4; ªº»¡©ú)¡C
- ¦¹¥~¡A¹ï MPU-401 ¤Î MIDI ¬Û®e³W®æªº¤]¦³¤@©wµ{«×ªº¤ä´©¡A¦Ó
- &microsoft; Sound System ³W®æ¤]¦³¤ä´©¡C</para>
-
- <note>
- <para>ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¶È¾A¥Î©ó¡y­µ®Ä¡z³¡¤À¡I °£¤F &soundblaster; ¤§¥~¡A
- ¥Ø«e­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨Ã¤£¤ä´©³o¨Ç­µ®Ä¥d¤Wªº¥úºÐ¾÷, SCSI³]³Æ©Î·n±ì¡C
- &soundblaster; ªº SCSI ¤¶­±¤Î¬Y¨Ç«D SCSI ªº¥úºÐ¾÷¬O¦³¤ä´©¡A¦ýµLªk¥Î¨Ó¶}¾÷¡C
- </para>
- </note>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="es1370-silent-pcm">
- <para>&man.pcm.4; ©Ò¤ä´©ªº­µ®Ä¥d¨S¦³Án­µ¡A¦³¤°»ò¼È®É¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦]¬°¦³¨Ç¹³¬O es1370 ´¹¤ùªº­µ®Ä¥d·|¦b¨C¦¸¶}¾÷®É§â­µ¶q½Õ¬°¹s¡C
- ¼È®É¸Ñªk¬O¦b¨C¦¸¶}¾÷®É°õ¦æ¤U­±«ü¥O¡A©Î¬O¥[¨ì /etc/rc.local ¤º¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mixer pcm 100 vol 100 cd 100</userinput></screen>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- </qandaset>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="compatibility-other">
- <title>¨ä¥L©Ç²§°ÝÃD(ACPI¡B­«¶}¾÷«á±¾¤F..µ¥)</title>
-
- <qandaset>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="other-device-support">
- <para>FreeBSD Á٤䴩¨ä¥L­þ¨ÇµwÅé©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>½Ð°Ñ¾\¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤Wªº <ulink
- url="&url.books.handbook;/install.html#INSTALL-MISC">¦w¸Ë½g¡X¨ä¥LµwÅé</ulink>
- ¡C</para>
-
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="power-management-support">
- <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©µ§°O«¬¹q¸£ªº¬Ù¹qºÞ²z¥\¯à¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD 4.X(§t¤§«áª©¥»)¦b¬Y¨Ç¾÷ºØ¤W³£¦³¤ä´© <acronym>APM</acronym>¡C
- ²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.apm.4; ªº»¡©ú¡C</para>
-
- <para>FreeBSD 5.X(§t¤§«áª©¥»)¤ä´©¦b¥Ø«e¤j³¡¤À¾÷ºØ¤W³£¦³ªº
- <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ¥\¯à¡C
- ²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.acpi.4; ªº»¡©ú¡C­Y¾÷¾¹¤W¦P®É³£¦³ <acronym>APM</acronym>
- ¤Î <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ¥\¯àªº¸Ü¡A§Ú­Ì«ØÄ³§A¥i¥H¨âªÌ³£¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¡A
- ¬Ý¬Ý­þ¤@ºØ¤ñ¸û²Å¦X§Aªº»Ý¨D¡C</para>
-
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="disable-acpi">
- <para>¸Ó¦p¦óÃö³¬ ACPI¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>§â <screen>hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</screen>
- ³o¬q¥[¨ì <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> §Y¥i¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="micron-hang-boot">
- <para>Micron ¹q¸£Á`¬O¦b &os; ±Ò°Ê®É´N±¾±¼¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦³¨Ç Micron ¥D¾÷ªO¤Wªº BIOS ¦b PCI ¤è­±·|¦³°ÝÃD¡A
- ³o·|¾É­P PCI ³]³Æ·|³Q BIOS °»´ú¬°¤£¥¿½T³]©w¡A¦Ó¶i¤J FreeBSD ´N±¾±¼¡C</para>
-
- <para>¼È®É¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¡GÃö³¬ BIOS ¤º <quote>Plug and Play Operating System</quote>
- ªº³]©w¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="micron-3comnic-failure">
- <para>&tm.3com; PCI ¤¶­±ºô¸ô¥dµLªk¦b Micron ¹q¸£¤W¨Ï¥Î¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o°ÝÃD¸ò«e­±ªº°ÝÃD¦]¯À¤@¼Ë¡AÁ`¤§¡A´N¬OÃö³¬ BIOS ¤¤¦³Ãö OS PnP ªº³]©w¡C</para>
-
- <para>¼È®É¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¡GÃö³¬ BIOS ¤º <quote>Plug and Play Operating System</quote>
- ªº³]©w¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="asusk7v-boot-failure">
- <para>¥D¾÷ªO¬O¥ÎµØºÓ(ASUS) K7V¡A¥i¬O¥Î¶}¾÷¤ù¶}¨ì¤@¥b´N·í¤F¡A«ç»ò¿ì©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¶i¤J BIOS ³]©w¡A¨ÃÃö³¬ <quote>boot virus protection</quote> ³]©w§Y¥i¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="newcard-does-not-work">
- <para>PCMCIA ¥dµLªk¨Ï¥Î¡A¨Ã¥X²{¿ù»~°T®§
- <quote>cbb0: unsupported card type detected.</quote>
- ¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý§ï¥Îªº¤è¦¡¡A½Ð¥ý­×§ï kernel ³]©wÀÉ¡A®³±¼¤U­±³o´X¦æ¡G
- <programlisting>device cbb
-device pccard
-device cardbus</programlisting>
- µM«á¥[¤W¡G
- <programlisting>device pcic
-device card 1</programlisting>
- ³Ì«á½Ð°Ñ¾\ Handbook ¤¤
- <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/kernelconfig.html">½Õ¾ã FreeBSD Kernel</ulink>
- ³¹¸`¡A¥H­«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë·sªº kernel¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="dell-poweredge-failure">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò &dell; &poweredge; 2850 ¸Ë§¹ FreeBSD ¤§«á¡A­«¶}¾÷±µµÛÁä½L´N±¾¤F¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>(¥»ÃD¥Ñ cdsheen ´£¨Ñ)À|¸Õ¦b &dell; &poweredge; 2850 ¤W­±¦w¸Ë &os; 6.0¡A
- ¤£¹L¦w¸Ë§¹¦¨¡B¨Ã­«·s¶}¾÷¤§«á¡Aµo²{ console ªºÁä½L¤£¯à°Ê¤F¡A
- ¦P¼Ëªº±¡ªp¦ü¥G¤]¦s¦b©ó &os; 5.3 ¤Î &os; 5.4¡A
- ¸g¹L¤@µf·j´M¡Aµoı¬O¦]¬°³o¥x¾÷¾¹¤W­±¦³¤@­Ó <quote>Dell Remote Access Controller (DRAC)</quote>¡A
- ³o­Ó¸Ë¸m·|³Q¨t²Î¿ëÃѦ¨¤@­Ó USB Keyboard¡A©Ò¥H¾É­P¶}§¹¾÷¤§«á¡A¥¿±`ªº PS/2 Áä½L¤Ï¦Ó¤£¯à°Ê¤F¡I</para>
-
- <para>¼È®É¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¦p¤U¡G</para>
-
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>¥ý¥H Single User Mode ¶i¤J¨t²Î</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¦b©R¥O¦C¼Ò¦¡¤U¡A¥ý°õ¦æ¤U¦C©R¥O¡G</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fsck -y <filename>/</filename></userinput></screen>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -u <filename>/</filename></userinput></screen>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>µM«á½s¿è <filename>/etc/devd.conf</filename>¡A§â¹ï©ó USB Keyboard ªº¤ä´©¼È®É®³±¼¡A
- ¤]´N¬O§â¤U­±´X¦æ¶}ÀY¥[¤W #</para>
- <programlisting>
-# When a USB keyboard arrives, attach it as the console keyboard.
-#attach 100 {
-# device-name "ukbd0";
-# action "kbdcontrol -k /dev/ukbd0 &lt; /dev/console &amp;&amp; /etc/rc.d/syscons restart";
-#};
-#detach 100 {
-# device-name "ukbd0";
-# action "kbdcontrol -k /dev/kbd0 &lt; /dev/console";
-#};
-</programlisting>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>µM«á¿é¤J <command>exit</command>Â÷¶} Single User Mode ¤§«á¡A
- ´N¥i¥H¶¶§Q¶i¤J¨t²Î¡B¦Ó¥BÁä½L¤]¥i¥H¥¿±`¹B§@¡A¤U¦¸¶}¾÷¤]¤£·|¦³°ÝÃD¡I</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
-
- <para>¥t¥~¡A&dell; ªº DRAC/BMC ¬Ý°_¨Ó¦³ÆZ¦h¤£¿ùªº»·ºÝ¦s¨ú¥\¯à¡A¦³¿³½ìªº¤H¥i¥Hª±ª±¬Ý...</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
-
- </sect1>
-
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="troubleshoot">
- <chapterinfo>
- <author>
- <firstname>William</firstname>
- <surname>Liao</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address><email>chliao@tpts4.seed.net.tw</email></address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </chapterinfo>
-
- <title>±`¨£°ÝÃD¸Ñ¨M</title>
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="pae">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò &os; §ì¨ì¿ù»~ªº°O¾ÐÅé®e¶q¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>§ì¨ì¿ù»~ªº°O¾ÐÅé®e¶q¬O¦]¬°ª«²z¦ì§}¸òµêÀÀ¦ì§}¨âªÌ¬O¤£¦Pªº¡C</para>
-
- <para>The convention for most PC hardware is to use the memory area
- between 3.5G and 4G for a special purpose (usually for PCI). This
- address space is used to access PCI hardware. As a result real,
- physical memory can not appear in that address space.</para>
-
- <para>What happens to the memory that should appear in that location
- is dependent on your hardware. Unfortunately, some hardware does
- nothing and the ability to use that last 500M of RAM is entirely
- lost.</para>
-
- <para>Luckily, most hardware remaps the memory to a higher location
- so that it can still be used. However, this can cause some
- confusion if you watch the boot messages.</para>
-
- <para>On a 32 bit version of &os;, the memory appears lost, since it
- will be remapped above 4G, which a 32 bit kernel is unable to
- access. In this case, the solution is to build a PAE enabled
- kernel. See <link linkend="memory-limits">this FAQ entry</link>
- for more information.</para>
-
- <para>On a 64 bit version of &os;, or when running a PAE-enabled
- kernel, &os; will correctly detect and remap the memory so it is
- usable. During boot, however, it may seem as if &os; is detecting
- more memory than the system really has. This is normal and the
- available memory will be corrected as the boot process
- completes.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="awre">
- <para>µwºÐ¦³Ãa­y®É¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>­Y¬O SCSI µwºÐªº¸Ü¡A¨º»òºÏºÐ¾÷À³¸Ó¦³¯à¤O¦Û°Ê§@ re-mapping
- ªº°Ê§@¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦]¬°¤@¨Ç¥¼ª¾ªº¦]¯À¡A¦b¥X¼t®É¡A«Ü¦hµwºÐªº³o¶µ
- ¥\¯à¬OÃö³¬ªº...</para>
-
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- <para>½Ð¶¶«K°Ñ¾\ SIG11 FAQ¡]³sµ²¦b¤U­±¡^¡AÁöµM¥¦¬O¯¸¦b Linux ªº¨¤
- «×¼gªº¡A¥i¬O¸Ì­±¹ï³o¨Ç°ÝÃD¦³³\¦h«Ü´Îªº¸Ñ»¡¡C¥¦¸Ì­±¤]¦³°Q½×¬°¤°»ò
- ¦³°ÝÃDªº°O¾ÐÅé¯à³q¹L³nÅé©ÎµwÅ骺´ú¸Õªº­ì¦]¡C</para>
-
- <para>³Ì«á¡A¦pªG¤W­±³o¨Ç­ì¦]³£±Æ°£¤F¡A¨º»ò¦³¥i¯à¬O¹J¨ì¤F FreeBSD
- ùتº¤@°¦¯äÂΡA½Ð°Ñ¾\«ü¥Ü°µ¤@­Ó°ÝÃD¦^³ø¡C</para>
-
- <para>³o¨à¦³¤@­Ó§ó¸Ô²Óªº FAQ ¡Ð <ulink
- url="http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/">
- the SIG11 problem FAQ</ulink></para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="trap-12-panic">
- <para>·í¾÷®É¥X²{¡G<errorname>Fatal trap 12: page fault in kernel mode</errorname>
- ¡A©Î¬O <errorname>panic:</errorname> ¥H¤Î¤@°ï¿ù»~°T®§¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD ªº¶}µoªÌ¹ï©ó³o¨Ç¿ù»~°T®§¬Û·íªº¦³¿³½ì¡A¦ý¬O¥L­Ì»Ý­n
- §ó¸Ô²Óªº¤@¨Ç²Ó¸`¡C½Ð§â±zªº·í¾÷ªº°T®§¥þ³¡½Æ»s¤U¨Ó¡A±µµÛ¬d¾\ FAQ
- ùØ <link linkend="kernel-panic-troubleshooting">kernel
- panics</link> ³o¸`¡A¨Ì»¡©ú½sͤ@­Ó§t°£¿ù½Xªº kernel¡A¥H¨ú±o¨ç¦¡
- ©I¥s¶¶§Ç¡]backtrace¡^¡C³o­ÓÅ¥°_¨Ó«ÜÃø¡A¦ý¹ê»Ú¤W¨Ã¤£»Ý­n¥ô¦óµ{¦¡
- ³]­pªº¯à¤O¡A±z¥u»Ý­n¨Ì·Ó«ü¥Ü°µ§Y¥i¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="screen-loses-sync">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò·í§Ú¶}¾÷®É¡A¿Ã¹õÅܶ¡A¥B¤£°±°{°Ê¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¤wª¾¬O¥Ñ ATI Mach 64 Åã¥Ü¥d©Ò¤Þ°_ªº¡C¦]¬°³o¶ô¥d
- ¨Ï¥Î¨ì <literal>2e8</literal> ³o­Ó¦ì§}¡A¦Ó³o»P²Ä¥|­Ó§Ç¦C°ð
- ¡]serial port¡^©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº¦ì§}¬Û¦P¡C¦Ó¦b &man.sio.4; ³o­ÓÅX°Ê
- µ{¦¡ùØ¡A¤£ª¾¹D¬O bug ©Î¬O¥\¯à¡]feature¡^¡A´Nºâ±z¨S¦³²Ä¥|­Ó§Ç
- ¦C°ð¡A©Î¬O¤w¸g±N sio3¡]²Ä¥|­Ó§Ç¦C°ð¡^¨ú®ø¤F¡A¥¦
- <emphasis>¨ÌµM</emphasis>·|¥h¹Á¸ÕÅX°Ê¥¦¡C</para>
-
- <para>ª½¨ì³o­Ó°ÝÃD³Q¸Ñ¨M¥H«e¡A±z¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î³o­Ó¤èªk¡G</para>
-
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>¦b¬Ý¨ì¶}¾÷´£¥Ü®É¿é¤J <option>-c</option>
- ¡]³o·|Åý kernel ¶i¤J³]©w¼Ò¦¡¡^¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¨ú®ø <devicename>sio0</devicename> ¡A
- <devicename>sio1</devicename> ¡A
- <devicename>sio2</devicename> ©M
- <devicename>sio3</devicename>¡]¥þ³¡¡^¡C
- ³o¥i¥HÅý sio ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤£°Ê§@ -&gt; ©ó¬O°ÝÃD¸Ñ¨M¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¿é¤J exit ¥HÄ~Äò±Ò°Êµ{§Ç¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
-
- <para>¦pªG±z·Q­n¨Ï¥Î±zªº§Ç¦C°ð¡A±z»Ý­n­×§ï
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- <literal>0x2e8</literal> ³o­Ó¦r¦ê¡A²¾°£³o­Ó¦r¦ê¤Î¥¦«e­±ªº³r¸¹
- ¡]«O¯d«á­±ªº¡^¡AµM«á­«·s½sͤ@­Ó·sªº kernel¡C</para>
-
- <para>´Nºâ¨Ï¥Î¤F¤W­±³o¨Ç¤èªk¡AX Window ¤´µM¦³¥i¯àµLªk¶¶§Q°õ¦æ¡C
- ¦pªGµo¥Í¤F³oºØ±¡§Î¡A½Ð½T©w§A¥Îªº XFree86 ªºª©¥»¬O³Ì·sªº XFree86
- 3.3.3 ©Î¬O¨ä«áªºª©¥»¡C¥¦­Ì¦³¤º«Ø¤ä´© Mach 64 ³o±i¥d¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬°¤F³o
- ¨Ç¥dÁÙªþ¦³¤@­Ó¯S§Oªº X Server</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="reallybigram">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Úªº¨t²Î¸Ë¦³ 128 MB ªº RAM¡A¦Ó FreeBSD ¥u¥Î¤F¨ä¤¤ªº
- 64MB¡H</para>
- </question>
-
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- <para>¦]¬° FreeBSD ¬O¨Ï¥Î©I¥s BIOS ¨Ó¨ú±o°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤pªº¤èªk¡A¦]¦¹¥¦
- ¥u¯à°»´ú¨ì 16 bits ¦ì¤¸ªø«×ªº KByte ¤j¤p¡]65535 KBytes = 64MB¡^
- ¡]©ÎªÌ§ó¤Ö..¡C¦³¨Ç BIOS ±N³Ì°ª°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p­­¬°¥u¦³ 16MB¡^
- ¦pªG±z¾Ö¦³ 64MB ¥H¤Wªº RAM¡AFreeBSD ·|¹Á¸Õ¥h°»´ú¥X¥¦¡A¦ý¬O¦³¥i¯à
- ·|¥¢±Ñ¡C</para>
-
- <para>­n¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A±z»Ý­n¨Ï¥Î¤U­±©Ò´£ªº kernel ³]©w¿ï¶µ¡CÁöµM¦³
- ¤èªk¥i¥H±q BIOS ¤¤¨ú±o°O¾ÐÅ骺§¹¾ã¸ê°T¡A¦ý¬O¥Ø«e§Ú­Ì¦b¶}¾÷°Ï¤¤¨Ã
- ¨S¦³¦h¾lªºªÅ¶¡¨Ó°µ³o¥ó¨Æ¡C·í¬Y¤Ñ¶}¾÷°ÏªÅ¶¡¤£¨¬ªº±¡§ÎÀò±o¸Ñ¨M®É¡A
- §Ú­Ì±N·|¨Ï¥Î BIOS ªº©µ¦ù¥\¯à¨Ó¨ú±o°O¾ÐÅ骺§¹¾ã¸ê°T...¦ý²{¦b§Ú­Ì
- ±N¥¦©ñ¦b kernel ³]©w¿ï¶µ¤¤¡C</para>
-
- <para><literal>options "MAXMEM=<replaceable>n</replaceable>"</literal></para>
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- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
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- <para>¾÷¾¹¤Wªº RAM ¦³ 1GB ¥H¤W¡A¥i¬O¬°¦ó«o¦¬¨ì <quote>kmem_map too small</quote>
- ªº panic ¿ù»~°T®§¡H
- </para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³q±` FreeBSD ·|¨Ì¾Ú¾÷¾¹ª¬ªp¨Ó¦Û°Ê½Õ¾ã kernel ¬ÛÃö°Ñ¼Æ³]©w¡A¤ñ¦p¡G
- ®Ú¾Ú¾÷¾¹©Ò¸Ëªº RAM ¤j¤p¨Ó¨M©w¦P®É¥i¶}±ÒªºÀɮ׼ƶq¦h¹è¡C
- µM¦Ó¡A¦b 1GB RAM(§t¥H¤W) ªº¾÷¾¹¤W¡A³o­Ó¡y¦Û°Ê½Õ¾ã¡zªº¾÷¨î¥i¯à¦³®É·|°ª¦ô¡G
- ¤ñ¤è»¡..¶}¾÷®É¡Akernel ·|¥ý°t¸m¦UºØ¤£¦P¥Î³~ªºªí®æ¤Î¨ä¥L¬[ºc©ñ¨ì°O¾ÐÅé¤W¡A
- µM«á¡A·í¾ã­Ó§@·~¨t²Î³£¶}©l¹B§@¤§«á¡Akernel ´N·|¶}©l¤£°÷ªÅ¶¡¨Ó°µ°O¾ÐÅé°t¸mªº°ÊºA½Õ¾ã¡A
- ©ó¬O´N panic ±¾¤F¡C</para>
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- <para>¸Ñªk¬O¡G§â <option>VM_KMEM_SIZE_MAX</option> ¥[¨ì kernel ³]©wÀɤº¡A
- ¨Ã­«·s½sĶ kernel¡A¤ñ¦p¡G</para>
-
- <para><literal><option>options VM_KMEM_SIZE_MAX=419430400</option></literal></para>
-
- <para>
- ³o¼Ë·|³]©w 400&nbsp;MB ¨Óµ¹ kernel ¨Ï¥Î¡A¦Ó¥B±Ä¥Î 400&nbsp;MB ªº¸Ü¡A
- ¥Ø«e¦b 6GB RAM ªº¾÷¾¹¤W³£¥i³Q¦³®Ä¹B¥Î¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="panic-kmemmap-too-small">
- <para>¾÷¾¹¤W RAM ¤£¨ì 1GB ¡A¦ý¤´·|¥X²{
- <errorname>kmem_map too small!</errorname> ªº panic ¿ù»~°T®§
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- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¤§©Ò¥H panic ªº­ì¦]¦b©ó¨t²Î¥Î¥ú¤Fµ¹ network buffer ¥Î³~ªº virtual memory
- (¤×¨ä¬O mbuf clusters)¡C¸Ñªk¬O¼W¥[µ¹ mbuf clusters ¥Îªº virtual memory
- ¼Æ¶q¡A³o¨BÆJ½Ð°Ñ¾\ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥Uªº
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- ¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
-<!--
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-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="proc-table-full">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤@ª½¬Ý¨ì <errorname>/kernel: proc: table
- is full</errorname> ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para>
- </question>
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- <answer>
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- ©w­È¡A¥]¬A³Ì¤j¥i¾Ö¦³ªº process ¼Æµ¥¡C</para>
-
- <para>­Y­n½Õ¾ã <literal>MAXUSERS</literal>¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤¤ªº <ulink
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- (ÁöµM¸Ó³B«üªº¬O¡yÀɮתº¶}±Ò¼Æ¶q­­¨î¡z¡A¦ý¤]¾A¥Î©ó process³¡¤À¡C)</para>
-
- <para>¦b FreeBSD 4.4 ¤§«á¡A<literal>MAXUSERS</literal> ¤w¸gÅܦ¨¥i
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- busy</errorname> ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para>
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- </qandaentry>
-
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- </question>
-
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-<literallayout> * §Ú¤@ª½¦¬¨ì¦³Ãö "Local configuration error" ªº«H¥ó¡A¨Ò¦p¡G
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- <application>screen</application> ´£¨Ñ±z¦b¤@­Ó terminal
- ùئP®É¶]¦n´X­Ó session ªº¯à¤O¡A¦Ó¥B¥¦¥»¨­¤]¬O¤@­Ó¬Û·í¦n
- ªº³nÅé¡C¨C­Ó <application>screen</application> ³£¹³¬O¤@­Ó
- VT100 ªº²×ºÝ¾÷¡A©Ò¥H»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº TERM ÅܼÆÀ³¸Ó³]¬°
- <literal>vt100</literal>¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¦b»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº²×ºÝ¾÷¸ê®Æ®w¡]terminal database¡^¤¤¥[¤J
- <literal>cons25</literal> ªº¸ê®Æ¡C¥[¤Jªº¤èªkµø»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº
- §@·~¨t²Î¤£¦P¦Ó¦³©Ò®t²§¡C½Ð°Ñ¾\»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹µ¹¨t²ÎºÞ²z­ûªº»¡©ú
- ®Ñ¡AÀ³¸Ó·|¦³©ÒÀ°§U¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>±Ò°Ê FreeBSD ªº X ¦øªA¾¹¡AµM«á¨Ï¥Î¤@¨Ç X Window ¤Uªº
- ²×ºÝ¾÷¼ÒÀÀ¾¹¨Óµn¤J»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹¡A¨Ò¦p <command>xterm</command>
- ©Î <command>rxvt</command>¡C¦Ó»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº TERM ÅܼÆÀ³¸Ó­n
- ³]¬° <literal>xterm</literal> ©Î <literal>vt100</literal>¡C
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="calcru-negative">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Úªº¾÷¾¹¤@ª½Åã¥Ü
- <errorname>calcru: negative time...</errorname>¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¸ò¤¤Â_¡]interrupt¡^¦³Ãöªº¤£¦PµwÅé »P/©Î ³nÅ骺·f°t³£¦³¥i¯à³y¦¨
- ³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C³o¦³¥i¯à¬O bug ©Î¬O¬Y­Ó¸Ë¸m¥»¨­ªº°ÝÃD¡C¦b¥­¦æ°ð¤W¨Ï¥Î
- ¤jªº MTU ¨Ó§@ TCP/IP ¶Ç¿é¥i¥H­«²{³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C­Y¬O¹Ï§Î¥[³t¥d³y¦¨³o­Ó
- °ÝÃDªº¸Ü¡A±zÀ³¸Ó¥ýÀˬd¥dªº¤¤Â_³]©w¡C</para>
-
- <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃDªºÃä»Ú®ÄÀ³¬O·|³y¦¨¦³¨Ç process ¥X²{
- <quote>SIGXCPU exceeded cpu time limit</quote> ªº°T®§¡A¦Ó¤£¥¿±`
- °±¤î¡C</para>
-
- <para>­Y¬O FreeBSD 3.0 ©Î¬O 1998 ¦~ 11 ¤ë 29 ¤é¥H«á¨ä¥Lª©¥»¡A¸U¤@
- ³o­Ó°ÝÃD¤@ª½µLªk¥H¨ä¥L¤èªk¸Ñ¨M¡A´N¥u¯à³]©w sysctl ÅܼơG</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl -w kern.timecounter.method=1</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>³o¼Ë·|¹ï®Ä¯à¦³¨Ç¼vÅT¡A¦ý¬O­Y¦Ò¼{¨ì³o­Ó°ÝÃD±a¨Óªº«áªG¡A³o¼Ë°µ
- ¬O­È±oªº¡C¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃDÁÙ¬O¦s¦bªº¸Ü¡AÅý sysctl ¨º­Ó­È¨ÌµM³]¬° 1¡A
- µM«á¼W¥[ kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤ <literal>NTIMECOUNTER</literal> ³o­Ó¿ï
- ¶µªº¼Æ­È¡C¦pªG±z±N <literal>NTIMECOUNTER</literal> ¼W¥[¨ì 20 ¨Ì
- µMµLªk¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¨º»ò±z¾÷¾¹¤Wªº¤¤Â_¤w¸g¦h¨ìµLªkÅý­p¼Æ¾¹ºû«ù¦b
- ¥i¾aªºª¬ºA¤F¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="pcm0-not-found">
- <para>¥X²{ <errorname>pcm0 not found</errorname> ³o­Ó°T®§¡A©ÎªÌ¬O
- §Úªº­µ®Ä¥dÅܦ¨¤F <devicename>pcm1</devicename>¡A¦ý¦b kernel ³]©w
- ÀÉùاڬO³] <literal>device pcm0</literal> °Ú¡C³o¬O«ç»ò¦^¨Æ©O¡H
- </para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦pªG±z¦b FreeBSD 3.x ¤W¨Ï¥Î PCI ­µ®Ä¥d´N·|µo¥Í³oºØ°ÝÃD¡C
- ¦]¬°<devicename>pcm0</devicename> ³o­Ó device ¬O¤º©w«O¯dµ¹ ISA
- ªº­µ®Ä¥dªº¡A©Ò¥H¦pªG±z¦³¤@±i PCI ªº­µ®Ä¥d¡A±z´N·|¹J¨ì³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A
- ¦Ó±zªº¥d·|Åܦ¨ <devicename>pcm1</devicename>¡C</para>
-
- <note>
- <para>¦pªG±z¥u§â kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤ªº³]©w§ï¦¨
- <literal>device pcm1</literal> ¬OµLªk°£¥h³o­Óĵ§i°T®§ªº¡A
- ³o¼Ë·|³y¦¨ <devicename>pcm1</devicename> ³Q«O¯dµ¹ ISA ­µ®Ä¥d¡A
- ¦Ó PCI ­µ®Ä¥d«h·|Åܦ¨ <devicename>pcm2</devicename>
- ¡]¥~¥[ <errorname>pcm1 not found</errorname> ªºÄµ§i°T®§¡^¡C
- </para>
- </note>
-
- <para>¦pªG±z¦³¤@±i PCI ªº­µ®Ä¥d¡A±z»Ý­n make
- <devicename>snd1</devicename> ³o­Ó device¡A¦Ó¤£¬O
- <devicename>snd0</devicename>¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>./MAKEDEV snd1</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃD¦b FreeBSD 4.x ¤W¨Ã¤£·|µo¥Í¡A¦]¬°«Ü¦h¤H§ë¤U¤F³\¦h¤ß
- ¤OÅý¥¦§ó<emphasis>PnP ¾É¦V</emphasis>¡A¦Ó¥B
- <devicename>pcm0</devicename> ³o­Ó device ¤]¤£¦A¬O¥u«O¯dµ¹ ISA
- ªº­µ®Ä¥d¤F¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="pnp-not-found">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò¦b§ó·s¨ì FreeBSD 4.X «á·|§ì¤£¨ì§Úªº PnP ¥d
- ¡]©ÎªÌ¬O§ì¦¨ <literal>unknown</literal>¡^¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD 4.X ²{¦b¤w¸g§ó <emphasis>PnP ¾É¦V</emphasis>¤F¡A
- ¦ÓÃä»Ú®ÄÀ³´N¬O·|µo¥Í¦³¨Ç¦b FreeBSD 3.X ¥i¥H¥Îªº PnP ¸Ë¸m
- ¡]¦p­µ®Ä¥d©Î¬O¤º´¡¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡^Åܦ¨µLªk¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
-
- <para>³o­Ó­ì¦]¥i¥H¥Î¤@«Ê¥Ñ Peter Wemm µo¨ì freebsd-questions
- ³o­Ó mailing list ¤Wªº«H¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ¡A¥¦­ì¥»¬O¸ÑÄÀ¬°¤°»ò¦³¤@­Ó¤º
- ´¡¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A¦b¨t²Î¤É¯Å¨ì FreeBSD 4.x «á¡A´N¨Sªk³Q§ì¨ì¤F
- ¡]¦b <literal>[]</literal> ùتº¬O¥t¥~¥[ªºµù¸Ñ¡AÅý¤º®e§ó©öÀ´¡^¡C
- </para>
-
- <blockquote>
- <para>The PNP bios preconfigured it [the modem] and left it
- laying around in port space¡Aso [in 3.x] the old-style ISA
- probes <quote>found</quote> it there.</para>
-
- <para>Under 4.0¡Athe ISA code is much more PnP-centric. It was
- possible [in 3.x] for an ISA probe to find a
- <quote>stray</quote> device and then for the PNP device id to
- match and then fail due to resource conflicts. So¡Ait
- disables the programmable cards first so this double probing
- cannot happen. It also means that it needs to know the PnP
- id's for supported PnP hardware. Making this more user
- tweakable is on the TODO list.</para>
- </blockquote>
-
- <para>¦pªG­nÅý¸Ë¸m¯à¦A«×¹B§@¡A§Ú­Ì»Ý­n§ä¥X¥¦ªº PnP id¡AµM«á¦A±N¥¦
- ¥[¤J¤@¥÷¦b°»´ú ISA ¸Ë¸m®É·|¨Ï¥Îªºªí¤¤¡C¥i¥H°õ¦æ &man.pnpinfo.8;
- ¨Ó°»´ú³o­Ó¸Ë¸m¡AÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¤U­±¬O &man.pnpinfo.8; §ì¨ìªº¤@­Ó¤º´¡
- ¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷ªº¸ê®Æ¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pnpinfo</userinput>
-Checking for Plug-n-Play devices...
-
-Card assigned CSN #1
-Vendor ID PMC2430 (0x3024a341)¡ASerial Number 0xffffffff
-PnP Version 1.0¡AVendor Version 0
-Device Description: Pace 56 Voice Internal Plug & Play Modem
-
-Logical Device ID: PMC2430 0x3024a341 #0
- Device supports I/O Range Check
-TAG Start DF
- I/O Range 0x3f8 .. 0x3f8¡Aalignment 0x8¡Alen 0x8
- [16-bit addr]
- IRQ: 4 - only one type (true/edge)</screen>
-
- <para>[more TAG lines elided]</para>
-
- <screen>TAG End DF
-End Tag
-
-Successfully got 31 resources¡A1 logical fdevs
--- card select # 0x0001
-
-CSN PMC2430 (0x3024a341)¡ASerial Number 0xffffffff
-
-Logical device #0
-IO: 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8
-IRQ 5 0
-DMA 4 0
-IO range check 0x00 activate 0x01</screen>
-
- <para>±z©Ò»Ý­nªº¸ê°T¬O¤@¶}©l¬Ý¨ìªº <quote>Vendor ID</quote>
- ³o¤@¦æ¡C¬A¸¹¤¤ªº¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸½X¡]³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¤¤¬O 0x3024a341¡^´N¬O
- PnP id¡A¦Ó¦b³o¤§«eªº¦r¦ê¡]PMC2430¡^«h¬O¤@­Ó¿W¤@µL¤Gªº ASCII id¡C
- ¦Ó³o¨Ç¸ê®Æ»Ý­n³Q¥[¨ì <filename>/usr/src/sys/isa/sio.c</filename>
- ³o­ÓÀÉ®×ùØ¡C</para>
-
- <para>¬°¤F¨¾¤î¥ô¦óªF¦è¥X¿ù¡A±zÀ³¸Ó­n¥ý³Æ¥÷¥Ø«eªº
- <filename>sio.c</filename>¡C¦Ó¥B±z­n submit PR ®É¤]»Ý­n³o­Ó
- ­ì©lÀɮרӰµ¥X patch¡]±zÀ³¸Ó·|±N¥¦ submit PR §a..¡G¡^..¡^¡C
- ±µµÛ´N½s¿è <filename>sio.c</filename> §ä´M¤U­±³o¦æ</para>
-
- <programlisting>static struct isa_pnp_id sio_ids[] = {</programlisting>
-
- <para>±µµÛ©¹¤U±²°Ê¡A§ä­Ó¥¿½Tªº¦ì¸m¨Ó´¡¤J±zªº¸Ë¸m¸ê°T¡C±z¬Ý¨ìªº´N
- ¤U­±³o­Ó¼Ë¤l¡A¥¦­Ì¬O·Ó¥kÃäµù¸Ñ¸Ì­±ªº ASCII ³o­Ó Vender ID °µ±Æ
- §Çªº¡A©Î¬O &man.pnpinfo.8; ©Ò§ä¨ìªº¤@³¡¤À
- <emphasis>¸Ë¸m´y­z</emphasis>¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>{0x0f804f3f¡ANULL}¡A /* OZO800f - Zoom 2812 (56k Modem) */
-{0x39804f3f¡ANULL}¡A /* OZO8039 - Zoom 56k flex */
-{0x3024a341¡ANULL}¡A /* PMC2430 - Pace 56 Voice Internal Modem */
-{0x1000eb49¡ANULL}¡A /* ROK0010 - Rockwell ? */
-{0x5002734a¡ANULL}¡A /* RSS0250 - 5614Jx3(G) Internal Modem */</programlisting>
-
- <para>§â±z³o­Ó¸Ë¸mªº¤Q¤»¶i¦ìªº Vender ID ¥[¨ì¥¿½Tªº¦a¤è¡A¦sÀÉ¡A
- µM«á­«·s½s¤@­Ó kernel¡A¦A­«¶}¾÷¡C¤§«á³o­Ó¸Ë¸mÀ³¸Ó´N·|¹³¦b
- FreeBSD 3.X ¤U¡A³Q°»´ú¬° <literal>sio</literal> ¸Ë¸m¤F¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="nlist-failed">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú±`±`¦b¶]¤@¨Çµ{¦¡¡]¨Ò¦p <command>top</command> ©Î
- <command>systat</command>¡^ªº®É­Ô¥X²{
- <errorname>nlist failed</errorname> ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃD¬O¦]¬°±z¶]ªºµ{¦¡»Ý­n¤@­Ó¯S§Oªº kernel symbol¡A¥i¬O
- ¤£ª¾¹D¤°»ò­ì¦]¦Ó§ä¤£¨ì¡Q¦Ó·|µo¥Í³o­Ó°ÝÃD¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°¤U­±¨â­Ó­ì¦]¡G
- </para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>±zªº kernel ©M userland ªºÀɮת©¥»¨Ã¤£¤@­P¡]¨Ò¦p»¡¡A±z
- ½s¤F¤@­Ó·sªº kernel¡A¦ý¬O¨Ã¨S¦³°õ¦æ¹ïÀ³ªº
- <maketarget>installworld</maketarget>¡A©Î¬O¨ä¥LÃþ¦ü±¡§Î¡^¡A
- ¦]¦¹ symbol table ªº¤º®e´N©MÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡½sĶ®Éªº¤£¤Ó¤@¼Ë¤F¡C¦p
- ªG¬O³oºØ±¡§Î¡A½Ð°õ¦æ§¹¾ãªº¤É¯Å¨BÆJ¡]½Ð°Ñ¾\
- <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> ¥H±oª¾¥¿½Tªº¬y
- µ{¡^¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>±z¨S¦³¥Î <command>/boot/loader</command> ¨Ó¸ü¤J±zªº
- kernel¡A¦Ó¬Oª½±µ¥Ñ boot2 ¶}¾÷¡]½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.boot.8;¡^¡C
- ÁöµM»¡¸õ¹L <command>/boot/loader</command> ¨Ã¨S¦³¤°»ò¿ù¡A
- ¦ý¬O¥¦¦b kernel symbols ¸òÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº·¾³q¤è­±¦û¤F«Ü­«ªº¥÷¶q¡C
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="connection-delay">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¥Î <command>ssh</command> ©Î <command>telnet</command>
- ³s¨ì§Úªº¹q¸£®É¡A·|µ¥«Ý«Üªøªº¤@¬q®É¶¡¤~¯à³s¤W¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¯gª¬¡GTCP ³s½u«Ø¥ß¤§«á©M¸ß°Ý±K½X¤§«e¡]¦pªG¬O¦b»¡ &man.telnet.1;
- ªº¸Ü¡A«h¬O login ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¸õ¥X¨Ó¤§«e¡^¡A­nµ¥«Ý«Üªøªº¤@¬q®É
- ¶¡¡C</para>
-
- <para>°ÝÃD©Ò¦b¡G³oºØ©µ¿ð±¡§Î±`±`¬O¦]¬°¦øªA³nÅé¡]server software¡^
- ¹Á¸Õ­n±N«È¤áºÝ¡]client¡^ªº IP ¦ì§}Âà´«¦¨¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡C¦]¬°«Ü¦h¦øªA
- ³nÅé¡A¥]¬A FreeBSD ¤º«Øªº Telnet ©M SSH¡A¬°¤F±N¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¼g¤J¬ö
- ¿ýÀɤ¤¥H¨ÑºÞ²zªÌ§@°Ñ¦Ò¡A¦Ó·|°µ³o¶µ°Ê§@¡C</para>
-
- <para>¸Ñ¨M¤èªk¡G¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃD¦b±z³s±µ¤£¦Pªº¦øªA¾¹®É³£·|µo¥Í¡A¨º»ò
- °ÝÃD¬O¦b±z«È¤áºÝ³o¤@¤è¡Q¦P¼Ëªº¡A¦pªG§O¤H¥u¦³¦b³s¨ì±zªº¦øªA¾¹¤W
- ¤~·|µo¥Í³o­Ó±¡§Î¡A¨º»ò°ÝÃD´N¬O¦b¦øªA¾¹³oÃä¤F¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG¬O«È¤áºÝ³o¤è¦³°ÝÃD¡A°ß¤@ªº¤èªk´N¬O±N DNS ¦øªA¾¹­×¦n¡A
- ³o¼Ë¹ï¤è¦øªA¾¹¤~¯à¥¿½TªºÂà´«¦WºÙ¡C¦pªG°ÝÃD¬O¦b¤º³¡°Ï°ìºô¸ôµo
- ¥Íªº¡A³oÀ³¸Ó¬O¦øªA¾¹¦³°ÝÃD¡A½Ð¸Ô²ÓÀˬd¤@¤U¡Q¬Û¤Ïªº¡A¦pªG¬O±z
- ¦b¤W Internet ®Éµo¥Íªº¡A¨º»ò±z»Ý­n¸ò±zªº ISP Ápµ¸¡A½Ð¥L­Ì¸Ñ¨M
- ³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG¬O¦øªA¾¹³oÃ䪺°ÝÃD¡A¦Ó¥B¬Oµo¥Í¦b¤º³¡°Ï°ìºô¸ô¡A¨º»ò±z»Ý
- ­n³]©w³o­Ó¦øªA¾¹¡A¨Ï¥¦¯à¥¿½T±N¤º³¡ºô¸ôªº IP ¦ì§}Âà´«¬°¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡C
- ½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.hosts.5; ©M &man.named.8; ªº»¡©ú¥HÀò±o§ó¦h¸ê°T¡C¦p
- ªG¬O¦b Internet ¤Wªº¦øªA¾¹µo¥Í³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¨º»ò¦³¥i¯à¬O±z¦øªA¾¹ªº
- Âà´«¥\¯à¥X°ÝÃD¡C±z¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¬d¸ß¥t¤@­Ó¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡A¤ñ¦p¡G
- <hostid>www.yahoo.com</hostid>¡C¦pªG¬d¤£¨ì¡A¨º»ò¥i¥H½T©w¬O±z³o
- Ãä¥X°ÝÃD¤F¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="stray-irq">
- <para><errorname>stray IRQ</errorname> ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¬O¤°»ò·N«ä¡H</para>
- </question>
- <answer>
- <para>Stray IRQs ¬OµwÅé IRQ ¦³ÂI¤p°ÝÃDªº²{¶H¡A¤j¦h¬O¦]¬°µwÅ饻¨­
- ¦bµo¥X¤¤Â_»Ý¨D«á¡A¤S¨ú®ø¤F¥¦¦Û¤vªº¤¤Â_­n¨D¡C</para>
- <para>¦³¤T­Ó¤èªk¥i¥HÀ³¥I³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡G</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>¤£²z·|³o­Óĵ§i¡C¤Ï¥¿¤@­Ó irq ¥X²{¤­¦¸Äµ§i«á¨t²Î´N¤£·|
- ¦AÅã¥Ü¤F¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>§â <function>isa_strayintr()</function> ùتº­È¡A¥Ñ 5
- §ï¦¨ 0¡A³o¼Ë©Ò¦³ªºÄµ§i°T®§³£¤£·|¥X²{¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>¦w¸Ë¨Ï¥Î irq 7 ªº¥­¦æ°ðµwÅé³]³Æ¡A¥H¤Î¥¦ªº PPP ÅX°Êµ{¦¡
- ¡]³o­Ó¤j³¡¤À¨t²Î³£¦³°µ¡^¡A±µµÛ¦w¸Ë ide µwºÐ©Î¬O¨ä¥L·|¨Ï¥Î
- irq 15 ªºµwÅé³]³Æ¥H¤Î¥¦ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="file-table-full">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò <errorname>file: table is full</errorname> ³o­Ó°T®§
- ¤@ª½¦b dmesg ùØ­«½Æ¥X²{¡H</para>
- </question>
- <answer>
- <para>³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¥Nªí¤F±z¨t²Îªº file descriptors ¤w¸g¨Ï¥Î¥ú¤F¡C
- ½Ð°Ñ¾\¤â¥U¤º <ulink url="../handbook/configtuning-kernel-limits.html">
- Tuning Kernel Limits</ulink> ¸Ì­±ªº <ulink
- url="../handbook/configtuning-kernel-limits.html#KERN-MAXFILES">
- kern.maxfiles</ulink> ³o­Ó³¹¸`¡A¸Ì­±¦³¤@¨Ç°Q½×¤Î¸Ñ¨M¤èªk¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="laptop-clock-skew">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Úµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤Wªº®ÉÄÁ¤@ª½Åã¥Ü¿ù»~ªº®É¶¡¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>±zªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¸Ì¦³¨â­Ó¥H¤Wªº®ÉÄÁ¡A¦Ó FreeBSD ¿ï¨ì¤F¿ùªº
- ¨º­Ó¡C</para>
-
- <para>°õ¦æ &man.dmesg.8;¡AÀˬd¤@¤U¦³ <literal>Timecounter</literal>
- ¦r¦êªº¨º´X¦æ¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ¬O FreeBSD ¿ï¥Îªº¡A³q±`¬O
- <literal>TSC</literal>¡C</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dmesg | grep Timecounter</userinput>
-Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz
-Timecounter "TSC" frequency 595573479 Hz</screen>
-
- <para>±z¥i¥H°õ¦æ &man.sysctl.3; ¬Ý¤@¤U
- <varname>kern.timecounter.hardware</varname> ³o­Ó­È°µ½T»{¡C</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.timecounter.hardware</userinput>
-kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC</screen>
-
- <para>BIOS ¥i¯à¦b¤@¨Ç±¡§Î¤U·|§ó§ï TSC ªº®É¯ß&mdash;¦³®É­Ô¬O¦]¬°
- ¦b¨Ï¥Î¹q¦À¤u§@®É·|§ó§ï³B²z¾¹ªº³t«×¡A¥t¥~¤]¦³¥i¯à¬O¶i¤J¤F¬Ù¹q¼Ò
- ¦¡¡A¥i¬O FreeBSD ¨Ã¤£·|¹îı¨ì³o¨Ç½Õ¾ã¡A¦Ó·|µo¥Í®É¶¡¼W¥[©Î¬O´î
- ¤Öªº±¡§Î¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦b¤W­±ªº¨Ò¤l·í¤¤¡A§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨ìÁÙ¦³ <literal>i8254</literal>
- ³o­Ó®ÉÄÁ¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü¡A°õ¦æ &man.sysctl.3; ¥Î¤â°Êªº¤è¦¡±N³o­Ó­È¼g¤J
- <varname>kern.timecounter.hardware</varname> ¤¤¡C</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl -w kern.timecounter.hardware=i8254</userinput>
-kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -&gt; i8254</screen>
-
- <para>³o¼Ë±zªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£À³¸Ó´N¥i¥H«O«ù¥¿½Tªº®É¶¡¤F¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG­nÅý³o­Ó§ó§ïªº°Ê§@¦A¨C¦¸¶}¾÷®É¦Û°Ê°õ¦æ¡A¦b
- <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> ùØ¥[¤J¤U­±³o¦æ¡C</para>
-
