Restoration of previously deleted (in 93cd704c1d44d6d8b7482f23eb70ce716dfb6cbf) Russian web-pages:

website/content/ru/
website/config/_default/languages.ru.toml

No changes in website/themes/beastie/layouts/index.html intended at this point.

Reviewed by:	carlavilla (mentor)
Approved by:	carlavilla (mentor)
Differential Revision:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D52916

202 files changed, 101932 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/website/config/_default/languages.ru.toml b/website/config/_default/languages.ru.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7dfbab8551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/config/_default/languages.ru.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+title = "The FreeBSD Project"
+contentDir = "content/ru"
+languageName = "Russian"
+weight = 12
diff --git a/website/content/ru/about.adoc b/website/content/ru/about.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b7b775925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/about.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+title: "п· FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п· FreeBSD
+
+== п╖я┌п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╣ FreeBSD?
+
+FreeBSD - я█я┌п╬ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п╫п╟ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╣ x86 (п╡ я┌п╬п╪ я┤п╦я│п╩п╣ Pentium(R) п╦ Athlon(TM)), amd64 (п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ Opteron(TM), Athlon(TM)64 п╦ EM64T), ARM, IA-64, PowerPC, PC-98 п╦ UltraSPARC(R). п·п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ п╫п╟ BSD, п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ UNIX(R), я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╡ п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦п╧я│п╨п╬п╪ пёп╫п╦п╡п╣я─я│п╦я┌п╣я┌п╣ п╡ п▒п╣я─п╨п╩п╦. п·п╫п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ link:{contributors}#staff-committers[п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╬п╧ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡]. п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ link:../platforms/[п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪] п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я─п╟п╥п╫я▀я┘ я│я┌п╟п╢п╦я▐я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦.
+
+== п║п╟п╪я▀п╣ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦
+
+п≤я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╧, п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╟я▐ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄, я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ я│ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪п╦ п·п║ - п╡п╬я┌ я┌п╣ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ link:../features/[п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦] FreeBSD, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╥п╟я┤п╟я│я┌я┐я▌ п╡я│я▒ п╣я┴я▒ п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌ п╡ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘, п╢п╟п╤п╣ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╦я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘, п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘.
+
+== п°п╬я┴п╫п╬п╣ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╩я▐ Internet
+
+FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦п╢п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ link:../internet/[Internet п╦п╩п╦ Intranet] я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟. п╜я┌п╟ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╢я▒п╤п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╟п╤п╣ п©я─п╦ я│п╟п╪п╬п╧ п╦п╫я┌п╣п╫я│п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╫п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╣ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ я│п╩я┐п╤п╠я▀, п╦ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╣ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄я▌, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╦п╣п╪п╩п╣п╪п╬п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╬я┌п╨п╩п╦п╨п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я┌я▀я│я▐я┤ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╦я┘ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤.
+
+== п÷я─п╬п╢п╡п╦п╫я┐я┌я▀п╣ п╡я│я┌я─п╟п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀
+
+FreeBSD п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦п╫я┐я┌я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╦ п╡я│я┌я─п╟п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪, п╬я┌ hi-end я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ Intel п╢п╬ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫я▀я┘ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪ Arm, PowerPC п╦, п╡я│п╨п╬я─п╣, MIPS. п·я┌ п©п╬я┤я┌п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╦ п╡п╣п╠-я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╢п╬ п╪п╟я─я┬я─я┐я┌п╦п╥п╟я┌п╬я─п╬п╡, я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦ п╦ п╠п╣я│п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╬я┤п╣п╨ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩п╦ п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪я┐ п╪п╦я─я┐ п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╡я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╨я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ п╦ п╨я─п╬я│я│-я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ п╦ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦п╫я┐я┌я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╡п╬п╦я┘ п╡я│я┌я─п╟п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╬п╡. п░ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▐ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟ п▒п╣я─п╨п╩п╦ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╦п╪ я─п╣я┬п╟я┌я▄, п╨п╟п╨ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╥ я│п╡п╬п╦я┘ п╩п╬п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╬п╫п╦ я┘п╬я┌п╣п╩п╦ п╠я▀ п╡п╫п╣я│я┌п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╫п╬.
+
+== п·пЁя─п╬п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧
+
+п║ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┤п╣п╪ 20 000 п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨ п╦ link:../applications/[п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧], FreeBSD п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╣я│п╨я┌п╬п©п╬п╡, я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡, я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╦ п╡я│я┌я─п╟п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╬п╨я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧.
+
+== п÷я─п╬я│я┌п╬я┌п╟ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦
+
+FreeBSD п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ я│ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ CD-ROM, DVD, п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╫п╣п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ я│п╣я┌я▄, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▐ FTP п╦п╩п╦ NFS. п▓я│я▒, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ - link:{handbook}#install[я█я┌п╦ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╦я▐].
+
+== FreeBSD я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ _я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬_
+
+[.right ]
+link:../copyright/daemon/[image:../../gifs/dae_up3.gif[п■п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫ BSD,width=72,height=81]]
+
+п╔п╬я┌я▐ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬п╢я┐п╪п╟я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ я│ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦ п©я─п╬п╢п╟я▒я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п╧ я├п╣п╫п╣, FreeBSD я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ link:../copyright/[п╠п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫п╬] п╦ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪п╦ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╪п╦ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╟п╪п╦. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ п╥п╟я┘п╬я┤п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨я┐п©п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╩п╦ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌я▄ п╣я▒ п╨п╬п©п╦я▌, п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ link:{handbook}#mirrors[я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦].
+
+== п п╟п╨ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣
+
+п÷я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬. п▓я│я▒, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ - я█я┌п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ FreeBSD, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я┐я▌, п©п╬ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╪я┐ п╪п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌, п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я┐я│п╬п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄, я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ (п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╦ п╟п╨п╨я┐я─п╟я┌п╫п╬) я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦я┘ п╡ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╩п╦п╠п╬ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀ send-pr, п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╫п╣п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я┐, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╣пЁп╬ п╥п╫п╟п╣я┌п╣. п╜я┌п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ я┤я┌п╬ я┐пЁп╬п╢п╫п╬, п╬я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╢п╬ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╣п╣ п╬п╠ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п©я─п╬я┤п╦я┌п╟я┌я▄ link:{contributing}[п╥п╢п╣я│я▄.]
+
+п■п╟п╤п╣ п╣я│п╩п╦ п▓я▀ п╫п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я│я┌, п╣я│я┌я▄ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ FreeBSD п╡ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦я┌п╦п╦. The http://www.FreeBSDFoundation.org[FreeBSD Foundation] - я█я┌п╬ п╫п╣п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╟я▐ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐, п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╡я│п╣ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╣п╫п╣п╤п╫п╟я▐ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п╫п╣ п╬п╠п╩п╟пЁп╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟п╩п╬пЁп╟п╪п╦. п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╦я┬п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ board@FreeBSDFoundation.org п╦п╩п╦: The FreeBSD Foundation, P.O. Box 20247, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/applications.adoc b/website/content/ru/applications.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44a8bbca87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/applications.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+---
+title: "п· п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐я┘ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= п· п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐я┘ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD
+
+== п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╧я┌п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD
+
+FreeBSD п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я┐я▌ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я▌я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╦п╣ я│я┌п╟п╫я├п╦п╦ UNIX(R), п╡п©я─п╬я┤п╣п╪, п╬п╫п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐, п╬ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╦ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╬п╥я─п╣п╡п╟я┌я▄:
+
+== FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╟п╪п╬п╧ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╣п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧, п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪п╬п╧ я│п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪п╦ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╪п╦ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╟п╪п╦.
+
+п²п╣я│п╬п╪п╫п╣п╫п╫п╬ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╟п╨ п╫п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ _я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪_ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╡я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╟ п╡ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ я┐я│п╩п╬п╡п╦я▐я┘. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╫п╣ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╟, п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤п╣п╪ я┌п╬, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╣ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌я▀ п╡я│п╣п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╦ п╡я│п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫я▀, п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ п╦ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╪п╬п╢п╦я└п╦я├п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╩я▌п╠я┐я▌ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ FreeBSD, п╣я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╟п╪, п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦п╩п╦ я└п╦я─п╪п╣.
+
+п║п╬пЁп╩п╟я│п╫п╬ п╬п╠я┴п╣п╧ link:../copyright/freebsd-license/[п©п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨п╣ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐] FreeBSD, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╣я▒ п╨п╟п╨ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡я┐ п╢п╩я▐ п╩я▌п╠п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╦п╩п╦ _п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘_ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧.
+
+== п║ FreeBSD я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ я┌я▀я│я▐я┤п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧.
+
+п╒п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ FreeBSD п╬я│п╫п╬п╡я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ 4.4BSD, я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╪я▀я┬п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ UNIX, п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬. FreeBSD я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬я┐я▌ link:../where/[п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▌ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧] п╦ link:../ports/[п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▌ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡], я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╩я▒пЁп╨п╬я│я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я├п╦п╦ п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ я┐п╤п╣ п╬я┌п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣п╧ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╣ п╦п╩п╦ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣. п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡я│я▒ я┐п╡п╣п╩п╦я┤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╣п╣я│я▐ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ link:../commercial/software/[п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧], п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD.
+
+п▓п╬я┌ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п╢п╣я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ FreeBSD:
+
+* *п÷я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┐я│п╩я┐пЁ Internet.* п°п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╡п╟п╧п╢п╣я─я▀ Internet (ISP) п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌, я┤я┌п╬ FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╦я┘ п╦п╢п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪, п╦ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥я┐я▌я┌ п©п╬п╢ п╣я▒ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ Web-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─я▀, я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─я▀ п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╧ Usenet, я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│я▀ FTP, я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌я▀, п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я┐я│п╩я┐пЁп╦. п²п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦п╣ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╦п©п╟ Web-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ http://www.apache.org/[Apache] п╦п╩п╦ FTP я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ ProFTPD я┐п©я─п╬я┴п╟п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥п╡п╣я─я┌я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ ISP п╡ п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧-п╩п╦п╠п╬ я└п╦я─п╪п╣ п╦п╩п╦ пЁп╣п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦. п п╬п╫п╣я┤п╫п╬, п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▐я│я▄ п╫п╣я│я─п╟п╡п╫п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ link:../internet/[я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╪п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦] FreeBSD, п╡п╟я┬п╦ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╢п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄п╫я▀ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п╧ я│п╨п╬я─п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╦ п╫п╟п╢п╣п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я┐я│п╩я┐пЁ.
+* *п⌠я─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╟я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╟я▐ я│я┌п╟п╫я├п╦я▐ X Window.* FreeBSD п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©я─п╣п╨я─п╟я│п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╨ п╡ я─п╬п╩п╦ п╢п╣я┬я▒п╡п╬пЁп╬ X я┌п╣я─п╪п╦п╫п╟п╩п╟, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╡ я─п╬п╩п╦ п╠п╬пЁп╟я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦ X п╢п╦я│п©п╩п╣я▐. п║п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╩я▐ X (http://x.org/[X.Org](TM)) п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧. п п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐ http://www.nvidia.com/[nVidia] п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╬п╡; п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╦, я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╪я▀я┬п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌я▀ Motif(R) п╦ OpenGL(R). п⌠я─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╦ http://www.kde.org[KDE] п╦ http://www.gnome.org[GNOME] п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌ п©п╬п╩п╫я┐я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╦ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╬я└п╦я│п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╣я┴я▒ п╡ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣п╧ я│я┌п╣п©п╣п╫п╦ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦я┌я┐я▌ п╡ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟я┘ http://www.openoffice.org/[OpenOffice.Org] п╦ http://www.softmaker.de/tml_en.htm[TextMaker].
+* *п║п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦.* п▓п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD, п╬я┌ я└п╦п╩я▄я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ п╢п╬ п╪п╟я─я┬я─я┐я┌п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦ я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│п╟ п╦п╪я▒п╫, п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©я─п╣п╡я─п╟я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╡п╟я┬ п÷п  п╡ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ я█п╨я─п╟п╫ Internet, п©п╬я┤я┌п╬п╡я▀п╧ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─, я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌п╦, я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ PC/NFS п╦ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п╣ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╣.
+* *п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐.* п²п╟п╠п╬я─ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟, п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪я▀п╧ я│ FreeBSD, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я┌п╬я─ GNU C/C++ п╦ п╬я┌п╩п╟п╢я┤п╦п╨ п╦ я▐п╥я▀п╨ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬п╡ Perl. п▓п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╨ п╫п╟ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╟я┘ Java(R) п╦ Tcl/Tk. п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©я─п╣п╨я─п╟я│п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ п©п╬п©я┐п╩я▐я─п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡я▀п╣ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╬я─я▀ я┌п╦п©п╟ XEmacs п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я█п╥п╬я┌п╣я─п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╦п©п╟ Icon. п░ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╦ п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п©я─п╬я│я┌я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.
+* *п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╡ Internet.* п²п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╟я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╟я▐ я│я┌п╟п╫я├п╦я▐ UNIX я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╦п╪ я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╡ Internet. п║п╣я─я▄я▒п╥п╫я▀п╪ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ Web-я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╧ п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫я▀ FreeBSD-п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/[Firefox] п╦ http://www.opera.com/[Opera]. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╠я─п╬п╢п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬ Internet, п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╟я┌я▄ я┌п╟п╪ п╡п╟я┬п╦ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╨п╦, я┤п╦я┌п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ Usenet, п©п╬я│я▀п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╦ п©я─п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟я┌я▄ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫я┐я▌ п©п╬я┤я┌я┐ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╪ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣п╪ п╪п╣я│я┌п╣.
+* *п·п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╟я▐ п╢п╣я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄.* FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╣п╨я─п╟я│п╫п╬п╧ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я┐я┤п╫п╬-п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╬п╧ п╢п╣я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п©п╬я┌п╬п╪я┐ я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╪п╦ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╟п╪п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. п║я┌я┐п╢п╣п╫я┌я▀ п╦ я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩п╦я│я┌я▀ п╡ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ п╦п╩п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌я▐я┘ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╦п╨п╦ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╬я┌ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫п╬п╧ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬п╧ п╦ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀.
+* *п≤ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┤п╣пЁп╬ п╣я┴я▒.* п▒я┐я┘пЁп╟п╩я┌п╣я─я│п╨п╦п╧ я┐я┤я▒я┌, п╦пЁя─я▀, п╠п╟п╥я▀ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ MIS, п╡п╦п╥я┐п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┐я┤п╫я▀я┘ я─п╟я│я┤п╣я┌п╬п╡, п╡п╦п╢п╣п╬п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╦, я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ BBS, я│п╨п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╩я▐ я┤п╣пЁп╬ п╣я┴я▒ я─п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ FreeBSD я│п╣пЁп╬п╢п╫я▐.
+
+== FreeBSD - я█я┌п╬ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟, п╡я▀я─п╟я│я┌п╟я▌я┴п╟я▐ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╪ п╡п╟я┬п╦я┘ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧.
+
+п╔п╬я┌я▐ FreeBSD п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌я│я▐ п╨ п╨п╩п╟я│я│я┐ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╬п╫п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫я▀п╪ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪, _п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╪ п╣я▒ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪п╦_. п⌡я▌п╠п╬п╧ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐, п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╬я│п╩п╟п╫ я│п╬я┌п╫я▐п╪ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╦ п╣я▒ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ п©п╬ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌п╣ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org.
+
+п▓ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ FreeBSD я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я│я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п©п╦я│п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦, п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─я┐я▌я┌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐. п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╦п╩п╦ я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫я▀п╪ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬п╪ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦, п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟п╣я┌ п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╣ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. п÷п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ FreeBSD пЁп╬я─п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌, п╫п╬ п╦ п╫п╟п╢я▒п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀.
+
+== п▓п╬я┌ я┤я┌п╬ пЁп╬п╡п╬я─я▐я┌ я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩п╦я│я┌я▀ . . .
+
+_``FreeBSD я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│ [п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧] п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ п╫п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╬п╧ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╣ я┐п╢п╦п╡п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬. п║п╟п╩я▌я┌ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD.''_
+
+---п°п╟я─п╨ п╔п╦я┌я┌п╦п╫пЁп╣я─ (Mark Hittinger), п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─ WinNet Communications, Inc.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/art.adoc b/website/content/ru/art.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f745e21b2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/art.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+---
+title: "п≤п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+
+= п≤п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD
+
+* <<bsd-daemon,п■п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫ BSD>>
+* <<powered-by,п⌡п╬пЁп╬я┌п╦п©я▀ "`Powered by FreeBSD`">>
+* <<adv,п║я┌п╟я─я▀п╣ я─п╣п╨п╩п╟п╪п╫я▀п╣ п╠п╟п╫п╫п╣я─я▀>>
+* <<use,п÷я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╨п╦>>
+
+п╜я┌п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ "`п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐`" FreeBSD. п÷я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╫п╟ www@FreeBSD.org. п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╬п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪я▄я┌п╣я│я▄ я│ <<use,п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟п╪п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐>> я█я┌п╦я┘ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧.
+
+[[bsd-daemon]]
+== link:../copyright/daemon/[п■п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫ BSD]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/daemon-phk.png[BSD Daemon,width=191,height=208]
+
+[.center]
+п║п╬п╥п╢п╟п╩ {phk-name} +
+п≤я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨: http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/src/share/examples/BSD_daemon/[/usr/share/examples/BSD_daemon/] п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘ FreeBSD.
+
+[.center]
+link:../../gifs/daemon_hammer.jpg[image:../../gifs/daemon_hammer-tn25.jpg[BSD Daemon wielding a hammer,width=150,height=178]]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/power.jpg[BSD Daemon waiting tables,width=160,height=246]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/news.jpg[BSD Daemon editing the news,width=193,height=144]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/doc.jpg[BSD Daemon reading documentation,width=274,height=163]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/releases.jpg[BSD Daemon delivering the latest release,width=259,height=178]
+
+[[powered-by]]
+== п⌡п╬пЁп╬я┌п╦п©я▀ "`Powered by FreeBSD`"
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/powerlogo.gif[Powered by FreeBSD Logo]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/power-button.gif[Powered by FreeBSD Logo]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/pbfbsd2.gif[Powered by FreeBSD Logo,width=171,height=64]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/powerani.gif[Powered by FreeBSD Logo,width=171,height=64]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/fhp_mini.jpg[FreeBSD Hardware Partner Logo,width=145,height=50]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/banner1.gif[FreeBSD The Power To Serve Logo,width=446,height=63]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/banner2.gif[FreeBSD The Power To Serve Logo,width=310,height=63]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/banner3.gif[FreeBSD The Power To Serve Logo,width=250,height=35]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/banner4.gif[FreeBSD The Power To Serve Logo,width=225,height=46]
+
+== п║я┌п╟я─я▀п╣ я─п╣п╨п╩п╟п╪п╫я▀п╣ п╠п╟п╫п╫п╣я─я▀
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/freebsd-advert.gif[Adv Banner1,width=455,height=60]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/freebsd_3.gif[Adv Banner2,width=306,height=94]
+
+[[use]]
+== п÷я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╨п╦
+
+п⌡п╬пЁп╬я┌п╦п©я▀ "`Powered by FreeBSD`" п╡я▀я┬п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ link:../../gifs/powerlogo.gif[п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╣п╫я▀] п╦ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫я▀ п╫п╟ п©п╣я─я│п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╦п╩п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ я│п╟п╧я┌я▀, п╬п╠я│п╩я┐п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟п╪п╦ FreeBSD. п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╩п╬пЁп╬я┌п╦п©п╟ п╦п╩п╦ п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╬п╡ я│п╬ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ link:../copyright/daemon/[BSD Daemons] п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╦п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я│ я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ mailto:taob@risc.org[Brian Tao] (я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ п╩п╬пЁп╬я┌п╦п©п╟ "`Powered by FreeBSD`") п╦ mailto:mckusick@mckusick.com[Marshall Kirk McKusick] (п╡п╩п╟п╢п╣п╩я▄я├п╟ я┌п╬я─пЁп╬п╡п╬п╧ п╪п╟я─п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╟ BSD).
+
+п≤п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╟ BSD, п╦п╥пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ {phk-name}, п╡я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫я▀ п©п╬п╢ "`THE BEER-WARE LICENSE`". п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/\~checkout~/src/share/examples/BSD_daemon/README?content-type=text/plain[README] п╥п╟ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/availability.adoc b/website/content/ru/availability.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11ba29f940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/availability.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+title: "п═п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п═п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ FreeBSD
+
+п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╪п╬п╣ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╬ п╡ link:../[п©п╣я─п╡я┐я▌ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я┐ я│п╟п╧я┌п╟ FreeBSD]. п▓п╟я┬ п╠я─п╟я┐п╥п╣я─ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╧п╢п╣я┌ п╨ п╫п╣п╧ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│п╣п╨я┐п╫п╢. п∙я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╣ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╬п╧п╢п╣я┌, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╫п╟п╤п╪п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╟ я│я│я▀п╩п╨я┐ п╡я▀я┬п╣ п╦ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌п╣ п╥п╟п╨п╩п╟п╢п╨п╦.
+
+п÷я─п╦п╫п╬я│п╦п╪ п╦п╥п╡п╦п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╥п╟ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╫п╣я┐п╢п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╟.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/commercial/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/commercial/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ccc1bfd6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/commercial/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+title: "Commercial Vendors"
+sidenav: support
+---
+
+= Commercial Vendors
+
+п°п╬я┴я▄, пЁп╦п╠п╨п╬я│я┌я▄ п╦ я┐п╢п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD п©я─п╦п╡п╩п╣п╨п╟п╣я┌ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╦п╧ п╨я─я┐пЁ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╦ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡я┴п╦п╨п╬п╡. п▓ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../gallery/[пЁп╟п╩п╣я─п╣п╦], пЁп╢п╣ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ п╫п╟я┬п╦ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦, п╫п╦п╤п╣ я─п╟я│п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡я┴п╦п╨п╬п╡, п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╟пЁп╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌я▀, я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│я▀, п╦/п╦п╩п╦ п╨п╬п╫я│я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ FreeBSD.
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/consult_bycat/[п п╬п╫я│п╟п╩я┌п╦п╫пЁп╬п╡я▀п╣ я┐я│п╩я┐пЁп╦] п▓п╫п╣ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я┌ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌п╣я│я▄ п╡я▀ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▌я┴п╦п╪ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╪ FreeBSD п╦п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╥п╟п╡п╣я─я┬п╦я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌, п╫п╟п╣п╪п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╫я│я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟п╫я┌ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣я┌я▄ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/consulting/[п╡ п╟п╩я└п╟п╡п╦я┌п╫п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╨п╣] п╦п╩п╦ я─п╟п╥п╠п╦я┌я▀п╪ п©п╬ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/consult_bycat/[п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦я▐п╪].
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/hardware/[п░п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣] п▓п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩п╦п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣, п╦я┴п╣я┌п╣ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─, п╦п╩п╦ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╡ я│я┌п╬п╧п╨я┐ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ я│ п©я─п╣п╢я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ FreeBSD? пё я█я┌п╦я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬!
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/misc/[п═п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡я┴п╦п╨п╦] п п╫п╦пЁп╦ п╦ п╟п╨я│п╣я│я│я┐п╟я─я▀, п╠п╣п╥ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╡я▀ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╤п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣!
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/software_bycat/[п÷я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣] п▓ FreeBSD п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╦п╧ я│п©п╣п╨я┌я─ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╬я┌ п╟я┐п╢п╦п╬п©п╩я█п╧п╣я─п╬п╡ п╦ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п╢п╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ п╠п╟п╥ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣я┌я▄ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/software/[п╡ п╟п╩я└п╟п╡п╦я┌п╫п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╨п╣] п╦п╩п╦ я─п╟п╥п╠п╦я┌я▀п╪ п©п╬ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/software_bycat/[п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦я▐п╪].
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п▓п╟я┬п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD, я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│, п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╨п╬п╫я│я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я├п╦п╦, п╦п╩п╦ п╬я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐, п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡п╫п╣я│п╣п╫п╟ п╫п╟ я█я┌я┐ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я┐, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п╫п╟ www@FreeBSD.org, п╢п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╪ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬п╠ я█я┌п╬п╪! п║п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡ HTML, п©п╟я─п╟пЁя─п╟я└п╬п╪ я│я─п╣п╢п╫п╣п╧ п╢п╩п╦п╫я▀. п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╦п╪п╣п╧я┌п╣ п╡п╡п╦п╢я┐, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡я┴п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╡ п╫п╟я┬ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╫п╣ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╬п╡ п╦п╩п╦ я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│п╬п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╪ FreeBSD.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/community/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/community/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..593232a3e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/community/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "п║п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: community
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п║п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD
+
+FreeBSD п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╡п╬п╦п╪ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╪ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╪.
+
+п║я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ я│п╬я┌п╫п╦ link:mailinglists[я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦], п╢п╣я│я▐я┌п╨п╦ web http://forums.FreeBSD.org/[я└п╬я─я┐п╪п╬п╡] п╦ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ link:newsgroups[я┌п╣п╩п╣п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╧]. п▒п╬п╩п╣п╣ {{< get-usergroups-info "usergroups" >}} link:../usergroups[пЁя─я┐п©п© п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧] п╡ {{< get-usergroups-info "countries" >}} я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╟я┘ п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪я┐ п╪п╦я─я┐. п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╣ link:irc[IRC] я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬. п°п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡п╣п╢я┐я┌ http://planet.freebsdish.org[п╠п╩п╬пЁп╦] п╬ я│п╡п╬п╣п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╢ FreeBSD. п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦ п╦ п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╦п╠я▄я▌я┌п╬я─я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ http://wiki.FreeBSD.org/[wiki], п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌я│я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╣ FreeBSD п╦ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╨ п╫п╣п╧ п╬я┌п╫п╬я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ FreeBSD, п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╡ я├п╣п╩п╬п╪ я─я▐п╢п╣ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ link:social[я│п╬я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я│п╣я┌п╣п╧].
+
+п▓ п©я─п╬я┬п╩п╬п╪ пЁп╬п╢я┐ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п©я─п╬п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╬ {{< get-event-last-year-info "events" >}} я│п╬п╠я▀я┌п╦п╧, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ FreeBSD, п╡ {{< get-event-last-year-info "countries" >}} я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╟я┘ п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪я┐ п╪п╦я─я┐. link:../events/events.ics[п п╟п╩п╣п╫п╢п╟я─я▄] п╦ link:../events/feed.xml[п╩п╣п╫я┌п╟ RSS] п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦я┘ я│п╬п╠я▀я┌п╦п╧, п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╬я┌п╫п╬я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨ FreeBSD, п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ п╫п╟ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ link:../events/[я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ я│п╬п╠я▀я┌п╦п╧]. п▓ YouTube п╡я▀п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫я▀ п╢п╣я│я▐я┌п╨п╦ п╡п╦п╢п╣п╬ я│ п©я─п╬я┬п╩я▀я┘ я│п╬п╠я▀я┌п╦п╧ п╫п╟ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩п╣ http://www.youtube.com/bsdconferences[BSD Conferences].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/community/irc.adoc b/website/content/ru/community/irc.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf732ea698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/community/irc.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+---
+title: "IRC"
+sidenav: community
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= IRC
+
+п╔п╬я┌я▐ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩я▀ #freebsd п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ я│п╣я┌я▐я┘ IRC, п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD п╫п╣ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╦п╪п╦ п╦ п╫п╣ я│я┤п╦я┌п╟п╣я┌ IRC я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦. п п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╡я▀ п╥п╟п╢п╟я▒я┌п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│ п╫п╟ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╪ п╦п╥ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩п╬п╡ IRC, п╡п╟я│ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©я─п╬п╦пЁп╫п╬я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄, п╬я│п╨п╬я─п╠п╦я┌я▄ п╦ п╢п╟п╤п╣ п╡я▀я┬п╡я▀я─п╫я┐я┌я▄ п©я─п╬я┤я▄, я┘п╬я┌я▐ п╡п╟п╪ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п©п╬п╡п╣п╥я┌п╦ п╫п╟ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩п╟я┘ #freebsdhelp я┌п╟п╪, пЁп╢п╣ п╬п╫п╦ п╣я│я┌я▄. п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩п╬п╡ IRC, п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╬я┌п╫п╬я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨ FreeBSD, п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╣п╫ п╡ FreeBSD http://wiki.freebsd.org/IrcChannels[wiki]. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п©я─п╬п╠п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╦ п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩я▀ п╫п╟ IRC, п╢п╣п╩п╟п╧я┌п╣ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╟ я│п╡п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟я┘ п╦ я─п╦я│п╨, п╤п╟п╩п╬п╠я▀ п╫п╟ п©п╬п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩п╟я┘ п╫п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п╡ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD. п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╨ link:{faq}#IRC[FAQ].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/community/mailinglists.adoc b/website/content/ru/community/mailinglists.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c18d36387e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/community/mailinglists.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+title: "п║п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦"
+sidenav: community
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п║п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦
+
+п║п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪я┐п╫п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩п╟п╪п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ FreeBSD п╦ п╬я┘п╡п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ я┌п╣п╪.
+
+== п░я─я┘п╦п╡я▀ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦
+
+п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ link:../../search/#mailinglists[п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬п╦я│п╨] п╦п╩п╦ http://www.FreeBSD.org/mail/[п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣я┌я▄] п╟я─я┘п╦п╡я▀ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣ http://www.FreeBSD.org/[www.FreeBSD.org]. п▓п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╣п╫ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo[п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─] я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ Web-п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ Mailman.
+
+== п░п╫пЁп╩п╬я▐п╥я▀я┤п╫я▀п╣ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦
+
+п░п╫пЁп╩п╬я▐п╥я▀я┤п╫я▀п╣ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ link:{handbook}#ERESOURCES-MAIL[п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╡ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ FreeBSD].
+
+== п²п╣п╟п╫пЁп╩п╬я▐п╥я▀я┤п╫я▀п╣ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦
+
+п║я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╫п╣п╟п╫пЁп╩п╬я▐п╥я▀я┤п╫я▀я┘ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦:
+
+* *п╠я─п╟п╥п╦п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╧ п©п╬я─я┌я┐пЁп╟п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╧* -- freebsd-subscribe@fug.com.br п╦п╩п╦ http://www.fug.com.br/[WWW].
+* *я┐п©я─п╬я┴я▒п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╦я┌п╟п╧я│п╨п╦п╧* -- http://lists.cn.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo[WWW], п╨п╬п╢п╦я─п╬п╡п╨п╟ GB2312.
+* *я┤п╣я┬я│п╨п╦п╧* -- users-l-request@FreeBSD.cz п╦п╩п╦ http://www.cz.FreeBSD.org/listserv/listinfo/users-l/[WWW].
+* *п╫п╣п╪п╣я├п╨п╦п╧* -- http://www.freebsd.de/mailinglists.html[пёп©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣] п╦п╩п╦ http://www.freebsd.de[п÷п╬п╦я│п╨].
+* *я└я─п╟п╫я├я┐п╥я│п╨п╦п╧* -- listserver@FreeBSD-fr.org п╦п╩п╦ http://www.FreeBSD-fr.org/[WWW].
+* *п╡п╣п╫пЁп╣я─я│п╨п╦п╧* -- bsd@lista.bsd.hu, http://lista.bsd.hu/[пёп©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣] п╦п╩п╦ http://datacast.hu/pipermail/bsd/[п÷п╬п╦я│п╨].
+* *п╦п╫п╢п╬п╫п╣п╥п╦п╧я│п╨п╦п╧* -- id-freebsd-subscribe@egroups.com
+* *п╦я┌п╟п╩я▄я▐п╫я│п╨п╦п╧* -- mailman-owner@gufi.org п╦п╩п╦ http://liste.gufi.org/[WWW].
+* *я▐п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╦п╧* -- freebsd-users-jp@FreeBSD.org п╦п╩п╦ http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-users-jp[WWW].
+* *п╨п╬я─п╣п╧я│п╨п╦п╧* -- majordomo@kr.FreeBSD.org п╦п╩п╦ http://www.kr.FreeBSD.org/support.shtml#mailing-list[WWW].
+* *п╩п╟я┌п╡п╦п╧я│п╨п╦п╧* -- bsd-owner@lists.bsd.lv п╦п╩п╦ http://lists.bsd.lv/[WWW].
+* *пЁп╬п╩п╩п╟п╫п╢я│п╨п╦п╧* -- majordomo@nl.FreeBSD.org.
+* *п╫п╬я─п╡п╣п╤я│п╨п╦п╧* -- bsd@nobug.no п╦п╩п╦ http://www.nobug.no/[WWW].
+* *п©п╬п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╧* -- majordomo@bsdguru.org п╦п╩п╦ http://www.bsdguru.org/indeX.php?f=1080001[WWW].
+* *п©п╬я─я┌я┐пЁп╟п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╧* -- freebsd@npf.pt.freebsd.org п╦п╩п╦ http://npf.pt.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd[WWW].
+* *я─я┐я│я│п╨п╦п╧* -- majordomo@uafug.org.ua п╦п╩п╦ http://uafug.org.ua/[WWW].
+* *я│п╩п╬п╡п╟я├п╨п╦п╧* -- majordomo@sk.FreeBSD.org
+* *п╦я│п©п╟п╫я│п╨п╦п╧* -- https://listas.es.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo[WWW].
+* *я┬п╡п╣п╢я│п╨п╦п╧* -- bus@stacken.kth.se п╦п╩п╦ https://lists.stacken.kth.se/mailman/listinfo/bus[WWW].
+* *я┌я┐я─п╣я├п╨п╦п╧* -- freebsd@lists.enderunix.org п╦п╩п╦ http://lists.enderunix.org[WWW].
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╩п╦ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴я▒п╫п╫я▀п╧ FreeBSD, link:../../mailto/[п╢п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╪ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/community/newsgroups.adoc b/website/content/ru/community/newsgroups.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1bff1ba12d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/community/newsgroups.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+title: "п╒п╣п╩п╣п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╦"
+sidenav: community
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п╒п╣п╩п╣п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╦
+
+п║я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ link:{handbook}#eresources-news[я┌п╣п╩п╣п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╧], п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴я▒п╫п╫я▀я┘ FreeBSD п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╧, п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╟п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ FreeBSD, п╫п╬ п╡я│я▒ я┌п╟п╨п╦ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╬я│я┌п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я│п╟п╪я▀п╪ п╫п╟п╢п╣п╤п╫я▀п╪ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╪ п╡п╬п╧я┌п╦ п╡ п╨п╬п╫я┌п╟п╨я┌ я│ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪п╦ FreeBSD. п·п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▌ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╟я│п©п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴п╣п╫п╟ я┌п╣п╩п╣п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦я▐ link:news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc[comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc]. п▓п╟п╤п╫я▀п╣ п╟п╫п╬п╫я│я▀ п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ link:news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce[comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce].
+
+п░я─я┘п╦п╡я▀ п╡я│п╣я┘ я┌п╣п╩п╣п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╧ п©п╬ BSD я│ п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1992 пЁп╬п╢п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╫п╟ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╬п╡п╬п╪ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣ http://minnie.tuhs.org/BSD-info/bsdnews_search.html[The BSD Usenet News Searcher].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/community/social.adoc b/website/content/ru/community/social.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2d969d5b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/community/social.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: "п║п╬я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│п╣я┌п╦ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: community
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п║п╬я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│п╣я┌п╦ FreeBSD
+
+FreeBSD п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ я│п╬я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я│п╣я┌я▐я┘.
+
+* п╒я▀я│я▐я┤п╦ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п©п╬п╪п╣я┌п╦п╩п╦ п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬ 30,000 я┐п╫п╦п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╡п╣п╠ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п╪п╣я┌п╨п╬п╧ 'link:http://del.icio.us/tag/freebsd[freebsd]' п╫п╟ http://del.icio.us[del.icio.us].
+* п╒я▀я│я▐я┤п╦ я└п╬я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╧ я│п╬ п╡я│я┌я─п╣я┤ пЁя─я┐п©п© п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧, п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╧ п╦ я┘п╟п╨п╟я┌п╬п╫п╬п╡ п©п╬п╪п╣я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╪п╣я┌п╨п╬п╧ 'link:http://flickr.com/search/?z=t&ss=2&w=all&q=freebsd&m=text[freebsd]' п╫п╟ http://www.flickr.com[flickr].
+* п║п╬я┌п╫п╦ п╡п╦п╢п╣п╬я─п╬п╩п╦п╨п╬п╡ я│ п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╧, я│п╨я─п╦п╫п╨п╟я│я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╧, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│ http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=freebsd&search_type=&aq=f[FreeBSD], п╫п╟ http://www.youtube.com[YouTube]. п▓ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, я┌п╟п╪ п╤п╣ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩ http://www.youtube.com/bsdconferences[BSD Conferences], я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┴п╦п╧ п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬ 1 я┤п╟я│п╟ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╣п╧ п©я─п╣п╥п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╧, я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦я▐я┘ FreeBSD.
+* http://www.facebook.com/home.php#/group.php?gid=2204657214[п⌠я─я┐п©п©п╟ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ FreeBSD] п╫п╟ http://www.facebook.com[Facebook] п╦ http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=47628[пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟ FreeBSD] п╫п╟ http://www.linkedin.com[LinkedIn].
+* п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢п╦я┌я▄ п╥п╟ http://twitter.com/freebsdannounce[@freebsdannounce], http://twitter.com/freebsdblogs[@freebsdblogs], http://twitter.com/freebsd[@freebsd] п╦п╩п╦ http://twitter.com/bsdevents[@bsdevents] п╫п╟ http://twitter.com[Twitter].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/community/webresources.adoc b/website/content/ru/community/webresources.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b22124f1fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/community/webresources.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+title: "Web я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀"
+sidenav: community
+---
+
+= Web я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀
+
+п²п╟я┬п╦ web-я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╬я│я┌п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╬п╢п╫п╦п╪п╦ п╦п╥ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╦я┘ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦, п╨ я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╤п╣ п╬п╫п╦ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╦я─я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ я│п╟п╧я┌я▀ п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪я┐ п╪п╦я─я┐. п÷п╬п©я─п╬п╠я┐п╧я┌п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╪ www.*я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╟*.FreeBSD.org (п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/[www.de.FreeBSD.org] п╢п╩я▐ п⌠п╣я─п╪п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╦п╩п╦ http://www.au.FreeBSD.org/[www.au.FreeBSD.org] п╢п╩я▐ п░п╡я│я┌я─п╟п╩п╦п╦), п╦п╩п╦ п╡я▀п╠п╣я─п╦я┌п╣ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╬ п╦п╥ п╡я▀п©п╟п╢п╟я▌я┴п╣пЁп╬ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ п╫п╟ link:../[пЁп╩п╟п╡п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣].
+
+п║я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╫п╣п╟п╫пЁп╩п╬я▐п╥я▀я┤п╫я▀п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀:
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/pt_BR/books/faq/[FAQ п╫п╟ п╠я─п╟п╥п╦п╩я▄я│п╨п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я┌я┐пЁп╟п╩я▄я│п╨п╬п╪]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/zh_CN/books/faq/[FAQ п╫п╟ п╨п╦я┌п╟п╧я│п╨п╬п╪]
+* http://www.FreeBSD-fr.org/[я└я─п╟п╫я├я┐п╥я│п╨п╦п╧]
+* http://www.hu.FreeBSD.org/hu/[п╡п╣п╫пЁп╣я─я│п╨п╦п╧]
+* http://www.FreeBSD.or.id[п╦п╫п╢п╬п╫п╣п╥п╦п╧я│п╨п╦п╧]
+* http://www.gufi.org/[п╦я┌п╟п╩я▄я▐п╫я│п╨п╦п╧]
+* http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/[я▐п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╦п╧]
+* http://www.kr.FreeBSD.org/[п╨п╬я─п╣п╧я│п╨п╦п╧]
+* http://npf.pt.FreeBSD.org/[п©п╬я─я┌я┐пЁп╟п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╧]
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org.ru/[я─я┐я│я│п╨п╦п╧], link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru/books/faq/[FAQ]
+
+п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ я┘п╬п╢п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╨ п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╦ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../../news/newsflash/[п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦я┘ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╣п╧].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/copyright/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/copyright/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb59ef7340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/copyright/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+title: "п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬п╠ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─я│п╨п╦я┘ п©я─п╟п╡п╟я┘ п╫п╟ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬п╠ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─я│п╨п╦я┘ п©я─п╟п╡п╟я┘ п╫п╟ FreeBSD
+
+== link:freebsd-license/[п⌡п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▐ FreeBSD]
+
+== link:freebsd-doc-license/[п⌡п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▐ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌]
+
+== link:trademarks/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀я┘ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╟я┘]
+
+== link:license/[п⌡п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▐ BSD]
+
+== link:daemon/[п■п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫ BSD]
+
+== link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/LEGAL[п·пЁя─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD]
+
+== link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING[пёп╫п╦п╡п╣я─я│п╟п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п·п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п⌡п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▐ GNU]
+
+== link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING.LIB[пёп╫п╦п╡п╣я─я│п╟п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п·п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п⌡п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▐ GNU п╢п╩я▐ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨]
+
+== link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/privacy/[п÷п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨п╟ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦п╢п╣п╫я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/copyright/daemon.adoc b/website/content/ru/copyright/daemon.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64d86c9b79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/copyright/daemon.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+title: "п■п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫ BSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= п■п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫ BSD
+
+п°п╟п╩п╣п╫я▄п╨п╦п╧ п©п╟я─п╫п╦я┬п╨п╟ п╨я─п╟я│п╫п╬пЁп╬ я├п╡п╣я┌п╟, п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬пЁп╬ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╫п╟ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦я┘ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟я┘ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│п╟п╧я┌п╟ - я█я┌п╬ п■п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫ BSD. п▓ UNIX(R)-я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘ п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╟п╪п╦ п╫п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡ я└п╬п╫п╬п╡п╬п╪ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я▌я┌ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я┐я▌ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я┐я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ п╠п╣п╥ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦я▐ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧. п▓п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣ пЁп╬п╡п╬я─я▐, п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫ - я█я┌п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟я─п╣п╡я┬п╟я▐ я└п╬я─п╪п╟ я│п╩п╬п╡п╟ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫. п▓ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╣ _Unix System Administration Handbook_ п╜п╡п╦ п²п╣п╪п╣я┌ п©п╦я┬п╣я┌ п╬ п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╟я┘ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣:
+
+____
+"п°п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ я│я┌п╟п╡я▐я┌ п╥п╫п╟п╨ я─п╟п╡п╣п╫я│я┌п╡п╟ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ я│п╩п╬п╡п╟п╪п╦ ''п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫'' п╦ ''п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫'', п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟я▐, я┤я┌п╬ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣п╨п╟я▐ я│п╟я┌п╟п╫п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ я│п╡я▐п╥я▄ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ UNIX п╦ п©п╬я┌я┐я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫п╫п╦п╪ п╪п╦я─п╬п╪. п╜я┌п╬ пЁп╬п╡п╬я─п╦я┌ п╬ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╪ п╫п╣п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╦ я│я┐я┌п╦ я█я┌п╦я┘ п©п╬п╫я▐я┌п╦п╧. ''п■п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫'' - я█я┌п╬ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╢я─п╣п╡п╫я▐я▐ я└п╬я─п╪п╟ ''п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫п╟''; п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫я▀ п╫п╣ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ п╫п╦п╨п╟п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╬я┌п╫п╬я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦я▐п╪ п╠п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╩п╦ п╢я▄я▐п╡п╬п╩я▄я│п╨п╬пЁп╬, я┘п╬я┌я▐ я┐п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┘п╟я─п╟п╨я┌п╣я─п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╦ п╫п╣п╨п╬п╧ п©п╣я─я│п╬п╫я▀. п■я─п╣п╡п╫п╣пЁя─п╣я┤п╣я│п╨п╟я▐ п╦п╢п╣я▐ ''п╩п╦я┤п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╟'' п©п╬я┘п╬п╤п╟ п╫п╟ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╨п╬п╫я├п╣п©я├п╦я▌ ''п╟п╫пЁп╣п╩п╟-я┘я─п╟п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▐'' --- ''eudaemonia'', п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п╦п╩п╦ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┌п╟ п╫п╣п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╢я┐я┘п╟. п п╟п╨ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╬, я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ UNIX п©я─я▐п╪п╬-я┌п╟п╨п╦ п╨п╦я┬п╟я┌ п╨п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╟п╪п╦, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫п╟п╪п╦." (я│я┌я─. 403)
+____
+
+п║п╟п╪я▀п╣ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╣ (п╦ п╫п╟п╦п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п©я┐п╩я▐я─п╫я▀п╣) п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п■п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╟ BSD п╠я▀п╩п╦ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫я▀ п■п╤п╬п╫п╬п╪ п⌡я█я│я│п╣я┌п╣я─п╬п╪ (John Lasseter). п▒п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╥п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╟ FreeBSD п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╩ http://FromTo.Cc/hosokawa/gallery/[п╒п╟я├я┐п╪п╦ п╔п╬я│п╬п╨п╟п╡п╟] (Tatsumi Hosokawa), п╫п╬ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╢п╣я▐, п╨п╬п╫п╣я┤п╫п╬, п©я─п╦п╫п╟п╢п╩п╣п╤п╦я┌ п■п╤п╬п╫я┐. п║п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╟ п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╟ п╦ п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╪ п©я─п╟п╡ п╫п╟ п╫п╣пЁп╬ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ mailto:mckusick@mckusick.com[Marshall Kirk McKusick]. п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨я─п╟я┌п╨п╟я▐ http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/index.html[п╦я│я┌п╬я─п╦я▐]. п║я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ я├п╣п╩п╟я▐ пЁп╟п╩п╣я─п╣я▐ link:../publish.html[п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╧], я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│ FreeBSD, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╥п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╟я─п╦п╟п╫я┌я▀ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╟.
+
+п²п╟ я│п╟п╧я┌п╣ http://www.freebsdmall.com[FreeBSD Mall] п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╥п╟п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄ п©п╩я▌я┬п╣п╡я▀я┘ п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╬п╡ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫п╬пЁп╬ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я─п╟ image:../../../gifs/plueschtier-tiny.jpg[beanie daemon].
+
+п п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐ http://www.scotgold.com/acatalog/ScotGold_Catalogue_BSD_Daemon_Stuff_3.html[ScotGold] п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟п╣я┌ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╨п╦ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я─п╬п╪ п╡ 1 п╢я▌п╧п╪ я│ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п■п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╟ BSD.
+
+BSD Daemon Copyright 1988 by Marshall Kirk McKusick. All Rights Reserved.
+
+п÷я─п╟п╡п╟ п╫п╟ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╟ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫я▀ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐:
+
+____
+Marshall Kirk McKusick +
+1614 Oxford St +
+Berkeley, CA 94709-1608 +
+USA
+____
+
+п╦п╩п╦ п©п╬ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌п╣ mckusick@mckusick.com.
+
+link:..[п⌠п╩п╟п╡п╫п╟я▐ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п╬ п©я─п╟п╡п╟я┘]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/copyright/freebsd-doc-license.adoc b/website/content/ru/copyright/freebsd-doc-license.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..32826df555
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/copyright/freebsd-doc-license.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+title: "п⌡п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▐ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌"
+sidenav: about
+--- 
+
+= п⌡п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▐ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌
+
+Copyright 1992-2012 FreeBSD Project. п▓я│п╣ п©я─п╟п╡п╟ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┴п╣п╫я▀.
+
+п═п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ п╦ 'я│п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘' я└п╬я─п╪, я│ п╪п╬п╢п╦я└п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╦п╩п╦ п╠п╣п╥ п╬п╫п╬п╧, я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╣п╫я▀ п©я─п╦ я│п╬п╠п╩я▌п╢п╣п╫п╦п╦ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я┬п╣п╫п╦п╧:
+
+. п═п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╨п╬п©п╦п╦ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╬я┘я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я▄ п╡я▀я┬п╣я┐п©п╬п╪я▐п╫я┐я┌я▀п╣ п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ copyright, я█я┌п╬я┌ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦ я│п╬я┘я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я▄ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╬я┌п╨п╟п╥ п╬я┌ п©я─п╟п╡.
+. п═п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╨п╬п©п╦п╦ я│п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я└п╬я─п╪ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п©п╬п╡я┌п╬я─я▐я┌я▄ п╡я▀я┬п╣я┐п©п╬п╪я▐п╫я┐я┌я▀п╣ п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ copyright, я█я┌п╬я┌ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╬я┌п╨п╟п╥ п╡ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦/п╦п╩п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩п╟я┘, п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪я▀я┘ я│ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я▄я▌я├п╦п╣п╧.
+
+п╜п╒п· п÷п═п·п⌠п═п░п°п°п²п·п∙ п·п▒п∙п║п÷п∙п╖п∙п²п≤п∙ п÷п·п║п╒п░п▓п⌡п╞п∙п╒п║п╞ п÷п═п·п∙п п╒п·п° FREEBSD "п п░п  п∙п║п╒п╛" п▒п∙п≈ п п░п п·п⌠п·-п⌡п≤п▒п· п▓п≤п■п░ п⌠п░п═п░п²п╒п≤п≥, п▓п╚п═п░п√п∙п²п²п╚п╔ п╞п▓п²п· п≤п⌡п≤ п÷п·п■п═п░п≈пёп°п∙п▓п░п∙п°п╚п╔, п▓п п⌡п╝п╖п░п╞, п²п· п²п∙ п·п⌠п═п░п²п≤п╖п≤п▓п░п╞п║п╛ п≤п°п≤, п÷п·п■п═п░п≈пёп°п∙п▓п░п∙п°п╚п∙ п⌠п░п═п░п²п╒п≤п≤ п п·п°п°п∙п═п╖п∙п║п п·п≥ п╕п∙п²п²п·п║п╒п≤ п≤ п÷п═п≤п⌠п·п■п²п·п║п╒п≤ п■п⌡п╞ п п·п²п п═п∙п╒п²п·п≥ п╕п∙п⌡п≤. п²п≤ п▓ п п·п∙п° п║п⌡пёп╖п░п∙, п∙п║п⌡п≤ п²п∙ п╒п═п∙п▒пёп∙п╒п║п╞ п║п·п·п╒п▓п∙п╒п║п╒п▓пёп╝п╘п≤п° п≈п░п п·п²п·п°, п≤п⌡п≤ п²п∙ пёп║п╒п░п²п·п▓п⌡п∙п²п· п▓ пёп║п╒п²п·п≥ п╓п·п═п°п∙, п²п≤ п·п■п≤п² п■п∙п═п√п░п╒п∙п⌡п╛ п░п▓п╒п·п═п║п п≤п╔ п÷п═п░п▓ п≤ п²п≤ п·п■п²п· п■п═пёп⌠п·п∙ п⌡п≤п╕п·, п п·п╒п·п═п·п∙ п°п·п√п∙п╒ п≤п≈п°п∙п²п╞п╒п╛ п≤/п≤п⌡п≤ п÷п·п▓п╒п·п═п²п· п═п░п║п÷п═п·п║п╒п═п░п²п╞п╒п╛ п÷п═п·п⌠п═п░п°п°пё, п п░п  п▒п╚п⌡п· п═п░п≈п═п∙п╗п∙п²п· п▓п╚п╗п∙, п²п∙ п·п╒п▓п∙п╒п║п╒п▓п∙п²п²п╚ п÷п∙п═п∙п■ п▓п░п°п≤ п≈п░ пёп▒п╚п╒п п≤, п▓п п⌡п╝п╖п░п╞ п⌡п╝п▒п╚п∙ п·п▒п╘п≤п∙, п║п⌡пёп╖п░п≥п²п╚п∙, п║п÷п∙п╕п≤п░п⌡п╛п²п╚п∙ п≤п⌡п≤ п÷п·п║п⌡п∙п■п·п▓п░п▓п╗п≤п∙ пёп▒п╚п╒п п≤, п÷п═п·п≤п║п╒п∙п п░п╝п╘п≤п∙ п≤п≈ п≤п║п÷п·п⌡п╛п≈п·п▓п░п²п≤п╞ п≤п⌡п≤ п²п∙п▓п·п≈п°п·п√п²п·п║п╒п≤ п≤п║п÷п·п⌡п╛п≈п·п▓п░п²п≤п╞ п÷п═п·п⌠п═п░п°п°п╚ (п▓п п⌡п╝п╖п░п╞, п²п· п²п∙ п·п⌠п═п░п²п≤п╖п≤п▓п░п╞п║п╛ п÷п·п╒п∙п═п∙п≥ п■п░п²п²п╚п╔, п≤п⌡п≤ п■п░п²п²п╚п°п≤, п║п╒п░п▓п╗п≤п°п≤ п²п∙п÷п═п░п▓п≤п⌡п╛п²п╚п°п≤, п≤п⌡п≤ п÷п·п╒п∙п═п╞п°п≤ п÷п═п≤п²п∙п║п∙п²п²п╚п°п≤ п≤п≈-п≈п░ п▓п░п║ п≤п⌡п≤ п╒п═п∙п╒п╛п≤п╔ п⌡п≤п╕, п≤п⌡п≤ п·п╒п п░п≈п·п° п÷п═п·п⌠п═п░п°п°п╚ п═п░п▒п·п╒п░п╒п╛ п║п·п▓п°п∙п║п╒п²п· п║ п■п═пёп⌠п≤п°п≤ п÷п═п·п⌠п═п░п°п°п░п°п≤), п■п░п√п∙ п∙п║п⌡п≤ п╒п░п п·п≥ п■п∙п═п√п░п╒п∙п⌡п╛ п≤п⌡п≤ п■п═пёп⌠п·п∙ п⌡п≤п╕п· п▒п╚п⌡п≤ п≤п≈п▓п∙п╘п∙п²п╚ п· п▓п·п≈п°п·п√п²п·п║п╒п≤ п╒п░п п≤п╔ пёп▒п╚п╒п п·п▓.
+
+п°п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐, я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╡ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╪ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦, я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─я│п╨п╦п╪п╦ п╦ п╫п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п©я─п╣я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╨п╟п╨ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩, я▐п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╦п╩п╦ я│п╨я─я▀я┌я▀я┘, п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD.
+
+_п▓п░п√п²п·: п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я├п╣п╩п╣п╧. п·я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╣п╧ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╟п╫пЁп╩п╬я▐п╥я▀я┤п╫п╟я▐; п©я─п╦ я█я┌п╬п╪, п╫п╣ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╣я▒ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬пЁя─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╩п╬п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ п╥п╟п╨п╬п╫п╬п╢п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│я┌п╡п╬п╪._
+
+link:..[п⌠п╩п╟п╡п╫п╟я▐ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п╬ п©я─п╟п╡п╟я┘]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/copyright/freebsd-license.adoc b/website/content/ru/copyright/freebsd-license.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be6780b786
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/copyright/freebsd-license.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+title: "п⌡п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▐ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= п⌡п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▐ FreeBSD
+
+Copyright 1992-2012 FreeBSD Project. п▓я│п╣ п©я─п╟п╡п╟ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┴п╣п╫я▀.
+
+п═п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ п╦ 'я│п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘' я└п╬я─п╪, я│ п╪п╬п╢п╦я└п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╦п╩п╦ п╠п╣п╥ п╬п╫п╬п╧, я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╣п╫я▀ п©я─п╦ я│п╬п╠п╩я▌п╢п╣п╫п╦п╦ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я┬п╣п╫п╦п╧:
+
+. п═п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╨п╬п©п╦п╦ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╬я┘я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я▄ п╡я▀я┬п╣я┐п©п╬п╪я▐п╫я┐я┌я▀п╣ п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ copyright, я█я┌п╬я┌ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦ я│п╬я┘я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я▄ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╬я┌п╨п╟п╥ п╬я┌ п©я─п╟п╡.
+. п═п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╨п╬п©п╦п╦ я│п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я└п╬я─п╪ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п©п╬п╡я┌п╬я─я▐я┌я▄ п╡я▀я┬п╣я┐п©п╬п╪я▐п╫я┐я┌я▀п╣ п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ copyright, я█я┌п╬я┌ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╬я┌п╨п╟п╥ п╡ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦/п╦п╩п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩п╟я┘, п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪я▀я┘ я│ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я▄я▌я├п╦п╣п╧.
+
+п╜п╒п· п÷п═п·п⌠п═п░п°п°п²п·п∙ п·п▒п∙п║п÷п∙п╖п∙п²п≤п∙ п÷п·п║п╒п░п▓п⌡п╞п∙п╒п║п╞ п÷п═п·п∙п п╒п·п° FREEBSD "п п░п  п∙п║п╒п╛" п▒п∙п≈ п п░п п·п⌠п·-п⌡п≤п▒п· п▓п≤п■п░ п⌠п░п═п░п²п╒п≤п≥, п▓п╚п═п░п√п∙п²п²п╚п╔ п╞п▓п²п· п≤п⌡п≤ п÷п·п■п═п░п≈пёп°п∙п▓п░п∙п°п╚п╔, п▓п п⌡п╝п╖п░п╞, п²п· п²п∙ п·п⌠п═п░п²п≤п╖п≤п▓п░п╞п║п╛ п≤п°п≤, п÷п·п■п═п░п≈пёп°п∙п▓п░п∙п°п╚п∙ п⌠п░п═п░п²п╒п≤п≤ п п·п°п°п∙п═п╖п∙п║п п·п≥ п╕п∙п²п²п·п║п╒п≤ п≤ п÷п═п≤п⌠п·п■п²п·п║п╒п≤ п■п⌡п╞ п п·п²п п═п∙п╒п²п·п≥ п╕п∙п⌡п≤. п²п≤ п▓ п п·п∙п° п║п⌡пёп╖п░п∙, п∙п║п⌡п≤ п²п∙ п╒п═п∙п▒пёп∙п╒п║п╞ п║п·п·п╒п▓п∙п╒п║п╒п▓пёп╝п╘п≤п° п≈п░п п·п²п·п°, п≤п⌡п≤ п²п∙ пёп║п╒п░п²п·п▓п⌡п∙п²п· п▓ пёп║п╒п²п·п≥ п╓п·п═п°п∙, п²п≤ п·п■п≤п² п■п∙п═п√п░п╒п∙п⌡п╛ п░п▓п╒п·п═п║п п≤п╔ п÷п═п░п▓ п≤ п²п≤ п·п■п²п· п■п═пёп⌠п·п∙ п⌡п≤п╕п·, п п·п╒п·п═п·п∙ п°п·п√п∙п╒ п≤п≈п°п∙п²п╞п╒п╛ п≤/п≤п⌡п≤ п÷п·п▓п╒п·п═п²п· п═п░п║п÷п═п·п║п╒п═п░п²п╞п╒п╛ п÷п═п·п⌠п═п░п°п°пё, п п░п  п▒п╚п⌡п· п═п░п≈п═п∙п╗п∙п²п· п▓п╚п╗п∙, п²п∙ п·п╒п▓п∙п╒п║п╒п▓п∙п²п²п╚ п÷п∙п═п∙п■ п▓п░п°п≤ п≈п░ пёп▒п╚п╒п п≤, п▓п п⌡п╝п╖п░п╞ п⌡п╝п▒п╚п∙ п·п▒п╘п≤п∙, п║п⌡пёп╖п░п≥п²п╚п∙, п║п÷п∙п╕п≤п░п⌡п╛п²п╚п∙ п≤п⌡п≤ п÷п·п║п⌡п∙п■п·п▓п░п▓п╗п≤п∙ пёп▒п╚п╒п п≤, п÷п═п·п≤п║п╒п∙п п░п╝п╘п≤п∙ п≤п≈ п≤п║п÷п·п⌡п╛п≈п·п▓п░п²п≤п╞ п≤п⌡п≤ п²п∙п▓п·п≈п°п·п√п²п·п║п╒п≤ п≤п║п÷п·п⌡п╛п≈п·п▓п░п²п≤п╞ п÷п═п·п⌠п═п░п°п°п╚ (п▓п п⌡п╝п╖п░п╞, п²п· п²п∙ п·п⌠п═п░п²п≤п╖п≤п▓п░п╞п║п╛ п÷п·п╒п∙п═п∙п≥ п■п░п²п²п╚п╔, п≤п⌡п≤ п■п░п²п²п╚п°п≤, п║п╒п░п▓п╗п≤п°п≤ п²п∙п÷п═п░п▓п≤п⌡п╛п²п╚п°п≤, п≤п⌡п≤ п÷п·п╒п∙п═п╞п°п≤ п÷п═п≤п²п∙п║п∙п²п²п╚п°п≤ п≤п≈-п≈п░ п▓п░п║ п≤п⌡п≤ п╒п═п∙п╒п╛п≤п╔ п⌡п≤п╕, п≤п⌡п≤ п·п╒п п░п≈п·п° п÷п═п·п⌠п═п░п°п°п╚ п═п░п▒п·п╒п░п╒п╛ п║п·п▓п°п∙п║п╒п²п· п║ п■п═пёп⌠п≤п°п≤ п÷п═п·п⌠п═п░п°п°п░п°п≤), п■п░п√п∙ п∙п║п⌡п≤ п╒п░п п·п≥ п■п∙п═п√п░п╒п∙п⌡п╛ п≤п⌡п≤ п■п═пёп⌠п·п∙ п⌡п≤п╕п· п▒п╚п⌡п≤ п≤п≈п▓п∙п╘п∙п²п╚ п· п▓п·п≈п°п·п√п²п·п║п╒п≤ п╒п░п п≤п╔ пёп▒п╚п╒п п·п▓.
+
+п°п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐, я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╡ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╪ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦, я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─я│п╨п╦п╪п╦ п╦ п╫п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п©я─п╣я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╨п╟п╨ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩, я▐п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╦п╩п╦ я│п╨я─я▀я┌я▀я┘, п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD.
+
+_п▓п░п√п²п·: п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я├п╣п╩п╣п╧. п·я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╣п╧ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╟п╫пЁп╩п╬я▐п╥я▀я┤п╫п╟я▐; п©я─п╦ я█я┌п╬п╪, п╫п╣ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╣я▒ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬пЁя─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╩п╬п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ п╥п╟п╨п╬п╫п╬п╢п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│я┌п╡п╬п╪._
+
+link:..[п⌠п╩п╟п╡п╫п╟я▐ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п╬ п©я─п╟п╡п╟я┘]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/copyright/license.adoc b/website/content/ru/copyright/license.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ec6e03863
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/copyright/license.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+---
+title: "The 4.4BSD Copyright"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= The 4.4BSD Copyright
+
+All of the documentation and software included in the 4.4BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite Releases is copyrighted by The Regents of the University of California.
+
+Copyright 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following acknowledgement:
++
+____
+This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+____
+. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information Processing Systems have given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation.
+
+In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions of the system documentation.
+
+Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in the second BSD Networking Software Release, from IEEE Std 1003.1-1988, IEEE Standard Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments (POSIX), copyright C 1988 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE Standard, the original IEEE Standard is the referee document.
+
+In the following statement, the phrase ``This material'' refers to portions of the system documentation.
+
+This material is reproduced with permission from American National Standards Committee X3, on Information Processing Systems. Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association (CBEMA), 311 First St., NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20001-2178. The developmental work of Programming Language C was completed by the X3J11 Technical Committee.
+
+The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Regents of the University of California.
+
+_п≈п░п°п∙п╖п░п²п≤п∙:_ п╒п╣п╨я│я┌ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦п╦ Berkeley Software Distribution ("BSD") п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦п╧я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ пёп╫п╦п╡п╣я─я│п╦я┌п╣я┌п╟ п╡ п▒п╣я─п╨п╩п╦ п╠я▀п╩ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▒п╫. п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ ftp://ftp.cs.berkeley.edu/pub/4bsd/README.Impt.License.Change п╦ п╬п╫ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╦п╤п╣.
+
+____
+22 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 1999
+
+п▓я│п╣п╪ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦п╟я┌п╟п╪ п╦ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╬я─п╟п╪ п╩я▌п╠я▀я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ BSD:
+
+п п╟п╨ п╡я▀ п╥п╫п╟п╣я┌п╣, п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ Berkeley Software Distribution ("BSD") я┌я─п╣п╠я┐я▌я┌, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╢п╟п╩я▄п╫п╣п╧я┬п╣п╣ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╬п╡, я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┴п╦я┘ п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦п╩п╬я│я▄ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩п╬п╪, я┐п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╪ п╫п╟ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╦ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌я▀ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣, я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╫п╫п╬п╣ п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦п╧я│п╨п╦п╪ пёп╫п╦п╡п╣я─я│п╦я┌п╣я┌п╬п╪ п╡ п▒п╣я─п╨п╩п╦ п╦ п╣пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╬я─п╟п╪п╦.
+
+п▓ я┐я│п╩п╬п╡п╦п╦ я│п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╬ п╠я┐п╨п╡п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣:
+
+....
+"     * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+      *           must display the following acknowledgement:
+      *           This product includes software developed by the University of
+      *           California, Berkeley and its contributors."
+....
+
+п║ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╣пЁп╬ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫я▀ п╦ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╬я─я▀ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╫п╣ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟п╫я▀ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╣ я┐п©п╬п╪п╦п╫п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я│п╡п╬п╦ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩я▀. п▓ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╦ я│ я█я┌п╦п╪ п╥п╟я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п©п╟я─п╟пЁя─п╟я└ п╡ я┌п╣я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟я┘ BSD Unix, я┤я┌п╬ п╣пЁп╬ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌, я┐п╢п╟п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌.
+
+п▓п╦п╩я▄я▐п╪ п╔п╬я│п╨п╦п╫я│ +
+п²п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╦п╨ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩п╟ п©п╬ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╧ +
+п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦п╧я│п╨п╦п╧ пёп╫п╦п╡п╣я─я│п╦я┌п╣я┌, п▒п╣я─п╨п╩п╦
+____
+
+link:..[п⌠п╩п╟п╡п╫п╟я▐ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п╬ п©я─п╟п╡п╟я┘]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/copyright/trademarks.adoc b/website/content/ru/copyright/trademarks.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd2849d70b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/copyright/trademarks.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+---
+title: "п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀я┘ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╟я┘"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀я┘ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╟я┘
+
+п≈п╫п╟п╨ FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╪ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪ я└п╬п╫п╢п╟ FreeBSD.
+
+п⌡п╬пЁп╬я┌п╦п© FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╪ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪ я└п╬п╫п╢п╟ FreeBSD.
+
+п║п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я┐ http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/documents/Guidelines.shtml[я┐я│п╩п╬п╡п╦п╧ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╟] http://www.freebsdfoundation.org[я└п╬п╫п╢п╟ FreeBSD] п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD.
+
+Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, п╦ PostScript я█я┌п╬ п╦п╩п╦ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╦ п╦п╩п╦ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╦ Adobe Systems Incorporated п╡ п║п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╗я┌п╟я┌п╟я┘ п╦/п╦п╩п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╟я┘.
+
+AMD, Am486, Am5X86, AMD Athlon, AMD Duron, AMD Opteron, AMD-K6, ц┴lan, Operton п╦ PCnet я█я┌п╬ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╦ Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
+
+Apple, FireWire, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, Quicktime, п╦ TrueType я█я┌п╬ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╦ Apple Computer, Inc., п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╡ п║п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╗я┌п╟я┌п╟я┘ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╟я┘.
+
+CVSup я█я┌п╬ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╧ п╥п╫п╟п╨ John D. Polstra.
+
+IBM п╦ PowerPC я█я┌п╬ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╦ International Business Machines Corporation п╡ п║п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╗я┌п╟я┌п╟я┘, п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╟я┘, п╦п╩п╦ п©п╬п╡я│п╣п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬.
+
+IEEE, POSIX, п╦ 802 я█я┌п╬ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╦ Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
+
+Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, п╦ Xeon я█я┌п╬ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╦ п╦п╩п╦ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╦ Intel Corporation п╦п╩п╦ п╣п╣ п╢п╬я┤п╣я─п╫п╦я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╡ п║п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╗я┌п╟я┌п╟я┘ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╟я┘.
+
+Linux я█я┌п╬ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╧ п╥п╫п╟п╨ Linus Torvalds п╡ п║п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╗я┌п╟я┌п╟я┘.
+
+Motif, OSF/1, п╦ UNIX я█я┌п╬ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╦, IT DialTone п╦ Open Group я█я┌п╬ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╦ Open Group п╡ п║п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╗я┌п╟я┌п╟я┘ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╟я┘.
+
+MySQL я█я┌п╬ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╧ п╥п╫п╟п╨ MySQL AB п╡ п║п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╗я┌п╟я┌п╟я┘, п∙п╡я─п╬п©п╣п╧я│п╨п╬п╪ п║п╬я▌п╥п╣ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╟я┘.
+
+Silicon Graphics, SGI, п╦ OpenGL я█я┌п╬ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╦ Silicon Graphics, Inc., п╡ п║п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╗я┌п╟я┌п╟я┘ п╦/п╦п╩п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╟я┘ п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪я┐ п╪п╦я─я┐.
+
+Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, п╦ UltraSPARC я█я┌п╬ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╦ SPARC International, Inc п╡ п║п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╗я┌п╟я┌п╟я┘ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╟я┘. п÷я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌я▀, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╧ п╥п╫п╟п╨ SPARC, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╫п╟ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╣, я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ Sun Microsystems, Inc.
+
+Sun, Sun Microsystems, SunOS, Solaris, п╦ Java я█я┌п╬ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╦ п╦п╩п╦ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╦ Sun Microsystems, Inc. п╡ п║п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╗я┌п╟я┌п╟я┘ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╟я┘.
+
+XFree86 я█я┌п╬ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╧ п╥п╫п╟п╨ XFree86 Project, Inc.
+
+п°п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ п╬п╠п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪п╦ п╦ п©я─п╬п╢п╟п╡я├п╟п╪п╦, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╦я┌я▄ я│п╡п╬п╦ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌я▀, п╥п╟я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╨п╟п╨ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╦. п п╬пЁп╢п╟ я█я┌п╦ п╬п╠п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│п╟п╧я┌п╣, п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐ FreeBSD п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ п╬ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫п╬п╪ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╣, п╨ п╬п╠п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╦п╪п╡п╬п╩ '(TM)' п╦п╩п╦ '(R)'.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/developers/cvs.adoc b/website/content/ru/developers/cvs.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59cacecc71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/developers/cvs.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+title: "CVS я─п╣п©п╬п╥п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╧"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= CVS я─п╣п©п╬п╥п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╧
+
+http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?cvs[CVS] (Concurrent Version System) я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┌п╣п╪ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╪, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╪я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪ п╢п╩я▐ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╪п╦ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╟п╪п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. п п╟п╤п╢п╬п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ (я│ я│п╬п©я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▄я▌ п╡ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╣, п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╣пЁп╬ я│п╪я▀я│п╩), п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▐ я│ FreeBSD 2.0 п╡п©п╩п╬я┌я▄ п╢п╬ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╣пЁп╬ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟, я┘я─п╟п╫п╦я┌я│я▐ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄. п≤я┘ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣я┌я▄ п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ Web-п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я┐п©п╬п╪я▐п╫я┐я┌ п╫п╦п╤п╣. п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩п╫я┐я▌ п╨п╬п©п╦я▌ CVS я─п╣п©п╬п╥п╦я┌п╬я─п╦я▐ FreeBSD п╦п╩п╦ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╦ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╦ п╫п╣пЁп╬, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╦я┌я▄ п╬п╢п╫п╦п╪ п╦п╥ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╡:
+
+* link:{handbook}#CVSUP[cvsup] п╡ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п©п╬ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌, я│ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п╧ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩п╟ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀ (п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╫п╦ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣, п╫п╦ п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╣, п╫п╟ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╣ Modula-3).
+* link:{handbook}#ANONCVS[anoncvs], п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п©п╬ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╢п╟я▒я┌ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬я┐я▌, я┤п╣п╪ cvsup, п╫п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨я┐ п╫п╟ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩ (п╡ я│п╪я▀я│п╩п╣ п╬п╠я┴п╣пЁп╬ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦ п╦ я┌я─п╟я└п╦п╨п╟), я┘п╬я┌я▐ п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я┴п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╩я▐ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ п╪п╟п╩п╣п╫я▄п╨п╦я┘ п╨я┐я│п╬я┤п╨п╬п╡ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ п╦ п╬п╫ п╫п╣ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ п╫п╦я┤п╣пЁп╬, п╨я─п╬п╪п╣ cvs я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌, я┐п╤п╣ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╡ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╨я┐ FreeBSD.
+* link:{handbook}#CTM[CTM] п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ я█п╨п╬п╫п╬п╪п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╡ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╫п╬п╪ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣ (п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪ п©п╣я─п╣я│я▀п╩п╨п╟ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ п©п╬ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌п╣).
+* п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org[web-п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╬п╪], п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣я┌я▄ я─п╣п©п╬п╥п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╧ п╡ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╟я┘ п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫я▀я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦п╩п╦ я─п╣п╡п╦п╥п╦п╦ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟.
+* п≤ п╫п╟п╨п╬п╫п╣я├, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ п╫п╣я┤п╣п╪ п╥п╟п╠п╦я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩ п╦п╩п╦ п╤п╣ п╡я▀ п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬я┤п╦я┌п╟п╣я┌п╣ п╦п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ FTP, п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╬ CVS я─п╣п©п╬п╥п╦я┌п╬я─п╦я▐ я│ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/FreeBSD-CVS[ftp.freebsd.org].
+
+п≈п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╟ web п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╟ п╨ CVS п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ п╡ http://cvs.freebsd.uwaterloo.ca/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/[п п╟п╫п╟п╢п╣], http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/[п╞п©п╬п╫п╦п╦], http://cvsup.pt.FreeBSD.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/cvsweb.cgi/[п÷п╬я─я┌я┐пЁп╟п╩п╦п╦], п╡ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/[п║п╗п░/п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦я▐] п╦ п╡ http://www.FreeBSD.org.ua/cgi/cvsweb.cgi?cvsroot=freebsd[пёп╨я─п╟п╦п╫п╣].
+
+п÷я┐п╠п╩п╦я┤п╫п╬п╣ Subversion п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╬ src/ CVS я─п╣п©п╬п╥п╦я┌п╬я─п╦я▐ FreeBSD п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ svn://svn.clkao.org/freebsd/. п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╣п╫ http://svn.clkao.org/svnweb/freebsd/[web п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│]. п╜я┌п╬ п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘, п╨я┌п╬ я┘п╬я┌п╣п╩ п╠я▀ п©п╬п©я─п╬п╠п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ svk я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docproj/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/docproj/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bba67074d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docproj/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD
+
+== п·п╠п╥п╬я─
+
+п≤п╥я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ п╦ я│п╩п╬п╤п╫п╬п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╣п╧, п╡п╫п╣ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я┌ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╫п╟я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╧ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│. п▓ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╟я│п©п╣п╨я┌п╣ FreeBSD п╫п╦я┤п╣п╪ п╫п╣ п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬я┌ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪.
+
+п╔п╬я┌я▐ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╨п╫п╦пЁ п©п╬ BSD Unix (п╦ п╬п╠ UNIX(R) п╡п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣), FreeBSD п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ я│п╡п╬п╦ я┐п╫п╦п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п©я─п╦п╣п╪я▀ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╦ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ я┘п╦я┌я─п╬я│я┌п╦.
+
+п я─п╬п╪п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, FreeBSD п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╪ п╬п©я▀я┌п╬п╪ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ Unix-п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟п╪п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦я┘ п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧, п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦п╣ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧, п╟п╨п╨я┐я─п╟я┌п╫п╬ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п╣ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣.
+
+п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ The FreeBSD Documentation Project п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ я├п╣п╩я▄ п╥п╟п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©я─п╬п╠п╣п╩. п╜я┌п╬ п╬я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╡я┐п╪я▐ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╟п╪п╦:
+
+. пёя┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╦ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п©п╦я┬я┐я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌ п╣п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╬ _FreeBSD Documentation Set_.
+. пёя┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╦ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╟я▌я┌ п╦ я┐п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╬я┤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ п╦ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▌ _FreeBSD Documentation Set_.
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[width="100%",cols="100%",]
+|===
+a|
+[.center]
+=== link:current[п╒п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀]
+
+п▓ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ _п╫п╟ я█я┌п╟п©п╣ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦_ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡, я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄я▌ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐. п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╡я▀п╠п╣я─п╦я┌п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╡п╥пЁп╩я▐п╫я┐я┌я▄ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬я┌ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╦ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╦я┌я▄я│я▐, п╣я│я┌я▄ п╩п╦ п╡ п╫п╣п╪ я┤я┌п╬-п╩п╦п╠п╬, п╡ я┤п╣п╪ *п╡я▀* п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄.
+
+|===
+
+== link:who[п я┌п╬ п╪я▀ п╦ п╨п╟п╨ п╨ п╫п╟п╪ п©я─п╦я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╦я┌я▄я│я▐]
+
+п╜я┌п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌, п╨я┌п╬ п╬я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╦ п╨п╟п╨ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╨ п╫п╣п╪я┐ п©я─п╦я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╦я┌я▄я│я▐.
+
+== link:doc-set[The FreeBSD Documentation Set]
+
+п╜я┌п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ п п╬п╪п©п╩п╣п╨я┌п╟ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD, п╦ я┌п╬, п╨п╟п╨я┐я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ я│ п╫п╦п╪ п©я─п╬п╢п╣п╩я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.
+
+== link:sgml[SGML п╦ Documentation Project]
+
+п■п╩я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п©я▀я┌п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ SGML. п╜я┌п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌, п╨п╟п╨ я█я┌п╬ п╢п╬я│я┌п╦пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐, п╦ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╥п╟п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╬п╡п╟п╡я┬п╣пЁп╬я│я▐ я┤п╦я┌п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ п╨ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫я▀п╪ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╟п╪ SGML.
+
+== link:submitting[п÷п╬я│я▀п╩п╨п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦]
+
+п÷п╬я│я▀п╩п╨п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╦п╪ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╪ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ FreeBSD я│я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐. п╜я┌п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╦п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╧ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠ п©п╬я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦, п©я─п╦ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╬п╫п╟ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣п╫п╟ п╫п╟п╦п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╬.
+
+== link:translations[п÷п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢]
+
+п÷п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢я▀ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD, я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п╡п╣п╠, п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟, я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п║п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ п╦ FAQ.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docproj/current.adoc b/website/content/ru/docproj/current.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2e6d1e1bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docproj/current.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD: п╒п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD: п╒п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀
+
+п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢я▒п╫ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ (п╦п╩п╦ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╣ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-doc).
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╢я┐п╪п╟п╣я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╪ п╦п╥ я█я┌п╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡, п╫п╣ я│я┌п╣я│п╫я▐п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╥п╟я▐п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╬п╠ я█я┌п╬п╪. п÷п╬пЁп╬п╡п╬я─п╦я┌п╣ я│ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨п╬п╪, п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟я▌я┴п╦п╪ п╥п╟ п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫я▀п╧ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌, п╦ п╬п╫ п©п╬п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╡п╟п╪ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╣пЁп╬ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╦п╢п╣п╦ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ FreeBSD-doc@FreeBSD.org.
+
+* <<todo,TODO я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦>>
+* <<pr,п·я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟я┘ п╡ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦>>
+* <<handbook-index,пёп╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╣п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ п╡ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣>>
+* <<slides,п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╩п╟п╧п╢п╬п╡ п╦ п©я─п╣п╥п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩п╬п╡>>
+* <<freebsd4linux,FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ Linux>>
+* <<handbooksection,п²п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╬п╡ п╡ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣ п╦/п╦п╩п╦ FAQ>>
+* <<newpapers,п²п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡>>
+* <<cgiscripts,п║п╨я─п╦п©я┌я▀ CGI>>
+* <<multilingualwebscripts,п°п╫п╬пЁп╬п╫п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌я▀ п╢п╩я▐ Web-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟>>
+* <<translations,п÷п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢я▀ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD>>
+* <<search-enhancements,пёя│п╬п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╟>>
+
+[[todo]]
+== TODO я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦
+
+link:&enbase;/docproj/todo.html[TODO] я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ - я█я┌п╬ п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫п╬ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦п╧я│я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪ я│ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╣п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫я▀. п╜я┌п╬я┌ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╣п╤п╣п╪п╣я│я▐я┤п╫п╬ п╬я┌я│я▀п╩п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD-doc@FreeBSD.org. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п╫п╟п╪ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╦я┌я▄ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌ FreeBSD, я┌п╬ п╡ п©п╣я─п╡я┐я▌ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╡я▀п╠я─п╟я┌я▄ п©я┐п╫п╨я┌ п╦п╥ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟.
+
+[[pr]]
+== п·я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟я┘ п╡ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦
+
+п╒п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟я┘ п╡ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ п╠п╟п╥я▀ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ GNATS. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi?category=docs&responsible=[п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣я┌я▄] п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟я┘ п╡ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦.
+
+[[handbook-index]]
+== пёп╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╣п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ п╡ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣
+
+*п·я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧:* FreeBSD-doc < FreeBSD-doc@FreeBSD.org>
+
+*п·п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣:* п▓ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣ FreeBSD п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╬ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╬п╡ п╠п╣п╥ я┌п╣п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧, п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ я│ п╫п╣я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪п╦ п©п╣я─п╡п╦я┤п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╦п╩п╦ п╡я┌п╬я─п╦я┤п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╪п╦ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│п╟я├п╦п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌ п╡ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌ я│я┘п╣п╪я┐. п²п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я┌п╣п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐п╩п╦я│я▄ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╦ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ п╦п╩п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌я▐я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╟, пЁп╢п╣ п╦я┘ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╡ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╦ я│ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я▐п╣п╪я▀п╪п╦ п╫п╟п╪п╦ я┌п╟п╠п╩п╦я├п╟п╪п╦ я│я┌п╦п╩п╣п╧ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╟п╣я┌я│я▐. п╜я┌п╬ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╨ п©п╬я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ я│п╦п╪п╡п╬п╩п╬п╡ `???` п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╬ я─п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─п╬п╡ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п©я─п╦ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤п╣ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ п╫п╟ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌я▄.
+
+п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ я│ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪п╦ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ п╬п©я▀я┌п╟ п╦ п╡я│я▐п╨п╬п╪я┐, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╣п╪я┐ п╫п╟п╢ я█я┌п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╬п╧, п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┌я┴п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©я─п╬я┤п╣я│я┌я▄ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╧я│я▐ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ (пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤п╣ п╫п╟ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌я▄) п╬п╢п╫п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ я│ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╬п╧ Chicago Manual of Style п╦п╩п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╪, п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╪ я│я┌п╦п╩п╦я│я┌п╦п╨я┐ п╦, п╨я─п╬п╪п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я┤п╣пЁп╬, я┌п╣п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦. п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩ CVS п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ chapter.xml, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©я─п╬п╟п╫п╟п╩п╦п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©я─п╬я┬п╩я▀п╣ я┐п╤п╣ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│п╟я├п╦п╦. п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п╡п╫п╣я│п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╩я▌п╠я▀я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ п╡ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╨п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╣п╧ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╣ PostScript, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦, я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╨п╟п╨ п╢п╩п╦п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п╩п╬п╡п╟ п╦п╩п╦ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ я│ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╪ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣п╪ п╡п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╬я┌я─п╦я├п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я│п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я┐я▌ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤я┐ п╡ п╢п╡п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╬п╫п╨п╦, п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌я▄ п╡ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤п╣ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─п╬п╡ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ `???`.
+
+п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌ `doc/share/misc/indexreport.pl`, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╣п╧ SGML-я└п╟п╧п╩п╟, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦ <indexterm> п╡я│я┌я─п╣я┤п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я─п╣п╢п╨п╬.
+
+[[slides]]
+== п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╩п╟п╧п╢п╬п╡ п╦ п©я─п╣п╥п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩п╬п╡
+
+*п·я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧:* FreeBSD-doc <FreeBSD-doc@FreeBSD.org>, п°я▌я─я─п╣п╧ п║я┌п╬п╨п╣п╩п╦ <murray@FreeBSD.org>
+
+*п·п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣:* п  п╫п╟п╠п╬я─я┐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╣ `doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/slides` п╫п╣п╢п╟п╡п╫п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ п©я─п╣п╥п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦, я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╣ DocBook-slides DTD. п²п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫я▀ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╣п╥п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩я▀, п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╟ п╢п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ я┌п╟п╠п╩п╦я├ я│я┌п╦п╩п╣п╧ п╢п╩я▐ я└п╬я─п╪п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╫я┌п╣п╫я┌п╟ п╦п╥ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟п╪ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ XML-п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╡ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╪ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╣ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╩п╟п╧п╢п╬п╡ п©п╬ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╣ 'make'. п÷я─п╦п╪п╣я─ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╧ п©я─п╣п╥п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ я│ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╧ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я┐п╤п╣ п╠я▀п╩ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫, п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╟я┌я▄я│я▐! п я─п╬п╪п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┌п╟п╠п╩п╦я├я▀ я│я┌п╦п╩п╣п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤п╦ п╫п╟ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌я▄ п╦ п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╣ PDF (п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ XSLT-п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─я▀ п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ Java, п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ PassiveTeX п╢п╩я▐ я│п╩п╟п╧п╢п╬п╡ я│п╩п╦я┬п╨п╬п╪ п╬пЁя─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╣п╫я▀) п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫я▀, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ я┌п╟п╠п╩п╦я├я▀ я│я┌п╦п╩п╣п╧ DocBook Slides XSL-FO пЁп╣п╫п╣я─п╦я─я┐я▌я┌ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╩п╟п╧п╢п╬п╡ п╡п╣я│я▄п╪п╟ я│п©п╟я─я┌п╟п╫я│п╨п╬п╣ п╬я└п╬я─п╪п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣.
+
+[[[freebsd4linux]]
+== FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ Linux
+
+*п·я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧:* FreeBSD-doc <FreeBSD-doc@FreeBSD.org>
+
+*п·п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣:* п÷п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦, п©п╣я─п╣я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╣ п╬я┌ Linux п╨ FreeBSD, п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ я│я┌п╬п╩п╨п╫я┐я┌я▄я│я▐ я│ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪п╦ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟п╪п╦ (я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─я▀, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀п╣ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌, п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п©я─п╦ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╣ п╦ я┌.п╢.).
+
+[[handbooksection]]
+== п²п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╬п╡ п╡ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣ п╦/п╦п╩п╦ FAQ
+
+*п·я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧:* п²п╦п╨я┌п╬
+
+*п·п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣:* п╖п╟я│я┌п╦ FAQ п╦ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ п©я┐я│я┌я▀п╣ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я▀. п≤я┘ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╥п╟п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩п╦ п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╦п╥ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п╫п╟я┬п╩п╦ п╦я┘ п╫п╣п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╪п╦, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╫п╟п╧п╢п╦я┌п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ п╬п©я▀я┌п╟ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬п╧ п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫я▀.
+
+п я─п╬п╪п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩п╦ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╬ п╡ FAQ п╦п╩п╦ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣, п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╫п╟п©п╦я┬п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩. п≈п╟я┌п╣п╪ п©п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п╣пЁп╬ я┌п╟п╨, п╨п╟п╨ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╬ п╡я▀я┬п╣.
+
+[[newpapers]]
+== п²п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡
+
+=== п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ я┐я─п╬п╡п╣п╫я▄ SCSI п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD (CAM)
+
+*п·я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧:* <doc@FreeBSD.org>, <scsi@FreeBSD.org>
+
+*п·п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣:* п÷п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ п╡п╟я─п╦п╟п╫я┌ http://www.FreeBSD.org/~gibbs/[п░я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟ п╦ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п©п╬п╢я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ SCSI п╡п╬ FreeBSD].
+
+[[cgiscripts]]
+== п║п╨я─п╦п©я┌я▀ CGI
+
+*п·я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧:* <doc@FreeBSD.org>, Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.org>
+
+*п·п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣:* п≤п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ CGI я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬п╡ url.cgi, ports.cgi, pds.cgi п╦ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╟ portindex я│ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ Perl п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╣п╧ http://people.FreeBSD.org/~tom/portpm/[FreeBSD::Ports] modules. п╜я┌п╦ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╢п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦.
+
+[[multilingualwebscripts]]
+== п°п╫п╬пЁп╬п╫п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌я▀ п╢п╩я▐ Web-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟
+
+*п·я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧:* <doc@FreeBSD.org>
+
+*п·п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣:*
+
+п²п╟я┬п╦ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ Web-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫я▀ п╫п╟ (п╟п╪п╣я─п╦п╨п╟п╫я│п╨п╬п╪) п╟п╫пЁп╩п╦п╧я│п╨п╬п╪. п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ link:../translations[FreeBSD Translations Projects] п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢п╬п╪ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ Web-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟, п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п╦ FAQ п╫п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╦.
+
+п°я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌я▀ cgi, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ Web-я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├. п║п╨я─п╦п©я┌я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╬п╡, п╟ п╫п╣ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╬п╢п╦п╫. п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╬ п╫п╟ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╣ perl.
+
+* п·п╠я┼п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│я├п╣п╫п╟я─п╦п╣п╡ perl ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/www/en/ports/portindex[www/en/ports/portindex] п╦ ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/www/ja/ports/portindex[www/ja/ports/portindex] п╡ п╬п╢п╦п╫ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌. п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п╡п╬п╢п╟ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╟ п╫п╟ п╟п╫пЁп╩п╦п╧я│п╨п╬п╪ п╦п╩п╦ я▐п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╬п╪ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╟я┘.
+
+[[translations]]
+== п÷п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢я▀ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD
+
+*п·я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧:* <doc@FreeBSD.org>
+
+п÷п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD (Web-я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀, FAQ, п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬, я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟) п╫п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╦. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ link:../translations[п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟п╪ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢п╟ FreeBSD]
+
+[[search-enhancements]]
+== пёп╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╟
+
+*п·я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧:* Eric Anderson <anderson@centtech.com>
+
+п÷я─п╦ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╣ п©п╬ Web-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─я┐ п╡я▀п╡п╬п╢п╦п╪я▀п╧ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╦п╪я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣п╫, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, `FAQ34.html`.
+
+п▒я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┐п╢п╬п╠п╫п╬, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╟ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ п╦ п╥п╟п©я─п╟я┬п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╧ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩п╦я┌ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▌ я┐п╡п╦п╢п╣я┌я▄, п╫п╟я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╟ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╥п╟п©я─п╬я│я┐.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docproj/doc-set.adoc b/website/content/ru/docproj/doc-set.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7ccc8900e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docproj/doc-set.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD: п÷п╟п╨п╣я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= FreeBSD Documentation Project: Documentation Set
+
+п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ п©п╬ FreeBSD я─п╟п╥п╠п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я┌я─п╦ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦п╦:
+
+. http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi[*п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п║п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟*]
++
+п²п╟ я│п╟п╪п╬п╪ п╢п╣п╩п╣ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╫п╣ п©я─п╦п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╦п╪ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╣ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╬п╫п╦ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄я▌ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. п≤я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╞п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦я┘ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢п╬п╪. п²п╣я┌ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫, п©п╬ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╢п╬п╠я─п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄я├я▀ п╫п╣ п╪п╬пЁп╩п╦ п╠я▀ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌я▄ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п║п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ п╫п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╦.
++
+п²п╣п╩я▄п╥я▐ я│п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п║п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ п╫п╣ п╡п╟п╤п╫я▀, п╡п╬п╡я│п╣ п╫п╣я┌. п÷я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╦ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ я│п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬ я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫я▀ я│п╬ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪п╦ п©п╬п╢я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟п╪п╦ FreeBSD, п╦ п╡ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╣ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣п╡ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п║п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ п©п╬ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ я┤п╟я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ я┌п╬я┌, п╨я┌п╬ я█я┌я┐ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡я▀п╡п╟п╩.
+. link:../../docs/books[*п п╫п╦пЁп╦*]
++
+п▓ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦, п╢п╬я│я┌п╦пЁя┬п╣п╧ "п╨п╫п╦п╤п╫п╬п╧ п╢п╩п╦п╫я▀", п╦п╩п╦ я│я┌я─п╣п╪я▐я┴п╣п╧я│я▐ п╨ п╫п╣п╧. п║я▌п╢п╟ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫я▀ FreeBSD FAQ п╦ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD.
+. link:../../docs/books#articles[*п║я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦*]
++
+п▓ FreeBSD п╣я│я┌я▄ п╪п╟я│я│п╟ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦, п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬п╧ п╡ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╨п╬я─п╬я┌п╨п╬п╪ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╣ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦, п╟п╫п╟п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╫п╬ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨п╟п╪ п╦п╩п╦ HOWTO п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡.
+
+link:..[FreeBSD Documentation Project Home]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docproj/handbook.adoc b/website/content/ru/docproj/handbook.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4bd7bca7c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docproj/handbook.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD: п╒п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD: п╒п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀
+
+== п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD, 2-п╣ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣
+
+п╜я┌п╬я┌ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╥п╟п╡п╣я─я┬я▒п╫. п╒п╣п©п╣я─я▄ 2-п╣ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ FreeBSD п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п©я─п╦п╬п╠я─п╣я│я┌п╦ п╡ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ http://www.freebsdmall.com[The FreeBSD Mall]. п▓ п╬п╨п╬п╫я┤п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ п╡п╟я─п╦п╟п╫я┌п╣ 653 я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀, п╣пЁп╬ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─ ISBN - 1571763031. п÷я─п╦п╫п╬я│п╦п╪ п╠п╩п╟пЁп╬п╢п╟я─п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣п╪ п©я─п╦п╫я▐п╡я┬п╦п╪ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣. п÷п╬п╩п╫я▀п╧ п╟п╫п╬п╫я│ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п©я─п╬я┤п╣я│я┌я▄ http://docs.FreeBSD.org/cgi/getmsg.cgi?fetch=0+0+archive/2001/freebsd-announce/20011028.freebsd-announce[п╥п╢п╣я│я▄].
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╡я▀ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╦я┌п╣ п╬п©п╣я┤п╟я┌п╨я┐, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п©я─п╦я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ send-pr(1) п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╣п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ -doc. п║п©п╟я│п╦п╠п╬!
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п≈п╟п╢п╟я┤п╟ |п·я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ |п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╣п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ |п║п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣
+|п²п╟п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ Wind River |Murray |17 п╪п╟я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ п╬п╠ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─ п╠п╣п╥ п╪п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─п╟ |Val |11 п╪п╟я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ п╬п╠ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ XDM |Seth |23 п╪п╟я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ 4.3 п╬п╠ "п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧". |Chern |15 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п≤я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫я└я─п╟я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─я┐ пЁп╣п╫п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│п╬п╡ п╡ doc.docbook.mk |Nik |19 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ п╬п╠ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ XFree86 4.x |Chris Shumway |11 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ п╬п╠ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ KDE, Gnome п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣. |Val |п≤я▌п╫я▄ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ п╬п╠ amd |Wylie, Val |11 п╪п╟я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ п╬ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╦ я┌п╬п╫п╨п╬п╧ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╣ FreeBSD |Chern, Murray |10 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п≈п╟п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌я▄ ASCII-п╨п╟я─я┌п╦п╫п╨я┐ п╫п╟ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я├п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ я─п╦я│я┐п╫п╨п╦ (17.2.2, 17.6.3 п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣) |Chern |11 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│я▀ п╡ п⌠п╩п╟п╡я▀ 1-2 |Murray |24 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│я▀ п╡ п⌠п╩п╟п╡я▀ 3-4 |Val |11 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│я▀ п╡ п⌠п╩п╟п╡я▀ 5-6 |Val |11 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│я▀ п╡ п⌠п╩п╟п╡я▀ 7-8 |Val |19 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│я▀ п╡ п⌠п╩п╟п╡я▀ 9-10 |Murray |24 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│я▀ п╡ п⌠п╩п╟п╡я▀ 11-12 |Murray |30 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│я▀ п╡ п⌠п╩п╟п╡я┐ 13 |Val |11 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│я▀ п╡ п⌠п╩п╟п╡я▀ 14-15 |Murray |30 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│я▀ п╡ п⌠п╩п╟п╡я▀ 21-22 |Val |20 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п≤я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©п╣я─п╣п╨я─я▒я│я┌п╫я▀п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п╫п╦ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣ п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢п╣п╩п╦ п╫п╟ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌п╦. |Murray |20 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╟п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╧ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╧ PGP п╦п╥ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌п╦ |Murray |11 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п═п╣я┬п╦я┌я▄ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ я│ п©я─п╟п╡п╬п╬п╠п╩п╟п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ |Nik, Murray, Foundation |18 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п÷п╬п╪п╣я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬п╠ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╟я┘ п╡ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┌п╨я┐ |Murray, Chern |18 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п║я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ я┌п╣я─п╪п╦п╫п╬п╡ |Murray, Chern |20 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|пёп╢п╬я│я┌п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┌п╨п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╦п╪я▒п╫ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡, п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢, п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╦п╪я▒п╫ я┘п╬я│я┌п╬п╡ п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣ |Murray, Chern |20 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐
+|п²п╟п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌ collateattributions.pl п╢п╩я▐ пЁп╣п╫п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╬п╠ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╟я┘. |Chern |8 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п≤я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│я▀, п╡я▀п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╨п╟п╨ ??? |Chern |6 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п÷п╣я─п╣п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╬п╠я┼я▒п╪ пЁп╩п╟п╡я▀ X11 п╦ п╦п╥п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╬я┌ п╬я─п╦пЁп╦п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╟ п⌠я─п╣пЁп╟ п⌡п╦я█я▐. |Murray, Nik, Chris Shumway, Others |20 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ пЁп╩п╟п╡я┐ п╬ PPP/SLIP |Brian Somers |18 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ пЁп╩п╟п╡я┐ п╬ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪я┐п╫п╦п╨п╟я├п╦я▐я┘ |Murray |18 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п≤п╥п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╬я┌ п÷я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ F |Murray |13 п╦я▌п╩я▐ |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п÷п╣я─п╣п╫п╣я│я┌п╦ пЁп╩п╟п╡я▀, п╫п╣ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│я▐я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╨ п╢п╣п╩я┐, п╡ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ |Murray |19 п╦я▌п╩я▐ |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|пёп╩я┐я┤я┬п╦я┌я▄ п╡я▀п╡п╬п╢ п╫п╟ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌я▄ п╥п╟пЁп╬п╩п╬п╡п╨п╬п╡ пЁп╩п╟п╡ п╡ я┌п╟п╠п╩п╦я├п╟я┘ я│я┌п╦п╩п╣п╧. |Murray |19 п╦я▌п╩я▐ |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п²п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ Perforce п╡ WRS п╢п╩я▐ п╥п╟п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я└п╟п╥я▀ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ |Murray |11 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©я─п╬я│я┌я▀п╣ п╦п╩п╩я▌я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п╡ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╣ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬п╧ я┤п╟я│я┌п╦. |Michelle / WRS Art |18 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©п╦п╨я┌п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╫п╬я│п╬п╨ я┌п╦п©п╟ п≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣, п÷я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╣я─п╣п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣, п÷я─п╣п╢я┐п©я─п╣п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣, п║п╬п╡п╣я┌. |Michelle / WRS Art |23 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐
+|п■п╦п╥п╟п╧п╫ п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╦. |Michelle / WRS Art |23 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п÷п╣я─п╣п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ пЁп╩п╟п╡я┐ п╬п╠ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ я│п╬ я│п╫п╦п╪п╨п╟п╪п╦ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ sysinstall п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣ п╦п╥ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п═я█п╫п╢п╦ п÷я─п╟я┌я┌п╟ (Randy Pratt). |Randy Pratt, Murray, Nik |18 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌ п╡ п╡п╡п╬п╢п╫я┐я▌ пЁп╩п╟п╡я┐. |rope jkh into it |20 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2001 |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|п÷п╣я─п╣п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я▀ "п╨я─п╟я┌п╨п╦п╧ п╬п╠п╥п╬я─" п╡ 'я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌' (я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦ пЁп╩п╟п╡я┐ п╬ п╥п╡я┐п╨п╣ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╟). |Murray, Nik, Chern, Val |18 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ п╬ я─п╣п╥п╣я─п╡п╫п╬п╪ п╨п╬п©п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ | |20 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦я▌ |Val |7 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п▓п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢ п╨ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╦ | |7 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|п²п╟п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ |Murray |23 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|пёп╩я┐я┤я┬п╦я┌я▄ п╡п╦п╢ я┌п╦я┌я┐п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я█п╩п╣п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦ |Murray |2 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|*п÷я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄ п╨п╫п╦пЁя┐ п╫п╟ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦п╣ пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨.* |Jim, Chern, John Murphy, Everyone! |5 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐
+|п≈п╟п╨п╬п╫я┤п╦я┌я▄ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│п╩п╬п╡п╟я─я▐ п╢п╩я▐ DocBook Speller п╦ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄ п╣п╤п╣п╡п╣я┤п╣я─п╫п╣п╣ п╥п╟п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨п╦ п©я─п╟п╡п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬. |Chern |6 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ п╬п╠ inetd п╡ пЁп╩п╟п╡я┐ п╬ я│п╩п╬п╤п╫я▀я┘ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟я┘ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╡ я│п╣я┌п╦. |Chern |8 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п÷я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│ п╥п╟пЁп╩п╟п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╠я┐п╨п╡ я│п╩п╬п╡ п╡ п╫п╟п╥п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐я┘ п╡я│п╣я┘ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╬п╡ |Chern |13 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|пёп╢п╟п╩п╦я┌я▄ я┐я│я┌п╟я─п╣п╡я┬п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я▀ я│ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟п╪п╦ п╦ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌п╟п╪п╦ п╡ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я└п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╟. | |7 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|п²п╟п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣. |Murray |23 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п²п╟п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╣п╢п╦я│п╩п╬п╡п╦п╣. |Jordan |23 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐
+|п═п╣я┬п╦я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я│ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╬п╧ "п÷я─п╦п╫я▐я┌п╦п╣ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╢ FreeBSD". |Murray, Nik |23 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦я▌ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╪п╦ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪ п╦ я┌п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╪. | |23 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│п╫я▀п╣ п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦ п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╧ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╣. п═п╣п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│п╫я▀п╣ п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦. | |23 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001 |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ я│п╣я┌п╦ п╨ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╣ п╬п╠ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣. |Probably Nik | |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|п▓я▀п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╡я│я▒ п╫п╟ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌я▄. |Murray |10 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2001 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|===
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docproj/handbook3.adoc b/website/content/ru/docproj/handbook3.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f48522f8ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docproj/handbook3.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD: 3-п╣ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD: 3-п╣ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟
+
+== п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD, 3-п╣ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣
+
+3-п╣ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ FreeBSD п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╬ п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ п╢п╡я┐я┘ я┌п╬п╪п╬п╡, п╨п╟п╤п╢я▀п╧ п╦п╥ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п╬п╠я┼я▒п╪ п╫п╣ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╣ 400 я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├. п╒п╬п╪ I (п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐) п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴п╣п╫п╬ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╪, п╟ п╒п╬п╪ II (п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─п╟) п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴п╣п╫п╬ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫п╬п╪я┐ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╦ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я│п╩п╬п╤п╫я▀п╪ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟п╪.
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ я┘п╬я┤п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п©п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ -doc. п║п©п╟я│п╦п╠п╬!
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п≈п╟п╢п╟я┤п╟ |п·я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ |п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╣п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ |Status
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╟я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌я▀ я┌п╦п©п╟ п╡ URL, я┐п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╫п╟ п╩п╬п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ я┘п╬я│я┌, п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п╫п╦ п╪п╬пЁп╩п╦ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫я▀ п©я─п╦ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤п╣ п╫п╟ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌я▄. |&a.murray; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┌п╨я┐ <colspecs> п╡ я┌п╟п╠п╩п╦я├я▀ п©я─п╦ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤п╦ п╫п╟ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌я▄. |&a.murray; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐
+|пёп╢п╟п╩п╦я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣ п╟п╩я└п╟п╡п╦я┌п╫п╬-я├п╦я└я─п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╨п╟я─я┌п╦п╫п╨п╦ |&a.murray; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ пЁп╩п╟п╡я┐ я│ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ GNOME |&a.marcus; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п≤я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©п╣я─п╣п╨я─я▒я│я┌п╫я▀п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤п╦ п╫п╟ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌я▄. |&a.murray; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐
+|п║я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ я┌п╣я─п╪п╦п╫п╬п╡ |&a.trhodes; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐
+|п·п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦я┌я▄ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┌п╨я┐ п╢п╩я▐ п╦п╪я▒п╫ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡, п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢, п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╦п╪я▒п╫ я┘п╬я│я┌п╬п╡ п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣ |&a.blackend; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐
+|п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╟п╪п╦, п╡п╫я▒я│я┬п╦п╪п╦ я│п╡п╬п╧ п╡п╨п╩п╟п╢. |&a.chern; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ пЁп╩п╟п╡я┐ п╬ PPP/SLIP |&a.trhodes; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п·я┌п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ п╬п╠ IPSec |&a.hmp;, &a.chern; |26 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©я─п╬я│я┌я▀п╣ п╦п╩п╩я▌я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п╨ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я┐ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬п╧ я┤п╟я│я┌п╦. | |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©п╦п╨я┌п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╫п╬я│п╬п╨ я┌п╦п©п╟ п≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣, п÷я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╣я─п╣п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣, п÷я─п╣п╢я┐п©я─п╣п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п║п╬п╡п╣я┌. |&a.hrs; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐
+|п■п╦п╥п╟п╧п╫ п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╦. | |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╪п╬п╣ п╡п╡п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ пЁп╩п╟п╡я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐п╪п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ 5.0. | |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|пёп╩я┐я┤я┬п╦я┌я▄ п╡п╦п╢ я┌п╦я┌я┐п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я█п╩п╣п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ |&a.murray; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|*п÷п╬п╦я│п╨ п╡ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╣ пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨.* |п▓я│п╣! |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐
+|п²п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨п╦ п╬я─я└п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟. п╖п╣я─п╫ (Chern) п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╩ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬п╡ Tcl п╦ п╬п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╬п╡п╟п╩ п╦я┘ п╡ doc@ п╡п╬ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟п╢ п╡я┌п╬я─я▀п╪ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪. п╜я┌п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡п╫п╬п╧ я┌п╬я┤п╨п╬п╧. | |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|пёп╢п╬я│я┌п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ я┌п╬п╪, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╥п╟пЁп╬п╩п╬п╡п╨п╟я┘ я│п╬п╠п╩я▌п╢я▒п╫ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─ |&a.ceri; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|пёп╢п╟п╩п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╫я┐п╤п╫я▀п╣ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я▀ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╬п╡ п╦ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌п╬п╡ п╡ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я└п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╟. (я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ п╬п╨п╬п╫я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣ пЁп╩п╟п╡я▀ п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟я┘/п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╟я┘) |&a.trhodes; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬п╠ ACPI. |&a.trhodes; п╦ &a.njl; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ Kerberos5 п╦ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ Kerberos4. |&a.trhodes; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╡п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣. |&a.murray; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐
+|п²п╟п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п÷я─п╣п╢п╦я│п╩п╬п╡п╦п╣. | |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦я▌ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╪п╦ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╦ я┌п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╪. | |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|п═п╟я│я│я┌п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│п╬п╡ п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╧ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╣. п═п╣п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│я▀. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ "make indexcheck" п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ п╡ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╣ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╣п╧ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦, пЁп╢п╣ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╣я┌п╬п╨ п╫п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬. | |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|п²п╟п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡ пЁп╩п╟п╡я┐ п╬ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪я┐п╫п╦п╨п╟я├п╦я▐я┘ (п╬я┌п╪п╣я┌я▄я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦п╣ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я─п╦я▐ "XXX - Write me!"). п■п╩я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫я▒п╫ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╧я│я▐ п╬п╠я┴п╦п╧ п╬п╠п╥п╬я─. | |19 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|п╒я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╟ п╬ п╪п╦п╫п╦-п╨п╟я─я┌я─п╦п╢п╤п╟я┘ п╡ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╣ п╬ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟я┘. | |22 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ я│п╣я┌п╦ п╡ пЁп╩п╟п╡я┐ п╬п╠ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣. |&a.trhodes; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я┐я▌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬п╠ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌п╣ cron(8). |&a.trhodes; |18 п╪п╟я▐ 2003 |п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬
+|п▓я▀п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╡я│я▒ п╫п╟ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌я▄. |&a.murray; | |п²п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌п╬
+|===
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docproj/sgml.adoc b/website/content/ru/docproj/sgml.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..409772aaf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docproj/sgml.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD: SGML"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD: SGML
+
+The Documentation Project п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌ SGML п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦.
+
+п║п╬п╨я─п╟я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ SGML п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌ **S**tandard **G**eneralized **M**arkup **L**anguage (п║я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀п╧ п╓п╬я─п╪п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╞п╥я▀п╨ п═п╟п╥п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦).
+
+п÷п╬ я│я┐я┌п╦ (п╦ п╢п╟ п©я─п╬я│я┌я▐я┌ п╫п╟я│ SGML-п©я┐я─п╦я│я┌я▀, п©я─п╦я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я│я─п╣п╢п╦ п╟я┐п╢п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╦, п╨ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╪я▀ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟п╣п╪я│я▐) SGML я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╬п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╬п╡.
+
+п║п╨п╬я─п╣п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬, п╡я▀ я┐п╤п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╩п╦ я│ SGML, п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╬п╥я─п╣п╡п╟я▐ п╬п╠ я█я┌п╬п╪. HTML, я▐п╥я▀п╨, п╫п╟ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п©п╦я┬я┐я┌я│я▐ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ web, п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ я└п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣. п╜я┌п╬ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╬ п╫п╟ SGML. п п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╡я▀ п©п╦я┬п╣я┌п╣ п╡ HTML, п╡я▀ *п╫п╣* п©п╦я┬п╣я┌п╣ п╫п╟ SGML (per se), п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌п╣ я▐п╥я▀п╨, п╥п╟п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ SGML.
+
+п║я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬, п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╬п╡ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╥п╟п╢п╟п╫я▀ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ SGML. HTML - п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╦п╥ п╫п╦я┘. п■я─я┐пЁп╬п╧ п╫п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ "DocBook". п╜я┌п╬я┌ я▐п╥я▀п╨ п╠я▀п╩ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╫ я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦, п╦ п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╡ п╫п╣п╪ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ я┌п╣пЁп╬п╡ (п╪п╟я─п╨п╣я─я▀ п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ `<я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╪п╬п╣ я┌п╣пЁп╬п╡>`) п╢п╩я▐ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ я│ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪. п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩ п╣пЁп╬ п╦ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╦п╩ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я█п╩п╣п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╣пЁп╬ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╪.
+
+п²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╡п╬я┌ я┌п╟п╨ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢п╣я┌я▄ п╨п╬я─п╬я┌п╨п╦п╧ п©п╟я─п╟пЁя─п╟я└ п╡ HTML (п╫п╣ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╪п╬п╣, я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╟ я┌п╣пЁп╦):
+
+....
+    <p>п÷п╟я─п╬п╩п╦ я┘я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я│я▐ п╡ <tt>/etc/passwd</tt>.  п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬я┌я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬я┌
+      я└п╟п╧п╩, п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ <b><tt>vipw</tt></b>.  п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪
+      п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣
+      п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌п╬п╧ <b><tt>adduser</tt></b>.</p>
+....
+
+п╒п╬я┌ п╤п╣ п©п╟я─п╟пЁя─п╟я└, п╬я└п╬я─п╪п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╡ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╣ DocBook, п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢п╦я┌ п╨п╟п╨
+
+....
+    <para>п÷п╟я─п╬п╩п╦ я┘я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я│я▐ п╡ <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>.  п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀
+      п╬я┌я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬я┌ я└п╟п╧п╩, п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄
+      <command>vipw</command>.  п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╡
+      я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌п╬п╧
+      <command>adduser</command>.</para>
+....
+
+п п╟п╨ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╡п╦п╢п╣я┌я▄, DocBook п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ 'п╡я▀я─п╟п╥п╦я┌п╣п╩п╣п╫', я┤п╣п╪ HTML. п▓ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╣ я│ HTML п╥п╟п╢п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡я▀п╡п╬п╢ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ я┬я─п╦я└я┌п╬п╪ 'п©п╦я┬я┐я┴п╣п╧ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╨п╦'. п▓ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╣ я│ DocBook п╡я▀п╡п╬п╢ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ п╥п╟п╢п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╨п╟п╨ 'п╦п╪я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟', п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫п╬п╣ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ п╫п╣ п╬пЁп╬п╡п╟я─п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐.
+
+п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п©п╩я▌я│п╬п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╡я▀я─п╟п╥п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я└п╬я─п╪я▀ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦:
+
+* п▓ п╫п╣п╧ п╫п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥п╫п╬я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦п╩п╦ п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡п╬я─п╣я┤п╦п╧.
++
+п▓п╟п╪ п╫п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я┌п╣я─я▐я┌я▄ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐, п╬п╠п╢я┐п╪я▀п╡п╟я▐ "п╔п╪, п╪п╫п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╡я▀п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟п╥п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟, п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╩п╦ я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ 'tt', 'b', п╦п╩п╦, п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌, 'em'?"
++
+п▓п╪п╣я│я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╡я▀ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫я▀п╧ я┌п╣пЁ п╡ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬п╪ п╪п╣я│я┌п╣.
++
+п÷я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─п╟ п©я─п╣п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╥ DocBook п╡ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌я▀ (HTML, Postscript(R), п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣) п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╥п╟ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╡я│п╣ я█п╩п╣п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ <filename> п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢п╣п╩п╦ п╬п╢п╦п╫п╟п╨п╬п╡п╬.
+* п▓я▀ п©п╣я─п╣я│я┌п╟я▒я┌п╣ п╢я┐п╪п╟я┌я▄ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, п╨п╟п╨ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢п╣я┌я▄ п╡п╟я┬ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌, п╦ я│п╬я│я─п╣п╢п╬я┌п╟я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌п╣я│я▄ п╫п╟ п╣пЁп╬ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╪п╬п╪.
+* п╒п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╣ п©я─п╦п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╟ п╫п╦ п╨ п╨п╟п╨п╬п╪я┐ п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫п╬п╪я┐ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢п╫п╬п╪я┐ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌я┐, я┌п╟ п╤п╣ я│п╟п╪п╟я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╡п╬ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦я┘ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╟я┘-п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌, HTML, PostScript, RTF, PDF п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣.
+* п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я│я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ 'я┐п╪п╫п╬п╧', п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ я│ п╫п╣п╧ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫я▀ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╦п╫я┌п╣п╩п╩п╣п╨я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╦. п²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫я▀п╪ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ пЁп╣п╫п╣я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫я▀ п╡я│п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀, я┐п©п╬п╪я▐п╫я┐я┌я▀п╣ п╡ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╣.
+
+п·п╫п╦ п©п╬я┘п╬п╤п╦ п╫п╟ я┌п╟п╠п╩п╦я├я▀ я│я┌п╦п╩п╣п╧ Microsoft(R) Word, я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ пЁп╬я─п╟п╥п╢п╬ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╪п╬я┴п╫я▀п╣.
+
+п п╬п╫п╣я┤п╫п╬ п╤п╣, я█я┌п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╢п╬я│я┌п╦пЁп╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ я├п╣п╫п╬п╧;
+
+* п╒п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ я┌п╣пЁп╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄, пЁп╬я─п╟п╥п╢п╬ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣, я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦ п╫п╟ п╦я┘ п╦п╥я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦я┘ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬.
++
+п╔п╬я─п╬я┬п╦п╧ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠ п╬п╠я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ SGML п╦ DocBook я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥я├п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╦ я│я─п╟п╡п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨ я─п╟п╥п╫я▀п╣ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─я▀ п╬я└п╬я─п╪п╩я▐я▌я┌ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌.
+* п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ п©я─п╣п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╣ я┌п╟п╨ я┐п╤ п©я─п╬я│я┌.
+
+== п╖я┌п╬, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╣я┌п╣ DocBook? п°п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╪ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌?
+
+п■п╟, п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣. п·п╢п╫п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╫п╬. п⌡я▌п╠п╟я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣, я┤п╣п╪ п╣п╣ п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╣. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я┐я▌ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╪ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄, п╦ п╬п╫п╟ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┤п╣п╫п╟ п╫п╣ п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╣ DocBook, п╫п╦я┤п╣пЁп╬ я│я┌я─п╟я┬п╫п╬пЁп╬.
+
+link:../submitting/[п÷п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣] п╫п╟п╪ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫я▀п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪. п я┌п╬-п╫п╦п╠я┐п╢я▄ п╦п╥ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ я─п╟я│я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я┐я▌ п╡я▀ п©п╬я│п╩п╟п╩п╦, я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┌п╦я┌ п╣п╣ п╥п╟ п╡п╟я│ п╦ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐. п║ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─п╬я▐я┌п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╫п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡я▀я│п╩п╟п╫ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌. п╜я┌п╬ п╡п╣я│я▄п╪п╟ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫п╬, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╡я▀ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я│я─п╟п╡п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌ "п╢п╬ п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣", я┌.п╣. п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫я▀п╧ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌ п╦ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧, п╦, п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄, я┐п╥п╫п╟п╣я┌п╣ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╣ п╬ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╣ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦.
+
+п п╟п╨ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╬, я█я┌п╬ п╥п╟п╪п╣п╢п╩я▐п╣я┌ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╡п╟п╪п╦ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©я─п╣п╢п╡п╟я─п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┤п╣п╫. п╜я┌п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╥п╟п╫я▐я┌я▄ п╬я┌ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╦я┘ я┤п╟я│п╬п╡ п╢п╬ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╦я┘ п╢п╫п╣п╧, п╫п╬ п╬п╫п╟ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╟.
+
+== п╔п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╬ SGML п╦ DocBook?
+
+п■п╩я▐ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ п©я─п╬я┤я┌п╦я┌п╣ link:{fdp-primer}[*Documentation Project Primer*]. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫я▀п╪ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD. п╜я┌п╬ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌, я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╦я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╟я┌я─п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╣пЁп╬ п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ link:{fdp-primer}#book[*п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀*].
+
+http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/sgml-xml.html[*http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/sgml-xml.html*]::
+п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ SGML/XML. п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╠п╣я│я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ я│я│я▀п╩п╬п╨ п╫п╟ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ SGML.
+http://www-sul.stanford.edu/tools/tutorials/html2.0/gentle.html[*http://www-sul.stanford.edu/tools/tutorials/html2.0/gentle.html*]::
+"Gentle Introduction to SGML". п═п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣п╪п╬п╣ я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘, п╨я┌п╬ я┘п╬я┤п╣я┌ п╦п╥я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ SGML п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬ я│ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫я▐ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▌я┴п╣пЁп╬.
+http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/[*http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/*]::
+DocBook DTD п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ OASIS. п╜я┌п╦ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я┤я┐п╡я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌ я│п╣п╠я▐ я┐п╡п╣я─п╣п╫п╫п╬ я│ SGML п╦ я┘п╬я┌я▐я┌ п╦п╥я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ DocBook.
+
+link:..[FreeBSD Documentation Project Home]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docproj/submitting.adoc b/website/content/ru/docproj/submitting.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..abf3ad0b08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docproj/submitting.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD: п÷п╬я│я▀п╩п╨п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD: п÷п╬я│я▀п╩п╨п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦
+
+== п╞ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╩ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦. п п╟п╨ п╡п╟п╪ п╣я▒ п©п╬я│п╩п╟я┌я▄?
+
+п▓п╬-п©п╣я─п╡я▀я┘, я│п©п╟я│п╦п╠п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п╫п╟я┬п╩п╦ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╦ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬.
+
+п▓я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╟я┬я┐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╣п╢п╡п╟я─п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╟. п∙я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬, п©п╬п╪п╣я│я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╣я▒ п╫п╟ FTP п╦п╩п╦ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─.
+
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ -doc я│ п╨я─п╟я┌п╨п╦п╪ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╬п╧ п╫п╟ п╣я▒ п╪п╣я│я┌п╬п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©я─п╬я│я▄п╠п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╣п╩п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╬я┌п╥я▀п╡п╟п╪п╦.
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п©п╬ п╨п╟п╨п╦п╪-я┌п╬ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫п╟п╪ п╡я▀ п╫п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬п╪п╣я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌ п╫п╟ п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧-п╩п╦п╠п╬ FTP п╦п╩п╦ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─, я┌п╬ п©п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п╣я▒ п╫п╣п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ -doc. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟п╣я┌п╣я│я▄ п©п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ я┌п╟п╨, я┌п╬ п©я─п╦я│я▀п╩п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╣ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╟.
+
+п║п╨п╬я─п╣п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬, п╡я▀ п╣я┴я▒ п©п╬п╫п╟п╢п╬п╠п╦я┌я│я▐ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ cc: я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╥п╟п©я─п╬я│п╟ п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я─п╦п╦ п╡ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╣ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦. п²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, я┤я┌п╬-п╩п╦п╠п╬, п╬я┌п╫п╬я│я▐я┴п╣п╣я│я▐ п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ CVSup п╢п╩я▐ я│п╦п╫я┘я─п╬п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡, п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╫п╬ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ `FreeBSD-current` п╦ `FreeBSD-stable`.
+
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨ п╩я▌п╢п╦ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣п╩п╦ п╫п╟ п╡п╟я┬я┐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌, п╦ п╡я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦п╩п╦ я┬п╟п╫я│ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╡ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╩я▌п╠я▀п╣ п╦п╥ п╦я┘ п©п╬п╤п╣п╩п╟п╫п╦п╧, п╡я▀ я┐п╤п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬я│я▀п╩п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌я┐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌.
+
+п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬, п╥п╟п╟я─я┘п╦п╡п╦я─я┐п╧я┌п╣ п╣я▒ п╡ п╬п╢п╦п╫ tar-я└п╟п╧п╩. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟я┬п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ я│п╬я│я┌п╬п╦я┌ п╦п╥ я┌я─п╣я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡, `one`, `two` п╦ `three`, п╟ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╦я┘ п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ `doc.tar`, я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╧я┌п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣:
+
+....
+% tar cf doc.tar one two three
+....
+
+п≈п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣ я│п╤п╟я┌п╦п╣ tar-я└п╟п╧п╩п╟:
+
+....
+% gzip -9 doc.tar
+....
+
+п╡ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╣ я┤п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬я▐п╡п╦я┌я│я▐ `doc.tar.gz`.
+
+п≤, п╫п╟п╨п╬п╫п╣я├, п©п╣я─п╣п╨п╬п╢п╦я─я┐п╧я┌п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩ п╡ п╡п╦п╢, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟я┤п╦ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ п╩я▌п╠я┐я▌ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я┐ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌я▀.
+
+....
+% uuencode doc.tar.gz doc.tar.gz > doc.uue
+....
+
+п╒п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╢п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п╫я▒п╪ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╣ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐. п÷я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╪ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ *send-pr*, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╣.
+
+п▓я▀ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌п╣ я█я┌п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╡п╟я┬п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╪п╬пЁп╩п╬ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╣п╫п╬. п п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╡я▀ п╬я└п╬я─п╪п╩я▐п╣я┌п╣ PR (Problem Report - я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╣), п╣п╪я┐ п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я┐п╫п╦п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─. п·п╢п╦п╫ п╦п╥ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ PR я│п╣п╠п╣, п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ я│ п╡п╟п╪п╦ я│п╡я▐п╥я▄ п©п╬ п©п╬п╡п╬п╢я┐ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐.
+
+*send-pr* я│п╟п╪п╟ п©п╬ я│п╣п╠п╣ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╟. п▓я│п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╟ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌ - я█я┌п╬ п©п╬я│я▀п╩п╨п╟ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌я▀, п╬я└п╬я─п╪п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╬я│п╬п╠я▀п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪, п╫п╟ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╟п╢я─п╣я│. п п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╡я▀ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟п╣я┌п╣ *send-pr*, п╡я▀ п╬п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌п╣я│я▄ п╡ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡п╬п╪ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╬я─п╣ (п╡п╣я─п╬я▐я┌п╫п╣п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬, *vi* п╦п╩п╦ *emacs*) я│ п╠п╩п╟п╫п╨п╬п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╥п╟п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪п╦ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦я▐п╪п╦ п©п╬ п╥п╟п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌.
+
+пёп╢п╬я│я┌п╬п╡п╣я─я▄я┌п╣я│я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п©я┐п╫п╨я┌ "Category" я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫ п╡ "docs", п╟ п╡ я│я┌я─п╬я┤п╨п╣ "Class" я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╦я─я┐п╣я┌ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╩п╦я┬я▄ "change-request". п▓я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╡ я█я┌п╬ PR я─п╟п╫п╣п╣ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩ `.uue`.
+
+п п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╡я▀ п╥п╟п╡п╣я─я┬п╦я┌п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ я│ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╬я─п╬п╪, PR п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©п╬я│п╩п╟п╫п╬ п©п╬ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌п╣ я┌я┐п╢п╟, п╨я┐п╢п╟ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬. п▓я│п╨п╬я─п╣ п╡я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╢я┌п╡п╣я─п╤п╢п╟я▌я┴п╣п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╡п╨я─п╟я┌я├п╣ пЁп╬п╡п╬я─я▐я┴п╣п╣, п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─ п╠я▀п╩ п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫ PR, п╦ я█я┌п╬я┌ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╢п╩я▐ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╣пЁп╬ я│я┐п╢я▄п╠я▀.
+
+== п╞ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦, п╨п╟п╨ п╡п╟п╪ п╦я┘ п©п╬я│п╩п╟я┌я▄?
+
+п°я▀ я│п╫п╬п╡п╟ п╠п╩п╟пЁп╬п╢п╟я─п╦п╪ п╡п╟я│ п╥п╟ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п©п╬я┌я─п╟я┌п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐.
+
+п÷я─п╣п╤п╢п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│пЁп╣п╫п╣я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╬я│п╬п╠я▀п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩, п╫п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╧ _diff_. п▓ я█я┌п╬п╪ diff-я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌я│я▐ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡я▀ п╡п╫п╣я│п╩п╦. п╜я┌п╬ п╬п╠п╩п╣пЁя┤п╟п╣я┌ п©п╣я─я│п╬п╫п╣, п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╡п╫п╣я│п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐, п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─ п╡п╟я┬п╦я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╣п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я┌я─п╟я┌я▀ п╪п╟я│я│я▀ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦ п╫п╟ п╬п╠я┼я▐я│п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, я┤я┌п╬ п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╬ (я┘п╬я┌я▐ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌п╣ п╬п╠я┼я▐я│п╫п╦я┌я▄, п©п╬я┤п╣п╪я┐ я█я┌п╦ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╟п╨ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪я▀).
+
+п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ 'diff', п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀:
+
+. п║п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╬п©п╦я▌ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟п╣я┌п╣я│я▄ п╪п╣п╫я▐я┌я▄. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫я▐п╣я┌п╣ `foo.xml`, п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣
++
+....
+% cp foo.xml foo.xml.old
+....
+. п≈п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╡п╫п╣я│п╦я┌п╣ п╡п╟я┬п╦ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ foo.xml
++
+....
+% vi foo.xml
+... п╨п╩п╟я├ п╨п╩п╟я├ п╨п╩п╟я├ ...
+
+... я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─я┐п╣п╪ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╦я┴п╣п╪ п╬п©п╣я┤п╟я┌п╨п╦, п╦ я┌п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫п╬п╣ ...
+....
+. п■п╣п╩п╟п╣п╪ diff. п п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟, я█я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╩п╟я▌я┴п╟я▐:
++
+....
+% diff -ru foo.xml.old foo.xml > foo.diff
+....
++
+п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─ п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╦п╧ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ п╢п╡я┐п╪я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟п╪п╦ п╦ п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▄ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╦п╧ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩ `foo.diff`.
+
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╟я┌я▄ `foo.diff` п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╫п╬ п╡ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟. п÷п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ PR я┌п╟п╨, п╨п╟п╨ я█я┌п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╬ п╡я▀я┬п╣, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦п╡ п╡ я┌п╣п╩п╬ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╟ я└п╟п╧п╩ `foo.diff`.
+
+link:..[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docproj/translations.adoc b/website/content/ru/docproj/translations.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..25289d2e20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docproj/translations.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD: п÷п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢я▀"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD: п÷п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢я▀
+
+* <<brazilian_portuguese,п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╫п╟ п╠я─п╟п╥п╦п╩я▄я│п╨п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я┌я┐пЁп╟п╩я▄я│п╨п╬п╪>>
+* <<bulgarian,п▒п╬п╩пЁп╟я─я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐>>
+* <<chinese-cn,п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╫п╟ я┐п©я─п╬я┴я▒п╫п╫п╬п╪ п╨п╦я┌п╟п╧я│п╨п╬п╪>>
+* <<chinese-tw,п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╫п╟ я┌я─п╟п╢п╦я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╪ п╨п╦я┌п╟п╧я│п╨п╬п╪>>
+* <<dutch,п■п╟я┌я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦>>
+* <<estonian,п╜я│я┌п╬п╫я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐>>
+* <<french,п╓я─п╟п╫я├я┐п╥я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐>>
+* <<german,п²п╣п╪п╣я├п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐>>
+* <<italian,п≤я┌п╟п╩я▄я▐п╫я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐>>
+* <<japanese,п╞п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐>>
+* <<korean,п п╬я─п╣п╧я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐>>
+* <<polish,п÷п╬п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐>>
+* <<romanian,п═я┐п╪я▀п╫я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐>>
+* <<russian,п═я┐я│я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐>>
+* <<spanish,п≤я│п©п╟п╫я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐>>
+* <<turkish,п╒я┐я─п╣я├п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦>>
+
+[[brazilian_portuguese]]
+== п▒я─п╟п╥п╦п╩я▄я│п╨п╬-п©п╬я─я┌я┐пЁп╟п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD
+
+*Web*: http://doc.fugspbr.org/ +
+*E-Mail*: lioux@FreeBSD.org +
+
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦_::
+п÷п╣я─п╣п╧п╢п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╣ http://lists.fugspbr.org/listinfo.cgi/doc-fugspbr.org/ п╥п╟ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦я▐п╪п╦ п©п╬ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╨п╣ п╫п╟ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╠я─п╟п╥п╦п╩я▄я│п╨п╬-п©п╬я─я┌я┐пЁп╟п╩я▄я│п╨п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢п╟. +
+п≤п╩п╦ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п╫п╟ mailto:doc-request@fugspbr.org?subject=subscribe[doc-request@fugspbr.org] я│п╬ я│п╩п╬п╡п╬п╪ "subscribe" п╡ я┌п╣п╪п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╟. +
+п║п╬п╥п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╦ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ doc@fugspbr.org
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/pt_BR/books/faq/[FAQ]
++
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/pt_BR/articles/contributing/[п п╟п╨ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ FreeBSD]
+_п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣_::
+http://doc.fugspbr.org/fdp/[п÷я─п╦п╪п╣я─ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡]
++
+http://doc.fugspbr.org/handbook/[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD]
+
+[[bulgarian]]
+== п▒п╬п╩пЁп╟я─я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD
+
+*Web-я│п╟п╧я┌*: http://fdp.bg-freebsd.org/ +
+*п╜п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ п©п╬я┤я┌п╟*: freebsd-fdp@bg-freebsd.org +
+
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦_::
+п÷п╣я─п╣п╧п╢п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╣ http://lists.bg-freebsd.org/, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╨п╣ п╫п╟ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╠п╬п╩пЁп╟я─я│п╨п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢п╟. +
+п⌡п╦п╠п╬ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ freebsd-fdp-subscribe@bg-freebsd.org. +
+п║п╬п╥п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╦ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-fdp@bg-freebsd.org
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀_::
+http://www.cybershade.us/freebsd/bg/fdp/split/[пёя┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨ п©п╬ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡]
+_п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣_::
+п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD
++
+Web-я│п╟п╧я┌ FreeBSD
++
+п░я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟ п╦ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ 4.4BSD (п╬п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╟)
++
+п╖п╟я│я┌п╬ п╥п╟п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ п©п╬ FreeBSD
+
+[[chinese-tw]]
+== п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ я┌я─п╟п╢п╦я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╪ п╨п╦я┌п╟п╧я│п╨п╬п╪
+
+*Web*: - +
+*E-Mail*: foxfair@FreeBSD.org +
+
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦_::
+п÷п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ я│п╬ я│я┌я─п╬я┤п╨п╬п╧ "subscribe freebsd-chinese-doc" п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ majordomo@freebsd.sinica.edu.tw. +
+п÷п╬я│я▀п╩п╨п╟ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╧ я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╟ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╟п╪ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ freebsd-chinese-doc@freebsd.sinica.edu.tw
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/zh-tw/books/faq/[FAQ]
+_п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣_::
+http://www.tw.FreeBSD.org/handbook-big5.html[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬]
+
+[[chinese-cn]]
+== п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╫п╟ я┐п©я─п╬я┴я▒п╫п╫п╬п╪ п╨п╦я┌п╟п╧я│п╨п╬п╪
+
+*Web-я│п╟п╧я┌*: http://www.FreeBSD.org.cn[www.FreeBSD.org.cn] +
+*п╜п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ п©п╬я┤я┌п╟*: delphij@FreeBSD.org +
+
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦_::
+п≤п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╨ я│п©п╦я│п╨я┐ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╫п╟ я┐п©я─п╬я┴я▒п╫п╫п╬п╪ п╨п╦я┌п╟п╧я│п╨п╬п╪ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ п©п╬ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╣ http://lists.cn.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo
+_п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌я▀ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀_::
+http://cnsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org/zh_CN/[Web-я│п╟п╧я┌]
++
+http://cnsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org/doc/zh_CN/books/arch-handbook[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╣]
++
+http://cnsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org/doc/zh_CN/books/developers-handbook[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡]
++
+http://cnsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org/doc/zh_CN/books/handbook[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬]
++
+http://cnsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org/doc/zh_CN/books/porters-handbook[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡]
++
+http://cnsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org/doc/zh_CN/books/faq[FAQ]
+
+[[dutch]]
+== п■п╟я┌я│п╨п╦п╧ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD
+
+*п╜п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ п©п╬я┤я┌п╟*: remko@FreeBSD.org +
+
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦_::
+п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ п╢п╟я┌я│п╨п╬п╪я┐ я│п©п╦я│п╨я┐ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD-doc-nl, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╡п╣п╢я┐я┌я│я▐ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌п╣ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ majordomo@majordomo.elvandar.org я│ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╪ "subscribe freebsd-doc-nl" п╡ я┌п╣п╩п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╟. +
++
+п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я│п©п╦я│п╨я┐ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ CVS FreeBSD-doc-nl-cvs, п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌п╣ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ majordomo@majordomo.elvandar.org я│ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╪ "subscribe freebsd-doc-nl-cvs" п╡ я┌п╣п╩п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╟. +
+_п·п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀_::
+http://www.freebsd.org/doc/nl/books/handbook[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ (пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╬ 80%)]
+_п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╣я┴я▒ п╡п╣п╢я▒я┌я│я▐_::
+http://www.freebsd-nl.org/doc/nl[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬]
++
+http://www.freebsd-nl.org/www/nl[Web-я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟]
+
+[[estonian]]
+== п╜я│я┌п╬п╫я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD
+
+*Web*: http://www.bsd.ee/tolge.php +
+
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀_::
+http://www.bsd.ee/handbook/[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD]
+
+[[french]]
+== п╓я─п╟п╫я├я┐п╥я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD
+
+*Web*: http://www.freebsd-fr.org/[http://www.freebsd-fr.org] +
+
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦_::
+п÷п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ я│п╬ я│я┌я─п╬я┤п╨п╬п╧ "SUB freebsd-questions" п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ listserver@freebsd-fr.org, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я└я─п╟п╫п╨п╬я▐п╥я▀я┤п╫я▀п╧ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴я▒п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟п╪ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧. +
++
+п÷п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ я│п╬ я│я┌я─п╬я┤п╨п╬п╧ "SUB annonces" п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ listserver@freebsd-fr.org, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я└я─п╟п╫п╨п╬я▐п╥я▀я┤п╫я▀п╧ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ я│ п╟п╫п╬п╫я│п╟п╪п╦. +
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/fr/books/faq[FAQ]
++
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/fr/articles/[п²п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦ п╦ п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╦я▐]
++
+http://www.freebsd-fr.org/local-fr/www/spec/bulletins_index.html[Really Quick Newsletters]
++
+http://www.freebsd-fr.org/doc/fr/books/picobsd/[PicoBSD]
+_п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/fr/books/handbook/book[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬], link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/fr/[Web]
+_п■п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ CVS_::
+http://www.freebsd-fr.org/cgi-fr/cvsweb.cgi/[CVS web]
++
+п÷п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ я│п╬ я│я┌я─п╬я┤п╨п╬п╧ "SUB cvs" п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ listserver@freebsd-fr.org п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ French CVS update. +
+
+[[german]]
+== п²п╣п╪п╣я├п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD
+
+*Web-я│п╟п╧я┌*: http://people.FreeBSD.org/~mheinen/de-bsd-translators/de-bsd-translators.html +
+*п╜п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ п©п╬я┤я┌п╟*: de-bsd-translators@de.FreeBSD.org +
+
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/de/books/faq/[FAQ], link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/de/articles/[п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│я┌п╟я┌п╣п╧]
+_п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/de/books/handbook/[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬], link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/de/books/fdp-primer/[пёя┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨ FDP], link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/de/[Web-я│п╟п╧я┌]
+
+[[italian]]
+== п≤я┌п╟п╩я▄я▐п╫я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD
+
+*Web-я│п╟п╧я┌*: http://www.gufi.org/~alex/ +
+*п╜п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ п©п╬я┤я┌п╟*: ale@freebsd.org +
+
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦_::
+п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╧ п©п╬ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╨ я│п©п╦я│п╨я┐ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╫п╟ п╦я┌п╟п╩я▄я▐п╫я│п╨п╦п╧ я▐п╥я▀п╨, п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п©п╬ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╣ http://liste.gufi.org/mailman/listinfo/traduzioni. +
+п⌡п╦п╠п╬ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ mailto:traduzioni-request@gufi.org?subject=subscribe[traduzioni-request@gufi.org], я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╡ "subscribe" п╡ я┌п╣п╪п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐. +
+п÷я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╟я├п╦я▐ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╧ я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╟ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╟п╪ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ traduzioni@gufi.org
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/it/books/unix-introduction/[п▓п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡ Unix]
++
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/it/docs/#articles[п²п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│я┌п╟я┌п╣п╧]
+_п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╫п╟п╢ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪п╦ я│п╣п╧я┤п╟я│ п╡п╣п╢я▒я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/it/books/handbook/[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬]
++
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/it/[Web-я│п╟п╧я┌]
+_CVS-я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╣_::
+http://cvs.gufi.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/doc/[Web-п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ п╨ CVS]
++
+п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ п╦я┌п╟п╩я▄я▐п╫я│п╨п╬п╪я┐ я│п©п╦я│п╨я┐ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ я│ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╡ п╦я┌п╟п╩я▄я▐п╫я│п╨п╬п╪ CVS-я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╣ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌я▀ mailto:cvs-all-request@gufi.org?subject=subscribe[cvs-all-request@gufi.org] я│п╬ я│п╩п╬п╡п╬п╪ "subscribe" п╡ я┌п╣п╪п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╟. +
+
+[[japanese]]
+== п╞п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD
+
+*Web*: http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/doc-jp/ +
+*E-Mail*: doc-jp@jp.FreeBSD.org +
+
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru/books/handbook/[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬], link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ja/books/faq/[FAQ], link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/ja/[Web], http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/NewsLetter/Issue2/[FreeBSD NewsLetter Issue #2]
+_п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣_::
+FreeBSD Tutorials
+
+[[korean]]
+== п п╬я─п╣п╧я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD
+
+*Web*: http://www.kr.FreeBSD.org/projects/doc-kr/ +
+*E-Mail*: doc@kr.FreeBSD.org +
+
+_п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣_::
+п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬
+
+[[polish]]
+
+== п÷п╬п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD
+
+*Web*: http://tlumaczenie.freebsd.pl +
+*E-Mail*: ni@merkury.pol.lublin.pl +
+
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀_::
+п²п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨п╦
+_п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣_::
+пёя┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨п╦ FreeBSD
++
+п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬
++
+FDP-Primer
+
+[[romanian]]
+== п═я┐п╪я▀п╫я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD
+
+*Web*: http://www.rofug.ro/projects/ro-l10n/ +
+*E-Mail*: ady@rofug.ro +
+
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦_::
+п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╨п╦ п╫п╟ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ ro-l10n п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ Web-я│п╟п╧я┌я┐ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╦п╩п╦ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п╫п╟ listar@rofug.ro я│ я┌п╣п╩п╬п╪ "subscribe ro-l10n". +
+п║п╬п╥п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╦ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ ro-l10n.
+_п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣_::
+п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬
+
+[[russian]]
+== п═я┐я│я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD
+
+*Web*: http://www.FreeBSD.org.ua/[http://www.FreeBSD.org.ua] +
+*E-Mail*: frdp@FreeBSD.org.ua +
+
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru/books/faq/[FAQ]
++
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/[WWW]
++
+http://www.FreeBSD.org.ua/docs.html[п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀]
++
+http://surw.chel.su/~andy/ncvs/doc/ru/QA/QA.html[QA]
+_п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣_::
+http://www.FreeBSD.org.ua/doc/ru/books/handbook/[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬]
+
+[[spanish]]
+== п≤я│п©п╟п╫я│п╨п╦п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD
+
+*Web-я│п╟п╧я┌*: http://www.es.FreeBSD.org/es/ +
+*п╜п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ п©п╬я┤я┌п╟*: jesusr@FreeBSD.org +
+
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦_::
+https://listas.es.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/doc[п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟ п╦я│п©п╟п╫я│п╨п╬п╪ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╣]
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/es/books/faq/[FAQ]
++
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/es/books/handbook/[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬]
++
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/es/articles/[п║я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦]
+
+[[turkish]]
+== п╒я┐я─п╣я├п╨п╦п╧ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD
+
+*Web-я│п╟п╧я┌*: http://www.enderunix.org/ftdp/ +
+*п╜п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ п©п╬я┤я┌п╟*: ofsen@enderunix.org +
+
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦_::
+п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я│п©п╦я│п╨я┐ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ ftdp п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ Web-я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╬я┌п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п©я┐я│я┌п╬п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌я▀ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ link:ftdp-subscribe@lists.enderunix.org[ftpd-subscribe@lists.enderunix.org].
+_п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/tr/[WWW]
++
+http://www.enderunix.org/ftdp/[п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╬я│я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡]
+_п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╫п╟п╢ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪п╦ п╡ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╣п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╡п╣п╢я▒я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟_::
+пёя┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨ FDP
+
+link:..[п⌠п╩п╟п╡п╫п╟я▐ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docproj/who.adoc b/website/content/ru/docproj/who.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4941da37e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docproj/who.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD: п я┌п╬ п╪я▀?"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD: п я┌п╬ п╪я▀?
+
+п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ я│п╩п╟п╠п╬ я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я┐я▌ пЁя─я┐п©п©я┐ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧; п╣п╢п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣, я┤я┌п╬ я┐ п╫п╟я│ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬п╠я┴п╣пЁп╬ - я█я┌п╬ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╨п╟ п╫п╟ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD-doc@FreeBSD.org.
+
+п²п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦п╥ п╫п╟я│ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╡п╫п╬я│п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╣п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╡ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я┐п╡п╦п╢п╣я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╧ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ link:{contributors}#staff-committers[я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD я│ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌ п©я─п╦п╡п╦п╩п╣пЁп╦я▐п╪п╦], п╨п╟п╨ п╦ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ link:{contributors}#staff-doc[пЁп╩п╟п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD].
+
+п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╫п╣ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п©я─п╟п╡, п╫п╬ п╬п╫п╦ п©п╦я┬я┐я┌ п╦ п©я─п╦я│я▀п╩п╟я▌я┌ п╫п╟п╪ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌ п╫п╣п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬ п╬я┌ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬. п п╟п╨ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╬п╫п╟ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╡ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╦ я│п╬ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣п╧ link:../submitting[п©п╬я│я▀п╩п╨п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦], п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╦п╥ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌ п╣п╣ п╦ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌ п╡ п╫п╟я┬ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦.
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ (п╦ я▐ я│я┌я─п╟я│я┌п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╢п╣я▌я│я▄ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬), п╡я│п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ - я█я┌п╬ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╦ п©п╬я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐я┘. п п╟п╨ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡я▀ я█я┌п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌п╣, п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я│я┤п╦я┌п╟я┌я▄ я│п╣п╠я▐ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟.
+
+link:..[FreeBSD Documentation Project Home]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docs/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/docs/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..21053cd3dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docs/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+title: "п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐
+
+[.right]
+image:../../gifs/doc.jpg[BSD п■п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫, п╦п╥я┐я┤п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌,width=274,height=163]
+
+п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╪п╟я│я│п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ FreeBSD, п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬п╪ Web-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╫п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│п╟п╧я┌п╟я┘, я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╢п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docs/books.adoc b/website/content/ru/docs/books.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e52d3be9dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docs/books.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+---
+title: "п п╫п╦пЁп╦ п╦ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п п╫п╦пЁп╦ п╦ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦
+
+== п²п╟ я█я┌п╬п╪ я│п╟п╧я┌п╣
+
+п▓я│я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ я│ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│п╟п╧я┌п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╟ п╡ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╦я┘ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╟я┘ (HTML, Postscript, PDF, п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣), я┐п©п╟п╨п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╪п╦ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╟п╪п╦ (BZip2, Zip) я│ ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/[FTP-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD].
+
+п╜я┌п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╟ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╪п╨п╟я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ link:../../docproj/[FreeBSD Documentation Project], п╦ п╪я▀ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ я─п╟п╢я▀ п©я─п╦п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┌п╣я┘, п╨я┌п╬ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡ п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡я┐я▌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌.
+
+=== п п╫п╦пЁп╦
+
+link:{dev-model}[п°п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD] (dev-model) +
+п╓п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{faq}[FAQ п©п╬ FreeBSD] (faq) +
+п╖п╟я│я┌п╬ п╥п╟п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ п╦ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я▀ п╫п╟ п╫п╦я┘, п©п╬п╨я─я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╡я│п╣ п╟я│п©п╣п╨я┌я▀ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ FreeBSD] (handbook) +
+п÷п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫п╬ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣п╪я▀п╧ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫я▀п╧ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{developers-handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡] (developers-handbook) +
+п■п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘, п╨я┌п╬ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD (п╟ п╫п╣ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘, п╨я┌п╬ п©я─п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╣п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╣ FreeBSD).
+
+link:{arch-handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╣ FreeBSD] (arch-handbook) +
+п■п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ FreeBSD. п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╬я┘п╡п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╢п╣я┌п╟п╩п╦ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦я┘ п╡п╟п╤п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬п╢я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ я▐п╢я─п╟ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{porters-handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡] (porters-handbook) +
+п═п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨ п©я─п╬я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦я▌, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─я┐п╣я┌п╣ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬я─я┌ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫п╫п╦я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡.
+
+link:{design-44bsd}[п⌠п╩п╟п╡п╟ 2 п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦ "п░я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟ п╦ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ 4.4BSD ("The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System")] (design-44bsd) +
+п÷я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╦п╥п╢п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ Addison-Wesley п╦ п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╬п╠п╥п╬я─ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ 4.4BSD, п╬я┌ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╡п╣п╢п╣я┌ я│п╡п╬я▌ п╦я│я┌п╬я─п╦я▌ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{fdp-primer[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD п╡ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╟я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╡] (fdp-primer) +
+п▓я│я▒, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD.
+
+[[articles]]
+=== п║я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦
+
+link:{bsdl-gpl}[п÷п╬я┤п╣п╪я┐ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▌ BSD п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╪ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╪] (bsdl-gpl) +
+п·п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╣п╦п╪я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟ п╨п╬п╢п╟ п©п╬п╢ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦п╣п╧ BSD.
+
+link:{building-products}[п║п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╬п╡ я│ FreeBSD] (building-products) +
+п п╟п╨ FreeBSD п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п╡ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╟.
+
+link:{committers-guide}[п║п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟] (committers-guide) +
+п²п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{contributing}[п÷п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐ FreeBSD] (contributing) +
+п п╟п╨ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{contributors}[п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╦п╠я▄я▌я┌п╬я─п╬п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD] (contributors) +
+п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╧ п╦ п╩п╦я├, п©п╬п╪п╬пЁп╟п╡я┬п╦я┘ п╡ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╣ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{explaining-bsd}[п·п╠я┼я▐я│п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ BSD] (explaining-bsd) +
+п·я┌п╡п╣я┌ п╫п╟ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│ ``п╖я┌п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╣ BSD?''
+
+link:{filtering-bridges}[п╓п╦п╩я▄я┌я─я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╪п╬я│я┌я▀] (filtering-bridges) +
+п²п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╟ п╪п╣п╤я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╬п╡ п╦ я└п╦п╩я▄я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╟ я┘п╬я│я┌п╟я┘ FreeBSD, п╡я▀я│я┌я┐п©п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п╪п╬я│я┌п╬п╡, п╟ п╫п╣ п╪п╟я─я┬я─я┐я┌п╦п╥п╟я┌п╬я─п╬п╡.
+
+link:{fonts}[п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я┬я─п╦я└я┌п╬п╡ п╡п╬ FreeBSD] (fonts) +
+п·п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│п╬ я┬я─п╦я└я┌п╟п╪п╦ п╡п╬ FreeBSD, п╦ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, п╨п╟п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦я┘ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╟я┘.
+
+link:{freebsd-questions}[п п╟п╨ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ я│п╬ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╪ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD-questions c п╪п╟п╨я│п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╬я┌п╢п╟я┤п╣п╧] (freebsd-questions) +
+п║п╬п╡п╣я┌я▀ п╦ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢п╟я├п╦п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©п╬п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╡п╟п╪ я┐п╡п╣п╩п╦я┤п╦я┌я▄ я┬п╟п╫я│ п╫п╟ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦п╥ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ -questions.