- <programlisting>kern.timecounter.hardware=i8254</programlisting>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="null-null">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Úªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£µLªk¥¿½Tªº°»´ú¨ì PC card ¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃD±`±`µo¥Í¦bÄé¤F¦h­Ó§@·~¨t²Îªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤W¡C¦³¨Ç«D
- BSD ªº§@·~¨t²Î·|Åý PC card ªºµwÅé¸Ë¸m³B¦b¤@­Ó¤£¤@­Pªºª¬ºA¤U
- ¡]inconsistent state¡^¡C¨Ï±o <command>pccardd</command> ¦b°»
- ´ú³o¤ù¥d®É¡AµLªk§ì¨ì¥¿½Tªº«¬¸¹¡A¦Ó¬O
- <errorname>"(null)""(null)"</errorname>¡C</para>
-
- <para>±z»Ý­n²¾°£ PC card ´¡¼Ñªº¹q·½¥H­«¸m³o­ÓµwÅé¸Ë¸m¡C¤@­Ó¤èªk¬O
- ±N±zªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£Ãö¾÷¡]¤£¬O¥ð¯v¼Ò¦¡¡A¤]¤£¬O«Ý©R¼Ò¦¡¡Q­n§¹¥þªºÃö
- ¾÷¡^¡Cµ¥­Ó´X¬íÄÁ¦A­«¶}¾÷¡C³o¼Ë±zªº PC card À³¸Ó´N¥¿±`¤F¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦³®É¦³¨Çµ§°O«¬¹q¸£ÁöµM¬Ý°_¨Ó¤w¸gÃö¾÷¤F¡A¦ý¹ê»Ú¤W¨Ã¨S¦³¡C
- ¦pªG±zµo²{¤W­±¨º­Ó¤èªk¨S¦³¥Î¡A½ÐÃö¾÷¡A²¾°£¹q¦À¡Aµ¥­Ó´X¬íÄÁ¡A
- §â¹q¦À¸Ë¤W¥hµM«á­«¶}¾÷¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="boot-read-error">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò¦b BIOS µe­±¤§«á¡AFreeBSD ªº boot loader Åã¥Ü
- <errorname>Read error</errorname> µM«á´N°±¤î¤£°Ê¤F¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o¬O¦]¬°FreeBSD ªº boot loader µLªk¥¿½Tªº§ä¥XµwºÐªº
- geometry¡C³o¼Ëªº¸Ü¡A´N»Ý­n¦b¥Î fdisk ¤À³Î©Î¬O­×§ï FreeBSD
- ªº slice ®É¡A¤â°Ê±N¥¿½Tªº­È¿é¤J¶i¥h¤F¡C</para>
- <para>¥¿½TªºµwºÐ geometry ­È¦b BIOS ¸Ì­±¥i¥H¬dªº¨ì¡Cª`·N¸ÓµwºÐªº
- cylinders¡Aheads ¥H¤Î sectors ³o¨Ç¼Æ­È¡C</para>
- <para>¦b°õ¦æ &man.sysinstall.8;ªº fdisk ®É¡A«ö¤U <keycap>G</keycap>
- ¥H«K¤â°Ê³]©wµwºÐªº geometry¡C</para>
- <para>³o®É·|¦³¤@­Ó¹ï¸Ü®Ø¸õ¥X¨Ó¡A¸ß°Ý±z¦³Ãö cylinders¡Aheads ¥H¤Î
- sectors ³o¨ÇªF¦èªº­È¡C½Ð±N­è­è¦b BIOS ¬d¨ìªº¼Æ¦r¡A¥H / §@¤À¹j¿é
- ¤J¶i¥h¡C</para>
- <para>Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG¬O 5000 cylinders¡A250 sectors ©M 60 sectors
- ´N¿é¤J <userinput>5000/250/60</userinput></para>
- <para>¿é¤J§¹«á½Ð«ö enter Áä½T»{¡A³Ì«á«ö¤U <keycap>W</keycap> Áä§â
- ·sªº¤À³Î°Ïªí¼g¤JµwºÐ·í¤¤¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="bootmanager-restore">
- <para>¥t¤@­Ó§@·~¨t²ÎºR·´¤F§Úªº Boot Manager¡C§Ú­n«ç»ò¼Ë¤~¯à§â¥¦ÁÙ
- ­ì¦^¨Ó¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>°õ¦æ &man.sysinstall.8; ±µµÛ¿ï Configure¡AµM«á¿ï Fdisk¡C
- ¦A¨Ó¥Î<keycap>ªÅ¥Õ</keycap>Áä¿ï¾Ü­ì¥ý Boot Manager ©Ò¦bªºµwºÐ¡C
- «ö¤U <keycap>W</keycap> Áä¨Ó§@¼g¤Jªº°Ê§@¡C³o®É·|¸õ¥X¤@­Ó´£¥Ü
- °T®§¡A¸ß°Ý±z­n¦w¸Ë­þ¤@­Ó boot loader¡C½Ð¿ï¾Ü Boot Manager¡A
- ³o¼Ë´N¥i¥H±N¥¦ÁÙ­ì¤F¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="indefinite-wait-buffer">
- <para>³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡G<errorname>swap_pager: indefinite
- wait buffer:</errorname> ¬O¤°»ò·N«ä©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o­Ó°T®§¬O»¡¦³¤@­Ó°õ¦æµ{§Ç¥¿¦b¹Á¸Õ±N¤À­¶°O¾ÐÅé¡]page memory¡^
- ¼g¤JµwºÐ¤¤¡A¦Ó³o­Ó°Ê§@¹Á¸Õ¤F 20 ¬íÄÁ¤´µMµLªk¦¨¥\¡C³o­Ó¦³¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°
- µwºÐ¦³Ãa­y¡B¹q¸ô©Î±Æ½u¦³°ÝÃD¡B¥H¤Î¨ä¥L¸òµwºÐŪ¥X¼g¤J¦³ÃöªºµwÅé³]³Æ¡C
- ¦pªG¯uªº¬OµwºÐÃa­yªº°ÝÃD¡A±zÀ³¸Ó·|¦b
- <filename>/var/log/messages</filename>³o­ÓÀɮפ¤¡A©Î¬O¦b°õ¦æ
- <command>dmesg</command>³o­Ó«ü¥O«á¡A¬Ý¨ì¦³ÃöºÏºÐ¿ù»~ªº°T®§¡C
- ¦pªG¨S¦³¡A¨º»ò½ÐÀˬd±zªº±Æ½uÁÙ¦³±µÀY³s±µ¬O§_¨}¦n¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="touch-not-found">
- <para>¬°¦ó¦b buildworld/installworld ®É¡A·|­w¦b
- <errorname>touch: not found</errorname> ªº¿ù»~°T®§?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o¿ù»~°T®§¨Ã¤£¬O«ü &man.touch.1; µ{¦¡¤£¨£¤F¡A¨Æ¹ê¤W¥i¯à¬O¸ÓÀÉÀɮ׮ɶ¡³Q³]¬°¥¼¨Óªº®É¶¡¡C
- ­Y¾÷¾¹¤Wªº CMOS-clock ®ÉÄÁ³]©w¬°·í¦a®É¶¡
- («D®æªL«Âªv®É¶¡¡A¤ñ¦p¥xÆW®É¶¡¬° GMT +08:00 ¡A¤]´N¬O CST ¤¤­ì¼Ð·Ç®É¶¡)¡A
- ¨º»ò½Ð¦b¶}¾÷®É¡A¥ý¿ï single user ¼Ò¦¡¶i¤J¡AµM«á¥´
- <command>adjkerntz&nbsp;-i</command>
- ¨Ó½Õ¾ã kernel clock »P¾÷¾¹¤Wªº CMOS-clock ¨Ó¦P¨B¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="commercial">
- <chapterinfo>
- <author>
- <firstname>Vanilla</firstname>
- <surname>Shu</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address><email>vanilla@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </chapterinfo>
-
- <title>°Ó·~³nÅé</title>
-
- <note>
- <para>³o¤@¸`ªº¤º®eÁÙ¬O¬Û·í¤Ö¡A¤£¹L§Ú­Ì·íµM§Æ±æ¦U­Ó¤½¥q¯à¬°¥¦¥[ÂI¤º®e :)
- FreeBSD ²Õ´©M¦C¦b³o¸Ìªº¥ô¦ó¤@®a¤½¥q³£¨S¦³ª÷¿ú¤Wªº§Q®`Ãö«Y¡A¦C¥X¨Ó¯Âºé¥u¬O¹ï¤j²³¤½¶}¤¶²Ð(¦P®É¤]»{¬°¦b FreeBSD
- ¤Wªº°Ó¾÷­Y¿³©ô¡A·|¹ï FreeBSD ¥iªø¥i¤[¦³·¥¥¿­±ªº®Ä¯q)¡C§Ú­Ì¹ªÀy°Ó·~³nÅ骺¼t°Ó§â¥L­Ìªº²£«~¥]¬A¦b¤U­±ªº¦W³æ¤¤¡A¦b
- <ulink url="../../../../commercial/index.html">Vendors page</ulink> ¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì§óªøªº¦Cªí¡C</para>
- </note>
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="officesuite">
- <para>¦b­þÃä§ä¨ìµ¹ FreeBSD ¥Îªº Office ®M¥ó©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para><ulink
- url="http://www.openoffice.org">OpenOffice</ulink> ³o®M open-source ©Ê½èªº office
- ¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤W¥¿±`¹B¥Î¦Û¦p¡A¦Ó &linux; ª©ªº
- <ulink
- url="http://www.sun.com/staroffice/">StarOffice</ulink>,
- ³o®M closed-source ªº OpenOffice ¥[­Èª©¡A¤]¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤W¥¿±`¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
-
- <para>FreeBSD ¤WÁÙ¦³³\¦h½s±Æ³nÅé¡B¸Õºâªí(Spreadsheet)¥H¤Îø¹Ï³nÅé³£¥i¥Î Ports
- Collection ¨Ó¦w¸Ë³á¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="motif">
- <para>¦b­þÃä¥i§ä¨ìµ¹ FreeBSD ¥Îªº Motif¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Open Group ÄÀ¥X¤F Motif 2.1.30 ªº­ì©l½X¡A¥i¥H³z¹L
- <literal>open-motif</literal> package ¦w¸Ë¡A©Î¬O¥Ñ ports ¦Û¦æ
- ½sĶ¡C¬ÛÃöªº¸ê°T¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò handbook ¤¤ªº <ulink
- url="../handbook/ports.html">ports</ulink> ³¹¸`¡C
-
- <note>
- <para>Open Motif ¥u¯à¦b¦P¼Ë¤]¬O <ulink
- url="http://www.opensource.org/">open source</ulink>
- ªº§@·~¨t²Î©Î­p¹º¤¤¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
- </note>
- </para>
-
- <para>¥t¥~¡A¤]¬O¦³°Ó·~ª©¥»ªº Motif ¦s¦b¡C¤]³\³oºØª©¥»ªº Motif
- ¤£¬O§K¶Oªº¡A¦ý¬Oµ´¹ï¤¹³\¥Î¦b closed-source ªºÀô¹Ò¤U¡C
- <link linkend="apps2go">Apps2go</link> ´£¨Ñ¤F³Ì«K©yªº FreeBSD
- (¥]¬A i386 ¸ò alpha)ª©¥»ªº ELF Motif 2.1.20 ®M¥ó¡C
- <anchor id="apps2go"/></para>
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- <quote>runtime ª©¥»</quote> ¡C³o¨âºØ®M¥ó³£¥]¬A¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Development kit with uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, include
- and Imake files.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Static and dynamic ELF libraries (for use with
- FreeBSD 3.0 and above).</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Demonstration applets.</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>¦]¬° <emphasis>Apps2go</emphasis> ¤]¦³´£¨Ñ NetBSD ©M OpenBSD
- ªºª©¥»¡A©Ò¥H¦b­qÁʮɽЯS§O«ü©w¬O­n FreeBSD ª©¥»ªº Motif¡I
- ¥L­Ì¥Ø«e¥u´£¨Ñ¥H FTP ªº¤è¦¡¨ú±o³o¥÷®M¥ó¡C</para>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term>§ó¦h¸ê°T</term>
- <listitem>
- <para><ulink url="http://www.apps2go.com/">
- Apps2go WWW page</ulink></para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>©Î</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- <email>sales@apps2go.com</email> ©Î
- <email>support@apps2go.com</email>
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>©Î</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>phone (817) 431 8775 or +1 817 431-8775</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
-
- <para>¤]¥i¥HÁpµ¸ <link linkend="xig">Xi Graphics</link>¡A¥L­Ì´£¨Ñ¤F¤@­Ó
- FreeBSD a.out ®æ¦¡ªº Motif 2.0 ®M¥ó¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦b³o®M¥ó¤¤¥]¬A¤F¡G</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Development kit with uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, include
- and Imake files.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Static and dynamic libraries (for use with FreeBSD
- 2.2.8 and earlier).</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Demonstration applets.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Preformatted man pages.</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>¦b§A¸ò¥L­Ì­qÁÊ Motif ®É¡A½Ð¤@©wµù©ú§A­nªº¬O FreeBSD ªºª©¥»¡I
- ¦]¬° <emphasis>Xi Graphics</emphasis> ¤]¦P®É´£¨Ñ¤F BSDI ¸ò Linux
- ª©¥»ªº Motif¡C¥Ø«eµo¦æªºª©¥»¬O©ñ¦b¥|¶ôºÏ¤ù¤¤¡A±N¨Ó¥L­Ì·|±N©Ò¦³ªº
- ªF¦è³£©ñ¨ì¥úºÐ¸Ì¡A´N¹³¥L­Ì©Òµo¦æªº CDE ¤@¼Ë¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="cde">
- <para>¦b­þÃä¥i§ä¨ìµ¹ FreeBSD ¥Îªº CDE¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para><link linkend="xig">Xi Graphics</link> ¥H«e¦³½æ FreeBSD ¥Îªº
- CDE¡A¤£¹L²{¤w°±¤îµo°â¤F¡C</para>
-
- <para>´N³\¦h¤è­±¦Ó¨¥¡A<ulink url="http://www.kde.org/">KDE</ulink> ³o­Ó open
- source ªº®à­±Àô¹Ò»P CDE ¬Û·íÃþ¦ü¡C¦¹¥~¡A§A¥i¯à·|³ßÅw¨Ï¥Î <ulink
- url="http://www.xfce.org/">xfce</ulink>¡CKDE ¤Î xfce ³£¥i¥Ñ <ulink url="&url.base;/ports/index.html">ports
- ¾÷¨î</ulink>¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="commercial-xserver">
- <para>¦³¨S¦³­n¿ú¡A¦ý¬O°ª®Ä²vªº X servers¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦³¡A <ulink url="http://www.xig.com/">Xi Graphics</ulink>
- ¦³´£¨Ñµ¹ FreeBSD¡]©Î¨ä¥L Intel ¥­¥x¤W¡^¥Îªº X µøµ¡¥[³t²£«~¡C</para>
-
-
- <para>Xi Graphics ©Ò´£¨Ñªº°ª®Ä¯à X Server ¦³«D±`²³æªº³]©w¤è¦¡¡A
- ¨Ã¥B¤ä´©¤F¥Ø«e¥«­±¤W·í¬õªº¦U¤j¼tµPªºÅã¥Ü¥d¡C¥¦¥uµ¹§A Binary ÀɮסA
- ¬O¥ÎºÏ¤ùªº¤è¦¡µo¦æ¡AFreeBSD ¸ò Linux ª©¥»³£¬Û¦P¡CXi Graphics ¦P®É
- ¤]´£¨Ñ¤F±Mªùµ¹µ§°O«¬¹q¸£¥Îªº°ª®Ä¯à X Server¡C<anchor id="xig"/></para>
-
- <para>5.0 ª©¦³´£¨Ñ§K¶Oªº¬Û®e <quote>demo</quote> ª©¥»</para>
-
- <para>Xi Graphics ¤]¦³¦b½æ FreeBSD ¥Îªº Motif ¸ò CDE¡]©¹¤W­±¬Ý¬Ý¡^¡C
- </para>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term>§ó¦hªº¸ê°T</term>
- <listitem>
- <para><ulink url="http://www.xig.com/">
- Xi Graphics WWW page</ulink></para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>©Î</term>
- <listitem>
- <para><email>sales@xig.com</email>
- ©Î <email>support@xig.com</email>
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>©Î</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>phone (800) 946 7433 or +1 303 298-7478.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="database-systems">
- <para>¦b FreeBSD ¤W¦³¥ô¦óªº¸ê®Æ®w¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦³! ½Ð¬Ý FreeBSD ºô¯¸¤W <ulink
- url="../../../../commercial/software_bycat.html#CATEGORY_DATABASE">
- °Ó·~³nÅ餽¥q </ulink> ³o¤@³¡¥÷¡C</para>
-
- <para>ÁÙ¦³½Ð°Ñ¦Ò ports ¤¤ <ulink
- url="../../../../ports/databases.html">
- Databases</ulink> ¬ÛÃöªº¦¬¶°¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="oracle-support">
- <para>¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤W°õ¦æ Oracle ¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥i¥H¡A¤U­±³o­Óºô­¶·|»¡©ú¦p¦ó¦b FreeBSD ¤W°õ¦æ Linux
- ª©ªº Oracle¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><ulink
- url="http://www.scc.nl/~marcel/howto-oracle.html">
- http://www.scc.nl/~marcel/howto-oracle.html</ulink></para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><ulink
- url="http://www.lf.net/lf/pi/oracle/install-linux-oracle-on-freebsd">
-
- http://www.lf.net/lf/pi/oracle/install-linux-oracle-on-freebsd</ulink></para>
-
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="applications">
- <chapterinfo>
- <author>
- <firstname>Kang-min</firstname>
- <surname>Liu</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address><email>gugod@gugod.org</email></address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </chapterinfo>
-
- <title>¤@¯ëÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡</title>
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="user-apps">
- <para>¶â..§Ú­n¦b­þ§ä¨ì§Ú­nªºµ{¦¡©O?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>½Ð¬Ý¬Ý <ulink url="../../../../ports/index.html">ports
- ¥Ø¿ý</ulink> §a¡C³oÃ䦳¥÷¤w¸g port ¨ì FreeBSD ªº³nÅé¦Cªí¡C
- ¥Ø«e¦³¶W¹L &os.numports; ­Ó³nÅé¤w¸g³Qport ¨ì FreeBSD ¤W¡A¨Ã¥B¨C¤Ñ
- ³£¦b¼W¥[¤¤¡C©Ò¥H¦³ªÅ´N¦h¬Ý¬Ý³o¥÷¦Cªí¡A¤£µM§A¤]¥i¥H­q¾\
- <literal>freebsd-announce</literal> <link linkend="mailing">
- ³o¥÷ mailing list</link>¡A·|¦³¤H±N¨C­Ó¬P´Á³Ì·sªº³nÅé¦Cªí¶K¦b¤W­±¡C</para>
-
- <para>¤j³¡¥÷ªº ports À³¸Ó³£¥i¥H¦b 4.X¡B5.X ¸ò 6.X ªº¨t²Î¤W¨Ï¥Î¡C
- ¨C¦¸·í FreeBSD release ·sª©®É¡A³£·|¦³¤@¥÷ ports tree ³Q©ñ¦b³o¤@­Ó
- release cd ¸Ì­±ªº <filename>ports/</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¸Ì¡C</para>
-
- <para>§Ú­Ì¤]¤ä´©¤@ºØ¥s <quote>package</quote> ªº·§©À¡A°ò¥»¤W
- ´N¬O gzip À£ÁY¡B¥i¥Î¨Óµo¦æªº binary ÀɮסA¦ý¬O¸Ì­±ÂäF¤@
- ¨Ç¬Û·í¦³¥Îªº¸ê°T¡A¥i¥Hµ¹¦UºØ¦Û­q¦w¸Ë¨Ó¨Ï¥Î¡C¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤£¥²ª¾
- ¹D¬Y­Ó package ¸Ì¨s³º¦³¥]¬A­þ¨ÇÀɮסA´N¥i`¥H«Ü¤è«K¦a­«½Æ±N
- ¥¦¦w¸Ë/¤Ï¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
-
- <para>§A¥i¥H°õ¦æ <filename>sysinstall</filename>(&os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>) «á¡A
- ¦b post-configuration ¿ï³æ¤U¿ï¾Ü package ³o­Ó¦w¸Ë¿ï¶µ¡F©Î
- ¬O¹ï¬Y­Ó¦³¿³½ìªº package ÀÉ®×°õ¦æ &man.pkg.add.1;
- §â¥¦¸Ë°_¨Ó¡CPackage Àɮ׳q±`¥H <filename>.tgz</filename> ©Î <filename>.tbz</filename>
- ¬°°ÆÀɦW¡A¤â¤W¦³ FreeBSD CDROM ªº¤H¥i¥H¦b <filename>packages/All</filename> ³o­Ó¥Ø¿ý¤U§ä¨ì³oÃþÀɮסC
- ¹ï¤£¦Pªº FreeBSD ª©¥»¡A¤]¥i¥H±q¤U¦C¦ì§}¥Ñºô¸ô¤W¨ú±o¡G</para>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term>µ¹ 4.X-RELEASE/4-STABLE ¥Îªº</term>
- <listitem>
- <para><ulink
- url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-4-stable/">
- ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-4-stable/</ulink></para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>µ¹ 5.X-RELEASE/5-STABLE ¥Îªº</term>
- <listitem>
- <para><ulink
- url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5-stable/">
- ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5-stable</ulink></para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>µ¹ 6.X-RELEASE/6-STABLE ¥Îªº</term>
- <listitem>
- <para><ulink
- url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6-stable/">
- ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6-stable</ulink></para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>µ¹ 7-CURRENT ¥Îªº</term>
- <listitem>
- <para><ulink
- url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-7-current/">
- ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-7-current</ulink></para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
-
- <para>©Î¬OÂ÷§A³Ìªñªº mirror ¯¸¡C</para>
-
- <para>­nª`·Nªº¬O¡A¦]¬°·sªº port ¤@ª½¦b¼W¥[¤¤¡A©Ò¥H¨Ã¤£¬O©Ò¦³ port
- ³£¦³¬Û¹ïÀ³ªº package¡C³Ì¦n©w®ÉÀˬd<ulink
- url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp.FreeBSD.org</ulink>
- ¡A¬Ý¬Ý¦³­þ¨Ç package ¥i¥H¥Î¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="configure-inn">
- <para>¸Ó«ç»ò³]©w INN(Internet News) ¨Ó·í news server¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥H package ©Î port ¤è¦¡¨Ó¸Ë¦n <filename
- role="package">news/inn</filename> ¤§«á¡A<ulink
- url="http://www.visi.com/~barr/INN.html">Dave
- Barr's INN Page</ulink> ¬O­Ó«D±`¦nªº INN ¤Jªù³B¡A§A¥i¥H¦b¨ºÃä§ä¨ì INN ªº FAQ¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="java">
- <para>FreeBSD ¦³¤ä´© &java; ¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦³°Ú¡A½Ð¬Ý <ulink
- url="&url.base;/java/index.html">
- http://www.FreeBSD.org/java/</ulink></para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="missing-libcso30">
- <para>§Ú¥i¥H¦b­þÃä§ä¨ì libc.so.3.0?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>§A¥i¯à¦b¤@¥x 2.1.x ªº¾÷¾¹¤W¡A¶]µÛµ¹ 2.2/3.x/4.0 ªº³nÅé¡C
- ½Ð¦A©¹¤W­±¤@­Ó³¹¸`¬Ý¡A¥¿½Tªº¨ú±oµ¹§A¾÷¾¹¥Îªº port/package¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="missing-libcso40">
- <para>¬°¦ó§Ú±o¨ì¤F³o­Ó°T®§ ?<errorname>Error: can't find
- libc.so.4.0</errorname>?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>§A¤£¤p¤ß§ì¤Fµ¹ 4.X ¤Î 5.X ¨t²Î¥Îªº package¡A¨Ã¥B¹Á¸ÕµÛ
- ¥h¸Ë¦b§Aªº 2.X ©Î 3.X ªº¨t²Î¤W­±¡C½Ð¤U¸ü¥¿½Tª©¥»ªº package¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="emul">
- <para> ghostscript ¦b§Úªº 386/486SX ¤W¦³ÂI°ÝÃD©O¡I</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>§A¨S¦³¯BÂI¹Bºâ¾¹¡A¹ï§a¡H§A¥²¶·¦b§Aªº kernel ¤¤¥[¤J¼Æ¾Ç
- ¹Bºâ¼ÒÀÀ¾¹¡A§A¥i¥H¸òµÛ¤U­±ªº¨BÆJ°µ¡A¨Ã¦b§ó§ï¹L§Aªº kernel ³]©w
- ÀÉ«á¡A­«·s½s͹L¤@¦¸¡C</para>
-
- <programlisting>options GPL_MATH_EMULATE</programlisting>
-
- <note>
- <para>·í§A¥[¤J¤W¤@¦æªº¦P®É¡A§A¥²¶·±N
- <literal>MATH_EMULATE</literal> ²¾°£±¼¡C</para>
- </note>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="sco-socksys">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò·í§Ú°õ¦æ SCO/iBCS2 ªºµ{¦¡®É¡A¥¦¦b
- <errorname>socksys</errorname> ³o­Ó¦a¤è¥X¤F°ÝÃD¡H
- (FreeBSD 3.0 ¥H¤Î§ó¦­ªºª©¥»¤~¦³¦¹°ÝÃD¡C)</para></question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>§A¥²¶·¥ý­×§ï <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename> (©Î¬O
- <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ½ÐŪ &man.rc.conf.5;)
- ³oÀɮ׳̫á¤@­Ó³¹¸`¡A±N¤U­±©ÒÁ¿¨ìªºÅܼƳ]¦¨
- <literal>YES</literal>¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting># Set to YES if you want ibcs2 (SCO) emulation
- loaded at startup ibcs2=NO</programlisting>
-
- <para>³o·|¦b¶}¾÷®É±N ibcs2 ³o¤@­Ó kernel ¼Ò²Õ¸ü¤J¡C</para>
-
- <para>§AÁÙ­n±N§Aªº /compat/ibcs2/dev §ï¦¨¤U­±³o¼Ë¡G</para>
-
- <screen>lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 X0R@ -&gt; /dev/null
-lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 7 Oct 15 22:20 nfsd@ -&gt; socksys
--rw-rw-r-- 1 root wheel 0 Oct 28 12:02 null
-lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 socksys@ -&gt; /dev/null
-crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 41, 1 Oct 15 22:14 spx</screen>
-
- <para>§A¥u»Ý­n±N socksys Âà¦V¨ì <devicename>/dev/null</devicename>
- (½ÐŪ &man.null.4;) ¥hÄF¹L open &amp; close ªº°Ê§@¡C¦b -current
- ¸Ì­±ªº ibcs2 ¬ÛÃöµ{¦¡½X±N·|³B²z¨ä¾lªº³¡¥÷¡A³oºØ§@ªk¤ñ¥H«eªº¤è¦¡
- °®²b¤Ó¦h¤F¡C°²¦p§A·Q­n¨Ï¥Î <devicename>spx</devicename> ¤è­±ªº
- µ{¦¡¡A¦b§Aªº kernel ³]©wÀɸ̭± ¥[¤W<literal>SPX_HACK</literal>¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ms-frontpage">
- <para>§Ú¸Ó¨Ï¥Î¨º­Óª©¥»ªº Microsoft FrontPage¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Use the Port, Luke¡I¦b ports tree ¤¤¤w¸g¦³¤@­Ó¥]§t FrontPage
- ªº Apache ª©¥»¤F¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ports-3x">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§ÚµLªk¦b 3.X-STABLE ¾÷¾¹¤W¶¶§Q½s¦n³o­Ó port?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦pªG§Aªº FreeBSD ª©¥»¬Û¸û -CURRENT ©Î -STABLE ¤§¤U¬O«Ü¥j
- ¦­ªº¸Ü¡A©Î³\§A·|»Ý­n¤@­Ó¤É¯Å ports ªº¤u¨ã¡A¦b
- <ulink url="../../../../ports/index.html">
- http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/</ulink>¡C¦pªG§A¥H±N¨ä§ó·s«o¤´µL¥Î¡A
- ¨º»ò¤@©w¬O¬Y¤H§ó°Ê¤§«á³y¦¨ -CURRENT ¤~¯à¥Î¡A-STABLE µLªk¥Îªº±¡ªp¡C
- ¥Ñ©ó ports ¤º©Ò¦¬¶°ªº³nÅé¦b -CURRENT ©Î¬O -STABLE ¤W³£­n¯à¥Î¡A
- ©Ò¥H½Ð¾¨³t°e¥XÃö©ó¦¹°ÝÃDªºÂγø§i¡F½Ð¨Ï¥Î &man.send-pr.1; ³o­Ó«ü
- ¥O¨Ó°eÂγø§i¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="find-ldso">
- <para>¨º¸Ì¥i¥H§ä±o¨ì ld.so¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦³¨Ç a.out ®æ¦¡ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡·|»Ý­n a.out ®æ¦¡ªº¨ç¦¡®w¡A
- Netscape Navigator ´N¬O¤@­Ó¨Ò¤l¡C¤£¹L¥Î ELF ¨ç¦¡®w½s°_¨Ó
- ªº FreeBSD ¹w³]¨Ã¤£·|¦w¸Ëªº a.out ¨ç¦¡®w¡A©Ò¥H±z¥i¯à·|±o
- ¨ìÃþ¦ü§ä¤£¨ì <filename>/usr/libexec/ld.so</filename> ªº©ê«è°T
- ®§¡C¦pªG»¡±zªº¨t²Î¦³³o¦w¸Ë a.out ¨ç¦¡®wªº¥²­n¡A³o¨Ç¨ç¦¡®w
- (compat22) ¤]¯à°÷§Q¥Î &man.sysinstall.8; ¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡C©ÎªÌ§Q¥Î
- FreeBSD ­ì©l½X¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/lib/compat/compat22</userinput>&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>¦pªG§A§Æ±æ¨C¦¸ <command>make world</command> ®É·|¦Û°Ê§ó·s
- compat22 ¨ç¦¡®w¡A¨º»ò­×§ï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>¡A
- ¥[¤J <varname>COMPAT22=YES</varname>¡C³o¨Ç¬Û®e©ó¥j¦Ñª©¥»ªº¨ç¦¡®w
- ¤w¸g¨S¤°»ò¦b§ó·s¤F¡A©Ò¥H¤@¯ë»¡¨Ó¬O¤£»Ý­n³o¼Ëªº¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦P®É¤]½Ð±z¬Ý¤@¤U 3.1-RELEASE ©M 3.2-RELEASE ªº°É»~ªí(ERRATA)¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ports-update">
- <para>§Ú§ó·s¤F¨t²Î­ì©l½X¡A²{¦b§Ú­n«ç¼Ë¤É¯Å¬Y­Ó¤w¸g¦w¸Ë¤W
- ªº ports ?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD ¥»¨­¨Ã¨S¦³¦Û°Ê¤É¯Å ports ªº¤u¨ã¡A¦ý¦³¤@¨Ç¥i¥HÅý¤É¯Å
- ²¤Æ¤@¨Çªº¤pµ{¦¡¡C§A¤]¥i¥H¦Û¤v¸Ë¤WÃB¥~ªº¤u¨ã¨Ó³B²z¡C</para>
-
- <para>&man.pkg.version.1; «ü¥O¥i¥H¦Û°Ê²£¥Í¥Î¨Ó¹F¨ì¦Û°Ê¤É¯Å¨ì
- ports tree ³Ì·sª©¥»ªº script¡C</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_version <option>-c</option> > <replaceable>/tmp/myscript</replaceable></userinput></screen>
-
- <para><emphasis>¤@©w­n</emphasis>¦b¤â°Ê­×§ï¤@¤U²£¥Í¥X¨Óªº script¡C
- ¥Ø«eªº &man.pkg.version.1; ¦b script ³Ì«e­±¥[¤J &man.exit.1; ±j
- ­¢§A¥h­×§ï¥¦¡C</para>
-
- <para>§AÀ³±N°õ¦æ script ©Ò²£¥Íªº¿é¥X°O¿ý¤U¨Ó¡A¦]¬°¸Ì­±·|¦³°O¸ü¬Y¨Ç
- ©|¥¼¤É¯Å¦ý¤w¸g§ó·sªº ports¡C¤£¹L§A¤£¤@©w­n¥h¤É¯Å¥¦­Ì¡C³q±`¬O¦]¬°
- ¦³¬Y­Ó¦@¥Îªº¨ç¦¡®w¤w¸g§ïÅܪ©¥»¸¹¤F¡A¤~­n¥h­«½s¤@¦¸¨º¨Ç¨Ï¥Î¨ì¸Ó¨ç
- ¦¡®wªº ports¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG§AªºµwºÐªÅ¶¡«Ü°÷¡A¨º»ò¥i¥H¥Î <command>portupgrade</command>
- ³o­Ó¤u¨ã¨Ó°µ¥þ¦Û°Ê³B¸Ì¡C<command>portupgrade</command> ¸Ì­±¤]¦³
- ¤@¨Ç¤pµ{¦¡¨Ó²¤Æ package ¤É¯Å¡A¥¦¦b
- <filename role="package">sysutils/portupgrade</filename>¡C
- ³o­Ó¤u¨ã¬O¥Î Ruby ³o­Ó»y¨¥¼gªº¡A©Ò¥H¨Ã¤£¾A¦X¥[¤J¨ì FreeBSD ªº­ì
- ©l½X¤¤¡A¤£¹L¨Ã¤£·|¦]¦¹Åý¬Y¨Ç¤H¤£¥Î¥¦¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG§Aªº¨t²Î¤@ª½³£³B©ó¶}¾÷ª¬ºA¡A¥i§Q¥Î &man.periodic.8; ¨t²Î¡A
- ¨C­Ó¬P´Á²£¥Í¤@±i»Ý­n¤É¯Åªº²M³æ¡C¥u­n¦b
- <filename>/etc/periodic.conf</filename> ¥[¤J
- <literal>weekly_status_pkg_enable="YES"</literal> ´N¥i¥H¤F¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="minima-sh">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò <command>/bin/sh</command>³o»òªº¤p¡H¬°¤°»ò FreeBSD
- ¤£§ï¥Î <command>bash</command> ©ÎªÌ¬O¨ä¥L¤ñ¸û±j®«ªº shell¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦]¬° POSIX »¡¡A¸Ó­n¦³³o»ò¼Ëªº¤@­Ó shell ¦b¤~¦æ¡C</para>
-
- <para>¤ñ¸ûÁcº¾ªºµª®×¡G³\¦h¤H»Ý­n¼g¥i¥H¸ó«Ü¦h¥­¥xªº shell script ¡C
- ³o¤]¬O¬°¦ó POSIX ±N shell ¥H¤Î¤u¨ã©RºÙ³£©w¸qªº«D±`¸Ô²Óªº½t¬G¡C
- ¤j³¡¥÷ªº script ³£¾A¥Î©ó Bourne shell¡A¤S¦]¬°¦³´X­Ó­«­nªº
- ¼gµ{¦¡©Ò¥Î¨ìªºµ{¦¡©ÎªÌ¨ç¦¡ (&man.make.1; , &man.system.3;,
- &man.popen.3;, ÁÙ¦³¦b Perl ©ÎªÌ Tcl ¸Ì­±©I¥s¨t²Îµ{¦¡ªº¦a¤è)
- ³£«ü©w¥Î Bourne shell ¡C¨º»ò¦]¬° Bourne Shell ¦p¦¹ªº¼sªx±`¥Î¡A
- ¨º»ò¥¦ªº°õ¦æ®Ä²v«K«Ü­«­n¡A§Ö³t¬O¥¦¨M©w©Êªº­nÂI¤§¤@¡AÁÙ­n¤£¦û¤Ó¦h
- °O¾ÐÅé¡C</para>
-
- <para>¥Ø«eªº <command>/bin/sh</command> ¤w¬O§Ú­Ì¹Ã¤ßÃw¦å¤§§@¡A¥¦¤w
- ¸gºÉ¶q¦a²Å¦X¼Ð·Ç³W©w¡C¬°¤FÅý¥¦«D±`¤p¡A§Ú­Ì®³±¼¤F¤@¨Ç¨ä¥L shell
- ¦³ªº¤è«K¥\¯à¡C³o¤]¬O¬°¤°»ò ports ¸Ì­±ÁÙ¦³«Ü¦h±j®«ªº shell ¡A¹³¬O
- bash, scsh, tcsh ¥H¤Î zsh ¡C (§A¥i¥H¦Û¤v¤ñ¸û¤@¤U³o¨Ç shell °õ¦æ
- ®É©Ò¦ûªº°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¡A¥h¬Ý¬Ý <command>ps -u</command> ¦C¥X¨Óªº
- <quote>VSZ</quote> ©M <quote>RSS</quote> ³o¨â­ÓÄæ¦ì´Nª¾¹D¤F¡C)
- </para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="netscape-slow-startup">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò Netscape ©M Opera ­nªá¦n¤[ªº®É¶¡¤~¯à±Ò°Ê¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³q±`¬O¦]¬°§Aªº DNS ¨S¦³³]©w¦n¡C Netscape ¸ò Opera ¦b±Ò°Êªº®É­Ô
- ³£·|¥hÀˬd¤@¤U DNS¡Cª½¨ì DNS ¦³¦^À³¡A©ÎªÌ¬OÂ_©wºô¸ô¥Ø«e¬OÂ_½u¤§«á¡A
- ¥¦­Ì¤~·|Åã¥Üµe­±¥X¨Ó¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
- </chapter>
-
-
- <chapter id="kernelconfig">
- <chapterinfo>
- <author>
- <firstname>Kang-min</firstname>
- <surname>Liu</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address><email>gugod@gugod.org</email></address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </chapterinfo>
-
- <title>kernel ³]©w</title>
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="make-kernel">
- <para>§Ú·Q¦Û­q kernel¡A³o·|«Ü§xÃø¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¤£·|¡I½Ð¬d¾\ <ulink url="../../handbook/kernelconfig.html">
- ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤¤ªº kernel ³]©w¤@¸`</ulink>¡C</para>
-
- <note>
- <para>§Ú·|«ØÄ³§A¦b§AÅý®Ö¤ß¯à¥¿±`¤u§@«á¡A°µ¤@­Ó
- <filename>kernel.YYMMDD</filename> ¤é´Á§Î¦¡ªº³Æ¥÷¡A¦P®É¤]³Æ¥÷
- <filename>/module</filename>³o­Ó¥Ø¿ý¦Ü
- <filename>/modules.YYMMDD</filename>¡C³o¼Ë¤U¦¸¦pªG§A«Ü¤£©¯ªºª±
- Ãa¤F³]©w¡A¦Ü¤Ö¥i¥H¤£»Ý­n¨Ï¥Î³Ì­ì©lªº
- <filename>kernel.GENERIC</filename>¡C¦p§A¥¿±q¤@­Ó GENERIC
- kernel ¸Ì­±¤£¤ä´©ªº±±¨î¾¹¸Ì±Ò°Ê®É¡A³o´NÅã±o¯S§O­«­n¡C</para>
- </note>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="missing-hw-float">
- <para>§Úªº®Ö¤ß¦]¬° <literal>_hw_float</literal>¿ò¥¢¦Ó½sĶ¥¢±Ñ¡C
- ¸Ó«ç»ò­×¥¿©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Åý§Ú²q¬Ý¬Ý¡A§A§â <devicename>npx0</devicename>
- (¸Ô¨£ &man.npx.4;) ±q§Aªº kernel ³]©wÀɲ¾°£¤F¡A¦]¬°§A¨S¦³¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¾¹¡A
- ¹ï¶Ü¡H¿ù¤F¡I:-) ³o­Ó <devicename>npx0</devicename>¬O
- <emphasis>¥²¶·­n¦³ªº</emphasis>¡C´Nºâ§A¨S¦³¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¾¹¡A§AÁÙ¬O
- <emphasis>¥²¶·</emphasis> ¤Þ¤J <devicename>npx0</devicename> ¸Ë¸m¡C
- </para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="why-kernel-big">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò³y¥X¨Óªº kernel ³o»ò¤j (10MB ¥H¤W) ¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o«Ü¦³¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°¡A§A§â kernel ½s¦¨ <emphasis>°»¿ù¼Ò¦¡</emphasis>
- ¤F¡C°»¿ù¼Ò¦¡¤§¤Uªº kernel ¸Ì­±·|¦sµÛ°»¿ù¥Îªº³\¦h²Å¸¹¡A¦]¦¹·|¤j´T
- ¼W¥[ kernel ªº¤j¤p¡C¦pªG»¡§Aªº FreeBSD ¬O 3.0 ¥H«áªºª©¥»¡A³o¹ï©ó
- ®Ä¯à¨Ó»¡¼vÅT¨Ã¤£¤j¡A´X¥G¬O¨S¦³¡C¦Ó¦b¨t²Î·|¦]¬Y¨Ç­ì¦] panic ®É¡A
- ¦³­Ó°»¿ù¼Ò¦¡ªº kernel ¦b¤]®¼¦³¥Îªº¡C</para>
-
- <para>¤£¹L©O¡A¦pªG§AªººÏºÐªÅ¶¡«Ü¤p¡A©ÎªÌ§A´N¬O¤£·Q¥Î°»¿ù¼Ò¦¡ªº
- kernel ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð½T»{¥H¤U¨Æ±¡¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>kernel ³]©wÀɸ̭±¨S¦³³o¤@¦æ¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>makeoptions DEBUGS=-g </programlisting>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>°õ¦æ &man.config.8; ®É¨S¦³¥[¤W <option>-g</option>
- ³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>¥H¤W¨â¥ó¨Æ±¡³£·|Åý§A½s¥X¤@­Ó°»¿ù¼Ò¦¡ªº kernel¡C¦ý¥u­nÁ×§K¤§¡A
- ´N¥i¥H½s¥X¤@­Ó¥¿±`ªº kernel¡A¦Ó§A¤]·|ª`·N¨ì¡Akernel ©úÅ㪺Åܤp¤F¡F
- ¤j³¡¥÷ªº kernel ³£®t¤£¦h¦b 1.5MB ¨ì 2MB ¤§¶¡¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="multiport-serial-interrupts">
- <para>¬°¦ó¥X²{¤F multi-port serial code ªº¤¤Â_½Ä¬ð¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>·í§Ú½sͤ@­Ó multi-port serial code ªº®Ö¤ß®É¡A¥¦§i¶D§Ú¥u¦³
- ²Ä¤@­Ó³Q°»´ú¨ì¡A¨ä¥Lªº«h¦]¤¤Â_½Ä¬ð¦Ó¸õ¹L¤F¡A§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò­×¥¿¥¦¡H</para>
-
- <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃD¬O¦]¬° FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤º«Øµ{¦¡½XÁ×§K¦]¬°µwÅé©Î³nÅé½Ä¬ð
- ¾É­P kernel ¹L©óªÎ¤j©ÎµL¥Î¡C­n­×¥¿³oºØ±¡§Îªº¤èªk¬O°£¤F¤@­Ó port
- ¥~§â¨ä¥L©Ò¦³ªº IRQ ³]©w³£°µ«O¯d¡C³o¸Ì¦³¤@­Ó½d¨Ò¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>#
-# Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS
-#
-device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr
-device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
-device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
-device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr</programlisting>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="generic-kernel-build-failure">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤@­Ó kernel ³£½s¤£°_¨Ó¡H¬Æ¦Ü GENERIC ¤]¤£¦æ¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o¦³«Ü¦hºØ¥i¯àªº­ì¦]¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>§A¨S¦³¥Î·sªº <command>make buildkernel</command> »P
- <command>make installkernel</command> ³o¨â­Ó¤èªk¨Ó½s¡A¦Ó¥¿¦n
- §Aªº¨t²Î­ì©l½Xªºª©¥»©M¥¿¦b°õ¦æªº¨t²Î®Ö¤ßª©¥»¤£¤@¼Ë (¹³¬O¡A
- ¦b¶] 4.0-RELEASE ªº¨t²Î¤W¹Á¸ÕµÛ½s 4.3-RELEASE)¡C¦pªG»¡§A­n¤É
- ¯Å¨t²Îªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°È¥²¥h¬Ý¬Ý <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>
- ³o­ÓÀɮסA¯S§Oª`·N³Ì«á­±ªº <quote>COMMON ITEMS</quote>
- ³o­Ó¤p¸`¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>§A¤w¸g¥Î¤W <command>make buildkernel</command> ¥H¤Î
- <command>make installkernel</command> ¤F¡A¦ý¬O¦b
- <command>make buildworld</command> ®É¥¢±Ñ¤F¡C¥i±¤ªº¬O¡A
- <command>make buildkernel</command> ­n¦¨¥\¡A»Ý­n¨Ì¿à
- <command>make buildworld</command> «á³y¥X¨Óªº¤@¨ÇÀɮסC</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>´Nºâ¬O§A¦b½s <link linkend="stable">&os.stable;</link>¡A
- ÁÙ¬O¦³¥i¯à§A§ì¨ì¤F¥¿¦b­×§ï¤¤¡A©ÎµÛ¦]¬°¬Y¨Ç½t¬G¦Ó®Ú¥»ÁÙ¨S§ï¦n
- ªº­ì©l½X¡FÁöµM»¡ <link linkend="stable">&os.stable;</link>
- ¤j³¡¥÷ªº®É­Ô³£¬O¥i¥H½sªº¡A¦ý¥u¦³ RELEASE ¤~¬O«OÃÒ¥i¥H½sªº¡C¸I
- ¨ì³o­Ó°ÝÃD®É¡A¦A¦¸§ó·s­ì©l½X¨Ã¥B¦A¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¡C¤]¦³¥i¯à¬O©ñ­ì©l½Xªº
- ¦øªA¾¹¥X²{¬Y¨Ç°ÝÃD¡A©Ò¥H§ó·s­ì©l½X®É¤]¸Õ¸Õ±q¤£¦P¦øªA¾¹¨Ó§ó·s¬Ý
- ¬Ý¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="disks">
- <title>µwºÐ¡BÀɮרt²Î¡BBoot Loader</title>
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="new-huge-disk">
- <para>§Ú­n«ç»ò§â§Úªº¨t²Î·h¨ì·sµwºÐ¤W­±¥h¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>²z·Qªº¤è¦¡¬O¥ý¦b·sµwºÐ¤W­«¸Ë¦n§@·~¨t²Î¡AµM«á§â¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¬ÛÃöµ{¦¡¡B¸ê®Æ·h¹L¥h´N¦n¡C
- This is highly
- recommended if you have been tracking -STABLE for more
- than one release, or have updated a release instead of
- installing a new one. You can install booteasy on both
- disks with &man.boot0cfg.8;, and dual boot them until
- you are happy with the new configuration. Skip the
- next paragraph to find out how to move the data after
- doing this.</para>
-
- <para>Should you decide not to do a fresh install, you
- need to partition and label the new disk with either
- <filename>sysinstall</filename>(&os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>), or &man.fdisk.8;
- and &man.disklabel.8;. You should also install booteasy
- on both disks with &man.boot0cfg.8;, so that you can
- dual boot to the old or new system after the copying
- is done.</para>
-
- <para>Now you have the new disk set up, and are ready
- to move the data. Unfortunately, you cannot just blindly
- copy the data. Things like device files (in
- <filename>/dev</filename>), flags, and links tend to
- screw that up. You need to use tools that understand
- these things, which means &man.dump.8;.
- Although it is suggested that you move the data in single user
- mode, it is not required.</para>
-
- <para>You should never use anything but &man.dump.8; and
- &man.restore.8; to move the root filesystem. The
- &man.tar.1; command may work - then again, it may not.