+
+link:{hubs}[п≈п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ FreeBSD] (hubs) +
+(п▓я│п╣ п╬ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ Web-я│п╟п╧я┌п╟ FreeBSD, я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ CVSup, FTP п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╡ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╪ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣.
+
+link:{ipsec-must}[п²п╣п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬п╣ п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ IPsec п╡п╬ FreeBSD] (ipsec-must) +
+п°п╣я┌п╬п╢ я█п╨я│п©п╣я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ IPsec.
+
+link:{mailing-list-faq}[FAQ п©п╬ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟п╪ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD] (mailing-list-faq) +
+п п╟п╨ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟п╪п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦, п╡ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╨п╟п╨ п╦п╥п╠п╣п╤п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬п╡я┌п╬я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╢п╫п╦я┘ п╦ я┌п╣я┘ п╤п╣ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╧.
+
+link:{nanobsd}[NanoBSD] +
+п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬п╠ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я┘ NanoBSD, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п©я─п╦ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ п╨п╟я─я┌п╟я┘ Compact Flash (п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟я┘).
+
+link:{new-users}[п÷п╣я─п╡я▀п╣ я┬п╟пЁп╦ я│ FreeBSD] (new-users) +
+п■п╩я▐ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧, я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╟п╪п╦ п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╦ UNIX(R)
+
+link:{pam}[п÷п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦ п╟я┐я┌п╣п╫я┌п╦я└п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╦ (Pluggable Authentication Modules)] (п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ PAM п╦ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▐п╪ п╡п╬ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{pr-guidelines}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я│ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘ FreeBSD] (pr-guidelines) +
+п═п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣п╪п╟я▐ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦п╨п╟ п©п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я│ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{problem-reports}[п║п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╣ п╡п╬ FreeBSD] (problem-reports) +
+п п╟п╨ п╫п╟п╦п╩я┐я┤я┬п╦п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪ я│я└п╬я─п╪я┐п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦ п╬я┌п╬я│п╩п╟я┌я▄ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╣ п╡ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{releng}[п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD] (releng) +
+п·п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ FreeBSD. п·п©п╦я│п╟п╫я▀ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘, п╨я┌п╬ п╥п╟п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╡ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╦ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п╨п╬я─п©п╬я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ я│я─п╣п╢п╣ п╦п╩п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐.
+
+link:{releng-packages}[п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫п╫п╦я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡] (releng-packages) +
+п·п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╟ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡, я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╟п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╟ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟я┘ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╟ FreeBSD. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ я│я┌п╟п╢п╦п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦, п╫п╬ я┐п╤п╣ п©п╬п╨я─я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀п╧ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╟ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╟ FreeBSD.org "п п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡", п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨я┐ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ п©п╬ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟п╪ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╟, п╦ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨я┐ я├п╣п╩п╬я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╟ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡.
+
+link:{serial-uart}[п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ п╦ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ UART] (serial-uart) +
+п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬п╠ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╡п╬ FreeBSD, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╦я┘ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡я▀я┘ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╬п╡.
+
+link:{solid-state}[FreeBSD п╦ я┌п╡п╣я─п╢п╬я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟] (solid-state) +
+п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╡п╣я─п╢п╬я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╡п╬ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{vm-design}[п╜п╩п╣п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╡п╦я─я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п╡п╬ FreeBSD] (vm-design) +
+п÷п╬п╫я▐я┌п╫п╬п╣ п╦ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ п©п╬п╢я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╦я─я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄я▌ FreeBSD.
+
+== п²п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│п╟п╧я┌п╟я┘
+
+п▓ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╣ п╫п╣п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪я▀я┘ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦п╧ п╠я▀п╩п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╬ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╥п╟я│п╩я┐п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦я▐ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╬п╡, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ FreeBSD.
+
+[[other-books]]
+=== п п╫п╦пЁп╦
+
+* http://www.vmunix.com/fbsd-book/[п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬п╣ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ FreeBSD] - п©п╬п©я▀я┌п╨п╟ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┤п╦я┌п╟п╠п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬, "п╨п╫п╦пЁп╬п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫п╬пЁп╬" я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨п╟, п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╣пЁп╬ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я┐я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ FreeBSD. п÷я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘, п╨я┌п╬ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╪ п╨п╟п╨ п╡п╬ FreeBSD, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╡ UNIX. п²п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╣.
+
+=== п║я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦
+
+* Niels Jorgensen п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╩ п╟п╨п╟п╢п╣п╪п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╣ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│я┐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ FreeBSD: http://www.ruc.dk/~nielsj/research/papers/freebsd.pdf[``Putting it All in the Trunk, Incremental Software Development in the FreeBSD Open Source Project''] [Information Systems Journal (2001) 11, 321-336].
+* mailto:mckusick@mckusick.com[Kirk McKusick], п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╦п╥ п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ BSD п╡ U.C. Berkeley, п©я─п╣п©п╬п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╢п╡п╟ п╨я┐я─я│п╟ http://www.mckusick.com/courses/[4.4BSD Kernel Internals] я│ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ FreeBSD. п■п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘, п╨я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬я│п╣я┌п╦я┌я▄ я█я┌п╦ я│п╣п╪п╦п╫п╟я─я▀ я│п╟п╪п╬я│я┌п╬я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬, я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╣я─п╦я▐ п╡п╦п╢п╣п╬п╨п╟я│я│п╣я┌.
+* http://flag.blackened.net/freebsd/[FreeBSD How-To's for the Lazy and Hopeless] я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╣я┴п╣ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┤п╦я│я┌п╬я│п╣я─п╢п╣я┤п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬п©я▀я┌п╨п╬п╧ п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┤п╦я┌п╟п╠п╣п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ "я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡ how-to" п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╦ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╣ FreeBSD.
+* http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux+FreeBSD.html[The Linux+FreeBSD mini-HOWTO] п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╨п╟п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ Linux п╦ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╦ я┌п╬п╧ п╤п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣. п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╦ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╟п╣я┌я│я▐, п╨п╟п╨ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ я│п╬я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╡п╣ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▐ п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п╨п╟я┤п╨п╦.
+* http://www.nber.org/amd.html[п▓п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ я│ AMD п╡п╬ FreeBSD] (AMD -- п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╟ п╫п╣ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄ я┤п╦п©п╬п╡)
+* _п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬ п╬п╠ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘_. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╠я▀п╩ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ п╡ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡ link:{handbook/install.html[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п©п╬ FreeBSD].
+* http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200010/blueprints.html[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я│я┌п╟ п©п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я│ п╢п╦п╫п╟п╪п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╬п╡я┴п╦п╨п╬п╪ я▐п╢я─п╟ (KLD)].
+* http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200007/newbus-intro.html[п п╟п╨ п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─я▀ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╡ п©п╟я─п╟п╢п╦пЁп╪п╣ Newbus].
+* _п²п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╟ ISA-я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟_. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╠я▀п╩ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ п╡ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡ link:{arch-handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╣ FreeBSD].
+* _п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╫п╟ п╟я│я│п╣п╪п╠п╩п╣я─п╣ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD_. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╠я▀п╩ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ п╡ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡ link:{developers-handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡].
+* http://www.cfcl.com/rdm/split_DNS.html[п²п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╟ я┤п╟я│я┌п╦ п╥п╬п╫я▀ DNS (Split DNS) п╡п╬ FreeBSD]
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~fsmp/SMP/SMP.html[п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ SMP] я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╣ SMP п╡п╬ FreeBSD 4.X п╦ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я─п╟п╫п╫п╦я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧.
+* п÷я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ A я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨п╟ _Operating Systems Concepts_, п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ Silberschatz, Galvin п╦ Gagne п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╫п╣я┌ п╡ http://www.wiley.com/college/silberschatz6e/0471417432/pdf/bsd.pdf[я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╣ PDF]. п÷я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌я│я▐ п╨ FreeBSD п╦ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╦п╥ я│п╣п╠я▐ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╣п╣ п╡п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪я▀ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docs/man.adoc b/website/content/ru/docs/man.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..80f556dd6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docs/man.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+title: "п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= п п╫п╦пЁп╦ п╦ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦
+
+*FreeBSD*::
+п■п╩я▐ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡: link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+1.0-RELEASE[1.0], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+1.1-RELEASE[1.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+1.1.5.1-RELEASE[1.1.5.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.0-RELEASE[2.0], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.0.5-RELEASE[2.0.5], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.1.0-RELEASE[2.1.0], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.1.5-RELEASE[2.1.5], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.1.6.1-RELEASE[2.1.6.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.1.7.1-RELEASE[2.1.7.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.2.1-RELEASE[2.2.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.2.2-RELEASE[2.2.2], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.2.5-RELEASE[2.2.5], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.2.6-RELEASE[2.2.6], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.2.7-RELEASE[2.2.7], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.2.8-RELEASE[2.2.8], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+3.0-RELEASE[3.0], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+3.1-RELEASE[3.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+3.2-RELEASE[3.2], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+3.3-RELEASE[3.3], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+3.4-RELEASE[3.4], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+3.5.1-RELEASE[3.5.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.0-RELEASE[4.0], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.1-RELEASE[4.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.2-RELEASE[4.2], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.3-RELEASE[4.3], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.4-RELEASE[4.4], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.5-RELEASE[4.5], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.6-RELEASE[4.6], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-RELEASE[4.7], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE[4.8], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE[4.9], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.10-RELEASE[4.10], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.11-RELEASE[4.11], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=freebsd-stable4[4.X-STABLE], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE[5.0], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-RELEASE[5.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+5.2-RELEASE[5.2], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+5.2.1-RELEASE[5.2.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE[5.3], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE[5.4], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE[5.5], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=freebsd-stable5[5.X-STABLE], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+6.0-RELEASE[6.0], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+6.1-RELEASE[6.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=freebsd-stable[6.X-STABLE], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+7.0-current[7.0-CURRENT], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+Ports[Ports].
+*п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀*::
+link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=v7[Unix Seventh Edition (V7)], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=2.8BSD[2.8BSD], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=2.9BSD[2.9.1BSD], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=2.10BSD[2.10BSD], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=2.11BSD[2.11BSD], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=4.3BSD+Reno[4.3BSD Reno], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=NET%2F2[NET/2], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=386BSD+0.1[386BSD 0.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=4.4BSD+Lite2[4.4BSD Lite2], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=hpux[HP-UX], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=linux[Linux], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=NetBSD[NetBSD], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=OpenBSD[OpenBSD], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=darwin[Darwin], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=plan9[Plan 9], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=sunos4[SunOS 4.X], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=sunos5[SunOS 5.X], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=ultrix[ULTRIX 4.2], п╦ link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=XFree86[XFree86].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docs/webresources.adoc b/website/content/ru/docs/webresources.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64641329d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docs/webresources.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+---
+title: "Web я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀"
+sidenav: docs
+--- 
+
+= Web я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀
+
+== п║я│я▀п╩п╨п╦
+
+* п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ http://dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/BSD/FreeBSD/[Open Directory Project] п╢п╟я▒я┌ п©я─п╣п╨я─п╟я│п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ я│я│я▀п╩п╬п╨ п╬ FreeBSD, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ http://dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/BSD/FreeBSD/Prominent_Users/[п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧], п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╣п╫ п╡ п╪п╟я─п╨п╣я┌п╦п╫пЁп╬п╡я▀я┘ я├п╣п╩я▐я┘.
+
+== п▓ я─п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ п╪п╦я─п╣...
+
+=== link:../../press[FreeBSD п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟я┘ п©я─п╣я│я│я▀]
+
+п║я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦ п╡ п©я─п╣я│я│п╣, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ FreeBSD.
+
+== п╒п╣п╩п╣п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╦
+
+п║п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я┌п╣п╩п╣п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╦ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ FreeBSD:
+
+* link:news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce[comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce] (п╪п╬п╢п╣я─п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╟я▐)
+* link:news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc[comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc]
+* link:news:comp.unix.bsd.misc[comp.unix.bsd.misc]
+
+== п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╦ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦
+
+=== http://fxr.watson.org/[п≤я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢]
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я│я▐ пЁп╩я┐п╠п╬п╨п╬ п╨п╬п©п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╣, я█я┌п╬ пЁп╦п©п╣я─я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ _я▐п╢я─п╟_ FreeBSD. п╜я┌п╬я┌ я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│ п╩я▌п╠п╣п╥п╫п╬ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫ п═п╬п╠п╣я─я┌п╬п╪ п▓п╟я┌я│п╬п╫п╬п╪ (Robert Watson).
+
+=== http://www.daemonnews.org/[Daemon News]
+
+п⌡п╦п╢п╣я─ п╦п╫п╢я┐я│я┌я─п╦п╦ п╡ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ BSD.
+
+п п╟п╨ п╦ я│п╟п╪п╟ FreeBSD, я█я┌п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╬п╪ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╢п╬п╠я─п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄я├п╣п╡. п╕п╣п╩п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─я▀ п©п╬ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╦ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╣я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧, п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫я▀ п╡я▀я┬п╣.
+
+=== http://www.freebsddiary.org/[The FreeBSD Diary]
+
+The FreeBSD Diary я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╠п╬я─п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╣п╧ я┌п╦п©п╟ "how-to", п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╡ п╡ UNIX. п╕п╣п╩я▄я▌ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬я┬п╟пЁп╬п╡я▀я┘ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡ п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╦ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╣ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+
+=== http://www.OnLamp.com/bsd/[The O'Reilly Network BSD Dev Center]
+
+п▓ BSD Dev Center п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌я│я▐ п╢п╡п╣ п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╬п╫п╨п╦ п╬ FreeBSD, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я│п╬п╡п╣я┌я▀ п╦ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟.
+
+=== http://www.BSDForums.org[BSDForums.org]
+
+BSDForums.org п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ п╬п╫п╩п╟п╧п╫ я└п╬я─я┐п╪я▀ п╦ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╫п╬п╧ я│п╟п╧я┌ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ FreeBSD п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪ BSD.
+
+=== http://www.bsdguides.org[BSD Guides]
+
+п²п╟ BSDGuides.org п╬п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│я▐я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п╨ BSD я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡.
+
+== п■я─я┐пЁп╟я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐
+
+http://docs.FreeBSD.org/44doc/[п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ 4.4BSD]: п╜я┌п╬ пЁп╦п©п╣я─я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╨ 4.4BSD п╦п╥ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╟ file://localhost/usr/share/doc[/usr/share/doc], пЁп╢п╣ п╦я┘ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ FreeBSD (п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦п╩п╦ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡ doc).
+
+http://docs.FreeBSD.org/info/[п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ Info]: п╜я┌п╬ пЁп╦п©п╣я─я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ Info п╦п╥ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╟ file://localhost/usr/share/info[/usr/share/info], пЁп╢п╣ п╦я┘ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ FreeBSD (п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦п╩п╦ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡ info).
diff --git a/website/content/ru/donations/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/donations/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bfe60b674a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/donations/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+---
+title: "п╕п╣п╫я┌я─ п÷п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+--- 
+
+= п╕п╣п╫я┌я─ п÷п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ FreeBSD
+
+== п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟п╫п╦п╣
+
+* <<goal,п╕п╣п╩п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╕п╣п╫я┌я─п╟ п÷п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧>>
+* <<charter,пёя│я┌п╟п╡ п╕п╣п╫я┌я─п╟ п÷п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧>>
+* <<donating,п║п©п╬п╫я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD>>
+
+== п·я│я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐
+
+* link:wantlist[п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╩я▐ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD]
+* link:donors[п÷п╣я─п╣я┤п╣п╫я▄ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD]
+
+[[goal]]
+== п╕п╣п╩п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟
+
+п▓п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ FreeBSD я┐п╡п╣п╩п╦я┤п╦п╩п╬я│я▄ я┤п╦я│п╩п╬ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡я▀ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╦п╩п╦ я└п╦п╫п╟п╫я│п╬п╡я▀п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀. п╕п╣п╫я┌я─ п÷п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╠я▀п╩ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫ п╢п╩я▐ я┐п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╬я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ я│п╡п╬п╣п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╦ п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬.
+
+[[charter]]
+== пёя│я┌п╟п╡ п╕п╣п╫я┌я─п╟ п÷п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧
+
+п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п²п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╦п╨п╟ п╕п╣п╫я┌я─п╟ п÷п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╥п╟п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╣ п╦ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╦ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╡ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╦ я│ п╬п╠я┴п╣п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▀п╪п╦ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟п╪п╦. п²п╟ п╫я▒п╪ п╩п╣п╤п╟я┌ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫п╬я│я┌п╦.
+
+* я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬п╫я▐я┌п╫я▀п╧ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧.
+* я│п╡п╬п╣п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌.
+* п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╬п╡, я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣п╪я▀я┘ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐ FreeBSD.
+* я│п╬п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ я│ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD.
+* п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪я┐ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│я┐ п╦я┘ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐.
+* я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╬п╧ п╦п╥ 3-4 я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╡п╬п╣п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я┌я▀ п╦ п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╟ п╥п╟п©я─п╬я│я▀.
+* п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©я─п╦п╫п╬я│п╦я┌я▄ п╠п╩п╟пЁп╬п╢п╟я─п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ п╥п╟ п╦я┘ п╡п╨п╩п╟п╢, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ п╬я└п╬я─п╪п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╥п╟п╨п╬п╫я┤п╣п╫.
+* п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╥п╟п╧п╪п╬п╡ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐.
+* п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬п╠п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐я┘ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD.
+
+[[donating]]
+== п÷п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐ FreeBSD
+
+п≤я┌п╟п╨, п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐ FreeBSD? п▓п╣п╩п╦п╨п╬п╩п╣п©п╫п╬! п°я▀ я│п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╢п╣п╣п╪я│я▐ п╫п╟ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╦. п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п©я─п╬я┤я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╢п╟п╩я▄п╫п╣п╧я┬я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╫я▐я┌я▄, п╨п╟п╨ п╡я│я┌я┐п©п╦я┌я▄ п╡ п╨п╬п╫я┌п╟п╨я┌ я│ п╫п╟п╪п╦ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╡п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╣я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╬я┌п╢п╟я┌я▄, п╡п╥пЁп╩я▐п╫п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╟ п╫п╟я┬ link:wantlist[п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╣п╫я▄ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬]. п°я▀ п╡п╬п╥я▄п╪я▒п╪ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦п╥ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╡я▀ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡я▀ п╫п╟п╪ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟я┌я▄, я┤п╦я┌п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╢п╟п╩я▄я┬п╣.
+
+[[taxcredit]]
+=== п²п╟п╩п╬пЁп╬п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐
+
+п▓ я├п╣п╩я▐я┘ п╫п╟п╩п╬пЁп╬п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD Foundation п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╡я▀я│я┌я┐п©п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╨ п╠п╩п╟пЁп╬я┌п╡п╬я─п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╤п╦п╡я▒я┌п╣ п╡ п║п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫я▒п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╗я┌п╟я┌п╟я┘, п╡п╟я┬п╣ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╦ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀я┘ я┐я│п╩п╬п╡п╦я▐я┘ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡я▀я┤я┌п╣п╫п╬ п╦п╥ п╫п╟я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│я┐п╪п╪я▀ п╫п╟п╩п╬пЁп╬п╡. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╢я┌п╡п╣я─п╢п╦я┌я▄ я└п╟п╨я┌ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я├п╣п╩я▐я┘ п╫п╟п╩п╬пЁп╬п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╢п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╪ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬п╠ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╡ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п©п╬я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣п╪ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦.
+
+п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╩п╬пЁп╬п╡я┐я▌ я│п╨п╦п╢п╨я┐ п╫п╣ я┌п╟п╨ я┐п╤ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬, п╨п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╤п╣я┌я│я▐. п÷п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©п╬п╢п╩п╣п╤п╟я┌ п╡я▀я┤п╣я┌я┐, п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡я▀я│п╩п╟п╫я▀ п╡ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ п╓п╬п╫п╢п╟ FreeBSD. п≈п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╢п╬п╠я─п╬п╡п╬п╩п╣я├ п╦п╥ п╓п╬п╫п╢п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п©п╣я─п╣я│п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╣пЁп╬ я─п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я┌п╣п╩я▌. п╓п╬п╫п╢ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п©п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫п╬ п╡ я├п╣п╩я▐я┘ _п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я▀_. п▓я│я▒ я█я┌п╬ п╡ я├п╣п╩п╬п╪ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬, я┘п╬я┌я▐ я┐ п╫п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╥п╟п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╡ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ п╨п╬я─п╬п╠п╨п╦ ISA-п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п╦п╥ п╡п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ я┤я┐п╩п╟п╫п╟, п╡я▀ п╫п╣ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╥п╟ п╫п╦я┘ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╩п╬пЁп╬п╡я▀п╧ п╡я▀я┤п╣я┌; п╬п╠я┼я▒п╪ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╢п╩я▐ п╣я▒ я┐п©п╟п╨п╬п╡п╨п╦, п©п╬я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, пЁп╬я─п╟п╥п╢п╬ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╣я▒ я│я┌п╬п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦.
+
+п╓п╬п╫п╢ FreeBSD п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢я┌п╡п╣я─п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╨я┐ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╬п╫ п╫п╣ п╢п╟я│я┌ п╬я├п╣п╫п╨п╦ я─я▀п╫п╬я┤п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌п╬п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ -- п╫п╟ я│п╟п╪п╬п╪ п╢п╣п╩п╣ п╥п╟п╨п╬п╫ п╥п╟п©я─п╣я┴п╟п╣я┌ я█я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄. п°я▀ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣п╪ п╡я▀я▐я│п╫п╦я┌я▄ я│я┌п╬п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ пЁп╢п╣-п╫п╦п╠я┐п╢я▄ п╡ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╪ п╪п╣я│я┌п╣. п╒п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п╣ п╦п╥ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟я─п╣п╩п╬, п╡я▀я▐я│п╫п╦я┌я▄ я─я▀п╫п╬я┤п╫я┐я▌ я│я┌п╬п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ п╡п╣я│я▄п╪п╟ я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╬, я┌п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ п©я─п╬я│п╦п╪ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟ Ebay п╦п╩п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│п╟п╧я┌п╟я┘, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴я▒п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╠я▀п╡я┬п╣п╪я┐ п╡ я┐п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠п╩п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌, я│я┐п╪п╪я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©п╩п╟я┌я▐я┌я│я▐ п╥п╟ п©п╬я┘п╬п╤п╣п╣ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣.
+
+=== п п╟п╨ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣
+
+п·п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╥ я├п╣п╩п╣п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╕п╣п╫я┌я─п╟ п÷п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╬п╬я┌п╫п╣я│п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╦ п╫я┐п╤п╢ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╦я┘ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄. п°я▀ п╫п╣ п©я─п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣п╪ п╩я▌п╠я▀п╣ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐; п╪я▀ п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟п╣п╪ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я▌я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟, п╪п╬пЁя┐я┴п╣пЁп╬ я█я┌п╦п╪ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD. п╜я┌п╬ п╡п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣ я█п╨п╬п╫п╬п╪п╦я┌ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬пЁп╟п╣я┌ п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ п©п╬п╫я▐я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╦я┘ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫п╬п╧ п╪п╣п╢п╟п╩п╦ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╪я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╡п╩п╟п╢п╣я┌я▄ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╬ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╪ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╢ я┌п╣п╪, п╨п╟п╨ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▄ п╣пЁп╬.
+
+п÷п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬ п©п╬п╢п©п╟п╢п╟я▌я┌ п©п╬п╢ п╬п╢п╫я┐ п╦п╥ я┌я─я▒я┘ п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦п╧:
+
+* <<money,п╓п╦п╫п╟п╫я│я▀>>
+* <<systems,п п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─я▀ п╡ п╨п╬п╪п©п╩п╣п╨я┌п╣>>
+* <<components,п░п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀>>
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╦я┌я▄, п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п©п╟п╢п╟я▌я┴п╣п╣ п╫п╦ п©п╬п╢ п╬п╢п╫я┐ п╦п╥ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦п╧, п╫п╣ п╠п╣я│п©п╬п╨п╬п╧я┌п╣я│я▄! п÷я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ я│ п╡п╟я┬п╦п╪ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╨ п╫п╟п╪ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ donations@FreeBSD.org. п╒п╬, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬п╣ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╡п╬п╡я│п╣ п╫п╣ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╪я▀ п╦п╪ п╫п╣ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│я┐п╣п╪я│я▐.
+
+[[money]]
+=== п╓п╦п╫п╟п╫я│п╬п╡п╟я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟
+
+п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD п╫п╟п©я─я▐п╪я┐я▌ я└п╦п╫п╟п╫я│п╬п╡я┐я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╫п╣ п©я─п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌. п■п╩я▐ п╫п╟я│ п╣я▒ п©я─п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐-я│п©п╬п╫я│п╬я─, http://www.freebsdfoundation.org[п╓п╬п╫п╢ FreeBSD]. п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ п╣я▒ я│п╟п╧я┌я┐ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀я▐я│п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я└п╦п╫п╟п╫я│п╬п╡п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦.
+
+[[systems]]
+=== п▓я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╡ п╨п╬п╪п©п╩п╣п╨я┌п╣
+
+п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐ FreeBSD п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─я▀. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟я┌я▄ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, я│п╡я▐п╤п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ я│ п╫п╟п╪п╦ я│п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧:
+
+* п░п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫я▀п╣ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╦: п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟, п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟, п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─, п╬п╠я┼я▒п╪ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦, п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╟я▐ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄. (п∙я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─ Alpha, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤я┐ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢ SHOW CONFIG, SHOW MEM п╦ SHOW DEV.)
+* п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╩п╦ п╫п╟ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ FreeBSD, п╦п╩п╦ п╬п╫п╟ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐? п∙я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬, п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╦я┌п╣ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤я┐ dmesg п╬я┌ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ FreeBSD п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀.
+* п°п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╡я▀я│п╩п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌я┐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐?
+* п▓п╟я┬п╣ я└п╦п╥п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╣ я─п╟я│п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣. п°я▀ я│я┌п╟я─п╟п╣п╪я│я▐ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п©п╣я─п╣я│я▀п╩п╨я┐ п╪п╟п╨я│п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╧ п╦ п╫п╣п╢п╬я─п╬пЁп╬п╧.
+* п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ я┐п╨п╟п╤п╦я┌п╣, я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ <<taxcredit,п╫п╟п╩п╬пЁп╬п╡я▀п╣ п╡я▀я┤п╣я┌я▀>> п╥п╟ я█я┌я┐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐. (п≈п╟п╪п╣я┌я▄я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╡я│п╣ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ я─п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╫п╟п╩п╬пЁп╬п╡я▀п╣ п╡я▀я┤п╣я┌я▀, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ я│я┌п╬п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡я▀я┤п╣я┌п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©я─п╣п╡я▀я│п╦я┌я▄ я│я┌п╬п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.)
+
+[[components]]
+=== п п╬п╪п©п╩п╣п╨я┌я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟я┌я▄ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, я│п╡я▐п╤п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ я│ п╫п╟п╪п╦ я│п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧:
+
+* п·п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐: п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄, п╫п╬п╪п╣я─ п©п╬ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁя┐, п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄ п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ я┌п╬я┤п╫п╟я▐ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╟ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я┐ я│п╟п╧я┌п╟ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▐ п╬п╠ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╪п©п╩п╣п╨я┌я┐я▌я┴п╣п╪, я█я┌п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я▀п╪.
+* п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╩п╦ п╡ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╣п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ FreeBSD я█я┌п╬ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣?
+* п п╟п╨п╟я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄? п÷я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╟; п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╟п╪ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╟ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ п╪п╦п╨я─п╬я│я┘п╣п╪п╟я┘ п╬я┌ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▐. (п²п╣ п╥п╟п╠п╬я┌я▄я┌п╣я│я▄ я│п╩п╦я┬п╨п╬п╪ п╬п╠ я█я┌п╬п╪, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╫п╣ п╬п╨п╟п╤п╣я┌я│я▐, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╣я▒ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я┐п╢п╟я│я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ пЁп╢п╣-я┌п╬ п╣я┴я▒.)
+* п°п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п©я─п╦я│п╩п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌я┐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐?
+* п▓п╟я┬п╣ я└п╦п╥п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╣ п╪п╣я│я┌п╬п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣. п°я▀ я│я┌п╟я─п╟п╣п╪я│я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я┌я▄ п©п╣я─п╣я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╪п╟п╨я│п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╦ п╫п╣п╢п╬я─п╬пЁп╬.
+* п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ я┐п╨п╟п╤п╦я┌п╣, я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ <<taxcredit,п╫п╟п╩п╬пЁп╬п╡я▀п╣ п╡я▀я┤п╣я┌я▀>> п╥п╟ я█я┌п╬ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣. (п≈п╟п╪п╣я┌я▄я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╡я│п╣ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ я─п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╫п╟п╩п╬пЁп╬п╡я▀п╣ п╡я▀я┤п╣я┌я▀, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ я│я┌п╬п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡я▀я┤п╣я┌п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©я─п╣п╡я▀я│п╦я┌я▄ я│я┌п╬п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.)
+
+=== п╖я┌п╬ п╪я▀ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣п╪ я│ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧
+
+п п╟п╨ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╪я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣п╪ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╕п╣п╫я┌я─ п÷п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ я│п╡я▐п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я│ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╦ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌ п╦п╪ я█я┌п╬я┌ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╫п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬п╫я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я│я▐ я█я┌п╬ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╪я▀ я│п╡я▐п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣п╪ п╢п╟я─п╦я┌п╣п╩я▐ п╦ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ п╫п╟п©я─я▐п╪я┐я▌ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╬п╡ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╨п╦. п∙я│п╩п╦ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╥п╟п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╬п╡п╟п╩п╦я│я▄ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡, п╪я▀ п©я▀я┌п╟п╣п╪я│я▐ п╡я▀я▐я│п╫п╦я┌я▄, п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧ п╦п╥ п╫п╦я┘ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│ я│ п╪п╟п╨я│п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╫п╦п╨я┌п╬ п╦п╥ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╫п╣ п╥п╟п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐, п╪я▀ п╬я┌п╨п╩п╬п╫я▐п╣п╪ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣.
+
+п°я▀ я│я┌я─п╣п╪п╦п╪я│я▐ п╬я┌я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄ (п╦п╩п╦ п╬я┌п╨п╩п╬п╫я▐я┌я▄) п╡я│п╣ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ 7 п╢п╫п╣п╧ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/donations/donors.adoc b/website/content/ru/donations/donors.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..46fdb12c53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/donations/donors.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+---
+title: "п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐"
+sidenav: about
+--- 
+
+= п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐
+
+п²п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╣ п©п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╬п╧ п╕п╣п╫я┌я─п╟ п÷п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧. п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫я▀ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╥п╟п╡п╣я─я┬я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╦п╩п╦ я│я┤п╦я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╥п╟п╡п╣я─я┬я▒п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╦. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╬, п╫п╬ п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪я┐ п╫п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╡я▀я│п╩п╟п╫п╬, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╫п╣ я┐п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╧я┌п╣ я█я┌п╬ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╦я┌п╣ п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п©я─п╦я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ trhodes@FreeBSD.org, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я▐ я│п╪п╬пЁ п╦я┘ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄. п°п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©я─п╦я│п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╬п©п╦я▌ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ donations@FreeBSD.org.
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",]
+|===
+|п·я┌ п╨п╬пЁп╬ |п·п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ |п п╬п╪я┐ |п║п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣
+|`nsayer` |4-п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡я▀п╧ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Zynx 'dc' |jlemon |п²п╣п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫п╬
+|`Sebastian Trahm <inthisdefiance@gmx.net>` |Packet Engines G-NICII 1000SX/PCI |will |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`donxc <donald.creel@verizon.net>` |ATI Rage Pro 128 |anholt |п▓я▀я│п╩п╟п╫п╬
+|`Stephen Hoover <shoover@442spot.com>` |Pentium III 1GHz 133FSB, 512MB PC133 RAM, п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ Asus TUSL2-C (я┤п╦п©я│п╣я┌ 815EP), Intel 82559 (PILA8460B) 10/100 NIC, 52X CD-ROM, п²п⌠п°п■, я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫я▀п╧ п╠п╩п╬п╨ я│ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪ п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐ 250п▓я┌ п╦ п╡п╣п╫я┌п╦п╩я▐я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ |kris |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Salvatore Denaro <sdenaro@speakeasy.net>` |512MB DDR ECC DIMM |obrien |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Frank Nikolajsen <frank@warpspace.com>` |п╒я─п╦ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╦я┘ п©п╩п╟я┌я▀ 533MHz 21164A CPU PC164SX (AlphaPC) |п п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ (obrien/peter) |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@rri-usa.org>` |п÷я─п╦п╡п╬п╢ PCMCIA CD-ROM (Addonics), п╨п╬п╪п©п╩п╣п╨я┌ USB 1.1 HD я│ 850MB HD |imp, bsd |CD-ROM п╡я▀я│п╩п╟п╫ imp, п╨п╬п╪п©п╩п╣п╨я┌ HD п╡я▀я│п╩п╟п╫ bsd
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@rri-usa.org>` |Seagate Cheetah 10K RPM 9GB UW-SCSI HD Model: ST19101W / 68-п╨п╬п╫я┌п╟п╨я┌п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╟п╠п╣п╩я▄, п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╢п╡п╬п╧п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣п╫я┌п╦п╩я▐я┌п╬я─ п╢п╩я▐ HD |dannyboy |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@goliath.rri-usa.org>` |п⌡я█п©я┌п╬п© Dell Inspiron 3000 (Pentium 266MHz, 64MB RAM, п²п⌠п°п■ п╦ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢ CD-ROM, я│я┌п╟п╫я├п╦я▐ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ PCMCIA Ethernet/п╪п╬п╢п╣п╪, п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨ п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╣п╪ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦ |imp |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@goliath.rri-usa.org>` |п░п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─я▀ PCMCIA: "New Media" 28.8 modem (п╫п╣п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩п╦), Linksys 33.6 LANmodem (п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ PCMLM36), Linksys combo ethernet card (п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ EC2T), я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ 3COM 3C905B Ethernet 10/100B-T (PCI) |п░п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─я▀ PCMCIA п╢п╩я▐ imp, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ 3COM п╢п╩я▐ silby |п░п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─я▀ PCMCIA п╡я▀я│п╩п╟п╫я▀. п║п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ 3COM п╡я▀я│п╩п╟п╫.
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@goliath.rri-usa.org>` |п▓п╦п╫я┤п╣я│я┌п╣я─я▀ 2.5" п╢п╩я▐ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©п╬п╡: Toshiba HDD2714 - 1443MB Toshiba HDD2731 - 1083MB |darrenr |п▓ п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╬я┌я│я▀п╩п╨п╦
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@goliath.rri-usa.org>` |п п╟п╠п╣п╩я▄ 68-pin M-M SCSI 1 п╪п╣я┌я─ (п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧) |mwlucas |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Simon Chang <schang@quantumslipstream.net>` |п■п╡я┐я┘п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫я▀п╧ Pentium Pro 200MHz (п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ CPU п╦ VRM), 128 MB RAM 10-GB IDE hard disk drive, IDE CD-ROM drive, п╬п╢п╦п╫ я│я┌п╟я─я▀п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ 3Com 3C509B-TPO |will |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`gj` |pc164 (Alpha) |sos |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Michael Hembo <hembo@micron.dk>` |4 * 512 MB PC133 SIMM (п╢п╩я▐ ftp.FreeBSD.org) |jesper |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`trhodes` |40GB IDE HDD |rwatson |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`jesper п╬я┌ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦ TDC Tele Danmark` |AlphaStation 255/233 |sos |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`<Aaron.Schroeder@qg.com>` |384MB RAM п╢п╩я▐ AlphaStation 500 |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`DEC/Compaq` |AS2100 SMP |trevor |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko, п╬я┌ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦ Compaq` |DS10 |murray, obrien, п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧ |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko, п╬я┌ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦ HP` |AlphaServer 1000A |markm |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Rolf Huisman` |п°п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ Abit BP6 я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ п╢п╡я┐я┘ CPU |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Stefan Molnar <stefan@csudsu.com>` |Sun X6540A п╢п╡я┐я┘п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Symbios 53C876 SCSI (w/FCode) |jake |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п÷я─п╦п╡п╬п╢ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ Hitachi ATAPI CDR-7730 |sos |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п°п╬п╢я┐п╩я▄ DEC Alpha PWS 2MB B-cache |gallatin |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п║п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─я▀ fxp(4), xl(4), pcn(4), dc(4); Adaptec AHA-2940UW; п╨п╟п╠п╣п╩я▄ Sun HD/68-pin UW-SCSI |jake |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п÷п╣я─п╣п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ KVM |kris |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п²п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╬п╡ AMD Athlon Slot-A 8[05]0 MHz |gshapiro,gj,fjoe,wilko,mdodd |п╡я│я▒ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |AMD Athlon Slot-A 800 MHz CPU + п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ Gigabyte GA-7IXE + 256 MB RAM |kris |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п║п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ 2x550 MHz Pentium-III я│ 256MB RAM, CDROM, п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╦п╪п╦ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╪п╦ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╟п╪п╦ |scottl |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п⌠я─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─я▀ AGP nVidia GeForce2 Pro, GeForce 256, Riva TNT2, Riva TNT. п⌠я─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─я▀ PCI nVidia GeForce2 MX400, MX200, TNT2. |mdodd |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п■п╡п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╩п╣п╨я┌п╟ Sun SPARCengine AXi "Panther" 300MHz UltraSparc-IIi я│ 256MB RAM, п╢п╦я│п╨ 9GB SCSI UW |п■п╩я▐ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD.org п╦ scottl |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫я▀
+|`obrien` |Sun Ultra-1 я│ 128MB RAM, CDROM, п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╪ 2GB SCA |scottl |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п■п╡п╟ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ Ethernet-п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╟ fxp(4), п╬п╢п╦п╫ pcn(4) |rwatson |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |AMD Slot-A 900 MHz CPU + п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ Gigabyte GA-7IXE + 128MB RAM + п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ 10 GB п╦ 8 GB IDE + 3Com 905c-TX + пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ nVidia GeForce2 GTS 64MB AGP |jake |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |Matrox G400 AGP я│ п╢п╡я┐п╪я▐ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢п╟п╪п╦, 2x Celeron 366 п°п⌠я├ socket-370, п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─ Athlon 900 Slot-A, п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ PC100 DIMM |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ Adaptec 3940UW |njl |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫
+|`obrien` |п╢п╡п╟ п╥п╡я┐п╨п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╟ Aureal Vortex 2 |des п╦ petef |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫я▀
+|`obrien` |п©п╟я─п╟ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╬п╡ AMD Opteron 246 |kan |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п©п╟я─п╟ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╬п╡ AMD Opteron 244 |phk |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |AMD Opteron 244 CPU |sos |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п²п╟я│я┌п╬п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─ AMD Athlon64: 3400+ CPU, 512MB RAM, п╤я▒я│я┌п╨п╦п╧ п╢п╦я│п╨ IDE, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ 3Com 3c905c, п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢ DVD-ROM, пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ nVidia AGP, п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢ пЁп╦п╠п╨п╦я┘ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡, п╨п╬я─п©я┐я│, п╠п╩п╬п╨ п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐ |kris |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п²п╟я│я┌п╬п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─ AMD Athlon64: 3200+ CPU, 512MB DDR333 RAM, п╢п╡п╟ п╤я▒я│я┌п╨п╦я┘ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟ 60GB IDE, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ 3Com 3c996b gigE, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ 3Com 3c905c NIC, п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢ DVD-ROM, пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ nVidia GeForce2 GTS AGP, п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢ пЁп╦п╠п╨п╦я┘ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡, п╨п╬я─п©я┐я│, п╠п╩п╬п╨ п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐ |bde (п©п╣я─п╣я│п╩п╟п╫п╬ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ peter) |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |AMD Athlon XP 2800+ Barton CPU |bde (п©п╣я─п╣я│п╩п╟п╫п╬ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ peter) |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |я┬п╣я│я┌я▄ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ 9GB SCSI LVD (2 SCA, 4 68-pin) |scottl |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п°п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ DEC Alpha 164SX, PC164SX 533 MHz CPU, 128MB ECC PC100 RAM, п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ Adaptec AHA-2940UW SCSI, пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Matrox PCI |ru |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬ (marks п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟п╩ п╦п╥ я─я┐п╨ п╡ я─я┐п╨п╦ п╡ .nl, п©п╣я─п╣я│п╩п╟п╫п╬ ru я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ wilko)
+|`obrien` |п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─ AMD Opteron 850 |ru |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п©п╟я─п╟ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╬п╡ AMD Athlon-MP 2400+ CPUs, п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ Tyan K7 Thunder, п╠п╩п╬п╨ п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐, 1MB DDR266 DIMM |imp |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |AMD Athlon64 3000+ CPU |murray |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |AMD Athlon64 3200+ CPU |davidxu |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ MSI AMD Athlon Slot-A, я└п╬я─п╪-я└п╟п╨я┌п╬я─ ATX |trhodes |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─ AMD Opteron 150, п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ ASUS SK8N, 2GB RAM, DVD-ROM |krion |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`gordont` |Sun Ultra-2 SMP 400 MHz я│ 1GB RAM, п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ 2x 4GB SCA |jake |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`gordont` |Sun Ultra-2 200 MHz я│ 512MB RAM, п╢п╦я│п╨ 2GB SCA |obrien |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Nick Jeffrey <nick@jeffrey.com>` |п■п╦я│п╨п╦ 2x 9GB SCA SCSI |jake |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`kan` |п⌠я─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Matrox Millenium II PCI |nsouch |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko` |Winbond ISDN-п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ |hm |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko` |21264/550 EV6 Alpha CPU |obrien |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko` |Athlon 850 Slot-A, 64MB DIMM |fjoe |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`NcFTP Software / Mike         Gleason <mgleason@ncftp.com>` |п⌡п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▐ п╫п╟ NcFTPd Server п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD.org |jesper |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Michael Dexter` |п÷я─п╦п╡п╬п╢ Yamaha SCSI CDRW |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko` |Cologne Chip Design PCI ISDN-п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ п╦ Compaq ISA ISDN-п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ |hm |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@rri-usa.org>` |п▓п╦п╫я┤п╣я│я┌п╣я─ IBM Travelstar DJSA-210 п╢п╩я▐ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©п╟, 10.06GB |jesper |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`mbr` |п▓п╦п╫я┤п╣я│я┌п╣я─ п╡ 10 пЁп╦пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌ |sos |п·п╤п╦п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╬я┌я│я▀п╩п╨п╦
+|`The Open Group` |п п╫п╦пЁп╦ п╦ CD-п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ я│ Single UNIX(R) Specification (Version 3). |mike (п╦ -standards) |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@rri-usa.org>` |SoundBlaster 128 PCI |mike |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Matt Douhan <mdouhan@fruitsalad.org>` |п■п╡п╟ п╩п╣п╫я┌п╬я┤п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╟ Sony AIT-1 |will |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@rri-usa.org>` |Toshiba MK6411MAT, 6495MB |des |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko, п╬я┌ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦ HP` |AlphaServer 1000A |phk |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`brueffer` |п║п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ SMC Etherpower II (tx) |mux |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Mike Tancsa, Sentex` |2 я┐п╢п╟п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀: +
+*releng4.sentex.ca:* Intel Celeron CPU 2.00GHz (2000.35-MHz 686-class CPU) real memory = 528416768 (516032K bytes), 19595MB QUANTUM FIREBALLP LM20.5 UDMA66 +
+*releng5.sentex.ca:* Intel Pentium III/Pentium III Xeon/Celeron (866.38-MHz 686-class CPU) real memory = 796852224 (759 MB), 19595MB QUANTUM FIREBALLP LM20.5 UDMA66 |п п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п▒п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD (nectar) |п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌я│я▐
+|`Mike Tancsa <mike@sentex.net>` |п║п╪п╟я─я┌-п╨п╟я─я┌я▀ IBM (PCMCIA п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п©п╬я─я┌) |des |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`fenner` |п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ ISA-п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ AST FourPort/XN |jwd |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Ryan Petersen <rpetersen@4imprint.com>` |Sun Microsystems Sparc Ultra 5 |п п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─ FreeBSD.org |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Chris Knight <chris@e-easy.com.au>` |п°п╬п╢п╣п╪ 56K PCMCIA Data/Fax |trhodes |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wes` |п■п╡я┐я┘п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫п╟я▐ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ п╢п╩я▐ Intel Celeron |des |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Craig Rodrigues <rodrigc@attbi.com>` |ATI Graphics Xpression PCI 2 MB |nsouch |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Gregory P. Smith <greg@electricrain.com>` |DEC Alpha PC164SX mobo+CPU, 2x 64MB ECC DIMM's, п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ UW SCSI, 10/100 NIC |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`gallatin` |п║п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ Alpha 433au |will |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Brian Cunnie <brian@cunnie.com>` |п⌡п╣п╫я┌п╬я┤п╫я▀п╧ scsi-п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢ DDS-3 (12GB raw/24GB compr), SCSI-я┌п╣я─п╪п╦п╫п╟я┌п╬я─, п╨п╟п╠п╣п╩я▄ SCSI (50-pin hi-density single-ended) п╦ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╩п╣п╫я┌ DDS-3. |kris |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`unfurl` |п■п╡я┐я┘п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ Pentium 550MHz |rwatson |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`James Pace <jepace@pobox.com>` |HP Omnibook 4000 ct 4/100 п╦ HP Omnibook 5000 cts 5/90 model 1200 |imp |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`murray` |п▒я┐п╪п╟п╤п╫п╟я▐ п╨п╬п©п╦я▐ Docbook: The Definite Guide |ceri |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Christoph Franke <Franke.Christoph@gmx.de>` |1.5GB SyJet |gj |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Christoph Franke <Franke.Christoph@gmx.de>` |п▓п╦п╫я┤п╣я│я┌п╣я─ IBM DDRS-39130 SCSI LVD/SE |des |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Christoph Franke <Franke.Christoph@gmx.de>` |п▓п╦п╫я┤п╣я│я┌п╣я─ IBM DDRS-34560 SCSI SE, п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢ Plextor PX-20TSi SCSI CDROM |ru |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Christoph Franke <Franke.Christoph@gmx.de>` |IOMEGA Zip Drive SCSI 100 MB (п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п╢п╡п╟ п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▐) |phk |п▓я▀я│п╩п╟п╫п╬
+|`ETEK, Chalmers` |Compaq XP1000: DECchip 21264A-9 667MHz, 640MB RAM |obrien |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`ceri` |п╔п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╧ 4-п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪я┐п╫п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ PCI |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Mike Ray` |п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ п©п╬ п╪п╦п╨я─п╬п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─я┐ MIPS R4000 |jmallett |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko` |3 п╢п╦я│п╨п╟ FC |phk |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko, п╬я┌ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦ HP` |AlphaServer 4100 |ticso |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko, п╬я┌ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦ HP` |AlphaStation 200 |ceri |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Brian Cunnie <brian@cunnie.com>` |п■п╦я│п╨ 40+gb IDE |eric |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Jared_Valentine@3com.com` |п я─п╦п©я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ (pci, pcmcia, п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─я▀ cardbus, CPU я│п╬ п╡я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ я┬п╦я└я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, 3Com 3CR990, 3CRFW102/103 PC Cards w/ 3DES |sam |п▓я▀я│п╩п╟п╫п╬?
+|`Jared_Valentine@3com.com` |3Com XJack Wireless PC Card |imp |п▓я▀я│п╩п╟п╫п╬?
+|`Jared_Valentine@3com.com` |п░п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ 3Com 3XP 3CR990-TX Typhoon txp(4) |will |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Jared_Valentine@3com.com` |п║п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ 3com 3CXFE575CT Cardbus |arved |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko, п╬я┌ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦ HP` |AlphaServer 4100 |Fruitsalad.org; п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ KDE |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`David Leimbach <leimy2k@mac.com>` |п·п╢п╦п╫ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ SATA |sos |п▓я▀я│п╩п╟п╫п╬?
+|`David Leimbach <leimy2k@mac.com>` |G3 (я│п╦п╫п╦п╧ п╦ п╠п╣п╩я▀п╧) п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ PPC |obrien |п▓я▀я│п╩п╟п╫п╬?
+|`Gavin Atkinson <gavin.atkinson@ury.york.ac.uk>` |п■п╦я│п╨п╦ 2 x 8gb IDE |brueffer |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Jonathan Drews <j.e.drews@att.net>` |п²п╬п╡п╟я▐ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟, 1GB DDR2100 RAM, SCSI-п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ LSI Logic Ultra160 п╦ п╢п╡п╟ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟ 18GB Maxtor 10K III п╢п╩я▐ cvsup12.FreeBSD.org п╬п╠я─п╟п╥я├п╟ 2003 пЁп╬п╢п╟ |will |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Jim Dutton <jimd@siu.edu>` |512MB DDR2100 RAM |will |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`www.servercommunity.de` |2 IDE 3.5" 40GB п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫ FreeBSD/alpha |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Mike Miller` |п■п╡я┐я┘п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫я▀п╧ HP Kayak XU (п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ D8430T) Pentium III 450MHz, 512MB RAM, 36GB, 15krpm IBM OEM SCSI-п╢п╦я│п╨, п╡п╦п╢п╣п╬п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Matrox G200, пЁп╦пЁп╟п╠п╦я┌п╫я▀п╧ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Intel п╦ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ 10/100, Intel п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п╪п╦п╨я─п╬я│я┘п╣п╪ 440BX |deischen |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Linuxtag FreeBSD Team` |п║п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Adaptec ANA 62022 |mux |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Robin Brocks <robin.brocks@gmx.de>` |п■п╡п╟ 256MB registered ECC PC133 DIMMs |tmm |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Michael Dexter` |пёя│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ Towitoko п╦ я┌я─п╦ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╟ я┬п╦я└я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐. |des |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Michael Dexter` |п║я┐п╠п╫п╬я┐я┌п╠я┐п╨ Sony VAIO |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Michael Dexter` |п п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ HPT1540 SATA RAID, п╥п╟пЁп╩я┐я┬п╨п╦ PATA-SATA, п╢п╡п╟ ATA п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─п╟ Sil0680 + Promise |sos |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`www.servercommunity.de` |п÷п╬ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╪я┐ я█п╨п╥п╣п╪п©п╩я▐я─я┐ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╬п╡: SIS 900, Dec 21143, NatSem 83820 |mbr |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫я▀
+|`Intel Corporation` |п п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╟я▐ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▐ п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я┌п╬я─ Intel C/C++ |п п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─ FreeBSD.org (netchild) |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╟
+|`wilko` |ATM-п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Fore |des |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫
+|`www.servercommunity.de` |20-п⌠п╠п╟п╧я┌п╫я▀п╧ п╤я▒я│я┌п╨п╦п╧ п╢п╦я│п╨ п╢п╩я▐ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©п╟ IBM |trhodes |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫
+|`www.servercommunity.de` |п п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─ Pentium 4, 2,4 GHz, FSB800, 1 GB RAM Samsung PC3200, Altec DVD 16x/48x, 80 GB Maxtor IDE ATA133 (п╠/я┐), 2 * 80 GB Maxtor SATA as RAID0, пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ - п╨п╩п╬п╫ ATI Radeon 9200SE, 3,5" TEAC floppy, я│п╡п╣я─я┘я┌п╦я┘п╦п╧ п╠п╩п╬п╨ п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐ 420 Watt ATX be quit!, п╨п╬я─п©я┐я│ Athena CM03. |netchild |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫
+|`Joe Altman` |п≈п╡я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ PCI |kris |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann GbR` |п■п╡п╟ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟ UltraSparc-II 300MHz (X1191A) |obrien |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫я▀
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann` |128MB PC133 Registered ECC DIMM п╢п╩я▐ Sun Blade 100 |obrien |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann` |4x 128MB PC100 Registered ECC DIMM п╢п╩я▐ Alpha UP2000 |obrien |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann` |п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ G4Port п╢п╩я▐ Apple G4 |obrien |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann` |п п╬п╫п╡п╣я─я┌п╬я─ Sun 13W3 (male) п╡ VGA 15pin (female) |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann GbR` |1 я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Intel EtherExpress 100, bulk, п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ +
+1 Seagate ST380011A, 80 GB IDE, п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ +
+1 п╨п╟п╠п╣п╩я▄ 50 PIN SCSI, п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ +
+1 Adaptec 2940 UW, п╠/я┐, п©я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ +
+1 Seagate Streamer Travan 20 GB, п╠/я┐, п©я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ +
+1 compu-shack SSW-503 5 port switch, 100 Mbit, п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ + |lioux |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann GbR` |8 п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╣п╧ GBic copper, FDDI-п╨п╬п╫я├п╣п╫я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─ п╦ п╢п╡п╟ п╨п╟п╠п╣п╩я▐ |phk |п°п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦ 8GBic п©п╣я─п╣я│я▀п╩п╟я▌я┌я│я▐, п╬я│я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann` |п≈п╟п╪п╣п╫п╟ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╬п╧ п©п╩п╟я┌я▀ SGI 1100 |rwatson |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Artem Koltsov <email@NOSPAM.onepost.net>` |1 PC100 128MB dimm |njl |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫
+|`Artem Koltsov <email@NOSPAM.onepost.net>` |п░п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ ATA100 PCI Card2 я│ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦ IDE п╦ п╨п╟п╠п╣п╩я▐п╪п╦ IDE 100, Ultra100, PROMISE TECHNOLOGY, ULTRA100 |petef |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Artem Koltsov <email@NOSPAM.onepost.net>` |SDRAM DIMM 128MB PC133 CL2, Micron Technology, CT16M64S4D7E.16T SDRAM DIMM 128MB PC133, SDRAM DIMM 128MB PC100, Motherboard S1598 Socket 7 with AMD K6 450MHz + IDE Cables, Trinity ATX, Tyan and AMD, S1598, and an IBM HDD IDE 9.1GB, DJNA-370910 |fjoe |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Artem Koltsov <email@NOSPAM.onepost.net>` |A PS2 Mouse 2 Buttons, M-S34,Compaq, 166861-001 and a PS2 Mouse 3 Buttons, M-CAC64, Labtec, 851680-0000 |mikeh |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫я▀
+|`Dynacom Tankers Mgmt LTD` |Sun Ultra 10 |mux |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Jon <juostaus@yahoo.com>` |Samsung 8x8x32 CDRW |rwatson |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫
+|`wilko` |п°п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ Abit BP6 п╡ п╨п╬п╪п©п╩п╣п╨я┌п╣ я│ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟п╪п╦ |nsouch |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╟
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |SUN SPARC Clone 4x400MHz 1GB RAM 36GB RAID System |krion |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Sten Spans` |AlphaStation 500 |philip |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`mjacob` |AlphaServer 4100 SMP |п п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─ FreeBSD п╡ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Yahoo! (я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ obrien) |п÷п╬п╨п╟ п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─
+|`trevor` |Sun Ultra 1 п╦ GDM-17E20 |jmg |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |п░п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ 13W3 Female To DB15HD Male (п╪п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─ Sun п╡ VGA) |ceri |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |"XML in a Nutshell" (O'Reilly) п╦ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ PCMCIA WLan |josef |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko` |п°п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ Digital NoName Alpha |ru |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |п▓п╫п╣я┬п╫п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▄ SCSI, 4 п╢п╦я│п╨п╟ 1.2GB SCSI |le |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Jon Noack <noackjr@alumni.rice.edu>` |п■п╡п╟ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╟ 32-bit if_em Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop |rwatson |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Remi <MrL0L@charter.net>` |Sony VAIO PCG818 |njl (п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟п╫п╬ imp п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п╬п╨п╬п╫я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐) |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦п╩ njl
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |TV-п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ BT878 PAL я│ MSP340x/MSP341x |alex |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Christoph Franke <christoph@thefranke.net>` |Pentium IV 2.0 GHz, Asus P4B266, 1 GB Ram (Infineon CL2), Adaptec 29160 SCSI Controller, Tekram DC390-U2W SCSI Controller, Seagate 36 GB 10.000rpm HDD, Plextor Ultra-Plex 40 Max SCSI CDROM, Fujitsu Gя█gaMO Drive (1,3 GB capacity incl. 4 media), Adaptec Duo Connect Firewire/USB 2.0 Controller, 3Com 905C Ethernet Card, Turtlebeach Santa Cruz Soundcard PCI, Floppy Drive, Chieftec Big Tower Case (Noise-Controlled) |mlaier |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`"scottgannon@mail.ellijay.com" <scottgannon@ellijay.com>` |slot1 600MHz P3 CPU |imp |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Oliver Fuckner <Fuckner@strato-rz.de>` |3Com 3CR990 Typhoon/Sidewinde (txp(4)) NIC. |obrien |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Sun Enterprise 450, 2x250MHz Ultra Sparc CPUs, 512MB RAM, 2x36GB (Seagate ST336705LC 5063) SCSI disk drives, 1x4GB (Seagate ST34371W SUN4.2G 7462) SCSI disk drive and a Streamer DDS3-DAT (HP C1537A), Intel PRO/1000 (em(4)) NIC |arved |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |256MB Ram (Sun Original #501-5691) |krion |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |1U Rackmount Intel Celeron 2.6GHz, 533MHz compat. motherboard, 256MB PC2100 DDR 266MHz RAM, Savage8 3D Video Accelerator, 80GB 7200rpm ATA100 IDE Harddrive, Integrated 10/100 LAN VT8233 |trhodes |п▓я▀я│п╩п╟п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Athena CM-03 case silver with be quiet! 350 Watt ATX 1.3, Asus motherboard A7V600, Athlon XP 2800+ processor with Artic copper cooling, 512 MB Ram Infineon PC3200, AOpen DVD 1648 silver, Floppy silver, Seagate ST380011A 80 GB IDE, xelo GeForce2 MX400 |josef |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`"Darrell" <skykitty@earthlink.net>` |Abit VP6 Motherboard w/raid, 2 Intel 1ghz CPUs, 1 gig PC 133 ram, Nvidia video card, Sound Blaster PCI sound card, DVD Player, CD-RW, Floppy Drive, Case, Power Supply |mikeh |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Aled Morris <aledm@qix.co.uk>` |п║п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Netgear GA302T п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ bge(4) |yar |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko` |п░п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Fore ATM |philip |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition |ceri |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Quantum Atlas 10KIII 3,5" 73,4 GB |brueffer |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Chris Knight <chris@easy-e.com.au>` |п²п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╨п╫п╦пЁ, Assembly Step-by-step, TCP Illustrated Vol.2 п╦ HTTP: The Definitive Guide. |hmp |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Hitachi 5K80 (2,5", 80 GB), USB-to-serial adapter, 5.25" enclosure with USB2 and IEEE1394 ports, IEEE1394 PCI card |netchild |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |п▓п╫п╣я┬п╫п╦п╧ п╢п╦я│п╨ 60 GB USB2 |le |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |п·п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨я┐я─я│п╟ п╢п╩я▐ EuroBSDCon |josef |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |п·п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©п╟ |ceri |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`ceri` |п■п╡я┐я┘п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫п╟я▐ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ Dual Pentium 3 п╦ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─я▀ |vs |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|http://www.netapp.com/[Network Appliance] |NetApp F825 filer with 2 terabytes of storage |п п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─ FreeBSD.org |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |2 п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▐ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ 256MB DIMM п╢п╩я▐ AlphaStation DS10 |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |4 п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▐ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ 256MB DIMM п╢п╩я▐ AlphaPC164sx |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |я█п╨п╥п╣п╪п©п╩я▐я─ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╟ ANSI T1.617-1991 |rik |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |3,5" Floppy Samsung with cable, CD-Rom Toshiba , 2 Intel XEON 1,8 GHz, socket 603 with cooler, 2 SCSI-3 68 pin-68 pin cable extern, 7 SCSI-disks 9,1 GB Seagate Barracuda ST319171 WC, 2 SCSI-disks 18,2 GB Seagate Barracuda ST318275FC fibre channel, 3 SCSI-disks 9,1 GB IBM DNES-309170 , 1 external SCSI-enclosure hot plug Chieftec CT-1034, 8 SCA-adaptors LVD, 1 QLogic fibre channel adapter, 1 Intel 1000 Pro MT NIC, 1 ICP Vortex SCSI raid controller GDT7519RN fibre channel, 1 Adaptec 39160 dual channel SCSI controller 64bit LVD, 1 SCSI-LVD 7+1 cable internal with terminator, 1 INTEL SHG2 DUAL XEON mainboard new, 2x 512MB DDR SDRAM's PC1600-CL2 Samsung M383L6420BT1-CA0 |pjd |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |1 8 port Gigabit switch Netgear GS108, 1 new system: Athlon XP 2800+, 1 GB Ram (2 * 512 GB Infineon PC 3200), AOpen DVD 1648, Athena CM03 case silver, Floppy, Asrock motherboard, GForce 4, 80 GB Seagate IDE 3,5", 353 Watt Enermaxx power supply. |mux |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |1 NetGear GA302 |jesper |п▓я▀я│п╩п╟п╫п╬
+|`David <dave@hauan.org>` |1 Alpha Motherboard |kensmith |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko` |п⌠я─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Sun Creator3D UPA |trhodes |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|http://www.tunix.nl/[Tunix B.V.] |ATX tabletop case for my AlphaPC 164sx |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |п°п╬п╢я┐п╩я▄ я└п╩я█я┬-п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ 16Mb п╢п╩я▐ Cisco |rik |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Cisco 2600 (64M memory/8M flash) + X.21 cable |rik |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |п·п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ п©п╬я│п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ EuroBSDCon 2004 |brueffer |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Gavin Atkinson <gavin.atkinson at ury.york.ac.uk>` |п÷п╟я─п╟ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ fxp(4) |ceri |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |NetGear GA302T bge(4) |jesper |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`philip` |п═п╟п╠п╬я┤п╟я▐ я│я┌п╟п╫я├п╦я▐ 2x Sun Ultra10 |will |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` a|
+Hardware for laptop: Pentium III Mobile 600MHz CPU, 2 128MB PC100 SODIMM RAM, п╫п╬п╡п╟я▐ п╠п╟я┌п╟я─п╣я▐, CardBus-п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Netgear WG511T
+
+AMD64 desktop: ASUS SK8N motherboard, AMD Opteron 240 CPU, Arctic Cooling Silencer 64 Ultra TC, 2 512MB ECC RAM (Kingston), AOpen Combo drive (COM4824), 4 80GB IDE PATA, NVIDIA GeForce4 MX 440 AGP 8X video, 3.5" floppy, Athena CM03 case, 350 Watt Be Quiet! power supply, S/PDIF out module, 17" LCD monitor Acer AL1715
+
+Hardware for Alpha: 4 128MB ECC RAM (Samsung), 18GB SCSI (Fujitsu MAA3182SC) with cable
+
+Sun Ultra 30 workstation: UltraSparc-II 300MHz CPU, 512MB RAM, 4G + 18GB SCSI, keyboard, mouse, Sun monitor to VGA adapter
+
+RTL8139 Ethernet CardBus adapter, 2 Intel PRO/1000 MT desktop adapters, 5-port 100Mbps Ethernet switch
+
+Flight to Germany and entrance fee for the EuroBSDCon 2004
+
+|ru |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |2 512MB ECC RAM (Kingston), 2 80GB SATA (Maxtor DiamondMax Plus 9) for RAID1, 2 80GB PATA, NVIDIA GeForce4 MX 440 AGP 8X video, ASUS SK8N motherboard, 350 Watt Enermax SLN power supply, 3.5" floppy, Toshiba DVD-ROM, Athena CM03 case, AMD Opteron CPU, Arctic Cooling Silencer 64 TC, set of reserve coolers |phantom |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |SPEC JBB2000 benchmarking software |phantom |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |п п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─п╟ я│ я─п╟я│п╨п╩п╟п╢п╨п╬п╧ US |josef |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |Adaptec 39160 dual channel SCSI controller 64bit LVD, 36GB SCSI HDD (HITACHI DK32EJ36NSUN36G) |markus |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`philip` |п═п╟п╠п╬я┤п╟я▐ я│я┌п╟п╫я├п╦я▐ Sun Ultra10 |thierry |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |4 memory DIMMs for AlphaServer DS10 |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko` |п═п╟п╠п╬я┤п╟я▐ я│я┌п╟п╫я├п╦я▐ AlphaStation 500 5/266 |dinoex |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`philip` |п═п╟п╠п╬я┤п╟я▐ я│я┌п╟п╫я├п╦я▐ Sun Ultra10 |brueffer |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko` |п■п╦я│п╨ 2x Seagate Baracuda 9.1GB SCA SCSI |philip |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|http://www.absolight.fr/[Absolight] |п·п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦я▐ п╡ EuroBSDCon 2004 |mat |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |2x Seagate ST 380011A, 3.5" disk |clement |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |п÷п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ 8x 64M Sun |philip |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |п п╬п╪п╪я┐я┌п╟я┌п╬я─ Netgear GS608 Gigabit Ethernet |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Sebastian Trahm <inthisdefiance@gmx.net>` |п п╬п╫я├п╣п╫я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─ Specialix SX RS232 |des |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |п║п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Netgear GA302T Gigabit Ethernet |brueffer |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Jц╪rgen Dankoweit` |Madge Smart MK4 PCI Token Ring adapter |philip |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╟п╠п╣п╩я▄ Cisco 2600, NM-16A, 2x octopus |philip |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Warren Block <wblock@wonkity.com>` |Tecra 8000 |imp |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Michael Dexter` |п°п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ Apple Power Macintosh G4 |gallatin |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Michael Dexter` |NCD Explora 451 PPC Thin Client |obrien |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Juergen Dankoweit <juergen.dankoweit@t-online.de>` |п²п╣п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╧ CF-Card reader |josef |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`pav` |п■п╡п╣ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦ O'Reilly п╬п╠ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ |josef |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`ds` |em(4) compatible gigE card, 1000baseTX (copper) interface |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`keramida` |п╜п╨п╥п╣п╪п©п╩я▐я─ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦ "Cascading Style Sheets: The Definitive Guide" (O'Reilly), ISBN 0-596-00525-3. |ceri |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |PCMCIA FireWire controller |brueffer |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |IBM Laptop AC Adapter |mlaier |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |75 EUR (п╢п╩я▐ п╬п©п╩п╟я┌я▀ ISP) |josef |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |Power Battery for IBM Thinkpad T20 |glebius |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |40 Gb notebook HDD |glebius |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`maxim` |http://www.awprofessional.com/title/0201702452[The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System] |glebius |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |п·п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ п©я─п╦п╬п╠я─п╣я┌п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©п╟ |markus |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`ds` |Funds for a D-Link DWL-AG530 PCI card for ath(4) and wpa_supplicant testing. |brooks |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |UltraSPARC IIi 300MHz CPU, 4.3G SCA disk, 18.2G SCA disk. |philip |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |п·п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ SATA HDD. |ceri |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |2 Intel 100 MBit NICs, 1 be quiet! 350 Watt power supply, 1 DVD Toshiba SD-1912, 1 floppy TEAC FD-235HF, 2 Kingston KVR266X72RC25/512 (1 GB), 1 NVidia MX 4000 graphic card, 1 Ultra Silencer TC cooler, 1 AMD Opteron 144 1.8 GHz, 1 Asus SK8N mobo, 1 Seagate ST380011A HDD (80GB ATA). |clement |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |1x Sun Ultra60, 768M memory, 2x SCA disk |philip |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |AMD64 server : ASUS SK8N motherboard, AMD Opteron 144 1.8Ghz CPU, Arctic Cooling Silencer 64 Ultra TC, 2 512MB RAM (Kingston), 80GB IDE, ATI Rage 128 PRO ULTRA Video Controller |simon |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |4x Athlon MP 2400+ CPUs with HSFs |will |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |4 п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟ Opteron 844 |alc |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |4 п╢п╡я┐я┘я▐п╢п╣я─п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟ Opteron 875 |alc |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п║п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ Tyan K8W п╫п╟ п╠п╟п╥п╣ п╢п╡я┐я┘я▐п╢п╣я─п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟ Opteron 275 |alc |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |2 п╢п╡я┐я┘я▐п╢п╣я─п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟ Opteron 270, п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─ Athlon64 3200+ |kan |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |2 п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟ Opteron 252 |kensmith |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п■п╡я┐я┘я▐п╢п╣я─п╫я▀п╧ Athlon64 4600+ X2 п╦ Athlon64 3800+, п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╦п╣ п©п╩п╟я┌я▀ Gigabyte п╦ Asus PCI-express |scottl |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п╖п╣я┌я▀я─я▒я┘п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╫п╟ п╠п╟п╥п╣ п╢п╡я┐я┘я▐п╢п╣я─п╫я▀я┘ Opteron 870 |jeffr |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`will` |2x Athlon XP 2200+ CPUs with HSFs, 1 Sun Seagate 20GB HDD |obrien |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`marcus` |1 Maxtor Atlas 15K U320 8C018L0 SCSI disk for cvsup12 |will |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Jonathan Drews <jon.drews@gmail.com>` |1 copy of the "Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System" via gift certificate |will |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |4x Seagate ST173404LCV disks |philip |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |1 я█п╨п╥п╣п╪п©п╩я▐я─ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦ "The AWK Programming Language" Aho, Alfred п╦ 1 я█п╨п╥п╣п╪п©п╩я▐я─ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦ "Compilers" Aho, Alfred |krion |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|http://www.LF.net[LF.net] |Flight to Canada and accomodation fee for BSDCan 2005 |krion |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |i386 machine : Athlon XP2800+, Asus A7V600, Seagate ST 380011A IDE, 80 GB, Maxtor Diamondmax 10 120 GB, NVidia Gforce 2 MX 400, 1 GB Ram (2 x Infineon 512 MB DDR, PC 2700), Compushack 100 MBit NIC, RTL 8139 clone. |krion |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |17" monitor LCD Acer 1715-sn |krion |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko` |Pentium Pro processor and heatsink |des |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Denis Kozjak and Daniel Seuffert` |ASUS A7M266-D, 2x AMD Athlon MP 2000+, 2x CPU Fan, 512 MB RAM, 400W PSU. |marks |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |п·п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ п©я─п╦п╬п╠я─п╣я┌п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╬я┐я┌п╠я┐п╨п╟ |philip |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |Tyan Thunder SE7500WV2 dual Xeon board and 2 x 512 MB DDR PC 1600 registered DDR-ram. |Peter Holm, Denmark |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |п╓п╦п╫п╟п╫я│п╬п╡п╟я▐ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╦п╣п╥п╢п╟ п╫п╟ BSDCan. |mlaier |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Hartmut Obst <hartmut.obst@gmx.net>` |Q-Tec 5 Port Switch |mlaier |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |п░п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Netgear WG511T ath(4). |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Brennan Stehling <offwhite@gmail.com>` |п╖п╣я┌я▀я─п╣ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦ п╬ Java: The Java Virtual Machine Specification, Java Virtual Machine, Programming for the Java Virtual Machine п╦ The Java Native Interface. |glewis |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Frank Seuberth - Rentable Hardware Systeme & Consulting         <http://www.rentable-hardware.de/>` |2 п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ Sun Ultra 2 |philip |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Gary Jennejohn <gary@jennejohn.org>` |п⌡я█п©я┌п╬п© Fujitsu-Siemens Lifebook я│ п╟п╨я│п╣я│я│я┐п╟я─п╟п╪п╦. |markm |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Andreas Kohn <andreas.kohn@gmx.net>` |п░п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ DEC PBXGA "TGA". |marcel |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`ds` |п°п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ SMP я│ п╢п╡я┐п╪я▐ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟п╪п╦ Xeon 1.8GHz п╦ RAM |Peter Holm |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko` |AlphaStation 600 |ticso |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko` |Adaptec AH-2940UW |mwlucas |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |2 п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟ AMD Opteron 250 |scottl |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п■п╡я┐я┘п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫п╟я▐ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ Arima HDAMA + 2 п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟ AMD Opteron 250 |imp |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Markus Deubel <marcus.deubel@unix-resource.de>` |Sun Ultra 10 440 |marius |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Chris Elsworth <chris@shagged.org>` |Sun Fire v210 |philip |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`ceri` |п п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─п╟ Apple USB (я─п╟я│п╨п╩п╟п╢п╨п╟ US) п╢п╩я▐ п╪п╬п╣пЁп╬ Mac Mini |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`David Boyd` |SCSI-я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬, п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╤я▒я│я┌п╨п╦я┘ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡, я┌п╣я─п╪п╦п╫п╟я┌п╬я─я▀, п╨п╟п╠п╣п╩п╦ п╦ п╟п╨я│п╣я│я│я┐п╟я─я▀ |mwlucas |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Mark <markh60@verizon.net>` |п п╬п╪п╪я┐я┌п╟я┌п╬я─ Cisco Catalyst 1900 |trhodes |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Alexis Lц╙-Quц╢c         <alq666@gmail.com>` |п·п╢п╦п╫ я█п╨п╥п╣п╪п©п╩я▐я─ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦ "The Elements of Typographic Style" by Robert Bringhurst, Hartley & Marks Publishers; 3rd edition (2004). ISBN: 0-88179-206-3. |blackend |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Sun W. Kim from tekgems.com` |п⌠п╦пЁп╟п╠п╦я┌п╫я▀п╧ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ |jcamou |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Mark <markh60@verizon.net>` |п п╬п╪п╪я┐я┌п╟я┌п╬я─ CISCO 1900 Series |trhodes |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |2 п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟ AMD Opteron 275 |mlaier |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`obrien` |п°п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ AMD64 п╦ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─ Athlon64 3400 |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Joe Altman <fj at panix dot com>` |п°п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ ASUS п╦ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─ P-III я│ 512M; 2 пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╟; я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╤я▒я│я┌п╨п╦п╣ п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ |linimon |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko` |п°п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ AlphaStation 500 DIMM |ticso |п▓я▀я│п╩п╟п╫п╬
+|`imp` |п╖п╣я┌я▀я─я▒я┘п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡я▀п╧ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Znyx dc(4) |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Serge Vakulenko <vak at cronyx dot ru>` |Cronyx Tau-PCI/32 |rik |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann` |п·п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ п╤я▒я│я┌п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟ п╦ USB-п╠п╩п╬п╨п╟ |cperciva |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann` |Logitech Cordless Desktop MX5000 Laser |markus |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann` |п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─: п╗п╟я│я│п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я│я┌п╬п╧п╨я┐ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я─п╟ 1U, Intel Entry Server Board S845WD1-E, п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─ Pentium 4 2.53 GHz, 2 512MB RAM, 2 150GB PATA |FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Tamouh H. <tamouh@mediumcube.com>` |п▒п╩п╬п╨ п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐ PC |kris |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Sten Spans <sten@blinkenlights.nl>` |п░п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ em(4) GbE |wilko |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`Chidananda Jayakeerti <ajchida@gmail.com>` |п²п╟я│я┌п╬п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─ AMD Athlon64: п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ ECS Nforce 4, п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─ AMD Athlon64 3500+, 512MB DDR 400, 200GB SATA, 16x DVD-ROM, пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ 8MB AGP |glewis |п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╬
+|`wilko` |AlphaPC164sx, п·п≈пё 512MB, п╢п╦я│п╨ 4.5GB SCSI, Qlogic SCSI HBA |dunstan |п▓я▀я│п╩п╟п╫п╬
+|===
diff --git a/website/content/ru/donations/wantlist.adoc b/website/content/ru/donations/wantlist.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..831c276ec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/donations/wantlist.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+---
+title: "п÷п╣я─п╣я┤п╣п╫я▄ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ FreeBSD п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐"
+sidenav: about
+--- 
+
+= п÷п╣я─п╣я┤п╣п╫я▄ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ FreeBSD п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐
+
+п²п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫я▀ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╡ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╥п╟п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╡ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╣ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐ п╨п╟п╨п╬п╣-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦п╥ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟.
+
+п°я▀ я┐п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣п╪ п╦п╪я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ FreeBSD я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪я┐ п╫я┐п╤п╣п╫ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│, я│я┌я─п╟п╫я┐, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╬п╫ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ (п╢п╩я▐ я├п╣п╩п╣п╧ п©п╣я─п╣я│я▀п╩п╨п╦), я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣п╪п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я┤п╣пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐.
+
+п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬п╠ я┐п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╫п╟п╩п╬пЁп╬п╡я▀я┘ п╡я▀п©п╩п╟я┌ п╦ п╡я│я▒п╪ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╣, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../#donating[п╕п╣п╫я┌я─п╟ п÷п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ FreeBSD].
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╥п╟я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬ п╦п╥-я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╫п╟п©п╦я┬п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ donations@FreeBSD.org.
+
+п▓п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣ пЁп╬п╡п╬я─я▐, п╫п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫я▀ я─п╟п╥п╫п╬п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╫я▀п╣ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ Sparc 64 п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦ я┐я│п╬п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ п╫п╟ Sparc. п■п╟п╤п╣ я│п╩п╟п╠я▀п╣, я│я┌п╟я─я▀п╣ (п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣!) п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ Sparc 64 п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌. п²п╣ п╡п╟п╤п╫п╬, п╡ п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧ п╡я▀ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣, я┐ п╫п╟я│ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ пЁп╟я─п╟п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧п╢я▒я┌я│я▐ п╨я┌п╬-я┌п╬, п╨я┌п╬ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я█я┌п╦п╪ п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐. п▓ п║п╗п░ п╪я▀ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣п╪ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ Sparc п╢п╩я▐ п╪п╬п╫я┌п╟п╤п╟ п╡ я│я┌п╬п╧п╨я┐ 1U (я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣, п╨п╟п╨ E220R, E420R, Fire V100, Fire V120 п╦п╩п╦ Netra T1 AC200) п╡ п╫п╟я┬п╦я┘ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╟я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╦ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧.
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",]
+|===
+|ID я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟ |п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟ |п╒я─п╣п╠я┐п╣п╪п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ |п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐
+|anholt |п║п╗п░ |п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬п╣ пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ Intel i8xx |я│п╬п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ X п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│ DRI
+|arved |п░п╡я│я┌я─п╦я▐ |2 п╫п╣п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪я┐я┌п╟я┌п╬я─п╟ я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ VLAN, п╨ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я┐, Cisco 2940-8TT |пёп╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢п╬п╡ п╡ п╪п╬п╣п╧ п╨п╡п╟я─я┌п╦я─п╣. п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╨п╬п╪п╪я┐я┌п╟я┌п╬я─п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣пЁп╬ я┤п╦я│п╩п╟ я┌п╣я│я┌п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫
+|blackend |п╓я─п╟п╫я├п╦я▐ |п п╫п╦пЁп╟ "The Elements of Typographic Style" by Robert Bringhurst. Hartley & Marks Publishers; 2nd edition (2002). ISBN: 0-88179-1326. |пёп╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╡ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌п╦, п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╫п╟ п╟п╫пЁп╩п╦п╧я│п╨п╬п╪ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╣, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╫п╟я┬п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟ я┌п╦п©п╬пЁя─п╟я└я│п╨п╦п╪ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╟п╪.
+|des |п²п╬я─п╡п╣пЁп╦я▐ |Mac Mini я│ 1 п⌠п╠п╟п╧я┌п╬п╪ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п╦ п╠п╣п╥ п©п╣я─п╦я└п╣я─п╦п╧п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ |Tinderbox
+|des |п²п╬я─п╡п╣пЁп╦я▐ |п■п╡п╟ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟ 36GB 10K RPM 68-pin SCSI |п≈п╟п╪п╣п╫п╟ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╪ п╦п╥ я│я┌я─п╬я▐ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟п╪ п╡ п╪п╬я▒п╪ п©п╬я┤я┌п╬п╡п╬п╪ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣ п╫п╟ п╠п╟п╥п╣ Alpha
+|des |п²п╬я─п╡п╣пЁп╦я▐ |Opteron CPU |п п╬п╪п©п╩п╣п╨я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╬п╧ п©п╩п╟я┌я▀ п╠п╣п╥ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟
+|des |п²п╬я─п╡п╣пЁп╦я▐ |п⌡я▌п╠п╬п╣ USB-я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬п╣ п╫п╟ п╪п╦п╨я─п╬я│я┘п╣п╪п╣ п╪п╬я│я┌п╟ Cypress CY7C637xx / CY7C640/1xx USB to RS232. |п■п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╟ ucycom
+|des |п²п╬я─п╡п╣пЁп╦я▐ |п⌡я▌п╠п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п╟я┐я┌п╣п╫я┌п╦я└п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╦ (USB-п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦, я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╪п╟я─я┌-п╨п╟я─я┌, я│п╪п╟я─я┌-п╨п╟я─я┌я▀, я│п╨п╟п╫п╣я─я▀ п╬я┌п©п╣я┤п╟я┌п╨п╬п╡ п©п╟п╩я▄я├п╣п╡ п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣) + п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ |п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬п╧ п╟я┐я┌п╣п╫я┌п╦я└п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╦
+|dfr |п▓п╣п╩п╦п╨п╬п╠я─п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐ |п░п╫п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я┌п╬я─ я┬п╦п╫я▀ firewire, п╤п╣п╩п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ 1394b, п╬п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ 1394a я┌п╬п╤п╣ п©п╬п╢п╬п╧п╢я▒я┌. |п╬я┌п╩п╟п╢п╨п╟ п╦ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ firewire, п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬ IP п©п╬п╡п╣я─я┘ firewire
+|glebius |п°п╬я│п╨п╡п╟, п═п╬я│я│п╦я▐ |п║я┌п╟я─п╟я▐ SMP-п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╟: PPro, PII п╦п╩п╦ я│я┌п╟я─я▀п╧ PIII. п·п╢п╫п╟ п╦п╥ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ п©я▀п╩п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╡п╟я┬п╦я┘ п©п╬п╩п╨п╟я┘. п·п╫п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╠п╣п╥ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п╦ п╤я▒я│я┌п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐ п©я─п╦п╬п╠я─п╣я│я┌п╦ я│п╟п╪п╬я│я┌п╬я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬. п·п╫п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╢п╟п╤п╣ п╠п╣п╥ п╨п╬я─п©я┐я│п╟. |п°п╫п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я─п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ SMP-п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╠п╩п╬п╨п╦я─п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╡ п©п╬п╢я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ netgraph(4) п╦ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╦ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╦я┘ я┐п╥п╩п╬п╡.
+|grehan |п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦я▐, п║п╗п░ |Apple G4 XServe |п°п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ п╡ я│я┌п╬п╣я┤п╫п╬п╪ п╦я│п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╦ я│ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╬п╪ PowerPC п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡.
+|hmp |п▓п╣п╩п╦п╨п╬п╠я─п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐ |п▒п╣я│п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╪п╟я─я┬я─я┐я┌п╦п╥п╟я┌п╬я─ (802.11b/g), п╡ п╦п╢п╣п╟п╩п╣ п╣я┴я▒ п╢п╡п╟ п╠п╣я│п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ USB-п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╟. |п╜п╨я│п©п╣я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│ п╠п╣я│п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢п╫я▀п╪п╦ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я▐п╪п╦ п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п╡ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╫п╟ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╣ п╪п╣я│я┌п╬ п╤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄я│я┌п╡п╟.
+|hmp |п▓п╣п╩п╦п╨п╬п╠я─п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐ |п п╫п╦пЁп╦: Extreme Programming Explained (2nd Edition) п╦ Planning Extreme Programming. |п═п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╬п╠ я█п╨я│я┌я─п╣п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦.
+|imp |п║п╗п░ |п·п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ pccard п╫п╟ п╠п╟п╥п╣ EISA |п·п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╟ pccard я│ EISA
+|imp |п║п╗п░ |п▒п╣я│п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢п╫п╟я▐ п╨п╟я─я┌п╟ 3Com Xjack |п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╟
+|jake |п п╟п╫п╟п╢п╟ |п■п╡п╟ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟ 450MHz UltraSPARC II |п▒п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╠я▀я│я┌я─я▀п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ sparc64
+|jake |п п╟п╫п╟п╢п╟ |п║п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п╦п╩п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╟я▐ я│я┌п╟п╫я├п╦я▐ Sun я│ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟п╪п╦ UltraSPARCIII CPU, Blade 1000, Blade 2000, V280R, V480 п╦п╩п╦ V880, п╤п╣п╩п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я│ 2 CPU |п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ Sparc64 UltraSPARCIII
+|jesper |п▓п╣п╩п╦п╨п╬п╠я─п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐ |п╔п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─я▀ Gigabit Ethernet, п╤п╣п╩п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я│ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╬п╪ 1000baseSX, п╫п╬ п©п╬п╢п╬п╧п╢я▒я┌ п╦ 1000baseT |п≈п╟п╪п╣я─я▀ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╟ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬п╡ / я┌п╬п╫п╨п╟я▐ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╟
+|[#jkoshy-1]#jkoshy# |п▒п╟п╫пЁп╟п╩п╬я─, п≤п╫п╢п╦я▐ |AlphaServer DS10 |(1) п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ (п╡ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, Standard ML of New Jersey). +
+(2) п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п©я─п╬я└п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ я│я┤я▒я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡. +
+(3) пёя┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╢ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ FreeBSD/alpha.
+|[#jkoshy-3]#jkoshy# |п▒п╟п╫пЁп╟п╩п╬я─, п≤п╫п╢п╦я▐ |п°п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ Intel P-II/P-III |п═п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п©я─п╬я└п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ п©п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.
+|jmallett |п⌠п╬п╫п╬п╩я┐п╩я┐, п⌠п╟п╡п╟п╧п╦, п║п╗п░ |Sun Ultra5 п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╣я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫п╬п╣ |п╒п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╨ п╫п╟ sparc64.
+|jmallett |п⌠п╬п╫п╬п╩я┐п╩я┐, п⌠п╟п╡п╟п╧п╦, п║п╗п░ |п·я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╠я▀я│я┌я─я▀п╧ п╦ п╫п╣п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─ Alpha |п╒п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╨ п╫п╟ Alpha, п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╟я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╫п╟п╢ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ Alpha.
+|johan |п╗п╡п╣я├п╦я▐ |TFT-п╪п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я─п╬п╪ 17++ п╢я▌п╧п╪п╬п╡ я│ п╨п╬п╫п╫п╣п╨я┌п╬я─п╟п╪п╦ D-Sub п╦ DVI-D. |п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╧я│я▐ я┐ п╪п╣п╫я▐ п╪п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟п╣я┌ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╥ я│я┌я─п╬я▐.
+|jwd |п║п╗п░, п║п╣п╡п╣я─п╫п╟я▐ п п╟я─п╬п╩п╦п╫п╟ |Cyclades TS800/1000 (п╦п╩п╦ п╣пЁп╬ п╟п╫п╟п╩п╬пЁ) |п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╣ rtp.FreeBSD.org
+|kris |п╒п╬я─п╬п╫я┌п╬, п п╟п╫п╟п╢п╟ |п▒п╩п╬п╨ п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐ ATX12V (я│ п╨п╬п╫п╫п╣п╨я┌п╬я─п╟п╪п╦ п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐ 20+4 pin) |п≈п╟п╪п╣п╫п╟ п╡я▀я┬п╣п╢я┬п╣пЁп╬ п╦п╥ я│я┌я─п╬я▐ п╠п╩п╬п╨п╟ п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ п╫п╟ п╠п╟п╥п╣ Athlon64.
+|lioux |п▒я─п╟п╥п╦п╩п╦я▐ |п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─ AMD K6 450п°п⌠я├ п╦п╩п╦ п╡я▀я┬п╣. п║п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪я┐я┌п╟я┌п╬я─ 10/100 п°п╠п╦я┌. п║п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Intel EtherExpress PCI 10/100 п°п╠п╦я┌ |п▓п╬п╥п╡я─п╟я┌ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ K6 я│п╫п╬п╡п╟ п╡ п╬п╫п╩п╟п╧п╫ п╦ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╣я▒ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┌п╣я─п╪п╦п╫п╟п╩п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╬п╪п╟я┬п╫п╣п╧ п⌡п▓п║ FreeBSD
+|lioux |п▒я─п╟п╥п╦п╩п╦я▐ |п п╫п╦пЁп╦ п©п╬ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ п╦п╥ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я┌п╣п╪: п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡я┴п╦п╨ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╟ (я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п©я─п╬п©я┐я│п╨п╫п╬п╧ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦/п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟я┤п╦), п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬п╡, п╬п╠я┴п╟я▐ я┌п╣п╬я─п╦я▐ п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬п╡, п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨п╦ (п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│я┐п╪п╪я▀, п╡ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬п╣ п╦я┘ п╡я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┤п╟я│я┌п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬п╡я─п╣п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟; п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╢п╣я─п╣п╡я▄я▐ я┌п╦п©п╬п╡ tiger п╦ sha1), п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╡я─п╣п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦ п╡п╬я│я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ (я└п╟п╧п╩я▀, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩я▀ п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣), я─п╟я│п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╡я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ (п©я─п╬п╥я─п╟я┤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄, п╪п╦пЁя─п╟я├п╦я▐, п╦п╥п╠я▀я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄, п©п╬п╡я┌п╬я─п╫п╬п╣ я─п╟п╥п╠п╦п╣п╫п╦п╣, п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣, п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟я┤п╟ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╧, я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪п╟я▐ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣), я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я▐ п©п╦я─п╦п╫пЁп╬п╡я▀я┘ я│п╣я┌п╣п╧, я┌п╣п╬я─п╦я▐ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ |пёя│п╦п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╪п╬п╦я┘ п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╬п╠ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘ п╦ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘/я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я▐я┘ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╫п╬п╧ п╫п╟я┐п╨п╦. п  п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я┐, я▐ я┘п╬я┤я┐ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦п╫я┐я┌я▀п╧ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD (п©п╬я─я┌я▀ п╦ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌), п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я█п╩п╣пЁп╟п╫я┌п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣/п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╠п╬п╣п╡, п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬п╪ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ FTP/HTTP/п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╣/я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩, я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╟ п©п╬ я┤п╟я│я┌я▐п╪, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦я┘ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡, я─п╟я│п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦. п²п╣ п╡я│я▒ я│я─п╟п╥я┐, п╫п╬ п╡ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦. п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╣п╫п╬ п╫п╟ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐ FreeBSD, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╪п╣п╫я▐ я█я┌п╬ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я│я▐
+|lioux |п▒я─п╟п╥п╦п╩п╦я▐ |п░п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ п╥п╟я┘п╡п╟я┌п╟ п╡п╦п╢п╣п╬ п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ п╪п╦п╨я─п╬я│я┘п╣п╪ BrookTree: BT848 п╦п╩п╦ BT878 (п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬я┤я┌п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╣п╧), п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я┐п╤п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ я│ FreeBSD. |п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ BrookTree п╡ graphics/ffmpeg п╦ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╡п╦п╢п╣п╬
+|marcel |п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦я▐, п║п╗п░ |Supermicro SuperServer 6113M-i. п°п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ 2-п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧ Itanium 2 (Madison) п╡ я│я┌п╬п╣я┤п╫п╬п╪ п╨п╬я─п©я┐я│п╣ п╡я▀я│п╬я┌п╬п╧ 1U. |п°п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫я▀ BigSur, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪ я┐ п╡п╩п╟п╢п╣я▌. п°п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╟ п╫п╟ п╠п╟п╥п╣ я┤п╦п©я│п╣я┌п╟ Intel E8870, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▒п╫, п╫п╬ п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ я┐ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡.
+|marcel |п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦я▐, п║п╗п░ |IBM xSeries 450. п°п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ 4-п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧ Itanium 2 (Madison), п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╫п╟ п╠п╟п╥п╣ я┤п╦п©я│п╣я┌п╟ IBM XA-64. |п°п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧ п╡ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╣ FreeBSD (п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫п╬п╪ п╨п╟п╨ bento). п²я┐п╤п╫п╟ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ я█я┌п╟ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п╣я▒ я┐п╫п╦п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┤п╦п©я│п╣я┌п╟ п╦ я┌п╬пЁп╬ я└п╟п╨я┌п╟, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╩п╣п╨я┌я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ 4 п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟п╪п╦. п╜я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌ п╣я▒ п╦п╢п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я├п╣п╩я▐я┘ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╟я─п╟п╩п╩п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧ п╡ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫я▀я┘ я┐я│п╩п╬п╡п╦я▐я┘ п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╬п╨ п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡.
+|marcus |RTP, п║п╣п╡п╣я─п╫п╟я▐ п п╟я─п╬п╩п╦п╫п╟, п║п╗п░ |п■п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟п╢ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╪ FreeBSD GNOME, п╪п╫п╣ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪я▀ 1 п╦п╩п╦ 2 п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ amd64 п╦ 1 п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я┐ UltraSparc II. п▓я│п╣ я┌я─п╦ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ FreeBSD -CURRENT. |п■п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ GNOME п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╫п╟ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟я┘
+|markm |п п╣п╪п╠я─п╦п╢п╤, п▓п╣п╩п╦п╨п╬п╠я─п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐ |Flexelint v8. (www.gimpel.com) |(п÷п╬п╩я┐-)п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╟я▐ я┤п╦я│я┌п╨п╟ п╨п╬п╢п╟ п╦ п╨я─п╬я│я│-п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я┌п╬я─, я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ я┤п╦я│я┌п╨п╦.
+|markm |п п╣п╪п╠я─п╦п╢п╤, п▓п╣п╩п╦п╨п╬п╠я─п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐ |п║п╟п╪я▀п╧ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╧ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ FreeBSD CURRENT |п≈п╟п╪п╣п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я│я┌п╟я─п╬пЁп╬ Toshiba Libretto, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟п╣я┌ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╥ я│я┌я─п╬я▐. п²п╟ я│п╡п╬я▒п╪ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©п╣ я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌ CURRENT, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ я█я┌п╬ я│п╟п╪я▀п╧ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╧ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀.
+|marks |п²п╦п╢п╣я─п╩п╟п╫п╢я▀ |п⌡я█п©я┌п╬п©я▀ я│ ACPI (я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫п╟п©я─п╬п╨п╟я┌) |(1) п⌡я█п©я┌п╬п©я▀ я│ ACPI, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌, п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ п╫п╦я┘ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟. +
+(2) п⌡я█п©я┌п╬п©я▀ я│ ACPI, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ (п©п╬п©я▀я┌п╟я┌я▄я│я▐) п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬.
+|mat |п╓я─п╟п╫я├п╦я▐, п÷п╟я─п╦п╤ |пёп╩я▄я┌я─п╟-п╩я█п©я┌п╬п© Toshiba, Sony, IBM п╦п╩п╦ Dell (я┌п╦п©п╟ Dell's Latitude X300 п╦п╩п╦ D400, п╦п╩п╦ IBM я│п╣я─п╦п╦ X, п╪п╟п╨я│п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╪п╟п╩п╣п╫я▄п╨п╦п╧ п╦ п╩я▒пЁп╨п╦п╧) я│ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╬п╪ Intel я┌п╟п╨я┌п╬п╡п╬п╧ я┤п╟я│я┌п╬я┌п╬п╧ 1 п⌠п⌠я├ п╦ п╡я▀я┬п╣, п╤п╣п╩п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я│ 256/512 п°п╠п╟п╧я┌ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ |п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ п╦ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡
+|matusita |п╞п©п╬п╫п╦я▐ |2-3 п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐:Pentium4 2GHz+,20GB+ ATA66+ HDD,256MB+RAM, 100base-TX NIC,serial, etc. |п©п╣я─п╣я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╟ я┐п╪п╦я─п╟я▌я┴п╣пЁп╬ snapshots.jp.FreeBSD.org
+|matusita |п╞п©п╬п╫п╦я▐ |п║п╣я─п╡п╣я─ FTP:Pentium3/Celeron 1GHz+,10GB+ ATA66+ HDD,100GB+ storage (RAID0+1 п╤п╣п╩п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬),256MB+RAM, 100base-TX NIC,serial, etc. |п©п╣я─п╣я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╟ я┐п╪п╦я─п╟я▌я┴п╣пЁп╬ snapshots.jp.FreeBSD.org
+|mbr |п╗п╡п╣п╧я├п╟я─п╦я▐ |п║п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─я▀ п╢п╩я▐ RealTek 8129/8139 п╦ п╨п╩п╬п╫я▀, DEC/Intel 21143 п╦ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╣, SiS 900/7016 п╦ п╨п╩п╬п╫я▀, NatSemi DP83815/DP83820 п╦ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╣. п╞ п╪п╬пЁя┐ п╢п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬я▐я│п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╪п╫п╣ п╣я┴я▒ п╫я┐п╤п╣п╫ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─. п≤я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─я▀ я┐п╧п╢я┐я┌ п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ busdma. |п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╣п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╣п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╡.
+|mikeh |п▓п╦я─п╢п╤п╦п╫п╦я▐, п║п╗п░ |п▒п╣я│п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢п╫п╟я▐ п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─п╟/п╪я▀я┬я▄ PS/2 (п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌я▀ http://www.gyration.com/products.htm[Gyration] п╦ http://www.microsoft.com/hardware/keyboard/default.asp[Microsoft wireless desktop]) п╦п╩п╦ п╩я▌п╠п╟я▐ п╢я─я┐пЁп╟я▐ п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─п╫п╟я▐ п╪я▀я┬я▄ PS/2, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌я▀ KVM, п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ FreeBSD. |пёп╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п╪я▀я┬п╦/п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─я▀ PS/2 п╡п╬ FreeBSD
+|mux |п╓я─п╟п╫я├п╦я▐ |п║п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─я▀, п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ http://www.FreeBSD.org/projects/busdma/[п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ busdma]. |п÷я─п╣п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п╡ busdma
+|mux |п╓я─п╟п╫я├п╦я▐ |п°п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─ LCD п╦п╩п╦ CRT (п╫п╣ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╣ 17"), KVM-п©п╣я─п╣п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ |пё п╪п╣п╫я▐ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╬п╢п╦п╫ я│я┌п╟я─я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─ 15" CRT п╦ я│п╩п╦я┬п╨п╬п╪ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡...
+|mux |п╓я─п╟п╫я├п╦я▐ |п╩я█п©я┌п╬п© я│ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╪ |п╬я┌п╩п╟п╢п╨п╟ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╡п╤п╦п╡я┐я▌
+|obrien |п║п╦п╩п╦п╨п╬п╫п╬п╡п╟я▐ п■п╬п╩п╦п╫п╟, п║п╗п░ |п■п╬ 2 PC133 ECC DIMM [п╢п╩я▐ Sun Blade 100]. |п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ п╦ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ FreeBSD/sparc64
+|obrien |п║п╦п╩п╦п╨п╬п╫п╬п╡п╟я▐ п■п╬п╩п╦п╫п╟, п║п╗п░ |Pegasos II/G4 (http://www.ultraspec.com/hardware.htm) |п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ п╦ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ FreeBSD/PowerPC
+|obrien |п║п╦п╩п╦п╨п╬п╫п╬п╡п╟я▐ п■п╬п╩п╦п╫п╟, п║п╗п░ |п║я┌п╬п╣я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╠п╩п╬п╨п╦ п╡я▀я│п╬я┌п╬п╧ 1U п╦п╩п╦ 2U я│ п╠п╩п╬п╨п╟п╪п╦ п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐. |п÷п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥я├п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫ AMD64 п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD.org.
+|peter |п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦я▐, п║п╗п░ |п║п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ AMD64 Opteron п╢п╩я▐ п╪п╬п╫я┌п╟п╤п╟ п╡ я│я┌п╬п╧п╨я┐. |п■п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╣я▒ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬п╧ п╡ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╣ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡.
+|phantom |п⌠п╣я─п╪п╟п╫п╦я▐/пёп╨я─п╟п╦п╫п╟ |п■п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╟я▐ SMP-п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ |пёп╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╪п╟я│я┬я┌п╟п╠п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ JDK
+|phk |п■п╟п╫п╦я▐ |п░п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─я▀ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─п╟ IEEE-488, п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╬я┌ PCIIA, п╤п╣п╩п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я┬п╦п╫я▀ PCI. |п╞ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п©п╬ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╣ IEEE-488/GP-IB/HP-IB, п╫п╬ п╪п╫п╣ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╣п╫ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ ISAN PCIIA.
+|rwatson |п°я█я─п╦п╩п╣п╫п╢, п║п╗п░ |п≈п╟п╪п╣п╫п╟ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╬п╧ п©п╩п╟я┌я▀ SGI 1100. |п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟я│я▄ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╡ я│п╣я┌п╦ п╡ SMP; п╬я─п╦пЁп╦п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ п╫п╣я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ п╦ п╣п╧ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╟ п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫п╟. п╜я┌п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╨п╟я▐-п╫п╦п╠я┐п╢я▄ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╬п╧ п©п╩п╟я┌я▀ Intel ServerWorks.
+|rwatson |п°я█я─п╦п╩п╣п╫п╢, п║п╗п░ |п п╬п╪п╪я┐я┌п╟я┌п╬я─ п╪п╣п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ Gig-E я│ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╪ п╪п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╫пЁп╟ |п п╬п╪п╪я┐я┌п╟я┌п╬я─ Gigabit ethernet п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟п╢ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ SMP, п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬я┤я┌п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я│ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╪ п╪п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╫пЁп╟, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я▐ п╪п╬пЁ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬я┌п╬п╨п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п╦п╢п╣п╫я┌п╦я└п╦я├п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╠я─п╬я│я▀ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡, п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣, п╦п╥ п╫п╣п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫п╫п╣п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀.
+|rwatson |п°я█я─п╦п╩п╣п╫п╢, п║п╗п░ |п■п╡я┐я┘п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╡ я│я┌п╬п╣я┤п╫п╬п╪ п╨п╬я─п©я┐я│п╣ п╡я▀я│п╬я┌п╬п╧ 1U я┤п╟я│я┌п╬я┌п╬п╧ 1 п⌠п⌠я├ п╦ п╡я▀я┬п╣ я│ 64-я─п╟п╥я─я▐п╢п╫п╬п╧ я┬п╦п╫п╬п╧ PCI |п²п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ SMP я│ 64-я─п╟п╥я─я▐п╢п╫п╬п╧ я┬п╦п╫п╬п╧ PCI п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╠п╩п╬п╨п╦я─п╬п╡п╨п╦ я│я┌п╣п╨п╟ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬п╡. п╒п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ я█я┌п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╟я▐ я│я─п╣п╢п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡, п╬п╫п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡я▀я│п╬я┌п╬п╧ 1U (п╦п╩п╦ 2U). п■п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╡я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ gigabit ethernet п╫п╟ 64-я─п╟п╥я─я▐п╢п╫п╬п╧ я┬п╦п╫п╣ PCI, п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п©п╬ п╨я─п╟п╧п╫п╣п╧ п╪п╣я─п╣ п╬п╢п╦п╫ 64-я─п╟п╥я─я▐п╢п╫я▀п╧ я│п╩п╬я┌ PCI.
+|sam |п║п╗п░ |я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ я┬п╦я└я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ (pci, pcmcia, п╨п╟я─я┌я▀ cardbus, CPU я│п╬ п╡я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ я┬п╦я└я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐) |п■п╩я▐ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╦
+|scottl |п║п╗п░ |п⌡я█п©я┌п╬п© |п°п╬п╧ Dell 8200 п╫п╣п╢п╟п╡п╫п╬ я│п╩п╬п╪п╟п╩я│я▐. п╜я┌п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╪п╬я▐ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟п╢ FreeBSD п╦ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦я▐ п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣. п▒п╣п╥ п╫п╣пЁп╬ п╪п╫п╣ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╬. п╞ п╦я┴я┐ я┤я┌п╬-п╫п╦п╠я┐п╢я▄, п©п╬я┘п╬п╤п╣п╣ п╫п╟ Dell 8600 п╦п╩п╦ IBM T42.
+|sos |п■п╟п╫п╦я▐ |п·п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ Serial ATA: п╢п╦я│п╨п╦, п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─я▀ (п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌), п╨п╟п╠п╣п╩п╦, п╨п╬п╫п╡п╣я─я┌п╬я─я▀ Serial ATA-ATA. |п·п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦я┌я▄ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ ATA.
+|tanimura |п╞п©п╬п╫п╦я▐ |п⌡я▌п╠п╬п╧ я▐п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╦п╧ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п© (п√п╣п╩п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ IBM Thinkpad A30 п╦п╩п╦ A31). |п≈п╟п╪п╣п╫п╟ п╫п╣п╢п╟п╡п╫п╬ я┐п╨я─п╟п╢п╣п╫п╫п╬п╪я┐ IBM.
+|thomas |п╓я─п╟п╫я├п╦я▐ |п п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ UDMA, я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦я▐ пЁп╦п╠п╨п╦я┘ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ ATAPI, п╩п╣п╫я┌п╬я┤п╫я▀п╧ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢ ATAPI |п·п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦я┌я▄ я█я┌п╦я┘ ATAPI-я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ я│ ATAPI/CAM п╫п╟ я┌п╬п╪ п╤п╣ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, я┤я┌п╬ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ afd/ast.
+|wilko, п╬я┌ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦ п÷п╦я┌п╣я─п╟ п╔п╬п╩п╪п╟ |п■п╟п╫п╦я▐ |п║п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╦ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я┐п╨п╬п╪п©п╩п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ x386, п╤п╣п╩п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ SMP |п║я┌я─п╣я│я│-я┌п╣я│я┌ п╦ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩я▄ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟.
+|===
diff --git a/website/content/ru/events/2003/bsdcon-devsummit.adoc b/website/content/ru/events/2003/bsdcon-devsummit.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69e9426b6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/events/2003/bsdcon-devsummit.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+---
+title: "п▓я│я┌я─п╣я┤п╟ п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╫п╟ BSDCon 2003"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п▓я│я┌я─п╣я┤п╟ п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╫п╟ BSDCon 2003
+
+п÷я▐я┌п╟я▐ п╡я│я┌я─п╣я┤п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ (FreeBSD Developer Summit) я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╩п╟я│я▄ 13 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2003 пЁп╬п╢п╟ п╡ п╬я└п╦я│п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Vicor п╡ п╨п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦п╧я│п╨п╬п╪ пЁп╬я─п╬п╢п╣ п═п╦я┤п╪п╬п╫п╢, я│я─п╟п╥я┐ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╦ BSDCon 2003 п╡ п║п╟п╫-п°п╟я┌п╣п╬. п▓я│я┌я─п╣я┤п╟ п╠я▀п╩п╟ я│п©п╬п╫я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ DARPA, NAI Labs п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╣п╧ Vicor. п≈п╟п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩п╦я│я▄ п▒я─я▌я│п╬п╪ п°п╟я┘п╬п╪ (Bruce Mah) п╦ п╠я▀п╩п╦ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩п╦я│я▄ п°я▌я─я─п╣п╣п╪ п║я┌п╬п╨п╣п╩п╦ (Murray Stokely).
+
+п▓я│я┌я─п╣я┤п╟ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟я│я▄ п╡ 10:00am, п╥п╟п╨п╬п╫я┤п╦п╩п╟я│я▄ п╡ 5:00pm.
+
+== п÷п╬п╡п╣я│я┌п╨п╟
+
+* <<intro,п▓п╡п╬п╢п╫п╟я▐ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ / п·п╠я┴п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ FreeBSD BoF / п═п╬я│я┌ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟>>
+* <<re4,п÷п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡, RELENG_4>>
+* <<re5,п÷п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡, HEAD>>
+
+== пёя┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╦:
+
+п÷я─п╦я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣:
+
+* Doug Barton
+* David O'Brien
+* Matthew Dillon
+* Julian Elischer
+* Poul-Henning Kamp
+* Greg Lehey
+* Scott Long
+* Warner Losh
+* Bruce Mah
+* Jun Kuriyama
+* Jonathon Mini
+* Masafumi Nakane
+* Jeff Roberson
+* Hiroki Sato
+* Gregory Shapiro
+* Murray Stokely
+* Jacques Vidrine
+* Robert Watson
+
+п²п╟ я┌п╣п╩п╣я└п╬п╫п╣:
+
+п²п╟ п╡я│я┌я─п╣я┤п╣ п©я─п╦п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╩я│я▐ п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╬п╨, п©я─п╦ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╟я▐ я│п╣п╨я├п╦я▐ п╡п╣п╩п╟я│я▄ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨п╬п╪, п╟ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п©я─п╬я┘п╬п╢п╦п╩п╬ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣.
+
+'''''
+
+=== п·я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╦п╣ - Robert Watson
+
+п■п╬п╠я─п╬ п©п╬п╤п╟п╩п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟ п©я▐я┌я┐я▌ п▓я┌я─п╣я┤я┐ п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╫п╟ BSDCon 2003. п║п©п╬п╫я│п╬я─п╟п╪п╦ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╣я─п╬п©я─п╦я▐я┌п╦я▐ п╡я▀я│я┌я┐п©п╦п╩п╦:
+
+* Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
+* NAI Labs, the Security Research Division of Network Associates
+* Vicor
+
+п║п©п╬п╫я│п╬я─я▀ п©п╬п╨я─я▀п╩п╦ я│я┌п╬п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ п╟я─п╣п╫п╢я▀ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦п╧, п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦п╣, я┌п╣п╩п╣я└п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╦ я┌п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫п╬п╣.
+
+==== п═п╬я│я┌ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ (п╬я┌ BoF)
+
+п÷п╬п╥п╦я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ я├п╦я└я─я▀ Netcraft
+
+п░п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╟я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╫п╟п╢ HEAD п╢п╟п╤п╣ п©я─п╦ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢п╣ `RELENG_3`.
+
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢п╟ `RELENG_4` п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌ п╫п╟п╢ `RELENG_3` п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я│п╫п╦п╥п╦п╩п╟я│я▄.
+
+п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ п╡я│п©п╩п╣я│п╨ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╣п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╢ `RELENG_5_0_0_RELEASE`.
+
+п÷я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╫п╬ п©п╬п╩п╬п╡п╦п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╢ RELENG_4 п©п╬ я│я─п╟п╡п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌ я│ HEAD. п÷п╬п╢я─п╟п╥я┐п╪п╣п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╟я▐ п╪п╟я│я│п╟ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╬п╡ п╡ RELENG_4 я─п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ п©я─п╬п╧я┌п╦ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ HEAD.
+
+п╖я┐я┌я▄ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╬п╡п╦п╫я▀ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╬п╡ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│я▐я┌я│я▐ п╨ `sys/`
+
+п п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ Perforce п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╫п╬ п╡п╢п╡п╬п╣ п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╣, я┤п╣п╪ п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪ CVS-п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╣ `src/`.
+
+"RaidFrame п©п╟п╩ п╤п╣я─я┌п╡п╬п╧ я│п╠п╬я▐ п╫п╟ п╢п╦я│п╨п╣." --scottl
+
+_(п═п╟я│я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣п╫п╬ п©я─п╣п╢п╡п╟я─п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ я─п╟я│п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣)_
+
+'''''
+
+[[re4]]
+===== п÷п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡, RELENG_4 - Murray Stokely
+
+п√п╟п╩п╬п╠я▀ п╫п╟ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ PAE. п·п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫п╬ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌я▄ пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╨ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟ 4.9. п²п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╨ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨п╦ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п©п╬п╢ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п╧ п╫п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╬п╧. п═п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╟ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╡ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ п╫п╣п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ PAE.
+
+п÷п╬я┘п╬п╤п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ 2-п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╥п╟п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟. sam п╬я┌п╨п╩п╟п╢я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ MFC, п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟я▐ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐. dg я┘п╬я┤п╣я┌ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╬ PAE. phk п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬п╢п╬п╤п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╣я┴я▒ п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬ 6 п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩я▄ п╢п╬ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌п╦я▐ п╬п╨п╬п╫я┤п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я┐.
+
+====== п·п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣
+
+*PHK* : п°я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣п╪ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╣я│я┌п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╡ я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╣ P4?
+
+*IMP* : п÷я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟ п╡ я┌п╬п╪, я┤я┌п╬ я┐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧, п╫п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ PAE (я┌п╣, я┐ п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╣я│я┌я▄ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀) п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╤п╣п╩п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╣пЁп╬, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╣пЁп╬ п╫п╣я┌ п╡ CVS.
+
+*rwatson* : п п╟п╨п╬п╡ п╪п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п©п╟я┌я┤ п╢п╩я▐ п╬я┌п╨п╟я┌п╟? п²п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╟ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐. п≤п╪п╣я▌я┌ п╩п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦ PAE п╡я─п╣п╪я▐, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╢ я█я┌п╦п╪? п∙я│п╩п╦ п╫п╣я┌, я┌п╬ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я█я┌я┐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я┌я▄.
+
+п■п╡я┐я┘п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ я│п╠п╬я─ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐. п²я┐п╤п╫п╬ я┐п╪п╣я┌я▄ п╡п╬я│п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌я▄ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨я┐ я┐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡... п╫я┐п╤п╫п╟ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣п╧ п╫п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╣.
+
+*peter* : п÷п╬я┘п╬п╤п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫ п╦ ps п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╬ п╡п╬п╧п╢я┐я┌ п╡ п╨я┐я─я│ я█я┌п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀. (п╔п╬я┤п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ silby я│ п╫п╦п╪ я┌п╣я│п╫п╬ п©п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╩.)
+
+"п╞ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┤я┌п╬ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦п╩ п÷п╬п╩я┐, я┤я┌п╬ п╬я┤п╣я─п╣п╢п╫п╬п╧ я│п╫я█п©я┬п╬я┌, я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╦п╪, п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п╫п╣п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я┐я▌ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨я┐, п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢я▐я┴я┐я▌ п╨ п╫п╣я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀, п╦ п╬п╫ п╦п╥п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ я│п╦п╩ п©я▀я┌п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╣я▒ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄." --peter.
+
+'''''
+
+[[re5]]
+===== п÷п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡, HEAD - Scott Long
+
+"п я┌п╬-п╫п╦п╠я┐п╢я▄, п╢п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╣п╪я┐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╬я┤п╣п╨, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п╫ я│п╪п╬пЁ п©п╬п©п╩п╟п╨п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╣п╥ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╟п╪п╨п╫я┐я┌я▄ я│п╡п╬п╧ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©." --peter.
+
+*scottl* : п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ amd64 ia64 sparc64.
+
+====== п·п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣
+
+*marcel* : п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ uart(4) п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩я▄ п╫п╟ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟я┘ HP п╡ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╣. п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫ HP п╠п╣п╥ я█п╪я┐п╩я▐я├п╦п╦ я┬п╦п╫я▀ ISA я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ CVS. п╒п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟я┌я▄ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╩я▌п╠я▀я┘ ia64-п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫ п╦п╥ CVS.
+
+*imp* : п▓ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╣ uart(4) п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ UART-п╪п╦п╨я─п╬я│я┘п╣п╪. п■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ puc(4) п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫ п╢п╩я▐ п╟пЁя─п╣пЁп╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦я┘ п╡п╣я┴п╣п╧ п╡ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ я┌п╬я┤п╨п╣ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐.
+
+п■п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╩п╦ п╪я▀ п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌я▄ sio(4) п╫п╟ uart(4)? sio(4) п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╬я─п╦п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╫п╟ п╢п╬я│я┌п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, uart(4) я█п╣ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ пЁп╦п╠п╬п╨. п▓ п╫п╦п╥п╨п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╣я┌ п╫п╦я┤п╣пЁп╬ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╣пЁп╬, п╬п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ я│п╩п╟п╠я▀п╣ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ п╫п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ я├п╣п╩п╣п╡п╬п╧ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ 6.0.
+
+phk я┘п╬я┤п╣я┌ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╪п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╨ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡. grog пЁп╬п╡п╬я─п╦я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╩я▌п╢п╦ п╡ я█я┌п╬п╪ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╫п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ я┌п╦п©п╦я┤п╫я▀п╪п╦ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪п╦. п°п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│п©п╬я─п╬п╡ п╬п╠ я█я┌п╬п╪. rwatson: п·я┌п╩п╬п╤п╦п╪ я█я┌п╬ п╢п╬ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ 6.0.
+
+пёя│п╦п╩п╦я▐ п╡п╬п╨я─я┐пЁ 5.X п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я│п╬я│я─п╣п╢п╬я┌п╬я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╫п╟ п╣я▒ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦.
+
+*imp* : п²п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п╥п╟п╨я─я▀я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╪ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╦ я┌п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╡п╣я┴п╟п╪п╦.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/features.adoc b/website/content/ru/features.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..51ba52ba70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/features.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+title: "п· я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ п©я─п╣п╦п╪я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟я┘ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= п· я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ п©я─п╣п╦п╪я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟я┘ FreeBSD
+
+== FreeBSD п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦п╫я┐я┌я▀я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧.
+
+п▓п╫п╣ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я┌ я┌п╦п©п╟ п╡п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩п╦я│я▄ п╪п╟п╨я│п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬. п║я─п╣п╢п╬я┌п╬я┤п╦п╣ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╪ п╡п╥п╟п╦п╪п╬п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦п╦ п╦ я┘я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╡п╨я┐п©п╣ я│ п©я─п╬я│я┌я▀п╪ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫я▀п╪ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╦ п©я─п╣п╨я─п╟я│п╫п╬п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╢п╬я│я┌п╦я┤я▄ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬.
+
+=== п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я├п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╫п╟ 4.4BSD.
+
+п≤я│я┌п╬я─п╦я▐ FreeBSD п╠п╣я─п╣я┌ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╬ п╦п╥ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╬п╡ *BSD*, п╡я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п⌠я─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ п≤я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п▓я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п║п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ (Computer Systems Research Group) п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦п╧я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ пёп╫п╦п╡п╣я─я│п╦я┌п╣я┌п╟ (п▒п╣я─п╨п╩п╦). п▒п╬п╩п╣п╣ 10 п╩п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╡п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╬ п╡ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ BSD, п╡ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╣п╢я┐я┴п╣п╧ п╡ п╦п╫п╢я┐я│я┌я─п╦п╦ SMP, п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©п╬я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐, я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╦ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╦ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦. п▓ п╦я┌п╬пЁп╣ FreeBSD п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪я┐ п≤п╫я┌п╣я─п╫п╣я┌я┐, п╡ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘ п╬п©п╬я─п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╟я─я┬я─я┐я┌п╦п╥п╟я┌п╬я─п╬п╡, п╫п╟ п╨п╬я─п╫п╣п╡я▀я┘ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟я┘ п╦п╪п╣п╫, п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я┘п╬я│я┌п╦п╫пЁп╟ п╨я─я┐п©п╫я▀я┘ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╟п╧я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п╨п╟п╨ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡я┐ п╢п╩я▐ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╢п╣я│п╨я┌п╬п©п╫я▀я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪. п╜я┌п╬ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╠п╩п╟пЁп╬п╢п╟я─я▐ я─п╟п╥п╫п╬п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╦я▌ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╦ п╡я│п╣п╪п╦я─п╫п╬п╪я┐ п╪п╟я│я┬я┌п╟п╠я┐ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD.
+
+=== FreeBSD п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦п╫я┐я┌я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀, я┤я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌ п╣п╣ п╦п╢п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥п╫я▀я┘ я│я└п╣я─ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐: п╬я┌ п╡я│я┌я─п╟п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╨я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬ п╪я┐п╩я▄я┌п╦п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫я▀я┘ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ п╨п╩п╟я│я│п╟ hi-end.
+
+п║ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢п╬п╪ п╡ я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩п╣ 2008 пЁп╬п╢п╟ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ *FreeBSD 7.0* я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ п╦ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦. п║ я└п╬п╨я┐я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╨п╬п╧ п╫п╟ я┘я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╦ п╪я┐п╩я▄я┌п╦п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD 7.0 п╡я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ *я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ ZFS* п╬я┌ Sun п╦ *я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п╪п╟я│я┬я┌п╟п╠п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╬п╧ п╪я┐п╩я▄я┌п╦п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌*. п▒п╣п╫я┤п╪п╟я─п╨п╦ п©п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩п╦, я┤я┌п╬ FreeBSD п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╡п╢п╡п╬п╣ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬я┐я▌ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ MySQL п╦ PostgreSQL п©п╬ я│я─п╟п╡п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌ я│ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╪п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟п╪п╦ Linux п╫п╟ 8-я▐п╢п╣я─п╫я▀я┘ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟я┘.
+
+* *SMPng*: п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я│п╣п╪п╦ п╩п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ SMP FreeBSD 7.0 п╢п╬я│я┌п╦пЁп╩п╟ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ я├п╣п╩п╦ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╣п╩п╨п╬пЁя─п╟п╫я┐п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪п╟ я│п╦п╫я┘я─п╬п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╩п╦п╫п╣п╧п╫я┐я▌ п╪п╟я│я┬я┌п╟п╠п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ п╫п╟ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣, я┤п╣п╪ 8, я▐п╢я─п╟я┘ CPU п╫п╟ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╣ п╫п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╬п╨. п▓ FreeBSD 7.0 п©п╬я┤я┌п╦ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я┐я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╟ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╟я▐ п╠п╩п╬п╨п╦я─п╬п╡п╨п╟ (Giant lock) п╦ я├п╣п╩п╦п╨п╬п╪ я┐п╠я─п╟п╫п╟ п╦п╥ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫я▐ я┘я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ CAM п╦ п╨п╩п╦п╣п╫я┌п╟ NFS, п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫ п©п╣я─п╣я┘п╬п╢ п╫п╟ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╢п╦я└я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я┐я▌ (fine-grained) я│п╦п╫я┘я─п╬п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▌ п╡ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣. п≈п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╟ п©я─п╬п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п©я┌п╦п╪п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡я┴п╦п╨п╟ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╦ п©я─п╦п╪п╦я┌п╦п╡п╬п╡ я│п╦п╫я┘я─п╬п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦, п╬п©я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡я┴п╦п╨ ULE п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╦п╡я▐п╥п╨я┐ п©п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╡ п╨ CPU п╦ п╬я┤п╣я─п╣п╢п╦ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬пЁп╬ CPU п╢п╩я▐ я┐п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟п╨п╩п╟п╢п╫я▀я┘ я─п╟я│я┘п╬п╢п╬п╡ п╦ п©п╬п╡я▀я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╨п╣я┬п╟. п▒п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╟ п©п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╡ libthr, я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥я┐я▌я┴п╟я▐ 1:1 п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©п╬я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌. п▒п╣п╫я┤п╪п╟я─п╨п╦ п©п╬п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п©я─п╣п╦п╪я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╡ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟п╢ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟п╪п╦ UNIX(R) п╫п╟ п╦п╢п╣п╫я┌п╦я┤п╫п╬п╪ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬я▐п╢п╣я─п╫п╬п╪ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╦ п╬я┌я─п╟п╤п╟я▌я┌ п╢п╬п╩пЁп╦п╣ п╦п╫п╡п╣я│я┌п╦я├п╦п╦ п╡ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я▌ SMP п╢п╩я▐ я▐п╢я─п╟ FreeBSD.
+* *п╓п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ ZFS*: Sun ZFS - я█я┌п╬ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟, п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╟пЁп╟я▌я┴п╟я▐ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╣ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, я┌я─п╟п╫п╥п╟п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я┐я▌ я│п╣п╪п╟п╫я┌п╦п╨я┐ п╦ п╫п╣п©я─п╣я─я▀п╡п╫я┐я▌ я├п╣п╩п╬я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘. п·я┌ я│п╟п╪п╬п╡п╬я│я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬ п╡я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©я─п╣я│я│п╦п╦, raid, я│п╫п╟п©я┬п╬я┌п╬п╡ п╦ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╬п╪п╟п╪п╦ ZFS п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩п╦я┌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫я▀п╪ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─п╟п╪ FreeBSD п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╧ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╪п╦ п╪п╟я│я│п╦п╡п╟п╪п╦ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘.
+* *п·п©я┌п╦п╪п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ 10gbps я│п╣я┌п╣п╧*: п║ п╬п©я┌п╦п╪п╦п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╟п╪п╦ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╬я┌ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ 10gbps я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD 7.0 п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦п╩п╟ п╬п╠я┬п╦я─п╫я┐я▌ п╬п©я┌п╦п╪п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▌ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬пЁп╬ я│я┌п╣п╨п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╬п╨, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я│я┬я┌п╟п╠п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│п╬п╨п╣я┌п╫я▀я┘ п╠я┐я└п╣я─п╬п╡, TCP Segment Offload (TSO), Large Receive Offload (LRO), п©я─я▐п╪я┐я▌ п╢п╦я│п©п╣я┌я┤п╣я─п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▌ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬пЁп╬ я│я┌п╣п╨п╟ п╦ п╠п╟п╩п╟п╫я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╨я┐ п╫п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ TCP/IP п╫п╟ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ CPU я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ п╨п╟я─я┌ 10gbps п╦п╩п╦ п©я─п╦ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬п╪ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╦я┘ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╬п╡. п÷п╬п╩п╫п╟я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╬я┌ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╟ я┐ Chelsio, Intel, Myricom п╦ Neterion.
+* *SCTP*: FreeBSD 7.0 п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ я█я┌п╟п╩п╬п╫п╫я┐я▌ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▌ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╟ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟я┤п╦ я│ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п©п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╪ IETF - Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ VoIP, я┌п╣п╩п╣п╨п╬п╪п╪я┐п╫п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╧ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ я│п╬ я│я┌я─п╬пЁп╦п╪п╦ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╨ п╫п╟п╢п╣п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟я┤п╣п╧ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п╦ я│ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦, п╨п╟п╨ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╡п╟я▐ (multi-path) п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╨п╟, п╬я┌п╨п╟п╥п╬я┐я│я┌п╬п╧я┤п╦п╡п╬я│я┌я▄ (fail-over) п╦ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©п╬я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ (multi-streaming).
+* *Wireless*: FreeBSD 7.0 п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╬ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ п╠п╣я│п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ я│п╡я▐п╥п╦, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п╪п╬я┴п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╟я─я┌я▀ п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ Atheros, п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╟я─я┌ Ralink, Intel п╦ ZyDAS, WPA, я└п╬п╫п╬п╡п╬п╣ я│п╨п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦ я─п╬я┐п╪п╦п╫пЁ п╦ 802.11n.
+* *п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫я▀п╣ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀*: FreeBSD 7.0 п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│я┌я─п╟п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪п╬п╧ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ ARM, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ Sun Ultrasparc T1.
+
+FreeBSD п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п╢п╬п╩пЁя┐я▌ п╦я│я┌п╬я─п╦я▌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀; п╬ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╦п╥ п╫п╦я┘ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п©я─п╬я┤п╦я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╦п╤п╣:
+
+* *п·п╠я┼п╣п╢п╦п╫я▒п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╨я█я┬ п╡п╦я─я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п╦ п╠я┐я└п╣я─п╬п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪* п╬п©я┌п╦п╪п╦п╥п╦я─я┐п╣я┌ я─п╟я│п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п╦ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╨я█я┬п╟, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╟п╪п╦. п▓ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я▌я┌ п©я─п╣п╨я─п╟я│п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╢п╤п╣я─ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п╦ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╨ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟п╪, п╟ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫я▀п╧ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─ п╦п╥п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬я┌ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я─п╬п╡ п╨я█я┬п╟.
+* *п°п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦* п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┌ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╟п╪, п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ Linux, SCO UNIX п╦ System V Release 4, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╬ FreeBSD.
+* *п°я▐пЁп╨п╦п╣ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐* я┐п╡п╣п╩п╦я┤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀, п╫п╣ п╤п╣я─я┌п╡я┐я▐ п╫п╟п╢я▒п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╦ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌. п░п╫п╟п╩п╦п╥ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦п╧ п╫п╟п╢ п╪п╣я┌п╟-п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╫п╣ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌я▄ п╦я┘ п╡я│п╣ я│п╦п╫я┘я─п╬п╫п╫п╬. п▓п╪п╣я│я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│п╬я┘я─п╟п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫я▐я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦я▐я┘ я│ п╪п╣я┌п╟-п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╨я█я┬п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╧, п╨п╬п╪п╠п╦п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╧ п╫п╟п╢ п╬п╢п╫п╦п╪п╦ п╦ я┌п╣п╪п╦ п╤п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟п╪п╦, п╦ я─п╣п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╧ я┌п╟п╨, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п╫п╦ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦п╩п╦я│я▄ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬. п°п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪я▀ я└п╬п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨п╦ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╦ я│п╫п╟п©я┬п╬я┌п╬п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫я▀ п╫п╟ я├п╣п╩п╬я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟я┘ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╪я▐пЁп╨п╦я┘ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╧.
+* *п║п╫п╟п©я┬п╬я┌я▀ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪* п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─п╟п╪ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪ п╟я┌п╬п╪п╟я─п╫я▀я┘ я│п╫п╟п©я┬п╬я┌п╬п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╡ я├п╣п╩я▐я┘ я─п╣п╥п╣я─п╡п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п©п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я│ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я│я┌п╡п╟ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣, я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я│п╬п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡я┐я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ *background fsck*, я┤я┌п╬ п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я│я─п╟п╥я┐ п╢п╬я│я┌п╦пЁп╟я┌я▄ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╟ п╠п╣п╥ п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╧ п╬я┤п╦я│я┌п╨п╦ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п╬я┌п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐.
+* п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ *IP Security (IPsec)* п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╦я┌я▄ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╡ я│п╣я┌п╦ п╦ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п≤п╫я┌п╣я─п╫п╣я┌-п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╟ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬п╨п╬п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ IPv6. п═п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ FreeBSD IPsec п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬пЁп╬ я│п©п╣п╨я┌я─п╟ *п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐*.
+* *п▓я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ IPv6* я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ я│я┌п╣п╨ KAME IPv6 п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ п╠п╣я│я┬п╬п╡п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╟я├п╦я▌ FreeBSD п╡ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╬п╨я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬п╨п╬п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐. FreeBSD я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦, я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ IPv6!
+* *п°п╫п╬пЁп╬п©п╬я┌п╬я┤п╫п╟я▐ SMP п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟* п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©п╟я─п╟п╩п╩п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╫п╟ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╦я┘ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟я┘, п╟ *п╡я▀я┌п╣я│п╫я▐я▌я┴п╟я▐ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я▐п╢я─п╟* п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п©я─п╦п╬я─п╦я┌п╣я┌п╫я▀п╪ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╟п╪ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╡я▀я┌п╣я│п╫я▐я┌я▄ п╬я│я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│я▀, я│п╫п╦п╤п╟я▐ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐. п║я▌п╢п╟ п╤п╣ п╡я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌ *п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©п╬я┌п╬я┤п╫я▀п╧ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ я│я┌п╣п╨* п╦ *п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©п╬я┌п╬я┤п╫п╟я▐ п©п╬п╢я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╡п╦я─я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦*. п²п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▐ я│ FreeBSD 6.x п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п©п╟я─п╟п╩п╩п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ VFS п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ UFS п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╬п╡ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬, я─п╟я│п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▐я▐ п╫п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨я┐ п╡п╡п╬п╢п╟/п╡я▀п╡п╬п╢п╟, я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨ CPU.
+* *п°п╫п╬пЁп╬п©п╬я┌п╬я┤п╟я▐ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ M:N я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ pthreads* п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫я▀п╪ п╪п╟я│я┬я┌п╟п╠п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╬п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╡ п╫п╟ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ CPU, я│я┌п╟п╡я▐ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╦я┘ п©п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╡ п╡ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╣ п╪п╟п╩п╬п╪я┐ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡я┐ *Kernel Schedulable Entities*. п║ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌п╦п╣п╪ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩п╦ *Scheduler Activation* я┌п╟п╨п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢ п╨ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©п╬я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╨ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╟ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧.
+* *п÷п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣п╪я▀п╧ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ я│я┌п╣п╨ Netgraph* п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ п╢п╦п╫п╟п╪п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╦ п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─я▐я┌я▄ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ я│я┌п╣п╨ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ п╦п╥п╬п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╟п╠я│я┌я─п╟п╨я├п╦п╦. пёп╥п╩я▀ Netgraph п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┌ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╦п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│п╬п╡, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п╦п╫п╨п╟п©я│я┐п╩я▐я├п╦я▌, я┌я┐п╫п╣п╩п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣, я┬п╦я└я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╟я├п╦я▌ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦. п▓ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╣, п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╬п╣ п©я─п╬я┌п╬я┌п╦п©п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╡п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡ я█п╨я│п©п╩я┐п╟я┌п╟я├п╦я▌ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│п╬п╡ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╬я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╩п╣п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я┴п╣ п╦ я│ п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╦п╪ я┤п╦я│п╩п╬п╪ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨.
+* *п═п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟ TrustedBSD MAC Framework* п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╟п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╨я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╬я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┐п╤п╣я│я┌п╬я┤п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п©п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨ п╢п╬ п╡п╫п╣п╢я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦п╢п╣п╫я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п©п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨ я├п╣п╩п╬я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟ п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟я┌п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╣я┌п╨п╟я┘. п▓ п©я─п╬я│я┌я▀п╣ п©п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨п╦ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╡я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌ *п°п╫п╬пЁп╬я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣п╡п╟я▐ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ (MLS)* п╦ *п≈п╟я┴п╦я┌п╟ я├п╣п╩п╬я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ Biba*. п▓ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫п╫п╦п╣ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦ п╡я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ *SEBSD*, п╠п╟п╥п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╟я▐я│я▐ п╫п╟ FLASK я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╫я├п╣п©я├п╦п╦ *Type Enforcement*.
+* *TrustedBSD Audit* - я█я┌п╬ я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╦ п╡ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩ я│п╬п╠я▀я┌п╦п╧ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╢п╦я└я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я┐я▌, п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫я┐я▌, п╫п╟п╢п╣п╤п╫я┐я▌ п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▄ п╡ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫я▀я┘ я│п╬п╠я▀я┌п╦п╧ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│ п╟я┐п╢п╦я┌п╟. п░п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─я▀ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨ п╦ п╢п╣я┌п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▌ п©я─п╦ я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧, п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╨ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟п╪, п╦я│п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╡я┘п╬п╢п╟я┘ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п╦ я─я▐п╢п╣ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬пЁп╬ п©п╬п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. п п╟п╫п╟п╩я▀ п╟я┐п╢п╦я┌п╟ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┌ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я┌я▄ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ IDS п╨ я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│я┐ п╟я┐п╢п╦я┌п╟ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╦ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣п╪я▀п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╪п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╫пЁп╟ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я│п╬п╠я▀я┌п╦я▐п╪. FreeBSD п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦ API п©я─п╬п╪я▀я┬п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╟ BSM audit trail, п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦п╧ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟п╪ BSM п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я│ п╫п╣п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╪п╦ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╦п╩п╦ п╡п╬п╡я│п╣ п╠п╣п╥ п╫п╦я┘. п■п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ Solaris п╦ Mac OS X, я┤я┌п╬ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╪пЁп╫п╬п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╡п╥п╟п╦п╪п╬п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я▐ п╦ п╣п╢п╦п╫п╬п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╟п╫п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟.
+* *п÷п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣п╪я▀п╧ я┐я─п╬п╡п╣п╫я▄ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╟ GEOM* п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╠я▀я│я┌я─я┐я▌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨я┐ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│п╬п╡ я┘я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│ я┤п╦я│я┌п╬п╧ п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╡ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌ п©п╬п╢я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ я┘я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD. GEOM п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я├п╣п╩п╬я│я┌п╫я┐я▌ п╦ п╨п╬пЁп╣я─п╣п╫я┌п╫я┐я▌ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╫п╟п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│п╬п╡ я┘я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╢п╣п╩п╟я▐ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫я▀п╪ п©я─п╬я│я┌я┐я▌ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▌ RAID п╦ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀п╪п╦ я┌п╬п╪п╟п╪п╦.
+* *п╗п╦я└я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ п╫п╟ п╠п╟п╥п╣ GEOM (GBDE)* п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я│я┌я─п╬пЁя┐я▌ п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┌я┐ я│ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ я└я─п╣п╧п╪п╡п╬я─п╨п╟ GEOM п╦ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┴п╟я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀, я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ swap п╦ п╫п╟п╨п╬п©п╦я┌п╣п╩п╦ я│ п©я─п╬я┤п╦п╪ я┘п╟я─п╟п╨я┌п╣я─п╬п╪ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.
+* *п·я┤п╣я─п╣п╢п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟* п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┌ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╟п╪ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬ я─п╣п╟пЁп╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╟я│п╦п╫я┘я─п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п╬п╠я▀я┌п╦я▐, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╦ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╡п╡п╬п╢/п╡я▀п╡п╬п╢, п©п╬п╡я▀я┬п╟я▐ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧.
+* *п▓я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╣ я└п╦п╩я▄я┌я─я▀* п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┌ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪, п╦п╫я┌п╣п╫я│п╦п╡п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦п╪ я│ я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟п╪, п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟я┌я▄ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ я│п╡п╬п╣п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я▐п╢я─я┐ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀, п©п╬п╡я▀я┬п╟я▐ я┌п╣п╪ я│п╟п╪я▀п╪ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄.
+
+=== п▓п╬ FreeBSD п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╪п╟я│я│п╟ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ п©п╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┌я▀ я│п╣я┌п╣п╧ п╦ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡.
+
+п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦ FreeBSD я│я┌п╟п╡я▐я┌ п╥п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ п╬п╠ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╡ п╬п╢п╦п╫ я─я▐п╢ я│ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╦ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌. п▓ я▐п╢я─п╬ FreeBSD п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╟ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ *п╪п╣п╤я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬пЁп╬ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╟ п╫п╟ я│п╣п╟п╫я│п╬п╡п╬п╪ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣ (stateful)*, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│п╬п╡, я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п╨п╟п╨ *п©я─п╬п╨я│п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ IP-я┬п╩я▌п╥я▀*, *я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟*, *п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟я┌п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟*, *п╡п╦я─я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ я┘п╬я│я┌п╦п╫пЁ п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ jail* п╦ *я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╣ я│ п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┌п╬п╧*. п╜я┌п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┴п╟п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ я┘п╬я│я┌п╦п╫пЁп╟ п╡п╥п╟п╦п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╣п╢п╬п╡п╣я─п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╩п╦п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╦п╩п╦ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠п╦я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧, п╤п╣я│я┌п╨п╬пЁп╬ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ я│п╣пЁп╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╦ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩п╬п╡ п╬я┤п╦я│я┌п╨п╦ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╡.
+
+п▓п╬ FreeBSD п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╫я▀я┘ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╣п╨, п╟я┐я┌п╣п╫я┌п╦я└п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╦ Kerberos, "п╡п╦я─я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡" я│ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ jail, я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│п╬п╡, п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я▌я┴п╦я┘ chroot п╢п╩я▐ п╬пЁя─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╨ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣, я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡ Secure RPC п╦ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│п╬п╡, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ TCP-п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28acb7efb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME"
+sidenav: gnome
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME
+
+== п╖я┌п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╣ GNOME?
+
+[.right]
+image:../../gifs/gnome/gnome.png[]
+
+п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ GNOME п╠я▀п╩ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌ я│ я├п╣п╩я▄я▌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐п╣п╪я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪. п║ я│п╟п╪п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╣п╧ GNOME п╠я▀п╩п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦ пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╦ я│ п©я─п╬я│я┌я▀п╪ п╢я─я┐п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╬п╪. п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╢ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╬п╪ GNOME п╡п╬ FreeBSD.
+
+п п╟п╨ п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╟ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪ GNU, п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╟ GNOME п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟я│я▄ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟ п╡я│п╣я┘ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ Unix-п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘. п▒п╩п╟пЁп╬п╢п╟я─я▐ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦я▐п╪ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD GNOME п╦ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п╢п╬п╠я─п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄я├п╣п╡, п╡ я█я┌п╬п╪ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╣ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ п╣я│я┌я▄ FreeBSD.
+
+п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ GNOME п╡ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╪п╣я│я▐я├п╣п╡ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╦п╩ я│п╡п╬п╦ пЁя─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╡ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫я┐ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪, п©я─п╦я│я┐я┴п╦я┘ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╣п╧я│я▐ п╦п╫я└я─п╟я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─п╣ .
+
+п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ GNOME п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢п╦я┌ п╨п╟п╨ п╥п╬п╫я┌п╦п╨. п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╟п╪п╦ GNOME я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐:
+
+* http://www.gnome.org[п═п╟п╠п╬я┤п╦п╧ я│я┌п╬п╩ GNOME]: п÷я─п╬я│я┌п╟я▐ п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╬п╨п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧.
+* http://developer.gnome.org[п÷п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ GNOME]: п▒п╬пЁп╟я┌п╟я▐ п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▐ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡, п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨ п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╪п╬я┴п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ Unix.
+* http://www.gnome.org/gnome-office[GNOME Office]: п²п╟п╠п╬я─ п╬я└п╦я│п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧.
+
+== п║п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╟
+
+GNOME п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐я┘ 4.8, 4.9, 5.2, -STABLE п╦ -CURRENT. п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п╦п╥ GNOME п╠я▀п╩п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╣я│п╣п╫п╬ п╡п╬ FreeBSD; п╬п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╡я│я▒ п╣я┴я▒ link:docs/volunteer[п╣я│я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╢ я┤п╣п╪ п©п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄]!
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/contact.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/contact.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3eb91d0a52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/contact.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п п╟п╨ я│ п╫п╟п╪п╦ я│п╡я▐п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐"
+sidenav: gnome
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п п╟п╨ я│ п╫п╟п╪п╦ я│п╡я▐п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐
+
+== п п╬п╫я┌п╟п╨я┌п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐
+
+п▓я│п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ GNOME п╫п╟ FreeBSD п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ mailto:freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org[freebsd-gnome]. п▓я│п╣ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ FreeBSD GNOME, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я┌п╣, п╨я┌п╬ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п╤п╣п╩п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п╡ я┐я│п╬п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╣ GNOME п╫п╟ FreeBSD, п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╨ п╫п╟п╪ link:{handbook}#ERESOURCES-SUBSCRIBE[п©я─п╦я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╦я┌я▄я│я▐]. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╫п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╬я└п╬я─п╪п╩я▐я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╨я┐, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦я┌я▄ п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╣ п╦п╩п╦ п©п╬п©я─п╬я│п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ - п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п©п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org.
+
+п▓я│я▒ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ п╡п╣я│я┌п╦я│я▄ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╣ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╫п╣я┌ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫ п╬п╠я┴п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я│ п╬п╢п╫п╦п╪ п╦п╥ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╫п╟п©я─я▐п╪я┐я▌. п■п╟п╩п╣п╣ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╩п╦я├, я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╡ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ FreeBSD GNOME (п╡ п╟п╩я└п╟п╡п╦я┌п╫п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╨п╣):
+
+* mailto:adamw@FreeBSD.org[Adam Weinberger]
+* mailto:bland@FreeBSD.org[Alexander Nedotsukov]
+* mailto:marcus@FreeBSD.org[Joe Marcus Clarke] (AIM: FreeBSDMarcus)
+* mailto:sobomax@FreeBSD.org[Maxim Sobolev]
+
+п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD GNOME п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╡ IRC. п╒п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩я┐ #freebsd-gnome п╡ я│п╣я┌п╦ FreeNode, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╬п╠я│я┐п╢п╦я┌я▄ GNOME п╫п╟ FreeBSD.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/bugging.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/bugging.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..117598cf7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/bugging.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п п╟п╨ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦я┌я▄ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╣"
+sidenav: gnome
+--- 
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п п╟п╨ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦я┌я▄ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╣
+
+== 1. п· я┤я▒п╪ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╟я┌я▄?
+
+п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪: я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╪п╟п╨я│п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦. п■п╟п╤п╣ п╣я│п╩п╦ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©я─п╦я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╨п╟я▐-я┌п╬ п╦п╥п╠я▀я┌п╬я┤п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐, я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦ п╣я▒ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╬я┌п╠я─п╬я│я▐я┌. п║ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╧ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫я▀, пЁп╬я─п╟п╥п╢п╬ я┘я┐п╤п╣ п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢п╦я┌ я│п╦я┌я┐п╟я├п╦я▐, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╩п╦ п©п╬п╡я┌п╬я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬я┤п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я┌я┐п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ я│п╩п╦я┬п╨п╬п╪ п╪п╟п╩п╬ - п╡ я█я┌п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ я┌п╣я─я▐я┌я▄ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╫п╟ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п©я▀я┌п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я┐пЁп╟п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╦/п╦п╩п╦ п╡я▀я▐я│п╫п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я┐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨я┌п╬ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦п╩ п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╣.
+
+п∙я│я┌я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╬п╡ п╟п╠я│п╬п╩я▌я┌п╫п╬ п╠п╣я│п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я▀я┘ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟я┘, п╫п╣я┤я┌п╬ п╡я─п╬п╢п╣ _"п╜п╧, п©п╬я─я┌ gnomefoo п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌. п╞ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌ FreeBSD-X.Y. п≤я│п©я─п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟."_ п²п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ пЁп╬п╡п╬я─п╦я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п©п╬я┌п╣я─п╣п╧ п╡п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦, п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╣пЁп╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟ п╦ п©я─п╬п©я┐я│п╨п╫п╬п╧ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я│п╣я┌п╦. п п╟п╨ п╪п╦п╫п╦п╪я┐п╪ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я┌я▄ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌:
+
+* п╒п╬я┤п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ (п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬ п╡я▀п╢п╟я▒я┌я│я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╬п╧ `uname -a`).
+* п÷п╣я─п╣я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧, я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣.
+* п²п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ п╡п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ п╬п╨я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ (п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤п╟ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ `/usr/bin/env`).
+* п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦п╥ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, я┌п╬ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╫п╬п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╡я▀ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╧ я─п╟п╥ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▐п╩п╦ п╡п╟я┬п╣ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+* п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐, я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╫п╟я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬пЁп╬ я┌п╦п©п╟ п╫п╣п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╫п╬я│я┌п╦: п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╧ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩ п╫п╣я┐п╢п╟я┤п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ п╬п╨п╬п╫я┤п╦п╩п╬я│я▄ п╫п╣я┐п╢п╟я┤п╫п╬, я┌я─п╟я│я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╨п╟ я│я┌п╣п╨п╟ п╡ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤п╦ п╟п╡п╟я─п╦п╧п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╟п╪п©п╟ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦, я┤я▒я┌п╨п╬п╣ п╦ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀, п╣я│п╩п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌ п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣-я┌п╬ п╫п╣п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я▐, п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣. п÷п╬п©я▀я┌п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я│п╣п╠я▐ п╫п╟ п╪п╣я│я┌п╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╦ п╡ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ п©п╬п╫я▐я┌я▄, п╨п╟п╨п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╦п╪ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀я▐я│п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╫п╬п╡п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀. п²п╣ п╢я┐п╪п╟п╧я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╦ я┐п╤п╣ п╡я│я▒ п╥п╫п╟я▌я┌ п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╣, п╦ п╩п╦я┬я▄ п╩п╣п╫я▐я┌я│я▐ п╣я▒ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄.
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦п╩п╦ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠ п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╟ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀, я┌п╬ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣ п╣пЁп╬ п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╢п╟п╤п╣ п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╣ я│п╬п╡я│п╣п╪ я┐п╡п╣я─п╣п╫я▀, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪. п■п╟п╤п╣ п╣я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╡я│я▒ п╤п╣ п╫п╣ я┌п╟п╨, п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╡п╟п╪п╦ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╫п╟я┌п╬п╩п╨п╫я┐я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟ п╫п╟ п╪я▀я│п╩п╦ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, пЁп╢п╣ я█я┌п╬ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣я┌я▄; п╦ я█я┌п╬ я│я█п╨п╬п╫п╬п╪п╦я┌ п╣п╪я┐ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐.
+
+== 2. п я┐п╢п╟ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╟я┌я▄?
+
+п÷п╣я─п╣п╢ я┌п╣п╪, п╨п╟п╨ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╟я┌я▄ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╣ п╦п╩п╦ п╢п╟п╤п╣ п©п╬я│я▀п╩п╟я┌я▄ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦, http://www.freebsd.org/search/[п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╦я│п╨] п╡ п╟я─я┘п╦п╡п╟я┘ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD GNOME п╫п╟ п©я─п╣п╢п╪п╣я┌ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╫п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╟п╩п╬я│я▄ п╩п╦ я┐п╤п╣ п╬п╠ я█я┌п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╣ я─п╟п╫п╣п╣. п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪, п╬ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п©п╦я┬п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╣ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦, п©п╬п╡я┌п╬я─я▐я▌я┌я│я▐, п╦ п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╟ п╡я▀ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ пЁп╬я─п╟п╥п╢п╬ п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╣п╣.
+
+п п╟п╨ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡я▀ я┐п╠п╣п╢п╦п╩п╦я│я▄, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╬п╡п╟я▐ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟, я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╡ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦я┌я▄ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╣ п╡ GNOME п©п╬п╢ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ FreeBSD: п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╡я▀я│п╩п╟я┌я▄ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ mailto:freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org[я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-gnome], п╥п╟п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ я└п╬я─п╪я┐ я│ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╡ http://www.freebsd.org/support#gnats[я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨ FreeBSD], п©п╬я│п╩п╟я┌я▄ я│п╡п╬я▒ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫п╬п╪я┐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨я┐ GNOME я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ п╦я┘ http://bugzilla.gnome.org/[я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨] п╦п╩п╦ п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╠п╦п╫п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╦п╥ я█я┌п╦я┘ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╡.
+
+п²п╣п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╫п╬ п╬п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄, п╨я┐п╢п╟ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐п╣я┌ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ - п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╬п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠я┴п╣пЁп╬ я┘п╟я─п╟п╨я┌п╣я─п╟, п╬п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╡п╬я┌ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄:
+
+* п∙я│п╩п╦ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╦ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ я┘п╟я─п╟п╨я┌п╣я─ (п╨ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я┐, п╫п╣я│п╬п╡п©п╟п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я│я┐п╪п╪, п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟ п©я─п╦ п╫п╟п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╦ п©п╟я┌я┤п╟, я│п╦п╫я┌п╟п╨я│п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╟я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ Makefile п©п╬я─я┌п╟ п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣), я┌п╬ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╬ п╫п╣п╧ п╡ mailto:freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org[я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-gnome].