- You should also use &man.dump.8; and &man.restore.8;
- if you are moving a single partition to another empty
- partition. The sequence of steps to use dump to move
- a partitions data to a new partition is:</para>
-
- <procedure>
- <step>
- <para>newfs the new partition.</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>mount it on a temporary mount point.</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>cd to that directory.</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>dump the old partition, piping output to the
- new one.</para>
- </step>
- </procedure>
-
- <para>For example, if you are going to move root to
- <devicename>/dev/ad1s1a</devicename>, with
- <filename>/mnt</filename> as the temporary mount point,
- it is:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ad1s1a</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ad1s1a /mnt</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /mnt</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>dump 0af - / | restore xf -</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>Rearranging your partitions with dump takes a bit more
- work. To merge a partition like <filename>/var</filename>
- into its parent, create the new partition large enough
- for both, move the parent partition as described above,
- then move the child partition into the empty directory
- that the first move created:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ad1s1a</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ad1s1a /mnt</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /mnt</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>dump 0af - / | restore xf -</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>cd var</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>dump 0af - /var | restore xf -</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>To split a directory from its parent, say putting
- <filename>/var</filename> on its own partition when it was not
- before, create both partitions, then mount the child partition
- on the appropriate directory in the temporary mount point, then
- move the old single partition:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ad1s1a</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ad1s1d</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ad1s1a /mnt</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /mnt/var</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ad1s1d /mnt/var</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /mnt</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>dump 0af - / | restore xf -</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>You might prefer &man.cpio.1;, &man.pax.1;,
- &man.tar.1; to &man.dump.8; for user data. At the time of
- this writing, these are known to lose file flag information,
- so use them with caution.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="dangerously-dedicated">
- <para>Will a <quote>dangerously dedicated</quote> disk endanger
- my health?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
-
- <para><anchor id="dedicate"/>The installation procedure allows
- you to chose two different methods in partitioning your
- hard disk(s). The default way makes it compatible with other
- operating systems on the same machine, by using fdisk table
- entries (called <quote>slices</quote> in FreeBSD), with a
- FreeBSD slice that employs partitions of its own. Optionally,
- one can chose to install a boot-selector to switch between the
- possible operating systems on the disk(s). The alternative uses
- the entire disk for FreeBSD, and makes no attempt to be
- compatible with other operating systems.</para>
-
- <para>So why it is called <quote>dangerous</quote>? A disk
- in this mode does not contain what normal PC utilities
- would consider a valid fdisk table. Depending on how well
- they have been designed, they might complain at you once
- they are getting in contact with such a disk, or even
- worse, they might damage the BSD bootstrap without even
- asking or notifying you. In addition, the
- <quote>dangerously dedicated</quote> disk's layout is
- known to confuse many BIOSes, including those from AWARD
- (e.g. as found in HP Netserver and Micronics systems as
- well as many others) and Symbios/NCR (for the popular
- 53C8xx range of SCSI controllers). This is not a complete
- list, there are more. Symptoms of this confusion include
- the <errorname>read error</errorname> message printed by
- the FreeBSD bootstrap when it cannot find itself, as well
- as system lockups when booting.</para>
-
- <para>Why have this mode at all then? It only saves a few kbytes
- of disk space, and it can cause real problems for a new
- installation. <quote>Dangerously dedicated</quote> mode's
- origins lie in a desire to avoid one of the most common
- problems plaguing new FreeBSD installers - matching the BIOS
- <quote>geometry</quote> numbers for a disk to the disk
- itself.</para>
-
- <para><quote>Geometry</quote> is an outdated concept, but one
- still at the heart of the PC's BIOS and its interaction with
- disks. When the FreeBSD installer creates slices, it has to
- record the location of these slices on the disk in a fashion
- that corresponds with the way the BIOS expects to find them. If
- it gets it wrong, you will not be able to boot.</para>
-
- <para><quote>Dangerously dedicated</quote> mode tries to work
- around this by making the problem simpler. In some cases, it
- gets it right. But it is meant to be used as a last-ditch
- alternative - there are better ways to solve the problem 99
- times out of 100.</para>
-
- <para>So, how do you avoid the need for <quote>DD</quote> mode
- when you are installing? Start by making a note of the geometry
- that your BIOS claims to be using for your disks. You can
- arrange to have the kernel print this as it boots by specifying
- <option>-v</option> at the <literal>boot:</literal> prompt, or
- using <command>boot -v</command> in the loader. Just before the
- installer starts, the kernel will print a list of BIOS
- geometries. Do not panic - wait for the installer to start and
- then use scrollback to read the numbers. Typically the BIOS
- disk units will be in the same order that FreeBSD lists your
- disks, first IDE, then SCSI.</para>
-
- <para>When you are slicing up your disk, check that the disk
- geometry displayed in the FDISK screen is correct (ie. it
- matches the BIOS numbers); if it is wrong, use the
- <keycap>g</keycap> key to fix it. You may have to do this if
- there is absolutely nothing on the disk, or if the disk has been
- moved from another system. Note that this is only an issue with
- the disk that you are going to boot from; FreeBSD will sort
- itself out just fine with any other disks you may have.</para>
-
- <para>Once you have got the BIOS and FreeBSD agreeing about the
- geometry of the disk, your problems are almost guaranteed to be
- over, and with no need for <quote>DD</quote> mode at all. If,
- however, you are still greeted with the dreaded <errorname>read
- error</errorname> message when you try to boot, it is time to cross
- your fingers and go for it - there is nothing left to
- lose.</para>
-
- <para>To return a <quote>dangerously dedicated</quote> disk
- for normal PC use, there are basically two options. The first
- is, you write enough NULL bytes over the MBR to make any
- subsequent installation believe this to be a blank disk. You
- can do this for example with</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda0 count=15</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>Alternatively, the undocumented DOS
- <quote>feature</quote></para>
-
- <screen><prompt>C:\&gt;</prompt> <userinput>fdisk /mbr</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>will to install a new master boot record as well, thus
- clobbering the BSD bootstrap.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="safe-softupdates">
- <para>Which partitions can safely use Soft Updates? I have
- heard that Soft Updates on <filename>/</filename> can cause
- problems.</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Short answer: you can usually use Soft Updates safely
- on all partitions.</para>
-
- <para>Long answer: There used to be some concern over using
- Soft Updates on the root partition. Soft Updates has two
- characteristics that caused this. First, a Soft Updates
- partition has a small chance of losing data during a
- system crash. (The partition will not be corrupted; the
- data will simply be lost.) Also, Soft Updates can cause
- temporary space shortages.</para>
-
- <para>When using Soft Updates, the kernel can take up to
- thirty seconds to actually write changes to the physical
- disk. If you delete a large file, the file still resides
- on disk until the kernel actually performs the deletion.
- This can cause a very simple race condition. Suppose you
- delete one large file and immediately create another large
- file. The first large file is not yet actually removed
- from the physical disk, so the disk might not have enough
- room for the second large file. You get an error that the
- partition does not have enough space, although you know
- perfectly well that you just released a large chunk of
- space! When you try again mere seconds later, the file
- creation works as you expect. This has left more than one
- user scratching his head and doubting his sanity, the
- FreeBSD filesystem, or both.</para>
-
- <para>If a system should crash after the kernel accepts a
- chunk of data for writing to disk, but before that data is
- actually written out, data could be lost or corrupted.
- This risk is extremely small, but generally manageable.
- Use of IDE write caching greatly increases this risk; it
- is strongly recommended that you disable IDE write caching
- when using Soft Updates.</para>
-
- <para>These issues affect all partitions using Soft Updates.
- So, what does this mean for the root partition?</para>
-
- <para>Vital information on the root partition changes very
- rarely. Files such as <filename>/kernel</filename> and
- the contents of <filename>/etc</filename> only change
- during system maintenance, or when users change their
- passwords. If the system crashed during the
- thirty-second window after such a change is made, it is
- possible that data could be lost. This risk is negligible
- for most applications, but you should be aware that it
- exists. If your system cannot tolerate this much risk,
- do not use Soft Updates on the root filesystem!</para>
-
- <para><filename>/</filename> is traditionally one of the
- smallest partitions. By default, FreeBSD puts the
- <filename>/tmp</filename> directory on
- <filename>/</filename>. If you have a busy
- <filename>/tmp</filename>, you might see intermittent
- space problems. Symlinking <filename>/tmp</filename> to
- <filename>/var/tmp</filename> will solve this
- problem.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="inappropriate-ccd">
- <para>What is inappropriate about my ccd?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>The symptom of this is:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ccdconfig -C</userinput>
-ccdconfig: ioctl (CCDIOCSET): /dev/ccd0c: Inappropriate file type or format</screen>
-
- <para>This usually happens when you are trying to concatenate
- the <literal>c</literal> partitions, which default to type
- <literal>unused</literal>. The ccd driver requires the
- underlying partition type to be FS_BSDFFS. Edit the disklabel
- of the disks you are trying to concatenate and change the types
- of partitions to <literal>4.2BSD</literal>.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ccd-disklabel">
- <para>Why can I not edit the disklabel on my ccd?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>The symptom of this is:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel ccd0</userinput>
-(it prints something sensible here, so let us try to edit it)
-&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -e ccd0</userinput>
-(edit, save, quit)
-disklabel: ioctl DIOCWDINFO: No disk label on disk;
-use "disklabel -r" to install initial label</screen>
-
- <para>This is because the disklabel returned by ccd is actually
- a <quote>fake</quote> one that is not really on the disk.
- You can solve this problem by writing it back explicitly,
- as in:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel ccd0 &gt; /tmp/disklabel.tmp</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -Rr ccd0 /tmp/disklabel.tmp</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -e ccd0</userinput>
-(this will work now)</screen>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="mount-foreign-fs">
- <para>Can I mount other foreign filesystems under FreeBSD?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD supports a variety of other
- filesystems.</para>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term>Digital UNIX</term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>UFS CDROMs can be mounted directly on FreeBSD.
- Mounting disk partitions from Digital UNIX and other
- systems that support UFS may be more complex, depending
- on the details of the disk partitioning for the operating
- system in question.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>&linux;</term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>FreeBSD supports <literal>ext2fs</literal>
- partitions. See &man.mount.ext2fs.8; for more
- information.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>&windowsnt;</term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>FreeBSD includes a read-only NTFS driver. For
- more information, see &man.mount.ntfs.8;.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>FAT</term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>FreeBSD includes a read-write FAT driver. For
- more information, see &man.mount.msdosfs.8;.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
-
- <para>FreeBSD also supports network filesystems such as NFS
- (see &man.mount.nfs.8;), NetWare (see &man.mount.nwfs.8;),
- and Microsoft-style SMB filesystems (see
- &man.mount.smbfs.8;).</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="mount-dos">
- <para>How do I mount a secondary DOS partition?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
-
- <para>The secondary DOS partitions are found after ALL the
- primary partitions. For example, if you have an
- <quote>E</quote> partition as the second DOS partition on
- the second SCSI drive, you need to create the special files
- for <quote>slice 5</quote> in <filename>/dev</filename>,
- then mount <devicename>/dev/da1s5</devicename>:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV da1s5</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t msdos /dev/da1s5 /dos/e</userinput></screen>
-
- <note>
- <para>You can omit this step if you are running FreeBSD
- 5.0-RELEASE or newer with &man.devfs.5;
- enabled.</para>
- </note>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="crypto-filesystem">
- <para>&os; ¦³ÀÉ®×¥[±K¨t²Î¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
-
- <para>¦³°Ú¡I FreeBSD 5.0 °_¤º«Ø &man.gbde.8;¡A¦Ó FreeBSD 6.0
- ¤S¥[¤W &man.geli.8;¡C ¦Ó¸û¦­´Áªºª©¥»¡A½Ð¦h§Q¥Î <filename
- role="package">security/cfs</filename> port¡AÁÂÁ¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="nt-bootloader">
- <para>How can I use the &windowsnt; loader to boot FreeBSD?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>The general idea is that you copy the first sector of your
- native root FreeBSD partition into a file in the DOS/&windowsnt;
- partition. Assuming you name that file something like
- <filename>c:\bootsect.bsd</filename> (inspired by
- <filename>c:\bootsect.dos</filename>), you can then edit the
- <filename>c:\boot.ini</filename> file to come up with something
- like this:</para>
-
- <programlisting>[boot loader]
-timeout=30
-default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS
-[operating systems]
-multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Windows NT"
-C:\BOOTSECT.BSD="FreeBSD"
-C:\="DOS"</programlisting>
-
- <para>If FreeBSD is installed on the same disk as the &windowsnt; boot
- partition simply copy <filename>/boot/boot1</filename> to
- <filename>C:\BOOTSECT.BSD</filename>. However, if FreeBSD is
- installed on a different disk <filename>/boot/boot1</filename>
- will not work, <filename>/boot/boot0</filename> is needed.</para>
-
- <para><filename>/boot/boot0</filename> needs to be installed
- using sysinstall(&os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>) by selecting the FreeBSD boot manager on
- the screen which asks if you wish to use a boot
- manager. This is because <filename>/boot/boot0</filename>
- has the partition table area filled with NULL characters
- but sysinstall copies the partition table before copying
- <filename>/boot/boot0</filename> to the MBR.</para>
-
- <warning>
- <para><emphasis>Do not simply copy <filename>/boot/boot0</filename>
- instead of <filename>/boot/boot1</filename>; you will
- overwrite your partition table and render your computer
- un-bootable!</emphasis></para>
- </warning>
-
- <para>When the FreeBSD boot manager runs it records the last
- OS booted by setting the active flag on the partition table
- entry for that OS and then writes the whole 512-bytes of itself
- back to the MBR so if you just copy
- <filename>/boot/boot0</filename> to
- <filename>C:\BOOTSECT.BSD</filename> then it writes an empty
- partition table, with the active flag set on one entry, to the
- MBR.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="lilo-bootloader">
- <para>How do I boot FreeBSD and &linux; from LILO?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>If you have FreeBSD and &linux; on the same disk, just follow
- LILO's installation instructions for booting a non-&linux;
- operating system. Very briefly, these are:</para>
-
- <para>Boot &linux;, and add the following lines to
- <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename>:</para>
-
- <programlisting>other=/dev/hda2
- table=/dev/hda
- label=FreeBSD</programlisting>
-
- <para>(the above assumes that your FreeBSD slice is known to
- &linux; as <devicename>/dev/hda2</devicename>; tailor to
- suit your setup). Then, run <command>lilo</command> as
- <username>root</username> and you should be done.</para>
-
- <para>If FreeBSD resides on another disk, you need to add
- <literal>loader=/boot/chain.b</literal> to the LILO entry.
- For example:</para>
-
- <programlisting>other=/dev/dab4
- table=/dev/dab
- loader=/boot/chain.b
- label=FreeBSD</programlisting>
-
- <para>In some cases you may need to specify the BIOS drive number
- to the FreeBSD boot loader to successfully boot off the second
- disk. For example, if your FreeBSD SCSI disk is probed by BIOS
- as BIOS disk 1, at the FreeBSD boot loader prompt you need to
- specify:</para>
-
- <screen>Boot: <userinput>1:da(0,a)/kernel</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>You can configure
- &man.boot.8;
- to automatically do this for you at boot time.</para>
-
- <para>The <ulink
- url="http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Linux+FreeBSD.html">
- &linux;+FreeBSD mini-HOWTO</ulink> is a good reference for
- FreeBSD and &linux; interoperability issues.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="booteasy-loader">
- <para>How do I boot FreeBSD and &linux; using BootEasy?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Install LILO at the start of your &linux; boot partition
- instead of in the Master Boot Record. You can then boot LILO
- from BootEasy.</para>
-
- <para>If you are running &windows; 95 and &linux; this is recommended
- anyway, to make it simpler to get &linux; booting again if you
- should need to reinstall &windows; 95 (which is a Jealous
- Operating System, and will bear no other Operating Systems in
- the Master Boot Record).</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="changing-bootprompt">
- <para>How do I change the boot prompt from <literal>???</literal> to
- something more meaningful?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>You can not do that with the standard boot manager without
- rewriting it. There are a number of other boot managers
- in the <filename>sysutils</filename> ports category that
- provide this functionality.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="removable-drives">
- <para>I have a new removable drive, how do I use it?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
-
- <para>Whether it is a removable drive like a &iomegazip; or an EZ drive
- (or even a floppy, if you want to use it that way), or a new
- hard disk, once it is installed and recognized by the system,
- and you have your cartridge/floppy/whatever slotted in, things
- are pretty much the same for all devices.</para>
-
- <para>(this section is based on <ulink
- url="http://www.vmunix.com/mark/FreeBSD/ZIP-FAQ.html">
- Mark Mayo's ZIP FAQ</ulink>)</para>
-
- <para>If it is a ZIP drive or a floppy, you have already got a DOS
- filesystem on it, you can use a command like this:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t msdos /dev/fd0c /floppy</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>if it is a floppy, or this:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t msdos /dev/da2s4 /zip</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>for a ZIP disk with the factory configuration.</para>
-
- <para>For other disks, see how they are laid out using
- &man.fdisk.8; or
- &man.sysinstall.8;.</para>
-
- <para>The rest of the examples will be for a ZIP drive on da2,
- the third SCSI disk.</para>
-
- <para>Unless it is a floppy, or a removable you plan on sharing
- with other people, it is probably a better idea to stick a BSD
- filesystem on it. You will get long filename support, at least a
- 2X improvement in performance, and a lot more stability. First,
- you need to redo the DOS-level partitions/filesystems. You can
- either use &man.fdisk.8; or
- <filename>sysinstall</filename>(&os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>), or for a small drive
- that you do not want to bother with multiple operating system
- support on, just blow away the whole FAT partition table
- (slices) and just use the BSD partitioning:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda2 count=2</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -Brw da2 auto</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>You can use disklabel or
- <filename>sysinstall</filename> to create multiple BSD
- partitions. You will certainly want to do this if you are adding
- swap space on a fixed disk, but it is probably irrelevant on a
- removable drive like a ZIP.</para>
-
- <para>Finally, create a new filesystem, this one is on our ZIP
- drive using the whole disk:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/rda2c</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>and mount it:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/da2c /zip</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>and it is probably a good idea to add a line like this
- to <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> (see &man.fstab.5;) so
- you can just type <command>mount /zip</command> in the
- future:</para>
-
- <programlisting>/dev/da2c /zip ffs rw,noauto 0 0</programlisting>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="mount-cd-superblock">
- <para>Why do I get <errorname>Incorrect super block</errorname> when
- mounting a CDROM?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>You have to tell &man.mount.8; the type of the device
- that you want to mount. This is described in the <ulink
- url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html"> Handbook section on
- optical media</ulink>, specifically the section <ulink
- url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#MOUNTING-CD">Using Data
- CDs</ulink>.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="cdrom-not-configured">
- <para>Why do I get <errorname>Device not
- configured</errorname> when mounting a CDROM?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>This generally means that there is no CDROM in the
- CDROM drive, or the drive is not visible on the
- bus. Please see the <ulink
- url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#MOUNTING-CD">Using Data
- CDs</ulink> section of the Handbook for a detailed
- discussion of this issue.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="cdrom-unicode-filenames">
- <para>Why do all non-English characters in filenames show up as
- <quote>?</quote> on my CDs when mounted in FreeBSD?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Your CDROM probably uses the <quote>Joliet</quote>
- extension for storing information about files and
- directories. This is discussed in the Handbook chapter on
- <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html">creating and
- using CDROMs</ulink>, specifically the section on <ulink
- url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#MOUNTING-CD">Using Data
- CDROMs</ulink>.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="burncd-isofs">
- <para>I burned a CD under FreeBSD and now I can not read it
- under any other operating system. Why?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>You most likely burned a raw file to your CD, rather
- than creating an ISO 9660 filesystem. Take a look at the
- <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html">Handbook
- chapter on creating CDROMs</ulink>, particularly the
- section on <ulink
- url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#RAWDATA-CD">burning raw
- data CDs</ulink>.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="copy-cd">
- <para>How can I create an image of a data CD?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>This is discussed in the Handbook section on <ulink
- url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#IMAGING-CD">duplicating
- data CDs</ulink>. For more on working with CDROMs, see the
- <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html">Creating CDs
- Section</ulink> in the Storage chapter in the
- Handbook.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="mount-audio-CD">
- <para>Why can I not <command>mount</command> an audio
- CD?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>If you try to mount an audio CD, you will get an error
- like <errorname>cd9660: /dev/acd0c: Invalid
- argument</errorname>. This is because
- <command>mount</command> only works on filesystems. Audio
- CDs do not have filesystems; they just have data. You
- need a program that reads audio CDs, such as the
- <filename role="package">audio/xmcd</filename> port.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="multi-session-CD">
- <para>How do I <command>mount</command> a multi-session CD?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>By default, &man.mount.8; will attempt to mount the
- last data track (session) of a CD. If you would like to
- load an earlier session, you must use the
- <option>-s</option> command line argument. Please see
- &man.mount.cd9660.8; for specific examples.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="user-floppymount">
- <para>How do I let ordinary users mount floppies, CDROMs and
- other removable media?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Ordinary users can be permitted to mount devices. Here is
- how:</para>
-
- <procedure>
- <step>
- <para>As <username>root</username> set the sysctl variable
- <varname>vfs.usermount</varname> to
- <literal>1</literal>.</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl -w vfs.usermount=1</userinput></screen>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>As <username>root</username> assign the appropriate
- permissions to the block device associated with the
- removable media.</para>
-
- <para>For example, to allow users to mount the first floppy
- drive, use:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 666 /dev/fd0</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>To allow users in the group
- <groupname>operator</groupname> to mount the CDROM drive,
- use:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chgrp operator /dev/acd0c</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 640 /dev/acd0c</userinput></screen>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>If you are running &os; 5.X or later, you will need to alter
- <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename> to make these changes
- permanent across reboots.</para>
-
- <para>As <username>root</username>, add the necessary lines to
- <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename>. For example, to allow
- users to mount the first floppy drive add:</para>
-
- <programlisting># Allow all users to mount the floppy disk.
-own /dev/fd0 root:operator
-perm /dev/fd0 0666</programlisting>
-
- <para>To allow users in the group <groupname>operator</groupname>
- to mount the CD-ROM drive add:</para>
-
- <programlisting># Allow members of the group operator to mount CD-ROMs.
-own /dev/acd0 root:operator
-perm /dev/acd0 0660</programlisting>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>Finally, add the line
- <literal><varname>vfs.usermount</varname>=1</literal>
- to the file <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> so
- that it is reset at system boot time.</para>
- </step>
- </procedure>
-
- <para>All users can now mount the floppy
- <devicename>/dev/fd0</devicename> onto a directory that they
- own:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mkdir ~/my-mount-point</userinput>
-&prompt.user; <userinput>mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 ~/my-mount-point</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>Users in group <groupname>operator</groupname> can now
- mount the CDROM <devicename>/dev/acd0c</devicename> onto a
- directory that they own:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mkdir ~/my-mount-point</userinput>
-&prompt.user; <userinput>mount -t cd9660 /dev/acd0c ~/my-mount-point</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>Unmounting the device is simple:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>umount ~/my-mount-point</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>Enabling <varname>vfs.usermount</varname>, however,
- has negative security implications. A better way to
- access &ms-dos; formatted media is to use the
- <filename role="package">emulators/mtools</filename>
- package in the ports collection.</para>
-
- <note>
- <para>The device name used in the previous examples must be
- changed according to your configuration.</para>
- </note>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="du-vs-df">
- <para>The <command>du</command> and <command>df</command>
- commands show different amounts of disk space available.
- What is going on?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>You need to understand what <command>du</command> and
- <command>df</command> really do. <command>du</command>
- goes through the directory tree, measures how large each
- file is, and presents the totals. <command>df</command>
- just asks the filesystem how much space it has left. They
- seem to be the same thing, but a file without a directory
- entry will affect <command>df</command> but not
- <command>du</command>.</para>
-
- <para>When a program is using a file, and you delete the
- file, the file is not really removed from the filesystem
- until the program stops using it. The file is immediately
- deleted from the directory listing, however. You can see
- this easily enough with a program such as
- <command>more</command>. Assume you have a file large
- enough that its presence affects the output of
- <command>du</command> and <command>df</command>. (Since
- disks can be so large today, this might be a
- <emphasis>very</emphasis> large file!) If you delete this
- file while using <command>more</command> on it,
- <command>more</command> does not immediately choke and
- complain that it cannot view the file. The entry is
- simply removed from the directory so no other program or
- user can access it. <command>du</command> shows that it
- is gone &mdash; it has walked the directory tree and the file
- is not listed. <command>df</command> shows that it is
- still there, as the filesystem knows that
- <command>more</command> is still using that space. Once
- you end the <command>more</command> session,
- <command>du</command> and <command>df</command> will
- agree.</para>
-
- <para>Note that Soft Updates can delay the freeing of disk
- space; you might need to wait up to 30 seconds for the
- change to be visible!</para>
-
- <para>This situation is common on web servers. Many people
- set up a FreeBSD web server and forget to rotate the log
- files. The access log fills up <filename>/var</filename>.
- The new administrator deletes the file, but the system
- still complains that the partition is full. Stopping and
- restarting the web server program would free the file,
- allowing the system to release the disk space. To prevent
- this from happening, set up &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="add-swap-space">
- <para>How can I add more swap space?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>In the <ulink
- url="&url.books.handbook;/config-tuning.html">Configuration and
- Tuning</ulink> section of the Handbook, you will find a
- <ulink
- url="&url.books.handbook;/adding-swap-space.html">section</ulink>
- describing how to do this.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="manufacturer-disk-size">
- <para>Why does &os; see my disk as smaller than the
- manufacturer says it is?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Disk manufacturers calculate gigabytes as a billion bytes
- each, whereas &os; calculates them as 1,073,741,824 bytes
- each. This explains why, for example, &os;'s boot messages
- will report a disk that supposedly has 80GB as holding
- 76319MB.</para>
- <para>Also note that &os; will (by default)
- <link linkend="disk-more-than-full">reserve</link> 8% of the disk
- space.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="disk-more-than-full">
- <para>How is it possible for a partition to be more than 100%
- full?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>A portion of each UFS partition (8%, by default) is
- reserved for use by the operating system and the
- <username>root</username> user.
- &man.df.1; does not count that space when
- calculating the <literal>Capacity</literal> column, so it can
- exceed 100%. Also, you will notice that the
- <literal>Blocks</literal> column is always greater than the
- sum of the <literal>Used</literal> and
- <literal>Avail</literal> columns, usually by a factor of
- 8%.</para>
-
- <para>For more details, look up the <option>-m</option> option
- in &man.tunefs.8;.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
- </chapter>
-
-
- <chapter id="admin">
- <chapterinfo>
- <author>
- <firstname>Wei-Hon</firstname>
- <surname>Chen</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address><email>plasmaball@pchome.com.tw</email></address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </chapterinfo>
-
- <title>¨t²ÎºÞ²z</title>
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="startup-config-files">
- <para>¨t²Î°_©l³]©wÀɦb­þ¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
-
- <para>±q 2.0.5R ¨ì 2.2.1R¡A¥D­nªº³]©wÀɬO
- <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename>¡C©Ò¦³ªº¿ï¶µ³£³Q«ü©w¦b³o­ÓÀÉ¡A
- ¦Ó¨ä¥L¹³ <filename>/etc/rc</filename> (°Ñ¨£ &man.rc.8;)
- ©M <filename>/etc/netstart</filename> ¥u¬O¤Þ¥Î¥¦¡C</para>
-
- <para>Æ[¹î <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename> ³o­ÓÀɨíץ¿¨ä­È¥H
- ¾A¦X§Aªº¨t²Î¡C³o­ÓÀɥεù¸Ñ¶ñº¡¥Hªí¥Ü¦ó³B¸Ó©ñ¸m¤°»ò³]©w¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦b post-2.2.1 ¥H«á¤Î 3.0¡A<filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename>
- ¥ç§ó¦W¬°¤@­Ó§ó®e©ö´y­zªºÀɦW¥s &man.rc.conf.5; ¡A¨Ã¥B»yªk²¤Æ¤F¨Ç¡C
- <filename>/etc/netstart</filename> ¥ç§ó¦W¬°
- <filename>/etc/rc.network</filename> ¦]¦¹©Ò¦³ªºÀɮ׳£¥i¥H¥Î
- <command>cp /usr/src/etc/rc* /etc</command> ¨Ó«þ¨©¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦b 3.1 ¥H¤Î¡A<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ³Q²¾¨ì
- <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename>¡C
- <emphasis>¤d¸U¤£­n½s¿è³o­ÓÀÉ¡I</emphasis> ¦pªG
- <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> ¤º¦³·Q­n§ó°Êªº¶µ¥Ø¡A
- §AÀ³¸Ó±N¨º¤@¦æªº¤º®e«þ¨©¨ì <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>¡A
- µM«á¦A­×§ï¥¦¡C</para>
-
- <para>¨Ò¦p FreeBSD 3.1 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¤º¡A¦³¤@­Ó DNS ¦øªA¾¹ named¡A
- ¦Ó§A·Q­n±Ò°Ê¥¦¡C§A©Ò»Ý­n§@ªº¨Æ´N¬O¡G</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo named_enable="YES" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>·Q­n¦b FreeBSD 3.1 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¤¤¡A±Ò°Ê¥»¦aºÝªA°Èªº¸Ü¡A±N
- shell script ¸m©ó <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename> ¥Ø¿ý
- ¤U¡C³o¨Ç shell script À³¸Ó³]©w¦¨¥i°õ¦æ¡A¨Ã¥BÀɦW¥H .sh µ²§ô¡C
- ¦b FreeBSD 3.0 ¤Î§ó¦­ªºª©¥»¤¤¡A§AÀ³¸Óª½±µ½s¿è
- <filename>/etc/rc.local</filename> ÀÉ¡C</para>
-
- <para><filename>/etc/rc.serial</filename>¥Î¨Óªì©l¤Æ§Ç¦C°ð
- ¡]¹³¬OÂê©w°ðªº¯S©Êµ¥¡^¡C</para>
-
- <para><filename>/etc/rc.i386</filename> ¬O Intel ±M¥Î³]©w¡A
- ¹³¬O iBCS2 ¼ÒÀÀ©Î¬O PC ¨t²Î¥D±±¥x³]©w¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="adding-users">
- <para>¸Ó¦p¦ó²³æ¦a·s¼W±b¸¹¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¨Ï¥Î &man.adduser.8; «ü¥O¡C¦pªG»Ý­n§ó½ÆÂøªº¨Ï¥Î¤è¦¡¡A
- ½Ð¥Î &man.pw.8; ³o­Ó«ü¥O¡C</para>
-
- <para>­n¦A¦¸²¾°£¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A¨Ï¥Î &man.rmuser.8; «ü¥O¡CÁÙ¦³¡A
- &man.pw.8; ¤]¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="root-not-found-cron-errors">
- <para>¦b§ï§¹ crontab Àɮ׫á¡A¬°¤°»ò¦Ñ¬O¦¬¨ì³o¼Ëªº°T®§¡G
- <errorname>root: not found</errorname>¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³q±`³£¬O¦]¬°½s¿è¤F¨t²Îªº crontab
- (<filename>/etc/crontab</filename>) µM«á´N¥Î &man.crontab.1;
- ¥h¦w¸Ë¥¦¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>crontab /etc/crontab</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>³o¼Ë§@¬O¤£¹ïªº¡C¨t²Îªº crontab ©M &man.crontab.1;
- ©Ò§ó·sªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº crontab ®æ¦¡¨Ã¤£¤@¼Ë (&man.crontab.5;
- »¡©ú¤å¥ó°w¹ï®t²§³B¦³¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú)¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG§A¤w¸g¥Î³oºØ¤èªk¡AÃB¥~¦h¥Xªº crontab ¥u´N¬O
- <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> ªº«þ¨©¡A¥u¬O®æ¦¡¬O¿ù»~ªº¡C
- ¥i¥Î¥H¤Uªº©R¥O§R°£¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>crontab -r</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>¤U¦¸§A½s¿è <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> Àɮתº®É­Ô¡A
- §A¤£¥Î§@¥ô¦ó°Ê§@¥h³qª¾ &man.cron.8; ¡A¥¦¦Û°Ê·|¥h°»´ú¬O§_¦³§ó°Ê¡C
- </para>
-
- <para>¦pªG§A·Q­n¨C¤Ñ¡B¨C¶g¡B©Î¬O¨C¤ë©T©w°õ¦æ¬Y¨Ç°Ê§@¤@¦¸¡A¤]³\¥[­Ó
- shell script ¦b <filename>/usr/local/etc/periodic</filename>
- ¥Ø¿ý¤U·|§ó¦n¡A¨t²Îªº cron ·|©T©w°õ¦æ &man.periodic.8; ©R¥O¡A
- ¥¦¥i±N§Aªºµ{¦¡©M¨ä¥¦ªº¨t²Î¶g´Á©Ê¤u§@¤@°_°õ¦æ¡C</para>
-
- <para>³o­Ó¿ù»~ªº¯u¥¿­ì¦]¡A¬O¦]¬°¨t²Îªº crontab ¦³¤@­ÓÃB¥~ªºÄæ¦ì¡A
- »¡©ú¸Ó©R¥O­n¥H¤°»ò¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¨­¥÷°õ¦æ¡C¦b FreeBSD ªº¹w³]¨t²Î crontab
- ¤¤¡A©Ò¦³ªº¶µ¥Ø³£¬O <username>root</username>¡C ·í³o­Ó crontab
- ³Q·í§@¬O <username>root</username> ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ crontab (¥¦©M¨t²Îªº
- crontab ¬O <emphasis>¤£</emphasis> ¤@¼Ëªº)¡A&man.cron.8; ·|¥H¬°
- <literal>root</literal> ¦r¦ê¬O±ý°õ¦æªº©R¥Oªº²Ä¤@­Ó¦r¡A¦ý¬O¹ê»Ú¤W
- ¨Ã¨S¦³³o¼Ëªº©R¥O¦s¦b¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="su-wheel-group">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú·Q­n¥Î su ¦¨¬° <username>root</username> ®É¡A·|±o¨ì
- <errorname>you are not in the correct group to su root</errorname>
- ªº¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o¬O¤@­Ó¦w¥þ¯S©Ê¡C·Q­n§Q¥Î su ¦¨¬° <username>root</username>
- (©Î¨ä¥¦¦³ superuser Åv­­ªº±b¸¹)¡A§A¤@©w­n¦b
- <groupname>wheel</groupname> ¸s²Õ¤º¡C¦pªG¨S¦³³o­Ó¯S©Êªº¸Ü¡A
- ¥ô¦ó¤H¥u­n¦b¨t²Î¸Ì¦³±b¸¹¡A¨Ã¥B«ê¥©ª¾¹D <username>root</username>
- ªº±K½X¡A´N¥i¥H¨ú±o superuser µ¥¯ÅªºÅv­­¥H¦s¨ú¨t²Î¡C¦³¤F³o­Ó¯S©Ê¡A
- ³o¼Ëªº±¡ªp´N¤£·|µo¥Í¡F¦pªG¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤£¦b <groupname>wheel</groupname>
- ¸s²Õ¤ºªº¸Ü¡A&man.su.1; ·|Åý¥L­Ì³s¸ÕµÛÁä¤J±K½Xªº¾÷·|³£¨S¦³¡C</para>
-
- <para>­nÅý¬Y¤H¥i¥H§Q¥Î su ¦¨¬° <username>root</username> ªº¸Ü¡A
- ¥u­n§â¥L­Ì©ñ¤J <groupname>wheel</groupname> ¸s²Õ¤º§Y¥i¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="rcconf-readonly">
- <para>§Ú¦b <filename>rc.conf</filename> ÁÙ¬O¬Y­Ó°_°ÊÀɮ׸̥ǤF¿ù»~¡A
- ¦]¬°Àɮרt²ÎÅܦ¨°ßŪªº¡A§ÚµLªk¥h½s¿è¥¦¡C§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>·í¹q¸£°Ý§A shell §¹¾ã¸ô®|¦W®É¡A¥u­n«ö <literal>ENTER
- </literal>¡AµM«á°õ¦æ <command>mount /</command> ¥HŪ¼g¼Ò¦¡
- ­«·s±¾¸ü®ÚÀɮרt²Î¡C§A¤]³\»Ý­n°õ¦æ <command>mount -a -t ufs
- </command>¡A±N§AºD¥Îªº¤å¦r½s¿è¾¹©Ò¦bªºÀɮרt²Î±¾¸ü¤W¨Ó¡C¦pªG
- §AºD¥Îªº¤å¦r½s¿è¾¹¦bºô¸ôÀɮרt²Î¤Wªº¸Ü¡A§A¥²¶·¥ý¤â°Ê±Nºô¸ô³]©w
- °_¨Ó¡A¥H«K±Nºô¸ôÀɮרt²Î±¾¸ü¤W¨Ó¡A©Î¬O¨Ï¥Î¥»¦aºÝÀɮרt²Î¤Wªº
- ½s¿è¾¹¡A¨Ò¦p &man.ed.1;¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG§A·Q­n¨Ï¥Î¹³ &man.vi.1; ©Î¬O &man.emacs.1; µ¥ªº¥þ¿Ã¹õ
- ¤å¦r½s¿è¾¹ªº¸Ü¡A§A¤]»Ý­n°õ¦æ
- <command>export TERM=cons25 </command>¡A¥H«KÅý³o¨Ç½s¿è¾¹¯à°÷±q
- &man.termcap.5; ¸ê®Æ®w¸ÌŪ¨ú¥¿½Tªº¸ê®Æ¡C</para>
-
- <para>·í§A¤w¸g§¹¦¨¤F³o¨Ç¨BÆJ«á¡A§A¥i¥H·Ó§A¥­±`­×§ï¤åªk¿ù»~ªº¤è¦¡
- ¥h½s¿è <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÀɮסC¦b®Ö¤ß (kernel)
- ±Ò°Ê®É©ÒÅã¥Üªº¿ù»~°T®§¡A¯à°÷§i¶D§AÀɮפ¤­þ¤@¦æ¦³¿ù»~¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="printer-setup">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¨S¿ìªk³]©w§Úªº¦Lªí¾÷¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤@¤U Handbook ¤¤¡A¦³Ãö¦C¦Lªº³¡¥÷¡C¥¦À³¸Ó¯à°÷¸Ñ¨M
- §A¤j³¡¥÷ªº°ÝÃD¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ulink url="../handbook/printing.html">
- Handbook ¤¤ªº¦C¦L³¡¥÷</ulink>¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦³¨Ç¦Lªí¾÷»Ý­n¥D¾÷¤ä´©ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡ (host-based driver) ¤~¯à
- °õ¦æ¥ô¦ó¦C¦L¥\¯à¡CFreeBSD ¥»¨­¨Ã¤£¤ä´©³o¨Ç©Ò¿×ªº
- <quote>WinPrinters</quote>¡C ¦pªG§Aªº¦Lªí¾÷µLªk¦b DOS ©Î
- Windows NT 4.0 ¤U°õ¦æ¡A¨º¥¦¤j·§´N¬O¤@¥x WinPrinter¡C§A°ß¤@¯à¨Ï¥Î
- ³o¼Ëªº¦Lªí¾÷ªº§Æ±æ¡A´N¬O¸Õ¸Õ <filename role="package">
- print/pnm2ppa</filename> ¤ä¤£¤ä´©¥¦¤F¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="keyboard-mappings">
- <para>§Ú­n«ç»ò¼Ë­×¥¿§Úªº¨t²Î©Ò¨Ï¥ÎªºÁä½L¹ï¬M (keyboard mapping)¡H
- </para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Handbook ¤¤ªº <ulink
- url="../handbook/using-localization.html">using localization
- </ulink> ³¹¸`¡A¤×¨ä¬O <ulink
- url="../handbook/using-localization.html#SETTING-CONSOLE">console
- setup</ulink> ³¹¸`¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="pnp-resources">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b¨t²Î±Ò°Ê®É¡A±o¨ì <errorname>unknown: &lt;PNP0303&gt;
- can't assign resources</errorname> ªº°T®§¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥H¤U¬O±q &os.current; ³q«H½×¾Âªº¤@½g¤å³¹¤¤¸`¿ý¥X¨Óªº¡C</para>
-
- <blockquote>
- <attribution>&a.wollman;, 2001 ¦~¥|¤ë 24 ¤é</attribution>
-
- <para><quote>µLªk«ü¬£¸ê·½ (can't assign resources)</quote> °T®§ªí¥Ü
- ¨º¨Ç¸Ë¸m¬O¶Ç²Îªº ISA ¸Ë¸m¡A¦Ó®Ö¤ß¤¤¤w¸g½s¤J¤£»{±o PNP ªºÅX°Êµ{
- ¦¡¡C³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m¥]¬AÁä½L±±¨î¾¹¡A¥iµ{¦¡¤Æ§ÃÂ_±±¨î´¹¤ù¡AÁÙ¦³´X­Ó¼Ð·Ç
- ³]³Æ¡C¸ê·½µLªk«ü¬£µ¹³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m¡A¬O¦]¬°¦­¤w¦³ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨Ï¥Î¨º¨Ç¦ì§}
- ¤F¡C</para>
- </blockquote>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="user-quotas">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò user quotas µLªk¥¿±`¹B§@¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
-
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>¥i¯à§A kernel ³]©w¥¼¥[¤J quotas ¤ä´©(¹w³]¬OµL)¡C¦pªG¬O³o¼Ë¤lªº¸Ü¡A
- ¨º»ò½Ð§â¤U­±³o¦æ¥[¨ì kernel ³]©wÀɤº¨Ã­«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë¡G</para>
- <programlisting>options QUOTA</programlisting>
-
- <para>²Ó¸`³¡¤À¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ Handbook ¤ºªº <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/quotas.html">
- quotas</ulink> ³¹¸`¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>½Ð¤£­nª½±µ¦b <filename>/</filename> ¥´¶} quotas </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>§â quotas ÀÉ©ñ¦b¥¦¥²¶·±j­¢¸m¤JªºÀɮרt²Î¤º¡AÁ|¨Ò¡G</para>
-
- <informaltable frame="none">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <thead>
- <row>
- <entry>Àɮרt²Î</entry>
- <entry>Quota ÀÉ</entry>
- </row>
- </thead>
-
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><filename>/usr</filename></entry>
- <entry><filename>/usr/admin/quotas</filename></entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry><filename>/home</filename></entry>
- <entry><filename>/home/admin/quotas</filename></entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry>&hellip;</entry>
- <entry>&hellip;</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="sysv-ipc">
- <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© System V IPC ®æ¦¡«ü¥O¶°¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¬Oªº¡AFreeBSD ¤ä´© System V-style IPC¡C³o¥]¬A¦@¨É°O¾ÐÅé¡A
- °T®§¸ò«H¸¹¡C§A»Ý­n¦b§Aªº kernel ³]©wÀɤº¥[¤J¤U¦C´X¦æ¥H±Ò°Ê¥¦­Ì¡C</para>
-
- <programlisting>options SYSVSHM # enable shared memory
-options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores
-options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging</programlisting>
-
- <note>
- <para>¦b FreeBSD 3.2 ¥H¤Î¤§«áªºª©¥»¡A³o¨Ç¿ï¶µ¤w¸g¬O
- <emphasis>GENERIC</emphasis> ®Ö¤ßªº¤@³¡¥÷¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¥¦­Ì¤w
- ¸g½s¶i¤F§Aªº¨t²Î¤¤¡C</para>
- </note>
-
- <para>­«·s½sĶ¨Ã¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="uucpmail">
- <para>§Ú¸Ó¦p¦óÅý sendmail ³z¹L UUCP ¨Ó»¼°e¶l¥ó¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¸òÀH FreeBSD ®M¸Ë¦Ó¨Óªº sendmail ³]©w¬O¾A¦X¨º¨Çª½±µ³s¤Wºô»Úºô¸ô
- ªº¯¸¥x¡C·Q³z¹L UUCP ¥æ´«¶l¥óªº¯¸¥x¥²¶·¥t¥~¦w¸Ë sendmail ªº³]©wÀɮסC
- </para>
-
- <para>¤â°Ê­×§ï <filename>/etc/sendmail.cf</filename> ¬Oµ´¹ï¥²­nªº¡C
- ²Ä 8 ª©ªº sendmail ´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó¥þ·sªº¤J¤f¥H³z¹L¤@¨Ç¹³ &man.m4.1;
- ªº³B²z´N¯à²£¥Í³]©wÀÉ¡A³o¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O¤@­Ó°ª¼h·§©Àµ¥¯Åªº§Þ¥©©Ê³]©w¡C
- §AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦b <filename>/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf</filename>
- ¥H¤U¸Ì¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡G</para>
-
- <para>°²¦p§A¤£¬O¥Î full sources ¤è¦¡¦w¸Ë¨t²Î¡A¨º»ò sendmail
- ³]©w¶µ¥Ø¥i¯à¤w¸g¤À´²¦¨¦n´X­Ó¨Ó·½¤À¥¬Àɦbµ¥µÛ§A¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g
- mount ¥úºÐ¾÷¡A°µ¥H¤U°Ê§@¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /cdrom/src</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>cat scontrib.?? | tar xzf - -C /usr/src contrib/sendmail</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>§OÅå·W¡A³o¥u¦³¼Æ¤Q¸U­Ó¦ì¤¸²Õªº¤j¤p¡C¦b <filename>cf</filename>
- ¥Ø¿ý¸Ìªº <filename>README</filename> ¥i¥H´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó m4 ³]©wªkªº°ò
- ¥»¤¶²Ð¡C</para>
-
- <para>¥H UUCP »¼°e¨Ó»¡¡A«ØÄ³§A³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î <literal>mailertable</literal>
- ¯SÂI¡C«Øºc¤@­Ó¸ê®Æ®wÅý sendmail ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¥¦¦Û¤vªº¸ô®|¨Mµ¦¡C</para>
-
- <para>­º¥ý¡A§A¥²¶·«Ø¥ß¦Û¤vªº <filename>.mc</filename> ÀÉ¡C
- <filename>/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¬O³o¨Ç
- Àɮתº®a¡C¬d¬Ý¤@¤U¡A¤w¸g¦³¦n´X­Ó½d¨ÒÀÉ¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g©R¦W¦Û¤vªºÀÉ¥s
- <filename>foo.mc</filename>¡A§A­n°µªº¥u¬O§â¥¦Âà´«¦¨¤@­Ó¦³®Äªº
- <filename>sendmail.cf</filename>¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>make foo.cf</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>cp foo.cf /etc/mail/sendmail.cf</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>¤@­Ó¨å«¬ªº <filename>.mc</filename> Àɬݰ_¨Ó¥i¯à¹³³o¼Ë¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>VERSIONID(`<replaceable>Your version number</replaceable>')
-OSTYPE(bsd4.4)
-
-FEATURE(accept_unresolvable_domains)
-FEATURE(nocanonify)
-FEATURE(mailertable, `hash -o /etc/mail/mailertable')
-
-define(`UUCP_RELAY', <replaceable>your.uucp.relay</replaceable>)
-define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000)
-define(`confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES')
-
-MAILER(local)
-MAILER(smtp)
-MAILER(uucp)
-
-Cw <replaceable>your.alias.host.name</replaceable>
-Cw <replaceable>youruucpnodename.UUCP</replaceable></programlisting>
-
- <para><literal>accept_unresolvable_domains</literal>¡A
- <literal>nocanonify</literal>¡A ©M
- <literal>confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES</literal> ¯S©Ê±NÁ×§K¥ô¦ó¦b
- »¼°e¶l¥ó®É·|¥Î¨ì DNS ªº¾÷·|¡C<literal>UUCP_RELAY</literal>
- ¶µ¥Øªº¥X²{²z¥Ñ«Ü©_©Ç¡A´N¤£­n°Ý¬°¦ó¤F¡C²³æªº©ñ¤J¤@­Óºô»Úºô¸ô
- ¤W¥i¥H³B²z .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ì¦ì§}ªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡F³q±`¡A§A¥u»Ý­n¦b³o
- ¸Ì¶ñ¤J§A ISP ªº«H¥ó¦^ÂгB (mail replay)¡C</para>
-
- <para>§A¤w¸g°µ¨ì³o¸Ì¤F¡A§AÁٻݭn³o­Ó¥s
- <filename>/etc/mail/mailertable</filename>¡C¦pªG§A¥u¦³¤@­Ó¥Î
- ¨Ó¶Ç»¼©Ò¦³¶l¥óªº¹ï¥~³q¹Dªº¸Ü¡A¥H¤UªºÀÉ®×´N¨¬°÷¤F¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>#
-# makemap hash /etc/mail/mailertable.db &lt; /etc/mail/mailertable
- uucp-dom:<replaceable>your.uucp.relay</replaceable></programlisting>
-
- <para>¥t¤@­Ó§ó½ÆÂøªº¨Ò¤l¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³³o¼Ë¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>#
-# makemap hash /etc/mail/mailertable.db &lt; /etc/mail/mailertable
-#
-horus.interface-business.de uucp-dom:horus
-interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus
-interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus
-heep.sax.de smtp8:%1
-horus.UUCP uucp-dom:horus
-if-bus.UUCP uucp-dom:if-bus
- uucp-dom:</programlisting>
-
-
- <para>¦p§A©Ò¨£¡A³o¬O¬Y­Ó¯u¹êÀɮ׸̪º¤@³¡¥÷¡C­º¤T¦æ³B²zºô°ì©w§}«H¥ó
- ¤£À³¸Ó³Q°e¥X¨ì¤º©w¸ô®|¡A¦Ó¥Ñ¬Y¨Ç UUCP ¾F©~(UUCP neighbor)¨ú¥N
- ªº¯S®í±¡§Î¡A³o¬O¬°¤F <quote>ÁYµu</quote>»¼°eªº¸ô®|¡C¤U¤@¦æ³B²z¨ì
- ¥»¦a¤A¤Óºô¸ôºô°ìªº«H¥óÅý¥¦¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î SMTP ¨Ó»¼°e¡C³Ì«á¡AUUCP ¾F©~´£¨ì
- .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ìªº°O¸ü¡A¤¹³\¤@­Ó <literal><replaceable>uucp-neighbor
- </replaceable>!<replaceable>recipient</replaceable></literal> ±À½
- ¤º©w³W«h¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ«h¥H¤@­Ó³æ¿Wªº¥yÂI°µµ²§ô¡A¥H UUCP »¼°e¨ì´£¨Ñ·í
- §A¥þ¥@¬É©Ê¶l¥ó¹hªùªºUUCP ¾F©~¡C©Ò¦³¦b <literal>uucp-dom:</literal>
- ÃöÁä¦r¸Ìªº¸`ÂI¦WºÙ¥²¶·³£¬O¦³®Äªº UUCP ¾F©~¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î
- <literal>uuname</literal> ©R¥O¥h½T»{¡C
- </para>
-
- <para>´£¿ô§A³o­ÓÀɮצb¨Ï¥Î«e¥²¶·³QÂà´«¦¨ DBM ¸ê®Æ®wÀɮסA³Ì¦n¦b
- mailertable ³Ì¤W­±¥Îµù¸Ñ¼g¥X©R¥O¦C¨Ó§¹¦¨³o­Ó¤u§@¡C·í§A¨C¦¸§ó´«§A
- ªº mailertable «á§AÁ`¬O»Ý­n°õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡C</para>
-
- <para>³Ì«á´£¥Ü¡G¦pªG§A¤£½T©w¬Y¨Ç¯S©wªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¥i¥Î¡A°O±o§â
- <option>-bt</option> ¿ï¶µ¥[¨ì sendmail¡C³o·|±N sendmail ±Ò°Ê¦b
- <emphasis>address test mode</emphasis>¡F¥u­n«ö¤U
- <literal>0</literal>¡A±µµÛ¿é¤J§A§Æ±æ´ú¸Õªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¦ì§}¡C
- ³Ì«á¤@¦æ§i¶D§A¨Ï¥Î¤º³¡ªº«H¥ó¥N²zµ{¦¡¡A¥N²zµ{¦¡ªº·|³qª¾¥Øªº¥D¾÷¡A
- ¥H¤Î(¥i¯àÂà´«ªº)¦ì§}¡C­nÂ÷¶}¦¹¼Ò¦¡½Ð«ö Control-D¡C</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sendmail -bt</userinput>
-ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked)
-Enter &lt;ruleset&gt; &lt;address&gt;
-<prompt>&gt;</prompt> <userinput>3,0 foo@example.com</userinput>
-canonify input: foo @ example . com
-..