+* п∙я│п╩п╦ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╫п╬ п╫п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╫п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╫п╣я┌ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐, я┌п╬ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╣п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ (п╢п╩я▐ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ GNOME я█я┌п╬ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╦я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪ Bugzilla).
+* п∙я│п╩п╦ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟ п╫п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╫п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD, п╫п╬ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ я│п╣я─я▄я▒п╥п╫п╬п╧, п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐, я┌п╬ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦я┌п╣ п╡ п╬п╠п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨, п╨п╟п╨ FreeBSD, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╟, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я█я┌п╬я┌ п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫я▀п╧ п©п╬я─я┌ п╠я▀п╩ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ FreeBSD я│п╪п╬пЁп╩п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╟я┬п╣ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╠п╣п╥ п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣пЁп╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟ п╬я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/develfaq.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/develfaq.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c3a0e7b03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/develfaq.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: FAQ п©п╬ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ GNOME"
+sidenav: gnome
+---
+
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: FAQ п©п╬ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ GNOME
+
+== п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟п╫п╦п╣
+
+. <<q1,п■п╩я▐ я┤п╣пЁп╬ п╡п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣ п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫я▀ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ GNOME?>>
+. <<q2,п²я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╩п╦ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ GNOME?>>
+. <<q3,п п╟п╨ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ GNOME?>>
+. <<q4,п п╟п╨ я│п╡п╬п╣п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╡я│я▒ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦ п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌я▄ п╡ п╟п╨я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦?>>
+. <<q5,п╖я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌?>>
+. <<q6,п п╟п╨ я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╢ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪п╦ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐п╪п╦?>>
+. <<q7,п п╟п╨п╬п╡п╬ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╣п╣ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╣п╩ я│ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╧ п╫п╟п╢ GNOME п╡п╬ FreeBSD?>>
+
+== п÷п╬п╩п╫я▀п╧ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌
+
+[q1]]
+. *п■п╩я▐ я┤п╣пЁп╬ п╡п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣ п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫я▀ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ GNOME?*
++
+п╒п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌ п╦п╥ я│п╣п╠я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀, п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╪ GNOME, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©п╬я│я┌п╣п©п╣п╫п╫п╬ п©я─п╣п╡я─п╟я┴п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ (пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐) п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦. п▓ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╣ GNOME п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌я│я▐ я┌я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╦я┘ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╦:
++
+.. *STABLE* - п÷я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╦, п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╡ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╣, я│я┤п╦я┌п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ "пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡я▀п╪п╦ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐", п╦ я█я┌п╬ я┌п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│я▐я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD. п²п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╣п╧ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ GNOME {gnomever}.
++
+.. *DEVELOPMENT* - п▓ п©я─п╬п╪п╣п╤я┐я┌п╨п╟я┘ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟п╪п╦ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀. п╒я─п╟п╢п╦я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀ GNOME п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ п╫п╣я┤я▒я┌п╫я▀п╣ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─п╟ (п╨ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я┐, 2.3, {gnomedevelver}, 2.(n*2)-1). п╒п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀ я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡я▐я┌я│я▐ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟п╪п╦, п╦ п╡ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟п╢ п╫п╦п╪п╦ п╢п╡п╦пЁп╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╬я┌ п╟п╩я▄я└п╟- п╨ п╠п╣я┌п╟- п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡я┐. п╒п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐я▌я┌ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪п╦ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╪п╦п╫п╦п╪п╦п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╫п╣п©я─п╦я▐я┌п╫я▀я┘ я│я▌я─п©я─п╦п╥п╬п╡ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╟ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ п╡ CVS-п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ FreeBSD. п▓ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╣ п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╟я▐ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╟. п²п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╬п╧ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ GNOME {gnomedevelver}.
++
+.. *CVS* - п≈п╟я┤п╟я│я┌я┐я▌ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┴п╟я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╣п╣ я│п╟п╪я▀я┘ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨ GNOME п╡п╣я┌п╨п╦ HEAD п╦п╥ CVS-я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╟ п╬п╠п╩п╟п╢п╟я▌я┌ п╟п╩я▄я└п╟-п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ п╦ я┤п╟я│я┌п╬ п╡п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣ п╫п╣ я│я┌я─п╬я▐я┌я│я▐. п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╣, п╫п╬ п╫п╣ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╨п╬п╢ п╟п╩я▄я└п╟-п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟.
++
+[[q2]]
+. *п²я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╩п╦ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ GNOME?*
++
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╟ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣, п╟п╠я│п╬п╩я▌я┌п╫п╬ п╫п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬. п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╡п╣я┌п╨я┐ GNOME {gnomedevelver}, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п╡ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨ п╦ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD GNOME. п▓я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌п╣ п╬п╢п╬п╠я─п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╣я│п╩п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ GNOME п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╬я┌п╫п╦п╪п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╟я┬п╣ п╩п╦я┤п╫п╬п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐.
++
+[[q3]]
+. *п п╟п╨ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ GNOME?*
++
+mailto:marcus@FreeBSD.org[Marcus] п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ CVS-я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╣, пЁп╢п╣ я┘я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я│я▐ п╡я│п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ GNOME п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD. п≤п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╦ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▄ я│ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦ п╦ п╬п╠я┼п╣п╢п╦п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╣пЁп╬ я│ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD, п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╟. п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п©я─п╬я┤я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://www.marcuscom.com:8080/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi.
++
+п■п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨, п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╦ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩ `/etc/make.conf`, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╡ я┌я─п╟я│я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╡я▀п╥п╬п╡п╬п╡ gdb я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟п╩п╟я│я▄ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐:
++
+....
+CFLAGS=  -O -g -pipe
+STRIP=
+....
++
+. [[q4]] *п п╟п╨ я│п╡п╬п╣п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╡я│я▒ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦ п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌я▄ п╡ п╟п╨я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦?*
++
+п∙я│п╩п╦ пЁп╬п╡п╬я─п╦я┌я▄ п╨я─п╟я┌п╨п╬, я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬п╪ `marcusmerge` п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠я┼п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ я│ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD. п║п╨я─п╦п©я┌ `marcusmerge` п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ http://www.marcuscom.com/downloads/marcusmerge[п╥п╢п╣я│я▄], п╟ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫я┐я▌ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╟ http://www.marcuscom.com/marcusmerge.8.html[я┌я┐я┌]. п╜я┌п╬я┌ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌ п╬п╠я┼п╣п╢п╦п╫п╦я┌ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╣ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ я│ п╡п╟я┬п╦п╪ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀п╪ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡. п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╡я▀ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌ link:../faq2/#q6[portupgrade] п╢п╩я▐ п╟п╨я┌я┐п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧.
++
+п▒п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╧ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌ п╥п╟п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ я┌п╬п╪, я┤я┌п╬ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╦ GNOME я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╩п╬п╤п╫п╬п╧ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╣п╧. п≤п╫п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ п╪п╣п╫я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ я┌п╟п╨, я┤я┌п╬ `portupgrade` п╫п╣ я│я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╦п╩п╦ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌я▀ п╣пЁп╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟п╣я┌п╣я│я▄ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ п╡п╣я┌п╨я┐, я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╪п╣я┬п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨ я│п©п╦я│п╨я┐ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-gnome[freebsd-gnome], п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╨ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩я┐ IRC _#freebsd-gnome_ п╡ я│п╣я┌п╦ FreeNode (`irc.freenode.net`).
++
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я│я▒ я█я┌п╬ п╥п╡я┐я┤п╦я┌ я│я┌я─п╟я┬п╫п╬п╡п╟я┌п╬, п╟ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╣п╫ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╩п╦я┬я▄ "я─п╟п╠п╬я┤я┐я▌" п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨я┐, я┌п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╧я┌п╣ я│п╬ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╬п╧ GNOME.
++
+[[q5]]
+. *п╖я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌?*
++
+п▓ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я┌ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╢я┐п╪п╟п╣я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╣п╧ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╟ GNOME, я┌п╬ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦я┌п╣ п╬ п╫п╣п╧ п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ *bug-buddy* п╦п╩п╦ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╟ http://bugzilla.gnome.org[BugZilla] GNOME (*п≈п░п°п∙п╖п░п²п≤п∙:* п≤п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ п╨ BugZilla п╢п╩я▐ Evolution п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ http://bugzilla.ximian.com[п╥п╢п╣я│я▄]). п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╢я┐п╪п╟п╣я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟ п╥п╟п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ п©п╬я─я┌п╣ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╦п╩п╦ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD, я┌п╬ п©п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org п╦п╩п╦ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦я┌п╣ п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╣ п╫п╟ IRC-п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩п╣ _#freebsd-gnome_ я│п╣я┌п╦ FreeNode.
++
+п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п©п╣я─п╣я│я▀п╩п╟п╧я┌п╣ ID п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨ п╦п╥ GNOME/Ximian п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╪я▀ я│п╪п╬пЁп╩п╦ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀. п║п©п╟я│п╦п╠п╬!
++
+[[q6]]
+. *п п╟п╨ я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╢ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪п╦ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐п╪п╦?*
++
+п²п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╫п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫я▀ п╩я▌п╢п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я┌я┴п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╣п╧я┬п╣пЁп╬ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╟п╨я│п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨. п²п╟п╪ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫я▀ п╩я▌п╢п╦ я│ я┘я┐п╢п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п©я─п╦п╡п╩п╣п╨п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ link:../screenshots.html[я│п╨я─п╦п╫я┬п╬я┌п╬п╡].
++
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟я│ п©я─п╦п╡п╩п╣п╨п╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╡я▀ п╥п╫п╟п╣я┌п╣ Perl, я┌п╬ п╫п╟п╪ _п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬_ п╫я┐п╤п╣п╫ п╨я┌п╬-я┌п╬, п╨я┌п╬ п©п╬п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╡ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ http://www.gnome.org/projects/gst/index.html[gnome-system-tools]. п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ marcus@FreeBSD.org, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╥п╟п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╬п╡п╟п╩п╦я│я▄ п╡ я┌п╬п╪, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ я█я┌п╬п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣.
++
+п■п╟п╤п╣ п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ п╫п╣ п╫я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╣п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ я│ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪, п╫п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╟ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬п╠ п╬п©я▀я┌п╣ п©п╬ п©п╣я─п╣я┘п╬п╢я┐ п╬я┌ GNOME {gnomever} п╨ GNOME {gnomedevelver}; п╫п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫я▀ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╣п╢я┐я┌ я│п╣п╠я▐ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╫п╬; п╫п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╡ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌я▐я┘ п╡я│я▒, я┤я┌п╬ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╦ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨п╬п╫п╣я┤п╫п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▌ п╡ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣п╪.
++
+[[q7]]
+. *п п╟п╨п╬п╡п╬ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╣п╣ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╣п╩ я│ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╧ п╫п╟п╢ GNOME п╡п╬ FreeBSD?*
++
+п■п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╦ GNOME {gnomedevelver}, п╡я│п╣ п╬п╫п╦ я│я┌я─п╬я▐я┌я│я▐ п╠п╣п╥ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨.
++
+п÷п╬п╢п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╣п╣ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╦п╥ `x11/gnome2-fifth-toe` п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╦п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦. п÷п╬п╨п╟ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╦ п╬п╢п╫п╬ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣ я│п╡я▐п╥п╨я┐ я│ {cpp}; я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ я│п╡я▐п╥п╨п╟ я│ {cpp} п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐, п╫п╬ п╫п╦ п╬п╢п╫п╬ п╦п╥ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ Fifth Toe п©п╬п╨п╟ я│ п╫п╣п╧ п╫п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─я┐п╣я┌я│я▐.
++
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬ libgnomeui-2.5.2 п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©п╬я─я┌я▀ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╫п╣ я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄я│я▐. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┌п╦я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ п╫п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©п╬п╢пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌я▄ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╦п╨п╬п╫п╨п╦.
++
+п÷п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ п╫п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╡я▀п╧я┌п╦ п╦п╥ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╡ GNOME 2.5.1. п╜я┌п╬ п©я─п╬я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ п©п╬п╢п╡п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╟ п©я┐п╫п╨я┌п╬п╡ Actions->Log Out. п═п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬я┌п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я┐п╫п╨я┌п╟ "Prompt on logout" п╡ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╣ Applications->Desktop Preferences->Advanced->Sessions.
++
+п≤п╨п╬п╫п╨п╦ п╫п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣п╪ я│я┌п╬п╩п╣ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ п©п╬п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦я▐. пёя┌п╡п╣я─п╤п╢п╟п╣я┌я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬ п©я─п╬я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╦п╥ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ wheel.
++
+*п≤п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╣ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦:*
+* http://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=129349[#129349]: [gnome-terminal] keybindings don't work if menu bar isn't visible
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/example-makefile.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/example-makefile.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f6baa98e7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/example-makefile.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п÷я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╫я▀п╧ Makefile п╢п╩я▐ GNOME"
+sidenav: gnome
+--- 
+
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п÷я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╫я▀п╧ Makefile п╢п╩я▐ GNOME
+
+п■п╟п╩п╣п╣ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╫я▀п╧ Makefile п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ FreeBSD п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ GNOME.
+
+....
+# New ports collection makefile for:    gnomeapp
+# Date created:                     27 December 2003
+# Whom:                             Some GNOME User <freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org>
+#
+# $FreeBSD: head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/htdocs/gnome/docs/example-Makefile.xml 43181 2013-11-13 06:10:37Z hrs $
+#
+
+# For this example, assume there was already a gnomeapp in the tree, and that this
+# is the GTK+-2 version (i.e. gnomeapp2 versus gnomeapp).
+PORTname=       gnomeapp2
+PORTVERSION=    {gnomever}.2
+MASTER_SITES=   ${MASTER_SITE_GNOME}
+MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR= sources/${PORTNAME:S/2//}/{gnomever}
+DISTname=       ${PORTNAME:S/2//}-${PORTVERSION}
+DIST_SUBDIR=    gnome2
+
+MAINTAINER=     gnome@FreeBSD.org
+COMMENT=        A GNOME app that does some stuff
+
+USE_BZIP2=      yes
+USE_X_PREFIX=   yes
+USE_LIBTOOL=    yes # many GNOME apps need libtool, and most need GNU configure
+USE_GMAKE=      yes # same with GNU make
+# This is for i18n:
+CONFIGURE_ENV+= CPPFLAGS="-I${LOCALBASE}/include" \
+                LDFLAGS="-L${LOCALBASE}/lib"
+USE_GNOME=      gnomehack gnometarget lthack gtk20
+
+# This application can dock in the GNOME panel, or it can not.
+# But there's no need to build support for it if the GNOME panel
+# libraries are not installed, so only build GNOME panel support
+# if the gnomepanel port is already installed.
+WANT_GNOME=     yes
+
+.include <bsd.port.pre.mk>
+
+.if ${HAVE_GNOME:Mgnomepanel}!=""
+USE_GNOME+=         gnomepanel
+CONFIGURE_ARGS+=    --with-gnome
+PKGNAMESUFFIX=      -gnome
+.else
+CONFIGURE_ARGS+=    --without-gnome
+.endif
+
+# Given all the above code, the package name is either "gnomeapp2-{gnomever}.2-gnome" or
+# "gnomeapp2-{gnomever}.2", depending upon whether you want gnomepanel support. The downloaded
+# distfile will be "gnomeapp-{gnomever}.2.tar.bz2."
+
+.include <bsd.port.post.mk>
+  
+....
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/faq.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/faq.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d254d28874
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/faq.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,577 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: FAQ п©п╬ GNOME"
+sidenav: gnome
+--- 
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: FAQ п©п╬ GNOME
+
+== п я─п╟я┌п╨п╬п╣ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟п╫п╦п╣
+
+. <<q1,п п╟п╨ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ GNOME {gnomever} п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD?>>
+. <<q2,п÷п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄ GNOME {gnomever} п╦п╥ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╣ я┐п╢п╟я▒я┌я│я▐. п╖я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄?>>
+. <<q3,п╞ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦п╩ GNOME {gnomever}, п╫п╬ я┌п╟п╪ п╫п╣я┌ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ foo. п⌠п╢п╣ п╡п╥я▐я┌я▄?>>
+. <<q4,п п╟п╨ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│ GNOME 1.4 п╫п╟ GNOME 2?>>
+. <<q5,п п╟п╨ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│ GNOME {gnomeoldver} п╫п╟ GNOME {gnomever}?>>
+. <<q6,п п╟п╨ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫п╬п╣ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦п╣ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ GNOME {gnomever}?>>
+. <<q7,п°п╬пЁя┐ п╩п╦ я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ GNOME 1.4 п╡ GNOME {gnomever}?>>
+. <<q8,п⌠п╢п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╢п╩я▐ GNOME {gnomever}?>>
+. <<q9,п п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╬п╨п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╢п╤п╣я─я▀ п╫п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ я│ GNOME {gnomever}?>>
+. <<q10,п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╩п╦ GNOME {gnomever} я┬я─п╦я└я┌я▀ я│ п╟п╫я┌п╦п╟п╩п╦п╟я│п╦п╫пЁп╬п╪?>>
+. <<q11,п п╟п╨ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄, я│ п╨п╟п╨п╦п╪п╦ я┬я─п╦я└я┌п╟п╪п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╟п╫я┌п╦п╟п╩п╦п╟я│п╦п╫пЁ?>>
+. <<q12,п п╟п╨ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╬я┌я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╪п╣п╫я▌ GNOME 2?>>
+. <<q13,п п╟п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╬п╡ GTK+ 2 я│ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ GTK+ 2 п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╡п╫п╣ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╦ GNOME?>>
+. <<q14,п п╟п╨ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ GNOME 1.4 п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╡ GNOME {gnomever}?>>
+. <<q15Nautilus-cd-burner п╫п╣ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄ CD, п╩п╦п╠п╬ Totem/Goobox/Sound-juicer п╫п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢ CD/DVD. п п╟п╨ я█я┌п╬ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄?>>
+. <<q16,[п п╟п╨ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ я│п╣п╟п╫я│я▀ GDM?>>
+. <<q17,п п╟п╨ п╬я┌п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п╬п╨п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪ Nautilus?>>
+. <<q18,п п╟п╨ п╬я┌п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╨п╬п╫п╨п╦ "Computer", "Home" п╦ "Trash" п╫п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣п╪ я│я┌п╬п╩п╣?>>
+. <<q19,[п п╟п╨ п╡ Nautilus я│п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩п╦?>>
+. <<q20,п÷п╬я┤п╣п╪я┐ GNOME я┌п╟п╨ п╪п╣п╢п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟п╣я┌я│я▐?>>
+. <<q21,п п╟п╨ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ GNOME п╦п╥ GNOME Tinderbox?>>
+. <<q22,п п╟п╨ п╡ GNOME п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ MIME-я┌п╦п©я▀?>>
+. <<q23,п п╟п╨ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄ GDM п╢п╩я▐ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╡я┘п╬п╢п╟ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐?>>
+. <<q24,п п╟п╨ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ я│я─п╣п╢я▀ я│ gnome2-lite п╢п╬ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ GNOME {gnomever}?>>
+
+== п÷п╬п╩п╫я▀п╧ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌
+
+[[q1]]
+. *п п╟п╨ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ GNOME {gnomever} п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD?*
+п≤п╪п╣я▌я┌я│я▐ п╢п╡п╟ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╟ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ GNOME {gnomever} п╡п╬ FreeBSD. п÷п╣я─п╡я▀п╪ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╪ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ link:{handbook}#packages-using[п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧], п╟ п╡я┌п╬я─я▀п╪ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ link:{handbook}#ports-using[п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡]. п÷п╣я─п╣п╢ я┌п╣п╪, п╨п╟п╨ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣-п╩п╦п╠п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦, я│п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╬п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ я│ http://www.gnome.org/start/{gnomever}/notes/[п╥п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣] GNOME {gnomever}.
++
+пёя│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ GNOME {gnomever} п╦п╥ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧.
++
+п■п╩я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ GNOME {gnomever} п╦п╥ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧ п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╬п╧:
++
+`# pkg_add -r gnome2`
++
+п·п╫п╟ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╦ GNOME {gnomever} я│ FTP-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD п╦ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌ п╦я┘ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨я┐ п╡ п╡п╟я┬я┐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐.
++
+п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ GNOME п╢п╩я▐ i386 п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ FreeBSD я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ я│ <<q21,GNOME Tinderbox>>.
++
+п■п╩я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ GNOME {gnomever} п╦п╥ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌я▄ п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ link:{handbook}#cvsup[cvsup] п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╣п╣ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡. п≈п╟я┌п╣п╪:
++
+....
+# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2
+# make clean
+# make install clean
+....
++
+п▓п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ File Alteration Monitor (FAM) п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ я│я─п╣п╢п╣ {gnomever}.
++
+п▓ GNOME п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╟ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ File Alteration Monitor (`devel/fam`), п╢п╩я▐ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ я│я─п╣п╢я▀ GNOME п©п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я│ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟п╪п╦, п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪я▀п╪п╦, я┐п╢п╟п╩я▐п╣п╪я▀п╪п╦ п╦п╩п╦ п╪п╬п╢п╦я└п╦я├п╦я─я┐п╣п╪я▀п╪п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╟п╪п╦. п■п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©я─п╣п╦п╪я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟п╪п╦ я█я┌п╬п╧ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ FAM п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╡ inetd.conf(5). п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ `ports/devel/fam/pkg-message`.
++
+п≈п╟п©я┐я│п╨ GNOME {gnomever} п╬п╢п╫п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ я│ X.
++
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨ п╡я▀ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦п╩п╦ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨я┐ GNOME {gnomever}, п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ GNOME {gnomever} п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬, п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦п╡ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌ я│я┌я─п╬п╨я┐ п╡ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╦п╥ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ `~/.xsession` п╦п╩п╦ `~/.xinitrc`, я┌я┐п╢п╟, пЁп╢п╣ я█я┌п╬ я┐п╢п╬п╠п╫п╣п╣:
++
+....
+exec gnome-session
+....
++
+[[q2]]
+. *п÷п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄ GNOME {gnomever} п╦п╥ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╣ я┐п╢п╟я▒я┌я│я▐. п╖я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄?*
++
+п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╟я▐ п╪п╟я│я│п╟ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪ я│ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я├п╦п╣п╧ GNOME {gnomever} п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╟ п©я┐я┌я▒п╪ <<q6,п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐>> п╡я│п╣я┘ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ GNOME {gnomever} п╢п╬ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧.
++
+п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪ я┐я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╦ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╦
++
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╣я┴я▒ п╫п╣ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╩п╦ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢п╟я├п╦п╦, п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╡ <<q6,FAQ #6>>, я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╧я┌п╣ я█я┌п╬, п©п╬я┌п╬п╪я┐ я┤я┌п╬, я│п╨п╬я─п╣п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬, я█я┌п╬ я─п╣я┬п╦я┌ я┌п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀, я─п╟п╢п╦ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╡я▀ я┤п╦я┌п╟п╣я┌п╣ я█я┌п╬я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌.
++
+п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, я│п╩п╣п╢я┐п╧я┌п╣ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪, п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╡ <<q6,FAQ #6>>. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╣ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌п╣ п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╥п╟ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌, я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п©п╬я│п╬п╡п╣я┌я┐я▌я┌ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦п╥ FAQ #6.
++
+п▓ п╬п╠я┴п╣п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌ GNOME {gnomever} я┐я│я┌п╟я─п╣п╩, я┌п╬ п╡я▀ я┐п╡п╦п╢п╦я┌п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╣, п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫п╬п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╪я┐:
++
+....
+checking for libgnomeui-2.0 libbonoboui-2.0 libbonobo-2.0 >= 2.2.1
+gnome-vfs-2.0 libgnomeprint-2.2 >= 2.3.0 libgnomeprintui-2.2 libglade-2.0...
+configure: error: Library requirements (libgnomeui-2.0 libbonoboui-2.0
+libbonobo-2.0 >= 2.2.1 gnome-vfs-2.0 libgnomeprint-2.2 >= 2.3.0 libgnomeprintui-2.2
+libglade-2.0) not met; consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
+if your libraries are in a nonstandard prefix so pkg-config can find them.
+....
++
+п÷я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌п╣ п╡п╟я┬п╣ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╡ <<q6,п╟п╨я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦>>, п╦ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦ п©я─п╬я▐п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌.
++
+п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟я─п╣п╩п╟ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╟ `pkg-config`, я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╠п╩я▌п╢п╟я┌я▄ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟я┘ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦, п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪:
++
+....
+configure: error: *** pkg-config too old; version 0.14 or better required.
+....
++
+п╔п╬я┌я▐ я█я┌п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╬ п╡ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╪ п╪п╣я│я┌п╣, п╫п╬ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡п©п╬п╩п╫п╣ п©п╬п╫я▐я┌п╫п╬: п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ pkg-config. п÷я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ pkg-config п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ п©п╬я─я┌я┐ `devel/pkgconfig`. п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ п╢п╬ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╣п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ я█я┌п╟ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟ п╦я│я┤п╣п╥п╫п╣я┌.
++
+п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╠п╩я▌п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я┌п╬я─п╟, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│ pthreads (POSIX(R) threads), я┌п╦п©п╟ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘:
++
+....
+undefined reference to 'strerror_r'
+....
++
+п■п╩я▐ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│ п©п╬я┌п╬п╨п╟п╪п╦ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╡п╟п╪ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п╡п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣:
++
+....
+options     _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
+....
++
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌п╣ -stable п╦п╩п╦ -current, *п╫п╣ п╥п╟п╢п╟п╡п╟п╧я┌п╣* `NOLIBC_R` п╡ `/etc/make.conf`. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я█я┌п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩п╦, я┌п╬ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦я┌п╣ п╦ п©п╣я─п╣я│я┌я─п╬п╧я┌п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐. п∙я│п╩п╦ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ п╡я│я▒ п╣я┴я▒ п╬я│я┌п╟п╩п╦я│я▄, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п©п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org я│ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤п╣п╧ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я├п╦п╧. п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╟п╣я┌ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ config.log п╦п╥ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣пЁп╬ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╟.
++
+п≤я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╡я┐я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╦ я┌п╬п╧ п╤п╣ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╦.
++
+п·п╠я▀я┤п╫я▀п╪ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨ п©я─п╦ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╦ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦п╣ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╦я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╦ я┌п╬п╧ п╤п╣ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╦. п╜я┌п╬ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌п╣ п╢п╡п╣ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╦ я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╤п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╟, п╦п╩п╦ п╢п╟п╤п╣ п©я─п╦ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬п╪ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ `portupgrade`. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я│п╬я┘я─п╟п╫п╦я┌я▄ я─п╣п╥п╣я─п╡п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п©п╦п╦ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╣ `/usr/local/lib/compat/pkg` п╦ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦я┌я▄ п╦я┘, п╟ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ `portupgrade -u -rf         pkgconfig`. п╜я┌п╦п╪ п╡я▀ п╡я▀п╫я┐п╢п╦я┌п╣ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п©п╣я─п╣я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│ GNOME (п╦ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪), п╡ п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╦ я│я┌п╟я─я▀я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╣ `/usr/local/lib/compat/pkg`.
++
+. [[q3]]
+*п╞ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦п╩ GNOME {gnomever}, п╫п╬ я┌п╟п╪ п╫п╣я┌ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ foo. п⌠п╢п╣ п╡п╥я▐я┌я▄?*
++
+п▓ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤ `gnome2` п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╠п╟п╥п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╦. п▓п╬я┌ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╪п╣я┌п╟-п©п╬я─я┌я▀ GNOME, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я┐п╢п╬п╠п╫п╬ я│пЁя─я┐п©п©п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╬ п©п╬п©я┐п╩я▐я─п╫п╬п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ GNOME 2.
+* *GNOME 2 Fifth Toe* (`x11/gnome2-fifth-toe`) я│п╬я│я┌п╬п╦я┌ п╦п╥ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ GNOME 2, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟я▌я┌ я┐п╡п╦п╢п╣я┌я▄ п╡ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ п╬п╨я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣пЁп╬ я│я┌п╬п╩п╟. п║я▌п╢п╟ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫я▀ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦, п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ я┤п╟я┌п╟ п╦ п╪пЁп╫п╬п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╪п╣п╫п╟ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╪я┐п╥я▀п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╦ п╪я┐п╩я▄я┌п╦п╪п╣п╢п╦п╧п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╦пЁя─я▀п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦
+* *GNOME 2 Hacker Tools* (`devel/gnome2-hacker-tools`) я│п╬я│я┌п╬п╦я┌ п╦п╥ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫я▀я┘ GNOME-п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡. п║я▌п╢п╟ п╡я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ IDE, п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌п╣п╩п╦ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╬п╡, "я┘п╟п╨п╣я─я│п╨п╦п╣" я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╬я─я▀ п╦ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ пЁп╣п╫п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п╨п╬п╢п╟.
+* *GNOME 2 Office* (`editors/gnome2-office`) я│п╬я│я┌п╬п╦я┌ п╦п╥ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я┤п╟я│я┌п╬ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╬я└п╦я│п╫я▀п╣ п╦ п╢п╣п╩п╬п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀. п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ я┌п╟п╠п╩п╦я├п╟п╪п╦, я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡я▀п╧ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─, п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟п╪п╦, п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ п╠п╟п╥п╬п╧ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘, п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╦п╟пЁя─п╟п╪п╪.
+* п÷п╟п╨п╣я┌ *GNOME 2 Power Tools* (`x11/gnome2-power-tools`) я│п╬я│я┌п╬п╦я┌ п╦п╥ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌ п╦ п╟п©п©п╩п╣я┌ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦-п╬я─п╦п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ GNOME. п▓ п╫я▒п╪ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌я│я▐ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я▀я┘ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦п╥ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ Desktop п╦ Fifth Toe.
++
+п■п╩я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╩я▌п╠я▀я┘ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╬п╡ п╦п╥ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧:
+....
+# pkg_add -r meta-port
+....
++
+п²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╢п╩я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ GNOME 2 Fifth Toe п╦п╥ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧:
++
+....
+# pkg_add -r gnome2-fifth-toe
+....
++
+п■п╩я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╩я▌п╠я▀я┘ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╬п╡ п╦п╥ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡:
++
+....
+# cd /usr/ports/category/meta-port
+# make clean
+# make install clean
+....
++
+п²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╢п╩я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ GNOME 2 Fifth Toe п╦п╥ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡:
++
+....
+# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2-fifth-toe
+# make clean
+# make install clean
+....
++
+[[q4]]
+. *п п╟п╨ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│ GNOME 1.4 п╫п╟ GNOME 2?*
++
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌п╣ GNOME 1.4 п╦ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╣я▒ п╢п╬ GNOME {gnomever}, я┌п╬ я│п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ п╬п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪я▄я┌п╣я│я▄ я│ http://www.gnome.org/start/2.0/installation.html#upgrading[п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪п╦] п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦я▐п╪п╦ п©п╬ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╫п╟ я│п╟п╧я┌п╣ GNOME. пёп╢п╬я│я┌п╬п╡п╣я─я▄я┌п╣я│я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╟я┬п╦ п©п╬я─я┌я▀ GNOME 1.4 п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╢п╬ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧, п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я┤п╣пЁп╬ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦я┌п╣ п╦п╥ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╦ GNOME 1.4:
++
+....
+gnomecore
+sawfish
+gnomeapplets
+gnomemedia
+gtop
+libgtop
+nautilus
+gedit
+xalf
+bugbuddy
+gnomeaudio
+gnomegames
+gnomeutils
+gdm
+eog
+ggv
+....
++
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я█я┌п╦я┘ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄ GNOME {gnomever} п╡ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╦ я│ <<q1,п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╡я▀я┬п╣>>.
++
+[[q5]]
+. *п п╟п╨ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│ GNOME {gnomeoldver} п╫п╟ GNOME {gnomever}?*
++
+п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ я│п╪п╣п╫я▀ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ я│ {gnomeoldver} п╫п╟ {gnomever} п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│п╩п╬п╤п╫п╣п╣, я┤п╣п╪ п©п╣я─п╣я┘п╬п╢ я│ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ 2.4 п╫п╟ {gnomeoldver}. п²п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣п╪ п©я─п╬я┤п╣я│я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫я▀п╣ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╦ п╡ link:../faq26[FAQ п©п╬ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌].
++
+[[q6]]
+. *п п╟п╨ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫п╬п╣ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦п╣ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ GNOME {gnomever}?*
++
+п²п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╡п╟п╪ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣п╪ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я┐ `portupgrade` -- п╦ _я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬_ `portupgrade` -- п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╟я┬п╦я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ GNOME {gnomever} п╡ п╟п╨я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦.
++
+п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╟я┬п╦я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ `portupgrade.`
++
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ (п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ `cvsup`) я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╢п╡п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡я▐я┌ п╡я│я▒, я┤я┌п╬ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄, п╦ я─п╣я┬п╟я┌ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ я│п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪п╦ п╫п╣я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╦я▐п╪п╦:
++
+....
+# pkgdb -F
+# portupgrade -a
+....
++
+п≈п╟п©я┐я│п╨ я│ п╫я┐п╩я▐.
++
+п²п╣я│п╪п╬я┌я─я▐ п╫п╟ п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫п╬п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ `portupgrade`, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я│я▒ п©п╣я─п╣я│я┌п╟я▒я┌ я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ я│п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╟п╪п╦, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╦п╥п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я│п╣п╠я▐ п╬я┌ пЁп╬п╩п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╠п╬п╩п╦ п╦п╩п╦ я│я█п╨п╬п╫п╬п╪п╦я┌я▄ я┤п╟я│п╟ я┌я─п╦, п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦п╡ п╡я│п╣ я│п╡п╬п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ GNOME п╦ п©п╣я─п╣я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦п╡ п╦я┘ (я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ я│ п╡п╟я┬п╦п╪п╦ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╬я│я┌п╟п╫я┐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣я┌я─п╬п╫я┐я┌я▀п╪п╦). п■п╩я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀:
++
+....
+# pkgdb -F
+# pkg_delete -rf pkgconfig\*
+# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2
+# make clean
+# make install clean
+....
++
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ п╬я┌я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╡я▀я┬п╣я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п©п╣я─п╣я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╟п╪ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ GNOME. п╜я┌п╬ п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢п╦я┌ п╨п╟п╨ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│, п╬п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╫п╟ я│п╟п╪п╬п╪ п╢п╣п╩п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╣п╨я─п╟я│п╫я▀п╪ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╪ п©п╬я┤п╦я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╡п╟я┬я┐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐. п÷я─п╬я│я┌п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟п╧я┌п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ п╪п╣я─п╣ п©п╬я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╡ п╫п╦я┘, п╦ п╡я▀ я┐п╢п╦п╡п╦я┌п╣я│я▄, я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я│я┌п╡п╟ п╡п╟п╪ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╬я│я▄ я│я█п╨п╬п╫п╬п╪п╦я┌я▄. п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬п╣ п©п╣я─п╣я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐; п╨ я│я┤п╟я│я┌я▄я▌, я█я┌п╬ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ я─п╣п╢п╨п╬.
++
+[[q7]]
+. *п°п╬пЁя┐ п╩п╦ я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ GNOME 1.4 п╡ GNOME {gnomever}?*
++
+п÷п╬я─я┌я▀ п╢п╩я▐ GNOME 1.4 п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╫п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ я│ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╬п╧ GNOME 2. п║я┌п╟я─я▀п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╫п╣я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪я▀ я│ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╬п╧ GNOME 2, п╠я▀п╩п╦ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╦п╥ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, я┌п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ п╡ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╣ GNOME 2 п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╠п╣п╥ п╬п©п╟я│п╨п╦ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟я┌я▄ п╩я▌п╠я▀п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ GNOME п╦п╥ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
++
+[[q8]]
+. *п⌠п╢п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╢п╩я▐ GNOME {gnomever}?*
++
+п²п╟ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ Web-я│п╟п╧я┌п╟я┘ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╢п╩я▐ GTK+-1/2, metacity, sawfish, nautilus, GDM п╦ п╦п╨п╬п╫п╬п╨, я└п╬п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩я▀:
+* http://art.gnome.org[art.gnome.org]
+* http://www.gnome-look.org[GNOME-look.org]
+* http://www.themedepot.org[The Theme Depot]
+* http://themes.freshmeat.net[themes.freshmeat.net]
+* http://jimmac.musichall.cz/icons.php[п║п╟п╧я┌ Jimmac's Icons]
+п■п╩я▐ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╦п╥ я█я┌п╦я┘ я┌п╣п╪ я┐п╤п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╦ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫я▀ п©п╬я─я┌я▀ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD. п╔п╬я─п╬я┬п╦п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╡ п╪п╣я┌п╟-п©п╬я─я┌п╟я┘ `x11-themes/gnome-icons` п╦ `x11-themes/metacity-themes`.
+[[q9]]
+. *п п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╬п╨п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╢п╤п╣я─я▀ п╫п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ я│ GNOME {gnomever}?*
++
+п÷п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╪п╣я┌п╟-п©п╬я─я┌ `gnome2` я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╬п╨п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╢п╤п╣я─ metacity. п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╪ п©п╬п©я┐п╩я▐я─п╫я▀п╪ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╢п╤п╣я─п╬п╪ п╬п╨п╬п╫, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ я│ GNOME {gnomever}, я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ http://sawmill.sourceforge.net/[sawfish]. Sawfish п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣п╫ п╡ п©п╬я─я┌п╣ `x11-wm/sawfish2`.
++
+п■п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╣я─п╣п╧я┌п╦ я│ metacity п╫п╟ sawfish п╡ GNOME 2, п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣:
++
+....
+# killall metacity; sawfish &
+# gnome-session-save --gui
+....
++
+п п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ `gnome-session-save` п╡п╟п╤п╫п╟. п▒п╣п╥ п╫п╣я▒ п©я─п╦ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡п╬п╥п╡я─п╟я┴я▒п╫ п╬п╨п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╢п╤п╣я─, п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ я─п╟п╫п╣п╣. п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╡п╬п╥п╡я─п╟я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╫п╬, п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌п╣ п╡ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╣ sawfish п╫п╟ metacity.
++
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╬я│я▄ п╥п╟я│я┌п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨я┐ GNOME {gnomever} п©п╬п╢ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬пЁп╬ п╬п╨п╬п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╢п╤п╣я─п╟, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╧я┌п╣ я│п╫п╦п╪п╬п╨ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╟ п╦ mailto:freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org[п©я─п╦я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п╣пЁп╬ п╫п╟п╪]!
++
+[[q10]]
+. *п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╩п╦ GNOME {gnomever} я┬я─п╦я└я┌я▀ я│ п╟п╫я┌п╦п╟п╩п╦п╟я│п╦п╫пЁп╬п╪?*
++
+п■п╟! п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╟п╫я┌п╦п╟п╩п╦п╟я│п╦п╫пЁп╟ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ XFree86 4.x п╦п╩п╦ X.Org я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ freetype2. п■п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╡ X п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ freetype2, п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤я▄я┌п╣ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨я┐ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╣п╧ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╣ Modules я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ XF86Config п╦п╩п╦ xorg.conf:
++
+....
+Load    "freetype"
+Load    "type1"
+....
++
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─я▄я┌п╣ п╨п╟п©п©п╩п╣я┌я┐ Fonts п╡ Applications->Desktop Preferences. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╦п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ я┬я─п╦я└я┌п╬п╡ TrueType, я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬я─я┌ `x11-fonts/webfonts`.
++
+п≤п╫п╬пЁп╢п╟, п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я┬я─п╦я└я┌п╬п╡ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐, п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟ п╫п╦я┘ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌п╣ fontconfig. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╦я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╣п╢п╟п╡п╫п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ я┬я─п╦я└я┌я▀ п╫п╣п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ п╢п╟п╤п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟ GNOME 2, п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я┐, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▐ п╨п╟п╨ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ root:
++
+....
+# fc-cache -f -v
+....
++
+п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п©я─п╦я│я▀п╩п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╦я┘ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org.
++
+[[q11]]
+. *п п╟п╨ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄, я│ п╨п╟п╨п╦п╪п╦ я┬я─п╦я└я┌п╟п╪п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╟п╫я┌п╦п╟п╩п╦п╟я│п╦п╫пЁ?*
++
+GNOME {gnomever} п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ п╟п╫я┌п╦п╟п╩п╦п╟я│п╦п╫пЁп╬п╪ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌ libXft п╦ fontconfig. Fontconfig я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╪п╬я┴п╫я▀п╪ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ я┬я─п╦я└я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ XML. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩ `~/.fonts.conf`, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╡я│п╣п╪п╦ п╟я│п©п╣п╨я┌п╟п╪п╦ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀ fontconfig. п  п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я┐, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╣ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я▐я┌я▄ п╟п╫я┌п╦п╟п╩п╦п╟я│п╦п╫пЁ п╨ я┬я─п╦я└я┌п╟п╪, п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╦п╪ я┤п╣п╪ 16 п©я┐п╫п╨я┌п╬п╡, я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╧я┌п╣ `~/.fonts.conf` я│п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╪я▀п╪:
++
+....
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
+<fontconfig>
+
+<match target="font">
+        <test name="size" compare="less_eq">
+                <double>16</double>
+        </test>
+        <edit name="antialias" mode="assign">
+                <bool>false</bool>
+        </edit>
+</match>
+<match target="font">
+        <test name="pixelsize" compare="less_eq">
+                <double>16</double>
+        </test>
+        <edit name="antialias" mode="assign">
+                <bool>false</bool>
+        </edit>
+</match>
+</fontconfig>
+....
++
+п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ fonts-conf(5) п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦.
++
+[[q12]]
+. *п п╟п╨ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╬я┌я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╪п╣п╫я▌ GNOME 2?*
++
+п▓ GNOME {gnomever} п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄, я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╦п╪п╣п╫п╬п╡я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©я┐п╫п╨я┌я▀ п╪п╣п╫я▌ GNOME п╦п╫п╟я┤п╣, я┤п╣п╪ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ я│п╟п╪п╬я│я┌п╬я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ я─я┐я┤п╫п╬п╣ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ .desktop. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╣п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╟я├п╦п╦ п©я┐п╫п╨я┌п╬п╡, я┐п╤п╣ п©я─п╦я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╡ п╪п╣п╫я▌ Applications, п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ `deskutils/gnome-menu-editor`.
++
+п÷п╬я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ п©п╬ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╪п╣п╫я▌ п©п╬п╨п╟ п╥п╟п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ GNOME 2.12.
++
+[[q13]]
+. *п п╟п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╬п╡ GTK+ 2 я│ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ GTK+ 2 п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╡п╫п╣ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╦ GNOME?*
++
+п÷я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ GNOME 2 п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я▌я┌ я│п╡п╬п╦ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀ GTK+ 2 п╦п╥ я┌п╣п╪ п╦ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪п╬п╡ я┌п╣п╪. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ GTK+ 2 п╡п╫п╣ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╦ GNOME, я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩ я│ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╣п╪ `~/.gtkrc-2.0`.
++
+п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╦п╢п╤п╣я┌я▀ п╦п╥ я┌п╣п╪я▀ GTK+ 2 п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╡п╫п╣ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╦ GNOME, п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ (`include`) я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ `gtk-2.0/gtkrc` п╡ п╡п╟я┬ `~/.gtkrc-2.0`. п²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─:
++
+....
+include "/usr/X11R6/share/themes/Crux/gtk-2.0/gtkrc"
+....
++
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ я█я┌п╬ п╫я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я│я▐, я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╬п╢п╫я┐ п╦ я┌я┐ п╤п╣ я┌п╣п╪я┐ GTK+ 1.2 п╨п╟п╨ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ GTK+ 1.2, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ GTK+ 2, я┤я┌п╬ п╢п╟я│я┌ п╡п╟я┬п╦п╪ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╟п╪ GTK+ п╣п╢п╦п╫я▀п╧ п╡п╦п╢. п▓ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╣ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣п╡ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╣я│я┌п╦ (я│ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪п╦ п╬пЁп╬п╡п╬я─п╨п╟п╪п╦) я│п╡п╬п╦ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ п╦п╥ п╡п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ `~/.gtkrc` (п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ п╡ GTK+ 1.2).
+.. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п©я─п╦я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧ п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪ я┌п╣п╪, п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬я┌ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪п╬п╪я┐ п╡ GTK+ 2. п▓ п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦я┌п╣ п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▄ п╬ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪п╟я┘.
+.. п≈п╟п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ я┬я─п╦я└я┌п╬п╡ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╫п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ п╨п╟п╨п╦я┘ п╠я▀ я┌п╬ п╫п╦ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╠п╩п╬п╨п╟я┘ `style`, п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╡я▀п╪ я│п╩п╬п╡п╬п╪ `gtk-font-name`. п²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─:
++
+....
+gtk-font-name = "Verdana 11"
+....
++
+п≈п╟п╪п╣я┌я▄я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ я┘п╬я┌я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩ `gtkrc` п╢п╩я▐ GTK+ 1.2 п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ я│ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╪ `gtkrc-2.0` п╢п╩я▐ GTK+ 2, п╡ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╫я┐я▌ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫я┐ я█я┌п╬ _п╫п╣_ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌: я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╪п╬п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ `gtkrc-2.0` п╢п╩я▐ GTK+ 2 п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я│я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄, п╠я┐п╢я┐я┤п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╣я│я▒п╫п╫п╬п╣ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩ `gtkrc` п╢п╩я▐ GTK+ 1.2.
++
+п■п╩я▐ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╧ я│п╪п╣п╫я▀ я┌п╣п╪ GTK+, п╠п╣п╥ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╟я┬п╦я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ `~/.gtkrc`, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦ `x11/gtk-theme-switch` п╦ `x11/gtk2-theme-switch`.
++
+[[q14]]
+. *п п╟п╨ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ GNOME 1.4 п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╡ GNOME {gnomever}?*
++
+пёя│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌п╣ `sysutils/gnomecontrolcenter`, п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╦п╥ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╦ п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌п╣ `gnomecc` п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ я├п╣п╫я┌я─п╬п╪ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ GNOME 1.4.
++
+[[q15]]
+. *Nautilus-cd-burner п╫п╣ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄ CD, п╩п╦п╠п╬ Totem/Goobox/Sound-juicer п╫п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢ CD/DVD. п п╟п╨ я█я┌п╬ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄?*
++
+Nautilus-cd-burner, totem, goobox п╦ sound-juicer п╫п╣ я│п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ я│ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟п╪п╦ CD/DVD, п©п╬п╨п╟ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╣ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╟ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я█я┌п╦я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╦ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫я▀ п©я─п╟п╡п╟ п╫п╟ п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▄ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ я█я┌п╦я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡. Nautilus-cd-burner, totem, goobox п╦ sound-juicer я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ я│ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╟п╪п╦ CD/DVD я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ п©п╬п╢я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ SCSI CAM. п÷п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я┐п╢п╬я│я┌п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╪ я▐п╢я─п╣ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣:
++
+....
+device          scbus
+device          cd
+device          pass
+....
++
+п÷я─п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╬п╡ CD/DVD я│ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╬п╪ ATAPI п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╣ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌я│я▐ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦:
++
+....
+device      atapicam
+....
++
+п■п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╫я▐я┌я▄, п╨п╟п╨п╬п╣ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬ CD/DVD п╡я▀ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄, п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я┐, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▐ п╨п╟п╨ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ root:
++
+....
+# camcontrol devlist
+....
++
+п▓я▀п╢п╟я┤п╟ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢п╣я┌я▄ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╫п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪:
++
+....
+<QSI CDRW/DVD SBW-242 UD22>       at scbus1 target 0 lun 0 (cd0,pass0)
+....
++
+п▓п╟п╤п╫я▀ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟, п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╡ п╨п╬п╫я├п╣ п╡ я│п╨п╬п╠п╨п╟я┘. п▓я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я┐п╢п╬я│я┌п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╣ `/dev` п╢п╩я▐ я█я┌п╦я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╦ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ nautilus-cd-burner, totem, goobox п╦п╩п╦ sound-juicer. п я─п╬п╪п╣ я█я┌п╦я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡, п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ я│ nautilus-cd-burner, totem, goobox п╦ sound-juicer, п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╦ п╦ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ `/dev/xpt*`. п║п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ `/etc/devfs.conf` п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢я┐я┌ п╨ п╤п╣п╩п╟п╣п╪п╬п╪я┐ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌я┐ п©я─п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╡я▀я┬п╣п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ (*NB:* `devfs.conf` п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡п╬ FreeBSD 5.X):
++
+....
+perm    cd0     0666
+perm    xpt0    0666
+perm    pass0   0666
+....
++
+п▓п╬ FreeBSD 4.X п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╟п╡п╟ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╨ я└п╟п╧п╩я┐ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟, п╦ п╬п╫п╦ п╬я│я┌п╟п╫я┐я┌я│я▐ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪п╦ п╤п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦. п≈п╟п╪п╣я┌я▄я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╬ FreeBSD 4.X п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ я┌п╦п©п╟ 'c' (п╨ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я┐, `cd0c`).
++
+[[q16]]
+. *п п╟п╨ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ я│п╣п╟п╫я│я▀ GDM?*
++
+п÷п╬я─я▐п╢п╬п╨ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я│п╣п╟п╫я│п╬п╡ GDM я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╦п╩я│я▐ п©я─п╦ п©п╣я─п╣я┘п╬п╢п╣ п╬я┌ GNOME 2.2 п╨ {gnomever}. п╒п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я│п╣п╟п╫я│п╬п╡ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩ `.desktop`, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌я│я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─п╟я┘ я│п╣п╟п╫я│п╟. п╓п╟п╧п╩я▀ я│п╣п╟п╫я│п╬п╡ я─п╟я│п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╣ `/usr/X11R6/etc/dm/Sessions`. п²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╣п╟п╫я│п╟ KDE, я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╧я┌п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩ п╡ `/usr/X11R6/etc/dm/Sessions` я│ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╣п╪ `kde.desktop`. п╜я┌п╬я┌ я└п╟п╧п╩ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌я▄ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣:
++
+....
+[Desktop Entry]
+Encoding=UTF-8
+Name=KDE
+Comment=This session logs you into KDE
+Exec=/usr/local/bin/startkde
+TryExec=/usr/local/bin/startkde
+Icon=
+Type=Application
+....
++
+п╜я┌п╬я┌ я└п╟п╧п╩ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀п╪. п²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─:
++
+....
+# chmod 0555 kde.desktop
+....
++
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ п©п╣я─п╣п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌п╣ GDM, п╦ п╡ п╪п╣п╫я▌ _Sessions_ п©п╬я▐п╡п╦я┌я│я▐ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╟ п╫п╟ *KDE*.
++
+[[q17]]
+. *п п╟п╨ п╬я┌п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п╬п╨п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪ Nautilus?*
++
+п▓ GNOME {gnomever} Nautilus я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╡ я┌п╟п╨ п╫п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣п╪п╬п╪ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п╬п╨п╬п╫п╫п╬п╪ ("spatial") я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣. п╜я┌п╬ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╨п╟п╤п╢я▀п╧ п╬п╠я┼п╣п╨я┌ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╪ п╬п╨п╫п╣. п╒п╟п╨п╬п╣ п©п╬п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╬п╧я┌п╦ п╫п╣ п╡я│п╣п╪ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╡п╣я─п╫я┐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨ я│я┌п╟я─п╬п╪я┐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╪я┐ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╢п╤п╣я─я┐ Nautilus, п©п╣я─п╣п╧п╢п╦я┌п╣ п╡ Desktop->Preferences->File Management, я┴я▒п╩п╨п╫п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╟ п╥п╟п╨п╩п╟п╢п╨п╣ Behavior п╦ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╦я─я┐п╧я┌п╣ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ "Always open in browser windows".
++
+[[q18]]
+. *п п╟п╨ п╬я┌п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╨п╬п╫п╨п╦ "Computer", "Home" п╦ "Trash" п╫п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣п╪ я│я┌п╬п╩п╣?*
++
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╫п╟ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╪ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣п╪ я│я┌п╬п╩п╣ п╫п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀я┘ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╦п╨п╬п╫п╬п╨ "Computer", "Home" п╦ "Trash", я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╬я┌п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣ п╦п╩п╦ п╩я▌п╠я▀п╣ п╦п╥ п╫п╦я┘. п■п╩я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌п╣ *Applications > System Tools > Configuration Editor*, п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╧п╢п╦я┌п╣ п╨ п╨п╩я▌я┤я┐ `/apps/nautilus/desktop`. п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я┌я▄ п╦п╩п╦ п╡я▀п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я┌я▄ п╦п╨п╬п╫п╨п╦, п╦ п╢п╟п╤п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╦п╪п╣п╫п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ "Home" п╦ "Trash".
++
+[[q19]]
+. *п п╟п╨ п╡ Nautilus я│п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩п╦?*
++
+п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ я│п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩п╦ (п╨ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я┐, п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╦, п╢п╦я│п╨п╣я┌я▀ п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣) п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ п╡ Nautilus, п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ sysctl-п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ `vfs.usermount` п╡ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ `1`. п■п╩я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌ я│я┌я─п╬п╨я┐ п╡ `/etc/sysctl.conf`, п╟ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨я┐:
++
+....
+vfs.usermount=1
+....
++
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╟я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╟я▐ я┌п╬я┤п╨п╟ п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╟ п╡ `/etc/fstab`. п²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╣я│п╩п╦ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ `marcus` я┘п╬я┤п╣я┌ п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ CD п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ `/home/marcus/cdrom`, я┌п╬ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ `/etc/fstab` п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ п©я─п╦я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┌п╟п╨п╟я▐ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╟:
++
+....
+/dev/acd0   /home/marcus/cdrom cd9660  ro,noauto 0 0
+....
++
+п÷п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╣ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╦ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©п╬п╫п╟п╢п╬п╠п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬п╪я┐ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▌. *п≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣:* п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡п╩п╟п╢п╣п╩я▄я├п╣п╪ я┌п╬я┤п╨п╦ п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╫п╟ п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▄ п╢п╩я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟, п╬ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╦п╢я▒я┌ я─п╣я┤я▄. п▓ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╣ п╡я▀я┬п╣ п╡п╩п╟п╢п╣п╩я▄я├п╣п╪ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╟ `/home/marcus/cdrom` п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ `marcus` п╦ `marcus` п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п©я─п╟п╡п╟ п╫п╟ п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▄ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ `/dev/acd0`. п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ п╡я│п╣я┘ я█я┌п╦я┘ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─п╬п╡ п╡ Nautilus п╡ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╣ Computer п©п╬я▐п╡п╦я┌я│я▐ п╦п╨п╬п╫п╨п╟ CD-ROM. п■п╡п╬п╧п╫п╬п╧ я┴п╣п╩я┤п╬п╨ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╦п╨п╬п╫п╨п╣ п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢я▒я┌ п╨ п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ CD п╦ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╦п╨п╬п╫п╨п╦ п╫п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣п╪ я│я┌п╬п╩п╣.
++
+п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╪ я┌п╬п╫п╨п╦п╪ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╪ п©я─п╦ п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ я│п╪п╣п╫я▐п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ п©п╬п╪п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, я┤я┌п╬ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ я┌п╬я┤п╣п╨ п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ `/etc/fstab` п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я┐п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ _п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╣_ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╟ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╬п╡. п²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ `/home` я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╦п╪п╡п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╬п╧ п╫п╟ `/usr/home`, я┌п╬ п╡ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╣ п╡я▀я┬п╣ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄ `/usr/home/marcus/cdrom`. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╣ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌п╣, я┌п╬ п©я─п╦ п©п╬п©я▀я┌п╨п╣ я─п╟п╥п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬ п╦п╩п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨ п╫п╣п╪я┐ я│я┌п╬п╩п╨п╫я▒я┌п╣я│я▄ я│п╬ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟п╪п╦.
++
+п⌠я█я─п╦ п■п╟п╫п╫ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╩ http://www.aloha.com/~knowtree/howto/gnomeSMBmount.html[п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫я▀п╣ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╦] п©п╬ п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ я┌п╬п╪п╬п╡ SMB п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪п╦.
++
+[[q20]]
+. *п÷п╬я┤п╣п╪я┐ GNOME я┌п╟п╨ п╪п╣п╢п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟п╣я┌я│я▐?*
++
+п▓ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫я▀п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟я▐я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟ GNOME я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│п╣п╨я┐п╫п╢ (п╫п╣ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©я▐я┌п╫п╟п╢я├п╟я┌п╦). п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п©я─п╦ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╟я┘ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╡я┘п╬п╢п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╥п╟я┌я▐п╫я┐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я├п╣п╩я▀п╧ я┤п╟я│.
++
+п÷п╣я─п╡я▀п╪ п╢п╣п╩п╬п╪ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─я▄я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╦п╪я▐ я┘п╬я│я┌п╟ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬. п■п╩я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я┐:
++
+....
+ping `hostname`
+....
++
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ п╬п╨п╬п╫я┤п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣я┐п╢п╟я┤п╫п╬, п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╣ п╦п╪я▐ я┘п╬я│я┌п╟ п╡ DNS п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩ `/etc/hosts`. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╫п╣я┌ я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ IP-п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╟, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╪я▐ я┘п╬я│я┌п╟ п╡ я│я┌я─п╬я┤п╨я┐ я│ `localhost` я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ `/etc/hosts`. п  п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я┐, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╣п╪ я┘п╬я│я┌п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ `gnome-rocks.mydomain.com`, п╬я┌я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─я┐п╧я┌п╣ `/etc/hosts`, п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╦п╡ я│я┌я─п╬я┤п╨я┐:
++
+....
+127.0.0.1               localhost localhost.my.domain
+....
++
+п²п╟:
++
+....
+127.0.0.1              localhost localhost.my.domain gnome-rocks gnome-rocks.mydomain.com
+....
++
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨ я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦ я┘п╬я│я┌п╟ п╥п╟я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╩п╬, п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я┐п╢п╬я│я┌п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ FAM. п²п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▐ я│ GNOME {gnomever}, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ FAM п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╡ `gnomevfs2` п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╟. п╜я┌п╬ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╨ я┌п╬п╪я┐, я┤я┌п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╟п╨ Nautilus, п©я─п╦ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╣ п©я▀я┌п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╬п╪ `127.0.0.1:111`. п■п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ FAM п©я─п╬я┤я┌п╦я┌п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩ `pkg-message` п╡ `/usr/ports/devel/fam`. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╣ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ FAM, я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬я─я┌ `devel/fam`, п╟ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌ я│я┌я─п╬п╨я┐ п╡ `/etc/make.conf` п╦ п©п╣я─п╣я│я┌я─п╬п╧я┌п╣ п©п╬я─я┌ `devel/gnomevfs2 port`:
++
+....
+WITHOUT_FAM=yes
+....
++
+п²п╟п╨п╬п╫п╣я├, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ sysctl-п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ blackhole п╢п╩я▐ TCP п╦п╩п╦ UDP, я█я┌п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©я─п╦п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ п╨ п╥п╟п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟п╪ п©я─п╦ п╡я┘п╬п╢п╣ п╡ GNOME. п∙я│п╩п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╪я▒п╫ я┘п╬я│я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ FAM, п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨ GNOME п╡я│я▒ п╣я┴я▒ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐, я┌п╬ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─я▄я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ sysctl-п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─п╬п╡ п╠я▀п╩п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╬ п╡ 0:
++
+....
+net.inet.tcp.blackhole
+net.inet.udp.blackhole
+....
++
+[[q21]]
+. *п п╟п╨ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╦ GNOME я│ GNOME Tinderbox?*
++
+http://www.marcuscom.com/tinderbox/[GNOME Tinderbox] я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧, п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫п╬ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟я▌я┴п╣п╧я│я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧ i386 пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ я│я─п╣п╢я▀ GNOME п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ FreeBSD. п▓п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я┐ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п╠п╟п╥я▀ п╡ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣п╪ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©п╬я▐п╡п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╪п╣я┌п╟-п©п╬я─я┌я▀. п╜я┌п╬я┌ я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©я─п╣п╨я─п╟я│п╫я▀п╪ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╪ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╟п╪п╬п╧ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╣п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ GNOME, я█п╨п╬п╫п╬п╪я▐я┴п╦п╪ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╫п╟ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡я│п╣п╧ я│я─п╣п╢я▀ п╦п╥ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
++
+п■п╩я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧ я│ GNOME Tinderbox п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╬п╨я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ `PACKAGESITE` п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ я│ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╟п╪п╦. п∙пЁп╬ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╦я┌я▄, я┴я▒п╩п╨п╫я┐п╡ п©п╬ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╣ _Package Directory_ п╫п╟ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ Tinderbox. п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╟ я│ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╟п╪п╦ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╨ п╫п╣п╪я┐ `/Latest/`, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я┐ `pkg_add gnome2` п╠п╣п╥ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─п╟ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧. п  п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я┐, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌п╣ я│ FreeBSD 5.2.1, п╥п╟п╢п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ `PACKAGESITE` я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪:
++
+....
+http://www.marcuscom.com/tb/packages/5.2.1-FreeBSD/Latest/
+....
++
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌п╣ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ FreeBSD -STABLE, -CURRENT п╦п╩п╦ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╪ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╪ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ 4.9 п╦п╩п╦ 5.2, я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ <<q1,п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦я▐п╪>> п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ GNOME п╦п╥ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╣я│п╩п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘ FreeBSD 4.9 п╦п╩п╦ 5.2.1, я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬я─я┌ п╦п╩п╦ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤ `sysutils/pkg_install`, п╟ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ GNOME п╦п╥ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧:
++
+....
+/usr/local/sbin/pkg_add -r gnome2
+....
++
+п░п╢п╣ п⌡п╟п╡п╣я┌я┌ (ade) п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я─п╣пЁя┐п╩я▐я─п╫п╬п╣ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╬п╡ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧ amd64 п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╪п╣я┌п╟-п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ GNOME 2 п╫п╟ я│п╡п╬я▒п╪ http://tinderbox.lovett.com/[я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧].
++
+[[q22]]
+. *п п╟п╨ п╡ GNOME п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ MIME-я┌п╦п©я▀?*
++
+п²п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▐ я│ GNOME {gnomever} MIME-я┌п╦п©я▀ я┘я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╣п╢п╦п╫п╬п╧ п╠п╟п╥п╣ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ FreeDesktop. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ gnome-control-center п╣я┴я▒ п╫п╣ п╠я▀п╩ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▒п╫ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ я┌п╦п©я▀ MIME п╡ я█я┌я┐ п╠п╟п╥я┐ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘. п╒п╟п╨п╦п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╟п╨ Nautilus, я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╟я┌ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, я┤я┌п╬ я│ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╪ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╪ п╫п╣ я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫ п╫п╦п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧ MIME-я┌п╦п©, я┌п╬ п╥п╟п╨п╩п╟п╢п╨п╟ _Open With_ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╣ Properties я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌.
++
+п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ я┌п╦п©я▀ MIME п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╡ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╪ п╦п╩п╦ п╢п╡я┐я┘ п╪п╣я│я┌п╟я┘. п╒п╦п©я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╟ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣ п╡я│п╣п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧, п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╩п╬п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐. MIME-я┌п╦п©я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ `${LOCALBASE}/share/mime` п╩п╦п╠п╬ `${X11BASE}/share/mime`, п╟ п╩п╬п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ MIME-я┌п╦п©я▀ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ `~/.local/share/mime`. п▓ п╬п╠п╬п╦я┘ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟я▐я┘ п©я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─п╟ п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢п╦я┌ п╬п╢п╦п╫п╟п╨п╬п╡п╬.
++
+п■п╩я▐ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ MIME-я┌п╦п©п╟ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ _application_ п╦ _packages_, п╣пЁп╬ п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣. п≤п╪я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ application п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┌п╦п©я┐ MIME, п╦ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌я▄ п╣пЁп╬ п╫п╟п╥п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╨я─п╟я┌п╨п╬п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣. п▓ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ packages п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╦я│п╩я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡я│п╣ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦я▐, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│ я█я┌п╦п╪ MIME-я┌п╦п©п╬п╪, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╩я▌п╠я▀п╣ я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╩я▐ п╦п╢п╣п╫я┌п╦я└п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╦ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╠п╣п╥ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦п╧.
++
+п  п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я┐, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╪я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦п╪ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╩п╬п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ MIME-я┌п╦п© п╢п╩я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╟ Windows HTML Help (я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ .chm) я│ п╫п╟п╥п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ *application/x-chm*, п╪я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣. п║п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ п╪я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╦ `~/.local/share/mime/application` п╦ `~/.local/share/mime/packages`, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╬п╫п╦ п╫п╣ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌. п≈п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╪я▀ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я▒п╪ я└п╟п╧п╩ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╢ п╫п╟п╥п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ `x-chm.xml`, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╣ `~/.local/share/mime/application`. п╓п╟п╧п╩ п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢п╦я┌ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪:
++
+....
+<xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<mime-type
+xmlns="http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info"
+type="application/x-chm">
+  <comment>Windows HTML Help file</comment>
+</mime-type>
+....
++
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╪я▀ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я▒п╪ packages-я└п╟п╧п╩ я│ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╣п╪ `chm.xml`, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п©п╬п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪ п╡ `~/.local/share/mime/packages`. п╓п╟п╧п╩ п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢п╦я┌ я┌п╟п╨:
++
+....
+<xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<mime-info
+xmlns="http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info">
+  <mime-type type="application/x-chm">
+    <comment>Windows HTML Help file</comment>
+    <glob pattern="*.chm" />
+  </mime-type>
+</mime-info>
+....
++
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╠п╟п╥я┐ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ MIME. п■п╩я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨я┐я▌ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я┐:
++
+....
+% update-mime-database ~/.local/share/mime
+....
++
+п≤, п╫п╟п╨п╬п╫п╣я├, п╨ я│п╬п╤п╟п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌, п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╡я▀п╧я┌п╦ п╦п╥ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╦ п©п╬п╡я┌п╬я─п╫п╬ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ GNOME, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡я│я┌я┐п©п╦п╩п╦ п╡ я│п╦п╩я┐ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌. п╒п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╡я▐п╥п╨п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│ я█я┌п╦п╪ MIME-я┌п╦п©п╬п╪ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ _Properties->Open With_ п╡ Nautilus. п  я│я┤п╟я│я┌я▄я▌, п╡я│п╣ я█я┌п╦ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я▐ п╡ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣п╪ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣ GNOME п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┐п©я─п╬я┴п╣п╫я▀.
++
+[[q23]]
+. *п п╟п╨ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄ GDM п╢п╩я▐ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╡я┘п╬п╢п╟ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐?*
++
+GNOME Display Manager (GDM) п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫ п╫п╟ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦я▌ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ п©я─п╦ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╣. п■п╩я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╣п╧ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ (PAM) п╢п╩я▐ _gdm-autologin_. п▓ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ 5.X я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╧я┌п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩ `/etc/pam.d/gdm-autologin` я│ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╪я▀п╪:
++
+....
+auth       required     pam_nologin.so
+auth       required     pam_permit.so
+account    required     pam_unix.so
+session    required     pam_permit.so
+....
++
+п▓ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ 4.X, п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╦ п╡ `/etc/pam.conf`:
++
+....
+gdm-autologin    auth        required    pam_permit.so
+gdm-autologin    account     required    pam_unix.so
+gdm-autologin    session     required    pam_permit.so
+....
++
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ PAM, я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╟я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦я▌ GDM, п╬я┌я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─я┐п╧я┌п╣ `/usr/X11R6/etc/gdm/gdm.conf` п╦ п╥п╟п╢п╟п╧я┌п╣ `AutomaticLoginEnable=true`, п╟ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ `AutomaticLogin` я┐п╨п╟п╤п╦я┌п╣ п╦п╪я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐, п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬пЁп╬ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╦я┌я▄ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╧ п╡я┘п╬п╢. п  п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я┐:
++
+....
+AutomaticLoginEnable=true
+AutomaticLogin=marcus
+....
++
+п╜я┌п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩п╦я┌ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦я▌ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ _marcus_ я│я─п╟п╥я┐ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟ GDM.
++
+[[q24]]
+. *п п╟п╨ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ я│я─п╣п╢я▀ я│ gnome2-lite п╢п╬ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ GNOME {gnomever}?*
++
+п▓ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ _Lite_ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╫п╣ п╡я│п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ я│я─п╣п╢я▀ GNOME {gnomever}. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩п╫я┐я▌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌, я│п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦я┌п╣ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤ `gnome2-lite`, п╟ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ <<q1,я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌п╣>> п©п╬я─я┌ п╦п╩п╦ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤ `gnome2`. п  п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я┐:
++
+....
+# pkg_delete gnome2-lite
+....
++
+п≈п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╬п╢п╫п╬ п╦п╥ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣пЁп╬:
++
+....
+# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2
+# make install clean
+....
++
+п╩п╦п╠п╬:
++
+....
+# pkg_add -r gnome2
+....
++
+п п╟п╨ п╟п╩я▄я┌п╣я─п╫п╟я┌п╦п╡я┐, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ GNOME п╡ п╦п╫п╢п╦п╡п╦п╢я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╨п╣ п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦п╩п╦ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/gnome2_porting.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/gnome2_porting.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee36dd913d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/gnome2_porting.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ GNOME 2"
+sidenav: gnome
+--- 
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ GNOME 2
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,",]
+|===
+|*п п·п°п÷п·п²п∙п²п╒* |*п║п·п·п╒п▓п∙п╒п║п╒п▓пёп╝п╘п░п╞ п÷п═п·п⌠п═п░п°п°п░* |*п▓п п⌡п╝п╖п░п∙п°п╚п∙ п п·п°п÷п·п²п∙п²п╒п╚*
+|atk |accessibility/atk |glib20
+|atspi |accessibility/at-spi |gtk20 libbonobo
+|desktopfileutils |devel/desktop-file-utils |glib20
+|eel2 |x11-toolkits/eel |gnomedesktop
+|evolutiondataserver |databases/evolution-data-server |libgnomeui
+|gal2 |x11-toolkits/gal2 |gnomeui libgnomeprintui
+|gconf2 |devel/gconf2 |orbit2 libxml2 gtk20
+|_glib20 |devel/glib20 |pkgconfig
+|glib20 |devel/gio-fam-backend |_glib20
+|gnomecontrolcenter2 |sysutils/gnome-control-center |metacity gnomemenus desktopfileutils libgnomekbd gnomedesktop librsvg2
+|gnomedesktop |x11/gnome-desktop |gconf2 gnomedocutils pygtk2
+|gnomedesktopsharp20 |x11-toolkits/gnome-desktop-sharp20 |gnomesharp20
+|gnomedocutils |textproc/gnome-doc-utils |libxslt
+|gnomemenus |x11/gnome-menus |glib20
+|gnomepanel |x11/gnome-panel |gnomedesktop libwnck gnomemenus gnomedocutils librsvg2 libgnomeui
+|gnomesharp20 |x11-toolkits/gnome-sharp20 |gnomepanel gtkhtml3 gtksharp20 librsvg2 vte
+|gnomespeech |accessibility/gnome-speech |libbonobo
+|gnomevfs2 |devel/gnome-vfs |gconf2 gnomemimedata
+|gtk20 |x11-toolkits/gtk20 |intltool atk pango
+|gtkhtml3 |www/gtkhtml3 |libgnomeui
+|gtksharp10 |x11-toolkits/gtk-sharp10 |gtk20
+|gtksharp20 |x11-toolkits/gtk-sharp20 |gtk20
+|gtksourceview |x11-toolkits/gtksourceview |libgnome libgnomeprintui
+|gtksourceview2 |x11-toolkits/gtksourceview2 |gtk20 libxml2
+|gvfs |devel/gvfs |glib20 gconf2
+|libartlgpl2 |graphics/libart_lgpl |pkgconfig
+|libbonobo |devel/libbonobo |libxml2 orbit2
+|libbonoboui |x11-toolkits/libbonoboui |libgnomecanvas libgnome
+|libgailgnome |x11-toolkits/libgail-gnome |libgnomeui atspi
+|libgda2 |databases/libgda2 |glib20 libxslt
+|libgda3 |databases/libgda3 |glib20 libxslt
+|libgda4 |databases/libgda4 |glib20 libxslt
+|libglade2 |devel/libglade2 |libxml2 gtk20
+|libgnome |x11/libgnome |gnomevfs2 esound libbonobo
+|libgnomecanvas |graphics/libgnomecanvas |libglade2 libartlgpl2
+|libgnomedb |databases/libgnomedb |libgnomeui libgda3
+|libgnomekbd |x11/libgnomekbd |gconf2
+|libgnomeprint |print/libgnomeprint |libbonobo libartlgpl2 gtk20
+|libgnomeprintui |x11-toolkits/libgnomeprintui |libgnomeprint libgnomecanvas
+|libgnomeui |x11-toolkits/libgnomeui |libbonoboui
+|libgsf |devel/libgsf |gconf2 glib20 libxml2
+|libgsf_gnome |devel/libgsf-gnome |libgsf gnomevfs2
+|libgtkhtml |www/libgtkhtml |libxslt gnomevfs2
+|libidl |devel/libIDL |glib20
+|librsvg2 |graphics/librsvg2 |libgsf gtk20
+|libwnck |x11-toolkits/libwnck |gtk20
+|libxml2 |textproc/libxml2 |pkgconfig
+|libxslt |textproc/libxslt |libxml2
+|libzvt |x11-toolkits/libzvt |gtk20
+|linc |net/linc |glib20
+|metacity |x11-wm/metacity |gconf2
+|nautilus2 |x11-fm/nautilus |librsvg2 gnomedesktop desktopfileutils gvfs
+|nautiluscdburner |sysutils/nautilus-cd-burner |nautilus2 eel2 desktopfileutils
+|orbit2 |devel/ORBit2 |libidl
+|pango |x11-toolkits/pango |glib20
+|pygnome2 |x11-toolkits/py-gnome2 |libgnomeui pygtk2
+|pygnomedesktop |x11-toolkits/py-gnome-desktop |pygnome2 libgnomeprintui gtksourceview gnomepanel libwnck nautilus2 metacity
+|pygnomeextras |x11-toolkits/py-gnome-extras |pygnome2 libgtkhtml
+|pygtk2 |x11-toolkits/py-gtk2 |libglade2
+|pygtksourceview |x11-toolkits/py-gtksourceview |gtksourceview2 pygtk2
+|vte |x11-toolkits/vte |gtk20
+|===
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟п╢ п╡п╟я┬п╦п╪ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╪, п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╟ п╡п╥пЁп╩я▐п╫п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╟ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦п╥ link:../../../ports/gnome.html[я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡]. п╨ п╡п╟я┬п╦п╪ я┐я│п╩я┐пЁп╟п╪ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ mailto:freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org[я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-gnome].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/gnome_porting.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/gnome_porting.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3ec5597b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/gnome_porting.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ GNOME 1"
+sidenav: gnome
+--- 
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ GNOME 1
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,",]
+|===
+|*п п·п°п÷п·п²п∙п²п╒* |*п║п·п·п╒п▓п∙п╒п║п╒п▓пёп╝п╘п░п╞ п÷п═п·п⌠п═п░п°п°п░* |*п▓п п⌡п╝п╖п░п∙п°п╚п∙ п п·п°п÷п·п²п∙п²п╒п╚*
+|bonobo |devel/bonobo |oaf gnomeprint
+|gal |x11-toolkits/gal |libglade
+|gconf |devel/gconf |oaf
+|gdkpixbuf |graphics/gdk-pixbuf |gtk12
+|glib12 |devel/glib12 |pkgconfig
+|gnomecanvas |graphics/gnomecanvas |gnomelibs gdkpixbuf
+|gnomedb |databases/gnome-db |libgda
+|gnomelibs |x11/gnome-libs |esound imlib libxml orbit
+|gnomeprint |print/gnome-print |gnomelibs gnomecanvas
+|gnomevfs |devel/gnome-vfs1 |gnomemimedata gconf gnomelibs
+|gtk12 |x11-toolkits/gtk12 |glib12
+|imlib |graphics/imlib |gtk12
+|libgda |databases/libgda |gconf bonobo
+|libghttp |www/libghttp |
+|libglade |devel/libglade |gnomedb
+|libxml |textproc/libxml |glib12
+|oaf |devel/oaf |orbit libxml
+|orbit |devel/ORBit |glib12
+|pygtk |x11-toolkits/py-gtk |gnomelibs gdkpixbuf libglade
+|===
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟п╢ п╡п╟я┬п╦п╪ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╪, п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╟ п╡п╥пЁп╩я▐п╫п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╟ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦п╥ link:../../../ports/gnome.html[я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡]. п╨ п╡п╟я┬п╦п╪ я┐я│п╩я┐пЁп╟п╪ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ mailto:freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org[я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-gnome].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/knownissues.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/knownissues.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92b89805ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/knownissues.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п≤п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ я│ GNOME п╡п╬ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: gnome
+--- 
+
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п≤п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ я│ GNOME п╡п╬ FreeBSD
+
+п■п╟п╩п╣п╣ п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢я▒я┌ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪ я│ GNOME {gnomever}, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╫я▀ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╡я│п╣ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀. п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╬п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪я▄я┌п╣я│я▄ я│ http://www.gnome.org/start/{gnomever}/notes/[п╥п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐] GNOME {gnomever}, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴я▒п╫ http://www.gnome.org/start/{gnomever}/notes/rnknownissues.html[я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨] п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪, п╡я│я┌я─п╣я┤п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┘.
+
+== 1. п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│ GNOME 2.2 п╢п╬ {gnomever} п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢п╦я┌ п╫п╣п©я─п╬я│я┌я▀п╪ п╢п╣п╩п╬п╪
+
+п▓я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ http://www.freebsd.org/gnome/docs/faq2/#q5[я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪] п©п╬ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╢п╬ GNOME {gnomever}. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п©я─п╦ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╟я┌я▄ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦. п▓п╟п╪ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬п╫п╟п╢п╬п╠п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟я┌я▄ `pkgdb -F` п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬пЁп╬ я┬п╟пЁп╟. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╡я│я▒ п╣я┴я▒ я│я┌п╟п╩п╨п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌п╣я│я▄ я│ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟п╪п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╧ п©п╬ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌, я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╧я┌п╣ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╟ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ (п╢п╩я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─п╬п╪ `-l` я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀ `portupgrade`). *п≈п╟п╟я─я┘п╦п╡п╦я─я┐п╧я┌п╣* п╦ п©я─п╦я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org.
+
+== 2. п▓ evolution п╣я│я┌я▄ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ я│ п╡п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я│ GNOME {gnomever}
+
+п▓ evolution-1.4.4 п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╣я│я┌я▄ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟ я│ п╡п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я│ GNOME {gnomever}. п■п╩я▐ п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╟ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▐ п╨п╟п╨ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ root:
+
+....
+# ln -s /usr/X11R6/share/icons/gnome/48x48/apps/gnome-unknown.png /usr/X11R6/share/gnome/pixmaps/gnome-unknown.png
+....
+
+п╜я┌п╟ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟ п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╡ evolution-1.4.5, п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╬ evolution-1.4.5, п╡п╣я─п╬я▐я┌п╫п╬, п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╦п╪ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪.
+
+== 3. gstreamer п©п╩п╬я┘п╬ п©я─п╬п╦пЁя─я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╨п╬п╫я┌п╣п╫я┌ я│ rhythmbox
+
+gstreamer-0.6.3 п©п╩п╬я┘п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ я│ rhythmbox. п═п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ rhythmbox я│ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─п╬п╪ `-DWITH_XINE`. (*п·п▒п²п·п▓п⌡п∙п²п≤п∙:* п²п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▐ я│ gstreamer-plugins-0.6.3_1, я█я┌п╟ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟ п╠я▀п╩п╟ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╟.)
+
+== 4. п≈п╟п©я┐я│п╨ GDM п╬п╨п╟п╫я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣я┐п╢п╟я┤п╫п╬
+
+GDM п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╣я┐п╢п╟я┤п╫п╬, п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬ п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╡ 5.1-RELEASE п╦п╩п╦ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я─п╟п╫п╫п╦я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐я┘. п▓я│п╣п╪ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ GDM п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│п╨п╬п©п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ `/usr/X11R6/etc/gdm/factory-gdm.conf` п©п╬п╡п╣я─я┘ `/usr/X11R6/etc/gdm/gdm.conf`. п║я┌п╟я─я▀п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ п╬я┌ GNOME 2.2 я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌. п÷п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ 5.1-RELEASE п╦ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я─п╟п╫п╫п╦я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п©я─п╬я┤п╣я│я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩ `pkg-message`, п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪я▀п╧ я│ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╪/п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╪ GDM2, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐, п╨п╟п╨ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌я▄ OpenPAM п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ GDM2.
+
+== 5. п²п╣ я┐п╢п╟я▒я┌я│я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄ gnomemeeting
+
+Gnomemeeting п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╫п╣ я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄я│я▐, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫ ffmepg. п∙я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬ я┌п╟п╨, я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦я┌п╣ ffmpeg, п╟ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╧я┌п╣ gnomemeeting, п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я┤п╣пЁп╬ п©п╣я─п╣я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌п╣ ffmpeg, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╬п╫ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╣п╫.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/porting.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/porting.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..886dd78acc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/porting.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п п╟п╨ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬я─я┌"
+sidenav: gnome
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п п╟п╨ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬я─я┌
+
+п▓ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╣ п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я▀ я┐п╤п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╣я┌п╣, п╨п╟п╨ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╦ п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄ п╢п╟я▒я┌я│я▐ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╩я▐ GNOME я│п╬п╡п╣я┌я▀ п╦ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐. п≤п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╦ п╬п╠я┴п╣пЁп╬ я┘п╟я─п╟п╨я┌п╣я─п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╡ link:{porters-handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣ п©п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD].
+
+== п°п╟п╨я─п╬я│я▀ GNOME п╢п╩я▐ Makefile
+
+п÷я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ GNOME п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ п╦п╫я└я─п╟я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─я┐ *USE_GNOME*. п■п╩я▐ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ GNOME п╫я┐п╤п╫я▀ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╪я┐ п©п╬я─я┌я┐ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐, п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╦я│п╩п╦я┌п╣ п╦я┘ п╡я│п╣ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╪ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ п©я─п╬п╠п╣п╩. п²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─:
+
+....
+USE_X_PREFIX=   yes
+USE_GNOME=  gnomeprefix gnomehack libgnomeui
+....
+
+п п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ *USE_GNOME* п╢п╣п╩я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╢п╡п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦п╦:
+
+* link:../gnome2_porting[п п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ GNOME 2]
+* link:../gnome_porting[п п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ GNOME 1]
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╪я┐ п©п╬я─я┌я┐ п╫я┐п╤п╫я▀ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╦ *GTK2*, я┌п╬ п╨я─п╟я┌я┤п╟п╧я┬п╦п╪ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╪ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧:
+
+....
+USE_X_PREFIX=   yes
+USE_GNOME=  gtk20
+....
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╪я┐ п©п╬я─я┌я┐ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╦ *GTK1*, я┌п╬ п╨я─п╟я┌я┤п╟п╧я┬п╦п╪ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╪ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧:
+
+....
+USE_X_PREFIX=   yes
+USE_GNOME=  gtk12
+....
+
+п■п╟п╤п╣ п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟я┬п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╦ GTK, п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ *USE_GNOME* п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я▀п╪п╦. п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ п╡п╣я│я▄ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я┐п╢п╬я│я┌п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ я┌п╬п╪, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╟я┬ п©п╬я─я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌ п╡я│п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀.
+
+п п╟п╨ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡я▀ п╥п╟п╨п╬п╫я┤п╦я┌п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ п╫п╟п╢ я│п╡п╬п╦п╪ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╪, п╫п╣ п©п╬п╪п╣я┬п╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦я┌ п╬я┌ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡. п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ я┐п╡п╦п╢п╣я┌я▄ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╣п╫я▄ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧, п╬я┌ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦я┌ п╡п╟я┬ п©п╬я─я┌, п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╬п╧ `make package-depends`, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я┐я▌ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╦п╥ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╟ п╡п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟.
+
+п▓ п╬п╠п╩п╣пЁя┤п╣п╫п╦п╦ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╫я▐ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п╟п╫п╟п╩п╦п╥ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ `make configure`. п▓ п╨п╬п╫я├п╣ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ `checking for...` п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╟ п╡я─п╬п╢п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧:
+
+....
+checking for    libgnomeui-2.0 >= 2.0.0     cspi-1.0 >= 1.1.7
+libspi-1.0 >= 1.1.7     libbonobo-2.0 >= 2.0.0  atk >= 1.0.0
+gtk+-2.0 >= 2.0.0   gail    libwnck-1.0     esound... yes
+....
+
+п╜я┌п╬ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п©я─п╦ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╦. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╣ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ п╦п╣я─п╟я─я┘п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╧ я┘п╟я─п╟п╨я┌п╣я─ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ *USE_GNOME*; п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╦п╥ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╢п╦я─п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡ *USE_GNOME*. п▓ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╣ п╡я▀я┬п╣ `USE_GNOME= libgnomeui` п©п╬п╢я─п╟п╥я┐п╪п╣п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ `libbonoboui`, я┤я┌п╬ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ `libgnomecanvas`, я┤я┌п╬ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ `libglade2`, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌ `gtk20`. п╒п╟п╨п╦п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪, п╢п╟п╤п╣ п╣я│п╩п╦ `gtk+-2.0` п©п╬я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╣ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡, `gtk20` п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╥ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ *USE_GNOME*. п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣п╡ п╦п╥п╠я▀я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╥ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟.
+
+п■п╩я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ п╡я▀я┬п╣ (п╡п╥я▐я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╥ `sysutils/gok`), п╡ `Makefile` п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣:
+
+....
+USE_GNOME=  gnomehack gnomeprefix libgnomeui atspi libwnck
+....
+
+== п·п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╟ GNOME 1 п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡ п·п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╦ GNOME 2
+
+п≤п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╟ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ `GNOME 1`. п п╬пЁп╢п╟ п©п╬я▐п╡п╦п╩п╟я│я▄ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╟ `GNOME 2`, п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╟ п╪п╟п╨я│п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ я│ п©я─п╣п╢я▀п╢я┐я┴п╣п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╣п╧, п©п╬ п©п╬п╫я▐я┌п╫я▀п╪ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫п╟п╪. п÷я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ `GNOME 1` п╪п╬пЁп╩п╦ п╫п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╡ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╣ `GNOME 2`, п©я─п╦ я┐я│п╩п╬п╡п╦п╦, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╦ п╫п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╫я┐я▌ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╦ `GNOME 1` я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄.
+
+п·п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╟ `GNOME 1` п╦ п╡я│п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╩п╦ п╡ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╣ `GNOME 2`, п╠я▀п╩п╦ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╦п╥ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+
+п■п╩я▐ п╡п╟я│, п╨п╟п╨ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐, я█я┌п╬ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐, я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╩я▐ `GNOME 1`, п╡ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╦я┌я▄, п╨п╟п╨п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╦ GNOME п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╣ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ *GNOME_DESKTOP_VERSION*. п≈п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я█я┌п╬п╧ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ `"1"` п╦п╩п╦ `"2"`, п╡ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я┌ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╩п╦ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╦ `GNOME 1` п╦п╩п╦ `GNOME 2`.
+
+== п·п©я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ GNOME
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟я┬ п©п╬я─я┌ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╬п©я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ GNOME, п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┌я▄ `WANT_GNOME= yes` п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╪ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ Makefile, п╟ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄, п╥п╟п╢п╟п╫п╟ п╩п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ `HAVE_GNOME` п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╟ п╦п╥ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ п╡я▀я┬п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╟я┬ п©п╬я─я┌. п╒п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ я█я┌п╬ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨п╟ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┐я│п╩п╬п╡п╦я▐, п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬п╪п╣я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╣я▒ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ `bsd.port.pre.mk` п╦ `bsd.port.post.mk`. п²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─:
+
+....
+WANT_GNOME= yes
+
+.include <bsd.port.pre.mk>
+
+.if ${HAVE_GNOME:Mgnomepanel}!=""
+    USE_GNOME+= gnomeprefix gnomepanel
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=    --with-gnome
+    PKGNAMESUFFIX=  -gnome
+    PLIST_SUB=  DATADIR="share/gnome"
+.else
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=    --without-gnome
+    PLIST_SUB=  DATADIR="share"
+.endif
+
+.include <bsd.port.post.mk>
+....
+
+п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ `WANT_GNOME` я┐п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╟ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨я┐ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌ GNOME, п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╡я▀я┬п╣. п■п╩я▐ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╟ п╣пЁп╬ п╦п╪я▐ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨ `HAVE_GNOME`. п╒п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©п╬я─я┌ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ `gnomepanel`, п╪я▀ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─я▐п╣п╪ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ `HAVE_GNOME` п╫п╟ п©я─п╣п╢п╪п╣я┌ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п╫п╣я▒ `gnomepanel` (п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀я▐я│п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я│п╦п╫я┌п╟п╨я│п╦я│п╣ make-я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╦ :M`pattern`, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+4.6-stable&format=html[я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟п╪ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ п╬ make(1)]). п∙я│п╩п╦ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣п╫ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌ `gnomepanel`, я┌п╬ п╬п╫ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫ п╨ я│п©п╦я│п╨я┐ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ `USE_GNOME`, п╦ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟п╫я▀ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ `--with-gnome` `CONFIGURE_ARG`. п▓ я│я┌п╟я─п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└я─п╟я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─п╣ GNOME п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ `PKGNAMESUFFIX` п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╟п╦п╡п╟п╩п╟я│я▄ п╫п╟ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я├п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╟п╨я─п╬я│ `USE_*`. п╒п╣п©п╣я─я▄ я█я┌п╬ п╬я┌п╢п╟п╫п╬ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨я┐, я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я▌я┴п╣п╪я┐ п©п╬я─я┌. п▓ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╪ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╫п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я┌п╣ п╨ п╣пЁп╬ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ `-gnome` п╢п╩я▐ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫ я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я│я▐ я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ GNOME. п╒п╬ п╤п╣ я│п╟п╪п╬п╣ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п╪п╣я│я┌п╬ п╦ п╢п╩я▐ `DATADIR` `PLIST_SUB`. п║п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ я─п╣я┬п╦я┌я▄, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨я┐ `DATADIR`. п╔п╬я─п╬я┬п╦п╪ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╬п╪ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ `DATADIR` `PLIST_SUB` п©я─п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╟ `gnomeprefix`.
+
+*п≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣:* п▓я▀ п╫п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ `USE_GNOME`, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀п╣ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌, п©п╬я│п╩п╣ `.include <bsd.port.pre.mk>`. п÷п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ *п╫п╣п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪*:
+
+....
+.include <bsd.port.pre.mk>
+
+.if ${HAVE_GNOME:Mgnomelibs}!=""
+    USE_GNOME+= libgnome
+.else
+    USE_GNOME+= gtk12  # п·п╗п≤п▒п п░!
+.endif
+....
+
+п╜я┌п╬ п╥п╟я│я┌п╟п╡п╦я┌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢я┐п╪п╟я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ GNOME, п╦ я┌п╬пЁп╢п╟ `pkg-plist` п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫я▒п╫ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪, я┤я┌п╬ п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢я▒я┌ п╨ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╣ п©я─п╦ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╦ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╟. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀п╣ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ `USE_GNOME`, я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╧я┌п╣ я█я┌п╬ *п©п╣я─п╣п╢* я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╬п╧ ` .include <bsd.port.pre.mk>`.
+
+п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©я─п╦п╫я┐п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╡я▀п╥п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╣п╥я┐я│п╩п╬п╡п╫п╬п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╬п©я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ GNOME, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ `WITH_GNOME= yes` п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩ `/etc/make.conf` п╦п╩п╦ п╡ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╫я┐я▌ я│я┌я─п╬п╨я┐ make. п÷я─п╦ я█я┌п╬п╪ п©я─п╦ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨п╣ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я┌ GNOME п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ п╡п╬п╥п╡я─п╟я┴п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡п╬п╥п╡я─п╟я┴п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ п╡п╬п╥п╡я─п╟я┴п╟п╩п╟ п╬я┌я─п╦я├п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌ п©я─п╦ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨п╣ п╫п╟ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ п╬я┌ GNOME, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ `WITHOUT_GNOME= yes` п╡ `/etc/make.conf` п╦п╩п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╫я┐я▌ я│я┌я─п╬п╨я┐ make.
+
+п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬п╠ п╦п╫я└я─п╟я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─п╣ USE_GNOME п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п©я─п╦ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я─п╦п╣п╡ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ `${PORTSDIR}/Mk/bsd.gnome.mk`.
+
+== пёя│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ OMF
+
+п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ GNOME (п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ GNOME 2) я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ Open Source Metadata Framework (OMF), п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟я┘ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╨п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я█я┌п╦я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╜я┌п╦ OMF-я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐я▌я┌ п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ ScrollKeeper п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╟п╨ Yelp п╪п╬пЁп╩п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я▄ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫я┐я▌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌. п■п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я├п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╦ я█я┌п╦я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ OMF п©я─п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ GNOME п╦п╥ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ я└п╟п╧п╩ `pkg-plist` п╡п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ _п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬пЁп╬_ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ OMF.
+
+....
+@exec scrollkeeper-install -q \
+    %D/path/to/help_file.omf \
+    2>/dev/null || /usr/bin/true
+@unexec scrollkeeper-uninstall -q \
+    %D/path/to/help_file.omf \
+    2>/dev/null || /usr/bin/true
+....
+
+п  п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я┐:
+
+....
+@exec scrollkeeper-install -q \
+    %D/share/gnome/bug-buddy/bug-buddy-C.omf \
+    2>/dev/null || /usr/bin/true
+@unexec scrollkeeper-uninstall -q \
+    %D/share/gnome/bug-buddy/bug-buddy-C.omf \
+    2>/dev/null || /usr/bin/true
+....
+
+== п÷я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ я│ libtool
+
+п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╫п╣ п╡я│п╣, п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ GNOME п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦я┌ п╬я┌ GNU libtool. п·п╫п╦ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ GNU configure. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟я┬ п©п╬я─я┌ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╦, п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я│я┌я─п╬п╨я┐ `USE_LIBTOOL= yes` п╨ Makefile п╡п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟. п÷я─п╦ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ я┐я┤я┌п╣п╫я▀ п╡я│п╣ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ libtool, п╫п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╦п╥п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌ п╬я┌ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п╡п╣я┴п╣п╧, п╨п╟п╨ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ .la. п■п╩я▐ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬п╧ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪п╬п╧ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╦ п╫п╣ п╥п╟п╠я┐п╢я▄я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌ я│я┌я─п╬п╨я┐ п╡ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌ `configure` п╡п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ п╫п╣п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╦ `LIBTOOL_DEPS="$ac_aux_dir/ltmain.sh"`:
+
+....
+$ac_aux_dir/ltconfig $LIBTOOL_DEPS
+....
+
+п╜я┌п╬ п╬я┌п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨я┐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ .la п╦ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦я┌ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟я┤я┐ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─п╟ `${PTHREAD_LIBS}` п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╬п╡я┴п╦п╨я┐.
+
+== п■п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀
+
+п■п╩я▐ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ GNOME 2 п╬я┌ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ GNOME 1 п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┤п╦я│я┌п╬я┌я▀ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╟ я│ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╪п╦ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟п╪п╦, п©п╬я─я┌я▀ GNOME 1, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я│пЁя─я┐п╤п╟я▌я┌ я│п╡п╬п╦ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ я│ `${MASTER_SITE_GNOME}`, п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌ я│я┌я─п╬п╨я┐ п╡ я│п╡п╬я▒п╪ Makefile:
+
+....
+DIST_SUBDIR=    gnome
+....
+
+п÷п╬я─я┌я▀ GNOME 2, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я│пЁя─я┐п╤п╟я▌я┌ я│п╡п╬п╦ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ я│ `${MASTER_SITE_GNOME}`, п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌ я│я┌я─п╬п╨я┐ п╡ я│п╡п╬я▒п╪ Makefile:
+
+....
+DIST_SUBDIR=    gnome2
+....
+
+п²п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ GNOME я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╨п╟п╨ п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╣ tar gzip, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ tar bzip2. п■п╩я▐ я█п╨п╬п╫п╬п╪п╦п╦ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦ п©я─п╦ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╣ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п©п╬ п╪п╣п╢п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩п╟п╪ я│п╡я▐п╥п╦ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ bzip2 я┌п╟п╪, пЁп╢п╣ я█я┌п╬ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬. п■п╩я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌ я│я┌я─п╬п╨я┐ п╡ Makefile п╡п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟:
+
+....
+USE_BZIP2=  yes
+....
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╟ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я│ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╪, п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╟ п╡п╥пЁп╩я▐п╫п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╟ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦п╥ link:/ports/gnome.html[я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡]. п  п╡п╟я┬п╦п╪ я┐я│п╩я┐пЁп╟п╪ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦ mailto:freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org[я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-gnome].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/volunteer.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/volunteer.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cddff321a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/volunteer.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п п╟п╨ п╫п╟п╪ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄"
+sidenav: gnome
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п п╟п╨ п╫п╟п╪ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄
+
+пёя┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╟п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ GNOME п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ п╫п╟п╧п╢я▒я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟. п▓я▀п╠п╣я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╨п╟п╤п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╟п╪ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╫я▀п╪, п╦ п©п╬п©я─п╬п╠я┐п╧я┌п╣ я█я┌п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄.
+
+* п╒п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ link:../../../ports/gnome.html[п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡] п╦ link:../bugging[п╬п©п╬п╡п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟я┘].
+* п═п╣пЁя┐п╩я▐я─п╫п╟я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ GNOME п╦п╥ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧ п╦ п╬п©п╬п╡п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬п╠п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘ я│ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╬п╧ п╦п╩п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╧ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧.
+* п÷п╬п╦я│п╨ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ GNOME, п╣я┴я▒ п╫п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╣я│я▒п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╡п╬ FreeBSD, п╦ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╦я┘.
+* link:{handbook}#ERESOURCES-SUBSCRIBE[п÷п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╨п╟] п╫п╟ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-gnome п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п╡ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌п╟я┘ п╫п╟ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧.
+* п≤п╥п╡п╩п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ п╦ п©п╬п╤п╣п╩п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╦п╥ п╠п╟п╥я▀ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘ FreeBSD, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ GNOME, п╦ п©п╬я│я▀п╩п╨п╟ п╦я┘ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ GNOME, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╟я┌я┤п╦ п╪п╬пЁп╩п╦ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╡ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐.
+* п÷я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨п╟ link:../[я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟] FreeBSD GNOME п╦ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡п╨п╟ п©п╬п╤п╣п╩п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╦ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╧.
+
+п▓я│п╣ п©п╬п╤п╣п╩п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐п╧я┌п╣ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/screenshots.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/screenshots.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6e20e8437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/screenshots.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п║п╫п╦п╪п╨п╦ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╬п╡"
+sidenav: gnome
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD GNOME: п║п╫п╦п╪п╨п╦ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╬п╡
+
+п▓п╬я┌ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╬п╡ GNOME, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╡п╬ FreeBSD. п╘я▒п╩п╨п╫п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╟ п©п╦п╨я┌п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╟я┘ п╫п╦п╤п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╟ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐.
+
+== п║п╫п╦п╪п╨п╦ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╬п╡ GNOME 2.4
+
+*п■п╡п╬п╧п╫я▀п╣ я█п╨я─п╟п╫я▀ п╡ я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╦ 2048x768, п╫п╟ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п©п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫я▀ п╠я─п╟я┐п╥п╣я─ Epiphany п╦ я█п╨я─п╟п╫я▀ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ Themus п╦ CD-Burner Nautilus:* +
+link:../../gifs/gnome/ss11.png[image:../../gifs/gnome/ss11-tn.png[п║п╫п╦п╪п╬п╨ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╟ 11,title="п║п╫п╦п╪п╬п╨ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╟ 11"]]
+
+*Opera, GVim я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ GTK+-2, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ GDesklets, п╦ п╡я│п╣ я│ п©я─п╦я▐я┌п╫п╬п╧ я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧ crystal icon:* +
+link:../../../gifs/gnome/ss12.png[image:../../../gifs/gnome/ss12-tn.png[п║п╫п╦п╪п╬п╨ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╟ 12,title="п║п╫п╦п╪п╬п╨ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╟ 12"]]
+
+*Xchat, Xmms, StickyNotes п╦ GKrellM я│ п╪п╣я┌п╟пЁп╬я─п╬п╢п╬п╪ Koynacity-Blue, Aquativo 1.5 GTK п╦ я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧ Flat blue icon:* +
+link:../../../gifs/gnome/ss13.png[image:../../../gifs/gnome/ss13-tn.png[п║п╫п╦п╪п╬п╨ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╟ 13,title="п║п╫п╦п╪п╬п╨ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╟ 13"]]
+
+== п║п╫п╦п╪п╨п╦ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╬п╡ GNOME 2.5
+
+*Galeon, RhythmBox, gpdf, Streamtuner п╦ Evolution 1.5, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ п©п╬п╢ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╡п╣я│я▄п╪п╟ п╪п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟п╩п╦я│я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╢п╤п╣я─п╟ п╬п╨п╬п╫ Ion. п▓п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐я┘ GTK+-2 п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┌п╣п╪п╟ http://themes.freshmeat.net/projects/6nome/[6nome]:* +
+link:../../../gifs/gnome/ss14.png[image:../../../gifs/gnome/ss14-tn.png[п║п╨я─п╦п╫я┬п╬я┌ 14,title="п║п╨я─п╦п╫я┬п╬я┌ 14"]]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ef814e313
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD Internal"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= FreeBSD Internal
+
+п²п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ я│п╬п╠я─п╟п╫я▀ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╟я│п©п╣п╨я┌я▀ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD п╨п╟п╨ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬, п╣я│п╩п╦ я─п╟я│я│п╪п╟я┌я─п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╣пЁп╬ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╬я┌ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀.
+
+== *п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀*
+
+п я─п╬п╪п╣ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╩п╦п╫п╦п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ FreeBSD, я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌ link:../projects/[п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀ п╡п╫п╣ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я┐я┌п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦]. п≤я┘ п╡п╣п╢я┐я┌ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╦я┘ пЁя─я┐п©п©, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╟я┌п╬я─я│п╨п╦п╪п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟п╪п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╡ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐я┘.
+
+link:{releng}[п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌] п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD.
+
+п▓ [я█я┌п╬п╪ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╣ п╡я▀ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣я┌п╣ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─я▀ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD.
+
+п²п╟ link:{releng}[я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣] п╡я▀ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣я┌п╣ я─п╟я│п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢п╟ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╦я┘ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD.
+
+== *п÷я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─я▀*
+
+п■п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬ я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╦п╥п╠п╣п╤п╟я┌я▄ я┘п╟п╬я│п╟ п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫ п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪я┐ п╪п╦я─я┐, п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪я▀ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ link:../policies/[я└п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─я▀].
+
+== *пёя┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╦*
+
+п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD я│п╬я│я┌п╬п╦я┌ п╦п╥ FreeBSD Core Team п╦ п©я─п╬я┤п╦я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡; п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ link:{contributors}[пёя┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD] п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╦я│п╩я▐п╣я┌ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡ я█я┌п╦я┘ пЁя─я┐п©п©, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌, п╨я┌п╬ п╥п╟ я┤я┌п╬ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟п╣я┌.
+
+п²п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ http://www.FreeBSD.org/internal/homepage.html[п©п╣я─я│п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╨п╦], я─п╟я│п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╫п╟ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣ people.FreeBSD.org, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ link:../photos[я└п╬я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╦ я│ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╡я│я┌я─п╣я┤].
+
+== *п═п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀*
+
+link:../developer/[п≈п╢п╣я│я▄] п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀, п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ FreeBSD.
+
+п■п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘, п╨я┌п╬ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╨ я│п╣я┌п╦ FreeBSD.org, link:../machines/[я█я┌п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟] п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌, п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╫я▀п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╟п╨п╦я┘ я├п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╬п╫п╦ п╡я▀п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫я▀.
+
+п■п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘, я┐ п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╣я│я┌я▄ я┐я┤п╣я┌п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╦ п╡ я│п╣я┌п╦ Rtp.FreeBSD.org, link:../rtp/[я█я┌п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟] п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌, п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫я▀п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ п╡ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╦ я┌п╦п©я▀ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤, п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╬п╫п╦ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀.
+
+п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я┐п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ link:../about/[п╬ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣ FreeBSD] (п°п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟, п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD, я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╟ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.
+
+п²п╟п╨п╬п╫п╣я├, я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ link:../statistic/[я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╦ FreeBSD] (п║я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟, я┌я─п╟я└п╦п╨ FTP, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡).
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/about.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/about.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df843a19e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/about.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---
+title: "п· WWW-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п· WWW-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣ FreeBSD
+
+== п°п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟
+
+[.right]
+image:../../../gifs/powerlogo.gif[п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢ FreeBSD]
+
+п°п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ `www.FreeBSD.org`, я█я┌п╬ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─ я│ п╢п╡я┐п╪я▐ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟п╪п╦ Pentium III 600MHz, 1024 п╪п╣пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п╦ п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬ 70 пЁп╦пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я│я┌п╡п╟. п·п╠я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌я▀ п╢п╬п╪п╣п╫п╟ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ `hub.FreeBSD.org`, п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─ я│ п╢п╡я┐п╪я▐ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟п╪п╦ Pentium III 600MHz, 1024 п╪п╣пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п╦ п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬ 16 пЁп╦пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я│я┌п╡п╟. п▓я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╟я▐ п©п╬я┤я┌п╟ п©я─п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ `mx1.FreeBSD.org`, п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╬п╪ Pentium III 800MHz я│ 512 п╪п╣пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п╦ 30-я┌п╦ пЁп╦пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌п╫я▀п╪ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╪. п≤я│я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╟я▐ п©п╬я┤я┌п╟ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ `mx2.FreeBSD.org`, Pentium III 850MHz я│ 512 п╪п╣пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌п╟п╪п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п╦ 18-я┌п╦ пЁп╦пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌п╫я▀п╪ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╪.
+
+п▓я│п╣ я█я┌п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╡ я│п╟п╪п╬п╪ п╢п╣п╩п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ п©п╬п╢ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ FreeBSD. п░п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌я┐я─п╟ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨ я│п╣я┌п╦ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╣п╧ http://www.bsdi.com/[BSDi], http://www.yahoo.com/[Yahoo!] п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪п╦ link:../../donations/donors[п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╪п╦] п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD п╩п╦я├п╟п╪п╦.
+
+п÷п╬п╩п╫я▀п╧ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╡я│п╣я┘ я┘п╬я│я┌п╬п╡ п╡ п╢п╬п╪п╣п╫п╣ FreeBSD.org п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣, п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╣п╧ link:../machines[я│п╣я┌я▄ FreeBSD.org].
+
+== п÷я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣
+
+[.right]
+image:../../../gifs/apachepower.gif[п·п╠я│п╩я┐п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╪ Apache]
+
+п╜я┌п╦ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╬п╠я│п╩я┐п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ п╦ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╪ http://www.apache.org/[http-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╪ Apache]. п я─п╬п╪п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│п╟п╪п╬я│я┌п╬я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ CGI-я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬п╡. п≤п╫п╢п╣п╨я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я█я┌п╦я┘ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п╦ п╟я─я┘п╦п╡п╟ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╬я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ freewais-sf, я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ CNIDR freewais.
+
+п÷п╟п╨п╣я┌ п╡п╣п╠ я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╦ http://www.analog.cx/[Analog] п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ http://www.FreeBSD.org/statistic/www/[я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╦] п©п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╡п╣п╠ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟.
+
+== п║п╟п╧я┌
+
+[.right]
+image:../../../gifs/lynx.gif[п÷я─п╦пЁп╬п╢п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ Lynx]
+
+п╜я┌п╦ п╡п╣п╠-я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╠я▀п╩п╦ я│п╬п╠я─п╟п╫я▀ п■п╤п╬п╫п╬п╪ п╓п╦п╠п╣я─п╬п╪ (John Fieber) http://people.FreeBSD.org/~jfieber/[<jfieber@FreeBSD.org>] п©я─п╦ я│п╬п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦п╦ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ FreeBSD п╡ я├п╣п╩п╬п╪ п╦ *п╡п╟я│* п╡ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦. п▓п╣п╠п╪п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╬п╪ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ http://wolfram.schneider.org[<wosch@FreeBSD.org>]. п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌я┐ HTML 3.2 п╦ п╦я┘ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╟я┌я─п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╪ п╠я─п╟я┐п╥п╣я─п╣.
+
+п÷п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я┐ п╬ link:../../docproj/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD]
+
+== п▓п╣п╠-п╢п╦п╥п╟п╧п╫
+
+п·я─п╦пЁп╦п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╦п╥п╟п╧п╫ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╩ http://www.asis.com/~meganm/[п°п╣пЁп╟п╫ п°п╟п╨п п╬я─п╪я█п╨] (Megan McCormack)
+
+== link:{fdp-primer}#the-website-build[п÷п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD]
+
+п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╣п╠-я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ FreeBSD п╦п╥ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ CVS п╡ я─я┐я┤п╫п╬п╪ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣.
+
+== п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD
+
+п▓п╣п╠ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ FreeBSD п╫п╟ `www.FreeBSD.org` п╡ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╣п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╪я┐ я─п╟я│п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▌:
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",",options="header",]
+|===
+|п▓я─п╣п╪я▐ (UTC) |п╒п╦п© я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦
+|01:22 |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╟я▐ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╟
+|05:22 |п╒п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ English www
+|09:22 |п╒п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ English
+|13:22 |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╟я▐ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╟ п╠п╣п╥ я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╦ PR п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡
+|17:22 |п╒п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ English
+|21:22 |п╒п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ English www
+|===
+
+п═п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╟ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я┐п╡п╦п╢п╣я┌я▄ http://www.freebsd.org/build/index.cgi[п╥п╢п╣я│я▄].
+
+== п≈п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD
+
+п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ (п╦ п╢п╟п╤п╣ п©я─п╦пЁп╩п╟я┬п╟п╣я┌п╣я│я▄) link:../mirror/[п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄] я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ www.FreeBSD.org.
+
+link:../statistic/#analog[п║я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╟ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐] я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╣п╤п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫п╬.
+
+link:..[п▓п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫я▐я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/bylaws.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/bylaws.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..905da17b58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/bylaws.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+title: "п═п╣пЁп╩п╟п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╬п╡ FreeBSD Core"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= п═п╣пЁп╩п╟п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╬п╡ FreeBSD Core
+
+п■п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п═п╣пЁп╩п╟п╪п╣п╫я┌ я┐я┌п╡п╣я─п╤п╢п╣п╫ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ 28 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2000 пЁ.
+
+* п÷п╬п╢ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟п╪п╦ п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦, п╡п╫п╬я│п╦п╡я┬п╦п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я─п╣п©п╬п╥п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╧ FreeBSD п╫п╣ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ 12 п╪п╣я│я▐я├п╣п╡ п╫п╟п╥п╟п╢.
+* Core я│п╬я│я┌п╬п╦я┌ п╦п╥ 9 п╡я▀п╠я─п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡.
+* п▓я▀п╠п╬я─я▀ Core п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╥ п╡ 2 пЁп╬п╢п╟; п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╣ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─я▀ п©я─п╬я┬п╩п╦ п╡ я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─п╣ 2000 пЁ.
+* п╖п╩п╣п╫я▀ Core п╦п╩п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫я▀ 2/3 пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡ Core.
+* п▓ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┤п╦я│п╩п╬ я┤п╩п╣п╫п╬п╡ Core я│я┌п╟п╫п╣я┌ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╣ 7, п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╢п╬я│я─п╬я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─я▀.
+* п■п╬я│я─п╬я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─я▀ п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ п╥п╟я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ 1/3 пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡.
+* п▓я▀п╠п╬я─я▀ п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪:
+** Core п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢я▐я┴п╣пЁп╬ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─я▀ п╦ п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╬ п╫п╣п╪.
+** 1 п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩я▐ п╫п╟ я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦я▌ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡, п╤п╣п╩п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╡я▀п╢п╡п╦п╫я┐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ я┤п╩п╣п╫я▀ Core.
+** 4 п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩п╦ п╫п╟ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.
+** 1 п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩я▐ п╫п╟ п©п╬п╢я│я┤п╣я┌ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡ п╦ п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╟я├п╦я▌ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╬п╡.
+** п⌡я▌п╠п╬п╧ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п©я─п╟п╡п╬ п©я─п╬пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╬п╢п╦п╫ я─п╟п╥; п©я─п╦ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╬п╫ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╬ п╢п╣п╡я▐я┌п╦ п╨п╟п╫п╢п╦п╢п╟я┌я┐я─.
+** п²п╬п╡п╟я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ Core п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ 1 п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩я▌ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п╬п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╬п╡ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.
+** п║п╩я┐я┤п╟п╦ я─п╟п╡п╣п╫я│я┌п╡п╟ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡ я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я┌п╣п╪п╦ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╪п╦ я┤п╩п╣п╫п╟п╪п╦ Core, я┤я▄п╣ я┤п╩п╣п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╬ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╫п╬.
+* п■п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫я▀ п╨п╡п╟п╩п╦я└п╦я├п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ (2/3 пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡) п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡; п©я─п╦ я█я┌п╬п╪, п╡ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п©п╬ п╨я─п╟п╧п╫п╣п╧ п╪п╣я─п╣ 50% п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡.
+
+== п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐
+
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─я▀ Core п©я─п╬я┬п╩п╦ п╡ п°п╟п╧ 2022 пЁ. п·я┤п╣я─п╣п╢п╫я▀п╣ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─я▀ п╥п╟п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╫п╟ п°п╟п╧-п≤я▌п╫я▄ 2024 пЁ.
+
+== п≤п╫я┌п╣я─п©я─п╣я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ Core я┤п╟я│я┌п╫я▀я┘ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣п╡ п═п╣пЁп╩п╟п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟
+
+п▓ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦, Core п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╡п╬п╦ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п©я─п╣я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╢п╟п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п═п╣пЁп╩п╟п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я┐я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╣п╬п╢п╫п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ п╡ п╫п╣п╪.
+
+* *20020503* п·я┤п╣я─п╣п╢п╫я▀п╣ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─я▀ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я─п╬п╨ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ 2 пЁп╬п╢п╟ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦я┘ п©я─п╬я┬п╣п╢я┬п╦я┘.
+п≤п╫я▀п╪п╦ я│п╩п╬п╡п╟п╪п╦, п╢п╬я│я─п╬я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─я▀ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╡п╦пЁп╟я▌я┌ п╢п╟я┌я┐ п╬я┤п╣я─п╣п╢п╫я▀я┘ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╬п╡ п╢п╬ п╢п╟я┌я▀, п╫п╟я│я┌я┐п©п╟я▌я┴п╣п╧ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ 2 пЁп╬п╢п╟ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п╢п╬я│я─п╬я┤п╫я▀я┘.
+
+link:../developer/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/core-vote.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/core-vote.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a275967c05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/core-vote.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─я▀ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐"
+sidenav: docs
+--- 
+
+= п÷я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─я▀ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐
+
+== п п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+
+* п▓я│п╣ я┤п╩п╣п╫я▀ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│я┐я▌я┌ "yes" ("п╥п╟"), "no" ("п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡") п╦п╩п╦ "no objection" ("п╡п╬п╥п╢п╣я─п╤п╟п╩я│я▐").
+* п■п╩я▐ п©я─п╬я┘п╬п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╟п╫п╢п╦п╢п╟я┌ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬ п╨я─п╟п╧п╫п╣п╧ п╪п╣я─п╣ п╬п╢п╦п╫ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│ 'п╥п╟'.
+* п■п╩я▐ п©я─п╬я┘п╬п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╟п╫п╢п╦п╢п╟я┌ п╫п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╦ п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╟ 'п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡'.
+* п÷я─п╬пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╣ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╣ я┌я─я▒я┘ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨.
+* п⌠п╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ 1 п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩я▌, п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╥п╟п╨п╟п╫я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╫я▄я┬п╣, п╣я│п╩п╦ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌ я┐п╤п╣ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫.
+* п║п╣п╨я─п╣я┌п╟я─я▄ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╥п╟ п╢п╣я┌п╟п╩п╦ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╬п©п╬п╡п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣.
+
+== п⌡п╦я┤п╫я▀п╧ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡
+
+* п▓я│п╣ я┤п╩п╣п╫я▀ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│я┐я▌я┌ "yes" ("п╥п╟") п╦п╩п╦ "no" ("п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡").
+* п■п╩я▐ п©я─п╬я┘п╬п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╟п╫п╢п╦п╢п╟я┌ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╫п╟п╠я─п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬ п╨я─п╟п╧п╫п╣п╧ п╪п╣я─п╣ (2/3 * core-size) пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡ "п╥п╟".
+* п■п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ п©я─п╬пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬ п╨я─п╟п╧п╫п╣п╧ п╪п╣я─п╣ (2/3 * core-size) я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨, п╦п╫п╟я┤п╣ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╦п╥п╫п╟я▒я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╡я┬п╦п╪я│я▐.
+* п⌠п╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ 1 п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩я▌, п╦п╩п╦ п╥п╟п╨п╟п╫я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╫я▄я┬п╣, п╣я│п╩п╦ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌ я┐п╤п╣ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫.
+* п║п╣п╨я─п╣я┌п╟я─я▄ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╥п╟ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▌ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╬п©п╬п╡п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣.
+
+== п▓п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ п©п╬ п©п╬п╡п╣я│я┌п╨п╣ п╢п╫я▐
+
+* п÷я─п╬я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣.
+* п÷я─п╦ п╢п╬я│я┌п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╨п╬п╫я│п╣п╫я│я┐я│п╟ п©я─п╬п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣.
+* п▓я│п╣ я┤п╩п╣п╫я▀ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│я┐я▌я┌ "yes" ("п╥п╟") п╦п╩п╦ "no" ("п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡").
+* п■п╩я▐ п©я─п╬я┘п╬п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╠я─п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬ п╨я─п╟п╧п╫п╣п╧ п╪п╣я─п╣ (2/3 * core-size) пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡ 'yes'.
+* п■п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ п©я─п╬пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬ п╨я─п╟п╧п╫п╣п╧ п╪п╣я─п╣ (2/3 * core-size) я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨, п╡ п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│я┤п╦я┌п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╡я┬п╦п╪я│я▐.
+* п⌠п╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌ 1 п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩я▌, п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╥п╟п╡п╣я─я┬п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╫я▄я┬п╣, п╣я│п╩п╦ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌ я┐п╤п╣ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫.
+* п║п╣п╨я─п╣я┌п╟я─я▄ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╥п╟ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▌ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╬п©п╬п╡п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣.
+
+== п²п╣п╬я┌п╩п╬п╤п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀
+
+* п⌡я▌п╠п╬п╧ я┤п╩п╣п╫ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ п©п╬ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌п╣ п©п╬ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я┐, п╫п╣ я┌п╣я─п©я▐я┴п╣п╪я┐ п╬я┌п╩п╟пЁп╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│я┌п╡.
+* п∙я│п╩п╦ п╫п╦п╨я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╡я▀я│п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩я│я▐ п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡ п╡ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ 48 я┤п╟я│п╬п╡, я┌п╬ п╦п╫п╦я├п╦п╟я┌п╬я─ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я│я┤п╦я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│ п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я─п╣я┬я▒п╫п╫я▀п╪ (п╦п╩п╦ я─п╟п╫п╣п╣, п╣я│п╩п╦ (2/3 * core-size) я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡ п©я─п╬пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╩п╦ п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬).
+* п∙я│п╩п╦ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣-я┌п╬ п╡п╬п╥я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐, я┌п╬ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я─п╣я┬п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫я▀п╪ п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╨п╬п╪ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.
+* п║п╣п╨я─п╣я┌п╟я─я▄ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╡я▀я│п╩п╟я┌я▄ OK п╬ п©п╬п╢я┌п╡п╣я─п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╦ п©я─п╬я┘п╬п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟, п╣я│п╩п╦ п©п╬я│я┤п╦я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╫я┐п╤п╫я▀п╪.
+
+п⌡я▌п╠п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╬п╨, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┘п╬я┌я▐ п╠я▀ п╬п╢п╦п╫ я┤п╩п╣п╫ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡я▀я│п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩я│я▐ 'п╥п╟', п╡ п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╣п╢я▀п╢я┐я┴п╣пЁп╬ п©п╟я─п╟пЁя─п╟я└п╟. п·п╫ п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╬п╡, я┌я─п╣п╠я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╬пЁп╬ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╫п╬ п╫п╣ п╢п╬п╩пЁп╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╬п╠п╢я┐п╪я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐. п÷я─п╣п╢п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ п╡ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ 48 я┤п╟я│п╬п╡ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╠п╩я▌п╢п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©я─п╦я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╣ я┤п╩п╣п╫п╬п╡ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ п╨п╟п╨ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌п╦я▐ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ п╫п╣п╬я┌п╩п╬п╤п╫я▀п╪ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟п╪, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢п╟ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╬п╡ п╡ я─п╟п╥я─я▐п╢ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╦ п╬я┌я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╦я┘ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫я┐я▌ п©я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─я┐ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/developer.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/developer.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..67ee97383b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/developer.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+title: "п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ FreeBSD
+
+== link:{committers-guide}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡]
+
+п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡, п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╨п╟п╨ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╟я│п©п╣п╨я┌я▀. п▓ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я▀п╪п╦ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я▀ link:{committers-guide}#cvs.operations[п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ я│ CVS], link:{committers-guide}#gnats[я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨ GNATS] п╦ link:{committers-guide}#ssh.guide[п я─п╟я┌п╨п╬п╣ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ SSH].
+
+п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╡я│я▒, я┤я┌п╬ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD.
+
+== link:{fdp-primer}[пёя┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD]
+
+п╜я┌п╬я┌ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨ п╬я┌я─п╟п╤п╟п╣я┌ п╡я│я▒, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD, п╬я┌ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╡я▀ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ (п╨п╟п╨ п╡ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ я└п╟п╨я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╨п╣), п╢п╬ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╬п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╦п╢п╣п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.
+
+== link:{porters-handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD]
+
+п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▌я┴п╣п╣ п╡ я│п╣п╠я▐ link:{porters-handbook}#freebsd-versions[п╒п╟п╠п╩п╦я├я┐ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ __FreeBSD_version].
+
+== link:{fdp-primer}#the-website-build[п÷п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD]
+
+п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╣п╠-я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ FreeBSD п╦п╥ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ CVS п╡ я─я┐я┤п╫п╬п╪ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣.
+
+== п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀ FreeBSD
+
+* link:../../docproj/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD]
+* link:../../releng/[п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD]
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~picobsd/[PicoBSD]
+* link:../../platforms/alpha[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/Alpha]
+* link:../../platforms/ia64/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/IA-64]
+* link:../../platforms/ppc[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/PPC]
+* link:../../platforms/sparc[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/SPARC]
+* http://www.TrustedBSD.org/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ TrustedBSD]
+* link:../../projects/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ FreeBSD]
+
+== п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀
+
+* link:../../developers/cvs[CVS Repository]
+* link:../../support/#gnats[п║п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟я┘]
+* link:../../security/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD]
+* link:../../copyright/[Copyright]
+* http://wikitest.FreeBSD.org[FreeBSD Wiki (п╡п╣п╠-я█п╫я├п╦п╨п╩п╬п©п╣п╢п╦я▐)]
+* http://perforce.FreeBSD.org[п═п╣п©п╬п╥п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╧ Perforce п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я│п╨п╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡]
+
+link:..[п▓п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫я▐я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/doceng.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/doceng.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9f198d86f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/doceng.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "п·п╠я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ FreeBSD Doceng Team"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= п·п╠я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ FreeBSD Doceng Team
+
+п п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ doceng@ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠я┴п╦я┘ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╬п╡, п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╬я┌п╫п╬я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD. п  п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╬я┤п╣я─п╣п╢п╫я▀п╪ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪ я█я┌п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│я▐я┌я│я▐:
+
+* п÷я─п╬я┘п╬п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╨п╟п╫п╢п╦п╢п╟я┌я┐я─ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟п╢ doc/, www/, п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п©п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟п╪ п╦ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫я▀п╪ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟п╪.
+* п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨п╟ п©п╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫я▀ п╫п╟п╦п╩я┐я┤я┬п╦п╣ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢я▀, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╡п╬ FreeBSD Documentation Project.
+* пёп©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬п╪ п©п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╦ doc/ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐. п║я▌п╢п╟ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╨ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟п╪ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╪п╦ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟п╪п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ я│ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ п©п╬ п╫п╟п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ doc/ п©я─п╦ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╣ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я█я┌п╦я┘ п©я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─.
+* п·п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ пЁп╣п╫п╣я─п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╬п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ (п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╟я┘ PDF, HTML п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣) п╫п╟ Web-я│п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╦ FTP-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦я┘ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐п╪ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╡ я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╣ CVS. п║я▌п╢п╟ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ Web-я│п╟п╧я┌п╟ п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ я│ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─п╬п╡ п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ Web-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ (п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐).
+* п▓я▀я│я┌я┐п©п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╦ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╨п╟п╨ MAINTAINER (п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧) п╦п╩п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪п╦ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟п╪п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ (DocBook, groff п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣).
+* п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я├п╣п╩п╬я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡я▄п╣п╡ doc/ п╦ www/ п╡п╬ FreeBSD. п≤п╥-п╥п╟ п╡п╦п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ я█я┌п╦я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╡п╬ п╡п╫п╣я┬п╫п╣п╪ п╪п╦я─п╣, doceng@ п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╥п╟ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п©я─п╟п╡п╬ п╫п╣п╪п╣п╢п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╬я┌п╨п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄ (п╦п╩п╦ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄, п╫п╣ п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟я▐ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌п╟ п╬я┌ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟) п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢я┬п╦п╣ п╨ п©п╬я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╫п╣п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я│я│я▀п╩п╬п╨, п╫п╣п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ Web-я│п╟п╧я┌п╟ п╦п╩п╦ п╨п╟п╨п╦п╪-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪ п╫п╣п©я─п╦я▐я┌п╫я▀п╪ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╦я▐п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ Web-я│п╟п╧я┌п╟ п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD.
+
+п·я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬ п©п╬п╢я┤я▒я─п╨п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ doceng@ *п╫п╣* п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╨п╬п╫я└п╩п╦п╨я┌п╬п╡ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╦ FreeBSD Documentation Project. п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╡п╣п╢я▒я┌ п╦ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌п╦п╣ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╣ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-doc.
+
+== п╒п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╧ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡
+
+п²п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╟п╪п╦ я█я┌п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ Nik Clayton, Ruslan Ermilov, Marc Fonvieille, Hiroki Sato п╦ Murray Stokely. п÷я─п╣п╢п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬я┌ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©п╬п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╦п╥ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢п╟.
+
+== п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦
+
+п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬п╢я┌п╡п╣я─п╤п╢п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ doceng@ п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌п╣ п╡ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ 1 п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩п╦. п п╟п╫п╢п╦п╢п╟я┌ я│я┤п╦я┌п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╬я┬п╣п╢я┬п╦п╪, п╣я│п╩п╦ п©п╬ п╨я─п╟п╧п╫п╣п╧ п╪п╣я─п╣ 1 я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨ doceng@ п©я─п╬пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╩ п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬, п╦ п╫п╦ п╬п╢п╦п╫ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨ п╦п╥ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╟ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ doceng@ п╫п╣ п©я─п╬пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╩ п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡. core@ п╬п©п╬п╡п╣я┴п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨п╬п©п╦п╣п╧ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ (CC) п╢п╩я▐ admins@ п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ я┐я┤я▒я┌п╫п╬п╧ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╦.
+
+== п²п╣п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+
+п⌠я─я┐п©п©п╟ doceng@ я│п╡я▐п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я│ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟п╪п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦, п╡ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ 12 п╪п╣я│я▐я├п╣п╡ п╫п╣ п©я─п╬я▐п╡п╩я▐п╡я┬п╦п╪п╦ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ (п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╬п╡ п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ я─п╣п©п╬п╥п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╧); п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ 1 п╪п╣я│я▐я├п╟ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫, я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ я┐п╢п╟п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╦п╥ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟. п я─п╬п╪п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╡ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡п╦я▐ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌п╟, пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟ doceng@ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╟п╣я┌ п╬ п╫п╣п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟я┘ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╣ core@.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/expire-bits.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/expire-bits.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ac1e5300e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/expire-bits.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟ я┐я│я┌п╟я─п╣п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌ п╠п╦я┌п╟"
+sidenav: docs
+--- 
+
+= п÷я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟ я┐я│я┌п╟я─п╣п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌ п╠п╦я┌п╟
+
+== п·п╠п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣
+
+п║п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀ FreeBSD п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╥п╟п╫я▐я┌п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟я▌я┌ п╦я┘ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐, п╦ я─п╣я┬п╟я▌я┌ п╬я┌п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╬я┌ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌ п╠п╦я┌п╟. п▓ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ я│п╦я┌я┐п╟я├п╦я▐я┘, п╡п©я─п╬я┤п╣п╪, п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╫п╣ п©я─п╬я▐п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╡ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╬п╩пЁп╬пЁп╬ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦ п╠п╣п╥ я▐п╡п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬я┌п╨п╟п╥п╟ п╬я┌ п╠п╦я┌п╟. п▓ п╢п╬п╩пЁп╬я│я─п╬я┤п╫п╬п╧ п©п╣я─я│п©п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╣, я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ я┐я┤п╣я┌п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╦ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©п╬п╢п╫п╦п╪п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╫я┌п╟п╨я┌п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦ п╪п╣я┌п╬п╢п╬п╡ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ я┐я┤п╣я┌п╫п╬п╧ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╦. п÷п╬ я█я┌п╦п╪ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫п╟п╪, FreeBSD Core я┐я┌п╡п╣я─п╤п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╦п╤п╣я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟ п╬п╨п╬п╫я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐ я│я─п╬п╨п╟ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌ п╠п╦я┌п╟ (п╬п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╣ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD 22 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 2002 пЁ.)
+
+== п÷я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟
+
+п п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀, п╫п╣ п╡п╫п╬я│п╦п╡я┬п╦п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ я─п╣п©п╬п╥п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╧ п╡ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ 18 п╪п╣я│я▐я├п╣п╡, п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╬я┌ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦ я┐п╢п╟п╩я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╦п╥ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟. п п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀, п╤п╣п╩п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╡п╬я│я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌ п╠п╦я┌, п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪ п©п╣я─я│п╬п╫п╟п╪. п▓ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣п╪ п╢п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п©я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я┐я┌п╬я┤п╫п╣п╫п╟.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/fortunes.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/fortunes.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0791612170
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/fortunes.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD Internal"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╬п╡ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ Fortune
+
+== п÷я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟
+
+п÷я─п╣п╤п╢п╣ я┤п╣п╪ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩ fortune, п╡я│п©п╬п╪п╫п╦я┌п╣ п╨п╩п╟я│я│п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╣ "п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╬" Usenet:
+
+"п▒я┐п╢я▄я┌п╣ я┌п╬п╩п╣я─п╟п╫я┌п╫я▀ п╨ я┤я┐п╤п╬п╪я┐ п╪п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌, п╫п╬ п╫п╣ п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟п╧я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╧ п╤п╣ я┌п╬п╩п╣я─п╟п╫я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я┌ п╬п╨я─я┐п╤п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘".
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀я│п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╥п╟п╢п╣п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┤п╣п╪ п©п╟я─я┐-я┌я─п╬п╧п╨я┐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╦ п©я─п╦ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╫п╣ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╬п╠я┼п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╦я│я┌п╬я─п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ я│я│я▀п╩п╬п╨, п╣пЁп╬ п╪п╣я│я┌п╬ - п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ offensive.
+
+п÷я─п╦п╪п╣я─я▀ п╥п╟п╢п╣п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╡я▀я│п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧:
+
+* п▓я▀я│п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╪п╬пЁя┐я┴п╦п╣ п╥п╟п╢п╣я┌я▄ п╨п╬пЁп╬-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ п╣пЁп╬ п╫п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, я─п╣п╩п╦пЁп╦п╬п╥п╫п╬п╧ п©я─п╦п╫п╟п╢п╩п╣п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦п╩п╦ п╤п╦п╥п╫п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦п╧.
+* п▒п╬пЁп╬я┘я┐п╩я▄я│я┌п╡п╟ п╦п╩п╦ п╡я▀я│п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ "я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╥я─п╬я│п╩я▀я┘".
+
+п÷я─п╦п╪п╣я─я▀ п╡я▀я│п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣, п╨п╟п╨ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╬, п╫п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ "я─п╟п╥п╢я─п╟п╤п╟я▌я┴п╦п╪п╦":
+
+* п╕п╦я┌п╟я┌я▀ п╦п╥ п⌠п╦я┌п╩п╣я─п╟.
+* п╗я┐я┌п╨п╦ п©п╬ п©п╬п╡п╬п╢я┐ emacs/vi п╦п╩п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╩я▌п╠п╦п╪я▀я┘ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡, п©п╬п╨п╟ п╬п╫п╦ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я│п╪п╣я┬п╫я▀ п╦ п╫п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ "п©п╣я─я│п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╫п╟п╣п╥п╢п╟п╪п╦".
+
+п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐я▐ п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╡я▀я│п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я│п╠п╬я─п╫п╦п╨ fortune, п╠я┐п╢я▄я┌п╣ п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀ п╨ (п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╣п©я─п╣п╢п╡п╦п╢п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪) п╡п╬п╥я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪, п╦ п╢п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪ п╨п╟п╨ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐п╣я┌ я┐я│я┌п╬я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╢ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╬п╪ п╦я┘ п╦п╥ п╡п╣я┌п╡п╦ HEAD (MFC).
+
+п÷я─п╦п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╬ п╪п╣я─п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╟п╨ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я│я┌п╟п╩п╨п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я│ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╟я┌я▄ я│п©п╬я─я▀ п©п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪ п©п╬п╡п╬п╢п╟п╪.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/machines.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/machines.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44c9b901b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/machines.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+---
+title: "п║п╣я┌я▄ FreeBSD.org"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= п║п╣я┌я▄ FreeBSD.org
+
+п■п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘, п╨я┌п╬ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╨ я│п╣я┌п╦ FreeBSD.org, я█я┌п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌, п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╫я▀п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╟п╨п╦я┘ я├п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╬п╫п╦ п╡я▀п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫я▀.
+
+п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╧ SSH п╦ п╦я┘ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╣п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫ п╡ п╢п╬п╪п╣п╫п╣ FreeBSD.org п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/internal/ssh-keys.asc[я█я┌п╬п╪ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣].
+
+== п▓я│п╣ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╟ я┘п╬я│я┌п╬п╡ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│я▐я┌я│я▐ п╨ п╢п╬п╪п╣п╫я┐ FreeBSD.org
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",]
+|===
+|п╔п╬я│я┌ |п·п║ |п²п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ |п▓п╩п╟п╢п╣п╩п╣я├ (п╡п╩п╟п╢п╣п╩я▄я├я▀)
+|beast |5-STABLE |п°п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ Alpha п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD/alpha |obrien/peter
+|builder |6-STABLE |п╔я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╣ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡ BSD/OS +
+п°п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п╨п╩п╟п╢я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ FTP |п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+|freefall |6-STABLE |GNATS/shell |п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+|ftp-master |4-STABLE |п⌠п╩п╟п╡п╫я▀п╧ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ ftp (п╡я│п©п╬п╪п╬пЁп╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─) |peter/kuriyama/obrien/steve
+|gohan10-17 |6-STABLE/7-CURRENT |п п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ |ports team
+|gohan20-39 |6-STABLE/7-CURRENT |п п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ |ports team
+|hub |4-STABLE |п║п╩я┐п╤п╠я▀ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌я▀ |postmaster
+|mx1 |4-STABLE |п║п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п╡я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╣п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌я▀ |dhw/peter
+|mx2 |4-STABLE |п║п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╣п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌я▀ |dhw/peter
+|ncvsup (cvsup10) |6-STABLE |п·я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬п╣ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╬ CVSup |kuriyama
+|ns0 |4-STABLE |п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ DNS |dg/ps/peter
+|panther |-CURRENT |п·п╠я─п╟п╥я├п╬п╡п╟я▐ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ sparc64 |п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+|pluto1 |-CURRENT |п·п╠я─п╟п╥я├п╬п╡п╟я▐ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ ia64 |п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+|pluto2 |6-STABLE |п·п╠я─п╟п╥я├п╬п╡п╟я▐ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ ia64 |п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+|pointyhat |-CURRENT |п⌠п╩п╟п╡п╫п╟я▐ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─ |ports team
+|ref4 |4-STABLE |п·п╠я─п╟п╥я├п╬п╡п╟я▐ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╣ 4-stable |п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+|ref5 |5-CURRENT |п·п╠я─п╟п╥я├п╬п╡п╟я▐ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ 5-current |п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+|repoman |4-STABLE |п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ я─п╣п©п╬п╥п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╧ CVS |peter
+|sledge |-CURRENT |п·п╠я─п╟п╥я├п╬п╡п╟я▐ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ amd64 |п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+|spit (cvsup-master) |6-STABLE |п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╣ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╬ CVSup |kuriyama
+|www |4-STABLE |п▓п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ |webmaster
+|===
+
+== п░п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п╔п╬я│я┌ |п╒п╦п© |п░п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌я┐я─п╟
+|beast |API UP2000 |2 x 833MHz Alpha 21264 (8MB п╨я█я┬п╟ 2 я┐я─п╬п╡п╫я▐), п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ 2GB, Adaptec 2940U2W SCSI, 2 п╢п╦я│п╨п╟ SCSI U160, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ 3COM 3c905B.
+|builder |Intel x86 |Pentium III 800п°п⌠я├, п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ 512п°п▒, п╢п╦я│п╨ 40GB Seagate ATA, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|freefall |Intel x86 |Pentium III 800п°п⌠я├, п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ 1024п°п▒, п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ Mylex DAC960 PCI SCSI RAID, п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ 5x18GB SCSI U2W, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|gohan10-17 |Intel x86 |800MHz Pentium III, 512MB mem, п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ Intel ICH ATA66, п╢п╦я│п╨ 1x30GB ATA66, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|gohan20-39 | |
+|hub |Intel x86 MP |2 x 600MHz Pentium III, п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ 1GB, п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ Mylex DAC960 PCI SCSI RAID, п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ 3x9GB SCSI WIDE, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|mx2 |Intel x86 |Pentium III 850п°п⌠я├ FC-PGA, п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ 512п°п▒, LSI 53C1010 U160 SCSI, п╢п╦я│п╨ 1x18GB 10K RPM U160 SCSI, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|panther |Sun OEM ATX Panther board |300 MHz UltraSparc-IIi, п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ 512MB, п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ 2x9GB 10K RPM Ultra2 SCSI, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Sun HME 10/100B.
+|pluto1, pluto2 |HP rx2600 (IA-64) |2x900MHz Itanium2 (McKinley) - HP zx1 (pluto) chipset, п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ 2048MB (п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ 1024MB), п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ LSILogic 1030 U320 SCSI (mpt), п╢п╦я│п╨ 1x36GB 10K RPM U160 SCSI, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Broadcom BCM5701 10/100/1000.
+|pointyhat |Intel x86 MP |2x1266MHz Pentium III, п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ 2048п°п▒, п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ 3ware 4-port IDE (twe), п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ 4x160GB UltraATA п╡ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣ RAID 1+0.
+|ref4 |Intel x86 |Celeron 500п°п⌠я├ FC-PGA, п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ 512п°п▒, п╢п╦я│п╨ 1x30п⌠п▒ IDE, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|ref5 |Intel x86 |Celeron 500п°п⌠я├ FC-PGA, п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ 512п°п▒, п╢п╦я│п╨ 1x20п⌠п▒ IDE, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|sledge |Rioworks HDAMA (AMD64) |2x1.8GHz Opteron 244 - AMD 8111/8131 chipset, п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ 8192MB, п╢п╦я│п╨ 1x40GB Seagate ST340014A IDE, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Broadcom BCM5703 10/100/1000.
+|===
+
+п▓я│п╣ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╫п╟ я│п╨п╬я─п╬я│я┌п╦ 100п°п╠п╦я┌/я│ (п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╧ п╢я┐п©п╩п╣п╨я│) п╨ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪я┐ п╨п╬п╪п╪я┐я┌п╟я┌п╬я─я┐ Cisco 2948G я│ я─п╣п╥п╣я─п╡п╦я─я┐п╣п╪я▀п╪п╦ пЁп╦пЁп╟п╠п╦я┌п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢п╟п╪п╦. п÷п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨ п≤п╫я┌п╣я─п╫п╣я┌ п╦ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ http://www.yahoo.com/[Yahoo!]. п▓п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌я│я▐ п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩п╦, п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╨ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬я─я┌я┐ п╦ я┐п╢п╟п╩я▒п╫п╫п╬п╣ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪.
+
+== п п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╡ п п╬я─п╣п╣
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п╔п╬я│я┌ |п·п║ |п²п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ |п▓п╩п╟п╢п╣п╩п╣я├ (п╡п╩п╟п╢п╣п╩я▄я├я▀)
+|dalki, dosirak, haessal |5-CURRENT |п п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ |ports team
+|===
+
+== п░п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п╔п╬я│я┌ |п╒п╦п© |п░п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌я┐я─п╟
+|dalki, haessal |Intel x86 |2x2.20GHz Pentium 4 Xeon, п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ 2GB, п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ Adaptec aic7899 Ultra160 SCSI, п╢п╦я│п╨ 1x36GB SCSI-3, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─я▀ 2xIntel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|dosirak |Intel x86 |2x2.20GHz Pentium 4 Xeon, п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ 4GB, п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ Adaptec aic7899 Ultra160 SCSI, п╢п╦я│п╨ 1x36GB SCSI-3, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─я▀ 2xIntel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|===
+
+п▓я│п╣ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╫п╟ я│п╨п╬я─п╬я│я┌п╦ 100п°п╠п╦я┌/я│ (п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╧ п╢я┐п©п╩п╣п╨я│) п╨ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪я┐ п╨п╬п╪п╪я┐я┌п╟я┌п╬я─я┐ Cisco 2950G я│ я─п╣п╥п╣я─п╡п╦я─я┐п╣п╪я▀п╪п╦ пЁп╦пЁп╟п╠п╦я┌п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢п╟п╪п╦. п÷п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨ п≤п╫я┌п╣я─п╫п╣я┌ п╦ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ http://kr.yahoo.com/[Yahoo! Korea] п╦ http://www.kidc.net/[KIDC]. п║п╟п╪п╦ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ http://www.eslim.co.kr/[eSlim Korea].
+
+== п÷п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨п╟ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╬п╧ "п╡п╩п╟п╢п╣п╣я┌" п╨п╟п╨п╬п╣-я┌п╬ п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫п╬п╣ п╩п╦я├п╬, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╪ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟п╪ я│п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ п╫п╣п╪я┐, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п╠я▌п╢п╤п╣я┌п╟я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╦п╩п╦ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣.
+
+п▓я│п╣ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╣ п╠я▌п╢п╤п╣я┌я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я│п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ я│ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─п╬п╡, admin@FreeBSD.org, п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╡я▀п╢п╣п╩я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╡я│п╣я┘ п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦п╧, п╨п╟п╨ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦п╩п╦ я│п╟п╪п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧. п▒я▌п╢п╤п╣я┌я▀ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡я▀п╢п╟п╫я▀ п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡, п╫п╣ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╦п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п©я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┤я┌п╬-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ я█п╨я│п©п╣я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╫я┐п╤п╣п╫ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╨ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╣ я│ FreeBSD. п▒я▌п╢п╤п╣я┌я▀ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╥п╢п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡я│п╣п╪ п©п╬п╢я─я▐п╢ я─п╟п╢п╦ "п╨я─я┐я┌п╬пЁп╬" п©п╬я┤я┌п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╬п╪п╣п╫п╟ п╦ п╡ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀я┘ я├п╣п╩я▐я┘. п÷я▀я┌п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©я─п╬я│п╦я┌я▄ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©я┐я│я┌п╬п╧ я┌я─п╟я┌п╬п╧ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦. п║п©п╟я│п╦п╠п╬.
+
+link:..[п▓п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫я▐я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/mirror.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/mirror.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7c1ec7d2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/mirror.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+---
+title: "п≈п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п≈п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD
+
+п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ (п╦ п╢п╟п╤п╣ п©я─п╦пЁп╩п╟я┬п╟п╣я┌п╣я│я▄) п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD `www.FreeBSD.org`. п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬, п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌я▄ п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╟ п╡п╟я┬ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я┐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╫п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ _cvsup_. link:{handbook}#INSTALL[CVSup] я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╪ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╬п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п©п╬ я│п╣я┌п╦.
+
+== пёя│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ CVSup
+
+п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄ п╦ п©я─п╬п╦п╫я│я┌п╟п╩п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ CVSup п╦п╥ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢
+
+....
+ # cd /usr/ports/net/cvsup-without-gui
+ # make all install clean
+....
+
+п▓п©я─п╬я┤п╣п╪, пЁп╬я─п╟п╥п╢п╬ п©я─п╬я┴п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡я▀п╧ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ п╦п╥ link:{handbook}#packages-using[п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡]. п≈п╟ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я┐п©п╬п╪я▐п╫я┐я┌п╬п╧ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╣ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟.
+
+== п≈п╟п©я┐я│п╨ CVSup
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я│п╬я┘я─п╟п╫я▐п╣я┌п╣ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╦я─я┐п╣п╪я▀п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╣ `/usr/FreeBSD-mirror`, п╡п╩п╟п╢п╣п╩я▄я├п╣п╪ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ `fred', п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨я┐я▌ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я┐ п╬я┌ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ `fred':
+
+....
+     $ cvsup supfile-www
+....
+
+п╓п╟п╧п╩ `supfile-www` я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌:
+
+....
+       *default host=cvsup.FreeBSD.org
+       *default prefix=/usr/FreeBSD-mirror
+       *default base=/usr/local/etc/cvsup
+       www release=current delete use-rel-suffix compress
+....
+
+п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ `/usr/FreeBSD-mirror`. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╡п╫п╣я│я┌п╦ я█я┌я┐ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я┐ п╡ crontab п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ fred, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п╫п╟ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟п╩п╟я│я▄ п╣п╤п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫п╬. п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╫п╟ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣ www.FreeBSD.org п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╣п╤п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫п╬ п╡ 4:30am п©п╬ п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦п╧я│п╨п╬п╪я┐ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦.
+
+== п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ CVSup
+
+п÷п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ link:{handbook}#CVSUP[п▓п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡ CVSup] п╡ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣.
+
+link:..[п▓п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫я▐я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/new-account.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/new-account.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d50dc4feb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/new-account.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─п╟ п╥п╟п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я┐я┤п╣я┌п╫я▀я┘ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╣п╧"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─п╟ п╥п╟п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я┐я┤п╣я┌п╫я▀я┘ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╣п╧
+
+== п▓я▀п╢п╡п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п▓я▀ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟п╣я┌п╣я│я▄ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╬пЁп╬-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╡ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я┐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ FreeBSD, п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п©п╬я│п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╪я┐ п╩п╦я├я┐ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ я│п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧:
+
+* п≤я│я┌п╬я─п╦я▌ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦я▐ п©я─п╣я┌п╣п╫п╢п╣п╫я┌п╟ п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ FreeBSD. п╜я┌п╟ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ _п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╟_, п╦ п╣п╣ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│я┌п╟п╩п╬ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╬п╪ п╢п╣-я└п╟п╨я┌п╬ п╥п╟ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╩п╣я┌.
+* п≤п╪я▐ (я┐я┤п╣я┌п╫я┐я▌ п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▄) п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟, пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟.
+* п░п╢я─п╣я│ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌я▀ п©я─п╣я┌п╣п╫п╢п╣п╫я┌п╟ (п╣пЁп╬ п╢п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┤п╟я│я┌п╬ п╥п╟п╠я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌!)
+
+п≈п╟п©я─п╬я│ п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я│п╨п╦п╧ п╠п╦я┌, п╫п╣ п╬я└п╬я─п╪п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п©п╬ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟п╪, п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ п╬я┌п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫ п╡ п╢п╬п╩пЁп╦п╧ я▐я┴п╦п╨, п╟ я┌п╬ п╦ п╡я▀п╥п╬п╡п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥п╢я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡ п╡п╟я┬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ я│п╬ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫я▀ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╣я─я│п╬п╫я▀.
+
+п░п╢я─п╣я│п╟ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╩п╦я├ п©п╬ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╪ я┤п╟я│я┌я▐п╪ я─п╣п©п╬п╥п╦я┌п╬я─п╦я▐:
+
+* src -> core@
+* doc -> doceng@
+* ports -> portmgr@
+
+п▓я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╢я┌п╡п╣я─п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п©я─п╬я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦я▐ п▓п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╟; п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌ п╬я┌ core@ п╦п╩п╦ doceng@ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п©я─п╦п╧я┌п╦ п╡ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ <= 7 п╢п╫п╣п╧. п⌠я─я┐п©п©п╣ portmgr@ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╢п╬ 14 п╢п╫п╣п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌п╦я▐ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐. п·я┌п╡п╣я┌ п©я─п╣я┌п╣п╫п╢п╣п╫я┌я┐ п╦ п╫п╬п╪п╦п╫п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╬п╪я┐ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©я─п╦п╧я┌п╦ я─п╟п╫я▄я┬п╣, п╣я│п╩п╦ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╥п╟п╨п╬п╫я┤п╦я┌я│я▐ п╢п╬я│я─п╬я┤п╫п╬.
+
+== п░п╡я┌п╬я─п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╩п╬пЁп╦п╫п╟
+
+п■п╩я▐ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ я│ п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╥ п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╦п╤п╣ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╬п╡ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╟ admins@FreeBSD.org, core@FreeBSD.org п╦ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ п©п╣я─я│п╬п╫я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟, п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ п©я─п╦п╧я┌п╦ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫п╬п╣ PGP п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬, п©п╬п╢я┌п╡п╣я─п╤п╢п╟я▌я┴п╣п╣ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ п╥п╟п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╩п╬пЁп╦п╫п╟. п÷п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌я▄ я│я│я▀п╩п╨я┐ п╫п╟ я█я┌я┐ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я┐, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬я─ п╦ п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬п╢п╬п©п╣я┤п╫я▀п╧ п╥п╫п╟п╩п╦, я┤я┌п╬ п╬я┌ п╫п╦я┘ п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟я▌я┌.