-parse returns: $# uucp-dom $@ <replaceable>your.uucp.relay</replaceable> $: foo &lt; @ example . com . &gt;
-<prompt>&gt;</prompt> <userinput>^D</userinput></screen>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ispmail">
- <para>·í§Ú¥Î¼·±µ³s¤Wºô¸ô®É¸Ó«ç»ò³]©w«H¥ó»¼°e¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦pªG§A¤w¸g¦³¤@­Ó©T©wªº IP ¼Æ¦r¡A§A¤£»Ý­n½Õ¾ã¥ô¦ó¤º©w­È¡C³]¦n
- §A­n«ü©wªººô¸ô¦WºÙ¡A¨ä¥Lªº sendmail ³£·|À°§A°µ§¹¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG§A®³¨ìªº¬O°ÊºA°t¸mªº IP ¼Æ¦r¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¼·±µ ppp ³s±µ¨ìºô»Úºô
- ¸ô¡A§A¥i¯à¤w¸g¦b§Aªº ISP «H¥ó¥D¾÷¤W¦³¤@­Ó«H½c¡C°²³]§Aªº ISP ºô°ì
- ¬O <hostid role="domainname">example.net</hostid>¡A§Aªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦W
- ºÙ¬O <username>user</username>¡C¥ç°²³]§AºÙ¦Û¤vªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¬O
- <hostid role="fqdn">bsd.home</hostid> ¦Ó§Aªº ISP §i¶D§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î
- <hostid role="fqdn">relay.example.net</hostid> ·í§@«H¥ó¦^ÂгB¡C
- </para>
-
- <para>¬°¤F±q§Aªº«H½c±µ¦¬«H¥ó¡A§A±N»Ý­n¦w¸Ë¨ú«Hµ{¦¡¥H«K±q«H½c¨ú¦^«H¥ó¡C
- <application>Fetchmail</application> ¬O¤@­Ó¤£¿ùªº¿ï¾Ü¡A¦]¬°¥¦¤ä
- ´©³\¦h¤£¦Pªº³q°T¨ó©w¡A³q±`§Aªº ISP ·|´£¨Ñ POP3¡C¦pªG§A¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Î
- user-ppp¡A§A¥i¥H¦b³s½u¨ìºô¸ô¦¨¥\«á¦Û°Ê§ì¨ú§Aªº«H¥ó¡A¥u­n¦b
- <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>¸Ì­±³]©w¥H¤U³o¶µ¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>MYADDR:
- !bg su user -c fetchmail</programlisting>
-
- <para>°²¨Ï§A¥¿¨Ï¥Î <application>sendmail</application> (¦p¤U©Ò¥Ü)
- ¶Ç°e«H¥ó¨ì«D¥»¦a±b¸¹¡A¸m¤J¥H¤U©R¥O¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting> !bg su user -c "sendmail -q"</programlisting>
-
- <para>¦b¤W­±¨º¶µ©R¥O¤§«á¡C³o·|±j­¢ <application>sendmail</application>
- ¦b³s±µ¤Wºô¸ô«á°¨¤W¶}©l³B²z mailqueue¡C</para>
-
- <para>§Ú°²³]§A¦b <hostid role="fqdn">bsd.home</hostid> ¾÷¾¹¤W¦³¤@­Ó
- <username>user</username> ªº±b¸¹¡C¦b <hostid
- role="fqdn">bsd.home</hostid> ¾÷¾¹¤W <username>user</username>
- ªº®a¥Ø¿ý¸Ì«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó <filename>.fetchmailrc</filename> ªºÀɮסG</para>
-
- <programlisting>poll example.net protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret</programlisting>
-
- <para>µL¶·Âب¥¡A³o­ÓÀɰ£¤F <username>user</username> ¥~¤£À³¸Ó³Q¥ô
- ¦ó¤HŪ¨ú¡A¦]¬°¥¦¥]§t <literal>MySecret</literal> ³o­Ó±K½X¡C</para>
-
- <para>¬°¤F¦b±H«H®É¦³¥¿½Tªº©ïÀY <literal>from:</literal>¡A§A¥²¶·§i¶D
- <application>sendmail</application> ¨Ï¥Î
- <literal>user@example.net</literal> ¦Ó«D
- <literal>user@bsd.home</literal>¡C§A¥i¯à·|§Æ±æ§i¶D
- <application>sendmail</application> ±q
- <hostid role="fqdn">relay.example.net</hostid> °e¥X©Ò¦³«H¥ó¡A
- ¥[§Ö«H¥ó¶Ç°e¡C</para>
-
- <para>¥H¤Uªº <filename>.mc</filename> ÀÉÀ³¯àº¡¨¬§Aªº­n¨D¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0')
-OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl
-FEATURE(nouucp)dnl
-MAILER(local)dnl
-MAILER(smtp)dnl
-Cwlocalhost
-Cwbsd.home
-MASQUERADE_AS(`example.net')dnl
-FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl
-FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl
-FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl
-FEATURE(nodns)dnl
-define(`SMART_HOST', `relay.example.net')
-Dmbsd.home
-define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl
-define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl</programlisting>
-
- <para>¦p¦óÂà´«³o­Ó <filename>.mc</filename> Àɮרì
- <filename>sendmail.cf</filename> Àɪº¸Ô²Ó²Ó¸`¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤W¤@¸`¡C
- ¥t¥~¡A¦b§ó·s <filename>sendmail.cf</filename> ¥H«á¤£­n§Ñ°O­«·s±Ò°Ê
- <application>sendmail</application>¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="sendmail-alternative">
- <para>°£¤F Sendmail ¥~¡AÁÙ¦³­þ¨Ç¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para><ulink url="http://www.sendmail.org/">Sendmail</ulink>
- ¬O FreeBSD ¹w³]¨Ï¥Îªº¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¡A¦ý¬O§AÁÙ¬O¥i¥H«Ü®e©ö¦a¥H¨ä¥¦
- ¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹ (¨Ò¦p¡A±q port ¦w¸Ëªº¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹) ¨ú¥N¤§¡C</para>
-
- <para>port ¸Ì¦³«Ü¦h¥i¨Ñ¿ï¾Üªº¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¡A¹³
- <filename role="package">mail/exim</filename>¡B
- <filename role="package">mail/postfix</filename>¡B
- <filename role="package">mail/qmail</filename>¡B
- <filename role="package">mail/zmailer</filename> 杭A
- ´N¬O´X­Ó«Ü¨üÅwªïªº¿ï¾Ü¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦h¼Ë¿ï¾Ü¬O¦n¨Æ¡A¦Ó¥B¤j®a¦³³\¦h¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤]³Q»{¬°¬O
- ¦n¨Æ¡F©Ò¥H½ÐÁ×§K¦b³q«H½×¾Â¸Ì°Ý¹³ <quote>Sendmail ¦³¤ñ Qmail
- ¦n¶Ü¡H</quote> ³o¼Ëªº°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG§A¯uªº«Ü·Q°Ýªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¥ý¨ì³q«H½×¾Â
- archive ¸Ì§ä¤@¤U¡C¨C¤@­Ó¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹ªºÀuÂI»P¯ÊÂI¡A¥H«e¤j·§´N¤w¸g
- °Q½×¦n´X¦¸¤F¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="forgot-root-pw">
- <para>§Ú§Ñ¤F <username>root</username> ±K½X¤F¡I«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¤£­nÅå·W¡I¥u­n­«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡A¦b¬Ý¨ì Boot: ®É¿é¤J
- <userinput>boot -s</userinput> §Y¥i¶i¤J³æ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡
- (¦b 3.2-RELEASE ¤§«eªºª©¥»½Ð§ï¥Î <userinput>-s</userinput>)¡C
- ¦b°Ý­n¨Ï¥Î­þ­Ó shell ®É¡A«ö¤U ENTER¡C§A·|¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó &prompt.root;
- ªº´£¥Ü¸¹¡A¿é¤J <command>mount -u /</command> ¥H­«·s±¾¤W(mount)
- §Aªº®ÚÀɮרt²Î¥i¨ÑŪ/¼g¡C°õ¦æ <command>passwd root</command>
- ¥H§ó´« <username>root</username> ±K½X¡AµM«á°õ¦æ &man.exit.1;
- Ä~Äò±Ò°Êµ{§Ç¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="CAD-reboot">
- <para>§Ú¸Ó«ç»òÅý Control-Alt-Delete ¤£·|­«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦pªG§A¬O¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD 2.2.7-RELEASE ©Î¤§«áª©¥»ªº
- syscons(¨t²Î¤º©wªº¥D±±¥xÅX°Êµ{¦¡)¡A§â¤U¦C³o¦æ©ñ¨ì kernel ³]©wÀɤº¡A
- µM«á­«°µ¤@­Ó·sªº®Ö¤ß¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT</programlisting>
-
- <para>­Y¬O¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD 2.2.5-RELEASE ©Î¤§«áª©¥»ªº PCVT ¥D±±¥xÅX°Ê
- µ{¦¡¡A«h¥H¤U¦C¿ï¶µ¥N´À¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>options PCVT_CTRL_ALT_DEL</programlisting>
-
- <para>¨ä¥L§ó¦­´Áªº FreeBSD ª©¥»¡A½Ð­×§ï§A¥¿¦b¨Ï¥Îªº¥D±±¥xÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A
- ¨Ã±N©Ò¦³ <literal>boot</literal> ÃöÁä¦r¥H <literal>nop</literal>
- ¨ú¥N¡C¤º©wªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¬O¦b
- <filename>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps/us.iso.kbd</filename>¡C
- §A¥i¯à»Ý­n©ú¥Õªº§h©J <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¥hŪ¨ú
- ³o­ÓÁä½L¹ïÀ³¥H½T«O§ó°Ê¥Í®Ä¡C·íµM¦pªG§A¥¿¦b¥Î¾A¦X§A°êÄyªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A
- §AÀ³¸Ó½s¿è¨º¤@­Ó¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="dos-to-unix-txt">
- <para>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò§â DOS ¤å¦rÀÉ®×­«·s®æ¦¡¤Æ¦¨ UNIX ªº¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥u­n¨Ï¥Î³o­Ó perl ©R¥O¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>perl -i.bak -npe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file ...</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>file ´N¬O­n³B²zªºÀɮסC³o­Ó­×§ï¬O¦b¤º³¡§¹¦¨¡A­ì©lªºÀÉ®×·|Àx¦s¦¨
- °ÆÀɦW¬° .bak ªºÀɮסC</para>
-
- <para>©ÎªÌ§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î &man.tr.1; ³o­Ó©R¥O¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>tr -d '\r' &lt; <replaceable>dos-text-file</replaceable> &gt; <replaceable>unix-file</replaceable></userinput></screen>
-
- <para><replaceable>dos-text-file</replaceable> ¬O¥]§t DOS ¤å¦rªº
- ÀɮסA¦Ó <replaceable>unix-text-file</replaceable> «h¬O¥]§tÂà´«
- ªº¿é¥Xµ²ªG¡C³o¤ñ¨Ï¥Î perl ÁÙ­n§Ö¤W¤@ÂIÂI¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="kill-by-name">
- <para>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¥Î¦WºÙ¬å±¼ process¡H</para>
- </question><answer>
-
- <para>¨Ï¥Î &man.killall.1; ¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="root-acl">
- <para>¬°¦ó¦b su ¤@ª½»¡§Ú¤£¦b <username>root</username> ªº ACL ¸Ì¡H
- </para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o­Ó¿ù»~¬O¦]¬° Kerberos ¤À´²»{ÃÒ¨t²Î¡C³o­Ó°ÝÃD¨Ã¤£¬O«ÜÄY­«
- ¦ý¬O¥O¤H¹½·Ð¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î -K ¿ï¶µ¥h°õ¦æ su¡A©Î¬O¹³¤U­Ó°ÝÃD©Ò´y­zªº
- ²¾°£ Kerberos¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="uninstall-kerberos">
- <para>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò²¾°£ Kerberos¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>­n±q¨t²Î¸Ì²¾°£ Kerberos¡A­«¸Ë§A¥¿¦b°õ¦æªº release ª©¥»ªº
- bin distribution¡C¦pªG§A¦³ CDROM¡A§A¥i¥H mount cd(°²³]¦b /cdrom)
- ¨Ã°õ¦æ¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /cdrom/bin</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>./install.sh</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>©ÎªÌ§A¤]¥i¥H±N <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ¸Ìªº
- "MAKE_KERBEROS" ¿ï¶µ¥þ³£®³±¼¡AµM«á¦A build world.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="add-pty">
- <para>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¼W¥[¨t²ÎªºµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦pªG§A¦³³\¦h telnet¡Assh¡AX ©Î¬O screen ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A§A©Î³\·|¥Î§¹
- µêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷¡A³o¯à±Ð§A«ç»ò¥[§ó¦h¡G</para>
-
- <procedure>
- <step>
- <para>«Ø¥ß¨Ã¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó·sªº kernel ¨Ã¥B§â³o¤@¦æ</para>
-
- <programlisting>pseudo-device pty 256</programlisting>
-
- <para>¥[¤J¨ì³]©wÀɸ̡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>°õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV pty{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>·|³y¥X 256 ­ÓµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¸Ë¸m¸`ÂI¡C</para>
-
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>½s¿è <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ¨Ã¥[¤J²Å¦X 256
- ­Ó²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¦æ¼Æ¡C¥¦­ÌÀ³¸Ó²Å¦X¤w¸g¦s¦b³æ¶µªº®æ¦¡¡AÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A
- ¥¦­Ì¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>ttyqc none network</programlisting>
-
- <para>¦r¥À³]­pªº¶¶§Ç¬O
- <literal>tty[pqrsPQRS][0-9a-v]</literal>¡A¨Ï¥Î¥¿³Wªí¥Ü¦¡¡C
- </para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>¥Î·sªº kernel ­«·s±Ò°Ê¹q¸£´N¥i¥H¤F¡C</para>
- </step>
- </procedure>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="create-snd0">
- <para>/dev/snd0 ³o­Ó¸Ë¸m°µ¤£¥X¨Ó¡I</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¨Ã¨S <devicename>snd</devicename> ³o­Ó¸Ë¸mªº¦s¦b¡C³o­Ó¦W¦r
- ¬O¥Î¨Ó·í§@¦U­Ó²Õ¦¨ FreeBSD Án­µÅX°Êµ{¦¡²Õ¡A½Ñ¦p
- <devicename>mixer</devicename>¡A
- <devicename>sequencer</devicename>¡A¥H¤Î
- <devicename>dsp</devicename> ªºÂ²ºÙ¡C</para>
-
- <para>¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤Uªº©R¥O§@¥X³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV snd0</userinput></screen>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="reread-rc">
- <para>¥i¥H¤£¥Î¶}¾÷¡A­«·sŪ¨ú <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>¡B
- ¦A¦¸±Ò°Ê <filename>/etc/rc</filename> ¶Ü?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥ý¶i¤J³æ¤H¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á¦A¦^¨ì¦h¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦b¥D±±¥x°õ¦æ¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown now</userinput>
-(Note: without -r or -h)
-
-&prompt.root; <userinput>return</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>exit</userinput></screen>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="release-candidate">
- <para>§Ú·Q­n§â§Úªº¨t²Îª@¯Å¨ì³Ì·sªº -STABLE¡A¦ý¬O±o¨ìªº¬O -RC ©Î
- -PRERELEASE¡I«ç»ò¤F¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>²³æ¦a»¡¡G¨º¥u¬O¦W¦r¦Ó¤w¡CRC ªº·N«ä¬O <quote>Release Candiate¡A
- µo¦æ­Ô¿ïª©¥»</quote>¡A¥¦ªí¥Ü·sª©¥»§Ö­nµo¦æ¤F¡C¦b FreeBSD ¤¤¡A
- -PRERELEASE ³q±`¬Oµo¦æ«eªºµ{¦¡½X­áµ²ªº¥N¦Wµü¡C(¦³¨Çµo¦æª©¥»¤¤¡A
- -BETA ¼ÐÅÒ¸ò -PRERELEASE ¬O¬Û¦P·N«äªº¡C)</para>
-
- <para>¸Ô²Ó¦a»¡¡GFreeBSD ±q¨â­Ó¦a¤è¤À¤ä¥X¥¦ªºµo¦æª©¥»¡C¥Dª©¸¹¡B
- ÂI¹s¡Brelease (¨Ò¦p 3.0-RELEASE ¤Î 4.0-RELEASE) ªº¡A¬O±qµo®i¹Lµ{
- ¶}©l®É¤À¤ä¥X¨Óªº¡A³q±`ºÙ¬° <link linkend="current">-CURRENT
- </link>¡C¦³°Æª©¸¹ªºª©¥» (¨Ò¦p 3.1-RELEASE ©Î 4.2-RELEASE)¡A¬O
- ¬¡ÅDªº <link linkend="stable">-STABLE</link> ¤À¤ä¤¤ªºµo¦æª©¥»
- §Ö·Ó¡C±q 4.3-RELEASE ¶}©l¡A¨C¤@­Óµo¦æª©¥»¦³¥¦¦Û¤vªº¤À¤ä¡A¥i¬°
- °¾¦n·¥«×«O¦uªºµo®i³t«× (³q±`¥u·|§@¦w¥þ¤è­±ªº§ó·s) ªº¤H©Ò¥Î¡C</para>
-
- <para>·Ç³Æ­n»s§@µo¦æª©¥»®É¡A¨ä©Ò¦bªº¤À¤ä·|¸g¹L¤@©wªºµ{§Ç¡C¦³¤@­Ó¬O
- µ{¦¡½X­áµ²¡C·íµ{¦¡½X­áµ²¶}©l®É¡A¤À¤ä¦WºÙ·|§ó¦W¡A¥H¤Ï¬M¥¦§Ö­n¦¨¬°
- ¤@­Óµo¦æª©¥»¤F¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A¦pªG­ì¨Óªº¤À¤ä¥s 4.5-STABLE¡A¥¦ªº¦W¦r
- ·|Åܦ¨ 4.6-PRERELEASE ¥Hªí¥Üµ{¦¡½X¤w­áµ²¡A¨Ã¥BÃB¥~ªºµo¦æ«e´ú¸Õ
- ±N­n¶}©l¤F¡C¯äÂΧ󥿤´¥i¦^³ø¡A¥H¦¨¬°µo¦æª©¥»ªº¤@³¡¥÷¡C·íµ{¦¡½X
- ¦³¤F¥i¦¨¬°µo¦æª©¥»ªºÂú§Î®É¡A¥¦ªº¦W¦r´N·|Åܦ¨ 4.6-RC¡A¥Hªí¥Üµo¦æ
- ª©¥»§Ö¦n¤F¡C¶i¤J RC ¶¥¬q«á¡A¥u¦³§ä¨ìªº³Ì¦³¼vÅTªº¯äÂΤ~·|³Q­×¥¿¡C
- ·íµo¦æª©¥» (¥»¨Ò¤¤¬° 4.6-RELEASE) ²£¥Í«á¡Aµo¦æª©¥»·|¦³¦Û¤vªº¤À¤ä¡A
- ­ì¤À¤ä·|³Q§ó¦W¬° 4.6-STABLE¡C</para>
-
- <para>·Q­n±oª¾§ó¦h¦³Ãöª©¥»¸¹½X»P¦U CVS ¤À¤äªº¸ê°T¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò
- <ulink url="../../articles/releng/article.html">Release
- Engineering</ulink> ¤@¤å¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="kernel-chflag-failure">
- <para>§Ú¸ÕµÛ­n¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó·sªº®Ö¤ß¡A¦ý¬OµLªk chflags¡C§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¸Ñ¨M¡H
- </para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>²³æ¦a»¡¡G§Aªº securelevel ¥i¯à¤j©ó¹s¡Cª½±µ­«·s¶}¾÷¨ì
- ³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¡A¦A¦w¸Ë®Ö¤ß¡C</para>
-
- <para>¸Ô²Ó¦a»¡¡GFreeBSD ¦b securelevel ¤j©ó¹s±¡ªp¤U¡A¤£¤¹³\
- Åܧó¨t²ÎºX¼Ð (system flags)¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î³o­Ó«ü¥OÀˬd§Aªº
- securelevel¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.securelevel</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>§A¨S¦³¿ìªk­°§C securelevel¡F§A¥²¶·±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¨ì³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¥H
- ¦w¸Ë®Ö¤ß¡A©Î¬O­×§ï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¤ºªº
- securelevel ¦A­«·s¶}¾÷¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &man.init.8; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o
- §ó¦h¦³Ãö securelevel ªº¸ê°T¡AÁÙ¦³ <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf
- </filename> ©M &man.rc.conf.5; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö rc.conf
- ªº¸ê°T¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="kernel-securelevel-time">
- <para>¦b§Úªº¨t²Î¤W¡A§ÚµLªkÅܧó®É¶¡¶W¹L¤@¬í¥H¤Wªº½d³ò¡I
- §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>²³æ¦aÁ¿¡G§A¨t²Îªº securelevel ¤]³\¤j©ó 1¡Cª½±µ­«·s¶}¾÷¦Ü
- ³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á¦A­×§ï®É¶¡¡C</para>
-
- <para>¸Ô²Ó¦a»¡¡G¦b securelevel ¤j©ó 1 ªº±¡ªp¤U¡AFreeBSD ¤£¤¹³\®É¶¡
- Åܰʤj©ó¤@¬í¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤Uªº©R¥O¨ÓÀˬd¥Ø«eªº securelevel¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.securelevel</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>§AµLªk­°§C securelevel¡F§A¥²¶·±Ò°Ê¹q¸£¦Ü³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¤U¥H­×§ï®É¶¡¡A
- ©Î¬O­×§ï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¦A­«·s¶}¾÷¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò
- &man.init.8; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö securelevel ªº¸ê°T¡AÁÙ¦³
- <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> ©M &man.rc.conf.5;
- »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö rc.conf ªº¸ê°T¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="statd-mem-leak">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò <command>rpc.statd</command> ¥Î¤F 256 megabytes
- ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¤£¡A¨º¤£¬O memory leak¡A¦Ó¥B¥¦¤]¤£¬O¯uªº¥Î¤F 256 Mbyte
- ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡C¥¦¥u¬O³ßÅw (·N«ä´N¬OÁ`·|³o¼Ë§@) ±N¤@ª¯²¼ªº°O¾ÐÅé
- ¬MÁ¨쥦¦Û¤vªº¦ì§}ªÅ¶¡¡A¥H¤è«K§@¨Æ¡C´N§Þ³N¦Ó¨¥¡A³o¼Ë¨Ã¨S¦³
- ¤°»ò¤£¹ï¡F³o¼Ë¥u¬O·|Åý &man.top.1; ©M &man.ps.1; À~¤@¤j¸õ¦Ó¤w¡C
- </para>
-
- <para>&man.rpc.statd.8; ·|±N¥¦ªºª¬ºAÀÉ®× (¦ì©ó <filename>/var
- </filename>) ¬M®g¦Ü¥¦ªº¦ì§}ªÅ¶¡¸Ì¡F¬°¤F¨¾¤î»Ý­nªº®É­Ô¦A¼W¤j©Ò
- ¾É­Pªº­«·s¬M®g¡A¥¦¤@¦¸·|¨Ï¥Î¬Û·í¤jªº¤j¤p¡C±qµ{¦¡½X¨Ó¬Ýªº¸Ü´N
- §ó©úÅã¤F¡A¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì &man.mmap.2; ªºªø«×°Ñ¼Æ¬° <literal>0x10000000
- </literal>¡A¥¦¬O IA32 ¬[ºc¤Wªº¤Q¤»¤À¤§¤@ªº©w§}ªÅ¶¡¡A¤]´N¬O
- 256MB¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="unsetting-schg">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¨S¿ìªk¨ú®ø <literal>schg</literal> Àɮ׺X¼Ð¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>§A¥¿¦b¤@­Ó´£°ª¤F securelevel (¤]´N¬O¤j©ó 0) ªº¨t²Î¹B§@¡C
- ­°§C securelevel ¦A¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <link linkend="securelevel">
- FAQ ¤¤¹ï securelevel ªº»¡©ú</link> ©M &man.init.8; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡C
- </para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ssh-shosts">
- <para>¬°¤°»òªñ¨Óªº·sª© FreeBSD ¹w³]µLªk§Q¥Î <filename>.shosts
- </filename> §¹¦¨ SSH »{ÃÒ¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¬°¤°»òªñ¨Ó·sª© FreeBSD <filename>.shosts</filename> »{ÃÒ¹w³]
- ¬°¨ú®øªº­ì¦]¡A¬O¦]¬° &man.ssh.1; ¹w³]¤£¦w¸Ë¬° suid ¦¨ <username>
- root</username>¡C­n <quote>­×¥¿</quote> ³oÂI¡A§A¥i¥H§@¤U¦Cªº
- ¥ô¦ó¤@¥ó¨Æ¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>­n¤@³Ò¥Ã¶h¸Ñ¨M¡A½Ð±N <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>
- ¸Ìªº <makevar>ENABLE_SUID_SSH</makevar> ³]¦¨ <literal>true
- </literal>¡AµM«á¦A­«·s build ssh (©Î¬O°õ¦æ <command>make
- world</command>)¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¥u§@¤@®Éªº­×¥¿ªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H <username>root</username> ¨­¥÷
- °õ¦æ <command>chmod 4755 /usr/bin/ssh</command> ±N
- <filename>/usr/bin/ssh</filename> ³]¦¨ <literal>4555
- </literal>¡CµM«á±N <makevar>ENABLE_SUID_SSH= true</makevar>
- ¥[¤J <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ¸Ì¡A³o¼Ë¤U¦¸
- <command>make world</command> °õ¦æ´N·|¥Í®Ä¤F¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="vnlru">
- <para>¤°»ò¬O <literal>vnlru</literal>?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>·í¨t²Î¹F¨ì¤W­­ <varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname> ®É¡A
- <literal>vnlru</literal> ·|²M°£¨ÃÄÀ©ñ vnode¡C³o­Ó®Ö¤ß
- °õ¦æºü¤j³¡¥÷ªº®É¶¡³£¨S¨Æ§@¡A¥u¦³·í§A¦³«Ü¤jªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A¦Ó¥B
- ¥¿¦b¦s¨ú¤W¸U­Ó¤pÀɮ׮ɡA¤~·|³Q±Ò°Ê¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="x">
- <chapterinfo>
- <author>
- <firstname>Wei-Hon</firstname>
- <surname>Chen</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address><email>plasmaball@pchome.com.tw</email></address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </chapterinfo>
-
- <title>X Window System ¤Î Virtual Consoles</title>
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="running-X">
- <para>§Ú·Q­n°õ¦æ X ¡A§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò°µ¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
-
- <para>³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O¦b¦w¸Ë¨t²Îªº®É­Ô¤@¨Ö¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
-
- <para>µM«á¬Ý¬Ý &man.xorgconfig.1; ªº¤å¥ó¡A³o­Óµ{¦¡¥i¥H
- À°±z³]©w &xorg; ¬ÛÃö³]©w¡A¨Ï¥¦¯à°÷¥¿½T¹B¥Î±zªºÅã¥Ü¥d¡B·Æ¹«µ¥¶gÃä¡C¦¹¥~¡AÁÙ¥i¥H¥Î &man.xorgcfg.1;
- ªº¹Ï§Î¤¶­±¨Ó°µ¬ÛÃö³]©w¡C</para>
-
- <para>±z©Î³\¤]·Q¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý Xaccel server¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð¬Ý <link linkend="xig">Xi Graphics</link>
- ³o¤@¬q¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="running-X-securelevels">
- <para>§Ú <emphasis>¸ÕµÛ</emphasis> ­n°õ¦æ X, ¦ý¬O·í§ÚÁä¤J
- <command>startx</command> ®É¡A±o¨ì
- <errorname>KDENABIO failed (Operation not permitted)</errorname>
- ¿ù»~¡C§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>§Aªº¨t²Î¤@©w´£°ª¤F securelevel¡A¹ï¤£¹ï¡H¦b¤@­Ó´£°ª¤F
- securelevel ªº¨t²Î¤W¡A¬Oµ´¹ïµLªk°_°Ê X ªº¡C·Qª¾¹D¬°¤°»ò¡A
- ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &man.init.8; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡C</para>
-
- <para>©Ò¥H³o­Ó°ÝÃDÅܦ¨¡G§AÁÙ¯à«ç»ò¿ì¡C°ò¥»¤W§A¦³¨âºØ¿ï¾Ü¡G
- ±N§Aªº securelevel ³]¦^¹s (³q±`¦b <filename>/etc/rc.conf
- </filename> ¸Ì­±³]©w)¡A©Î¬O¦b±Ò°Ê®É°õ¦æ &man.xdm.1; (¦b
- securelevel ³Qª@°ª«e)¡C</para>
-
- <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <xref linkend="xdm-boot"/> ¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö±Ò°Ê®É
- °õ¦æ &man.xdm.1; ªº¸ê°T¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="x-and-moused">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à¦b X ¸Ì¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦pªG±z¥Îªº¬O syscons (¤º©wªº console ÅX°Êµ{¦¡) ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H
- ¸g¥Ñ³]©w FreeBSD ¨ÓÅý¥¦¤ä´©¦b¨C­Ó virtual console ¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡C¬°¤F
- Á×§K©M X ²£¥Í½Ä¬ð¡Asyscons ¨Ï¥Î¤F¤@­Ó¥s°µ
- <devicename>/dev/sysmouse</devicename> ªºµêÀÀ¸Ë¸m¡C©Ò¦³·Æ¹«²£¥Íªº
- event ³£·|§Q¥Î moused ¨Ó¼g¨ì sysmouse ³o­Ó¸Ë¸m¡C¦pªG±z§Æ±æ¦b¤@­Ó
- ©Î¥H¤Wªº virtual console ¤W¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡A<emphasis>¨Ã¥B</emphasis>
- ¯à°÷¨Ï¥Î X ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò
- <xref linkend="moused" remap="another section"/> ¨Ã¥B³]©w¦n
- moused¡C</para>
-
- <para>µM«á½s¿è <filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename> ³o­ÓÀɮסA
- ¨Ã¥B½T»{§A¦³¥H¤U³o´X¦æªº³]©w¡C</para>
-
- <programlisting>Section Pointer
-Protocol "SysMouse"
-Device "/dev/sysmouse"
-....</programlisting>
-
- <para>¥H¤Wªº¨Ò¤l¡A¾A¥Î©ó XFree86 3.3.2 ¤Î¨ä«áªºª©¥»¡C¥Î©ó§ó¦­ªº
- ª©¥»ªº¡A¨ä <emphasis>Protocol</emphasis> À³¬°
- <emphasis>MouseSystems</emphasis>¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦³¨Ç¤H¤ñ¸û³ßÅw¦b³]©w X ªº®É­Ô¥Î
- <devicename>/dev/mouse</devicename> ³o­Ó¸Ë¸m¡C¦pªG±z­nÅý¥¦¯à°÷
- ¥¿±`¤u§@ªº¸Ü¡A±z´N¥²¶·§â <devicename>/dev/mouse</devicename>
- ³sµ²¨ì <devicename>/dev/sysmouse</devicename> (½Ð°Ñ¦Ò
- &man.sysmouse.4;):</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>rm -f mouse</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s sysmouse mouse</userinput></screen>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="x-and-wheel">
- <para>·Æ¹«ªººu½ü¡A¯à¦b X ¸Ì­±¨Ï¥Î¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥i¥H¡C¤£¹L»Ý­n³]©w X client ºÝµ{¦¡¡C ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ulink
- url="http://www.inria.fr/koala/colas/mouse-wheel-scroll/">
- Colas Nahaboo ªººô­¶
- (http://www.inria.fr/koala/colas/mouse-wheel-scroll/)
- </ulink>.</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG§A­n¨Ï¥Î <application>imwheel</application> µ{¦¡¡A
- ¥u­n¸òµÛ¤U¦C¨BÆJ§@§Y¥i¡C</para>
-
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Âà´«ºu½ü event
-Translate the Wheel Events</para>
-
- <para><application>imwheel</application> µ{¦¡ªº¹B§@­ì²z¡A
- ¬O±N·Æ¹«ªº²Ä¥|Áä»P²Ä¤­ÁäÂà´«¦¨«öÁä event¡C¦]¬°¦p¦¹¡A©Ò¥H
- §A¥²¶·Åý·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡±N·Æ½ü¨Æ¥óÂà´«¦¨²Ä¥|Áä»P²Ä¤­Áä event¡C
- ¦³¨âºØ¤èªk¥i¥H¹F¨ì¥Øªº¡A¤@¬OÅý &man.moused.8; §@Âà´«¡A¤G¬O
- Åý X ¥»¨­¥h§@ event Âà´«¡C</para>
-
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>¨Ï¥Î &man.moused.8; ¨ÓÂà´«ºu½ü Event</para>
-
- <para>­nÅý &man.moused.8; ¨Ó§@ event Âà´«¡A¥u­n¦b
- °õ¦æ &man.moused.8; ªº©R¥O¦C¤¤¥[¤W <option>-z 4</option>
- §Y¥i¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A¦pªG§A¤@¯ë³£¬O¥H
- <command>moused -p /dev/psm0</command> ¨Ó°_°Ê
- &man.moused.8; ªº¸Ü¡A¥u­n§ï¦¨ <command>moused -p
- /dev/psm0 -z 4</command> §Y¥i¡C¦pªG§A¬O¦b¶}¾÷¹Lµ{¤¤§Q¥Î
- <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¨Ó°_°Ê &man.moused.8;¡A
- §A¥i¥H¦b <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¤¤±N
- <varname>moused_flags</varname> ¤W¥[ <option>-z 4
- </option> §Y¥i¡C</para>
-
- <para>§A²{¦b»Ý­nÅý X ª¾¹D§Aªº·Æ¹«¦³¤­­Ó«öÁä¡A¥u­n¦b
- <filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename> ¤¤ªº
- <quote>Pointer</quote> °Ï¶ô¤¤¥[¤W
- <literal>Buttons 5</literal> ³o¤@¦æ§Y¥i¡C¨Ò¦p¡A
- §A¥i¯à¦b <filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename> ¤¤¦³
- ¥H¤Uªº <quote>Pointer</quote> °Ï¶ô¡G</para>
-
- <example>
-
- <title>¦b XFree86 3.3.x ¨t¦Cªº XF86Config ³]©wÀɪº
- <quote>Pointer</quote> °Ï¶ô¤¤¡A¥H moused §@Âà´«
- ªººu½ü¹«ªº³]©w½d¨Ò</title>
-
- <programlisting>Section "Pointer"
- Protocol "SysMouse"
- Device "/dev/sysmouse"
- Buttons 5
-EndSection</programlisting>
- </example>
-
- <example>
- <title>¦b XFree86 4.x ¨t¦Cªº XF86Config ³]©wÀɪº
- <quote>InputDevice</quote> °Ï¶ô¤¤¡A¥H X Server §@Âà´«
- ªººu½ü¹«ªº³]©w½d¨Ò</title>
-
- <programlisting>Section "InputDevice"
- Identifier "Mouse1"
- Driver "mouse"
- Option "Protocol" "auto"
- Option "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
- Option "Buttons" "5"
-EndSection</programlisting>
- </example>
-
- <example>
- <title>¦b <quote>.emacs</quote> ¤¤¡A³]©wºu½ü¹«ªº­ì¥Í
- ­¶­±ºu°Ê¤ä´©½d¨Ò</title>
- <programlisting>;; wheel mouse
-(global-set-key [mouse-4] 'scroll-down)
-(global-set-key [mouse-5] 'scroll-up)</programlisting>
- </example>
-
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>§Q¥Î§Aªº X Server ¨Ó§@ºu½ü Event Âà´«</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG§A¨S¦³°õ¦æ &man.moused.8;¡A©Î¬O§A¤£·Q§Q¥Î
- &man.moused.8; ¥h§@ºu½ü event Âà´«¡A§A¥i¥H§ï¥Î
- X server ¨Ó§@³o¼Ëªº event Âà´«¡C§A±o¦b <filename>
- /etc/XF86Config</filename> Àɮפ¤§@´X­Ó§ó°Ê¡C²Ä¤@¡A
- §A­n¬°§Aªº·Æ¹«¿ï¾Ü¾A·íªº³q°T¨ó©w¡C¤j¦h¼Æªººu½ü¹«³£
- ¨Ï¥Î <quote>IntelliMouse</quote> ¨ó©w¡A¤£¹L XFree86
- ¤]¤ä´©¨ä¥¦ªº³q°T¨ó©w¡A¨Ò¦pù§Þªº MouseMan+ ·Æ¹«©Ò¥Îªº
- <quote>MouseManPlusPS/2</quote>¡C·í§A¿ï¦n¤§«á¡A¥u­n
- ¥[¶i¤@¦æ <quote>Pointer</quote> °Ï¶ôªº <varname>
- Protocol</varname> ÅܼƧY¥i¡C</para>
-
- <para>²Ä¤G¡A§A­n§i¶D X server ±N±²°Ê¨Æ¥ó­«·s¹ï¬M¦Ü·Æ¹«ªº
- ²Ä¥|©M²Ä¤­Áä¡C³o¥i¥H§Q¥Î <varname>ZAxisMapping</varname>
- ¿ï¶µ¿ì¨ì¡C</para>
-
- <para>Á|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A¦pªG§A¨S¦³¨Ï¥Î &man.moused.8;¡A¦Ó§A¦³¤@­Ó
- IntelliMouse ¦w¸Ë¦b PS/2 ·Æ¹«°ðªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥H¦b
- <filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename> ¸Ì¨Ï¥Î¥H¤Uªº³]©w¡C
- </para>
-
- <example>
- <title>¦b XF86Config ³]©wÀɪº <quote>Pointer</quote>
- °Ï¶ô¤¤¡A¥H X Server §@Âà´«ªººu½ü¹«ªº³]©w½d¨Ò</title>
-
- <programlisting>Section "Pointer"
- Protocol "IntelliMouse"
- Device "/dev/psm0"
- ZAxisMapping 4 5
-EndSection</programlisting>
- </example>
-
- <example>
- <title>¦b XFree86 4.x ¨t¦Cªº XF86Config ³]©wÀɪº
- <quote>InputDevice</quote> °Ï¶ô¤¤¡A¥H X Server §@Âà´«
- ªººu½ü¹«ªº³]©w½d¨Ò</title>
-
- <programlisting>Section "InputDevice"
- Identifier "Mouse1"
- Driver "mouse"
- Option "Protocol" "auto"
- Option "Device" "/dev/psm0"
- Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
-EndSection</programlisting>
- </example>
-
- <example>
- <title>¦b <quote>.emacs</quote> ¤¤¡A³]©wºu½ü¹«ªº­ì¥Í
- ­¶­±ºu°Ê¤ä´©½d¨Ò</title>
- <programlisting>;; wheel mouse
-(global-set-key [mouse-4] 'scroll-down)
-(global-set-key [mouse-5] 'scroll-up)</programlisting>
- </example>
-
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¦w¸Ë <application>imwheel</application></para>
-
- <para>±µ¤U¨Ó¡A±q Ports ¸Ì¦w¸Ë <application>imwheel
- </application>¡C¦b x11 Ãþ§O¸Ì¥i¥H§ä¨ì¥¦¡A¥¦¥i¥H±N
- ºu½ü event ¹ï¬M¨ìÁä½L event¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A¥¦¥i¥H¦b§A
- ±Nºu½ü©¹«e±À®É¡A°e¥X¤@­Ó <keycap>Page Up</keycap>
- ¨ì§AªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¥h¡C<application>Imwheel</application>
- §Q¥Î¤@­Ó³]©wÀÉ¡A¥H«K¹ïÀ³ºu½ü event ¦ÜÁä½L event¡A³o¼Ë
- ¥¦´N¥i¥H¦b¤£¦PªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¤¤¡A°e¥X¤£¦PªºÁä½L«öÁä¡C¹w³]ªº
- <application>imwheel</application> ³]©wÀɬO¦b
- <filename>/usr/X11R6/etc/imwheelrc</filename>¡A¦pªG§A·Q
- ½s¿è¦Û­qªº³]©wÀɪº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H±N¥¦½Æ»s¨ì
- <filename>~/.imwheelrc</filename>¡AµM«á¨Ì§Aªº»Ý­n­×§ï¥¦¡C
- ³]©wÀɪº®æ¦¡¦b &man.imwheel.1; ¸Ì­±¦³¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>³]©w <application>Emacs</application> »P
- <application>Imwheel</application> ¨ó¦P¤u§@
- (<emphasis>¿ï¾Ü©Ê</emphasis>)</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î <application>emacs</application> ©Î¬O
- <application>Xemacs</application> ªº¸Ü¡A¨º§A»Ý­n¦b§Aªº
- <filename>~/.emacs</filename> Àɮ׸̥[¤W¤@¤p¬q³]©w¡C
- <application>emacs</application> ½Ð¥[¤W³o¤@¬q¡G</para>
-
- <example>
- <title><application>Imwheel</application> ªº
- <application>Emacs</application> ³]©w</title>
-
- <programlisting>;;; For imwheel
-(setq imwheel-scroll-interval 3)
-(defun imwheel-scroll-down-some-lines ()
- (interactive)
- (scroll-down imwheel-scroll-interval))
-(defun imwheel-scroll-up-some-lines ()
- (interactive)
- (scroll-up imwheel-scroll-interval))
-(global-set-key [?\M-\C-\)] 'imwheel-scroll-up-some-lines)
-(global-set-key [?\M-\C-\(] 'imwheel-scroll-down-some-lines)
-;;; end imwheel section</programlisting>
- </example>
-
- <para><application>Xemacs</application> «h¦b
- <filename>~/.emacs</filename> Àɸ̥[¤W³o¤@¬q¡G</para>
-
- <example>
- <title><application>Imwheel</application> ªº
- <application>Xemacs</application> ³]©w</title>
-
- <programlisting>;;; For imwheel
-(setq imwheel-scroll-interval 3)
-(defun imwheel-scroll-down-some-lines ()
- (interactive)
- (scroll-down imwheel-scroll-interval))
-(defun imwheel-scroll-up-some-lines ()
- (interactive)
- (scroll-up imwheel-scroll-interval))
-(define-key global-map [(control meta \))] 'imwheel-scroll-up-some-lines)
-(define-key global-map [(control meta \()] 'imwheel-scroll-down-some-lines)
-;;; end imwheel section</programlisting>
- </example>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>°õ¦æ <application>Imwheel</application></para>
-
- <para>¦w¸Ë¤§«á¡A§A¥i¥Hª½±µ¦b xterm ¸ÌÁä¤J <command>imwheel
- </command> ©R¥O¥H°_°Ê¥¦¡C¥¦·|¥H­I´º°õ¦æ¡A¨Ã¥B°¨¤Wµo´§®Ä¥Î¡C
- ¦pªG§A½T©w­nª½±µ¨Ï¥Î <application>imwheel</application>¡A
- ¥u­n§â¥¦¥[¶i§A¦Û¤vªº <filename>.xinitrc</filename> ©Î
- <filename>.xsession</filename> ¤ºÀÉ®×§Y¥i¡C§A¥i¥H¤£ºÞ
- <application>imwheel</application> ©Ò°e¥X¨Ó¦³Ãö PID ÀÉ®×
- ĵ§i¡C¨º¨Çĵ§i¥u¹ï Linux ª©ªº <application>imwheel
- </application> ¦³®Ä¦Ó¤w¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="window-menu-weird">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò X Window ªº¿ï³æ©M¹ï¸Ü®Ø¤£¯à¥¿±`¹B§@¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>§â Num Lock Ãö±¼¸Õ¸Õ¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG±zªº Num Lock ¦b¶}¾÷®Éªº¹w³]­È¬O¶}µÛªº¸Ü¡A±z¥²¶·§â¤U¦C
- ³o¦æ©ñ¨ì <filename>XF86Config</filename> ³]©wÀɤ¤ªº
- <literal>Keyboard</literal> ³¡¥÷¡C</para>
-
- <programlisting># Let the server do the NumLock processing. This should only be
-# required when using pre-R6 clients
- ServerNumLock</programlisting>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="virtual-console">
- <para>¤°»ò¬O virtual console¡H§Ú­n«ç»ò°µ¤~¯à¥Î¦h¤@ÂI¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>²³æ¨Ó»¡¡Avirtual console ´N¬O¥i¥HÅý±z¤£¥²°µ¤Ó¦h½ÆÂøªº³]©w
- ¦p¨Ï¥Îºô¸ô©Î°õ¦æ X ¡A¦Ó¦b¦P¤@»O¾÷¾¹¤W¦P®É°µ¦n´X¥ó¨Æªº¤èªk¡C</para>
-
- <para>·í±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¨ÃÅã¥Ü§¹©Ò¦³¶}¾÷°T®§¤§«á¡A±z´N·|¦b¿Ã¹õ¤W¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó
- login ªº´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡C¦b³o­Ó®É­Ô±z´N¥i¥H¿é¤J±zªº login name ¥H¤Î
- password ¡AµM«á´N¥i¥H¦b²Ä¤@­Ó virtual console ¤W¶}©l¤u§@¤F
- (©ÎªÌ¶}©lª±¡I) ¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦b¬Y¨Ç±¡ªp¤U¡A±z¥i¯à·|·Q­n§@¨ä¥Lªº¤u§@¡A¨Ò¦p»¡¬O¬Ý¬Ý±z¥¿¦b
- °õ¦æªºµ{¦¡ªº»¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A©Î¬O·í±z¦b FTP ¶Ç¿éªºµ¥«Ý®É¶¡¤¤¬Ý¬Ý±zªº
- ¶l¥ó¡C±z¥u»Ý­n«ö Alt-F2 («ö¦í Alt Á䤣©ñ¡A¨Ã«ö¤U F2 Áä) ¡AµM«á
- ±z´N·|¦b²Ä¤G­Ó <quote>virtual console</quote> ¤W¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó login
- ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡I·í±z·Q­n¦^¨ì­ì¨Óªº¤u§@®É¡A½Ð«ö Alt-F1¡C</para>
-
- <para>FreeBSD ¦b¦w¸Ë®Éªº¹w³]­È¬O¨Ï¥Î¤T­Ó virtual console
- (3.3-RELEASE «á¬°¤K­Ó)¡A±z¥i¥H¥Î Alt-F1¡AAlt-F2¡A¥H¤Î Alt-F3
- ¦b¥¦­Ì¤§¶¡°µ¤Á´«¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG±z·Q­n¦h¤@ÂI virtual console ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥u»Ý­n½s¿è
- <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ³o­ÓÀÉ (½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &man.ttys.5;)¡A
- ¦b <quote>Virtual terminals</quote> ³o­Óµù¸Ñ«á­±¥[¤J
- <devicename>ttyv4</devicename> ¨ì <devicename>ttyvc</devicename>
- ªºÄæ¦ì¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting># Edit the existing entry for ttyv3 in /etc/ttys and change
-# "off" to "on".