+
+п÷п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ PGP п©п╬п╢я┌п╡п╣я─п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╬п╡:
+
+* core-secretary
+* portmgr-secretary
+* doceng
+
+_п▓п²п≤п°п░п²п≤п∙: п≈п╟п©я─п╬я│я▀ п╫п╟ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╩п╬пЁп╦п╫п╬п╡ п╫п╣ п╬я┌ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©п╣я─я│п╬п╫, п╦п╩п╦ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╦п╫я▀п╪п╦ PGP-п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╪п╦ (п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣), п╫п╣ п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐. п▒п╣п╥ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦п╧. п≈п╟п©я─п╬я│ п╫п╟ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╩п╬пЁп╦п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦п╩п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ (CC:) п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ (core@)._
+
+== п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐, п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╟я▐ п╬я┌ п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬я─п╟ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟
+
+п°п╣п╫я┌п╬я─ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ я│п╬п╠я─п╟я┌я▄ п╦ п©я─п╦я│п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ admins@FreeBSD.org я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌:
+
+* п║я┌я─п╬п╨п╟ п╢п╩я▐ `master.passwd`, я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┴п╟я▐ п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬я┤п╦я┌п╟п╣п╪п╬п╣ п╦п╪я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐, п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨я┐ п╦ п╩п╦я┤п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ (GECOS); п©п╬п╩п╣ п©п╟я─п╬п╩я▐ п╥п╟п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я┌я▄ п╫п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬
+* п©я┐п╠п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╩я▌я┤ п╢п╩я▐ ssh V2 (*п╒п·п⌡п╛п п· п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ 2*)
+
+п°п╣п╫я┌п╬я─ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╥п╟ п╢п╬я│я┌п╬п╡п╣я─п╫я▀п╧ я│п╠п╬я─ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╣п╣ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╣ admins@ п╢п╬я│я┌п╬п╡п╣я─п╫я▀п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪. п÷я─п╣п╢п©п╬я┤я┌п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╪ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╨п╦ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬, п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫п╬п╣ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╪я│я▐ п╡ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣ п÷п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ PGP-п╨п╩я▌я┤п╬п╪ п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬я─п╟. п∙я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬я┌ п╪п╣я┌п╬п╢ п©п╬ п╨п╟п╨п╦п╪-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫п╟п╪ п╫п╣п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╣п╫, п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬я─ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩, я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┴п╦п╧ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌, п╡ я│п╡п╬п╣п╪ п╢п╬п╪п╟я┬п╫п╣п╪ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╣ п╫п╟ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╣ freefall, п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я┤п╣пЁп╬ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╪я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ п╫п╟ admins@freebsd.org. п²п╟п╪ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ я┐п╢п╬я│я┌п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╣ п╡ я│п╟п╪п╬п╪ п╢п╣п╩п╣ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╬я┌ п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬я─п╟, п╟ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╟ п╡ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╣п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╫п╣ п╢п╟я▌я┌ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╧ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦. п÷п╬я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨я┐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬я┌ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟ п╫п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╣п╫п╟ п╫п╟п©я─я▐п╪я┐я▌, п╣п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п©п╬я│я▀п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬я─.
+
+== admins@FreeBSD.org я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я▌я┌ я┐я┤п╣я┌п╫я┐я▌ п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▄
+
+п я┌п╬-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╦п╥ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ admins@FreeBSD.org п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ п╡я▀я┬п╣п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╟ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟я┘ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD.org п╫п╬п╡я┐я▌ я┐я┤п╣я┌п╫я┐я▌ п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▄ п╦ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╦я─я┐п╣я┌ п╬п╠ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟ п╦ п╣пЁп╬ п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬я─п╟.
+
+== п°п╣п╫я┌п╬я─ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╦я─я┐п╣я┌ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌ п╠п╦я┌
+
+п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─ п©п╬п╢я┌п╡п╣я─п╢п╦я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╬п╡п╟я▐ я┐я┤п╣я┌п╫п╟я▐ п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌, п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬я─ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╦п╥п╦я─я┐п╣я┌ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌ п╠п╦я┌ п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬пЁп╟п╣я┌ п╣п╪я┐ п╥п╟п╡п╣я─я┬п╦я┌я▄ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╣ я┬п╟пЁп╦.
+
+== п≈п╟п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬я─п╬п╪
+
+п÷п╣я─п╦п╬п╢ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╫п╣ я└п╦п╨я│п╦я─я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╤п╣я│я┌п╨п╬. п п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬я─ я─п╣я┬п╟п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬п╢п╬п©п╣я┤п╫я▀п╧ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡ п╨ "я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬п╩п╣я┌я┐", п╬п╫ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╟п╣я┌ п╬п╠ я█я┌п╬п╪ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡, п╢п╣п╩п╟я▐ я└п╬я─я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩ `access` я│ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я─п╦п╣п╪.
+
+== п÷п╣я─п╣п╢п╟я┤п╟ п╬п©п╣п╨п╟п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╪я┐ п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬я─я┐
+
+п÷я─п╦ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╬п©п╣п╨п╟п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ п╡п╟п╪п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╪я┐ п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬я─я┐ п╫п╟п©п╦я┬п╦я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪, п╨п╟п╨ п©я─п╦ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ я┐я┤п╣я┌п╫п╬п╧ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╦. п п╟п╨ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╬, п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╟п©я─п╬я│я▀ я┐я┌п╡п╣я─п╤п╢п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╠п╣п╥ п╩п╦я┬п╫п╣п╧ п╡п╬п╩п╬п╨п╦я┌я▀. п║п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ я┐п╡п╣п╢п╬п╪п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟я┤п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟ п©я┐я┌п╣п╪ я└п╬я─я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╟ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩ `access`.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/photos.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/photos.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8be909d937
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/photos.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+---
+title: "п╓п╬я┌п╬пЁп╟п╩п╣я─п╣я▐"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= п╓п╬я┌п╬пЁп╟п╩п╣я─п╣я▐
+
+== USENIX 2004, Boston, п≤я▌п╫я▄ 2004
+
+http://apollo.backplane.com/USENIX2004/[п╓п╬я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╦] я│ п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╦, я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ mailto:dillon@backplane.com[Matt Dillon].
+
+== 20th Chaos Communication Congress, Berlin, п■п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▄ 2003
+
+http://gallery.daemon.li/20c3/[п╓п╬я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╦] п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╦п╩ mailto:josef@FreeBSD.org[Josef].
+
+== п÷я─п╟п╥п╢п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ 10 пЁп╬п╢п╬п╡я┴п╦п╫я▀ FreeBSD, San Francisco, п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 2003
+
+http://apollo.backplane.com/pics.bsdparty/[п╓п╬я┌п╬], я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ mailto:dillon@backplane.com[Matt Dillon].
+
+== BSDCon 2003, San Mateo, п║п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 2003
+
+http://apollo.backplane.com/BSDCON2003/[п╓п╬я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╦] я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ mailto:dillon@backplane.com[Matt Dillon].
+
+== LinuxTag 2003, Karlsruhe, п≤я▌п╩я▄ 2003
+
+http://gallery.daemon.li/linuxtag/[п╓п╬я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╦] я│ Linuxtag п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╦п╩ mailto:josef@FreeBSD.org[Josef].
+
+== BSDCon Europe 2002, Amsterdam, п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 2002
+
+http://people.FreeBSD.org/~wilko/EuroBSDcon2002/[п╓п╬я┌п╬] п╓п╬я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╦ п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я─п╦п╦ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ mailto:wilko@FreeBSD.org[Wilko].
+
+== USENIX 2002, Monterey, п≤я▌п╫я▄ 2002
+
+http://apollo.backplane.com/USENIX2002/[п╓п╬я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╦], я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ mailto:dillon@backplane.com[Matt Dillon].
+
+== BSDCon Europe 2001, Brighton, п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 2001
+
+http://2001.eurobsdcon.org/pictures/[п╓п╬я┌п╬]
+
+== BSDCon 2000, п°п╬п╫я┌п╣я─п╣п╧, п·п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 2000
+
+п╓п╬я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╦ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩ http://people.FreeBSD.org/~will/bsdcon/[Will]
+
+== http://people.FreeBSD.org/~jkh/lw2000/[LinuxWorld 2000, п╓п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▄ 2000]
+
+п╓п╬я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╦ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩ mailto:jkh@FreeBSD.org[jkh].
+
+== http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/gif/berlin-1999-10-09/[п▓я│я┌я─п╣я┤п╟ BSD п╡ п▒п╣я─п╩п╦п╫п╣, п·п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 1999]
+
+== http://people.FreeBSD.org/~nik/Oxford/index.html[п▓я│я┌я─п╣я┤п╟ FreeBSD п╡ п·п╨я│я└п╬я─п╢п╣ (п▓п╣п╩п╦п╨п╬п╠я─п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐), п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 1998]
+
+п╓п╬я┌п╬ п╦ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╦п╩ mailto:nik@FreeBSD.org[п²п╦п╨]. п·я┌я│п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п÷п╬п╩п╬п╪ п═п╦я┤п╟я─п╢я│п╬п╪ (Paul Richards).
+
+== п▓я│я┌я─п╣я┤п╟ FreeBSD п╡ п⌠п╬п╩п╩п╟п╫п╢п╦п╦, п·п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 1998
+
+п╓п╬я┌п╬ http://people.FreeBSD.org/~jkh/holland/[Jordan] п╦ http://www.tcja.nl/hackersparty/[Wilko]
+
+== http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/gif/hamburg-1998-06-20/index.html[BSD Social Event п⌠п╟п╪п╠я┐я─пЁ, п≤я▌п╫я▄ 1998]
+
+Aled Morris, Andre Oppermann, Andreas Klemm, Andrew Gordon, Christoph Badura, Dirk Meyer, Frank Nobis, Harald Klatte, Joerg Wunsch, Jonathan Laventhol, Lars Gerhard Kuehl, Martin Cracauer, Stefan Bethke, Stefan Esser, Stefan Huerter, Stefan Zehl, Stephan Forth, Thomas Gellekum
+
+== http://www.lemis.com/grog/auug98.html[п▓п╣я│п╣п╫п╫я▐я▐ п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦я▐ AUUG, п║п╦п╢п╫п╣п╧, п║п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 1998]
+
+Richard Stallman, Peter Wemm, Mark White, Andrew McRae, Greg Rose, many unidentified.
+
+== http://people.FreeBSD.org/~grog/usenix.html[USENIX п╩п╣я┌п╟ 1998, п²я▄я▌-п·я─п╩п╣п╟п╫]
+
+Branson, David Greenman, David O'Brien, Greg Lehey, Guido van Rooij, John Polstra, Jonathan Bresler, Jordan Hubbard, Justin Gibbs, Luigi Rizzo, Mark Murray, Mike Smith, Monique van Rooij, Ollivier Robert, Philippe Regnauld, Poul-Henning Kamp, Sharon, Steve Mann
+
+== http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/gif/aachen-19950902/[FreeBSD Social Event Aachen, 1995]
+
+Aled Morris, Christoph Kukulies, Guido van Rooij, Jonathan Leventhol, Jп√rg Wunsch, Martin Welk, Michael Reifenberger, Patrick Hausen, Paul Richard, Paul Richards, Poul-Henning Kamp, Renя┴ de Vries, Stefan Esser, Ulf Kieber, Wilko Bulte
+
+link:..[п▓п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫я▐я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/policies.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/policies.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ace33b495f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/policies.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "п·я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╦ п©я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п·я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╦ п©я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ FreeBSD
+
+== link:{committers-guide}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡]
+
+п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡, п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╨п╟п╨ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╟я│п©п╣п╨я┌я▀. п▓ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я▀п╪п╦ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я▀ link:{committers-guide}#conventions[п║п╬пЁп╩п╟я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ я┌я─п╟п╢п╦я├п╦п╦], link:{committers-guide}#developer.relations[п▓п╥п╟п╦п╪п╬п╬я┌п╫п╬я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡] п╦ link:{committers-guide}#rules[п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п÷я─п╟п╡п╦п╩ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ FreeBSD].
+
+п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╡я│я▒, я┤я┌п╬ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD.
+
+== *п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─я▀*
+
+п·п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п©я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─, п╨п╟п╨ link:../new-account/[п÷я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─п╟ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я┐я┤п╣я┌п╫я▀я┘ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╣п╧], link:../expire-bits/[п÷я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟ п╬п╨п╬п╫я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐ я│я─п╬п╨п╟ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я▐ п©я─п╟п╡ п╫п╟ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╬п╡], link:../bylaws/[п═п╣пЁп╩п╟п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╬п╡ FreeBSD Core], link:../core-vote/[п═п╣пЁп╩п╟п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡], link:../fortunes/[п÷я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╬п╡ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ Fortune], п╦ link:{pr-guidelines}[п·п╠я┴п╦п╣ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╣ п║п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟я┘].
+
+== link:{fdp-primer}[пёя┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD]
+
+п╜я┌п╬я┌ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨ п╬я┌я─п╟п╤п╟п╣я┌ п╡я│я▒, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD, п╬я┌ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╡я▀ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ (п╨п╟п╨ п╡ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ я└п╟п╨я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╨п╣), п╢п╬ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╬п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╦п╢п╣п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.
+
+== link:{porters-handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD]
+
+п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD, п╥п╟я┌я─п╟пЁп╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╣п╣ п╨п╟п╨ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п©я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀.
+
+link:..[п▓п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫я▐я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/releng.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/releng.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86db8dd333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/releng.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "п÷п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD
+
+== п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╣я│п╣п╫п╟!
+
+п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п╠я▀п╩п╟ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╣я│п╣п╫п╟.
+
+п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ я│ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╟ п©п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╠я▀п╩ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫ п╦ я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╣п╫ п╨п╟п╨ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╣пЁп╬ link:{releng}[п╥п╢п╣я│я▄].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/rtp.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/rtp.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..453bb20425
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/rtp.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+---
+title: "п║п╣я┌я▄ Rtp.FreeBSD.org"
+sidenav: docs
+--- 
+
+= п║п╣я┌я▄ Rtp.FreeBSD.org
+
+п²п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п╥п╟п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╫я▀п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀, п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀п╣ п╫п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╡ я│п╣я┌п╦ Rtp.FreeBSD.org п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟п╪п╦ FreeBSD.
+
+п÷п╣я─п╣я┤п╣п╫я▄ SSH-п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╧ п╢п╩я▐ я┘п╬я│я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п╦я┘ п╬я┌п©п╣я┤п╟я┌п╨п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫ Rtp.FreeBSD.org п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╡ http://people.FreeBSD.org/~jwd/rtp/ssh-keys.asc[я█я┌п╬п╪ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣].
+
+== п▓я│п╣ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╟ я┘п╬я│я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╢п╬п╪п╣п╫п╣ Rtp.FreeBSD.org
+
+п▓п╬ п╡п╫п╣я┬п╫п╦я┘ я│п╣я┌я▐я┘ п╡п╦п╢п╫я▀ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀:
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п╔п╬я│я┌ |п·п║ |п²п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ |п▓п╩п╟п╢п╣п╩п╣я├ (п╡п╩п╟п╢п╣п╩я▄я├я▀)
+|Triangle |4-STABLE |Admin/Email/Web/п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╫я█п©я┬п╬я┌п╬п╡ releng4 |п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+|8ball |5-CURRENT |п÷я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╬я┤п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ Ports/INDEX |п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+|9ball |CURRENT |я─п╣пЁя┐п╩я▐я─п╫я▀п╧ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│ ISO я│ -CURRENT п╫п╟ releng4.FreeBSD.org |п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+|Cueball |CURRENT |п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬п╣ п╪п╣я│я┌п╬ |п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+|Stanley |CURRENT |п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ generic/amd64 |п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+|Shark |CURRENT |я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╟ |п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+|===
+
+п║п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╡п╦п╢п╫я▀ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╡я┘п╬п╢п╟ п╡ п╬п╢п╫я┐ п╦п╥ п╡я▀я┬п╣п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪:
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п╔п╬я│я┌ |п·п║ |п²п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ |п▓п╩п╟п╢п╣п╩п╣я├ (п╡п╩п╟п╢п╣п╩я▄я├я▀)
+|bankshot |CURRENT |п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ |п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+|===
+
+== п░п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п╔п╬я│я┌ |п╒п╦п© |п·п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣
+|Triangle |AMD Athlon |MP 2200+, 2 п⌠п╠п╟п╧я┌ п·п≈пё, http://rtp.FreeBSD.org/~jwd/dmesg/dmesg.triangle[dmesg.boot]
+|8ball |AMD Athlon |MP 1900+, 2 п⌠п╠п╟п╧я┌ п·п≈пё, http://rtp.FreeBSD.org/~jwd/dmesg/dmesg.8ball[dmesg.boot]
+|9ball |Intel x86 |P4 я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ HT 2.8GHz, 1 п⌠п╠п╟п╧я┌ п·п≈пё, http://rtp.FreeBSD.org/~jwd/dmesg/dmesg.9ball[dmesg.boot]
+|cueball |Intel x86 |п■п╡я┐я┘п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫я▀п╧ Xeon я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ HT 2.8GHz, 3 п⌠п╠п╟п╧я┌ п·п≈пё, http://rtp.FreeBSD.org/~jwd/dmesg/dmesg.cueball[dmesg.boot]
+|Stanley |AMD64 |п■п╡я┐я┘п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫я▀п╧ Opteron 240, 6 п⌠п╠п╟п╧я┌ п·п≈пё, http://rtp.FreeBSD.org/~jwd/dmesg/dmesg.stanley[dmesg.boot]
+|bankshot |Intel x86 |п■п╡я┐я┘п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫я▀п╧ Xeon я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ HT 2.8GHz, 4 п⌠п╠п╟п╧я┌ п·п≈пё, http://rtp.FreeBSD.org/~jwd/dmesg/dmesg.bankshot[dmesg.boot]
+|Shark |AMD64 |AMD FX-53, 2 п⌠п╠п╟п╧я┌ п·п≈пё, http://rtp.FreeBSD.org/~jwd/dmesg/dmesg.shark[dmesg.boot]
+|===
+
+п■п╬п╪п╟я┬п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╦, п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─я┐п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╡ /home, п╬п╠я│п╩я┐п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╪ я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ NFS/RAID5. п п╟п╤п╢п╟я▐ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬п╣ п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ ccd, п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╬п╣ п╨п╟п╨ /vol/vol0 п╦ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬п╣ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ я│п╦п╪п╡п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ я│я│я▀п╩п╨я┐ /users. п╜я┌п╦ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫я▀ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п╩п╬п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╢я┐п©п╩п╣п╨я│п╫п╬п╧ я│п╣я┌я▄я▌ я│ п©я─п╬п©я┐я│п╨п╫п╬п╧ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ 100 п°п╠п╦я┌/я│. п²п╟ п╡я│п╣я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘ п©я─п╦я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩п╦ п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я┐п╢п╟п╩я▒п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪. п²п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╣ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩я▄я▌ п╦ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ bankshot.rtp п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ п©п╬ п©я─п╦п╫я├п╦п©я┐ п╬я┤п╣я─я▒п╢п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я┌я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╥п╟п©я─п╬я│п╬п╡.
+
+== п÷п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨п╟ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐
+
+п▓я│п╣ п╥п╟п©я─п╬я│я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ admins AT Rtp.FreeBSD.org.
+
+п║п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ я┐я┤я▒я┌п╫я▀я┘ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╣п╧ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╣ п╨ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─я┐ FreeBSD.org п╦ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦я▐ п©я─п╟п╡ п╫п╟ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╬п╡.
+
+link:..[п▓п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫я▐я▐ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/statistic.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/statistic.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8ce5ae4c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/statistic.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD Statistics"
+sidenav: docs
+--- 
+
+= FreeBSD Statistics
+
+== п▓п╣п╠-я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╟
+
+[[analog]]
+=== Analog
+
+http://www.FreeBSD.org/statistic/www.html[п║я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╟ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐] я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╣п╤п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫п╬ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ п╟п╫п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я┌п╬я─п╟ п╩п╬пЁп╬п╡ http://www.analog.cx/[Analog].
+
+[[releasestatistic]]
+== п║я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╟ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD
+
+п╒п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╧ я│я─п╣п╥ я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://www.FreeBSD.org/statistic/release_usage/images/.
+
+== п╒я─п╟я└п╦п╨ FTP я│ ftp.FreeBSD.org
+
+п°я▀ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ я─п╣п╨п╬я─п╢п╫я▀п╧ п©п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ п╬п╠я┼я▒п╪п╟ я┌я─п╟я└п╦п╨п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╧ http://www.terasolutions.com/pr0929.html[TeraSolutions п╦ Lightning Internet Services] 29 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000, п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ 2п╒п▒. +
+п÷я─п╣п╢я▀п╢я┐я┴п╦п╧ я─п╣п╨п╬я─п╢ п╠я▀п╩ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫ п╢п╩я▐ wcarchive 23 п°п╟я▐ 1999, п╦ п╬п╫ я─п╟п╡п╣п╫ 1.39п╒п▒.
+
+link:..[п▓п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫я▐я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internet.adoc b/website/content/ru/internet.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06c984cbfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internet.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+title: "п· я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ FreeBSD п╡ я│п╣я┌я▐я┘"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п· я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ FreeBSD п╡ я│п╣я┌я▐я┘
+
+== FreeBSD п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╡ Internet
+
+п▓ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╨я┐ FreeBSD п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ я│я┌п╣п╨ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬п╡ TCP/IP п╬я┌ 4.4BSD, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п©я─п╦п╥п╫п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╪п╦ _я█я┌п╟п╩п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧_ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ TCP/IP, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│я┤п╦я┌п╟я┌я▄ FreeBSD п╦п╢п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦ Internet.
+
+== FreeBSD п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩я▀ TCP/IP.
+
+п п╟п╨ п╦ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ UNIX(R), п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ FreeBSD п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩п╦я┌ п╡п╟п╪
+
+* п·я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ NFS
+* п═п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я▄ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п©п╬ я│п╣я┌п╦ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ NIS
+* п·я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п╢п╦я│я┌п╟п╫я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╡я┘п╬п╢ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐
+* п·я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п╢п╦я│я┌п╟п╫я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╣ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬ SNMP
+* п÷п╣я─п╣п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ п©п╬ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩я┐ FTP
+* п·я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╩я┐п╤п╠я┐ п╦п╪п╣п╫ Internet я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ DNS/BIND
+* п°п╟я─я┬я─я┐я┌п╦п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╪п╦ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╟п╪п╦, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩я▀ PPP п╦ SLIP
+* п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╩я┐п╤п╠я▀ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬п╡п╣я┴п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟я┤п╦ (MBONE)
+
+п║ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╡п╟п╪ п©я─п╣п╡я─п╟я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╡п╟я┬ PC п╡ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ World Wide Web п╦п╩п╦ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ Usenet. п║ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ SAMBA п╡я▀ п╢п╟п╤п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╦п╩п╦ п©я─п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я▀ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ я│ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟п╪п╦ Win95 п╦ NT п╦, я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ п╟я┐я┌п╣п╫я┌п╦я└п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╟ PCNFS, п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ PC/NFS. FreeBSD я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╡ я│п╣я┌я▐я┘ Appletalk п╦ Novell п╨п╟п╨ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╨п╩п╦п╣п╫я┌п╟, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ (я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ http://www.netcon.com/[п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐]), я┤я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌ п╣п╣ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦п╪ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╪ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╢п╩я▐ "Intranet".
+
+FreeBSD я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╟ TCP, п╨п╟п╨ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌я┐ http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/htbin/rfc/rfc1323.html[RFC-1323], п╦ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╩я▐ я┌я─п╟п╫п╥п╟п╨я├п╦п╧ п©п╬ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌я┐ http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/htbin/rfc/rfc1644.html[RFC-1644], п©п╩я▌я│ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩я▀ SLIP п╦ dial-on-demand PPP. п╜я┌п╟ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я┐п╢п╬п╡п╩п╣я┌п╡п╬я─п╦я┌я▄ п╥п╟п©я─п╬я│я▀ п╨п╟п╨ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╬п╪п╟я┬п╫п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─п╟ п╨п╬я─п©п╬я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ я│п╣я┌п╦.
+
+== п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ FreeBSD п╡ я│п╣я┌п╦ п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╦ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌.
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╟ п╫п╟п╢я▒п╤п╫п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ Internet, п╢п╟я▌я┴п╟я▐ п╩я┐я┤я┬я┐я▌ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п©я─п╦ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п╧ п╫п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╣, п╬я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌п╣ я│п╡п╬п╧ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─ п╫п╟ FreeBSD. п▓п╬я┌ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╩п╦я┬я▄ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╧, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ FreeBSD п╡ я│п╡п╬п╣п╧ п©п╬п╡я│п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫п╬п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣:
+
+* Walnut Creek CDROM п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╦п╥ п╫п╟п╦п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п©я┐п╩я▐я─п╫я▀я┘ FTP я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ п╡ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╫п╣я┌, ftp.cdrom.com, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╫п╟ FreeBSD п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╩п╣я┌. п╜я┌п╬ п╠я▀п╩ п╬п╢п╦п╫ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ FreeBSD, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ 6000 я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫я▀п╧ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ 30 я┌п╣я─п╟п╠п╟п╧я┌ (п╡ п╦я▌п╫п╣ 1999; п╢п╟, _я┌п╣я─п╟п╠п╟п╧я┌_!) я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╨п╟п╤п╢я▀п╧ п╪п╣я│я▐я├ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ 10 п╪п╦п╩п╩п╦п╬п╫п╟п╪ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨.
+* п п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐ http://www.yahoo.com/[Yahoo Inc.], я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╟я▐я│я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╪ я┐п╫п╦п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╟ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╬п╡ Internet, п╬п╠я│п╩я┐п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╣п╤п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╥п╟п©я─п╬я│п╬п╡ п╬ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╡ World Wide Web. Yahoo, п╨п╟п╨ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦, п╢п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ я│п╡п╬я▌ я─п╣п╨п╩п╟п╪я┐ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╣ Yahoo, п©я─п╦ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╫п╟п╢п╣п╤п╫я▀я┘ п╦ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀я┘ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ FreeBSD.
+* http://www.netcraft.com/[Netcraft] я█я┌п╬ п╡п╣п╢я┐я┴п╦п╣ п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╣п╠ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ п╡ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╫п╣я┌. п·п╫п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ FreeBSD п╦ Apache п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ я│п╡п╬п╣пЁп╬ я│п╟п╧я┌п╟ п╦ FreeBSD/Perl п╢п╩я▐ я│п╠п╬я─п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╦п╥ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╫п╣я┌.
+* п∙я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫п╣ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬, п©п╬я│п╣я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╟я┬я┐ link:../gallery/[п⌠п╟п╩п╣я─п╣я▌] п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧, п╢п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ FreeBSD.
+
+FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦п╢п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│п╩я┐п╤п╠ Internet:
+
+* WWW-я│п╩я┐п╤п╠п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫п╦я┘ п╫я┐п╤п╢ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╦п╩п╦ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄я│я┌п╡п╟ п╡ Internet
+* п║п╩я┐п╤п╠п╟ п©я─п╬п╨я│п╦-п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╨ Internet
+* п║п╩я┐п╤п╠п╟ п╬п╠я┴п╣п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀я┘ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ FTP
+* п п╬я─п©п╬я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ я│п╩я┐п╤п╠я▀ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╨ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟п╪, п©п╣я┤п╟я┌п╦ п╦ п©п╬я┤я┌я▀
+
+link:../ports/[п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡] FreeBSD я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╬п╣ п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣, п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┴п╣п╣ п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╟я┬ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ Internet.
+
+== п▓я▀я│п╬п╨п╟я▐ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ _п╦_ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌я▄.
+
+п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦ FreeBSD п╥п╟п╠п╬я┌я▐я┌я│я▐ п╬ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╣ п╡ п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╣п╧ п╪п╣я─п╣, я┤п╣п╪ п╬ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦. п▓ я▐п╢я─п╬ FreeBSD п╫п╟я─я▐п╢я┐ я│ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╠я─п╟п╫п╢п╪п╟я┐я█я─п╟, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╟, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, я│п╩я┐п╤п╠п╟ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ я┬п╩я▌п╥п╬п╡ IP. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╟п╣я┌п╣ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ я└п╦я─п╪я▀ п╡ Internet, п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─ я│ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ FreeBSD п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╡я▀я│я┌я┐п©п╟я┌я▄ п╡ я─п╬п╩п╦ п╪п╣п╤я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬пЁп╬ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╦я┘ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┌я▀ п╬я┌ п╡я┌п╬я─п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╥п╡п╫п╣.
+
+п я─п╦п©я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╬п╠п╬п╩п╬я┤п╨п╦, п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ я│п╣п╨я─п╣я┌п╫п╬я│я┌я▄, я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ Kerberos, я┬п╦я└я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╟ secure RPC я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ (я█я┌п╬ п╨п╟я│п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╥п╟п╨п╬п╫п╬п╢п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╬пЁя─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╫п╟ я█п╨я│п©п╬я─я┌ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐).
+
+п▒п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ FreeBSD п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬ я│п╬я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╦я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╡ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я┌п╡я─п╟я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟я─я┐я┬п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦ п╬я└п╬я─п╪п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢п╟я├п╦п╧ я│ mailto:security-officer@FreeBSD.ORG[п╬я└п╦я├п╣я─п╬п╪ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦] п╦ п⌠я─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ п·п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬пЁп╬ п═п╣п╟пЁп╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ (Computer Emergency Response Team) (http://www.cert.org/[CERT]).
+
+== п╖я┌п╬ пЁп╬п╡п╬я─я▐я┌ я█п╨я│п©п╣я─я┌я▀ . . .
+
+_``п÷п╬я┘п╬п╤п╣, я┤я┌п╬ FreeBSD ... п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╟п╪я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╢п╣п╤п╫я▀п╧ п╦ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я├п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ я│я┌п╣п╨ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬п╡ TCP/IP п╦п╥ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ ...''_
+
+---п°п╟п╧п╨п╩ п·'п▒я─п╟п╧п╣п╫ (Michael O'Brien), _SunExpert_ п░п╡пЁя┐я│я┌ 1996 volume 7 number 8.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..941dd1d4b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦
+
+[.right]
+image::../../gifs/j2j.gif[Jump to Java(R)]
+
+п╜я┌п╬ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п©п╬я─я┌ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ Java(R) Development Kit я└п╦я─п╪я▀ Sun п╫п╟ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я┐ FreeBSD. п²п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╫п╣ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ п╫п╦ п╬ п╨п╟п╨п╦я┘ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟я┘, п╬п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╫п╣я┌ п╫п╦п╨п╟п╨п╦я┘ пЁп╟я─п╟п╫я┌п╦п╧, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡ п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌. п╜я┌п╬, п╬п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬, п╫п╣ п╪п╣я┬п╟п╣я┌ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╪ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪ п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©п╬я─я┌, я┌п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ п╡я│я▒ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬.
+
+http://www.FreeBSDFoundation.org/[FreeBSD Foundation] п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦п╩п╟ п╬я┌ Sun Microsystems п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▌ п╫п╟ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ Java Runtime Environment (JRE(TM)) п╦ Java Development Kit (JDK(R)).
+
+п╒п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╣ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀ JDK п╦ JRE, п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀п╣ FreeBSD Foundation, 1.3.1. п╜я┌п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п©я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╦ я│п╣я─я┌п╦я└п╦я├п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE, п╫п╬ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я│ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟п╪п╦ 4.X. п╜я┌п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ п╫п╣ п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я│ FreeBSD 5.X п╡ я│п╡я▐п╥п╦ я│ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╬п╧ п╢п╡п╬п╦я┤п╫п╬п╧ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦, п╫п╟п╢ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ FreeBSD Foundation п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD.
+
+п≈п╟ п╢п╟п╩я▄п╫п╣п╧я┬п╣п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п©п╬ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╣ JDK п╦ JRE п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ http://www.FreeBSDFoundation.org/downloads/java.shtml[FreeBSD Foundation Java Downloads].
+
+== п╒я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п╡ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ Java(R) п╫п╟ FreeBSD?
+
+п║я┌п╟я┌я▄я▐ Java п╦ Jakarta Tomcat я█я┌п╬ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫п╬п╣ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╣ JDK(R) п╦ JRE(TM) п╡ FreeBSD. п·п╫п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╣п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/[Jakarta Tomcat] я│ http://www.apache.org/[Apache Software Foundation].
+
+== п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦
+
+* link:newsflash[п░п╫п╬п╫я│я▀]
+
+== п÷я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣
+
+* link:install[п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ Java п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD]
+* link:dists/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘]
+* link:../ports/java[п≤п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п©п╬я─я┌я▀...]
+* link:howhelp[п╖п╣п╪ я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄?]
+* link:howhelp/#BUG[п╞ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╩ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨я┐!?!]
+
+== п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐
+
+* link:docs/newbies[п■п╩я▐ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘]
+* link:docs/tutorials[п÷п╬я│п╬п╠п╦я▐]
+* link:docs/faq[FAQ]
+* link:docs/performance[п║я─п╟п╡п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦]
+* link:docs/howtoports[п║п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡...]
+
+== п═п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀ Java
+
+* link:links/[п║я│я▀п╩п╨п╦]
+* link:links/freebsd[FreeBSD]
+* link:links/vendor[п÷п╬я│я┌п╟п╡я┴п╦п╨п╦]
+* link:links/development[п≤п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦]
+* link:links/api[API]
+* link:links/tutorials[п÷п╬я│п╬п╠п╦я▐]
+* link:links/documentation[п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐]
+* link:links/resources[п═п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀...]
+* link:links/servlets[п║п╣я─п╡п╩п╣я┌я▀]
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/advocacy.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/advocacy.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9657865396
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/advocacy.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п▓ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┌я┐"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п▓ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┌я┐
+
+п°я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╣п╩п╦ п╠я▀ п╡п╦п╢п╣я┌я▄ FreeBSD я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ Java(R).
+
+*п≈п╟п©я─п╬я│ п╫п╟ п╢п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨я┐ я└п╦я─п╪п╣ Sun*: +
+п°я▀ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╦ п╡ Sun п©п╣я┌п╦я├п╦я▌ п╫п╟ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD. п▓ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╣п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╪я▀ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪я│я▐ п╫п╟ *п╡я┌п╬я─п╬п╪* п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ п©п╬ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡я┐ я│п╬п╠я─п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌п╣я│я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪ Java Developer's Connection (я█я┌п╬ п╠п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫п╬), п╡я▀ я┌п╬п╤п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╬пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╥п╟ п╫п╟я│ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/bugParade/bugs/4288745.html
+
+*п÷п╣я┌п╦я├п╦я▐ IBM п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ FreeBSD*: +
+п▓ п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─п╣ 1999 IBM п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩п╟ п╫п╬п╡я┐я▌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ я│п╡п╬п╣пЁп╬ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ IBM Developer Kit п╢п╩я▐ Linux. п°я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╣п╩п╦ п╠я▀ п╡п╦п╢п╣я┌я▄ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ п╦ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╨я┌п╬-п╫п╦п╠я┐п╢я▄ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п╨п╬п╫я┌п╟п╨я┌я▀ я│ IBM, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©п╬п╪п╬пЁп╩п╦ п╠я▀ п╡ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╣, п╢п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ mailto:patrick@freebsd.org[п÷п╟я┌я─п╦п╨я┐ п⌠п╟я─п╢п╣п╩п╩п╣] (Patrick Gardella).
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/dists/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/dists/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b12ac35891
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/dists/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п■п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡я▀"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п■п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡я▀
+
+[cols=",",]
+|===
+|п╜я┌п╬ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п©п╬я─я┌ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ Java(R) development Kit я└п╦я─п╪я▀ Sun п╫п╟ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я┐ FreeBSD. п²п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╫п╣ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ п╫п╦ п╬ п╨п╟п╨п╦я┘ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟я┘, п╬п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╫п╣я┌ п╫п╦п╨п╟п╨п╦я┘ пЁп╟я─п╟п╫я┌п╦п╧, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡ п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌. п╜я┌п╬, п╬п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬, п╫п╣ п╪п╣я┬п╟п╣я┌ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╪ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪ п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©п╬я─я┌, я┌п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ п╡я│я▒ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬. |http://java.sun.com[image:../../../java/j2j.gif[Jump to Java]]
+|===
+
+== п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣
+
+=== JDK(R) 1.1.x
+
+п▓ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╫п╟п╪п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ link:11[JDK 1.1.8] п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD 2.2.x, 3.x п╦ 4-CURRENT. п║я▌п╢п╟ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╟ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ я│ X п╦ п╠п╣п╥ X п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ п╢п╡я┐я┘ п╡п╟я─п╦п╟п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╠п╦п╫п╟я─п╫я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡.
+
+=== JDK 1.2.x
+
+link:12[JDK2 (п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╟п╨ 1.2)] п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ п╠п╩п╦п╤п╟п╧я┬п╣п╪ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣п╪.
+
+=== JDK 1.3.x
+
+link:13[JDK 1.3] п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ п╠п╩п╦п╤п╟п╧я┬п╣п╪ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣п╪ (п©п╬я│п╩п╣ JDK 1.2).
+
+=== JDK 1.4.x
+
+link:14[JDK 1.4] п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ п╠п╩п╦п╤п╟п╧я┬п╣п╪ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣п╪ (п©п╬я│п╩п╣ JDK 1.3).
+
+== п²п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣
+
+=== JDK 1.0.x
+
+п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ я│я┌п╟я─я▀п╧ п©п╬я─я┌ link:10[JDK 1.0.2]. п·п╫ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ a.out п╦ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟ я│я┌п╟я─я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘ FreeBSD (2.1.x п╦ 2.2.x). *п╜я┌п╬я┌ п©п╬я─я┌ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐*
+
+п▓я│п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ FreeBSD п╢п╬ 2.2 (я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣, п╨п╟п╨ FreeBSD 2.1.7.1) п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╦ п╡ JDK 1.1.8, п╫п╦ п╡ JDK 1.2.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/docs/faq.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/docs/faq.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2d3e77e66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/docs/faq.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: FAQ"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): FAQ
+
+== п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟п╫п╦п╣
+
+. <<q1,п║я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╩п╦ JDK(R) 1.3 п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD?>>
+. <<q2,п°п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╩п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ Linux-Port п╬я┌ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ Blackdown?>>
+
+== п÷п╬п╩п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐
+
+[[q1]]
+. п║я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╩п╦ JDK(R) 1.3 п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD?
+п■п╟. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я│п╬п╠я─п╟я┌я▄ FreeBSD JDK п╦п╥ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ п╦п╩п╦ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌я▄ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╠п╦п╫п╟я─п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡. п≈п╟ п╢п╟п╩я▄п╫п╣п╧я┬п╣п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ FreeBSD Java.
++
+[[q2]]
+. п°п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╩п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ Linux-Port п╬я┌ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ Blackdown?
+п²п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦п╩п╦, я┤я┌п╬ я┐я│п©п╣я┬п╫п╬ я█я┌п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩п╦. п÷п╬п©я─п╬п╠я┐п╧я┌п╣ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я┌п╟п╨: п║п╨п╟я┤п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╟я─я┘п╦п╡я▀, я─п╟я│п©п╟п╨я┐п╧я┌п╣ п╣пЁп╬ п╨я┐п╢п╟-п╫п╦п╠я┐п╢я▄. п╒п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╧ diff-я└п╟п╧п╩: 
+....
+      --- bin/.java_wrapper.dist      Thu Jun  3 01:14:34 1999
+      +++ bin/.java_wrapper   Thu Oct 14 19:17:11 1999
+      @@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
+      # Resolve symlinks. See 4152645.
+      while [ -h "$PRG" ]; do
+      ls=`/bin/ls -ld "$PRG"`
+      -    link=`/usr/bin/expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+      -    if /usr/bin/expr "$link" : '/' > /dev/null; then
+      +    link=`/compat/linux/usr/bin/expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+      +    if /compat/linux/usr/bin/expr "$link" : '/' > /dev/null; then
+      PRG="$link"
+      else
+      PRG="`/usr/bin/dirname $PRG`/$link"
+      @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
+      # Select vm type (if classic vm, also select thread type).
+      unset vmtype
+      unset ttype
+      -DEFAULT_THREADS_FLAG=native
+      +DEFAULT_THREADS_FLAG=green
+      if [ "x$1" = "x-hotspot" ]; then
+      vmtype=hotspot
+      ttype=native_threads
+      --- jre/bin/.java_wrapper.dist  Thu Jun  3 01:14:34 1999
+      +++ jre/bin/.java_wrapper   Thu Oct 14 19:32:06 1999
+      @@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
+      # Resolve symlinks. See 4152645.
+      while [ -h "$PRG" ]; do
+      ls=`/bin/ls -ld "$PRG"`
+      -    link=`/usr/bin/expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+      -    if /usr/bin/expr "$link" : '/' > /dev/null; then
+      +    link=`/compat/linux/usr/bin/expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+      +    if /compat/linux/usr/bin/expr "$link" : '/' > /dev/null; then
+      PRG="$link"
+      else
+      PRG="`/usr/bin/dirname $PRG`/$link"
+      @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
+      # Select vm type (if classic vm, also select thread type).
+      unset vmtype
+      unset ttype
+      -DEFAULT_THREADS_FLAG=native
+      +DEFAULT_THREADS_FLAG=green
+      if [ "x$1" = "x-hotspot" ]; then
+      vmtype=hotspot
+      ttype=native_threads
+....
+
+Thanks to Makoto MATSUSHITA (matusita@ics.es.osaka-u.ac.jp)
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/docs/howtoports.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/docs/howtoports.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb054927b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/docs/howtoports.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п п╟п╨ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬я─я┌"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п п╟п╨ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬я─я┌
+
+п·п╠я┴п╦п╣ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╡ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣ п©п╬ FreeBSD, п╡ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╣ link:{handbook}#porting[п÷п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п÷я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧].
+
+п■п╩я▐ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ Java(R) п╣я│я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╣п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐:
+
+....
+    1) п∙я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╟, я┌п╬ jar-я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ:
+      /usr/local/share/java/classes/
+
+    2) п∙я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣, я┌п╬ jar-я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ:
+      /usr/local/share/java/<application-name>/
+    п╟ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌я▀ п╡:
+      /usr/local/bin/
+
+    3) п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ:
+      /usr/local/share/doc/java/<application-name>/
+      
+....
+
+п╖п╣п╪ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ я┐ п╫п╟я│ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐, я┌п╣п╪ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/docs/newbies.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/docs/newbies.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ee5ab95ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/docs/newbies.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘
+
+п п╟п╨п╬п╧ я┌п╦п© "п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╟" п╡я▀ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌п╣?
+
+*п▓я▀ п╫п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪я▀ я│ JDK(R) п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD?* -- link:../../install[п≤п╥я┐я┤п╦я┌п╣ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ JDK]
+
+*п²п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪я▀ я│ Java(R)?* -- п≤п╥я┐я┤п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я▌ Java я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ link:../../tutorials[я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨п╟] п╦п╩п╦ link:../../documentation[п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦]. п·п╢п╫п╦п╪ п╦п╥ п╫п╟п╦п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┤п╟я│я┌п╬ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣п╪я▀я┘ п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╦п╧ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╟ п▒я─я▌я│п╟ п╜п╨п╣п╩я▐ (Bruce Eckel) http://www.eckelobjects.com/TIJ2/index.html[Thinking in Java].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/docs/performance.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/docs/performance.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62403b33b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/docs/performance.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п║я─п╟п╡п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п║я─п╟п╡п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦
+
+== п▓п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣:
+
+п▓ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╣п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ я─п╟п╥пЁп╬п╡п╬я─п╬п╡ п╬ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Sun п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п©п╬я─я┌ Java п╢п╩я▐ Linux. п╜я┌п╬ п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я│я─п╟п╡п╫п╦я┌я▄ я─п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ п╢п╩я▐ Linux п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ http://www.blackdown.org[Blackdown] я│ http://www.freebsd.org/java/[п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╪ JDK(R) п╫п╟ FreeBSD].
+
+== п≤я┌п╬пЁп╦:
+
+п÷п╬я─я┌ п╢п╩я▐ Linux п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╣п╣, я┤п╣п╪ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD, п╢п╟п╤п╣ п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п©я─п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╬ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╣ JIT. п■п╩я▐ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╦п╫я┌п╣п╫я│п╦п╡п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ я│ пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╨п╬п╧, п╡я│п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌я▀ FreeBSD п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╣п╣, я┤п╣п╪ Linux, п╦ я│п╟п╪я▀п╪ п╠я▀я│я┌я─я▀п╪ п╦п╥ п╫п╦я┘ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ FreeBSD/TYA. п÷я─п╦ я│я─п╟п╡п╫п╣п╫п╦п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ Linux п╦ FreeBSD, п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬пЁп╬ п╠п╣п╥ JIT, FreeBSD п╬п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╣п╣. п°я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣п╪ я│п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╫п╟ FreeBSD п╢п╦п╥п╟п╧п╫ JIT я│п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦.
+
+== п°п╣я┌п╬п╢п╦п╨п╟ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐:
+
+п▓я│п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌я▀ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟п╩п╦я│я▄ п╫п╟ FreeBSD 3.4-RC (Tue Dec 7 09:14:51 EST 1999) п╫п╟ п╢п╡я┐я┘п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫п╬п╪ Pentium 200 SMP я│п╬ 128 п╪п╣пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌п╟п╪п╦ п·п≈пё. п╒п╣я│я┌я▀ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫я▀ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Pendragon Software п©п╬п╢ п╫п╟п╥п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ http://www.webfayre.com/pendragon/cm3/index.html[Caffeine Mark] п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ 3.0 п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╬п╪ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─п╟ "Run all tests locally".
+
+== п▓п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐:
+
+п▓п╬я┌ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╡ я█я┌п╬п╪ я┌п╣я│я┌п╣: +
+FreeBSD JDK 1.1.8 +
+Blackdown's JDK 1.2.2-RC3 (under Linux emulation) +
+http://www.shudo.net/jit/[ShuJIT] 0.3.13 +
+ftp://gonzalez.cyberus.ca/pub/Linux/java/tya15.tgz[TYA] 1.5
+
+== п║я┐п╪п╪п╟я─п╫я▀п╣ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌я▀
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+| |п╒п╣я│я┌ 1 |п╒п╣я│я┌ 2 |п╒п╣я│я┌ 3 |п╒п╣я│я┌ 4 |п╒п╣я│я┌ 5 |п║я─п╣п╢п╫п╣п╣
+|Linux JDK 1.2.2/п╠п╣п╥ JIT |222 |223 |224 |225 |222 |223
+|FreeBSD JDK 1.1.8/п╠п╣п╥ JIT |247 |247 |247 |250 |247 |246
+|Linux JDK 1.2.2/я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀п╧ JIT |539 |550 |543 |544 |535 |542
+|FreeBSD JDK 1.1.8/shujit |373 |376 |369 |374 |373 |373
+|FreeBSD JDK 1.1.8/TYA |478 |477 |478 |479 |483 |479
+|===
+
+== п╒п╟п╠п╩п╦я├п╟ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫я▀я┘ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╬п╡:
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+| |Sieve |Loop |Logic |String |Float |Method |Graphics |Images |Dialog
+|Linux JDK 1.2.2/п╠п╣п╥ JIT |380 |434 |433 |489 |363 |337 |306 |25 |40
+|FreeBSD JDK 1.1.8/п╠п╣п╥ JIT |318 |456 |434 |393 |381 |381 |344 |77 |37
+|Linux JDK 1.2.2/я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀п╧ JIT |1361 |2005 |3354 |872 |1161 |1802 |247 |28 |40
+|FreeBSD JDK 1.1.8/shujit |800 |1566 |2191 |588 |1010 |101 |317 |79 |37
+|FreeBSD JDK 1.1.8/TYA |712 |1467 |2352 |949 |1078 |512 |357 |74 |38
+|===
+
+== п≈п╟п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣:
+
+п║ я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟, п╨п╟п╨ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫я▀ я█я┌п╦ я┌п╣я│я┌я▀, п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╡я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫я▀ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐. п÷п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ я█я┌п╦ я┌п╣я│я┌я▀ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫я▀ п╡я│п╨п╬я─п╣ я│п╫п╬п╡п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п©п╬п╡п╩п╦я▐я▌я┌ п╩п╦ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ JIT п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╫п╟ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌я▀. п╒п╣ п╤п╣ я│п╟п╪я▀п╣ JIT я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ я│ Linux JDK п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦я┘ п╡п╩п╦я▐п╫п╦я▐.
+
+== п╒п╣я│я┌п╣я─:
+
+п╜я┌п╦ я┌п╣я│я┌я▀ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╩ п÷п╟я┌я─п╦п╨ п⌠п╟я─п╢п╣п╩п╩п╟ (Patrick Gardella) patrick@freebsd.org п╡ п■п╣п╨п╟п╠я─п╣ 1999 пЁп╬п╢п╟.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/docs/tutorials.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/docs/tutorials.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d9a18628d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/docs/tutorials.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: пёя┤п╣п╠п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╦я▐"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): пёя┤п╣п╠п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╦я▐
+
+п²п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ я┐ п╫п╟я│ п╫п╣я┌ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩п╬п╡, п╬я─п╦п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟ FreeBSD. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╧ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄, п©п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ freebsd-java@freebsd.org.
+
+п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╦я▐ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ link:../../links/tutorials[п╥п╢п╣я│я▄].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/howhelp.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/howhelp.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..357cdbd3ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/howhelp.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п п╟п╨ п╫п╟п╪ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п п╟п╨ п╫п╟п╪ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄
+
+*п╞ я┘п╬я┤я┐*: +
+<<code,я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╢ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╪>> +
+<<testing,я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦>> +
+<<bug,я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦я┌я▄ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╣>> +
+<<documentation,п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌>>
+
+[[code]]
+== *п╒п╟п╨ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄, п╫п╣ п©я─п╟п╡п╢п╟ п╩п╦?*
+
+п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╫п╟п╢ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ JDK(R) я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ пЁп╩я┐п╠п╬п╨п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦я▐ C, п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ FreeBSD п╦ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦. п≤п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫я▀ п╡ п╨п╬п╢п╣, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╦п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ FreeBSD п╬я┌ Solaris(TM), я┌п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╣я┌п╣ п╦я┘, п╡я▀ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╨п╬ п╫п╣ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦п╫п╣я┌п╣я│я▄. п°п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ я┘п╬я┌п╣п╩п╦ п╠я▀ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п╫п╟п╪, п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п╬я│п╬п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╡п╩п╣я┤п╣я┌ п╥п╟ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧, п╬я┌п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╩п╦я│я▄ п╬я┌ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╦.
+
+п╒п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╡я▀ п©я─п╣п╢я┐п©я─п╣п╤п╢п╣п╫я▀, п╦ п╡п╬я┌ я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣:
+
+. *п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▌ п╫п╟ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢ п╬я┌ я└п╦я─п╪я▀ Sun*
+* *п■п╩я▐ JDK 1.1.x* п▓п╟п╪ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ "п²п╣п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ п⌡п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▌" п╜я┌п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://www.javasoft.com/nav/business/source_form.html
+* *п■п╩я▐ Java 2* п▓п╟п╪ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я│п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╦ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▌ "Community Source License" п╜я┌п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ http://jsecom4.sun.com:80/servlet/EComActionServlet/ECom.WelcomePageInfo;$sessionid$[Sun Download Center]
+. *п║п╨п╟я┤п╟я┌я▄ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢*
+* *п■п╩я▐ JDK 1.1.x* п≤п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╦ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╡п╟п╪ п╢п╟п╫я▀ я└п╦я─п╪п╬п╧ Sun.
+* *п■п╩я▐ Java 2* п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌я▄ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://www.sun.com/software/java2/download.html
+. *п▓п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╟я┌я┤п╟п╪п╦* п÷п╟я┌я┤п╦ п╦ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫я▀ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://www.eyesbeyond.com/freebsd-jdk122-patches-latest.tar.gz. п╒п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╧ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀я┘ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╬п╡ п╦ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌я▀ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://www.kjkoster.org/java/index.html[http://kjkoster.org/java/index.html]
+. *п÷п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ "diff-я└п╟п╧п╩я▀" п╨ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╪ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╟п╪* п·п©п╬п╡п╣я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ п²я█п╧я┌п╟ п▓п╦п╩я▄я▐п╪я│п╟ (Nate Williams) nate@yogotech.com, я┤я┌п╬ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬пЁп╬п╡п╬я─п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╬ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╨ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡я┐ CVS.
+. *п²п╟я┤п╟я┌я▄ я┘п╟п╨п╟я┌я▄ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌я▀* п²п╟я┤п╫п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣. п▓я│я┌п╟п╡п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╦ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╨п╬п╡я▀я─я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╟я┘.
+. *п║п╨п╟п╤п╦я┌п╣ п╪п╦я─я┐, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п╥п╟п╡п╣я─я┬п╦п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌!*
+
+[[testing]]
+== *п▓я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄, п╫п╬ п╫п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╣я┌п╣ C п╦п╩п╦ FreeBSD _я┌п╟п╨_ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╬?*
+
+п║п╟п╪п╬п╣ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ - я█я┌п╬ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌я▄ link:../dists/[я│п╟п╪я▀п╧ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╧ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥], я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╣пЁп╬ п╦ п©п╬п©я─п╬п╠п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣ п╡п╟я┬п╦ п╩я▌п╠п╦п╪я▀п╣ Java-п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╬п╫п╦ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌, я┌п╬ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌я┐ п╫п╦п╤п╣.
+
+[[BUG]]
+== *п╞ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╩ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨я┐!*
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╟я┬п╩п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌, п╦п╩п╦ я│п╠п╬п╦я┌, я┌п╬ п╡п╬я┌ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄, п©я─п╣п╤п╢п╣ я┤п╣п╪ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦я┌я▄ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╣:
+
+. п÷п╬п©я─п╬п╠я┐п╧я┌п╣ п╣я┴п╣ я─п╟п╥.
+. п÷я─п╬п╡п╣я─я▄я┌п╣ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐. п÷я─п╬п╡п╣я─я▄я┌п╣, п╫п╣ п╢п╬п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩п╦ п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦ п©я─п╦ п╣пЁп╬ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╣.
+. п÷п╬п©я─п╬п╠я┐п╧я┌п╣ п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╧ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╣. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╨ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥я├п╬п╡п╬п╧ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╣, п©п╬п©я─п╬п╠я┐п╧я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╪. (п°я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╦я┌я▄, я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╬п╧ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╬п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ Java п╦п╩п╦ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╬п╧, п©я─п╬я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╣п╧я│я▐ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡п╬ FreeBSD.)
+. п⌡п╬п╨п╟п╩п╦п╥я┐п╧я┌п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я┐. п∙я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╡п╟я┬ п╨п╬п╢, п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╢п╦я┌п╣ п╪п╣я│я┌п╬ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╫п╬п╡п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦ п╡ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╣п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╣. п∙я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╣ я┌п╟п╨, п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╦я┌п╣ я┬п╟пЁп╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢я▐я┌ п╨ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╫п╬п╡п╣п╫п╦я▌ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀.
+. п║п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦я┌п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ JDK. п÷п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ freebsd-java@freebsd.org. п²п╣ п╥п╟п╠я┐п╢я▄я┌п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡я▀ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╩п╦.
+. п≤ п╫п╟п╨п╬п╫п╣я├, я┤я┌п╬ я│п╟п╪п╬п╣ п╡п╟п╤п╫п╬п╣, п╠я┐п╢я▄я┌п╣ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡я▀ п╨ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я│ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╬п╧ п╫п╟п╢ я┐я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀.
+
+[[documentation]]
+== *п╞ п╪п╬пЁя┐ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я│ п╡п╣п╠-п╢п╦п╥п╟п╧п╫п╬п╪ п╦п╩п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╣п╧!*
+
+п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©п╬п╪п╬пЁп╟я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п©п╬п╤п╣п╩п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦п╩п╦ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦, п╫п╟п©п╦я┬п╦я┌п╣ п╣пЁп╬ п╦ п©п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ freebsd-java@freebsd.org
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/install.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/install.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..124f6280c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/install.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦
+
+пёя│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟я▐ Java п╫п╟ FreeBSD, п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╡я▀п╠я─п╟я┌я▄ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╪п╦ Java Development Kit:
+
+[[jdk]]
+== п═п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ JDK п╫п╟ FreeBSD
+
+п╜я┌п╬ п©п╩п╬п╢ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦п╧ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ Java 2 п╫п╟ FreeBSD. п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▐ я█я┌п╬я┌ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ п╦ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╟ JDK, п╡я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ Sun, я█я┌п╬я┌ п©п╬я─я┌ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟п╣я┌ я─п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ JDK п©п╬п╢ FreeBSD.
+
+`cd /usr/ports/java/jdk14`
+
+`make install clean`
+
+[[linux-sun-jdk]]
+== Sun JDK п╢п╩я▐ Linux
+
+п╜я┌п╬я┌ п©п╬я─я┌ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ Java 2 Developement Kit п╬я┌ Sun, я│п╬п╠я─п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╩я▐ Linux. п·п╫ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╬п╢ FreeBSD п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▐ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ я│ Linux.
+
+`cd /usr/ports/java/linux-sun-jdk14`
+
+`make install clean`
+
+[[linux-ibm-jdk]]
+== IBM JDK п╢п╩я▐ Linux
+
+п╜я┌п╬ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ Java 2 Standard Edition SDK, п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ 1.4 п╢п╩я▐ Linux п╬я┌ IBM. п·п╫п╟ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я┌п╬я─ IBM just-in-time, я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ я┐п╫п╦п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ Mixed Mode Interpreter п╦ п©п╣я─п╣я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╦я─я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ Java 2.
+
+`cd /usr/ports/java/linux-ibm-jdk14`
+
+`make install clean`
+
+[[linux-blackdown-jdk]]
+== Blackdown JDK п╢п╩я▐ Linux
+
+Blackdown Java Developer Kit 1.4.1. п·п╫ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╨п╩п╦п╣п╫я┌я│п╨п╦п╣ п╦ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╦я─я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ HotSpot, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ Java Web Start 1.2 Б─■ Java п©п╩п╟пЁп╦п╫ п╢п╩я▐ п╠я─п╟я┐п╥п╣я─п╬п╡, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟ Mozilla п╦ Java п©п╩п╟пЁп╦п╫ п╢п╩я▐ п╠я─п╟я┐п╥п╣я─п╬п╡ Netscape 4.x.
+
+`cd /usr/ports/java/linux-blackdown-jdk14`
+`make install clean`
+
+*п÷я─п╦п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣:* п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╦п╪п╣п╧я┌п╣ п╡п╡п╦п╢я┐, я┤я┌п╬ п╡ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╦ я│ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п©п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨п╬п╧ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ Sun, п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦п╡я┬п╦п╧я│я▐ п╢п╡п╬п╦я┤п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢ п╫п╣п╩я▄п╥я▐ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я▄, я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╬ п╩п╦я┬я▄ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄/п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫я▐я┌я▄ п╣пЁп╬ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫я┐п╤п╢. п÷п╬ я█я┌п╦п╪ п╤п╣ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫п╟п╪ п▓п╟п╪ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡я─я┐я┤п╫я┐я▌ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌я▄ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌я▀ п╦ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─я▀ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD.
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╫я┐я┌ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬п╪ я█я┌п╟п©п╣, п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╥п╟ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ п╨ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я┐ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п©п╬ FreeBSD, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╣п╪я┐я│я▐ link:{handbook}#ports["я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧"].
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75be56efee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п═п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п═п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀
+
+п²п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦п╦ я│я│я▀п╩п╬п╨ п╫п╟ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀ java, п╬я┌я│п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬ я┌п╣п╪п╟п╪.
+
+* link:../freebsd/[FreeBSD] +
+п║п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╫п╟я▐ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐, я┌п╦п©п╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦ я┌п╢.
+* link:../vendor/[п÷я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩п╦] +
+п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ я│п╟п╧я┌я▀, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│ Sun, IBM, ...
+* link:../development/[п≤п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦] +
+п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╢п╩я▐ Java (п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ Sun п╦ IBM)
+* link:../api/[API] +
+п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ API п╦ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬п╡
+* link:../tutorials/[пёя┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨п╦] +
+п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╬п╫п╩п╟п╧п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨п╦, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╫п╟ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ JavaSoft
+* link:../documentation/[п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐] +
+п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╬п╫п╩п╟п╧п╫п╬п╡я┐я▌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴я┐я▌я│я▐ java
+* link:../servlets/[п║п╣я─п╡п╩п╣я┌я▀] +
+п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ я│п╣я─п╡п╩п╣я┌п╟я┘ п╦ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ я│п╣я─п╡п╩п╣я┌
+* link:../resources/[п═п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀...] +
+п▓я│я▒, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п©п╟п╢п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦п╦
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/api.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/api.adoc
new file mode 100644
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+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: API"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): API
+
+== п═п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ API п╬я┌ Sun Microsystems
+
+п▓ п╫п╦п╤п╣я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╪ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╣ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я┤п╟я│я┌п╦ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀я┘ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦п╧ API п╦ п╦я┘ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╧ п╬я┌ SUN (п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я┐ http://java.sun.com/products[Java Products] п╦, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, Standard Extensions)
+
+* http://java.sun.com/products/jfc[JFC (Java Foundation Classes)] +
+п·я┌я│я▌п╢п╟ п©я─п╦я┬п╣п╩ Swing. п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ http://java.sun.com/products/jfc/tsc[The Swing Connection].
+* http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/jmf/index.html[Java^TM^ Media Framework] +
+п÷я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫я▀п╧ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ Java Media Framework (JMF) 1.0 API п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╬я│я┌я┐я▌, я┐п╫п╦я└п╦я├п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я┐, п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩ п╬п╠п╪п╣п╫п╟ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫я▀п╧ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╬я│п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧. п╜я┌п╬я┌ API п╠я▀п╩ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╫ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ Sun Microsystems, Inc., Silicon Graphics Inc., п╦ Intel Corporation. +
+Java Media Framework (JMF) 2.0 API я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─я▐п╣я┌ 1.0 API, п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я▐ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╦ п╥п╟я┘п╡п╟я┌п╟ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫я▐п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╢п╣п╨п╦, я│п╬я┘я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡, я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬п╡п╣я┴п╟п╫п╦п╣ RTP п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╦ п╪п╟п╫п╦п©я┐п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╢п╬ п╦я┘ п╡п╬я│п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐. п╜я┌п╬я┌ API п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╣п╫ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠п╥п╬я─п╟ п╦ п╠я▀п╩ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╫ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ Sun Microsystems, Inc. п╦ IBM.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/jai/index.html[Java^TM^ Advanced Imaging] +
+Java Advanced Imaging (JAI) API - я█я┌п╬ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─я▐п╣п╪я▀п╧ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫я▀п╧ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ я│п╩п╬п╤п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦ п╟п©п©п╩п╣я┌ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╨п╬п╧ п╫п╟ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ Java. Java Advanced Imaging API п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╠п╬пЁп╟я┌я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п╨п╟п╨ tiling, deferred execution п╦ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫я┐я▌ п╪п╟я│я┬я┌п╟п╠п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╬я│я┌я▄. п≤п╪п╣я▐ п©п╬п╩п╫я┐я▌ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ я│ Java 2D API, я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─я▐я┌я▄ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ Java 2D я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ Java Advanced Imaging API.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/javacomm/[Java^TM^ Serial Port (COMM)] +
+Java Serial Port п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╬-п╫п╣п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪я┐п╫п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╧, п╨п╟п╨ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟я▐ п©п╬я┤я┌п╟, я└п╟п╨я│ п╦ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╟я─я┌я▀. п╒п╣п╨я┐я┴п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬я─я┌я▀ RS232 п╦ п©п╟я─п╟п╩п╩п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬я─я┌я▀ IEEE 1284.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/3D/index.html[Java 3D^TM^] +
+Java 3DTM 1.1 API я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╬п╪ п╨п╩п╟я│я│п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ я┌я─п╣я┘п╪п╣я─п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╨п╬п╧ п╦ 3D-п╟п©п©п╩п╣я┌. п╜я┌п╬ п╢п╟п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣п╡я▀п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╦я┌п╦п╡я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╪п╟п╫п╦п©я┐п╩я▐я├п╦п╦ я┌я─п╣я┘п╪п╣я─п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╬п╠я┼п╣п╨я┌п╟п╪п╦ п╦ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п╡п╬п╢п╟ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╬п╠я┼п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡. п÷я─п╦п╨п╩п╟п╢п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я│я┌я▀ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╬п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╣ п╡п╦я─я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╪п╦я─я▀ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╨п╬п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╧, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ Java 3D я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬ п╬я┌п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╦ п╪п╦я─я▀.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/javamail/index.html[JavaMail] +
+JavaMail API п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п╟п╠я│я┌я─п╟п╨я┌п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╩п╟я│я│п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩п╦я─я┐я▌я┌ п©п╬я┤я┌п╬п╡я┐я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐. п▓ API п╢п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪я▀п╧ п╬я┌ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ п╦ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬п╡ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ п©п╬я┤я┌п╬п╡я▀п╪п╦ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪п╦ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╫п╟ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╣ Java.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/javahelp/index.html[JavaHelp^TM^] +
+JavaHelp - я█я┌п╬ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ Java: п╬п╫п╟ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╬п╫п╣п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪я┐я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╫п╟ Java, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ Java п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╬п╫п╩п╟п╧п╫п╬п╡я┐я▌ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ я├п╣п╩я▐я┘, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ Java, п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ (я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╦ п╫п╣я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣), п╢п╣я│п╨я┌п╬п©я▀ п╦ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ HTML.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/beans/glasgow/jaf.html[JavaBeans^TM^ Activation Framework (JAF)] +
+п║ JavaBeans Activation Framework (JAF) я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀я┘ я│п╣я─п╡п╦я│п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╦п©п╟ п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫п╬п╧ я┤п╟я│я┌п╦ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘, п╦п╫п╨п╟п©я│я┐п╩я▐я├п╦п╦ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╨ п╫п╣п╪я┐, п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╟ п╢п╬п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╪я▀я┘ п╫п╟п╢ п╫п╣п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╧ п╦ п©п╬я─п╬п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ я█п╨п╥п╣п╪п©п╩я▐я─п╬п╡ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌ JavaBeans п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╧.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/index.html[Java^TM^ Servlet] +
+Java Servlet п╢п╟п╣я┌ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀п╧, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╧ п╡я│п╣п╪п╦ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ п╫п╣п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪я▀я┘ п╬я┌ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌, п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╣ Java.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/jce/index.html[Java^TM^ Cryptography (JCE)] +
+Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) 1.2 п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╪п╣я┌п╬п╢я▀ п╦ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я┬п╦я└я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, пЁп╣п╫п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╧ п╦ п╦я┘ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╟п╩пЁп╬я─п╦я┌п╪п╬п╡ Message Authentication Code (MAC). п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я┬п╦я└я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╡ я│п╣п╠я▐ я│п╦п╪п╪п╣я┌я─п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣, п╟я│п╦п╪п╪п╣я┌я─п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣, п╠п╩п╬я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╦ п©п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╡я▀п╣ я┬п╦я└я─я▀. п÷я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┴п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬я┌п╬п╨п╦ п╦ "п╬п©п╩п╬п╪п╠п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣" п╬п╠я┼п╣п╨я┌я▀.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/beans/infobus/index.html[InfoBus] +
+InfoBus п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╢п╦п╫п╟п╪п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╬п╠п╪п╣п╫п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╟п╪п╦ JavaBeans, п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▐я▐ п╫п╣п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╬п╡ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦п╪п╦ я█п╩п╣п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟п╪п╦ Beans п╦ я┐п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟я▐ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀п╧ я█я┌п╦п╪п╦ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╟п╪п╦. +
+п÷я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩я▀ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╫я├п╣п©я├п╦п╦ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╪п╟пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╟п╩п╦. п▓я│п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀, я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я█я┌п╦ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│я▀, п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨ п╪п╟пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╟п╩п╦. п п╟п╨ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨ п╪п╟пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╟п╩п╦, п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╬п╠п╪п╣п╫п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п╪п╟я│я│п╦п╡я▀, я┌п╟п╠п╩п╦я├я▀, п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ я│я┌я─п╬п╨ п╠п╟п╥ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘, я│ п╩я▌п╠я▀п╪ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╬п╪.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/jndi/index.html[Java Naming and Directory Interface^TM^ (JNDI)] +
+п■п╟п╣я┌ я┐п╫п╦я└п╦я├п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п©я─п╬п╪я▀я┬п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌ п╦ п©я─п╬п╥я─п╟я┤п╫п╬п╣ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ Java п╨ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟п╪ п╠п╦п╥п╫п╣я│-п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩п╦я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╦я┌я▄ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╬ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀п╪ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╬п╪ п╨п╬ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╪ я│п╩я┐п╤п╠п╟п╪ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╬п╡ п╦ п╦п╪п╣п╫, п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п╡ я█п╨я│п©п╩я┐п╟я┌п╟я├п╦п╦.
+* http://java.sun.com/xml[The XML Project] +
+п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я└п╦я─п╪я▀ Sun п©п╬ п╨п╬п╪п╠п╦п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╧ XML п╦ Java
+
+== п÷п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ я┌я─п╣я┌я▄п╦я┘ я└п╦я─п╪...
+
+* http://www.objectspace.com/products/jglOverview.htm[JGL (Java Generic Library)] +
+п═п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╧, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ я│п╡я▐п╥п╫я▀п╣ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ п╦ п©я─. п╜я┌п╬я┌ API п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ п╨п╟п╨ CollcetionAPI п╡ JDK1.2.
+* http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/xml4j[XML4J] +
+XML Parser п╢п╩я▐ java п╬я┌ IBM
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/development.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/development.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e93f2b66f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/development.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п≤п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+=п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п≤п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟
+
+п²п╦п╤п╣ п╢п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╬ FreeBSD. п╜я┌п╬ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╫п╣ п©я─п╣я┌п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣я┌ п╫п╟ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я┌я┐.
+
+* IDE
+** http://www7b.software.ibm.com/wsdd/zones/vajava/[Visual Age for Java - Professional] +
+mailto:Joachim.Jaeckel@coffeebreak.de[Joachim Jaeckel] я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╩ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╨я┐ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, п╨п╟п╨ п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ Visual Age for Java Professional 3.0 (Linux) п©п╬п╢ -CURRENT: http://www.coffeebreak.de/freebsd/
+** http://jdee.sunsite.dk/[JDE] +
+п═п╣п╤п╦п╪ п╢п╩я▐ (X)Emacs п╢п╩я▐ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ Java
+** http://www.ist.co.uk/visaj/index.html[visaj] +
+п п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╦п╥я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╢п╩я▐ Java.
+** http://www.jedit.org[jEdit] +
+jEdit - я█я┌п╬ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡я▀п╧ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╬я─ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я│я┌п╬п╡, п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟ Java я│ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ Swing п╦ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡я│я┌я─п╟п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦. п░п╡я┌п╬я─ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╢ http://www.gjt.org/~sp/jedit-ide/[jEdit-IDE].
+** http://www.netbeans.org/[NetBeans] +
+п²п╬п╡п╟я▐ IDE, п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╫п╟ java, п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╥п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦, п╨п╟п╨ п╠п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫я▀п╣, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣. п║п╣п╧я┤п╟я│ я┤п╟я│я┌п╦я┤п╫п╬ п©я─п╦п╫п╟п╢п╩п╣п╤п╦я┌ Sun Microsystems.
+** JWS - Sunц║s IDE +
+п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ Syn п©я─п╦п╬п╠я─п╣п╩ NetBeans п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╣п╣ п╨п╟п╨ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ IDE.
+** http://www.freebuilder.org[FreeBuilder] +
+IDE я│ п╦п╢п╣п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╣п╧ Open Source, я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╡я┬п╣п╧, п╫п╬ п©п╬п╥п╤п╣ п╥п╟я┌п╬я─п╪п╬п╥п╦п╡я┬п╣п╧ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦я┌п╦п╣, п╫п╬ п╫п╣ п╡п╣я─я▄я┌п╣ п╡я│п╣п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╡ п╡п╣п╠п╣, п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ я│п╨п╟я┤п╟п╧я┌п╣ я│п╟п╪я▀п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌я▀ п╦п╥ CVS.
+** http://www.elixirtech.com/ElixirIDE/index.html[ElixirIDE] +
+IDE, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▌я┴п╟я▐ п╬я┌п╩п╟п╢я┤п╦п╨. п▓я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╡ JARS top 5%.
+** http://www.eclipse.org/[Eclipse] +
+п·я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬п╣ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦п╣ IDE п╢п╩я▐ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╨я─я┐пЁп╟ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤ п╠п╣п╥ п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧-п╩п╦п╠п╬ я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦.
+** http://www.jetbrains.com/idea[IDEA] +
+IDEA я█я┌п╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╟я▐ Java IDE я│ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ я─п╣я└п╟п╨я┌п╬я─п╦п╫пЁп╟.
+* JDBC
+** http://industry.java.sun.com/products/jdbc/drivers[п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ JDBC п╬я┌ Sun]
+** http://www.voicenet.com/~zellert/tjFM/[]tjFM +
+Type 4 JDBC п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ п╢п╩я▐ MySQL(TM).
+** http://www.mysql.com/products/connector-j/index.html[MySQL Connector/J] +
+Type 4 JDBC п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ п╢п╩я▐ MySQL.
+* UML
+** http://www.togethersoft.com/together/togetherJ.html[TogetherJ] +
+п║я─п╣п╢п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╫п╟ UML, п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╫п╟ Java. п≤п╪п╣я▌я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╥п╫я▀п╣ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я├п╦п╦, п╣я│я┌я▄ п╢п╟п╤п╣ п╠п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫п╟я▐.
+* п≤п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀
+** http://www10.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/jikes/[Jikes] +
+п║п╡п╣я─я┘п╠я▀я│я┌я─я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я┌п╬я─ java п╬я┌ IBM (п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡)
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/documentation.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/documentation.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4551b4d68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/documentation.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐
+
+* http://www.blackdown.org/java-linux/docs/faq/FAQ-java-linux.html[JavaLinux FAQ]
+* http://www.eckelobjects.com/TIJ2/index.html[Thinking in Java 2nd ed.] +
+п▒п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫п╟я▐ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╟ п©п╬ Java, я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╡п╬ п╡я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ я─п╟п╫п╫п╣п╧ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я├п╦п╦. п°п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я│пЁя─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╟ п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╟я┘ W97/HTML п╦п╩п╦ PDF format. +
+http://www.eckelobjects.com/javabook.html[п║я┌п╟я─п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐] я█я┌п╬п╧ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦ я┌п╬п╤п╣ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╟.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/freebsd.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/freebsd.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac38492358
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/freebsd.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п═п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀ Java, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п═п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀ Java, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│ FreeBSD
+
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/comms/java-commapi-freebsd/pkg-descr[The JavaComm API] - п÷п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│ JavaComm API п╫п╟ FreeBSD
+* *shuJIT* - http://www.shudo.net/jit/ - "ust In Time" п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я┌п╬я─ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╦ Linux.
+* *TYA* - ftp://gonzalez.cyberus.ca/pub/Linux/java/ - "Just In Time" п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я┌п╬я─ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD.
+* *Kaffe* - http://www.kaffe.org - я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ Java п╡ я┐я│п╩п╬п╡п╦я▐я┘ "я┤п╦я│я┌п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╫п╟я┌я▀".
+* http://www.blackdown.org[Linux-Ports] +
+п▓п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│я┐ Java п©п╬п╢ Linux
+* {blank}
+** http://www.blackdown.org/java-linux/jdk1.2-status/index.html[п║я┌п╟я┌я┐я│ п©п╬я─я┌п╟...]
+** JDK 1.2
+** JAF
+** JMF
+** JAI
+** Java3D
+** JavaPlugin 1.2
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/resources.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/resources.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f610a0c3dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/resources.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀
+
+* http://www.gamelan.com[Java Directory п╫п╟ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣ Gamelan] +
+п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▐ п╟п©п©п╩п╣я┌, п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪, п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨ java ...
+* http://www.javaworld.com[Java World] +
+_п√я┐я─п╫п╟п╩_, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴я▒п╫п╫я▀п╧ Java
+* http://www.gjt.org[Giant Java Tree (GJT)] +
+Java я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪ п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ CVS.
+* http://jos.sourceforge.net/[JOS] +
+п▒п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫п╟я▐ Java Operating System (п╡я│п╣ п╣я┴п╣ п╡ я│я┌п╟п╢п╦п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦, я┘п╬я┌я▐ п╨п╬п╣-п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╣я┴п╦ я┐п╤п╣ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫я▀)
+* http://www.javalobby.org[Javalobby] +
+п·я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ Java (п╠п╬я─я▄п╠п╟ п╥п╟ Java), п╦п╫п╬пЁп╢п╟ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╣п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ +
+п╠п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫п╬ (п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌п╣я│я▄ я┤п╩п╣п╫п╬п╪ Javalobby)
+* http://www.ibm.com/developer/java/[JCentral] +
+п°п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╟ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╨п╟я│п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ java (п©п╬п╦я│п╨ +
+п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ я┌п╣п╩п╣п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦я▐я┘, п╟я─я┘п╦п╡п╟я┘ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡, ... п÷я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╬ я└п╦я─п╪п╬п╧ IBM
+* http://java.apache.org[Java п╦ Apache Group] +
+п═п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ java п╦ п╡п╣п╠п╟, я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣, п╨п╟п╨ JServ, Cocoon п╦ я┌п╢.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/servlets.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/servlets.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16ba164c50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/servlets.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п║п╣я─п╡п╩п╣я┌я▀"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п║п╣я─п╡п╩п╣я┌я▀
+
+п║п╣я─п╡п╩п╣я┌я▀ - я█я┌п╬ Java(R) API, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╬ CGI-я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╟ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╣ Perl, п╦п╩п╦, п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬, п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟.
+
+п║п╣я─п╡п╩п╣я┌я▀ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ я│ XML п╦ XSL.
+
+* API
+** http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/index.html[Sun's Servlet API]
+** http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/jsp_servlet.html[Sun's Java Server Pages White Paper] +
+Java Server Pages - я█я┌п╬ п╪п╣я┌п╬п╢ п╬п╠п╩п╣пЁя┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п╡п╣п╠. п÷п╬я┘п╬п╤ п╫п╟ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я▌ Active Server Pages п╬я┌ Microsoft.
+* п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ я│п╣я─п╡п╩п╣я┌п╟я┘
+** http://www.purpletech.com/servlet-faq[Purple Servlet FAQ] +
+п≤я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я│п╣я─п╡п╩п╣я┌п╟я┘.
+* п╒п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ я│п╣я─п╡п╩п╣я┌
+** http://www.sun.com/software/jwebserver/[Java Web Server] +
+п╜я┌п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥я├п╬п╡п╟я▐ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪п╟ я│п╣я─п╡п╩п╣я┌ п╫п╟ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╣ Java. Sun п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟п╩ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢ п╡ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ Apache п╦ я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╬п╫ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╨п╟п╨ Tomcat.
+** http://jakarta.apache.org[Tomcat (Jakarta Project)] +
+п·п╠я─п╟п╥я├п╬п╡п╟я▐ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ Java Servlets п╦ Java Server Pages. п п╬п╢ п╣я┴п╣ п╫п╣ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╣п╫, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╫п╣ я│я┤п╦я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╣п╤п╣п╫п╬я┴п╫я▀п╧ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨.
+** http://java.apache.org/jserv[Apache JServ] +
+п═п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╧ Servlet 2.0 API п╫п╟ 100% Pure Java. п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ я│ Apache.
+** http://www.newatlanta.com[ServletExec] +
+п▓я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╟я▐ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪п╟ я│п╣я─п╡п╩п╣я┌. п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╠п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫п╟я▐ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐/п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╟я▐я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ п╦ п╬я┌п╩п╟п╢я┤п╦п╨ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╣я─п╡п╩п╣я┌. п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ я│ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡.
+** http://www.jrun.com/products/Jrun[JRun] +
+п▓я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╟я▐ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪п╟ я│п╣я─п╡п╩п╣я┌. п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╠п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫п╟я▐ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐/п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╟я▐я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐. п÷я─п╦п╥п╣я─ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╟ JavaWorld п╡ п╫п╬п╪п╦п╫п╟я├п╦я▐я┘ Best Servlet Tool for 1998 п╦ WebTechnique's Best Java Tool for 1998. п²п╣п╢п╟п╡п╫п╬ п╠я▀п╩ п©п╬пЁп╩п╬я┴п╣п╫ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╣п╧ Allaire. п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ я│ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/tools.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/tools.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae0cc91898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/tools.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п≤п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я─п╦п╧"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п≤п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я─п╦п╧
+
+* п÷я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣
+** http://www.jpython.org[JPython] +
+п⌡я┐я┤я┬п╣п╣ п╡ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ Java Scripting (п╬п╠я┼п╣п╢п╦п╫я▐п╣я┌ Python п╦ Java) - я█я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄!
+* п■я─я┐пЁп╬п╣
+** http://www10.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/jikes/[Jikes] +
+п║п╡п╣я─я┘п╠я▀я│я┌я─я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я┌п╬я─ java п╬я┌ IBM (п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡)
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/tutorials.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/tutorials.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..888fb4c99d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/tutorials.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: пёя┤п╣п╠п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╦я▐"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): пёя┤п╣п╠п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╦я▐
+
+* http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/index.html[пёя┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨ п©п╬ Java] +
+п²п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦п╧ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨ п©п╬ Java п╫п╣п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╬я┌ я└п╦я─п╪я▀ Sun.
+* http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/onlineTraining/[п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩п╬п╡ я│ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ Java Developer Connection] +
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╣п╫ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩, п╡я▀ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣я┌п╣ п╣пЁп╬ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄. п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╡п╡п╬п╢п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩ п©п╬ Java, JavaBeans, Collections, JDBC, Security п╦ я┌п╢. п▓п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐, п╫п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╠п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫п╬ п╦ я│я┌п╬п╦я┌ я┌п╬пЁп╬!
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/vendor.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/vendor.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee64dd01e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/vendor.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п÷п╬я│я┌п╟п╡я┴п╦п╨п╦"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п÷п╬я│я┌п╟п╡я┴п╦п╨п╦
+
+п²п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╬я┌я│п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п©п╬ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡я┴п╦п╨п╟п╪.
+
+* Sun Microsystems
+** http://www.javasoft.com[п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ JavaSoft] +
+п╜я┌п╬ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ Java. п÷я─я▐п╪п╬ п╬я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟.
+** http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/[Java Developer Connection] +
+п≈п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─я┐п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╦ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟п╧я┌п╣ я│п╟п╪я▀п╣ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╦ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┤п╣пЁп╬ п╣я┴я▒.
+* IBM
+** http://www.ibm.com/java[developerWorks - Java Technology Zone] +
+п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ java
+** http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com[Alphaworks] +
+п╒п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п©я─п╣п╢п╡п╟я─п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦
+** http://www10.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/jikes/[Jikes] +
+п·я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╠я▀я│я┌я─я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я┌п╬я─ java, п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/newflash.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/newflash.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4f95b3d0d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/newflash.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦
+
+== п╞п╫п╡п╟я─я▄ 2005
+
+* *19 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 2005:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[п⌠я─п╣пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│] п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ (patchset 1) п╡ я│п╣я─п╦п╦ JDK(R) 1.5. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ link:dists/15[я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ JDK 1.5.x] п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦.
+
+== п■п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▄ 2004
+
+* *13 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 2004:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[п⌠я─п╣пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│] п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ я│п╣п╢я▄п╪п╬п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ (patchset 7) п╡ я│п╣я─п╦п╦ JDK(R) 1.4. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ JDK 1.4.x п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦.
+
+== п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 2004
+
+* *25 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 2004:* +
+п▓ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣п╪п╬п╪ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╣ Java-п╠я─п╟я┐п╥п╣я─п╟ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣п╫п╟ http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2004-1029[я┐я▐п╥п╡п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄]. п÷п╬я─я┌ jdk14 п╠я▀п╩ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫ п╡ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ 1.4.2p6_7. п÷п╬я─я┌ jdk13 п╬я│я┌п╟я▒я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╢п╡п╣я─п╤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ я┐я▐п╥п╡п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╡я▀я▐я│п╫п╦я┌я▄ я┌п╬я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─п╟ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╣я│я┌я▄ я┐я▐п╥п╡п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄, http://www.vuxml.org/freebsd/ac619d06-3ef8-11d9-8741-c942c075aa41.html[п╥п╢п╣я│я▄].
+
+== п■п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▄ 2003
+
+* *30 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 2003:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[п⌠я─п╣пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│] (Greg Lewis) п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ я┬п╣я│я┌п╬п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ (patchset 6) п╡ я│п╣я─п╦п╦ JDK(R) 1.4. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ JDK 1.4.x п╥п╟ п╢п╟п╩я▄п╫п╣п╧я┬п╣п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧.
+* *19 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 2003:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[п⌠я─п╣пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│] (Greg Lewis) п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ (patchset 9) п╢п╩я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ &jdk;б═1.3.1 п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п╬ JDK 1.3.x.
+
+== п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 2003
+
+* *11 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 2003:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[п⌠я─п╣пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│] (Greg Lewis) п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ п©я▐я┌я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ (patchset 5) п╡ я│п╣я─п╦п╦ JDK(R) 1.4. п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п╬ JDK 1.4.x.
+
+== п·п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 2003
+
+* *10 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2003:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[п⌠я─п╣пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│] (Greg Lewis) п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ я┤п╣я┌п╡я▒я─я┌я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ (patchset 4) п╡ я│п╣я─п╦п╦ &jdk;б═1.4. п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п╬ JDK 1.4.x.
+
+== п░п╡пЁя┐я│я┌ 2003
+
+* *26 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2003:* +
+FreeBSD Foundation http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/press/20030825-java131.shtml[п╟п╫п╬п╫я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟] п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ JDK(R) 1.3.1 п╡п╬ FreeBSD.
+
+== п°п╟я─я┌ 2003
+
+* *7 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 2003:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[п⌠я─п╣пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│] (Greg Lewis) п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ я┌я─п╣я┌п╦п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ (patchset 3) п╡ я│п╣я─п╦п╦ JDK(R) 1.4. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ JDK 1.4.x п╥п╟ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧.
+
+== п╓п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▄ 2003
+
+* *12 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 2003:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[п⌠я─п╣пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│] (Greg Lewis) п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ (patchlevel 8) п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ JDK(R) 1.3.1. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ JDK 1.3.x п╥п╟ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧.
+* *4 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 2003:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[п⌠я─п╣пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│] (Greg Lewis) п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ п╡я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ (patchset 2) п╡ я│п╣я─п╦п╦ JDK(R) 1.4. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ JDK 1.4.x п╥п╟ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧.
+
+== п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 2002
+
+* *15 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 2002:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[п⌠я─я█пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│] (Greg Lewis) п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ (patchlevel 1) п╢п╩я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ JDK(R) 1.4.0. п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ JDK 1.2.x.
+
+== п║п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 2002
+
+* *18 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2002:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[п⌠я─я█пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│] (Greg Lewis) п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ (patchlevel 11) п╢п╩я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ &jdk;б═1.2.2. п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ JDK 1.2.x.
+* *17 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2002:* +
+п║я─п╟п╥я┐ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╣п╧ Sun п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ J2SE 1.4.1 FCS, п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ Linux я│я┌п╟п╩п╟ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬п╧ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD. п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.1/[я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п╬ J2SE 1.4.1].
+
+== п≤я▌п╩я▄ 2002
+
+* *26 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2002:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[п⌠я─я█пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│] (Greg Lewis) п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ (patchlevel 7) п╢п╩я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ &jdk;б═1.3.1. п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ JDK 1.3.x.
+
+== п╓п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▄ 2002
+
+* *13 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 2002:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[п⌠я─я█пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│] (Greg Lewis) п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ (patchlevel 6) п╢п╩я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ &jdk;б═1.3.1. п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ JDK 1.3.x.
+
+== п■п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▄ 2001
+
+* *22 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 2001:* +
++
+п▓ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╣ announce@FreeBSD.org п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╬п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╬п╡п╟п╫п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣:
++
+FreeBSD Foundation п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦п╩п╟ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▌ п╬я┌ Sun Microsystems п╫п╟ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╨п╟п╨ п╢п╩я▐ Java Development Kit (JDK(R)), я┌п╟п╨ п╦ Java Runtime Environment (JRE). п▒п╩п╟пЁп╬п╢п╟я─я▐ п╬пЁя─п╬п╪п╫я▀п╪ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦я▐п╪ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ FreeBSD Java, п╬п╫п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡я▀ п╨ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╡ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡я▐я┴п╦п╧я│я▐ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD 4.5 п╡ я▐п╫п╡п╟я─п╣ 2002.
++
+п·п╠я┴п╣п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╬я┌я┤я┐п╤п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ Java п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫п╬ п╨п╬п╫п╣я┤п╫я▀п╪ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪, п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ FreeBSD. п÷п╬п©я┐п╩я▐я─п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ Java п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╟п╣я┌ я─п╟я│я┌п╦ п╦ я█я┌п╬я┌ я▐п╥я▀п╨ я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я│я▐ я┤п╟я│я┌п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╢п╩я▐ Web, я┤я┌п╬ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╥ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫ FreeBSD. п≤п╪п╣я▐ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╠п╦п╫п╟я─п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡ Java, FreeBSD я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я│я▐ п╦п╢п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╦ п╡п╫п╣п╢я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟ Java.
++
+п╜я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╣ п╪п╬пЁп╩п╬ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╠п╣п╥ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦п╧ mailto:nate@FreeBSD.org[п²я█п╧я┌п╟ п▓п╦п╩я▄я▐п╪я│п╟] (Nate Williams). п²я█п╧я┌ п╫п╣ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╦п╫п╦я├п╦п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╟ Java п╫п╟ FreeBSD, п╫п╬ п╦ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ Sun Microsystems п╦ Foundation.
++
+п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╧ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌ п╟п╫п╬п╫я│п╟ http://daily.daemonnews.org/view_story.php3?story_id=2602[п╥п╢п╣я│я▄].
+
+== п·п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 2001
+
+* *16 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2001:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[п⌠я─я█пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│] (Greg Lewis) п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ (patchlevel 5) п╢п╩я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ &jdk;б═1.3.1. п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ JDK 1.3.x.
+
+=== п║п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 2001
+
+* *10 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2001:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[п⌠я─я█пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│] (Greg Lewis) п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ (patchlevel 4) п╢п╩я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ JDK(R) 1.3.1. п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ JDK 1.3.x.
+* *6 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2001:* +
+mailto:sobomax@FreeBSD.org[п°п╟п╨я│п╦п╪ п║п╬п╠п╬п╩п╣п╡] (Maxim Sobolev) я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╩ п©п╬я─я┌ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ http://www.sun.com/forte/ffj/index.html[Forte[tm] for Java[tm]] п╬я┌ Sun, release 3.0 Community Edition, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я┐я▌ я│я─п╣п╢я┐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ (IDE). п╜я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫ п╦п╥ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ ports/java/forte.
++
+п÷п╬я─я┌ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ п╩п╦п╠п╬ я│ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ JDK(R) 1.3.1, п╩п╦п╠п╬ я│ Linux JDK(R) 1.3.1.
+
+== п░п╡пЁя┐я│я┌ 2001
+
+* *27 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2001:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[п⌠я─п╣пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│] (Greg Lewis) п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ п╢п╬п╩пЁп╬п╤п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п©п╬я─я┌ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ JDK(R) 1.3.1. п╒п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╬п╫ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╦п╥ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ ports/java/jdk13. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╨п╣ JDK 1.3.x п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦.
++
+п║п╩п╣п╢я┐п╣я┌ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┌п╦я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣п╧ я┤п╟я│я┌п╦ я█я┌п╬я┌ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡, п╡ п©я─п╬п╪я▀я┬п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ я█п╨я│п©п╩я┐п╟я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п╣пЁп╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╣ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣я┌я│я▐.
+
+== п·п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 2000
+
+* *14 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000:* +
+mailto:sobomax@FreeBSD.org[п°п╟п╨я│п╦п╪ п║п╬п╠п╬п╩п╣п╡] (Maxim Sobolev) я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╩ п©п╬я─я┌ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ JDK(R) 1.2.2. п╒п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╬п╫ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫ п╦п╥ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╟ ports/java/jdk12-beta п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п╬ JDK 1.2.x п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦.
++
+п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╡я│п╣ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╬ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╦п╢я▒я┌ я─п╣я┤я▄ п╫п╦п╤п╣, п╬я│я┌п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ я│п╦п╩п╣.
++
+п╒п╟п╨п╦п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪, я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╬я┤п╣я─п╣п╢я▄ я┌п╣я┘, я┐ п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╣я│я┌я▄ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡я▀п╧ п©п╬я─я┌ Java2.
+
+=== п║п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 2000
+
+* *15 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000:* п║ п╢п╬я│п╨п╦ п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╧ Java: +
+mailto:sean@stat.duke.edu[Sean O'Connell] п╦ mailto:gallatin@cs.duke.edu[Andrew Gallatin] я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩п╦ п©п╟я┌я┤п╦, п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟я┌я▄ JDK(R) 1.3 я└п╦я─п╪я▀ IBM п╡п╬ FreeBSD. +
+mailto:ernst@jollem.com[Ernst de Haan] я┐п╢п╟п╩п╬я│я▄ п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ Linux JDK(R) 1.3.0b9 я└п╦я─п╪я▀ Sun п╡ 4.0-STABLE.
++
+п÷п╬п╩п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄.
+
+== п░п╡пЁя┐я│я┌ 2000
+
+* *10 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2000:* 7 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2000 пЁп╬п╢п╟ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╣ FreeBSD JDK(R) п╠я▀п╩ п╢п╟п╫ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╨ JCK (Java Compatibility Kit) я└п╦я─п╪я▀ Sun, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩п╦я┌ п╫п╟п╪ п©я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦ (п╫п╟п╢п╣п╣п╪я│я▐!) п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╠п╦п╫п╟я─п╫я┐я▌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ я│ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╣пЁп╬ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╟ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧. п  я│п╬п╤п╟п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌, п╪я▀ п╫п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣п╪ (п©п╬ я│п╬п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪ я▌я─п╦п╢п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п©п╩п╟п╫п╟) я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я▄ JDK(R), п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ я│ JCK, п╨п╟п╨ п╪я▀ п╪п╬пЁп╩п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я│ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟п╪п╦ JDK(R) 1.1.*.
++
+п  п╫п╣я│я┤п╟я│я┌я▄я▌, п╨п╟п╨ я┐я┌п╡п╣я─п╤п╢п╟п╣я┌ я└п╦я─п╪п╟ Sun (п╪я▀ я█я┌п╬ *п©п╬п╨п╟* п╫п╣ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─я▐п╩п╦), я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╫п╟п╢ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╪ JCK - п╢п╬п╩пЁп╦п╧ п╦ я┌я─я┐п╢п╫я▀п╧ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│. п²п╟п╢п╣п╣п╪я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╥п╟п╧п╪я▒я┌ я┐ п╫п╟я│ 3 п╪п╣я│я▐я├п╣п╡, п╨п╟п╨ п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌ Sun. :(
++
+п²п╟п╨п╬п╫п╣я├, п╬я│я┌п╟я▒я┌я│я▐ п╣я┴я▒ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪ п╨п╟я│п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ Motifб╝, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╣п╫я▀ п╢п╬ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬пЁп╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟. Sun я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╢ я█я┌п╦п╪, п╦ п╫п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬п©я▀я┌п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ я│ OpenGroup п╫п╟п╢ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╬я│п╬п╠п╬пЁп╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╠п╦п╫п╟я─п╫я▀я┘ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╬п╡ Motif п╡ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣ JDK(R).
+
+== п°п╟п╧ 2000
+
+* *3 п╪п╟я▐ 2000:* п÷п╬я─я┌ JDK(R) 1.2.2 п╢п╩я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ FreeBSD п╡п╬я┬я▒п╩ п╡ я│я┌п╟п╢п╦я▌ п╟п╩я▄я└п╟-я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ +
+п⌠я─п╣пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│ (Greg Lewis) я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╦п╩ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬я─я┌ JDK(R) 1.2.2 п╢п╩я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ FreeBSD п©п╣я─п╣я┬я▒п╩ п╡ я│я┌п╟п╢п╦я▌ п╟п╩я▄я└п╟-я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐. +
+п▓ я┌п╬п╪ п╡п╦п╢п╣, п╡ п╨п╟п╨п╬п╪ п╬п╫ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╣п╧я┤п╟я│, п©п╬я─я┌ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╣ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD (3.4, 4.0 п╦ 5.0 п╢п╩я▐ x86) п╦ п╥п╟п╡п╣я─я┬п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╫п╟п╢ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪п╦ (2.2.8 п╢п╩я▐ x86 п╦ 4.0 alpha). п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦ п╟п©п©п╩п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌. +
+п║п╣п╧я┤п╟я│ п╪я▀ п╦я┴п╣п╪ я█п╫я┌я┐п╥п╦п╟я│я┌п╬п╡, пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡я▀я┘ п©п╬я┌я─п╟я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦ п╫п╟ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟. п╔п╬я┌я▐ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╣я┌я─п╦п╡п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╟, п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌я│я▐ я┤я▒я┌п╨п╦п╣ п©п╬я┬п╟пЁп╬п╡я▀п╣ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©п╬я─я┌п╟. +
+п÷п╟я┌я┤п╦, п╨п╟п╨ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬, п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ +
+http://www.eyesbeyond.com/freebsddom/java/jdk.html +
+п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐, п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ п╦ п©п╬я┬п╟пЁп╬п╡я▀п╣ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╦ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣п╫я▀ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐: +
+http://www.kjkoster.org/java/index.html
+* *1 п╪п╟я▐ 2000:* п≈п╟п©я─п╬я│ п╫п╟ п╢п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨я┐ - п╒п╣п©п╣я─я▄ RFE п╫п╬п╪п╣я─ 1 +
+п°я▀ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟п╩п╦я│я▄ п╡ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▌ Sun я│ п©я─п╬я│я▄п╠п╬п╧ п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ JDK2 п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD. п▓ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╡ я│я┤я▒я┌я┤п╦п╨п╣ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡ п╪я▀ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣п╪ *п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╣* п╪п╣я│я┌п╬. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌п╣я│я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪ Java Developer's Connection (я█я┌п╬ п╠п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫п╬), п╡я▀ я┌п╬п╤п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╬пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/bugParade/bugs/4288745.html
+
+== п°п╟я─я┌ 2000
+
+* *22 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 2000:* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫я▀ п©я─п╣-п╟п╩я▄я└п╟ п©п╟я┌я┤п╦ JDK(R) 1.2.2. +
+п⌠я─п╣пЁ п⌡я▄я▌п╦я│ (Greg Lewis) п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ п©я─п╣-п╟п╩я▄я└п╟ п©п╟я┌я┤п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬я─п©п╬я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ Java п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╥ п╫п╦я┘ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ я─п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ FreeBSD JDK(R) 1.2.2. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ п╫п╣ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╩п╟п╠п╬п╫п╣я─п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╦ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧я│я▐ JDK(R) п╫п╣ п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪. п²п╣я│п╪п╬я┌я─я▐ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬, п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ AWT п╦ Swing я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌. п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п╣я┴я▒ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀, п╦ п╫п╟п╪ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨п╟п╨ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╣я─п╬п╡. п÷п╟я┌я┤п╦ п╦ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я│пЁя─я┐п╤п╣п╫я▀ я│ http://www.eyesbeyond.com/freebsd-jdk122-patches-latest.tar.gz. п╒п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╧ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀я┘ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╬п╡ п╦ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌я▀ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://www.kjkoster.org/java/index.html[http://www.kjkoster.org/java/index.html.]
+
+== п╞п╫п╡п╟я─я▄ 2000
+
+* *30 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 2000:* Blackdown 1.2.2RC4 JDK(R) +
+п п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ Linux Blackdown Port Team п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩п╟ RC4 п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ JDK(R) 1.2. п·п╫ п╠я▀п╩ п©я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╡п╬ FreeBSD 3.4-STABLE п╦ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╥п╢п╫п╦я┘ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘ п╦ я│ п╫п╦п╪ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ п╡я│п╣ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╟п©п©п╩п╣я┌я▀ п╦ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ jfc. п²п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨ п╬я┌п╪п╣я┌п╦п╩п╬ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я│ Apache JServ. п÷п╬п╨п╟ п╬п╫ п╫п╣ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫ п╡ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD, п╫п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣п╫ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://www.jmcm.org/tech/ports/linux_jdk.html. (п÷я─п╦я│п╩п╟п╩ п╔п╬я│п╣ п°п╟я─п╨я┐я│ /Jose Marques/)
+
+== п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 1999
+
+* *28 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 1999:* п≈п╟п©я─п╬я│ п╫п╟ п╢п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨я┐ +
+п°я▀ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╦ п╡ Sun п©п╣я┌п╦я├п╦я▌ п╫п╟ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ JDK2 п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD. п▓ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╣п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╪я▀ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪я│я▐ п╫п╟ *п╡я┌п╬я─п╬п╪* п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ п©п╬ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡я┐ я│п╬п╠я─п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌п╣я│я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪ Java Developer's Connection (я█я┌п╬ п╠п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫п╬), п╡я▀ я┌п╬п╤п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╬пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╥п╟ п╫п╟я│ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/bugParade/bugs/4288745.html
+* *9 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 1999:* п∙я┴я▒ п╬п╢п╦п╫ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ &jdk;б═1.1.8, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╧ я┌п╦п© п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨ п╡ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╫п╬п╧ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╣.
+** ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/local-distfiles/nate/JDK1.1/jdk1.1.8_AOUT.V99-11-9.tar.gz[jdk1.1.8_AOUT.V99-11-9.tar.gz]. п■п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ 2.2.*, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ A.OUT.
+** ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/local-distfiles/nate/JDK1.1/jdk1.1.8_ELF.V99-11-9.tar.gz[jdk1.1.8_ELF.V99-11-9.tar.gz]. п■п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ 3.* п╦ 4.*, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ ELF. п≈п╟п╪п╣я┌я▄я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ -CURRENT, JDK(R) п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╣п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬.
+
+== п·п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 1999
+
+* *11 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1999:* п²п╟я┤п╟я┌п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╫п╟п╢ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ Java2/JDK(R) 1.2. п▓ п╠п╩п╦п╤п╟п╧я┬п╦п╣ п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡я▀п╧я┌п╦ я─п╟п╫п╫п╦п╧ 'п╟п╩я▄я└п╟' я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD 3.3-stable/ELF.
+
+== п║п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 1999
+
+* *22 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1999:* п∙я┴я▒ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨ &jdk;б═1.1.8, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╣п╩п╨п╦п╣ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦, п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ я─п╟п╫п╣п╣, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©п╬п╡я▀я┬п╣п╫п╟ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄. п■п╩я▐ п╡я▀я▐я│п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я└п╟п╧п╩я┐ README.FreeBSD, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╡ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘.
+** jdk1.1.8_AOUT.V99-9-22.tar.gz. п■п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ 2.2.*, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ A.OUT.
+** jdk1.1.8_ELF.V99-9-22.tar.gz. п■п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ 3.* п╦ 4.*, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ ELF.
+
+== п≤я▌п╩я▄ 1999
+
+* *19 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 1999:* п÷п╬п╡я┌п╬я─п╫я▀п╧ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ JDK(R) 1.1.8, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╬ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╪п╟п╩п╣п╫я▄п╨п╦я┘ (п╫п╬ п╫п╣п©я─п╦я▐я┌п╫я▀я┘) п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨. п▓п╬-п©п╣я─п╡я▀я┘, netpatch (я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦ п╫п╦п╤п╣) п╠я▀п╩ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫ п╡ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌я▀, п╦ п╡п╬-п╡я┌п╬я─я▀я┘, п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣п╫п╟ п╦ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╫п╣п©я─п╦я▐я┌п╫п╟я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟ Floating Point. п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫я▐я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟ п╡п╩п╦я▐п╩п╟ п╫п╟ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©п╬я┌п╬я┤п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╩ п╡я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│ п©п╩п╟п╡п╟я▌я┴п╣п╧ я┌п╬я┤п╨п╬п╧ п╦ п╡ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я┌ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╟ п╪п╬пЁ п╡я▀п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╟п╠я│п╬п╩я▌я┌п╫п╬ п╫п╣п╡п╣я─п╫я▀п╣ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌я▀.
+** jdk1.1.8_AOUT.V99-7-19.tar.gz. п■п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ 2.2.*, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ A.OUT.
+** jdk1.1.8_ELF.V99-7-19.tar.gz. п■п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ 3.* п╦ 4.*, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ ELF.
+* *2 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 1999:* п·я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ FreeBSD 'CommAPI', я├п╣п╩я▄я▌ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬пЁп╬ http://java.sun.com/products/javacomm/index.html[JAVA's CommAPI] п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ FreeBSD. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ mailto:jdricot@ulb.ac.be?subject=JAVA%20CommAPI:%20[DRICOT Jean-Michel] п╦ я─п╟я│п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://student.ulb.ac.be/~jdricot/commapi/. п·п╠я─п╟я┴п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ я┌я┐п╢п╟, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣.
+
+== п≤я▌п╫я▄ 1999
+
+* *8 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1999:* п▓ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣ JDK(R) 1.1.8 п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣п╫п╟ п╫п╣п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╟я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╡п╩п╦я▐п╩п╟ п╫п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ я│п╬п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ UDP. п÷я─п╦ п©п╬п©я▀я┌п╨п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╟я┌я▄ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ п╫п╟ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬п╡п╣я┴п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╟п╢я─п╣я│, FreeBSD JDK(R) п╣пЁп╬ п╬я┌п╡п╣я─пЁп╟п╩, п╡я▀п╢п╟п╡п╟я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨я┐ п©я─п╟п╡ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟. п╜я┌п╟ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟ п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟, п╦ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╬ п©п╬п╡я┌п╬я─п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟ п╠я▀п╩ п╡я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫ п╫п╣п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘, п╨я┌п╬ п╡я│я┌я─п╣я┌п╦п╩я│я▐ я│ я█я┌п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╬п╧. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я│я┌п╬п╩п╨п╫я┐п╩п╦я│я▄ я│ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╬п╧, я│п╨п╟я┤п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╟я─я┘п╦п╡ п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╣ tar.gz п╦ я─п╟я│п©п╟п╨я┐п╧я┌п╣ п╣пЁп╬ я┌п╟п╪, пЁп╢п╣ п╠я▀п╩ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫ jdk. п·п╫ я│п╟п╪ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╡п╣я─я┘ я│я┌п╟я─п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦ п╫п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╟п╣я┌, п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я▐я┌я▄ п©п╟я┌я┤ п╡п╬п╡я│п╣ п╫п╣ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬, я┘п╬я┌я▐ п╫п╦ п╨ я┤п╣п╪я┐ я│я┌я─п╟я┬п╫п╬п╪я┐ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢п╣я┌.
+** AOUT.netpatch.tar.gz. п■п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ 2.2.*, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ A.OUT.
+** ELF.netpatch.tar.gz. п■п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ 3.* п╦ 4.*, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ ELF.
+* *3 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1999:* п═п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀ JDK(R) 1.1.8 п╢п╩я▐ A.OUT п╦ ELF. п▓ я█я┌п╬п╪ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я│я┌п╟я─я▀я┘ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ 3.*/ELF (я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╣ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я┤п╦п╨п╟), п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦ п╡ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╣ LOCALE п╦ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╥п╬п╫я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD.
+** jdk1.1.8_AOUT.V99-6-3.tar.gz. п■п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ 2.2.*, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ A.OUT.
+** jdk1.1.8_ELF.V99-6-3.tar.gz. п■п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ 3.* п╦ 4.*, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ ELF.
+* *1 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1999:* п║я┌п╟я┌я┐я│ JDK2
+** п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╫п╟п╢ JDK(R) 1.2/JDK2 п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╪п╣п╢п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ я│я└п╬п╨я┐я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟ я│п╡п╬п╦ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦я▐ п╫п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘ JDK1. п■п╩я▐ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╟ п╦п╥ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╬п╡, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ JDK2, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ JDK1 п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀ http://java.sun.com/products/jfc/index.html#download-swing[Swing], п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪я▀п╣ Sun п╢п╩я▐ JDK1, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©я─п╣п╨я─п╟я│п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ п©п╬п╢ FreeBSD.
+
+== п░п©я─п╣п╩я▄ 1999
+
+* *16 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 1999:* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ A.OUT я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ JDK(R) 1.1.7. п▓ п╫п╣п╪ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ п©я─п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я├п╦п╦ п╪п╟я─я┌п╬п╡я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟. п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ ELF я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫ п╡ п╠п╩п╦п╤п╟п╧я┬п╣п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╦ п╡ п╫п╣п╪ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╟ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я│я┌п╟я─я▀я┘ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ 3.0.
+** jdk1.1.7_AOUT.V99-4-16.tar.gz. п■п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ 2.2.*, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ A.OUT.
+
+== п°п╟я─я┌ 1999
+
+* *26 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 1999:* п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ ELF п╢п╩я▐ JDK(R) 1.1.7, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╣ A.OUT, п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╣п╩п╨п╦я┘ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨.
+** jdk1.1.7_AOUT.V99-3-24.tar.gz. п■п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ 2.2.*, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ A.OUT.
+** jdk1.1.7_ELF.V99-3-25.tar.gz. п■п╩я▐ FreeBSD п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ 3.x п╦ 4, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ ELF. *п≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣*: п╜я┌п╬ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я┤п╦п╨п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ dladdr(), п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п©п╬я▐п╡п╦п╩п╟я│я▄ 1999/3/24. п▓п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ я│ 3.1-stable п╦п╩п╦ 4.0-current п©п╬п╥п╤п╣ 1999/3/24. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╫п╣я┌ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я┤п╦п╨п╟ п╦п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╣ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌п╣ -stable п╦п╩п╦ -current, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я│п╨п╟я┤п╟я┌я▄ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я┤п╦п╨ link:ld-elf.so.1[п╬я┌я│я▌п╢п╟] п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╣пЁп╬ п╨п╟п╨ /usr/libexec/ld-elf.so.1 (я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я█я┌п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄, п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ я│ п©я─п╦п╡п╦п╩п╣пЁп╦я▐п╪п╦ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ root):
++
+....
+# install -c -s -o bin -g bin -m 555 -C -fschg ld-elf.so.1 /usr/libexec
+....
+* *16 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 1999:* п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟я┘:
+** ELF JDK(R) 1.1.7 : п÷п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ JDK(R) 1.1.7 п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╣ ELF (п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я│ FreeBSD 3.x п╦ п╡я▀я┬п╣) п©п╣я─п╣я┬п╩п╬ п╡ я└п╟п╥я┐ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫п╣пЁп╬ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐. п▒п╣я┌п╟-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п©п╬я▐п╡п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╦я┘ п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩я▄.
+** JDK2 (п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╧ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╨п╟п╨ JDK(R) 1.2): п²п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ п╫п╟п╢ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╬п╪ JDK2 п╫п╟ FreeBSD, п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╪п╣п╢п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬. п╜я┌п╬ п©я─п╬п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪ п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡п╦я▐ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟п╢ я█я┌п╦п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╪. (п▓я▀я┘п╬п╢ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ Blackdown JDK2 п©п╬п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╣, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╬п╫п╦ п╬п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨я┐я▌я┌ diff-я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡.)
+
+== п■п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▄ 1998
+
+* *21 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 1998:* jdk1.1.7.V98-12-21.tar.gz.
+** п≤я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ JDK(R) 1.1.7. п▒п╩п╟пЁп╬п╢п╟я─п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п п╣п╧я┌я┐ пёп╟п╧я┌я┐, п╨я┌п╬ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╫п╣п©я─п╦я▐я┌п╫я▀я┘ (п╦ я│п╣я─я▄п╣п╥п╫я▀я┘) п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨ п╡ JDK(R), п╡ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╧ я│ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▐п╪п╦. п▓ я█я┌п╬п╪ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я┐п╡п╣п╩п╦я┤п╣п╫п╬ п╬пЁя─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╢п╣я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬я─п╬п╡ я│ 256 п╢п╬ 2048. JRE я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫, п╥п╟ я┤я┌п╬ я│п╫п╬п╡п╟ я│п©п╟я│п╦п╠п╬ п п╣п╧я┌я┐.
+
+== п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 1998
+
+* *14 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 1998:* jdk1.1.7.V98-11-5.tar.gz.
+** п÷п╬я─я┌ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫ п╢п╬ JDK(R) 1.1.7. п▒п╩п╟пЁп╬п╢п╟я─п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п÷я█я┌я─п╦п╨я┐ п⌠п╟я─п╢п╣п╩п╩п╣ (Patrick Gardella) patrick@FreeBSD.org, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╩ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я┐я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ п©п╬ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟.
+
+== п║п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 1998
+
+* *23 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1998:* jdk1.1.6.V98-9-23.tar.gz.
+** п▓ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨ п╬я┌ 14 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ п╫п╣п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬ я│п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ jre, п╨п╟п╨ п╢п╩я▐ JDK(R), я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╢п╩я▐ JRE, я┌п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ п╠я▀п╩ п©п╣я─п╣я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫ п╦ п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬ я│п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫. п я─п╬п╪п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╫п╦п╨п╟п╨п╦я┘ п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╦п╧ п╬я┌ я│я┌п╟я─я▀я┘ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡.
+
+== п░п╡пЁя┐я│я┌ 1998
+
+* *22 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 1998:*
+** п²п╟ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ я│п╟п╧я┌п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я│п╦п╩п╦я│я▄ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ JDK(R) п╦ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п©п╬ ftp. п║п©п╟я│п╦п╠п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪!
+* *14 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 1998:* jdk1.1.6.V98-8-14.tar.gz.
+** п·п©я├п╦я▐ SO_REUSEADDR я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ ServerSockets (п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡п╩п╦я▐я┌я▄ п╦ п╫п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я│п╬п╨п╣я┌я▀).
+
+== п≤я▌п╩я▄ 1998
+
+* *21 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 1998:* jdk1.1.6.V98-7-21.tar.gz.
+** п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫ п©п╬я─я┌ п╢п╬ JDK(R)1.1.6. п▒п╩п╟пЁп╬п╢п╟я─п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п п╣п╧я┌я┐ пёп╟п╧я┌я┐ (Keith White) kwhite@site.uottawa.ca, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╬п╠я┼п╣п╪ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀, п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢я┬п╦п╧ п╨ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨я┐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟!
+** п▒п╬п╩п╣п╣ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫п╬п╣ 'п╦п╪п╣п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣' п╢п╩я▐ java.version п╦ я┌п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫п╬п╣.
+** п≤я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ я│п╬п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ UDP/Multicast.
+** п·я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟ п©я─п╣я─я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я│п╦пЁп╫п╟п╩п╟, п©п╬я┘п╬п╤п╣, п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ (я│я┌я┐я┤п╦п╪ п©п╬ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡я┐).
+** п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╢п╦я─п╬п╡п╬п╨ "KOI8-R" п╦ "CP866".
+** п▓я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╬п╫я▀ я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ п©п╬п╢ FreeBSD п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬ (я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╩п╬ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ я─п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟, п╬п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╬п╫ п╡я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫ п╡ JDK(R), я┌п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ п╨п╬я│п╫я┐я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ FreeBSD я│я┌п╟п╩п╟ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╥ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╦я┘ (п╦п╩п╦ п╣п╢п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧?) VM, п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╬п╫я▀.
+** sysRmdir() я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬ я┐п╢п╟п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╦.
+** п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п╩п╬п╨п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ CJK п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ я│ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╬п╧ xpg4.
+
+== п°п╟п╧ 1998
+
+* *5 п╪п╟я▐ 1998:*
+** п²п╟ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╨п╣ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦я▐ п©п╬ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ JWS (Java Work Shop) я└п╦я─п╪я▀ Sun п╫п╟ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╣ FreeBSD.
+
+== п╓п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▄ 1998
+
+* *25 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1998:* jdk1.1.5.V98-2-25.tar.gz.
+** п÷п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ JDK(R) п╢п╩я▐ 2.2.2 я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ я│п╫п╬п╡п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌.
+** п╒п╣п©п╣я─я▄ AWT п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╦п╪я▐ п╬п╨п╫п╟.
+** п≤я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╫п╣п©п╬п╫я▐я┌п╫п╟я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟, п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢я▐я┴п╟я▐ п╨ п╟п╡п╟я─п╦п╧п╫п╬п╪я┐ п╥п╟п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫п╦я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п©я─п╦ п╫п╟п╤п╟я┌п╦п╦ п╨п╫п╬п©п╨п╦ п╡ п╢п╦п╟п╩п╬пЁп╬п╡п╬п╪ п╬п╨п╫п╣ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я─п╟п╥.
+** п≤я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟, п©я─п╦ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ SHMEM п╫п╣ п╬я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╤п╢п╟п╩п╟я│я▄ п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я│ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦, я┤я┌п╬ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦п╩п╬ п╨ я┐я┌п╣я┤п╨п╣ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦.
++
+*12 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1998:*
+** п≥п╬я┘п╟п╫ п⌡п╟я─я│я│п╬п╫ (Johan Larsson) п╩я▌п╠п╣п╥п╫п╬ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╦п╩ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ ftp-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п╢п╩я▐ JDK(R), я┌п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ п╣я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п©я─п╣п╢я┐п╠п╣п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ HTTP, п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я│п╨п╟я┤п╟я┌я▄ п╣пЁп╬ я│ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟.
+** п⌡п╬пЁп╬я┌п╦п© 'Steaming Cup of Java' п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫ п╫п╟ 'Jump to Java', п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ (п╦ я▌я─п╦п╢п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦) пЁя─п╟п╪п╬я┌п╣п╫ я│ я┌п╬я┤п╨п╦ п╥я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ SUN.
++
+*9 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1998:* jdk1.1.5.V98-2-8.tar.gz.
+** п≤я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦ п╡ Process.waitFor()
+** п°п╬п╢п╦я└п╦я├п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╦ Motif. п╜я┌п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩п╦я┌ п╡я│п╣п╪, я┐ п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╟ Motif (я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╟я▐ п╦п╩п╦ п╢п╦п╫п╟п╪п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╟я▐), я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄ JDK(R) я│п╟п╪п╬я│я┌п╬я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©я─п╦ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦п╦ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╟ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧. п∙я│п╩п╦ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▐ п╫п╟ Motif, п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я▄ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀ п╡ п╠п╦п╫п╟я─п╫п╬п╪ п╡п╦п╢п╣.
+** п²п╣п╠п╩п╬п╨п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣ я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦п╥ п╨п╬п╫п╡п╣п╧п╣я─п╟ (pipe) я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╣п╫п╟п╢п╣п╤п╫п╬ п╡п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐я┘ п·п║.
+** п°п╫п╬пЁп╬п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╫п╟я▐ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╟ (п╪я┐п╩я▄я┌п╦п╨п╟я│я┌) я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌.
+
+== п╞п╫п╡п╟я─я▄ 1998
+
+* *п╞п╫п╡п╟я─я▄ 1998:*
+** п·я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ JDK(R) п╫п╟ FreeBSD, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╪п╦ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀ JDK(R) п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD.
+** п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ JDK(R)1.1.5 п╡ п╠п╦п╫п╟я─п╫п╬п╪ п╡п╦п╢п╣, я│п╬ я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╡п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ Motif. (п  я│п╬п╤п╟п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌, я█я┌п╬я┌ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ п╠я▀п╩ я┐я┌п╣я─я▐п╫ п╦п╥-п╥п╟ я│п╠п╬я▐ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟ п╫п╟ ftp-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣,)
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/press.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/press.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1dd318093f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/press.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Javaб╝: п▓ п©я─п╣я│я│п╣..."
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD Java(R): п▓ п©я─п╣я│я│п╣...
+
+*Java World п°п╟я─я┌, 1999*: http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-03-1999/jw-03-volanomark-2.html[(я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╟)] +
+JavaWorld п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╬я┌я┤п╣я┌ п▓п╬п╩п╟п╫п╬ (Volano), п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╦ п╪п╟я│я┬я┌п╟п╠п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ п╡ я│п╣я┌п╦ 16 п╡п╦я─я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫ Java п╢п╩я▐ 7 п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪. FreeBSD п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ JDK 1.1.8.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/logo.adoc b/website/content/ru/logo.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b47006c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/logo.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD Logo"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= FreeBSD Logo
+
+* <<guideline,пёп╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌>>
+* <<resource,п═п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀>>
+* <<sample,п÷я─п╦п╪п╣я─я▀>>
+
+[[guideline]]
+== пёп╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌
+
+п≈п╫п╟п╨ FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╪ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪ я└п╬п╫п╢п╟ FreeBSD. п⌡п╬пЁп╬я┌п╦п© FreeBSD п╦ The Power to Serve я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╟п╪п╦ я└п╬п╫п╢п╟ FreeBSD.
+
+п▓я│п╣ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╣ "п═п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀", п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦п╦ я└п╬п╫п╢п╟ FreeBSD.
+
+п■п╩я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, п╨п╟п╨ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╩п╬пЁп╬я┌п╦п©п╟, я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╩п╬пЁп╬я┌п╦п©п╟ FreeBSD п╫п╟ я│п╟п╧я┌п╣ http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/documents/Guidelines.shtml[я└п╬п╫п╢п╟ FreeBSD.]
+
+[[resource]]
+== п═п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀
+
+=== п║я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀п╧ п╩п╬пЁп╬я┌п╦п© (п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я├п╡п╣я┌п╫я▀п╧)
+
+link:../../logo/logo-full.png[image:../../logo/logo-full-thumb.png[image]]
+
+=== п║я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀п╧ п╩п╬пЁп╬я┌п╦п© (п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я├п╡п╣я┌п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ я└п╬п╫п╟)
+
+link:../../logo/logo-reverse.png[image:../../logo/logo-reverse-thumb.png[image]]
+
+=== п║я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀п╧ п╩п╬пЁп╬я┌п╦п© (я┤п╣я─п╫п╬-п╠п╣п╩я▀п╧)
+
+link:../../logo/logo-bw.png[image:../../logo/logo-bw-thumb.png[image]]
+
+=== п▓п╣п╨я┌п╬я─п╫я▀п╣ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌я▀
+
+Format: link:../../logo/logo-basic.ai[Adobe(r) Illustrator(r)], link:../../logo/logo-basic.svg[SVG]
+
+link:../../logo/logo-basic.png[image:../../logo/logo-basic-thumb.png[image]]
+
+[[sample]]
+== п÷я─п╦п╪п╣я─я▀
+
+п≈п░п°п∙п╖п░п²п≤п∙: я┌п╣п╨я│я┌ "freeBSD" п╡ п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢я▒п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐я┘ п╠я▀п╩ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫ п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ я┤п╣я─п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╩п╬пЁп╬я┌п╦п©п╟, п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╫п╨я┐я─я│. п÷я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╟п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╫п╣я│п╣п╫п╬ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┤я▒я─п╫я▀п╪ я├п╡п╣я┌п╬п╪, п╟ п╫п╣ п╢п╡я┐п╪я▐, п╦ п©п╣я─п╡я┐я▌ п╠я┐п╨п╡я┐ "f" я│п╩п╣п╢я┐п╣я┌ п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╟ п╥п╟пЁп╩п╟п╡п╫я┐я▌ "F".
+
+=== CD/DVD я┐п©п╟п╨п╬п╡п╨п╟
+
+link:../../logo/cd.jpg[image:../../logo/cd-thumb.jpg[image]]
+
+=== п·я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╨п╦
+
+link:../../logo/postcard1.jpg[image:../../logo/postcard1-thumb.jpg[image]]
+
+link:../../logo/postcard2.jpg[image:../../logo/postcard2-thumb.jpg[image]]
+
+link:../../logo/postcard3.jpg[image:../../logo/postcard3-thumb.jpg[image]]
+
+link:../../logo/postcard4.jpg[image:../../logo/postcard4-thumb.jpg[image]]
+
+=== п·п╠п╬п╦
+
+п²п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╬п╡ п╬п╠п╬п╣п╡.
+
+link:../../logo/wall1.jpg[image:../../logo/wall1-thumb.jpg[image]]
+
+link:../../logo/wall2.jpg[image:../../logo/wall2-thumb.jpg[image]]
+
+link:../../logo/wall3.jpg[image:../../logo/wall3-thumb.jpg[image]]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/mailto.adoc b/website/content/ru/mailto.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c5ae46e0a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/mailto.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "п п╬п╫я┌п╟п╨я┌п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п п╬п╫я┌п╟п╨я┌п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐
+
+== п▓п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ п©п╬ FreeBSD...
+
+п▓п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ FreeBSD, п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD Questions, freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org.
+
+link:../community/mailinglists[п║п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦] я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀п╪ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩п╬п╪ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ FreeBSD (я█я┌п╦я┘ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╬п╨ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╦ п╬п╫п╦ п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴п╣п╫я▀ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╪ я┌п╣п╪п╟п╪). п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╫п╣п╟п╫пЁп╩п╬я▐п╥я▀я┤п╫я▀я┘ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦.
+
+== п▓п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╪п╬пЁп╬ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│п╟п╧я┌п╟...
+
+п▓п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ п╦ п©п╬п╤п╣п╩п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ (link:{handbook}[я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬], link:{faq}[я┤п╟я│я┌п╬ п╥п╟п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀], link:../docs/[п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦ п╦ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦]) п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD Documentation Project, freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
+
+== п÷п╬я┤я┌п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╟п╢я─п╣я│, я┌п╣п╩п╣я└п╬п╫ п╦ я└п╟п╨я│
+
+п■п╩я▐ п╥п╟п╨п╟п╥п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡: http://www.freebsdmall.com/[The FreeBSD Mall]
+
+п■п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦: http://www.freebsdmall.com/[The FreeBSD Mall]
+
+== link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/administration/[п я┌п╬ п╥п╟ я┤я┌п╬ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟п╣я┌]
+
+п║п╡я▐п╥п╦ я│ п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╦ п╨п╬я─п©п╬я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╣ я│п╬я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬, п╬я└п╦я├п╣я─ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п©п╬я│я┌-п╪п╟я│я┌п╣я─, п╡п╣п╠-п╪п╟я│я┌п╣я─ п╦ п©я─п╬я┤п╣п╣.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/1996/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/1996/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad8a03d2c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/news/1996/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+title: "п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD! (1996)"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: false
+---
+
+= п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD! (1996)
+
+== п■п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▄ 1996
+
+* *24 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 1996* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/2.2-BETA[2.2-BETA]. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я┤п╦я┌п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╡ ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/2.2-BETA/RELNOTES.TXT[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣].
+* *13 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 1996* FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨я┐ п╫п╟ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟я┘ я│ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╣ я┤п╣п╪ 5п°п▒ п·п≈пё п╦ я│ п╢п╦я│п╨п╣я┌ п╬п╠я┼я▒п╪п╬п╪ 1.2п°п▒. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╬я─п╦пЁп╦п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2R/install-media.html[п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╦].
+
+== п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 1996
+
+* *15 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 1996* п▓я▀я┬п╩п╟ п╡ я│п╡п╣я┌ FreeBSD link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.1.6R/security.html[2.1.6-RELEASE]. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я┤п╦я┌п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╡ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.1.6R/security.html[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣].
+* *4 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 1996* п·я┌ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╣пЁп╬я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╣ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/[CVS] FreeBSD я│п╫п╬п╡п╟ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩п╦п╩п╟я│я▄ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╟. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ link:../../releases/[п╥п╢п╣я│я▄].
+
+link:../[News Home]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/1997/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/1997/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..053b12d473
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/news/1997/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+---
+title: "п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD! (1997)"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: false
+---
+
+:ftp: ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD
+
+= FreeBSD News Flash! (1996)
+
+== п■п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▄ 1997
+
+* *26 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 1997* п÷п╬я▐п╡п╦п╩я│я▐ я┐п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╧ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╢п╩я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╦ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/synching.html#CVSUP[CVSup]. п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╣пЁп╬, п╡п╬п╧п╢п╦я┌п╣ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐, п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╬п╧ su п©п╣я─п╣п╧п╢п╦я┌п╣ п╡ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪ п©я─п╦п╡п╦п╩п╣пЁп╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ п╦ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я┐: `pkg_add {ftp}/development/CVSup/cvsupit.tgz`
+* *2 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 1997* п·я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟, п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦п╡я┬п╟я▐ п╫п╟п╥п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ "FOOF", я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╡ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╟я┘ 3.0-current п╦ 2.2-stable п╦ я█я┌п╦ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╡ п╡п╟я┬я┐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/synching.html#CVSUP[CVSup], я┌п╟п╨ п╤п╣, п╨п╟п╨ я█я┌п╬ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╬ п╫п╦п╤п╣ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟я▐ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┌я▀ п╬я┌ п╟я┌п╟п╨п╦ я┌п╦п©п╟ LAND, п╦п╩п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦п╡ link:{ftp}/2.2.5-RELEASE/updates/f00f.diff.2.2[я█я┌п╦ п©п╟я┌я┤п╦].
+* *1 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 1997* п·я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟ п╡ TCP/IP, п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦п╡я┬п╟я▐ п╫п╟п╥п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ "LAND attack", п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╡п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╟я┘, п╟ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╡ п╡п╟я┬я┐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/synching.html#CVSUP[CVSup], я│п╦п╫я┘я─п╬п╫п╦п╥п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌я▀ п╢п╩я▐ 2.2 п╦п╩п╦ 3.0.
+* *1 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 1997* Team FreeBSD - я█я┌п╬ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ FreeBSD, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ CPU п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟п╢ п╡п╥п╩п╬п╪п╬п╪ 64-я─п╟п╥я─я▐п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟ RSA. п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬я│п╣я┌п╦я┌п╣ я│п╟п╧я┌ http://www.circle.net/team-freebsd/[Team FreeBSD].
+
+== п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 1997
+
+* *21 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 1997* _Pentium bug_ -- п▓я▀ п╬п╥п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╬п╧ Pentium "F00F", п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╨ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡, п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣п╪ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ я│ Intel п╫п╟п╢ п╣я▒ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪. п п╬пЁп╢п╟ я┐ п╫п╟я│ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣, пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╬п╣ п╨ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌, п╬п╠ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╬ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄, п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╣ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ announce@FreeBSD.org п╦ п╡ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ Usenet news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce[comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce]. п÷я─п╬я▐п╡п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╣п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┌п╣я─п©п╣п╫п╦я▐.
+* *9 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 1997* п÷п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╦п╩п╦ п╡ п©я─п╬п╢п╟п╤я┐ п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟я┬п╦п╪ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ FreeBSD 2.2.5-RELEASE. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://www.wccdrom.com/titles/os/fbsd25.htm.
+
+== п·п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 1997
+
+* *22 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1997* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD 2.2.5. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../../releases/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘]. п·п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ link:{ftp}/2.2.5-RELEASE/ERRATA.TXT[п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐] п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╟я▌я┌ я│ 2.2.5.
+
+== п║п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 1997
+
+* *1 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1997* FreeBSD п©п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩п╟ я│п╣п╠я▐ я│ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╣п╧ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫я▀ п╡ http://techweb.cmp.com/internetwk/reviews/rev0901.htm[п╬п╠п╥п╬я─п╣] п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪ п╢п╩я▐ WWW-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ п╣п╤п╣п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫п╦п╨п╟ Internet Week.
+
+== п░п╡пЁя┐я│я┌ 1997
+
+* *11 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 1997* п≤я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ п╦п╥ пёп╫п╦п╡п╣я─я│п╦я┌п╣я┌п╟ Duke University п╡ я─п╟п╪п╨п╟я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ http://www.cs.duke.edu/ari/index.html[Trapeze Project] я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╩п╦ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬я│п╨п╬я─п╬я│я┌п╫п╬п╧ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ Myrinet п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╬ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╣. п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ Trapeze Project п╦ п╣пЁп╬ я─п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╬п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣, Collaborative Cluster Computing Iniative, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п╨п╬п╢ п╢п╩я▐ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╟ Myrinet, п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ http://www.cs.duke.edu/ari/index.html[WWW-я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣] CCCI.
+* *3 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 1997* п п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐ Netscape Communications п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩п╟ п╠п╣я┌п╟-п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ Netscape Communicator v4.0 for FreeBSD. п·п╫п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я│пЁя─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╟ я│ FTP п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ ftp://ftp.netscape.com/pub/communicator/4.03/4.03b8/english/unix/freebsd/base_install/[ftp.netscape.com] п╦п╩п╦ я│ п╣пЁп╬ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩.
+
+== п≤я▌п╩я▄ 1997
+
+* *22 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 1997* MacIP, п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫я▀п╧ я┬п╩я▌п╥ AppleTalk-п╡-IP п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD, п╡я│я┌я┐п©п╦п╩ п╡ я█я┌п╟п© п╠п╣я┌п╟-я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐. п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫я▌я▌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌, п©п╬я│п╣я┌п╦я┌п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╨я┐ http://www.promo.de/pub/people/stefan/netatalk/ п╦п╩п╦ ftp://ftp.promo.de/pub/people/stefan/netatalk/.
+* *17 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 1997* п▓я▀я┬п╣п╩ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─ п▓п╣я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╟ FreeBSD п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╣ link:{ftp}/doc/newsletter/issue1.pdf[Adobe PDF] (я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╣п╫ п©п╬ link:{ftp}/doc/newsletter/issue1.pdf[FTP]). п∙я│я┌я▄ link:{ftp}/doc/newsletter/README.TXT[я└п╟п╧п╩ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦], п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧, п╡я▀п╠п╬я─ п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─я┴п╦п╨п╟ PDF. п║я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, я─п╣п╨п╩п╟п╪п╟ п╦ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╟ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╬я─я┐ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐п╧я┌п╣ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ newsletter@FreeBSD.org.
+
+== п≤я▌п╫я▄ 1997
+
+* *17 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1997* п÷п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╦п╩п╦ п╡ п©я─п╬п╢п╟п╤я┐ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ FreeBSD link:{ftp}/2.2.2-RELEASE/[2.2.2-RELEASE]; п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│я┤п╦п╨п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╦я┘ я│п╨п╬я─п╬ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄.
+
+== п°п╟п╧ 1997
+
+* *16 п╪п╟я▐ 1997* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ FreeBSD link:{ftp}/2.2.2-RELEASE/[2.2.2-RELEASE]. link:{ftp}/2.2.2-RELEASE/RELNOTES.TXT[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣] п╦ link:{ftp}/FreeBSD2.2.2-RELEASE/ERRATA.TXT[п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐] п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦.
+* *12 п╪п╟я▐ 1997* пёя│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ п╫п╣пЁп╬ п╣п╤п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫я▀я┘ я│п╫я█п©я┬п╬я┌п╬п╡ 3.0-Current п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/. п║п╫я█п©я┬п╬я┌я▀ 3.0-SNAP п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╣п╤п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫п╬, п╟ я│я┌п╟я─я▀п╣ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ я┘я─п╟п╫п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╪п╦п╫п╦п╪я┐п╪ п╬п╢п╫я┐ п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩я▌.
+
+== п░п©я─п╣п╩я▄ 1997
+
+* *28 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 1997* п■п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ 3.0-current я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ я▐п╢п╣я─ я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ SMP. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п╬ http://www.FreeBSD.org/~fsmp/SMP/SMP.html[SMP].
+* *22 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 1997* пёя│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ п╫п╣пЁп╬ п╣п╤п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫я▀я┘ я│п╫я█п©я┬п╬я┌п╬п╡ RELENG_2.2 п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ ftp://releng22.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/[ftp://releng22.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD]. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ ftp://releng22.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/README.TXT[README.TXT].
+* *15 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 1997* п÷п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╦п╩п╦ п╡ п©я─п╬п╢п╟п╤я┐ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ я│ FreeBSD 2.2.1-RELEASE. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://www.wccdrom.com/titles/os/fbsd22.htm.
+
+== п°п╟я─я┌ 1997
+
+* *28 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 1997* Sony Computer Science Laboratory, Inc. п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩п╟ п╟п╩я▄я└п╟-п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ ALTQ/CBQ, п╟п╩я▄я┌п╣я─п╫п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╣я┌п╬п╢ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ п╬я┤п╣я─п╣п╢я▐п╪п╦ п╡ BSD Unix. п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/kjc/programs.html[п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐] п╦ ftp://ftp.csl.sony.co.jp/pub/kjc/altq.tar.gz[п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢].
+* *25 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 1997* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ FreeBSD link:{ftp}/2.2.1-RELEASE/[2.2.1-RELEASE], п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫я▐я▌я┴п╟я▐ 2.2-RELEASE. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ link:{ftp}/2.2.1-RELEASE/README.TXT[README.TXT] п╦ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.1R/notes.html[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣].
+* *16 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 1997* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ link:{ftp}/2.2-RELEASE/[FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE]. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ link:{ftp}/2.2-RELEASE/README.TXT[README.TXT] п╦ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2R/notes.html[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣].
+
+== п╓п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▄ 1997
+
+* *20 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1997* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ FreeBSD 2.1.7-RELEASE. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ README.TXT п╦п╩п╦ п╡ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.1.7R/notes.html[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣].
+* *10 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1997* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ FreeBSD 3.0-970209-SNAP. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬п╠ я█я┌п╬п╪ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ README.TXT.
+* *6 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1997* п▒я▀п╩п╟ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╟ я│п╣я─я▄я▒п╥п╫п╟я▐ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟ я│ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╟я▐я│я▐ FreeBSD 2.1.6 п╦ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я─п╟п╫п╫п╦я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. п·я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟ п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╡ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╟я┘ -stable, -current п╦ RELENG_2_2. п п╟п╨ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╪п╣я─п╟ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, FreeBSD 2.1.6 п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╫п╣п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я│ FTP-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡, п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ п╦ п╣я▒ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п©я─п╬я┤п╣я│я┌я▄ п╡ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╦ {ftp}/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-97:01.setlocale[FreeBSD-SA-97:01.setlocale].
+* *6 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1997* п▓я▀я┬п╩п╟ п╬п╨п╬п╫я┤п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п©я─п╣п╢п╡п╟я─п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ FreeBSD 2.2-GAMMA. п▓ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ README.TXT п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐.
+* *2 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1997* п▓я▀п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ п╫я▒п╪ я│п╟п╪я▀я┘ я│п╡п╣п╤п╦я┘ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/snapshots.html[я│п╫я█п©я┬п╬я┌п╬п╡] FreeBSD 2.2. п÷п╬п╩п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ ftp://22gamma.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/README.TXT[README.TXT].
+
+== п╞п╫п╡п╟я─я▄ 1997
+
+* *25 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 1997* п▓я▀я┬п╩п╟ п╡ я│п╡п╣я┌ FreeBSD link:{ftp}/3.0-970124-SNAP/[3.0-970124-SNAP]. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╡ link:{ftp}/3.0-970124-SNAP/RELNOTES.TXT[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣].
+
+link:..[News Home]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/1998/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/1998/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a1bc775ab6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/news/1998/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+---
+title: "п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD! (1998)"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: false
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD! (1998)
+
+== п■п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▄ 1998
+
+* *28 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 1998* п∙я│п╩п╦ я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╪п╣я┬п╟я▌я┌ п╬п╠я│я┌п╬я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄я│я┌п╡п╟, п╦п╥ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╦ -CURRENT п╨ п╡п╣я┤п╣я─я┐ 15 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 1999 п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ FreeBSD 3.0. п▓я▀я┘п╬п╢ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟ 3.1 п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢я┐п╣я┌ п╣я┴п╣ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ 30 п╢п╫п╣п╧, 15 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1999. п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╩п╦я┬я▄ *п©я─п╣п╢п╡п╟я─п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣*.
+* *13 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 1998* Walnut Creek CDROM п╬я┌п╨я─я▀п╩ я│п╟п╧я┌ http://www.freebsdmall.com/[FreeBSD Mall], п╬я┌я─п╟п╤п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п╟я│п©п╣п╨я┌я▀ FreeBSD, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п╢п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦, п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐. п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©я─п╬я─п╣п╨п╩п╟п╪п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦п╩п╦ п©я─п╬п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╟я┬п╦ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌я▀ п╦п╩п╦ я┐я│п╩я┐пЁп╦ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ FreeBSD Mall, п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╡ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▌ BSDi.
+
+== п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 1998
+
+* *30 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 1998* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.8R/announce.html[FreeBSD 2.2.8]. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../../releases/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘]. п·п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.8R/errata.html[п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐] п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘ я│ 2.2.8.
+* *26 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 1998* http://www.freebsdrocks.com/[FreeBSD Rocks] - я█я┌п╬ п╦п╫п╦я├п╦п╟я┌п╦п╡п╟, п©я─п╦п╥п╡п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦я┌я▄ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeeBSD я│п╟п╪я▀п╪п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╪п╦ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦, п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫я▀п╪ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╦ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╟п╪п╦. п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╬п╡, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ я│п╩я┐п╤п╠я┐ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╟, п╬п╠п╩п╣пЁя┤п╟я▌я┴я┐я▌ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│я┌п╟я─я▀я┘ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╧. п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╣п╤п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫п╬ п╦ п╡я│п╣ п©я─п╦пЁп╩п╟я┬п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╨ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┌п╬п╨. п∙я│п╩п╦ я│п╣пЁп╬п╢п╫я▐ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬ я│п╩я┐я┤п╦п╩п╬я│я▄, п╡я▀ я┐п╡п╦п╢п╦я┌п╣ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╟ я│п╟п╧я┌п╣ FreeBSDRocks.
+
+== п·п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 1998
+
+* *15 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1998* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.0R/announce.html[FreeBSD 3.0]. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../../releases/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘]. п·п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.0R/errata.html[п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐] п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘ я│ 3.0.
+
+== п║п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 1998
+
+* *15 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1998* п²п╟ 15 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ п╥п╟п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╬ п╡я┘п╬п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪ BETA п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ 3.0-CURRENT. п п╟п╨ п╡я│п╣ п╪я▀ я┐п╤п╣ (п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀) п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄, п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟ 3.0 п╥п╟п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╫п╟ 15 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐, я┌п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╢п╟п╣я┌ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╦п╧ 30-п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫я▀п╧ п╠п╣я┌п╟-п©п╣я─п╦п╬п╢. п▓ я█я┌п╬ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐, я▐ п╫п╣ п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟я▌, я┤я┌п╬ п╨я┌п╬-п╫п╦п╠я┐п╢я▄ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╦п╩п╦ п╨п╟п╨п╦п╪-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╪ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫я▐я┌я▄ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ 3.0-CURRENT, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬ п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡п╬я─п╣я┤п╦п╩п╬ п╠я▀ п╬п╠я┴п╣п╧ п╦п╢п╣п╣ BETA (п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐, п╫п╣ п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╩я▐я▐ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ я├п╣п╩п╦ п╨п╟п╤п╢я▀п╣ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╢п╫п╣п╧ :).
+* *13 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1998* п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┤п╣п╪ пЁп╬п╢п╟ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦п╧ п╫п╟п╢ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╬п╧ Common Access Method я┐я─п╬п╡п╫я▐ SCSI п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD wп╬п╫ п╠я▀п╩ п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╡ 3.0-CURRENT п╡ п╡п╬я│п╨я─п╣я│п╣п╫я▄п╣, 13 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐. п п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ CAM я│п╣п╧я┤п╟я│ п╥п╟п╫я▐я┌п╟ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨п╬п╧ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╟я├п╦п╦ п©я─п╬я┬п╣п╩ п╪п╟п╨я│п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ пЁп╩п╟п╢п╨п╬, п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╠я┐п╢я▄я┌п╣ п©п╬п╨п╟ я│п╫п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀ п╨ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╥п╟п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟п╪ п©я─п╦ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌п╟я┘ п╫п╟ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ п╬ CAM.
+* *9 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1998* Perl5 п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ п╡ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ 3.0-CURRENT.
+* *5 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1998* http://visar.csustan.edu/[BSD CD Giveaway List]. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╨п╬пЁп╬-я┌п╬ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╫я┐п╤п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨ (п╢п╬п©я┐я│п╨п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ п©п╬я┤я┌п╬п╡я▀я┘ я─п╟я│я┘п╬п╢п╬п╡ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╪), п╬п╫ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╡п╫п╣я│я┌п╦ я│п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌я▀ п╡ я█я┌п╬я┌ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨. п═п╟п╥п╢п╟я┤п╟ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌я┐я─я▀ п╦ п╨п╫п╦пЁ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╢п╬п©я┐я│п╨п╟п╣я┌я│я▐. п°я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©я─п╦п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣п╪ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧ п╢п╟я─п╦я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ п╪п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╪ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╟п╪ п╦ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╟я┌я▄ п╦я┘ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╟ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨.
+* *1 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1998* п▓я┤п╣я─п╟ п╡я▀я┬п╣п╩ п╡ я│п╡п╣я┌ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─ Daemon News. п╜я┌п╬я┌ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ BSD п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ BSD. п░п╢я─п╣я│ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╟ http://www.daemonnews.org/
+
+== п░п╡пЁя┐я│я┌ 1998
+
+* *31 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 1998* п▓п╣я┌п╨п╟ FreeBSD -CURRENT (п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╟я▐ 3.0-RELEASE) п©п╣я─п╣я┬п╩п╟ я│ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╟ a.out п╫п╟ ELF. п▓я│п╣, п╨я┌п╬ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╩ п╡ я█я┌п╬п╪ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╣, п©я─п╬п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩п╦ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬я┐я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐; п©п╣я─п╣я┘п╬п╢ п©я─п╬я┬п╣п╩ пЁп╩п╟п╢п╨п╬. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п©п╣я─п╣я┘п╬п╢п╣ п╨ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌я┐ ELF п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╡ п╟я─я┘п╦п╡п╣ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/[freebsd-current@FreeBSD.org].
+* *23 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 1998* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌п╟ suidcontrol-0.1. п╜я┌п╬ я█п╨я│п©п╣я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨п╬п╧ suid/sgid п╡п╬ FreeBSD. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://www.watson.org/fbsd-hardening/suidcontrol.html
+* *9 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 1998* п·п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╬п╡п╟п╫ FreeBSD Security How-To. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ я│я┌п╟п╢п╦п╦ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣п╫ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://www.best.com/~jkb/howto.txt
+
+== п≤я▌п╩я▄ 1998
+
+* *22 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 1998* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ FreeBSD 2.2.7. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../../releases/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘]. п·п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/2.2.7-RELEASE/ERRATA.TXT[п╦я│п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐] п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘ я│ 2.2.7.
+* *16 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 1998* п▒я▀п╩ п╥п╟п©я┐я┴п╣п╫ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ ``FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ Linux''. п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ link:../../docproj/current[я│п©п╦я│п╨я┐ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐] п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦.
+* *13 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 1998* mailto:jkh@FreeBSD.org[п■п╤п╬я─п╢п╟п╫ п╔п╟п╠п╠п╟я─п╢] (Jordan Hubbard) п╬п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╬п╡п╟п╩ http://editorials.freshmeat.net/jordan980713/[п╥п╟п╪п╣я┌п╨я┐] п╬ п©я─п╬я┬п╩п╬п╪ п╦ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣п╪ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ Unix.
+* *9 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 1998* п▓ я─п╟п╪п╨п╟я┘ http://www.es.FreeBSD.org/es/[п≤я│п©п╟п╫я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐] п╠я▀п╩ п╥п╟п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢ link:{faq}[FAQ] п╫п╟ http://www.es.FreeBSD.org/es/[п╦я│п©п╟п╫я│п╨п╦п╧ я▐п╥я▀п╨]. п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ link:../../docproj/translations/[я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢п╬п╡].
+
+== п°п╟п╧ 1998
+
+* *30 п╪п╟я▐ 1998* FreeBSD п╦ Apache п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ http://www.WebTechniques.com/features/1998/05/engelschall/engelschall.shtml[я█я┌п╬п╧ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄п╣] п╬ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╡п╣п╠-п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╟ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ round-robin DNS п╫п╟ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣ http://www.WebTechniques.com/[WEBTechniques.com].
+* *23 п╪п╟я▐ 1998* п▓я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨ п▓п╣я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╟ FreeBSD я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╡ ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/newsletter/issue2.pdf[я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╣ Adobe PDF] (я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©п╬ ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/newsletter/issue2.pdf[FTP]). п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/newsletter/README.TXT[я└п╟п╧п╩ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦], п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п©п╬п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╡ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╣ п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─я┴п╦п╨п╟ PDF. п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦, я─п╣п╨п╩п╟п╪п╟ п╦ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╟ п╡ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я├п╦я▌ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬я│я▀п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ newsletter@FreeBSD.org.
+* *1 п╪п╟я▐ 1998* п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩ я│п╩я┐п╤п╠я┐ link:{handbook}#ANONCVS[Anonymous CVS] п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/[FreeBSD CVS]. п я─п╬п╪п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я┤п╣пЁп╬, я█я┌п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩п╦я┌ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ FreeBSD п╠п╣п╥ п╬я│п╬п╠я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╡п╦п╩п╣пЁп╦п╧ п╬я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╦ я│ CVS п╡ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣ "я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦п╣" я│ п╩я▌п╠я▀п╪ п╦п╥ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ anoncvs-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD.
+
+== п░п©я─п╣п╩я▄ 1998
+
+* *16 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 1998* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫ п╡ п©я─п╬п╢п╟п╤я┐ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п╦п╥ 4 п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD 2.2.6, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╥п╟п╡я┌я─п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌я▄ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ п╦ я┌п╣п╪, п╨я┌п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩ п©я─п╣п╢п╡п╟я─п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╥п╟п╨п╟п╥. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╪п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://www.wccdrom.com/.
+* *11 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 1998* п║п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD FreeBSD Mozilla Group. FreeBSD Mozilla Group п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╦ п╢п╬я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀п╧ п╡п╣п╠-п╠я─п╟я┐п╥п╣я─ п╬я┌ Netscape, п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╧ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╨п╟п╨ http://www.mozilla.org/[Mozilla].
+
+== п°п╟я─я┌ 1998
+
+* *25 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 1998* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ FreeBSD 2.2.6. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../../releases/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘]. п·п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/2.2.6-RELEASE/ERRATA.TXT[п╦я│п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐] п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘ я│ 2.2.6.
+
+== п╞п╫п╡п╟я─я▄ 1998
+
+* *8 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 1998* п■п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ Plug-n-Play п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╟ п╡ п╬п╠п╣ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╦ 3.0-CURRENT п╦ 2.2-STABLE. п·п╫п╟ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╟ п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я┐ link:{handbook}#CVSUP[CVSup] п╦п╩п╦ п╡ п╠п╦п╫п╟я─п╫п╬п╪ п╡п╦п╢п╣ п╡ я│п╫я█п©я┬п╬я┌п╟я┘ я│ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[current.FreeBSD.org]
+
+link:..[п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╣п╧]]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/1999/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/1999/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96c4fd4cd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/news/1999/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+---
+title: "п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD! (1999)"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: false
+---
+
+= п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD! (1999)
+
+== п■п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▄ 1999
+
+* *30 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:groudier@FreeBSD.org[Gerard Roudier] (п■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ п╢п╩я▐ Symbios SCSI)
+* *20 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 1999* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.4R/announce.html[FreeBSD 3.4]. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../../releases/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘]. п·п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.4R/errata.html[п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐] п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╟я▌я┌ я│ 3.4.
+* *18 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:rwatson@FreeBSD.org[Robert Watson] (Coda, POSIX.1e, ACL/п÷я─п╟п╡п╟/п░я┐п╢п╦я┌/MAC, п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╟я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌я▀ FFS, п╢п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟/п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ Jail, п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ я│ IPFW/BPF)
+* *16 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 1999* пёп╢п╟п╩я▒п╫ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: James Raynard, _"п╞ я─п╣я┬п╦п╩ п╬я┌п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╬я┌ я│я┌п╟я┌я┐я│п╟ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╢п╟п╡п╫п╬ я┐ п╪п╣п╫я▐ п╫п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦ п©п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╢ FreeBSD, п╟ я│п╣п╧я┤п╟я│ п╡я│я▒ п╢п╬я│я┌п╦пЁп╩п╬ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ я▐ п╫п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐ п╢п╟п╤п╣ "п©я─п╬п╠п╣п╤п╟я┌я▄ пЁп╩п╟п╥п╟п╪п╦" п©п╬я┤я┌я┐ я│ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╬п╡"._ п°я▀ п╠п╩п╟пЁп╬п╢п╟я─п╦п╪ п■п╤п╣п╧п╪я│п╟ п╥п╟ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╦ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╬п╫ п╡п╨п╩п╟п╢я▀п╡п╟п╩ п╡п╬ FreeBSD.
++
+п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:asmodai@FreeBSD.org[Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven] (п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐, п╡ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, mdoc, п╫п╦п╥п╨п╬я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│я▀ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╟я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐, п╬я┌п╫п╬я│я▐я┴п╟я▐я│я▐ п╨ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡я┐ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡)
+* *15 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:jedgar@FreeBSD.org[Chris D. Faulhaber]
+* *14 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:nbm@FreeBSD.org[Neil Blakey-Milner] (п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐)
+
+== п·п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 1999
+
+* *24 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1999* п п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦я▐ http://www.freebsdcon.org/[FreeBSD Con] '99 п╡ я█я┌п╬п╪ пЁп╬п╢я┐ п╦п╪п╣п╩п╟ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ я┐я│п©п╣я┘! п▒п╬п╩п╣п╣ 350 п©я─п╦п╫я▐п╡я┬п╦я┘ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣, п╦ п╡я│п╣, п╨п╟п╨ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩п╦, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п©п╬я│п╣я┌п╦я┌п╣п╩п╦ пЁп╬п╡п╬я─п╦п╩п╦, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌ п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦я▌ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╫п╬п╧ п╦ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫п╬п╧. п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╣ я│п©п╟я│п╦п╠п╬ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ http://www.wccdrom.com/[Walnut Creek CDROM] п╥п╟ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▌ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╣я─п╬п©я─п╦я▐я┌п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┌п╬я─я┐ http://www.mckusick.com/[Marshall Kirk McKusick] п╥п╟ п╢п╡п╣ п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п╬ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫п╣п╪ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╣ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╦ я─п╣я┤я▄ http://www.mckusick.com/history/index.html[п≤я│я┌п╬я─п╦я▐ BSD] п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╦.
+* *10 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:joe@FreeBSD.org[Josef Karthauser]
+
+== п║п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 1999
+
+* *27 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:nakai@FreeBSD.org[Yukihiro Nakai] (п÷п╬я─я┌я▀)
+* *26 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:dan@FreeBSD.org[Dan Moschuk] (п÷п╬я─я┌я▀)
+* *17 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1999* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.3R/announce.html[FreeBSD 3.3]. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../../releases/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘]. п·п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.3R/errata.html[п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐] п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╟я▌я┌ я│ 3.3.
+* *8 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀: mailto:bp@FreeBSD.org[Boris Popov] (Netware) п╦ mailto:wsanchez@FreeBSD.org[Wilfredo Sanchez] (п║п╬я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD / Apple п╡ я─п╟п╪п╨п╟я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ Darwin)
+* *5 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:jmas@FreeBSD.org[Jose M. Alcaide] (п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ / п÷п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢ п╫п╟ п╦я│п©п╟п╫я│п╨п╦п╧ я▐п╥я▀п╨)
+* *3 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀: mailto:imura@FreeBSD.org[R. Imura] (п÷п╬я─я┌я▀ / KDE), mailto:andy@FreeBSD.org[Andrey Zakhvatov] (п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ / п÷п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢ п╫п╟ я─я┐я│я│п╨п╦п╧ я▐п╥я▀п╨) п╦ mailto:gioria@FreeBSD.org[Sebastien Gioria] (п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ / п÷п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢ п╫п╟ я└я─п╟п╫я├я┐п╥я│п╨п╦п╧ я▐п╥я▀п╨)
+* *2 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:phantom@FreeBSD.org[Alexey Zelkin] (п⌡п╬п╨п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐; п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐; п═я┐я│я│п╨п╦п╧ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢)
+
+== п░п╡пЁя┐я│я┌ 1999
+
+* *23 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:jhb@FreeBSD.org[John Baldwin] (п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐)
+* *11 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀: mailto:alfred@FreeBSD.org[Alfred Perlstein] (SMP) п╦ mailto:jim@FreeBSD.org[Jim Mock] (п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐)
+* *10 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 1999* п▒я▀п╩п╟ п╡я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ п╠п╣я┌п╟-п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ http://www.codeforge.com/[C-Forge], п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│я─п╣п╢я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦, п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ C, C++, Perl, Tcl п╦ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╦.
+* *6 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:chris@FreeBSD.org[Chris Costello] (п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐)
+* *4 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:pho@FreeBSD.org[Peter Holm] (п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐)
+
+== п≤я▌п╩я▄ 1999
+
+* *29 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀: mailto:shin@FreeBSD.org[Yoshinobu Inoue] п╦ mailto:sumikawa@FreeBSD.org[Munechika Sumikawa] (KAME/IPv6)
+* *27 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:mdodd@FreeBSD.org[Matthew N. Dodd] (EISA, PCI, newbus)
+* *14 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:tanimura@FreeBSD.org[Seigo Tanimura] (MIDI)
+* *7 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:cg@FreeBSD.org[Cameron Grant] (PCM)
+* *3 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:marcel@FreeBSD.org[Marcel Moolenaar] (п║п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ я│ Linux)
+* *1 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀: mailto:nyan@FreeBSD.org[Takahashi Yoshihiro] (PC98) п╦ mailto:gehenna@FreeBSD.org[Masahide MAEKAWA]
+
+== п≤я▌п╫я▄ 1999
+
+* *30 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀: mailto:lile@FreeBSD.org[Larry Lile] (Token Ring), mailto:dbaker@FreeBSD.org[Daniel Baker] (п÷п╬я─я┌я▀) п╦ mailto:deischen@FreeBSD.org[Daniel Eischen]
+* *19 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:cpiazza@FreeBSD.org[Chris Piazza]
+* *18 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:iwasaki@FreeBSD.org[Mitsuru IWASAKI]
+* *17 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:green@FreeBSD.org[Brian Feldman]
+* *14 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:sheldonh@FreeBSD.org[Sheldon Hearn]
+* *10 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1999* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫я▀ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ я│ FreeBSD 3.2-RELEASE. п÷п╬п╢п©п╦я│я┤п╦п╨п╦, п╫п╣ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╡я┬п╦п╣ п╫п╦п╨п╟п╨п╦я┘ я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╥п╟п╨п╟п╥п╬п╡, п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╡я│п╨п╬я─п╣ п╦я┘ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄. п▓я│п╣, п╨я┌п╬ я┘п╬я┤п╣я┌ п╥п╟п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄ 3.2-RELEASE п╦п╩п╦ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│я┤п╦п╨п╬п╪, п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ http://www.freebsdmall.com/[FreeBSD Mall].
+* *8 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1999* п·я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╣ http://freebsd.itworks.com.au/[п╟п╡я│я┌я─п╟п╩п╦п╧я│п╨п╬п╣ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╬ я│п╟п╧я┌п╟ FreeBSD]. п²п╟я┬п╦ п╠п╩п╟пЁп╬п╢п╟я─п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ http://www.itworks.com.au/[ITworks Consulting] п╥п╟ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣.
+
+== п°п╟п╧ 1999
+
+* *28 п╪п╟я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:kevlo@FreeBSD.org[Kevin Lo]
+* *27 п╪п╟я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:ru@FreeBSD.org[Ruslan Ermilov]
+* *26 п╪п╟я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:mtaylor@FreeBSD.org[Mark J. Taylor]
+* *18 п╪п╟я▐ 1999* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.2R/announce.html[FreeBSD 3.2]. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../../releases/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘]. п·п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.2R/errata.html[п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐] п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╟я▌я┌ я│ 3.2.
+
+== п░п©я─п╣п╩я▄ 1999
+
+* *30 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:tom@FreeBSD.org[Tom Hukins] (п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐)
+* *22 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 1999* п·п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╟ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/tutorials/docproj-primer/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD п╡ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╟я┘] (п╡ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╣ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/tutorials/[пёя┤п╣п╠п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╦п╧]), п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘, п╨я┌п╬ я┘п╬я┤п╣я┌ п╡я▀я▐я│п╫п╦я┌я▄ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ link:../../docproj/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐].
+* *15 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:dick@FreeBSD.org[Richard Seaman]
+* *13 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:mharo@FreeBSD.org[Michael Haro]
+
+== п°п╟я─я┌ 1999
+
+* *30 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:nsayer@FreeBSD.org[Nick Sayer]
+* *10 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:jasone@FreeBSD.org[Jason Evans]
+* *5 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 1999* http://www.usenix.org/[USENIX Association] п╟п╫п╬п╫я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟ http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix99/[1999 USENIX Annual Technical Conference], п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ я│п╬я│я┌п╬п╦я┌я│я▐ я│ 6 п©п╬ 11 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1999 п╡ п°п╬п╫я┌п╣я─п╣п╧, CA, USA. п²п╟я┬ п■п╤п╬я─п╢п╟п╫ п╔п╟п╠п╠п╟я─п╢ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я│п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ FREENIX, п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╨ п╡ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪ п╦ п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧.
+* *2 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:taoka@FreeBSD.org[Satoshi TAOKA] (п÷п╬я─я┌я▀)
+* *1 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 1999* пёя│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫я▀п╧ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌п╦я▐ п╢п╣п╫п╣п╤п╫я▀я┘ п╢п╬я┌п╟я├п╦п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐: http://www.freebsdmall.com/donate/.
+* *1 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 1999* п п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ я│ FreeBSD 3.1-RELEASE п©п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╦п╩п╦ п╡ п©я─п╬п╢п╟п╤я┐. п÷п╬п╢п©п╦я│я┤п╦п╨п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╦я┘ я│п╨п╬я─п╬ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄. п■п╩я▐ п╥п╟п╨п╟п╥п╟ п©п╬я│п╣я┌п╦я┌п╣ я│п╟п╧я┌ http://www.wccdrom.com/.
+
+== п╓п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▄ 1999
+
+* *25 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:shige@FreeBSD.org[Shigeyuki FUKUSHIMA]
+* *23 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:alc@FreeBSD.org[Alan Cox] (VM)
+* *19 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:kris@FreeBSD.org[Kris Kennaway]
+* *17 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1999* п п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐ Gartner Group п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩п╟ п╬я┌я┤п╣я┌, _Divorcing Thin Server Software from the Hardware_, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╦п╥я┐я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я┌п╣п╫п╢п╣п╫я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟ я─я▀п╫п╨п╣ OEM п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╦ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╟п╥п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧.
+* *15 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1999* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.1R/announce.html[FreeBSD 3.1]. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:&base;/releases/index.html[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘]. п·п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.1R/errata.html[п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐] п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╟я▌я┌ я│ 3.1.
+* *4 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1999* п·я┌п╨я─я▀я┌ я│п╟п╧я┌ http://www.freebsddiary.org/[FreeBSD Diary], я│п╠п╬я─п╫п╦п╨ п©п╬я┬п╟пЁп╬п╡я▀я┘ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡, п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╡ п╡ Unix.
+* *3 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:dcs@FreeBSD.org[Daniel Sobral] (п≈п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я┤п╦п╨)
+
+== п╞п╫п╡п╟я─я▄ 1999
+
+* *21 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:roger@FreeBSD.org[Roger Hardiman] (п■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ п╢п╩я▐ bt8x8)
+* *20 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 1999* 3.0-STABLE п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌п╡п╦п╩п╟я│я▄ п╬я┌ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╦ -CURRENT. п║п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╪ п╡ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ 3.1-RELEASE, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╡я▀п╧п╢п╣я┌ п╡ я│п╣я─п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣ я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 1999.
+* *15 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:gallatin@FreeBSD.org[Andrew Gallatin] (Alpha)
+* *13 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 1999* http://www.freebsdzine.org/[FreeBSD ezine] я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╣п╤п╣п╪п╣я│я▐я┤п╫я▀п╪ я│п╠п╬я─п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪ п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬я┤п╦я┌п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ (п╫п╟ я┤я┌п╬ п╪я▀ п╫п╟п╢п╣п╣п╪я│я▐) я│я┌п╟я┌п╣п╧, п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪п╦ п╦ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─п╟п╪п╦ FreeBSD, я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪п╦ п╤п╣, п╨п╟п╨ п╡я▀.
+* *10 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 1999* п■п╬п╨п╩п╟п╢ п■п╤п╬я─п╢п╟п╫п╟ п╔п╟п╠п╠п╟я─п╢п╟ "link:../sou1999[п÷п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╣п╩ п╡ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╪ я│п╬я▌п╥п╣]", п╡п╥пЁп╩я▐п╢ п╫п╟п╥п╟п╢ п╡ 1998, п╦ п╬п╠п╥п╬я─ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╦я┘ п©п╣я─я│п©п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡.
+* *2 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 1999* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:simokawa@FreeBSD.org[Hidetoshi Shimokawa] (Alpha / п÷п╬я─я┌я▀)
+
+link:..[п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╣п╧]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/2000/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/2000/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b07702743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/news/2000/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+---
+title: "п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD! (2000)"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: false
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD! (2000)
+
+== п■п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▄ 2000
+
+* *28 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:sf@FreeBSD.org[FUJISHIMA Satsuki] (п©п╬я─я┌я▀)
+* *6 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:clive@FreeBSD.org[Clive T. Lin]
+* *4 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀: mailto:chm@FreeBSD.org[Christoph Herrmann] п╦ mailto:tomsoft@FreeBSD.org[Thomas-Henning von Kamptz] (я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌п╟ growfs)
+* *1 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:iedowse@FreeBSD.org[Ian Dowse]
+
+== п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 2000
+
+* *30 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п·я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀ п©п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│я┐ п╫п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╣я│п╣п╫я▀ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ link:../../platforms/[platforms]. п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟п╪ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╟ п╫п╟ Alpha, IA-64, PowerPC п╦ SPARC.
+* *22 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.2R/announce.html[FreeBSD 4.2]. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../../releases/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘]. п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.2R/errata.html[п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐], я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╟я▌я┌ я│ 4.2.
+* *22 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п≤ п╣я┴я▒ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:roam@FreeBSD.org[Peter Pentchev] (п©п╬я─я┌я▀)
+* *13 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п∙я┴я▒ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:okazaki@FreeBSD.org[OKAZAKI Tetsurou] (п©п╬я─я┌я▀)
+* *13 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п∙я┴я▒ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:kiri@FreeBSD.org[Kazuhiko Kiriyama] (п©п╬я─я┌я▀)
+* *13 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:demon@FreeBSD.org[Dmitry Sivachenko] (п▓ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я┌я▀)
+* *12 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п∙я┴я▒ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:issei@FreeBSD.org[Issei Suzuki] (п÷п╬я─я┌я▀)
+* *6 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п∙я┴я▒ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:keith@FreeBSD.org[Jing-Tang Keith Jang] (п©п╬я─я┌я▀, п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪ п╦п╥ п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦п╦ chinese)
+* *2 п╫п╬я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п■я─я┐пЁп╬п╧ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:benno@FreeBSD.org[Benno Rice] (п÷п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│ п╫п╟ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я┐ PowerPC п╦ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я┤п╦п╨ /boot/loader я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ OpenFirmware)
+
+== п·п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 2000
+
+* *26 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п∙я┴я▒ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:DougB@FreeBSD.org[Doug Barton] (mergemaster п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╫п╣п©я─п╦я▐я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я▐ я│п╪п╬пЁя┐ п©п╬п©п╟я│я┌я▄)
+* *26 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:gad@FreeBSD.org[Garance A Drosehn] (lpr п╦ п╦п╤п╣ я│ п╫п╦п╪)
+* *18 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* *п║п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╩п╦я│я▄ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─я▀ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ FreeBSD (Core Team)!* п╖п╦я┌п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ link:../../press/press-rel-5[п©я─п╣я│я│-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥] п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦.
+* *16 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:jon@FreeBSD.org[п■п╤п╬п╫п╟я┌п╟п╫ п╖п╣п╫] (Jonathan Chen) (newcard cardbus)
+* *3 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п·п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╬п╡п╟п╫п╬ п╬п╨п╬п╫я┤п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ http://www.bsdcon.com/schedule.php3[я─п╟я│п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣] п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╦ http://www.bsdcon.com/[BSDCon]. BSDCon - я█я┌п╬ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╫п╟я▐ пЁп╬п╢п╬п╡п╟я▐ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╟я▐ п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ BSD, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ я│п╬я│я┌п╬п╦я┌я│я▐ 14-20 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ п╡ п°п╬п╫я┌п╣я─п╣п╣, п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦я▐.
+* *2 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* mailto:dfr@FreeBSD.org[Doug Rabson] я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩ я│п╣я─п╦я▌ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╬п╡ п╡ -CURRENT я│ я─п╟п╫п╫п╣п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ IA64. п÷п╬п╢п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╫п╟ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-ia64 п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦
+* *1 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:trevor@FreeBSD.org[Trevor Johnson] (я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬я─я┌я▀, п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪ audio)
+* *1 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:jeh@FreeBSD.org[James Housley] (п©п╬я─я┌я▀, п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬ RTEMS. п²п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│ п╡ IPv6)
+* *1 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:lioux@FreeBSD.org[Mц║rio Sц╘rgio Fujikawa Ferreira]
+
+== п║п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 2000
+
+* *29 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п║п╣пЁп╬п╢п╫я▐ http://www.terasolutions.com/[Tera Solutions, Inc.] п╦ Lighting Internet Services http://www.terasolutions.com/pr092900.html[п╟п╫п╬п╫я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩п╦], я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬п©я┐п╩я▐я─п╫я▀п╧ п╟я─я┘п╦п╡ п·я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬пЁп╬ п÷п· ftp://ftp.freesoftware.com/[ftp.freesoftware.com] (я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╟п╨ ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org[ftp.FreeBSD.org]) п©я─п╣п╡я▀я│п╦п╩п╦ п©п╩п╟п╫п╨я┐ п╡ п╢п╡п╟ я┌я─п╦п╩п╩п╦п╬п╫п╟ п╠п╟п╧я┌ (*п╢п╡п╟ я┌п╣я─п╟п╠п╟п╧я┌п╟*) я│п╨п╟я┤п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╡ п╢п╣п╫я▄ я│ п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╟
+* *27 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.1.1R/announce.html[FreeBSD 4.1.1]. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../../releases/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘]. п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.1.1R/errata.html[п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐], я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╟я▌я┌ я│ 4.1.1.
+* *21 я│п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:bmilekic@FreeBSD.org[Bosko Milekic]
+
+== п░п╡пЁя┐я│я┌ 2000
+
+* *22 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:bmah@FreeBSD.org[Bruce A. Mah] (п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐, pkg_version, я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬я─я┌я▀)
+* *15 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:rv@FreeBSD.org[Rajesh Vaidheeswarran] (ports/devel/cons)
+* *5 п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╟ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:onoe@FreeBSD.org[Atsushi Onoe] (п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ awi)
+
+== п≤я▌п╩я▄ 2000
+
+* *27 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2000* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.1R/announce.html[FreeBSD 4.1]. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../../releases/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘]. п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.1R/errata.html[п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐], я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╟я▌я┌ я│ 4.1.
+* *12 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:marko@FreeBSD.org[Mark Ovens]
+* *11 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:kbyanc@FreeBSD.org[Kelly Yancey]
+* *11 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:dwmalone@FreeBSD.org[David Malone]
+* *11 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:non@FreeBSD.org[Noriaki Mitsunaga] (PC-Card)
+* *10 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:ben@FreeBSD.org[Ben Smithurst] (п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐)
+* *8 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:dannyboy@FreeBSD.org[Daniel Harris] (п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐)
+* *7 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:takawata@FreeBSD.org[Takanori Watanabe] (ACPI)
+* *6 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:hrs@FreeBSD.org[Hiroki Sato] (п╞п©п╬п╫п╬я▐п╥я▀я┤п╫п╟я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐)
+* *5 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:horikawa@FreeBSD.org[Kazuo Horikawa (п·п╫п╩п╟п╧п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п╫п╟ я▐п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╬п╪ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╣)]
+* *3 п╦я▌п╩я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:adrian@FreeBSD.org[Adrian Chadd]
+
+== п≤я▌п╫я▄ 2000
+
+* *30 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2000* п║п╟п╧я┌ http://freshports.org/ п╠я▀п╩ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▒п╫ п╢п╬ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ FreshPorts 1.1. п╜я┌п╬я┌ я│п╟п╧я┌ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╡ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣ п©п╬я─я┌я▀ п╠я▀п╩п╦ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫я▀/п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀/я┐п╢п╟п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╥п╟ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╣п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐. п▓ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╦, п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╬я┬п╣п╢я┬п╣п╪ п╡п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╣ я│ я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟, п╨п╟п╨ п╡ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╣ п╪п╟я▐ п©п╬я▐п╡п╦п╩я│я▐ FreshPorts, п╢п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╫я▀ п╢п╬п╪п╟я┬п╫п╦п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀, я┤я┌п╬, п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╟ п╦я│я┌п╬я─п╦п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╬п╡ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌ я┐я│п╨п╬я─п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ я┐п©я─п╬я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╟ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ п╡п╟я┬п╦я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╟я┘.
+* *29 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2000* п²п╟ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣ http://www.tucows.com/[Tucows] п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦п╩я│я▐ http://bsd.tucows.com/[я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ BSD].
+* *26 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:akiyama@FreeBSD.org[Shunsuke Akiyama] (п■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ п╬п©я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟)
+* *24 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2000* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.5R/announce.html[FreeBSD 3.4]. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../../releases/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘]. п·п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.5R/errata.html[п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐] п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╟я▌я┌ я│ 3.5.
+* *20 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:sanpei@FreeBSD.org[MIHIRA Sanpei Yoshiro] (PC-Card)
++
+п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:cokane@FreeBSD.org[Coleman Kane] (3dfx voodoo п╢п╩я▐ glide/Mesa)
+* *19 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:cjh@FreeBSD.org[CHOI Junho] (п÷п╬я─я┌я▀)
+* *8 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2000* п■п╤п╬я─п╢п╟п╫ п╔п╟п╠п╠п╟я─п╢ (Jordan Hubbard) п╦ пёп╬я─п╫п╣я─ п⌡п╬я┬ (Warner Losh) п©я─п╬п╡п╣п╢я┐я┌ п╡ п╞п©п╬п╫п╦п╦ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╬ п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2000 пЁп╬п╢п╟. п·п╫п╦ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡: BSD BOF п╫п╟ п╡я▀я│я┌п╟п╡п╨п╣ Networld+Interop 2000 Tokyo (8-пЁп╬), я│п╣п╪п╦п╫п╟я─п╣ JUS п╡ Tokyo (9-пЁп╬), я│п╬п╠я─п╟п╫п╦п╦ NBUG п╡ п²п╟пЁп╬п╧п╣ (10-пЁп╬) п╦ я│п╣п╪п╦п╫п╟я─п╣ K*BUG п╡ п·я│п╟п╨п╣ (10-пЁп╬). п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п©п╬я│п╣я┌п╦я┌п╣ я│п╟п╧я┌ http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/.
++
+п÷п╬я▐п╡п╦п╩п╟я│я▄ п╫п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄я▐, п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╟я▐ http://docs.freebsd.org/doc/9.0-RELEASE/usr/share/doc/freebsd/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/dialup-firewall/index.html[п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ PPP, natd п╦ ipfw] п╢п╩я▐ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╪п╣п╤я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬пЁп╬ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╟ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ п╨п╬п╪п╪я┐я┌п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╬п╣ я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩я┐ PPP.
++
+п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:alex@FreeBSD.org[Alexander Langer] (п÷п╬я─я┌я▀, п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐)
+* *6 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2000* п▒я▀п╩ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/conspectus/[п п╬п╫я│п©п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD], п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╬я┌я─п╟п╤п╣п╫я▀ я│п╬п╠я▀я┌п╦я▐ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╣ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ `-stable` п╥п╟ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫я▌я▌ п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩я▌.
+
+== п°п╟п╧ 2000
+
+* *19 п╪п╟я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:cp@FreeBSD.org[Chuck Paterson] (SMP)
+* *18 п╪п╟я▐ 2000* п▓я▀я┬п╣п╩ п╡ я│п╡п╣я┌ п╨п╫п╦п╤п╫я▀п╧ п╡п╟я─п╦п╟п╫я┌ link:{handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ FreeBSD]. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╥п╟п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄ я│п╣п╠п╣ п╨п╬п©п╦я▌, п╢п╬п╠я─п╬ п©п╬п╤п╟п╩п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟ я│п╟п╧я┌ http://www.freebsdmall.com/[FreeBSDMall] п╦п╩п╦ http://www.osd.bsdi.com/[п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ BSDi].
+* *15 п╪п╟я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:jake@FreeBSD.org[Jake Burkholder] (я│я┌п╟я─я▀п╣ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─я▀)
+* *14 п╪п╟я▐ 2000* п▓я▀я┬п╣п╩ п╡ я│п╡п╣я┌ п▓я▀п©я┐я│п╨ #04 п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╟ http://www.freebsdzine.org/[The FreeBSD 'zine].
+* *9 п╪п╟я▐ 2000* http://freshports.org/[Freshports]: п╜я┌п╬я┌ я│п╟п╧я┌, п©п╬ я│я┐я┌п╦ я│п╡п╬п╣п╧ п©п╬я┘п╬п╤п╦п╧ п╫п╟ http://freshmeat.net/[Freshmeat], п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴я▒п╫ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪ FreeBSD, п╦ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ ``я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я│п╩п╣п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐'' п╥п╟ п╡п╟я┬п╦п╪п╦ п╩я▌п╠п╦п╪я▀п╪п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦.
+
+== п░п©я─п╣п╩я▄ 2000
+
+* *16 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 2000* п÷п╬я▐п╡п╦п╩п╦я│я▄ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦: *freebsd-i18n* (п≤п╫я┌п╣я─п╫п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ FreeBSD) п╦ *freebsd-ppc* (п÷п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я┐ PowerPC)
+* *4 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:murray@FreeBSD.org[Murray Stokely] (sysinstall)
+
+== п°п╟я─я┌ 2000
+
+* *22 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:knu@FreeBSD.org[Akinori MUSHA] (п÷п╬я─я┌я▀)
+* *21 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 2000* mailto:unfurl@FreeBSD.org[Bill Swingle] (п▒п╦п╩п╩ п║п╡п╦п╫пЁп╩) п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╩ http://www.32bitsonline.com/article.php3?file=issues/200003/bsdports&page=1[я│я┌п╟я┌я▄я▌ п╬ п║п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п÷п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧] п╢п╩я▐ http://www.32bitsonline.com/[32bitsonline.com]
+* *20 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:will@FreeBSD.org[Will Andrews] (п÷п╬я─я┌я▀)
+* *15 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 2000* п▓я▀я┬п╣п╩ п╡ я│п╡п╣я┌ п╡я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─ п╬п╫п╩п╟п╧п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╟ http://www.freebsdzine.org/[The FreeBSD 'zine].
+* *13 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 2000* п▓я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╟ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.0R/announce.html[FreeBSD 4.0]. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../../releases/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘]. п·п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.0R/errata.html[п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐] п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╟я▌я┌ я│ 4.0.
+* *9 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 2000* п║п╩п╦я▐п╫п╦п╣ http://www.wccdrom.com/[Walnut Creek CDROM] п╦ http://www.BSDI.com/[BSDI]! п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я┤п╦я┌п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╡ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ link:../../press/press-rel-4/[п©я─п╣я│я│-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣].
+
+== п╓п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▄ 2000
+
+* *26 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:ume@FreeBSD.org[Hajimu UMEMOTO] (IPv6)
+* *23 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:ps@FreeBSD.org[Paul Saab]
+* *22 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 2000* http://www.32bitsonline.com/[32BitsOnline.com] п©п╬п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╩ http://www.32bitsonline.com/article.php3?file=issues/200002/fbsd34&page=1[п╬п╠п╥п╬я─] FreeBSD 3.4 by mailto:csmith@medullas.com[Clifford Smith] п╫п╟ я│п╡п╬п╧ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─. п·п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╬ п╡я│п╣, я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╦п╧ п╬п╠п╥п╬я─.
+* *18 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:bsd@FreeBSD.org[Brian S Dean] (п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫я▀я┘ я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╬п╡ п╬я┌п╩п╟п╢п╨п╦ п╡ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╣ IA32 п╫п╟ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣ я▐п╢я─п╟, я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐/п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌я▐я┘)
+* *17 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨ http://www.freebsdzine.org/[The FreeBSD 'zine] п╡я▀я┬п╣п╩ 15 я┤п╦я│п╩п╟. п╜я┌п╬ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╟ п╥п╟ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ 7 п╪п╣я│я▐я├п╣п╡; п╡п╫п╣я│п╣п╫п╬ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╬ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧. п·п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╣я┌п╦я┌п╣ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│п╟п╧я┌.
+* *10 я└п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▐ 2000* mailto:mwlucas@blackhelicopters.org[Michael Lucas] п╬п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╬п╡п╟п╩ п©я─п╣п╨я─п╟я│п╫я┐я▌ http://www.linux.com/featured_articles/20000210/282/[я│я┌п╟я┌я▄я▌] п╬ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╦я▐я┘ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▐п╪п╦ BSD п╦ GPL. п║я┌п╟я┌я▄я▌ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬ я│я┌п╬п╦я┌ п©я─п╬я┤п╣я│я┌я▄.
++
+п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀: mailto:gsutter@FreeBSD.org[Greg Sutter] п╦ mailto:unfurl@FreeBSD.org[Bill Swingle] (п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐)
+
+== п╞п╫п╡п╟я─я▄ 2000
+
+* *22 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 2000* п║п╟п╧я┌ http://www.freebsddiary.org/[FreeBSD Diary], я┘я─п╬п╫п╦п╨п╟ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╣п╨п╦п╧ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨ я│ FreeBSD, я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╩ п©п╬ п╨я─п╟п╧п╫п╣п╧ п╪п╣я─п╣ п╢п╡п╟ пЁп╬п╢п╟. п■п╬ я│п╦я┘ п©п╬я─ п╬п╫ п╠я▀п╩ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ п╥п╟п╠я─п╬я┬п╣п╫. п▓я│п╩п╣п╢ п╥п╟ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╪, я│п╣пЁп╬п╢п╫я▐ п╠я▀п╩ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ я│п╟п╧я┌ я│ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╪ п╬п╠п╩п╦п╨п╬п╪. п²п╟ я│п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ пЁп╦пЁп╟п╫я┌я│п╨п╬п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬я┬п╟пЁп╬п╡я▀я┘ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡ п╦ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┌п╬п╨, п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ NetBSD, OpenBSD п╦ Linux.
+* *13 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:wilko@FreeBSD.org[Wilko Bulte]
+* *4 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 2000* п▓ я─п╟п╪п╨п╟я┘ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ http://www.testdrive.compaq.com/[Compaq Testdrive] п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─я▀ я│ я│п╟п╪я▀п╪ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╪ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╪ FreeBSD 4.0-20000101-CURRENT, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╫п╟ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟я┘ Alpha XP1000 EV6.7. я│ я┌п╟п╨я┌п╬п╡п╬п╧ я┤п╟я│я┌п╬я┌п╬п╧ 667п°п⌠я├ п╦ п╢п╡я┐п╪я▐ пЁп╦пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌п╟п╪п╦ п·п≈пё. п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╠п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© (п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ п╠я▌п╢п╤п╣я┌п╟ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐), п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ я█я┌п╬п╧ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╣, п╢п╩я▐ я┤п╣пЁп╬ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│п╟п╧я┌п╣. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫ п╫п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п╦пЁя─я┐я┬п╣п╨, я├п╣п╩я▄я▌ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╣п╧я┬п╦я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╟ я│п╡п╬п╦я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╫п╟ я│п╟п╪я▀п╣ п╠я▀я│я┌я─я▀п╣ п╡ п╪п╦я─п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─я▀. п▓ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌я│я▐ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ я│ FreeBSD, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ Proliant 5500 п╢п╡я┐я┘п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫я▀п╧ Xeon 450MHz п╦ DPW500a.
+* *3 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:patrick@FreeBSD.org[Patrick Gardella] (JDK/WWW)
+* *2 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:ade@FreeBSD.org[Ade Lovett] (п÷п╬я─я┌я▀)
+* *1 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 2000* п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─: mailto:reg@FreeBSD.org[Jeremy Lea] (п÷п╬я─я┌я▀)
+
+link:..[п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╣п╧]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..81fd6f1bf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/news/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+title: "п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: false
+---
+
+= п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD
+
+[.right]
+image:../../gifs/news.jpg[п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD]
+
+== п°п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦
+
+* *link:newsflash[п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD]*: п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀, п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─я▀, п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀, п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦.
+* *link:../press/pressreleases[п÷я─п╣я│я│-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀]*: п÷я─п╣я│я│-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╧.
+* *link:../press[п║я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦ п╡ п©я─п╣я│я│п╣]*: пёп©п╬п╪п╦п╫п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD п╡ п©п╣я─п╦п╬п╢п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐я┘.
+* *link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/[п·я┌я┤я▒я┌ п╬ п║я┌п╟я┌я┐я│п╟я┘]*: п·я┌я┤п╣я┌ п╬ я│я┌п╟я┌я┐я│п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ FreeBSD (п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╥ п╡ п╢п╡п╟ п╪п╣я│я▐я├п╟).
+
+== п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я│п╟п╧я┌я▀
+
+* *http://slashdot.org/bsd/[п═п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ BSD п╫п╟ я│п╟п╧я┌п╣ Slashdot]*: п║я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╦ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ BSD, п╦ п╫п╣ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ FreeBSD.
+* *http://www.bsdnews.org/[BSDnews]*: п·п╫п╩п╟п╧п╫ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩, я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩п╦п╥п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧я│я▐ п╫п╟ BSD.
+* *http://www.daemonnews.org/[Daemon News]*: п∙п╤п╣п╪п╣я│я▐я┤п╫я▀п╣ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦ п╦ п╣п╤п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫я▀п╣ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╨п╟я│п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ BSD.
+* *http://www.daemonnews.org/newsletter/[Really-Quick(tm) NewsLetter]*: п²п╟ я┌п╬я┌ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╧, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╫п╣я┌ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦.
+* *http://www.freebsddiary.org/[FreeBSD Diary]*: п≈п╟п©п╦я│п╦ п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨п╟ п╬ я│п╡п╬п╦я┘ п©п╬п©я▀я┌п╨п╟я┘ п╦ п╢п╬я│я┌п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐я┘ я│ FreeBSD.
+* *http://www.onlamp.com/bsd/[BSD DevCenter]*: п∙п╢п╦п╫я▀п╧ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╩ ONLamp.com/O'Reilly Network п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╧ п╬ BSD, п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╣п╧, п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╦п╧ п╦п╩п╦ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬п╠я┴п╣пЁп╬ я┘п╟я─п╟п╨я┌п╣я─п╟.
+* *http://www.bsdvault.net[BSD Vault]*: п▓п╣п╠-п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╩, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╧ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ я│п╣п╪п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ BSD.
+* *http://bsdfreak.org[BSD Freak]*: п║п╟п╧я┌, п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│я┌п╟я┌п╣п╧, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│ BSD п╦ п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╦п╧, п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│ я┌п╬я┤п╨п╦ п╥я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐.
+* *http://www.kerneltrap.org[Kerneltrap]*: п∙п╤п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫я▀п╣ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦ п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬ я▐п╢я─п╟я┘ FreeBSD п╦ Linux.
+* *http://www.osnews.com[OSNews]*: п∙п╤п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫я▀п╣ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦ п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬ Linux, BSD п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/newsflash.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/newsflash.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7d4fa3776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/news/newsflash.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD News Flash"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: true
+---
+
+= FreeBSD News Flash
+
+[.right]
+image:../../../gifs/news.jpg[FreeBSD News]
+
+FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╬ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╣п╧я│я▐ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧. п▒я▀я┌я▄ п╡ п╨я┐я─я│п╣ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╨ п╠я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬! п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬, п©п╣я─п╦п╬п╢п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╨п╣. п°п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄, п╡я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╥п╟я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-announce[я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-announce] п╦п╩п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ link:../feed.xml[RSS].
+
+п║п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╣п╧, п╨ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╟я┘ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я│п╬п╠я▀я┌п╦я▐я┘, п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╬я┬п╣п╢я┬п╦я┘ п╡ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟я┘.
+
+* link:../../java[Java(R) п╫п╟ FreeBSD]
+* http://freebsd.kde.org/[KDE п╫п╟ FreeBSD]
+* link:../../gnome[GNOME п╫п╟ FreeBSD]
+
+п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬я┬п╩я▀я┘, п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦я┘ п╦ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╦я┘ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../../releases[*п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘*].
+
+п▒я▌п╩п╩п╣я┌п╣п╫п╦ п©п╬ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ link:../../security/#adv[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ п▒п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/sou1999.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/sou1999.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8e3f43755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/news/sou1999.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+---
+title: "п║п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ FreeBSD, 1999"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: false
+---
+
+= п║п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ FreeBSD, 1999
+
+_п·я┌ п■п╤п╬я─п╢п╟п╫п╟ п╔п╟п╠п╠п╟я─п╢п╟ <jkh@FreeBSD.ORG>, п╡п╬я│п╨я─п╣я│п╣п╫я▄п╣, 10 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 1999 пЁп╬п╢п╟._
+
+п≤я┌п╟п╨, п╢я─я┐п╥я▄я▐, п©п╬п╥п╟п╢п╦ п╬я│я┌п╟п╩я│я▐ п╣я┴п╣ п╬п╢п╦п╫ пЁп╬п╢ п╦ я│п╟п╪п╬п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╬я┌я┤п╦я┌п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╬ п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╢п╣п╩ п╡ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╪ я│п╬я▌п╥п╣!
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+п я┘п╪... п╞ п╫п╦п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╫п╣ п╠я▀п╩ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ я┐п╡п╣я─п╣п╫, п╨п╟п╨ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╫п╬я│п╦я┌я▄ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ я─п╣я┤п╦, п©п╬я┌п╬п╪я┐ я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╟ я┐п╪ п╪п╫п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ п©я─п╦я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ п©я─п╣п╥п╦п╢п╣п╫я┌ п║п╗п░, я│п╦п╢я▐я┴п╦п╧ п©п╣я─п╣п╢ п╨п╟п╪п╦п╫п╬п╪ п╦ п©я▀я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧я│я▐ я─п╟я│я│п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄ п╬ я─п╬я│я┌п╣ я│п╠п╬я─п╟ п╨я┐п╨я┐я─я┐п╥я▀ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╦ п©п╬-п╢п╬п╪п╟я┬п╫п╣п╪я┐, п╦п╩п╦, п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄, п п╬я─п╬п╩п╣п╡п╟ п░п╫пЁп╩п╦п╦ п╡ п═п╬п╤п╢п╣я│я┌п╡п╬, п╥п╟я┤п╦я┌я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╟я▐ я│п╡п╬п╣ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬п╣ я┐п╫я▀п╩п╬п╣ п╦ п╡я▀я─п╟п╤п╟я▌я┴п╣п╣ п╫п╟п╢п╣п╤п╢я┐ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, п╨п╟п╨ я┬п╩п╦ п╢п╣п╩п╟ п╡ п▒я─п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╡ п©я─п╬я┬п╩п╬п╪ пЁп╬п╢я┐ п╦ я┤я┌п╬ п╨п╟п╤п╢я▀п╧ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╡ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╪. п п╬п╫п╣я┤п╫п╬, я▐, п©п╬ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╪я┐ я│я┤п╣я┌я┐, п╫п╣ п©я─п╣п╥п╦п╢п╣п╫я┌ п╦ п╫п╣ п╨п╬я─п╬п╩п╣п╡п╟. я┌п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ п╠я┐п╢я┐ п╨я─п╟я┌п╬п╨ п╦ я│п╨п╬п╫я├п╣п╫я┌я─п╦я─я┐я▌я│я▄ п╫п╟ я┌п╣я┘ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╟я┘ (п╦ я├п╣п╩я▐я┘), п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╬п╥п╫п╟п╪п╣п╫п╬п╡п╟п╩ п╢п╩я▐ п╪п╣п╫я▐ 1998 пЁп╬п╢.
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+1998 п╠я▀п╩, п╨п╬п╫п╣я┤п╫п╬, пЁп╬п╢п╬п╪, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ Internet я│я┌п╟п╩ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ (я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╣ я┐п╢п╦п╡п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬), я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ "п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╫п╣я┌п╡п╬я▐п╤п╣я─я▀" (я┬я┐я┌п╨п╟) я│я┌п╟п╩п╦ п╠п╬пЁп╟я┤п╣, п╟ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ FreeBSD, п╦п╥п╪п╣я─я▐п╣п╪п╬п╣ я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╬п╧ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ п©п╬ ftp, п╡я▀я─п╬я│п╩п╬ п╫п╟ я│п╡п╬п╦ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫я▀п╣ 200-300%. п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡я▀я─п╬я│п╩п╬ я┤п╦я│п╩п╬ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╧, п╡я▀я┬п╣п╢я┬п╦я┘ п╫п╟ п╟я─п╣п╫я┐ FreeBSD, п╨п╟п╨ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╟пЁп╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╡ я│п╣п╠я▐ FreeBSD, п╟ п╪п╟я┘п╬п╡п╦п╨ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ PR-п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀, п╡я│п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╧ п╤п╣ я┘я─я┐п©п╨п╬п╧ п╦ я┌п╦я┘п╬п╧, я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩ п╣я┴п╣ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╬п╠п╬я─п╬я┌. п▓я│п╣ п╨п╟п╨ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬, я█я┌п╬ п╠я▀п╩ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╦п╧ пЁп╬п╢ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD, п╦ я▐ п╫п╣ п╢я┐п╪п╟я▌, я┤я┌п╬ п╢п╟п╤п╣ я│п╟п╪я▀п╧ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ п©п╟я─п╟п╫п╬п╦п╨ п╦п╥ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я│п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬ п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡ - п╨я─п╟я┌п╨п╬ пЁп╬п╡п╬я─я▐, Microsoft п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦п╩п╟ я│п╡п╬п╣, п╫п╟я│ я│я┌п╟п╩п╬ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╦ п╪я▀ я│я┌п╟п╩п╦ п╫п╣п╪п╫п╬п╤п╨п╬ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀, п╤п╦п╥п╫я▄ п╠я▀п╩п╟ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╟.
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+п²я┐, п╡ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╣ я│п╡п╬п╣п╪ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ я┌п╟п╨ п╡я│п╣ п╦ п╠я▀п╩п╬. п║п╫я▐п╡ п╫п╟ я│п╣п╨я┐п╫п╢я┐ я│п╡п╬п╦ я─п╬п╥п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╬я┤п╨п╦, я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я│п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╟ п©я┐я┌п╦ п╡я│я┌я─п╣я┤п╟п╩п╦я│я▄ я┐я┘п╟п╠я▀ п╦ п╫п╣п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬п╡п╬я─п╬я┌я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╩п╦ я│п╬я┘я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я▄ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣. п╔п╬я┌я▐ п╬п╠я┼п╣п╪ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ п╡я▀я─п╬я│, п╫п╣п╩я▄п╥я▐ я│п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╬я┌я─п╟п╥п╦п╩п╬я│я▄ п╫п╟ п©я─п╬п╢п╟п╤п╟я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ я─я▀п╫п╬п╨ CD п╡ я├п╣п╩п╬п╪ я┐п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╦п╩я│я▐ п╡ я│п╡я▐п╥п╦ я│ п╡п╬п╥я─п╬я│я┬п╦п╪п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌я▀ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ Internet, п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╩п╦я┬п╦п╩п╬ CD п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╦я┘ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╡п╩п╣п╨п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я┤п╣я─я┌. п°я▀ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢п╣п╩п╦ п╫п╟ я└п╬п╫п╣ п©п╬я│я┌п╣п©п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┐п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─я▀п╫п╨п╟, п╬п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╠я▀ пЁп╩я┐п©п╬ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╢п╣я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╣п╢п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╟ п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я└п╦п╫п╟п╫я│п╬п╡п╬п╧ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╠я▀ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╣п╫я▄п╨п╬ я│п╪п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╩п╟ я┬п╣я│я┌п╣я─п╣п╫п╨п╦ п╫п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ (п╡ 1998 п╪я▀, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, я┐п╡п╣п╩п╦я┤п╦п╩п╦ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┤п╣п╪ п╡ п╢п╡п╟ я─п╟п╥п╟ п╡я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─ п╡ я│п╣я┌п╦ FreeBSD.org п╦ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦п╩п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я┐ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ пЁя─п╟п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╟ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я┬п╦я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡, п╡я│п╣пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ я│я┌п╬п╦я┌ $$$). п■п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ п╬я┤п╣п╡п╦п╢п╫п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Walnut Creek CDROM п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я┐п╡п╣п╩п╦я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╬п╡, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╬п╫п╟ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡п╣я│п╬п╪я▀п╪ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪ п╦пЁя─я▀ п©п╬п╢ п╫п╟п╥п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ FreeBSD, п╟ п╪я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀, п╨п╟п╨ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌, п©я─п╬я▐п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ пЁп╦п╠п╨п╬я│я┌я▄ п╢п╩я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ я┌п╦п©п╬п╡ я│п╬я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ я│ я┌п╣п╪п╦, п╨я┌п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╥п╟п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╡ я┐я│п©п╣я┘п╣ FreeBSD. п°я▀ я┐п╤п╣ п©я─п╬я┬п╩п╦ я┌п╬я┤п╨я┐, пЁп╢п╣ п╪п╬пЁп╩п╦ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╬п©п╩п╬я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╣я─я▄п╣п╥п╫я▀я┘ п╦ п©п╣я─я│п©п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╦п╢п╣п╧, п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╫п╟ пЁп╬п╩п╬п╪ п╤п╣п╩п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╦ я█п╫я┌я┐п╥п╦п╟п╥п╪п╣ п╢п╬п╠я─п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄я├п╣п╡.
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+п÷п╬п╢я┐п╪п╟п╡ п╫п╟п╢ я█я┌п╦п╪, п╪я▀ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╩п╦ я│п╟п╧я┌я▀ я┌п╦п©п╟ http://www.freebsdmall.com[FreeBSD Mall] п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п©я▀я┌п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╬п©я─п╬п╠п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦пЁп╟я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╦п╧ я│п©п╣п╨я┌я─ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╬п╡, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│ FreeBSD, п╦ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╪я▀ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╡я▐п╥п╦ я│ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п╡я▀пЁп╬п╢я┐ п╬я┌ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ PR-п╨п╟п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я─п╣п©я┐я┌п╟я├п╦я▌ FreeBSD (п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢: п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦п╪, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п╫п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬пЁп╩п╦ п╥п╟п©п╩п╟я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╥п╟ я█я┌п╬ :). п▓я│п╣ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧ п╬я│п╬п╥п╫п╟я▌я┌, я┤я┌п╬, п╨ я│п╬п╤п╟п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌, я┐я│п©п╣я┘ п╡ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╠п╦п╥п╫п╣я│п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫ п╫п╟ 10% я│п╬п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╧ п╦ п╫п╟ 90% п╫п╣п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╪п╦ п©п╬п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪п╦ я└п╟п╨я┌п╬я─п╟п╪п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▐я▌я┌ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╬п╫п╦ п╢п╡п╦п╤я┐я┌я│я▐ п╨п╟п╨ п╠п╣п╥п╪п╬п╥пЁп╩я▀п╣ п╪п╟п╩п╣п╫я▄п╨п╦п╣ п╬п╡п╣я┤п╨п╦, п╦, п╫п╣п╫п╟п╡п╦п╢я▐ п╦я┘ п╥п╟ я█я┌п╬, п╡п╟п╪ п╡я│п╣ п╤п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟я┌я▄ я┌п╣п╫п╢п╣п╫я├п╦п╦ п╦ я┬п╟п╠п╩п╬п╫я▀ п╡ п©п╬п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╬п╫п╦ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ п╢п╣п╩п╬ я│ я┤п╣п╪-я┌п╬, п╡ я┤п╣п╪ п╬п╫п╦ я│п╬п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╥п╠п╦я─п╟я▌я┌я│я▐. п°я▀ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩п╦ п╡п╣я│я▄п╪п╟ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬я┐я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ п╡ п©п╩п╟п╫п╣ я│п╬п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╧, я█я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┌п╟п╨ (п╦ п╪я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я█я┌п╦п╪ пЁп╬я─п╢п╦я┌я▄я│я▐), п╫п╬ п╡я│п╣ п╤п╣ п╪я▀ я│п╩п╦я┬п╨п╬п╪ я┤п╟я│я┌п╬ п©п╟я│я┐п╣п╪ п©п╣я─п╣п╢ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪п╦ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟п╪п╦, п╥п╟я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╢я┐п╪п╟я┌я▄ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, я┤я┌п╬ п╥п╟ п╣я─я┐п╫п╢я┐ п╬п╫п╦ я┘п╬я┌я▐я┌. п÷п╩п╬я┘п╦п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╟я─п╦! п▒п╩п╦п╥п╬я─я┐п╨п╦п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╟я─п╦! :-)
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+п╖я┌п╬ п╤п╣ п╪я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌я▄ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╣ п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╣я┴п╣п╧ п╡ 1999? п²я┐, я▐ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я│п╩я▀я┬п╟п╩ п╫п╟я┬п╦я┘ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡, п╡п╥я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╬ п╩п╬пЁп╦я│я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╣ ("п░я─я┘п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п©п╦п╦! п²п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫я▀ _п╟я─я┘п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п©п╦п╦_!!"), п╦ я▐ п©я─п╦я│п╩я┐я┬п╦п╡п╟п╩я│я▐ п╨ п╫п╦п╪, я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ п╪п╬п╦я┘ п©п╩п╟п╫п╬п╡ п╫п╟ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ пЁп╬п╢ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╬ я│ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ я├п╦я└я─п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╬п╡ (п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ я▐ я┐п╤п╣ п╥п╟п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩), п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ я│я┌п╟я┌п╣п╧ я│ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╪п╦ я│я─п╟п╡п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪п╦ я┌п╟п╠п╩п╦я┤п╨п╟п╪п╦ ("FreeBSD п╦ NT", "FreeBSD п╦ Solaris", "FreeBSD п╦ Linux", п╦ я┌п╢.) п╦ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╣п╨п╩п╟п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐. п°я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣п╪ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╪п╟я─п╨п╣я┌п╦п╫пЁп╬п╡я▀п╣ я┬я┌я┐я┤п╨п╦ я┌п╦п©п╟ п╨п╫п╬п©п╬п╨, п╫п╟п╨п╩п╣п╣п╨, п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я└я┐я┌п╠п╬п╩п╬п╨ п╦ я┌п╢., я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╩я▌п╢я▐п╪ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╦п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п╡п╣я┴п╣п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪п╦ п╬п╫п╦ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ пЁп╬я─п╢п╦я┌я▄я│я▐, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▐ "п©п╬я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦п╧я│я▐ я└п╣п╫п╬п╪п╣п╫ FreeBSD". п∙я│п╩п╦ п╪я▀ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣п╪ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п©п╬п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╢п╣п╫п╣пЁ п╫п╟ PR, п╡я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣п╪, п╫п╟п╡п╣я─п╫п╬п╣, п╨я┐п©п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ я┬я┌я┐п╨п╦ п╬п©я┌п╬п╪ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥п╢п╟я┤п╦ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ я│я┐п╡п╣п╫п╦я─п╬п╡ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ я─п╣п╨п╩п╟п╪п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐я┘. п я─п╬п╪п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я▐ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡ п╡я▀я│п╩я┐я┬п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╟я┬п╦ п©п╬п╤п╣п╩п╟п╫п╦я▐. п²п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╟ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╟я▐ я─п╣п╨п╩п╟п╪п╫п╟я▐ п╨п╟п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╫п╟я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬, п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╣ я├п╣п╩п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╟п╨я│п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╟ п©я─п╦ п╬пЁя─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╣п╫п╫п╬п╪ п╠я▌п╢п╤п╣я┌п╣.
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+== п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╟я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡:
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+1998 я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╥п╟п╨п╬п╫я┤п╦п╩я│я▐ п╫п╣п╨п╦п╪ я│п╨п╟п╫п╢п╟п╩п╬п╪, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ я│ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ я─п╟п╥п╬я┤п╟я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪ п╠п╣п╥п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╬п╧ п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╩п╬ п╨ я┌п╬п╪я┐, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╠п╬я─п╬п╢п╟я┌я▀я┘ п╢п╟я┌я│п╨п╦я┘ п╡п╦п╨п╦п╫пЁп╬п╡ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╦я│я▄ п╡ п©п╬п╩я┐п╫п╬я┤п╫я▀п╧ я─п╣п╧п╢ п╫п╟ -current, п╠п╣п╥п╤п╟п╩п╬я│я┌п╫п╬ п╡я▀я─я┐п╠п╟я▐ п©п╩п╬я┘п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╢ п╦ п╡я│я▐п╨п╬пЁп╬ я─п╬п╢п╟ п╩п╟п╪п╣я─я│я┌п╡п╬ п╦п╥ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. п  я│п╬п╤п╟п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌, п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я┤п╟я│я┌п╦ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟ я┌п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╡я│п╣ п╣я┴п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩п╬я│я▄ п╦ п╠п╣п╥ п©я─п╣п╢п╡п╟я─п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я┐п╠п╩п╦я┤п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ -current п╡я│п╣ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п©п╬я┘п╬п╤п╣ п╫п╟ я│п╡п╣я┌ я─п╬п╤п╢п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫я│п╨п╦я┘ п©я─п╟п╥п╢п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡. п≤я┘ п╤п╟п╩п╬п╠я▀ п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╩п╦, п╡ п╦я┌п╬пЁп╣, п╨ п╫п╣п╨п╬п╣п╪я┐ п╨п╬п╫я│я┌п╦я┌я┐я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╪я┐ п╨я─п╦п╥п╦я│я┐ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╦ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀, я│п╬п©п╣я─п╫п╦я┤п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╦я─п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╬п╠п╡п╦п╫я▐п╩п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁ п╢я─я┐пЁп╟ п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╡ я┌п╬я─п╪п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╣я│я│п╟ п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╨п╬п╡п╠п╬п╧я│п╨п╬п╧ я┌п╟п╨я┌п╦п╨п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╣я│я│п╟, п╦ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╟я▐ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╦я─п╬п╡п╨п╟ п╦п╪п╣п╩п╟ п╨п╟п╨ п╡п©п╬п╩п╫п╣ п╥п╟п╨п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╟я─пЁя┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ я│п╬п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╫п╣п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╣. п≤я│я┘п╬п╢я▐ п╦я┘ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬, п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╬я┬п╣п╩ п╬п╠п╪п╣п╫ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╪п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╨п╟я│п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ п╪я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣п╪ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ "я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я┐я▌ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я┐", я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╡п╣я┴п╦ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╪п╬пЁп╩п╦ я│п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ (п╦п╩п╦, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╬п╫п╦ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐, я█я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╬п╧, п©п╬я┌п╬п╪я┐ я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╟я│ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄ я┐п╤п╣ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ :-). п╦ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦я┘ п╦п╥ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╩п╣п╨п╟я─я│я┌п╡ п╠я▀п╩п╬ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╬, п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╦ я┘я┐п╤п╣ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫п╦. п≤ п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧ я┐я─п╬п╨ п╪я▀ п╦п╥п╡п╩п╣п╨п╩п╦ п╦п╥ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬?
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+п▓п╬-п©п╣я─п╡я▀я┘, я▐ п╢я┐п╪п╟я▌, п╡я│п╣ я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟я▌я┌, я┤я┌п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢п╨п╦ п╫п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣п╪, п╫п╣п╡п╟п╤п╫п╬, я─п╟п╢п╦ я┤п╣пЁп╬ п╬п╫п╦ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐. п▓я│я▐п╨п╦п╧, п╨я┌п╬ п╥п╟п╢я┐п╪я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╦п╩п╦ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╨п╟п╨п╦я┘-п╩п╦п╠п╬ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╧ п╦п╥ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟, п■п·п⌡п√п∙п² п©я─п╣п╢п╡п╟я─п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╣п╫я▄п╨п╬ п╬п╠я│я┐п╢п╦я┌я▄ я│п╡п╬п╦ п╫п╟п╪п╣я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│ я┤п╦я┌п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪п╦ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ -current, -stable п╦п╩п╦ -announce (п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╣ п╢п╡п╟ п╡ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я┌ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╦, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╢п╣п╩п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╟ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╧ п╡ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я┌ я│я┌п╣п©п╣п╫п╦ п╡п╟п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╡п╫п╬я│п╦п╪я▀я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧), п╢п╟п╡ п╦п╪ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌п╟. п∙я│п╩п╦ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣п╪п╬п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╬я┌я─п╦я├п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╬я┌п╨п╩п╦п╨, п╬п╫п╬ п╫п╣ п╡п╫п╬я│п╦я┌я│я▐, п╢п╬ я┌п╣я┘ п©п╬я─, п©п╬п╨п╟ п╫п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╬п╠п╩п╟п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╫п╟я▐ я┌п╬я┤п╨п╟ п╥я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣я┌я│я▐ п╟п╠я│п╬п╩я▌я┌п╫п╬ я┐п╠п╣п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╟я─пЁя┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╡ п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╤п╣ я─п╣п╟п╨я├п╦я▐ п╫п╣п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╩п╦ п╬п╫п╟ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌. я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨ п╡п╬п╩п╣п╫ п©п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╨ п╣п╪я┐ п╥п╟п╠п╩п╟пЁп╬я─п╟я│я│я┐п╢п╦я┌я│я▐, п╫п╬ п╬п╫ п╦п╩п╦ п╬п╫п╟ п╫п╦п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╫п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╥п╟п╠я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬п╪ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╦ я│п╡п╬п╦я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧.
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+п▓п╬-п╡я┌п╬я─я▀я┘, п╡ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌ п╫п╟ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣п╪ п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╩п╦п╨п╡п╦п╢п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я┐я▌ пЁя─я┐п©п©я┐, п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╡я▀п╠п╦я─п╟я┌я▄ п╣п╣ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪, п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▄я┌п╣ п╪п╫п╣ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╥п╟я▐п╡п╦я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌. п▓ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╣ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я│ я─п╟п╢п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╬я┌я│я┌я┐п©я▐я┌ п╦ п╡я▀п╧п╢я┐я┌ п╦п╥ п╫п╣п╣, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╬п╫п╦ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ я┐п╡п╣я─п╣п╫я▀ я┤я┌п╬ п╦п╪ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣п╫п╟ п╟п╢п╣п╨п╡п╟я┌п╫п╟я▐ п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫п╟ п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╦я┘ я─я┐п╨п╟я┘, п╫п╬ п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪я┐ п╦п╥ п╫п╟я│ п╫п╣ п╫я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я│я▐ я│п╦я┌я┐п╟я├п╦я▐, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╨п╬пЁп╬-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╫п╟я│п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я┌ п╦п╥ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╪п╣я┌п╬п╢ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╣ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╟п╩я▄я┌п╣я─п╫п╟я┌п╦п╡. п╦ я▐, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬я┤п╦я┌п╟я▌ п╡п╟я─п╦п╟п╫я┌, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╟я▐ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ я┐п╡п╣п╩п╦я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐, п╦ п╫п╣п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╪ я┤п╩п╣п╫п╟п╪ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬я┌п©п╟п╢п╟я┌я▄, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╬п╫п╦ я│п╟п╪п╦ п©я─п╦п╢я┐я┌ п╨ п╥п╟п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▌, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╦ п╫п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╦я┤п╣пЁп╬ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╟ "я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀", п╨ я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╤п╣ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢ п╦п╥ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦я┘ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п╦ п╫п╣ п╥п╟п©я─п╣я┌п╦я┌ п╦п╪ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я┌я▄ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я▀п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀.
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+п°я▀ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪я│я▐ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╟п╪п╦ п╠п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟, п╦ п©я─п╣п╠я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╣ п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪я┐ п╫п╣ п╬п©п╩п╟я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐, п╫п╣п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬ п╬я┌ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦п╧ п╪я▀ п©я─п╦п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣п╪, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╤п╫п╬п╣, п╦ п╪я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п©п╬п╪п╫п╦я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я│п╣ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟п╩п╬я│я▄ п╨п╟п╨ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ я┘п╬я┌п╣п╩п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ я┤п╣пЁп╬-п╫п╦п╠я┐п╢я▄ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╦ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╫п╬пЁп╬. п■п╣п╫я▄, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╪я▀ я┐я┌я─п╟я┌п╦п╪ я█я┌я┐ п╫п╣я└п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п╟я┌п╪п╬я│я└п╣я─я┐ я│п╬я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟, я│я┌п╟п╫п╣я┌ п╢п╫п╣п╪, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╨п╬я│я┌я▐я┘ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ я┐я┌я─п╟я┌п╦я┌ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬ п╡п╣я│я▄п╪п╟ п╡п╟п╤п╫п╬п╣, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я│я┌п╟п╫п╣я┌ п╢п╫п╣п╪, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ я▐ я─п╟п╥п╬я┤п╟я─я┐я▌я│я▄ п╡п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪ я█я┌п╬п╪, п╡п╬п╥я▄п╪я┐ я│п╡п╬я▌ я┬п╩я▐п©я┐ п╦ п©п╬п╤п╣п╩п╟я▌ п╡я│п╣п╪ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ я┐п╢п╟я┤п╦.
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+п╞ п╪п╬пЁя┐ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡я▀я│п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣, п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п©п╬я┘п╬п╤п╣п╣ п╫п╟ п╬п©п╟я│п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╬п╠ п╦п╢п╣п╣ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п╦п╥ п╫п╟я┬п╦я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╦п╩п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я─п╟я│я│п╪п╟я┌я─п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╨п╟п╨ "я┬п╨п╬п╩п╟ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌п╬я─п╟я┌п╟", п╨п╟п╨ п╠я▀ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п╦ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╨я─п╟я┌п╦я┤п╫п╬ п╬п╫п╟ п╫п╦ п╥п╡я┐я┤п╟п╩п╟. п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╟я▐ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╫п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╨я─п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╡я▀п╠я─п╟п╫п╫п╬п╣ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬, я█я┌п╟ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟ п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╫п╟ я│п╟п╪п╬п╪ п╢п╣п╩п╣ я└п╬я─п╪п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟я│я▄ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ я│п╨я─я┐п©я┐п╩п╣п╥п╫п╬ п╦ п╡п╣я│я▄п╪п╟ п╫п╣ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╨я─п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╪. п°я▀ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟п╩п╦ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я┐я▌ пЁя─я┐п©п©я┐ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п╫п╟ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╩п╟ п©п╣я│я┌я─п╬п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ я┌я─я┐п╢я▐пЁ п╣п╡п╟п╫пЁп╣п╩п╦я│я┌п╬п╡/я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╪я▀ п╥п╫п╟п╣п╪, п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╦ п╪я▀ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╟п╣п╪ я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╪п╣я┌п╬п╢п╦п╨п╣.
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+п▓п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п╨п╬пЁп╬-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я┐я▌ пЁя─я┐п©п©я┐, п╪я▀ п╫п╣ я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦п╪, п╫п╣ п╡я▀п╦пЁя─я▀п╡п╟п╩ п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬я┌ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨ п©я─п╦п╥ п╥я─п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╦я┘ я│п╦п╪п©п╟я┌п╦п╧ п╫п╣п╢п╟п╡п╫п╬ п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╠п╣п╤п╢п╟п╩ п╩п╦ п╬п╫ п╡ п·п╩п╦п╪п©п╦п╟п╢п╟я┘ п©п╬ п÷я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ 3 я─п╟п╥п╟ п©п╬п╢я─я▐п╢, п╫п╬ п╪я▀ я│п©я─п╟я┬п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪ я│п╟п╪п╦ я│п╣п╠я▐: "п÷я─п╦п╡п╫п╣я│п╣я┌ п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬я┌ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨ п╬я─п╦пЁп╦п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╡п╨п╩п╟п╢ п╦п╩п╦ я┌п╬я┤п╨я┐ п╥я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ пЁя─я┐п©п©я┐? п▒я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╩п╦ п╦я┌п╬пЁ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣, я┤п╣п╪ я│я┐п╪п╪п╟ п╣п╣ я┤п╟я│я┌п╣п╧?" п╜я┌п╦ п╡п╣я│я▄п╪п╟ п╡п╥п╟п╦п╪п╬п©п╣я─п╣я│п╣п╨п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐, п╫п╟ я│п╟п╪п╬п╪ п╢п╣п╩п╣, п╣п╢п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦, п╫п╟ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪я▀ п╬п©п╦я─п╟п╣п╪я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╫п╟ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┐я┘п╬п╢п╟ п╨п╬пЁп╬-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╦п╥ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀. п°я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣п╪ п╢п╬п╩пЁп╬ п╦пЁп╫п╬я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨п╟, п╫п╬ п╫п╣ п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ я█я┌п╬ п╨п╟я│п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ п╦п╩п╦ п╦я│п╨п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╫я│п╣п╫я│я┐я│ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ я│п╟п╪я▀п╪п╦ п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡п╬п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╪п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦, п╫п╟п╢ я┤п╣п╪ п╪я▀ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╬п╩пЁп╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╩п╦. п╔п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╠я▀ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я┐ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧, п©я─п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╦ п╪я▀ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣п╪ я█я┌п╬ (п╡я│п╣п╪п╦ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╟п╪п╦), п╫п╬ п╦п╫п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╣я┴п╣ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п©п╬я─п╟ я│п╬п╧я┌п╦ п╦ я┐п╠п╣п╢п╦я┌я▄я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╟пЁп╬п╫ п╡я│п╣ п╣я┴п╣ я│я┌п╬п╦я┌ п╫п╟ я─п╣п╩я▄я│п╟я┘. п°я▀ п╦п╥п╠п╣п╤п╦п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣п╡ пЁп╬я─п╟п╥п╢п╬ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣п╧ пЁп╩я┐п©п╬я│я┌п╦, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╠я┐п╢п╣п╪ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п©п╣я│я┌я─я┐я▌ п╦ я┌я┴п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╬я┌п╬п╠я─п╟п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я┐я▌ пЁя─я┐п©п©я┐, п╨п╟п╨п╟я▐ я│п╣п╧я┤п╟я│ я┐ п╫п╟я│ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐, п╦ я▐ п╫п╣ п╡п╣я─я▌, я┤я┌п╬ п╡ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╣ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╨я─п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╟ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╦я┘ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╬п╡ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╢п╬я│я┌п╦пЁп╫я┐я┌ я┌п╬я┌ п╤п╣ я│п╟п╪я▀п╧ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌.
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+п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╟я▐ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╟п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╢ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╨п╬п╣-п╨п╟п╨п╦я┘ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫п╣пЁп╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╣п╧я┬п╦п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▐я┌я▄, п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣ п©я─п╟п╡п╟ п╪я▀ п╦п╪п╣п╣п╪ п╨п╟п╨ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀, п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦я┘ п╨я┐я│п╨п╬п╡ п╨п╬п╢п╟ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╦, п╦ я█я┌п╦ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╧ п©я─п╦п╬я─п╦я┌п╣я┌, я┤п╣п╪ п╩я▌п╠я▀п╣ "п©я─п╦п╡п╦п╩п╣пЁп╦п╦ я┤п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀". п°я▀ я─п╟п╥п╬я┬п╩п╣п╪ я█я┌п╦ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩я▀ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟п╪, п╨п╟п╨ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣п╪ п╬п╨п╬п╫я┤п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┐п╢п╬п╡п╩п╣я┌п╡п╬я─п╣п╫я▀ п╦я┘ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╪я▀п╪, п╫п╬, п╡ п╢п╡я┐я┘ я│п╩п╬п╡п╟я┘, п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪ п╬п╫ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦ п©я─п╣п╢я┐п©я─п╣п╤п╢п╟п╩п╦я│я▄ п©п╣я─п╣п╢ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪п╦ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╦ я┤я┌п╬ я┘п╬п╥я▐п╦п╫ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ я┤п╟я│я┌п╦ п╨п╬п╢п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ я│п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄ я│п╡п╬п╣ я│п╩п╬п╡п╬ п╨п╟я│п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╫п╟я│я┌п╟п╩п╬ п╩п╦ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ я┐п╫п╦я┤я┌п╬п╤п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬я┌ п╨п╬п╢ п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п╫п╣п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦п╩п╦ п╦п╥п╠я▀я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦. п²п╟п╨п╬п╫п╣я├, п╪я▀ я─п╟я│я│п╪п╟я┌я─п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪ п╬п╠я┴п╦п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ п╡п╥п╟п╦п╪п╬п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я▐ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╦ п╦ п╡п╫п╣ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я┐я▌ пЁя─я┐п©п©я┐ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я┤п╩п╣п╫п╬п╡. п╜я┌п╬ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡я│п╣ п╣я┴п╣ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦ я▐ п©п╬я│я┌п╟я─п╟я▌я│я▄ п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╡ п╨я┐я─я│п╣ п©я─п╬п╦я│я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧.
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+== п²я┐п╪п╣я─п╟я├п╦я▐ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡:
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+п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╪ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ я│п╨п╬я─п╬ п©я─п╬я▐п╡п╦я┌я│я▐, я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╬п╥п╡я─п╟я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦п╨п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ "я│я┌п╟я─я┬п╦я┘" п╫п╬п╪п╣я─п╬п╡ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╣я┌п╬п╨, п╟ "п╪п╩п╟п╢я┬п╦я┘" п╢п╩я▐ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡, п©п╬п╩п╣ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─п╟ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╬я┌п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦ я┌п╬я┤п╨п╟-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╢п╣п╩п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫п╟п╪, п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥. п╜я┌п╬ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╪ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ 3.1, п╟ п╫п╣ 3.0.1, п╦ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╬п╧ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я▐п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ 4.0-current, п╟ п╫п╣ 3.1-current. п╞п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╪п╟я─п╨п╣я┌п╦п╫пЁп╬п╡я▀п╪ я┘п╬п╢п╬п╪? п▓п╬п╡я│п╣ п╫п╣я┌, я┘п╬я┌я▐ п╪п╟я─п╨п╣я┌п╦п╫пЁп╬п╡я▀п╣ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫я▀ я┤п╟я│я┌п╬ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦п╩п╦ п╨ п╫п╣я┐п╢п╟я┤п╟п╪ п©я─п╦ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ я│я┘п╣п╪п╣ п╫я┐п╪п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╦.
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+п°я▀ п╥п╟я┤п╟я│я┌я┐я▌ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩п╦ я│п╩п╦я┬п╨п╬п╪ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ п╫п╟я┬п╦п╪п╦ "я┌п╬я┤п╨п╟-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟п╪п╦", п©я─я▀п╤п╨п╦ я┌п╦п©п╟ 2.2.5->2.2.6 п╦ 2.2.6->2.2.7 п╠я▀п╩п╦ пЁп╬я─п╟п╥п╢п╬ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣, я┤п╣п╪ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╩п╬, п╦п╪п╣я▐ п╡ п╡п╦п╢я┐, я┤я┌п╬ п©я─п╦ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╪п╣п╫я▐п╩я│я▐ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╩п╦я┬я▄ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐. п·п╢п╫п╬ я█я┌п╟ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╣ я│п╡п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п╫п╟я┌я┐я─я▀ я┐п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╟п╩п╬ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я█я┌п╦я┘ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ п╦ п╬п╠п╣я│я├п╣п╫п╦п╡п╟п╩п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐, я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╫п╟я┬п╦п╪п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪п╦ п╡ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╣ п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┐я│п╬п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ _п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬пЁп╬_ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╪я▀ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟п╣п╪, п╫п╣п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬ п╬я┌ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╡ п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╣ п╬п╫ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌я│я▐.
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+п╜я┌п╟ п©п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨п╟ п╪п╣п╫я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌, п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ я▐ я┤я┐п╡я│я┌п╡я┐я▌ я│п╣п╠я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ я┐п╡п╣я─п╣п╫п╫п╬, пЁп╬п╡п╬я─я▐, я┤я┌п╬ 3.1 п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ "п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╪ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╪", п╥п╟п╪п╣я┴п╟я▌я┴п╦п╪ 3.0, п╟ п╫п╣ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ "3.0.1", п╨п╟п╨ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐. п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╡п╟п╤п╫п╬ п╬я┌п╪п╣я┌п╦я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╟я┬п╦ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ я┌п╣я─я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬ п╡ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ 12-18 п╪п╣я│я▐я├п╣п╡, я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╡п╟п╤п╫п╬, я┤я┌п╬ я─п╟п╫п╣п╣ п╪я▀ п©я▀я┌п╟п╩п╦я│я▄ я┐п╠п╦я┌я▄ п╡п╣я┌п╨я┐, я┐п╡п╣п╩п╦я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│я┌п╟я─я┬п╣пЁп╬ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─п╟ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ (4.0) п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╬ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╫п╣ п╬п╠я─п╣я┌п╣я┌ я│я┌п╟я┌я┐я│ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬пЁп╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟ п╢п╬ 2000 пЁп╬п╢п╟. п╜я┌п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩п╦я┌ п╩я▌п╢я▐п╪, п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟я▌я┴п╦п╪я│я▐ п╪п╟я─п╨п╣я┌п╦п╫пЁп╬п╪, я┤я┐п╡я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╣п╠я▐ я│я┤п╟я│я┌п╩п╦п╡я▀п╪п╦, п©п╬я┌п╬п╪я┐ я┤я┌п╬ п╦п╪ п╫п╣ п©я─п╦п╢п╣я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╥п╠п╦я─п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я│ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─п╟п╪п╦ п╦ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я█я┌п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌ я│я┤п╟я│я┌я▄я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪, п©п╬я┌п╬п╪я┐ я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╦ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я┌ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я▐я│п╫я┐я▌ п╨п╟я─я┌п╦п╫я┐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╦п╩п╬я│я▄, я│п╨п╟п╤п╣п╪, п╡ 3.2 п©п╬ я│я─п╟п╡п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌ я│ 3.1 п╦ п╡ 3.1.1 п©п╬ я│я─п╟п╡п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌ я│ 3.1 (п╟ я█я┌п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡п╟п╤п╫я▀п╪ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦п╪я│я▐ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀). п╜я┌п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╬я│я┤п╟я│я┌п╩п╦п╡п╦я┌ п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟, п©п╬я┌п╬п╪я┐ я┤я┌п╬ я┐ п╪п╣п╫я▐ я│п╫п╬п╡п╟ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╫я┐п╪п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╬я┤п╨п╟-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡. п╜я┌п╬ я▐п╡п╫я▀п╧ п©п╩я▌я│ п╦ п╪я▀ я█я┌п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣п╪. 3.0.1 я┐п╪п╣я─п╩п╟, п╢п╟ п╥п╢я─п╟п╡я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ 3.1! :)
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+== п╒п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦:
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+п▓ п©я─п╬я┬п╣п╢я┬п╣п╪ пЁп╬п╢я┐ п╪я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫п╟п╠п╩я▌п╢п╟п╩п╦ я┐я│п©п╣я┬п╫я▀п╧ п©п╣я─п╣я┘п╬п╢ п╫п╟ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ ELF я│ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╟ a.out п╦ п©п╬я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│я┘п╣п╪я▀ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╣п╧ я▐п╢я─п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦ п╡п╫п╣ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я┌ /usr/bin/ld п╫п╟ я█я┌п╟п©п╣ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐. п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╪я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я┤п╦п╨ (я│ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п©я─п╣я┌п╟я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╟ п╓п╬я─я┌!) п╢п╩я▐ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ "я▐п╢я─п╟" п╡п╬ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦. п╜я┌п╦ п╢п╡п╟ п╪п╬я┴п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪п╟, п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╪п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©п╬я▐п╡я▐я┌я│я▐ п╡ 1999, п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╪ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╢п╦п╫п╟п╪п╦я┤п╫п╬ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴я┐я▌я│я▐ п╦ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─я▐я▌я┴я┐я▌я│я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐, я┤п╣п╪ п╪я▀ п╦п╪п╣п╩п╦ я─п╟п╫п╣п╣.
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+п²п╣п╩я▄п╥я▐ п╫п╣ я┐п©п╬п╪я▐п╫я┐я┌я▄ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╬ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ SCSI CAM, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╪ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╫п╟п╢п╣п╤п╫я┐я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ я│ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╪п╦ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀п╪п╦ п╪п╟я│я│п╦п╡п╟п╪п╦ п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ я│ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─п╬п╡ SCSI, п╦п╩п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ п╡ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╣ x86. п°я▀ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩п╦ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ я┬п╟пЁ п╡п©п╣я─п╣п╢, п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╡ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ 3.0, п╫п╟п╨п╬п╫п╣я├ п╢п╬я│я┌п╦пЁп╫я┐п╡ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╧ я┌п╬я┤п╨п╦ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я│ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╬п╧ Alpha, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦ я│я┌п╟п╩п╦ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╥п╟п╠п╬я┌п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╬ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, я┤п╣п╪ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╧ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╦п╩п╦ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ /usr/src. п╜я┌п╬ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╣я│я│ п╡п©п╣я─п╣п╢ п©п╬ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╨ "п©п╬-п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╣п╪я┐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪п╬п╪я┐" я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я┐, п╦ я▐ п╫п╟п╢п╣я▌я│я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╡ 1999 пЁп╬п╢я┐ п╡я▀п╧п╢п╣я┌ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я├п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD/axp п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣пЁп╬ п╪п╣я│я┌п╟ (п╫п╣ пЁп╬п╡п╬я─я▐ я┐п╤ п╬ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟я┘), я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я│ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╣п╧ X Window п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┌ я│я┤п╦я┌п╟я┌я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤я┐я▌ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я┐ Alpha п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣я┘п╬п╧ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦я┌п╦я▐, п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╣я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟ ARC п╦п╩п╦ AlphaBIOS. п▓ 1999 пЁп╬п╢я┐ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я┐п╡п╦п╢п╣я┌я▄ я│п╡п╣я┌ п©я─п╣п╢п╡п╟я─п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ п╢п╩я▐ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ SPARC, я┘п╬я┌я▐ я│п╣п╧я┤п╟я│ п╣я┴п╣ я│п╩п╦я┬п╨п╬п╪ я─п╟п╫п╬ пЁп╬п╡п╬я─п╦я┌я▄ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣. п÷я─п╦я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫я▐п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╪я┐ я│п©п╦я│п╨я┐ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ sparc@FreeBSD.org, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡ п╨я┐я─я│п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌ п©п╬ я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌.
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+п╒п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ IPv6 п╦ IPSec п╠я▀п╩п╦ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╟п╣п╪я▀п╪п╦ я┌п╣п╪п╟п╪п╦ п╡ 1998 пЁп╬п╢я┐, п╬я┌п╨п╟п╥ п╬я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ FreeBSD п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧-я┌п╬ п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫п╬п╧ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╪п╦ п╠я▀п╩ п╡п╬я│п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌ п╨п╟п╨ я│п╡п╣я─я┘п╨п╬п╫я│п╣я─п╡п╟я┌п╦п╥п╪ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡. п  я│я┤п╟я│я┌я▄я▌ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘, п╫п╟я┬п╟ п©п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨п╟ "п╤п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╦ я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣я┌я▄" п╬п©я─п╟п╡п╢п╟п╩п╟ я│п╣п╠я▐ п╦ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬я┌ я─п╟п╥, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╢п╡п╣ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀я┘ "п╨п╬п╫п╨я┐я─п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘" пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀, KAME п╦ INRIA, п╡ п╨п╬п╫я├п╣ п╨п╬п╫я├п╬п╡ я─п╣я┬п╦п╩п╦ п╬п╠я┼п╣п╢п╦п╫п╦я┌я▄ я│п╡п╬п╦ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦. п▓ п╦я┌п╬пЁп╣ п╪я▀ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟п╣п╪я│я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╬п╠я┼п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▌ п╦ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨ п╦п╥ пЁя─я┐п©п© KAME/INRIA п╡п╩п╦п╩п╦я│я▄ п╡ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я┐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п╨п╬п╢п╟ п©п╬ п╪п╣я─п╣ п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐.
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+п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п©п╣я─п╣п╢ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟п╢ VM-п©п╬п╢я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧ п╦ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╢ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╡ п╪п╟п╩п╣п╫я▄п╨п╦я┘ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟я┘ (Dillon/Dyson/Greenman), п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╦ 4.0, п©п╬п╨п╟ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╥п╟п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╟ 15 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 1999. п╖я┌п╬ п╨п╟я│п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╨, я┌п╬ я┐ п╫п╟я│ п©я─п╦п©п╟я│п╣п╫п╬ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╡п╫п╬ п╦ я│ п╫п╣я┌п╣я─п©п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╦п╥п╟п╧п╫п╟ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╟ п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╩ Kazu п╦ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╬ п╡ -current п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ USB п╠п╩п╟пЁп╬п╢п╟я─я▐ п²п╦п╨я┐ п╔п╦п╪п╠п╣ (Nick Hibma) п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪. п╞ п╫п╟п╥п╡п╟п╩ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╩п╦я┬я▄ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦пЁп╟я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡ п╦ я▐ п╫п╣ я┘п╬я┤я┐ п╨п╬пЁп╬-я┌п╬ п©я─п╦п╫п╦п╤п╟я┌я▄, п╫п╣ п╬я┌п╪п╣я┤п╟я▐ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄ п©п╬ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦, я█я┌п╬ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ 3 п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟, п©я─п╦я┬п╣п╢я┬п╦я┘ п╪п╫п╣ п╡ пЁп╬п╩п╬п╡я┐ я│п╣п╧я┤п╟я│. п÷п╬я┘п╬п╤п╣, п╪я▀ п╢п╬я│я┌п╦пЁп╟п╣п╪ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ я│п╬п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫я│я┌п╡п╟, п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╡п╣п╩п╦п╨п╬п╩п╣п©п╫п╬, п©п╬п╨п╟ п╪я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣п╪ я┘я─п╟п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╡я▀п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╡ я┌п╬ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╫п╣ п╡я│п╣ п╡ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╪ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я│п╦п╦ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╟ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦я┌п╦я▐.
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+== п╒п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟:
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+п▓п╬п©я─п╬я│, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╬я┤п╣п╡п╦п╢п╫я▀п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬пЁп╬, п╫п╬ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╨ я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╤п╣ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╣пЁп╬ я─п╣пЁя┐п╩я▐я─п╫п╬ п╥п╟я┌я─п╟пЁп╦п╡п╟п╩п╦, п╥п╟п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ я┌п╬п╪, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╡п╬я│п©я─п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟я┌я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ я█я┌п╬п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╣п╨п╬п╣ п╥п╟п╫я▐я┌п╦п╣, _п©я─п╦я▐я┌п╫п╬п╣_ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟/я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╟, п╦п╫п╟я┤п╣ п╬п╫п╦ п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╬ я┐п╧п╢я┐я┌ п╦ п©п╣я─п╣я│я┌п╟п╫я┐я┌ п©я─п╦п╫п╬я│п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐ п╡я│п╣п╪ п╦ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬п╪я┐ п╬я┌ я│п╡п╬п╣пЁп╬ п╢п╬п╠я─п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┌я─я┐п╢п╟ (п╫п╟ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╫п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©п╬п╡п╩п╦я▐я┌я▄ п╢п╟п╤п╣ п╢п╣п╫я▄пЁп╦). п╜я┌п╬ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п╡ п╡п╡п╦п╢я┐ п╨п╟п╤п╢я▀п╧ п╦п╥ п╫п╟я┬п╦я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╦ п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬ пЁп╢п╣-я┌п╬ п╡ пЁп╩я┐п╠п╦п╫п╣ я│п╡п╬п╣пЁп╬ я│п╬п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╫п╟ я┌п╬я┌ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╧, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╬п╫ п©п╬п©я▀я┌п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╢я┐п╪п╟я┌я▄ п╬ FreeBSD п╨п╟п╨ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╣я┴п╣ п╬п╠ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╣ п╬я┌ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Software, Inc., п╟ п╬п╠ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╟я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╨п╟п╨ п╬ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╫п╦п╨п╟я┘. п╒п╣, п╨я┌п╬ я┘п╬я┤п╣я┌ п©п╬-п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╣п╪я┐ п╫п╟п╫я▐я┌я▄ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ я│ FreeBSD, п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ jobs@FreeBSD.org я│ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ я│я┐п╪п╪я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я┐я▌ п╬п╫ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╥п╟п©п╩п╟я┌п╦я┌я▄, п╦п╫п╟я┤п╣ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╧я┌п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬.
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+п╞ п╫п╣ п╦п╪п╣я▌ п╡ п╡п╦п╢я┐, я┤я┌п╬ п╪я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ я│п╣п╠я▐ я┌п╟п╨ пЁя─я┐п╠п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╩я▌п╢п╦ п╢п╟п╤п╣ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п©я▀я┌п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©я─п╬я│п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╟я│ п╬ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦, я▐ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ я┘п╬я┤я┐ я│п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ я┌п╣ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╪п╦ я│п╩я┐п╤п╠п╟п╪п╦ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ FreeBSD, я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪п╦ п╫п╟ п╢п╬п╠я─п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟я┘ (п©п╬я┤я┌п╟, я┌п╣п╩п╣п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╦, п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩я▀ irc п╦ я┌п╢.), п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ п╬я│п╬п╥п╫п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п©я─п╬я│п╦я┌я▄ я│п╬п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╫п╣п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪п╬пЁп╬ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨п╟ п╬ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ п╫п╣ я┌п╟п╨ я┐п╤ я│п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬я┌ п╡я▀п╨п╩я▐п╫я┤п╦п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╣п╫п╣пЁ я┐ п©я─п╬я┘п╬п╤п╦я┘. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╠п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫я▀п╧ я│п╬п╡п╣я┌, п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ п©п╬ п╨я─п╟п╧п╫п╣п╧ п╪п╣я─п╣ п╫п╟я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п©я─п╬я│п╦я┌я▄ п╡п╣п╤п╩п╦п╡п╬, п╢п╟п╤п╣ п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╡п╟п╪ п╬я┌п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌! :-) п╞ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┤п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬п╡п╦п╢п╟п╩ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╢п╬п╠я─п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я└п╬я─я┐п╪п╟я┘ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п╥п╟ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╧ пЁп╬п╢, п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╠я▀п╩ п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╧ п╬я┌я│я┌п╬п╧. п⌡я▌п╢п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я─п╟п╥я┐п╪п╫п╬ п╦ п©п╣я─п╣я│я┌п╟я┌я▄ я│я┤п╦я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫я┐я▌ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п©я─п╟п╡п╬п╪, п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ я│п╡я▀я┬п╣, п╟ п╫п╣ п╡п╣я│я▄п╪п╟ п╦п╥п╠п╦я─п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╢п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©я─п╦п╡п╦п╩п╣пЁп╦п╣п╧. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п©п╬ п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╪я┐ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌, п©п╬я│п╣я┌п╦я┌п╣ я│п╟п╧я┌ www.freebsdmall.com п╦ п╥п╟п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╟п╨я┌ п╫п╟ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐. п▓я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╬, п╥п╟ я┤я┌п╬ п╥п╟п©п╩п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣! :)
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+== п▓п╥пЁп╩я▐п╢ п╡ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣п╣:
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+п╖я┌п╬ я▐ п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟я▌ п╬я┌ 1999 пЁп╬п╢п╟? п²я┐, п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟я▌, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я│п╣ п╪я▀ п╫п╣ п©п╬пЁп╦п╠п╫п╣п╪ п╡п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪п╦я─п╫п╬п╪ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╨п╩п╦п╥п╪п╣ п╥п╟ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╩п╣я┌ п╢п╬ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ я┌я▀я│я▐я┤п╣п╩п╣я┌п╦я▐, п╦ п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟я▌ п©п╬я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╫я▀я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧, я┐я│п╦п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╪п╟я─п╨п╣я┌п╦п╫пЁп╟, п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╧ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│, п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ я│я┌п╟я┌п╣п╧ п╡ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╟я┘ п╦ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╣я│я│я▀, п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╤п╣ я│п╟п╪п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╦ п╠я▀п╩п╬, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╪я▀ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣п╪ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п©п╬п©я▀я┌п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╦ п╡ п╢п╟п╩я▄п╫п╣п╧я┬п╣п╪ п╨п╬п╫я├п╣п╫я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я┌п╬п╪, я┤я┌п╬ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄, п╫п╣ п╬я┌п╡п╩п╣п╨п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я┐п╤п╟я│п╫я▀п╣ п╪п╣я┤я┌я▀ п╬ п╢п╣я│п╨я┌п╬п©-п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐я┘, п╫п╣ я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╣п╬п╤п╦п╢п╟п╫п╫п╬ я┤п╣я─п╣я│я┤я┐я─ п╪п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟п╩п╦я│я┌п╦я┤п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╟п╬п╠п╬я─п╬я┌, п╥п╟пЁя─п╬п╪п╬п╤п╢п╟я┌я▄ я│п╟п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩п╨п╟п╪п╦ /usr/src, п╦ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╟я┌я▄ я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┐п╪п╣я─п╣п╫п╫п╬п╪я┐ п╨я┐я─я│я┐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я│ я┘п╟я─п╟п╨я┌п╣я─п╣п╫. п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD, я│я┌п╟п╡я┬п╣п╧ п╫п╟ п╬п╢п╦п╫ пЁп╬п╢ я│я┌п╟я─я┬п╣ п╦, п╫п╟п╢п╣я▌я│я▄, п╫п╣п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪я┐п╢я─п╣п╣, п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╡п╣я┌, п╡ я┌п╬ п╤п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п©я─п╦п╩п╣п╤п╫п╬ п╬п╠п╣я─п╣пЁп╟я▐ я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╨, п╬п©п╦я─п╟я▐я│я▄ п╫п╟ п╫п╟я┬п╦я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡, п╢п╟п╡п╟я▐ п╦п╪ п╡я│п╣ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ я─п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫ п╡п╨п╩п╟п╢я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╦п╩я▀ п╡п╬ FreeBSD.
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+п²я┐п╤п╫п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п©я─п╦п╡п╩п╣п╨п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟я┬п╦я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧, п╦ я▐ п╫п╟п╢п╣я▌я│я▄, я┤я┌п╬ 1999 я│я┌п╟п╫п╣я┌ пЁп╬п╢п╬п╪ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ я─п╬я│я┌п╟ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п╩п╬п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ пЁя─я┐п©п© п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я┌п╦п©п╬п╡ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╥п╟п╦п╪п╬п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦. п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╦ FAQ я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡я▐я┌я│я▐ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣, п╫п╟п╢п╣я▌я│я▄, я█я┌п╟ я┌п╣п╫п╢п╣п╫я├п╦п╦ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ 1999, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ я┐ я─я┐п╩я▐ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я│я┌п╬я▐я┌я▄ п²п╦п╨ п п╩я█п╧я┌п╬п╫ (Nik Clayton), п╫п╟я┬ п╠п╣я│я│я┌я─п╟я┬п╫я▀п╧ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╫п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╥п╟п╠я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п╦ FAQ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬.
+
+Linux п╦п╪п╣п╩ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╧ я┐я│п©п╣я┘ п©п╬ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫п╣ п©п╬п╡я│п╣п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я│п╣я┌п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п╦ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╣п╪я┐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐я┤п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╢п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧ п╦ п╬п╠я┴п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я│ п╫п╦п╪п╦. п∙я│п╩п╦ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ FreeBSD я┘п╬я┌я▐я┌ п╡п╦п╢п╣я┌я▄ п╣п╣ п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢я▐я┴п╣п╧ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣, я┤п╣п╪ п╣п╣ п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣п╪я▀п╧ я│п╬п©п╣я─п╫п╦п╨, п╟ 1998 п╠я▀п╩ пЁп╬п╢п╬п╪, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ я▐ я│п╩я▀я┬п╟п╩ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡, п╫п╣п╢п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я█я┌п╦п╪, я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╦ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╬п╠я─п╟я┌я▄я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╪п╦ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦я▐п╪п╦ п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╦я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╨п╬п╫п╣я├. п п╬пЁп╢п╟ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╧ я─п╟п╥ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ FreeBSD п╬п╠я┼п╣п╢п╦п╫я▐п╩п╦я│я▄ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥п╢п╟я┤п╦ п╩п╦я┌п╣я─п╟я┌я┐я─я▀ п╬ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╡я│я┌я─п╣я┤п╟я┘ Microsoft, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╦п╩п╦ п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢п╦п╩п╦ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п╫п╟ п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╫п╬п╧ п╡я▀я│я┌п╟п╡п╨п╣?
+
+п÷п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ Linux п╢п╣п╩п╟я▌я┌ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╣я┴п╦, п©п╬я┘п╬п╤п╣, п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫п╬, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╨п╟п╨ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╩п╦я┬я▄ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┐п╠п╣п╤п╢п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ я└п╟п╫п╟я┌п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╢п╣п╩п╟я▌я┌ я█я┌п╬ я│п╣п╧я┤п╟я│, я┌п╟п╨ п©п╬я┤п╣п╪я┐ п╠я▀ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п╦п╪? п÷я─п╦я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫я▐п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│п©п╦я│п╨я┐ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ advocacy@FreeBSD.org п╦ п╬п╠я│я┐п╢п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╪ п╡п╟я┬п╦ п©п╩п╟п╫я▀, я┌п╟п╨, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣, я│ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╪ я█п╫я┌я┐п╥п╦п╟п╥п╪п╬п╪, я┤п╣п╪ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╦п╢п╣п╦, п╪п╬пЁп╩п╦ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я┐п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╦я┘ п╦ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌, п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п╡п╟п╪. п²п╟п©п╦я┬п╦я┌п╣ п╨я─п╟я┌п╨п╦п╣ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я│п╟п╧я┌п╬п╡, п╥п╟я┴п╦я┴п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ FreeBSD, я┌п╦п©п╟ http://www.daemonnews.org/[www.daemonnews.org] п╦п╩п╦ http://www.freebsdrocks.com/[www.freebsdrocks.com] п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬пЁп╦я┌п╣ п╡ я┐я│п©п╣я┬п╫п╬п╪ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦п╦ п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╧ п╣п╡п╟п╫пЁп╣п╩п╦я│я┌п╬п╡ BSD.
+
+п╓я─п╟п╥я▀ я┌п╦п©п╟ "я█я┌п╬ п╡п╟я┬п╟ FreeBSD" п╦ "п╡я│п╣ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦я┌ п╬я┌ п╡п╟я│" п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢п╣я┌я▄ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╦ п╦п╥п╠п╦я┌я▀п╪п╦, п╫п╬ п╬п╫п╦ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣, п╨ я│п╬п╤п╟п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌, п╬я│я┌п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╟п╡п╢п╬п╧, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ я┌п╟п╨ п╪п╟п╩п╬ п╫п╟я│ п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╡п╟я│. п∙я│п╩п╦ FreeBSD _п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬_ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╦я┌ я┐я│п©п╣я┘ п╡ 1999, я█я┌п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│ п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╡п╟я│, п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧! п·я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥я┐п╧я┌п╣ п╪п╣я│я┌п╫я┐я▌ пЁя─я┐п©п©я┐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧, п©п╬п╢п╟я─п╦я┌п╣ п╡п╟я┬п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ я│п╬ я│я┌п╟я─я▀п╪п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟п╪п╦ п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬п╧ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╣, п©п╬п©я─п╬п╠я┐п╧я┌п╣ я┐п╠п╣п╢п╦я┌я▄ п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╣п╩п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╠п╦п╥п╫п╣я│п╪п╣п╫п╟ п╦п╩п╦ ISP п╡ п©я─п╣п╦п╪я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟я┘ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD, п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╩п╦я┬я▄ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╦п╥ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫п╬, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╥п╟п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╡ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ я█п╫п╣я─пЁп╦п╦ п╡п╬ FreeBSD, п╦ п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╠п╣я│п©п╬п╨п╬п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╬п╠ п╦п╢п╣я▐я┘, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ п©п╬ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╣п╪я┐ я█я┌п╬ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬.
+
+п≈п╟п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣: 1999, я─п╟-я─п╟-я─п╟, п╢п╟п╡п╟п╧я┌п╣ я█я┌п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣п╪! :)
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/status/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/status/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ded8f5113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/news/status/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+---
+title: "п·я┌я┤я▒я┌я▀ п╬ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌ п╫п╟п╢ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: false
+---
+
+= п·я┌я┤я▒я┌я▀ п╬ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌ п╫п╟п╢ FreeBSD
+
+п·п╢п╫п╦п╪ п╦п╥ п©я─п╣п╦п╪я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╣я▒ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╫п╟ я├п╣п╫я┌я─п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▌, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ я├п╣п╫я┌я─п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╣, п╟ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╣п╢я▒я┌я│я▐ п╡ я├п╣п╫я┌я─п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟я┘ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦. п╜я┌п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╢п╬я│я┌п╦пЁп╟я┌я▄ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬пЁп╬ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫я▐ п╨п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я├п╦п╦ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪п╦ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ я┤п╟я│я┌п╣п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╦ я│п╬п╠п╩я▌п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩ п╡ я─п╟п╪п╨п╟я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╡ я├п╣п╩п╬п╪, п╬я┌ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╬п╡ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╢п╬ я│я┌п╦п╩я▐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬, п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╪ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD, п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟я┘ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╦ п╡п╫п╬я│п╦п╪я▀я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╢п╟п╤п╣ я│п╟п╪я▀п╣ п╫п╣п╬я┌п╡п╩п╣п╨п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦ я│я┌п╟п╩п╦ п╦я│п©я▀я┌я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╥п╟я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╡я│п╣я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╨, п╡п╣п╢я┐я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п╡ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╣ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡.
+
+п■п╡я┐я┘п╪п╣я│я▐я┤п╫я▀п╧ п╬я┌я┤я▒я┌ п╬ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╨ п╡п╬ FreeBSD п©я─п╦п╥п╡п╟п╫ я─п╣я┬п╦я┌я▄ я█я┌я┐ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я┐, п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я▐ я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╬, п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┴п╣п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ п╬п©п╬п╡п╣я┴п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╬ п╡п╣п╢я┐я┴п╣п╧я│я▐ п╦п╪п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╡п╬ FreeBSD, п╨п╟п╨ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╦, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╡п╫п╣ я├п╣п╫я┌я─п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╟ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡. п■п╩я▐ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╦ п©п╬п╢п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╡я▀п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╟п╠п╥п╟я├ я─п╣п╥я▌п╪п╣, п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟ п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╣пЁп╬ п╬я┌я┤я▒я┌п╟. п∙я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌, п╦п╩п╦ п╣я│п╩п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я─п╟п╫п╣п╣ п╫п╣ п©я─п╦я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╩ п╡ п╬я┌я┤я▒я┌п╟я┘, я┌п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╢ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╬ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╬ п╨я─п╟я┌п╨п╬п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣.
+
+п╜я┌п╦ п╬я┌я┤я▒я┌я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п©п╣я┤п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╨ п╡ я├п╣п╩п╬п╪, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я┤п╟я│я┌п╦, п©я─п╦ я┐я│п╩п╬п╡п╦п╦ я▐п╡п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ п╦ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п©я─п╟п╡.
+
+== 2004
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-jan-2004-feb-2004/[2004 пЁп╬п╢. п╞п╫п╡п╟я─я▄ - п╓п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▄]
+
+== 2003
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-oct-2003-dec-2003/[2003 пЁп╬п╢. п·п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ - п■п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▄]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-mar-2003-sep-2003/[2003 пЁп╬п╢. п°п╟я─я┌ - п║п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▄]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-jan-2003-feb-2003/[2003 пЁп╬п╢. п╞п╫п╡п╟я─я▄ - п╓п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▄]
+
+== 2002
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-nov-2002-dec-2002/[2002 пЁп╬п╢. п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ - п■п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▄]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-sept-2002-oct-2002/[2002 пЁп╬п╢. п║п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ - п·п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▄]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-july-2002-aug-2002/[2002 пЁп╬п╢. п≤я▌п╩я▄ - п░п╡пЁя┐я│я┌]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-may-2002-june-2002/[2002 пЁп╬п╢. п°п╟п╧ - п≤я▌п╫я▄]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-feb-2002-apr-2002/[2002 пЁп╬п╢. п╓п╣п╡я─п╟п╩я▄ - п░п©я─п╣п╩я▄]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-dec-2001-jan-2002/[п■п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▄ 2001 пЁп╬п╢п╟ - п╞п╫п╡п╟я─я▄ 2002 пЁп╬п╢п╟]
+
+== 2001
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-november-2001/[п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 2001]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-september-2001/[п║п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 2001]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-august-2001/[п░п╡пЁя┐я│я┌ 2001]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-july-2001/[п≤я▌п╩я▄ 2001]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-june-2001/[п≤я▌п╫я▄ 2001]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e4ba4056c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+title: "п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀
+
+== п▓п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣
+
+п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪, п╫п╟ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ FreeBSD, п╦п╩п╦ п╡п╣п╢я┐я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п©п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌.
+
+== п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟п╫п╦п╣
+
+* link:amd64/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/amd64]
+* link:arm/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/ARM]
+* link:i386/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/i386]
+* link:ia64/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/ia64]
+* link:mips/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/MIPS]
+* link:pc98/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/pc98]
+* link:ppc/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/ppc]
+* link:sparc/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/sparc64]
+* link:xbox/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/xbox]
+
+== п п╬п╪п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я─п╦п╦ п╦ п╨п╬п╫я┌п╟п╨я┌я▀
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╪, п╦п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ я│п╡я▐п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я│ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪п╦, п©п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п╡ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦. п■п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦:
+
+* п■п╩я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ FreeBSD/amd64: freebsd-amd64@FreeBSD.org
+* п■п╩я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ FreeBSD/ARM: freebsd-arm@FreeBSD.org
+* п■п╩я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ FreeBSD/i386: freebsd-current@FreeBSD.org
+* п■п╩я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ FreeBSD/ia64: freebsd-ia64@FreeBSD.org
+* п■п╩я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ FreeBSD/MIPS: freebsd-mips@FreeBSD.org
+* п■п╩я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ FreeBSD/pc98: re-pc98@FreeBSD.org
+* п■п╩я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ FreeBSD/ppc: freebsd-ppc@FreeBSD.org
+* п■п╩я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ FreeBSD/sparc64: freebsd-sparc@FreeBSD.org
+* п■п╩я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ FreeBSD/xbox: freebsd-current@FreeBSD.org
+* п■п╩я▐ п╬п╠я┴п╦я┘ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╬п╡, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╬п╧, freebsd-arch@FreeBSD.org
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/alpha.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/alpha.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc0c877321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/alpha.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/alpha"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/alpha
+
+п²п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╟ FreeBSD п╫п╟ HP/Compaq я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ Alpha.
+
+== п║я│я▀п╩п╨п╦, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ FreeBSD/alpha
+
+* mailto:freebsd-alpha@FreeBSD.org[п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD/alpha]
+
+== п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╫я▀п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦
+
+=== п░п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌я┐я─п╟
+
+* http://h18002.www1.hp.com/alphaserver/[HP AlphaServer]
+* http://h18002.www1.hp.com/alphaserver/workstations.html[HP AlphaStation]
+
+=== п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀
+
+* http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/alpha/[NetBSD/alpha]
+* http://www.OpenBSD.org/alpha.html[OpenBSD/alpha]
+* http://www.alphalinux.org/[AlphaLinux]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/amd64.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/amd64.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5462bb5b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/amd64.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/amd64"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/amd64
+
+[.right]
+link:../../../gifs/daemon_hammer.jpg[image:../../../gifs/daemon_hammer-tn15.jpg[п■п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫ BSD, я─п╟п╥п╪п╟я┘п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╨я┐п╥п╫п╣я┤п╫я▀п╪ п╪п╬п╩п╬я┌п╬п╪]]
+
+п²п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╟ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╣ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ AMD64 п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ http://www.amd.com/[AMD] п╦ http://www.intel.com/info/em64t[Intel(R) 64]. п░я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟ AMD64 я─п╟п╫п╣п╣ п╫п╬я│п╦п╩п╟ п╫п╟п╥п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ "`Hammer`". п░я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟ Intel 64 п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫п╟ п╨п╟п╨ Yamhill, Clackamas Technology (CT), IA-32e п╦ EM64T (Extended Memory 64-bit Technology). п·п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╟ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫п╟ п╨п╟п╨ "`x86-64`" п╦п╩п╦ "`x64`".
+
+п░я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟ AMD64 п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟я┘ AMD Opteron(TM), AMD Athlon(TM) 64, AMD Turion(TM) 64 п╦ п╡ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟я┘ AMD Sempron(TM).
+
+Intel vPro(TM), Intel Celeron D (п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩п╦ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▐ я│ "`Prescott`"), Intel Centrino(R) Duo, Intel Centrino(R) Pro, Intel Viiv(TM), Intel Core(TM)2 Extreme, Intel Core(TM)2 Quad, Intel Core(TM)2 Duo, Intel Xeon (3000-я│п╣я─п╦п╦, 5000-я│п╣я─п╦п╦, п╦ 7000-я│п╣я─п╦п╦) п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я┐ Intel(R)64.
+
+== п║п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣:
+
+п▓ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ FreeBSD/amd64 п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╡ 64-я─п╟п╥я─я▐п╢п╫п╬п╪ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╬п╪ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣, п╨п╟п╨ п╡ п╬п╢п╫п╬п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫п╬п╪, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╡ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫п╬п╪ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣.
+
+п÷п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╟ AMD64 п╡ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ я│я┤п╦я┌п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╬п╧ FreeBSD link:{committers-guide}#archs[Tier-1] я┐я─п╬п╡п╫я▐.
+
+== п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀, п╬я┌п╫п╬я│я▐я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╨ FreeBSD/amd64
+
+* http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-amd64[п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD/amd64]
+
+== п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╫я▀п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦
+
+=== п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ п©п╬ AMD64
+
+* http://support.amd.com/us/Processor_TechDocs/32200.pdf[п║п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦п╨п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я┐ AMD x86-64]
+* http://support.amd.com/us/Processor_TechDocs/24592_APM_v1.pdf[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©я─п╦п╨п╩п╟п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я│я┌п╟ п©п╬ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╣ AMD64]
+* http://support.amd.com/us/Processor_TechDocs/24593_APM_v2.pdf[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я│я┌п╟ п©п╬ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╣ AMD64]
+* http://www.x86-64.org/documentation/abi.pdf[п═п╟п╠п╬я┤п╟я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟ AMD x86-64 п╢п╡п╬п╦я┤п╫я▀п╧ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ (ABI)]
+
+=== п÷я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫я▀п╣ я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╟
+
+* http://www.x86-64.org/downloads[п║п╦п╪я┐п╩я▐я┌п╬я─я▀ п╦ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ Bochs п╦ Simics]
+
+=== п▒п╩п╦п╥п╨п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀
+
+* http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/amd64/[NetBSD/amd64]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/amd64/motherboards.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/amd64/motherboards.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7a03bf21e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/amd64/motherboards.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/amd64 -- п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╦п╣ п©п╩п╟я┌я▀"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/amd64 -- п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╦п╣ п©п╩п╟я┌я▀
+
+п²п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п╪я▀ п©я▀я┌п╟п╣п╪я│я▐ я│п╬п╠я─п╟я┌я▄ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╦я┘ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟я┘, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я┐ amd64, п╦ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, п╫п╟я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п╫п╟ п╫п╦я┘ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ FreeBSD. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄ п╫п╣ я┐п©п╬п╪я▐п╫я┐я┌п╟, я┌п╬, я│п╨п╬я─п╣п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬, п╪я▀ п╫п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╣п╪ п╬ п╫п╣п╧. п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п©я─п╦я│я▀п╩п╟п╧я┌п╣ я│п╡п╬п╦ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╩п╦ п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╨ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╣п╧я│я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1[send-pr(1)] п╦п╩п╦ link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/enter_bug.cgi[Web-я└п╬я─п╪я┐]. п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, я┐п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦п╦ www.
+
+== Abit
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п°п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ |п²п╟п╠п╬я─ п╪п╦п╨я─п╬я│я┘п╣п╪ я│п╣п╡п╣я─п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬я│я┌п╟ / п║п╬п╨п╣я┌ |п÷я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ |п я┌п╬ п©я─п╦я│п╩п╟п╩ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ (п╫п╣п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦) |п÷я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ FreeBSD |п·я│п╬п╠я▀п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐
+|http://www.abit-usa.com/products/mb/products.php?categories=1&model=175[AV8] |VIA K8T800 / Socket 939 |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:doconnor@gsoft.com.au[Daniel O'Connor] |5.3-RELEASE |п≤п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ Ethernet (vge(4)) п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌, п©п╬п╨п╟ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╡п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╬.
+|===
+
+== Asus
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п°п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ |п²п╟п╠п╬я─ п╪п╦п╨я─п╬я│я┘п╣п╪ я│п╣п╡п╣я─п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬я│я┌п╟ / п║п╬п╨п╣я┌ |п÷я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ |п я┌п╬ п©я─п╦я│п╩п╟п╩ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ (п╫п╣п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦) |п÷я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ FreeBSD |п·я│п╬п╠я▀п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐
+|http://www.asus.com/products4.aspx?modelmenu=2&model=375&l1=3&l2=15&l3=0[A8N-SLI Deluxe] |nVidia nForce4 SLI / Socket 939 |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:flz@FreeBSD.org[Florent Thoumie] (http://people.freebsd.org/~flz/local/dmesg.cream[dmesg]) |5.4-STABLE |п≤п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ Ethernet п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╪ nve(4), п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ 6-CURRENT (я│ п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 2005). п п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ SATA-RAID п╫п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐.
+|http://www.asus.com/products4.aspx?modelmenu=2&model=238&l1=3&l2=15&l3=0[A8V Deluxe] |VIA K8T800 / Socket 939 |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:ssw@neo.redjade.org[Sangwoo Shim] (http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=80174[dmesg]) |6-CURRENT (п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▄ 2005) |
+|http://www.asus.com/products4.aspx?modelmenu=2&model=235&l1=3&l2=14&l3=0[K8V SE Deluxe] |VIA K8T800 / Socket 754 |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:twisla@gcu.info[Clц╘ment Martin] (http://twisla.com/dmesg.satan[dmesg]) |5.4-STABLE |xmbmon п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╫п╣ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▐п╣я┌ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪ п╪п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╫пЁп╟, п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪ я└п╩п╟пЁ -I.
+|http://www.asus.com/products4.aspx?modelmenu=2&model=237&l1=3&l2=14&l3=67[K8V-X] |VIA K8T800 / Socket 754 |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:jkoshy@FreeBSD.org[Joseph Koshy] |5.4-STABLE |п░я┐п╢п╦п╬я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п╣я┴я▒ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄. п≤п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ Ethernet sk0 п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я│ 5.3-RELEASE.
+|===
+
+== Gigabyte
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",]
+|===
+|http://tw.giga-byte.com/Server/Products/Products_ServerBoard_GA-7A8DW.htm[GA-7A8DW] |AMD 8111/8131/8151 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:eric@vipstructures.com[Eric Toll] |5.4-RELEASE |п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ SATA п╫п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟я│я▄.
+|http://www.giga-byte.com/MotherBoard/Products/Products_GA-K8NS.htm[GA-K8NS] |nVidia nForce3 250 / Socket 754 |п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:francisco@natserv.com[Francisco Reyes] |5.4-RELEASE |п▓я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ п╦ RAID п╫п╣ п╬п©п╬п╥п╫п╟я▌я┌я│я▐, SATA п╠п╣п╥ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ RAID я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌. п≈п╡я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ п╫п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐.
+|http://www.giga-byte.com/MotherBoard/Products/Products_GA-K8NS%20Pro.htm[GA-K8NS Pro] |nVidia nForce3 250 / Socket 754 |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:tony_sweeney@programmingresearch.com[Tony Sweeney] |5.4-RELEASE |
+|http://tw.giga-byte.com/MotherBoard/Products/Products_GA-K8VT800.htm[GA-K8VT800] |VIA K8T800 / Socket 754 |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:groot@kde.org[Adriaan de Groot] ( http://people.fruitsalad.org/adridg/development.dmesg.eggs.txt[dmesg]) |5.3-RELEASE, 5.4-STABLE |NIC п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ Realtek. п░я┐п╢п╦п╬я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╫п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟я│я▄, п╫п╬ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄.
+|===
+
+== HP
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п°п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ |п╖п╦п©я│п╣я┌ я│п╣п╡п╣я─п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬я│я┌п╟ / п║п╬п╨п╣я┌ |п÷я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ |п≤я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ (п╬п©я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦) |п÷я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ FreeBSD |п·я│п╬п╠я▀п╣ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐
+|http://h18004.www1.hp.com/products/servers/proliant-bl/p-class/45p/[п╩п╣п╥п╡п╦п╧п╫я▀п╣ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─я▀ ProLiant BL45p] |AMD 8111/8131 / Socket 940 - 4x Opteron |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:bra@fsn.hu[Atilla Nagy] (http://people.fsn.hu/~bra/bl45p/[dmesg, acpidump, pciconf]) |5.4-STABLE |
+|http://h18004.www1.hp.com/products/servers/proliantdl380/[ProLiant DL380 G4] |Intel E7520 / 2x Intel Xeon EM64T |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:bra@fsn.hu[Atilla Nagy] (http://people.fsn.hu/~bra/bl45p/dl380dmesg[dmesg]) |5.4-STABLE |
+|===
+
+== Iwill
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п°п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ |п²п╟п╠п╬я─ п╪п╦п╨я─п╬я│я┘п╣п╪ я│п╣п╡п╣я─п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬я│я┌п╟ / п║п╬п╨п╣я┌ |п÷я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ |п я┌п╬ п©я─п╦я│п╩п╟п╩ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ (п╫п╣п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦) |п÷я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ FreeBSD |п·я│п╬п╠я▀п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐
+|http://www.iwill.net/product_2.asp?p_id=90&sp=Y[H8501 / QK8S-8P] |AMD 8111/8131 / Socket 940 - 8x Opteron |п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:ketrien@error404.nls.net[Ketrien I. Saihr-Kesenchedra] |5.3-RELEASE |п║п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟я│я▄ п╫п╟ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ п╡ я┐п╢п╟п╩я▒п╫п╫п╬п╪ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣ п╠п╣п╥ п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩п╦. п▓я│п╣ 8 п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╬п╡ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╣п╫я▀, п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫я▀ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ я│ ACPI. Intel 82546EB п╫п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐. IPMI п╫п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐.
+|===
+
+== MSI
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п°п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ |п²п╟п╠п╬я─ п╪п╦п╨я─п╬я│я┘п╣п╪ я│п╣п╡п╣я─п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬я│я┌п╟ / п║п╬п╨п╣я┌ |п÷я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ |п я┌п╬ п©я─п╦я│п╩п╟п╩ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ (п╫п╣п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦) |п÷я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ FreeBSD |п·я│п╬п╠я▀п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐
+|http://www.msicomputer.com/product/p_spec.asp?model=K8D_Master-F&class=spd[K8D Master-F (MS-9131)] |AMD 8131/8111 / 2x Socket 940 |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:ghelmer@freebsd.org[Guy Helmer] |5.4-RELEASE |п╒п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟я│я▄ я│ п╢п╡я┐п╪я▐ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟п╪п╦ Opteron 242.
+|http://www.msicomputer.com/product/p_spec.asp?model=K8D_Master3-FA4R&class=spd[K8D Master3-FA4R (MS-9161)] |AMD 8131/8111 / 2x Socket 940 |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:ghelmer@freebsd.org[Guy Helmer] |5.4-RELEASE |п÷я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ я│ п╢п╡я┐п╪я▐ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟п╪п╦ Opteron 252. п≤п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ SiI SATA п╫п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐ (п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐ SCSI-п╢п╦я│п╨ я│ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─п╬п╪ Adaptec 29160).
+|http://www.msi.com.tw/program/products/mainboard/mbd/pro_mbd_detail.php?UID=607[K8N Neo2 Platinum] |nVidia nForce 3 / Socket 939 |п²п╣ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я│ ACPI. |mailto:xdivac02@stud.fit.vutbr.cz[Roman Divacky] |6-CURRENT (п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▄ 2005) |п²п╣п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╟п╠п╩п╦я├я▀ IRQ п╡ BIOS, ACPI п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌, п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─я┐ PS/2 п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬. п≈п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╬ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ ACPI я│ RELENG_5.
+|http://www.msi.com.tw/program/products/server/svr/pro_svr_detail.php?UID=484[K8T Master2-FAR] |VIA K8T800 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:dgerow@afflictions.org[Damian Gerow] |5.4-STABLE |п╒я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟ п╨ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▐п╪ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦. SMbus п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌.
+|http://www.msi.com.tw/program/products/mainboard/mbd/pro_mbd_detail.php?UID=496[K8T Neo-FSR] |VIA K8T800 / Socket 754 |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:rsmith@xs4all.nl[Roland Smith] |5.4-STABLE |
+|http://www.msi.com.tw/program/products/mainboard/mbd/pro_mbd_detail.php?UID=608[K8T Neo2-FIR] |VIA K8T800 / Socket 939 |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:pav@FreeBSD.org[Pav Lucistnik] (http://www.oook.cz/bsd/ikaros.dmesg[dmesg]) |5.4-STABLE |п■п╩я▐ я─п╟я│п©п╬п╥п╫п╟п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╟я─я┌ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╩п╬я│я▄ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ BIOS.
+|http://www.msi.com.tw/program/products/mainboard/mbd/pro_mbd_detail.php?UID=639[RS480M2] |ATI Radeon XPRESS 200 / Socket 939 |п²п╣ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ ACPI. |mailto:torfinn.ingolfsen@broadpark.no[Torfinn Ingolfsen] (http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=80866[dmesg]) |5.4-STABLE |п²п╣ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я│ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ ACPI, п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я│я┌я─п╬я┤п╨я┐ `+hint.apic.0.disabled="1"+` п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩ /boot/loader.conf. п≈п╡я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ USB п╫п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟я│я▄. п≤п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ Radeon п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╩я│я▐ (я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ VESA).
+|===
+
+== Sun
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п°п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ |п╖п╦п©я│п╣я┌ я│п╣п╡п╣я─п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬я│я┌п╟ / п║п╬п╨п╣я┌ |п÷я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ |п≤я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ (п╬п©я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦) |п÷я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ FreeBSD |п·я│п╬п╠я▀п╣ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐
+|http://www.sun.com/servers/entry/v20z/[Fire V20z] |AMD 8111/8131 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:bra@fsn.hu[Atilla Nagy] (http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?q=81916[dmesg]) |5.4-STABLE |
+|===
+
+== Supermicro
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п°п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ |п╖п╦п©я│п╣я┌ я│п╣п╡п╣я─п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬я│я┌п╟ / п║п╬п╨п╣я┌ |п÷я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ |п≤я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ (п╬п©я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦) |п÷я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ FreeBSD |п·я│п╬п╠я▀п╣ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐
+|http://www.supermicro.com/products/motherboard/Xeon800/E7525/X6DA8-G2.cfm[X6DA8-G2] |Intel E7525 / 2x 604-pin FC-mPGA4 |п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:big.laser@gmail.com[Erik Power] |5.4-RELEASE |п╞п╢я─п╬, п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪п╬п╣ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╡ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╪п©п╩п╣п╨я┌п╣ 5.4-RELEASE п╢п╩я▐ amd64, п╫п╣ я─п╟я│п©п╬п╥п╫п╟я▒я┌ п╤я▒я│я┌п╨п╦п╣ п╢п╦я│п╨п╦, п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╨ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─я┐ Intel ICH5R SATA/ATA. п═п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╟ п╡ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬п╪ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣ п╢п╩я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╦ п©я─п╦ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╣ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╢я─п╟. п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я├п╦п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟ ata(4) я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╣п╨я─п╟я│п╫п╬ п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬. п╞п╢я─п╬ я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ SMP я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌. п║п╣я┌я▄, п╥п╡я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╧ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─ п╦ USB я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌. ZCR п╫п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐ (п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ п╢п╩я▐ Adaptec 2010-S п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌), AIC7902 U320 SCSI п╫п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐.
+|http://www.supermicro.com/products/motherboard/Xeon800/E7520/X6DHR-8G.cfm[X6DHR-8G] |Intel E7520 / 2x 604-pin FC-mPGA4 |п╞п╢я─п╬ я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ "п╥п╟я┴п╦я┴я▒п╫п╫п╬п╪ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣" (п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я┐п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄ hint.apic.0.disabled="0"). SMP-я▐п╢я─п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╬. |mailto:ghelmer@freebsd.org[Guy Helmer] |5.4-RELEASE |п≈п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╬ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀п╪ SMP-я▐п╢я─п╬п╪. п≈п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╟ я│ UP-я▐п╢я─п╬п╪ п©я─п╦ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╟я┘ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╟ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╣ "п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀" (п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─я▐п╩п╦я│я▄ п╬п╠п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ BIOS 1.2 п╦ 1.2a). п⌡п╬п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ я│п╣я┌я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌. п÷п╬-п╡п╦п╢п╦п╪п╬п╪я┐, п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─я▀ UHCI п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢я▐я┌ п╨ п©п╬я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╬пЁя─п╬п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я┌п╬п╨п╟ п©я─п╣я─я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧. AIC7902 U320 SCSI п╫п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ я│ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟п╪п╦ Seagate ST373207LC (п╡я▀п╢п╟я▒я┌ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ "Invalid Sequencer interrupt" п©я─п╦ я─п╟я│п©п╬п╥п╫п╟п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ я┬п╦п╫я▀ SCSI, п╫п╬ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╟п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐).
+|===
+
+== Tyan
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п°п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ |п²п╟п╠п╬я─ п╪п╦п╨я─п╬я│я┘п╣п╪ я│п╣п╡п╣я─п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬я│я┌п╟ / п║п╬п╨п╣я┌ |п÷я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ |п я┌п╬ п©я─п╦я│п╩п╟п╩ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ (п╫п╣п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦) |п÷я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ FreeBSD |п·я│п╬п╠я▀п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐
+|http://www.tyan.com/products/html/thunderk8qspro.html[Thunder K8QS Pro (S4882)] |AMD 8111/8131 / Socket 940 - 4x Opteron |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:ketrien@error404.nls.net[Ketrien I. Saihr-Kesenchedra] |5.2.1-RELEASE, 5.3-RELEASE, 5-STABLE |п▓п╣я│я▄п╪п╟ п╫п╣я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╟ я│ 5.2.1-R. п≤п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬п╣ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬ mpt(4) я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╩п╬ я│ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟п╪п╦. п п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ LSI Logic Ultra320-0 ZCR, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╧ amr(4), я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬. Broadcom п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╬я┌ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╩ я│п╬ я│п╠п╬я▐п╪п╦ п╡ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬п╪ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀, п╣я│п╩п╦ PXE п╠я▀п╩ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ п╦ п╫п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐. п÷я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п╢п╬ 8 п⌠п╠п╟п╧я┌, IPMI п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╣п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╟.
+|http://www.tyan.com/products/html/thunderk8spro.html[Thunder K8S Pro (S2882GNR, S2882UGNR)] |AMD 8111/8131 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:ketrien@error404.nls.net[Ketrien I. Saihr-Kesenchedra] |5.2.1-RELEASE, 5.3-RELEASE, 5-STABLE |SilIm SATA п╫п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐ я│ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢п╟ 5.2.1. п≤п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─п╬п╪ SCSI я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ aac. п╒я┴п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐ я│ amr(4). п÷я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪ я│п╬ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╣я┌. п╒п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟я│я▄ я│ 8 п⌠п╠п╟п╧я┌п╟п╪п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ (8x1GB). IPMI п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╣п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╟.
+|http://www.tyan.com/products/html/thunderk8sr.html[Thunder K8SR (S2881)] |AMD 8111/8131 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:ketrien@error404.nls.net[Ketrien I. Saihr-Kesenchedra] |5.2.1-RELEASE |п║п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╨ K8S Pro. K8SR п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╦п╢п╣п╫я┌п╦я┤п╫п╟ K8S Pro. IPMI п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╣ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╟.
+|http://www.tyan.com/products/html/thunderk8w.html[Thunder K8W (S2885)] |AMD 8111/8131/8151 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |п╗п╬п╫, mailto:marcolz@stack.nl[Marc Olzheim] (http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=80857[dmesg]) |5.4-STABLE, 6-CURRENT |п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╣п╡п╬я│я┘п╬п╢п╫п╬.
+|http://www.tyan.com/products/html/thunderk8we.html[Thunder K8WE (S2895)] |AMD 8131 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:dgerow@dementia.afflictions.org[Damian Gerow] |5.3-RELEASE, 5.4-STABLE |SCSI п╫п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐. п п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─я▀ Ethernet п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ nVidia п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╪ net/nvnet п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐. п╒я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ ACPI.
+|http://www.tyan.com/products/html/tigerk8w.html[Tiger K8W (S2875)] |AMD 8111/8131/8151 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:ketrien@error404.nls.net[Ketrien I. Saihr-Kesenchedra] |5.2.1-RELEASE |SilIm SATA п╫п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐. п═п╟п╫п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ BIOS п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ я│ ACPI п╦ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╣я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪я▀п╪п╦ я│ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪п╦ пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪п╦ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╟п╪п╦.
+|http://www.tyan.com/products/html/tigerk8ws.html[Tiger K8WS (S2875S)] |AMD 8111/8131/8151 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:ketrien@error404.nls.net[Ketrien I. Saihr-Kesenchedra] |5.2.1-RELEASE |SilIm SATA п╫п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐. п═п╟п╫п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ BIOS п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ я│ ACPI п╦ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╣я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪я▀п╪п╦ я│ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪п╦ пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪п╦ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╟п╪п╦.
+|http://www.tyan.com/products/html/tomcatk8s.html[Tomcat K8S (S2850G2N, S2850G2NR)] |AMD 8111/8131 / Socket 940 - 1x Opteron |п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ |mailto:ketrien@error404.nls.net[Ketrien I. Saihr-Kesenchedra] |5.2.1-RELEASE |SilIm SATA п╫п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩я│я▐. п╒п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟я│я▄ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│ 1 п⌠п╠п╟п╧я┌п╬п╪ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ (2x512MB).
+|===
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/arm.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/arm.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09957ac139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/arm.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/ARM"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/ARM
+
+FreeBSD/ARM п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п©п╬я─я┌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ FreeBSD, п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╣ ARM п╦ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╣п╪ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬п╪ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╦. п╕п╣п╩я▄я▌ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ п╦ я│п╬п©я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╣пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.
+
+== п≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD/ARM
+
+п²п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ FreeBSD п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫я▀я┘ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟я┘, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╣ i80321 п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Intel, п╡ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, я│ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩я▐п╪п╦ IQ31244 п╦ IQ80321. п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╡я│я▒ п╣я┴я▒ п╪п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╟, п╦ п©п╬п╨я─я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─, я┬п╦п╫я┐ PCI-X, Ethernet-п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─я▀ em(4), п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я┌п╟п╧п╪п╣я─ п╦ UART.
+
+п·п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╪п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟ StrongARM 1100, п╬п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡ пЁя─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟я┘ я┌п╣я┘ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╧, я┤я┌п╬ я█п╪я┐п╩п╦я─я┐п╣я┌ Simics: CPU, UART п╦ я┤п╟я│я▀. п╒п╣п╬я─п╣я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨я┐ п╫п╟ п©п╩п╟я┌п╣ Assabet Б─■ я┌п╬п╧, я┤я┌п╬ я█п╪я┐п╩п╦я─я┐п╣я┌ Simics; п╬ п©п╬п©я▀я┌п╨п╟я┘ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬, я┐я│п©п╣я┬п╫я▀я┘ п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╣я┌, п╫п╦я┤п╣пЁп╬ п╫п╣ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫п╬.
+
+== п╖я┌п╬ п╣я┴я▒ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄
+
+* п²п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ SATA.
+* п≤п╥ NetBSD п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╣я│я┌п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡, я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п╨п╟п╨ watchdog, i2c п╦ я┬п╦п╫я▀.
+
+== п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│ FreeBSD/ARM
+
+* http://tisu.mit.jyu.fi/embedded/TIE345/luentokalvot/Embedded_3_ARM.pdf[п я─п╟я┌п╨п╟я▐ п╦я│я┌п╬я─п╦я▐ ARM]
+* http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arm32/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ NetBSD Arm/32]
+
+== п я─п╟я┌п╨п╬п╣ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣
+
+{cognet} п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╩ п╨я─п╟я┌п╨п╬п╣ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╣пЁп╬ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦я▐ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD. п∙пЁп╬ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ http://people.freebsd.org/~cognet/freebsd_arm.txt[п╥п╢п╣я│я▄].
+
+[[list]]
+== п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD/ARM
+
+п■п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╫п╣пЁп╬, п©п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ `<freebsd-arm-subscribe@FreeBSD.org>` п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-arm[п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╬п╪ mailman].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/i386.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/i386.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5fe476a734
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/i386.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/i386"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/i386
+
+[[intro]]
+== п▓п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣
+
+п²п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╟ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╣ FreeBSD/i386. п╜я┌п╟ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я│п╟п╪я▀п╧ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╦п╧ я│п©п╣п╨я┌я─ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╬п╡, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╢п╬п╪п╟я┬п╫п╦я┘ п÷п  п©я─п╦п╬п╠я─п╣я┌п╟я▌я┌ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╦я┘. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╡п╩п╟п╢п╣п╣я┌п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╬п╪ п╩я▌п╠п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╥ п╨я─я┐п©п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п÷п  (я┌п╟п╨п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨ Dell(TM), HP п╦п╩п╦ eMachines(R)), п╡п╣я─п╬я▐я┌п╫п╣п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬, п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ AMD(TM) п╦п╩п╦ Intel(R) п╦ п©п╬п©п╟п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╡ я█я┌я┐ п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦я▌.
+
+[[toc]]
+== п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟п╫п╦п╣
+
+* <<news,п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦>>
+* <<links,п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀>>
+
+[[news]]
+== п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦
+
+* FreeBSD 6.0 п╦ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌ п╬я─п╦пЁп╦п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─ Intel 80386; я█я┌п╦п╪ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╟п╪ я┐п╤п╣ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я│п╣п╪п╦ п╩п╣я┌, п╦ п╬п╫п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡п╬ FreeBSD 5.X п╦ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я─п╟п╫п╫п╦я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐я┘. п≈п╟п╪п╣я┌я▄я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ я▐п╢я─п╬ GENERIC п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─я▀ 80386 я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡п╬ FreeBSD 4.X п╦ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я─п╟п╫п╫п╦я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐я┘.
+
+[[links]]
+== п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀
+
+* http://laptop.bsdgroup.de/freebsd/[п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ FreeBSD п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©п╬п╡]
+* link:https://wiki.FreeBSD.org/ACPI[п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ ACPI]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..768ec86d65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/ia64"
+sidenav: developers
+--- 
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/ia64
+
+'''''
+
+п÷п╬п╦я│п╨ п╡ п╟я─я┘п╦п╡п╟я┘ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-ia64:
+
+'''''
+
+[[toc]]
+== п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟п╫п╦п╣
+
+* <<intro,п▓п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣>>
+* <<status,п╒п╣п╨я┐я┴п╣п╣ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣>>
+* link:todo[п╖я┌п╬ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄]
+* link:machines[п÷п╣я─п╣я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐]
+* link:refs[п║п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╦]
+
+[[intro]]
+== п▓п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣
+
+п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD/ia64 я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╣ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я┐ Intel IA-64; п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╬п╫п╟ п╫п╬я│п╦я┌ п╫п╟п╥п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ Intel Itanium(R) Processor Family (IPF). п п╟п╨ п╦ я│п╟п╪ п©п╬я─я┌, я█я┌п╦ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╡ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦ п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐.
+
+[status]]
+== п╒п╣п╨я┐я┴п╣п╣ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣
+
+п÷п╬я─я┌ ia64 п╡я│я▒ п╣я┴я▒ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╬п╧ 2 я─п╟п╫пЁп╟. п╜я┌п╬ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╟ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟я┬п╦п╪ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩п╬п╪ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╦п╫п╤п╣п╫п╣я─п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ п©п╬ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨я┐ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ п╦ я┌п╣п╪п╦, п╨я┌п╬ я│п╬п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╤п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. п²п╟ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦п╨п╣, п╬п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬, я─п╟п╥п╫п╦я├п╟ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╬п╧ 1 я─п╟п╫пЁп╟ (п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌) п╦ 2 я─п╟п╫пЁп╟ п╫п╣ я┌п╟п╨ я│я┌я─п╬пЁп╟, п╨п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╤п╣я┌я│я▐. п▓ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╣ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣п╡ п©п╬я─я┌ ia64 я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╬п╧ 1 я─п╟п╫пЁп╟. +
+п║ я┌п╬я┤п╨п╦ п╥я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦, п╡ я┌п╬п╪, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬я─я┌ ia64 я│я┤п╦я┌п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╬п╧ 2 я─п╟п╫пЁп╟ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╢п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣, п╣я│я┌я▄ я│п╡п╬п╦ п©я─п╣п╦п╪я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟. п▓ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я┐ п╫п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╪п╣п╫я▐я▌я┴п╦я┘ ABI, п╦ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╫п╬п╧ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╟ я│я┌п╬п╩я▄ я─п╟п╫п╫п╣п╪ я█я┌п╟п©п╣ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ п╫п╣ п╡я▀пЁп╩я▐п╢п╦я┌ п╦п╢п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я┌я┐п╟я├п╦п╣п╧.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/machines.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/machines.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6df91bacd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/machines.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/ia64 -- п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/ia64 -- п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀
+
+== п°п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ п╫п╟ я─я▀п╫п╨п╣
+
+=== Bull
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",]
+|===
+|п╒п╦п© |п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─ |п п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ CPU |п╖п╦п©я│п╣я┌
+|Escala IL400R |Itanium |4 |?
+|Escala IL1400R |Itanium |16 |?
+|===
+
+=== Fujitsu
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",]
+|===
+|п╒п╦п© |п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─ |п п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ CPU |п╖п╦п©я│п╣я┌
+|PRIMERGY N4000 |Itanium |1 |?
+|===
+
+=== Hewlett-Packard
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",]
+|===
+|п╒п╦п© |п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─ |п п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ CPU |п╖п╦п©я│п╣я┌
+|i2000 |Itanium |2 |460GX
+|rx2600 |Itanium 2 |2 |zx1
+|rx5670 |Itanium 2 |4 |zx1
+|zx2000 |Itanium 2 |1 |zx1
+|zx6000 |Itanium 2 |2 |zx1
+|===
+
+=== Unisys
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",]
+|===
+|п╒п╦п© |п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─ |п п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ CPU |п╖п╦п©я│п╣я┌
+|ES7000 Orion 130 |Itanium 2 |32 |?
+|===
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/refs.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/refs.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bc20fa07d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/refs.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/ia64 -- я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩"
+sidenav: developers
+--- 
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/ia64 -- я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩
+
+'''''
+
+== п║п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩
+
+п²п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ я│п╬п╠я─п╟п╫ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ я│я│я▀п╩п╬п╨ п╫п╟ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩.
+
+=== п░я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟
+
+* Intel Software Developers Manual, revision 2.1
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/downloads/245317.htm[Volume 1: Application Architecture]
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/downloads/245318.htm[Volume 2: System Architecture]
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/downloads/245319.htm[Volume 3: Instruction Set Reference]
+
+=== п╖п╦п©я│п╣я┌
+
+* http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/downloads/248703.htm[Intel 460GX Chipset Datasheet]
+* http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/downloads/248704.htm[Intel 460GX Chipset System Software Developer's Manual]
+* Intel E8870 Chipset Datasheets
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/chipsets/datashts/251111.htm[Intel E8870IO Server I/O Hub (SIOH)]
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/chipsets/datashts/251112.htm[Intel E8870 Scalable Node Controller (SNC)]
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/chipsets/datashts/251113.htm[Intel E8870DH DDR Memory Hub (DMH)]
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/chipsets/datashts/252034.htm[Intel E8870SP Scalability Port Switch (SPS)]
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/chipsets/e7500/datashts/290732.htm[Intel 82870P2 PCI/PCI-X 64-bit Hub 2 (P64H2)]
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/chipsets/datashts/290744.htm[Intel 82801DB I/O Controller Hub 4 (ICH4)]
+* Hewlett-Packard zx1
+** http://h21007.www2.hp.com/dspp/files/unprotected/linux/zx1-ioa-mercury_ers.pdf[zx1 ioa reference specification]
+** http://h21007.www2.hp.com/dspp/files/unprotected/linux/zx1-mio.pdf[zx1 memory and I/O (mio) reference specification]
+
+=== п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐
+
+* http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/downloads/245358.htm[Software Conventions & Runtime Architecture Guide]
+* http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/downloads/245370.htm[Processor-specific Application Binary Interface (ABI)]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/todo.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/todo.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c207dd4f3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/todo.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/ia64 Project -- п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─я┐п╣п╪я▀п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀"
+sidenav: developers
+--- 
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/ia64 Project -- п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─я┐п╣п╪я▀п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀
+
+'''''
+
+п÷п╬п╦я│п╨ п╡ п╠п╟п╥п╣ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ PR п©п╬ FreeBSD/ia64:
+
+'''''
+
+== п╖я┌п╬ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄.
+
+п╜я┌п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡п╫п╬п╧ я┌п╬я┤п╨п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘, п╨я┌п╬ п©я▀я┌п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я┐я▌ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄. п▓п╬п╥я─п╟я│я┌ п©я┐п╫п╨я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п╫п╣ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ пЁп╬п╡п╬я─п╦я┌ п╬п╠ п╦я┘ п╡п╟п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, я│п╨п╬я─п╣п╣, я█я┌п╬ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╦п╧ п╥п╫п╟п╨. п∙я│я┌я▄ п©п╬я┘п╬п╤п╦п╣ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╣ п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫я▀ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄, п╫п╬ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╡ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣. п╒п╦п©п╦я┤п╫я▀п╪ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╬п╪ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╬п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╣п╠-я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ ia64... п╨ я│п╬п╤п╟п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌.
+
+=== п║я┌п╟я┌я▄ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╬п╧ я─п╟п╫пЁп╟ 1.
+
+п≤п╪п╣я▐ п╢п╡п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ 2 я─п╟п╫пЁп╟, я│п╟п╪п╬п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п©п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╬п╧ 1 я─п╟п╫пЁп╟. п║я▌п╢п╟ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╦:
+
+* пёп╩я┐я┤я┬п╦я┌я▄ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦, я┐я┤п╦я┌я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧, я┤я┌п╬ я┐п╤п╣ п╣я│я┌я▄ GPT я│ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╬п╪ EFI, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╧ я│ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟п╪п╦. п▓п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╦ п╬ FreeBSD п╡ п╪п╣п╫я▌ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ EFI я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╦п╪ п╢п╣п╩п╬п╪.
+* п÷п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╬я┌п╩п╟п╢я┤п╦п╨п╟ GNU. п∙пЁп╬ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╫п╣ я┘п╡п╟я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╟ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╦ п╬п╫ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪ 1 я─п╟п╫пЁп╟.
+* п÷п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ X-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ (ports/x11/XFree86-4-Server). п²п╟ я│п╟п╪п╬п╪ п╢п╣п╩п╣ п╫п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│я┌п╟я┌я┐я│п╟ 1 я─п╟п╫пЁп╟, п╫п╬ п╠п╣п╥ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╣ п╬п╠п╬п╧я┌п╦я│я▄, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╨п╬п╪я┐-я┌п╬ п╥п╟я┘п╬я┤п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ ia64 п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀.
+
+=== п÷п╬я─я┌я▀ п╦ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╦,
+
+п·я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╡п╟п╤п╫п╟я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я┐я│п©п╣я┘п╟ FreeBSD п╫п╟ ia64, п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╟я▐ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟я┌я▄ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬, п╨я─п╬п╪п╣ ls(1). п²п╟я┬п╟ п╬пЁя─п╬п╪п╫п╟я▐ п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣п╧ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄я▌ п╬я─п╦п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ п╫п╟ ia32, п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╫п╣ я┐п╢п╦п╡п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╣ я│я┌я─п╬я▐я┌я│я▐ п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ п╫п╟ ia64. п║п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ http://bento.freebsd.org/errorlogs/ia64-5-latest/[п╥п╢п╣я│я▄] я│п╟п╪я▀п╧ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╧ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╣п╫я▄ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╣ я│я┌я─п╬я▐я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ я┌п╣п╪ п╦п╩п╦ п╦п╫я▀п╪ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫п╟п╪. п≈п╟п╪п╣я┌я▄я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╣я│п╩п╦ п╣я│я┌я▄ п©п╬я─я┌я▀, п╥п╟п╡п╦я│я▐я┴п╦п╣ п╬я┌ п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╩п╦ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п╫п╣я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╦я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╦ п╫п╣ я│я┌я─п╬я▐я┌я│я▐ п╦ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢я│я┤п╦я┌я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐. п╔п╬я─п╬я┬п╦п╪ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╪ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╫п╟п╢ я┌п╣п╪п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╥п╟п╡п╦я│я▐я┴п╦я┘ п╬я┌ п╫п╦я┘ (я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╬п╫п╨я┐ "Aff." п╡ я┌п╟п╠п╩п╦я├п╣).
+
+=== п≈п╟я┌п╬я┤п╦я┌я▄ п©п╦п╩я┐.
+
+п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╧ (п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╟я│я│п╣п╪п╠п╩п╣я─п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬п╢п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪), п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╨я─я▀я┌п╦я▐ п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╠п╣п╥ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌п╦я▐ п╡п╬ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│п╨п╬я─п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦/п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╟п╢я▒п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦. п÷я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─ я█я┌п╦я┘ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╧ п╦ п╦я┘ п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╣п╧ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╣п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╟ п©п╟я─п╟п╩п╩п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╦ п╫п╣п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬ п╬я┌ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦п╧ п╦ п╫п╣ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ п╬пЁя─п╬п╪п╫я▀я┘ п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╦/п╦п╩п╦ п╬п©я▀я┌п╟.
+
+=== п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ я▐п╢я─п╟.
+
+п я─п╬п╪п╣ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣п╡я▀я┘ п╡п╣я┴п╣п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╣ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌, п╣я│я┌я▄ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣, п©п╬п╢я─п╟п╥я┐п╪п╣п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ п╦ п©п╬я┌п╣п╫я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╥п╟я┌я─п╬п╫я┐я┌я▄ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀. п║я▌п╢п╟ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐:
+
+* пёп╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ UP п╦ SMP п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╨п╦ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▐ PMAP. п·п╠я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨я┐ VM-п©я─п╣п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╫п╟ п╫п╦п╥п╨п╬п╪ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╦я┌я▄. п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п©п╬п╢я─п╟п╥я┐п╪п╣п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨п╟п╨ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄.
+* п■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─я▀ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡, я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘, п╨п╟п╨ sio(4) п╦ syscons(4), п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ п╫п╟ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟я┘ ia64, п╫п╣ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦я┘ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ я│я┌п╟я─я▀я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡. п╜я┌п╬ п╡п╣я│я▄п╪п╟ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╟я▐ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟, п©п╬я┌п╬п╪я┐ я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╥п╟я┌я─п╟пЁп╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╡я│п╣ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ п╦ п╪п╬п╣я┌ п©я─п╦п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ п╨ п©п╣я─п╣п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ (п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦я┘) я┤п╟я│я┌п╣п╧ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п©п╬п╢я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪. п·я┤п╣п╡п╦п╢п╫п╬, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╟ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╟ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ п╬п╠я┴я┐я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╦ п╨п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я├п╦я▌.
+* пёп╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ п╡ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦я▐я┘ я│ я─п╟п╥я─я▀п╡п╟п╪п╦ (я└п╦п╥п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧) п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п©я┐я┌я▒п╪ п╬я┌п╨п╟п╥п╟ п╬я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╟п╠п╩п╦я├ VM, п©п╬п╨я─я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╡я│я▒ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╫п╬п╣ п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я│я┌п╡п╬, п╡ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐ п©п╬п╨я─я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ "п╨я┐я│п╨п╦" п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╣п╧я│я▐ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦. п²п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п©п╬ я█я┌п╬п╧ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫п╣ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ п╦пЁп╫п╬я─п╦я─я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ п©я─п╦п╫я┐п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╨п╣.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/mips.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/mips.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..258922e796
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/mips.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/MIPS"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/MIPS
+
+п²п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╣ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я┐ MIPS.
+
+== п·п╠я┴п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐
+
+* <<faq,FAQ п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╣>>
+* <<list,п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD/MIPS>>
+
+[[faq]]
+== п╖п╟я│я┌п╬ п╥п╟п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╧ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀
+
+. <<one,п╖я┌п╬ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/MIPS?>>
+. <<two,п²п╟ п╨п╟п╨п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╡я▀ п╬я─п╦п╣п╫я┌п╦я─я┐п╣я┌п╣я│я▄?>>
+. <<three,п п╟п╨п╬п╡п╬ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌?>>
+. <<four,п п╟п╨ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ FreeBSD/MIPS?>>
+. <<four,п║ п╨п╣п╪ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я│п╡я▐п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐?>>
+
+[[one]]
+=== п╖я┌п╬ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/MIPS?
+
+FreeBSD/MIPS я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╬п╪ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─я▀ я│ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟п╪п╦ MIPS R4K п╦ п╡я▀я┬п╣, я│п╟п╪я▀п╪п╦ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╦п╥ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ MIPS-п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─я▀ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ SGI.
+
+[[two]]
+=== п²п╟ п╨п╟п╨п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╡я▀ п╬я─п╦п╣п╫я┌п╦я─я┐п╣я┌п╣я│я▄?
+
+п²п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ я█я┌п╬ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─я▀ MIPS п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ SGI. п▓ п╢п╟п╩я▄п╫п╣п╧я┬п╣п╪ п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ MIPS, я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣, п╨п╟п╨ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╡я│я┌я─п╟п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╦ п╫п╣я█п╨п╥п╬я┌п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─я▀ п╡ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦я▐я┘, п©п╬я┘п╬п╤п╦я┘ п╫п╟ я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ SGI.
+
+[[three]]
+=== п п╟п╨п╬п╡п╬ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌?
+
+FreeBSD/MIPS п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я─п╟п╫п╫п╦я┘ я│я┌п╟п╢п╦я▐я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦, п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я┐ п╬ link:../projects/mips[я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟] п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ п╡п╣п╢я┐я┴п╣п╧я│я▐ п╡ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╣п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣.
+
+[[four]]
+=== п п╟п╨ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ FreeBSD/MIPS?
+
+п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╫п╟п╢ FreeBSD/MIPS п╡п╣п╢я▒я┌я│я▐ п╡ я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╣ Perforce п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD, п╫п╬ п╦п╫п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ <<list,я│п©п╦я│п╨п╣ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦>>.
+
+[[five]]
+=== п║ п╨п╣п╪ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я│п╡я▐п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐?
+
+mailto:jmallett@FreeBSD.org[Juli Mallett] я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╩п╦п╢п╣я─п╬п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ п╫п╣п╧, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╢п╣п╩п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ я│п╡п╬п╦п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╡я▀я▐я│п╫п╦я┌я▄ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟, я┌п╬ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ я─п╣пЁя┐п╩я▐я─п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╣я┴п╟п╧я┌п╣ link:../projects/mips[я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я┐ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟] п╦п╩п╦ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ <<list,я│п©п╦я│п╨я┐ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD/MIPS>>.