-ttyv3 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
-ttyv4 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
-ttyv5 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
-ttyv6 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
-ttyv7 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
-ttyv8 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
-ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
-ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
-ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure</programlisting>
-
- <para>±z·Q¥Î´X­Ó´N³]´X­Ó¡C±z³]¶V¦h virtual terminal ¡A¥¦­Ì´N¥Î±¼
- ¶V¦h¨t²Î¸ê·½¡F¦pªG±z¥u¦³¤£¨ì 8MB ªº°O¾ÐÅ骺¸Ü¡A³o¼vÅT´N¤j¤F¡C
- ±z¥i¯à¤]·|·Q§â <literal>secure</literal> ´«¦¨
- <literal>insecure</literal>¡C</para>
-
- <important>
- <para>¦pªG±z·Q­n°õ¦æ X ªº¸Ü¡A±z <emphasis>¥²¶·</emphasis>
- ¬°¥¦«O¯d (©ÎÃö±¼) ¦Ü¤Ö¤@­Ó virtual terminal ¡C³o´N¬O»¡¡A¦pªG
- ±z·Q¦b«ö¤Q¤G­Ó Alt ¥\¯àÁä®É³£¦³ login ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡A¦Ó¥B¤S¦b¦P¤@
- ³¡¹q¸£¤W¤]·Q°õ¦æ X ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò³o¯u¬O¤Ó¤£©¯¤F - ±z¥u¯à¥Î¤Q¤@­Ó¡C
- </para>
- </important>
-
- <para>¨ú®ø¤@­Ó console ³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O§â¥¦Ãö±¼¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG
- ±z¹³¤W­±Á¿ªº¤@¼Ë³]©w¤F¥þ³¡ªº 12 ­Ó terminal ¨Ã¥B·Q­n°õ¦æ X ¡A
- ±z¥²»Ý§â virtual terminal 12 ±q¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure</programlisting>
-
- <para>³]¦¨¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure</programlisting>
-
- <para>¦pªG±zªºÁä½L¥u¦³ 10 ­Ó¥\¯àÁ䪺¸Ü¡A±z´N­n§ï¦¨³o¼Ë¡G</para>
-
-<programlisting>ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure
-ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure
-ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure</programlisting>
-
- <para>(±z¤]¥i¥Hª½±µ§â³o´X¦æ¬å±¼¡C)</para>
-
- <para>¤@¥¹±z§ï¤F <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>¡A¤U¤@­Ó¨BÆJ´N¬O­n
- ½T©w±z¦³¨¬°÷ªº virtual terminal ¸Ë¸m¡C³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV vty12</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>¦A¹L¨Ó¡A·Q­n±Ò°Ê³o¨Ç virtual console ³Ì²³æ (¤]¬O³Ì°®²b)
- ªº°µªk´N¬O­«¶}¾÷¡CµM«á¡A¦pªG±z¤£·Q­«¶}¾÷ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H§â X Window
- Ãö±¼¡AµM«á¥Î <username>root</username> ªº¨­¥÷°õ¦æ¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -HUP 1</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>·í±z°õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O«e¡A±z¤@©w­n§¹¥þ§â X Window Ãö±¼¡C¦pªG
- ±z¤£³o»ò°µªº¸Ü¡A±zªº¨t²Î¥i¯à·|¦b±z°õ¦æ kill ©R¥O«á¥X²{·í±¼©Î
- Âꦺªº±¡ªp¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="vty-from-x">
- <para>§Ú­n«ç»ò±q X ¤Á´«¨ì virtual console¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>½Ð¥Î <keycombo action="simul">
- <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
- <keycap>Alt</keycap>
- <keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap>
- </keycombo> ¥H¤Á¦^¦Ü virtual console¡C
- <keycombo action="simul">
- <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
- <keycap>Alt</keycap>
- <keycap>F1</keycap>
- </keycombo> ¥i¥H¤Á¦^¦Ü²Ä¤@­Ó virtual console¡C</para>
-
- <para>·í§A¤Á¦^¦Ü¤å¦r console «á¡A§A´N¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤@¯ë
- <keycombo action="simul">
- <keycap>Alt</keycap>
- <keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap>
- </keycombo> «öÁä²Õ¦X¡A¦b¦U console ¤§¶¡¤Á´«¡C</para>
-
- <para>­n¦^¨ì X ªº¸Ü¡A§A¥²¶·¤Á¦^¦Ü°õ¦æ X ªº virtual console¡C
- ¦pªG§A¬O±q©R¥O¦C¸Ì°_°Ê X ªº¸Ü (¨Ò¦p¨Ï¥Î <command>startx</command>
- «ü¥O)¡A¨º»ò X ·|¨Ìªþ¦b¤U¤@­Ó¥¼¨Ï¥Îªº virtual console¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¥¦³Q
- °_°Êªº¤å¦r console¡C¦pªG§A¦³¤K­Ó¨Ï¥Î¤¤ªº virtual terminal¡A¨º»ò
- X ´N·|¦b²Ä¤E­Ó¤W°õ¦æ¡A§A´N¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î
- <keycombo action="simul">
- <keycap>Alt</keycap>
- <keycap>F9</keycap>
- </keycombo> ¥Hªð¦^¦Ü X ¤¤¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="xdm-boot">
- <para>§Ú­n«ç»ò°µ¤~¯à¦b¶}¾÷®É±Ò°Ê XDM¡H</para>
- </question><answer>
-
- <para>¦³¨âºØ¤èªk¥i¥H±Ò°Ê <ulink
- url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&amp;query=xdm">
- xdm</ulink>¡C¤@ºØ¤èªk¬O±q <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ¨Ó±Ò°Ê¡A
- ¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò &man.ttys.5; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¤¤ªº½d¨Ò¡F¥t¤@ºØ¤èªk¬O¦b
- <filename>rc.local</filename> (½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &man.rc.8;) °õ¦æ xdm¡A©Î¬O
- ¦b <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename> ©ñ¤@­Ó
- <filename>X.sh</filename>¡C³o¨âºØ¤èªk³£¬O¦Xªkªº¡A¦pªG±z¸Õ¬Y¤@ºØ
- ¤èªkµL®Äªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¥t¥~¤@ºØ¡C³o¨âºØ¤èªkªºµ²ªG¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡GX
- ·|Åã¥Ü¤@­Ó¹Ï§Î¤Æªº login: ´£¥Ü¡C</para>
-
- <para>¥Î ttys ªº¤èªkªºÀuÂI¡A¦b©ó«ü©ú¤F X ¦b±Ò°Ê®É¨ì©³¬O¥Î¨º­Ó vty¡A
- ¨Ã¥B±N logout ®É­«·s±Ò°Ê X server ªº³d¥ô¥áµ¹ init¡C rc.local
- ªº¤èªk«h¬O¦b·í±Ò°Ê X ¥X¤F°ÝÃD®É¡A¥i¥H«Ü»´ÃP¦a§â xdm ±þ±¼¨Ó¸Ñ¨M
- °ÝÃD¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG¬O¥Î rc.local ªº¤èªk¡A¦b°õ¦æ <command>xdm</command>
- ®É±z¤£¯à¥[¥ô¦ó°Ñ¼Æ¡]¤]´N¬O¶]¦¨ daemon¡^¡C¥²¶·¦b getty °õ¦æ«á
- ¤~¯à±Ò°Ê xdm¡A§_«h getty ©M xdm ·|¤¬¬Û½Ä¬ð¦ÓÂê¦í console¡C³Ì¦nªº
- ¤è¦¡¬O¦b script ¤¤¥[­Ó sleep¡AÅý¥¦¼È°± 10 ¬íÄÁ¥ª¥k¡A±µµÛ¤~°õ¦æ
- xdm¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG§A¬O±q <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ±Ò°Ê
- <command>xdm</command>¡A<command>xdm</command> »P &man.getty.8;
- ¤´¦³¾÷·|¤¬¬Û½Ä¬ð¡C¤@­ÓÁ×§K¥¦ªº¤èªk¡A´N¬O¦b
- <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers</filename> Àɮפ¤¥[¤J
- <literal>vt</literal> ¼Æ¦r¡C</para>
-
- <programlisting>:0 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X vt4</programlisting>
-
- <para>¤W­±ªº¨Ò¤l¤¤¡A·|«ü¥Ü X server ¦b <devicename>/dev/ttyv3
- </devicename> ¤¤°õ¦æ¡C½Ðª`·N¼Æ¦r¬O®t¤@ªº¡CX server ±q¤@¶}©l¼Æ
- vty¡A¦Ó FreeBSD ®Ö¤ß«h¬O±q¹s¶}©l¼Æ vty ªº¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="xconsole-failure">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò·í§Ú°õ¦æ xconsole ®É¡Aµo¥Í¤F
- <errorname>Couldn't open console</errorname> ªº¿ù»~¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦pªG§A¬O¥Î <command>startx</command> ¨Ó±Ò°Ê <command>startx
- </command> ªº¸Ü¡A<devicename>/dev/console</devicename> ªºÅv­­¨Ã
- <emphasis>¤£·|</emphasis> §ïÅÜ¡Aµ²ªG´N¬O <command>xterm -C
- </command> ©M <command>xconsole</command> ³oÃþªºµ{¦¡µLªk
- ¥¿±`°õ¦æ¡C</para>
-
- <para>³o¤@¤Áªº°ÝÃD¡A³£¬O¦]¬° console ªºÅv­­¬O±Ä¥Î¨t²Î¹w³]­È¡C
- ¦b¤@­Ó¦h¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¨t²Î¸Ì¡A§Ú­Ì¤£§Æ±æ¨C­Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£¥i¥Hª½±µ¼g¤J¨t²Î
- console ¡C¦pªG¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¬O±q¾÷¾¹ªº VTY ª½±µ login ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò
- &man.fbtab.5; ¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M³oÃþªº°ÝÃD¡C</para>
-
- <para>²³æ¦a»¡¡A½Ð½T«O <filename>/etc/fbtab</filename> (½Ð°Ñ¦Ò
- &man.fbtab.5;) ³o­ÓÀɮפ¤ªº³o¤@¦æ¨S¦³³Qµù¸Ñ±¼¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>/dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/console</programlisting>
-
- <para>³o¤@¦æ³]©wªº¦s¦b¥i¥H½T«O±q <devicename>/dev/ttyv0</devicename>
- µn¤Jªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¥H±±¨î console¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="xfree86-root">
- <para>¥H«e§Ú¥i¥H¥H¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌ°õ¦æ XFree86¡A¬°¤°»ò²{¦b¥¦»¡§Ú¤@©w­n
- ¥H <username>root</username> ¤~¯à°õ¦æ¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>©Ò¦³ªº X server ³£»Ý­n¥H <username>root</username> ¨Ó°õ¦æ¡A
- ¤~¯àª½±µ¦s¨ú§Aªºµø°TµwÅé¡Cª©¥»ªº XFree86 (&lt;= 3.3.6) ·|¦Û°Ê
- ±N©Òªþªº server ¥H§Q¥Î <username>root</username> ¨­¥÷°õ¦æªº¤è¦¡
- ¦w¸Ë°_¨Ó (setuid ¬° <username>root</username>)¡C¥Ñ©ó X server
- ³£¬OÅé¿nÃe¤j¤S½ÆÂøªºµ{¦¡¡AÅã¦Ó©ö¨£¦a¡A³o¬O¤@­Ó¦w¥þ¤Wªº¨aÃø¡C
- ¦]¬°³o­Ó­ì¦]¡A·sª©ªº XFree86 ´N¤£±N³o¨Ç server ¥H setuid ¬°
- <username>root</username> ªº¤è¦¡¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
-
- <para>«Ü©úÅã¦a¡A§Ú­Ì§¹¥þµLªk±µ¨ü±N X server ¥H
- <username>root</username> ªº¨­¥÷°õ¦æ¡C°_½X´N¦w¥þ¤W¤£¬O­Ó¦n¥D·N¡C
- ¦³¨âºØ¤èªk¥i¥H¥H¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¨­¥÷¨Ï¥Î X¡C²Ä¤@¬O§Q¥Î
- <command>xdm</command> ©Î¬O¨ä¥¦ªº display manager (¨Ò¦p
- <command>kdm</command>)¡F²Ä¤G¬O§Q¥Î <command>Xwrapper</command>¡C
- </para>
-
- <para><command>xdm</command> ¬O¤@­Ó³B²z¹Ï§Î¬É­±µn¤Jªº daemon¡C
- ¥¦³q±`¦b¶}¾÷®É°õ¦æ°_¨Ó¡A¦Ó¥B­t³d¹ï¨Ï¥ÎªÌ§@¨­¥÷»{ÃÒ¡A¥H¤Î°_°Ê
- ¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¤u§@Àô¹Ò¡F¥¦¥i»¡¬O¹Ï§ÎÀô¹Ò¤Uªº &man.getty.8; »P
- &man.login.1; ªº¹ïÀ³µ{¦¡¡C·Q±oª¾§ó¦h¦³Ãö <command>xdm</command>
- ªº¸ê°T¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ulink url="http://www.xfree86.org/support.html">
- XFree86 ¤å¥ó</ulink>¡A¥H¤Î¨ä <link linkend="xdm-boot">FAQ
- ¶µ¥Ø</link>¡C</para>
-
- <para><command>Xwrapper</command> ¬O X server ªº¥]¸Ëµ{¦¡¡F¥¦¥i¥H
- Åý¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¥H¤â°Ê°_°Ê X server ªº¤p¤u¨ã¡A¦ÓÁÙ¯àºû«ù¤@©wªº¦w¥þ
- Àô¹Ò¡C¥¦·|Àˬd¶Ç¤Jªº©R¥O¦C°Ñ¼Æ¡A¦pªG¨S°ÝÃDªº¸Ü¡A´N°_°Ê¾A·íªº
- X server¡C¦pªG§A¦]¬°¬YºØ²z¥Ñ¦Ó¤£·Q°õ¦æ display manager ªº¸Ü¡A
- ¥¦¬O¬°§A¦Ó³]©wªº¡C¦pªG§A¦w¸Ë¤F§¹¾ãªº ports¡A§A¥i¥H¦b
- <filename>/usr/ports/x11/wrapper</filename> ¤¤§ä¨ì¥¦¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ps2-x">
- <para>§Úªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«¦b X ¤¤¦³ÂI¤£¥¿±`¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>±zªº·Æ¹«©M±zªº·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥i¯à¦s¦b¦³¤£¦P¨Bªº²{¶H¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦b 2.2.5 ¥H¤Î§ó¦­ªº¨t²Î¸Ì¡A±q X ¤Á¨ì virtual terminal µM«á
- ¦A¤Á¦^¨Ó´N¥i¥H¨Ï¥¦­Ì­«·s°µ¦P¨Bªº°Ê§@¡C¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃD±`±`µo¥Íªº¸Ü¡A
- ±z¥i¥H¦b±zªº kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤¥[¤J¤U­±³o­Ó¿ï¶µµM«á­«·s½sĶ¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>options PSM_CHECKSYNC</programlisting>
-
- <para>¦pªG±z¨S¦³«Ø¥ß kernel ªº¸gÅç¡A½Ð¬Ý
- <link linkend="make-kernel">¦Û­q®Ö¤ß</link> ³o¤@¸`¡C</para>
-
- <para>¥[¤W³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¥H«á¡A·Æ¹«©M·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¶¡ªº¦P¨B°ÝÃDÀ³¸Ó´N¤ñ¸û
- ¤£·|¥X²{¤F¡C¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃD¤´µM¦s¦bªº¸Ü¡A¦b²¾°Ê·Æ¹«®É«ö«ö·Æ¹««öÁä
- ¥i¥H¨Ï·Æ¹«©M·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡­«·s°µ¦P¨Bªº°Ê§@¡C</para>
-
- <para>¸Óª`·Nªº¬O³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¨Ã¤£¬O¹ï¨C¤@­Ó¨t²Î³£¦³®Ä¡A¥¦¥i¯à·|Åý±µ¦b
- PS/2 ·Æ¹«¦ì¸mªº ALPS GlidePoint ¸Ë¸m¥¢¥h <quote>tap</quote>
- ³o¶µ¥\¯à¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦b 2.2.6 ¤Î¨ä«áªºª©¥»¡A¦P¨Bªº½T»{¤w¸g¦³¤F¸û¦nªº¸Ñ¨M¿ìªk¡A
- ¦Ó¥B³o¨Ç³£¤w¸g¬O PS/2 ·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº¼Ð·Ç¤F¡C³o­Ó¤èªk¤]¥i¥H¦b
- GlidePoint ¤W¥¿±`¤u§@¡C (¦]¬°½T»{ªºµ{¦¡½X¤w¸g¦¨¬°¤@­Ó¼Ð·Ç¥\¯à¡A
- ©Ò¥H¦b³o¨Çª©¥»¤¤§Ú­Ì¤£¦b´£¨Ñ PSM_CHECKSYNC ªº¿ï¶µ¤F¡C) ¤£¹L¦b
- ·¥¤Ö¼Æªº®×¨Ò¤¤¡A³o¨ÇÅX°Êµ{¦¡·|»~³ø¦P¨B©Ê¿ù»~¡AµM«á±z´N·|¬Ý¨ì
- ³o¼Ëªº®Ö¤ß°T®§¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>psmintr: out of sync (xxxx != yyyy)</programlisting>
-
- <para>µM«á±z´N·|µo²{±zªº·Æ¹«¤£¯à¥¿±`¹B§@¤F¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG±zµo¥Í¤F³o¼Ëªºª¬ªp¡A±z¥²¶·Âǥѧâ PS/2 ·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº flag
- ³]¦¨ 0x100 ¨Ó§â¦P¨B½T»{ªºµ{¦¡½Xµ¹¨ú®ø±¼¡CµM«á¦b¶}¾÷´£¥Ü²Å¸¹®É¥Î
- <option>-c</option> ¿ï¶µ¨Ó¶i¤J <emphasis>UserConfig</emphasis>¡G
- </para>
-
- <screen>boot: <userinput>-c</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>µM«á¡A¦b <emphasis>UserConfig</emphasis> ©R¥O¦C¤¤Áä¤J¡G</para>
-
- <screen>UserConfig&gt; <userinput>flags psm0 0x100</userinput>
-UserConfig&gt; <userinput>quit</userinput></screen>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ps2-mousesystems">
- <para>§Úªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«¤£¯à³z¹L MouseSystem ¨Ó¹B§@¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦³¤@¨Ç³ø§i«ü¥X¬Y¨Ç¼tµPªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«¥u¯à¦b
- <quote>°ª¸ÑªR«×</quote> ª¬ºA¤U¤~¯à¹B§@¡C¦pªG¤£¬Oªº¸Ü¡A·Æ¹«´å¼Ð
- ·|±`±`¶]¨ì¿Ã¹õªº¥ª¤W¨¤¥h¡C</para>
-
- <para>«D±`¤£©¯ªº¡A³o­Ó°ÝÃD¦b 2.0.X ©M 2.1.X ¤U¬OµL¸Ñªº¡C¦b 2.2
- ¨ì 2.2.5 ª©¡A±z¥i¥H¹ï <filename>/sys/i386/isa/psm.c</filename>
- ¨Ï¥Î¤U¦C patch µM«á­««Ø±zªº®Ö¤ß¡C¦pªG±z¨S¦³«Ø¥ß kernel ªº¸gÅç¡A
- ½Ð¬Ý <link linkend="make-kernel">¦Û­q®Ö¤ß</link> ³o¸`¡C</para>
-
- <programlisting>@@ -766,6 +766,8 @@
- if (verbose &gt;= 2)
- log(LOG_DEBUG, "psm%d: SET_DEFAULTS return code:%04x\n",
- unit, i);
-+ set_mouse_resolution(sc-&gt;kbdc, PSMD_RES_HIGH);
-+
- #if 0
- set_mouse_scaling(sc-&gt;kbdc); /* 1:1 scaling */
- set_mouse_mode(sc-&gt;kbdc); /* stream mode */</programlisting>
-
- <para>¦b 2.2.6 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¡A¦b PS/2 ·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤¤³]©w 0x04 ªº
- flag ·|§â·Æ¹«³]¦¨°ª¸ÑªR«×¼Ò¦¡¡C¦b¶}¾÷´£¥Ü²Å¸¹®É¥Î
- <option>-c</option> ¿ï¶µ¨Ó¶i¤J <emphasis>UserConfig</emphasis>¡G
- </para>
-
- <screen>boot: <userinput>-c</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>µM«á¡A¦b <emphasis>UserConfig</emphasis> ªº©R¥O¦C¤¤Áä¤J¡G
- </para>
-
- <screen>UserConfig&gt; <userinput>flags psm0 0x04</userinput>
-UserConfig&gt; <userinput>quit</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>«e¤@¸`¦³´£¨ì¥t¤@­Ó¥i¯à¾É­P·Æ¹«°ÝÃDªº­ì¦]¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="imake-tmpl">
- <para>·í§Ú«Ø¥ß X µ{¦¡®É¡A<command>imake</command> »¡¥¦§ä¤£¨ì
- <filename>Imake.tmpl</filename>¡C¥¦¦b­þ¨à¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
-
- <para><filename>Imake.tmpl</filename> ¬O Imake ®M¥óªº¤@³¡¥÷¡AImake
- ¬O¼Ð·Çªº«Ø¥ß X µ{¦¡ªº¤u¨ã¡C <filename>Imake.tmpl</filename>
- ©M¨ä¥L¼Æ­Ó header file ¤@¼Ë¬O«Ø¥ß X µ{¦¡ªº¥²­nÀɮסA±z¥i¥H¦b
- X prog distribution ¤¤§ä¨ì¥¦­Ì¡C±z¥i¥H¥Î sysinstall(&os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>)
- ¨Ó¦w¸Ë©Î¬Oª½±µ±q X distribution ¤¤¤â°Ê¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="xfree86-version">
- <para>§Ú¦b build ¤@­Ó X À³¥Îµ{¦¡¡A¥¦»Ý­n XFree86 3.3.x¡A¦ý¬O
- §Ú¤w¸g¦w¸Ë XFree86 4.x ¤F¡C§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>­n§i¶D port ¦b½s͵{¦¡®É¡A¨Ï¥Î XFree86 4.x ¨ç¦¡®w¡A§A¥i¥H
- ¦b <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ¸Ì (¦pªG§A¨S¦³³o­ÓÀÉ¡A
- ½Ð«Ø¥ß¥¦) ¥[¤W¤U­±³o¤@¦æ¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>XFREE86_VERSION= 4</programlisting>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="mouse-button-reverse">
- <para>§Ú­n«ç»ò°µ¤~¯à³]©w¥ªºJ¤l¥Îªº·Æ¹«¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦b±zªº <filename>.xinitrc</filename> ©Î¬O
- <filename>.xsession</filename> ¤¤°õ¦æ
- <literal>xmodmap -e "pointer = 3 2 1"</literal> ªº«ü¥O¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="install-splash">
- <para>­n¦p¦ó¦w¸Ë splash ¹Ï§ÎÅã¥Üµ{¦¡¡H¨º¸Ì¥i¥H§ä±o¨ì©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
-
- <para>´N¦bµo¦æ FreeBSD 3.1 ¤§«e¡A§Ú­Ì¥[¶i¤F¦b¶}¾÷®ÉÅã¥Ü
- <quote>splash</quote> ¹Ï§Îªº·s¥\¯à¡C¥Ø«e¥Î¨ÓÅã¥Ü¦b¿Ã¹õ¤WªºÀÉ®×
- ¥²¶·¬O 256 ¦âªºÂI¯x°}¹Ï§Î (<filename>*.BMP</filename>) ©Î ZSoft
- PCX(<filename>*.PCX</filename>) ªº®æ¦¡¡C°£¦¹¤§¥~¡A¸ÑªR«×¤]¥²¶·¦b
- 320x200 ¥H¤U¡A¤~¯à©M¼Ð·Ç VGA Åã¥Ü¥d·f°t¨Ï¥Î¡C¦pªG±z½sĶ kernel
- ®É¦³¥[¤J VESA ¤ä´©¡A¨º»ò³Ì¤j¸ÑªR«×¥i¥H¨ì 1024x768¡Cª`·N VESA ªº
- ¤ä´©»Ý­n¥[¤J <literal>VM86</literal> ³o­Ó kernel ¿ï¶µ¡CVESA
- ¤ä´©¹ê»Ú¤W¥i¥H¦b½sĶ kernel ®É¥[¤J <literal>VESA</literal> ¿ï¶µ¡B
- ©Î¸ü¤J VESA ªº kld module ¨Ó¹F¦¨¡C</para>
-
- <para>±z­n­×§ï±±¨î FreeBSD ¶}¾÷¨BÆJªº³]©wÀÉ¡A¤~¯à¨Ï¥Î splash
- Åã¥Ü¹Ï§Îªº¥\¯à¡C³]©wÀɦbµo¦æ FreeBSD 3.2 «e¦³¨Ç§ó°Ê¡A©Ò¥H²{¦b
- ¦³¨â­Ó¤èªk¥i¥H¸ü¤J splash ªº¥\¯à¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>FreeBSD 3.1</para>
-
- <para>¥ý¿ï¥X¥Î¨ÓÅã¥Ü¦b¿Ã¹õ¤Wªº¹Ï§Î¡A3.1 ª©¥u¤ä´© Windows
- ªºÂI¯x°}®æ¦¡¡C¿ï¦n¤F±z­nªº¹ÏÀÉ«á¡A±N¥¦«þ¨ì <filename>
- /boot/splash.bmp</filename>¡C±µµÛ§â¤U­±´X¦æ¥[¤J
- <filename>/boot/loader.rc</filename> ¤¤¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>load kernel
-load -t splash_image_data /boot/splash.bmp
-load splash_bmp
-autoboot</programlisting>
-
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>FreeBSD 3.2+</para>
-
- <para>°£¤F¥[¤J¹ï PCX Àɮתº¤ä´©¥~¡AFreeBSD 3.2 ¤]§ï¶i¤F
- ¶}¾÷µ{§Çªº³]©w¤è¦¡¡C¦pªG±zÄ@·Nªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H¥Î¤W­z FreeBSD 3.1
- ªº¤èªk¡A±N <literal>splash_bmp</literal> ´«¦¨
- <literal>splash_pcx</literal> ¨Ó¸ü¤J PCX ÀÉ®×§Y¥i¡C
- ¦pªG·Q¥Î·sªº³]©w¤è¦¡¡A±zªº <filename>/boot/loader.rc
- </filename> ¥²¶·¥]¬A³o´X¦æ¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>include /boot/loader.4th
-start</programlisting>
-
- <para>Áٻݭn¤@­Ó¥]§t¥H¤U´X¦æªº <filename>/boot/loader.conf
- </filename>¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>splash_bmp_load="YES"
-bitmap_load="YES"</programlisting>
-
- <para>³o¬O°²³]±z¥Î <filename>/boot/splash.bmp</filename>
- ¨Ó·í§@ splash ªº¿Ã¹õÅã¥Ü¡C¦pªG·Q¥Î PCX ªºÀɮסA§â¥¦«þ¦¨
- <filename>/boot/splash.pcx</filename>¡A¦p¤W­z°µ¥X
- <filename>/boot/loader.rc</filename>¡A¦A±N³o´X¦æ¥[¨ì
- <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> ¤¤¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>splash_pcx_load="YES"
-bitmap_load="YES"
-bitmap_name="/boot/splash.pcx"</programlisting>
-
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>²{¦b´N¥u³Ñ¤U splash ¥Î¨ÓÅã¥Üªº¹ÏÀÉ¡A±z¥i¥H¦b
- <ulink url="http://www.baldwin.cx/splash/">http://www.baldwin.cx/splash/</ulink> §ä¨ì¦UºØ¼Ë«~¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="windows-keys">
- <para>§Ú¯à¦b X ¸Ì¨Ï¥ÎÁä½L¤Wªº <trademark class="registered">Windows
- </trademark> ¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥i¥H¡C§A©Ò­n§@ªº¡A´N¬O§Q¥Î &man.xmodmap.1; ¥h©w¸q§A·Q¨Ï¥Î
- ªº¥\¯à¡C</para>
-
- <para>°²³]©Ò¦³ªº <quote><trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark></quote> ³£¬O¼Ð·Çªº¡A
- ¨º¥¦­Ìªº keycode ¤À§O¬°¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>115 - <trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark> Áä¡A
- ¦b¥ª¤âªº Ctrl »P Alt Á䤧¶¡</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>116 - <trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark> Áä¡A
- ¦b Alt-Gr Áä¥kÃä</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>117 - ¿ï³æÁä¡A¥k¤âªº Ctrl Á䥪Ãä</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>­nÅý¥ªÃ䪺 <trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark>
- Áä¦L¥X¤@­Ó³rÂI¡A¸Õ¸Õ³o­Ó¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>xmodmap -e "keycode 115 = comma"</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>§A¥i¯à­n­«¶]§Aªº windows manager¡A¤~·|¦³°Ê§@¡C</para>
-
- <para>­nÅý <trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark> Áä
- ªº¹ï¬M¦b¨C¦¸ X °_°Ê®É¦Û°Ê³]©w¦n¡A§A¥i¥H¦b§Aªº
- <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> ¸Ì¥[¤W <command>xmodmap</command>¡A
- ©Î¬O³Ì¦n«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó <filename>~/.xmodmaprc</filename> ÀɮסA¸Ì­±
- ¨C¤@¦æ´N¬O¤@­Ó <command>xmodmap</command> ªº¿ï¶µ¡AµM«á¦b§Aªº
- <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> ¸Ì¥[¤W¡G</para>
-
-
- <programlisting>xmodmap $HOME/.xmodmaprc</programlisting>
-
- <para>³o¤@¦æ¡C</para>
-
- <para>¨Ò¦p¡A§A·Q­n±N³o¤T­ÓÁä¦U¹ï¬M¨ì F13¡BF14 ©M F15¡C³oÅý§A¯à
- ¦b§Aªºµ{¦¡©Î¬O window manager ¤º±N¨ä¹ïÀ³¨ì«K§Qªº¥\¯à¤W¡Aµ¥¤@¤U
- §Ú­Ì·|¥Ü½d¡C</para>
-
- <para>§â³o¨Ç©ñ¶i <filename>~/.xmodmaprc</filename> ¸Ì¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>keycode 115 = F13
-keycode 116 = F14
-keycode 117 = F15</programlisting>
-
- <para>°²¦p§A¥Î <command>fvwm2</command> ªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥H§@³o¼Ëªº¹ï¬M¡A
- Åý F13 ¯à°÷Åý´å¼Ð©Ò¦bªºµøµ¡ÁY¦¨¤p¹Ï¥Ü (©Î¬O¤Ï¹L¨Ó)¡CF14 Åý´å¼Ð
- ©Ò¦bªºµøµ¡Åܦ¨³Ì¤W¼hªºµøµ¡¡A©Î¬O°h¨ì¤U¼h¥h (¦pªG¥¦¤w¸g¬O³Ì¤W¼h
- ¤Fªº¸Ü)¡CF15 «h±N Workplace (application) ¿ï³æ¥s¥X¨Ó¡A§Y¨Ï´å¼Ð
- ¤£¦b®à­±¤W¡C·í§A¨S¦³¥i¨£ªº®à­±°Ï°ì®É¡A³o­Ó¥\¯à´N¬Û·í¦a¤è«K (¦Ó¥B
- «öÁä¤Wªº¹Ï®×©M³o­Ó¥\¯à¬Û§k¦X)¡C</para>
-
- <para>¥H¤Uªº <filename>~/.fvwmrc</filename> ³]©w¥i§@¥X«e­zªº¥\¯à¡C
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>Key F13 FTIWS A Iconify
-Key F14 FTIWS A RaiseLower
-Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="x-3d-acceleration">
- <para>§Ú­n«ç»ò¼Ë¤~¯à±o¨ì OpenGL ªº 3D µwÅé¥[³t¥\¯à¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>3D ¥[³t¥\¯àªº¦³µL¡Aµø§A©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº XFree86 ª©¥»»PÅã¥Ü´¹¤ù
- ªº«¬¸¹¦Ó©w¡C¦pªG§Aªº¬O NVIDIA ´¹¤ùªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¥h
- <ulink url="http://nvidia.netexplorer.org/">FreeBSD NVIDIA
- Driver Initiative </ulink> ºô­¶¬Ý¬Ý¡A¨º¸Ì¦³¦b XFree86-4 ¤W¨Ï¥Î
- NVIDIA ´¹¤ùªº 3D ¥[³t¥\¯àªº°Q½×¡CXFree86-4 ¤Wªº¨ä¥¦Åã¥Ü¥d¼tµP
- µwÅé¥[³t¥\¯àªº¸ê°T¡A ¥]¬A Matrox G200/G400, ATI Rage 128/Radeon,
- 3dfx Voodoo 3, 4, 5, ¥H¤Î Banshee¡A¥i¦b <ulink
- url="http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~eanholt/dri/">XFree86-4
- Direct Rendering on FreeBSD</ulink> ºô­¶¤W§ä¨ì¡CXFree 3.3 ªº
- ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î Utah-GLX port¡A¥¦¥i¥H¦b
- <filename role="package">graphics/utah-glx</filename> §ä¨ì¡C
- ¨Ï¥Î¥¦¥i¥H¦b Matrox Gx00, ATI Rage Pro, SiS 6326, i810,
- Savage, ¥H¤Îªº NVIDIA ¤W±o¨ì¦³­­ªº OpenGL ¥[³t¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="networking">
- <chapterinfo>
- <author>
- <firstname>Biing Jong</firstname>
- <surname>Lin</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address><email>bjlin@stic.gov.tw</email></address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </chapterinfo>
-
- <title>Networking</title>
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="diskless-booting">
- <para>§ÚÀ³¸Ó¨ì­þÃä§ä¦³ÃöµLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷
- <quote>diskless booting</quote> ªº¸ê®Æ¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para><quote>Diskless booting</quote> ´N¬OÅý FreeBSD ¥D¾÷±qºô¸ô
- ¤W¶}¾÷¡A¨Ã¥B±qºô¸ô¤Wªº server ¤WŪ¨ú¨ä¥L¥²­nªºÀɮסA¦Ó«D¥Ñ¥D¾÷
- ªºµwºÐ¤W¨ú±o³o¨ÇÀɮסC¸Ô²Óªº¸ê®Æ¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò <ulink
- url="../handbook/diskless.html"> FreeBSD ¤â¥UªºµLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷½g
- </ulink>¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="router">
- <para>FreeBSD ªº¥D¾÷¥i¥H·í§@¬Y­Óºô¸ô¤Wªº¸ô¥Ñ¾¹(router)¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¬Oªº¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò FreeBSD ¤â¥Uªººô¸ô¶i¶¥½g <ulink
- url="../handbook/routing.html"> advanced
- networking</ulink>¡A¤×¨ä¬O¸ô¥Ñ»P¹h¹D¾¹ <ulink
- url="../handbook/routing.html#DEDICATED-ROUTER">routing
- and gateways</ulink>ªº³¡¤À¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="win95-connection">
- <para>§Ú¥i¥H³z¹L FreeBSD ±N§Úªº Win95 ¾÷¾¹³s¤W Internet ¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>°ò¥»¤W¡A·|°Ý³oºØ°ÝÃDªº¤H¦b®a¸Ì¦Ü¤Ö¦³¨â¥x¹q¸£¡A¤@¥x¶] FreeBSD
- ¥t¥~¤@¥x¶] Win95¡F³o­Ó·Qªk¬O±N FreeBSD ¥D¾÷³s¤W Internet¡AµM«á³z
- ¹L³o¥x FreeBSD ¥D¾÷¡AÅý¶] Win95 ªº¹q¸£¯à°÷¤Wºô¡C³o­Ó°ÝÃDºâ¬O«e¤@
- ­Ó°ÝÃDªº¤@­Ó¯S¨Ò</para> <para>... µª®×¬O¡G¥i¥Hªº¡I¦b FreeBSD 3.x
- ª©¤¤¡A¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡(user-mode)ªº &man.ppp.8; ¥]§t¤F
- <option>-nat</option> ¿ï¶µ¡C¦pªG§A¦b
- <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¨Ï¥Î<option>-nat</option>¿ï¶µ¨Ã
- ³]©w <literal>gateway_enable</literal> ¬° <emphasis>YES</emphasis>
- ¡A¥H³oºØ³]©w±Ò°Ê &man.ppp.8; ¡A¨Ã¥B¥¿½Tªº³]©w§Aªº Windows ¥D¾÷ªº
- ¸Ü¡A³o­Ó°µªkÀ³¸Ó¬O¥i¥H¥¿±`¨Ï¥Îªº¡C</para>
-
- <para>Ãö©ó¥»¥DÃD§ó¸Ô²Óªº¸ê®Æ¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò Steve Sims ©Ò¼¶¼gªº <ulink
- url="../ppp-primer/index.html"> Pedantic PPP Primer</ulink> ¤@¤å¡C
- </para>
-
- <para>¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Îªº¬O®Ö¤ß¼Ò¦¡ (kernel-mode) PPP¡A©ÎªÌ§A¦³°Ï°ì³s½u
- (Ethernet connection) ¥i³q¹F Internet ªº¸Ü¡A§A±N»Ý­n¨Ï¥Î
- &man.natd.8;¡C½Ð¬d¾\ FAQ ¤¤Ãö©ó <link linkend="natd">natd</link>
- ªº³¡¤À¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="slip-ppp-support">
- <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© SLIP ©M PPP ¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¬Oªº¡C§A¥i¥H¬d¬d man pages ¤¤Ãö©ó &man.slattach.8;¡A
- &man.sliplogin.8;¡A&man.ppp.8;¡A¥H¤Î &man.pppd.8; ªº³¡¤À¡C
- &man.ppp.8; ¤Î &man.pppd.8; ´£¨Ñ¶i¥XÂù¦V³s½uªº¤ä´©¡A¥t¥~
- &man.sliplogin.8; ±Mªù´£¨Ñ¶i¤J³s½uªº¤ä´©¡A¦Ó &man.slattach.8;
- ±Mªù´£¨Ñ¦V¥~³s½uªº¤ä´©¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG§A»Ý­n§ó¶i¤@¨Bªº¸ê®Æªº¸Ü,½Ð¬d¾\ <ulink
- url="../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html">FreeBSD ¤â¥U¤¤Ãö©ó PPP »P SLIP
- ªº»¡©ú</ulink>¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG§A¥u¯à°÷¹L <quote>shell account</quote> ³s½u¨ì Internet
- ªº¸Ü¡A§A¤]³\¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ <filename role="package">net/slirp</filename>
- ³o­Ó®M¥óµ{¦¡¡C³o­Ó®M¥óµ{¦¡¥i¥H´£¨Ñ§Aªº¹q¸£ª½±µ³s¤W¬Y¨Ç(­­©wªº)ªA°È
- ³s½u¡A¦p ftp ¤Î http µ¥µ¥¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="natd">
- <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© NAT ©Î Masquerading ¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦pªG§A¦³¤@­ÓªñºÝªº¤lºô¸ô(¦³¤@¥x¥H¤Wªº¾÷¾¹)¡A¦ý¬O§Aªº
- Internet provider «o¥u¤À°t¤@­Ó IP number µ¹§A(©ÎªÌ§A¥u¤À°t¨ì¤@­Ó
- °ÊºAªº IP number)¡A§A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò &man.natd.8; ³o­Óµ{¦¡¡C &man.natd.8;
- Åý§A¥i¥H³z¹L³o¤@­Ó IP number Åý¾ã­Ó¤lºô¸ôªº¹q¸£³£¯à³s¤W internet¡C
- </para>
-
- <para>&man.ppp.8; ³o­Óµ{¦¡¤]´£¨ÑÃþ¦üªº¥\¯à¡A¦pªG§A«ü©w
- <option>-nat</option> ¿ï¶µ¡Calias library (&man.libalias.3;)
- ¦b³o¨â­Ó³B²z¤è¦¡¤¤³£·|³Q¨Ï¥Î¨ì¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="parallel-connect">
- <para>§Ú¦p¦ó±N¨â¥x FreeBSD ¥D¾÷¥Î¥­¦æ°ð (parallel line) ³z¹L PLIP
- ³s½u¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤â¥U¤¤Ãö©ó <ulink url="../handbook/plip.html">PLIP
- section</ulink> ªº³¡¤À¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="create-dev-net">
- <para>§Ú¨S¦³¿ìªk«Ø¥ß <filename>/dev/ed0</filename> ³o­Ó device¡A
- ¬°¤°»ò¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦]¬°¤£»Ý­n¡I¦b Berkeley ºô¸ô¬[ºc¤¤¡A¥u¦³ kernel µ{¦¡½X¥i¥Hª½
- ±µ¦s¨úºô¸ô¬É­±¥d¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <filename>/etc/rc.network</filename> ³o
- ­ÓÀɮשM manual pages ¨ú±o»P¨ä¥L¤£¦Pºô¸ôµ{¦¡¡C§ó¶i¤@¨Bªº¸ê°T¡G¦p
- ªG§Aı±o§A§¹¥þ·d²V¤Fªº¸Ü¡A±zÀ³¸Ó§ä¤@¥»»P¨ä¥L BSD ¬ÛÃö§@·~¨t²Îºô¸ô
- ºÞ²z¦³Ãö®Ñ¨Ó°Ñ¦Ò¡F°£¤F¤Ö¼ÆÅãµÛªº¤£¦P¥~¡AFreeBSD ªººô¸ôºÞ²z°ò¥»¤W©M
- SunOS 4.0 ©M Ultrix ¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ethernet-aliases">
- <para>§Ú¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß Ethernet aliases¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦pªG§Aªº alias ¦ì§}¸ò§A¥Ø«eºô¸ô¤¶­±ªº¦ì§}¦b¦P¤@­Ó¤lºô¸ô¤Uªº
- ¸Ü¡A¥[¤J¤@­Ó <literal>netmask 0xffffffff</literal> ¦b§Aªº
- &man.ifconfig.8; command-line¡A½d¨Ò¦p¤U¡G</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig ed0 alias 192.0.2.2 netmask 0xffffffff</userinput></screen>
- <para>¤£µMªº¸Ü¡A´N¦p¦P¥[¤J¤@­Ó·sªººô¸ô¦ì§}¤@¼Ë¿é¤J§Aªººô¸ô¦ì§}»P¤l
- ºô¸ô¾B¸n¡G</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig ed0 alias 172.16.141.5 netmask 0xffffff00</userinput></screen>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="port-3c503">
- <para>§Ú¦p¦ó«ü©w§Úªº 3C503 ¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥L¤£¦Pªºªº network port¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦pªG±z·Q¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥Lªº port¡A§A¥²¶·¦b &man.ifconfig.8; ªº©R¥O¤¤
- «ü©wÃB¥~ªº°Ñ¼Æ¡C¤º©wªº port ¬O <literal>link0</literal>¡C­n¨Ï¥Î
- AUI port ¥N´À BNC port ªº¸Ü¡A§ï¥Î <literal>link2</literal>¡C³o¨Ç
- flags À³¸Ó§ïÅÜifconfig_* ªºÅܼƨӫü©w¡A §A¥i¥H¦b
- <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ³o­ÓÀɮ׸̭±§ä¨ì (½Ð°Ñ¦Ò
- &man.rc.conf.5;)¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="nfs">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD ªº NFS ®É¥X²{°ÝÃD¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>§Ú­Ì¥Î§t»W¤@ÂIªº»¡ªk¡A¬Y¨Ç PC ªººô¸ô¥d¤ñ¨ä¥Lªº¦n¡A³oºØª¬ªp¦b
- ³y¦¨ NFS ³oºØ¹ïºô¸ô±Ó·Pªºµ{¦¡¦³®É·|¥X²{°ÝÃD¡C</para>
-
- <para>°Ñ¦Ò <ulink url="../handbook/nfs.html">
- the Handbook entry on NFS</ulink> ¥HÀò±o³o­Ó¥DÃDªº§ó¦h¸ê°T¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="nfs-linux">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à NFS-mount Linux ªº¾÷¾¹¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¬Y¨Çª©¥»ªº Linux NFS µ{¦¡½X¥u±µ¨ü privileged port ªº
- mount request¡F¸Õ¥Î³o¦æ«ü¥O¬Ý¬Ý</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt</userinput></screen>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="nfs-sun">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à NFS-mount Sun ªº¾÷¾¹¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¶] SunOS 4.X ªº Sun ¤u§@¯¸¥u±µ¨ü¨Ó¦Û privileged port ªº
- mount request¡F¸Õ¥Î³o¦æ«ü¥O¬Ý¬Ý</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o -P sunbox:/blah /mnt</userinput></screen>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="exports-errors">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò <command>mountd</command> ¤@ª½°­¥s»¡
- <errorname>can't change attributes</errorname> ¦Ó¥B§Ú¤@ª½¬Ý¨ì
- <errorname>bad exports list</errorname> ³o­Ó°T®§¦b§Úªº FreeBSD NFS
- ¦øªA¾¹¤W¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃD³Ì±`µo¥Íªº­ì¦]¬O¦b©ó¤£¤F¸Ñ
- <filename>/etc/exports</filename> ªº¥¿½T®æ¦¡¡C½Ð¸ÔŪ
- &man.exports.5; ¥H¤Î¤â¥U¤¤Ãö©ó <ulink
- url="../handbook/nfs.html">NFS</ulink> ªº³¡¤À¡A¯S§O¬O<ulink
- url="../handbook/nfs.html#CONFIGURING-NFS">configuring
- NFS</ulink>³o¤@¬q¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-nextstep">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b¨Ï¥Î PPP ³s½u¨ì NeXTStep ¾÷¾¹®É¦³°ÝÃD¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
-
- <para>§â TCP extensions ¨ú®ø¡A³o­Ó³]©w¦b
- <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¸Ì­±(°Ñ¦Ò &man.rc.conf.5;) §â
- ¥H¤U³o­Ó­È³]¦¨ NO¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>tcp_extensions=NO</programlisting>
-
- <para>Xylogic ªº Annex ¥D¾÷¤]¦³¬Û¦Pªº°ÝÃD¡A±z­n°µ¬Û¦Pªº­×§ï¤~¯à³s
- ¤W³o¨Ç¥D¾÷¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ip-multicast">
- <para>§Ú­n«ç¼Ë¤~¯à§â IP multicast support ¥´¶}¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD 2.0 ¥H«áªºª©¥»¤º©w³£¦³ ¤ä´© Multicast host ¾Þ§@¡C¦pªG
- ±z·Q±N±zªº¥D¾÷³]©w¦¨ multicast router ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥²¶·­«·s compile ±z
- ªº kernel¡A¥[¤J <literal>MROUTING</literal> ªº¿ï¶µ¡A¨Ã¥B°õ¦æ
- &man.mrouted.8; FreeBSD 2.2 ¤Î¤§«áªºª©¥»·|¦b¶}¾÷®É°õ¦æ
- &man.mrouted.8; ¦pªG¦b <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¤¤
- <literal>mrouted_enable</literal> ³]©w¬° <literal>"YES"</literal>
- </para>
-
- <para>MBONE ªº¦UºØ¤u¨ã¥i¥H¦b¥L­Ì ports ¤U©ÒÄÝ¥s°µ <ulink
- url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/mbone.html">mbone</ulink> ¥Ø¿ý
- ¤¤§ä¨ì¡C¦pªG±z¦b§äµø°T·|ijªº¤u¨ã¦p <command>vic</command> ¥H¤Î
- <command>vat</command>ªº¸Ü¡A¨ì¨ºÃä§ä§ä§a¡I</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="dec-pci-chipset">
- <para>­þ¨Çºô¸ô¥d¬O¨Ï¥Î DEC PCI chipset¡H</para>
- </question><answer>
-
- <para>¥H¤U¬O Glen Foster <email>gfoster@driver.nsta.org</email>
- ´£¨Ñªº²M³æ¡G</para>
-
- <table>
- <title>Network cards based on the DEC PCI chipset</title>
-
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <thead>
- <row>
- <entry>Vendor</entry>
- <entry>Model</entry>
- </row>
- </thead>
-
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>ASUS</entry>
- <entry>PCI-L101-TB</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Accton</entry>
- <entry>ENI1203</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Cogent</entry>
- <entry>EM960PCI</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Compex</entry>
- <entry>ENET32-PCI</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>D-Link</entry>
- <entry>DE-530</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Dayna</entry>
- <entry>DP1203, DP2100</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>DEC</entry>
- <entry>DE435, DE450</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Danpex</entry>
- <entry>EN-9400P3</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>JCIS</entry>
- <entry>Condor JC1260</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Linksys</entry>
- <entry>EtherPCI</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Mylex</entry>
- <entry>LNP101</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>SMC</entry>
- <entry>EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332)</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>SMC</entry>
- <entry>EtherPower (Model 8432)</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>TopWare</entry>
- <entry>TE-3500P</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Znyx (2.2.x)</entry>
- <entry>ZX312, ZX314, ZX342, ZX345, ZX346, ZX348</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Znyx (3.x)</entry>
- <entry>ZX345Q, ZX346Q, ZX348Q, ZX412Q, ZX414, ZX442, ZX444,
- ZX474, ZX478, ZX212, ZX214 (10mbps/hd)</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="fqdn-hosts">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò­n¥Î FQDN ¤~¯à³s¨ì¨ä¥L¾÷¾¹¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>§A¤]³\·|µo²{­n³sªº¾÷¾¹¨ä¹ê¬O¦b¥t¤@­Óºô°ì¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A°²³]§A¬O¦b