+
+[[list]]
+== п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD/MIPS
+
+п■п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬я┌ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨, п©п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ `<freebsd-mips-subscribe@FreeBSD.org>` п╦п╩п╦ п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-mips[п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╬п╪ mailman].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/pc98.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/pc98.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d8b537123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/pc98.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/pc98"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/pc98
+
+FreeBSD/pc98 п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п©п╬я─я┌ FreeBSD, п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╣ NEC PC-98x1 (pc98). п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╢ я┌п╣п╪, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ FreeBSD/pc98 п╟п╫п╟п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╫п╬п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟я┘. п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╬п╠я┼я▒п╪ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ я▐п╢я─п╟ я┐п╤п╣ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤я▒п╫ п╡ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD, п╟ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╦я┘ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я│я┌я─п╬я▐я┌я│я▐ п╦п╥ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ п╫п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬.
+
+== п≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ FreeBSD/pc98
+
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/relnotes/CURRENT/hardware/pc98/[п≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╢п╩я▐ &rel.head;-CURRENT]
+
+== п╖я┌п╬ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄
+
+* п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╟п╪п╦ п╡ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫я┐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п╫п╣я├п╣п╩п╬я│я┌п╫я▀я┘ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╬п╡.
+* п▓п╬я│я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╥п╡я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╟ PC-9801-86.
+* п▓п╬я│я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ pcmcia-п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─п╟ MECIA.
+* п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ SMP-п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫.
+* п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─п╟ SASI.
+* п÷п╣я─п╣п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ boot[12], я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п╫ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╩ п╢п╡п╬п╦я┤п╫я▀п╧ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ ELF.
+
+== п║я│я▀п╩п╨п╦, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│ FreeBSD/pc98
+
+* http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/pc98/index.html.en[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD(98)]
+* http://www.nisoc.or.jp/~karl/freebsd-pc98/[п²п╣п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ FreeBSD(98), п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╩ karl (п╫п╟ я▐п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╬п╪)]
+* http://www32.ocn.ne.jp/~chi/FreeBSD/[п÷п╣я─я│п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦ Chi п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ FreeBSD(98) (п╫п╟ я▐п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╬п╪)]
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~kato/pc98.html[п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ Kato]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/ppc.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/ppc.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54efe5c706
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/ppc.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/ppc"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/ppc
+
+== п·п╠я┴п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐
+
+* <<intro,п▓п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣>>
+* <<news,п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦>>
+* <<faq,FAQ п©п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│я┐>>
+* <<hardware,п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣>>
+* <<list,п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD/ppc>>
+* <<issues,п≤п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀>>
+* <<doc,п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐, я│я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦, я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀>>
+* <<links,п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╫я▀п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦>>
+
+[[intro]]
+== п▓п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣
+
+п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╨п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD/ppc я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я┐ PowerPC(R). п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╨п╟п╨ п╦ я│п╟п╪ п©п╬я─я┌, я█я┌п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╡ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╣ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐.
+
+п÷п╬я─я┌ FreeBSD/ppc п╢п╬ я│п╦я┘ п╠п╟п╥п╦я─я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╣ Tier-2. п╜я┌п╬ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟я┬п╦п╪п╦ п╬я└п╦я├п╣я─п╬п╪ п©п╬ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╦п╫п╤п╣п╫п╣я─п╟п╪п╦, п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟я▌я┴п╦п╪п╦ п╥п╟ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ п╦ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─п╟п╪п╦ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌.
+
+'''''
+
+[[news]]
+== п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦
+
+* *25 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2005* : п╜я┌п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ п╠я▀п╩п╟ я│п╣я─я▄п╣п╥п╫п╬ п©п╣я─п╣я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╫п╟.
+
+'''''
+
+[[faq]]
+== п╖п╟я│я┌п╬ п╥п╟п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀
+
+. <<one,п п╟п╨ я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ FreeBSD/ppc?>>
+. <<two,п⌠п╢п╣ я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ FreeBSD/ppc?>>
+. <<three,п п╟п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬я─я┌я▀ п╫п╟ FreeBSD/ppc?>>
+. <<four,п║ п╨п╣п╪ я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐ я│п╡я▐п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐?>>
+
+[[one]]
+=== п п╟п╨ я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ FreeBSD/ppc
+
+п║я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌ ISO п╬п╠я─п╟п╥я▀, п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╨п╟я┤п╦п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ http://people.freebsd.org/~grehan/ppc_iso[п©п╬ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╣]. п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╧ 7.0-CURRENT ISO п╬п╠я─п╟п╥ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╣п╫ http://people.freebsd.org/~grehan/ppc_iso/latest.iso[п╬я┌я│я▌п╢п╟]. п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, я│п╩п╣п╢я┐п╧я┌п╣ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦я▐п╪п╦, п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ http://people.freebsd.org/~grehan/iso_install.txt[п©п╬ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╣].
+
+[[two]]
+=== п⌠п╢п╣ я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ FreeBSD/ppc?
+
+п▒п╩п╟пЁп╬п╢п╟я─я▐ п÷п╦я┌п╣я─я┐ п⌠я─п╣я┘п╟п╫я┐ (Peter Grehan) п╦ п╒п╦п╩я▄п╪п╟п╫ п⌡п╦п╫п╫п╣п╡п╣ (Tilman Linneweh), п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ http://people.freebsd.org/~grehan/ppc_pkgs/[я┌я┐я┌] п╦ http://people.freebsd.org/~arved/packages_powerpc/[я┌я┐я┌]. п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╥п╟п╪п╣я┌я▄я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ п╫п╟ я│п╣пЁп╬п╢п╫я▐я┬п╫п╦п╧ п╢п╣п╫я▄ п╢п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟я─п╣п╩п╦. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬, я┌п╬ я│я┌п╟я─п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬я─я┌я▀.
+
+[[three]]
+=== Kп╟п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬я─я┌я▀ п╫п╟ FreeBSD/ppc?
+
+п⌡п╣пЁп╨п╦п╧ п©я┐я┌я▄ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬я─я┌я▀ п╡п╬ FreeBSD, п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▐ я│ 6.0-RELEASe п╥п╟п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ portsnap. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡я┐, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╟ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п╡ link:{handbook}#ports-using[п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡].
+
+[[four]]
+=== п║ п╨п╣п╪ я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐ я│п╡я▐п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐?
+
+mailto:grehan@FreeBSD.org[Peter Grehan] - я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ я┐п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ я│я┌п╟я┌я┐я│п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟, п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ я─п╣пЁя┐п╩я▐я─п╫п╬ п╦п╩п╦ п©я─п╦я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫я▐п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ <<list,я│п©п╦я│п╨я┐ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD/ppc>>.
+
+'''''
+
+[[hardware]]
+== п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣
+
+п÷п╬я─я┌ FreeBSD/ppc п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ (New-World) п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╣. п÷п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦п╩п╦, я┤я┌п╬ FreeBSD я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╟ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟я┘:
+
+[cols=",,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|п÷я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄ |п°п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ |п я┌п╬ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦п╩ (я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╦ п╫п╣ п╠я▀я┌я▄) |п≈п╟п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦
+|Apple |iMac G3 350 MHz |mailto:diskiller@diskiller.net[Martin Minkus] |Rage 128VR
+|Apple |iMac G3 DV Special Edition |mailto:webmaster@machowto.com[David S. Besade] (http://people.freebsd.org/~flz/local/dmesg.ppc[dmesg]) |п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌
+|Apple |iMac G3 Revision B |mailto:grehan@FreeBSD.org[Peter Grehan] |Rage 3D Pro 215GP, accel disabled
+|Apple |eMac 700 MHz |mailto:grehan@FreeBSD.org[Peter Grehan] |Nvidia GeForce2 MX
+|Apple |Mac Mini G4 1.4 GHz |mailto:arved@FreeBSD.org[Tilman Linneweh] (http://people.freebsd.org/~arved/stuff/minimac[dmesg]) |п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌
+|Apple |Powerbook G4 1.33 GHz |mailto:grehan@FreeBSD.org[Peter Grehan] |Nvidia GeForce G5200
+|Apple |Aluminium Powerbook G4 1.5 GHz |mailto:toa@pop.agri.ch[Andreas Tobler] |п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌
+|===
+
+'''''
+
+[[list]]
+== п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD/ppc
+
+п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╨п╦ п╫п╟ я█я┌я┐ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨я┐, п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п╫п╟ `<freebsd-ppc-subscribe@FreeBSD.org>` п╦п╩п╦ п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ppc[п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╬п╪ mailman].
+
+'''''
+
+[[issues]]
+== п≤п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀
+
+* п²п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ AltiVec.
+* п▓я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ BMAC+ ethernet п╨п╟я─я┌п╬я┤п╨п╦ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌. п÷я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╫п╟п╢ bm(4) п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╪, п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀п╪ п╫п╟ п©п╣я─я│п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╨п╣ Peter Grehan http://people.freebsd.org/~grehan/[here] (see if_bm.c and if_bmreg.h).
+* п²п╣я┌ пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╨я┐я─я│п╬я─п╟ п╪я▀я┬п╦ п╡ п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩п╦.
+* п²п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ Fdisk.
+* п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ USB п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─я▀.
+* п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ Bluetooth, я┌п╬ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ 'п©п╬п╢п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧' п©п╬я─я┌ OHCI п╦ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╨ п╠п╣я│п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─п╣ п╦п╩п╦ п╪я▀я┬п╦. п÷я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟ п╥п╟п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ я┌п╬п╪, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╬ п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╢ я└п╦п╨я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ (fixed) п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─п╬п╧/п╪я▀я┬я▄я▌ п╦ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╪ п╫п╟ п╬я┤п╣я─п╣п╢п╦ п╨ syscons. п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ я─п╣я┬п╦я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я┐, PCI я│п╩п╬я┌, п╟я│я│п╬я├п╦п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ я│ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╫я▀п╪ ohci2 п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╬я┌п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ п╡ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я┤п╦п╨п╣:
++
+....
+OK set hint.pcib.1.skipslot=26
+....
+* п■п╩я▐ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫, п╠п╟п╥п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п╫п╟ ATI Radeon:
+** п÷я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨я┐ п╢п╦п╟п©п╟п╥п╬п╫п╟ ofw syscons п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╬я┌п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌я▄, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▐ sysctl hw.ofwfb.relax_mmap.
+** п²я┐п╤п╣п╫ я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ radeon http://people.freebsd.org/~grehan/radeon_driver.c[п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─]. п▓я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ Section "Device" я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ xorg.conf
++
+....
+Option "iBookHacks" "on"
+....
+* п║я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫п╟я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟ п╡ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я┤п╦п╨п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟я┌я▄ п╟п╩я▄я┌п╣я─п╫п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬, п╦ п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╢я─п╟ я─п╦я│п╨п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬. п÷я─п╦ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╣ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я┤п╦п╨п╟ п╦п╥ п©я─п╦пЁп╩п╟я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ (prompt) Open Firmware, я┐п╨п╟п╤п╦я┌п╣ п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╫п╣я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩, п╩п╦п╠п╬ я┌п╬я┌, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╫п╣ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╫п╟ п╫п╣п╪, п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╫п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ UFS я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╬п╪:
++
+....
+0 > boot hd:loader hd:0
+....
++
+п²п╟ я█я┌п╬п╪ я█я┌п╟п©п╣, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ currdev п╦ п╡я─я┐я┤п╫я┐я▌ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌я▄ я▐п╢я─п╬:
++
+....
+OK set currdev=hd:14
+OK load /boot/kernel/kernel.save
+....
+
+'''''
+
+[[doc]]
+== п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐, я│я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦, я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀
+
+* http://e-www.motorola.com/brdata/PDFDB/docs/MPCFPE32B.pdf[п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟ я┤п╦п© PowerPC]
+* http://www.firmworks.com/QuickRef.html[п я─п╟я┌п╨п╬ п╬ Open Firmware]
+* http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn1061.html["TN1061: п·я│п╫п╬п╡я▀ Open Firmware, я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ 1 - п≤п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ п÷п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐"]
+* http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn1062.html["TN1062: п·я│п╫п╬п╡я▀ Open Firmware, я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ 2 - п■п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ пёя│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡"]
+* http://developer.apple.com/techpubs/hardware/hardware2.html[п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ п©п╬ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ Apple п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡]
+* http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn2004.html["TN2004: п·я┌п╩п╟п╢п╨п╟ Open Firmware, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▐ Telnet"]
+* http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn2023.html["TN2023: Open Firmware Ethernet Debugging II - Telnet Downloading"]
+* http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn2001.html["TN2001: п≈п╟п©я┐я│п╨ п╓п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ я│ п╤я▒я│я┌п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟ п╡ Open Firmware"]
+* http://sourceware.cygnus.com/psim/[psim] - п║п╦п╪я┐п╩я▐я┌п╬я─ PowerPC, п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀п╧, п╨п╟п╨ п©п╬я─я┌ FreeBSD п╡ http://www.freshports.org/?package=psim-freebsd[emulators/psim-freebsd]
+
+[[links]]
+== п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╫я▀п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦
+
+* http://wikitest.freebsd.org/moin.cgi/powerpc[п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╨п╟ wiki, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐ FreeBSD/ppc]
+* http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-ppc/2005-January/000814.html[п·п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣, п©п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣ п⌠п╟я─п╟п╫я│п╬п╪ п░. п■я─п╬я┬п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ (Garance A. Drosehn) п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ FreeBSD п╫п╟ Mac Mini]
+* http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/macppc/[NetBSD/macppc]
+* http://www.OpenBSD.org/macppc.html[OpenBSD/macppc]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/sparc.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/sparc.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..489be8bb84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/sparc.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/sparc64"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/sparc64
+
+[[intro]]
+== п▓п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣
+
+п╜я┌п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╣ the FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я┐ Sun Microsystem UltraSPARC(R). UltraSPARC п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ я│я┌п╟я┌я┐я│ link:{committers-guide}#archs[Tier 1], п╦ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╪ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/ru[FreeBSD]. п╒п╣п╪ п╫п╣ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╣, п©п╬я─я┌ п╫п╣ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╥я─п╣п╩я▀п╧, п╨п╟п╨ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ i386 п╦п╩п╦ alpha п©п╬я─я┌я▀. п·п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ UltraSPARC п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╣ http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-sparc64[freebsd-sparc].
+
+[[toc]]
+== п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟п╫п╦п╣
+
+* <<who,п я┌п╬ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╪>>
+* <<news,п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦>>
+* <<hw,п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐>>
+* <<todo,п╖я┌п╬ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄>>
+* <<links,п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐>>
+
+[[who]]
+== п я┌п╬ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╪
+
+п÷п╬я─я┌ FreeBSD я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╡п╟п╩я│я▐ п╠п╩п╟пЁп╬п╢п╟я─я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧, п╨п╟п╨ п©я┐п╠п╩п╦я┤п╫п╬п╧, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ я│п╨я─я▀я┌п╬п╧:
+
+* {jake}
+* {tmm}
+* {obrien}
+
+[[news]]
+== п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦
+
+* *25 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2004* : п≈п╡я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╧ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ CS4231 п╠я▀п╩ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╦п╥ http://www.OpenBSD.org/[OpenBSD], п╦ я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╦п╣ я│я┌п╟п╫я├п╦п╦ я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ SBus, п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╡я┐п╨п╬п╡я▀п╪ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ (Ultra 1E, Ultra 2) п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦п╩п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╥п╡я┐п╨п╟.
+* *9 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2004* : п■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ auxio п╠я▀п╩ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╦п╥ http://www.NetBSD.org/[NetBSD].
+* *10 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 2004* : п■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ esp п╠я▀п╩ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╦п╥ http://www.NetBSD.org/[NetBSD], п╦ я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ Ultra 1E п╦ Ultra 2 п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ SCSI.
+* *18 я▐п╫п╡п╟я─я▐ 2003* : п■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ if_xl http://docs.FreeBSD.org/cgi/mid.cgi?200301190023.h0J0Nx0N068255[я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄] п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ -CURRENT.
+* *10 п╢п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▐ 2002* : п∙п╤п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫я▀п╣ я│п╫п╦п╪п╨п╦ 5.0-CURRENT я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ п╫п╟ ftp://ftp2.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/snapshots/sparc64[ftp2.FreeBSD.org].
+
+[[hw]]
+== п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐
+
+п²п╦п╤п╣ п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪. SMP п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘, я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┴п╦я┘ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┤п╣п╪ 1 п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─. п≈п╟ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/{rel120-current}R/hardware-sparc64.html[п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╣] я┌п╬пЁп╬ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/[я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟], п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╡я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌п╣.
+
+* Blade 100
+* Blade 150
+* Enterprise 220R
+* Enterprise 250
+* Enterprise 420R
+* Enterprise 450
+* Fire V100
+* Fire V120
+* Netra(TM) T1 105
+* Netra T1 AC200/DC200
+* Netra t 1100
+* Netra t 1120
+* Netra t 1125
+* Netra t 1400/1405
+* Netra 120
+* Netra X1
+* SPARCEngine(R) Ultra Axi
+* SPARCEngine Ultra AXmp
+* Ultra 1E
+* Ultra 2
+* Ultra(TM) 5
+* Ultra 10
+* Ultra 30
+* Ultra 60
+* Ultra 80
+
+п║п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐, п╫п╬ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╣п╫я▀ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п©п╬ я│п╣я┌п╦, п©п╬я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨я┐ SCSI п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐. п≤п╢п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п©п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ SCSI п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─п╟. п╜я┌п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ я│ esp п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╪, п╦п╪п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╦п╥ http://www.NetBSD.org[NetBSD].
+
+* Enterprise 3500
+* Enterprise 4500
+
+п║п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐.
+
+* п⌡я▌п╠п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ я│ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╬п╪ UltraSPARC III п╦п╩п╦ п╡я▀я┬п╣.
+* Ultra 1
+
+п⌡я▌п╠п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ я│ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╬п╪ *п╫п╣* UltraSPARC III п╦п╩п╦ п╡я▀я┬п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╫п╣я┌ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╣, я│п╨п╬я─п╣п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄, п╫п╬ п╣п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п▓п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟, п╫п╣ п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╣, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─я▄я┌п╣ п╣п╣ п╦ п╢п╟п╧я┌п╣ mailto:freebsd-sparc@FreeBSD.org[п╫п╟п╪] п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ п╫п╣п╧.
+
+[[todo]]
+== п╖я┌п╬ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄
+
+* п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ я█я┌я┐ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я┐ я┤п╟я┴п╣.
+
+[[links]]
+== п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐
+
+* http://www.sun.com/processors/manuals/[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ п©п╬ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟п╪ UltraSPARC]
+* http://www.sparc.org/standards.html[п║я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ SPARC]
+* http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sparc64/[NetBSD/sparc64]
+* http://www.openbsd.org/sparc64.html[OpenBSD/sparc64]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/xbox.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/xbox.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4aaa7e305e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/xbox.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/xbox"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD/xbox
+
+== п▓п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣
+
+FreeBSD/xbox - я█я┌п╬ п©п╬я─я┌ FreeBSD я│ я├п╣п╩я▄я▌ п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╣я▒ п╫п╟ Microsoft(R) Xbox(R) я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘. {rink} п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌. п·п╫ п©я─п╬п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я┐я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ п©п╬ п╫п╟п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▌ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌. mailto:ed@fxq.nl[Ed Schouten] п©п╬п╪п╬пЁп╟п╩ я│ я─п╣я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╦п╩ п╢п╣я┌п╟п╩п╦ п©п╬ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪ Xbox.
+
+== п║я┌п╟я┌я┐я│
+
+FreeBSD/xbox п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡п╬ FreeBSD 7-CURRENT п╦ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я█п╨я│п©п╣я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪. п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я└я─п╣п╧п╪п╠я┐я└п╣я─, Ethernet, п╥п╡я┐п╨ п╦ USB я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ (я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╨п╟п╨ USB п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩п╦).
+
+п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ live/install CD п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╣ п╫п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌.
+
+== п≈п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╟ -CURRENT я▐п╢п╣я─
+
+п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌я▄ FreeBSD 7-CURRENT, п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫я▌я▌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ BIOS'п╟ п╢п╩я▐ Linux/xbox, п╫п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣п╪я┐я▌ Cromwell (п╡ п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ я█я┌п╬ п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢я▒я┌ п╨ я┌п╬п╪я┐, я┤я┌п╬ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╟п╡п╟я─п╦п╧п╫п╬ п╥п╟п╡п╣я─я┬п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я│я─п╟п╥я┐ п╤п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦). Cromwell я│ UFS п©п╟я┌я┤п╟п╪п╦ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD (я█я┌п╬ п╥п╟я│я┌п╟п╡п╦я┌ Xbox п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟я┌я▄ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╫п╟п©я─я▐п╪я┐я▌ я│ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ UFS) п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╣п╫ п╡ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╡ /usr/ports/sysutils/cromwell. п·п╫п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╬ п╡ EEPROM п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▐ п©п╬я─я┌ /usr/ports/sysutils/raincoat (п╣я│п╩п╦ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡п╟я┬ Xbox п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ п╫п╦п╤п╣ 1.6).
+
+== пёя│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ п╫п╟ п╤я▒я│я┌п╨п╦п╧ п╢п╦я│п╨
+
+п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨я┐ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ Live CD, п╫п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╡я│я▒ п╡я─я┐я┤п╫я┐я▌. п÷я─п╣п╢п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п©п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╦я┌п╣ п╡п╟я┬ п╢п╦я│п╨, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я┐ FreeBSD/i386 п╦ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌п╣ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩ /boot/xboxlinux.cfg я│п╟п╪п╬я│я┌п╬я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ Cromwell п╪п╬пЁ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╦я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╨п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟я┌я▄.
+
+== п║я│я▀п╩п╨п╦
+
+* http://www.xbox-linux.org/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п©п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ Linux п╫п╟ Xbox]
+* http://www.xbox-bsd.nl/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п©п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ FreeBSD п╫п╟ Xbox]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/portmgr/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/portmgr/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5893777e08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/portmgr/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+---
+title: "п⌠я─я┐п©п©п╟ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+
+= п⌠я─я┐п©п©п╟ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦
+
+п⌠я─я┐п©п©п╟ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦ FreeBSD (п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я┐я▌ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌ п╨я─п╟я┌п╨п╬ `portmgr` п╦п╥-п╥п╟ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╣пЁп╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╟ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌я▀) п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╥п╟ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀, п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╬я┌п╫п╬я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨ http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports[п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD].
+
+== link:charter[пёя│я┌п╟п╡]
+
+п·п©п╦я│п╟п╫я▀ я├п╣п╩п╦, п©я─п╟п╡п╟ п╦ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀. п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟п╫п╦п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╬ я│ пёп©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦п╪ я│п╬п╡п╣я┌п╬п╪ FreeBSD.
+
+== link:policies[п÷я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟]
+
+п·п©п╦я│п╟п╫я▀ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╣ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐п╣я┌ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ я│п╡п╬п╦я┘ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤.
+
+== link:qa[п═п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п©п╬ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩я▌ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟]
+
+п▓п╥пЁп╩я▐п╢ п╦п╥п╫я┐я┌я─п╦ п╫п╟ я┌п╣ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©я─п╣п╢п©я─п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╟п╨я│п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+
+== пёя┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╦ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀
+
+portmgr@FreeBSD.org: {portmgr-members}
+
+п║п╣п╨я─п╣я┌п╟я─я▄: {erwin}
+
+== п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐, п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╟я▐ п╬я┌п╫п╬я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨ п╢п╣п╩я┐
+
+* link:{porters-handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD] +
+п·п╠я┴п╣п╣ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п©я─п╦я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╨п╟п╨ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌.
+* http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org[п п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD] +
+п╜я┌п╦ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫п╬ я│я┌я─п╬я▐я┌ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╠п╦п╫п╟я├п╦п╧ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ п·п║ п╦ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫я▀я┘ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─ (п©п╬ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ я┌п╣я─п╪п╦п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦, `я│я─п╣п╢ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐`) п╦ пЁп╣п╫п╣я─п╦я─я┐я▌я┌ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩я▀ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨, п╬я┌я─п╟п╤п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡я│я┌я─п╣я┌п╦п╩п╦я│я▄ п╡ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╣ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐.
+* п÷я─п╬я├п╣п╢я┐я─я▀ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧ FreeBSD +
+п·п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▌ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╟ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐.
+* п÷п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫п╫п╦я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ +
+п·п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢я▀, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀п╣ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╟ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧, п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╣пЁп╬ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▐я┘ я│ п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟п╪п╦. п·я│п╬п╠п╬п╣ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╣ я┐п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╬ я┌п╬п╪я┐, п╨п╟п╨ п©п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▐я┘ п╦ п╨п╟п╨ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄ я├п╣п╩п╬я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╟ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧.
+* {committers-guide}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD] +
+п▓п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩ п╦ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌ п╬я│п╬п╠я▀п╧ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡, п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+* link:{pr-guidelines}[п═п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я│ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘] +
+п╔п╬я┌я▐ я█я┌п╬я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╡ п©п╣я─п╡я┐я▌ п╬я┤п╣я─п╣п╢я▄ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟п╪ FreeBSD, п╬п╫ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©я─п╬я┤п╦я┌п╟п╫ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪п╦, п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪п╦я│я▐ я┌п╣п╪, п╨п╟п╨ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╣п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╦п╡п╩п╣я┤я▄ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╨ я│п╡п╬п╦п╪ PR.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/portmgr/charter.adoc b/website/content/ru/portmgr/charter.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43e43db0ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/portmgr/charter.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "пёя│я┌п╟п╡ п⌠я─я┐п©п©я▀ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦"
+sidenav: about
+--- 
+
+= пёя│я┌п╟п╡ п⌠я─я┐п©п©я▀ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦
+
+п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▐ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╬п╪, п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╡ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣п╧ я│я┌п╣п©п╣п╫п╦ п╦ п╡ п©п╣я─п╡я┐я▌ п╬я┤п╣я─п╣п╢я▄ п╨п╬п╫п╣я┤п╫я▀п╪ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ FreeBSD. п п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦ (portmgr) п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я┐, п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟я▌я┴я┐я▌ п╥п╟ п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╨ п╡ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦. п∙я▒ я│п╬я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╦п╨п╦ п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ пёп©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦п╪ я│п╬п╡п╣я┌п╬п╪ FreeBSD (core).
+
+п▓ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟ portmgr п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╥п╟ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╡ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╟я▐я│я▐ п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╠я▀п╩п╟ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧, я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧, п╟п╨я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╦ п╬п╠п╩п╟п╢п╟п╩п╟ п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╪ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╬п╪ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧. п∙я▒ п╡я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╣п╧ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я├п╦я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╫п╟п╢ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+
+п⌠я─я┐п©п©п╟ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫п╬я│я┌п╦:
+
+* п·п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я├п╣п╩п╬я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я▐ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦, п╡п╫п╬я│п╦п╪я▀п╪п╦ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ `ports` CVS-я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╟ FreeBSD. п║я▌п╢п╟ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─я▐п╪п╬п╣ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╡я▀п╪п╦ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟п╪п╦, п©я─п╬п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╣я│я┌п╬п╡я▀я┘ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐я┘ п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ я─п╬п╩п╦ п╟я─п╠п╦я┌я─п╟ п©п╬ п╬я┌п╫п╬я┬п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╨ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪.
+* п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org[п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╟ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧] п╦ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪п╦ FreeBSD.
+* п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ я│ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ пЁп╟я─п╟п╫я┌п╦п╦ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ п╡ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┌п╣ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╣п╫я▀ п╦ я┐я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ я│п╡п╬п╣п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬.
+* п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ я│ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟п╪п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD п╫п╟п╢ п╟п╨я┌я┐п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦.
+* п▓ я┌п╬п╧ п╪п╣я─п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╡п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╟ п╡ я─п╟п╪п╨п╟я┘ п╢п╬п╠я─п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟, п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╬п╠п╩я▌п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╟п╡ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╬п╡, я┤я▄п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫я▀ п╡ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▌ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+* п▓я▀я│я┌я┐п©п╟я┌я▄ п╡ я─п╬п╩п╦ п╡п╣п╢я┐я┴п╣пЁп╬ п╟я─п╠п╦я┌я─п╟ п╡ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐я┘ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ я┤п╩п╣п╫п╟п╪п╦ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ FreeBSD, я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪п╦ п╨п╟п╨ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─я▀ п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀.
+* пёп©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╬п╪ п╫п╟ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ CVS п╡ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡. п▓я│п╣ я┐я┌п╡п╣я─п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п©п╬я│я▀п╩п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ admins@ я│ п╨п╬п©п╦п╣п╧ п╢п╩я▐ core@; п╬п╫п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟п╫я▀ PGP-п╨п╩я▌я┤п╬п╪.
+* п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦я┘ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╦ п©п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨, п╬я┌я─п╟п╤п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п©я─п╟п╡п╟ п╦ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─п╬п╡ п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+* п÷п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п╡ п©я─п╦п╬я─п╦я┌п╣я┌п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╦я┘ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╧ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦я┌п╦я▐ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+
+п я─п╬п╪п╣ я│п╡п╬п╦я┘ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧, п⌠я─я┐п©п©п╟ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©я─п╣п╢п©я─п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟я┌я▄ п╩я▌п╠я▀п╣ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣, п©п╬ п╪п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌ п⌠я─я┐п©п©я▀, п©п╬п╧п╢я┐я┌ п╫п╟ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╣п╧ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+
+п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ link:../policies[п║п╡п╬п╢я┐ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡] п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀я▐я│п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦я┘ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤.
+
+п╜я┌п╬я┌ пёя│я┌п╟п╡ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╦я─я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ пёп©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦п╪ п║п╬п╡п╣я┌п╬п╪ FreeBSD. п·п╫ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌, п©п╬п╨п╟ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╪п╬п╢п╦я└п╦я├п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╦п╩п╦ п╬я┌п╪п╣п╫я▒п╫ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪; п╩я▌п╠я▀п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я█я┌п╬я┌ пёя│я┌п╟п╡ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я│п╬п╡я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я│ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/portmgr/policies.adoc b/website/content/ru/portmgr/policies.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7df6c42775
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/portmgr/policies.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+---
+title: "п÷п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п⌠я─я┐п©п©я▀ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п⌠я─я┐п©п©я▀ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦
+
+п▓ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╦ я│п╬ я│п╡п╬п╦п╪ link:../charter[пёя│я┌п╟п╡п╬п╪], п п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я▐п╣я┌ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬п╧ п╦п╥ я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦я┘ п©п╣я─п╣п╢ п╫п╣п╧ я├п╣п╩п╣п╧.
+
+== п·п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я├п╣п╩п╬я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡
+
+п■п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╢п╬п╠п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ я├п╣п╩п╬я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, portmgr п╡я▀я│я┌я┐п©п╟п╣я┌ п╡ я─п╬п╩п╦ п╣п╢п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я│п╡я▐п╥я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌ п╡я│я▒ п╡п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╬, п╡ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, `bsd.port.mk`. п╒п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╣ п╢п╣п╩п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╦ (п╡ п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╦п╣ п╬я┌ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡ BSD), п╩я▌п╠п╟я▐ я└п╟я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟ п╡ я█я┌п╦я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟я┘ п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╬ п╬я┌я─п╟п╥п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐я┘, п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╡п╬п╦я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+
+portmgr я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌ п©п╣я─п╦п╬п╢п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╣ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╡ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org[п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╟ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡]. п▓ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╬п╡ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╢п╬ п╦я┘ п╡я│я┌я┐п©п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я│п╦п╩я┐, п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п©я─п╦п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣:
+
+* п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ `bsd.port.mk`
+* п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╟я┘ я│п╬ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╪п╦ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦, п╡ я┌п╬п╪ я┤п╦я│п╩п╣ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─я▀ X11, GNOME, KDE, п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ п╦п╥ я│п╣я─п╦п╦ autotools п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣
+* п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫я▐я▌я┌ "я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣п╪я▀п╧ п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╬п╨" п╢п╩я▐ make-я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╡ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╩п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▒п╫п╫я▀я┘ make-п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ (`Makevar`). (п╨ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я┐, п╬п╠я┼п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╧ USE_*, WITH_* п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣)
+* п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╣ п╬п╠я┼я▒п╪я▀ п©я─я▐п╪я▀я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╣ (п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦п╦ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡)
+
+п≤ я│п╫п╬п╡п╟, п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡п╦я▐ п╡п╣я┌п╬п╨ п╡ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╣ CVS, п╩я▌п╠я▀п╣ п╨я─я┐п©п╫я▀п╣ я│п╠п╬п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡я▀п╥п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╩я▌п╠я▀п╪ п╦п╥ п╡я▀я┬п╣п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦п╧, п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡я▀я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╢п╬ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨ п╬п╫п╦ я│п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╥п╟я┌я─п╬п╫я┐я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧.
+
+portmgr п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╥п╟ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п©я─п╟п╡п╬ п╡я▀я│я┌я┐п©п╟я┌я▄ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╣пЁп╬ п╟я─п╠п╦я┌я─п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╬п╡ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╡ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╣я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я┌я┐п╟я├п╦я▐я┘, п╡ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦: п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣, п©п╬ п╦я┘ п╪п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌, п╢п╣я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩п╦п╥п╦я─я┐я▌я┌ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▌ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡; п╫п╟я─я┐я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ POLA (п©я─п╦п╫я├п╦п©п╟ п╫п╟п╦п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╣пЁп╬ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐) п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ FreeBSD, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╦ я─п╟п╥п╫п╬пЁп╩п╟я│п╦п╧ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟п╪п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫я▀ п╦п╪п╦ я│п╟п╪п╬я│я┌п╬я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬.
+
+== п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org[п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╟ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡]
+
+portmgr п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ я│я┌я─п╬я▐я┌ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╠п╦п╫п╟я├п╦п╧ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡я▄п╣п╡ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╦ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─ я├п╣п╫я┌я─п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╬п╡ (п╡ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ я┌п╣я─п╪п╦п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦, `я│я─п╣п╢ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐` п╦п╩п╦ `buildenv`). п∙я│п╩п╦ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┌ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐, я┌п╬ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╦ я─п╣пЁя┐п╩я▐я─п╫п╬ п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╫п╬п╣ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╬ FTP п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ "п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦я┘ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧", я┌п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╦ я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡я▐я┌я│я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪п╦ FreeBSD. п·я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦ п©я─п╦ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─п╟п╪ п╦/п╦п╩п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌п╦я▐ п╪п╣я─ п©п╬ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ я│п╦я┌я┐п╟я├п╦п╦.
+
+п▓ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟я▐я┘ п©п╬я─я┌я▀ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©п╣я─п╣я│я┌п╟я┌я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ п╠п╟п╥п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ FreeBSD (п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ src/). п▓ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ п⌠я─я┐п©п©п╟ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦ п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╥п╟я┌я─п╬п╫я┐я┌я▀я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪п╦ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─п╟п╪п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+
+== п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ я│ п⌠я─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD
+
+== п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ я│ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟п╪п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD
+
+portmgr п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©п╬п╪п╬пЁп╟я┌я▄ п╡ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╟п╫п╦п╦ link:{porters-handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п©п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD] п╡ п╟п╨я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦ п╡ я┌п╬п╪ п╢я┐я┘п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧, п©п╬ п╦я┘ п╪п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌, я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ "п╫п╟п╦п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╧ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦п╨п╬п╧" п╢п╩я▐ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+
+(п╕п╣п╩я▄я▌ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ 'п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩', п╫п╬ п╦ п╬п╠я┼я▐я│п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, 'п©п╬я┤п╣п╪я┐ п╡ make-я└п╟п╧п╩п╟я┘ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫я▀ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╣я┴п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪я▀ я│я┤п╦я┌п╟п╣п╪ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪п╦'. п▓ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ я─я▐п╢ "я┤п╟я│я┌п╫я▀я┘ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣п╡", п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪п╦ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟я┘ `bsd.*.mk` п©я─п╦я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ я┘п╦я┌я─п╬я┐п╪п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢ -- п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ я│ CDROM, п©п╬ NFS п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣ -- п╦ п╫п╣п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╣ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╬п╡ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©я─п╦п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ п╨ я┌п╬п╪я┐, я┤я┌п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─п╟п╪п╦ я┐п©я─п╬я┴я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢я▀ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╡ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╨я─п╟п╧п╫п╦я┘ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟я▐я┘.)
+
+portmgr п╫п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╣п╢п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ я┘п╬п╥я▐п╦п╫п╬п╪ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п©п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╬п╫п╬ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╬ п╡ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╣ `doc/`. п°я▀ я─п╟п╢я▀ п©я─п╦я│я▀п╩п╟п╣п╪я▀п╪ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟я┘ п╦ п©я─п╦п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐п╣п╪ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ `doc` п╫п╟п╢ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п©п╬п╪п╬пЁп╟п╣я┌ п╬п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦п╨я┐. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╪я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╣п╩п╦ п╠я▀ п╥п╟п©я─п╬я│п╦я┌я▄, п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╤п╣я│я┌п╟ п╡п╣п╤п╩п╦п╡п╬я│я┌п╦, п©я─п╟п╡п╬ п╫п╟ п©п╣я─п╣я│п╪п╬я┌я─ п╩я▌п╠я▀я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬пЁп╩п╦ п╠я▀ п╬я┌я─п╟п╥п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢п╟я├п╦я▐я┘.
+
+п я─п╬п╪п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╫п╣п╢п╟п╡п╫п╬ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╩п╟ п╦п╢п╣я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟ "п÷я─п╟п╡п╟ п╦ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─п╬п╡ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡". portmgr п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я█я┌п╦ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦я▐ п╦ я─п╟я│я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌ п╩я▌п╠я▀п╣ п©я─п╣п╢п╡п╟я─п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟.
+
+portmgr я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╥п╟ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я┐я▌ п╢я─я┐пЁя┐я▌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌, п╡ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я▀ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+
+== пёп╡п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я▌я─п╦п╢п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ п©я─п╟п╡ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╬п╡, я┤я▄п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▌ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡
+
+п▓ я┌п╬п╧ п╪п╣я─п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╟ п╡ я─п╟п╪п╨п╟я┘ п╢п╬п╠я─п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟, portmgr п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╢ я│п╬п╠п╩я▌п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п©я─п╟п╡ я┌п╣я┘ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╬п╡, я┤я▄п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▌ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡. п║я▌п╢п╟ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╣п╧ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩ `ports/LEGAL` п╦ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ `make-п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘`, я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╣п╧ п╦, п╡я│п╩п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╦п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╠п╦п╫п╟я─п╫я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡.
+
+п▓ я─п╣п╢п╨п╦я┘ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟я▐я┘ п©п╬ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╟ п©я─п╦ я█я┌п╬п╪ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬я─я┌ п╦ п╡я│п╣ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ п╦ п╢п╡п╬п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀.
+
+portmgr п©я─п╬я│п╦я┌ п╫п╟я┬п╦я┘ п╢п╬п╠я─п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ я┌я┴п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я│п╬п╠п╩я▌п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╬пЁя─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╫п╟п╨п╩п╟п╢я▀п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╟п╪п╦, п©я─п╦ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╢п╩я▐ я┤п╩п╣п╫п╬п╡ portmgr я│п╟п╪п╦п╪ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╣п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п╬пЁя─п╬п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+
+== п▓я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ я─п╬п╩п╦ п©п╣я─п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╩п╦я├п╟ п©я─п╦ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╦ я│п©п╬я─п╬п╡ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪п╦ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╟п╪п╦ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ FreeBSD, п╨п╟п╨ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─я▀ п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀
+
+portmgr п©я─п╦п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ FreeBSD я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ п╡ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я│п╦п╦ п╡ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╦ я│ п©я─п╦п╫я├п╦п©п╟п╪п╦, п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╡ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟. п▓ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ я─п╟п╥п╫п╬пЁп╩п╟я│п╦п╧ п╪я▀ п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪ п╥п╟ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ я─п╬п╩я▄ п╟я─п╠п╦я┌я─п╟, я┤я┌п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╣я─п╣я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣п╫п╬ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪.
+
+== пёп©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╬п╪ я│ CVS п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╬п╡ п╡ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡
+
+пёп©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦п╧ я│п╬п╡п╣я┌ FreeBSD п╢п╣п╩п╣пЁп╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╩ portmgr п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╥п╟ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╬п╪ п╨ CVS п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╣ `ports/`. п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟я│я│п╪п╟я┌я─п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤я┐ п╦ п╩п╦я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╟п╡ п╫п╟ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╣п╧ п╦п╫я│я┌п╟п╫я├п╦п╣п╧ п╡ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟п╪, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ CVS-я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╟ FreeBSD.
+
+п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╡я▀п╢п╡п╦пЁп╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я┘п╬я┤п╣я┌ п╡я▀я│я┌я┐п©п╟я┌я▄ п╡ я─п╬п╩п╦ п╫п╟я│я┌п╟п╡п╫п╦п╨п╟. п÷я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я┌я▄ п╨я─п╟я┌п╨п╬п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╨п╩п╟п╢п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╡п╫я▒я│ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪я▀п╧ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─, п╡ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п©я─п╦я│п╩п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟я┘, п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╦п╪ п╫п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦п╣ п©я─п╟п╡ п╫п╟ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╬п╡ п╡ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡я▄я▐я┘, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╬п╫п╦ п╣я│я┌я▄.
+
+п÷я─п╦ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я─п╟я│я│п╪п╟я┌я─п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌я┐ п╦я│я┌п╬я─п╦я▌ п╫п╟я─п╟п╡п╫п╣ я│п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪п╦ п©я─п╬я┤п╦п╪п╦ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╦п╪п╦ п╬я┌п╫п╬я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨ п╢п╣п╩я┐ я└п╟п╨я┌п╬я─п╟п╪п╦. п═п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌я▀ пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╡п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╢п╬ я│п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD.
+
+п▓ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╦ я│ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦п╨п╬п╧, п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я▐п╣п╪п╬п╧ п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ п╡ я├п╣п╩п╬п╪, п╫п╣п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п©п╣я─п╦п╬п╢п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╬п©я─п╟я┬п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п©я─п╣п╢п╪п╣я┌ п╡я▀я▐я│п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦я┘ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╟ п╨ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫п╦я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟п╢ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡. п п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╣ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟я▌я┌ п╫п╟ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╣ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╦п╩п╦ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟я▌я┌ п╫п╣пЁп╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬, я┌п╣я─я▐я▌я┌ я│п╡п╬п╦ п©я─п╟п╡п╟ п╫п╟ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╬п╡. п▓ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╣п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©п╣я─п╦п╬п╢ я─п╟п╡п╣п╫ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╪я┐ пЁп╬п╢я┐.
+
+п▓ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟я▐я┘ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬я▐п╡п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ п╡ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п©п╬ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫п╟п╪. п╜я┌п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я│п╣я─я▄я▒п╥п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╢я┐п╪я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╣п╢п╪п╣я┌п╬п╪ я─п╟я│я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ п÷я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪.
+
+== п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡ п╦ п©п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨, п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п©я─п╟п╡п╟ п╦ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п╦ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─п╬п╡ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡
+
+portmgr п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╥п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨я┐ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡ п╦ п©п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨, п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п©я─п╟п╡п╟ п╦ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п╦я┘ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─п╬п╡, я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╨п╟п╨ п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌я▀ п╫п╟ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟, я┐я│п╩п╬п╡п╦я▐, п©я─п╦ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─я▀ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╦п╩п╦ п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫я▀, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟.
+
+п■п╩я▐ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╡п╬п╣п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟я┘, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, portmgr я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╩ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, п╨п╟п╨ п╢п╬п╩пЁп╬ PR, п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я┐, п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬п╧ п╢п╬ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╣я▒ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я─п╣я┬п╦я┌я▄ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ "я┌п╟п╧п╪-п╟я┐я┌ п╬я┌ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─п╟". п²п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ я█я┌п╬я┌ я│я─п╬п╨ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫ п╡ п╢п╡п╣ п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩п╦ (п╫п╣ я│я┤п╦я┌п╟я▐ п╥п╟п╪п╬я─п╬п╥п╬п╨ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п╬п╠я┴п╣п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▀п╣ п©я─п╟п╥п╢п╫п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╫п╦.)
+
+п я─п╬п╪п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦я┌я▄ я│п╡п╬п╣п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, portmgr я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╩ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨ п╢п╬п╩пЁп╬ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╪ п╠п╣п╥ п╩п╦я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╟п╡ п╫п╟ я│я┌п╟я┌я┐я│ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─п╟. "п²п╣п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬я│я┌я▄" п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄ п╫п╣ п╡ п╠я┐п╨п╡п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ я│п╪я▀я│п╩п╣, п╬п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩я▐ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п╡п╣я┴п╣п╧, п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╣я─п╣я┬я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╣ PR, п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╬п╡ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪п╦ п╩я▌п╢я▄п╪п╦ п©я─п╦ п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─п╟, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫п╣я─п╣я┬я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐. п╫п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©п╣я─п╦п╬п╢ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫ п╡ я┌я─п╦ п╪п╣я│я▐я├п╟.
+
+п╕п╣п╩я▄я▌ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩ п╫п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╩п╦ п╡п╦п╫я▀, п╫п╬ п╬п╫п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╬я┌я─п╟п╤п╟я┌я▄ я┌п╬я┌ я└п╟п╨я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣, я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▌ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╬ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╠п╣п╥ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩я▐ FreeBSD. п╖п╟я│я┌я▄я▌ п╥п╟п╠п╬я┌, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я┐я▌ п╫п╣я│я▒я┌ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─ п©п╬я─я┌п╟, я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╬п╪ п╦ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▒п╫п╫п╬п╪ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦, п╫п╟я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬. п▒я▀п╩п╬ п╠я▀ п╫п╣я│п©я─п╟п╡п╣п╢п╩п╦п╡п╬ п©п╬ п╬я┌п╫п╬я┬п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╨ п╫п╟я┬п╦п╪ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▌ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪ я│ п©я─п╬я┘п╩п╟п╢я├п╣п╧ п╦ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я┌я▄ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│я┌п╟я─я▀п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╪я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣п╪, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я│п╣ п╫п╟я┬п╦ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─я▀ п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪п╦ п╤п╣ п╢п╬п╠я─п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄я├п╟п╪п╦, п╨п╟п╨ п╦ п╪я▀, п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐, п╨п╟п╨ п╦ п╡ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╪ п╢п╬п╠я─п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣, п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬ п©п╣я─п╣пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌я▄ я│п╣п╠я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╧ п╦п╩п╦ п©п╬я┌п╣я─я▐я┌я▄ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│ п╨ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬я─я┌я┐.
+
+п°я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─я▀ п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я┤я┐п╡я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╟ п╫п╦я┘ п╩п╣пЁп╩п╟ я│п╩п╦я┬п╨п╬п╪ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╟я▐ п╫п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╟, п╦п╩п╦ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©п╬я┌п╣я─я▐п╩п╦ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│ п╨ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬я─я┌я┐, п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬ п©я─п╬я│п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╬п╠я─п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄я├п╟ п╦/п╦п╩п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╡я─п╟я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ п╡ п╬п╠я┴п╦п╧ п©я┐п╩. п╜я┌п╬ п©п╬п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╫п╣ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▌ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╡ п╟п╨я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦, п╫п╬ п╦, п╨п╟п╨ п╪я▀ п╫п╟п╢п╣п╣п╪я│я▐, п╦п╥п╠п╣п╤п╟я┌я▄ п╦п╥п╩п╦я┬п╫п╣п╧ п╫п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╢п╬п╠я─п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄я├п╣п╡.
+
+== п÷я─п╦п╬я─п╦я┌п╣я┌п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╦я┘ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╧ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦я┌п╦я▐ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╡ я├п╣п╩п╬п╪
+
+portmgr п╬я│п╬п╥п╫п╟я▒я┌, я┤я┌п╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ п╦ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦я┌п╦п╣ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╡ п©п╣я─п╡я┐я▌ п╬я┤п╣я─п╣п╢я▄ п╡п╣п╢я▒я┌я│я▐ я─я┐п╨п╟п╪п╦ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬, п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡п╦я▐ п╡п╣я┌п╬п╨ п╡ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╦п╫п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п╨п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦ п╢п╟п╤п╣ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣п╪я▀п╪п╦ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦.
+
+п▓ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ я│п╪я▀я│п╩п╣ я█я┌п╬ п©п╬п╢я─п╟п╥я┐п╪п╣п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ п©п╟я┌я┤п╦ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╣ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡я▀я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ п╨п╬п╫я│п╣п╫я│я┐я│п╟ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ я─п╟п╥п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╫я▀п╪п╦ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢п╟п╪п╦, я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ "п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡" п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/portmgr/qa.adoc b/website/content/ru/portmgr/qa.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7413014625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/portmgr/qa.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+title: "п≈п╟п╢п╟я┤п╦ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩я▐ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п⌠я─я┐п©п©я▀ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦"
+sidenav: about
+--- 
+
+= п≈п╟п╢п╟я┤п╦ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩я▐ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п⌠я─я┐п©п©я▀ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦
+
+п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ я─я▐п╢ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌ п⌠я─я┐п©п©п╟ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦ п╡ я├п╣п╩я▐я┘ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡. п·п╫п╦ п╢п╣п╩я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╢п╡п╣ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╣ п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦п╦: <<qa-before-release,п╪п╣я─п╬п©я─п╦я▐я┌п╦я▐ п╡п╬ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ я├п╦п╨п╩п╟ п©п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟>> п╦ <<qa-between-releases,п╪п╣я─п╬п©я─п╦я▐я┌п╦я▐ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ я├п╦п╨п╩п╟п╪п╦ п©п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡>>.
+
+[[qa-before-release]]
+== п°п╣я─п╬п©я─п╦я▐я┌п╦я▐ п╡п╬ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ я├п╦п╨п╩п╟ п©п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟
+
+* п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ я│ link:{releng}[п⌠я─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡] п©п╬ п╨п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я├п╦п╦ пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╨п╟ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟.
+* п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ я│ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ RE п©п╬ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣ п©я─п╣п╢п╡п╟я─п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫я▀ п╫п╟ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╬я┤п╫я▀п╣ ISO-п╬п╠я─п╟п╥я▀.
+* пёп©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╟п╪п╦ п╡ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ CVS п╡ я├п╣п╩я▐я┘ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬п╢я─п╟п╥я┐п╪п╣п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я┬п╟пЁп╬п╡:
+. п·п╠я┼я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬ п©я─п╦п╬я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌ п╦ пЁп╣п╫п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─. п╖п╟я│я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ п©п╬п╡я┌п╬я─я▐п╣я┌я│я▐, п©п╬я┌п╬п╪я┐ я┤я┌п╬ п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╟я┘ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦, п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╣ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я▌я┌ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ я─п╦я│п╨п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©я─п╦п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ п╨ я┌п╬п╪я┐, я┤я┌п╬ я┐п╤п╣ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п╡п╫п╣я│п╣п╫п╦я▐ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧.
++
+п■п╩я▐ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я├п╣п╩п╬я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦ п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ _п╡я│п╣_ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я│п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ я│ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦. п·п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐:
+** п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╡п╩п╦я▐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╫п╟ я┐я│п©п╣я┬п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟;
+** п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╨я─п╦я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡;
+** п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ я│ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ я│п╬пЁп╩п╟я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦.
+п  я│п╬п╤п╟п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌, п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п╫п╣п╡п╣я─п╬я▐я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я─п╟ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦ я│п╨п╬я─п╬я│я┌п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╨ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌я┐ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦ п╫п╣п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬.
+. п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ п╠п╩п╬п╨п╦я─я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╩я▌п╠я▀я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦ п©п╬п╪п╣я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ CVS-п╪п╣я┌п╨п╬п╧.
+. п≈п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ я─п╟п╥п╠п╩п╬п╨п╦я─п╬п╡я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦ п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬ `п©п╬п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╨п╣`. п╜я┌п╬ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╡п╫п╬я│п╦я┌я▄ п╡ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▌ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╫п╬ я│ я┌п╣п╪, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╦ п╫п╣ п©п╬я▐п╡я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ ISO я│ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╪. п▓ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╟я┘ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п╦п╥п╠п╣пЁп╟я┌я▄ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╡п╣я┴п╣п╧:
+** п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ я│п╬ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╪п╦ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦, п╡ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─я▀ X11, KDE п╦ GNOME;
+** п©я─я▐п╪я▀п╣ п╨п╬п©п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╣ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡;
+** п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣.
++
+п÷я─п╦я┤п╦п╫п╟, п©п╬ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╪я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦п╪ п╦п╥п╠п╣п╤п╟я┌я▄ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╬п╡, п╥п╟п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ я┌п╬п╪, я┤я┌п╬ п╣я│п╩п╦ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣п╫п╟ п╨п╟п╨п╟я▐-я┌п╬ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│п╣я─я▄я▒п╥п╫п╟я▐ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟ (я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ я│ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╦п╩п╦ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟п╪п╦ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐), я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╟п╪ п©я─п╦п╢я▒я┌я│я▐ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я┐я▌ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╣я│п╣п╫я▀ п╫п╟ ISO c я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╪, я┌п╬ п╨п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪я┐ п©я─п╬я┤п╣п╪я┐ п╫п╟п╪ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ CVS-п╪п╣я┌п╨я┐ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╦ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╪я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╦п╪ п╟п╠я│п╬п╩я▌я┌п╫п╬ п╡я│п╣ п╡п╦п╢я▀ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧, я┌п╬ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨ я─п╦я│п╨, я┤я┌п╬ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢я▒я┌ п╨ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п©п╬п╡я┌п╬я─п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ я│п╫п╬п╡п╟ п╦ я│п╫п╬п╡п╟, п╦ п╡ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╣ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ п©п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╠п╣я│п╨п╬п╫п╣я┤п╫я▀п╪.
++
+п п╟п╨ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ RE п╦ portmgr п╬я│я┌п╟п╫я┐я┌я│я▐ п╢п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╦я┌п╬пЁп╬п╡я▀п╪ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣п╪ ISO я│ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╪, п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я│п╫п╬п╡п╟ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╬п╡.
+
+[[qa-between-releases]]
+== п°п╣я─п╬п©я─п╦я▐я┌п╦я▐ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ я├п╦п╨п╩п╟п╪п╦ п©п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡
+
+* пёп©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟п╪п╦ http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org[п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╟ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡]. п·п╫п╦ п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫п╬ я│я┌я─п╬я▐я┌ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╠п╦п╫п╟я├п╦п╧ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ п·п║ п╦ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─ п╕п÷ (п©п╬ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ я┌п╣я─п╪п╦п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ `я│я─п╣п╢ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐`.)
++
+п▓ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╣ я█я┌п╦я┘ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╧ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ пЁп╣п╫п╣я─п╦я─я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩я▀ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я│я┌я─п╬я▐я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬ (п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п©п╬ URL-п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ п╡я▀я┬п╣). п÷п╣я─п╦п╬п╢п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟ п©п╬п╪п╣я┤п╟п╣я┌ я█я┌п╦ п©п╬я─я┌я▀ п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╣я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╦п╣ (BROKEN), я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я█я┌п╬ п╪п╬пЁп╩п╦ я┐п╡п╦п╢п╣я┌я▄ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─я▀. (п║п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣.)
++
+пёя│п©п╣я┬п╫п╬ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ (п©п╬ п╨я─п╟п╧п╫п╣п╧ п╪п╣я─п╣, я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬) я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╨п╬п©п╦я─я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╫я▀п╧ FTP-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п╦ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪ я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡я▐я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌ "я│п╟п╪я▀п╪п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╪п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟п╪п╦" п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡, п╟ п╫п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+* п·п©п╬п╡п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ FreeBSD п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟я┘ п╡ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п╫п╦ п╫п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п©я─п╬п©я┐я┴п╣п╫я▀. п■п╩я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╬я┌я┤я▒я┌п╬п╡, п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪я▀я┘ п©п╬ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌п╣. п╒п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╬я┌п╪п╣я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╨п╟п╨ `п╬п╠я┴п╣п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀п╣`, п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡п╬ freebsd-ports.
+** п╬п╠я┴п╣п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀п╧ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╣п╫я▄ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, я┐п╢п╟п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪ я│ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌, п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╩п╦ п╬п╠я┴п╣п╧ я┐я│я┌п╟я─п╣п╩п╬я│я┌п╦, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╢п╬ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│п╦я┌я┐п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟.
+** я┤п╟я│я┌п╫я▀п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╟ п╡я│п╣п╪ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─п╟п╪ п╥п╟я┌я─п╬п╫я┐я┌я▀я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ (п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п©п╬я─я┌я▀, п╥п╟п╡п╦я│я▐я┴п╦п╣ п╬я┌ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╡я▀я┬п╣).
+** я┤п╟я│я┌п╫я▀п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╟ п╡я│п╣п╪ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─п╟п╪ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я┐п╤п╣ п©п╬п╪п╣я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╣я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╦п╣ (BROKEN) п╦/п╦п╩п╦ п╥п╟п©я─п╣я┴я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ (FORBIDDEN).
+** я┤п╟я│я┌п╫я▀п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╟ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─п╟п╪, п╫п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦п╪я│я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟п╪п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╦ PR п╬ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╟я┘ (п╢п╩я▐ п╬я┌п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦ PR, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬пЁп╩п╦ п╫п╣ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╦п╪ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ Cc:).
+** я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡я│п╣п╪ п╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╟я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╟я─я┐я┬п╟я▌я┌ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ INDEX.
+** п╬п©п╬п╡п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╟я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╪п╣я┌п╟-п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╬ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐я┘ п╪п╣п╫я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╫я┐я▌ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫я┐ (п╦ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪ п╡п╡п╬п╢я▐я┌ п╡ п╥п╟п╠п╩я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╨п╟п╨ portupgrade).
+** п╬п╠я┴п╣п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀п╧ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ п©п╬ п╨я─п╟п╧п╫п╣п╧ п╪п╣я─п╣ п╬п╢п╦п╫ я└п╟п╧п╩, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╫п╣п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌я▄ я│ п╩я▌п╠п╬пЁп╬ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│п╟п╧я┌п╟, п╫п╣ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│я▐я┴п╣пЁп╬я│я▐ п╨ FreeBSD. п÷п╬п╩п╫я▀п╧ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╬п╡ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨п╦ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╡я│п╣я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ я│п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ я│п╡п╬п╦я┘ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╫я▀п╧ я│п╟п╧я┌п╬п╡ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╡ http://people.FreeBSD.org/~fenner/portsurvey/[я┌п╣я│я┌п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п▒п╦п╩п╩п╟ п╓п╣п╫п╫п╣я─п╟].
+** я┤п╟я│я┌п╫я▀п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╟ п╪я█п╧п╫я┌п╣п╧п╫п╣я─п╟п╪ п╥п╟я┌я─п╬п╫я┐я┌я▀я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╣я│п╩п╦ п©п╬я─я┌ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©п╬п╪п╣я┤п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╣я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╦п╧ (BROKEN), п╨п╬п©п╦я▐ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ Cc: п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╣п╪я┐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я┐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟. (п╜я┌п╟ п©п╬я┤я┌п╟ п╫п╣ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦п╥п╦я─я┐п╣я┌я│я▐, п╫п╬ п╬п╫п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ п©п╬я│я▀п╩п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨п╟п╨ п╤п╣я│я┌ п╡п╣п╤п╩п╦п╡п╬я│я┌п╦.)
+** я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌ NO_LATEST_LINK. (п÷п╬я─я┌я▀, я┐ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╦ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐, п╦ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ п╡ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦, п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╡ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣п╣ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╤п╣п╩п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╦п╥ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟п╩п╦ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌, п╟ п╫п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ п╡ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╣, я┌п╬ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─; п╡ п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я┌ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫я▌я▌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌.)
+* пёп╢п╟п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟я─п╣п╡я┬п╦я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡. п÷п╬я─я┌я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я┐п╤п╣ п©п╬п╪п╣я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╨п╟п╨ BROKEN п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧-я┌п╬ п©п╣я─п╦п╬п╢ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦, п©п╬п╪п╣я┤п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╨п╟п╨ DEPRECATED (я│ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╬п╧ EXPIRATION_DATE), п╟ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ я┐п╢п╟п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╥п╟ п╦я│я┌п╣п╨я┬п╣п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╫п╦п╨я┌п╬ п╦я┘ п╫п╣ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩. п╕п╣п╩я▄я▌ я┌п╟п╨п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╨п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╣я│п╩п╦ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦п╩ п©п╬я─я┌, я┌п╬ п╬п╫ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п╪п╟п╨я│п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я┬п╟п╫я│я▀ п╫п╟ п╡п╬я│я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌я▄.
++
+п▓ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟я▐я┘ п©п╬я─я┌я▀ п©п╬п╪п╣я┤п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╨п╟п╨ DEPRECATED, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╬п╫п╦ п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦, п╟ я│я┌п╟я─я▀п╣ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐. п·п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬ п©я─п╦ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ п╥п╟п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ EXPIRATION_DATE п╫п╣ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╣ я┤п╣п╪ п╡ п╢п╡п╟ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╦я┘ п╪п╣я│я▐я├п╟, я┤я┌п╬ п╢п╟я▒я┌ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/ports/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/ports/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f4df9c40cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/ports/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+title: "п÷п╬я─я┌я▀ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: ports
+---
+
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷п╬я─я┌я▀ FreeBSD
+
+{{< form-ports >}}
+
+'''''
+
+п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▐ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п÷п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╢п╟я▒я┌ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ п╦ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─п╟п╪ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╧ п╪п╣я┌п╬п╢ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧. п²п╟ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬: *{numports}*.
+
+п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦я┘ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘ п╡п╣я┌п╬п╨ link:{faq}#CURRENT[FreeBSD-CURRENT] п╦ link:{faq}#STABLE[FreeBSD-STABLE]. п÷я─п╣п╢я▀п╢я┐я┴п╦п╣ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╦ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬ я│ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╣п╧ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡. п║п╬ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╣п╪ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╫п╟ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▐я┘, п╫п╣ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╡ п©я─п╣п╢я▀п╢я┐я┴п╦я┘ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘. п°я▀ я│я┌п╟я─п╟п╣п╪я│я▐ п╫п╣ п╫п╟я─я┐я┬п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦я┘ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡, п╫п╬ п╦п╫п╬пЁп╢п╟ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╣п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬. п п╬пЁп╢п╟ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╬п╫п╦ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬ п╡п╫п╬я│я▐я┌я│я▐.
+
+п п╟п╤п╢я▀п╧ ''п©п╬я─я┌'', я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄, я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╡я│п╣ п©п╟я┌я┤п╦, п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪я▀п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я├п╦п╦ п╦ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟ п╬я─п╦пЁп╦п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╬ FreeBSD. пёя│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╟ п╦ я│п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╨ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ `make install` п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╟. п≈п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╦п╡ п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦п╡ link:{handbook}#ports-tree[п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╣ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡], п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣я┌п╣ я┌я▀я│я▐я┤п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п©п╬п╢ я─я┐п╨п╬п╧.
+
+`Makefile` п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ я│пЁя─я┐п╤п╟п╣я┌ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│ п╩п╬п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟ п╦п╩п╦ CDROM п╩п╦п╠п╬ п©п╬ http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp[`ftp`], я─п╟я│п©п╟п╨п╬п╡я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╣пЁп╬ п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣, п©я─п╦п╨п╩п╟п╢я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©п╟я┌я┤п╦ п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─я┐п╣я┌. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я│я▒ п©я─п╬я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ пЁп╩п╟п╢п╨п╬, п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ `make install` п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╨ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п╣пЁп╬ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣.
+
+п■п╩я▐ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ я┐п╤п╣ п╬я┌п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ `п©п╟п╨п╣я┌`, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╦п╥п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╬я┌ п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я├п╦п╦ я┤п╣пЁп╬ п╠я▀ я┌п╬ п╫п╦ п╠я▀п╩п╬. п▓ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я┌я┐ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╟ п╫п╟ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ п╦ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ я│п╨п╟я┤п╟я┌я▄ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩, п╟ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╨ п╫п╣п╪я┐ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я┐ http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add[`+pkg_add+`] п╩п╦п╠п╬ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄ п╪п╣я│я┌п╬п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╡ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╣ п©я─п╦ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╣ `pkg_add`, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ я█я┌п╟ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌п╟ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╟ п╡п╬я│п©я─п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╨ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╟ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ URL.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/ports/installing.adoc b/website/content/ru/ports/installing.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0af56dbc8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/ports/installing.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+title: "пёя│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: ports
+---
+
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= пёя│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD
+
+{{< form-ports >}}
+
+'''''
+
+п÷я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╟ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ FreeBSD п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▌ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╬п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п║п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall[`bsdinstall`] п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD 9.X п╦ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧, п╦п╩п╦ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall[`sysinstall`] п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD 8.X п╦ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я│я┌п╟я─я▀я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧.
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▐ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╫п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╣я▒ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ link:{handbook}#ports-using[`portsnap`] п╦п╩п╦ link:{handbook}#svn[Subversion].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/ports/references.adoc b/website/content/ru/ports/references.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87a626e7ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/ports/references.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+title: "п÷п╬я─я┌я▀ FreeBSD -- п÷я─п╬я┤п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐"
+sidenav: ports
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷п╬я─я┌я▀ FreeBSD -- п÷я─п╬я┤п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐
+
+{{< form-ports >}}
+
+'''''
+
+п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ я┐п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟я┘ п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟я┘, я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ пЁп╩п╟п╡я┐ link:{handbook}#ports[пёя│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ п÷я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧: п©п╬я─я┌я▀ п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀] link:{handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ FreeBSD].
+
+link:{porters-handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD п©п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡] - я█я┌п╬ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦ я│п╬п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▌ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ пЁп╩п╟п╡я┐ link:{porters-handbook}#keeping-up[п░п╨я┌я┐п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐]. п·п╫п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п©п╬ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╫п╦п╤п╣ я┌п╣п╪п╟п╪, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╟п╩я▄п╫п╣п╧я┬п╣пЁп╬ п╦п╥я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐.
+
+п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я▀п╪:
+
+* п░я─я┘п╦п╡я▀ http://docs.FreeBSD.org/mail/current/freebsd-ports.html[я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴я▒п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪ FreeBSD].
+* п║я┌п╟я┌я▄я▐ link:{contributing}[Contributing to the FreeBSD Ports Collection].
+* http://www.FreshPorts.org[FreshPorts.org] - я█я┌п╬ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я▀п╧ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪, я┌п╟п╨п╬п╧ п╨п╟п╨ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐, п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫я▐я▐ п©я─п╟п╡п╨п╟, п╦ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╧ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╦. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╦ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫я▌я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п╡п╟я┬п╦я┘ п╩я▌п╠п╦п╪я▀я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╟я┘.
+* п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ п©п╬ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp[`ftp`], link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add[`pkg_add`] п╦ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ports[`ports`].
+* http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org[п п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡].
+* п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ link:../../portmgr/[п⌠я─я┐п©п©я▀ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦] (portmgr).
+* http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org[Web-п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ я─п╣п©п╬п╥п╦я┌п╬я─п╦я▐ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╡] п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╟я┌я─п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ п╡ я─п╣п©п╬п╥п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╦ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╡. п≤п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╥п╟я┌я─п╟пЁп╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╡я│я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/ports/CHANGES[CHANGES]. п≤п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/ports/UPDATING[UPDATING]. п п╟п╨ п╠я▀ я┌п╬ п╫п╦ п╠я▀п╩п╬, я┌п╬я┤п╫я▀п╧ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌ п╫п╟ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄, п©я─п╬я┤п╦я┌п╟п╡ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk[bsd.port.mk] п╦ я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│ п╫п╦п╪ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/ports/searching.adoc b/website/content/ru/ports/searching.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c0d9d18b7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/ports/searching.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: "п÷п╬п╦я│п╨ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: ports
+---
+
+= п÷п╬п╦я│п╨ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD
+
+{{< form-ports >}}
+
+'''''
+
+п═п╟я│п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╡я▀я┬п╣ я└п╬я─п╪п╟ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬п╪ я│п╟п╧я┌п╣. п÷я─п╦ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤п╣ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╬п╡ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╟ п╡я▀ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╫п╟ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/ports.cgi[п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я┐ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╟].
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╣ я┐п╤п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▐ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╡я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬п╦я│п╨, п©п╣я─п╣п╧п╢я▐ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ `/usr/ports` п╦ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╡ я┌п╟п╪ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я┐ ``make search name=``__string__. п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─п╬п╡ я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/ports/Mk/bsd.port.subdir.mk[bsd.port.subdir.mk].
+
+п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╣я┌п╦я┌я▄ http://www.FreshPorts.org[FreshPorts.org] п╦ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣я┌я▄ я┌п╟п╪ п╩п╦п╠п╬ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/ports/updating.adoc b/website/content/ru/ports/updating.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54cec22514
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/ports/updating.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+title: "п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: ports
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD
+
+{{< form-ports >}}
+
+'''''
+
+п÷я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄ п©п╬я─я┌я▀ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╡ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦ п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐. п²п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п╡я│я▌ п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▌ я├п╣п╩п╦п╨п╬п╪, п©п╬я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨я┐ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ п©п╬я─я┌я▀ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│я▐я┌ п╬я┌ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я┤п╟я│я┌п╣п╧ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟, п╢п╟п╤п╣ я┌п╟п╪, пЁп╢п╣ я█я┌п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡п╬п╣я│я┌п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ (п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, `russian/`.)
+
+п≤п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╥п╟я┌я─п╟пЁп╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╡я│я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/ports/CHANGES[CHANGES]. п≤п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/ports/UPDATING[UPDATING].
+
+п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘, п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫я▒п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╦п╩п╦ я┐п╢п╟п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╟я┘/п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟я┘, п╦п╩п╦ п╡ я┌п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫п╬п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╟/п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я─п╟я│п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╡я▀я┬п╣ я└п╬я─п╪я┐; я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬я│п╣я┌п╦я┌я▄ я│п╟п╧я┌ http://www.FreshPorts.org[FreshPorts.org] п╦ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣я┌я▄ я┌п╟п╪ п╩п╦п╠п╬ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я─п╟я│п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╟п╪ п╤п╣ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦.
+
+п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╦ я│п╬п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▌ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ пЁп╩п╟п╡я┐ link:{handbook}#ports[пёя│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ п÷я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧: п©п╬я─я┌я▀ п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀] link:{handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ FreeBSD]; пЁп╩п╟п╡я┐ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п©п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ link:{porters-handbook}#keeping-up[п░п╨я┌я┐п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐]; link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ports[`я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я┐ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ ports`].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/press/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/press/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9f2856df9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/press/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD in the Press"
+sidenav: about
+loadPress: true
+---
+
+= FreeBSD in the Press
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╣ п╫п╟я┬п╩п╦ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╦, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ п╣я▒ URL п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ www@FreeBSD.org
+
+п я─п╬п╪п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ п©я─п╣я│я│я▀ п╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ FreeBSD Java п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦, п©п╬я│п╣я┌п╦п╡ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╨я┐ link:../java/press/[FreeBSD/Java п╡ п÷я─п╣я│я│п╣].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-1.adoc b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-1.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..acb12bd93f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-1.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╣я│я│-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD: 22 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 1999"
+sidenav: about
+loadPress: false
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╣я│я│-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD: 22 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 1999
+
+== п■п╩я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╥я─п╣п╩п╦я┴п╫я▀я┘ я│п©п╣я├я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я▐п╩п╟я│я▄ FreeBSD
+
+*п п╬п╫п╨п╬я─п╢, CA, 22 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 1999*: п■п╩я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ я│п©п╣я├я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡ п╡ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╣п╪ я└п╦п╩я▄п╪п╣ п╨п╦п╫п╬п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Warner Brothers, _The Matrix_, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩п╦я│я▄ 32 п╢п╡я┐я┘п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ п©п╬п╢ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ FreeBSD.
+
+п п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐ Manex Visual Effects п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟ 32 я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ Dell Precision 410 Dual P-II/450 п©п╬п╢ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ FreeBSD п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╟ CG Render Farm. п╖п╟я─п╩я▄п╥ п╔п╣п╫я─п╦п╨ (Charles Henrich), пЁп╩п╟п╡п╫я▀п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫я▀п╧ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─ я└п╦я─п╪я▀ Manex, я│п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩: "п▓ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╣ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟я│я┌я┐п©п╦п╩ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╪я▀ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╦п╩п╦, я┤я┌п╬ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╣п╧я│я▐ я┐ п╫п╟я│ п╦п╫я└я─п╟я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─п╣, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╫п╟ SGI, п╫п╣ я┘п╡п╟я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╡я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╪п╬я┴п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╦п╫я┌п╣п╫я│п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ 3-D п╡я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╦п╧. п≤ я┌п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╪я▀ я─п╣я┬п╦п╩п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╣я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬п╣ п╫п╟ FreeBSD, п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╬ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣п╪п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫п╟п╢п╣п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬я┌я▀ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╢п╟п╣я┌ FreeBSD. п║п╡я▐п╥п╟п╡я┬п╦я│я▄ я│ Dell, п╪я▀ п╥п╟п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩п╦ 32 я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╡ я│я─п╣п╢я┐, п╟ п╡ я│я┐п╠п╠п╬я┌я┐ п╢п╫п╣п╪ п╬п╫п╦ я┐п╤п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐. п╜я┌п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╟ п©п╬-п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╣п╪я┐ я│п╩п╬п╤п╫п╟я▐ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘, п╦ я▐ п╫п╣ п╢я┐п╪п╟я▌, я┤я┌п╬ п╪я▀ п╠я▀ я│ п╫п╣п╧ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╦я│я▄, п╡я▀п╠я─п╟п╡ п╩я▌п╠я┐я▌ п╢я─я┐пЁя┐я▌ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я┐я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐."
+
+п·п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ FreeBSD - я█я┌п╬ п╪п╬я┴п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ я│ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╫п╟ Berkeley Software Distribution п·п║ UNIX. п·п╫п╟ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╟ я│ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ я│п╟п╧я┌п╬п╡ Internet п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╟я┘, я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╣п╧ Walnut Creek CDROM, п╦ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ я┌я▀я│я▐я┤п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ я┌п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ я│ я┌я─п╣я┘п╪п╣я─п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╨п╬п╧ п╦ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╫п╣ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╣ п╪п╬я┴п╫я▀я┘ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡. FreeBSD п╬п©я┌п╦п╪п╦п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟я┘ я│п╣п╪п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ Intel x86, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ я│п╣я─п╢я├п╣п╪ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©п╣я─я│п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡. п·п╠п╩п╟п╢п╟я▌я┴п╟я▐ п╫п╣п╦я│я┤п╣я─п©п╟п╣п╪я▀п╪п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦ п©п╬ п╦п╫п╢п╦п╡п╦п╢я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╣ п╦ п╬п©я┌п╦п╪п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦, FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╣я─п╢я├п╣п╪ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п╪п╬я┴п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ Internet, п╨п╟п╨ Yahoo! п╦ U.S. West, п©п╬я┌п╬п╪я┐ я┤я┌п╬ п╢п╦п╟п©п╟п╥п╬п╫ п╣п╣ п╫п╣ п╬пЁя─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╣п╫ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦п╣п╧ п╦ п╬п╫п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╦ п╪п╬п╢п╦я└п╦я├п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐.
+
+п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ FreeBSD, п©п╬я│п╣я┌п╦я┌п╣ я│п╟п╧я┌ http://www.FreeBSD.org/ п╦ http://www.wccdrom.com/. п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Manex Visual Effects, п©п╬я│п╣я┌п╦я┌п╣ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ http://www.mvfx.com/.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-2.adoc b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-2.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4fbdc20a7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-2.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD Press Release: April 29, 1999"
+sidenav: about
+loadPress: false
+---
+
+= FreeBSD Press Release: April 29, 1999
+
+== п÷п╬п╩п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ XML п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ п╡п╬ FreeBSD
+
+*п п╬п╫п╨п╬я─п╢, CA, 29 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 1999*: п▓п╬ FreeBSD 3.1 п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╟ п©п╬п╩п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ SGML/XML, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╧, п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬ п©п╬п╡я┌п╬я─я▐п╣п╪п╬п╧ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢.
+
+п║п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╦ п╣п╣ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╫п╟я▐ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨я┐ SGML/XML п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬ я│пЁя─я┐п╤п╟я┌я▄ п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣ я│п╟п╪я▀п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я─п╦я▐ п╦ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╟п╪п╦ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦ SGML п╦ XML п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟п╪п╦ п╡ я█я┌п╦я┘ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╟я┘, п╟ п╬п╫п╩п╟п╧п╫п╬п╡я▀п╣ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╡ Internet п©п╬п╪п╬пЁп╟я▌я┌ п╦п╪ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ XML.
+
+FreeBSD - я█я┌п╬ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я├п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©п╣я─я│п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╟я┘ я│ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╬п╧ Intel x86. п∙п╣ 580-я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╫п╬п╣ "п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬" п╫п╣п╢п╟п╡п╫п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╬ п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ DocBook, п╦ я█я┌п╬ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╤п╦п╡я▀п╪ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╬п╪ я█п╡п╬п╩я▌я├п╦п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟, п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ SGML-я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌. п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬ п╡ Internet п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╟п╪:
+
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/
+* ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/
+
+п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╬п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╬п╡п╟п╩ п╨п╫п╦пЁя┐ "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD п╡ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╟я┘", я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п╠п╩п╣пЁя┤п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╟п╪ п╡п╫п╣я│п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ FreeBSD. п▓ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╦п╥ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ SGML/XML, п╦ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╟. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌, п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫п╬ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣п╪я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╬п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╟п╪:
+
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org/tutorials/primer/
+
+=== п▓п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ SGML/XML п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▌я┌:
+
+* Jade 1.2.1 п╦ SP suite п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ 1.3.3 п■п╤п╣п╧п╪я│п╟ п п╩п╟я─п╨п╟ (James Clark), п╬я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨я┐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ SGML п╦ XML.
+* п÷п╬п╩п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦ 19 п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╬п╡ я│п╦п╪п╡п╬п╩п╬п╡ ISO п╡ SGML
+* DocBook (v2.4.1, v3.0, v3.1), HTML (п╡я│п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦) п╦ LinuxDoc Document Type Definitions (DTD)
+* Modular DocBook Stylesheets п²п╬я─п╪п╟ пёп╬п╩я┬п╟ (Norm Walsh), п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п╡п╫п╣я┬п╫п╦п╪ п╡п╦п╢п╬п╪ п╦ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ DocBook-п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡.
+* Emacs п╦ XEmacs п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╪ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ PSGML, п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╟п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪п╬п╣ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╪я▀я┬п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫я▐ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ SGML.
+* п÷п╟п╨п╣я┌ teTeX-beta п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ п╪п╟п╨я─п╬я│п╟п╪п╦ JadeTeX п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┌ п╬я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╣ DocBook п╡ DVI, Postscript п╦ PDF я│п╬ п╡я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ пЁп╦п©п╣я─я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╟п╪п╦.
+* п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ п╦ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ я│ SGML, п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD.
+
+п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬ п©п╣я─п╣я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╬я┌ LinuxDoc DTD п╨ DocBook DTD п╦ п╡я│п╣ я█я┌п╦ пЁп╬п╢я▀ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▐я┘ п╦ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╟я┘ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ DocBook п╡я│п╣ я█я┌п╦ пЁп╬п╢я▀. п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD, п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
+
+п·п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ FreeBSD п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ п╡ Internet я│ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│п╟п╧я┌п╟ FreeBSD п╦ я│ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩ п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪я┐ п╪п╦я─я┐, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╟ п╫п╟ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╣ п╡ я└п╦я─п╪п╣ Walnut Creek CDROM. п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬п╠п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▐я┘ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╟п╪:
+
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org/
+* http://www.wccdrom.com/
diff --git a/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-3.adoc b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-3.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2499ba5dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-3.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╣я│я│-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD: 7 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1999"
+sidenav: about
+loadPress: false
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╣я│я│-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD: 7 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1999
+
+== п║п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ BSD п©я─п╦п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╫п╬п╡я┐я▌ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я┐я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪ я└п╦я─п╪я▀ Apple
+
+*п п╬п╫п╨п╬я─п╢, CA, 7 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1999*: п║п╣пЁп╬п╢п╫я▐, п╡ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╣ п╣п╤п╣пЁп╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│я┼п╣п╥п╢п╟ Usenix я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ UNIX, п╡п╩п╦я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╦пЁя─п╬п╨п╦ п╡ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ п©я─п╦п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╩п╦ п·п║ Darwin я└п╦я─п╪я▀ Apple Computer (www.apple.com/darwin) п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ я┤п╩п╣п╫п╟ я│п╣п╪п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution).
+
+"п²п╟п╪ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п©я─п╦я▐я┌п╫п╬, я┤я┌п╬ я└п╦я─п╪п╟ Apple я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┤п╩п╣п╫п╬п╪ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ BSD", я│п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩ п■п╤п╬я─п╢п╟п╫ п╔п╟п╠п╠п╟я─п╢ (Jordan Hubbard), п©я─п╣п╢я│п╣п╢п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ я│п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ Freenix п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╦ USENIX п╦ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╦п╥ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD. "п╖п╣п╪ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╢п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╡п╦п╢п╫я▀я┘ п╠п╦п╥п╫п╣я│п╪п╣п╫п╬п╡ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╬пЁп╬ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╟, п╨п╟п╨п╬п╡я▀п╪ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ BSD, я┌п╣п╪ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╬п╫п╦ п╬я│п╬п╥п╫п╟я▌я┌, я┤я┌п╬ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟я┘ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪ п╡ п╦я┘ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╟я┘."
+
+п║п╬пЁп╩п╟я│п╫п╬ п╔п╣я─п╠я┐ п÷п╣п╧п╣я─п╩я┐ (Herb Peyerl) п╦п╥ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ NetBSD, "п²п╟я┬п╣ п╡п╥п╟п╦п╪п╬п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦п╣ я│ Apple п╡ я─п╟п╪п╨п╟я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ Darwin п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ NetBSD п╦ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╩п╬ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ я┌п╬я┌ п╡п╦п╢ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│п╬я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟, п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я▀ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬пЁп╬ п╪я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╣п╩п╦ п╠я▀ п╡п╦п╢п╣я┌я▄ п╣я┴п╣."
+
+"п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╡п╟п╢я├п╟я┌п╦п╩п╣я┌п╫п╣пЁп╬ п╬п©я▀я┌п╟ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦я┌п╦я▐ BSD п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ п╦п╥ я└п╦я─п╪я▀ Apple п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я┐п╫п╦п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╬п©я▀я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪п╦ п╨ п╫п╟п╢п╣п╤п╫п╬п╧, п╨я─п╣п©п╨п╬п╧ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ п╨п╬п╢п╟ BSD", п╨п╟п╨ я│п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩ п░п╡п╦ п╒п╣п╡п╟п╫п╦п╟п╫ (Avie Tevanian), п╡п╦я├п╣-п©я─п╣п╥п╦п╢п╣п╫я┌ Apple Computer п©п╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫я▀п╪ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╟п╪. "п°я▀ п╫п╟п╢п╣п╣п╪я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ п╢п╡п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪ я│ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ п·п║ Darwin п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢п╣я┌ п╨ п©п╬я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ п╪п╦п╩п╩п╦п╬п╫п╬п╡ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ Mac п╡п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪ п╪п╦я─п╣. п п╬п╢ BSD, п╡я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╧ п╡ Darwin - я█я┌п╬ п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╡п╟я▐ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╣пЁп╦п╦ п╡ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪."
+
+п╒п╟п╨п╬п╧ я┌п╦п© п╡п╥п╟п╦п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╪п╣п╫п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╬п╥п╡я─п╟я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╨ п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╡я│п╣п╬п╠я┴п╣п╧ п╫п╟ я─п╟п╫п╫п╦я┘ я█я┌п╟п©п╟я┘ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦я┌п╦я▐ п╡я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦п╨п╦, п╢п╬ п©п╬я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╣я─я│п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡. п▓п╦п╩я└я─п╣п╢п╬ п║п╟п╫я┤п╣я│ (Wilfredo Sanchez), я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╧ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ Darwin, я─п╟я│я│п╨п╟п╤п╣я┌ п╬ Darwin п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╫п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣ п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╦ Usenix п╡п╬ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╥п╟я│п╣п╢п╟п╫п╦п╧ я│п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ Freenix, п╡я▀п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╨ я┌п╟п╨п╬пЁп╬ я─п╬п╢п╟.
+
+=== п· NetBSD п╦ FreeBSD
+
+NetBSD п╦ FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟п╪п╦ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪, я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ 4.4BSDLite2, п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╣пЁп╬ п╬п╠я┴п╣п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬пЁп╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟ BSD UNIX. п п╟п╤п╢п╬п╣ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌ я│п╟п╪я▀п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╡ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╬п╡ п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐. п╔п╬я┌я▐ п╬п╫п╦ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ я─п╟п╥п╫я▀п╣ я├п╣п╩п╦, п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ BSD я─п╬п╢п╫п╦я┌ п╢я┐я┘ п╢я─я┐п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│п╬п©п╣я─п╫п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟, п©п╬п╢п╡п╦пЁп╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╦я┘ п╨ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨я┐ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╡п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪ п╪п╦я─п╣. п▒п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╢п╡п╟п╢я├п╟я┌п╦ п╩п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦, пЁп╦пЁп╟п╫я┌я│п╨п╬п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╨ п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ BSD -- п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬я┐я▌ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ п╦п╫я└я─п╟я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ Internet -- п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┌ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я▐я┌я▄ п·п║ п©я─п╦ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╦ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╩я▌п╠я▀я┘ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤. п·я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╟я▐ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄ п╫п╣я┌ я│п╣п╨я─п╣я┌п╬п╡, п╨п╬п╢, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╬п╫я▐я┌ п╡ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ я┌п╬я┤п╨п╣ п╥п╣п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┬п╟я─п╟ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ BSD п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╬п©я▀я┌ п╦я┘ п©я─п╣п╢я┬п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╠п╣п╥ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪, п©я─п╦я│я┐я┴п╦я┘ п╥п╟п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╪ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟п╪ п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪.
+
+=== п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄:
+
+The FreeBSD Project +
+Concord, California +
+925-682-7859 +
+freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org +
+http://www.FreeBSD.org +
+
+The NetBSD Project +
+C/O Charles M. Hannum +
+81 Bromfield Rd, #2 +
+Somerville, MA 02144 +
+mindshare@netbsd.org +
+http://www.netbsd.org +
diff --git a/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-4.adoc b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-4.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cacba82e3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-4.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╣я│я│-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD: 9 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 2000"
+sidenav: about
+loadPress: false
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╣я│я│-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD: 9 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 2000
+
+== п■п⌡п╞ п²п∙п°п∙п■п⌡п∙п²п²п·п⌠п· п·п÷пёп▒п⌡п≤п п·п▓п░п²п≤п╞
+
+== п п·п°п÷п░п²п≤п≤, п÷п·п■п■п∙п═п√п≤п▓п░п╝п╘п≤п∙ BSD, п·п▒я┼п∙п■п≤п²п╞п╝п╒п║п╞ п■п⌡п╞ п║п·п≈п■п░п²п≤п╞ п║п░п°п╚п╔ п÷п·п÷пёп⌡п╞п═п²п╚п╔ п·п÷п∙п═п░п╕п≤п·п²п²п╚п╔ п║п≤п║п╒п∙п° п■п⌡п╞ INTERNET
+
+=== п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▒п╫п╫п╟я▐ BSDI я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟я┌я▄ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я┐я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╫п╟ п╥п╫п╟п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌я▀я┘ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я▐я┘ BSD п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╬ я─п╟я│я┌я┐я┴п╣п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD, п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ я│ п╦п╢п╣п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╣п╧ Open Source
+
+*п п╬п╩п╬я─п╟п╢п╬ п║п©я─п╦п╫пЁя│, п п╬п╩п╬я─п╟п╢п╬, 9 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 2000:* п п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐ Berkeley Software Design, Inc. (BSDI) п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╦п╩п╟ я│п╣пЁп╬п╢п╫я▐ п╬ я│п╩п╦я▐п╫п╦п╦ я│ Walnut Creek CDROM, п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п©п╬п©я┐п╩я▐я─п╫п╬п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ FreeBSD. п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я│п╩п╦я▐п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ BSDI п╬п╠я┼п╣п╢п╦п╫п╦я┌ п╡п╣п╢я┐я┴п╦я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╦ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╦ Berkeley Software Distribution. BSDI п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я▄ BSD/OS, п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я┐я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п╦ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я┐ п╢п╩я▐ Internet, п╡ я┌п╬ п╤п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╢п╣п╩я▐я│я▄ я│ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╪ FreeBSD, п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╫п╟ п╦п╢п╣п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟, я│п╡п╬п╦п╪п╦ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я▐п╪п╦, я└п╦п╫п╟п╫я│п╬п╡п╬п╧ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ п╦ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧.
+
+п·п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ BSD п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│п╟п╪я▀я┘ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╟п╧я┌п╟я┘ Internet п╦ я│п╟п╪я▀п╪п╦ п╨я─я┐п©п╫я▀п╪п╦ п©я─п╬п╡п╟п╧п╢п╣я─п╟п╪п╦ я┐я│п╩я┐пЁ, п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╡я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ Yahoo!, Hotmail я└п╦я─п╪я▀ Microsoft п╦ UUNET, п©п╬п╢я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ MCI WorldCom. п║п╬пЁп╩п╟я│п╫п╬ п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ Survey.com, п╩п╦п╢п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╡ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡ п╪п╟я│я│п╬п╡п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦, BSD п╦ Linux я│п╣пЁп╬п╢п╫я▐ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ я│п╟п╪я▀п╪п╦ п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╬ я─п╟я│я┌я┐я┴п╦п╪п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟п╪п╦.
+
+п·п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ BSD, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ п╦ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ Internet я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╦п╫я└я─п╟я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─п╣ Internet. п▒п╬п╩п╣п╣ 100,000 п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ Internet п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ BSD п╫п╟ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┤п╣п╪ 2,000,000 я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡. п÷я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╫п╬ 9 п╦п╥ 10 п©я─п╬п╡п╟п╧п╢п╣я─п╬п╡ я┐я│п╩я┐пЁ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╫п╣я┌ (ISP) п╦ п©я─п╬п╡п╟п╧п╢п╣я─п╬п╡ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ я┐я│п╩я┐пЁ (NSP), п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ 15 п©я─п╬я├п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╡я│п╣я┘ я│п╟п╧я┌п╬п╡ Internet я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ п©п╬п╢ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ BSD. п·п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ BSD я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ п╡ п╫п╬п╡п╟я┌п╬я─я│п╨п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╧ Intel, IBM, Lucent, F5 Labs, Hitachi п╦ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦я┘ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘.
+
+BSDI я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╦п╩п╟, я┤я┌п╬ Yahoo! Inc. п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╬п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦. BSDI п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌я┐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╬п©п╩п╬я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п╤п╦п╥п╫я▄ я│п╡п╬п╣пЁп╬ я│я┌я─п╣п╪п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠я┼п╣п╢п╦п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡п╟я┌п╬я─я│п╨п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪ п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│я▀. п÷п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ я┐я│п╦п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╥п╦я├п╦п╧ BSDI п╨п╟п╨ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡я┴п╦п╨п╟ п╫п╟п╦п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╪п╬я┴п╫я▀я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╫я└я─п╟я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ Internet.
+
+BSDI я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я│я└п╬я─п╪п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╣п╢п╦п╫я▀п╧ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ BSD. п п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я▄, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╨ BSD/OS, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ FreeBSD. BSDI п╦ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD я│п╣п╧я┤п╟я│ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┌ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ п╦ п╪п╟я─п╨п╣я┌п╦п╫пЁп╟ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╩п╦я▐п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╢п╟ п╢п╡я┐я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪.
+
+== п⌡п╦п╢п╣я─я│я┌п╡п╬ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ BSDI
+
+"п╒п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ BSD п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ п╢п╬п╩пЁя┐я▌ п╦я│я┌п╬я─п╦я▌ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦я┌п╦я▐ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╡я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪, п╬п╠я─п╟п╥я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡я┐ Internet", - я│п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩ п╢п╬п╨я┌п╬я─ п°п╟я─я┬п╟п╩п╩ п п╦я─п╨ п°п╟п╨п я┐п╥п╦п╨ (Dr. Marshall Kirk McKusick), я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄ BSDI. "п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ BSDI п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╦ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я┐ BSD, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ я┐п╤п╣ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪ п╪п╦я─п╣." п°п╟п╨п я┐п╥п╦п╨ п╠я▀п╩ п╬п╢п╫п╦п╪ п╦п╥ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╪ п⌠я─я┐п©п©я▀ п≤я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ п▓я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п║п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ (Computer Systems Research Group - CSRG) п╡ п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦п╧я│п╨п╬п╪ пёп╫п╦п╡п╣я─я│п╦я┌п╣я┌п╣ (п▒п╣я─п╨п╩п╦) п╦ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╣п╫ п╨п╟п╨ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╨п╩п╟п╢я┤п╦п╨ п╫п╟ я─п╟п╫п╫п╣п╪ я█я┌п╟п©п╣ я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╡п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ Open Source.
+
+п■п╩я▐ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ п©п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨п╦ BSDI, п╣п╣ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я├п╣п╩п╦ п╦ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╬я│я┌п╟ п╢п╬я┘п╬п╢п╬п╡ п╫п╟ п©п╬я│я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╦я─п╣п╨я┌п╬я─п╟ п╠я▀п╩ п©я─п╦пЁп╩п╟я┬п╣п╫ п⌠я█я─п╦ п■п╤. п■п╤п╬п╫я│п╬п╫ (Gary J. Johnson). п■п╤п╬п╫я│п╬п╫ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬п©я▀я┌п╫я▀п╪ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я├п╣п╪, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╡я┬п╦п╪ п╫п╟ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╦я┘ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦я┘ п©п╬п╥п╦я├п╦я▐я┘ п╡ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╢п╤п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟, п╪п╟я─п╨п╣я┌п╦п╫пЁп╟ п╦ п©я─п╬п╢п╟п╤ п╡ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п╩п╦п╢п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐я┘ п╦п╥ п я─п╣п╪п╫п╦п╣п╡п╬п╧ п■п╬п╩п╦п╫я▀, п╨п╟п╨ Tandem Computers (Compaq), Convergent Technologies (Unisys) п╦ SCO. п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╣п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п■п╤п╬п╫я│п╬п╫ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╩я│я▐ п©я─п╣п╥п╦п╢п╣п╫я┌п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ ClickService Software, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀п╪ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡я┴п╦п╨п╬п╪ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я├п╦п╦ п╡ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╡я▐п╥я▐п╪п╦ я│ п╨п╩п╦п╣п╫я┌я┐я─п╬п╧ (CRM).
+
+"п≤п╫п╫п╬п╡п╟я├п╦п╦ п╡ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ п╡п╣я│я▄п╪п╟ я│п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╬п©п╦я─п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ п╡ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╣, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╣п╪ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢", я│п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩ п■п╤п╬п╫я│п╬п╫. "п²п╟ я│п╣пЁп╬п╢п╫я▐я┬п╫п╦п╧ п╢п╣п╫я▄ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ Linux, я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣, п╨п╟п╨ Red Hat Software п╦ VA Linux, п©я─п╦п╡п╩п╣п╨п╩п╦ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╣ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╨ п╦п╢п╣п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟ п╡ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟я┘. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╡ п╢п╩я▐ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ Internet п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ BSD. п²п╬п╡п╟я▐ BSDI п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я┌п╣я│п╫п╬ я│п╬я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╦я┤п╟я┌я▄ я│ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╪, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╪ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я┐п╢п╬п╡п╩п╣я┌п╡п╬я─я▐я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧я│я▐ я│п©я─п╬я│ п╫п╟ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─я▀ Internet, п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐, я│п╬п©я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я█п╩п╣п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╤п╦п╥п╫п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╡п╟п╤п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п╦п╫я└я─п╟я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ Internet."
+
+п я─п╬п╪п╣ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦я┘ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧, п°п╟п╧п╨ п п╟я─п╣п╩я│ (Mike Karels), п╡п╦я├п╣-п©я─п╣п╥п╦п╢п╣п╫я┌ BSDI п©п╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟п╪ п╦ п╠я▀п╡я┬п╦п╧ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╫я▀п╧ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌п╬я─ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨ п©я─п╦п╫я├п╦п©п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я┤п╟я│я┌п╣п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╡ CSRG п╦п╥ п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦п╧я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ пёп╫п╦п╡п╣я─я│п╦я┌п╣я┌п╟ (п▒п╣я─п╨п╩п╦), п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─я┐п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╣ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌п╬я─п╬п╡ п╡ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ FreeBSD. п п╟я─п╣п╩я│, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п©я─п╦я┬п╣п╩ п╫п╟ я│п╪п╣п╫я┐ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ Sun Microsystems п▒п╦п╩п╩п╟ п■п╤п╬я▐ Bill Joy п╡ CSRG, п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╣п╫ п╨п╟п╨ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╦п╥ п╨я─я┐п©п╫п╣п╧я┬п╦я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ Unix п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ TCP/IP.
+
+"п╒п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ BSD п╠я▀п╩п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫я▀ п╨ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╟я▌я┴п╣п╪я┐я│я▐ я┐я│п©п╣я┘я┐ Yahoo!, п╢п╟п╡ п╫п╟п╢п╣п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╦ п╪п╟я│я┬я┌п╟п╠п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╬я│я┌я▄, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╟ п╫п╟п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨я─я┐пЁп╩п╬я│я┐я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ Yahoo! п╡п╫п╣ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я┌ п╫п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦", я│п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩ п■я█п╡п╦п╢ п╓п╟п╧п╩п╬ (David Filo), п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ п╦ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄ Yahoo, Yahoo! Inc.
+
+== BSDI п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╦я┌ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ BSD/OS п╦ FreeBSD: п═п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ я┐я│п╨п╬я─п╣п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╨ п╡ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╦п╢п╣п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟ FreeBSD
+
+п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ BSDI п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╟пЁп╟я┌я▄ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ FreeBSD, BSD/OS, BSDI Internet Super Server п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌я▀ п╩п╦п╫п╦п╦ BSD я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ я│п╡п╬п╦ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩я▀ п©я─п╬п╢п╟п╤ п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪я┐ п╪п╦я─я┐ п╡я│п╣п╪ п©я─п╬п╡п╟п╧п╢п╣я─п╟п╪ п╦п╫я└я─п╟я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ Internet, п©я─п╦п╨п╩п╟п╢п╫я▀п╪ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪ п╦ п╨п╬я─п©п╬я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╪ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪. BSDI п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╟пЁп╟я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ BSD п╦ я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│ п╫п╦п╪п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ Internet, я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╦ я┐я│п╩я┐пЁп╦, я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨я┐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪ п╦ п╨п╬п╫я│п╟п╩я┌п╦п╫пЁп╬п╡я▀п╣ я┐я│п╩я┐пЁп╦. п п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╡п╬п╦ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╦ internet я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ BSD п╢п╩я▐ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╦п╨я─п╬п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫я▀я┘ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ Intel, SPARC, Alpha, PowerPC п╦ StrongARM.
+
+BSDI п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╦я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨я┐, я─п╟п╥п╡п╦я┌п╦п╣ п╦ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ BSD/OS п╦ FreeBSD п╡ я─п╟п╪п╨п╟я┘ п╢я─я┐п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╨ п╠п╦п╥п╫п╣я│я┐ п╫п╣п╬п╠я─п╣п╪п╣п╫я▐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦п╦ Berkeley software, я┤я┌п╬ я┐я│п╨п╬я─п╦я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪, п╡я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪, я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩п╦п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╬п╡, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪.
+
+BSDI п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦ я┐я│п╨п╬я─я▐я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦я┌п╦п╣ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟ FreeBSD п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Walnut Creek CDROM я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ п╬п╠п╪п╣п╫п╟ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪п╦ п╫п╬п╡п╟я├п╦я▐п╪п╦ BSD/OS я│ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╪ FreeBSD п╦ п╢п╟п╡п╟я▐ я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫я┐я▌ п╦ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐, п╪п╟я─п╨п╣я┌п╦п╫пЁ п╦ я└п╦п╫п╟п╫я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣. BSDI п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╦я┌ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╬я─п╬п╠п╬я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ FreeBSD, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─я┐п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨я┐ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╬п╡, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟ FreeBSD, п╨п╟п╨ п╦ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦, п╨п╬п╫я│п╟п╩я┌п╦п╫пЁп╬п╡я▀я┘ я┐я│п╩я┐пЁ, п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я┐я│п╩я┐пЁ п╦ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫я▀я┘ п╨я┐я─я│п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ FreBSD. п÷я─п╣п╢п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╦ я┬п╟пЁп╦ п©п╬п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╡ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╦ я┐п╨я─п╣п©п╩п╣п╫п╦п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ BSD я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬п╧ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄я▌ п╡я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╦п╧. п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬п©я┐п╩я▐я─п╫я┐я▌ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я┐я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ FreeBSD, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я┐я▌ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╬ п╦ п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╬ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬я┌ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┤п╣п╪ 5000 я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ я│п╬ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╪п╦я─п╟.
+
+== п⌡п╦п╢п╣я─я▀ Internet п╦ п╢п╡п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ Open Source п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌ п╫п╬п╡я┐я▌ BSDI
+
+"п°я▀ п╢п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄п╫я▀, я┤я┌п╬ BSDI п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪", я│п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩ п■п╤п╬я─п╢п╟п╫ п╔п╟п╠п╠п╟я─п╢, пЁп╩п╟п╡п╫я▀п╧ п╣п╡п╟п╫пЁп╣п╩п╦я│я┌ п╦ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD. "п²п╬п╡п╟я▐ BSDI п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ п╨п╬п╪п©п╣я┌п╣п╫я┌п╫п╟ п╡ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я├п╦п╦, я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐, я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ я│п╟п╪п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦п╫я┐я┌п╬п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╢п╩я▐ Internet п╡ п╪п╦я─п╣. п°я▀ я─п╟п╢я▀ п╦ я│ п╫п╟п╢п╣п╤п╢п╬п╧ я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦п╪ п╫п╟ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣п╣ п©п╟я─я┌п╫п╣я─я│я┌п╡п╬ я│ п╡п╣п╢я┐я┴п╦п╪п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╟п╪п╦ BSDI, п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╨п╟я│п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п°п╟п╧п╨п╟ п п╟я─п╣п╩я│п╟ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╡я┬п╦я┘ п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╡ CSRG п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦п╧я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ пёп╫п╦п╡п╣я─я│п╦я┌п╣я┌п╟ п╡ п▒п╣я─п╨п╩п╦, п╢п╩я▐ я┐я│п╨п╬я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟п╢ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╪п╦ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я▐п╪п╦ п╦ п╦п╫п╫п╬п╡п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦ Internet."
+
+"п·п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪, я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣, п╨п╟п╨ BSD, п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╟пЁп╟я▌я┌ п╩я┐я┤я┬я┐я▌ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я▌ п╦ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╟ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪", я│п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩ п╜я─п╦п╨ п═я█п╧п╪п╬п╫п╢ (Eric Raymond), п©я─п╣п╥п╦п╢п╣п╫я┌ Open Source Initiative. "п╞ п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟я▌, я┤я┌п╬ BSDI п╣я┴п╣ я─п╟п╥ п©я─п╬п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫я│я┌я─п╦я─я┐п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╣п╣ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢ п╦ п╢п╣п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ п╪п╦я─ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╣п╩п╦п╨п╦п╣ п╢п╣п╩п╟, п╢п╡п╦пЁп╟я▐ п╦п╫п╢я┐я│я┌я─п╦я▌ п╡п©п╣я─п╣п╢ я┌п╟п╨ п╤п╣, п╨п╟п╨ Internet."
+
+"п²п╟я┬п╣ п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬ BSD п╦ Linux я┐я│п╦п╩я▐я┌ я│п╡п╬п╣ п©я─п╦я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╣ п╫п╟ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟я┘ п╨п╬я─п©п╬я─п╟я├п╦п╧ п╬я┌ 100 п╢п╬ 500 п©я─п╬я├п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╡ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╢п╡я┐я┘ п╩п╣я┌ п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐я┘, п╫п╟ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╥п╦п╤п╢п╣я┌я│я▐ п╠п╦п╥п╫п╣я│ п╡ п║п╗п░", я│п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩ п■я█п╧п╡ п╒я─п╬я┐п╠я─п╦п╢п╤ (Dave Trowbridge), п╡п╣п╢я┐я┴п╦п╧ п╟п╫п╟п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨ п╡ Survey.com. "п╜я┌п╟ п╫п╬п╡п╟я▐ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╥п╟п╫я▐я┌я▄ BSD я│п╡п╬п╣ п╪п╣я│я┌п╬ п©п╬п╢ я│п╬п╩п╫я├п╣п╪, я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣ п╣п╣ п╠п╬пЁп╟я┌я▀п╪ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪ п╦ п╨я─п╣п©п╨п╬п╧ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣."
+
+== п·п╠ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ Berkeley Software Distribution
+
+п╒п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ Berkeley Software Distribution п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╫я▀ я│ 1979 п©п╬ 1992 п╡ п⌠я─я┐п©п©п╣ п≤я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ п▓я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п║п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) п╡ п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦п╧я│п╨п╬п╪ пёп╫п╦п╡п╣я─я│п╦я┌п╣я┌п╣ (п▒п╣я─п╨п╩п╦). п·п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀, п╬п©п╦я─п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╢ BSD п╦ п╣п╣ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦, п╩п╣п╤п╟я┌ п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ я│п╟п╪я▀я┘ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ Unix п╦ Unix-п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪. п║п╣пЁп╬п╢п╫я▐ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╨п╟п╤п╢я▀п╧ п╨я─я┐п©п╫я▀п╧ п©я─п╬п╡п╟п╧п╢п╣я─ п╦п╫я└я─п╟я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ Internet п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ BSD. п╒п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ BSD п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╣ п╨я─п╦я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╡п╟п╤п╫я▀я┘ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п╡я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐я┘ п╦ п╡я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫я▀ п╡ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ Internet, я┌я─п╣п╠я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╫п╟п╢п╣п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦.
+
+== п· п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ FreeBSD
+
+FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п©я┐п╩я▐я─п╫п╬п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪, я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╡ я─п╟п╪п╨п╟я┘ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD п╦ п╣пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╬п╧ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ я│п╬ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╪п╦я─п╟, я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╣п╧ п╦п╥ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┤п╣п╪ 5000 я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨, я┌я─я┐п╢ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п©я┐я│п╨п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ 185 "п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡". п·п╫п╟ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ я│ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ ftp.FreeBSD.org, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨п╟п╨ п╨п╬я─п╬п╠п╬я┤п╫я▀п╧ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ CompUSA, Fry's, Borders, Ingram, FreeBSDmall.com п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦. п▓ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╨я┐ FreeBSD п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫я▀ я┌я▀я│я▐я┤п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ я│п╟п╪я▀п╣ п©п╬п©я┐п╩я▐я─п╫я▀п╣ п╦п╥ п╫п╦я┘ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ п╡п╣п╠п╬п╪, Internet п╦ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌п╬п╧. FreeBSD я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я┐я│п╩п╬п╡п╦я▐я┘ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦п╦ Berkeley Software Distribution, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╣п╣ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬п╣ п╨п╬п©п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╪п╬п╢п╦я└п╦п╨п╟я├п╦я▌. п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ FreeBSD п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣ http://www.FreeBSD.org/[www.FreeBSD.org].
+
+== п· п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Walnut Creek CDROM
+
+п п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐ Walnut Creek CDROM п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ п╡ 1991 п╦ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ Linux п╡ 1992, п╟ BSD п╡ 1993. п п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п╢п╩п╦п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╦я│я┌п╬я─п╦я▌ я┌п╣я│п╫п╬п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я└п╦п╫п╟п╫я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣, п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪. Walnut Creek CDROM п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟п╣я┌ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨я┐я▌ п╫п╬п╪п╣п╫п╨п╩п╟я┌я┐я─я┐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ FreeBSD п╦ Slackware, я│п╟п╪я┐я▌ п©п╬я┘п╬п╤я┐я▌ п╫п╟ BSD п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ Linux.
+
+п· п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Berkeley Software Design, Inc. (BSDI)
+
+п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀п╣ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦ BSD п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╩п╦ Berkeley Software Design, Inc. п╡ 1991 п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣я─я├п╦п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╧ BSD п╦ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┌я─п╟п╢п╦я├п╦п╧ Unix п╦п╥ Berkeley п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╟п╢п╣п╤п╫п╬п╧, я┐я│я┌п╬п╧я┤п╦п╡п╬п╧ п╦ п╡п╣я│я▄п╪п╟ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┴п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ Internet п╢п╩я▐ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п╡я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╦п╧. п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я│п╩п╦я▐п╫п╦я▐ Berkeley Software Design, Inc. п╦ Walnut Creek CDROM, BSDI я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я│я▐ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀п╪ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡я┴п╦п╨п╬п╪ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦п╫я┐я┌я▀я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ п╢п╩я▐ Internet п╦ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╣пЁп╬ п╦п╫я└я─п╟я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─я▀. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╡я│я┌я┐п©п╦я┌я▄ п╡ п╨п╬п╫я┌п╟п╨я┌ я│ BSDI п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ info@BSDI.com п╦п╩п╦ http://www.BSDI.com/[www.BSDI.com] п╦п╩п╦ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╫п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬ я┌п╣п╩п╣я└п╬п╫я┐ 1-719-593-9445 (п╠п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫я▀п╧: 1-800-800-4273).
+
+== # # #
+
+BSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ я┌п╬я─пЁп╬п╡п╬п╧ п╪п╟я─п╨п╬п╧, п╟ BSD/OS п╦ BSDI я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╪п╟я─п╨п╟п╪п╦ Berkeley Software Design, Inc. Yahoo! п╦ п╩п╬пЁп╬я┌п╦п© Yahoo! я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ я┌п╬п╡п╟я─п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╪п╟я─п╨п╟п╪п╦ Yahoo! Inc. п▓я│п╣ я┌п╬я─пЁп╬п╡я▀п╣ п╪п╟я─п╨п╦, я┐п©п╬п╪я▐п╫я┐я┌я▀п╣ п╡ я█я┌п╬п╪ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╣, я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╦я┘ п╡п╩п╟п╢п╣п╩я▄я├п╣п╡.
+
+п■п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╫я┌п╟п╨я┌п╬п╡: +
+Kevin Rose +
+BSDI +
+801-553-8166 +
+kgr@bsdi.com
+
+Jordan Hubbard +
+FreeBSD Project +
+925-691-2863 +
+jkh@FreeBSD.org
+
+Brigid Fuller +
+ZNA Communications +
+831-425-1581 +
+brigid@zna.com
diff --git a/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-5.adoc b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-5.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b479e288f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-5.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD Press Release: October 18, 2000"
+sidenav: about
+loadPress: false
+---
+
+= FreeBSD Press Release: October 18, 2000
+
+== п▓я▀п╠я─п╟п╫ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡ п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ FreeBSD
+
+*BSD Conference, п°п╬п╫я┌п╣я─п╣п╧, CA, 18 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000* п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╪ FreeBSD п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╬ п╬ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╟я┘ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ (Core Team), п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╦ я│п╬п╡п╣я┌п╟ п╢п╦я─п╣п╨я┌п╬я─п╬п╡. п╜я┌п╬ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╧, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╦п╩я│я▐ п╡ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╣ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╬п╡ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╟п╪п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟. п▓ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я┐я▌ пЁя─я┐п©п©я┐ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я┤п╩п╣п╫п╬п╡ п╡п╬я┬п╩п╦ Greg Lehey, Warner Losh, Mike Smith п╦ Robert Watson. п÷п╬п╡я┌п╬я─п╫п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╡я▀п╠я─п╟п╫я▀ Satoshi Asami, David Greenman, Jordan Hubbard, Doug Rabson п╦ Peter Wemm.
+
+п║п╬п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD п╦ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я┤п╩п╣п╫п╬п╪ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п■п╤п╬я─п╢п╟п╫ п╔п╟п╠п╠п╟я─п╢ (Jordan Hubbard), п╡я▀я─п╟п╤п╟я▐ я┐п╢п╬п╡п╩п╣я┌п╡п╬я─п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╟п╪п╦, я│п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩: "п▓п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╣ я│ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╦п╩я│я▐ п╡ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╣ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╬п╡, я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╡ я┌п╣п╪ я│п╟п╪я▀п╪ п╦п╫я├п╦п╢п╣п╫я┌, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄я▌ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я▐я┴п╣п╧ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╪ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀". п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я┐ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п╨п╩п╟я│я│п╫я▀я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ я│п╬ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╪п╦я─п╟, я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩п╦п╥п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╫я▀я┘ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌я▐я┘, п╬я┌ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ RAID п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╢п╬ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╬п╡ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪.
+
+п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ я┤п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╡я▀п╠я─п╟п╫я▀ п╦п╥ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡, я└п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD. п п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ п©я─я▐п╪п╬п╧ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╨ я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴я┐ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╦ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я▌я┌ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я┐я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ п©п╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╪. п■п╬ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╟я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╩п╟я│я▄ я│п╟п╪п╬п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧я│я▐ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╬п╧, п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╫я▀п╣ п╦ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀.
+
+п╜я┌п╦п╪ п╩п╣я┌п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─я▀ п©я─п╬пЁп╬п╩п╬я│п╬п╡п╟п╩п╦ п╥п╟ п©п╣я─п╣я┘п╬п╢ п╨ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╨я─п╟я┌п╦я┤п╫п╬п╧ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩п╦, п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫я▐я▌я┴п╦п╪я│я▐ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪ п╨ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╣ п╡ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╬п╡п╦п╫я▀ я│я┌п╟я─я▀я┘ я┤п╩п╣п╫п╬п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п╬я│я┌п╟п╩п╦я│я▄ п╡ п╫п╣п╧, п©я─п╣п╣п╪я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я│п╬я┘я─п╟п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐.
+
+пёя┬п╣п╢я┬п╦п╧ п╦п╥ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ Poul-Henning Kamp я│п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩: "п╞ пЁп╬я─п╤я┐я│я▄ я┌п╣п╪, я┤я┌п╬ п╪я▀ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩п╦ п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╣ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ п╥п╟ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ 8 п╩п╣я┌. п²п╬п╡п╟я▐ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╟я▐ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟, п╦ я│п╟п╪ я└п╟п╨я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╟ п╡я▀п╠я─п╟п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌я┌п╣я─п╟п╪п╦, п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╡ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣п╧ я│я┌п╣п©п╣п╫п╦ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟я┌я▄ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪."
+
+п║п╪п╣п╫п╟ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╟ п╡ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╪ п©я─п╬я┬п╩п╟ п╡ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╣п╧ п╬п╠я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣, п я█п╪п© п╬я┌п╪п╣я┤п╟п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я│п╣ п╠я▀п╡я┬п╦п╣ я┤п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╟я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ я│ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╪ п╫п╟п©п╬я─п╬п╪ п╫п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨я┐: "п╒п╣п©п╣я─я▄ я▐ п╪п╬пЁя┐ п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫п╬п╪я┐ п╨п╬п╢я┐ FreeBSD, п╟ п╫п╣ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╪."
+
+== п▓я▀п╠я─п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я┤п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀
+
+*Satoshi Asami* - я│п╬п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ п╦ CTO п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ DecorMagic, Inc. п╦ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╥п╟ п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▌ п÷п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD.
+
+*David Greenman* - я│п╬п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD п╦ п╡ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╣п╥п╦п╢п╣п╫я┌п╬п╪ TeraSolutions, Inc., п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦, п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢я▐я┴п╣п╧ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─я▀ п≤п╫я┌п╣я─п╫п╣я┌ п╦ RAID-я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ я┘я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘.
+
+*Jordan Hubbard* - я│п╬п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄ п©п╬ я│п╡я▐п╥я▐п╪ я│ п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥-п╦п╫п╤п╣п╫п╣я─. п·п╫ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╦я├п╣-п©я─п╣п╥п╦п╢п╣п╫я┌п╬п╪ п©п╬ п═п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪ я│ п·я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п п╬п╢п╬п╪ п╡ BSDi.
+
+*Greg Lehey* - п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄, я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩п╦п╥п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╣ п╡ Linuxcare; п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬я┐я▌ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ я│п╡п╬п╣п╧ п©я─п╬я└п╣я│я│п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╨п╟я─я▄п╣я─я▀ п╬п╫ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩ п╡ п⌠п╣я─п╪п╟п╫п╦п╦, пЁп╢п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╩ п╫п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╡я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦п╨п╦, п╨п╟п╨ Univac, Tandem п╦ Siemens-Nixdorf. п·п╫ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ Vinum п╢п╩я▐ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╬п╪п╟п╪п╦ п╦ RAID п╡п╬ FreeBSD, п╠я▀п╩ п©я─п╦п╡п╩п╣я┤п╣п╫ п╨ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я┐ SMPng п╡п╬ FreeBSD, п╦ п╨ я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╤п╣ п╬п╫ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╨п╫п╦пЁ Porting Unix Software п╦ The Complete FreeBSD.
+
+*Warner Losh* п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟п╩я│я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╟ pccard п╦п╥ NetBSD п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╡п╟ пЁп╬п╢п╟ п╠я▀п╩ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐п╤п╠я▀ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ FreeBSD.
+
+*Doug Rabson* я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╬п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╪ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Qube Software Ltd., я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩п╦п╥п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧я│я▐ п╫п╟ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я▐я┘ я┌я─п╣я┘п╪п╣я─п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╨п╦. п∙пЁп╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│ п╫п╟ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ alpha п╦ ia64, п╦ п╬п╫ п╠я▀п╩ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╫я▀п╪ п╦п╢п╣п╬п╩п╬пЁп╬п╪ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╡п╬ FreeBSD.
+
+*Mike Smith* я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ Principal Engineer п╡ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╣ Open Source Solutions п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ BSDi, п╦ п©я─п╬я▐п╡п╩я▐п╩ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╨п╟п╨ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨, п╨п╟п╨ я│п╡я▐п╥я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ я│ OEM, п╦п╫п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╨п╟п╨ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌п╬я─ п╦ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡.
+
+*Robert Watson* я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┐я┤п╣п╫я▀п╪-п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╪ п╦п╥ NAI Labs, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦п╪ п╫п╟п╢ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟п╪п╦ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я│п╣я┌п╣п╧ п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪. п∙пЁп╬ п╡п╨п╩п╟п╢ п╡ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ п╫п╟п╢ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ (http://www.trustedbsd.org[TrustedBSD]), п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я┐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ п╡ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╣ я│п╩я┐п╤п╠я▀ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦.
+
+*Peter Wemm* п╠я▀п╩ п©я─п╦п╡п╩п╣я┤п╣п╫ п╨ FreeBSD я│ п©п╣я─п╡я▀я┘ п╢п╫п╣п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ ISP п╡ п░п╡я│я┌я─п╟п╩п╦п╦ п╦ я│ я┌п╣я┘ п©п╬я─ я┐я│п©п╣п╩ п©п╣я─п╣п╣я┘п╟я┌я▄ п╡ п║п╗п░, пЁп╢п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╦п╫п╤п╣п╫п╣я─п╟ п©п╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╪я┐ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╡ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Yahoo!, Inc. п∙пЁп╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╣п╪ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟ FreeBSD п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╫п╟п╢ я▐п╢я─п╬п╪.
+
+== п· FreeBSD
+
+FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╬п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪, п╡п╣п╢я┐я┴п╣п╧ я│п╡п╬я▌ я─п╬п╢п╬я│п╩п╬п╡п╫я┐я▌ п╬я┌ BSD Net/2 п╦ 4.4 Lite, п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╟я┘ Berkeley Software, я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟п╡я┬п╦я┘я│я▐ п╡ п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦п╧я│п╨п╬п╪ пёп╫п╦п╡п╣я─я│п╦я┌п╣я┌п╣ п╡ п▒п╣я─п╨п╩п╦ п╢п╬ 1994 пЁп╬п╢п╟. п·п╫п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡я│п╣п╪п╦я─п╫п╬п╧ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡, п╨п╟п╨ п╬п©п╩п╟я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╠п╣я│п©п╩п╟я┌п╫п╬. FreeBSD п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╟я▌я┌ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╟я▐ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╡ я│п╣я┌п╦ п╦ я│ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧, я┤я┌п╬ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╬п╡п╟п╧п╢п╣я─п╟п╪п╦ п≤п╫я┌п╣я─п╫п╣я┌, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╣ п╡ п╦п╫п╢я┐я│я┌я─п╦п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦, п╨п╟п╨ *Yahoo!*, *above.net* п╦ *Verio*. FreeBSD я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я┤п╟я│я┌п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨п╟п╨ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│я┌я─п╟п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╧, п╨п╟п╨ *IBM*, *Inktomi*, *Juniper Networks* п╦ *Network Alchemy - a Nokia Company*.
+
+п▒п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣п╫п╟ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://www.FreeBSD.org[http://www.FreeBSD.org/].
+
+== п п╬п╫я┌п╟п╨я┌я▀ я│ п©я─п╣я│я│п╬п╧
+
+Jordan Hubbard +
+The FreeBSD Project +
+925-682-7859 +
+jkh@FreeBSD.org
+
+== # # #
+
+BSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╥п╟я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ я┌п╬я─пЁп╬п╡я▀п╪ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪ Berkeley Software Design, Inc. п▓я│п╣ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я┌п╬я─пЁп╬п╡я▀п╣ п╪п╟я─п╨п╦ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╦я┘ п╡п╩п╟п╢п╣п╩я▄я├п╣п╡. п╒п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ BSD п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╫я▀ п╡ п п╟п╩п╦я└п╬я─п╫п╦п╧я│п╨п╬п╪ пёп╫п╦п╡п╣я─я│п╦я┌п╣я┌п╣ п╡ п▒п╣я─п╨п╩п╦ п╦ п╣пЁп╬ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╟п╪п╦.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/press/pressreleases.adoc b/website/content/ru/press/pressreleases.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b2ee9fef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/press/pressreleases.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╣я│я│-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+loadPress: false
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╣я│я│-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀ FreeBSD
+
+п╞п╫п╡п╟я─я▄ 20, 2003::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/press/press-rel-7[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ FreeBSD 5.0]
+п·п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 31, 2002::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/press/press-rel-6[п■п╣п╪п╬п╫ Opera: Opera Software п╡я▀п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩п╟ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD]
+18 п╬п╨я┌я▐п╠я─я▐ 2000: п²п╬п╡п╟я▐ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╟я▐ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟::
+link:press-rel-5[п÷п╣я─п╡я▀п╣ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─я▀ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ FreeBSD]
+9 п╪п╟я─я┌п╟ 2000::
+link:press-rel-4[п п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ BSD, п╬п╠я┼п╣п╢п╦п╫я▐я▌я┌я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╪п╦я─я┐ я│п╟п╪я▀п╣ п©п╬п©я┐п╩я▐я─п╫я▀п╣ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п≤п╫я┌п╣я─п╫п╣я┌]
+7 п╦я▌п╫я▐ 1999::
+link:press-rel-3[п║п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ BSD п©я─п╦п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╫п╬п╡я┐я▌ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я┐я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪ п╬я┌ я└п╦я─п╪я▀ Apple.]
+29 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 1999::
+link:press-rel-2[п÷п╬п╩п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ XML п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ я│ FreeBSD.]
+22 п╟п©я─п╣п╩я▐ 1999: The Matrix::
+link:press-rel-1[FreeBSD п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟я│я▄ п╢п╩я▐ пЁп╣п╫п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬я┌я─я▐я│п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ я│п©п╣я├я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡ п╡ я└п╦п╩я▄п╪п╣ _The Matrix_ п╨п╦п╫п╬п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Warner Brothers.]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/projects/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/projects/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee75968a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/projects/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: support
+---
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ FreeBSD
+
+[[development]]
+п я─п╬п╪п╣ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD, п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ пЁя─я┐п©п© я█п╫я┌я┐п╥п╦п╟я│я┌п╬п╡, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╫п╟п╢ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD. п÷п╣я─п╣п╧п╢п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╟п╪, п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╫п╦п╤п╣, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я┐п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬п╠ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟я┘.
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╣ п╫п╟я┬п╩п╦ п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╧ п╡п╟п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌, п©п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п©п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п╣пЁп╬ URL п╦ п╨я─п╟я┌п╨п╬п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ (п╬я┌ 3 п╢п╬ 10 я│я┌я─п╬п╨), п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ link:../mailto[www@FreeBSD.org]
+
+п я─п╬п╪п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦п╥ я█я┌п╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡ я─п╣пЁя┐п╩я▐я─п╫п╬ п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨я┐я▌я┌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╢п╣п╩, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣я┌я▄ п╫п╟ link:../news/status/[я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п╬ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╣п╪ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦].
+
+* <<documentation,п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐>>
+* link:../advocacy/[п▓ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┌я┐ FreeBSD]
+* <<applications,п÷я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐>>
+* <<networking,п║п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦>>
+* <<filesystem,п╓п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟>>
+* <<kernelandsecurity,п╞п╢я─п╬ п╦ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌я▄>>
+* <<devicedrivers,п■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─я▀ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡>>
+* <<architecture,п░я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟>>
+* <<misc,п═п╟п╥п╫п╬п╣>>
+* link:summerofcode[п≤п╢п╣п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╫п╨я┐я─я│п╟ Google Summer of Code 2005]
+
+[[documentation]]
+== п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐
+
+* link:../docproj/[FreeBSD Documentation Project] The FreeBSD Documentation Project - я█я┌п╬ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╟ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©п╦я┬я┐я┌ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌ п╡ п╟п╨я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌ (я┌п╟п╨я┐я▌, п╨п╟п╨ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╦ FAQ) п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄, п©п╬п╢п©п╦я┬п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╫п╟ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org п╦ п©я─п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟п╧я┌п╣ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ п╣пЁп╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣.
+* link:newbies.html[FreeBSD Resources for Newbies] я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╪ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ я┌п╣п╪, п╨я┌п╬ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╪ п╡ п╪п╦я─п╣ FreeBSD п╦ UNIX(R). п∙я│я┌я▄ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-newbies@FreeBSD.org.
+* http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/[п÷п╬п╦я│п╨ RELEASE/SNAP п╫п╟ FTP-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟я┘ FreeBSD]. п═п╣я│я┐я─я│, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п©п╬п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ FTP-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ я│ п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╣п╧ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟ п╦п╩п╦ я│п╫я█п©я┬п╬я┌п╟ FreeBSD. п▒п╟п╥п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╣п╤п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫п╬ п╡ 3 я┤п╟я│п╟ п╫п╬я┤п╦ п©п╬ п°п╣п╩я▄п╠я┐я─п╫я┐ (10 я┤п╟я│п╬п╡ п╡п©п╣я─п╣п╢ п╬я┌ UTC).
+* http://www.freebsddiary.org/[The FreeBSD Diary] я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╠п╬я─п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪ п╨я─п╟я┌п╨п╦я┘ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╧, п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╡ п╡ UNIX. п╕п╣п╩я▄я▌ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╟ п©п╬я┬п╟пЁп╬п╡я▀я┘ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡ п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╦ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╣ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧.
+* http://www.vmunix.com/fbsd-book/[A Comprehensive Guide to FreeBSD] - п©п╬п©я▀я┌п╨п╟ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┤п╦я┌п╟п╣п╪я▀п╧ "п╨п╫п╦п╤п╫я▀п╧" п╡п╟я─п╦п╟п╫я┌ п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╦я▐, п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я┐я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ FreeBSD. п÷я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╡ п╨п╟п╨ п╡п╬ FreeBSD, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╡ UNIX. п▓ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╣ п╢п╬я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦.
+* http://flag.blackened.net/freebsd/[FreeBSD How-To's for the Lazy and Hopeless] я█я┌п╬ п╣я┴п╣ п╬п╢п╫п╟ п©п╬п©я▀я┌п╨п╟ п╬я┌ я┤п╦я│я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│п╣я─п╢я├п╟ п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┤п╦я┌п╟п╣п╪я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╡ я│я┌п╦п╩п╣ "how-to" п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╦ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD.
+* http://home.worldonline.dk/nkbj/Linux+FreeBSD/Linux+FreeBSD.html[Linux+FreeBSD mini-HOWTO] п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌, п╨п╟п╨ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ Linux п╦ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣. п▓ п╫п╣п╪ п╢п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╦ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╟п╣я┌я│я▐, п╨п╟п╨ я█я┌п╦ п╢п╡п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╡п╥п╟п╦п╪п╬п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▐ п╬п╠я┴п╣п╣ п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╟ п©п╬п╢п╨п╟я┤п╨п╦.
+* http://www.treefort.org/~rpratt/freebsd/227/[Install Preview for FreeBSD 2.2.7] п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬, п╦п╩п╩я▌я│я┌я─п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘, п╨я┌п╬ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╪ п╡ unix п╦/п╦п╩п╦ FreeBSD.
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/index.html[FreeBSD п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡]
+* http://www.freebsd-corp-net-guide.com/[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─п╟ п╨п╬я─п©п╬я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ я│п╣я┌п╦] п╜я┌п╬я┌ я│п╟п╧я┌ я─п╟я│я│п╪п╟я┌я─п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨п╟п╨ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡я┐ п©п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ FreeBSD п╡ п╨п╬я─п©п╬я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ я│п╣я┌я▐я┘, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ я├п╣п╩я▄я▌ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╡я▀я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬я┌п╢п╟я┤п╦ п╬я┌ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦. п п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╨п╟п╨ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦ п╡ п╤п╟п╫я─п╣, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╠п╣п╩п╩п╣я┌я─п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╦, п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я┤п╦я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╦ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я┌я▄ я┐п╢п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄я│я┌п╡п╦п╣ п╡ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╬я┌п╣п╫ п╩п╣я┌ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п©п╣я─п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐, я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟, п╨ п╨п╟п╨п╦п╪ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌я│я▐ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─п╟, я┐я│я┌п╟я─п╣п╡п╟я▌я┌ п╡ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╦я┘ п╩п╣я┌ п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╬п╫п╦ п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌.
+
+[[applications]]
+== п÷я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐
+
+* link:../java/[Java(R) п╡п╬ FreeBSD] п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, пЁп╢п╣ п╡п╥я▐я┌я▄ я│п╟п╪я┐я▌ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫я▌я▌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ JDK(R) п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD, п╨п╟п╨ п╣пЁп╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦ п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌я▄, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ java, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╡п╟я│ п╥п╟п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄. п≈п╟п╪п╣я┌я▄я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ JDK п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╧ п╢п╬ 2.2.
+* link:../gnome/[GNOME п╡п╬ FreeBSD] п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, пЁп╢п╣ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫я▌я▌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ GNOME п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD, п╨п╟п╨ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦ п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╣я▒, п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╦ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐, FAQ, п╬я│п╡п╣я┴п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ GNOME, я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD, я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п©п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╣.
+* http://freebsd.kde.org[KDE п╡ FreeBSD] п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀ KDE п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD, п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╦ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨п╟п╪п╦ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, п╨п╟п╨ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦ п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ KDE п╡ FreeBSD. п■п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╦ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD FAQ.
+* link:../ports/[п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD] п п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬ я│п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ я│ п╪п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╥п╟я┌я─п╟я┌п╟п╪п╦. п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡, п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┴п╣п╧я│я▐ п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡.
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~fenner/portsurvey/[FreeBSD Ports distfiles survey] я█я┌п╬ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨, п╬я┌я─п╟п╤п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п╢п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╬п╠я┴п╣п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟.
+* http://FreshPorts.org/[FreshPorts] п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╟п╪я▀п╧ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╧ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ п╫п╦я┘. п■п╬п╠п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ п╡п╟я┬п╦ п╩я▌п╠п╦п╪я▀п╣ п©п╬я─я┌я▀ п╡ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╦ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟п╧я┌п╣ я┐п╡п╣п╢п╬п╪п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬ п╩я▌п╠я▀я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐я┘.
+* http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org/[Pointyhat] - я█я┌п╬ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─, п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─я▐я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦я▌ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ п╦ я┘я─п╟п╫я▐я┴п╦п╧ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩я▀ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ п╦ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟.
+
+[[networking]]
+== п║п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦
+
+* Netperf: п·п©я┌п╦п╪п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬пЁп╬ я│я┌п╣п╨п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я▐п╢п╣я─ FreeBSD 5.x п╦ 6.x, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡я│п╩п╣п╢ п╥п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╧ п©п╬ п╠п╩п╬п╨п╦я─п╬п╡п╨п╟п╪ SMPng п╡ я│я┌п╣п╨п╣ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬п╡ FreeBSD 5.3. п╕п╣п╩я▄я▌ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦п╥я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╣пЁп╦п╧ п╬п©я┌п╦п╪п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©п╬я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│я┌п╣п╨п╟ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬п╡.
+* Dingo: _FreeBSD Network Cleanup and Consolidation Project_ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╣п╫я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╨п╟ п╦ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│я┌п╣п╨п╟ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬п╡ FreeBSD. п╕п╣п╩я▄я▌ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢я┐п╠п╩п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧я│я▐ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ я│ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я┐п©я─п╬я│я┌я▐я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ FreeBSD п╨п╟п╨ я│ я┌п╬я┤п╨п╦ п╥я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩п╦я│я┌п╬п╡ п©п╬ я│п╣я┌я▐п╪, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ я█п╨я│п©п╣я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я┌п╬я─п╬п╡ п╦ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╡.
+* http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/kjc/kjc/software.html[ALTQ]: я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п©я┐я│п╨п╫п╬п╧ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧
+* http://www.kame.net/[KAME Project], я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐п╣п╪я▀п╧ я│я┌п╣п╨ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬п╡ IPv6/IPsec п╢п╩я▐ BSD
+* http://www.awfulhak.org/ppp.html[Point to Point Protocol (PPP)]
+* http://www.cs.pdx.edu/research/SMN/[Secure MobileIP via IP]
+* [[SYSLOG-SECURE]]SYSLOG-SECURE: п▓ п╟п╡пЁя┐я│я┌п╣ 2001 п╠я▀п╩ п╡я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌ п╢п╩я▐ syslog: RFC3164. п▓ п╫я▒п╪ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫я▀ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ syslog, п©п╬п╡я▀я┬п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌я▄. п▓ 2002 пЁп╬п╢я┐ п╪п╫п╬п╧ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п©п╬ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ RFC3164 п╨ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ syslog, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪п╬п╧ п╡п╬ FreeBSD, п╦ п©п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌я▄. п п╟п╨ п╪п╦п╫п╦п╪я┐п╪ syslog-sign. п▒я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫я▀ libc п╦ syslogd. п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫я▀ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨п╦/я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌. п÷я─п╦п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╩я▌п╠п╟я▐ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄. п·я┌п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐п╧я┌п╣ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌п╣ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ albert@ons-huis.net.
+
+[[filesystem]]
+== п╓п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀
+
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~yar/hfs/[HFS п╦ HFS Plus п╡п╬ FreeBSD.] п╕п╣п╩я▄я▌ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╟я├п╦я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ HFS п╦п╥ Darwin п╡п╬ FreeBSD.
+* http://www.stacken.kth.se/projekt/arla/[Arla] я█я┌п╬ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐п╣п╪п╟я▐ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╨п╩п╦п╣п╫я┌я│п╨п╬п╧ я┤п╟я│я┌п╦ п╢п╩я▐ AFS. п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╣п╧ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╩п╦п╣п╫я┌п╟ я│п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬пЁп╬ AFS. п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╪п╦ п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─я┐п╣п╪я▀п╪п╦ п╦ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡я│п╣ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╫п╟я▐ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄.
+* http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/[Coda] я█я┌п╬ я─п╟я│п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟. п я─п╬п╪п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╡ п╡ я│п╦я┌я┐п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡п╦я▐ я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╡ п╫п╣п╧ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╟я▐ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩я▄ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, я─п╣п©п╩п╦п╨п╟я├п╦я▐ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ п╦ п╫п╟п╢я▒п╤п╫п╬п╣ п╨я█я┬п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│п╬ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫я▀ п╨п╩п╦п╣п╫я┌я│п╨п╬п╧ я┤п╟я│я┌п╦.
+* http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~ezk/research/software/[cryptfs] п╬я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я┬п╦я└я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦п╪я▒п╫ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ п╟п╩пЁп╬я─п╦я┌п╪п╟ Blowfish.
+* http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/santry99deciding.html[Elephant]: п╓п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╫п╦я┤п╣пЁп╬ п╫п╣ п╥п╟п╠я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌
+* http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~ganger/papers/[п√я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡ п╪я▐пЁп╨п╦я┘ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╧: п╟я│п╦п╫я┘я─п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┌п╟ п╪п╣я┌п╟-п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘]
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~terry/[п▒п╩п╬п╨п╦я─п╬п╡п╨п╟ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╟ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟]
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~terry/[п⌠п╦п╠п╨п╦п╧ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ п╨ namei]
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~terry/[п▒п╩п╬п╨п╦я─п╬п╡п╨п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ п╦ п╨п╩п╦п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ NFS]
+* http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix99/full_papers/nightingale/nightingale_html/[п░я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟ п╦ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╟ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ DCD п╢п╩я▐ Unix]
+* http://iclub.nsu.ru/~semen/ntfs/[п■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ NTFS п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD] п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я▀ Windows(R) NTFS п╡п╬ FreeBSD. п▓ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я▀ NTFS п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ п╡ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣ "я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦я▐", я┘п╬я┌я▐ п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╡ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣ "я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦п╣/п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▄".
+* http://www.eecs.umich.edu/Rio/[Rio (RAM I/O)]: п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ Rio п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢я┐п╣я┌ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟п╢я▒п╤п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦. п²п╟п╢п╣п╤п╫п╟я▐ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩п╦я┌ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╢я▒п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╦ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀.
+* ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src/sys/ffs/ufs/README.softupdates[Soft Updates:] п═п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╣я┌п╟п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣
+* http://www.tcfs.it/[TCFS] я█я┌п╬ Transparent Cryptographic File System, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╪ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦п╢п╣п╫я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╡ я─п╟я│п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣. п║ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ пЁп╩я┐п╠п╬п╨п╬п╧ п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╟я├п╦п╦ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ я│п╩я┐п╤п╠п╟п╪п╦ я┬п╦я└я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧, п╬п╫п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п©я─п╬п╥я─п╟я┤п╫п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐. п╓п╟п╧п╩я▀ я┘я─п╟п╫я▐я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╥п╟я┬п╦я└я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬п╪ п╡п╦п╢п╣ п╦ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я└я─п╬п╡я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╢п╬ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╦ я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦я▐. п÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ я┬п╦я└я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐/п╡п╬я│я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╫п╟ п╨п╩п╦п╣п╫я┌я│п╨п╬п╧ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╣ п╦ п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╨п╩я▌я┤ я┬п╦я└я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╦п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╫п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬ я│п╣я┌п╦.
+* http://now.cs.berkeley.edu/Td/[Tertiary Disk] я█я┌п╬ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟ я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦я┘ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪, п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┴п╟я▐ п╦п╥п╠п╣п╤п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╣я│п╬п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫я│я┌п╡п╟ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╪п╟я│я│п╦п╡п╬п╡. п≤п╪я▐ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╬я┌я─п╟п╤п╟п╣я┌ п╣п╣ я├п╣п╩п╦: п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ я├п╣п╫я┐ п╥п╟ п╪п╣пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌ п╦ п╣п╪п╨п╬я│я┌я▄ п╩п╣п╫я┌п╬я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨ п╦ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╪п╟пЁп╫п╦я┌п╫я▀я┘ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡. п°я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣, я│п╟п╪я▀п╣ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╪п╟я│я┬я┌п╟п╠п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╬п╧ п╢п╣я┬п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ я┌п╣я─п╟п╠п╟п╧я┌п╫п╬п╧ п╣п╪п╨п╬я│я┌п╦. п²п╟я┬п╟ я├п╣п╩я▄ - п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ я┘я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│я┌п╬п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄я▌, п╩п╦я┬я▄ п╫п╟ 30-50% п©я─п╣п╡я▀я┬п╟я▌я┴п╣п╧ п©п╬ я├п╣п╫п╣ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╦я│п╨ я┌п╬п╧ п╤п╣ п╣п╪п╨п╬я│я┌п╦. п■п╩я▐ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╨ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╪я┐ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡я┐ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡, Tertiary Disk п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌ п÷п , п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╨ п╨п╬п╪п╪я┐я┌п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╬п╧ я│п╣я┌п╦. п²п╟я┬ п©я─п╬я┌п╬я┌п╦п© я│п╬я│я┌п╬п╦я┌ п╦п╥ 20 п©п╣я─я│п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ я│ я┌п╟п╨я┌п╬п╡п╬п╧ я┤п╟я│я┌п╬я┌п╬п╧ 200 п°п⌠я├, я┐п╨п╬п╪п©п╩п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ 370 п╢п╦я│п╨п╟п╪п╦ п╬п╠я┼я▒п╪п╬п╪ 8 п⌠п╠п╟п╧я┌ п╨п╟п╤п╢я▀п╧. п÷п  п╬п╠я┼п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫я▀ п╨п╬п╪п╪я┐я┌п╟я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ Ethernet п©я─п╬п©я┐я│п╨п╫п╬п╧ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ 100 п°п╠п╦я┌/я│.
+* http://www.vinumvm.org/[Vinum] я█я┌п╬ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╢п╤п╣я─ п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ я┌п╬п╪п╬п╡, я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п©п╬ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╦я▌ VERITAS volume manager(TM). п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╨п╩п╬п╫ Veritas, п╟ п©п╬п©я▀я┌п╨п╟ я─п╣я┬п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я█п╩п╣пЁп╟п╫я┌п╫п╬, я┤п╣п╪ я█я┌п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫п╬ п╡ Veritas. п▓ п╫п╣п╪ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧, п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╡ Veritas.
+* http://www.tamacom.com/pathconvert/[The PathConvert project] - я█я┌п╬ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┌ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╣п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ п╟п╠я│п╬п╩я▌я┌п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╦ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╟п╪п╦ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡. п╜я┌п╬ п╢п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©я─п╣п╦п╪я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ NFS п╦ WWW.
+
+[[kernelandsecurity]]
+== п╞п╢я─п╬ п╦ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌я▄
+
+* http://drawbridge.tamu.edu/[Drawbridge] я█я┌п╬ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ п╢п╩я▐ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╪п╣п╤я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬пЁп╬ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╟, я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╡ Texas A&M University п╦ п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦я┘ п╟п╨п╟п╢п╣п╪п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫я▀я┘ п╥п╟п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐я┘. п∙пЁп╬ я│п╟п╪п╬п╧ п©я─п╦п╡п╩п╣п╨п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫п╬п╧ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я┌я▄ я└п╦п╩я▄я┌я─п╟я├п╦я▌ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ п╫п╟ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п╧ я│п╨п╬я─п╬я│я┌п╦ п©я─п╦ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦п╦ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я┘п╬я│я┌п╬п╡ п╡ п╬п╠я┴п╣п╧ я│п╣я┌п╦.
+* http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dpetrou/research.html[Lottery Scheduling Kernel]: п▓ я█я┌п╬п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡я┴п╦п╨п╟ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╩п╬я┌п╣я─п╣п╧п╫я▀п╧ п╟п╩пЁп╬я─п╦я┌п╪ пёя█п╩п╢я│п©я▒п╢п╤п╣я─п╟ (Waldspurger), п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╬ п©я─п╬п©п╬я─я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╟п╪п╦. п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀п╪ п©я─п╣п╦п╪я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я▌я┌ я│я┌я─п╬пЁп╦п╧ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩я▄ п╥п╟ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я│п╨п╬я─п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╡п╬п╦я┘ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬п╡ п╦ п╨я─п╬п╪п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╬п╫п╦ п╦п╥п╬п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╢я─я┐пЁ п╬я┌ п╢я─я┐пЁп╟ я┌п╟п╨, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ п╫п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╥п╟п╫я▐я┌я▄ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀ CPU.
+* http://www.OpenBSM.org/[OpenBSM] я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╬п╧ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╟ п╦ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╟ п╟я┐п╢п╦я┌п╟ Basic Security Module (BSM) п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Sun. OpenBSM п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╣ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╦, п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╟я┐п╢п╦я┌п╟ п╡ я─п╟п╪п╨п╟я┘ TrustedBSD, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╡п╬ FreeBSD.
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~terry/[п²п╟п╠п╬я─ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я┐я┌п╣я┤п╨п╦ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟]
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~abial/spy/[SPY] п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩п╦я┌ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦/п╦п╩п╦ п╡я▀п╠п╬я─п╬я┤п╫п╬ п╠п╩п╬п╨п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫я▀п╣ п╡я▀п╥п╬п╡я▀ п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣. п·п╫ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨п╟п╨ п╪п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╬пЁя─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╦п╩п╦ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╬я┌п╩п╟п╢п╨п╦.
+* http://www.TrustedBSD.org/[TrustedBSD] п╢п╟я▒я┌ FreeBSD п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦п╧, п©я─п╦я│я┐я┴п╦я┘ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┴я▒п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣. п╜я┌п╬ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╡ я│п╣п╠я▐ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╨п╟п╨ я┌п╬п╫п╨п╬ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╟п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п©я─п╟п╡п╟ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟, я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╬п╪ п╦ п╤я▒я│я┌п╨п╬п╣ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╬п╪. п╜я┌п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╡ п╠п╟п╥п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡ FreeBSD, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╫п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╫п╟ BSD я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀
+* http://www.holm.cc/stress/[п÷п╟п╨п╣я┌ п╤я▒я│я┌п╨п╬пЁп╬ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я▐п╢я─п╟]. п÷я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│я┌я─п╣я│я│-я┌п╣я│я┌п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡я▀п╥п╬п╡ п╟п╡п╟я─п╦п╧п╫п╬п╧ п╬я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. п·п╫ я│п╬я│я┌п╬п╦я┌ п╦п╥ п╫п╣п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦я┘ я┌п╣я│я┌п╬п╡я▀я┘ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪ п╦ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬п╡. п п╟п╤п╢я▀п╧ я┌п╣я│я┌ п╫п╟я├п╣п╩п╣п╫ п╫п╟ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌я▄ я▐п╢я─п╟. п п╩я▌я┤п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╦п╢п╣п╣п╧ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ я┌п╣я│я┌п╬п╡ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╣пЁп╬ я┘п╟п╬я┌п╦я┤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄. п÷п╣я─п╣п╢ п╨п╟п╤п╢я▀п╪ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╬п╪ п╡ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╧п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╣я│я┌п╟я┘ п╨п╟п╤п╢я▀п╧ я┌п╣я│я┌ п╡я▀п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©п╟я┐п╥я┐ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╧п╫п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦.
+
+[[devicedrivers]]
+== п■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─я▀ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡
+
+* п÷я─п╣п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ busdma п╦ SMPng: busdma п╢п╟я▒я┌ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╦п╪я▀п╧ я┐я─п╬п╡п╣п╫я▄ п╟п╠я│я┌я─п╟п╨я├п╦п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫я▀п╪п╦ п©я─п╦п╪п╦я┌п╦п╡п╟п╪п╦ п©я─я▐п╪п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╨ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ (Direct Memory Access, DMA), п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╪п╦ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╟п╪п╦ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡. п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▐ я█я┌я┐ п╟п╠я│я┌я─п╟п╨я├п╦я▌, п╟п╡я┌п╬я─я▀ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╦п╥п╠п╣пЁп╟я▌я┌ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╬п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ DMA, я┤я┌п╬ я┐п╡п╣п╩п╦я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟п╪п╦. п²п╟ я█я┌п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╡п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ п╨ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ я│ SMPng.
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~dfr/devices.html[п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢ п╨ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╡п╬ FreeBSD]
+* http://www.ccrc.wustl.edu/pub/chuck/tech/bsdatm/bsdatm.html[BSD ATM: я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ ATM п╡ 4.4BSD]: п²п╬п╡я▀п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п╡ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌я▐я┘, п╨п╟п╨ п╪я┐п╩я▄я┌п╦п╪п╣п╢п╦п╟, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ я│ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╦ я─п╟я│п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╡я▀я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐я▌я┌ п╬я┌ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╫п╬п╧ я│п╣я┌п╦ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ . п║п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ ATM п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌ п╬п╢п╫я┐ п╦п╥ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫я▀я┘ п╟п╩я▄я┌п╣я─п╫п╟я┌п╦п╡, я┐п╢п╬п╡п╩п╣я┌п╡п╬я─я▐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я█я┌п╦п╪ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ я│п╩п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ ATM п©п╬ я│я─п╟п╡п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌ я│ я┌я─п╟п╢п╦я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ я│п╣я┌я▐п╪п╦, я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪п╦, п╨п╟п╨ Ethernet, я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╠п╟я─я▄п╣я─п╬п╪ п╫п╟ п©я┐я┌п╦ п╣пЁп╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐. п▓ я█я┌п╬п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╪я▀ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я┐ п╦ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▌ BSD ATM, п╬п╠п╩п╣пЁя┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╦ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╧ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫я▀п╧ я┐я─п╬п╡п╣п╫я▄ ATM п╢п╩я▐ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ я│п╣п╪п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ BSD. BSD ATM п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╨п╟п╨ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬пЁп╬ я┌я─п╟я└п╦п╨п╟ IP, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ ``я─п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬'' я┌я─п╟я└п╦п╨п╟ ATM.
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~fsmp/HomeAuto/HomeAuto.html[п■п╬п╪п╟я┬п╫я▐я▐ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦п╨п╟] я│ FreeBSD, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─я▀ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╠п╬я─п╬п╡, п╦п╫я└я─п╟п╨я─п╟я│п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─я▀, п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╣п╩п╣я└п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╦ я┌п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫п╬п╣.
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~gibbs/ARTICLE-0001.html[CAM: п²п╬п╡я▀п╧ я┐я─п╬п╡п╣п╫я▄ SCSI п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD] п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╣ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╧ я┐я─п╬п╡п╣п╫я▄ CAM SCSI п╦ п╨п╟п╨ п╬п╫ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌.
+* http://www.jurai.net/~winter/tr/tr.html[The FreeBSD Token-Ring Project] п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐, я└п╟п╧п╩я▀, п©п╟я┌я┤п╦ п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ п©п╬ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╣ Token Ring п╡п╬ FreeBSD.