- foo.bar.edu ³o­Óºô°ì¤¤¡A·Q­n³s¨ì¦b¤@¥x¥s <hostid>mumble</hostid>
- ªº¥D¾÷¡A¥L¦b <hostid role="domainname">example.org</hostid> ºô°ì¤U¡A
- §A¥²¶·¥Î Fully-Qualified Domain Name <hostid
- role="fqdn">mumble.example.org</hostid>¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¥u¥Î
- <hostid>mumble</hostid>¡C</para>
-
- <para>¶Ç²Îªº BSD BIND resolver ¤¹³\¥Î³oºØ¤è¦¡¸Ñ¥X¾÷¾¹ªº¦ì§}¡A¦ý¬O
- FreeBSD ¤ºªþ <application>bind</application> (see &man.named.8;)
- ª©¥»¤º©w¤è¦¡¡A«h¬O°£¤F§A©Ò¦bªººô°ì¥H¥~¡A¤£¤ä´©¨ä¥L«D FQDN ªºÁY¼g¡C
- ©Ò¥H¦p <hostid>mumble</hostid> ¥²¶·¦b <hostid
- role="fqdn">mumble.foo.example.org</hostid>¡A§_«h´N·|±qºô°ìªº³Ì©³
- ¼h¶}©l§ä¡C</para>
-
- <para>³o©M¥ý«eªº°µªk¤£¦P¡A¤]´N¬O¤£¥Î
- <hostid role="domainname">mumble.example.org</hostid>¡A©M
- <hostid role="domainname">mumble.edu</hostid> Ä~Äò·j´M¡C
- ¬Ý¤@¤U RFC 1535¡A¸Ì­±¦³´£¨ì¬°¤°»ò¤§«eªº°µªk¤£¦n¡A¬Æ¦Üºâ¬O­Ó¦w¥þ
- º|¬}¡C</para>
-
- <para>³o¸Ì¦³­Ó¤£¿ùªº¸Ñªk, §A¥i¥H¥[¤J¤@¦æ</para>
-
- <programlisting>search foo.example.org example.org</programlisting>
-
- <para>instead of the previous</para>
-
- <programlisting>domain foo.example.org</programlisting>
-
- <para>¦b§Aªº <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> Àɮפ¤ (½Ð°Ñ¦Ò
- &man.resolv.conf.5;)¡C¦ý¬O­n½T©w·j´M¶¶§Ç¤£·|¹H¤Ï RFC 1535 ©Ò¿×ªº
- <quote>boundary between local and public administration</quote>¡C
- </para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="network-permission-denied">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b³s½u®É¤@ª½¥X²{
- <errorname>Permission denied</errorname> ªº¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para> ¦pªG¦b½sĶ kernel ®É¥[¤J <literal>IPFIREWALL</literal> ¿ï¶µ¡A
- ½Ðª`·N 2.1.7R ¤º©w¬O©Úµ´©Ò¦³¥¼¸g®Ö­ãªººô¸ô«Ê¥](¦ý¦b¶}µo
- 2.1-STABLE ®É§ï±¼¤F)¡C</para>
-
- <para>I¦pªG¤£¤p¤ß§Ë¿ù¤F firewall ªº³]©w¡A§A¥i¥H¥H
- <username>root</username> °õ¦æ¥H¤U©R¥Oºô¸ô¥\¯à´N·|«ì´_¥¿±`¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>¤]¥i¥H¦b <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¥[¤J
- <literal>firewall_type="open"</literal> ªº¿ï¶µ¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦pªG·Qª¾¹D¦p¦ó³]©w FreeBSD firewall¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ulink
- url="../handbook/firewalls.html">¤â¥U¤¤¬ÛÃö³¹¸`</ulink>¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ipfw-overhead">
- <para>IPFW ·|³y¦¨¦h¤jªººô¸ô©µ¿ð¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤â¥U¤¤ <ulink
- url="../handbook/firewalls.html">Firewalls</ulink> ³¹¸`¡A¯S§O¬O
- <ulink url="../handbook/firewalls.html#IPFW-OVERHEAD">IPFW
- Overhead & Optimization</ulink> ³o¤@¬q¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ipfw-fwd">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Úªº <command>ipfw</command> <quote>fwd</quote>
- redirect ³W«h±NªA°ÈÂà¦V¨ä¥L¾÷¾¹®ÉµLªk¥¿±`¹B§@¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥i¯à¬O§A°£¤FÂà°e«Ê¥]¥H¥~ÁÙÃB¥~·Q¶i¦æ¦ì§}ÂàĶ
- (network address translation, NAT)¡A<quote>fwd</quote> ³W«h©Ò¶i
- ¦æªº°Ê§@´N¦p¦P¦r­±©Ò¥Ü¡F¶ÈÂà°e«Ê¥]¡A¥¦¨Ã¤£·|¥h­×§ï«Ê¥]¤¤ªº¸ê®Æ¡C
- °²³]§Ú­Ì¦³¦p¤Uªº³W«h¡G</para>
-
- <screen>01000 fwd <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable> from any to <replaceable>foo 21</replaceable></screen>
-
- <para>·í¤@­Ó³q©¹¯S©w¥Ø¼Ð¦ì§} <replaceable>foo</replaceable> ªº«Ê¥]
- °e¹F¥D¾÷®É¡A®Ú¾Ú³o±ø³W«h¡A«Ê¥]±N³QÂà°e¦Ü
- <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable>¡A¦ý¬O¥¦ªº¥Ø¼Ð¦ì§}«o¤´µM¬O
- <replaceable>foo</replaceable>¡I«Ê¥]ªº¥Ø¼Ð¦ì§}¨Ã
- <emphasis>¨S¦³</emphasis> §ó§ï¬°
- <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable>¡C¤j³¡¤Àªº¥D¾÷·|±N«Ê¥]¥á±ó¡A
- ¦]¬°¥L­Ì¨Ã¤£¬O³o­Ó¥Ø¼Ð¦ì§}¡C¦]¦¹¡A¨Ï¥Î <quote>fwd</quote> ³W«h
- ®É©¹©¹¤£¦p¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©Ò¹w´Áªº¨º¯ë¶¶§Q¡C³oºØ¦æ¬°¬O¨t²Î¯S©Ê¡A¦Ó«D¿ù»~¡C
- </para>
-
- <para>°Ñ¦Ò <link linkend="service-redirect">Ãö©óªA°ÈÂà¦Vªº±`¨£°Ý
- µª¶°</link>¡A &man.natd.8; ¤â¥U¡A©ÎªÌ¬O¨Ï¥Î <ulink
- url="../../../../ports/index.html">ports collection</ulink> ¤¤³\
- ¦hªA°ÈÂà¦Vªº¤u¨ã¨Ó¥¿½Tªº§¹¦¨§A·Q¶i¦æªº¤u§@¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="service-redirect">
- <para>­n¦p¦ó§â¹ï¬Y¥x¾÷¾¹ªººô¸ôªA°È­n¨D(service request)Âà¦V¨ì¥t¤@¥x¡H
- </para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦b ports ¥Ø¿ýªº<quote>sysutils</quote>¤ÀÃþ¤¤¦³­Ó¥s
- <literal>socket</literal> ªº®M¥ó¡A¥i¥HÀ°§AÂà¦V FTP ©Î¨ä¥LÃþ¦üªº
- ºô¸ôªA°È¡C¥u­n§â¸Óºô¸ôªA°Èªº©R¥O§ï¦¨©I¥s socket §Y¥i¡A¦p¤U©Ò¥Ü¡G
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket <replaceable>ftp.example.com</replaceable> <replaceable>ftp</replaceable></programlisting>
-
- <para>¨ä¤¤ <replaceable>ftp.example.com</replaceable> »P
- <replaceable>ftp</replaceable> ¤À§O¬O³QÂà¨ìªº¾÷¾¹©M port ¦WºÙ¡C
- </para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="bandwidth-mgr-tool">
- <para>¨º¸Ì¥i¥H§ä¨ìºÞ²zÀW¼eªº¤u¨ã¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD ¤W¦³¤T®MÀW¼eºÞ²z¤u¨ã¡G &man.dummynet.4; ¤w¸g¾ã¦X¶i¤J
- FreeBSD ¨t²Î(§ó¸Ô²Óªº¥Î³~, &man.ipfw.4;); <ulink
- url="http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/kjc/programs.html">ALTQ</ulink>
- ¥i¥H§K¶O¨Ï¥Î¡A<ulink
- url="http://www.etinc.com/">Emerging Technologies</ulink>
- ±À¥Xªº Bandwidth Manager «h¬O°Ó¥Î³nÅé¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="bpf-not-configured">
- <para>«ç»ò·|¶]¥X
- <errorname>/dev/bpf0: device not configured</errorname>³o­Ó°T®§¡H
- </para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>§A°õ¦æ¤F¤@­Ó»Ý­n¬f§JµÜ«Ê¥]¹LÂo¾¹ (Berkeley Packet Filter) ªº
- µ{¦¡ (&man.bpf.4;)¡A¦ý¬O§A¦b kernel ¤¤¨S¦³±Ò°Ê¥¦¡C§â¤U­±³o¤@¦æ¥[
- ¤J kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤¡A½sͤ@­Ó·sªº kernel¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>pseudo-device bpf # Berkeley Packet Filter</programlisting>
-
- <para>¦b­«·s¶}¾÷¤§«á¡AÁÙ­n°µ¥X device node¡A¦b
- <filename>/dev</filename> ¤U°õ¦æ¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV bpf0</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>¦pªG·Q­n§ó¶i¤@¨Bª¾¹D¦p¦ó°µ¥X¦UºØ device node¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ulink
- url="../handbook/kernelconfig-nodes.html">Handbook Ãö©ó¶gÃä¸`ÂIªº»¡©ú</ulink>
- ¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="mount-smb-share">
- <para>§Ú­n«ç¼Ë¤~¯à±N Windows ¾÷¾¹¤¤ªººÏºÐ±¾¤J¨t²Î, ´N¹³ Linux ´£¨Ñ
- ªº smbmount ¨º¼Ë¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¨Ï¥Î <application>SMBFS</application> ¤u¨ã²Õ¡C³o®M¤u¨ã²Õ¤¤
- ¥]§t¤F¤@¨t¦Cªº kernel ­×§ïÁÙ¦³¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¤u¨ãµ{¦¡(userland programs)¡C
- ³o¨Çµ{¦¡©M¸ê°T¦b ports ¦¬Âä¤
- <filename role="package">net/smbfs</filename> ¤U¥i¥H§ä¨ì¡C¦b
- 4.5-RELEASE ¤§«áªºª©¥»«h¬O¨t²Î¤¤¤º«Ø¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="icmp-response-bw-limit">
- <para>§Ú¦b¨t²Î¤é»x¤¤µo²{¥H¤U°T®§¡G
- <quote>icmp-response bandwidth limit 300/200 pps</quote>¡A³o¬O
- ½¼¦Ì¸J¿|¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o¬O¨t²Î®Ö¤ß§i¶D§A¦³¬Y¨Ç¬¡°Ê¤Þµo¥¦°e¥X¤ñ¥¦©Ò»{¬°À³¸Ó°e¥X§ó
- ¦hªº ICMP ©Î TCP ­«¸m°T®§ (RST)¡CICMP ¦^À³°T®§±`±`¬O¦]¬°¦³¤H¹Á
- ¸Õ³s±µ¥¼³Q¨Ï¥Îªº UDP ³q°T°ð¡CTCP ­«¸m°T®§«h¬O¦³¤H¹Á¸Õ³s±µ¥¼¶}
- ©ñ TCP ³q°T°ð³y¦¨ªºµ²ªG¡C¥H¤U³o¨Ç¬¡°Ê¥i¯à´N¬O³y¦¨³o¨Ç°T®§ªº­ì¦]¡G
- </para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>¼É¤OªkªºªA°È²Õµ´§ðÀ»(DoS)¤è¦¡
- (¬Û¸û©ó°w¹ï¯S®í®zÂI¨Ï¥Î³æ¤@«Ê¥]ªº§ðÀ»¤è¦¡)¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¤j¶qªº³q°T°ð±½´y(¬Û¸û©ó¶È¹Á¸Õ¤Ö¼Æªº±`¨£ªA°È³q°T°ð)¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>¥X²{ªº¼Æ¦r¤¤²Ä¤@­Ó¥Nªí®Ú¾Ú³o¨Ç¬y¶q kernel À³¸Ó°e¥Xªº«Ê¥]¼Æ¡A
- ²Ä¤G­Ó¼Æ¦r«h¬O kernel ¥Ø«e­­¨î³Ì¤jµo°e¼Æ¡C§A¥i¥H§Q¥Î sysctl ­×§ï
- <varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim</varname> ÅܼƭȨӧó§ï³Ì¤j­È¡CÁ|
- ¨Ò¨Ó»¡,¦pªG§Æ±æ­×§ï­­¨î¬° <literal>300</literal> packets per
- second¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl -w net.inet.icmp.icmplim=300</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>¦pªG§A¤£·Q¦b¨t²Î¬ö¿ý¤¤¬Ý¨ì³o¨Ç°T®§¡A¦ý¬O¤´µM§Æ±æ«O«ù¦^À³ªº­­
- ¨îªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥H§Q¥Î sysctl ­×§ï
- <varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim_output</varname> ÅܼƨӨú®ø³o¨Ç°T
- ®§¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl -w net.inet.icmp.icmplim_output=0</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>³Ì«á¡A¦pªG§A·Q¨ú®ø³o¨Ç­­¨îªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥H³]©w
- <varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim</varname> (¦p¤W¨Ò©Ò¥Ü) ¬°
- <literal>0</literal>¡C°ò©ó¤W­z²z¥Ñ¡A§Ú­Ì¤£«ØÄ³§A¨ú®ø³o¨Ç­­¨î¡C
- </para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="unknown-hw-addr-format">
- <para>³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§
- <errorname>arp: unknown hardware address format</errorname>
- ¬O¤°»ò·N«ä¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o¥Nªí§Aªº°Ï°ìºô¸ô³s½u¤W¦³¤@¨Ç³]³Æ¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD ¬Ý¤£À´ªº MAC
- ®æ¦¡¡C³o³q±`¬O¥Nªí¦³¤H¦b§Aªº°Ï°ìºô¸ô¤W¶i¦æ¹êÅç¡A³Ì±`¨£ªº´N¬O
- cable modem ªº³s½u¡C³o°T®§µL®`¡A¦Ó¥BÀ³¸Ó¤£¦Ü©ó¼vÅT¨ì FreeBSD ¥D
- ¾÷ªº®Ä¯à¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="cvsup-missing-libs">
- <para>§Ú­è­è¸Ë¦n CVSup ®M¥ó¡A¦ý¬O¦b¹Á¸Õ°õ¦æ®Éµo¥Í¤F¿ù»~¡A­n«ç»ò¿ì¡H
- </para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>­º¥ý¡A¬Ý¬Ý¿ù»~ªº°T®§¬O§_¦p¤U¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>/usr/libexec/ld-elf.so.1: Shared object "libXaw.so.6" not found</programlisting>
-
- <para>³oºØ¿ù»~°T®§¥Nªí§A¥D¾÷¤W¦w¸Ëªº
- <filename role="package">net/cvsup</filename> ¨S¦³¥]§t
- <application>XFree86</application> ®M¥ó¡C¦pªG§A·Q­n¨Ï¥Î
- <application>CVSup</application> ¤º«Øªº¹Ï§Î¤¶­±
- <acronym>GUI</acronym> ªº¸Ü¡A§A»Ý­n¦w¸Ë
- <application>XFree86</application>¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦pªG§A¥u·Q¥H©R¥O¦C¤è
- ¦¡¨Ï¥Î <application>CVSup</application> ªº¸Ü¡A§AÀ³¸Ó¥ý²¾°£¤§«e
- ¦w¸Ëªº®M¥ó¡C¨Ã¦w¸Ë
- <filename role="package">net/cvsup-without-gui</filename> ³o®M
- ³nÅé¡C¦b FreeBSD ¤â¥U¤¤ <ulink
- url="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/cvsup.html">CVSup</ulink>
- ¬q¸¨¤¤¦³§ó¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="security">
- <chapterinfo>
- <author>
- <firstname>Biing Jong</firstname>
- <surname>Lin</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address><email>bjlin@stic.gov.tw</email></address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </chapterinfo>
-
- <title>¨t²Î¦w¥þ½g</title>
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="sandbox">
- <para>¤°»ò¬O sandbox¡H</para>
- </question><answer>
-
- <para><quote>Sandbox</quote> ¬O¨t²Î¦w¥þ¥Îªº³N»y¡A¦³¨â­Ó·N¸q¡G</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
-
- <para>©ñ¦b¬Y¨ÇµêÀÀ¨¾Å@Àð¸Ìªº°õ¦æµ{§Ç¡A³o¨Ç¨¾Å@Àð¬O¥Î¨Óªý¤î
- ¬Y¨Ç¤H«I¤J³o¹Dµ{§Ç¡A¶i¦Ó¥X¤J©ó§ó¤jªº¨t²Î¤¤¡C</para>
-
- <para>³o¹Dµ{§Ç¥i¥H§¹¥þ¦b¨¾Å@Àð¸Ì <quote>°Ê§@</quote>¡C¤]´N
- ¬O»¡¡A¥¦©Ò°õ¦æªº¥ô¦óµ{¦¡¤£¥i¯à·|º¯³z¨ìÀ𪺥~­±¡C©Ò¥H¦pªG
- ±z¹ï¥¦¦³¦w¥þ¤WªºÅU¼{¡A¨Ã¤£»Ý­n¯S§O¥hºÊÅ¥¥¦ªº¤@Á|¤@°Ê¡A¤Ï
- ¥¿¥¦¥u¯à¦bÀ𤺬¡°Ê¡C</para>
-
- <para>Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¥i¥H¥Î userid ¨Ó°µ³o¹D¨¾Å@Àð¡A³o¥¿¬O security
- ©M named »¡©ú¤å¥ó¤¤ªº©w¸q¡C</para>
-
- <para>²{¦b´N¥Î <literal>ntalk</literal> ³o­ÓªA°È§@»¡©ú¡]¨£
- /etc/inetd.conf¡^¡C³o­ÓªA°È¥H«eªº userid ¬O
- <username>root</username>¡A²{¦b°õ¦æ®É«h¬O¥Î
- <username>tty</username>¡C<username>tty</username>
- ³o­Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌ´N¬O¤@­Ó sandbox¡A¦pªG¦³¤H¯à°÷¶¶§Q¥Î ntalk
- «I¤J¨t²Î¡A²{¦b¥L´Nºâ¶i±o¨Ó¤]¥u¯à¥Î³o­Ó userid¡C</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>©ñ¦b¬Y­Ó¼ÒÀÀ¾÷¾¹¸Ìªºµ{¦¡¡A³o¤ñ¤W­z¨Ó±o§óÄY±K¡C°ò¥»¤W
- ³oªí¥Ü¯à«I¤J¸Óµ{¦¡ªº¤H¬Û«H¥L¯à¦A¶i¤J©ÒÄݪº¾÷¾¹¡A¦ý¨Æ¹ê¤W
- ¥u·|¶i¤J¼ÒÀÀ¥X¨Óªº¾÷¾¹¡AµLªk¶i¤@¨B­×§ï¥ô¦ó¯u¹êªº¸ê®Æ¡C</para>
-
- <para>¹F¨ì³o­Ó¥Øªº³Ì±`¥Îªº¤èªk¡A´N¬O¦b¬Y­Ó¤l¥Ø¿ý¤U°µ¥X¼ÒÀÀªº
- Àô¹Ò¡AµM«á¥Î chroot °õ¦æ¸Óµ{¦¡¡A³o¼Ë¸Óµ{¦¡ªº®Ú¥Ø¿ý«K¬O³o­Ó
- ¤l¥Ø¿ý¡A¦Ó«D¨t²Î¯u¥¿ªº®Ú¥Ø¿ý¡C</para>
-
- <para>¥t¤@­Ó±`¨£§@ªk¬O±N¬Y­ÓÀɮרt²Î mount ¦¨°ßŪ¡A¦ý¦b¥¦
- ¤W­±¥t¥~»s³y¥Xµ{¦¡¥H¬°¥i¥H¼g¤JªºÀɮרt²Î¡C³o­Óµ{¦¡·|¬Û«H
- ¥¦¥i¥H¹ï¨ä¥LÀÉ®×Ū¼g¡A¦ý¥u¦³¥¦¬Ý¤£¨ì³o­Ó°ßŪ®ÄÀ³ - ¨t²Î
- °õ¦æªº¤@¯ëµ{¦¡³£¬Ý±o¨ì¡C</para>
-
- <para>§Ú­Ì¸Õ¹Ï±N³oÃþ sandbox ºÉ¶q³z©ú¤Æ¡AÅý¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©Î«I¤JªÌ
- µLªk¬Ý¨ì¥L¬O§_¦b¬Y­Ó sandbox ¸Ì­±¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>UNIX ¹ê§@¨âºØ sandbox¡A¤@­Ó¦bµ{¦¡¼h­±¡A¥t¤@­Ó«h¬O¥Ñ userid
- ¨Ó¹F¦¨¡C</para>
-
- <para>¨C­Ó UNIX °õ¦æµ{§Ç·|¥Î¨¾¤õÀð±N¥¦©M©Ò¦³¨ä¥Lµ{§Ç¹j¶}¡A¬Y­Óµ{§Ç
- ¤£¥i¥HÀH·N­×§ï¨ä¥Lµ{§Ç¦ì§}ªº¸ê®Æ¡C³o©M Windows ¤¤¡Aµ{¦¡¥i¥H»´©ö
- ­×§ï¨ä¥L¦ì§}¸ê®Æ¡Aµ²ªG¾É­P·í¾÷ªº±¡§Î¤j¤£¬Û¦P¡C</para>
-
- <para>¨C­Ó UNIX µ{§Ç³£ÄÝ©ó¬Y­Ó¯S©wªº userid¡C¦pªG¸Ó userid ¤£¬O
- <username>root</username>¡A´N·|±N¥¦©M¨ä¥L¨Ï¥ÎªÌªºµ{§Ç¹j¶}¡C
- Userid ¦P®É¤]¥Î©óµwºÐ¸ê®Æªº¦s¨úÅv¤W¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="securelevel">
- <para>¤°»ò¬O securelevel?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>securelevel ¬O®Ö¤ß¤¤©Ò¹ê§@ªº¤@­Ó¦w¥þ¾÷¨î¡C°ò¥»¤W·í
- securelevel ¬O¥¿­È®É¡A®Ö¤ß·|­­¨î¬Y¨Ç¤u§@¡F§Y¨Ï¬O superuser
- (¤]´N¬O <username>root</username>) ¤]µLªk§¹¦¨¨º¨Ç¤u§@¡C¦b¼¶¼g
- ¥»¤å®É¡Asecurelevel ¾÷¨î¦b¤@¯ëªº­­¨î¥~¡AÁÙ¯à°÷­­¨î¥H¤Uªº¥\¯à¡G
- </para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>²M°£¬Y¨Ç¯S©wªºÀɮ׺X¼Ð¡A¨Ò¦p <literal>schg</literal>
- (¨t²Î°ßŪ¼ÐºX, the system immutable flag)</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¸g¥Ñ <devicename>/dev/mem</devicename> »P
- <devicename>/dev/kmem</devicename>¡A ±N¸ê®Æ¼g¤J¦Ü®Ö¤ß°O¾ÐÅ餤
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>¸ü¤J®Ö¤ß¼Ò²Õ</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>§ó°Ê &man.ipfirewall.4; ³W«h¡C</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>·Q­nÀˬd¦b¬Y­Ó¹B§@¤¤ªº¨t²Îªº securelevel ª¬ºA¡A¥u­n°õ¦æ¥H¤U
- ©R¥O§Y¥i¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.securelevel</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>¿é¥Xªºµ²ªG·|¥]§t¤@­Ó &man.sysctl.8; ÅܼƦWºÙ (¦b³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¤¤¡A
- ¥¦¬O <varname>kern.securelevel</varname>) ¥H¤Î¤@­Ó¼Æ¦r¡C«áªÌ§Y¬O
- ¥Ø«eªº securelevel ­È¡C¦pªG¥¦¬O¤@­Ó¥¿­È (¤]´N¬O¤j©ó 0)¡Aªí¥Ü¦Ü¤Ö
- ¦³¤@¨Ç securelevel ªº«OÅ@¾÷¨î¤w¸g¶}±Ò¤F¡C</para>
-
- <para>§A¨S¦³¿ìªk­°§C¤@­Ó¹B§@¤¤ªº¨t²Îªº securelevel¡F¦pªG¥i¥Hªº¸Ü¡A
- ´N¥¢¥h¤F³o­Ó¾÷¨îªº·N¸q¤F¡C¦pªG§A­n§@¤@¨Ç»Ý­n securelevel ¬°
- «D¥¿­È¤~¥i¥Hªº°Ê§@ªº¸Ü (¨Ò¦p <maketarget>installworld</maketarget>
- ©Î§ó°Ê¤é´Á)¡A§A»Ý­n­×§ï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¤ºªº
- securelevel ³]©w (§ä§ä <varname>kern_securelevel</varname> ©M
- <varname>kern_securelevel_enable</varname> ÅܼÆ)¡AµM«á­«·s¶}¾÷¡C
- </para>
-
- <para>·Q­nª¾¹D§ó¦h¦³Ãö©ó securelevel »P¦U­Ó¤£¦Pµ¥¯Å¼vÅTªº²Ó¸`¡A
- ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &man.init.8; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡C</para>
-
- <warning>
- <para>securelevel ¥i¤£¬O¸UÆF¤¦¡F¥¦¦³³\¦h¤wª¾ªº¯Ê³´¡A©¹©¹³y¦¨
- ¤@ºØ¦w¥þªº°²¶H¡C</para>
-
- <para>¥¦¤@­Ó³Ì¤jªº°ÝÃD¡A´N¬O­nÅý³o­Ó¥\¯à§¹¥þ¦³®Äªº¸Ü¡A¦b
- securelevel µo´§§@¥Î«eªº±Ò°Ê¹Lµ{¤¤¡A©Ò¦³¨Ï¥Î¨ìªºÀɮ׳£
- ¥²¶·³Q«OÅ@°_¨Ó¡C¦pªG¤@­Ó§ðÀ»ªÌ¦b securelevel ¦³®Ä«e (¥Ñ©ó
- ¦³¨Ç¨t²Î¦b±Ò°Ê¤¤©Ò§@ªº¨Æ±¡¡AµLªk¦b¸û°ªªº securelevel ¤¤
- ¥¿±`¹B§@¡A©Ò¥H³o·|¦b±Ò°Ê¹Lµ{¤¤«á´Á¤~·|¹B§@)¡A¯àÅý¥L­Ìªºµ{¦¡
- ³Q°õ¦æªº¸Ü¡Asecurelevel ªº«OÅ@´N§¹¥þµL®Ä¤F¡C«OÅ@±Ò°Êµ{§Ç
- ¤¤©Ò¦³ªºÀɮצb§Þ³N¤W¬O¥i¦æªº¡A¦ý¬O¦pªG¯uªº³o¼Ë§@ªº¸Ü¡A¨t²Î
- ºûÅ@±N·|Åܦ¨¤@³õ¹ÚÆL¡C§Y¨Ï¥u¬O­×§ï¤@­Ó³]©wÀÉ¡A¤]¥²¶·±N¾ã­Ó
- ¨t²ÎÃö³¬¡A¦Ü¤Ö¤]±o¨ì³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¡C</para>
-
- <para>°£¤F³oÂI¡AÁÙ¦³³\¦h¨ä¥¦ªºªF¦è³£¦b³q«H½×¾Â¤W°Q½×¡A¤×¨ä¬O
- freebsd-security¡C½Ð¨ì <ulink
- url="../../../../search/index.html">³o¸Ì</ulink> ·j´M¥H«eªº
- °Q½×¡C¦³¨Ç¤H§Æ±æ securelevel ¯à°÷¾¨§Ö®ø¥¢¡A¥Ñ¥t¤@­Ó§óÀu¨qªº
- ¾÷¨î¨ú¥N¡A¤£¹L¾÷·|¦³ÂI´ù¯í¡C</para>
-
- <para>­·ÀI¦Û¦æ©Ó¾á¡C</para>
- </warning>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="extra-named-port">
- <para>BIND (<command>named</command>) °£¤F¦b³q°T°ð 53 ¥H¥~¤]¦b
- ¨ä¥L°ª½s¸¹³q°T°ð (high-numbered port) ²âÅ¥ (Listen)¡C
- ³o¬O«ç»ò¦^¨Æ¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD 3.0 «áªºª©¥»¨Ï¥Î¤@­Ó¯S®íªº BIND ª©¥»¡A³o­Óª©¥»·|¨Ï
- ¥ÎÀH¾÷ªº°ª½s¸¹³q°T°ð¨Ó¦^À³¥~³¡ªº¬d¸ß¡C¦pªG§A¦]¬°­n¾A¦X¨¾¤õÀðªº
- ³]©w©Î¬O³æ¯Âªº·QÅý¦Û¤v¬Ý¨ÓµÎªA¤@ÂI¦Ó·Q¥Î 53 ³q°T°ð¦^À³¥~³¡¬d¸ß¡A
- ¨º»ò§A¥i¥H¹Á¸Õ§ó§ï¥H¤UÀɮ׬ÛÃö¤º®e
- <filename>/etc/namedb/named.conf</filename>¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>options {
- query-source address * port 53;
-};</programlisting>
-
- <para>§A¤]¥i¥H±N <literal>*</literal> §ó§ï¬°¯S©w IP address¡A
- ÂÇ¥H¥[±j±±¨î±ø¥ó¡C</para>
-
- <para>¶¶«K®¥³ß§A¡C¯à°÷Ū¨ú§A¨t²Î¤Wªº &man.sockstat.1; ³ø§i¨Ã¥Bª`·N
- ¤£¥¿±`ª¬ªp¬O¤@¥ó¦n¨Æ¡I</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="sendmail-port-587">
- <para>Sendmail °£¤F¦b¼Ð·Çªº³q°T°ð 25 ¥~¤]¦b³q°T°ð 587 ²âÅ¥¡I³o¬O«ç
- »ò¦^¨Æ¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¸û·sª©¥»ªº Sendmail ¤ä´© mail submission ³o¶µ¥\¯à¡A¨Ã¥B¨Ï
- ¥Î³q°T°ð 587¡C³o¶µ¥\¯àÁÙ¨S¦³³Q¼sªx¤ä´©¦ý¬O¤ä´©ªº¼Æ¥Ø¥¿¦b¼Wªø
- ¤¤¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="toor-account">
- <para>§Úµo²{¤F³o­Ó UID 0 <username>toor</username> ±b¸¹¡A³o¬O¤°»ò
- ¸J¿|¡H§Ú³Q¶Â±¼¤F¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>©ñ¤ß¡C<username>toor</username> ¬O¤@­Ó
- <quote>alternative</quote> ºÞ²zªÌ±b¸¹ (toor ¬O root ªºÂà¦V«÷ªk)¡C
- ¥H©¹¬O¸òÀH &man.bash.1; ¦w¸Ë¦Ó«Ø¨îªº¡A«á¨Ó«h¦¨¬°¨t²Î¤º©w«Ø¨îªº¤@
- ­Ó±b¸¹¡C³o­Ó±b¸¹±N¦ñÀH¤@­Ó«D¼Ð·Çªº shell ´ú¸Õ¨Ï¥Î¡A Åý§A¤£»Ý­n¥h
- §ó§ï¨ì <username>root</username> ªº¤º«Ø shell¡C¦]¬°³o¨Ç¨ä¥Lªº shell
- ¨Ã¨S¦³¸òÀH¨t²Î¹w³]­È¦w¸Ë (Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¬Y¨Ç¥Ñ ports ¦w¸Ëªº
- shell package)¡A¦Ó³Q¤º©w¦w¸Ë¦b <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename>
- ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡A¦³¥i¯à¦s¦b¤£¦PªºÀɮרt²Î¤¤¡C ­Õ­Y <username>root</username>
- ªº shell ³Q©ñ¦b <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename>¡A¥B
- <filename>/usr</filename> (©Î¬O¨ä¥L¥]§tµÛ
- <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> ³o­Ó¤l¥Ø¿ýªºÀɮרt²Î)
- ¦]¬°¬Y¨Ç­ì¦]¨Ã¨S¦³³Q¥¿±`ªº mount °_¨Óªº¸Ü¡A<username>root</username>
- ±NµLªk¥¿±`ªºµn¤J¨t²Î¶i¦æºû­× (ÁöµM»¡§A­«¶}¾÷¦¨³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡´N·|°Ý§A­n
- ¸ü¤J­þ­Ó shell)¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦³¨Ç¤H¨Ï¥Î <username>toor</username> ±b¸¹¶i¦æ¨C¤éªº
- <username>root</username> ºûÅ@¤u§@¡A¦p¦¹¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î«D¼Ð·Çªº
- shell¡A¦Ó <username>root</username> ¥i¥H«O¯d¼Ð·Ç shell¡A
- ¥H¦]À³³æ¤@¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡ (single user mode) ©Îºò«æª¬ªp³B²z¡C
- ¨Ì·Ó¨t²Î¤º©w­È¡A§A±NµLªk¨Ï¥Î <username>toor</username> µn¤J¡A
- ¦]¬°³o­Ó±b¸¹©|¥¼§ó§ï±K½X³]©w¡C¦]¦¹§A¦pªG§A·Q±Ò°Ê³o­Ó±b¸¹¡A§A»Ý­n
- ¨Ï¥Î <username>root</username> µn¤J¨t²Î¨Ã¥B­×§ï
- <username>toor</username> ªº±K½X¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="suidperl">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò <command>suidperl</command> µLªk¥¿±`¹B§@¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦]¬°¬Y¨Ç¦w¥þªº¦Ò¡A<command>suidperl</command> ¤º©wªº¦w¸Ë
- ¨Ã¨S¦³³]©w suid bit¡C¨t²ÎºÞ²zªÌ¥i¥H¨Ì·Ó¥H¤U©R¥O±Ò°Ê suid ³]©w¡C
- </para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod u+s /usr/bin/suidperl</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>¦pªG§A·Q­n¦b¥Ñ source ¤É¯Å®É <command>suidperl</command> ¤º©w
- ±Ò°Ê suid ¥\¯àªº¸Ü¡A½s¿è <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ¥[¤J
- <varname>ENABLE_SUIDPERL=true</varname> µM«á°õ¦æ
- <command>make buildworld</command>¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="ppp">
- <title>PPP</title>
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="userppp">
- <para>I cannot make &man.ppp.8; work. What am I doing wrong?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>You should first read the
- &man.ppp.8;
- man page and the <ulink
- url="../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#USERPPP">
- PPP section of the handbook</ulink>. Enable logging with
- the command</para>
-
- <programlisting>set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command</programlisting>
-
- <para>This command may be typed at the
- &man.ppp.8; command prompt or it may be
- entered in the <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>
- configuration file (the start of the
- <literal>default</literal> section is the best
- place to put it). Make sure that
- <filename>/etc/syslog.conf</filename> (see &man.syslog.conf.5;) contains the lines</para>
-
- <programlisting>!ppp
-*.* /var/log/ppp.log</programlisting>
-
- <para>and that the file <filename>/var/log/ppp.log</filename>
- exists. You can now find out a lot about what is going on
- from the log file. Do not worry if it does not all make sense.
- If you need to get help from someone, it may make sense to
- them.</para>
-
- <para>If your version of &man.ppp.8; does not understand the
- <command>set log</command> command, you should download the
- <ulink url="http://people.FreeBSD.org/~brian/">
- latest version</ulink>. It will build on FreeBSD version
- 2.1.5 and higher.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-hangs">
- <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; hang when I run it?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>This is usually because your hostname will not resolve.
- The best way to fix this is to make sure that
- <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> is consulted by your
- resolver first by editing <filename>/etc/host.conf</filename>
- and putting the <literal>hosts</literal> line first. Then,
- simply put an entry in <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> for
- your local machine. If you have no local network, change your
- <hostid>localhost</hostid> line:</para>
-
- <programlisting>127.0.0.1 foo.bar.com foo localhost</programlisting>
-
- <para>Otherwise, simply add another entry for your host.
- Consult the relevant man pages for more details.</para>
-
- <para>You should be able to successfully
- <command>ping -c1 `hostname`</command> when you are done.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-nodial-auto">
- <para>Why will &man.ppp.8; not dial in <literal>-auto</literal>
- mode?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>First, check that you have got a default route. By running
- <command>netstat -rn</command> (see &man.netstat.1;), you should see two entries like this:</para>
-
- <programlisting>Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire
-default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0
-10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1 UH 0 0 tun0</programlisting>
-
- <para>This is assuming that you have used the addresses from the
- handbook, the man page or from the ppp.conf.sample file.
- If you do not have a default route, it may be because you are
- running an old version of &man.ppp.8;
- that does not understand the word <literal>HISADDR</literal>
- in the ppp.conf file. If your version of
- &man.ppp.8; is from before FreeBSD
- 2.2.5, change the</para>
-
- <programlisting>add 0 0 HISADDR</programlisting>
-
- <para>line to one saying</para>
-
-
- <programlisting>add 0 0 10.0.0.2</programlisting>
-
- <para>Another reason for the default route line being missing
- is that you have mistakenly set up a default router in your
- <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> (see &man.rc.conf.5;) file (this file was called
- <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename> prior to release 2.2.2),
- and you have omitted the line saying</para>
-
- <programlisting>delete ALL</programlisting>
-
- <para>from <filename>ppp.conf</filename>. If this is the case,
- go back to the <ulink
- url="../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#USERPPP-FINAL">
- Final system configuration</ulink> section of the
- handbook.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="no-route-to-host">
- <para>What does <errorname>No route to host</errorname> mean?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>This error is usually due to a missing</para>
-
- <programlisting>MYADDR:
- delete ALL
- add 0 0 HISADDR</programlisting>
-
- <para>section in your <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>
- file. This is only necessary if you have a dynamic IP address
- or do not know the address of your gateway. If you are using
- interactive mode, you can type the following after entering
- <literal>packet mode</literal> (packet mode is
- indicated by the capitalized <acronym>PPP</acronym> in the
- prompt):</para>
-
- <programlisting>delete ALL
-add 0 0 HISADDR</programlisting>
-
- <para>Refer to the <ulink
- url="../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#USERPPP-DYNAMICIP">
- PPP and Dynamic IP addresses</ulink> section of the handbook
- for further details.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="connection-threeminutedrop">
- <para>Why does my connection drop after about 3 minutes?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>The default PPP timeout is 3 minutes. This can be
- adjusted with the line</para>
-
- <programlisting>set timeout <replaceable>NNN</replaceable></programlisting>
-
- <para>where <replaceable>NNN</replaceable> is the number of
- seconds of inactivity before the connection is closed. If
- <replaceable>NNN</replaceable> is zero, the connection is never
- closed due to a timeout. It is possible to put this command in
- the <filename>ppp.conf</filename> file, or to type it at the
- prompt in interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on
- the fly while the line is active by connecting to
- <application>ppp</application>s server socket using
- &man.telnet.1; or &man.pppctl.8;.
- Refer to the
- &man.ppp.8; man
- page for further details.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-drop-heavy-load">
- <para>Why does my connection drop under heavy load?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>If you have Link Quality Reporting (LQR) configured,
- it is possible that too many LQR packets are lost between
- your machine and the peer. Ppp deduces that the line must
- therefore be bad, and disconnects. Prior to FreeBSD version
- 2.2.5, LQR was enabled by default. It is now disabled by
- default. LQR can be disabled with the line</para>
-
- <programlisting>disable lqr</programlisting>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-drop-random">
- <para>Why does my connection drop after a random amount of
- time?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Sometimes, on a noisy phone line or even on a line with
- call waiting enabled, your modem may hang up because it
- thinks (incorrectly) that it lost carrier.</para>
-
- <para>There is a setting on most modems for determining how
- tolerant it should be to temporary losses of carrier. On a
- USR Sportster for example, this is measured by the S10
- register in tenths of a second. To make your modem more
- forgiving, you could add the following send-expect sequence
- to your dial string:</para>
-
- <programlisting>set dial "...... ATS10=10 OK ......"</programlisting>
-
- <para>Refer to your modem manual for details.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-hangs-random">
- <para>Why does my connection hang after a random amount of
- time?</para>
- </question><answer>
-
- <para>Many people experience hung connections with no apparent
- explanation. The first thing to establish is which side of
- the link is hung.</para>
-
- <para>If you are using an external modem, you can simply try
- using &man.ping.8; to see if the
- <acronym>TD</acronym> light is flashing when you transmit data.
- If it flashes (and the <acronym>RD</acronym> light does not),
- the problem is with the remote end. If <acronym>TD</acronym>
- does not flash, the problem is local. With an internal modem,
- you will need to use the <literal>set server</literal> command in
- your <filename>ppp.conf</filename> file. When the hang occurs,
- connect to &man.ppp.8; using &man.pppctl.8;. If your network connection
- suddenly revives (PPP was revived due to the activity on the
- diagnostic socket) or if you cannot connect (assuming the
- <literal>set socket</literal> command succeeded at startup
- time), the problem is local. If you can connect and things are
- still hung, enable local async logging with <literal>set log
- local async</literal> and use &man.ping.8; from
- another window or terminal to make use of the link. The async
- logging will show you the data being transmitted and received
- on the link. If data is going out and not coming back, the
- problem is remote.</para>
-
- <para>Having established whether the problem is local or remote,
- you now have two possibilities:</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-remote-not-responding">
- <para>The remote end is not responding. What can I do?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>There is very little you can do about this. Most ISPs
- will refuse to help if you are not running a Microsoft OS.
- You can <literal>enable lqr</literal> in your
- <filename>ppp.conf</filename> file, allowing &man.ppp.8; to detect
- the remote failure and hang up, but this detection is
- relatively slow and therefore not that useful. You may want to
- avoid telling your ISP that you are running user-PPP...</para>
-
- <para>First, try disabling all local compression by adding the
- following to your configuration:</para>
-
- <programlisting>disable pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj
-deny pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj</programlisting>
-
- <para>Then reconnect to ensure that this makes no difference.
- If things improve or if the problem is solved completely,
- determine which setting makes the difference through trial
- and error. This will provide good ammunition when you contact
- your ISP (although it may make it apparent that you are not
- running a Microsoft product).</para>
-
- <para>Before contacting your ISP, enable async logging locally
- and wait until the connection hangs again. This may use up
- quite a bit of disk space. The last data read from the port
- may be of interest. It is usually ascii data, and may even
- describe the problem
- (<quote>Memory fault, core dumped</quote>?).</para>
-
- <para>If your ISP is helpful, they should be able to enable
- logging on their end, then when the next link drop occurs,
- they may be able to tell you why their side is having a
- problem. Feel free to send the details to &a.brian;, or
- even to ask your ISP to contact me directly.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-hung">
- <para>&man.ppp.8; has hung. What can I do?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Your best bet here is to rebuild &man.ppp.8; by adding
- <literal>CFLAGS+=-g</literal> and <literal>STRIP=</literal>
- to the end of the Makefile, then doing a
- <command>make clean &amp;&amp; make &amp;&amp; make
- install</command>. When &man.ppp.8; hangs, find the &man.ppp.8; process id
- with <command>ps ajxww | fgrep ppp</command> and run
- <command>gdb ppp <replaceable>PID</replaceable></command>.
- From the gdb prompt, you can then use <command>bt</command>
- to get a stack trace.</para>
-
- <para>Send the results to <email>brian@Awfulhak.org</email>.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-loginok-thennothing">
- <para>Why does nothing happen after the <quote>Login OK!</quote>
- message?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, once the link was
- established, &man.ppp.8;
- would wait for the peer to initiate the Line Control Protocol
- (LCP). Many ISPs will not initiate negotiations and expect
- the client to do so. To force
- &man.ppp.8; to initiate the LCP, use the
- following line:</para>
-
- <programlisting>set openmode active</programlisting>
-
- <note>
- <para>It usually does no
- harm if both sides initiate negotiation, so openmode is now
- active by default. However, the next section explains when
- it <emphasis>does</emphasis> do some harm.</para>
- </note>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-same-magic">
- <para>I keep seeing errors about magic being the same. What does
- it mean?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Occasionally, just after connecting, you may see messages
- in the log that say <quote>magic is the same</quote>.
- Sometimes, these messages are harmless, and sometimes one side
- or the other exits. Most PPP implementations cannot survive
- this problem, and even if the link seems to come up, you will see
- repeated configure requests and configure acknowledgments in
- the log file until &man.ppp.8; eventually gives up and closes the
- connection.</para>
-
- <para>This normally happens on server machines with slow disks
- that are spawning a getty on the port, and executing &man.ppp.8; from
- a login script or program after login. I have also heard reports
- of it happening consistently when using slirp. The reason is
- that in the time taken between &man.getty.8; exiting and &man.ppp.8; starting,
- the client-side &man.ppp.8; starts sending Line Control Protocol (LCP)
- packets. Because ECHO is still switched on for the port on
- the server, the client &man.ppp.8; sees these packets
- <quote>reflect</quote> back.</para>
-
- <para>One part of the LCP negotiation is to establish a magic
- number for each side of the link so that
- <quote>reflections</quote> can be detected. The protocol says
- that when the peer tries to negotiate the same magic number, a
- NAK should be sent and a new magic number should be chosen.