+* [[xircomcem]]п■п╩я▐ п╢п╟п╩я▄п╫п╣п╧я┬п╣п╧ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╟ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╟ Xircom CEM п╬я┌ п║п╨п╬я┌я┌п╟ п°п╦я┌я┤п╣п╩п╩п╟ (Scott Mitchell) я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦. п╖я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©я─п╦я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╦я┌я▄я│я▐, п©п╬я┬п╩п╦я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ я│п╬ я│я┌я─п╬я┤п╨п╬п╧ `+subscribe freebsd-xircom+` п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ majordomo@lovett.com.
+* [[raid]] http://people.FreeBSD.org/~msmith/RAID/[п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨] п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ RAID-п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п╦ я│п╬п©я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ п╫п╦я┘ п╬я┌ п°п╟п╧п╨п╟ п║п╪п╦я┌п╟ (Mike Smith).
+
+[[architecture]]
+== п░я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟
+
+* link:../platforms/alpha[п÷п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│ FreeBSD п╫п╟ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ Alpha] п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ FreeBSD Alpha, п╣пЁп╬ я│я┌п╟я┌я┐я│п╣, п╬ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟я┘ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪п╬п╪ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬п╪ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╦, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╬ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟я┘, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│ Alpha.
+* link:../platforms/ia64/[п÷п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│ FreeBSD п╫п╟ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ IA-64] п╜я┌п╬я┌ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╟ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я┐ IA-64. п▓я│п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ п╨п╟я│п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐п╧я┌п╣ п╡ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ freebsd-ia64@FreeBSD.org.
+* link:../platforms/ppc[п÷п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│ FreeBSD п╫п╟ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ PowerPC(R).] п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ FreeBSD PPC, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟я┘ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╦ я┌п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫п╬п╣.
+* link:../platforms/sparc[п÷п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│ FreeBSD п╫п╟ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ SPARC(R)] п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ FreeBSD SPARC, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ FAQ, п╫п╣п╨п╦п╧ п╨п╬п╢ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦, п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟я┘ п╦ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╦я┘ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟я┘ SPARC, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟я┘, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╬ SPARC.
+* п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ http://slash.dotat.org/~newton/freebsd-svr4/[The SysVR4 Emulation] п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ я█п╪я┐п╩я▐я┌п╬я─ SysVR4 п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD. п▓ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╬п╫ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟я┌я▄ (п╦п╩п╦, п╡ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟я▐я┘, п╥п╟п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌я▄ п╡я─я┐я┤п╫я┐я▌) п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ SysV, п╡п╥я▐я┌я▀я┘ п╦п╥ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╨п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ Solaris(TM)/x86 2.5.1 п╦ 2.6. пё п╪п╣п╫я▐ п╣я│я┌я▄ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫я▀ п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄ п╡ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟я┌я▄ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ п╬я┌ SCO UnixWare п╦ SCO OpenServer.
+* http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/oskit/[The OSKit] OSKit - я█я┌п╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ п╦ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п╦п╥ 31 п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌, п╬я─п╦п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╣п╧я┬п╟я▐ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐. п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▐ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢ п╫п╣ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╨ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡я┐ п╦п╫я└я─п╟я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╡ п·п║, п╫п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦ п╨п╬ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╪ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣п╡я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╟п╪, я├п╣п╩я▄я▌ OSKit я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╫п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╠п╟я─я▄п╣я─п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ OS R&D п╦ я┐п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╣пЁп╬ я│я┌п╬п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦. OSKit п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┐п©я─п╬я┴п╟п╣я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ п·п║, п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ п·п║ п╫п╟ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я┐ x86 (п╦п╩п╦ п╡ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣п╪ п╫п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╡ OSKit) п╦п╩п╦ я┐я│п╦п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п·п║ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╟ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡, я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╬п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪, п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╪я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦п╩п╦ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ я│п╩я┐п╤п╠. OSKit я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╧ п·п║, я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘, п╨п╟п╨ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я┤п╦п╨п╦ п╦п╩п╦ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─я▀ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫я▐ п·п║ п©п╬п╡п╣я─я┘ п╪п╦п╨я─п╬я▐п╢я─п╟.
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~picobsd/[Small and embedded FreeBSD (PicoBSD)] PicoBSD я█я┌п╬ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ FreeBSD, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╬п╢п╫я┐ п╢п╦я│п╨п╣я┌я┐ п╦ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦я▐я┘ я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п©п╬ п╨п╬п╪п╪я┐я┌п╦я─я┐п╣п╪я▀п╪ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩п╟п╪, п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╧ п╠п╣п╥п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╪п╟я─я┬я─я┐я┌п╦п╥п╟я┌п╬я─ п╦п╩п╦ п╢п╟п╤п╣ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟. п≤ п╡я│я▒ я█я┌п╬ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╢п╦я│п╨п╣я┌п╣ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я─п╬п╪ 1.44 п°п╠п╟п╧я┌. PicoBSD я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╪п╦п╫п╦п╪я┐п╪ п╫п╟ 386SX я│ 8 п°п╠п╟п╧я┌п╟п╪п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п╦ п╫п╣ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦я▐ п╡п╦п╫я┤п╣я│я┌п╣я─п╟!
+
+[[misc]]
+== п═п╟п╥п╫п╬п╣
+
+* http://www.freesbie.org/[FreeSBIE] п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟ FreeBSD п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨ я│ "п╤п╦п╡п╬п╧" п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧. п²п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╣ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╦п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╣п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ я│ CD, п╩п╦п╠п╬ я│п╟п╪ CD п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╩я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╡п╟я┬ п╤я▒я│я┌п╨п╦п╧ п╢п╦я│п╨.
+* http://www.gnu.org/software/global/global.html[GLOBAL] п⌠п╩п╬п╠п╟п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п©я─п╦я│п╡п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╣пЁп╬п╡ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╪ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╟п╪, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╬п╢п╦п╫п╟п╨п╬п╡я▀п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫п╬п╪ п╬п╨я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦п╦. п▓ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌, п╬п╫п╟ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╫я┐я▌ я│я┌я─п╬п╨я┐ shell, я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╬я─ nvi, п╠я─п╟я┐п╥п╣я─ web, я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╬я─ emacs п╦ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╬я─ elvis, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╦ C, Yacc п╦ Java.
+* http://snapshots.jp.FreeBSD.org/tour/[п╒я┐я─ п©п╬ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╪ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╟п╪ FreeBSD]. п⌠п╦п©п╣я─я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡п╬п╣ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╟ я▐п╢я─п╟ FreeBSD. п÷я─п╬п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ -CURRENT п╦ RELENG_4.
+* http://www.de.daemonnews.org/199908/enteruser.html[Enteruser: п≈п╟п╪п╣п╫п╟ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀ Adduser]
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org/projects/acpi/[ACPI on FreeBSD]. п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌, п©я─п╦п╥п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦я┌я▄ пЁп╩п╟п╢п╨я┐я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ ACPI п╡п╬ FreeBSD.
+* http://www.daemonology.net/freebsd-update/[Binary Updater]. FreeBSD Update п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п╢п╩я▐ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐, я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╢п╡п╬п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╧ FreeBSD, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦. п╜я┌п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╦ FreeBSD п╠п╣п╥ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╡ п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩я▐я├п╦п╦ (п╨п╬п╫п╣я┤п╫п╬, п╥п╟ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀, я│я┌я─п╬я▐я┴п╣п╧ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐). п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╢п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪ п╨п╩я▌я┤п╬п╪; п╬п╫п╦ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ п╢п╡п╬п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ diff-я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀ diff, я┤я┌п╬ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я│п╫п╦п╤п╟п╣я┌ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п©я┐я│п╨п╫п╬п╧ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦.
+* link:&enbase;/projects/updater.html[Binary Updater (binup)]. п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ The FreeBSD Binary Updater Project п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╡п╬п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╨ FreeBSD. п╜я┌п╟ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨п╩п╦п╣п╫я┌/я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╫я▀п╪ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪п╬п╪, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╨п╩п╦п╣п╫я┌п╟п╪ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╩я▌п╠я▀п╣ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╣ "п©я─п╬я└п╦п╩п╦" п╦п╩п╦ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥я▀ FreeBSD п©п╬ я│п╣я┌п╦. п▓ я█я┌п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╫я▀п╧ п©я─п╬я└п╦п╩я▄ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦, п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ п╦ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я▐ п©п╬ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦п╢п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ (п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п©я─п╬я└п╦п╩я▄ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD 4.3 Secure Web server).
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/projects/c99/[The FreeBSD C99 & POSIX(R) Conformance Project] п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п╡я│п╣я┘ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╬п╡ ISO 9899:1999 (C99) п╦ IEEE 1003.1-2001 (POSIX).
+* link:cvsweb.html[CVSweb] я█я┌п╬ Web-п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ п╨ я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴я┐ CVS, п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╠я─п╟я┐п╥п╣я─ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╟ п╦п╣я─п╟я─я┘п╦п╦ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ п╦ п╦я│я┌п╬я─п╦п╦ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬пЁп╬ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ п╡ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ я┐п╢п╬п╠п╫п╬п╪ п╡п╦п╢п╣.
+* http://gerda.univie.ac.at/freebsd-laptops/[FreeBSD Laptops Compatibility List] я█я┌п╬ п©п╬п╩п╫п╟я▐ п╠п╟п╥п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©п╬п╡ п╦ п╨п╟я─я┌ PCMCIA, я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪я▀я┘ я│ FreeBSD. п╜я┌п╬я┌ я│п╟п╧я┌ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╢п╣я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬п╠ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀я┘ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫я▀я┘ п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫я▀я┘ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟я┘.
+* http://freebsd-current.sentex.ca/tinderbox/[FreeBSD Tinderbox] п©п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╫п╬ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟п╣я┌ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╣я┌п╡п╦ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦. п п╬пЁп╢п╟ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╟ п╫п╟ tinderbox п╥п╟п╡п╣я─я┬п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣я┐п╢п╟я┤п╫п╬, п╬п╫ п╬я┌п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п╡ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╟ п╪п╬пЁп╩п╟ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡п╬я│я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ п╡ п╨я─п╟я┌я┤п╟п╧я┬п╦п╧ я│я─п╬п╨. п≤я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╧ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌ Tinderbox п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ CVS-я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╣ FreeBSD п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╣ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/src/tools/tools/tinderbox/[src/tools/tools/tinderbox].
+* п²п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/projects/gnats4/[FreeBSD GNATS Upgrade] п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╦, пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╨ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌ п╦ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬ п╢п╣я┌п╟п╩я▐я┘ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я│ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨ FreeBSD я│ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ GNATS 3 п╢п╬ GNATS 4.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/projects/cvsweb.adoc b/website/content/ru/projects/cvsweb.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3ed57f59c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/projects/cvsweb.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD CVSweb"
+sidenav: support
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD CVSweb
+
+== п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟п╫п╦п╣
+
+* <<about,п╖я┌п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╣ CVSweb?>>
+* <<downloads,п╓п╟п╧п╩я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦>>
+* <<resources,п═п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀>>
+
+[[about]]
+== п╖я┌п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╣ CVSweb?
+
+CVSweb п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ Web-п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ п╢п╩я▐ CVS-я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴, п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬пЁп╬ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╟я┌я─п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╪ п╠я─п╟я┐п╥п╣я─п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я┐я▌ п╦п╣я─п╟я─я┘п╦я▌ п╦ п╦я│я┌п╬я─п╦я▌ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╩я▌п╠п╬пЁп╬ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╡ п╡п╣я│я▄п╪п╟ я┐п╢п╬п╠п╫п╬п╪ п╡п╦п╢п╣.
+
+CVSweb п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╩ &a.fenner; п╢п╩я▐ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD, п╦ п╬п╫ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦п╩ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬п╣ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│я─п╣п╢п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ я│п╦п╩я┐ я│п╡п╬п╣пЁп╬ я┐п╢п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╟ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.
+
+п÷п╟п╨п╣я┌ FreeBSD-CVSweb, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я─п╟п╫я▄я┬п╣ п╫п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╩я│я▐ knu-CVSweb, я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╣п╧ CVSweb, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╫п╟ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ CVSweb п╬я┌ Henner Zeller, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐, п╡ я│п╡п╬я▌ п╬я┤п╣я─п╣п╢я▄, я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╣п╧ п╬я─п╦пЁп╦п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ CVSweb. &a.knu; п╡п╫я▒я│ п╡ я█я┌я┐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╧, п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╦ я┐я│п╬п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧, п╡ я┌п╬п╪ я┤п╦я│п╩п╣ п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╦ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╦п╩ п╣я▒ п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╟п╪. п÷п╟п╨п╣я┌ FreeBSD-CVSweb я│п╣п╧я┤п╟я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ &a.scop;.
+
+FreeBSD-CVSweb я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫п╬ п╫п╟ я┐я│п╩п╬п╡п╦я▐я┘ http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.html[п⌡п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦п╦ BSD]. п²п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟я┘, п╨п╟п╨ http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/[FreeBSD], http://cvsweb.netbsd.org/[NetBSD], http://www.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/[Ruby].
+
+'''''
+
+[[downloads]]
+== п╓п╟п╧п╩я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦
+
+п║пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌п╣ tar-п╟я─я┘п╦п╡ я│ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╦п╤п╣ я│п╟п╧я┌п╬п╡. п÷п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╪ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╪ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ *3.0.5* (п╡я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫ 2005-01-22), п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╟ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/projects/cvsweb/NEWS?rev=1.44&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup[NEWS] п╦ http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/projects/cvsweb/ChangeLog?rev=1.188&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup[ChangeLog].
+
+* ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/local-distfiles/scop/
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~scop/cvsweb/
+* п÷я─п╬я┤я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ FreeBSD link:{handbook}#mirrors-ftp[п║п╣я─п╡п╣я─я▀ FTP] п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я│п╟п╧я┌п╟я┘.
+
+п▓ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╟я┘ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ я│я┌п╟я─я▀п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦. п═п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╬ 3.x, п╫п╬ п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╬пЁя─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╣п╫я▀ Perl я│я┌п╟я─я┬п╣ 5.6, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╧я┌п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ 2.0.x.
+
+п⌠п╬я┌п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╟ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ FreeBSD-CVSweb п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ п╡ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡п╬п╡ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╦я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪:
+
+* link:../ports/[п÷п╬я─я┌] http://www.FreeBSD.org/[FreeBSD] (п╡ devel/cvsweb3 п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ 3.x, п╟ п╡ devel/cvsweb я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╟ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ 2.x)
+* п÷п╟п╨п╣я┌ http://www.netbsd.org/[NetBSD] (www/cvsweb)
+* п÷п╬я─я┌ http://www.openbsd.org/[OpenBSD] (devel/cvsweb)
+* http://www.debian.org/[Debian GNU/Linux] (testing п╦ unstable)
+* http://fedora.redhat.com/projects/extras/[Fedora Extras]
+
+'''''
+
+[[resources]]
+== п═п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀
+
+п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟:::
+freebsd-cvsweb@FreeBSD.org п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┘п╬п╢п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╦ FreeBSD-CVSweb. п÷я─п╦п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п©п╟я┌я┤п╦, я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟я┘ п╦ п©я─п╬я│я▄п╠я▀ п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐я┘ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧. п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я│п©п╦я│п╨я┐ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐п╧я┌п╣ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦я▐п╪, п©п╬п╪п╣я┴я▒п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╡ link:{handbook}#ERESOURCES-SUBSCRIBE[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD]. п■п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ http://lists.FreeBSD.org/pipermail/freebsd-cvsweb/[п░я─я┘п╦п╡я▀ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦].
+CVS-я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴п╣::
+FreeBSD-CVSweb п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╣п╫ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ link:{handbook}#anoncvs[п╬п╠я┴п╣п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀п╧ pserver п╢п╩я▐ CVS]. п°п╬п╢я┐п╩я▄ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п╦п╪я▐ `/projects/cvsweb`. п╒п╣п╨я┐я┴п╣п╧ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╬п╧ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ `MAIN`, п╡п╣я┌п╨п╟ `rel-2_0-branch` я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ я│я┌п╟я─я┐я▌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌.
+CVSweb п╡ CVSweb::
+п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣я┌я▄ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╢ FreeBSD-CVSweb п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ я│п╟п╪п╬пЁп╬ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/projects/cvsweb/.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/projects/newbies.adoc b/website/content/ru/projects/newbies.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..55f09d89ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/projects/newbies.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+---
+title: "п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╡"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╡
+
+п²п╦п╤п╣ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦я┘ я┌п╣я┘ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╦ п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌ п╫п╟п╦п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я▀п╪п╦ п©я─п╦ п╦п╥я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦п╦ FreeBSD. п÷я─п╦я│я▀п╩п╟п╧я┌п╣ п╡п╟я┬п╦ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ mailto:freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org[FreeBSD-doc@FreeBSD.org].
+
+* <<web-site,п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD>>
+* <<fbsd,п≤п╥я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ FreeBSD>>
+* <<unix,п≤п╥я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ UNIX(R)>>
+* <<xwin,п≤п╥я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ X Window System>>
+* <<people,п÷п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪ п╩я▌п╢я▐п╪>>
+
+[[web-site]]
+== п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ FreeBSD
+
+п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀п╪ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪ п╟п╨я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ FreeBSD. п²п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌ п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я▀п╪п╦ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╨п╦:
+
+* link:../../search/[п÷п╬п╦я│п╨] п╡ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣ п╦ FAQ, п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪я┐ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─я┐ п╦п╩п╦ п╡ п╟я─я┘п╦п╡п╟я┘ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD.
+* п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ link:../../docs[п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦] я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п╦ FAQ, я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨п╦, п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌п╦п╦ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦я▐ п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ Documentation Project, п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ п╫п╟ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╟я┘, п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╬я┌ п╟п╫пЁп╩п╦п╧я│п╨п╬пЁп╬, п╬п╫п╩п╟п╧п╫ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ п╦ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п╣ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╣.
+* п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ link:../../support[п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦] п╦п╥п╬п╠п╦п╩я┐п╣я┌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╬ FreeBSD. п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦, пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧, я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─я▀ п╡п╣п╠ п╦ FTP-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─я▀, п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘ п╦ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╦ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ UNIX(R).
+
+[[fbsd]]
+== п≤п╥я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ FreeBSD
+
+* п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╣я┴я▒ п╫п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟п╩п╦ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я┐я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐, п╦ п©п╬п╨п╟ п╫п╣ я─п╣я┬п╦п╩п╦, п╨п╟п╨п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ FreeBSD п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╡п╟п╪ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬, я│я┌п╟я┌я▄я▐ п▓я▀п╠п╬я─ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╣п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╟я│ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ FreeBSD п©я─п╣п╢п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╡п╟п╪ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄. п║п╨п╬я─п╣п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╡п╟п╪ п©п╬п╢п╬п╧п╢п╣я┌ link:&u.rel2.announce;[п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╧ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥]. (п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡я┐ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀я▐я│п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫, п©п╬ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪ п╡п╟п╪ *п╫п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐п╣я┌* п©я▀я┌п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦.) п÷п╣я─п╣п╢ я┌п╣п╪, п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌я▄, п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©я─п╬я┤я┌п╦я┌п╣ link:{handbook}#install[п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣], п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╨п╟п╤п╢я▀п╧ п╦п╥ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ *.TXT, п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п╫п╟ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣ FTP п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╟ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╬я┤п╫п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╣. п·п╫п╦ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ я┌п╟п╪, п©п╬я┌п╬п╪я┐ я┤я┌п╬ п╡ п╫п╦я┘ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╟п╪ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐. п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©я─п╬я┤я┌п╦я┌п╣ я│п╡п╣п╤п╦п╧ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/[я└п╟п╧п╩ я│ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╬п╠ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟я┘] я│ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╬п╫ п╠я▀п╩ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▒п╫.
++
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я─п╣я┬п╦п╩п╦ я│п╨п╟я┤п╟я┌я▄ FreeBSD, я┌п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╢ я┌п╣п╪, п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌я▄, п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣, п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀ п╩п╦ п╣я┴я▒ я█я┌п╦ п╦п╩п╩я▌я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╦ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫я▀п╣ http://www.lemis.com/what-to-download.html[п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ я│п╨п╟я┤п╦п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌] п╬я┌ п©я─п╣п╢я▀п╢я┐я┴п╣п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦. п·п╫п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╣я│я▄ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ пЁп╬я─п╟п╥п╢п╬ п©я─п╬я┴п╣ п╦ п©п╬п╫я▐я┌п╫п╣п╣.
+* п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ link:../../docs/books/articles[п╨п╬я─п╬я┌п╨п╦я┘ я│я┌п╟я┌п╣п╧ п╦ п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╦п╧]. п я─п╟я┌п╨п╬п╣ п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╦п╣ http://andrsn.stanford.edu/FreeBSD/[п■п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘, п╨я┌п╬ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╪ п╨п╟п╨ п╡п╬ FreeBSD, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╡ Unix], п©п╬п©я┐п╩я▐я─п╫п╬ я│я─п╣п╢п╦ п╟п╠я│п╬п╩я▌я┌п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╡. п▓п╟п╪ я│п╬п╡я│п╣п╪ п╫п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ я┐п╢п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄я│я┌п╡п╦п╣ п╬я┌ п╣пЁп╬ я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦я▐. п∙пЁп╬ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌я▄ п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╟я┘ ftp://andrsn.stanford.edu/pub/[postscript п╦п╩п╦ RTF] п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п╡п╬п╢п╟ п╫п╟ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌я▄.
+* п÷п╣я─п╡п╬п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄, я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩ ppp, п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌я▄, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, я│ я┌п╣я┘ я┤п╟я│я┌п╣п╧ link:{handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟], п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡п╟п╪ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌, п╟ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴я▒п╫п╫п╬п╧ http://www.awfulhak.org/ppp.html[ppp], я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╦ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦ я│п╟п╪я▀п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╣ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐.
+* п п╫п╦пЁп╟ п⌠я─п╣пЁп╟ п⌡п╦я█я▐ http://www.freebsdmall.com/cgi-bin/fm/bsdcomp4[The Complete FreeBSD], п╦п╥п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪п╟я▐ O'Reilly. п■п╩я▐ я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦я▐ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╩п╦я┬я▄ п╪п╦п╫п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╬п©я▀я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ UNIX п╦ п╡ п╫п╣п╧ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ п©я─п╬я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╡я│п╣ я┬п╟пЁп╦ п╬я┌ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╢п╬ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╩я▐ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟ п╦ я█п╨я│п©п╩я┐п╟я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD. п▓п╟п╪ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╬п╠я┼я▐я│п╫я▐я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌п╣ п╦ п©п╬я┤п╣п╪я┐.
+* link:{handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD] п╦ link:{faq}[п╖п╟я│я┌п╬ п≈п╟п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п▓п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ (FAQ)] я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п©п╬ FreeBSD. п≤я┘ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п©я─п╬я┤п╣я│я┌я▄, п╬п╫п╦ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦п╫я┐я┌я▀п╧ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩. п²п╣ п╡п╬п╩п╫я┐п╧я┌п╣я│я▄, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╫п╣ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я│я─п╟п╥я┐ п©п╬п╫я▐я┌я▄ я│п╩п╬п╤п╫я▀п╣ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я▀. п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╨п╫п╦пЁ п╦ п╬п╫п╩п╟п╧п╫ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╬п╡, п╟ п╡ FAQ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ п©п╬ я┐я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╫п╣п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧.
+* п÷п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│п©п╦я│п╨я┐ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ FreeBSD-Questions, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я┐п╡п╦п╢п╣я┌я▄ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡я▀ я│я┌п╣я│п╫я▐п╩п╦я│я▄ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╦ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я▀ п╫п╟ п╫п╦я┘. п÷п╬п╢п©п╦я┬п╦я┌п╣я│я▄, п╥п╟п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╡ я└п╬я─п╪я┐ http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions. п▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╟я┌я─п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│я┌п╟я─я▀п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ п╦ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я▀ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ link:../../search/#mailinglists[я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╟].
+* п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ я┌п╣п╩п╣п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╣п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc[comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc]. п≈п╟пЁп╩я▐п╢я▀п╡п╟п╧я┌п╣ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡ п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦я▌ news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce[comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce].
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi[п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟] я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦, п╫п╬ п╫п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌ п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╟ п╡ п╨я┐я─я│ п╢п╣п╩п╟. п╖п╣п╪ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╡я▀ я│ п╫п╦п╪п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌п╣, я┌п╣п╪ п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╣п╣ п╬п╫п╦ я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡я▐я┌я│я▐ я┐п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╪ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╪. п²п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╡, я┌п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ п╥п╟пЁп╩я▐п╢я▀п╡п╟п╧я┌п╣ я┌я┐п╢п╟. п²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ п╬ ppp, п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п©п╬я┘п╬п╤п╟ п╫п╟ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨.
+
+[[unix]]
+== п≤п╥я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ UNIX(R)
+
+п°п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ п╦п╥ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪, я│ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪п╦ я│я┌п╟п╩п╨п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╦, п©я─п╬п╦я│я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌ п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п╫п╣п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪я│я┌п╡п╟ я│ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟п╪п╦ UNIX, я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣п╪я▀п╪п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪ п╡п╬ FreeBSD. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╣я┌п╣ UNIX, п╡п╟п╪ п©я─п╦п╢п╣я┌я│я▐ п╠п╬я─п╬я┌я▄я│я▐ я│ п╢п╡я┐п╪я▐ я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬. п  я│я┤п╟я│я┌я▄я▌. я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╬п╡, п©п╬п╪п╬пЁп╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╬п╠п╩п╣пЁя┤п╦я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│.
+
+* п⌠п╩п╟п╡п╟ link:{handbook}#basics[п·я│п╫п╬п╡я▀ UNIX(R)] п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ FreeBSD Handbook п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ п╦ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ FreeBSD. п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╟я▐ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦, п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣п╪п╬п╧ я█я┌п╦п╪ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╪, я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌я│я▐ п╨ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╧ UNIX(R)-п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫п╬п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣.
+* п▓ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╪ п©я─п╦п╩п╦я┤п╫п╬п╪ п╨п╫п╦п╤п╫п╬п╪ п╪п╟пЁп╟п╥п╦п╫п╣ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣я┌я│я▐ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╫п╦пЁ, п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘, п╡я─п╬п╢п╣ я│п╣я─п╦п╦ п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╦п╧ "п╢п╩я▐ п╦п╢п╦п╬я┌п╬п╡". п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦я▐, п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╡п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣ п╦ п╡я▀п╠п╣я─п╦я┌п╣ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п©п╬п╨п╟п╤п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟п╦п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╫я▐я┌п╫п╬ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪. п▓п╣я│я▄п╪п╟ я│п╨п╬я─п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╥п╟я┘п╬я┤п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╧я┌п╦ п╨ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╬я│п╡п╣я┴п╟п╣я┌ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬.
+* п·п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╥ п╨п╫п╦пЁ, я┤п╟я│я┌п╬ я┐п©п╬п╪п╦п╫п╟п╣п╪п╬п╧ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╟п╪п╦, я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ [[ufti]]_UNIX for the Impatient_ (п╟п╡я┌п╬я─я▀ Paul W. Abrahams п╦ Bruce R. Larson), п╦п╥п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪п╟я▐ Addison-Wesley. п·п╫п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨п╟п╨ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╦п╥я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ UNIX, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╨п╟п╨ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨, п╦ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╡п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡я▀ UNIX п╦ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я┐я▌ пЁп╩п╟п╡я┐ п╬п╠ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ X Window System.
+* п■я─я┐пЁп╬п╧ п©п╬п©я┐п╩я▐я─п╫п╬п╧ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╬п╧ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ _UNIX Power Tools_ (п╟п╡я┌п╬я─я▀ Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly п╦ Mike Loukides), п╦п╥п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪п╟я▐ O'Reilly and Associates. п·п╫п╟ п╬я─пЁп╟п╫п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ я│п╣я─п╦п╧ п╨я─п╟я┌п╨п╦я┘ я│я┌п╟я┌п╣п╧, п╨п╟п╤п╢п╟я▐ п╦п╥ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴п╣п╫п╟ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀, п╦ я█я┌п╦ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я│п╬ я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩п╬п╪. п╔п╬я┌я▐ я█я┌п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╟ п╦п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╫п╣ п╬я─п╦п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╫п╟ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╡, п╣п╣ я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦п╢п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│я─п╬я┤п╫п╬ я─п╣я┬п╦я┌я▄ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я┐ п╦п╩п╦ я┐ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╫п╣я┌ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╟ п╡я│п╣п╧ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦. п▒п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╧ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╣ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦, я┘п╬я┌я▐ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╨я─п╟я┌п╨п╦я┘ п©я─п╬я│я┌я▀я┘ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╬п╨ я─п╟п╥п╠я─п╬я│п╟п╫п╬ п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╧ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╣.
+* http://www-wks.acs.ohio-state.edu/unix_course/unix.html[п▓п╡п╬п╢п╫я▀п╧ п╨я┐я─я│ п©п╬ UNIX] п╦п╥ Ohio State University п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╣п╫ п╡ я│п╣я┌п╦ п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╟я┘ HTML, postscript п╦ Acrobat PDF.
+* http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/unixhelp/[UNIXhelp for Users] - п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╣ п╡п╡п╬п╢п╫п╬п╣ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬ п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╣ HTML п╫п╟ п╠п╩п╦п╤п╟п╧я┬п╣п╪ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣ п╦ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╬ п╫п╟ п╡п╟я┬я┐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐.
+* п▓п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟п╪ п╬ UNIX п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴п╣п╫п╟ я┌п╣п╩п╣п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦я▐ news:comp.unix.questions[comp.unix.questions], п╟ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧ http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/unix-faq/faq/top.html[Frequently Asked Questions]. п▓я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╨п╬п©п╦я▌ ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/unix-faq/faq/[FAQ] я│ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ RMIT FTP. п■п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╬п╡ п╡ п©п╣я─п╡я┐я▌ п╬я┤п╣я─п╣п╢я▄ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я▀ 1 п╦ 2.
+* п■я─я┐пЁп╬п╧ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╫п╬п╧ я┌п╣п╩п╣п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╣п╧ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ news:comp.unix.user-friendly[comp.unix.user-friendly] п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ http://www.faqs.org/faqs/unix-faq/user-friendly/index.html[FAQ]. п╔п╬я┌я▐ я█я┌п╟ п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦я▐ п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴п╣п╫п╟ п╢я─я┐п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╪я┐ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│я┐, п╬п╫п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я┐я▌ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘. ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/unix-faq/user-friendly[FAQ] я█я┌п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╦ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╣п╫ п©п╬ FTP.
+* п≤п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╬п╡, я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┴п╦я┘ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я┐я┤п╣п╠п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╦ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡ п©п╬ UNIX. п·п╢п╫п╬ п╦п╥ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╦я┘ п╪п╣я│я┌, я│ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌я▄, я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟ UNIX п╫п╟ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╣ http://www.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/[Yahoo!].
+
+[[xwin]]
+== п≤п╥я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ X Window System
+
+X Window System п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╬ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ FreeBSD. п■п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ п©п╬ X п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣п╫п╟ п╫п╟ я│п╟п╧я┌п╟я┘ http://www.x.org/[X.Org Foundation] п╦п╩п╦ http://www.xfree86.org/[The XFree86 Project, Inc.] п╡ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╬я┌ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨я┐я▌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ п╡я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌п╣. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╬я┌п╪п╣я┌я▄я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬я┐я▌ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╟п╪п╦.
+
+* п╒я─п╦ п╦п╥ я┐п©п╬п╪я▐п╫я┐я┌я▀я┘ п╨п╫п╦пЁ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌ пЁп╩п╟п╡я▀, п╢п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╡п╡п╬п╢п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣, п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╣ п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ X Window System п╫п╟ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧: пЁп╩п╟п╡п╟ link:{handbook}#x11[X Window System] п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ FreeBSD, <<cfbsd,The Complete FreeBSD>> п╦ <<ufti,UNIX for the Impatient>>.
+* п÷п╣я─п╣п╢ я┌п╣п╪, п╨п╟п╨ п╡я▀ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ X я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╡п╦п╢п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я│я▐, п╡п╟п╪ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡я▀п╠я─п╟я┌я▄ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╢п╤п╣я─ п╬п╨п╬п╫. п÷п╬я│п╣я┌п╦я┌п╣ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╨я┐ http://xwinman.org/[Window Managers for X] п╦ п©п╬п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣я┴п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п©п╬ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╟п╪, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╢п╤п╣я─п╟я┘ п╬п╨п╬п╫, п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╡п╣я─п╫п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╦ п©я─п╬я┤я┌п╦я┌п╣ "п·я│п╫п╬п╡я▀". п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я│я─п╟п╡п╫п╦я┌п╣ п╦я┘ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╦п©я▀. (п▓ п©я─п╦п╢п╟я┤я┐ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌я│я▐ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ UNIX п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘.) п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╫п╣ п╡я│п╣, п╦п╥ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄ п╪п╣п╫п╣п╢п╤п╣я─п╬п╡ п╬п╨п╬п╫ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╦п╥ п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD.
+
+[[people]]
+== п÷п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪ п╩я▌п╢я▐п╪
+
+пё п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬пЁп╬ п╫п╟п╧п╢я▒я┌я│я▐, я┤п╣п╪ п©п╬п╢п╣п╩п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ я│ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ FreeBSD, п╢п╟п╤п╣ я┐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╟! п²п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╥п╟п╫я▐я┌я▀ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╧ п╡ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╣ п©п╬ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦я▌ FreeBSD, п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌ п╡ link:../../docproj/[п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐] п╨п╟п╨ п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╬я─я▀. п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╦ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©п╬п╢п╣п╩п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪п╦ я│п╡п╬п╦п╪п╦ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦ п╦ я┐п╪п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦, п╨п╟п╨ я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ я│ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╟п╪п╦, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╫п╣я┌, п╦п╩п╦ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╡я│я┌я─п╣я┌п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ я│ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪п╦ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╟п╪п╦ п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п╦п╪. п▓п╬п╨я─я┐пЁ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ п╫п╟п╧п╢п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣п╪п╟п╩п╬ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧, пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡я▀я┘ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╪я┐ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п©п╬я┌п╬п╪я┐, я┤я┌п╬ п╦п╪ п╫я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я│я▐ я█я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄.
+
+п■я─я┐п╥я▄я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ FreeBSD, я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╣п╨я─п╟я│п╫я▀п╪ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦. п²п╦п╨п╟п╨п╟я▐ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╟ п╫п╣ п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌ п╠п╣я│п╣п╢я┐ п©п╬ я┌п╣п╩п╣я└п╬п╫я┐ п╦п╩п╦ п╥п╟ п©п╦я├я├п╣п╧ я│ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨п╬п╪, я┐ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌я│я▐ п©п╬я┘п╬п╤п╦п╣ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣я┌ я┐п╢п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄я│я┌п╡п╦п╣ п╬я┌ п╢п╬я│я┌п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╣я┘ п╤п╣ я│п╟п╪я▀я┘ я┐я│п©п╣я┘п╬п╡ п╦ п╡я│я┌я─п╣я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я│ я┌п╣п╪п╦ п╤п╣ я│п╟п╪я▀п╪п╦ я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╫п╣ я┌п╟п╨ я┐п╤ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╢я─я┐п╥п╣п╧, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ FreeBSD, п╡я▀ п╦я┘ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╥п╟п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ я│ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄я▌ я│я┌п╟я─я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ я│ FreeBSD.
+
+п║п╬п╠я─п╟п╫п╦я▐ link:../../usergroups#user[пЁя─я┐п©п© п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧] я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ я┌п╣п╪ п╪п╣я│я┌п╬п╪, пЁп╢п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╡я│я┌я─п╣я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ FreeBSD. п∙я│п╩п╦ я─я▐п╢п╬п╪ п╫п╣я┌ п╫п╦ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╧ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀, п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌, п╡я▀ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╣п╣ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄!
+
+п÷п╣я─п╣п╢ я┌п╣п╪, п╨п╟п╨ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╟я┌я▄ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ я│ я─п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╩я▌п╢я▄п╪п╦, п╫п╣ п╪п╣я┬п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣я┌я▄ http://catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/index.html[п║п╩п╬п╡п╟я─я▄ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ п╤п╟я─пЁп╬п╫п╟].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/projects/summerofcode.adoc b/website/content/ru/projects/summerofcode.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d834f41eff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/projects/summerofcode.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+---
+title: "п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╩п╣я┌п╬"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+
+= п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╩п╣я┌п╬
+
+п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD я│ я┐п╢п╬п╡п╬п╩я▄я│я┌п╡п╦п╣п╪ п©я─п╦п╫я▐п╩ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╣ http://code.google.com/summerofcode.html[Summer of Code 2005] п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Google. п▓ п╣я▒ я─п╟п╪п╨п╟я┘ п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄ я└п╦п╫п╟п╫я│п╬п╡я┐я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ я│я┌я┐п╢п╣п╫я┌п╟п╪, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟я┘ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪ п╡ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╩п╣я┌п╫п╦я┘ п╨п╟п╫п╦п╨я┐п╩.
+
+* <<ideas,п÷я─п╦п╪п╣я─я▀ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╦п╢п╣п╧>>
+** <<p-userland,п÷п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ / п≤п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦>>
+** <<p-filesystem,п╓п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟>>
+** <<p-networking,п║п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦>>
+** <<p-security,п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌я▄>>
+** <<p-kernel,п╞п╢я─п╬>>
+* <<mentors,п▓п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫я▀п╣ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩п╦>>
+* <<faq,п╖п╟я│я┌п╬ п╥п╟п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀>>
+
+[[ideas]]
+== п÷я─п╦п╪п╣я─я▀ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╦п╢п╣п╧
+
+[[p-userland]]
+=== п÷п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╣ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀ / п≤п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌я▀ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦
+
+* *п≤п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╟я├п╦я▐ я│ BSD Installer*: п÷п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╟ п©я─п╬я┌п╬я┌п╦п©п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╟я├п╦п╦ я│ http://www.bsdinstaller.org/[п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╬п╧ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ BSD], я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌я▄ я┐я│я┌п╟я─п╣п╡я┬я┐я▌ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я┐ sysinstall, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я┐я▌ п╡п╬ FreeBSD. пёп╤п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╬ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┤п╣я─п╫п╬п╡п╬п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀, я┌п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ я┤п╣п╩п╬п╡п╣п╨ я│ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╥п╟ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╪п╣я│я▐я├п╣п╡ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╡ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╣пЁп╬, п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬ п©я─п╦ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╣п╪ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╣ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╬п©я▀я┌п╫я▀я┘ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ FreeBSD.
+* *п▓я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╟ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ PXE*: п▒я▀п╩п╬ п╠я▀ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п╡я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я┌я▄ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨я┐ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ PXE. п╜я┌п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩п╦п╩п╬ п╠я▀ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╬я┤п╫я▀п╧ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─ п╫п╟ п╠п╟п╥п╣ CDROM я│ FreeSBIE п╫п╟ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╣, я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄ п╡ BIOS п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п╫п╟ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨я┐ я│ PXE, п╦ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╬я│я┌п╟п╡я┬п╦п╣я│я▐ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я▐ п╨п╟п╨ п©п╬ п╪п╟п╫п╬п╡п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╡п╬п╩я┬п╣п╠п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╩п╬я┤п╨п╦. п╜я┌п╬ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п©п╬п╪п╬пЁп╩п╬ п╠я▀ п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╥п╡п╬я─п╟я┤п╦п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╨п╩п╟я│я┌п╣я─п╫я▀я┘ я┐п╥п╩п╬п╡ п╦ я┌п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀я┘ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╟я┘.
+* *п÷п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╫пЁ SNMP*: п÷п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ BSNMP п╢п╩я▐ п╪п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╫пЁп╟ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀, п╡ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦, п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я│я┌п╡п╟, я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╦ п©п╬ п╡п╦я─я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦, я█п╫я┌я─п╬п©п╦п╦, п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩п╟п╪ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬пЁп╬ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╟ п╦ п╣пЁп╬ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦, п╬я┤п╣я─п╣п╢я▐п╪ п╦ п╬я┌п╨п╟п╥п╟п╪/п©п╬п╢я┌п╡п╣я─п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪ sendmail п╦ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╪ п╡п╣я┴п╟п╪. п п╩п╦п╣п╫я┌ SNMP, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╪п╬пЁ п╠я▀ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟я┌я▄ п╦ я├п╣п╫я┌я─п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣, п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦я┘ п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╦я─я┐я▌я┌ {philip}, {glebius}, {harti} п╦ {rwatson}.
+* *п≤п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╟я├п╦я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ Xen*: п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/xen/[п╪п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─п╟ п╡п╦я─я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ Xen] п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╬ FreeBSD -CURRENT, п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╬я┤п╫п╟я▐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╪п╬пЁп╩п╟ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╟ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ Xen я│ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╦п╪п╦ я┐п╥п╩п╟п╪п╦ FreeBSD п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣.
+* *п÷п╣я─п╣п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ CVSup п╫п╟ C*: http://www.cvsup.org[CVSup] п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п╬я─п╦п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╫п╟ CVS я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я┐я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п╬п╠я┴п╣пЁп╬ п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡. п·п╫п╟ п╪п╟я│я│п╬п╡п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟я│я▄ п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬ 10 п╩п╣я┌ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ CVS-п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟ FreeBSD п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩п╟п╪п╦ п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪я┐ п╪п╦я─я┐. CVSup п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╟ п╫п╟ Modula-3 п╦ п╣я▒ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╣ C п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩п╦я┌ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌я┐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣п╪я┐ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡я┐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧. п░я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟ CVSup я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©п╬я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬п╧, я┌п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ п©я─п╣я┌п╣п╫п╢п╣п╫я┌ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╬п©я▀я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ pthreads. п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪п╦ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╣ я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦я┴ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ Subversion п╦ Perforce. п²п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌ п©п╬ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╦ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ я┐п╤п╣ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╟. п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬п╠ я█я┌п╬п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ http://mu.org/~mux/csup.html[п╥п╢п╣я│я▄]. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ {mux}.
+* *пёп╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ я─п╣пЁя─п╣я│я│п╦п╡п╫п╬пЁп╬ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐*: п²п╦п╨ п п╩я█п╧я┌п╬п╫ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╩ п╦п╫я└я─п╟я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─я┐ п©я─п╬п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╣пЁя─п╣я│я│п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣я│я┌п╬п╡ п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╟ Perl. п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ я┌п╣я│я┌п╬п╡ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ я│ libtap. п▓ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄ п╢п╡п╣ я┤п╟я│я┌п╦. п▓п╬-п©п╣я─п╡я▀я┘, п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ п╦п╥ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я┌п╣я│я┌п╬п╡ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╬ assert() п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ ok() п╦ п╠п╩п╦п╥п╨п╦п╣ п╡я▀п╥п╬п╡я▀ п╦п╥ libtap. п▓п╬-п╡я┌п╬я─я▀я┘, п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ я─п╣пЁя─п╣я│я│п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣я│я┌п╬п╡. п  я█я┌п╬п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п©я─п╦пЁп╩п╟я┬п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я│я┌я┐п╢п╣п╫я┌я▀, п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪я▀п╣ я│ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╟п╪п╦ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▐ я│п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬п╡ п╦ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ {nik}.
+* *п·я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╡п╬ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦*: п·п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╥ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╪п╟я│я┬я┌п╟п╠п╟ FreeBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╪п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╫пЁ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ я┘п╟я─п╟п╨я┌п╣я─п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╟я┘ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я│ я┌п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦. п■п╩я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡п╣я┴п╣п╧. п║я─п╣п╢п╦ п╫п╦я┘ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я┌п╣я│я┌п╬п╡, п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╩я▐ п╦я┘ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟, п╠п╟п╥п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╢п╩я▐ я┘я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬п╣ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╦п╥п╡п╩п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╫п╟я│ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╬п╡ п╦ п╦я┘ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤п╦. п═п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ я█я┌п╦я┘ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪ п╡ я├п╣п╩п╬п╪, п╡п╦п╢п╦п╪п╬, п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╥п╟ я─п╟п╪п╨п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╫п╟ п╩п╣я┌п╬, п╬п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│я┐я▌я┴п╟я▐ п╫п╟я│ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╟. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ {brooks}.
+
+[[p-filesystem]]
+=== п╓п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟
+
+* *п√я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ UFS*: п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╧ п╡п╬я│п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ UFS. п╕п╣п╩я▄я▌ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╡я▀я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟п╢я▒п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╦ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ я│п╫п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п©я─п╬п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╨п╦ 'fsck' п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я│п╠п╬я▐ п╦п╩п╦ п╬я┌п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬я█п╫п╣я─пЁп╦п╦. п╜я┌п╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п╢п╣п╩п╬ п╫п╣ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫п╦п╪ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀, п╫п╬ п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ п╡п╦я─я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п╦ п╠я┐я└п╣я─п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦/п╨я█я┬п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, я┌п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬ п©я─п╣п╨я─п╟я│п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╦п╥я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ я└я┐п╫п╢п╟п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╟я│п©п╣п╨я┌я▀ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. +
+п═п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╫п╟п╢ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╥п╟п╢п╟я┤п╣п╧ я┐п╤п╣ п╡п╣п╢я▒я┌я│я▐, п╫п╬ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴я▄ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╟ п╦ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©я─п╦п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐. п п╟п╫п╢п╦п╢п╟я┌я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ я┘п╬я┌я▐ п╠я▀ п©п╬п╡п╣я─я┘п╫п╬я│я┌п╫п╬п╣ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬ я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─п╟я┘ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ (i-я┐п╥п╩я▀, я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╢п╫я▀п╣ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦, п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╦) п╦ я│п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п╤п╣п╩п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ я┐п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я│я┌п╟п╫п╣я┌ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ п©я┐п╫п╨я┌п╬п╪ п╩я▌п╠п╬пЁп╬ я─п╣п╥я▌п╪п╣, п╫п╬ п╬п╫ п╫п╣ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╩п╟п╠я▀я┘ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ {scottl}.
+* *Autofs*: п║п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ autofs п©п╬ п╣я▒ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▌. п п╟п╫п╢п╦п╢п╟я┌я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╬п╠п╩п╟п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪п╦ п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╡ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪, п╡ я┌п╬п╪ я┤п╦я│п╩п╣ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘. п·я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╟я▐ п╪п╟я│я│п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╟, п╬п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ я┌я─п╟п╫я│п©п╬я─я┌ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫я▐ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╦ п╡п╥п╟п╦п╪п╬п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦п╣ я│ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡я┴п╦п╨п╬п╪ "amd" п╣я┴я▒ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐я▌я┌ п╥п╟п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╦я─я┐п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ {alfred}.
+* *п°п╣п╫п╣п╢п╤п╣я─ п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦я┘ я┌п╬п╪п╬п╡*
+* *п▓п╬п╩я┬п╣п╠п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦п╪п╡п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦*: п═п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╬п╩я┬п╣п╠п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦п╪п╡п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╣ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦. п п╟п╫п╢п╦п╢п╟я┌я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╬п╠п╩п╟п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪п╦ п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╬ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘. п≤п╪п╣я▌я┌я│я▐ я█п╨я│п©п╣я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ http://www.freebsd.org/~jwd/magiclinks.tgz[п©п╟я┌я┤п╦] п╢п╩я▐ 4-STABLE, я┘п╬я┌я▐ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╦п╥я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▌ DragonFly п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀ setvar. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ {jwd}.
+
+[[p-networking]]
+=== п║п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦
+
+* *пёя│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬, я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ п╢п╦я│п╨*: п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я┐п╢п╟п╩я▒п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╨ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟п╪ п╦п╥ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ п╨ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╧. п╕п╣п╩я▄я▌ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┐п╢п╟п╩я▒п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╨ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╟п╪, п╨п╟п╨ п╢п╦я│п╨п╦, п╥п╡я┐п╨п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╣я─я▀ п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╣ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣, п©п╬ я│п╣я┌п╦. п÷п╣я─я│п©п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╟п╫п╢п╦п╢п╟я┌я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟я┌я▄ п╦п╩п╦ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│ п╨ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟п╪ я┐п╢п╟п╩я▒п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╡я▀п╥п╬п╡п╟ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╧, я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╪ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪ (TCP/IP), п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╥п╟п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╡ п╦п╥я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦п╦ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─я▀ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ Unix, п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦п╣ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╟п╪п╦. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я│я┌п╟п╫п╣я┌ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╦п╪ п╡п╨п╩п╟п╢п╬п╪ п╡ я─п╣п╥я▌п╪п╣, п╫п╬ п╫п╬ п╫п╣ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╩п╟п╠я▀я┘ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ {alfred}.
+* *NFS Lockd (я┐я│п╦п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╣п╪п╟п╫я┌п╦п╨п╦)*: пёп╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ NFS lockd п╡п╬ FreeBSD. Apple п╡п╫п╣я│п╩п╟ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦ п╡ п╫п╟я┬п╣п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╣. п═п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╬я│я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦я▐ п╡ lockd. п п╟п╫п╢п╦п╢п╟я┌я┐ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╬п╦я┌ п╦п╥я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄, п╨п╟п╨ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╦я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╢ п╦п╥ п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╡ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╣, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫п╣ п╨п╩п╦п╣п╫я┌п╟. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╦п╪ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╨ я─п╣п╥я▌п╪п╣. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╦я─я┐п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ {alfred}.
+* *NFS Lockd (я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╫п╟ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣ я▐п╢я─п╟)*: пёп╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╣п╪п╟п╫я┌п╦п╨п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ NFS lockd п╡п╬ FreeBSD. п÷п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ lockd п╡ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╬п╠п╣я┴п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╨п╟п╨ п╡ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ я│п╣п╪п╟п╫я┌п╦п╨п╣. п п╟п╫п╢п╦п╢п╟я┌я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╣п╣ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬п╠ NFS, п╠п╩п╬п╨п╦я─п╬п╡п╨п╣, RPC п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я│ я│п╣я┌я▄я▌ п╫п╟ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣ я▐п╢я─п╟. п╜я┌п╬ п©я─п╣п╨я─п╟я│п╫п╬п╣ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨ я─п╣п╥я▌п╪п╣, п╡п╥п╡п╟п╩п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╣п╣ п╫п╟ п╡п╟я│ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ "п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦я▐ NFS" п╫п╟ п╡я│я▌ п╬я│я┌п╟п╡я┬я┐я▌я│я▐ п╨п╟я─я▄п╣я─я┐, п╦ я█я┌п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╫п╣ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╩п╟п╠я▀я┘ п╩я▌п╢п╣п╧. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я├п╦я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌ {alfred}.
+* *пёп©п╬я─я▐п╢п╬я┤п╦п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╬пЁп╬/я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╟ (net/if_var.h)*: п▒п╬п╩п╣п╣ _п╡п╬я│я▄п╪п╦_ п╩п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╥п╟п╢ п╬п╠я┼я▐п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╧ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╟ п╠я▀п╩п╦ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╫п╟ net/if.h п╦ net/if_var.h. п╜я┌п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ net/if_var.h п©я─п╦я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╩ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╣, п╟ net/if.h я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟п╩ п╬п╠я┴п╣п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀п╣ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│я▀. п²п╟ я│п╣пЁп╬п╢п╫я▐я┬п╫п╦п╧ п╢п╣п╫я▄ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫п╦п╧ п╥п╟пЁп╬п╩п╬п╡п╬п╨, net/if_var.h, п╡я│я▒ п╣я┴я▒ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╬ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐. п▓ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟я▐я┘ я█я┌п╬ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╬п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╟ я│п╟п╪п╬п╪ п╢п╣п╩п╣ п╫п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫п╦п╪п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я▐п╢я─п╟. п▓ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟я▐я┘ я█я┌п╦ я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩п╦я│я▄ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ libkvm п╢п╩я▐ п©я─я▐п╪п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ я─п╣я┬п╦я┌я▄ п╬п╠п╟ я┌п╦п©п╟ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪, п╡ п©п╣я─п╡я┐я▌ п╬я┤п╣я─п╣п╢я▄ п╥п╟ я│я┤я▒я┌ п©п╣я─п╣п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ netstat(1) п╦ п╩я▌п╠я▀я┘ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ я│ я│п╣я┌я▄я▌ п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ libkvm, я┌п╟п╨, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п╫п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩п╦ п╟п╩я▄я┌п╣я─п╫п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╣ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│я▀, п©я─п╦ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦я┘ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄. п╓я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╦ netstat п©п╬ п╟п╫п╟п╩п╦п╥я┐ п╟п╡п╟я─п╦п╧п╫я▀я┘ п╢п╟п╪п©п╬п╡, п╡п╣я─п╬я▐я┌п╫п╬, п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡я▀п╢п╣п╩п╦я┌я▄ п╡ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я┐. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ {brooks}.
+* *п÷п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│ Web100 п╫п╟ FreeBSD*: п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ http://www.web100.org/[Web100] п╠я▀п╩ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪ я│ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ TCP п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п©п╬п╡п╣я─я┘ п╢п╩п╦п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╦ я┌п╬п╩я│я┌я▀я┘ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩п╬п╡. п▓ я─п╟п╪п╨п╟я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟я┘ п╠я▀п╩ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©п╟я┌я┤п╣п╧ п╢п╩я▐ Linux п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬п╫п╨п╬п╧ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ п╦ п╪п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╫пЁп╟, п╦ п╬п╫п╦ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╩я┐я┤я┬я┐я▌ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╡ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦. п≤п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╟я├п╦я▐ я█я┌п╬п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╣п╦п╪я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п╡ п©п╩п╟п╫п╣ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ TCP п©я─п╦ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│я─п╣п╢п╟я┘ я█п╨я│п©п╩я┐п╟я┌п╟я├п╦п╦. п■п╩я▐ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ Web100 п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫я▀ п╦ п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╟п╠я│я┌я─п╟п╨я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD. п▓п╩п╦я▐п╫п╦п╣ я█я┌п╦я┘ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╫п╟ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╣п╫п╬ п╢п╬ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨ п╬п╫п╦ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╡п╫п╣я│п╣п╫я▀ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐. п≤п╢п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╟п╫п╢п╦п╢п╟я┌ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я█я┌п╬п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦я▐я┘ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╟ TCP п╦ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪ я│ я│ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╟п╪п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ {brooks}.
+* *п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ NAT п╡ ipfw2 п╦ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ libalias*: п▓п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╪п╣п╤я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╬п╧ я█п╨я─п╟п╫ ipfw2 п╫п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ NAT п╫п╟ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣ я▐п╢я─п╟, я┘п╬я┌я▐ п╣пЁп╬ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟ п©я─п╣п╢я┐я│п╪п╟я┌я─п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╠п╟п╥п╬п╡я▀п╧ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪ п╢п╦п╫п╟п╪п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩ п╦ п╦я┘ п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╟ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╣ я┐п╤п╣ п©я─п╦я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌. п·п╢п╫п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ я│ я█я┌п╦п╪ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╧ NAT п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╣ libalias, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╫п╣п╢п╟п╡п╫п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╟ п©я─п╣п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ п╡ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▄ я▐п╢я─п╟. пё п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╢п╡п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я├п╣п╩п╦:
+** я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я▀п╥п╬п╡п╟ LibAlias п╦п╥ ipfw2
+** п©п╣я─п╣я│п╪п╬я┌я─ LibAlias п╢п╩я▐ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╣я▒ я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─, п╡ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦:
+*** п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я▐я┌я▄, п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦, п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬, п╬п©я┌п╦п╪п╦п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╟п╥п╬п╡я▀п╣ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╦ (я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│п╣п╟п╫я│п╟, п©п╬п╦я│п╨ п╦ я┐п╫п╦я┤я┌п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣; п╡п╬я│я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ tcp-п©п╬я┌п╬п╨п╟);
+*** п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪ я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╦/п╬я┌п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╡ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬п╡ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╬ п╪п╟п╫п╦п©я┐п╩я▐я├п╦п╦ я│ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪;
+*** я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╦я┌я▄ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╣ я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╦ libalias п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│п╫п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п╨п╬п©п╦п╧.
++
+пёп╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╫п╬п╣ п╡я▀я┬п╣ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌я│я▐ п╨ 5.x п╦ -current, п╟ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╦ п╨ 4.x. п÷я─п╣я┌п╣п╫п╢п╣п╫я┌я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪я▀ я│ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟п╪п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│п╣я┌п╦, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦ я│ NAT, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я│я┌п╣п╨п╬п╪ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬п╡ я▐п╢я─п╟. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╦я─я┐п╣я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ mailto:rizzo@icir.org[Luigi Rizzo].
+
+[[p-security]]
+=== п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌я▄
+
+* *SecureMines*: п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п╪п╣я┌п╟-п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣, п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╬я┌п╩п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╟я─я┐я┬п╦я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╦ п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩ п╟я┐п╢п╦я┌п╟ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. п╕п╣п╩я▄я▌ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╦я┘ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╬п╡ п╬п╠п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬пЁп╬ я│п╬п╠я▀я┌п╦я▐ п╨п╟п╨ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫п╫п╣пЁп╬ п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я▐ (п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌п╦п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟-п╩п╬п╡я┐я┬п╨п╦), п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╨ п╬я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╦ п╡я▀п╢п╟я┤п╣ п╪п╟п╨я│п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦. п║я─п╣п╢п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ я─п╟я│я│п╪п╟я┌я─п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╟я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╪п╣я┌п╨п╦ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ "п╪п╦п╫". п п╟п╫п╢п╦п╢п╟я┌я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩п╦ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬п╡ п╡ Unix. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ {alfred}.
+* *SEBSD*: SEBSD я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╬я│п╬п╪ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩п╦ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ NSA п╦п╥ SELinux FLASK/TE п╡ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я┐я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ FreeBSD п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╦ MAC п╦п╥ TrustedBSD. п²п╟ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ я█п╨я│п©п╣я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦, п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╦я┘ я│я┌я┐п╢п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ я│я┌п╟п╩п╬ п╠я▀ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╦п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╪ п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┌п╦я┌я▄ п╩п╣я┌п╬ п╣я▒ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢я┐ п╦п╥ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦я▐ я█п╨я│п©п╣я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я┌п╬я┌п╦п©п╟ п╨ я┤п╣п╪я┐-я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я─п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄. п║я▌п╢п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п©п╬ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╣ п©п╬п╩п╦я┌п╦п╨п╦, п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╟я├п╦п╦ SEBSD п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌я▀ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╬я┤п╫п╬п╧ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪я▀, п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╟я├п╦я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╦я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╬п╫п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡, п©п╦п╩п╬я┌п╫п╬п╣ п╡п╫п╣п╢я─п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦ я┌п╟п╨ п╢п╟п╩п╣п╣. п п╟п╫п╢п╦п╢п╟я┌я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╬п©я▀я┌ п╡ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╧ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟, п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╟ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐; п╬п©я▀я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ п╟п╩я▄я┌п╣я─п╫п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩я▐п╪п╦ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©п╩я▌я│п╬п╪, п╨п╟п╨ п╦ п╬п©я▀я┌ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦я▐ п╡ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╣ п·п║. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ я─п╟п╥п╫я▀п╧ я┐я─п╬п╡п╣п╫я▄, п╡я│п╣ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ я─п╟я│я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣п╫я▀! п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ {rwatson}.
+
+[[p-kernel]]
+=== п╞п╢я─п╬
+
+* *п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ Linuxulator*: FreeBSD п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╢п╡п╬п╦я┤п╫я┐я▌ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ я│ Linux п╥п╟ я│я┤я▒я┌ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╟п╠п╩п╦я├я▀ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫я▀я┘ п╡я▀п╥п╬п╡п╬п╡ Linux, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╠п╦п╫п╟я─п╫я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ Linux п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╣ ELF. п╜я┌п╟ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╣п╫п╟ п╫п╟ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╣ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ я▐п╢я─п╟п╪ Linux, п╫п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╡п╟п╤п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫я▀п╣ п╡я▀п╥п╬п╡я▀ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡п╬ FreeBSD. п║я┌я┐п╢п╣п╫я┌ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ я┐п╪п╣я┌я▄ я┤п╦я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╦ п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟я┌я▄ я┤я┐п╤п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╢ п╫п╟ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╣ C, п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╢ п╫п╟ C п╦ п╦п╪п╣я┌я▄ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╣п╣ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, п╨п╟п╨ п©п╬п╡я┌п╬я─п╫п╬ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╢ GPL п╡ я┤п╦я│я┌я▀я┘ я┐я│п╩п╬п╡п╦я▐я┘ (п╠п╣п╥ п╨п╬п©п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п╡я│я┌п╟п╡п╨п╦ п╨п╬п╢п╟!).
+* *п═п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦я▐ п©п╟я│я│п╦п╡п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬я┘п╩п╟п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ ACPI*: п■п╩я▐ п╬я┘п╩п╟п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ cpufreq, п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╟я┘ _PSV. п я─п╬п╪п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╫п╟п╪ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╡п╟п╩я▀ п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣п╪п©п╣я─п╟я┌я┐я─п╫я▀я┘ п╥п╬п╫, я┤я┌п╬ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╟п╫п╬ п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╟ п©п╟я│я│п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╟я┘, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ п╫п╟ п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟я┘, я▐п╡п╫п╬ п╥п╟п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╡ ASL. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╣пЁп╬ п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦я▐ C, п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬/п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╟, п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦я▐ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©п╟, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╣пЁп╬ я│ ACPI, п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ я▐п╢я─п╬п╪. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╥п╟п╫п╦п╪п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ {njl} п╦ {bruno}.
+* *п·я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ я│п╬ я│п╠я─п╬я│п╬п╪ п╫п╟ п╢п╦я│п╨*: п═п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪ п╬я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦/п╡п╬я│я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟. п▓п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╧ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╟п╪п©п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╠я─п╬я│п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п╫п╟ п╢п╦я│п╨, п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨ ACPI п╢п╩я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢п╟ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╡ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╣ S4 п╦п╩п╦ п╡я▀п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╦я┌п╟п╫п╦я▐. п▓п╬я│я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я┤п╦п╨п╣, п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘ п©я─я▐п╪я┐я▌ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨я┐ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╟ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п╦ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╣пЁп╬ п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦я▐ C, п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬-п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╟, п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦я▐ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©п╟, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╣пЁп╬ я│ ACPI, п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ я▐п╢я─п╬п╪. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я├п╦я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я▌я┌ {njl} п╦ {bruno}.
+* *п═п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦ п╥п╟п╪п╣я─п╦я┌я▄ я┘п╟я─п╟п╨я┌п╣я─п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╦ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╟п╩пЁп╬я─п╦я┌п╪п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ powerd(8)*: п═п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я─я▐п╢ п╟п╩пЁп╬я─п╦я┌п╪п╬п╡ п©я─п╣п╢я│п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╦я▐ (п╟ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬, я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣) п╦ п╥п╟п╪п╣я─п╦я┌я▄ п╦я┘ я┘п╟я─п╟п╨я┌п╣я─п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п©я─п╣п╢п╪п╣я┌ я█п╫п╣я─пЁп╬п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦ п©п╬я┌п╣я─п╦ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦. п⌡я┐я┤я┬п╦п╪ п╟п╩пЁп╬я─п╦я┌п╪п╬п╪ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я┌п╬я┌, я┤я┌п╬ я█п╨п╬п╫п╬п╪п╦я┌ п╪п╟п╨я│п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ я█п╫п╣я─пЁп╦п╦ я│ п╫п╟п╦п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╦п╪п╦ п©п╬я┌п╣я─я▐п╪п╦ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦. п╒я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ п╠п╟п╥п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦п╧ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╟ C, п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦я▐ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©п╟, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ cpufreq(4) (п©я─п╣п╢п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─ Pentium-M) п╦ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦п╧ я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╦. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌ {njl} п╦ {bruno}.
+* *п°п╣я┌п╟-я▐п╥я▀п╨ я▐п╢я─п╟*: п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨п╟ п╢п╦п╟п╩п╣п╨я┌п╟ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╟ C, я┐п©я─п╬я┴п╟я▌я┴п╣пЁп╬ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╬п╢п╟ я▐п╢я─п╟. п▓ п╫я▒п╪ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п©я─п╦я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╟, п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я▐я│п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╢ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╦ я│ п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╦п╪ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╬п╨. п÷я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╬п╪ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ я│п╩я┐п╤п╦я┌я▄ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╬п╡п╟я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я│п╡я▐п╥п╫я▀я┘ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡, я┐я│я┌я─п╟п╫я▐я▌я┴п╟я▐ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ п╡ п╥п╟п©я┐я┌п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ MACRO. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╦я─я┐я▌я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ {gnn}п╦ {phk}. п║я┌п╟я┌я▄я▐ Wiki я│ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╟ http://wikitest.freebsd.org/moin.cgi/K[п╥п╢п╣я│я▄].
+* *п÷п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀п╣ п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡я┴п╦п╨п╦*: п▓ я─п╟п╪п╨п╟я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪я▀ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡я┴п╦п╨п╬п╡ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡, п╡п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫п╬п╧ я█п╩п╣п╡п╟я┌п╬я─п╫п╬п╧ я│я┘п╣п╪я▀, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪п╬п╧ п╡п╬ FreeBSD, п╟ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬ п╨я─п╟п╧п╫п╣п╧ п╪п╣я─п╣ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╟п╩я▄я┌п╣я─п╫п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪ (п╨ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я┐, п╡п╟я─п╦п╟п╫я┌я▀ я│ п©я─п╬п©п╬я─я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ я─п╟я│п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╦ я┌п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╣ я│я┘п╣п╪я▀) п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╣п╪п╬п╫я│я┌я─п╟я├п╦п╦ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│п╟. п÷я─п╣я┌п╣п╫п╢п╣п╫я┌я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪я▀ я│ я┌п╣п╬я─п╦п╣п╧ п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╪ п╦, п╡ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ я│я┌п╣п©п╣п╫п╦, я│ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ я▐п╢я─п╟. п п╬п╬я─п╢п╦п╫п╟я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╡я▀я│я┌я┐п©п╟п╣я┌ mailto:rizzo@icir.org[Luigi Rizzo].
+
+п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦, п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╣п╡ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я┐ link:../../[п═п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD] п╦п╩п╦ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦п╥ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦я┘ link:../../news/status[п·я┌я┤я▒я┌п╬п╡ п╬ я┘п╬п╢п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌].
+
+[[mentors]]
+== п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩п╦
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п©я─п╦п╫я▐я┌я▄ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╦п╣ п╡ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄ п╡ я▐п╡п╫п╬п╪ п╡п╦п╢п╣ п╫п╣ я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╪я┐ п╦п╥ п©п╬я┌п╣п╫я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧, я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╦п╤п╣, п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╥ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╧ п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦п╧.
+
+* *п║п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦*: {alfred}, {brooks} п╦ {sam}
+* *п╓п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀*: {scottl}, {alfred}
+* *GEOM*: {phk}
+* *п÷п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡ / п≤п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╟я├п╦я▐*: re@FreeBSD.org
+* *TrustedBSD / п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌я▄*: {rwatson}
+* *п÷п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀п╣ п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡я┴п╦п╨п╦*: {luigi}.
+* *ACPI*: {njl} п╦ {bruno}.
+* *п≈п╡я┐п╨*: {matk}.
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟я┬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ п╫п╣ п╠я▀п╩ п╡я▀п╠я─п╟п╫ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╣п╧ Google п╢п╩я▐ я└п╦п╫п╟п╫я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐, п╫п╬ п╡я▀ п╡я│я▒ п╤п╣ п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╟я┬ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╥п╟я│п╩я┐п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌, я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╦я┌п╣ п╬п╠ я█я┌п╬п╪ п©п╬ я█п╩п╣п╨я┌я─п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬я┤я┌п╣ п╡ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ proposals@FreeBSD.org.
+
+[[faq]]
+== п╖п╟я│я┌п╬ п╥п╟п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀
+
+* *п÷п╬п╢п╬п╧п╢я┐ п╩п╦ я▐?*
++
+п÷п╬п╤п╟п╩я┐п╧я│я┌п╟, п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ http://code.google.com/summfaq.html[FAQ п╢п╩я▐ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╬п╡] п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╦ Google п╢п╩я▐ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╬п╡, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ я┌я─п╣п╠п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧ п╨ я┐я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╦п╨п╟п╪.
+* *п п╟п╨ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п╥п╟я▐п╡п╨я┐?*
++
+п╓п╬п╫п╢ Perl п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╦п╧ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌ http://www.perlfoundation.org/gc/grants/proposals.html[HOWTO], п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ п╥п╟я▐п╡п╨я┐ п╫п╟ я─п╟п╥я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨я┐ я│ п╬я┌п╨я─я▀я┌я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╢п╬п╪.
+* *п п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╦я│я┌п╣п╨п╟п╣я┌ я│я─п╬п╨ п©п╬п╢п╟я┤п╦ п╥п╟я▐п╡п╬п╨?*
++
+п≈п╟я▐п╡п╨п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫я▀ Google п╢п╬ 14 п╦я▌п╫я▐.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/prstats/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/prstats/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ff0ea1105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/prstats/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+title: "п║я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╟ PR"
+sidenav: support
+---
+
+= п║я┌п╟я┌п╦я│я┌п╦п╨п╟ PR
+
+'''''
+
+== п▓п╬п╥я▄п╪п╦я┌п╣ п╦ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣/п╥п╟п╨я─п╬п╧я┌п╣ PR!
+
+п╜я┌п╬ п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬. п▓я│я▒, я┤я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄, - я█я┌п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╧я┌п╦ п©o http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi[п╢п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╣ п╫п╟ п╠п╟п╥я┐ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ GNATS], п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ PR, п╡я▀я▐я│п╫п╦я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄, п╦ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬.
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╣я─, я┌п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╧я┌п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я┐ `edit-pr` п╢п╩я▐ п╥п╟п╨я─я▀я┌п╦я▐ PRп╬п╡.
+
+п∙я│п╩п╦ п╫п╣я┌, я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╪ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐п╣я┌ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣, я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┴п╣п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌:
+
+....
+This PR can be closed
+....
+
+я─п╟я│п©п╬п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╣, я┤я┌п╬ я┐п©я─п╬я│я┌п╦я┌ п╣пЁп╬ п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╨я┐ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╦я┌п╣я─п╬п╪ п©п╬п╥п╤п╣.
+
+п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ я│п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╧ п©п╬ п╠п╟п╥п╣ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ PR, я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ http://people.freebsd.org/~edwin/gnats/[пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╨п╦ п╦ п╬я┌я┤я▒я┌я▀].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/publish.adoc b/website/content/ru/publish.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0b1810a63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/publish.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+---
+title: "п÷п╣я┤п╟я┌п╫я▀п╣ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= п÷п╣я┤п╟я┌п╫я▀п╣ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ FreeBSD
+
+[width="100%",cols="50%,50%",]
+|===
+|image:../../gifs/daemon.gif[FreeBSD Daemon,width=80,height=76] a|
+* <<books,п п²п≤п⌠п≤>>
+* <<cdroms,п п·п°п÷п░п п╒-п■п≤п║п п≤>>
+* <<magazines,п√пёп═п²п░п⌡п╚>>
+* link:../press/[п÷п═п∙п║п║п░]
+
+|===
+
+п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п╡я▀ п╫п╟п╧п╢я▒я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╥п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦я┘ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╧, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ FreeBSD. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ я┤я┌п╬-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫п╬ п╬ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌п╫я▀я┘ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▐я┘/п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╟я┘, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴я▒п╫п╫я▀я┘ FreeBSD, п╫п╟п©п╦я┬п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╪ п©п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│я┐ www@FreeBSD.org, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ п╫п╦я┘ п╪п╬пЁп╩п╟ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╟ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬я┌ я│п╟п╧я┌.
+
+link:{handbook}[п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ FreeBSD] я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╬п╠я┬п╦я─п╫я┐я▌ link:{handbook}#bibliography[п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦я▌].
+
+п╘я▒п╩п╨п╫п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╟ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ п╨п╟я─я┌п╦п╫п╨п╣, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я┐п╡п╦п╢п╣я┌я▄ я┐п╨я─я┐п©п╫я▒п╫п╫п╬п╣ п╦п╥п╬п╠я─п╟п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣.
+
+[[books]]
+== п п╫п╦пЁп╦
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[width="100%",cols="20%,80%",]
+|===
+|link:../../gifs/jpb.jpg[image:../../gifs/jp.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=150,height=190]] |п п╫п╦пЁп╟ п╒п╟я├я┐п╪п╦ п╔п╬я│п╬п╨п╟п╡я▀ (Tatsumi Hosokawa) п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘. п▓ п╞п©п╬п╫п╦п╦ п╬п╫п╟ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╠п╣я│я┌я│п╣п╩п╩п╣я─п╬п╪ я│я─п╣п╢п╦ п╨п╫п╦пЁ п╬ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╟я┘, п╣п╣ п©я─п╬п╢п╟п╤п╦ п©я─п╣п╡я▀я┬п╟п╩п╦ п©я─п╬п╢п╟п╤п╦ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦ п▒п╦п╩п╩п╟ п⌠п╣п╧я┌я│п╟ "п■п╬я─п╬пЁп╟ п╡ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┴п╣п╣" п╡ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢п╟ п╦п╥ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌п╦ (п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫я▐я▐ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦п╩п╟я│я▄ п╫п╟ п╡я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╪п╣я│я┌п╣, п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╟ п╬ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╪).
+|link:../../gifs/205-jpb.jpg[image:../../gifs/205-jp.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=150,height=208]] |(п╞п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╟ п©п╬ FreeBSD я│ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╣п╧ 2.0.5, п╬п╥п╟пЁп╩п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ "FreeBSD: Fun and easy Installation" (пёя│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ FreeBSD: п÷я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╦ я┐п╡п╩п╣п╨п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬) )
+|link:../../gifs/pc98-jpb.jpg[image:../../gifs/pc98-jp.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=150,height=194]] |(п╞п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╟ п©п╬ FreeBSD я│ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╣п╧ 2.0.5, п╬п╥п╟пЁп╩п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ "FreeBSD Introductory Kit" (п▓п╡п╬п╢п╫я▀п╧ п╨я┐я─я│ п╡п╬ FreeBSD) )
+|link:../../gifs/comp_b.jpg[image:../../gifs/complete.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=150,height=228]] |п╜я┌п╬ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╟ "FreeBSD Complete", п╦п╥п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪п╟я▐ BSDi я│ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣, я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟п╪п╦ п║п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╬я┤п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╟п╪п╦ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╦.
+|link:../../gifs/twb.jpg[image:../../gifs/tw.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=150,height=200]] |п╜я┌п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╟ п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╫п╣п╢п╟п╡п╫п╬ (п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╬ 1997) п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╟ п╡ п╒п╟п╧п╡п╟п╫п╣. п·п╫п╟ п╬п╥п╟пЁп╩п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╟ "FreeBSD: introduction and applications" (FreeBSD: п▓п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣), п╟п╡я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ Jian-Da Li.
+|link:../../gifs/getstarb.jpg[image:../../gifs/getstart.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=150,height=188]] |п╜я┌п╬ "Getting Started with FreeBSD" (п≤п╥я┐я┤п╟п╣п╪ FreeBSD) п╬я┌ Fuki-Shuppan. п▓ п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╦п╣ п╬я┌ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╡ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟я▐я┘ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ п©п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╦ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╣ п╫п╟ я▐п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╦п╧ я▐п╥я▀п╨, п╥п╢п╣я│я▄ я┐п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╬ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╣ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╟п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╦ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╫п╟ п╫п╦п╥п╨п╬п╪ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣ (п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ п╦ я┌п╢.). п²п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╣ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ FreeBSD-2.2.2R п╦ XFree86-3.2. 264 я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├, 3,400 п╧п╣п╫.
+|link:../../gifs/starkitb.jpg[image:../../gifs/starkit.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=150,height=235]] |п п╫п╦пЁп╟ "Personal Unix Starter Kit - FreeBSD" п╬я┌ ASCII. п▓п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╦я│я┌п╬я─п╦я▌ я─п╟п╥п╡п╦я┌п╦я▐ UNIX(R), я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▌ я▐п©п╬п╫п╬я▐п╥я▀я┤п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п©п╬п╢пЁп╬я┌п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╦ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦я▌ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡. п²п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫я▀ 2.1.7.1R п╦ Free86-3.2. 384 я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├, 3,000 п╧п╣п╫.
+|link:../../gifs/bsdmb.jpg[image:../../gifs/bsdm.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=150,height=235]] |BSD mit Methode, M. Schulze, B. Roehrig, M. Hoelzer und andere, C&L Computer und Literatur Verlag, 1998, 850 я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├. 2 п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╟, FreeBSD 2.2.6, NetBSD 1.2.1 п╦ 1.3.2, OpenBSD 2.2 п╦ 2.3. DM 98,-.
+|link:../../gifs/instmanb.jpg[image:../../gifs/instman.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=150,height=200]] |п╜я┌п╬ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╟ "FreeBSD Install and utilization manual" п╬я┌ Mainichi Communications. п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╬п╠я┴п╣п╣ п╡п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╡п╬ FreeBSD п╬я┌ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╢п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╦ я┐я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╣п©п╬п╩п╟п╢п╬п╨ п©п╬п╢ п©п╟я┌я─п╬п╫п╟п╤п╣п╪ пЁя─я┐п©п©я▀ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╡ п╞п©п╬п╫п╦п╦. п²п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╣ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ 2.2.7-RELEASE FreeBSD(98)2.2.7-Rev01 PAO п╦ п╟я─я┘п╦п╡я▀ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡. 472 я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├, 3,600 п╧п╣п╫.
+|link:../../gifs/urmb.jpg[image:../../gifs/urm.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=150,height=220]] |"п║п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╬п╣ п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬ FreeBSD" п╬я┌ Mainichi Communications, п©п╬п╢ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╣п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ "jpman project" п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢п╟ п║п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╡ п╞п©п╬п╫п╦п╦. п╞п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я├п╦я▐ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╟ 1 п║п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ FreeBSD. п²п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╣ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ 2.2.7-RELEASE FreeBSD(98)2.2.7-Rev01 п╦ PAO. 1,040 я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├, 3,800 п╧п╣п╫.
+|link:../../gifs/samb.jpg[image:../../gifs/sam.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=150,height=220]] |п п╫п╦пЁп╟ "FreeBSD System Administrator's Manual" п╬я┌ Mainichi Communications, п©п╬п╢ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╣п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ "jpman project" п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢п╟ п║п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ пЁя─я┐п©п©п╬п╧ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╡ п╞п©п╬п╫п╦п╦. п╞п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я├п╦я▐ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╬п╡ 5 п╦ 8 п║п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ FreeBSD. 756 я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├, 3,300 п╧п╣п╫.
+|link:../../gifs/aboutfb.jpg[image:../../gifs/aboutf.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=150,height=184]] |п╜я┌п╬ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╟ "п· FreeBSD" п╬я┌ Youngjin.com. п╜я┌п╬ п©п╣я─п╡п╟я▐ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╟ п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ FreeBSD п╡я▀я┬п╣п╢я┬п╟я▐ п╡ п п╬я─п╣п╣. п·п╫п╟ я─п╟я│я│п╪п╟я┌я─п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ я┌п╣п╪ п╬я┌ п╦п╫я│я┌п╟п╩п╩я▐я├п╦п╦ п╢п╬ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ п п╬я─п╣п╧я│п╨п╬п╧ п╩п╬п╨п╟п╩п╦п╥п╟я├п╦п╦. 3.5.1-RELEASE/PAO п╦ 4.1-RELEASE п╫п╟ 3 CDROM-п╟я┘. 788 я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├, 26,000 п╡п╬п╫.
+|http://maxwell.itb.ac.id/bukudepan.jpg[image:../../gifs/bukudepan.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=178,height=280]] |Onno W Purbo, Dodi Maryanto, Syahrial Hubbany, Widjil Widodo: http://maxwell.itb.ac.id/[Building Internet Server with FreeBSD] (п╫п╟ п╦п╫п╢п╬п╫п╣п╥п╦п╧я│п╨п╬п╪ я▐п╥я▀п╨п╣), п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╣п╧ http://www.elexmedia.co.id/[Elex Media Komputindo], 2000.
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/cgi-bin/fm/bsdhandbk[image:../../gifs/bsdi-handbook.png[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=171,height=220]] |The FreeBSD Handbook 1st Edition п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п╦я│я┤п╣я─п©я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨ п╦ п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╦п╣ п©п╬ FreeBSD. п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╟ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟, п©п╬п╡я│п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫п╬п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ FreeBSD п╦ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╣я┴я▒. April 2000, BSDi. ISBN 1-57176-241-8
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/cgi-bin/fm/bsdcomp[image:../../gifs/bsdcomp-4.2.gif[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=200,height=220]] |The Complete FreeBSD with CDs, 3rd Ed, FreeBSD 4.2. п▓я│я▒, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п╥п╟я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ я┐п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ я┌п╬п╪, п╨п╟п╨ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ я│ FreeBSD п╫п╟ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╪ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╣. п÷я─п╦п╩п╟пЁп╟я▌я┌я│я▐ 4 п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╟ я│ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╬п╧ FreeBSD! п■п╟я┌п╟ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟: п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 2000 ISBN: 1-57176-246-9
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/cgi-bin/fm/bsdhandbk[image:../../gifs/wr-handbook-2nd.png[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=172,height=220]] |The FreeBSD Handbook 2nd Edition п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ п╦я│я┤п╣я─п©я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦п╧ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨ п╦ п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╦п╣ п©п╬ FreeBSD. п≈п╢п╣я│я▄ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╟ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟, п©п╬п╡я│п╣п╢п╫п╣п╡п╫п╬п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ FreeBSD п╦ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╣я┴я▒. November 2001, Wind River Systems. ISBN 1-57176-303-1
+|http://www.freebsd-corp-net-guide.com[image:../../gifs/fbsdcng-english.png[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=147,height=184]] |"The FreeBSD Corporate Networker's Guide" Mittelstaedt, Ted. Addison Wesley, 2000. +
+п║я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌ п╢п╡п╟ я┌п╦я─п╟п╤п╟: п╡ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ п╢п╦я│п╨ 1 п╬я┌ FreeBSD 4.2, п╡п╬ п╡я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ п╢п╦я│п╨ 1 п╬я┌ FreeBSD 4.4. 400 я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├. п÷п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢ п╫п╟ я▐п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╦п╧ п╠я▀п╩ п╬п©я┐п╠п╩п╦п╨п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╡ 2001 пЁп╬п╢я┐. +
+The Networker's Guide п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╦п╫я┌п╣пЁя─п╟я├п╦я▌ FreeBSD п╡ я┌п╦п©п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╬я─п©п╬я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀п╣ я│п╣я┌п╦ я│ п╬я│п╬п╠я▀п╪ я┐п©п╬я─п╬п╪ п╫п╟ п╡п╥п╟п╦п╪п╬п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦п╣ я│ Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2K. +
+п░п╫пЁп╩п╦п╧я│п╨п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐: 2000, Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-201-70481-1 +
+п╞п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐: 2001, Pearson Education Japan. ISBN 4-89471-464-7
+|http://www.bittreepress.com/FreeBSD/introbook/[image:../../gifs/fbsd-ososfypc.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦,width=150,height=188]] |"FreeBSD, An Open-Source Operating System for Your Personal Computer", Annelise Anderson. +
+п≈п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪я│я┌п╡п╬ я│ FreeBSD п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧, я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╨п╟п╪п╦ п╨п╟п╨ п╡ п╪п╦я─п╣ FreeBSD, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ UNIX. п  п╨п╫п╦пЁп╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╬я┤п╫я▀п╧ CD-ROM я│ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╣п╧ 4.4, п╦ п╬п╫п╟ п╡я│я▒, я┤я┌п╬ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬п╠ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п╦ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫п╫п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐; я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟ я│п╬ п╥п╡я┐п╨п╬п╪, X Window, я│п╣я┌я▄я▌ п╦ п©п╣я┤п╟я┌я▄я▌; п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╦ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. Second Edition. п■п╣п╨п╟п╠я─я▄ 2001, The Bit Tree Press. ISBN 0-9712045-1-9
+|http://www.AbsoluteBSD.com/[image:../../gifs/abs_bsd_cov.gif[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦ Absolute BSD,width=165,height=207]] |Absolute BSD. п╜я┌п╟ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╟ п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴п╣п╫п╟ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟п╪п╦ FreeBSD п╡ п╨п╬я─п©п╬я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ я│я─п╣п╢п╣. п≤я▌п╫я▄ 2002, http://www.nostarch.com/[No Starch Press.] ISBN 1-886411-74-3
+|http://elibrary.fultus.com/mergedProjects/FreeBSD%20Documentation/index.htm[image:../../gifs/fultus-cover.gif[FreeBSD Open Documentation Library,width=150,height=211]] a|
+http://www.fultus.com/[Fultus] п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ *FreeBSD Open Documentation Library*. п╜я┌п╬ *п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧* п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦п╦ FreeBSD, п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀п╧ п╡ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣ http://elibrary.fultus.com/mergedProjects/FreeBSD%20Documentation/index.htm[п╬п╫п╩п╟п╧п╫] п╡ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╣ п╒п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п⌡п╦я┌п╣я─п╟я┌я┐я─я▀ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨п╦ Fultus http://elibrary.fultus.com/[eLibrary] п╦ Fultus Online Book http://store.fultus.com/advanced_search_result.php?keywords=FreeBSD[Superstore] п╡ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╟я┘:
+
+* п·п╫п╩п╟п╧п╫п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣п╠-я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ (п©п╬п╦я│п╨ п©п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟п╪) (я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪п╟ я│ Mozilla, Netscape Navigator & IE);
+* п╓п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ Adobe PDF я│ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п©п╬п╦я│п╨п╟ я│п╬ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣п╧ я│я│я▀п╩п╬п╨ Bookmark (п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╣я│п╨я┌п╬п©п╬п╡ п╦ PDA);
+* п·я┌п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ HTML (chm) (п╢п╩я▐ Windows).
+
+п≈п╟п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╣я│п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀? +
+п÷я─п╬я┤я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╬ FreeBSD eBooks п╦ я│пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я▀ я│п╬ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├я▀ http://www.fultus.com/free/documentation.phtml[FreeBSD Documentation] п╫п╟ я│п╟п╧я┌п╣ http://www.fultus.com/[Fultus].
+
+|===
+
+[[cdroms]]
+== п п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╦
+
+п÷п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦я┘ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ link:../releases/[п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п╬ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟я┘ FreeBSD].
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[width="100%",cols="20%,80%",]
+|===
+|link:../../gifs/bsdiscb.jpg[image:../../gifs/bsdisc.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=141]] |п╜я┌п╬ BSDisc п╬я┌ я└п╦я─п╪я▀ InfoMagic, я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┴п╦п╧ FreeBSD 2.0 п╦ NetBSD 1.0 п╫п╟ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╪ CD. п╜я┌п╬ п╣п╢п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╦я│п╨, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п╬я└п╬я─п╪п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-44lite2b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-44lite2.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=142]] |п╜я┌п╬ п╬я─п╦пЁп╦п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ 4.4 BSD Lite2 п╬я┌ UC Berkeley, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ я│п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡я┐ FreeBSD.
+|link:../../gifs/las512b.jpg[image:../../gifs/las512.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=171]] |п÷п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ п╦п╥ я│п╣я─п╦п╦ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ "BSD" п╬я┌ Laser5. п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ FreeBSD-2.0.5R, NetBSD-1.0, XFree86-3.1.1 п╦ я▐п╢я─п╬ FreeBSD(98).
+|link:../../gifs/las523b.jpg[image:../../gifs/las523.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=132]] |п▓я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╦п╥ я│п╣я─п╦п╦ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ "BSD" п╬я┌ Laser5. п²п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟я▐ я│ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦, п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ п╡п╨п╩п╟п╢я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я┐я▌ п╨п╬я─п╬п╠п╬я┤п╨я┐. п║п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ FreeBSD-2.1R, NetBSD-1.1, XFree86-3.1.2 п╦ 3.1.2A, п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬ FreeBSD(98) (2.0.5).
+|link:../../gifs/las5b.jpg[image:../../gifs/las5.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=128]] |п╜я┌п╬ я▐п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я├п╦я▐ FreeBSD CDROM п╬я┌ Laser5. п╜я┌п╬ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п╦п╥ 4 п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡.
+|link:../../gifs/phtb.jpg[image:../../gifs/pht.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=151,height=150]] |п╜я┌п╬ п╣п╢п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╦я│п╨ я│ FreeBSD, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╠я▀п╩ п╡я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫ Pacific Hitech п╢п╬ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨ п╬п╠я┼п╣п╢п╦п╫п╦п╩ я│п╡п╬я▌ п╩п╦п╫п╦я▌ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╬п╡ я│ Walnut Creek CDROM. PHT я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟п╣я┌ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨ FreeBSD/J (Japanese).
+|link:../../gifs/coverb.jpg[image:../../gifs/cover.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=150]] |п╜я┌п╬ п╢п╦я│п╨ я│ п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╦ п п╬я─п╣п╧я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ link:#magazines[п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╟]. п·я┌п╪п╣я┌я▄я┌п╣ я┘я┐п╢п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╬я└п╬я─п╪п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐! п²п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╣ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD 2.2.1 я│ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪п╦ п╪п╣я│я┌п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-10b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-10.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=143]] |п▓п╬я┌ п╬п╫ - я│п╟п╪я▀п╧ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨ я│ FreeBSD! п≤ п÷я─п╬п╣п╨я┌ FreeBSD, п╦ Walnut Creek CDROM п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ п╪п╬п╩п╬п╢я▀ я┌п╬пЁп╢п╟, п╦ п╡я▀ п╠п╣п╥ я┌я─я┐п╢п╟ я┐п╩п╬п╡п╦я┌п╣ я─п╟п╥п╫п╦я├я┐ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌п╟ я┌п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╦ я│п╣п╧я┤п╟я│.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-11b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-11.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=150]] |п╜я┌п╬ п╠я▀п╩ п╡я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨ я│ FreeBSD, п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ я└п╦я─п╪п╬п╧ Walnut Creek CDROM п╦ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я│п╟п╪я▀п╧ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╧ п╡ п╡п╣я┌п╡п╦ 1.x (п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п╦я│п╨п╟ USL/Novell п╦ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│я┐п╢п╟). п║п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD 1.1.5 п╠я▀п╩ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╣п╫ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡ я│п╣я┌п╦.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-blunb.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-blun.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=148]] |п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╫п╣п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╨я┐ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╣я─п╟, я┌п╣п╪ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я│п╣ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п╬я┌я│п╩п╣п╤п╣п╫я▀ п╦ я┐п╫п╦я┤я┌п╬п╤п╣п╫я▀. п≤п╥-п╥п╟ п╫п╣я┐п╢п╟я┤п╫п╬п╣ п╬я└п╬я─п╪п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╦п╨ п╠я▀п╩ п╢п╟я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫ п╫п╣ я┌п╣п╪ пЁп╬п╢п╬п╪, п╟ п╪п╣я│я▐я├ "January" (п╞п╫п╡п╟я─я▄) п╠я▀п╩ п╫п╣п©я─п╟п╡п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫ п╨п╟п╨ "Jaunary", я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я┐я│п╦п╩п╦я┌я▄ я└п╟п╨я┌п╬я─ я┐п╢п╦п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐. п▓п╬я┌ п╬п╫п╦, п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╦я▐ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┤п╣п╧-я┌п╬ п╨п╟я─я┌п╦п╫п╨п╦ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╥п╟ я┤п╟я│ п╢п╬ п╡я▀я│я┌я┐п©п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╫п╟ п╡я▀я│я┌п╟п╡п╨п╣.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-200b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-200.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=149]] |п╜я┌п╬ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╟ я│ FreeBSD 2.0. п≈п╟п╪п╣я┌я▄я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╡ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╠я▀п╩ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ я├п╡п╣я┌п╬п╡, я┤я┌п╬ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫я▀п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╦ п╫п╟п╡п╣я─п╫п╬п╣, я█я┌п╬ п╠я▀п╩п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫п╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╢п╦я│я┌п╟п╫я├п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╬я┌ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫п╫п╬п╧ я─п╟п╫п╣п╣ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-205b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-205.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=151]] |п═п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD 2.0.5 п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╣. п╜я┌п╬ п╠я▀п╩ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨ я│ п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫п╬п╪, п╫п╟я─п╦я│п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╒п╟я┌я│я┐п╪п╦ п╔п╬я│п╬п╨п╟п╡п╬п╧ (Tatsumi Hosokawa).
+|link:../../gifs/wc-21b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-21.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=149]] |п═п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD 2.1 п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╣. п╜я┌п╬ п╠я▀п╩ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨ п╦п╥ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╦ 2.1 (п╟ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╪ п╠я▀п╩ 2.1.7).
+|link:../../gifs/wc-215b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-215.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=149]] |п═п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD 2.1.5 п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╣.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-216b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-216.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=148]] |п═п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD 2.1.6 п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╣.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-216jpb.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-216jp.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=150]] |п╞п©п╬п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ 2.1.6. п╜я┌п╬ п╠я▀п╩ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╧ п╩п╬п╨п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╩я▐ п╞п©п╬п╫п╦п╦ п╢п╦я│п╨, п╡я▀п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ WC, п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╥п╟ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©я─п╬п╢я┐п╨я┌ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╠я▀п╩п╟ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╣ п©п╬п╢ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ Tatsumi Hosokawa п╦ я│п©п╬п╫я│п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╬п╧ Pacific Hitech п╦ Laser5.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-217b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-217.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=149]] |п═п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD 2.1.7 п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╣. п╜я┌п╬ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨ п╦п╥ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╦ 2.1.x. п▓ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫ п╨п╟п╨ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╣п╢п╬я┤п╣я┌п╬п╡ п╡ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ 2.1.6.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-22snapb.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-22snap.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=148]] |п═п╟п╫п╫п╦п╧ я│п╫я█п©я┬п╬я┌-я─п╣п╩п╦п╥ 2.2 (я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╬ п╡я▀я┘п╬п╢п╟ я─п╣п╩п╦п╥п╟ 2.2.1).
+|link:../../gifs/wc-221b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-221.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=148]] |п═п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD 2.2.1 п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╣. п╜я┌п╬ п╠я▀п╩ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ п╢п╦я│п╨ п╡ п╡п╣я┌п╨п╣ 2.2.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-222b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-222.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=152]] |п═п╣п╩п╦п╥ FreeBSD 2.2.2 п╫п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╣.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-30snab.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-30sna.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=148]] |п п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨ я│п╬ я│п╫я█п©я┬п╬я┌п╬п╪ FreeBSD 3.0.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-docsb.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-docs.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=150,height=148]] |п░я─я┘п╦п╡я▀ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╦ я┌п╣п╩п╣п╨п╬п╫я└п╣я─п╣п╫я├п╦п╧, п©я─п╣п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ HTML п╦ п╫п╟п©п╬п╩п╬п╡п╦п╫я┐ п©я─п╬п╦п╫п╢п╣п╨я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©п╬ я┌п╣п╪п╟п╪ п╬п╠я│я┐п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╧. п▓я▀п©я┐я│п╨ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟ п╠я▀п╩ п╬я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╩п╣п╫ п╢п╡п╟ я─п╟п╥п╟, п╟ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╠я▀п╩ п©я─п╦п╬я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╨п╟п╨ п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟п╩п╬я│я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ я│п╩п╦я┬п╨п╬п╪ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п╫п╟ я│п╪п╬пЁп╩п╟ п©п╬п╪п╣я│я┌п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╪ п╢п╦я│п╨п╣. п°п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ DVD я│я┌п╟п╫я┐я┌ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п©я┐п╩я▐я─п╫я▀п╪п╦...
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/cgi-bin/fm/bsdtool[image:../../gifs/wc-bsdtool.gif[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=200,height=166]] |FreeBSD Toolkit: п²п╟п╠п╬я─ п╦п╥ я┬п╣я│я┌п╦ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ пЁп╩я┐п╠п╬п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│ FreeBSD.
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/[image:../../gifs/wc-bsdalph-4.2.gif[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=242,height=200]] |FreeBSD Alpha 4.2 - п÷п╬п╩п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ 64-я─п╟п╥я─я▐п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ UNIX п╢п╩я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀ DEC Alpha.
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/[image:../../gifs/wc-freebsd-4.2b.gif[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=255,height=200]] |FreeBSD 4.2: п÷п╬п╩п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ 32-я─п╟п╥я─я▐п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ UNIX п╢п╩я▐ PC.
+|http://www.lob.de/[image:../../gifs/lob-freebsd-4.2.gif[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=255,height=218]] |FreeBSD 4.2 CD-ROM. Lehmanns CD-ROM Edition. п╞п╫п╡п╟я─я▄ 2001, 4 п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╟. Lehmanns Fachbuchhandlung. Germany. ISBN 3-931253-72-4.
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/[image:../../gifs/wr-freebsd43.png[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=240,height=207]] |FreeBSD 4.3 RELEASE CDROM. April 2001, Wind River Systems. ISBN 1-57176-300-7.
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/cgi-bin/fm/bsdtool[image:../../gifs/wr-bsdtool-june2001.png[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=240,height=202]] |FreeBSD Toolkit: п²п╟п╠п╬я─ п╦п╥ я┬п╣я│я┌п╦ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ я│ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╟п╩п╟п╪п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©п╬п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╦я┌я▄ п╡п╟я┬п╦ п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╬ FreeBSD. June 2001, Wind River Systems. ISBN 1-57176-301-5.
+|link:gifs/lob-freebsd-4.4.gif[image:../../gifs/lob-freebsd-4.4.gif[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=243,height=207]] |FreeBSD 4.4 CD-ROM. Lehmanns CD-ROM Edition. п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 2001, 6 п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ п╡ Jewel-п╨п╬я─п╬п╠п╨п╣. http://www.lob.de/[Lehmanns Fachbuchhandlung]. Germany. ISBN 3-931253-84-8.
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/[image:../../gifs/wr-freebsd44.png[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=240,height=208]] |FreeBSD 4.4 RELEASE CDROM. Wind River Systems. September 2001. ISBN 1-57176-304-X.
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/[image:../../gifs/fm-freebsd45.png[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ CD,width=240,height=205]] |FreeBSD 4.5 RELEASE CDROM. February 2002, FreeBSD Mall Inc. ISBN 1-57176-306-6.
+|===
+
+[[magazines]]
+== п√я┐я─п╫п╟п╩я▀
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[width="100%",cols="20%,80%",]
+|===
+|link:../../gifs/krb.jpg[image:../../gifs/kr.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╟,width=150,height=213]] |п·п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╬я─п╣п╧я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╟ UNIX magazine, п╫п╬п╪п╣я─ п╥п╟ п°п╟п╧ 1997. п²п╟ п©я─п╦п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣п╪п╬п╪ CD п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ link:#221cd[FreeBSD 2.2.1].
+|link:../../gifs/unixuserb.jpg[image:../../gifs/unixuser.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╟,width=150,height=199]] |UNIX User Magazine, п╫п╬п╪п╣я─ п╥п╟ п²п╬я▐п╠я─я▄ 1996. п²п╟ п©я─п╦п╩п╟пЁп╟п╣п╪п╬п╪ CD п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ FreeBSD 2.1.5.
+|link:../../gifs/fullcourse3b.jpg[image:../../gifs/fullcourse3.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╟,width=149,height=193]] |п╜я┌п╬ я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨ "FreeBSD Full Course" п╥п╟ п░п©я─п╣п╩я▄ 1997 п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╟ Software Design (п╦п╥п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ Gijutsu Hyoron Sha). п╜я┌п╬ 80 я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├ я│я┌п╟я┌п╣п╧ п╬ FreeBSD, п╨п╟я│п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╬я┌ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╢п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ -current.
+|link:../../gifs/smart-reseller.jpg[image:../../gifs/smart-reseller-small.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╟,width=149,height=193]] |http://www.zdnet.com/sr/stories/issue/0,4537,349576,00.html[Quality Unix for FREE], п▒я─п╣я┌я┌п╟ п⌠п╩я█я│я│п╟ (Brett Glass) п╡ http://www.zdnet.com/sr/[Sm@rt Reseller Online] п║п╣п╫я┌я▐п╠я─я▄ 1998
+|link:../../gifs/bsdmagazine.jpg[image:../../gifs/bsdmagazine.jpg[п╬п╠п╩п╬п╤п╨п╟ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩п╟,width=150,height=196]] |п╜я┌п╬ п╤я┐я─п╫п╟п╩ "BSD magazine", п╦п╥п╢п╟п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╧ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╫п╦п╣п╧ ASCII, п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╣ п╡ п╪п╦я─п╣ п╦п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣, я│п©п╣я├п╦п╟п╩п╦п╥п╦я─я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣я│я▐ п╫п╟ BSD. BSD magazine п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴я▒п╫ FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD п╦ BSD/OS. п▓ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ п╫п╬п╪п╣я─ п╡п╬я┬п╩п╦ я│я┌п╟я┌я▄п╦ п©п╬ п╦я│я┌п╬я─п╦п╦ BSD, я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╦ п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟я┘/п©п╟п╨п╟п╢п╤п╟я┘; п╡ п╫п╣пЁп╬ п╡п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫я▀ 4 п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╟ я│ FreeBSD 3.2-RELEASE, NetBSD 1.4.1 п╦ OpenBSD 2.5.
+|===
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/announce.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/announce.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e9a48eb19b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/announce.html
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
+  <head>
+    <title>Анонс FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
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+        <span class="txtoffscreen"><a href="#content" title="Skip site navigation" accesskey="1">Skip site navigation</a> (1)
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+            <div id="headerlogoright">
+              <div class="frontdonateroundbox">
+                <div class="frontdonatetop">
+                  <div>
+                    <b style="display: none;">.</b>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="frontdonatecontent">
+                  <a href="https://www.FreeBSDFoundation.org/donate/">Donate to FreeBSD</a>
+                </div>
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+              </div>
+              <h2 class="blockhide">Peripheral Links</h2>
+              <div id="searchnav">
+                <ul id="searchnavlist"></ul>
+              </div>
+              <div id="search">
+                <form method="get" id="search-form" action="https://duckduckgo.com/" onsubmit="document.getElementById('words').value+=' (site:www.FreeBSD.org OR site:docs.FreeBSD.org OR site:lists.FreeBSD.org OR site:wiki.FreeBSD.org OR site:forums.FreeBSD.org)'">
+                  <h2 class="blockhide">
+                    <label for="words">Поиск</label>
+                  </h2>
+                  <input type="hidden" name="ka" value="v" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kt" value="v" />
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+          <div id="menu">
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+                <a href="../../">На главную</a>
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+                  </li>
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+                    <a href="../../usergroups.html">Группы пользователей</a>
+                  </li>
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+                <a href="../../projects/index.html">Разработка</a>
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+                  </li>
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+                <a href="../../support.html">Поддержка</a>
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+                  </li>
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+                  </li>
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+                    <a href="../../send-pr.html">Отправить сообщение об ошибке</a>
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+                <ul>
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+                  </li>
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+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div id="content">
+          <div id="sidewrap">
+            <div id="sidenav">
+              <h2 class="blockhide">Навигация по разделу</h2>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../where.html">Получить FreeBSD</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../releases/">Информация о релизах</a>
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>Продуктивный релиз: <a href="../../../releases/12.0R/announce.html">12.0</a><a href="../../../releases/11.2R/announce.html">11.2</a></li>
+                    <li>(Старый) Продуктивный релиз: <a href="../../../releases/10.2R/announce.html">10.2</a></li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a href="../../snapshots/">Снэпшот-релизы</a>
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../ports/">Портированные приложения</a>
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div id="contentwrap"><h1>Анонс FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</h1>
+
+    <p><b>Date:</b> Sat, 06 Nov 2004 16:19:57 -0700<br clear="none" />
+      <b>From:</b> Scott Long &lt;scottl@FreeBSD.org&gt;<br clear="none" />
+      <b>To:</b> freebsd-announce@FreeBSD.org<br clear="none" />
+      <b>Subject:</b> [FreeBSD-Announce] FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Announcement</p>
+
+    <p>Пользуясь своей привилегией, я с удовольствием представляю релиз
+      FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE.  Этот релиз является важной вехой в серии FreeBSD 5.x
+      и открывает релизы ветви 5-STABLE.  Некоторые из многих изменений со
+      времени выхода 5.2.1 включают:</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><p>Для платформы i386 был реализован бинарный уровень совместимости,
+	  который позволяет подключение к ядру драйверов Microsoft Windows
+	  NDIS.</p></li>
+
+      <li><p>Подсистема сети и сокетов теперь многопоточна и повторно
+	  используема.  Это позволяет гораздо более эффективно применять
+	  SMP параллелизм при обработке и передаче локального и удаленного
+	  сетевого трафика.</p></li>
+
+      <li><p>Среда разработки была обновлена до GCC 3.4.2, Binutils
+	  2.15, и GDB 6.1</p></li>
+
+      <li><p>Используемая по умолчанию графическая среда была обновлена до
+	  X.org 6.7, Gnome 2.6.2 и KDE 3.3.0.</p></li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>Кроме того, при подготовке релиза особое внимание было уделено
+      тестированию и исправлению ошибок, а также стабилизации большинства
+      API ядра и программ пользователя.  Пользователям и поставщикам
+      рекомендуется переход на FreeBSD 5.x, поскольку серия релизов
+      FreeBSD 5.x более не является "новой технологической".
+      Информацию по переходу с FreeBSD 4.x на 5.x можно найти на</p>
+
+    <p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/5.3R/migration-guide.html" shape="rect">
+	http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/5.3R/migration-guide.html</a></p>
+
+    <p>За полным списком новых возможностей и известных проблем, обращайтесь
+      к заметкам о релизе и информации о обнаруженных проблемах:</p>
+
+    <p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes.html" shape="rect">
+	http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.3R/relnotes.html</a><br clear="none" />
+      <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/5.3R/errata.html" shape="rect">
+	http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.3R/errata.html</a></p>
+
+    <p>За дальнейшей информацией о подготовке релизов FreeBSD обращайтесь
+      к:</p>
+
+    <p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releng" shape="rect">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releng</a></p>
+
+    <h2>Доступность</h2>
+
+    <p>FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE поддерживает архитектуры i386, pc98, alpha, sparc64,
+      amd64, и ia64 и может быть установлен непосредственно по сети с
+      использованием загружаемого носителя или скопирован на локальный
+      NFS/FTP сервер.  На момент публикации доступны дистрибутивы для всех
+      поддерживаемых архитектур.</p>
+
+    <p>Пожалуйста, продолжайте поддержку проекта FreeBSD путем покупки
+      дистрибутивов от одного из наших распространителей.  Следующие компании
+      предлагают основанные на FreeBSD 5.3 продукты:</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><p>FreeBSD Mall, Inc.
+	  <tt><a href="http://www.freebsdmall.com/" shape="rect">http://www.freebsdmall.com/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p>Daemonnews, Inc.
+          <tt><a href="http://www.bsdmall.com/freebsd1.html" shape="rect">http://www.bsdmall.com/freebsd1.html</a></tt></p></li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>
+      Другим способом получения FreeBSD является загрузка с зеркал.  Мы не можем
+      гарантировать, что на всех зеркалах будут размещены образы ISO, но
+      они как минимум будут доступны с нижеприведенных сайтов.  Контрольные
+      суммы для образов дисков помещены в конец этого сообщения.</p>
+
+    <h2>Bittorrent</h2>
+
+    <p>Bittorrent был протестирован на экспериментальной основе.  Коллекция
+      для ISO образов релиза доступна по адресу</p>
+
+    <p><tt><a href="http://people.freebsd.org/~scottl/5.3-torrent" shape="rect">http://people.freebsd.org/~scottl/5.3-torrent</a></tt></p>
+
+    <h2>FTP</h2>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp3.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp3.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp4.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp4.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp5.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp5.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp6.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp6.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp7.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp7.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp10.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp10.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.au.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.au.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.fr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.fr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp1.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp1.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.tw.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.tw.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp3.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp3.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp10.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp10.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp11.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp11.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp15.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp15.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>FreeBSD также доступна через анонимный FTP через зеркала в следующих
+      странах: Аргентина, Австралия, Бразилия, Болгария, Канада, Китай,
+      Чешская республика, Дания, Эстония, Финляндия, Франция, Германия,
+      Гонконг, Венгрия, Исландия, Ирландия, Япония, Корея, Литва, Amylonia,
+      Нидерланды, Новая Зеландия, Польша, Португалия, Румыния, Россия,
+      Саудовская Аравия, Южная Африка, Словацкая Республика, Словения,
+      Испания, Швеция, Тайвань, Таиланд, Украина, и Великобритания.</p>
+
+    <p>Перед тем, как воспользоваться центральным FTP сайтом, проверьте
+      региональные зеркала, начиная с:</p>
+
+    <p>ftp://ftp.&lt;yourdomain&gt;.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD</p>
+
+    <p>Любые дополнительные зеркальные сайты будут называться ftp2, ftp3
+       и так далее.</p>
+
+    <p>Дополнительную информацию о зеркалах FreeBSD можно найти по адресу:</p>
+
+    <p><tt><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html" shape="rect">
+      http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html</a></tt></p>
+
+    <p>За инструкциями по установке FreeBSD, обращайтесь к главе 2 Руководства
+      FreeBSD.  В ней находится полный обзор установки для новых пользователей
+      FreeBSD, документ доступен онлайн по следующему адресу:</p>
+
+    <p><tt><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html" shape="rect">
+	http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html</a></tt></p>
+
+    <h2>Благодарности</h2>
+
+    <p>Многие компании предоставили оборудование, доступ к сети, или
+      человеко-часы в порядке финансирования выпуска релизов FreeBSD 5.3,
+      в том числе FreeBSD Mall, Compaq, Yahoo!, Sentex Communications,
+      Sandvine, Inc., FreeBSD Systems, Inc, and NTT/Verio.</p>
+
+    <p>Группа подготовки релиза 5.3-RELEASE включает:</p>
+
+    <table border="0">
+      <tbody>
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scott Long &lt;<a href="mailto:scottl@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">scottl@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Подготовка релиза, сборка релиза I386 и AMD64</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ken Smith &lt;<a href="mailto:kensmith@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">kensmith@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Релизы I386 и Sparc64, сборка, координация сайтов зеркал</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hiroki Sato &lt;<a href="mailto:hrs@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">hrs@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Подготовка релиза, документация и координация</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Robert Watson &lt;<a href="mailto:rwatson@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">rwatson@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Подготовка релиза, безопасность</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">John Baldwin &lt;<a href="mailto:jhb@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">jhb@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Подготовка релиза</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Murray Stokely &lt;<a href="mailto:murray@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">murray@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Подготовка релиза</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marcel Moolenaar &lt;<a href="mailto:marcel@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">marcel@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IA64 Сборка релиза</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Takahashi Yoshihiro &lt;<a href="mailto:nyan@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">nyan@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Сборка релиза PC98</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wilko Bulte &lt;<a href="mailto:wilko@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">wilko@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Сборка релиза Alpha</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kris Kennaway &lt;<a href="mailto:kris@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">kris@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Сборка пакетов</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Joe Marcus Clarke &lt;<a href="mailto:marcus@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">marcus@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Сборка пакетов</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Jacques A. Vidrine &lt;<a href="mailto:nectar@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">nectar@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Офицер безопасности</td>
+	</tr>
+      </tbody>
+    </table>
+
+    <h2>Контрольные суммы образов CD</h2>
+
+    <p>Для Alpha:</p>
+
+    <pre xml:space="preserve">MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-alpha-bootonly.iso) = 82fd65e9cfdb6431934d0f1c1b6a15a3
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-alpha-disc1.iso) = f7d2267e623be6e7409c119b46982061
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-alpha-disc2.iso) = 26ab899510752a05bf0019529b3ae09e
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-alpha-miniinst.iso) = 3cc9b2881ea519027fbec6f95ab2ea84</pre>
+
+    <p>Для amd64:</p>
+
+    <pre xml:space="preserve">MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso) = 3b13650ee101461d55233d2648402cfd
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-amd64-disc2.iso) = f35d3c6f46499ffab755ccf9b63cd558
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-amd64-miniinst.iso) = 1efce73bf26984feb6128518b225ad7e
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso) = 22894ae0c26f03537608d06815700148</pre>
+
+    <p>Для i386:</p>
+
+    <pre xml:space="preserve">MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-i386-bootonly.iso) = e370ae39bb34f0789c638b6ad50038a2
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-i386-disc1.iso) = fbcbfdff31f27de396f257e0a37a78b8
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-i386-disc2.iso) = 21874a5663022768336e4cc73d1dd30d
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-i386-miniinst.iso) = 96124b2608ba481693e04d364d485e3c</pre>
+
+    <p>Для ia64:</p>
+
+    <pre xml:space="preserve">MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-ia64-bootonly.iso) = 2e5dfceb79b2975885cab6b318c965b8
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-ia64-disc1.iso) = 61b5bc276bf2b75aed0908802ea12926
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-ia64-disc2.iso) = 02613e71ea7e04c43f75a8feccb0bdfa
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-ia64-miniinst.iso) = 709233fd711756966f298e31bcab4e45</pre>
+
+    <p>Для pc98:</p>
+
+    <pre xml:space="preserve">MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-pc98-disc2.iso) = 373ddc67857b90b34190ad07a23e5298
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-pc98-miniinst.iso) = 01735af51f7b7f6ce37314e5ec49a842</pre>
+
+    <p>Для sparc64:</p>
+
+    <pre xml:space="preserve">MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-sparc64-bootonly.iso)= db98df3d41cb20d6cdac668125736880
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-sparc64-disc1.iso) = cd960f33a4e4ae33628b28580900932a
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-sparc64-disc2.iso) = 058c9fce47fec044e6be91773532293a
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-sparc64-miniinst.iso)= 05eb044da17fda978f88716a8203be3d</pre>
+
+  </div>
+          <br class="clearboth" />
+        </div>
+        <div id="footer"><span><a href="../../search/index-site.html">Карта сайта</a> |
+  <a href="../../copyright/">Условия использования</a> | © 1995-2014
+  Проект FreeBSD. Все права защищены.</span><br />
+      Last modified:  2013-11-13</div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/errata.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/errata.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..13caf774fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/errata.html
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Список проблем FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Список проблем FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/errata/article.sgml,v 1.1.2.2
+2004/11/10 11:10:06 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
+<p>FreeBSD это зарегистрированная торговая марка FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
+
+<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, и Xeon это торговые марки
+или зарегистрированные торговые марки Intel Corporation или ее дочерних компаний в
+Соединенных Штатах и других странах.</p>
+
+<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, и UltraSPARC это торговые марки SPARC International, Inc
+в Соединенных Штатах и других странах. Продукты с торговой маркой SPARC основаны на
+архитектуре, разработанной Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>Многие из обозначений, используемые производителями и продавцами для обозначения своих
+продуктов, заявляются в качестве торговых марок. Когда такие обозначения появляются в
+этом документе, и Проекту FreeBSD известно о торговой марке, к обозначению добавляется
+знак ``(TM)'' или ``(R)''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN20" name="AEN20"></a>
+<p>В этом документе находится список проблем FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE, содержащий важную
+информацию, полученную после релиза или на поздней стадии выпуска релиза и не попавшую в
+документацию на релиз. Эта информация включает сообщения безопасности, а также новости,
+относящиеся к программному обеспечению и документации, которые могут повлиять на
+использование системы. Перед установкой этой версии FreeBSD необходимо сверяться с
+обновленной версией этого документа.</p>
+
+<p>Этот список проблем FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE будет поддерживаться до FreeBSD
+5.4-RELEASE.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>Этот документ содержит последние новости об FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE. Перед установкой этой
+версии необходимо проконсультироваться с данным документом для получения информации о
+обнаруженных после выпуска релиза проблемах, которые уже могли быть найдены и
+исправлены.</p>
+
+<p>Любая версия этого документа, распространяемая с релизом (например, на CDROM
+дистрибутиве), уже устарела по определению, но другие копии обновляются в интернет и их
+необходимо прочесть как ``текущие сообщения о проблемах'' этого релиза. Эти копии
+находятся на <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/</a> и на любых сайтах, поддерживающих
+обновляемые зеркала этой страницы.</p>
+
+<p>Снэпшоты в исходных текстах и бинарные снэпшоты FreeBSD 5-STABLE также содержат
+обновленные копии этого документа (на время создания снэпшота).</p>
+
+<p>За списком всех сообщений безопасности FreeBSD CERT обращайтесь к <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/security/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/security/</a> или <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/"
+target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2. Сообщения безопасности</a></h2>
+
+<p>(18 ноября 2004) Была исправлена ошибка в утилите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>; она
+позволяла злонамеренному HTTP серверу перезапись произвольных участков памяти клиента. За
+дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:16.fetch.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:16</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="OPEN-ISSUES" name="OPEN-ISSUES">3. Актуальные проблемы</a></h2>
+
+<p>(31 октября 2004) Драйверы <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> могут плохо
+работать под высокой нагрузкой. В частности, были сообщения, что <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> на IBM ThinkPad
+T40 блокировался в таких условиях.</p>
+
+<p>(31 октября 2004) Были сообщения, что драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> блокировался
+при высокой нагрузке, особенно при использовании встроенных контроллеров ASUStek. Для
+восстановления работоспособности может потребоваться отключение и включение интерфейс
+(down, up) и/или перезагрузка системы.</p>
+
+<p>(31 октября 2004) В некоторых системах <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> может
+терять управление. При этом <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> не
+сообщает о завершении операции, хотя на самом деле операция завершена, и индикатор
+выполнения не показывает правильного значения. Обходные пути решения проблемы:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Извлеките носитель и вставьте его обратно после записи CD.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Нажмите Ctrl-C, если <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a>
+потерял управление, а индикатор погас.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>(31 октября 2004) При использовании пользовательских/групповых правил в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a>
+переменная загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> должна быть установлена
+в <var class="LITERAL">0</var> (она установлена в <var class="LITERAL">1</var> по
+умолчанию). Например, это касается следующих правил:</p>
+
+<p>для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a>:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+count ip from any to 192.168.2.1 uid root
+</pre>
+
+<p>для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+block log quick proto { tcp, udp } all user root
+</pre>
+
+<p>Для установки <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> в <var
+class="LITERAL">0</var> при каждой загрузке, добавьте в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt> следующую строку:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+debug.mpsafenet=0
+</pre>
+
+<p>Говоря точнее, это относится к параметрам <var class="LITERAL">group</var> и <var
+class="LITERAL">user</var> в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, и к параметрам
+<var class="LITERAL">gid</var>, <var class="LITERAL">jail</var>, и <var
+class="LITERAL">uid</var> в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a>. Если
+переменная <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> установлена в <var
+class="LITERAL">1</var>, система может зависнуть вследствие блокировки в слое сокета.
+Более подробная информация находится на страницах справочной системы <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>(31 октября 2004, обновлено 12 ноября 2004) Подсистема <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a>
+работает на 5.3, но может вызвать панику системы во время загрузки. В качестве обходного
+пути вы можете добавить <var class="LITERAL">vinum_load="YES"</var> в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>В качестве альтернативы вы можете использовать новую, основанную на <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>
+подсистему <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a>. Для
+активации основанной на <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>
+подсистемы vinum во время загрузки, добавьте <var
+class="LITERAL">geom_vinum_load="YES"</var> в <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt>
+и удалите переменную <var class="LITERAL">start_vinum="YES"</var> из <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt>, если она там есть.</p>
+
+<p>Хотя некоторые редко встречающиеся конфигурации, такие как несколько приводов vinum на
+диске, не поддерживаются, в основном это решение обратно совместимо. Имейте ввиду, что с
+основанным на <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> vinum
+должна использоваться программа пользователя <tt class="COMMAND">gvinum</tt>, и она пока
+не поддерживает всех возможностей.</p>
+
+<p>(31 октября 2004) Результат <tt class="COMMAND">netstat -m</tt> может быть
+некорректным на SMP системах, когда переменная <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var>
+установлена в <var class="LITERAL">1</var> (значение по умолчанию). Это вызвано ошибкой
+``race condition'' в сборе статистики, а не утечкой памяти.</p>
+
+<p>(31 октября 2004, обновление 5 ноября 2004) В FreeBSD/i386 и FreeBSD/amd64, при
+установке FreeBSD 5.3 с использованием USB клавиатуры, клавиатура перестает работать
+после загрузки ядра, поскольку считается, что подключена клавиатура PS/2. В качестве
+обходного пути, выберите ``Escape to loader prompt'' в меню загрузчика и введите в
+приглашение следующие строки:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+set hint.atkbd.0.flags="0x1"
+boot
+</pre>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что при использовании загрузочных дискет эти параметры установлены
+по умолчанию.</p>
+
+<p>После установки добавьте в <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt> следующую
+строку:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+hint.atkbd.0.flags="0x1"
+</pre>
+
+<p>(1 ноября 2004) Планировщик ULE, описанный в заметках о релизе, был полностью
+отключен, поскольку имеются проблемы со стабильностью.</p>
+
+<p>(1 ноября 2004) Программы, подключающие <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>, могут
+не показывать статистику использования в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a>, а программы,
+подключающие <b class="APPLICATION">libthr</b>, показывают правильную статистику.</p>
+
+<p>(1 ноября 2004) Поддержка ATA RAID для CMD649 и SiI0680 ATA контроллеров не
+функциональна в этом релизе. Когда такие контроллеры активируются под <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> (ataraid) в
+5.3, настройки RAID, сохраненные в 5.2 или предыдущих релизах, могут быть повреждены.</p>
+
+<p>(3 ноября 2004) Для FreeBSD/i386 и FreeBSD/amd64, поддержка SMP в ядре <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> была отключена по умолчанию, поскольку SMP ядро может
+понижать производительность упомянутых систем. Был добавлен файл конфигурации ядра <tt
+class="FILENAME">SMP</tt>, который может быть использован для включения поддержки SMP.
+Дополнительные подробности по сборке ядра находятся на странице <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/kernelconfig.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/kernelconfig.html</a>.</p>
+
+<p>(4 ноября 2004) Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> (известная
+также как <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdtar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdtar</span>(1)</span></a>) не
+определяет конец носителя, например ленты или дискеты при указании его параметром <var
+class="OPTION">-f</var>. В качестве альтернативы может быть использован <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gtar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gtar</span>(1)</span></a> (<b
+class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b>).</p>
+
+<p>(9 ноября 2004) Основанная на <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>
+подсистема <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> не
+работает для томов RAID5 на машинах с одним процессором. Отличные от RAID5 конфигурации
+(такие как RAID1) должны работать правильно. Проблема была исправлена в ветви
+RELENG_5.</p>
+
+<p>(9 ноября 2004) В FreeBSD Руководстве по миграции 5.3-RELEASE должно упоминаться
+удаление <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nslookup</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nsupdate</tt>, включенных в <b class="APPLICATION">BIND 8</b>
+в процессе обновления из исходных текстов.</p>
+
+<p>(9 ноября 2004) В заметках о релизе FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE должно упоминаться, что <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/mpd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/mpd</tt></a>, скомпилированный на старых системах до 5.3-RELEASE
+должен быть перекомпилирован.</p>
+
+<p>(10 ноября 2004) В заметках о релизе FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE должно явно упоминаться, что
+порты/пакеты, собранные в старых системах до 5.3-RELEASE и подключающие старые потоковые
+библиотеки POSIX (<b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b> или <b
+class="APPLICATION">libkse</b>) могут вызывать ошибку ``Spinlock called when not
+threaded'' при запуске. Это происходит, когда программа подключает несколько различных
+потоковых библиотек (обычно когда старые порты подключают <b
+class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>, а новые порты подключают <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>). Требуется либо перекомпиляция портов/пакетов либо
+добавление необходимых строк в <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/libmap.conf</tt>. Более
+детальная информация находится в <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> (20040303 и
+20040130).</p>
+
+<p>(12 ноября 2004) Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> работает
+неправильно при одновременном включении поддержки VLAN и promiscuous режима. Исправление
+тестируется и будет включено в ветвь исправлений 5.3.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LATE-NEWS" name="LATE-NEWS">4. Последние новости</a></h2>
+
+<p>Нет новостей.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="http://snapshots.jp.FreeBSD.org/">http://snapshots.jp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-alpha.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-alpha.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3ba2ef388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-alpha.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5916 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/alpha 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/alpha
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект документирования FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>Содержание</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">Введение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#SUPPORT-PROC">Supported processors and motherboards</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#AEN28">Overview</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#AEN44">In general, what do you need to run FreeBSD on an
+Alpha?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#AEN105">System-specific information</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#AEN110">AXPpci33 (``NoName'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.2. <a href="#AEN185">Universal Desktop Box (UDB or ``Multia'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.3. <a href="#AEN274">Personal Workstation (``Miata'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.4. <a href="#AEN384">Evaluation Board 64 family</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.5. <a href="#AEN439">Evaluation Board 164 (``EB164, PC164, PC164LX, PC164SX'')
+family</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.6. <a href="#AEN508">AlphaStation 200 (``Mustang'') and 400 (``Avanti'')
+series</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.7. <a href="#AEN575">AlphaStation 500 and 600 (``Alcor'' &#38; ``Maverick'' for
+EV5, ``Bret'' for EV56)</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.8. <a href="#AEN687">AlphaServer 1000 (``Mikasa''), 1000A (``Noritake'') and
+800(``Corelle'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.9. <a href="#AEN743">DS10/VS10/XP900 (``Webbrick'') / XP1000 (``Monet'') / DS10L
+(``Slate'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.10. <a href="#AEN894">DS20/DS20E (``Goldrush'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.11. <a href="#AEN963">AlphaPC 264DP / UP2000</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.12. <a href="#AEN1009">AlphaServer 2000 (``DemiSable''), 2100 (``Sable''), 2100A
+(``Lynx'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.13. <a href="#AEN1080">AlphaServer 4x00 (``Rawhide'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.14. <a href="#AEN1113">AlphaServer 1200 (``Tincup'') and AlphaStation 1200
+(``DaVinci'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.15. <a href="#AEN1143">AlphaServer 8200 and 8400 (``TurboLaser'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.16. <a href="#AEN1186">Alpha Processor Inc. UP1000</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.17. <a href="#AEN1235">Alpha Processor Inc. UP1100</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.18. <a href="#AEN1283">Alpha Processor Inc. CS20, Compaq DS20L</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.19. <a href="#AEN1330">Compaq AlphaServer ES40 (``Clipper'')</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#AEN1367">Supported Hardware Overview</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#AEN1399">Acknowledgments</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">Поддерживаемые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">Контроллеры дисков</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#ATM">ATM интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#WLAN">Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">Различные сетевые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#SERIAL">Последовательные интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#AUDIO">Аудио устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#CAMERA">Камеры и устройства видеозахвата</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#USB">Устройства USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">Криптографические акселераторы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#MISC">Другие устройства</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этом документе находится информация об аппаратной совместимости для FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE на аппаратной платформе Alpha/AXP упоминаемой также как FreeBSD/alpha
+5.3-RELEASE). В этом списке находятся устройства, работающие на данной платформе, а также
+информация об отдельных настройках загрузки ядра, которые могут быть полезны при
+включении поддержки новых устройств.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> В этот документ включена информация, специфичная для аппаратной
+платформы Alpha/AXP. Версии информации об оборудовании для других архитектур будут
+отличаться в некоторых деталях.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT-PROC" name="SUPPORT-PROC">2. Supported processors and
+motherboards</a></h2>
+
+<i class="AUTHORGROUP"><span class="CONTRIB">Maintained by</span> Wilko Bulte.</i> 
+
+<p>Additions, corrections and constructive criticism are invited. In particular,
+information on system quirks is more than welcome.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN28" name="AEN28">2.1. Overview</a></h3>
+
+<p>This document tries to provide a starting point for those who want to run FreeBSD on
+an Alpha-based machine. It is aimed at providing background information on the various
+hardware designs. It is not a replacement for the systems manuals.</p>
+
+<p>The information is structured as follows:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>general hardware requirements to run FreeBSD on alpha;</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>system specific information for each of the systems/boards supported by FreeBSD;</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>information on expansion boards for FreeBSD, including things that differ from what is
+in the generic supported hardware list.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> You will see references to DEC, Digital Equipment Corporation and
+Compaq used more or less interchangeably. Now that Compaq has acquired Digital Equipment
+it would be more correct to refer to Compaq only. To be completely politically correct
+given that Hewlett Packard in turn has acquired Compaq I probably should be using HP
+everywhere. Given the fact that you will see the mix of names everywhere, I don't
+bother.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> SRM commands will be in <kbd class="USERINPUT">UPPER CASE</kbd>.
+Lower case input is also acceptable to SRM. Upper case is used for clarity.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN44" name="AEN44">2.2. In general, what do you need to run
+FreeBSD on an Alpha?</a></h3>
+
+<p>Obviously you will need an Alpha machine that FreeBSD knows about. Alpha machines are
+NOT like PCs. There are considerable differences between the various core logic chip sets
+and mainboard designs. This means that a kernel needs to know the intimate details of a
+particular machine before it can run on it. Throwing some odd <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel at unknown hardware is almost guaranteed to fail
+miserably.</p>
+
+<p>For a machine even to be considered for FreeBSD use please make sure it has the SRM
+console firmware installed. Or at least make sure that SRM console firmware is available
+for the particular machine type. If FreeBSD does not currently support your machine type,
+there is a good chance that this will change at some point in time, assuming SRM is
+available. All bets are off when SRM console firmware is not available.</p>
+
+<p>Machines with the ARC or AlphaBIOS console firmware were intended for WindowsNT. Some
+have SRM console firmware available in the system ROMs which you only have to select (via
+an ARC or AlphaBIOS menu). In other cases you will have to re-flash the ROMs with SRM
+code. Check on http://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Alpha/firmware to see what is available for
+your particular system. In any case: no SRM means <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">no</i></span> FreeBSD (or NetBSD, OpenBSD, Tru64 Unix or OpenVMS for
+that matter). With the demise of WindowsNT/alpha a lot of former NT boxes are sold on the
+second hand market. They have little or no trade-in value when they are NT-only from the
+console firmware perspective. So, be suspicious if the price appears too good.</p>
+
+<p>Known non-SRM machines are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Digital XL series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital XLT series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Samsung PC164UX (``Ruffian'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Samsung 164B</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Machines that have SRM but are not supported by FreeBSD are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DECpc 150 (``Jensen'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC 2000/300 (``Jensen'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC 2000/500 (``Culzean'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AXPvme series (``Medulla'')</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>To complicate things a bit further: Digital used to have so called ``white-box'' Alpha
+machines destined as NT-only and ``blue-box'' Alpha machines destined for OpenVMS and
+Digital Unix. These names are based on the color of the cabinets, ``FrostWhite'' and
+``TopGunBlue'' respectively. Although you could put the SRM console firmware on a
+whitebox, OpenVMS and Digital Unix will refuse to boot on them. FreeBSD in
+post-4.0-RELEASE will run on both the white and the blue-box variants. Before someone
+asks: the white ones had a rather different (read: cheaper) Digital price tag.</p>
+
+<p>As part of the SRM you will get the so called OSF/1 PAL code (OSF/1 being the initial
+name of Digital's UNIX offering on Alpha). The PAL code can be thought of as a software
+abstraction layer between the hardware and the operating system. It uses normal CPU
+instruction plus a handful of privileged instructions specific for PAL use. PAL is not
+microcode. The ARC console firmware contains a different PAL code, geared towards WinNT
+and in no way suitable for use by FreeBSD (or more generic: Unix or OpenVMS). Before
+someone asks: Linux/alpha brings its own PAL code, allowing it to boot on ARC and
+AlphaBIOS. There are various reasons why this is not a very good idea in the eyes of the
+*BSD folks. I don't want to go into details here. If you are interested in the gory
+details search the FreeBSD and NetBSD web sites.</p>
+
+<p>There is another pitfall ahead: you will need a disk adapter that the SRM console
+firmware recognizes in order to be able to boot from a disk. What is acceptable to SRM as
+a boot adapter is unfortunately highly system and SRM version dependent. For older PCI
+based machines it means you will need either a NCR/Symbios 53C810 based adapter, or a
+Qlogic 1020/1040 based adapter. Some machines come with a SCSI chip embedded on the
+mainboard. Newer machine designs and SRM versions will be able to work with more modern
+SCSI chips/adapters. Check out the machine specific info below. Please note that the rest
+of this discussion only refers to Symbios chips, this is meant to include the older chips
+that still have NCR stamped on them. Symbios bought NCR sometime.</p>
+
+<p>The problem might bite those who have machines that started their lives as WindowsNT
+boxes. The ARC or AlphaBIOS knows about <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">other</i></span> adapter types that it can boot from than the SRM. For
+example you can boot from an Adaptec 2940UW with ARC/AlphaBios but (generally) not with
+SRM. Some newer machine types have introduced Adaptec boot support. Please consult the
+machine specific section for details.</p>
+
+<p>Most adapters that cannot be booted from work fine for data-only disks. The
+differences between SRM and ARC could also get you pre-packaged IDE CDROMs and hard
+drives in some (former WindowsNT) systems. SRM versions exist (depends on the machine
+type) that can boot from IDE disks and CDROMs. Check the machine specific section for
+details.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD 4.0 and later can be booted from the distribution CDROM. Earlier versions
+needed booting from a 2 disk floppy set.</p>
+
+<p>In order to be bootable the root partition (partition a) must be at offset 0 of the
+disk drive. This means you have to use the installer's partitioning menu and start with
+assigning partition a at offset 0 to the root partition. Subsequently layout the rest of
+the partitions to your liking. If you do not adhere to this rule the install will proceed
+just fine, but the system will not be bootable from the freshly installed disk.</p>
+
+<p>If you don't have/want a local disk drive you can boot via the Ethernet. This assumes
+an Ethernet adapter/chip that is recognized by the SRM console. Generally speaking this
+boils down to either a 21040 or 21142 or 21143 based Ethernet interface. Older machines
+or SRM versions may not recognize the 21142 / 21143 Fast Ethernet chips, you are then
+limited to using 10Mbit Ethernet for net booting those machines. Non-DEC cards based on
+said chips will generally (but are not guaranteed to) work. Note that Intel took over the
+21x4x chips when it bought Digital Semiconductor. So you might see an Intel logo on them
+these days. Recent machine designs have SRM support for Intel 8255x Ethernet chips.</p>
+
+<p>Alpha machines can be run with SRM on a graphics console or on a serial console. ARC
+can also be run on a serial consoles if need be. VT100 emulation with 8 bit controls
+should at least allow you to switch from ARC/AlphaBIOS to SRM mode without having to
+install a graphics card first.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to run your Alpha machine without a monitor/graphics card just don't
+connect a keyboard/mouse to the machine. Instead hook up a serial terminal[emulator] to
+serial port #1. The SRM will talk 9600N81 to you. This can also be really practical for
+debugging purposes. Beware: some/most (?) SRMs will also present you with a console
+prompt at serial port #2. The booting kernel, however, will display the boot messages on
+serial port #1 and will also put the console there. <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">This can be extremely confusing.</i></span></p>
+
+<p>Most PCI based Alphas can use ordinary PC-type VGA cards. The SRM contains enough
+smarts to make that work. It does not, however, mean that each and every PCI VGA card out
+on the street will work in an Alpha machine. Things like S3 Trio64, Mach64, and Matrox
+Millennium generally work. Old ET4000 based ISA cards have also worked for me. But ask
+around first before buying.</p>
+
+<p>Most PCI devices from the PC-world will also work in FreeBSD PCI-based machines. Check
+the <tt class="FILENAME">/sys/alpha/conf/GENERIC</tt> file for the latest word on this.
+Check the appropriate machine type's discussion in case you want to use PCI cards that
+have PCI bridge chips on them. In some cases you might encounter problems with PCI cards
+not handling PCI parity correctly. This can lead to panics. PCI parity checking can be
+disabled using the following SRM command:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET PCI_PARITY OFF</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>This is not a FreeBSD problem, all operating systems running on Alpha hardware will
+need this workaround.</p>
+
+<p>If your system (also) contains EISA expansion slots you will need to run the EISA
+Configuration Utility (ECU) after you have installed EISA cards or after you have
+upgraded your console firmware.</p>
+
+<p>For Alpha CPUs you will find multiple generations. The original Alpha design is the
+21064. It was produced in a chip process called MOS4, chips made in this process are
+nicknamed EV4. Newer CPUs are 21164, 21264 etc. You will see designations like EV4S,
+EV45, EV5, EV56, EV6, EV67, EV68. The EVs with double digit numbers are slightly improved
+versions. For example EV45 has an improved FPU and 16 kByte on-chip separate I &amp; D
+caches compared to the EV4 on which it is based. Rule of thumb: the higher the digit
+immediately following ``EV'' the more desirable (read: faster / more modern).</p>
+
+<p>For memory you want at least 32 Mbytes. I have had FreeBSD run on a 16 Mbyte system
+but you will not enjoy that. Kernel build times halved when I went to 32 Mbytes. Note
+that the SRM console steals 2Mbyte from the total system memory (and keeps it). For more
+serious work 64 Mbytes or more are recommended.</p>
+
+<p>While on the subject of memory: pay close attention to the type of memory your machine
+uses. There are very different memory configurations and requirements for the various
+machines.</p>
+
+<p>Final word: I expect the above to sound a bit daunting to the first-time Alpha user.
+Don't be daunted too much. And do feel free to ask questions if something is not clear
+after reading this document.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN105" name="AEN105">2.3. System-specific information</a></h3>
+
+<p>Below is an overview of the hardware that FreeBSD runs on. This list will definitely
+grow, a look in <tt class="FILENAME">/sys/alpha/conf/GENERIC</tt> can be
+enlightening.</p>
+
+<p>Alpha machines are often best known by their project code name. Where known these are
+listed below in parentheses.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN110" name="AEN110">2.3.1. AXPpci33 (``NoName'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The NoName is a baby-AT mainboard based on the 21066 LCA (Low Cost Alpha) processor.
+NoName was originally designed for OEM-use. The LCA chip includes almost all of the logic
+to drive a PCI bus and the memory subsystem. All of this makes for a low-priced
+design.</p>
+
+<p>Due to the limited memory interface the system is not particularly fast in case of
+cache misses. As long as you stay inside the on-chip cache the CPU is comparable to a
+21064 (first generation Alpha). These boards should be very cheap to obtain these days.
+It is a full-fledged 64 bit CPU, just don't expect miracles as far as speed goes.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21066 Alpha CPU at 166 MHz or 21066A CPU at 233MHz. 21068 CPUs are also possible, but
+are even slower.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 0, 256k or 1 Mbyte (uses DIL chips)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port OR 5pin DIN keyboard (2 mainboard models)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>bus width: 64 bits</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style 72 pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>70ns or better</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in pairs of 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>4 SIMM sockets</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>512kB Flash ROM for the console code.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 embedded IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3 32 bit PCI slots (1 shared with ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>5 ISA slots (1 shared with PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Fast SCSI using a Symbios 53C810 chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>NoNames can either have SRM <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">or</i></span>
+ARC console firmware in their Flash ROM. The Flash ROM is not big enough to hold both ARC
+and SRM at the same time and allow software selection of alternate console code. But you
+only need SRM anyway.</p>
+
+<p>Cache for the NoNames are 15 or 20 ns DIL chips. For a 256 kByte cache you want to
+check your junked 486 mainboard. Chips for a 1 Mbyte cache are a rarer breed
+unfortunately. Getting at least a 256kByte cache is recommended performance wise.
+Cache-less they are really slow.</p>
+
+<p>The NoName mainboard has a PC/AT-standard power connector. It also has a power
+connector for 3.3 Volts. No need to rush out to get a new power supply. The 3.3 Volts is
+only needed in case you run 3.3 Volts PCI expansion boards. These are quite rare.</p>
+
+<p>The IDE interface is supported by FreeBSD and requires a line in the kernel
+configuration file as follows:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device ata
+</pre>
+
+<p>The ATA interface uses irq 14.</p>
+
+<p>The SRM console unfortunately <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">cannot
+boot</i></span> from IDE disks. This means you will have to use a SCSI disk as the boot
+device.</p>
+
+<p>The NoName is somewhat stubborn when it comes to serial consoles. It needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt; <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE SERIAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>before it goes for a serial console. Pulling the keyboard from the machine is not
+sufficient, like it is on most other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical console
+needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt; <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>at the serial console.</p>
+
+<p>There have been reports that you sometimes need to press <b
+class="KEYCAP">Control</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Del</b> to capture
+the SRM's attention. I have never seen this myself, but it is worth trying if you are
+greeted by a blank screen after powerup.</p>
+
+<p>Make sure you use true 36 bit SIMMs, and only FPM (Fast Page Mode) DRAM. EDO DRAM or
+SIMMs with fake parity <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">will not
+work</i></span>. The board uses the 4 extra bits for ECC. 33 bit FPM SIMMs will for the
+same reason not work.</p>
+
+<p>Given the choice, get the PS/2-variant mainboard. Apart from giving you a mouse port
+as bonus it is directly supported by Tru64 Unix in case you ever want or need to run it.
+The ``DIN-plug''-variant should work OK for FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/axppci/design_guide.ps" target="_top">OEM
+manual</a> is recommended reading.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel configuration file for a NoName kernel must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_AXPPCI_33           
+cpu EV4
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN185" name="AEN185">2.3.2. Universal Desktop Box (UDB or
+``Multia'')</a></h4>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Multia can be either Intel or Alpha CPU based. We assume Alpha based
+ones here for obvious reasons.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Multia is a small desktop box intended as a sort of personal workstation. They come in
+a considerable number of variations, check closely what you get.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21066 Alpha CPU at 166 MHz or 21066A CPU at 233MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: COAST-like 256 kByte cache module; 233MHz models have
+512kByte of cache; 166MHz models have soldered-on 256kB caches</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>bus width: 64 bits</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style 72 pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>70ns or better</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIMMs are installed in pairs of 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>4 SIMM sockets</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 embedded 21040 based 10Mbit Ethernet, AUI and 10base2 connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>1 32 bit PCI slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 PCMCIA slots</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Crystal CS4231 or AD1848 sound chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Fast SCSI, using a Symbios 53C810[A] chip on the PCI riser card</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Multia has enough Flash ROM to store both SRM and ARC code at the same time and allow
+software selection of one of them.</p>
+
+<p>The embeded TGA video adapter is <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> currently usable as a FreeBSD console. You will need to
+use a serial console.</p>
+
+<p>Multia has only one 32 bit PCI slot for expansion, and it is only suitable for a small
+form factor PCI card. By sacrificing the PCI slot space you can mount a 3.5&quot; hard
+disk drive. Mounting stuff may have come with your Multia. Adding a 3.5&quot; disk is
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> a recommended upgrade due to
+the limited power rating of the power supply and the extremely marginal cooling of the
+system box.</p>
+
+<p>Multia also has 2 PCMCIA expansion slots. These are currently not supported by
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>The CPU might or might not be socketed, check this before considering CPU upgrade
+hacks. The low-end Multias have a soldered-in CPU.</p>
+
+<p>Multia has 2 serial ports but routes both of them to the outside world on a single 25
+pin sub-D connector. The Multia FAQ explains how to build your own Y-cable to allow both
+ports to be used.</p>
+
+<p>Although the Multia SRM supports booting from floppy this can be problematic.
+Typically the errors look like:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+*** Soft Error - Error #10 - FDC: Data overrun or underrun
+</pre>
+
+<p>This is not a FreeBSD problem, it is a SRM problem. The best available workaround to
+install FreeBSD is to boot from a SCSI CDROM.</p>
+
+<p>There have been reports that you sometimes need to press <b
+class="KEYCAP">Control</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Del</b> to capture
+the SRM's attention. I have never seen this myself, but it is worth trying when you are
+greeted by a blank screen after powerup.</p>
+
+<p>Sound works fine using <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+and a line in the kernel configuration file as follows for the Crystal CS4231 chip:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device pcm
+</pre>
+
+<p>The sound device lives at port 0x530, and uses irq 9 along with drq 3. You also need
+to specify flags 0x15 in the <tt class="FILENAME">device.hints</tt> file.</p>
+
+<p>I have not yet been successful in getting my Multia with the AD1848 to play any
+sound.</p>
+
+<p>While verifying playback I was reminded of the lack of CPU power of the 166MHz CPU.
+MP3 only plays acceptable using 22kHz down-sampling.</p>
+
+<p>Multias are somewhat notorious for dying of heat strokes. The very compact box does
+not really allow access to cooling air. Please use the Multia on its vertical stand,
+don't put it horizontally (``pizza style''). Replacing the fan with something which
+pushes around more air is really recommended. You can also cut one of the wires to the
+fan speed sensor. Once cut, the fan runs at a (loud) full speed. Beware of PCI cards with
+high power consumption. If your system has died you might want to check the
+Multia-Heat-Death pages at the <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/" target="_top">NetBSD Web
+site</a> for help in reviving it.</p>
+
+<p>The Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge enables the use of an IDE disk. This requires a
+line in the kernel configuration file as follows:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device ata
+</pre>
+
+<p>The ATA interface uses IRQ 14.</p>
+
+<p>The IDE connector pin spacing is thought for 2.5&quot; laptop disks. A 3.5&quot; IDE
+disk would not fit in the case anyway. At least not without sacrificing your only PCI
+slot. The SRM console unfortunately does not know how to boot from IDE disks. You will
+need to use a SCSI disk as the boot disk.</p>
+
+<p>In case you want to change the internal hard drive: the internal flat cable running
+from the PCI riser board to the <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">2.5&quot;</i></span> hard drive has a finer pitch than the standard SCSI
+flat cables. Otherwise it would not fit on the 2.5&quot; drives. There are also riser
+cards that have a standard-pitch SCSI cable attached to it, which will fit an ordinary
+SCSI disk.</p>
+
+<p>Again, I recommend against trying to cram a replacement hard disk inside. Use the
+external SCSI connector and put your disk in an external enclosure. Multias run hot
+enough as-is. In most cases you will have the external high density 50-pin SCSI connector
+but some Multia models came without disk and may lack the connector. Something to check
+before buying one.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel configuration file for a Multia kernel must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_AXPPCI_33
+cpu EV4
+</pre>
+
+<p>Recommended reading on Multia can be found at <a
+href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/alpha/multiafaq.html"
+target="_top">http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/alpha/multiafaq.html</a> or <a
+href="http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/computers/udb.html"
+target="_top">http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/computers/udb.html</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN274" name="AEN274">2.3.3. Personal Workstation
+(``Miata'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The Miata is a small tower machine intended to be put under a desk. There are multiple
+Miata variants. The original Miata is the MX5 model. Because it suffers from a number of
+hardware design flaws a redesign was done, yielding the MiataGL. Unfortunately the
+variants are not easily distinguishable at first sight from the outside of the case. An
+easy check is to see if the back of the machine sports two USB connectors. If yes, it is
+a MiataGL. MX5 models tend to be more common in the used system market place.</p>
+
+<p>System designations look like ``Personal Workstation 433a''. Personal Workstation,
+being a bit of a mouthful, is often abbreviated to PWS. This means it has a 433 MHz CPU,
+and started life as a WinNT workstation (the trailing ``a''). Systems designated from day
+1 to run Tru64 Unix or OpenVMS will sport ``433au''. WinNT-Miatas are likely to come
+pre-configured with an IDE CDROM drive. So, in general systems are named like
+PWS[433,500,600]a[u].</p>
+
+<p>There was also a Miata model with a special CPU cooling system by Kryotech. The
+Kryotech has a special cooling system and is housed in a different enclosure.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164A EV56 Alpha CPU at 433, 500 or 600MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21174 core logic (``Pyxis'') chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L3 cache: 0, 2 or 4 Mbytes (uses a cache module)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>bus width: 128 bits wide, ECC protected</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>unbuffered 72 bit wide SDRAMs DIMMs, installed in pairs of 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>6 DIMM sockets</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>maximum memory 1.5 GBytes</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Fast Ethernet:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MX5 uses a 21142 or 21143 Ethernet chip, dependent on the version of the PCI riser
+card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MiataGL has a 21143 chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>the bulkhead can be 10/100 Mbit UTP, or 10 Mbit UTP/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 on-board [E]IDE disk interfaces, based on the CMD646 (MX5) or the Cypress 82C693
+(MiataGL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 Ultra-Wide SCSI Qlogic 1040 [MiataGL only]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 64-bit PCI slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 32-bit PCI slots (behind a DEC PCI-PCI bridge chip)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 ISA slots (physically shared with the 32 bit PCI slots, via an Intel 82378IB PCI to
+ISA bridge chip)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB interface [MiataGL only]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded sound based on an ESS1888 chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The Miata logic is divided into two printed circuit boards. The lower board in the
+bottom of the machine has the PCI and ISA slots and things like the sound chip etc. The
+top board has the CPU, the Pyxis chip, memory etc. Note that MX5 and the MiataGL use a
+different PCI riser board. This means that you cannot just upgrade to a MiataGL CPU board
+(with the newer Pyxis chip) but that you will also need a different riser board.