- During the period that the server port has ECHO turned on, the
- client &man.ppp.8; sends LCP packets, sees the same magic in the
- reflected packet and NAKs it. It also sees the NAK reflect
- (which also means &man.ppp.8; must change its magic). This produces a
- potentially enormous number of magic number changes, all of
- which are happily piling into the server's tty buffer. As soon
- as &man.ppp.8; starts on the server, it is flooded with magic number
- changes and almost immediately decides it has tried enough to
- negotiate LCP and gives up. Meanwhile, the client, who no
- longer sees the reflections, becomes happy just in time to see
- a hangup from the server.</para>
-
- <para>This can be avoided by allowing the peer to start
- negotiating with the following line in your ppp.conf
- file:</para>
-
- <programlisting>set openmode passive</programlisting>
-
- <para>This tells &man.ppp.8; to wait for the server to initiate LCP
- negotiations. Some servers however may never initiate
- negotiations. If this is the case, you can do something
- like:</para>
-
- <programlisting>set openmode active 3</programlisting>
-
- <para>This tells &man.ppp.8; to be passive for 3 seconds, and then to
- start sending LCP requests. If the peer starts sending
- requests during this period, &man.ppp.8; will immediately respond
- rather than waiting for the full 3 second period.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-lcp-constant">
- <para>LCP negotiations continue until the connection is
- closed. What is wrong?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>There is currently an implementation mis-feature in
- &man.ppp.8; where it does not associate
- LCP, CCP &amp; IPCP responses with their original requests. As
- a result, if one PPP
- implementation is more than 6 seconds slower than the other
- side, the other side will send two additional LCP configuration
- requests. This is fatal.</para>
-
- <para>Consider two implementations,
- <hostid>A</hostid> and
- <hostid>B</hostid>. <hostid>A</hostid> starts
- sending LCP requests immediately after connecting and
- <hostid>B</hostid> takes 7 seconds to start. When
- <hostid>B</hostid> starts, <hostid>A</hostid>
- has sent 3 LCP REQs. We are assuming the line has ECHO switched
- off, otherwise we would see magic number problems as described in
- the previous section. <hostid>B</hostid> sends a
- REQ, then an ACK to the first of
- <hostid>A</hostid>'s REQs. This results in
- <hostid>A</hostid> entering the <acronym>OPENED</acronym>
- state and sending and ACK (the first) back to
- <hostid>B</hostid>. In the meantime,
- <hostid>B</hostid> sends back two more ACKs in response to
- the two additional REQs sent by <hostid>A</hostid>
- before <hostid>B</hostid> started up.
- <hostid>B</hostid> then receives the first ACK from
- <hostid>A</hostid> and enters the
- <acronym>OPENED</acronym> state.
- <hostid>A</hostid> receives the second ACK from
- <hostid>B</hostid> and goes back to the
- <acronym>REQ-SENT</acronym> state, sending another (forth) REQ
- as per the RFC. It then receives the third ACK and enters the
- <acronym>OPENED</acronym> state. In the meantime,
- <hostid>B</hostid> receives the forth REQ from
- <hostid>A</hostid>, resulting in it reverting to the
- <acronym>ACK-SENT</acronym> state and sending
- another (second) REQ and (forth) ACK as per the RFC.
- <hostid>A</hostid> gets the REQ, goes into
- <acronym>REQ-SENT</acronym> and sends another REQ. It
- immediately receives the following ACK and enters
- <acronym>OPENED</acronym>.</para>
-
- <para>This goes on until one side figures out that they are
- getting nowhere and gives up.</para>
-
- <para>The best way to avoid this is to configure one side to be
- <literal>passive</literal> - that is, make one side
- wait for the other to start negotiating. This can be done
- with the</para>
-
- <programlisting>set openmode passive</programlisting>
-
- <para>command. Care should be taken with this option. You
- should also use the</para>
-
- <programlisting>set stopped N</programlisting>
-
- <para>command to limit the amount of time that
- &man.ppp.8; waits for the peer to begin
- negotiations. Alternatively, the</para>
-
- <programlisting>set openmode active N</programlisting>
-
- <para>command (where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the
- number of seconds to wait before starting negotiations) can be
- used. Check the manual page for details.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-lockups">
- <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; lock up shortly after connection?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Prior to version 2.2.5 of FreeBSD, it was possible that
- your link was disabled shortly after connection due to
- &man.ppp.8; mis-handling Predictor1
- compression negotiation. This would only happen if both sides
- tried to negotiate different Compression Control Protocols
- (CCP). This problem is now corrected, but if you are still
- running an old version of &man.ppp.8;
- the problem can be circumvented with the line</para>
-
- <programlisting>disable pred1</programlisting>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-shell-test-lockup">
- <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; lock up when I shell out to test it?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>When you execute the <command>shell</command> or
- <command>!</command> command, &man.ppp.8; executes a
- shell (or if you have passed any arguments,
- &man.ppp.8; will execute those arguments). Ppp will
- wait for the command to complete before continuing. If you
- attempt to use the PPP link while running the command, the link
- will appear to have frozen. This is because
- &man.ppp.8; is waiting for the command to
- complete.</para>
-
- <para>If you wish to execute commands like this, use the
- <command>!bg</command> command instead. This will execute
- the given command in the background, and &man.ppp.8; can continue to
- service the link.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-nullmodem">
- <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; over a null-modem cable never exit?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>There is no way for &man.ppp.8; to
- automatically determine that a direct connection has been
- dropped. This is due to the lines that are used in a
- null-modem serial cable. When using this sort of connection,
- LQR should always be enabled with the line</para>
-
- <programlisting>enable lqr</programlisting>
-
- <para>LQR is accepted by default if negotiated by the peer.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-auto-noreasondial">
- <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; dial for no reason in -auto mode?</para>
- </question><answer>
-
- <para>If &man.ppp.8; is dialing
- unexpectedly, you must determine the cause, and set up Dial
- filters (dfilters) to prevent such dialing.</para>
-
- <para>To determine the cause, use the following line:</para>
-
- <programlisting>set log +tcp/ip</programlisting>
-
- <para>This will log all traffic through the connection. The
- next time the line comes up unexpectedly, you will see the
- reason logged with a convenient timestamp next to it.</para>
-
- <para>You can now disable dialing under these circumstances.
- Usually, this sort of problem arises due to DNS lookups. To
- prevent DNS lookups from establishing a connection (this will
- <emphasis>not</emphasis> prevent
- &man.ppp.8; from passing the packets
- through an established connection), use the following:</para>
-
- <programlisting>set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53
-set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53
-set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0</programlisting>
-
- <para>This is not always suitable, as it will effectively break
- your demand-dial capabilities - most programs will need a DNS
- lookup before doing any other network related things.</para>
-
- <para>In the DNS case, you should try to determine what is
- actually trying to resolve a host name. A lot of the time,
- &man.sendmail.8; is the culprit. You should make sure that
- you tell sendmail not to do any DNS lookups in its
- configuration file. See the section on
- <link linkend="ispmail">Mail Configuration</link> for details
- on how to create your own configuration file and what should
- go into it. You may also want to add the following line to
- your <filename>.mc</filename> file:</para>
-
- <programlisting>define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl</programlisting>
-
- <para>This will make sendmail queue everything until the queue
- is run (usually, sendmail is invoked with
- <option>-bd -q30m</option>, telling it to run the queue every
- 30 minutes) or until a <command>sendmail -q</command> is done
- (perhaps from your ppp.linkup file).</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ccp-errors">
- <para>What do these CCP errors mean?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>I keep seeing the following errors in my log file:</para>
-
- <programlisting>CCP: CcpSendConfigReq
-CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6)</programlisting>
-
- <para>This is because &man.ppp.8; is trying to negotiate Predictor1
- compression, and the peer does not want to negotiate any
- compression at all. The messages are harmless, but if you
- wish to remove them, you can disable Predictor1 compression
- locally too:</para>
-
- <programlisting>disable pred1</programlisting>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-lockup-ioerrors">
- <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; lock up during file transfers with IO
- errors?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Under FreeBSD 2.2.2 and before, there was a bug in the
- tun driver that prevents incoming packets of a size larger
- than the tun interface's MTU size. Receipt of a packet
- greater than the MTU size results in an IO error being logged
- via syslogd.</para>
-
- <para>The PPP specification says that an MRU of 1500 should
- <emphasis>always</emphasis> be accepted as a minimum,
- despite any LCP negotiations, therefore it is possible that
- should you decrease the MTU to less than 1500, your ISP will
- transmit packets of 1500 regardless, and you will tickle this
- non-feature - locking up your link.</para>
-
- <para>The problem can be circumvented by never setting an MTU of
- less than 1500 under FreeBSD 2.2.2 or before.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-connectionspeed">
- <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; not log my connection speed?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
-
- <para>In order to log all lines of your modem
- <quote>conversation</quote>, you must enable the
- following:</para>
-
- <programlisting>set log +connect</programlisting>
-
- <para>This will make &man.ppp.8; log
- everything up until the last requested <quote>expect</quote>
- string.</para>
-
- <para>If you wish to see your connect speed and are using PAP
- or CHAP (and therefore do not have anything to
- <quote>chat</quote> after the CONNECT in the dial script - no
- <literal>set login</literal> script), you must make sure that
- you instruct &man.ppp.8; to <quote>expect</quote> the whole CONNECT
- line, something like this:</para>
-
- <programlisting>set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \
- \"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n"</programlisting>
-
- <para>Here, we get our CONNECT, send nothing, then expect a
- line-feed, forcing &man.ppp.8; to read
- the whole CONNECT response.</para>
-
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-ignores-backslash">
- <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; ignore the <literal>\</literal> character
- in my chat script?</para>
- </question><answer>
-
- <para>Ppp parses each line in your config files so that it can
- interpret strings such as
- <literal>set phone "123 456 789"</literal> correctly (and
- realize that the number is actually only
- <emphasis>one</emphasis> argument. In order to specify a
- <literal>&quot;</literal> character, you must escape it
- using a backslash (<literal>\</literal>).</para>
-
- <para>When the chat interpreter parses each argument, it
- re-interprets the argument in order to find any special
- escape sequences such as <literal>\P</literal> or
- <literal>\T</literal> (see the man page). As a result of this
- double-parsing, you must remember to use the correct number of
- escapes.</para>
-
- <para>If you wish to actually send a <literal>\</literal>
- character to (say) your modem, you would need something
- like:</para>
-
- <programlisting>set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK"</programlisting>
-
- <para>resulting in the following sequence:</para>
-
- <programlisting>ATZ
-OK
-AT\X
-OK</programlisting>
-
- <para>or</para>
-
- <programlisting>set phone 1234567
-set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T"</programlisting>
-
- <para>resulting in the following sequence:</para>
-
- <programlisting>ATZ
-OK
-ATDT1234567</programlisting>
-
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-segfault-nocore">
- <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; get a seg-fault, but I see no
- <filename>ppp.core</filename> file?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Ppp (or any other program for that matter) should never
- dump core. Because &man.ppp.8; runs with an effective user id of 0,
- the operating system will not write &man.ppp.8;'s core image to disk
- before terminating it. If, however &man.ppp.8;
- is actually terminating due to a
- segmentation violation or some other signal that normally
- causes core to be dumped, <emphasis>and</emphasis>
- you are sure you are using the latest version (see the start of
- this section), then you should do the following:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>tar xfz ppp-*.src.tar.gz</userinput>
-&prompt.user; <userinput>cd ppp*/ppp</userinput>
-&prompt.user; <userinput>echo STRIP= &gt;&gt;Makefile</userinput>
-&prompt.user; <userinput>echo CFLAGS+=-g &gt;&gt;Makefile</userinput>
-&prompt.user; <userinput>make clean all</userinput>
-&prompt.user; <userinput>su</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 555 /usr/sbin/ppp</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>You will now have a debuggable version of &man.ppp.8; installed.
- You will have to be <username>root</username> to run &man.ppp.8; as all of its privileges
- have been revoked. When you start &man.ppp.8;, take a careful note
- of what your current directory was at the time.</para>
-
- <para>Now, if and when &man.ppp.8; receives the segmentation violation,
- it will dump a core file called <filename>ppp.core</filename>. You should then do
- the following:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>su</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>gdb /usr/sbin/ppp ppp.core</userinput>
-<prompt>(gdb)</prompt> <userinput>bt</userinput>
-.....
-<prompt>(gdb)</prompt> <userinput>f 0</userinput>
-....
-<prompt>(gdb)</prompt> <userinput>i args</userinput>
-....
-<prompt>(gdb)</prompt> <userinput>l</userinput>
-.....</screen>
-
- <para>All of this information should be given alongside your
- question, making it possible to diagnose the problem.</para>
-
- <para>If you are familiar with gdb, you may wish to find out some
- other bits and pieces such as what actually caused the dump and
- the addresses &amp; values of the relevant variables.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-autodialprocess-noconnect">
- <para>Why does the process that forces a dial in auto mode never
- connect?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>This was a known problem with
- &man.ppp.8; set up to negotiate a
- dynamic local IP number with the peer in auto mode. It is
- fixed in the latest version - search the man page for
- <literal>iface</literal>.</para>
-
- <para>The problem was that when that initial program calls
- &man.connect.2;, the IP number of the tun interface is assigned
- to the socket endpoint. The kernel creates the first outgoing
- packet and writes it to the tun device.
- &man.ppp.8; then reads the packet and
- establishes a connection. If, as a result of
- &man.ppp.8;'s dynamic IP assignment, the
- interface address is changed, the original socket endpoint will
- be invalid. Any subsequent packets sent to the peer will
- usually be dropped. Even if they are not, any responses will
- not route back to the originating machine as the IP number is
- no longer owned by that machine.</para>
-
- <para>There are several theoretical ways to approach this
- problem. It would be nicest if the peer would re-assign the
- same IP number if possible <literal>:-)</literal>
- The current version of &man.ppp.8; does
- this, but most other implementations do not.</para>
-
- <para>The easiest method from our side would be to never change
- the tun interface IP number, but instead to change all outgoing
- packets so that the source IP number is changed from the
- interface IP to the negotiated IP on the fly. This is
- essentially what the <literal>iface-alias</literal> option in
- the latest version of &man.ppp.8; is
- doing (with the help of
- &man.libalias.3; and &man.ppp.8;'s <option>-nat</option> switch) -
- it is maintaining all previous interface addresses and NATing
- them to the last negotiated address.</para>
-
- <para>Another alternative (and probably the most reliable) would
- be to implement a system call that changes all bound sockets
- from one IP to another. &man.ppp.8; would
- use this call to modify the sockets of all existing programs
- when a new IP number is negotiated. The same system call could
- be used by dhcp clients when they are forced to re-bind() their
- sockets.</para>
-
- <para>Yet another possibility is to allow an interface to be
- brought up without an IP number. Outgoing packets would be
- given an IP number of 255.255.255.255 up until the first
- SIOCAIFADDR ioctl is done. This would result in fully binding
- the socket. It would be up to &man.ppp.8;
- to change the source IP number, but only if it is set to
- 255.255.255.255, and only the IP number and IP checksum would
- need to change. This, however is a bit of a hack as the kernel
- would be sending bad packets to an improperly configured
- interface, on the assumption that some other mechanism is
- capable of fixing things retrospectively.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ppp-nat-games">
- <para>Why do most games not work with the -nat switch?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>The reason games and the like do not work when libalias
- is in use is that the machine on the outside will try to open a
- connection or send (unsolicited) UDP packets to the machine on
- the inside. The NAT software does not know that it should send
- these packets to the interior machine.</para>
-
- <para>To make things work, make sure that the only thing
- running is the software that you are having problems with, then
- either run tcpdump on the tun interface of the gateway or
- enable &man.ppp.8; tcp/ip logging (<literal>set log +tcp/ip</literal>)
- on the gateway.</para>
-
- <para>When you start the offending software, you should see
- packets passing through the gateway machine. When something
- comes back from the outside, it will be dropped (that is the
- problem). Note the port number of these packets then shut down
- the offending software. Do this a few times to see if the port
- numbers are consistent. If they are, then the following line in
- the relevant section of <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> will make the
- software functional:</para>
-
- <programlisting>nat port <replaceable>proto</replaceable> <replaceable>internalmachine</replaceable>:<replaceable>port</replaceable> <replaceable>port</replaceable></programlisting>
-
- <para>where <replaceable>proto</replaceable> is either
- <literal>tcp</literal> or <literal>udp</literal>,
- <replaceable>internalmachine</replaceable> is the machine that
- you want the packets to be sent to and
- <replaceable>port</replaceable> is the destination port number
- of the packets.</para>
-
- <para>You will not be able to use the software on other machines
- without changing the above command, and running the software
- on two internal machines at the same time is out of the question
- - after all, the outside world is seeing your entire internal
- network as being just a single machine.</para>
-
- <para>If the port numbers are not consistent, there are three
- more options:</para>
-
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Submit support in
- libalias. Examples of <quote>special cases</quote> can be found
- in <filename>/usr/src/lib/libalias/alias_*.c</filename>
- (<filename>alias_ftp.c</filename> is a good prototype). This
- usually involves reading certain recognised outgoing packets,
- identifying the instruction that tells the outside machine to
- initiate a connection back to the internal machine on a
- specific (random) port and setting up a <quote>route</quote> in
- the alias table so that the subsequent packets know where to
- go.</para>
-
- <para>This is the most difficult solution, but it is the best
- and will make the software work with multiple machines.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Use a proxy. The
- application may support socks5 for example, or (as in the
- <quote>cvsup</quote> case) may have a <quote>passive</quote>
- option that avoids ever requesting that the peer open
- connections back to the local machine.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Redirect everything to
- the internal machine using <literal>nat addr</literal>. This
- is the sledge-hammer approach.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="useful-port-numbers">
- <para>Has anybody made a list of useful port numbers?</para>
- </question><answer>
-
- <para>Not yet, but this is intended to grow into such a list
- (if any interest is shown). In each example,
- <replaceable>internal</replaceable> should be replaced with
- the IP number of the machine playing the game.</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><application>Asheron's Call</application></para>
-
- <para><literal>nat port udp
- <replaceable>internal</replaceable>
- :65000 65000</literal></para>
-
- <para>Manually change the port number within the game to
- 65000. If you have got a number of machines that you wish
- to play on assign a unique port number for each (i.e.
- 65001, 65002, etc) and add a <literal>nat port</literal>
- line for each one.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><application>Half Life</application></para>
-
- <para><literal>nat port udp
- <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:27005
- 27015</literal></para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><application>PCAnywhere 8.0</application></para>
-
- <para><literal>nat port udp
- <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:5632
- 5632</literal></para>
-
- <para><literal>nat port tcp
- <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:5631
- 5631</literal></para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><application>Quake</application></para>
-
- <para><literal>nat port udp
- <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:6112
- 6112</literal></para>
-
- <para>Alternatively, you may want to take a look at <ulink
- url="http://www.battle.net/support/proxy/">
- www.battle.net</ulink> for Quake proxy support.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><application>Quake 2</application></para>
-
- <para><literal>nat port udp
- <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:27901
- 27910</literal></para>
- <para><literal>nat port udp
- <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:60021
- 60021</literal></para>
- <para><literal>nat port udp
- <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:60040
- 60040</literal></para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><application>Red Alert</application></para>
-
- <para><literal>nat port udp
- <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:8675
- 8675</literal></para>
-
- <para><literal>nat port udp
- <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:5009
- 5009</literal></para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="fcs-errors">
- <para>What are FCS errors?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FCS stands for <literal>F</literal>rame
- <literal>C</literal>heck
- <literal>S</literal>equence. Each PPP packet
- has a checksum attached to ensure that the data being
- received is the data being sent. If the FCS of an incoming
- packet is incorrect, the packet is dropped and the HDLC FCS
- count is increased. The HDLC error values can be displayed
- using the <literal>show hdlc</literal> command.</para>
-
- <para>If your link is bad (or if your serial driver is dropping
- packets), you will see the occasional FCS error. This is not
- usually worth worrying about although it does slow down the
- compression protocols substantially. If you have an external
- modem, make sure your cable is properly shielded from
- interference - this may eradicate the problem.</para>
-
- <para>If your link freezes as soon as you have connected and you
- see a large number of FCS errors, this may be because your link
- is not 8 bit clean. Make sure your modem is not using software
- flow control (XON/XOFF). If your datalink
- <emphasis>must</emphasis> use software flow control, use the
- command <literal>set accmap 0x000a0000</literal> to tell
- &man.ppp.8; to escape the <literal>^Q</literal> and
- <literal>^S</literal> characters.</para>
-
- <para>Another reason for seeing too many FCS errors may be that
- the remote end has stopped talking <acronym>PPP</acronym>. You
- may want to enable <literal>async</literal> logging at this
- point to determine if the incoming data is actually a login or
- shell prompt. If you have a shell prompt at the remote end,
- it is possible to terminate &man.ppp.8; without dropping the line by
- using the <literal>close lcp</literal> command (a following
- <literal>term</literal> command will reconnect you to the shell
- on the remote machine.</para>
-
- <para>If nothing in your log file indicates why the link might
- have been terminated, you should ask the remote administrator
- (your ISP?) why the session was terminated.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry id="PPPoEwithNAT">
- <question id="macos-win98-pppoe-freeze">
- <para>Why do MacOS and Windows 98 connections freeze when
- running PPPoE on the gateway?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Thanks to Michael Wozniak
- <email>mwozniak@netcom.ca</email> for figuring this out and
- Dan Flemming <email>danflemming@mac.com</email> for the Mac
- solution:</para>
-
- <para>This is due to what is called a <quote>Black Hole</quote>
- router. MacOS and Windows 98 (and maybe other Microsoft OSs)
- send TCP packets with a requested segment size too big to fit
- into a PPPoE frame (MTU is 1500 by default for Ethernet)
- <emphasis>and</emphasis> have the <quote>do not
- fragment</quote> bit set (default of TCP) and the Telco router
- is not sending ICMP <quote>must fragment</quote> back to the
- www site you are trying to load. (Alternatively, the router is
- sending the ICMP packet correctly, but the firewall at the www
- site is dropping it.) When the www server is sending
- you frames that do not fit into the PPPoE pipe the Telco router
- drops them on the floor and your page does not load (some
- pages/graphics do as they are smaller than a MSS.) This seems
- to be the default of most Telco PPPoE configurations (if only
- they knew how to program a router... sigh...)</para>
-
- <para>One fix is to use regedit on your 95/98 boxes to add the
- following registry entry...</para>
-
- <programlisting>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Class\NetTrans\0000\MaxMTU</programlisting>
-
- <para>It should be a string with a value <quote>1436</quote>, as
- some ADSL routers are reported to be unable to deal with packets
- larger than this. This registry key has been changed to
- <literal>Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\<replaceable>ID for adapter</replaceable>\MTU</literal>
- in Windows 2000 and becomes a DWORD.</para>
-
- <para>Refer to the Microsoft Knowledge Base documents <ulink
- url="http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q158/4/74.asp">Q158474
- - Windows TCPIP Registry Entries</ulink> and <ulink
- url="http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q120/6/42.asp">Q120642
- - TCPIP & NBT Configuration Parameters for Windows
- NT</ulink> for more information on changing Windows MTU to
- work with a NAT router.</para>
-
- <para>Another regedit possibility under Windows 2000 is to
- set the
- <literal>Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\<replaceable>ID for
- adapter</replaceable>\EnablePMTUBHDetect</literal> DWORD
- to 1 as mentioned in the Microsoft document 120642
- mentioned above.</para>
-
- <para>Unfortunately, MacOS does not provide an interface for
- changing TCP/IP settings. However, there is commercial software
- available, such as OTAdvancedTuner (OT for OpenTransport, the
- MacOS TCP/IP stack) by <ulink
- url="http://www.softworks.com/">Sustainable Softworks</ulink>,
- that will allow users to customize TCP/IP settings. MacOS NAT
- users should select <literal>ip_interface_MTU</literal> from
- the drop-down menu, enter <literal>1450</literal> instead of
- <literal>1500</literal> in the box, click the box next to
- <literal>Save as Auto Configure</literal>, and click
- <literal>Make Active</literal>.</para>
-
- <para>The latest version of &man.ppp.8;
- (2.3 or greater) has an <command>enable tcpmssfixup</command>
- command that will automatically adjust the MSS to an appropriate
- value. This facility is enabled by default. If you are stuck
- with an older version of &man.ppp.8;, you
- may want to look at the <application>tcpmssd</application>
- port.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="desperation">
- <para>None of this helps - I am desperate! What can I do?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>If all else fails, send as much information as you can,
- including your config files, how you are starting
- &man.ppp.8;, the relevant parts of your
- log file and the output of the <command>netstat -rn</command>
- command (before and after connecting) to the &a.questions; or
- the <ulink url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc">
- comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc</ulink> news group, and someone
- should point you in the right direction.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="serial">
- <title>Serial Communications</title>
-
- <para>This section answers common questions about serial
- communications with FreeBSD. PPP and SLIP are covered in the
- <xref linkend="networking" remap="Networking"/> section.</para>
-
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="found-serial">
- <para>How do I tell if FreeBSD found my serial ports?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>As the FreeBSD kernel boots, it will probe for the serial
- ports in your system for which the kernel was configured.
- You can either watch your system closely for the messages it
- prints or run the command</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>dmesg | grep sio</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>after your system is up and running.</para>
-
- <para>Here is some example output from the above command:</para>
-
- <programlisting>sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa
-sio0: type 16550A
-sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa
-sio1: type 16550A</programlisting>
-
- <para>This shows two serial ports. The first is on irq 4, is
- using port address <literal>0x3f8</literal>, and has a
- 16550A-type UART chip. The second uses the same kind of chip
- but is on irq 3 and is at port address <literal>0x2f8</literal>.
- Internal modem cards are treated just like serial ports---except
- that they always have a modem <quote>attached</quote> to the
- port.</para>
-
- <para>The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel includes support
- for two serial ports using the same irq and port address
- settings in the above example. If these settings are not
- right for your system, or if you have added modem cards or have
- more serial ports than your kernel is configured for, just
- reconfigure your kernel. See section
- <link linkend="make-kernel">about building a kernel</link> for
- more details.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="found-modem">
- <para>How do I tell if FreeBSD found my modem cards?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Refer to the answer to the previous question.</para>
-
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="missing-tty0X">
- <para>I just upgraded to 2.0.5 and my
- <devicename>tty0<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename>
- are missing! How do I solve this problem?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Do not worry, they have been merged with the
- <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> devices. You will have to change
- any old configuration files you have, though.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="access-serial-ports">
- <para>How do I access the serial ports on FreeBSD?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>The third serial port,
- <devicename>sio2</devicename>
- (see &man.sio.4;, known as COM3 in DOS), is on <devicename>/dev/cuaa2</devicename>
- for dial-out devices, and on <devicename>/dev/ttyd2</devicename>
- for dial-in devices. What is the difference between these two
- classes of devices?</para>
-
- <para>You use <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> for dial-ins. When
- opening <devicename>/dev/ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> in blocking mode, a
- process will wait for the corresponding
- <devicename>cuaa<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> device to become inactive, and then
- wait for the carrier detect line to go active. When you open
- the <devicename>cuaa<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> device, it makes sure the serial
- port is not already in use by the <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename>
- device. If the port is available, it <quote>steals</quote> it
- from the <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> device. Also, the
- <devicename>cuaa<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> device does not care about carrier
- detect. With this scheme and an auto-answer modem, you can have
- remote users log in and you can still dial out with the same
- modem and the system will take care of all the
- conflicts.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="enable-multiport-serial">
- <para>How do I enable support for a multiport serial
- card?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Again, the section on kernel configuration provides
- information about configuring your kernel. For a multiport
- serial card, place an &man.sio.4; line
- for each serial port on the card in the kernel configuration
- file. But place the irq and vector specifiers on only one of
- the entries. All of the ports on the card should share one irq.
- For consistency, use the last serial port to specify the irq.
- Also, specify the <literal>COM_MULTIPORT</literal>
- option.</para>
-
- <para>The following example is for an AST 4-port serial card on
- irq 7:</para>
-
- <programlisting>options "COM_MULTIPORT"
-device sio4 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty flags 0x781
-device sio5 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x781
-device sio6 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x781
-device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr</programlisting>
-
- <para>The flags indicate that the master port has minor number 7
- (<literal>0x700</literal>), diagnostics enabled during probe
- (<literal>0x080</literal>), and all the ports share an irq
- (<literal>0x001</literal>).</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="multiport-serial-share-irq">
- <para>Can FreeBSD handle multiport serial cards sharing
- irqs?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Not yet. You will have to use a different irq for each
- card.</para>
-
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="default-serial-params">
- <para>Can I set the default serial parameters for a
- port?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>The <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> (or
- <devicename>cuaa<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename>) device is the regular device
- you will want to open for your applications. When a process
- opens the device, it will have a default set of terminal I/O
- settings. You can see these settings with the command</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>stty -a -f /dev/ttyd1</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>When you change the settings to this device, the settings
- are in effect until the device is closed. When it is reopened,
- it goes back to the default set. To make changes to the
- default set, you can open and adjust the settings of the
- <quote>initial state</quote> device. For example, to turn on
- <acronym>CLOCAL</acronym> mode, 8 bits, and
- <acronym>XON/XOFF</acronym> flow control by default for
- ttyd5, do:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>stty -f /dev/ttyid5 clocal cs8 ixon ixoff</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>A good place to do this is in
- <filename>/etc/rc.serial</filename>. Now, an application will
- have these settings by default when it opens
- <filename>ttyd5</filename>. It can still change these settings
- to its liking, though.</para>
-
- <para>You can also prevent certain settings from being changed
- by an application by making adjustments to the
- <quote>lock state</quote> device. For example, to lock the
- speed of <devicename>ttyd5</devicename> to 57600 bps, do</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>stty -f /dev/ttyld5 57600</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>Now, an application that opens <devicename>ttyd5</devicename>
- and tries to change the speed of the port will be stuck with
- 57600 bps.</para>
-
- <para>Naturally, you should make the initial state and lock state
- devices writable only by <username>root</username>. The
- &man.MAKEDEV.8;
- script does <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> do this when it creates the
- device entries.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="enable-dialup">
- <para>How can I enable dialup logins on my modem?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>So you want to become an Internet service provider, eh?
- First, you will need one or more modems that can auto-answer.
- Your modem will need to assert carrier-detect when it detects a
- carrier and not assert it all the time. It will need to hang up
- the phone and reset itself when the data terminal ready
- (<acronym>DTR</acronym>) line goes from on to off. It should
- probably use <filename>RTS/CTS</filename> flow control or no
- local flow control at all. Finally, it must use a constant
- speed between the computer and itself, but (to be nice to your
- callers) it should negotiate a speed between itself and the
- remote modem.</para>
-
- <para>For many Hayes command-set--compatible modems, this
- command will make these settings and store them in
- nonvolatile memory:</para>
-
- <programlisting>AT &amp;C1 &amp;D3 &amp;K3 &amp;Q6 S0=1 &amp;W</programlisting>
-
- <para>See the section <link linkend="direct-at">on sending AT
- commands</link> below for information on how to make these
- settings without resorting to an MS-DOS terminal program.</para>
-
- <para>Next, make an entry in
- <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> (see &man.ttys.5;) for the modem. This file lists all the ports
- on which the operating system will await logins. Add a line
- that looks something like this:</para>
-
- <programlisting>ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.57600" dialup on insecure</programlisting>
-
- <para>This line indicates that the second serial port
- (<devicename>/dev/ttyd1</devicename>) has a modem connected
- running at 57600 bps and no parity
- (<literal>std.57600</literal>, which comes from the file
- <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>, see &man.gettytab.5;).
- The terminal type for this port is <literal>dialup</literal>.
- The port is <literal>on</literal> and is
- <literal>insecure</literal>---meaning <username>root</username>
- logins on the port are not allowed. For dialin ports like this one,
- use the <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename>
- entry.</para>
-
- <para>It is common practice to use <literal>dialup</literal> as
- the terminal type. Many users set up in their <filename>.profile</filename> or
- <filename>.login</filename> files a prompt for the actual terminal type if the
- starting type is dialup. The example shows the port as
- insecure. To become <username>root</username> on this port, you
- have to login as a regular user, then &man.su.1; to become
- <username>root</username>. If you use <literal>secure</literal>
- then <username>root</username> can login in directly.</para>
-
- <para>After making modifications to
- <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, you need to send a hangup or
- <acronym>HUP</acronym> signal to the
- &man.init.8; process:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -HUP 1</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>This forces the &man.init.8; process to reread
- <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. The init process will then start getty
- processes on all <literal>on</literal> ports. You can find
- out if logins are available for your port by typing</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ps -ax | grep '[t]tyd1'</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>You should see something like:</para>
-
- <programlisting>747 ?? I 0:00.04 /usr/libexec/getty std.57600 ttyd1</programlisting>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="dumb-terminal">
- <para>How can I connect a dumb terminal to my FreeBSD
- box?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>If you are using another computer as a terminal into your
- FreeBSD system, get a null modem cable to go between the two
- serial ports. If you are using an actual terminal, see its
- accompanying instructions.</para>
-
- <para>Then, modify
- <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> (see &man.ttys.5;), like above. For example, if you are
- hooking up a WYSE-50 terminal to the fifth serial port,
- use an entry like this:</para>
-
- <programlisting>ttyd4 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wyse50 on secure</programlisting>
-
- <para>This example shows that the port on
- <devicename>/dev/ttyd4</devicename> has a wyse50 terminal
- connected at 38400 bps with no parity
- (<literal>std.38400</literal> from
- <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>, see &man.gettytab.5;) and <username>root</username> logins are
- allowed (<literal>secure</literal>).</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="cannot-tip">
- <para>Why can I not run <command>tip</command> or
- <command>cu</command>?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>On your system, the programs &man.tip.1;
- and &man.cu.1;
- are probably executable only by
- <username>uucp</username>
- and group <groupname>dialer</groupname>. You can use the group
- <groupname>dialer</groupname> to control who has access to your
- modem or remote systems. Just add yourself to group
- dialer.</para>
-
- <para>Alternatively, you can let everyone on your system
- run &man.tip.1; and &man.cu.1; by
- typing:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 4511 /usr/bin/cu</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip</userinput></screen>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="hayes-unsupported">
- <para>My stock Hayes modem is not supported---what
- can I do?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Actually, the man page for &man.tip.1; is
- out of date. There is a generic Hayes dialer already built in.
- Just use <literal>at=hayes</literal> in your
- <filename>/etc/remote</filename> (see &man.remote.5;) file.</para>
-
- <para>The Hayes driver is not smart enough to recognize some of
- the advanced features of newer modems---messages like
- <literal>BUSY</literal>, <literal>NO DIALTONE</literal>, or
- <literal>CONNECT 115200</literal> will just confuse it. You
- should turn those messages off when you use &man.tip.1;
- (using <literal>ATX0&amp;W</literal>).</para>
-
- <para>Also, the dial timeout for &man.tip.1; is 60
- seconds. Your modem should use something less, or else tip
- will think there is a communication problem. Try
- <literal>ATS7=45&amp;W</literal>.</para>
-
- <para>Actually, as shipped &man.tip.1; does not yet
- support it fully. The solution is to edit the file
- <filename>tipconf.h</filename> in the directory
- <filename>/usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip</filename>. Obviously you
- need the source distribution to do this.</para>
-
- <para>Edit the line <literal>#define HAYES 0</literal>
- to <literal>#define HAYES 1</literal>. Then
- <command>make</command> and <command>make install</command>.
- Everything works nicely after that.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="direct-at">
- <para>How am I expected to enter these AT commands?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Make what is called a <quote>direct</quote> entry in your
- <filename>/etc/remote</filename> file (see &man.remote.5;). For example, if your modem is hooked
- up to the first serial port, <devicename>/dev/cuaa0</devicename>,
- then put in the following line:</para>
-
- <programlisting>cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none</programlisting>
-
- <para>Use the highest bps rate your modem supports in the br
- capability. Then, type
- <command>tip <devicename>cuaa0</devicename></command> (see &man.tip.1;)
- and you will be connected to your modem.</para>
-
- <para>If there is no <devicename>/dev/cuaa0</devicename> on your
- system, do this:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV cuaa0</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>Or use cu as <username>root</username> with the following command:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cu -l<replaceable>line</replaceable> -s<replaceable>speed</replaceable></userinput></screen>
-
- <para>with <replaceable>line</replaceable> being the serial port (e.g.
- <devicename>/dev/cuaa0</devicename>) and <replaceable>speed</replaceable> being the speed
- (e.g.<literal>57600</literal>). When you are done entering
- the AT commands hit <literal>~.</literal> to exit.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="gt-failure">
- <para>Why does the <literal>&lt;@&gt;</literal> sign for the pn
- capability not work?</para></question><answer>
-
- <para>The <literal>&lt;@&gt;</literal> sign in the phone number
- capability tells tip to look in
- <filename>/etc/phones</filename> for a phone number. But the
- <literal>&lt;@&gt;</literal> sign is also a special character
- in capability files like <filename>/etc/remote</filename>.
- Escape it with a backslash:</para>
-
- <programlisting>pn=\@</programlisting>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="dial-command-line">
- <para>How can I dial a phone number on the command
- line?</para>
- </question><answer>
-
- <para>Put what is called a <quote>generic</quote> entry in your
- <filename>/etc/remote</filename> file (see &man.remote.5;). For example:</para>
-
- <programlisting>tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\
- :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
-tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\
- :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:</programlisting>
-
- <para>Then you can do something like <command>tip -115200
- 5551234</command>. If you prefer &man.cu.1;
- over
- &man.tip.1;, use a generic cu entry:</para>
-
- <programlisting>cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\
- :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:</programlisting>
-
- <para>and type <command>cu 5551234 -s 115200</command>.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="set-bps">
- <para>Do I have to type in the bps rate every time I do
- that?</para>
- </question><answer>
-
- <para>Put in an entry for <literal>tip1200</literal> or
- <literal>cu1200</literal>, but go ahead and use whatever bps
- rate is appropriate with the br capability.
- &man.tip.1;
- thinks a good default is 1200 bps which is why it looks for
- a <literal>tip1200</literal> entry. You do not have to use 1200
- bps, though.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="terminal-server">
- <para>How can I more easily access a number of hosts through a
- terminal server?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Rather than waiting until you are connected and typing
- <literal>CONNECT <replaceable>host</replaceable></literal>
- each time, use tip's <literal>cm</literal> capability. For
- example, these entries in
- <filename>/etc/remote</filename> (see &man.remote.5;):</para>
-
- <programlisting>pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\
- :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13:
-muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\
- :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13:
-deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\
- :dv=/dev/cuaa2:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234:</programlisting>
-
- <para>will let you type <command>tip pain</command> or
- <command>tip muffin</command> to connect to the hosts
- <hostid>pain</hostid> or <hostid>muffin</hostid>; and
- <command>tip deep13</command> to get to the terminal
- server.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="tip-multiline">
- <para>Can tip try more than one line for each site?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>This is often a problem where a university has several
- modem lines and several thousand students trying to use
- them...</para>
-
- <para>Make an entry for your university in
- <filename>/etc/remote</filename> (see &man.remote.5;) and use <literal>&lt;\@&gt;</literal> for
- the <literal>pn</literal> capability:</para>
-
- <programlisting>big-university:\
- :pn=\@:tc=dialout
-dialout:\
- :dv=/dev/cuaa3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none:</programlisting>
-
- <para>Then, list the phone numbers for the university in
- <filename>/etc/phones</filename> (see &man.phones.5;):</para>
-
- <programlisting>big-university 5551111
-big-university 5551112
-big-university 5551113
-big-university 5551114</programlisting>
-
- <para>&man.tip.1;
- will try each one in the listed order, then give
- up. If you want to keep retrying, run &man.tip.1;
- in a while loop.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="multi-controlp">
- <para>Why do I have to hit CTRL+P twice to send CTRL+P
- once?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>CTRL+P is the default <quote>force</quote> character,
- used to tell &man.tip.1;
- that the next character is literal data. You can set the
- force character to any other character with the
- <literal>~s</literal> escape, which means <quote>set a
- variable</quote>.</para>
-
- <para>Type <literal>~sforce=<replaceable>single-char
- </replaceable></literal> followed by a newline.
- <replaceable>single-char</replaceable> is any single character.
- If you leave out <replaceable>single-char</replaceable>,
- then the force character is the nul character, which you can
- get by typing CTRL+2 or CTRL+SPACE. A pretty good value for
- <replaceable>single-char</replaceable> is SHIFT+CTRL+6, which
- I have seen only used on some terminal servers.</para>
-
- <para>You can have the force character be whatever you want by
- specifying the following in your
- <filename>$HOME/.tiprc</filename> file:</para>
-
- <programlisting>force=<replaceable>single-char</replaceable></programlisting>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="uppercase">
- <para>Why is everything I type suddenly in UPPER CASE?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>You must have pressed CTRL+A, &man.tip.1;
- <quote>raise character</quote>, specially
- designed for people with broken caps-lock keys. Use
- <literal>~s</literal> as above and set the variable
- <quote>raisechar</quote> to something reasonable. In fact,
- you can set it to the same as the force character, if you
- never expect to use either of these features.</para>
-
- <para>Here is a sample .tiprc file perfect for Emacs users who
- need to type CTRL+2 and CTRL+A a lot:</para>
-
- <programlisting>force=^^
-raisechar=^^</programlisting>
-
-<para>The ^^ is SHIFT+CTRL+6.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="tip-filetransfer">
- <para>How can I do file transfers with
- <command>tip</command>?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>If you are talking to another Unix system, you can send
- and receive files with <literal>~p</literal> (put) and
- <literal>~t</literal> (take). These commands run
- &man.cat.1; and
- &man.echo.1; on the remote system to accept and send files.
- The syntax is:</para>
-
- <programlisting>~p &lt;local-file&gt; [&lt;remote-file&gt;]
-~t &lt;remote-file&gt; [&lt;local-file&gt;]</programlisting>
-
- <para>There is no error checking, so you probably should use
- another protocol, like zmodem.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="zmodem-tip">
- <para>How can I run zmodem with
- <application>tip</application>?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>First, install one of the zmodem programs from the
- ports collection (such as one of the two from the comms
- category, <application>lrzsz</application> or
- <application>rzsz</application>.</para>
-
- <para>To receive files, start the sending program on the
- remote end. Then, press enter and type
- <literal>~C rz</literal> (or <literal>~C lrz</literal> if you
- installed <application>lrzsz</application>) to begin
- receiving them locally.</para>
-
- <para>To send files, start the receiving program on the remote
- end. Then, press enter and type
- <literal>~C sz <replaceable>files</replaceable></literal>
- (or <literal>~C lsz <replaceable>files</replaceable></literal>)
- to send them to the remote system.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="cannot-find-serial">
- <para>Why does FreeBSD not find my serial ports, even
- when the settings are correct?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Motherboards and cards with Acer UARTs do not probe
- properly under the FreeBSD sio probe. Obtain a patch from
- <ulink url="http://www.lemis.com/serial-port-patch.html">
- www.lemis.com</ulink> to fix your problem.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="misc">
- <title>¨ä¥¦¦U¦¡¦U¼Ëªº°ÝÃD</title>
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="more-swap">
- <para>¬°¬Æ»ò FreeBSD ¥Îªº¸m´«(swap)ªÅ¶¡¤ñ Linux ¦h¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD¶È¬O¬Ý°_¨Ó¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)¥Îªº¤ñLinux¦h¦Ó¤w¡C¦b¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A
- ¨Ã¤£µM¡C¥D­nªº®t²§¬O¦b©ó¡AFreeBSD¿n·¥ªº±N¶¢¸mµL¥Îªº¥D°O¾ÐÅ餺®e
- ±À¤J¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)¤¤¡A¥H¨Ï±o¥D°O¾ÐÅé¥i¥H§ó¬°¦³®Ä²vªº³Q¨Ï¥Î¡C¦Ó
- Linuxªºµ¦²¤¬O±N¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)¥Î¨Ó§@¬°¸Ñ¨M°O¾ÐÅé°ÝÃDªº³Ì²×¤â¬q¡C
- ¸ûÀWÁcªº¨Ï¥Î¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)¡C¬O¤@ºØ§ó¦³®Ä²vªº¨Ï¥Î¥D°O¾ÐÅ骺¤â¬q¡C
- </para>
-
- <para>µù¡G·í¤@¤è­±FreeBSD¿n·¥ªº¨Ï¥Î¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)ªº¦P®É¡A§A¥²»Ýª`
- ·N¨ì¡AFreeBSD¨Ã¤£·|¥ô·Nªº±N©Ò¦³ªºªF¦è³£±À¤J¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)¤¤¡C¦p¦¹¡A
- §A¤~¤£·|¦b¤@©]±J¾K°_§É«áµo²{¡A¾ã­Ó¨t²Î³£³Q­Ë¶i¤F¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)¤§¤¤¡C
- </para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="top-freemem">
- <para>§Y¨Ï§Ú¥u¦³¹B¦æ¤Ö¼Æµ{¦¡¡A¬°¤°»ò <command>top</command> Åã¥Ü¥X
- ¨Óªº³Ñ¾l°O¾ÐÅéÁÙ¬O«Ü¤Ö¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
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- <answer>
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- .text .data .bss ÁÙ¦hªº¸`°Ï¡C</para>
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-
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- </qandaentry>
-
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- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú±H¨ì FreeBSD.org ¬ÛÃö¦a§}ªº¹q¤l¶l¥ó³£³Q°h¦^¤F©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>FreeBSD.org ªº¶l¥ó¨t²Î¹ï©ó¶i¨Óªº¶l¥ó±Ä¨úÄY®æªºÀˬd¡A¨Ã¥B°h¦^
- ©Ò¦³³]©w¤£¥¿½T¡A©Î¬O¼ç¦bªº©U§£¶l¥ó¡C§Aªº¶l¥ó³Q°h¦^¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°¤U¦C
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- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
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- <question id="free-account">
- <para>§Ú¥i¥H¦b­þ¸Ì§ä¨ì¤@­Ó§K¶OªºFreeBSD±b¸¹¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
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- ¦³¤H´£¨Ñ¶}©ñªº Unix ¨t²ÎªA°È¡C¨ä¤¤¦³¨Ç¥i¯à­n¦¬¨ú¨Ç³\¶O¥Î¡C</para>
-
- <para><ulink url="http://www.arbornet.org/">Arbornet, Inc</ulink>¡A
- ¤]³QºÙ¬° M-Net¡A¦Û 1983 ¦~°_´N¶}©l´£¨Ñ Unix ¨t²ÎªA°È¡C¤@¶}©l¡A
- ¥L­Ì¨Ï¥Î Altos ¨Ã°õ¦æ System III¡C¥L­Ì¦b 1991 ¦~Âà´«¨t²Î¦¨¬°
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- ÃÙ§UªÌ¡AM-Net ¤]´£¨Ñ BBS ¨t²Î©Mºô¸ô²á¤ÑªA°È¡C</para>
-
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- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="sup-define">
- <para>¤°»ò¬O <command>sup</command>¡A§Ú¸Ó¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
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- SUP</ulink> ªº·N«ä¬O Software Update Protocol¡A¥Ñ CMU µo®i¡A
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-
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- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
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- <question id="daemon-name">
- <para>³o­Ó¥i·Rªº¤p¬õ¤H¥s§@¤°»ò¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
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- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
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- <para>§Ú¯à¨Ï¥Î BSD ¤p´cÅ]¹Ï®×¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
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- Marshall Kirk McKusick ©Ò¾Ö¦³¡C§A¥i¥H¸ÕµÛ¥h¬d¬Ýºô­¶<ulink
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- ¥H¨ú±o§ó¸Ô²Óªº¨Ï¥Î²Ó¸`¡C</para>
-
- <para>Á`¦Ó¨¥¤§¡A¦pªG§A¯Âºé¬°¤F¦Û¤v·Q­nŲ½à¡A¨º»ò¡A§A¥i¥H¦Û¥Ñªº¨Ï¥Î¨v¹³¡C¦pªG§A¬O­Ó¤H¨Ï¥Î¡A¥u­n±¡ªp¾A·í¡AÀ³¸Ó³£·|³Q³\¥i¡C
- ¦pªG§A·Q¦b°Ó·~¤W¨Ï¥Î¡A«h§A¥²»ÝÁpôĬ®æÄõ±Ð·|ªº Kirk McKusick ¥H¨ú±o³\¥i¡C
- ¦pªG§A»Ý­n§ó¶i¤@¨B¸Ô²Óªº¸ê°T¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ulink
- url="http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/index.html">BSD¤p´cÅ]ªº­º­¶</ulink>¡C
- </para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="daemon-images">
- <para>§A¦³¥ô¦óªº BSD ¤p´cÅ]¹Ï®×¥i¥HÅý§Ú¨Ï¥Î¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>§A¥i¥H¦b <filename>/usr/share/examples/BSD_daemon/</filename> §ä¨ì Xfig ¤Î eps ¨âºØ®æ¦¡ªº¹ÏÀÉ¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="glossary">
- <para>§Ú¦b¤å¥ó¡B¶l»¼½×¾Â¤W¡A±`·|¬Ý¨ì¤@¨ÇÁY¼g¦r¡B§Þ³N¦r·J¡A³o¨Ç¥i¥H¥h­þÃä¬d©O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ulink
- url="&url.books.handbook;/freebsd-glossary.html">
- &os; ¦r·Jªí</ulink>¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="bikeshed-painting">
- <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¸Ó¦b·N¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×ªºÃC¦â¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³Ìµu³Ìµuªºµª®×¬O¡G¡y¤£¥Î¦b·N¡z¡Cµy·Lªø¤@ÂIªºµª®×¬O¡G¡yÁöµM§A¦³¯à¤O¦Û¤v¥h«Ø³y¤@®y¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×¡A¦ý¬O¡A
- ³o¤£¥Nªí¦]¬°§A¤£³ßÅw²{¦b³o­Ó¨®´×ªºÃC¦â¡A´N­n¤¤¤î¥Lªº«Ø¿v¡C¡z³o­Ó¤ñ³ëªº·N«ä¬O¡A
- §A¤£»Ý­n¥hª§½×¨C¤@­Ó²Ó¶µ¯S¼x¡A¥u¦]¬°§A¦³¿ìªk¥h§@¥¦¡C
- ¬Y¨Ç¤Hªºµû½×¬O¡G¡yÂø­µªºµ{«×¡A»PÅܤƪº½ÆÂø©Ê¬O¦¨¤Ï¤ñ¡z¡C</para>
-
- <para>§óªø¥B¸û§¹¾ãªºµª®×¬O¡A¦b¸g¹Lªø®É¶¡ª§½×Ãö©ó¬O§_¸Ó±N &man.sleep.1;
- ªº¬í°Ñ¼Æ²¾°£¡A&a.phk;µoªí¤F¤@½gªø½× <quote><ulink
- url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/getmsg.cgi?fetch=506636+517178+/usr/local/www/db/text/1999/freebsd-hackers/19991003.freebsd-hackers">
- ¦b«C»A¯ó¦a¤Wªº¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×(¥ô¦óÃC¦âªº)...</ulink></quote>¡C¥H¤U¡A¶ÈºK­n¸Ó«h¤å³¹³¡¤À¤º®e¡G</para>
-
- <blockquote>
- <attribution>&a.phk; on freebsd-hackers, October
- 2, 1999</attribution>
-
- <para><quote>¤°»ò¬OÃö©ó³o­Ó¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×?</quote> ³¡¤Àªº¤H³o¼Ëªº¸ß°Ý§Ú¡C</para>
-
- <para>³o¬O¤@­Ó«D±`ªø»·ªº¬G¨Æ¡A§_«h´N¬O¤@­Ó¥j¦Ñªº¬G¨Æ¡C¦ý¬O¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A
- ³o­Ó¬G¨Æ«D±`ªºµu¡CC¡P¿Õ´µ¬ì¯S¡P©¬ª÷´Ë(C. Northcote Parkinson) ¦b 1960
- ¦~¥Nªì´Á¼g¤F¤@¥»®Ñ¡A®Ñ¦W¬° <quote>Parkinson's Law(¤¤¤å®Ñ¦W¡G¤É©x¦³¹D¡Ð¼ÉÅS¤W¥q¤ßºA¤§©¬ª÷´Ë©w«ß)</quote>
- ¡A³o¥»®Ñ¥]§t¤F«Ü¦h¨ã¦³¨ô¨£ªº°ÊºAºÞ²z¾Ç¡C</para>
-
- <para>[¤Þ­z¤@ÂI¦b³o¥»®Ñ¤Wªºµû½×]</para>
-
- <para>¦b³o­Ó³Q±²¤J¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×®×ªº¯S®í¨Ò¤l¡A¥D­nªº­n¯À¬O®Ö¯àµo¹q³õ¡A§Ú·Q¡A³o¨¬¥H»¡©ú³o¥»®Ñªº¦~ÄÖ¡C</para>
-
- <para>©¬ª÷´Ë®i¥Ü¤F¸Ó¦p¦ó¦b¸³¨Æ·|¤¤Ä¹±oÃÙ¦P¥h«Ø³y¤@®y¼Æ¦Ê¸U©Î¬Æ¦Ü¤Q»õ¬ü¤¸ªº®Ö¯àµo¹q³õ¡A
- ¦ý¬O¡A¦pªG§A·Q­n¥h«Ø³y¤@®y¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×¡A§A±N·|³QªÈÄñ¦bµL½aµLºÉªº°Q½×¤§¤¤¡C</para>
-
- <para>¥L(©¬ª÷´Ë)¨Ã¸ÑÄÀ¡A³o¬O¦]¬°¤@­Ó®Ö¯àµo¹q³õ¬O³o¼Ëªº¼sÁï¡A³o¼Ëªº©ù¶Q¡A¨Ã¥B³o¼Ëªº½ÆÂø¡A
- ¥H¦Ü©ó¤H­ÌµLªk´x´¤¥¦¡A¦Ó¨Ã«D¹Á¸Õ¡A¥L­Ì«æ¤Áªº§Æ±æ¦³¤H¯à°÷À°¥L­Ì³B²z¨Ã¸Ñ¨M©Ò¦³º¾¸Hªº²Ó¶µ¡C
- Richard P. Feynmann µ¹¤F¤@¨Ç¦³½ì¡A¥B«D±`¤@°w¨£¦åªº½×ÂI¡A¦b¥Lªº®Ñ´£¨ì¤F Los Alamos ªº¨Ò¤l¡C</para>
-
- <para>¥t¤@¤è­±¡A¥ô¦ó¤H³£¯à¦Û¤v¦b¶g¥½²Õ¸Ë¤@®y¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×¥X¨Ó¡A¨Ã¥B¤´¦³¶¢²á¥i¥HÆ[½à¹qµø¤Îª±¹CÀ¸¡C
- ¦]¦¹¡AµL½×§A§@¤F¦h»ò§¹µ½ªº·Ç³Æ¡A¤]¤£ºÞ§A´£¥Xªº¤è®×¬O¦h»òªº§´·í¡A¬Y¨Ç¤H¤´±N§ì¦í¾÷·|¶]¥X¨Ó§i¶D§A¡A
- ¥L¥¿¦b§@¦P¼Ëªº¨Æ¡A¥¿¦b¥I¥X§V¤O¡A¥L´N¦b <emphasis>³o¸Ì</emphasis>¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦b¤¦³Á¡A§Ú­ÌºÙ³o­Ó¥s§@¡yªê¦º¯d¥Ö¡z(setting your fingerprint)¡C³oÃö«Y¨ì§A­Ó¤HªºÅº¶Æ©MÁn±æ¡A
- ³oÃö«Y¨ì§A¬O§_¥i¥H«üµÛ¬Y¦a«á¹ïµÛ§O¤H»¡¡G¡y³o¸Ì! ³o¬O <emphasis>§Ú</emphasis> §@ªº¡C¡z
- ³o¬O¬Fªv¤Hª««Ü­«­nªº¤@­Ó¯S¼x¡C¦ý¬O¡A®É¾÷¬O¤j¦h¼Æ¤H¥Á©Ò½á»Pªº¡C·Q·Q¨º¨Ç¯d¦b¤ôªd¦a¤Wªº¸}¦L§a¡C</para>
- </blockquote>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="funnies">
- <chapterinfo>
- <author>
- <firstname>Edward</firstname>
- <surname>Chuang</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address><email>edwardc@firebird.org.tw</email></address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </chapterinfo>
-
- <title>FreeBSD §N¯º¸Ü¶°</title>
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="very-very-cool">
- <para>How cool is FreeBSD¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>°Ý¡G¦³¤H°µ¹L FreeBSD °õ¦æ®Éªº·Å«×´ú¸Õ¶Ü¡H §Úª¾¹D Linux
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- Apple ¤u§@¡AÄ~ Drag and Drop ¤§«á¡A¬ã¨s¥þ·sªº <quote>Scratch and
- Sniff</quote> ¹Ï§Î¬É­±¡CIt's a funny old business we're in¡I</para>
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- <para>¤£¶}ª±¯º¤F¡AFreeBSD ©M Linux ³£¨Ï¥Î <acronym>HLT</acronym>
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- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
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- <para>½Ö¦b§Úªº°O¾ÐÅé´¡¼Ñ¤¤¨F¨F§@ÅT¡H¡H</para>
- </question>
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- <answer>
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- ¤]ºØ¦ü¥G¨Ó¦Û°O¾ÐÅé´¡¼Ñªº©_©ÇÁn­µ¡C</para>
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- ¤j³¡¥÷ªº¤H³£¤£ª¾¹D¨º¬O¤@ºØ¹ê»Ú¦s¦bªººë¯«Åé --- ´x±±µÛ§Aªº¹q¸£¡C
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- §@¡C</para>
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- ¤]¤£­nÅå³Y¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦pªG¦b»ö¦¡¤¤Å¥¨ì Bill Gates ®£©ÆªºÁn­µ±q¤º
- «Øªº³â¥z¶Ç¨Ó¡A°¨¤W°k¦Ó¥B¤£­n¦^ÀY¡I ±q BSD ­I«áÆF¤£¥­¿Åªº¼vÅT¤¤
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- »î¶A©G¡C¦pªG¦³¿ï¾Ü¡A§Ú·Q§Ú¹çÄ@²ßºD©_©ÇªºÁn­µ¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="changing-lightbulbs">
- <para>­n´X­Ó FreeBSD hacker ¤~¯à´«±¼¤@­Ó¹q¿Oªw¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¤@¤d¤@¦Ê¤C¤Q¤G­Ó¡G</para>
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-
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- ¤£¯à¤£¥ý¿Ô¸ß¾ã­Ó Community ªº·N¨£´N³o¼Ë°µ¤U¥h¡CÁÙ¦³¡A-core
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- ¥ß¨è´£¥X¼á²M¡F</para>
-
- <para>¤Q¤@­Ó­n¨D´«¦¨¤p¤@ÂIªº¹q¿Oªw¡A¥H«K¥¼¨Ó FreeBSD ¦pªG²¾´Ó¨ì
- ¹q¤lÂû¤W«á·|§ó¬°¤è«K¡F</para>
-
- <para>¤C¤Q¤T¤H©ê«è -hackers ©M -chat ¤Wªº SNR¡AÂÇ unsubscribe
- ¨Óªí¥Ü§Üij¡F</para>
-
- <para>¤Q¤T­Ó°e¥X¡¨unsubscribe¡¨¡B¡¨§Ú­n¦p¦ó unsubscribe¡¨©Î¡¨«ô°U§â
- §Ú±q list ¦W³æ¤¤§R±¼¡¨¡A«Hªº³Ì«á­±«h¬O¤@¯ë¥Ñ majordomo ¥[¤W¥h
- ªº footer¡F</para>
-
- <para>·í¨C­Ó¤H¦£©ó©¼¦¹¥s½|®É¡A¦³­Ó³Ã¥ë¶X¨S¤Hª`·N¡A§â¥i¥H¥Îªº¿Oªw°½
- °½´«¤W¥h¡F</para>
-
- <para>¤T¤Q¤@­Ó«ü¥X¦pªG¥Î TenDRA ½sĶ·sªº¿Oªw¡A·|¤ñªº¨Ó±o«G
- 0.364%¡]ÁöµM¿Oªw·|³Q½sͦ¨¥¿¤»­±Åé¡^¡A©Ò¥H FreeBSD ¤º©wªº½s;¹
- À³¸Ó¬O TenDRA¡A¦Ó¤£¬O EGCS¡F</para>
-
- <para>¦³­Ó¤H»¡·s¿Oªw¯Ê¥F¬ü·P¡F</para>
-
- <para>¤E­Ó¤H¡]¥]¬A­ì¥ý°e PR ªº¤H¡^°Ý¡¨¤°»ò¬O MFC¡H¡¨¡F</para>
-
- <para>¤­¤Q¤C­Ó©ê«è¦Û±q´«¤F¿Oªw«á¡A¨â­Ó¬P´Á³£¨S¦³¥ú¥X²{¡C</para>
-
- <para><emphasis>&a.nik; ¸Éª`¡G</emphasis></para>
-
- <para><emphasis>­è¬Ý¨ì®É¡A§Ú§Ö¯ºÂ½¤F¡C</emphasis></para>
-
- <para><emphasis>µM«á·Q¨ì¡A¡¨µ¥¤@¤U¡A¤£¬OÀ³¸ÓÁÙ¦³¤@­Ó­n±N³o¨Ç°O¦b
- list ¤W¶Ü¡H¡¨</emphasis></para>
-
- <para><emphasis>±µµÛ²×©ó¤F¸Ñ§Úªº¨Ï©R :-)</emphasis></para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="dev-null">
- <para>¼g¤J <filename>/dev/null</filename> ªº¸ê®Æ¶]¨ì­þ¸Ì¥h¤F¡H</para>
- </question>
- <answer>
- <para>¦b CPU ¤¤¦³¤@ºØ¯S§Oªº¸ê®Æ´²¼ö¾¹¡A§Q¥Î±Æ¥X´²¼ö¤ù/­·®°²Õ¦X®É¡A
- Âà´«¦¨¼ö¯à¡D³o´N¬O¬°¤°»ò CPU §N«o¤éÁÍ­«­nªº­ì¦]¡F·í¤H­Ì¨Ï¥Î§ó§Ö
- ªº³B²z¾¹®É¡A¥L­ÌÅܦ¨¤£¦b¥G¦³¶V¨Ó¶V¦h¥L­Ìªº¸ê®Æ³£°e¶i¤F
- <filename>/dev/null</filename> ¡A¦Ó¨Ïªº¥L­Ìªº CPU ¹L¼ö¡D
- ¦pªG§A§R°£¤F <filename>/dev/null</filename> (¨º±N·|¦³®ÄªºÃö³¬
- CPU ªº¸ê®Æ´²¼ö¾¹) §Aªº CPU ¤]³\·|­°§C¤u§@·Å«×¡A¦ý¬O§Aªº¨t²Î±N
- ·|«Ü§Öªº¹³¬O¿©±w¤F«K¯µ¦ñÀHµÛ©Ò¦³¶W¥Xªº¸ê®Æ¶}©lÅܦ¨¦æ¬°¤£¥¿±`¡C
- ¦pªG§A¦³§Ö³tªººô¸ô³s½u¡A§A¥i¥H§Q¥ÎŪ¨ú
- <filename>/dev/random</filename> ¨Ã±N¥LÀH·N¶Ç°e¦Ü¦U³B¡A
- ¨Ó­°§C§A CPU ªº·Å«×¡FµM¦Ó§A±N³´¤J¨Ï§Aºô¸ô³s½u©Î
- <filename>/</filename> ¦³¹L¼öªº­·ÀI©Î¬O·S´o§Aªº ISP¡A
- ¤j³¡¤Àªº¸ê®Æ³Ì²×±N·|¦b¥L­Ìªº³]³Æ¤WÂà´«¦¨¼ö¡A¤£¹L¥L­Ì³q±`³£¾Ö¦³
- ¦nªº´²¼ö¡A©Ò¥H¦pªG§A°µªº¤£¤Ó¹L¤À¡AÀ³¸Ó¬O¨S¤°»ò¤j¤£¤Fªº¡C</para>
-
- <para><emphasis>Paul Robinson ¸É¥R¡G</emphasis></para>
-
- <para>¤¤¤åª© FAQ ª`¡G¥H¤Uµu¤åÄÝ©ó¬ü¦¡«ÕÀq¡A®£Â½Ä¶«á³y¦¨»y²j¤£¸Ô¡A
- »y·N¤£³qªº±¡§Î¡A¬G«O¯d­ì¥Ä­ì¨ýÅýŪªÌ¦Û¦æ«~À|¡C</para>
-
- <para>There are other methods. As every good sysadmin knows,
- it is part of standard practise to send data to the screen
- of interesting variety to keep all the pixies that make up
- your picture happy. Screen pixies (commonly mis-typed or
- re-named as 'pixels') are categorised by the type of hat
- they wear (red, green or blue) and will hide or appear
- (thereby showing the colour of their hat) whenever they
- receive a little piece of food. Video cards turn data into
- pixie-food, and then send them to the pixies - the more
- expensive the card, the better the food, so the better
- behaved the pixies are. They also need constant simulation
- - this is why screen savers exist.</para>
-
- <para>To take your suggestions further, you could just throw
- the random data to console, thereby letting the pixies
- consume it. This causes no heat to be produced at all,
- keeps the pixies happy and gets rid of your data quite
- quickly, even if it does make things look a bit messy on
- your screen.</para>
-
- <para>Incidentally, as an ex-admin of a large ISP who
- experienced many problems attempting to maintain a stable
- temperature in a server room, I would strongly discourage
- people sending the data they do not want out to the
- network. The fairies who do the packet switching and
- routing get annoyed by it as well.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="pttlz">
- <para>1993 ¦~´N¦³¡ymake world¡z¤F¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>°Ý¡G®Ú¾Ú jkh ªº <ulink
- url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/Makefile.diff?r1=1.5;r2=1.6;f=h">
- ³o¥÷ commit</ulink>¡AÀ³¸Ó¬O Aug 13 22:47:28 1994 UTC
- ¤§«á¤~·|¦³ make world¡A«ç»ò·|¦³¦b¨º¤§«e·|¦³©O¡H</para>
-
- <para>µª¡G®Ú¾Ú pttlz.bbs@ptt.cc (¤uÃÆ) ©ó Apr 7 17:09:47 2008 CST ¦ÛºÙ¡G
- ¡ymake world ¬O§Ú¥j¦­ (15 ¦~«e) ®Éª± freebsd ®É¥Îªº¡z¡A©Ò¥H 1993 ¦~´N¦³
- pttlz ªº¡ymake world¡z¦s¦b¤F¡A½Ðª`·N¤H®a¥i¬O¦ÛºÙ¡y15 ¦~«e¡zªºªø½ú¡A
- ½Ð¤Å¹ïªø½úÅv«Â¬D¾Ô¡AÁÂÁ¡I</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandaset>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="advanced">
- <chapterinfo>
- <author>
- <firstname>En-Ran</firstname>
- <surname>Zhou</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address><email>zhouer@tfcis.org</email></address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </chapterinfo>
-
- <title>¶i¶¥¥DÃD</title>
-
- <qandaset>
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="learn-advanced">
- <para>¦p¦ó¯à¾Ç²ß§ó¦h¦³Ãö FreeBSD ¤º³¡ªºªF¦è¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥Ø«e¥«­±¤WÁÙ¨S¦³±´°Q§@·~¨t²Î¤º³¡ªº®Ñ¬O±M¬° FreeBSD ¦Ó¼g
- ªº¡CµM¦Ó¡A³\¦h¤@¯ëªº UNIX ª¾Ãѳ£¥i¥Hª½±µÀ³¥Î¦b FreeBSD ¤W¡Cªþ
- ¥[¤@ÂI¡A¤´µM¦³¬ÛÃöªº®Ñ¬O±M¬° BSD ©Ò¼gªº¡C</para>
-
- <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Handbook ªº<ulink
- url="../handbook/bibliography-osinternals.html">§@·~¨t²Î¤º³¡¤§°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø</ulink>
- ¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="how-to-contribute">
- <para>¦p¦ó¯à¬° FreeBSD ¥X¤@¥÷¤O¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò³o½g¤å³¹ <ulink
- url="../../articles/contributing/article.html">Contributing
- to FreeBSD</ulink> ¨Ó´£¨Ñ±zªº«ØÄ³¡C¦pªG±z¯àÀ°¦£¨º´N§óÅwªï¤F¡I</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="define-snap-release">
- <para>SNAP ©M RELEASE ¬O¤°»ò¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥Ø«e¦³¤T­Ó¬¡ÅD/¥b¬¡ÅDªº¤À¤ä¦b FreeBSD ªº <ulink
- url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi">CVS Repository</ulink>
- (¥j¦­¤À¤ä¤w¸g´X¥G¨S¦b§ó·s¤F¡A¦]¬°³q±`¥u¦³¤T­Ó¬¡ÅDªºµo®i¤À¤ä)¡G
- </para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><literal>RELENG_5</literal> §Y
- <emphasis>5-STABLE</emphasis></para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><literal>RELENG_6</literal> §Y
- <emphasis>6-STABLE</emphasis></para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><literal>HEAD</literal> §Y
- <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> ¤]´N¬O¥Ø«eªº
- <emphasis>7.X-CURRENT</emphasis></para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>»P¤W­±¨ä¥L¨â­Ó¤À¤ä¬Û¤ñ¡A¨ä¹ê <literal>HEAD</literal> ¨Ã¤£¬O¯u¥¿
- ªº branch tag¡A¥¦¥u¬O­Ó symbolic constant¡A¥Nªí <quote><emphasis>current
- (©|¥¼¤À¤äªºµo®i¤¤ª©¥»)</emphasis></quote>¡A³q±`§Ú­Ì·|²¼g¬° <quote>-CURRENT</quote>¡C</para>
-
- <para>´N²{¦b¦Ó¨¥¡A<quote>-CURRENT</quote> ´N¬O«ü 7.X ªºµo®i¡F
- ¦Ó <literal>5-STABLE</literal> ¤À¤ä(<symbol>RELENG_5</symbol>)¬O¦b 2004 ¦~ 10 ¤ë±q
- <quote>-CURRENT</quote> fork ¥X¨Óªº¡F
- <literal>6-STABLE</literal> ¤À¤ä(<symbol>RELENG_6</symbol>)¬O¦b 2005 ¦~ 11 ¤ë±q
- <quote>-CURRENT</quote> fork ¥X¨Óªº¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="custrel">
- <para>­n«ç»ò§@¥X¦Û¤vªº release¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>½Ð°Ñ·Ó <ulink
- url="../../articles/releng/article.html">Release ¤uµ{</ulink>
- ¤å³¹»¡©ú¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="makeworld-clobbers">
- <para>¬°¦ó <command>make world</command> ·|§â­ì¨Ó¸Ëªº binary Àɳ£´«±¼¤F¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¨S¿ù¡A´N¬O³o¼Ë¤l¡C¦p¦W¦r©Ò¥Ü¡A<command>make world</command>
- ·|­«·s½s͍t²Î¤º«Øªº¨C­Ó binary ÀÉ¡A³o¼Ë¦bµ²§ô®É´N¥i½T©w¦³­Ó¤@­P¥B°®²bªºÀô¹Ò(©Ò¥H­nªá¤W¦n¤@¬q®É¶¡)¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦b°õ¦æ <command>make world</command> ©Î
- <command>make install</command> ®É¡A¦pªG¦³³]
- <literal>DESTDIR</literal> ³o­ÓÀô¹ÒÅܼơA·s²£¥Íªº binary ±N·|¸Ë¦b
- <literal>${DESTDIR}</literal> ¤U¦P¼Ëªº¥Ø¿ý¾ð¤¤¡C¦ý¦b¬Y¨Ç­×§ï
- shared library ©M­««Ø binary ªºµL¯S©w±¡ªp¤U¡A³o¼Ë°µ¥i¯à·|¨Ï
- <command>make world</command> ¥¢±Ñ¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="cvsup-round-robin">
- <para>Why isn't cvsup.FreeBSD.org a round robin DNS entry to
- share the load amongst the various CVSup servers?</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>While CVSup mirrors update from the master CVSup
- server hourly, this update might happen at any time during
- the hour. This means that some servers have newer code
- than others, even though all servers have code that is
- less than an hour old. If <hostid role="fqdn">cvsup.FreeBSD.org</hostid> was a round
- robin DNS entry that simply redirected users to a random
- CVSup server, running CVSup twice in a row could download
- code older than the code already on the system.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="bus-speed-defaulted">
- <para>¦b¨t²Î¶}¾÷®É¡A¥X²{ <quote>(bus speed defaulted)</quote>¡C</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
-
- <para>Adaptec 1542 SCSI ¥d¤¹³\¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥Î³nÅé½Õ¾ã¶×¬y±Æªº¦s¨ú³t«×¡C
- ¦­´Áªº 1542 ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¸Õ¹Ï±N¥¦³]¦¨¥i¥Îªº³Ì§Ö³t«×¡A¦ý«á¨Óµo²{¦b¤@
- ¨Ç¾÷¾¹¤W¤£¯à¥Î¡A©Ò¥H²{¦b­n¦b kernel ³]©w¤¤¥[
- <symbol>TUNE_1542</symbol> ³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¨Ó±Ò°Ê³o­Ó¥\¯à¡C¦b¤ä´©ªº¾÷¾¹
- ¤W¥Î³o­Ó¿ï¶µ·|¨ÏµwºÐ¦s¨ú§ó§Ö¡A¦ý¦b¤£¤ä´©ªº¾÷¾¹¤W¦³¥i¯à·|·´±¼¸ê®Æ¡C
- </para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="ctm">
- <para>¦bºô¸ôÀW¼e¦³­­ªº±¡ªp¤U¡A§Ú¤]¥i¥H¸ò¤W current ªºµo®i¶Ü¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¬Oªº¡AÂÇµÛ <ulink url="../handbook/synching.html#CTM">CTM
- </ulink> ±z´N¥i¥H<literal>¤£¥Î</literal>¤U¸ü¥þ³¡ªºµ{¦¡½X¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="split-240k">
- <para>¬O«ç»ò§âµo¦æª©¥»¤¤ªºÀɮפÁ¦¨¤@­Ó­Ó 240k ªº¤pÀɮתº¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥H BSD ¬°°ò¦ªº¸û·s¨t²Î¦³­Ó <option>-b</option> ¿ï¶µ
- ¥i¥H§âÀÉ®×¥H¥ô·N¼Æ¥Ø byte ¤Á¶}¡C</para>
-
- <para>³o¸Ì¬O <filename>/usr/src/Makefile</filename> ¤¤ªº¤@­Ó
- ¨Ò¤l¡G</para>
-
- <programlisting>bin-tarball:
-(cd ${DISTDIR}; \
-tar cf - . \
-gzip --no-name -9 -c | \
-split -b 240640 - \
-${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.)</programlisting>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="submitting-kernel-extensions">
- <para>§Ú¦b kernel ¤¤¥[¤F·s¥\¯à¡A§Ú­n§â¥¦±Hµ¹½Ö¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ulink
- url="../../articles/contributing/article.html">Contributing
- to FreeBSD</ulink> ¤¤ªº¤å³¹¡A¥H¤F¸Ñ­n¦p¦ó´£¨Ñ±zªºµ{¦¡½X¡C</para>
-
- <para>¦P®É¤]ÁÂÁ±zªºÃö¤ß¡I</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="pnp-initialize">
- <para>ISA ªºÀH´¡§Y¥Î¥d¬O¦p¦ó°»´ú¤Îªì©l¤Æªº¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¥Ñ Frank Durda IV ©Ò¼g¡G
- <email>uhclem@nemesis.lonestar.org</email></para>
-
- <para>²³æªº»¡¡A·í¥D¾÷µo¥X¬O§_¦³ PnP ¥dªº¸ß°Ý°T¸¹®É¡A©Ò¦³ªº PnP ¥d
- ·|¦b´X­Ó©T©wªº I/O port §@¦^À³¡C©Ò¥H·í°»´ú PnP ªºµ{¦¡¶}©l®É¡A¥¦
- ·|¥ý°Ý¦³¨S¦³ PnP ¥d¦b¡A±µµÛ©Ò¦³ PnP ¥d·|¦b¥¦Åªªº port ¥H¦Û¤vªº
- «¬¸¹ # §@¦^µª¡A³o¼Ë°»´úµ{¦¡´N·|±o¨ì¤@­Ó wired-OR <quote>yes</quote>
- ªº¼Æ¦r¡A¨ä¤¤¦Ü¤Ö·|¦³¤@­Ó bit ¬O¥´¶}ªº¡CµM«á°»´úµ{¦¡·|­n¨D«¬¸¹
- (¥Ñ Microsoft/Intel«ü©w)¤p©ó X ªº¥d<quote>Â÷½u</quote>¡C¦A¥h¬Ý¬O
- §_ÁÙ¦³¥d¦^µª¦P¼Ëªº¸ß°Ý¡A¦pªG±o¨ì <literal>0</literal>¡A´Nªí¥Ü¨S
- ¦³«¬¸¹¤j©ó X ªº¥d¡C ²{¦bµ{¦¡·|°Ý¬O§_¦³«¬¸¹¤p©ó <literal>X</literal>
- ªº¥d¡A¦pªG¦³ªº¸Ü¡Aµ{¦¡¦A­n«¬¸¹¤j©ó X-(limit/4) ªº¥dÂ÷½u¡AµM«á­«ÂÐ
- ¤W­±ªº°Ê§@¡C¥Î­«½Æ³oºØÃþ¦ü semi-binary search ªº¤èªk¡A¦b¬Y½d³ò¤º
- §ä­Ó´X¦¸«á¡A´úµ{¦¡³Ì«á·|¦b¾÷¾¹¤¤°Ï¤À¥X©Ò¦³ªº PnP ¥d¡A·j´M¦¸¼Æ¤]
- »·§C©ó¤@­Ó­Ó§äªº 2^64 ¦¸¡C</para>
-
- <para>¤@±i¥dªº ID ¥Ñ¨â­Ó 32-bit(©Ò¥H¤W­±¬O 2&circ;64) + 8bit °»¿ù½X
- ²Õ¦¨¡A²Ä¤@­Ó 32 bits ¬O¥Î¨Ó°Ï¤À¦U®a¼t°Óªº¡C³o¨Ç¼t°Ó±q¨Ó¨S¦³¥X¨Ó¼á
- ²M¹L¡A¦ý¬Ý¨ÓÀ³°²³]¦P¤@®a¥Xªº¤£¦PºØÃþªº¥dªº¼t°Ó ID ¦³¥i¯à¤£¦P¡C¥Î
- 32 bits ¥u¨Óªí¥Ü¤£¦P¼t°Óªº·Qªk¹ê¦b¦³ÂI¹LÀY¤F¡C</para>
-
- <para>²Ä¤G­Ó 32 bits «h¬O«¬¸¹ #¡B¤A¤Óºô¸ô¦ì§}¡B©Î¤@¨Ç¨Ï³o±i¥d¿W¯Sªº
- ¸ê®Æ¡C°£«D²Ä¤@­Ó 32 bits ¤£¦P¡A§_«h¼t°Ó¤£¥i¯à§@¥X²Ä¤G­Ó 32 bit ¬Û
- ¦Pªº¨â±i¥d¡C©Ò¥H¦b¤@¥x¾÷¾¹¤¤¥i¥H¦³¦P¼Ëªº¦n´X±i¥d¡AµM¦Ó¥L­Ì¾ã­Ó
- 64 bits ÁÙ¬O·|³£¤£¤@¼Ë¡C</para>
-
- <para>³o¨â­Ó 32 bit µ´¹ï¤£¥i¥H¥þ¬°¹s¡A³o¤~¯à¨Ï±o³Ì¶}©l binary search
- ¤¤ªº wired-OR ·|±o¨ì¤@­Ó«D¹s¼Æ¦r¡C</para>
-
- <para>¤@¥¹¨t²Î°Ï¤À¥X©Ò¦³¥dªº ID¡A±µµÛ·|¸g¥Ñ¦P¼Ëªº I/O port ¤@­Ó­Ó­«
- ·s±Ò°Ê¨C±i¥d¡A±µµÛ§ä¥X¤wª¾¤¶­±¥d©Ò»Ýªº¸ê·½¡B¦³­þ¨Ç¤¤Â_¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îµ¥
- µ¥¡C©Ò¦³¥d³£·|³Q±½´y¤@¦¸¡A¨Ó¦¬¶°³o¨Ç¸ê®Æ¡C</para>
-
- <para>³o¨Ç¸ê°T±µµÛ©MµwºÐ¤Wªº ECU ÀɮסB©Î MLB BIOS ¸Ìªº¸ê®Æµ²¦X¦b¤@
- °_¡A³q±`¬Oºî¦X ECU ©M MLB ¸Ìªº BIOS PnP ¸ê®Æ¡A³o¨Ç¶gÃä¨Ã¤£¤ä´©¯u¥¿
- ªº PnP¡AµM¦Ó°»´úµ{¦¡¦bÀˬd BIOS ©M ECU ¸ê®Æ«á¡A¥¦¥i¥HÁ×§K PnP ¶gÃä
- ©M¨º¨Ç°»´ú¤£¨ìªº¬Û½Ä¬ð¡C</para>
-
- <para>±µµÛ¦A«×«ô³X³o¨Ç PnP ¶gÃä¡A³o¦¸·|§â¥i¥Îªº I/O¡BDMA¡BIRQ ©M°O¾Ð
- Åé¬M®gªº¦ì§}³£«ü©wµ¹¥¦­Ì¡C³o¨Ç¶gÃä´N·|¥X²{¦b©Ò«ü©wªº¦a¤è¡Aª½¨ì¤U¤@
- ¦¸­«·s¶}¾÷¬°¤î¡A¤£¹L¤]¨S¦³¤H»¡¤£¯à§â¥¦­ÌÀH®É²¾¨Ó²¾¥h¡C</para>
-
- <para>¤W­±¦³¬Û·í¦hªºÂ²¤Æ¡A¦ý§AÀ³¸Ó¤w¸g¤F¸Ñ¤j­Pªº¹Lµ{¡C</para>
-
- <para>Microsoft §âªí¥Ü¦Lªí¾÷ª¬ºAªº´X­Ó¥D­n port ®³¨Ó§@ PnP¡A¥L­Ìªº
- ÅÞ¿è¬O¨S¦³¤@±i¥d·|¦b³o¨Ç¦a¤è¸Ñ½X§@¬Û¤Ïªº I/O cycles¡C¦ý¬O§Ú§ä¨ì
- ¤@´Ú¦­´Á¤´¦bµû¦ô PnP ´£®×®Éªº IBM ­ì¼t printer board¡A¥¦ªº½T¥h¸Ñ
- ¹ï³o¨Çª¬ºA port ªº¼g¤J¸ê®Æ¡A¦ý¬O MS <quote>»¡¤F´Nºâ</quote>¡C©Ò¥H
- ¥¦­Ìªº½T¦³¹ï¦Lªí¾÷ª¬ºA port ¼g¤J¡AÁÙ¦³Åª¨ú¸Ó¦ì§} +
- <literal>0x800</literal>¡B©M¥t¤@­Ó¦b <literal>0x200</literal> ¤Î
- <literal>0x3ff</literal> ¤§¶¡ªº port¡C</para>
-
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="major-numbers">
- <para>§Ú¬°¬Y³]³Æ¼g¤FÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A¯à¤£¯àµ¹¥¦¤@­Ó major number¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>³o­n¬Ý§A¬O§_¥´ºâ±N³o­ÓÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤½¶}¨Ï¥Î¡A¦pªG¬Oªº¸Ü¡A½Ð§â¥¦ªº
- ­ì©l½X°e¤@¥÷µ¹§Ú­Ì¡AÁÙ¦³ <filename>files.i386</filename> ­×§ïªº
- ³¡¥÷¡Bkernel ³]©wÀɼ˥»¡B¥H¤Î¥Î¨Ó²£¥Í³]³ÆÀɪº &man.MAKEDEV.8;¡C
- ¦pªG§A¤£¥´ºâ¤½¶}¡B©Î¦]¬°ª©Åv°ÝÃD¦Ó¤£¯à¤½¶}ªº¸Ü¡A§Ú­Ì¦³¯S¦a«O¯d
- character major number 32 ©M block major number 8 µ¹³o¤è­±ªº¨Ï¥Î¡A
- ª½±µ¥Î³o¨â­Ó´N¦n¤F¡C¤£½×¦p¦ó¡A§Ú­Ì³£·|«Ü·P¿E§A¯à¦b &a.hackers;
- µoªíÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº®ø®§¡C</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="alternate-directory-layout">
- <para>Ãö©ó§ó°Ê¥Ø¿ý©ñ¸mªº­ì«h¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>¦b¦^µªÃö©ó§ó°Ê¥Ø¿ý©ñ¸mªº­ì«h¤è­±¡A§Ú¦b 1983 ¦~¼g¦n¥Ø«eªº§@ªk
- «á´N¨S¦³¦A§ïÅܹL¡A³oºØ¤è¦¡¬O°w¹ï­ì¥ýªº FFS Àɮרt²Î¡A«á¨Ó¤]¨S¦³
- ¹ï¥¦§@¥ô¦ó§ó°Ê¡C¥¦¦bÁ×§K cylinder group ³Q¶ñº¡³o¤è­±°µ±o¬Û·í¦¨¥\¡A
- ¦ý¬O´N¹³¦³¨Ç¤H¤w¸gª`·N¨ì¡A¥¦©M find ´N°t¦X±o¤£¤j¦n¡C¤j³¡¥÷ªºÀÉ®×
- ¨t²Î¬O¥Ñ¨º¨Ç¥Î depth first search(aka ftw) ²£¥Íªº archive »s³y¥X
- ¨Ó¡A¸Ñ¥X¨Óªº¥Ø¿ý inode ·|¾î¸ó¦n´X­Ó cylinder group¡A¦pªG¥H«á­n°µ
- depth first search ªº¸Ü¡A³o¬O³ÌÁV¿|ªº±¡ªp¤§¤@¡C¦pªG§Ú­Ìª¾¹DÁ`¦@
- ·|²£¥Í¦h¤Ö¥Ø¿ýªº¸Ü¡A¸Ñªk¬O¦b°µ¥ô¦ó¦s¨ú/¼g¤J°Ê§@¤§«e¡A¦b¨C­Ó
- cylinder group ¤W¥ý³y¥X(©Ò¦³¥Ø¿ý¼Æ/cylinder greoup ªº¼Æ¥Ø)³o»ò¦h
- ªº¥Ø¿ý¡C«Ü©úÅ㪺¡A§Ú­Ì¥²¶·­n¦³®Ú¾Ú¦a¥h²q³o ­Ó¼Æ¦r¡A´Nºâ¤@­Ó¹³ 10
- ªº«Ü¤p©T©w¼Æ¥Ø¤]·|¨Ï®Ä²v¥H¯Å¼Æ¦¨ªø¡C°Ï¤À restore (§Y¸Ñ¶}¤W­zªº
- archive) ©M¤@¯ëÀÉ®×¾Þ§@ªº¤èªk¥i¥H¬O(²{¦b¥Îªººtºâªk¥i¯à­n§ó±Ó·P)¡G
- ¦pªG¤@¨Ç¥Ø¿ý(³Ì¦h 10 ­Ó)³£¦b 10 ¬í¤º²£ ¥Íªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò´N§â³o¨Ç¥Ø¿ý
- »E¶°¦b¦P¤@­Ó cylinder group¡C¤£ºÞ«ç¼Ë¡A §Úªº¸gÅç«ü¥X³o¬O¤@­Ó¤w¸g
- ¥R¥÷¹êÅç¹Lªº³¡¥÷¡C</para>
-
- <para>Kirk McKusick, September 1998</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
-
- <qandaentry>
- <question id="kernel-panic-troubleshooting">
- <para>¦p¦ó¦b kernel panics ®É±o¨ì³Ì¦hªº¸ê°T¡H</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para><emphasis>[³o¸`¬O±q &a.wpaul; ¦b &os.current; <link
- linkend="mailing">mailing list</link> ¤Wµoªíªº«H¤¤¸`¿ý¡A
- &a.des; ­×¥¿¤F¥´¦r¿ù»~¡B¦A¥[¤W¬A©·¸Ìªºª`¸Ñ¡C]</emphasis></para>
-
- <programlisting>From: Bill Paul &lt;wpaul@skynet.ctr.columbia.edu&gt;
-Subject: Re: the fs fun never stops
-To: Ben Rosengart
-Date: Sun, 20 Sep 1998 15:22:50 -0400 (EDT)
-Cc: current@FreeBSD.org</programlisting>
-
- <para><emphasis>[Ben µoªí¤F¤U­±ªº panic °T®§]</emphasis></para>
-
- <programlisting>&gt; Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode
-&gt; fault virtual address = 0x40
-&gt; fault code = supervisor read, page not present
-&gt; instruction pointer = 0x8:0xf014a7e5
- ^^^^^^^^^^
-&gt; stack pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f24
-&gt; frame pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f28
-&gt; code segment = base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b
-&gt; = DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1
-&gt; processor eflags = interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0
-&gt; current process = 80 (mount)
-&gt; interrupt mask =
-&gt; trap number = 12
-&gt; panic: page fault</programlisting>
-
- <para>·í§A¬Ý¨ì¹³³o¼Ëªº°T®§®É¡A¥u§â¥¦«þ¤@¥÷°e¤W¨Ó¬O¤£°÷ªº¡C§Ú¦b¤W­±
- ¯S¦a¼Ð©úªº instruction pointer ­È¬Û·í­«­n¡A¤£©¯ªº¬O¥¦·|¦]³]©w¦Ó
- ¤£¦P¡C´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A³o­Ó­È·|¸ò§A¥Îªº kernel image ÀɦÓÅܰʡC¦pªG¬O¥Î
- ¬Y­Ó snapshot ª©¥»ªº GENERIC kernel¡A¤]³\¨ä¥L¤H¥i¥H°lÂܨì¥X°ÝÃD
- ªº¨ç¦¡¡A¦ý¦pªG§A¬O¥Î¦Û­qªº kernel¡A¨º»ò¥u¦³
- <emphasis>§A</emphasis>¤~¯à§i¶D§Ú­Ì°ÝÃD¥X¦b¨º¸Ì¡C</para>
-
- <para>­n°µªº¨Æ¥]¬A³o¨Ç¡G</para>
-
- <procedure>
- <step>
- <para>§â instruction pointer ªº­È°O¤U¨Ó¡Cª`·N¦b«e­±ªº
- <literal>0x8:</literal> ¦b³o­Ó±¡ªp¤¤¨Ã¤£­«­n¡A§Ú­Ì­nªº¬O
- <literal>0xf0xxxxxx</literal>¡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>·í¨t²Î­«·s¶}¾÷«á¡A°õ¦æ³o¹D©R¥O¡G
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>nm -n /(³y¦¨ panic ªº kernel ÀÉ®×) | grep f0xxxxxx</userinput></screen>
-
- ¨ä¤¤ <literal>f0xxxxxx</literal> ´N¬O°O¤U¨Óªº
- instruction pointer ­È¡C¦³¥i¯à¤£·|­è¦n§ä¨ì§¹¾ãªº³o­Ó¦r¦ê¡A
- ³o¬O¦]¬° kernel symbol table ¸Ìªº¦U­Ó symbol ¥u¬O¨ç¦¡ªº¶i
- ¤JÂI¡A¦ý instruction pointer ©Ò«üªº¦ì§}¦³¥i¯à¬O¦b¨ç¦¡¤ºªº
- ¬Y¤@³B¡A¦Ó¤£¤@©w¦b¶}ÀY¡C©Ò¥H¦pªG§ä¤£¨ì¾ã­Ó¦r¦ê¡A¨º»ò§â
- instruction pointer ­Èªº³Ì«á¤@­Ó¼Æ¦r®³±¼¡A¦A¸Õ¤@¦¸¡G
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>nm -n /(³y¦¨ panic ªº kernel ÀÉ®×) | grep f0xxxxx</userinput></screen>
-
- ¦pªG³o¼Ë¤]§ä¤£¨ì¡A¨º´N§â¥t¤@­Ó¼Æ¦r¥h±¼¦A§ä¡A¤@ª½­«½Æ¨ì§ä¨ì
- ¬°¤î¡A µ²ªG¬O¤@¦ê¥i¯à³y¦¨ panic ªº¨ç¦¡¦Cªí¡C³o¼Ë¤ñª½±µ§ä¨ì
- ¥X°ÝÃDªº¨ç¦¡¨Ó±o®t¡A¦ý¦Ü¤Ö¦n¹L¤°»ò³£¨S¦³¡C</para>
-
- </step>
- </procedure>
-
- <para>§Ú±`±`¬Ý¨ì¤H­ÌÅã¥Ü¤@¤j¤ù panic °T®§¡A¦ý«Ü¤Ö¬Ý¨ì¦³¤Hªá¤@ÂI®É¶¡
- §â instruction pointer ©M kernel symbol table ¤¤ªº¨ç¦¡¤ñ¸û¤@¤U¡C
- </para>
-
- <para>­n°lÂÜ¥X³y¦¨ panic ­ì¦]ªº³Ì¦n¤èªk¬O¥ý°µ¥X crash dump¡AµM«á¥Î
- &man.gdb.1; ¦b¤W­±°µ stack trace¡C</para>
-
- <para>¤£ºÞ¬O¨º¤@ºØ¡A§Ú³q±`¬O¥Î³o­Ó¤èªk¡G</para>
-
- <procedure>
- <step>
- <para>¼g¦n kernel ³]©wÀÉ¡C¦pªG§A»Ý­n¥Î kernel debugger¡A¦b³]
- ©wÀɤ¤¥[¤W <literal>options DDB</literal> ³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¡C
- (·í§ÚÃhºÃ¦³¥X²{µL½a°j°é®É¡A³q±`·|¥Î³o­Ó¨Ó³]©w¤¤Â_ÂI¡C)
- </para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>¥Î <command>config -g
- <replaceable>KERNELCONFIG</replaceable></command>
- °µ¥X¥Î¨Ó½sĶªº¥Ø¿ý¡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para><command>cd /sys/compile/
- <replaceable>KERNELCONFIG</replaceable>; make
- </command></para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>µ¥«Ý kernel ½s͵²§ô¡C</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para><command>make install</command></para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>­«·s¶}¾÷</para>
- </step>
- </procedure>
-
- <para>&man.make.1; ±N·|»s³y¥X¨â­Ó kernel¡C<filename>kernel</filename>
- ÁÙ¦³ <filename>kernel.debug</filename>¡C
- <filename>kernel</filename> ±N·|³Q¦w¸Ë¨ì
- <filename>/kernel</filename>¡A¦Ó <filename>kernel.debug</filename>
- ¥i¥Î¨Óµ¹ &man.gdb.1; ·í§@ debugging symbols ªº¨Ó·½¡C</para>
-
- <para>­n½T©w¯à§ì¨ì crash dump¡A¥ý½s¿è
- <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ±N <literal>dumpdev</literal> «ü
- ¨ì swap ¤À³Î°Ï¡C³o¼Ë &man.rc.8; ·|¥Î &man.dumpon.8; ¨Ó±Ò°Ê
- crash dump¡A§A¤]¥i¥H¤â°Ê°õ¦æ &man.dumpon.8; ¦b panic ¤§«á¡A
- crash dump ¥i¥H¥Î &man.savecore.8; ¦s°_¨Ó¡F¦pªG
- <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¸Ì¦³³] <literal>dumpdev</literal>
- ¨º»ò­«·s¶}¾÷«á &man.rc.8; ·|¦Û°Ê°õ¦æ &man.savecore.8; §â
- crash dump ¦s¦b <filename>/var/crash</filename>¡C</para>
-
- <note>
- <para>FreeBSD ªº crash dump ³q±`©M¾÷¾¹¸Ìªº¹ê»Ú°O¾ÐÅé¤@¼Ë¤j¡A´N
- ¹³¦pªG¦³ 64MB °O¾ÐÅé¡Acrash dump ¤j¤p´N¬O 64MB¡C©Ò¥H­n½T©w
- <filename>/var/crash</filename> ¤U¦³¨¬°÷ªºªÅ¶¡¡A©Î¬O¥i¥H¤â
- °Ê°õ¦æ &man.savecore.8; §â crash dump ©ñ¨ì¥t¤@­ÓªÅ¶¡¸û°÷ªº
- ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡C¥t¤@ºØ¤]³\¥i¥H­­¨î crash dump ªº¤èªk¡A¬O¦b kernel
- ³]©wÀɤ¤¥Î <literal>options MAXMEM=(foo)</literal>¡A±N kernel
- ¥i¥Îªº°O¾ÐÅé­­¨î¦b¦X²zªº¤j¤p¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG§A¦³ 128MB ªº°O¾Ð
- Åé¡A¦ý¬O¥i¥H­­¨î kernel ¥u¯à¥Î 16MB ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A³o¼Ë crash dump
- ´N¬O 16MB ¦Ó¤£¬O 128MB ¤F¡C</para>
- </note>
-
- <para>¤@¥¹µo²{¦³¤F crash dump¡A´N¥i¥H¥Î &man.gdb.1; ¨Ó°µ
- stack trace ¡A¦p¤U©Ò¥Ü¡G</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>gdb -k /sys/compile/KERNELCONFI