+Apparently an MX5 riser with a MiataGL CPU board will work but it is definitely not a
+supported or tested configuration. Everything else (cabinet, wiring, etc.) is identical
+for MX5 and MiataGL.</p>
+
+<p>MX5 has problems with DMA via the 2 64-bit PCI slots when this DMA crosses a page
+boundary. The 32 bit slots don't have this problem because the PCI-PCI bridge chip does
+not allow the offending transfers. The SRM code knows about the problem and refuses to
+start the system if there is a PCI card in one of the 64bit slots that it does not know
+about. Cards that are ``known good'' to the SRM are allowed to be used in the 64bit
+slots.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to fool the SRM you can type <kbd class="USERINPUT">set
+pci_device_override</kbd> at the SRM prompt. Just don't complain if your data
+mysteriously gets mangled.</p>
+
+<p>The complete command is:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">&lt;vendor_id&gt;</var><var
+class="REPLACEABLE">&lt;device_id&gt;</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>For example:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE 88c15333</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>The most radical approach is to use:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE -1</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>This disables PCI ID checking altogether, so that you can install any PCI card without
+its ID getting checked. For this to work you need a reasonable current SRM version.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Do this on your own risk..</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The FreeBSD kernel reports it when it sees a buggy Pyxis chip:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: Pyxis, pass 1
+Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: extended capabilities: 1&lt;BWEN&gt;
+Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: WARNING: Pyxis pass 1 DMA bug; no bets...
+</pre>
+
+<p>A MiataGL probes as:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+Jan  3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: cia0: Pyxis, pass 1
+Jan  3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: cia0: extended capabilities: 1&lt;BWEN&gt;
+Jan  3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: pcib0: &lt;2117x PCI host bus adapter&gt; on cia0
+</pre>
+
+<p>MiataGL does not have the DMA problems of the MX5. PCI cards that make the MX5 SRM
+choke when installed in the 64bit slots are accepted without problems by the MiataGL
+SRM.</p>
+
+<p>The latest mainboard revisions of MX5 contain a hardware workaround for the bug. The
+SRM does not know about the ECO and will complain about unknown cards as before. So does
+the FreeBSD kernel by the way.</p>
+
+<p>The Miata SRM can boot from IDE CDROM drives. IDE hard disk boot is known to work for
+both MiataGL and MX5 disks, so you can root FreeBSD from an IDE disk. Speeds on MX5 are
+around 14 Mbytes/sec assuming a suitable drive. Miata's CMD646 chip will support up to
+WDMA2 mode as the chip is too buggy for use with UDMA.</p>
+
+<p>Miata MX5s generally use Qlogic 1040 based SCSI adapters. These are bootable by the
+SRM console. Note that Adaptec cards are <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> bootable by the Miata SRM console.</p>
+
+<p>The MiataGL has a faster PCI-PCI bridge chip on the PCI riser card than some of the
+MX5 riser card versions. Some of the MX5 risers have the <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">same</i></span> chip as the MiataGL. All in all there is a lot of
+variation.</p>
+
+<p>Not all VGA cards will work behind the PCI-PCI bridge. This manifests itself as no
+video at all. Workaround is to put the VGA card ``before'' the bridge, in one of the 64
+bit PCI slots. Graphics performance using a 64 bit slot is generally substantially
+better.</p>
+
+<p>Both MX5 and MiataGL have an on-board sound chip, an ESS1888. It emulates a
+SoundBlaster and can be enabled by putting</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device pcm
+device  sbc
+</pre>
+
+<p>in your kernel configuration file:</p>
+
+<p>in case your Miata has the optional cache board installed make sure it is firmly
+seated. A slightly loose cache has been observed to cause weird crashes (not surprising
+obviously, but maybe not so obvious when troubleshooting). The cache module is identical
+between MX5 and MiataGL.</p>
+
+<p>Installing a 2Mb cache module achieves, apart from a 10-15% speed increase (based on
+buildworld elapsed time), a <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">decrease</i></span> for PCI DMA read bandwidth from 64bit PCI cards. A
+benchmark on a 64-bit Myrinet card resulted in a decrease from 149 Mbytes/sec to 115
+Mbytes/sec. Something to keep in mind when doing really high speed things with 64 bit PCI
+adapters.</p>
+
+<p>Although the hardware allows you to install up to 1.5Gbyte of memory, FreeBSD is
+limited to 1Gbyte because the DMA code does not correctly handle memory above 1Gbyte.</p>
+
+<p>Moving to a faster CPU is quite simple, swap out the CPU chip and set the clock
+multiplier dipswitch to the speed of the new CPU.</p>
+
+<p>If you experience SRM errors like</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERROR: scancode 0xa3 not supported on PCXAL
+</pre>
+
+<p>after halting FreeBSD you should update your SRM firmware to V7.2-1 or later. This SRM
+version is first available on the Firmware Update CD V5.7, or on <a
+href="http://www.compaq.com/" target="_top">http://www.compaq.com/</a> This SRM problem
+is fixed on both Miata MX5 and Miata GL.</p>
+
+<p>USB is supported by FreeBSD 4.1 and later.</p>
+
+<p>Disconnect the power cord before dismantling the machine, the soft-power switch keeps
+part of the logic powered <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">even</i></span> when
+the machine is switched off.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel configuration file for a Miata kernel must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST550               
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN384" name="AEN384">2.3.4. Evaluation Board 64 family</a></h4>
+
+<p>In its attempts to popularize the Alpha CPU DEC produced a number of so called
+Evaluation Boards. Members of this family are EB64, EB64+, AlphaPC64 (codename
+``Cabriolet''). A non-DEC member of this family is the Aspen Alpine. The EB64 family of
+evaluation boards has the following feature set:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21064 or 21064A CPU, 150 to 275 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>memory buswidth: 128 bit</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style 72 pin 33 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>70ns or better</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in sets of 4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>8 SIMM sockets</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses parity memory</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bcache / L2 cache: 0, 512 kByte, 1 Mbyte or 2 Mbytes</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21072 (``APECS'') chip set</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge chip (``Saturn'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>dual 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>parallel printer port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios 53C810 Fast-SCSI (not on AlphaPC64)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IDE interface (only on AlphaPC64)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded 10 Mbit Ethernet (not on AlphaPC64)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 PCI slots (4 slots on AlphaPC64)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 ISA slots</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Aspen Alpine is slightly different, but is close enough to the EB64+ to run an EB64+
+SRM EPROM (mine did..). The Aspen Alpine does not have an embedded Ethernet, has 3
+instead of 2 PCI slots. It comes with 2 Mbytes of cache already soldered onto the
+mainboard. It has jumpers to select the use of 60, 70 or 80ns SIMM speeds.</p>
+
+<p>36 bits SIMMs work fine, 3 bits simply remain unused. Note the systems use Fast Page
+Mode memory, not EDO memory.</p>
+
+<p>The EB64+ SRM console code is housed in an UV-erasable EPROM. No easy flash SRM
+upgrades for the EB64+ The latest SRM version available for EB64+ is quite ancient
+anyway.</p>
+
+<p>The EB64+ SRM can boot both 53C810 and Qlogic1040 SCSI adapters. Pitfall for the
+Qlogic is that the firmware that is down-loaded by the SRM onto the Qlogic chip is very
+old. There are no updates for the EB64+ SRM available. So you are stuck with old Qlogic
+bits too. I have had quite some problems when I wanted to use Ultra-SCSI drives on the
+Alpine with Qlogic. The FreeBSD kernel can be compiled to include a much newer Qlogic
+firmware revision. This is not the default because it adds hundreds of kBytes worth of
+bloat to the kernel. In FreeBSD 4.1 and later the isp firmware is contained in a kernel
+loadable module. All of this might mean that you need to use a non-Qlogic adapter to boot
+from.</p>
+
+<p>AlphaPC64 boards generally come with ARC console firmware. SRM console code can be
+loaded from floppy into the Flash ROM.</p>
+
+<p>The IDE interface of the AlphaPC64 is not bootable from the SRM console. Enabling it
+requires the following line in the kernel configuration file:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device ata
+</pre>
+
+<p>The ATA interface uses irq 14.</p>
+
+<p>Note that the boards require a power supply that supplies 3.3 Volts for the CPU.</p>
+
+<p>For the EB64 family machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_EB64PLUS            
+cpu EV4
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN439" name="AEN439">2.3.5. Evaluation Board 164 (``EB164,
+PC164, PC164LX, PC164SX'') family</a></h4>
+
+<p>EB164 is a newer design evaluation board, based on the 21164A CPU. This design has
+been used to ``spin off'' multiple variations, some of which are used by OEM
+manufacturers/assembly shops. Samsung did its own PC164LX which has only 32 bit PCI,
+whereas the Digital variant has 64 bit PCI.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164A, multiple speed variants [EB164, PC164, PC164LX]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21164PC [only on PC164SX]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21171 (Alcor) chip set [EB164]</p>
+
+<p>21172 (Alcor2) chip set [PC164]</p>
+
+<p>21174 (Pyxis) chip [164LX, 164SX]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bcache / L3 cache: EB164 uses special cache-SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bit / 256 bit</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style SIMMs in sets of 4 or 8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>36 bit, Fast Page Mode, uses ECC, [EB164 / PC164]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SDRAM DIMMs in sets of 2, non-ECC or ECC can be used [PC164SX]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SDRAM DIMMs in sets of 2, uses ECC [PC164LX]</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>32 bits PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>64 bits PCI [some models]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISA slots via an Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Using 8 SIMMs for a 256bit wide memory can yield interesting speedups over a 4
+SIMM/128bit wide memory. Obviously all 8 SIMMs must be of the same type to make this
+work. The system must be explicitly setup to use the 8 SIMM memory arrangement. You must
+have 8 SIMMs, 4 SIMMs distributed over 2 banks will not work. For the AlphaPC164 you can
+have a maximum of 1Gbyte of RAM, using 8 128Mbyte SIMMs. The manual indicates the maximum
+is 512 Mbyte.</p>
+
+<p>The SRM can boot from Qlogic 10xx boards or the Symbios 53C810[A]. Newer Symbios 810
+revisions like the Symbios 810AE are not recognized by the SRM on PC164. PC164 SRM does
+not appear to recognize a Symbios 53C895 based host adapter (tested with a Tekram
+DC-390U2W). On the other hand some no-name Symbios 53C985 board has been reported to
+work. Cards like the Tekram DC-390F (Symbios875 based) have been confirmed to work fine
+on the PC164. Unfortunately this seems to be dependent on the actual version of the
+chip/board.</p>
+
+<p>Symbios 53C825[a] will also work as boot adapter. Diamond FirePort, although based on
+Symbios chips, is not bootable by the PC164SX SRM. PC164SX is reported to boot fine with
+Symbios825, Symbios875, Symbios895 and Symbios876 based cards. In addition, Adaptec 2940U
+and 2940UW are reported to work for booting (verified on SRM V5.7-1). Adaptec 2930U2 and
+2940U2[W] do not work.</p>
+
+<p>164LX and 164SX with SRM firmware version 5.8 or later can boot from Adaptec
+2940-series adapters. A test with an Adaptec 3940UW showed that that one is not supported
+however. 164SX SRM recognises Intel 8255x Ethernet cards which show up as eia. Using such
+a NIC allows network booting.</p>
+
+<p>In summary: this family of machines is ``blessed'' with a challenging compatibility as
+far as SCSI adapters go.</p>
+
+<p>On 164SX you can have a maximum of 1 Gbyte of RAM. 4 regular (PC100 or PC133) 256MB
+DIMMs are reported to work just fine. Whether 512MB DIMMs will also work is currently
+unknown. You can use ECC or non-ECC DIMMs. The non-ECC ones are the same as commonly
+found in PCs. Unfortunately the 164SX is quite picky on which DIMMs it likes, so be
+prepared to test and experiment.</p>
+
+<p>PCI bridge chips are sometimes not appreciated by the 164SX, they cause SRM errors and
+kernel panics in those cases. This seems to depend on the fact if the card is recognised,
+and therefore correctly initialised, by the SRM console. The 164SX' onboard IDE interface
+is quite slow, a Promise card gives a 3-4 times speed improvement.</p>
+
+<p>On PC164 the SRM sometimes seems to lose its variable settings. ``For PC164, current
+superstition says that, to avoid losing settings, you want to first downgrade to SRM 4.x
+and then upgrade to 5.x.'' One sample error that was observed was:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERROR: ISA table corrupt!
+</pre>
+
+<p>A sequence of a downgrade to SRM4.9, an</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ISACFG -INIT</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>followed by</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">INIT</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>made the problem go away. Some PC164 owners report they have never seen the
+problem.</p>
+
+<p>On PC164SX the AlphaBIOS allows you a selection to select SRM to be used as console on
+the next power up. This selection does not appear to have any effect. In other words, you
+will get the AlphaBIOS regardless of what you select. The fix is to reflash the console
+ROM with the SRM code for PC164SX. This will overwrite the AlphaBIOS and will get you the
+SRM console you desire. The SRM code can be found on the Compaq Web site.</p>
+
+<p>164LX can either have the SRM console code or the AlphaBIOS code in its flash ROM
+because the flash ROM is too small to hold both at the same time.</p>
+
+<p>PC164 can boot from IDE disks assuming your SRM version is recent enough.</p>
+
+<p>EB164 needs a power supply that supplies 3.3 Volts. PC164 does not implement the PS_ON
+signal that ATX power supplies need to switch on. A simple switch pulling this signal to
+ground allows you to run a standard ATX power supply.</p>
+
+<p>For the EB164 class machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options         DEC_EB164
+cpu             EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN508" name="AEN508">2.3.6. AlphaStation 200 (``Mustang'') and
+400 (``Avanti'') series</a></h4>
+
+<p>The Digital AlphaStation 200 and 400 series systems are early low end PCI based
+workstations. The 200 and 250 series are desktop boxes, the 400 series is a desk-side
+mini-tower.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21064 or 21064A CPU at speeds of 166 up to 333 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DECchip 21071-AA core logic chip set</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bcache / L2 cache: 512 Kbytes (200 and 400 series) or 2048KBytes (250 series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>64 bit bus width</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>8 to 384 MBytes of RAM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>70 ns or better Fast Page DRAM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>in three pairs (200 and 400 series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>in two quads, so banks of four. (250 series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>the memory subsystem uses parity</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard and mouse port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>two 16550 serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy disk interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>32 bit PCI expansion slots (3 for the AS400-series, 2 for the AS200 &#38;
+250-series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISA expansion slots (4 for the AS400-series, 2 for the AS200 &#38; 250-series) (some
+ISA/PCI slots are physically shared)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded 21040-based Ethernet (200 &#38; 250 series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Symbios 53c810 Fast SCSI-2 chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82378IB (``Saturn'') PCI-ISA bridge chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>graphics is embedded TGA or PCI VGA (model dependent)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16 bit sound (on 200 &#38; 250 series)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The systems use parity memory SIMMs, but these do not need 36 bit wide SIMMs. 33 bit
+wide SIMMs are sufficient, 36 bit SIMMs are acceptable too. EDO or 32 bit SIMMs will not
+work. 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 Mbyte SIMMs are supported.</p>
+
+<p>The AS200 &#38; AS250 sound hardware is reported to work OK assuming you have the
+following line in your kernel config file:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device pcm
+</pre>
+
+<p>The sound device uses port 0x530, IRQ 10 and drq 0. You also need to specify flags
+0x10011 in the <tt class="FILENAME">device.hints</tt> file.</p>
+
+<p>AlphaStation 200 &#38; 250 series have an automatic SCSI terminator. This means that
+as soon as you plug a cable onto the external SCSI connector the internal terminator of
+the system is disabled. It also means that you should not leave unterminated cables
+plugged into the machine.</p>
+
+<p>AlphaStation 400 series have an SRM variable that controls termination. In case you
+have external SCSI devices connected you must set this SRM variable using</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET CONTROL_SCSI_TERM EXTERNAL</kbd>.
+</pre>
+
+<p>If only internal SCSI devices are present use:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET CONTROL_SCSI_TERM INTERNAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>For the AlphaStation-[24][05]00 machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_2100_A50
+cpu EV4
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN575" name="AEN575">2.3.7. AlphaStation 500 and 600 (``Alcor''
+&#38; ``Maverick'' for EV5, ``Bret'' for EV56)</a></h4>
+
+<p>AS500 and 600 were the high-end EV5 / PCI based workstations. EV6 based machines have
+in the meantime taken their place as front runners. AS500 is a desktop in a dark blue
+case (TopGun blue), AS600 is a sturdy desk-side box. AS600 has a nice LCD panel to
+observe the early stages of SRM startup.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164 EV5 CPU at 266, 300, 333, 366, 400, 433, 466, or 500 MHz (AS500) or at 266, 300
+or 333 MHz (AS600)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21171 (Alcor) or 21172 (Alcor2) core logic chip set</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cache:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>2 or 4 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600 at 266 MHz)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>4 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600 at 300 MHz)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 or 8 Mb L3 / Bcache (8 Mb on 500 MHz version only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 to 16 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600; 3 cache-SIMM slots)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory buswidth: 256 bits</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS500 memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>industry standard 72 bit wide buffered Fast Page Mode DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>8 DIMM slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in sets of 4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>maximum memory is 1 GB (512 Mb max on 333 MHz CPUs)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS600 memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>industry standard 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>32 SIMM slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in sets of 8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>maximum memory is 1 GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020 based wide SCSI bus (1 bus/chip for AS500, 2 buses/chip for AS600)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21040 based 10 Mbit Ethernet adapter, both Thinwire and UTP connectors</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AS500:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3 32-bit PCI slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 64-bit PCI slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS600:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>2 32-bit PCI slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 64-bit PCI slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 PCI/EISA physically shared slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 EISA slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 PCI and 1 EISA slot are occupied by default</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21050 PCI-to-PCI bridge chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82375EB PCI-EISA bridge (AS600 only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16 bit audio Windows Sound System, in a dedicated slot (AS500) in EISA slot (AS600,
+this is an ISA card)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard and mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Early machines had Fast SCSI interfaces, later ones are Ultra SCSI capable. AS500
+shares its single SCSI bus with internal and external devices. For a Fast SCSI bus you
+are limited to 1.8 meters bus length external to the box. The AS500 Qlogic ISP1020A chip
+can be set to run in Ultra mode by setting a SRM variable. FreeBSD however follows the
+Qlogic chip errata and limits the bus speed to Fast.</p>
+
+<p>Beware of ancient SRM versions on AS500. When you see weird SCSI speeds being reported
+by FreeBSD like</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+cd0 at isp0 bus 0 target 4 lun 0
+cd0: &lt;DEC RRD45   DEC 0436&gt; Removable CD-ROM SCSI-2 device
+cd0: 250.000MB/s transfers (250.000MHz, offset 12)
+</pre>
+
+<p>it is time to do a SRM console firmware upgrade.</p>
+
+<p>AS600 has one Qlogic SCSI chip dedicated to the internal devices whereas the other
+Qlogic SCSI chip is dedicated to external SCSI devices.</p>
+
+<p>In AS500 DIMMs are installed in sets of 4, in ``physically interleaved'' layout. So, a
+bank of 4 DIMMs is <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> 4 physically
+adjacent DIMMs. Note that the DIMMs are <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> SDRAM DIMMs.</p>
+
+<p>In AS600 the memory SIMMs are placed onto two memory daughter cards. SIMMs are
+installed in sets of 8. Both memory daughter cards must be populated identically.</p>
+
+<p>Note that both AS500 and AS600 are EISA machines. This means you have to run the EISA
+Configuration Utility (ECU) from floppy after adding EISA cards or to change things like
+the configuration settings of the onboard I/O. For AS500 which does not have a physical
+EISA slot the ECU is used to configure the onboard sound interface etc.</p>
+
+<p>AS500 onboard sound can be used by adding a line like</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device pcm
+</pre>
+
+<p>to the kernel configuration file.</p>
+
+<p>Using the ECU I configured my AS500 to use IRQ 10, port 0x530, drq 0. Corresponding
+entries along with flags 0x10011 must go into the <tt class="FILENAME">device.hints</tt>
+file. Note that the flags value is rather non-standard.</p>
+
+<p>AS600 has a peculiarity for its PCI slots. AS600 (or rather the PCI expansion card
+containing the SCSI adapters) does not allow I/O port mapping, therefore all devices
+behind it must use memory mapping. If you have problems getting the Qlogic SCSI adapters
+to work, add the following option to <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.rc</tt>:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+set isp_mem_map=0xff
+</pre>
+
+<p>This may need to be typed at the boot loader prompt before booting the installation
+kernel.</p>
+
+<p>For the AlphaStation-[56]00 machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_KN20AA 
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN687" name="AEN687">2.3.8. AlphaServer 1000 (``Mikasa''),
+1000A (``Noritake'') and 800(``Corelle'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 1000 and 800 range of machines are intended as departmental servers.
+They come in quite some variations in packaging and mainboard/cpu. Generally speaking
+there are 21064 (EV4) CPU based machines and 21164 (EV5) based ones. The CPU is on a
+daughter card, and the type of CPU (EV4 or EV5) must match the mainboard in use.</p>
+
+<p>AlphaServer 800 has a much smaller mini tower case, it lacks the StorageWorks SCSI
+hot-plug chassis. The main difference between AS1000 and AS1000A is that AS1000A has 7
+PCI slots whereas AS1000 only has 3 PCI slots and has EISA slots instead.</p>
+
+<p>AS800 with an EV5/400 MHz CPU was later re-branded to become a ``DIGITAL Server
+3300[R]'', AS800 with an EV5/500 MHz CPU was later re-branded to become a ``DIGITAL
+Server 3305[R]''.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21064 EV4[5] CPU at 200, 233 or 266 MHz 21164 EV5[6] CPU at 300, 333 or 400 MHz (or
+500 MHz for AS800 only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>buswidth: 128 bit with ECC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS1000[A]:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>72pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs, 70ns or better</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16 (EV5 machines) or 20 (EV4 machines) SIMM slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>max memory is 1 GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS800: Uses 60ns 3.3 Volts EDO DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded VGA (on some mainboard models)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 PCI, 2 EISA, 1 64-bit PCI/EISA combo (AS800)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>7 PCI, 2 EISA (AS1000A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 PCI, 1 EISA/PCI, 7 EISA (AS1000)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded SCSI based on Symbios 810 [AS1000] or Qlogic 1020 [AS1000A]</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>AS1000 based machines come in multiple enclosure types. Floor standing, rack-mount,
+with or without StorageWorks SCSI chassis etc. The electronics are the same.</p>
+
+<p>AS1000-systems: All EV4 based machines use standard PS/2 style 36 bit 72pin SIMMs in
+sets of 5. The fifth SIMM is used for ECC. All EV5 based machines use standard PS/2 style
+36 bit 72pin SIMMs in sets of 4. The ECC is done based on the 4 extra bits per SIMM (4
+bits out of 36). The EV5 mainboards have 16 SIMM slots, the EV4 mainboards have 20
+slots.</p>
+
+<p>AS800 machines use DIMMs in sets of 4. DIMM installation must start in slots marked
+bank 0. A bank is four physically adjacent slots. The biggest size DIMMs must be
+installed in bank 0 in case 2 banks of different DIMM sizes are used. Max memory size is
+2GB. Note that these are EDO DIMMs.</p>
+
+<p>The AS1000/800 are somewhat stubborn when it comes to serial consoles. They need</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt; <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE SERIAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>before they go for a serial console. Pulling the keyboard from the machine is not
+sufficient, like it is on most other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical console
+needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt; <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>at the serial console.</p>
+
+<p>For AS800 you want to check if your Ultra-Wide SCSI is indeed in Ultra mode. This can
+be done using the <tt class="FILENAME">EEROMCFG.EXE</tt> utility that is on the Console
+Firmware Upgrade CDROM.</p>
+
+<p>For the AlphaServer1000/1000A/800 machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_1000A
+cpu EV4     # depends on the CPU model installed
+cpu EV5     # depends on the CPU model installed
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN743" name="AEN743">2.3.9. DS10/VS10/XP900 (``Webbrick'') /
+XP1000 (``Monet'') / DS10L (``Slate'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>Webbrick and Monet are high performance workstations/servers based on the EV6 CPU and
+the Tsunami chipset. Tsunami is also used in much higher-end systems and as such has
+plenty of performance to offer. DS10, VS10 and XP900 are different names for essentially
+the same system. The differences are the software and options that are supported. DS10L
+is a DS10 based machine in a 1U high rackmount enclosure. DS10L is intended for ISPs and
+for HPTC clusters (e.g. Beowulf)</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN749" name="AEN749">2.3.9.1. ``Webbrick / Slate''</a></h5>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 EV6 CPU at 466 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>L2 / Bcache: 2MB, ECC protected</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bit via crossbar, 1.3GB/sec memory bandwidth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>industry standard 200 pin 83 MHz buffered ECC SDRAM DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>4 DIMM slots for DS10; 2GB max memory</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 DIMM slots for DS10L; 1GB max memory</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DIMMs are installed in pairs of 2</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21271 Core Logic chipset (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 on-board 21143 Fast Ethernet controllers</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V) USB controller (disabled)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M1533 PCI-ISA bridge</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs Aladdin ATA-33 controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded dual EIDE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 3 64-bit PCI slots and 1 32-bit PCI slot. DS10L has a single 64bit PCI
+slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The system has a smart power controller. This means that parts of the system remain
+powered when it is switched off (like an ATX-style PC power supply). Before servicing the
+machine remove the power cord.</p>
+
+<p>The smart power controller is called the RMC. When enabled, typing <b
+class="KEYCAP">Escape</b><b class="KEYCAP">Escape</b>RMC on serial port 1 will bring you
+to the RMC prompt. RMC allows you to powerup or powerdown, reset the machine, monitor and
+set temperature trip levels etc. RMC has its own builtin help.</p>
+
+<p>Webbrick is shipped in a desktop-style case similar to the older 21164 ``Maverick''
+workstations but this case offers much better access to the components. If you intend to
+build a farm you can rackmount them in a 19-inch rack; they are 3U high. Slate is 1U high
+but has only one PCI slot.</p>
+
+<p>DS10 has 4 DIMM slots. DIMMs are installed as pairs. Please note that DIMM pairs are
+not installed in adjacent DIMM sockets but rather physically interleaved. DIMM sizes of
+32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 Mbytes are supported.</p>
+
+<p>When 2 pairs of identical-sized DIMMs are installed DS10 will use memory interleaving
+for increased performance. DS10L, which has only 2 DIMM slots cannot do interleaving.</p>
+
+<p>Starting with SRM firmware version 5.9 you can boot from Adaptec 2940-series adapters
+in addition to the usual set of Qlogic and Symbios/NCR adapters. KZPEA aka Adaptec 39160
+gives you dual channel LVD U160 SCSI which is bootable from SRM.</p>
+
+<p>The base model comes with a FUJITSU 9.5GB ATA disk as its boot device. FreeBSD works
+just fine using EIDE disks on Webbrick. DS10 has 2 IDE interfaces on the mainboard.
+Machines destined for Tru64 Unix or VMS are standard equipped with Qlogic-driven
+Ultra-SCSI disks</p>
+
+<p>On the PCI bus 32 and 64 bit cards are supported, in 3.3V and 5V variants.</p>
+
+<p>The USB ports are not supported and are disabled by the SRM console in all recent SRM
+versions.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600    
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no <var class="LITERAL">cpu
+EV6</var> defined for inclusion in the kernel config file. The <var class="LITERAL">cpu
+EV5</var> is mandatory to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN814" name="AEN814">2.3.9.2. ``Monet''</a></h5>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 EV6 at 500 MHz 21264 EV67 at 500 or 667 MHz (XP1000G, codenamed Brisbane) CPU is
+mounted on a daughter-card which is field-upgradable</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>L2 / Bcache: 4MB, ECC protected</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 256 bit</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 128 or 256 Mbytes 100 MHz (PC100) 168 pin JEDEC standard, registered ECC SDRAM
+DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21271 core logic chip set (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 on-board 21143 Ethernet controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cypress 82C693 USB controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cypress 82C693 PCI-ISA bridge</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cypress 82C693 controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 2 independent PCI buses, driven by high-speed I/O channels called
+``hoses'':</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>hose 0: (the upper 3 slots) 2 64-bit PCI slots 1 32-bit PCI slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>hose 1: (the bottom 2 slots) 2 32-bit PCI slots (behind a 21154 PCI-PCI bridge)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 of the 64-bit PCI slots are for full-length cards</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>all of the 32-bit PCI slots are for short cards</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 of the 32-bit PCI slots is physically shared with an ISA slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>all PCI slots run at 33MHz</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 Ultra-Wide SCSI port based on a Qlogic 1040 chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded 16-bit ESS ES1888 sound chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 USB ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>graphics options: ELSA Gloria Synergy or DEC/Compaq PowerStorm 3D accelerator
+cards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Monet is housed in a mini-tower like enclosure quite similar to the Miata box.</p>
+
+<p>The on-board Qlogic UW-SCSI chip supports up to 4 internal devices. There is no
+external connector for the on-board SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>For 500 MHz CPUs 83 MHz DIMMs will do. Compaq specifies PC100 DIMMs for all CPU
+speeds. DIMMs are installed in sets of 4, starting with the DIMM slots marked ``0''
+Memory capacity is max 4 GB. DIMMs are installed ``physically interleaved'', note the
+markings of the slots. Memory bandwidth of Monet is twice that of Webbrick. The DIMMs
+live on the CPU daughter-card. Note that the system uses ECC RAM so you need DIMMs with
+72 bits (not the generic PC-class 64 bit DIMMs)</p>
+
+<p>The EIDE interface is usable / SRM bootable so FreeBSD can be rooted on an EIDE disk.
+Although the Cypress chip has potential for 2 EIDE channels Monet uses only one of
+them.</p>
+
+<p>The USB interface is supported by FreeBSD.If you experience problems trying to use the
+USB interface please check if the SRM variable <var class="VARNAME">usb_enable</var> is
+set to <var class="LITERAL">on</var>. You can change this by performing:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET USB_ENABLE ON</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Don&quot;t try to use Symbios-chip based SCSI adapters in the PCI slots
+connected to hose 1. There is a not-yet-found FreeBSD bug that prevents this from working
+correctly.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Not all VGA cards will work behind the PCI-PCI bridge (so in slots 4 and
+5). Only cards that implement VGA-legacy addressing correctly will work. Workaround is to
+put the VGA card ``before'' the bridge.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The sound chip is not currently supported with FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600    
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no <var class="LITERAL">cpu
+EV6</var> defined for inclusion in the kernel config file. The <var class="LITERAL">cpu
+EV5</var> is mandatory to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN894" name="AEN894">2.3.10. DS20/DS20E (``Goldrush'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 EV6 CPU at 500 or 670 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>dual CPU capable machine</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>L2 / Bcache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: dual 256 bit wide with crossbar switch</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SDRAM DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in sets of 4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16 DIMM slots, max. 4GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21271 core logic chip set (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Adaptec ? Wide Ultra SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>2 independent PCI buses, driven by high-speed I/O channels called ``hoses''</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>6 64-bit PCI slots, 3 per hose</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ISA slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>DS20 needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE SERIAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>before it goes for a serial console. Pulling the keyboard from the machine is not
+sufficient. Going back to a graphical console needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>at the serial console. Confusing is the fact that you will get SRM console output on
+the graphics console with the console set to serial, but when FreeBSD boots it honors the
+<var class="LITERAL">CONSOLE</var> variable setting and all the boot messages as well as
+the login prompt will go to the serial port.</p>
+
+<p>The DS20 is housed in a fat cube-like enclosure. The enclosure also contains a
+StorageWorks SCSI hot-swap shelf for a maximum of seven 3.5&quot; SCSI devices. The DS20E
+is in a sleeker case, and lacks the StorageWorks shelf.</p>
+
+<p>The system has a smart power controller. This means that parts of the system remain
+powered when it is switched off (like an ATX-style PC power supply). Before servicing the
+machine remove the power cord(s).</p>
+
+<p>The smart power controller is called the RMC. When enabled, typing <b
+class="KEYCAP">Escape</b><b class="KEYCAP">Escape</b>RMC on serial port 1 will bring you
+to the RMC prompt. RMC allows you to powerup or powerdown, reset the machine, monitor and
+set temperature trip levels etc. RMC has its own builtin help.</p>
+
+<p>The embedded Adaptec SCSI chip on the DS20 is disabled and is therefore not usable
+under FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Starting with SRM firmware version 5.9 you can boot from Adaptec 2940-series adapters
+in addition to the usual set of Qlogic and Symbios/NCR adapters. This unfortunately does
+not include the embedded Adaptec SCSI chips. You can use a KZPEA aka Adaptec 39160 for
+dual channel LVD U160 SCSI, which is bootable from SRM.</p>
+
+<p>If you are using banks of DIMMs of different sizes the biggest DIMMs should be
+installed in the DIMM slots marked <var class="LITERAL">0</var> on the mainboard. The
+DIMM slots should be filled ``in order'' so after bank 0 install in bank 1 and so on.</p>
+
+<p>Don't try to use Symbios-chip based SCSI adapters in the PCI slots connected to hose
+1. There is a not-yet-found FreeBSD bug that prevents this from working correctly. DS20
+ships by default with a Symbios on hose 1 so you have to move this card before you can
+install/boot FreeBSD on it.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600    
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no <var class="LITERAL">cpu
+EV6</var> defined for inclusion in the kernel config file. The <var class="LITERAL">cpu
+EV5</var> is mandatory to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN963" name="AEN963">2.3.11. AlphaPC 264DP / UP2000</a></h4>
+
+<p>UP2000 was built by Alpha Processor Inc.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 EV6 CPU at 670 or 750 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>dual CPU capable</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>L2 / Bcache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 256 bit</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: SDRAM DIMMs installed in sets of 4, uses ECC, 16 DIMM slots, max. 4GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21272 core logic chip set (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 embedded Adaptec AIC7890/91 Wide Ultra2 SCSI chips</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 embedded IDE based on Cypress 82C693 chips</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded USB via Cypress 82C693</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>2 independent PCI buses, driven by high-speed I/O channels called ``hoses''</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>6 64-bit PCI slots, 3 per hose</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ISA slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Currently a maximum of 2GB memory is supported by FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>The on-board Adaptec SCSI HBAs are bootable on UP2000.</p>
+
+<p>Busmaster DMA is supported on the first IDE interface only. The system can boot from
+it's IDE hard drives and cdrom drives.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600    
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no <var class="LITERAL">cpu
+EV6</var> defined for inclusion in the kernel config file. The <var class="LITERAL">cpu
+EV5</var> is mandatory to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1009" name="AEN1009">2.3.12. AlphaServer 2000
+(``DemiSable''), 2100 (``Sable''), 2100A (``Lynx'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 2[01]00 machines are intended as departmental servers. This is medium
+iron. They are multi-CPU machines, up to 2 CPUs (AS2000) or 4 CPUs (2100[A]) can be
+installed. Both floor-standing and 19&quot; rackmount boxes exist. Rackmount variations
+have different numbers of I/O expansion slots, different max number of CPUs and different
+maximum memory size. Some of the boxes come with an integral StorageWorks shelf to house
+hot-swap SCSI disks. There was an upgrade program available to convert your Sable machine
+into a Lynx by swapping the I/O backplane (the C-bus backplane remains). CPU upgrades
+were available as well.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21064 EV4[5] CPU[s] at 200, 233, 275 MHz or 21164 EV5[6] CPU[s]s at 250, 300, 375, 400
+MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>cache: varies in size with the CPU model; 1, 4 or 8Mbyte per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded floppy controller driving a 2.88 Mbytes drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded 10Mbit 21040 Ethernet [AS2100 only]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The CPUs spec-ed as 200 MHz are in reality running at 190 MHz. Maximum number of CPUs
+is 4. All CPUs must be of the same type/speed.</p>
+
+<p>If any of the processors are ever marked as failed, they will remain marked as failed
+even after they have been replaced (or reseated) until you issue the command</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">CLEAR_ERROR ALL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>on the SRM console and power-cycle the machine. This may be true for other modules (IO
+and memory) as well, but it has not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>The machines use dedicated memory boards. These boards live on a 128 bit C-bus shared
+with the CPU boards. DemiSable supports up to 1GB, Sable up to 2GB. One of the memory bus
+slots can either hold a CPU or a memory card. A 4 CPU machine can have a maximum of 2
+memory boards.</p>
+
+<p>Some memory board models house SIMMs. These are called SIMM carriers. There are also
+memory modules that have soldered-on memory chips instead of SIMMs. These are called
+``flat memory modules''.</p>
+
+<p>SIMM boards are used in sets of eight 72-pin 36 bit FPM memory of 70ns or faster. SIMM
+types supported are 1M x36 bit (4 Mbyte), 2M x36bit (8 Mbyte) and 4M x36 bit (16 Mbyte).
+Each memory board can house 4 banks of SIMMs. SIMM sizes can not be mixed on a single
+memory board. The first memory module must be filled with SIMMs before starting to fill
+the next memory module. Note that the spacing between the slots is not that big, so make
+sure your SIMMs fit physically (before buying them..)</p>
+
+<p>Both Lynx and Sable are somewhat stubborn when it comes to serial consoles. They
+need</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE SERIAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>before they go for a serial console. Pulling the keyboard from the machine is not
+sufficient, like it is on many other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical console
+needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>at the serial console. On Lynx keep the VGA card in one of the primary PCI slots. EISA
+VGA cards are not slot sensitive.</p>
+
+<p>The machines are equipped with a small OCP (Operator Control Panel) LCD screen. On
+this screen the self-test messages are displayed during system initialization. You can
+put your own little text there by using the SRM:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET OCP_TEXT "FreeBSD"
+     </kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>The SRM</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SHOW FRU</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>command produces an overview of your configuration with module serial numbers,
+hardware revisions and error log counts.</p>
+
+<p>Both Sable, DemiSable and Lynx have Symbios 810 based Fast SCSI on-board. Check if it
+is set to Fast SCSI speed by</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SHOW PKA0_FAST</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>When set to 1 it is negotiating for Fast speeds.</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET PKA0_FAST 1</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>enables Fast SCSI speeds.</p>
+
+<p>AS2100[A] come equipped with a StorageWorks 7 slot SCSI cage. A second cage can be
+added inside the cabinet. AS2000 has a single 7 slot SCSI cage, which cannot be expanded
+with an additional one. Note that the slot locations in these cages map differently to
+SCSI IDs compared to the standard StorageWorks shelves. Slot IDs from top to bottom are
+0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3 when using a single bus configuration.</p>
+
+<p>The cage can also be set to provide two independent SCSI buses. This is used for
+embedded RAID controllers like the KZPSC (Mylex DAC960). Slot ID assignments for split
+bus are, from top to bottom: 0A, 0B, 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B. Where A and B signify a SCSI
+bus. In a single bus configuration the terminator module on the back of the SCSI cage is
+on the TOP. The jumper module is on the BOTTOM. For split bus operation these two modules
+are reversed. The terminator can be distinguished from the jumper by noting the chips on
+the terminator. The jumper does not have any active components on it.</p>
+
+<p>DemiSable has 7 EISA slots and 3 PCI slots. Sable has 8 EISA and 3 PCI slots. Lynx,
+being newer, has 8 PCI and 3 EISA slots. The Lynx PCI slots are grouped in sets of 4. The
+4 PCI slots closest to the CPU/memory slots are the primary slots, so logically before
+the PCI bridge chip. Note that contrary to expectation the primary PCI slots are the
+highest numbered ones (PCI4 - PCI7).</p>
+
+<p>Make sure you run the EISA Configuration Utility (from floppy) when adding/change
+expansion cards in EISA slots or after upgrading your console firmware. This is done by
+inserting the ECU floppy and typing</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">RUNECU</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> EISA slots are currently unsupported, but the Compaq Qvision EISA
+VGA adapter is treated as an ISA device. It therefore works OK as a console.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>A special Extended I/O module for use on the C-bus was planned-for. If they ever saw
+daylight is unknown. In any case FreeBSD has never been verified with an ExtIO
+module.</p>
+
+<p>The machines can be equipped with redundant power supplies. Note that the enclosure is
+equipped with interlock switches that switch off power when the enclosure is opened. The
+system's cooling fans are speed controlled. When the machine has more than 2 CPUs and
+more than 1 memory board dual power supplies are mandatory.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_2100_A500
+cpu EV4 #dependent on CPU model installed
+cpu EV5 #dependent on CPU model installed
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1080" name="AEN1080">2.3.13. AlphaServer 4x00
+(``Rawhide'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 4x00 machines are intended as small enterprise servers. Expect a
+30&quot; high pedestal cabinet or alternatively the same system box in a 19&quot; rack.
+Rawhides are multi-CPU machines, up to 4 CPUs can be in a single machine. Basic disk
+storage is housed in one or two StorageWorks shelves at the bottom of the pedestal. The
+Rawhides intended for the NT market are designated DIGITAL Server 7300 (5/400 CPU),
+DIGITAL Server 7305 (5/533 CPU). A trailing R on the part-number means a rackmount
+variant.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164 EV5 CPUs at 266, 300, 333 MHz or 21164A EV56 CPUs at 400, 466, 533, 600 Mhz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>cache: 4 Mbytes per CPU. EV5 300 MHz was also available cache-less. 8 Mbytes for EV56
+600Mhz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bit with ECC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded floppy controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Rawhide can be equipped with a variety of CPU modules. CPU modules exist in versions
+with and without external cache. In all cases the CPU modules installed always must be of
+the same speed. A mix of NT-only and full-blown Tru64/VMS CPUs works fine. It will
+however result in the system reporting itself to the operating system as a Digital Server
+730x (so the NT-only variant). FreeBSD does not care, but such a system will not allow
+Tru64 or VMS to run.</p>
+
+<p>Rawhide uses a maximum of 8 RAM modules. These modules are used in pairs and supply 72
+bits to the bus (this includes ECC bits). Memory can be EDO RAM or synchronous DRAM. A
+fully populated AS4100 has 4 pairs of memory modules. The AS4000 model is limited to 2
+pairs of memory modules. Given the choice use SDRAM for best performance. The highest
+capacity memory boards must be in the memory slots marked MEM0L and MEM0H. A mix of
+memory board sizes is allowed. A mix of EDO and SDRAM works as well (assuming you don't
+try to mix EDO and SDRAM in a single module pair). A mix of EDO and SDRAM results in the
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">entire</i></span> memory subsystem running at
+the slower EDO timing.</p>
+
+<p>Rawhide has an embedded Symbios 810 chip that gives you a narrow fast-SCSI bus.
+Generally only the SCSI CDROM is driven by this interface.</p>
+
+<p>Rawhides are available with a 8 64-bit PCI / 3 EISA slot expansion backplanes (called
+``Saddle'' modules). There are 2 separate PCI buses, PCI0 and PCI1. PCI0 has 1 dedicated
+PCI slot and (shared) 3 PCI/EISA slots. PCI0 also has a PCI/EISA bridge that drives
+things like the serial and parallel ports, keyboard/mouse etc. PCI1 has 4 PCI slots and a
+Symbios 810 SCSI chip. VGA console cards must be installed in a slot connected to
+PCI0.</p>
+
+<p>The current FreeBSD implementation has problems in handling PCI bridges. There is
+currently a limited fix in place which allows for single level, single device PCI
+bridges. The fix allows the use of the Digital supplied Qlogic SCSI card which sits
+behind a 21054 PCI bridge chip.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> EISA slots are currently unsupported, but the Compaq Qvision EISA
+VGA adapter is treated as an ISA device. It therefore works as a console. In case you use
+EISA options in your machine you must run the EISA Configuration Utility (ECU) from
+floppy. Do yourself a favor and use the Tru64/OpenVMS ECU, and not the WindowsNT ECU.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Rawhide employs an I2C based power controller system. If you want to be sure all power
+is removed from the system remove all mains cables from the system.</p>
+
+<p>Rawhide comes with RCM functionality, which means you can power it on/off remotely,
+reset it etc. See also the description for the RMC in the DS10 section of this document.
+RCM versus RMC is not a typo, the various documentation I consulted used both acronyms
+interchangably. Note that if you want remote power on/off to function you need to connect
+a small DC adapter to the machine in order to have the RCM logic powered. You need to
+supply 9-12V DC to the small inlet located next to the keyboard connector.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_KN300
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1113" name="AEN1113">2.3.14. AlphaServer 1200 (``Tincup'')
+and AlphaStation 1200 (``DaVinci'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 1200 machine is the successor to the AlphaServer 1000A. It uses the
+same enclosure the 1000A uses, but the logic is based on the AlphaServer 4000 design.
+These are multi-CPU machines, up to 2 CPUs can be in a single machine. Basic disk storage
+is housed in a StorageWorks shelves The AS1200 intended for the NT market were designated
+DIGITAL Server 5300 (5/400 CPU) and DIGITAL Server 5305 (5/533 CPU).</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164A EV56 CPUs at 400 or 533 Mhz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>cache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bit with ECC, DIMM memory on two memory daughter boards</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded floppy controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>AS1200 uses 2 memory daughter cards. On each of these cards are 8 DIMM slots. DIMMs
+must be installed in pairs. The maximum memory size is 4 GBytes. Slots must be filled in
+order and slot 0 must contain the largest size DIMM if different sized DIMMs are used.
+AS1200 employs fixed starting addresses for DIMMs, each DIMM pair starts at a 512 Mbyte
+boundary. This means that if DIMMs smaller than 256 Mbyte are used the system's physical
+memory map will contain ``holes''. Supported DIMM sizes are 64 Mbytes and 256 Mbytes. The
+DIMMs are 72 bit SDRAM based, as the system employs ECC.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> FreeBSD currently supports up to 2GBytes</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>AS1200 has an embedded Symbios 810 drive Fast SCSI bus.</p>
+
+<p>Tincup has 5 64-bit PCI slots, one 1 32-bit PCI slot and one EISA slot (which is
+physically shared with one of the 64-bit PCI slots). There are 2 separate PCI buses, PCI0
+and PCI1. PCI0 has the 32-bit PCI slot and the 2 top-most 64-bit PCI slots. PCI0 also has
+an Intel 82375EB PCI/EISA bridge that drives things like the serial and parallel ports,
+keyboard/mouse etc. PCI1 has 4 64-bit PCI slots and a Symbios 810 SCSI chip. VGA console
+cards must be installed in a slot connected to PCI0.</p>
+
+<p>The system employs an I2C based power controller system. If you want to be sure all
+power is removed from the system remove the mains cables from the system. Tincup uses
+dual power supplies in load-sharing mode and not as a redundancy pair.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_KN300
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1143" name="AEN1143">2.3.15. AlphaServer 8200 and 8400
+(``TurboLaser'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 8200 and 8400 machines are enterprise servers. Expect a tall 19&quot;
+cabinet (8200) or fat (8400) 19&quot; rack. This is big iron, not a hobbyist system.
+TurboLasers are multi-CPU machines, up to 12 CPUs can be in a single machine. The
+TurboLaser System Bus (TLSB) allows 9 nodes on the AS8400 and 5 nodes on the AS8200. TLSB
+is 256 bit data, 40 bit address allowing 2.1 GBytes/sec. Nodes on the TLSB can be CPUs,
+memory or I/O. A maximum of 3 I/O ports are supported on a TLSB.</p>
+
+<p>Basic disk storage is housed in a StorageWorks shelf. AS8400 uses 3 phase power,
+AS8200 uses single phase power.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164 EV5/EV56 CPUs at up to 467 MHz or 21264 EV67 CPUs at up to 625 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>one or two CPUs per CPU module</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>cache: 4Mbytes B-cache per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 256 bit with ECC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: big memory modules that plug into the TLSB, which in turn hold special SIMM
+modules. Memory modules come in varying sizes, up to 4 GBytes a piece. Uses ECC (8 bits
+per 64 bits of data) 7 memory modules max for AS8400, 3 modules max for AS8200. Maximum
+memory is 28 GBytes.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 3 system ``I/O ports'' that allow up to 12 I/O channels each I/O channel
+can connect to XMI, Futurebus+ or PCI boxes</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>FreeBSD supports (and has been tested with) up to 2 GBytes of memory on TurboLaser.
+There is a trade-off to be made between TLSB slots occupied by memory modules and TLSB
+slots occupied by CPU modules. For example you can have 28GBytes of memory but only 2
+CPUs (1 module) at the same time.</p>
+
+<p>Only PCI expansion is supported on FreeBSD. XMI or Futurebus+ (which are AS8400 only)
+are both unsupported.</p>
+
+<p>The I/O port modules are designated KFTIA or KFTHA. The I/O port modules supply so
+called ``hoses'' that connect to up to 4 (KFTHA) PCI buses or 1 PCI bus (KFTIA). KFTIA
+has embedded dual 10baseT Ethernet, single FDDI, 3 SCSI Fast Wide Differential SCSI buses
+and a single Fast Wide Single Ended SCSI bus. The FWSE SCSI is intended for the
+CDROM.</p>
+
+<p>KFTHA can drive via each of its 4 hoses a DWLPA or DWLPB box. The DWLPx house a 12
+slots 32 bit PCI backplane. Physically the 12 slots are 3 4-slot buses but to the
+software it appears as a single 12 slots PCI bus. A fully expanded AS8x00 can have 3 (I/O
+ports) times 4 (hoses) times 12 (PCI slots/DWLPx) = 144 PCI slots. The maximum bandwidth
+per KFTHA is 500 Mbytes/second. DWLPA can also house 8 EISA cards, 2 slots are PCI-only,
+2 slots are EISA only. Of the 12 slots 2 are always occupied by an I/O and connector
+module. DWLPB are the prefered I/O boxes.</p>
+
+<p>For best performance distribute high bandwidth (FibreChannel, Gigabit Ethernet) over
+multiple hoses and/or multiple KFTHA/KFTIA.</p>
+
+<p>Currently PCI expansion cards containing PCI bridges are not usable with FreeBSD.
+Don't use them at this time.</p>
+
+<p>The single ended narrow SCSI bus on the KFTIA will turn up as the <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">fourth</i></span> SCSI bus. The 3 fast-wide
+differential SCSI buses of the KFTIA precede it.</p>
+
+<p>AS8x00 are generally run with serial consoles. Some newer machines might have a
+graphical console of some sorts but FreeBSD has only been tested on a serial console.</p>
+
+<p>For serial console usage either change <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/ttys</tt> to
+have:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+console "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600"   unknown   on secure
+</pre>
+
+<p>as the console entry, or add</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+zs0     "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600"   unknown   on secure
+</pre>
+
+<p>For the AlphaServer 8x00 machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_KN8AE   # Alpha 8200/8400 (Turbolaser)
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<p>Contrary to expectation there is no <var class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</var> defined for
+inclusion in the kernel config file. The <var class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</var> is mandatory
+to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1186" name="AEN1186">2.3.16. Alpha Processor Inc.
+UP1000</a></h4>
+
+<p>The UP1000 is an ATX mainboard based on the 21264a CPU which itself lives in a Slot B
+module. It is normally housed in an ATX tower enclosure.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264a Alpha CPU at 600 or 700 MHz in a Slot B module (includes cooling fans)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bits to the L2 cache, 64 bits from Slot B to the AMD-751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 2MB (600Mhz) or 4MB (700Mhz)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD AMD-751 (``Irongate'') system controller chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Labs M1543C PCI-ISA bridge controller / super-IO chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 168-pin PC100 unbuffered SDRAM DIMMS, 3 DIMM slots DIMM sizes supported are
+64, 128 or 256 Mb in size</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 embedded Ultra DMA33 IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 USB ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>4 32 bit PCI slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 ISA slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 AGP slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Slot B is a box-like enclosure that houses a daughter-board for the CPU and cache. It
+has 2 small fans for cooling. Loud fans..</p>
+
+<p>The machine needs ECC capable DIMMs, so 72 bit ones. This does not appear to be
+documented in the UP1000 docs. The system accesses the serial EEPROM on the DIMMs via the
+SM bus. Note that if only a single DIMM is used it must be installed in slot <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">2</i></span>. This is a bit counter-intuitive.</p>
+
+<p>The UP1000 needs a 400Watt ATX power supply according to the manufacturer. This might
+be a bit overly conservative/pessimistic judging from the power consumption of the board
+&#38; cpu. But as always you will have to take your expansion cards and peripherals into
+account. The M1543C chip contains power management functionality &#38; temperature
+monitoring (via I2C / SM bus).</p>
+
+<p>Chances are that your UP1000 comes by default with AlphaBios only. The SRM console
+firmware is available from the Alpha Processor Inc. web site. It is currently available
+in a beta version which was successfully used during the port of FreeBSD to the
+UP1000.</p>
+
+<p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by the SRM console.</p>
+
+<p>UP1000 SRM can boot off an Adaptec 294x adapter. Under high I/O load conditions
+machine lockups have been observed using the Adaptec 294x. A Symbios 875 based card works
+just fine, using the sym driver. Most likely other cards based on the Symbios chips that
+the sym driver supports will work as well.</p>
+
+<p>The USB interfaces are disabled by the SRM console and have not (yet) been tested with
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>For the UP1000 the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    API_UP1000  # UP1000, UP1100 (Nautilus)
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1235" name="AEN1235">2.3.17. Alpha Processor Inc.
+UP1100</a></h4>
+
+<p>The UP1100 is an ATX mainboard based on the 21264a CPU running at 600 MHz. It is
+normally housed in an ATX tower enclosure.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264a Alpha EV6 CPU at 600 or 700 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 100MHz 64-bit (PC-100 SDRAM), 800 MB/s memory bandwidth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 2Mb</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD AMD-751 (``Irongate'') system controller chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Labs M1535D PCI-ISA bridge controller / super-IO chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 168-pin PC100 unbuffered SDRAM DIMMS, 3 DIMM slots DIMM sizes supported are
+64, 128 or 256 Mb in size</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 embedded Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 USB port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 3 32 bit PCI slots and 1 AGP2x slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SRM console code comes standard with the UP1100. The SRM lives in 2Mbytes of flash
+ROM.</p>
+
+<p>The machine needs ECC capable DIMMs, so 72 bit ones. This does not appear to be
+documented in the UP1100 docs. The system accesses the serial EEPROM on the DIMMs via the
+SM bus. Note that if only a single DIMM is used it must be installed in slot <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">2</i></span>. This is a bit counter-intuitive.</p>
+
+<p>The UP1100 needs a 400Watt ATX power supply according to the manufacturer. This might
+be a bit overly conservative/pessimistic judging from the power consumption of the board
+&#38; cpu. But as always you will have to take your expansion cards and peripherals into
+account. The M1535D chip contains power management functionality &#38; temperature
+monitoring (via I2C / SM bus using a LM75 thermal sensor).</p>
+
+<p>The UP1100 has an on-board 21143 10/100Mbit Ethernet interface.</p>
+
+<p>The UP1100 is equipped with a SoundBlaster compatible audio interface. Whether it
+works with FreeBSD is as of yet unknown.</p>
+
+<p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by the SRM console.</p>
+
+<p>The UP1100 has 3 USB ports, 2 going external and one connected to the AGP port.</p>
+
+<p>For the UP1100 the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    API_UP1000  # UP1000, UP1100 (Nautilus)
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<p>Contrary to expectation there is no <var class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</var> defined for
+inclusion in the kernel config file. The <var class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</var> is mandatory
+to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1283" name="AEN1283">2.3.18. Alpha Processor Inc. CS20,
+Compaq DS20L</a></h4>
+
+<p>The CS20 is a 19&quot;, 1U high rackmount server based on the 21264[ab] CPU. It can
+have a maximum of 2 CPUs. Compaq sells the CS20 rebranded as the AlphaServer DS20L. DS20L
+has 833MHz CPUs.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264a Alpha CPU at 667 MHz or 21264b 833 MHz (max. 2 CPUs)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 100MHz 256-bit wide</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21271 Core Logic chipset (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Labs M1533 PCI-ISA bridge controller / super-IO chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 168-pin PC100 PLL buffered/registered SDRAM DIMMS, 8 DIMM slots, uses ECC
+memory, min 256 Mbytes / max 2 GBytes of memory</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ALI M1543C Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded dual Intel 82559 10/100Mbit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Symbios 53C1000 Ultra160 SCSI controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 2 64 bit PCI slots (2/3 length)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SRM console code comes standard with the CS20. The SRM lives in 2Mbytes of flash
+ROM.</p>
+
+<p>The CS20 needs ECC capable DIMMs. Note that it uses <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">buffered</i></span> DIMMs.</p>
+
+<p>The CS20 has an I2C based internal monitoring system for things like temperature,
+fans, voltages etc. The I2C also supports ``wake on LAN''.</p>
+
+<p>Each PCI slot is connected to its own independent PCI bus on the Tsunami.</p>
+
+<p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by the SRM console.</p>
+
+<p>The CS20 has an embedded slim-line IDE CD drive. There is a front-accessible bay for a
+1&quot; high 3.5&quot; SCSI hard-disk drive with SCA connector.</p>
+
+<p>Note that there is no floppy disk drive (or a connector to add one).</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<p>Contrary to expectation there is no <var class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</var> defined for
+inclusion in the kernel config file. The <var class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</var> is mandatory
+to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1330" name="AEN1330">2.3.19. Compaq AlphaServer ES40
+(``Clipper'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The ES40 is a SMP system that can have 1 - 4 21264 Alpha CPUs. With the maximum
+configuration of 32GB of memory these systems are often deployed as heavy database
+servers and are also found in HPTC compute farm environments.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 Alpha CPU at 500 (EV6), 667 (EV67) or 833 MHz (EV68) (max. 4 CPUs)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 256-bit wide</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21272 Core Logic chipset</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 200-pin JEDEC standard SDRAM DIMMS, max 32 GBytes of memory</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ALI M1543C Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 2 64 bit PCI buses</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SRM console code comes standard with the ES40.</p>
+
+<p>ES40 comes with an ATA CDROM drive, but uses SCSI harddisks. The usual Symbios &#38;
+Qlogic adapters are bootable, as is the KZPEA aka Adaptec 39160 dual channel LVD U160
+adapter.</p>
+
+<p>Memory is divided in 4 memory arrays which each contain a set of 4 SDRAM DIMMs. Each
+DIMM is 72 bit wide and of the 100MHz speed variant. An array can contain 2 sets, so 8
+DIMMs max per array. The DIMMs live on Memory Mother Boards (MMBs). There are 2 MMB
+models, with 4 and 8 DIMM sockets respectively. Each MMB provides half of the 256 bit
+memory bus width to the CPUs. Given the myriad options for the memory configuration it is
+advisable to check the system documentation for the optimum memory configuration.</p>
+
+<p>Dependent on the model variation the ES40 has 6 or 10 64 bit PCI slots. This is
+basically just means the same backplane with less connectors mounted.</p>
+
+<p>ES40 has the same RMC remote power control as DS10 and DS20. See the description of
+the RMC in the DS10 section of this document. Most variations of ES40 have multiple power
+supplies, allowing for N+1 redundancy. When installing CPU cards you must unplug all
+power cords, the CPU cards receive standby power from the power supplies. Maximum memory
+configurations need more than the default number of powersupplies.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options   DEC_ST6600
+cpu     EV5
+</pre>
+
+<p>Contrary to expectation there is no <var class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</var> defined for
+inclusion in the kernel config file. The <var class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</var> is mandatory
+to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN1367" name="AEN1367">2.4. Supported Hardware
+Overview</a></h3>
+
+<p>A word of caution: the installed base for FreeBSD is not nearly as large as for
+FreeBSD/Intel. This means that the enormous variation of PCI/ISA expansion cards out
+there has much less chance of having been tested on alpha than on Intel. This is not to
+imply they are doomed to fail, just that the chance of running into something never
+tested before is much higher. <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> contains things that are
+known to work on Alpha only.</p>
+
+<p>The PCI and ISA expansion busses are fully supported. Turbo Channel is not in <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> and has limited support (see the relevant machine model
+info). The MCA bus is not supported. The EISA bus is not supported for use with EISA
+expansion cards as the EISA support code is lacking. ISA cards in EISA slots are reported
+to work. The Compaq Qvision EISA VGA card is driven in ISA mode and works OK as a
+console.</p>
+
+<p>1.44 Mbyte and 1.2 Mbyte floppy drives are supported. 2.88 Mbyte drives sometimes
+found in Alpha machines are supported up to 1.44Mbyte.</p>
+
+<p>ATA and ATAPI (IDE) devices are supported via the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+framework. As most people run their Alphas with SCSI disks it is not as well tested as
+SCSI. Be aware of boot-ability restrictions for IDE disks. See the machine specific
+information.</p>
+
+<p>There is full SCSI support via the CAM layer for Adaptec 2940x (AIC7xxx chip-based),
+Qlogic family and Symbios. Those of you interested in U160 SCSI might want to take a look
+at an Adaptec 39160 dual channel LVD U160 adapter. Compaq calls this a KZPEA adapter.
+Recent Alpha models have SRM versions that can boot from them. In general be aware of the
+machine-specific boot-ability issues for the various adapter models. Where known they are
+listed in the individual machine descriptions.</p>
+
+<p>The Qlogic QL2x00 FibreChannel host adapters are fully supported.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to boot your Alpha over the Ethernet you will obviously need an Ethernet
+card that the SRM console recognizes. This generally means you need a board with an 21x4x
+Ethernet chip as that is what Digital used. These chips are driven by the FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> (older driver)
+or <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> (newer driver).
+Some new SRM versions are known to recognize the Intel 8255x Ethernet chips as driven by
+the FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver.
+But beware: the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver is
+reported not to work correctly with FreeBSD (although it works excellently on
+FreeBSD/x86).</p>
+
+<p>DEC DEFPA PCI FDDI network adapters are supported on alpha.</p>
+
+<p>In general the SRM console emulates a VGA-compatibility mode on PCI VGA cards. This
+is, however, not guaranteed to work by Compaq/DEC for each and every card type out there.
+When the SRM thinks the VGA is acceptable FreeBSD will be able to use it. The console
+driver works just like on a FreeBSD/intel machine. Please note that VESA modes are not
+supported on Alpha, so that leaves you with 80x25 consoles.</p>
+
+<p>In some Alpha machines you will find video adapters based on TGA chips. The plain TGA
+adapter does not emulate VGA and is therefore not usable for a FreeBSD console. TGA2
+cards have a basic VGA compatibility mode and work fine as FreeBSD consoles.</p>
+
+<p>The ``PC standard'' serial ports found on most Alphas are supported.</p>
+
+<p>ISDN (i4b) is not supported on FreeBSD/alpha.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN1399" name="AEN1399">2.5. Acknowledgments</a></h3>
+
+<p>In compiling this file I used multiple information sources, but <a
+href="http://www.netbsd.org/" target="_top">the NetBSD Web site</a> proved to be an
+invaluable source of information. If it wasn't for NetBSD/alpha there probably would not
+be a FreeBSD/alpha in the first place.</p>
+
+<p>People who kindly helped me create this section:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Andrew Gallatin <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:gallatin@FreeBSD.org">gallatin@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Chuck Robey <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:chuckr@FreeBSD.org">chuckr@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matthew Jacob <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:mjacob@FreeBSD.org">mjacob@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Michael Smith <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:msmith@FreeBSD.org">msmith@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>David O'Brien <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:obrien@FreeBSD.org">obrien@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Christian Weisgerber</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kazutaka YOKOTA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nick Maniscalco</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Eric Schnoebelen</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peter van Dijk</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peter Jeremy</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dolf de Waal</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Wim Lemmers, ex-Compaq</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Wouter Brackman, Compaq</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lodewijk van den Berg, Compaq</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. Поддерживаемые устройства</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.2 2004/09/23
+06:12:03 den Exp $
+
+<p>В этом разделе описаны устройства, поддерживаемые FreeBSD на платформе Alpha/AXP.
+Другие конфигурации также могут работать, они просто еще не были протестированы.
+Приветствуются замечания, обновления и исправления этого списка.</p>
+
+<p>Когда это возможно, приводится список драйверов для каждого устройства или класса
+устройств. Если у этого драйвера есть страница справочника в основной поставке FreeBSD
+(что верно для большинства драйверов), на нее дается ссылка. Информация по определенным
+моделям поддерживаемых устройств, контроллеров и т.д. может быть найдена в страницах
+справочника.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Список устройств в этом документе генерируется автоматически из
+страниц справочной системы FreeBSD. Это означает, что некоторые устройства,
+поддерживаемые несколькими драйверами, могут появляться несколько раз.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. Контроллеры дисков</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA контроллеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI host adapter chips and SCSI controller cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p>Загрузка с этих контроллеров не поддерживается вследствие ограничений SRM.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PDU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PJ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB cache), KZPAC-CA
+(3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however it is
+always advisable to upgrade to the most recent firmware available for the controller.
+Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p>Загрузка с этих контроллеров не поддерживается вследствие ограничений SRM. DAC960
+контроллеры, продаваемые Digital/Compaq для систем Alpha в качестве части StorageWorks
+family, т.е. KZPSC или KZPAC поддерживают загрузку SRM. Обратите внимание, что эти карты
+используют 2.x firmware. Загрузка SRM на более свежих версиях firmware не
+проверялась.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following NCR/Symbios SCSI controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controllers supported by <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> can be
+either embedded on a motherboard, or on one of the following add-on boards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following controllers are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929 (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controller chips supprted by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+can be found onboard on many systems including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Со всеми поддерживаемыми SCSI контроллерами, предоставлена полная поддержка периферии
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II и SCSI-III, включая жесткие диски, оптические диски, ленточные накопители
+(включая DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, и DLT), устройства смены носителей, устройства
+обработки и приводы CD-ROM. WORM устройства, поддерживающие команды CD-ROM,
+поддерживаются с доступом только для чтения приводами CD-ROM (такими как <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). Поддержка
+записи WORM/CD-R/CD-RW предоставляется <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, который
+является частью порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> из коллекции портов.</p>
+
+<p>На данный момент поддерживаются следующие системы CD-ROM типа:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI интерфейс (также включающий ProAudio Spectrum и SoundBlaster SCSI) (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE интерфейс (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports adapters and embedded controllers based on the AMD PCnet/FAST, PCnet/FAST+,
+PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO and PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO(Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX(CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX (same as 530+?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO(PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Winbond W89C840F based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+VIA Technologies Rhine I, Rhine II, and Rhine III based Fast Ethernet adapters
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE530-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 and SiS 7016 based Fast Ethernet adapters and
+embedded controllers, as well as Fast Ethernet adapters based on the National
+Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter) chip. Supported adapters include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports National Semiconductor DP83820 and DP83821 based Gigabit Ethernet adapters
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIX 1000TA and 1000TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Addtron AEG320T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI) and EG1064 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA622T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA621</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Sundance Technologies ST201 based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded
+controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3COM 3C940 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5005 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EG1032 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9521 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9821 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9822 SK-NET GE-T dual port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9841 SK-NET GE-LX single port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9842 SK-NET GE-LX dual port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9843 SK-NET GE-SX single port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9844 SK-NET GE-SX dual port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 9452TX single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Texas Instruments ThunderLAN based Ethernet and Fast Ethernet adapters including a large
+number of Compaq PCI Ethernet adapters. Also supported are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2135/2138 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2325/OC-2326 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver also
+supports the built-in Ethernet adapters of various Compaq Prosignia servers and Compaq
+Deskpro desktop machines including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10 T PCI UTP/Coax</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Dual-Port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Proliant</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P Integrated</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P w/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+support for the following chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following NICs are known to work with the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver at this
+time:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following hardware:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, and 3c920B-EMB embedded adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Both the 3C656 family of CardBus cards and the 3C556 family of MiniPCI cards have a
+built-in proprietary modem. Neither the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver nor any
+other driver supports this modem.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82540, 82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82546,
+82546EB and 82547 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82542 and 82543 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the on-board Ethernet interfaces of many Sun UltraSPARC workstation and server
+models. Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S and RTL8110S based Fast Ethernet and Gigabit
+Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.3. FDDI интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>DEC DEFPA PCI (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.4. ATM интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.5. Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.6. Различные сетевые
+устройства</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.7. ISDN интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.8. Последовательные интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, и 16550 последовательные порты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Последовательная карта AST на 4 порта с совместным использованием IRQ</p>
+
+<p>Comtrol Rocketport карта (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.9. Аудио устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Analog Devices AD1816</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4281</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1E (ES1946 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that older ESS ISA cards with ES18xx chipset are supported via snd_ess(4) and/or
+snd_sbc(4).</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8338</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8738</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS461x/462x Audio Accelerator</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4280 Audio Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Some onboard CS4610 chips are accompanied by the CS423x ISA codec instead of the
+CS4297 AC97 codec. Such configurations are not supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver yet.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>All cards with ES1370/1371 chipset (including SoundBlaster PCI128)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ESS</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ES1868, ES1869, ES1879 и ES1888 (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Maestro-1, Maestro-2, и Maestro-2E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Maestro-3/Allegro</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> The Maestro-3/Allegro не может быть встроен в ядро FreeBSD
+вследствие лицензионных ограничений. Для использования этого драйвера добавьте в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt> следующую строку:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">snd_maestro3_load="YES"</kbd>
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound MAX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>MSS/WSS Compatible DSPs (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Creative Technologies SoundBlaster series (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-32</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-64</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-64 GOLD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster ViBRA-16</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Audigy (EMU10K2 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.10. Камеры и устройства
+видеозахвата</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.11. Устройства USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>Поддерживается большой диапазон USB периферии; устройства, работоспособность которых
+известна, приведены в этом разделе. Вследствие простой архитектуры большинства USB
+устройств, за редкими исключениями любое устройство поддерживаемого класса будет
+работать, даже если оно явно не приведено здесь.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> USB Ethernet адаптеры могут быть найдены в разделе <a
+href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet интерфейсы</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> USB Bluetooth адаптеры могут быть найдены в разделе <a
+href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all OHCI v1.0 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all UHCI v1.1 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Концентраторы</p>
+
+<p>Клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Мышь (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Принтеры и переходные кабели к параллельным принтерам (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ulpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ulpt</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATen адаптер параллельного принтера</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U002 адаптер параллельного принтера</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon BJ F850, S600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon LBP-1310, 350</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega адаптер USB к параллельному порту</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett-Packard HP Deskjet 3420 (P/N: C8947A #ABJ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oki Data MICROLINE ML660PS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Seiko Epson PM-900C, 880C, 820C, 730C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Хранение данных (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ADTEC Stick Drive AD-UST32M, 64M, 128M, 256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Denno FireWire/USB2 Removable 2.5-inch HDD Case MIFU-25CB20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FujiFilm Zip USB Drive ZDR100 USB A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GREEN HOUSE USB Flash Memory ``PicoDrive'' GH-UFD32M, 64M, 128M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 32MB USB Memory Key (P/N 22P5296)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM ThinkPad USB Portable CD-ROM Drive (P/N 33L5151)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB x6 CD-RW Drive CDRW-i64/USB (только CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB CD/CD-R/CD-RW/DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD-RAM/DVD-ROM Drive DVR-iUH2 (только CDROM,
+DVD-RAM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega Zip750 USB2.0 Drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Keian USB1.1/2.0 3.5-inch HDD Case KU350A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kurouto Shikou USB 2.5-inch HDD Case GAWAP2.5PS-USB2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB1.1/2.0 HDD Unit SHD-E60U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec Mobile USB Memory LMC-256UD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB Double-Speed Floppy Drive LFD-31U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB/IEEE1394 DVD-RAM/R/RW Unit LDR-N21FU2 (только CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 привод гибких дисков</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 MO Drive MO-CH640U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB/IEEE1394 Portable HD Drive HDP-i30P/CI, HDP-i40P/CI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk ``PetitDrive'', RUF-32M, -64M, -128M, -256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 Flash Disk ``PetitDrive2'', RUF-256M/U2, -512M/U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk ``ClipDrive'', RUF-C32M, -C64M, -C128M, -C256M, -C512M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtech USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI кабель</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NOVAC USB2.0 2.5/3.5-inch HDD Case NV-HD351U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic привод гибких дисков</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic USB2.0 Portable CD-RW Drive KXL-RW40AN (только CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC Systems USB2.0 Removable HDD Case U2-MDK1, U2-MDK1B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Portable CD-R/RW Drive CRX10U (только CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEAC Portable USB CD-ROM Unit CD-110PU/210PU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Y-E Data привод гибких дисков (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.12. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+устройства</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.13. Bluetooth устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all Bluetooth USB devices that conform with the Bluetooth specification v1.1,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CREB96</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AIPTEK BR0R02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>EPoX BT-DG02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MSI MS-6967</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.14. Криптографические
+акселераторы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.15. Другие устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>Приводы гибких дисков (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>VGA-совместимые видеокарты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vga&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vga</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Информация, относящаяся к отдельным видеокартам и совместимости с <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>, может быть найдена на <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Клавиатуры, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AT клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Курсорные устройства, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 мышь и совместимые устройства, включая многие курсорные устройства на лэптопах
+(драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Последовательная мышь и совместимые устройства</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB мышь (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> На странице <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+находится дополнительная информация по использованию курсорных устройств в FreeBSD.
+Информация по использованию курсорных устройств с <b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>
+может быть найдена по адресу <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>``PC standard'' параллельные порты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-amd64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-amd64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d52aa76c4
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+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-amd64.html
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/amd64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/amd64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект документирования FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>Содержание</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">Введение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#PROC">Поддерживаемые процессоры и материнские платы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">Поддерживаемые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">Контроллеры дисков</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#ATM">ATM интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#WLAN">Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">Различные сетевые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#SERIAL">Последовательные интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#AUDIO">Аудио устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#CAMERA">Камеры и устройства видеозахвата</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#USB">Устройства USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">Криптографические акселераторы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#MISC">Другие устройства</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этом документе находится информация об аппаратной совместимости для FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE на аппаратной платформе AMD64 упоминаемой также как FreeBSD/amd64
+5.3-RELEASE). В этом списке находятся устройства, работающие на данной платформе, а также
+информация об отдельных настройках загрузки ядра, которые могут быть полезны при
+включении поддержки новых устройств.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> В этот документ включена информация, специфичная для аппаратной
+платформы AMD64. Версии информации об оборудовании для других архитектур будут отличаться
+в некоторых деталях.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2. Поддерживаемые процессоры и материнские
+платы</a></h2>
+
+<p>Начиная с середины 2003 FreeBSD/amd64 поддерживает архитектуры AMD64 (``Hammer'') и
+Intel EM64T, и теперь это одна из платформ Tier-1 (полностью поддерживаемая архитектура),
+которая считается стабильной во всех аспектах операционной системы FreeBSD, включая
+установку и разработку.</p>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что у этой архитектуры есть два имени, AMD64 (AMD) и Intel EM64T
+(Extended Memory 64-bit Technology). 64-битный режим этих двух архитектур почти совместим
+один с другим, и FreeBSD/amd64 должна поддерживать их оба.</p>
+
+<p>На момент написания данного текста поддерживаются следующие процессоры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Athlon64 (``Clawhammer'').</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Opteron (``Sledgehammer'').</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 64-бит Xeon (``Nacona''). Этот процессор изготовлен по технологии 90nm, и
+работает на частотах от 2.80 до 3.60 GHz (FSB 800MHz) с чипсетами Intel
+E7520/E7525/E7320.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Pentium 4 Processor, поддерживающий Intel EM64T (``Prescott''). Он изготовлен по
+технологии 90nm для сокета FC-LGA775, и работает на частотах 3.20F/3.40F/3.60F GHz с
+чипсетами Intel 925X Express. Соответствующие номера S-Spec: SL7L9, SL7L8, SL7LA, SL7NZ,
+SL7PZ, и SL7PX. Обратите внимание, что процессоры, нумерованые числами 5xx, не
+поддерживают EM64T.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Intel EM64T это расширенная версия IA-32 (x86) и отличается от архитектуры Intel IA-64
+(Itanium), которую поддерживает платформа FreeBSD/ia64. Некоторая старая документация
+Intel обозначает Intel EM64T как ``64-bit extension technology'' или ``IA-32e''.</p>
+
+<p>Наибольший объем памяти системы, протестированный на данный момент, 8GB. Поддержка SMP
+была недавно завершена и работает достаточно стабильно.</p>
+
+<p>Во многих отношениях, FreeBSD/amd64 похожа на FreeBSD/i386, в терминах поддерживаемых
+драйверов. Могут возникнуть проблемы с 64-бит кодов в некоторых (частично устаревших)
+драйверах. Обычно те драйверы, которые правильно работают на других 64-бит платформах,
+должны работать и здесь.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD/amd64 это очень молодая платформа FreeBSD. Хотя основная часть ядра FreeBSD и
+основные системные компоненты обычно очень стабильны, скорее всего еще остаются острые
+углы, особенно со сторонним программным обеспечением.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. Поддерживаемые устройства</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.2 2004/09/23
+06:12:03 den Exp $
+
+<p>В этом разделе описаны устройства, поддерживаемые FreeBSD на платформе AMD64. Другие
+конфигурации также могут работать, они просто еще не были протестированы. Приветствуются
+замечания, обновления и исправления этого списка.</p>
+
+<p>Когда это возможно, приводится список драйверов для каждого устройства или класса
+устройств. Если у этого драйвера есть страница справочника в основной поставке FreeBSD
+(что верно для большинства драйверов), на нее дается ссылка. Информация по определенным
+моделям поддерживаемых устройств, контроллеров и т.д. может быть найдена в страницах
+справочника.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Список устройств в этом документе генерируется автоматически из
+страниц справочной системы FreeBSD. Это означает, что некоторые устройства,
+поддерживаемые несколькими драйверами, могут появляться несколько раз.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. Контроллеры дисков</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA контроллеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aic</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1505 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1510A, AHA-1510B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1520A, AHA-1520B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1522A, AHA-1522B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1535 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Labs SoundBlaster SCSI host adapter (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1460, AHA-1460B, AHA-1460C, AHA-1460D (PC Card)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1030B, AHA-1030P (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-100 (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI host adapter chips and SCSI controller cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901A host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7902 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AAC-364</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2120S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2200S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2410SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2810SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 5400S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell CERC SATA RAID 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 320/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID 4M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adv</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP510/5150</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5140</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5142</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP902/3902</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3905</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3922</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3925</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP930, ABP930U, ABP930UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP960, ABP960U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP542</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP742</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP842</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UA/3940UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3960UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970, ABP970U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP752</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP852</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980, ABP980U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980UA/3980UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-USP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-PCI30 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC-USUP-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adw</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports SCSI controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UW/ABP3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3950U2W</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following BusLogic MultiMaster ``W'', ``C'', ``S'', and ``A'' series and compatible
+SCSI host adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-445C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-445S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-540CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-545C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-545S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic/BusTek BT-640</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-742A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-742A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757CD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-946C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-948</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-956C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-956CD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-958</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-958D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Storage Dimensions SDC3211B / SDC3211F</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>AMI FastDisk Host Adapters that are true BusLogic MultiMaster clones are also
+supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a> driver.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following RAID adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DPT Smart Cache Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache II (PM2?2?, PM2022 [EISA], PM2024/PM2124 [PCI]) (Gen2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID II (PM3?2?, PM3021, PM3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache III (PM2?3?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID III (PM3?3?, PM3332 [EISA], PM3334UW [PCI]) (Gen3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache IV (PM2?4?, PM2042 [EISA], PM2044/PM2144 [PCI]) (Gen4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID IV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Поддерживается загрузка с этих контроллеров. EISA адаптеры не
+поддерживаются.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PDU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PJ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB cache), KZPAC-CA
+(3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however it is
+always advisable to upgrade to the most recent firmware available for the controller.
+Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Поддерживается загрузка с этих контроллеров. EISA адаптеры не
+поддерживаются.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mly&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mly</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 170</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 352</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 2000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 3000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following ATA RAID controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 5000 series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 6000 series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7000-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7006-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8006-2LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-8MI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-12MI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twa</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following PATA/SATA RAID controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8MI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12MI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following NCR/Symbios SCSI controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controllers supported by <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> can be
+either embedded on a motherboard, or on one of the following add-on boards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-DP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390T</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ciss&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ciss</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 532</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 5312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 641</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 642</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400 EM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6422</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array V100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 20 (MSA20)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 500 (MSA500)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iir&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">iir</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCMR</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-l (SRCU31a)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-1L (SRCU31La)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-2 (SRCU32)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>All past and future releases of Intel and ICP RAID Controllers.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU21 (discontinued)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31 (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31L (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SRCU31 and SRCU31L can be updated via a firmware update available from Intel.</p>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>IBM ServeRAID 3H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID 4L/4M/4H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID Series 5</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID 6i/6M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following controllers are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929 (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controller chips supprted by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+can be found onboard on many systems including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SCSI controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=trm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">trm</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-315 PCI Ultra SCSI adapter without BIOS and internal SCSI connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-315U PCI Ultra SCSI adapter without BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395F PCI Ultra-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS and 68-pin external SCSI
+connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395U PCI Ultra SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395UW PCI Ultra-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395U2W PCI Ultra2-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>For the Tekram DC-310/U and DC-390F/U/UW/U2B/U2W/U3W PCI SCSI host adapters, use the
+sym(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>Со всеми поддерживаемыми SCSI контроллерами, предоставлена полная поддержка периферии
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II и SCSI-III, включая жесткие диски, оптические диски, ленточные накопители
+(включая DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, и DLT), устройства смены носителей, устройства
+обработки и приводы CD-ROM. WORM устройства, поддерживающие команды CD-ROM,
+поддерживаются с доступом только для чтения приводами CD-ROM (такими как <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). Поддержка
+записи WORM/CD-R/CD-RW предоставляется <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, который
+является частью порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> из коллекции портов.</p>
+
+<p>На данный момент поддерживаются следующие системы CD-ROM типа:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI интерфейс (также включающий ProAudio Spectrum и SoundBlaster SCSI) (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE интерфейс (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Alteon Tigon I and II chips. The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been
+tested with the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985B-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital EtherWORKS 1000SX PCI Gigabit adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620 Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620T Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following adapters should also be supported but have not yet been tested:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asante GigaNIX1000T Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante PCI 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon PN9000SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Silicon Graphics PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports adapters and embedded controllers based on the AMD PCnet/FAST, PCnet/FAST+,
+PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO and PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SMC 83c17x (EPIC) Ethernet сетевые карты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tx</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO(Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX(CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX (same as 530+?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO(PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Winbond W89C840F based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+VIA Technologies Rhine I, Rhine II, and Rhine III based Fast Ethernet adapters
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE530-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 and SiS 7016 based Fast Ethernet adapters and
+embedded controllers, as well as Fast Ethernet adapters based on the National
+Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter) chip. Supported adapters include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports National Semiconductor DP83820 and DP83821 based Gigabit Ethernet adapters
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIX 1000TA and 1000TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Addtron AEG320T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI) and EG1064 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA622T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA621</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Sundance Technologies ST201 based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded
+controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3COM 3C940 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5005 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EG1032 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9521 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9821 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9822 SK-NET GE-T dual port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9841 SK-NET GE-LX single port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9842 SK-NET GE-LX dual port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9843 SK-NET GE-SX single port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9844 SK-NET GE-SX dual port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 9452TX single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Texas Instruments ThunderLAN based Ethernet and Fast Ethernet adapters including a large
+number of Compaq PCI Ethernet adapters. Also supported are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2135/2138 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2325/OC-2326 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver also
+supports the built-in Ethernet adapters of various Compaq Prosignia servers and Compaq
+Deskpro desktop machines including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10 T PCI UTP/Coax</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Dual-Port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Proliant</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P Integrated</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P w/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+support for the following chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following NICs are known to work with the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver at this
+time:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX_NA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton USB320-EC, SpeedStream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AN986, AN8511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton USB100, USB100LP, USB100EL, USBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether FEther USB-T, FEther USB-TX, FEther USB-TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650, DSB-650TX, DSB-650TX-PNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-USBL/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elsa Microlink USB2Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP hn210e</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O Data USB ETTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNU101TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T adapters that contain the AN986 Pegasus chipset, USB10TA, USB10TX,
+USB100TX, USB100H1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LUA-TX, LUA2-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex UE-200TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Network Link (model number 133-06)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Siemens Speedstream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges smartNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2202USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHOware NUB100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports CATC USB-EL1210A based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U011/F5U111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges SmartLink</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Kawasaki LSI KL5KLUSB101B based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c19250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c460 HomeConnect Ethernet USB Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADS Technologies USB-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOX USB101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATen UC10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom URE 450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega USB-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega NET-USB-E45, NET-HUB-3U1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data USB ETT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kawasaki DU-H3E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear EA101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom USB Ethernet Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2102USB, 2104USB</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=axe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">axe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports ASIX Electronics AX88172 based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-U2-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DUBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB200M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>System TALKS Inc. SGC-X2UL</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports RealTek RTL8150 based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Green House GH-USB100B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB100M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton 10/100 FastEthernet USBKR2</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther USB-TXC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers and cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis RE1000, RE1000Plus, ME1500 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(98)P2, C-NET (9N)E (110-pin), C-NET(9N)C (ExtCard)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(PC)C PCMCIA Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Eiger Labs EPX-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu FMV-J182, FMV-J182A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MB86960A, MB86965A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MBH10303, MBH10302 Ethernet PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu Towa LA501 Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HITACHI HT-4840-11</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NextCom J Link NC5310</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5588, REX-9822, REX-4886, and REX-R280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9880/9881/9882/9883</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAC-98012, LAC-98013, LAC-98025, LAC-9N011 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAK-CD021, LAK-CD021A, LAK-CD021BX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ungermann-Bass Access/PC N98C+(PC85152, PC85142), Access/NOTE N98(PC86132)
+(110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ex&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ex</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following Ethernet adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/10+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>The Olicom OC2220</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ep&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ep</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Ethernet adapters based on the 3Com 3C5x9 Etherlink III Parallel Tasking chipset,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C1 CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509-TP, 3C509-BNC, 3C509-Combo, 3C509-TPO, 3C509-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509B-TP, 3C509B-BNC, 3C509B-Combo, 3C509B-TPO, 3C509B-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C529, 3C529-TP MCA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C562/3C563 PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C569B-J-TPO, 3C569B-J-COMBO CBUS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C574-TX, 3CCFE574BT, 3CXFE574BT, 3C3FE574BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C579-TP, 3C579-BNC EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C589, 3C589B, 3C589C, 3C589D, 3CXE589DT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CCFEM556B, 3CCFEM556BI PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CXE589EC, 3CCE589EC, 3CXE589ET, 3CCE589ET PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz 3CCEM556, 3CXEM556, 3CCEM556B, 3CXEM556B PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 3CXSH572BT, 3CCSH572BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon EtherMac PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following hardware:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, and 3c920B-EMB embedded adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Both the 3C656 family of CardBus cards and the 3C556 family of MiniPCI cards have a
+built-in proprietary modem. Neither the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver nor any
+other driver supports this modem.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c590 EtherLink III PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c592 EtherLink III EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c595 Fast EtherLink III PCI in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c597 Fast EtherLink III EISA in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 сетевые карты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cs&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cs</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sn</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+SMC9xxx based ISA and PCMCIA cards including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz X-Jack Ethernet PC-Card CC-10BT</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xe</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet (PS-CE2-10)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet + Modem 28 (PS-CEM-28)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet + Modem 33 (CEM33)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard 10/100 (CE3, CE3B)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet 10/100 + Modem 56 (CEM56)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10 (RE10)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10/100 (RE100)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10/100 + Modem 56 (REM56, REM56G)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton Fast EtherCard-16 (EN2226)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 PC Card (CPQ-10/100)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 PC Card Mobile Adapter 16 (Pro/100 M16A)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Other similar devices using the same hardware may also be supported.</p>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC TigerCard 1000 (SMC9462SX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500SX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for various NICs based on the Broadcom BCM570x family of Gigabit
+Ethernet controller chips, including the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c996-T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750 integrated BCM5704C NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2550 integrated BCM5700 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2650 integrated BCM5703 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM x235 server integrated BCM5703x NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7760 embedded Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7770 PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7781 embedded PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA302T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D21 (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D41 (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82540, 82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82546,
+82546EB and 82547 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82542 and 82543 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the on-board Ethernet interfaces of many Sun UltraSPARC workstation and server
+models. Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Broadcom BCM4401 based Fast Ethernet адаптеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S and RTL8110S based Fast Ethernet and Gigabit
+Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/10GbE LR Server Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/10GbE SR Server Adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports VIA Networking VT3119 and VT6122 based Gigabit Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>VIA Networking LAN-on-motherboard Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN650-T 64-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1701)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN670-T 32-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1702)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.3. FDDI интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.4. ATM интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.5. Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Lucent Technologies WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11b беспроводные сетевые адаптеры и им подобные,
+использующие Lucent Hermes, Intersil PRISM-II, Intersil PRISM-2.5, Intersil Prism-3, и
+Symbol Spectrum24 чипсеты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cisco/Aironet 802.11b беспроводные адаптеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">awi</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Icom SL-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco WLI-PCM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEL SSMagic</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia C020 WLAN</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon SkyLINE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The original Xircom Netwave AirSurfer is supported by the cnw(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cnw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cnw</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Netwave</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetWave AirSurfer</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.6. Различные сетевые
+устройства</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.7. ISDN интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.8. Последовательные интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, и 16550 последовательные порты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Последовательная карта AST на 4 порта с совместным использованием IRQ</p>
+
+<p>PCI-Based многопортовые последовательные карты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=puc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">puc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Actiontech 56K PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avlab Technology, PCI IO 2S и PCI IO 4S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Comtrol RocketPort 550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Decision Computers PCCOM 4-портовая последовательная с двумя портами RS232/422/485</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dolphin Peripherals 4025/4035/4036</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IC Book Labs Dreadnought 16x Lite и Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lava Computers 2SP-PCI/DSerial-PCI/Quattro-PCI/Octopus-550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Middle Digital, Weasle последовательный порт</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Moxa Industio CP-114, Smartio C104H-PCI и C168H/PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PK-UG-X001 и PK-UG-X008</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netmos NM9835 PCI-2S-550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oxford Semiconductor OX16PCI954 PCI UART</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Syba Tech SD-LAB PCI-4S2P-550-ECP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber I/O PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 2P1S PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 2S1P PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 4S PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber Serial (Single и Dual) PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Syba Tech Ltd. PCI-4S2P-550-ECP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Titan PCI-200H и PCI-800H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>US Robotics (3Com) 3CP5609 модем</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VScom PCI-400 и PCI-800</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Specialix SI/XIO/SX многопортовые последовательные карты, с старым SIHOST2.x и новым
+``расширенным'' (transputer based, aka JET) host картами (поддерживаются ISA, EISA и PCI)
+(драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=si&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">si</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.9. Аудио устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Analog Devices AD1816</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4281</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1E (ES1946 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that older ESS ISA cards with ES18xx chipset are supported via snd_ess(4) and/or
+snd_sbc(4).</p>
+
+<p>Advance (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asound 100 и 110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logic ALS120 и ALS4000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8338</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8738</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS461x/462x Audio Accelerator</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4280 Audio Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Some onboard CS4610 chips are accompanied by the CS423x ISA codec instead of the
+CS4297 AC97 codec. Such configurations are not supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver yet.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>All cards with ES1370/1371 chipset (including SoundBlaster PCI128)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ESS</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ES1868, ES1869, ES1879 и ES1888 (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Maestro-1, Maestro-2, и Maestro-2E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Maestro-3/Allegro</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> The Maestro-3/Allegro не может быть встроен в ядро FreeBSD
+вследствие лицензионных ограничений. Для использования этого драйвера добавьте в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt> следующую строку:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">snd_maestro3_load="YES"</kbd>
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ForteMedia fm801</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound MAX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Intel 443MX, 810, 815, и 815E встроенные звуковые устройства (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>MSS/WSS Compatible DSPs (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>NeoMagic 256AV/ZX (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>OPTi 931/82C931 (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>S3 Sonicvibes</p>
+
+<p>Creative Technologies SoundBlaster series (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-32</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-64</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-64 GOLD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster ViBRA-16</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Audigy (EMU10K2 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Trident 4DWave DX/NX (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>VIA Technologies VT82C686A</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.10. Камеры и устройства
+видеозахвата</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.11. Устройства USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>Поддерживается большой диапазон USB периферии; устройства, работоспособность которых
+известна, приведены в этом разделе. Вследствие простой архитектуры большинства USB
+устройств, за редкими исключениями любое устройство поддерживаемого класса будет
+работать, даже если оно явно не приведено здесь.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> USB Ethernet адаптеры могут быть найдены в разделе <a
+href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet интерфейсы</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> USB Bluetooth адаптеры могут быть найдены в разделе <a
+href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all OHCI v1.0 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all UHCI v1.1 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>USB 2.0 контроллеры, использующие EHCI интерфейс (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ehci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ehci</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Концентраторы</p>
+
+<p>Клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Различные устройства</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Assist Computer Systems PC Camera C-M1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ActiveWire I/O Board</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Technology Video Blaster WebCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond Rio 500, 600, и 800 MP3 плееры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=urio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">urio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-R100 USB Radio (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ufm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ufm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mirunet AlphaCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Devices supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umodem&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umodem</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 5605</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Metricom Ricochet GS USB wireless modem</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha Broadband Wireless Router RTW65b</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Мышь (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Принтеры и переходные кабели к параллельным принтерам (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ulpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ulpt</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATen адаптер параллельного принтера</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U002 адаптер параллельного принтера</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon BJ F850, S600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon LBP-1310, 350</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega адаптер USB к параллельному порту</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett-Packard HP Deskjet 3420 (P/N: C8947A #ABJ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oki Data MICROLINE ML660PS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Seiko Epson PM-900C, 880C, 820C, 730C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsa</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U103</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>e-Tek Labs Kwik232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GoHubs GoCOM232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom single port serial adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support the BWCT console management serial adapters.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uftdi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uftdi</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>HP USB-Serial adapter shipped with some HP laptops</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Inland UAS111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>QVS USC-1000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uplcom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uplcom</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATEN UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM UC-SGT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HAL Corporation Crossam2+USB IR commander</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IOGEAR UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX USB-RS232 URS-03</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-USB60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Serial Link (model number 133-08)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOURCENEXT KeikaiDenwa 8 (with and without charger)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Ericsson USB Cable (Susteen USB Data Cable)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following devices are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uscanner&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uscanner</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 320U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 620U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan C310U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1212U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e25</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e40</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e50</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e52</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan Touch</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avision 1200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N656U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N676U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 30</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 610</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 636U / 636Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1200U / 1200Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1240U / 1240Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Expression 1600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1640SU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1670</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 3200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-8400UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9300UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9700F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Photosmart S20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 2200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3400CSE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4100C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5400C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KYE ColorPage Vivid-Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom 336CX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom C6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6UL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6USL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker X6U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Minolta 5400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 600 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 UB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200TA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NatSemi BearPaw 1200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nikon CoolScan LS40 ED</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 1200u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 600u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 19200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 9600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-3002</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2X-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax ReadyScan 636i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultima 1200 UB Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2000U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2100U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 3400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 3000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 7600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8600</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Хранение данных (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ADTEC Stick Drive AD-UST32M, 64M, 128M, 256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Denno FireWire/USB2 Removable 2.5-inch HDD Case MIFU-25CB20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FujiFilm Zip USB Drive ZDR100 USB A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GREEN HOUSE USB Flash Memory ``PicoDrive'' GH-UFD32M, 64M, 128M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 32MB USB Memory Key (P/N 22P5296)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM ThinkPad USB Portable CD-ROM Drive (P/N 33L5151)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB x6 CD-RW Drive CDRW-i64/USB (только CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB CD/CD-R/CD-RW/DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD-RAM/DVD-ROM Drive DVR-iUH2 (только CDROM,
+DVD-RAM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega Zip750 USB2.0 Drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Keian USB1.1/2.0 3.5-inch HDD Case KU350A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kurouto Shikou USB 2.5-inch HDD Case GAWAP2.5PS-USB2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB1.1/2.0 HDD Unit SHD-E60U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec Mobile USB Memory LMC-256UD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB Double-Speed Floppy Drive LFD-31U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB/IEEE1394 DVD-RAM/R/RW Unit LDR-N21FU2 (только CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 привод гибких дисков</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 MO Drive MO-CH640U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB/IEEE1394 Portable HD Drive HDP-i30P/CI, HDP-i40P/CI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk ``PetitDrive'', RUF-32M, -64M, -128M, -256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 Flash Disk ``PetitDrive2'', RUF-256M/U2, -512M/U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk ``ClipDrive'', RUF-C32M, -C64M, -C128M, -C256M, -C512M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtech USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI кабель</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NOVAC USB2.0 2.5/3.5-inch HDD Case NV-HD351U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic привод гибких дисков</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic USB2.0 Portable CD-RW Drive KXL-RW40AN (только CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC Systems USB2.0 Removable HDD Case U2-MDK1, U2-MDK1B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Portable CD-R/RW Drive CRX10U (только CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEAC Portable USB CD-ROM Unit CD-110PU/210PU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Y-E Data привод гибких дисков (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Аудио устройства (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvisor&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvisor</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following devices:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo 600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Visor</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm I705</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M125</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M130</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M505</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M515</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten Z</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire 31</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 5.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie PEG-S500C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie NX60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie S360</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.12. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for PCI/CardBus firewire interface cards. The driver supports the
+following IEEE 1394 OHCI chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-894x/AIC-5800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple Pangea</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple UniNorth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82372FB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lucent FW322/323</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72861</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72870</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72871/2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72873</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72874</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor CS4210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C551</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C552</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony CX3022</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD1947)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4410A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4451</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AA22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB21/A/AI/A-EP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB22/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB82AA2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA Fire II (VT6306)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Serial Bus Protocol 2 (SBP-2) устройства хранения (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.13. Bluetooth устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>PCCARD хост контроллеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bt3c&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bt3c</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com/HP 3CRWB6096-A PCCARD адаптер</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all Bluetooth USB devices that conform with the Bluetooth specification v1.1,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CREB96</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AIPTEK BR0R02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>EPoX BT-DG02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MSI MS-6967</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.14. Криптографические
+акселераторы</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports various cards containing the Hifn 7751, 7951, 7811, 7955, and 7956 chipsets,
+such as:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Invertex AEON</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hifn 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PowerCrypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>XL-Crypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetSec 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1201 and vpn1211</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1401 and vpn1411</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=safe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">safe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports cards containing any of the following chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1741</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsec</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports cards containing any of the following chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5501</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5601</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5801</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5802</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5805</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5821</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5822</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5823</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.15. Другие устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>Факс-модем/PCCARD</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IGM-PCM56K/IGM-PCM56KH</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia Card Phone 2.0 (gsm900/dcs1800 HSCSD терминал)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Приводы гибких дисков (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>VGA-совместимые видеокарты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vga&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vga</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Информация, относящаяся к отдельным видеокартам и совместимости с <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>, может быть найдена на <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Клавиатуры, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Курсорные устройства, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bus мышь и совместимые устройства (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mse&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mse</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 мышь и совместимые устройства, включая многие курсорные устройства на лэптопах
+(драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Последовательная мышь и совместимые устройства</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB мышь (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> На странице <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+находится дополнительная информация по использованию курсорных устройств в FreeBSD.
+Информация по использованию курсорных устройств с <b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>
+может быть найдена по адресу <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>``PC standard'' параллельные порты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>PC-совместимые джойстики (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=joy&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">joy</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-i386.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-i386.html
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-i386.html
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/i386 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/i386
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект документирования FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>Содержание</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">Введение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#PROC">Поддерживаемые процессоры и материнские платы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">Поддерживаемые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">Контроллеры дисков</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#ATM">ATM интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#WLAN">Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">Различные сетевые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#SERIAL">Последовательные интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#AUDIO">Аудио устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#CAMERA">Камеры и устройства видеозахвата</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#USB">Устройства USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">Криптографические акселераторы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#MISC">Другие устройства</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этом документе находится информация об аппаратной совместимости для FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE на аппаратной платформе i386 упоминаемой также как FreeBSD/i386 5.3-RELEASE).
+В этом списке находятся устройства, работающие на данной платформе, а также информация об
+отдельных настройках загрузки ядра, которые могут быть полезны при включении поддержки
+новых устройств.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> В этот документ включена информация, специфичная для аппаратной
+платформы i386. Версии информации об оборудовании для других архитектур будут отличаться
+в некоторых деталях.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2. Поддерживаемые процессоры и материнские
+платы</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD/i386 работает на самых разнообразных ``IBM PC совместимых'' компьютерах.
+Поскольку выбор оборудования для этой архитектуры огромен, невозможно дать полный список
+всех комбинаций оборудования, поддерживаемых FreeBSD. Тем не менее, здесь представлены
+некоторые общие правила.</p>
+
+<p>Поддерживаются почти все i386-совместимые процессоры. Поддерживаются все процессоры,
+начиная с 80386, включая 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III,
+Pentium 4 и их варианты, такие как Xeon и Celeron (однако, FreeBSD 5.2-RELEASE и более
+поздние не поддерживают процессор 80386SX processor). Поддерживаются также все i386
+совместимые процессоры AMD, включая Am486, Am5x86, K5, K6 (и варианты), Athlon (включая
+Athlon-MP, Athlon-XP, Athlon-4, и Athlon Thunderbird) и Duron. Поддерживается встроенный
+процессор AMD &Eacute;lan SC520. Transmeta Crusoe распознается и поддерживается, как и
+i386 совместимые процессоры от Cyrix и NexGen.</p>
+
+<p>Для этой архитектуры доступен широкий выбор материнских плат. Поддерживаются
+материнские платы, использующие шины расширения ISA, VLB, EISA, AGP, и PCI. Имеется
+ограниченная поддержка шины расширения MCA (``MicroChannel''), используемой в линейке PC
+IBM PS/2.</p>
+
+<p>Симметричные многопроцессорные системы (SMP) поддерживаются FreeBSD, хотя в некоторых
+случаях ошибки в BIOS или материнской плате могут вызвать проблемы. Внимательное чтение
+архивов <a href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-smp"
+target="_top">Список рассылки, посвящённый поддержке многопроцессорности (SMP) во
+FreeBSD</a> может дать некоторые решения.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD использует преимущества HyperThreading (HTT) на Intel CPU, которые
+поддерживают эту возможность. Ядро с включенным параметром <var
+class="LITERAL">options SMP</var> автоматически обнаружит дополнительные логические
+процессоры. Планировщик FreeBSD использует логические процессоры так же, как и
+дополнительные физические процессоры; другими словами, не делается попытки оптимизации
+распределения задач между логическими процессорами внутри одного CPU. Поскольку такое
+планирование может вызвать понижение производительности, при определенных условиях может
+быть полезным отключение логических процессоров переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">machdep.hlt_logical_cpus</var>. Возможен также останов любого CPU в цикле
+ожидания переменной sysctl <var class="VARNAME">machdep.hlt_cpus</var>. Страница <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">smp</span>(4)</span></a> содержит
+более подробную информацию.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD использует преимущество Physical Address Extensions (PAE) на CPU,
+поддерживающих эту возможность. Ядро с включенным <var class="LITERAL">PAE</var>
+обнаружит память свыше 4 гигабайт и включит использование ее в системе. Эта возможность
+накладывает ограничения на драйвера устройств и другие возможности FreeBSD, которые могут
+быть использованы; обратитесь к странице справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pae&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pae</span>(4)</span></a> за более
+подробной информацией.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD обычно работает на i386 лэптопах, хотя и с различным уровнем поддержки
+определенных возможностей оборудования, таких как звук, графика, управление
+энергопотреблением и слотами расширения PCCARD. Эти возможности на разных компьютерах
+реализованы самыми различными способами, и зачастую требуют специальной поддержки в
+FreeBSD для обхода аппаратных ошибок или нестандартного поведения. При возникновении
+проблем может помочь поиск в архивах <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-mobile" target="_top">Список
+рассылки FreeBSD, посвящённый переносным компьютерам</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Большинство современных лэптопов (как и многие десктопы) используют стандарт Advanced
+Configuration and Power Management (ACPI). FreeBSD поддерживает ACPI через реализацию
+ACPI Component Architecture от Intel, как описано в странице справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi</span>(4)</span></a>.
+Использование ACPI может повлечь нестабильную работу некоторых компьютеров и может
+потребоваться отключение ACPI драйвера, который обычно загружается через модуль ядра. Это
+может быть выполнено путем добавления к <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt>
+следующей строки:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"
+</pre>
+
+<p>Пользователи, выполняющие отладку ACPI, могут отключать ACPI по частям. Страница
+справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi</span>(4)</span></a> содержит
+более подробную информацию о том, как сделать это через переменные loader.</p>
+
+<p>ACPI зависит от Differentiated System Descriptor Table (DSDT), находящейся в BIOS
+каждого компьютера. DSDT некоторых компьютеров неполна, что не позволяет ACPI работать
+правильно. Замену DSDT для некоторых компьютеров можно найти в разделе <a
+href="http://acpi.sourceforge.net/dsdt/index.php" target="_top">DSDT</a> сайта проекта <a
+href="http://acpi.sourceforge.net/" target="_top">ACPI4Linux</a>. FreeBSD может
+использовать эти DSDT для перезаписи DSDT, находящихся в BIOS; обратитесь к странице
+справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi</span>(4)</span></a> за более
+подробной информацией.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. Поддерживаемые устройства</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.2 2004/09/23
+06:12:03 den Exp $
+
+<p>В этом разделе описаны устройства, поддерживаемые FreeBSD на платформе i386. Другие
+конфигурации также могут работать, они просто еще не были протестированы. Приветствуются
+замечания, обновления и исправления этого списка.</p>
+
+<p>Когда это возможно, приводится список драйверов для каждого устройства или класса
+устройств. Если у этого драйвера есть страница справочника в основной поставке FreeBSD
+(что верно для большинства драйверов), на нее дается ссылка. Информация по определенным
+моделям поддерживаемых устройств, контроллеров и т.д. может быть найдена в страницах
+справочника.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Список устройств в этом документе генерируется автоматически из
+страниц справочной системы FreeBSD. Это означает, что некоторые устройства,
+поддерживаемые несколькими драйверами, могут появляться несколько раз.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. Контроллеры дисков</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA контроллеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aic</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1505 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1510A, AHA-1510B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1520A, AHA-1520B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1522A, AHA-1522B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1535 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Labs SoundBlaster SCSI host adapter (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1460, AHA-1460B, AHA-1460C, AHA-1460D (PC Card)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1030B, AHA-1030P (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-100 (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aha&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aha</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI host adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-154xB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-154xC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-154xCF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-154xCP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1640</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-174x in 154x emulation mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DTC 3290 SCSI controller in 1542 emulation mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram SCSI controllers in 154x emulation mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahb</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI host adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1740</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1742</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1740A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1742A</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI host adapter chips and SCSI controller cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901A host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7902 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AAC-364</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2120S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2200S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2410SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2810SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 5400S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell CERC SATA RAID 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 320/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID 4M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adv</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP510/5150</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5140</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5142</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP902/3902</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3905</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3922</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3925</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP930, ABP930U, ABP930UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP960, ABP960U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP542</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP742</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP842</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UA/3940UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3960UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970, ABP970U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP752</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP852</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980, ABP980U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980UA/3980UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-USP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-PCI30 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC-USUP-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adw</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports SCSI controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UW/ABP3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3950U2W</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following BusLogic MultiMaster ``W'', ``C'', ``S'', and ``A'' series and compatible
+SCSI host adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-445C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-445S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-540CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-545C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-545S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic/BusTek BT-640</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-742A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-742A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757CD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-946C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-948</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-956C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-956CD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-958</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-958D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Storage Dimensions SDC3211B / SDC3211F</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>AMI FastDisk Host Adapters that are true BusLogic MultiMaster clones are also
+supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a> driver.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following RAID adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DPT Smart Cache Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache II (PM2?2?, PM2022 [EISA], PM2024/PM2124 [PCI]) (Gen2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID II (PM3?2?, PM3021, PM3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache III (PM2?3?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID III (PM3?3?, PM3332 [EISA], PM3334UW [PCI]) (Gen3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache IV (PM2?4?, PM2042 [EISA], PM2044/PM2144 [PCI]) (Gen4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID IV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The adapters currently supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=asr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">asr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec Zero-Channel SCSI RAID 2000S, 2005S, 2010S, 2015S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2100S, 2110S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ATA-100 RAID 2400A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 3200S, 3210S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 3400S, 3410S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM1554</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM1564</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2554</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2564</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2664</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2754</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2865</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM3754</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM3755U2B / SmartRAID V Millennium</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM3757</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC KZPCC-AC (LVD 1-ch, 4MB or 16MB cache), DEC KZPCC-CE (LVD 3-ch, 64MB cache), DEC
+KZPCC-XC (LVD 1-ch, 16MB cache), DEC KZPCC-XE (LVD 3-ch, 64MB cache) -- rebadged
+SmartRAID V Millennium</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Поддерживается загрузка с этих контроллеров. EISA адаптеры не
+поддерживаются.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PDU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PJ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB cache), KZPAC-CA
+(3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however it is
+always advisable to upgrade to the most recent firmware available for the controller.
+Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Поддерживается загрузка с этих контроллеров. EISA адаптеры не
+поддерживаются.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mly&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mly</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 170</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 352</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 2000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 3000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following ATA RAID controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 5000 series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 6000 series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7000-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7006-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8006-2LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-8MI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-12MI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twa</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following PATA/SATA RAID controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8MI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12MI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following NCR/Symbios SCSI controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controllers supported by <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> can be
+either embedded on a motherboard, or on one of the following add-on boards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following devices are currently supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncv</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA PCSC-DV</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KME KXLC002 (TAXAN ICD-400PN, etc.), KXLC004, and UJDCD450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macnica Miracle SCSI-II mPS110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Media Intelligent MSC-110, MSC-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-J03R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>New Media Corporation BASICS SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic Fast SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9530, REX-5572 (SCSI only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stg&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stg</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Future Domain SCSI2GO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Future Domain TMC-18XX/3260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM SCSI PCMCIA Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ICM PSC-2401 SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5536, REX-5536AM, REX-5536M, REX-9836A</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that the Adaptec 2920C is supported by the ahc(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-DP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390T</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alpha-Data AD-PCS201</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA CBSC16</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adaptec AIC-7110 Parallel to SCSI интерфейсы (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vpo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vpo</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The following controllers are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ida&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ida</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART Array 221</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Integrated SMART Array Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART Array 4200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART Array 4250ES</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART 3200 Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART 3100ES Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART-2/DH Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART-2/SL Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART-2/P Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART-2/E Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ciss&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ciss</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 532</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 5312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 641</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 642</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400 EM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6422</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array V100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 20 (MSA20)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 500 (MSA500)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iir&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">iir</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCMR</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-l (SRCU31a)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-1L (SRCU31La)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-2 (SRCU32)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>All past and future releases of Intel and ICP RAID Controllers.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU21 (discontinued)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31 (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31L (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SRCU31 and SRCU31L can be updated via a firmware update available from Intel.</p>
+
+<p>Promise SuperTrak ATA RAID контроллеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pst&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pst</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>IBM ServeRAID 3H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID 4L/4M/4H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID Series 5</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID 6i/6M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following controllers are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929 (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controller chips supprted by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+can be found onboard on many systems including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SCSI controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=trm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">trm</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-315 PCI Ultra SCSI adapter without BIOS and internal SCSI connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-315U PCI Ultra SCSI adapter without BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395F PCI Ultra-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS and 68-pin external SCSI
+connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395U PCI Ultra SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395UW PCI Ultra-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395U2W PCI Ultra2-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>For the Tekram DC-310/U and DC-390F/U/UW/U2B/U2W/U3W PCI SCSI host adapters, use the
+sym(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер wds(4) поддерживает контроллер WD7000 SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>Со всеми поддерживаемыми SCSI контроллерами, предоставлена полная поддержка периферии
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II и SCSI-III, включая жесткие диски, оптические диски, ленточные накопители
+(включая DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, и DLT), устройства смены носителей, устройства
+обработки и приводы CD-ROM. WORM устройства, поддерживающие команды CD-ROM,
+поддерживаются с доступом только для чтения приводами CD-ROM (такими как <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). Поддержка
+записи WORM/CD-R/CD-RW предоставляется <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, который
+является частью порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> из коллекции портов.</p>
+
+<p>На данный момент поддерживаются следующие системы CD-ROM типа:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI интерфейс (также включающий ProAudio Spectrum и SoundBlaster SCSI) (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matsushita CR-562, CR-563 и совместимые (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=matcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">matcd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony закрытый интерфейс (все модели) (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=scd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">scd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE интерфейс (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Следующие устройства не поддерживаются:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi закрытый интерфейс CD-ROM (все модели) (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mcd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Alteon Tigon I and II chips. The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been
+tested with the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985B-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital EtherWORKS 1000SX PCI Gigabit adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620 Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620T Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following adapters should also be supported but have not yet been tested:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asante GigaNIX1000T Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante PCI 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon PN9000SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Silicon Graphics PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports adapters and embedded controllers based on the AMD PCnet/FAST, PCnet/FAST+,
+PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO and PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE32-VL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolan BICC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolink 4110 (8 bit)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond HomeFree</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DEPCA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Vectra 486/66XM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Vectra XU</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Also supported are adapters working with the pcn(4) driver. The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+runs these in compatibility mode, thus the pcn(4) driver should be preferred.</p>
+
+<p>SMC 83c17x (EPIC) Ethernet сетевые карты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tx</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following Ethernet NICs:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c503 Etherlink II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AR-P500 Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1644 (old model), EN1646 (old model), EN2203 (old model) (110pin) (flags
+0xd00000)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2212/EN2216/UE2216</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis CentreCOM LA100-PCM_V2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis LA-98 (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis SIC-98, SIC-98NOTE (110pin), SIU-98 (flags 0x600000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis SIU-98-D (flags 0x610000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AmbiCom 10BaseT card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bay Networks NETGEAR FA410TXC Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet BC40 adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex Net-A adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98), RT-1007(98), C-NET(9N) (110pin) (flags 0xa00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)E-A, C-NET(98)L-A, C-NET(98)P (flags 0x300000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether98-T (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether PCC-T/EtherII PCC-T/FEther PCC-TXF/PCC-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CyQ've ELA-010</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC EtherWorks DE305</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Danpex EN-6200P2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DE-298, DE-298P (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DE-650/660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link IC-CARD/IC-CARD+ Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-98P (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-BDN, LD-NW801G (flags 0x200000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CDL/TX, LD-CDF, LD-CDS, LD-10/100CD, LD-CDWA (DP83902A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP PC Lan+ 27247B and 27252A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM Creditcard Ethernet I/II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ICM AD-ET2-T, DT-ET-25, DT-ET-T5, IF-2766ET, IF-2771ET, NB-ET-T (110pin) (flags
+0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA/T-98, LA/T-98SB, LA2/T-98, ET/T-98 (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA ET2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA PCLATE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kansai KLA-98C/T (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE-PC2, KNE-PCM/x Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EC2T/PCMPC100/PCM100, PCMLM56</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EtherFast 10/100 PC Card, Combo PCMCIA Ethernet Card (PCMPC100 V2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LAN-98T (flags 0xb00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA Ethernet ME1 for JEIDA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA ME98 (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA NE2098 (flags 0x400000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO EGY-98 (flags 0x300000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGH-98, LGY-98, LGY-98-N (110pin), IND-SP, IND-SS (flags 0x400000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TR</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LPC-T/LPC2-T/LPC2-CLT/LPC2-TX/LPC3-TX/LPC3-CLX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Ethernet Instant-Link</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-77, PC-9801-78 (flags 0x910000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-107, PC-9801-108 (flags 0x800000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor InfoMover NE4100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA-410TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetVin 5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Network Everywhere Ethernet 10BaseT PC Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Networld 98X3 (flags 0xd00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Networld EC-98X, EP-98X (flags 0xd10000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE1000/NE2000/NE2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX ENW-8300-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX EN-2298-C (flags 0x200000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX EN-2298P-T, EN-2298-T (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX FNW-3600-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RealTek 8029</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Elite 16 WD8013</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Elite Ultra</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EtherEZ98 (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC WD8003E/WD8003EBT/WD8003S/WD8003SBT/WD8003W/WD8013EBT/WD8013W and clones</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Socket LP-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom EtherPerfect EP-427</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom NE-34</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAK-CD031, Grey Cell GCS2000 Ethernet Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Telecom Device SuperSocket RE450T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA VT86C926</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Winbond W89C940</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>C-Bus, ISA, PCI and PC Card devices are supported.</p>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO(Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX(CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX (same as 530+?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO(PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Winbond W89C840F based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+VIA Technologies Rhine I, Rhine II, and Rhine III based Fast Ethernet adapters
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE530-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 and SiS 7016 based Fast Ethernet adapters and
+embedded controllers, as well as Fast Ethernet adapters based on the National
+Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter) chip. Supported adapters include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports National Semiconductor DP83820 and DP83821 based Gigabit Ethernet adapters
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIX 1000TA and 1000TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Addtron AEG320T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI) and EG1064 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA622T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA621</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Sundance Technologies ST201 based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded
+controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3COM 3C940 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5005 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EG1032 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9521 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9821 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9822 SK-NET GE-T dual port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9841 SK-NET GE-LX single port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9842 SK-NET GE-LX dual port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9843 SK-NET GE-SX single port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9844 SK-NET GE-SX dual port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 9452TX single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Texas Instruments ThunderLAN based Ethernet and Fast Ethernet adapters including a large
+number of Compaq PCI Ethernet adapters. Also supported are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2135/2138 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2325/OC-2326 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver also
+supports the built-in Ethernet adapters of various Compaq Prosignia servers and Compaq
+Deskpro desktop machines including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10 T PCI UTP/Coax</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Dual-Port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Proliant</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P Integrated</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P w/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+support for the following chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following NICs are known to work with the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver at this
+time:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX_NA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton USB320-EC, SpeedStream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AN986, AN8511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton USB100, USB100LP, USB100EL, USBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether FEther USB-T, FEther USB-TX, FEther USB-TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650, DSB-650TX, DSB-650TX-PNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-USBL/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elsa Microlink USB2Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP hn210e</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O Data USB ETTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNU101TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T adapters that contain the AN986 Pegasus chipset, USB10TA, USB10TX,
+USB100TX, USB100H1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LUA-TX, LUA2-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex UE-200TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Network Link (model number 133-06)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Siemens Speedstream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges smartNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2202USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHOware NUB100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports CATC USB-EL1210A based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U011/F5U111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges SmartLink</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Kawasaki LSI KL5KLUSB101B based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c19250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c460 HomeConnect Ethernet USB Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADS Technologies USB-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOX USB101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATen UC10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom URE 450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega USB-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega NET-USB-E45, NET-HUB-3U1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data USB ETT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kawasaki DU-H3E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear EA101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom USB Ethernet Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2102USB, 2104USB</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=axe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">axe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports ASIX Electronics AX88172 based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-U2-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DUBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB200M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>System TALKS Inc. SGC-X2UL</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports RealTek RTL8150 based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Green House GH-USB100B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB100M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton 10/100 FastEthernet USBKR2</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther USB-TXC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers and cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis RE1000, RE1000Plus, ME1500 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(98)P2, C-NET (9N)E (110-pin), C-NET(9N)C (ExtCard)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(PC)C PCMCIA Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Eiger Labs EPX-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu FMV-J182, FMV-J182A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MB86960A, MB86965A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MBH10303, MBH10302 Ethernet PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu Towa LA501 Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HITACHI HT-4840-11</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NextCom J Link NC5310</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5588, REX-9822, REX-4886, and REX-R280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9880/9881/9882/9883</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAC-98012, LAC-98013, LAC-98025, LAC-9N011 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAK-CD021, LAK-CD021A, LAK-CD021BX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ungermann-Bass Access/PC N98C+(PC85152, PC85142), Access/NOTE N98(PC86132)
+(110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ex&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ex</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following Ethernet adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/10+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>The Olicom OC2220</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ie&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ie</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+supports the following 8 and 16bit ISA Ethernet cards that are based on the Intel i82586
+chip:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3COM 3C507</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AT&amp;T EN100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AT&amp;T Starlan 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AT&amp;T Starlan Fiber</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress 16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RACAL Interlan NI5210</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ep&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ep</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Ethernet adapters based on the 3Com 3C5x9 Etherlink III Parallel Tasking chipset,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C1 CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509-TP, 3C509-BNC, 3C509-Combo, 3C509-TPO, 3C509-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509B-TP, 3C509B-BNC, 3C509B-Combo, 3C509B-TPO, 3C509B-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C529, 3C529-TP MCA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C562/3C563 PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C569B-J-TPO, 3C569B-J-COMBO CBUS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C574-TX, 3CCFE574BT, 3CXFE574BT, 3C3FE574BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C579-TP, 3C579-BNC EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C589, 3C589B, 3C589C, 3C589D, 3CXE589DT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CCFEM556B, 3CCFEM556BI PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CXE589EC, 3CCE589EC, 3CXE589ET, 3CCE589ET PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz 3CCEM556, 3CXEM556, 3CCEM556B, 3CXEM556B PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 3CXSH572BT, 3CCSH572BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon EtherMac PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=el&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">el</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the 3Com 3c501 8bit ISA Ethernet card.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following hardware:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, and 3c920B-EMB embedded adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Both the 3C656 family of CardBus cards and the 3C556 family of MiniPCI cards have a
+built-in proprietary modem. Neither the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver nor any
+other driver supports this modem.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c590 EtherLink III PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c592 EtherLink III EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c595 Fast EtherLink III PCI in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c597 Fast EtherLink III EISA in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 сетевые карты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cs&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cs</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sn</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+SMC9xxx based ISA and PCMCIA cards including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz X-Jack Ethernet PC-Card CC-10BT</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xe</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet (PS-CE2-10)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet + Modem 28 (PS-CEM-28)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet + Modem 33 (CEM33)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard 10/100 (CE3, CE3B)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet 10/100 + Modem 56 (CEM56)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10 (RE10)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10/100 (RE100)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10/100 + Modem 56 (REM56, REM56G)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton Fast EtherCard-16 (EN2226)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 PC Card (CPQ-10/100)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 PC Card Mobile Adapter 16 (Pro/100 M16A)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Other similar devices using the same hardware may also be supported.</p>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC TigerCard 1000 (SMC9462SX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500SX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for various NICs based on the Broadcom BCM570x family of Gigabit
+Ethernet controller chips, including the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c996-T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750 integrated BCM5704C NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2550 integrated BCM5700 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2650 integrated BCM5703 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM x235 server integrated BCM5703x NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7760 embedded Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7770 PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7781 embedded PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA302T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D21 (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D41 (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82540, 82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82546,
+82546EB and 82547 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82542 and 82543 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the on-board Ethernet interfaces of many Sun UltraSPARC workstation and server
+models. Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=my&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">my</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+support for various NICs based on the Myson chipset. Supported models include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD800 PCI Fast Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD803 PCI Fast Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD89X PCI Gigabit Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Broadcom BCM4401 based Fast Ethernet адаптеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S and RTL8110S based Fast Ethernet and Gigabit
+Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/10GbE LR Server Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/10GbE SR Server Adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports VIA Networking VT3119 and VT6122 based Gigabit Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>VIA Networking LAN-on-motherboard Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN650-T 64-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1701)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN670-T 32-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1702)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.3. FDDI интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>DEC DEFPA PCI (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>DEC DEFEA EISA (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.4. ATM интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Midway ATM интерфейсы (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=en&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">en</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. PCA-200E ATM PCI адаптеры (драйверы hfa и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>IDT NICStAR 77201/211 ATM адаптеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=idt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">idt</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. HE155 и HE622 ATM интерфейсы (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>IDT77252 ATM карты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.5. Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>NCR / AT&amp;T / Lucent Technologies WaveLan T1-speed ISA/radio LAN карты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wl</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Lucent Technologies WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11b беспроводные сетевые адаптеры и им подобные,
+использующие Lucent Hermes, Intersil PRISM-II, Intersil PRISM-2.5, Intersil Prism-3, и
+Symbol Spectrum24 чипсеты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cisco/Aironet 802.11b беспроводные адаптеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Raytheon Raylink 2.4GHz беспроводные адаптеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ray&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ray</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">awi</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Icom SL-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco WLI-PCM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEL SSMagic</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia C020 WLAN</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon SkyLINE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The original Xircom Netwave AirSurfer is supported by the cnw(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cnw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cnw</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Netwave</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetWave AirSurfer</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following cards are among those supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ath&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ath</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Aztech WL830PC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-A650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-AB650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-A520</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-AG520</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-AG650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-G520B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-G650B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-WL54AG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-WL54</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu E5454</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu FMV-JW481</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu E5454</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NC4000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data WN-AB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data WN-AG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data WN-A54</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys WMP55AG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys WPC51AB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys WPC55AG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PA-WL/54AG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WAG311</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WAB501</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WAG511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WG311</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WG311T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WG511T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Orinoco 8480</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Orinoco 8470WD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Proxim Skyline 4030</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Proxim Skyline 4032</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Samsung SWL-5200N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC SMC2735W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony PCWA-C700</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony PCWA-C300S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony PCWA-C500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CRPAG175</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>An up to date list can be found at <a
+href="http://customerproducts.atheros.com/customerproducts"
+target="_top">http://customerproducts.atheros.com/customerproducts</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.6. Различные сетевые
+устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-22, Sigma-24</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-400, Sigma-401, Sigma-404, Sigma-410, Sigma-440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-703</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-800, Sigma-801, Sigma-810, Sigma-840</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following models of Tau-PCI WAN adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI/R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-G703</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-2E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-4E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-E3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-T3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-STS1</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctau&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ctau</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau (RS-232/V.35)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau/R (RS-530/RS-449)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau/E1 (fractional E1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau/G703 (unframed E1)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Granch SBNI12 коммуникационные адаптеры точка-к-точке (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbni&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbni</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Granch SBNI16 SHDSL модемы (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbsh&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbsh</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cm</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following card models:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC90c26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC90c56</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC90c66 in '56 compatibility mode.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.7. ISDN интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>AcerISDN P10 ISA PnP (экспериментальный)</p>
+
+<p>Asuscom ISDNlink 128K ISA</p>
+
+<p>ASUSCOM P-IN100-ST-D (и другие карты на Winbond W6692)</p>
+
+<p>AVM</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>A1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>B1 ISA (протестировано с V2.0)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>B1 PCI (протестировано с V4.0)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fritz!Card classic</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fritz!Card PnP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fritz!Card PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fritz!Card PCI, Version 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>T1</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Creatix</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISDN-S0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISDN-S0 P&amp;P</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Compaq Microcom 610 ISDN (Compaq series PSB2222I) ISA PnP</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Neuhaus Niccy Go@ и совместимые</p>
+
+<p>Dynalink IS64PPH и IS64PPH+</p>
+
+<p>Eicon Diehl DIVA 2.0 и 2.02</p>
+
+<p>ELSA</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ELSA PCC-16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>QuickStep 1000pro ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MicroLink ISDN/PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>QuickStep 1000pro PCI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ITK ix1 Micro ( &lt; V.3, не-PnP версия )</p>
+
+<p>Sedlbauer Win Speed</p>
+
+<p>Siemens I-Surf 2.0</p>
+
+<p>TELEINT ISDN SPEED No.1 (экспериментальная)</p>
+
+<p>Teles</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>S0/8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>S0/16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>S0/16.3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>S0/16.3 PnP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16.3c ISA PnP (экспериментальная)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Teles PCI-TJ</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Traverse Technologies NETjet-S PCI</p>
+
+<p>USRobotics Sportster ISDN TA intern</p>
+
+<p>Winbond W6692 based PCI карты</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.8. Последовательные интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, и 16550 последовательные порты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Последовательная карта AST на 4 порта с совместным использованием IRQ</p>
+
+<p>Последовательные карты ARNET (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ar&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ar</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Последовательная карта ARNET на 8 портов с совместным использованием IRQ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARNET (теперь Digiboard) Sync 570/i high-speed serial</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Boca многопортовые последовательные карты</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Boca BB1004 4-Port последовательная карта (модемы <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">не</i></span> поддерживаются)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Boca IOAT66 6-Port последовательная карта (модемы поддерживаются)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Boca BB1008 8-Port последовательная карта (модемы <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">не</i></span> поддерживаются)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Boca BB2016 16-Port последовательная карта (модемы поддерживаются)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Comtrol Rocketport карта (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cyclades Cyclom-Y serial board (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cy&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cy</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>STB на 4 порта с совместным использованием IRQ</p>
+
+<p>DigiBoard intelligent serial cards (драйвер digi)</p>
+
+<p>PCI-Based многопортовые последовательные карты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=puc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">puc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Actiontech 56K PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avlab Technology, PCI IO 2S и PCI IO 4S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Comtrol RocketPort 550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Decision Computers PCCOM 4-портовая последовательная с двумя портами RS232/422/485</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dolphin Peripherals 4025/4035/4036</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IC Book Labs Dreadnought 16x Lite и Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lava Computers 2SP-PCI/DSerial-PCI/Quattro-PCI/Octopus-550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Middle Digital, Weasle последовательный порт</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Moxa Industio CP-114, Smartio C104H-PCI и C168H/PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PK-UG-X001 и PK-UG-X008</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netmos NM9835 PCI-2S-550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oxford Semiconductor OX16PCI954 PCI UART</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Syba Tech SD-LAB PCI-4S2P-550-ECP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber I/O PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 2P1S PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 2S1P PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 4S PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber Serial (Single и Dual) PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Syba Tech Ltd. PCI-4S2P-550-ECP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Titan PCI-200H и PCI-800H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>US Robotics (3Com) 3CP5609 модем</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VScom PCI-400 и PCI-800</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>SDL Communication последовательные платы</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SDL Communications Riscom/8 Serial Board (драйвер rc)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SDL Communications RISCom/N2 и N2pci высокоскоростные последовательные платы (драйвер
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sr</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Specialix SI/XIO/SX многопортовые последовательные карты, с старым SIHOST2.x и новым
+``расширенным'' (transputer based, aka JET) host картами (поддерживаются ISA, EISA и PCI)
+(драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=si&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">si</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.9. Аудио устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Analog Devices AD1816</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4281</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1E (ES1946 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that older ESS ISA cards with ES18xx chipset are supported via snd_ess(4) and/or
+snd_sbc(4).</p>
+
+<p>Advance (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asound 100 и 110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logic ALS120 и ALS4000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8338</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8738</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS461x/462x Audio Accelerator</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4280 Audio Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Some onboard CS4610 chips are accompanied by the CS423x ISA codec instead of the
+CS4297 AC97 codec. Such configurations are not supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver yet.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>All cards with ES1370/1371 chipset (including SoundBlaster PCI128)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ESS</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ES1868, ES1869, ES1879 и ES1888 (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Maestro-1, Maestro-2, и Maestro-2E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Maestro-3/Allegro</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> The Maestro-3/Allegro не может быть встроен в ядро FreeBSD
+вследствие лицензионных ограничений. Для использования этого драйвера добавьте в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt> следующую строку:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">snd_maestro3_load="YES"</kbd>
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ForteMedia fm801</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound MAX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Intel 443MX, 810, 815, и 815E встроенные звуковые устройства (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>MSS/WSS Compatible DSPs (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>NeoMagic 256AV/ZX (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>OPTi 931/82C931 (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>S3 Sonicvibes</p>
+
+<p>Creative Technologies SoundBlaster series (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-32</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-64</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-64 GOLD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster ViBRA-16</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Audigy (EMU10K2 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Trident 4DWave DX/NX (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>VIA Technologies VT82C686A</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.10. Камеры и устройства
+видеозахвата</a></h3>
+
+<p>Brooktree Bt848/849/878/879 устройства захвата изображений (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bktr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bktr</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Connectix QuickCam</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.11. Устройства USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>Поддерживается большой диапазон USB периферии; устройства, работоспособность которых
+известна, приведены в этом разделе. Вследствие простой архитектуры большинства USB
+устройств, за редкими исключениями любое устройство поддерживаемого класса будет
+работать, даже если оно явно не приведено здесь.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> USB Ethernet адаптеры могут быть найдены в разделе <a
+href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet интерфейсы</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> USB Bluetooth адаптеры могут быть найдены в разделе <a
+href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all OHCI v1.0 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all UHCI v1.1 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>USB 2.0 контроллеры, использующие EHCI интерфейс (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ehci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ehci</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Концентраторы</p>
+
+<p>Клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Различные устройства</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Assist Computer Systems PC Camera C-M1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ActiveWire I/O Board</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Technology Video Blaster WebCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond Rio 500, 600, и 800 MP3 плееры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=urio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">urio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-R100 USB Radio (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ufm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ufm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mirunet AlphaCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Devices supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umodem&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umodem</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 5605</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Metricom Ricochet GS USB wireless modem</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha Broadband Wireless Router RTW65b</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Мышь (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Принтеры и переходные кабели к параллельным принтерам (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ulpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ulpt</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATen адаптер параллельного принтера</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U002 адаптер параллельного принтера</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon BJ F850, S600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon LBP-1310, 350</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega адаптер USB к параллельному порту</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett-Packard HP Deskjet 3420 (P/N: C8947A #ABJ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oki Data MICROLINE ML660PS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Seiko Epson PM-900C, 880C, 820C, 730C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsa</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U103</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>e-Tek Labs Kwik232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GoHubs GoCOM232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom single port serial adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support the BWCT console management serial adapters.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uftdi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uftdi</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>HP USB-Serial adapter shipped with some HP laptops</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Inland UAS111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>QVS USC-1000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uplcom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uplcom</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATEN UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM UC-SGT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HAL Corporation Crossam2+USB IR commander</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IOGEAR UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX USB-RS232 URS-03</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-USB60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Serial Link (model number 133-08)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOURCENEXT KeikaiDenwa 8 (with and without charger)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Ericsson USB Cable (Susteen USB Data Cable)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following devices are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uscanner&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uscanner</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 320U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 620U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan C310U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1212U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e25</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e40</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e50</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e52</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan Touch</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avision 1200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N656U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N676U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 30</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 610</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 636U / 636Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1200U / 1200Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1240U / 1240Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Expression 1600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1640SU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1670</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 3200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-8400UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9300UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9700F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Photosmart S20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 2200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3400CSE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4100C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5400C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KYE ColorPage Vivid-Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom 336CX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom C6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6UL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6USL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker X6U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Minolta 5400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 600 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 UB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200TA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NatSemi BearPaw 1200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nikon CoolScan LS40 ED</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 1200u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 600u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 19200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 9600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-3002</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2X-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax ReadyScan 636i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultima 1200 UB Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2000U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2100U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 3400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 3000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 7600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8600</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Хранение данных (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ADTEC Stick Drive AD-UST32M, 64M, 128M, 256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Denno FireWire/USB2 Removable 2.5-inch HDD Case MIFU-25CB20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FujiFilm Zip USB Drive ZDR100 USB A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GREEN HOUSE USB Flash Memory ``PicoDrive'' GH-UFD32M, 64M, 128M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 32MB USB Memory Key (P/N 22P5296)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM ThinkPad USB Portable CD-ROM Drive (P/N 33L5151)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB x6 CD-RW Drive CDRW-i64/USB (только CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB CD/CD-R/CD-RW/DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD-RAM/DVD-ROM Drive DVR-iUH2 (только CDROM,
+DVD-RAM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega USB Zip 100Mb (поддержка все еще примитивна)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega Zip750 USB2.0 Drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Keian USB1.1/2.0 3.5-inch HDD Case KU350A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kurouto Shikou USB 2.5-inch HDD Case GAWAP2.5PS-USB2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB1.1/2.0 HDD Unit SHD-E60U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec Mobile USB Memory LMC-256UD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB Double-Speed Floppy Drive LFD-31U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB/IEEE1394 DVD-RAM/R/RW Unit LDR-N21FU2 (только CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 привод гибких дисков</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 MO Drive MO-CH640U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB/IEEE1394 Portable HD Drive HDP-i30P/CI, HDP-i40P/CI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk ``PetitDrive'', RUF-32M, -64M, -128M, -256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 Flash Disk ``PetitDrive2'', RUF-256M/U2, -512M/U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk ``ClipDrive'', RUF-C32M, -C64M, -C128M, -C256M, -C512M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtech USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI кабель</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NOVAC USB2.0 2.5/3.5-inch HDD Case NV-HD351U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic привод гибких дисков</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic USB2.0 Portable CD-RW Drive KXL-RW40AN (только CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC Systems USB2.0 Removable HDD Case U2-MDK1, U2-MDK1B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Portable CD-R/RW Drive CRX10U (только CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEAC Portable USB CD-ROM Unit CD-110PU/210PU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Y-E Data привод гибких дисков (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Аудио устройства (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvisor&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvisor</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following devices:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo 600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Visor</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm I705</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M125</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M130</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M505</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M515</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten Z</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire 31</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 5.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie PEG-S500C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie NX60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie S360</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.12. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for PCI/CardBus firewire interface cards. The driver supports the
+following IEEE 1394 OHCI chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-894x/AIC-5800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple Pangea</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple UniNorth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82372FB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lucent FW322/323</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72861</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72870</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72871/2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72873</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72874</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor CS4210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C551</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C552</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony CX3022</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD1947)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4410A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4451</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AA22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB21/A/AI/A-EP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB22/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB82AA2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA Fire II (VT6306)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Serial Bus Protocol 2 (SBP-2) устройства хранения (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.13. Bluetooth устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>PCCARD хост контроллеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bt3c&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bt3c</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com/HP 3CRWB6096-A PCCARD адаптер</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all Bluetooth USB devices that conform with the Bluetooth specification v1.1,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CREB96</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AIPTEK BR0R02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>EPoX BT-DG02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MSI MS-6967</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.14. Криптографические
+акселераторы</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports various cards containing the Hifn 7751, 7951, 7811, 7955, and 7956 chipsets,
+such as:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Invertex AEON</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hifn 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PowerCrypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>XL-Crypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetSec 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1201 and vpn1211</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1401 and vpn1411</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=safe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">safe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports cards containing any of the following chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1741</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsec</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports cards containing any of the following chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5501</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5601</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5801</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5802</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5805</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5821</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5822</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5823</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.15. Другие устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>Факс-модем/PCCARD</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IGM-PCM56K/IGM-PCM56KH</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia Card Phone 2.0 (gsm900/dcs1800 HSCSD терминал)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Приводы гибких дисков (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>VGA-совместимые видеокарты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vga&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vga</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Информация, относящаяся к отдельным видеокартам и совместимости с <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>, может быть найдена на <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Клавиатуры, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AT клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Курсорные устройства, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bus мышь и совместимые устройства (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mse&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mse</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 мышь и совместимые устройства, включая многие курсорные устройства на лэптопах
+(драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Последовательная мышь и совместимые устройства</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB мышь (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> На странице <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+находится дополнительная информация по использованию курсорных устройств в FreeBSD.
+Информация по использованию курсорных устройств с <b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>
+может быть найдена по адресу <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>``PC standard'' параллельные порты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>PC-совместимые джойстики (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=joy&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">joy</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>PHS Data Communication Card/PCCARD</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>NTT DoCoMo P-in Comp@ct</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KX-PH405</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SII MC-P200</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Xilinx XC6200 перенастраиваемые аппаратные карты, совместимые с HOT1 от <a
+href="http://www.vcc.com/" target="_top">Virtual Computers</a> (драйвер xrpu).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-ia64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-ia64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..835e7e9354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-ia64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,2713 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/ia64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/ia64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект документирования FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>Содержание</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">Введение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#PROC-IA64">Поддерживаемые процессоры и материнские платы</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#AEN39">Обзор поддерживаемых устройств</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">Поддерживаемые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">Контроллеры дисков</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#ATM">ATM интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#WLAN">Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">Различные сетевые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#SERIAL">Последовательные интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#AUDIO">Аудио устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#CAMERA">Камеры и устройства видеозахвата</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#USB">Устройства USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">Криптографические акселераторы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#MISC">Другие устройства</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>Это предварительный документ. Он неполон и нуждается в дополнительной информации.
+Пожалуйста, отправляйте дополнительную информацию по IA-64 процессорам, материнским
+платам, и различным устройствам, работающим в FreeBSD в <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ia64" target="_top">Список
+рассылки, посвящённый портированию FreeBSD на архитектуру IA64</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этом документе находится информация об аппаратной совместимости для FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE на аппаратной платформе IA-64 упоминаемой также как FreeBSD/ia64
+5.3-RELEASE). В этом списке находятся устройства, работающие на данной платформе, а также
+информация об отдельных настройках загрузки ядра, которые могут быть полезны при
+включении поддержки новых устройств.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> В этот документ включена информация, специфичная для аппаратной
+платформы IA-64. Версии информации об оборудовании для других архитектур будут отличаться
+в некоторых деталях.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Дополнительная информация по FreeBSD/ia64 находится на странице <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/ia64/index.html" target="_top">FreeBSD/ia64
+Project</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="PROC-IA64" name="PROC-IA64">2. Поддерживаемые процессоры и
+материнские платы</a></h2>
+
+<p>В настоящее время поддерживаются процессоры <a
+href="http://www.intel.com/design/itanium/itanium/index.htm" target="_top">Itanium</a> и
+<a href="http://www.intel.com/design/itanium2/index.htm" target="_top">Itanium 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Поддерживаемые чипсеты включают:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>HP zx1 (только в ветви разработки, смотрите <a href="http://perforce.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">Perforce repository</a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP i2000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 460GX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel E8870</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Обе конфигурации, Uniprocessor (UP) и Symmetric Multi-processor (SMP) находятся в
+активной разработке. На данный момент SMP системы считаются менее стабильными.
+Приоритетом является работа над UP для увеличения стабильности.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN39" name="AEN39">2.1. Обзор поддерживаемых устройств</a></h3>
+
+<p>В этом разделе находится дополнительная информация о устройствах, которые могут
+поддерживаться или не поддерживаться FreeBSD/ia64.</p>
+
+<p>За исключением встроенных в PC чипсет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>
+контроллеров, большинство должны работать сразу. Со временем ожидается поддержка всех
+ia64-совместимых ATA контроллеров. Обратитесь к следующим разделам за информацией по
+различным дисковым контроллерам и их текущему статусу.</p>
+
+<p>В общем случае, ``PC standard'' последовательные порты, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>, должны
+работать на Intel legacy компьютерах, но не на PA компьютерах. Причина в том, что все
+устройства на компьютерах HP отображаются в память и и ISA устройства не поддерживаются,
+за исключением PCI dictated VGA legacy.</p>
+
+<p>В дополнению к устройствам <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>,
+следующие устройства не работают на не Intel legacy компьютерах (но должны работать на
+компьютерах Intel legacy), поскольку их драйвера делают ISA-специфичные предположения,
+которые не работают:</p>
+
+<div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN55" name="AEN55"></a>
+<table border="0" frame="void" class="CALSTABLE">
+<col />
+<col />
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a></td>
+<td>Нет поддержки ввода-вывода с отображением в память</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syscons</span>(4)</span></a></td>
+<td>Тестирование BIOS, VGA, и т.д.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a></td>
+<td>Тестирование MSS ISA портов <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ad
+nauseum</i></span></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a></td>
+<td>Жестко заданная адресация ISA портов</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. Поддерживаемые устройства</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.2 2004/09/23
+06:12:03 den Exp $
+
+<p>В этом разделе описаны устройства, поддерживаемые FreeBSD на платформе IA-64. Другие
+конфигурации также могут работать, они просто еще не были протестированы. Приветствуются
+замечания, обновления и исправления этого списка.</p>
+
+<p>Когда это возможно, приводится список драйверов для каждого устройства или класса
+устройств. Если у этого драйвера есть страница справочника в основной поставке FreeBSD
+(что верно для большинства драйверов), на нее дается ссылка. Информация по определенным
+моделям поддерживаемых устройств, контроллеров и т.д. может быть найдена в страницах
+справочника.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Список устройств в этом документе генерируется автоматически из
+страниц справочной системы FreeBSD. Это означает, что некоторые устройства,
+поддерживаемые несколькими драйверами, могут появляться несколько раз.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. Контроллеры дисков</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA контроллеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI host adapter chips and SCSI controller cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901A host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7902 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AAC-364</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2120S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2200S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2410SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2810SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 5400S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell CERC SATA RAID 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 320/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID 4M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following RAID adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DPT Smart Cache Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache II (PM2?2?, PM2022 [EISA], PM2024/PM2124 [PCI]) (Gen2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID II (PM3?2?, PM3021, PM3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache III (PM2?3?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID III (PM3?3?, PM3332 [EISA], PM3334UW [PCI]) (Gen3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache IV (PM2?4?, PM2042 [EISA], PM2044/PM2144 [PCI]) (Gen4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID IV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PDU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PJ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB cache), KZPAC-CA
+(3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however it is
+always advisable to upgrade to the most recent firmware available for the controller.
+Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mly&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mly</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 170</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 352</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 2000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 3000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controllers supported by <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> can be
+either embedded on a motherboard, or on one of the following add-on boards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ciss&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ciss</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 532</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 5312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 641</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 642</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400 EM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6422</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array V100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 20 (MSA20)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 500 (MSA500)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iir&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">iir</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCMR</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-l (SRCU31a)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-1L (SRCU31La)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-2 (SRCU32)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>All past and future releases of Intel and ICP RAID Controllers.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU21 (discontinued)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31 (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31L (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SRCU31 and SRCU31L can be updated via a firmware update available from Intel.</p>
+
+<p>The following controllers are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929 (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controller chips supprted by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+can be found onboard on many systems including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Со всеми поддерживаемыми SCSI контроллерами, предоставлена полная поддержка периферии
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II и SCSI-III, включая жесткие диски, оптические диски, ленточные накопители
+(включая DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, и DLT), устройства смены носителей, устройства
+обработки и приводы CD-ROM. WORM устройства, поддерживающие команды CD-ROM,
+поддерживаются с доступом только для чтения приводами CD-ROM (такими как <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). Поддержка
+записи WORM/CD-R/CD-RW предоставляется <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, который
+является частью порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> из коллекции портов.</p>
+
+<p>На данный момент поддерживаются следующие системы CD-ROM типа:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI интерфейс (также включающий ProAudio Spectrum и SoundBlaster SCSI) (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE интерфейс (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports adapters and embedded controllers based on the AMD PCnet/FAST, PCnet/FAST+,
+PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO and PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO(Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX(CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX (same as 530+?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO(PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 and SiS 7016 based Fast Ethernet adapters and
+embedded controllers, as well as Fast Ethernet adapters based on the National
+Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter) chip. Supported adapters include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+support for the following chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following NICs are known to work with the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver at this
+time:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX_NA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton USB320-EC, SpeedStream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AN986, AN8511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton USB100, USB100LP, USB100EL, USBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether FEther USB-T, FEther USB-TX, FEther USB-TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650, DSB-650TX, DSB-650TX-PNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-USBL/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elsa Microlink USB2Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP hn210e</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O Data USB ETTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNU101TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T adapters that contain the AN986 Pegasus chipset, USB10TA, USB10TX,
+USB100TX, USB100H1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LUA-TX, LUA2-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex UE-200TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Network Link (model number 133-06)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Siemens Speedstream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges smartNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2202USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHOware NUB100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports CATC USB-EL1210A based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U011/F5U111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges SmartLink</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Kawasaki LSI KL5KLUSB101B based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c19250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c460 HomeConnect Ethernet USB Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADS Technologies USB-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOX USB101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATen UC10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom URE 450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega USB-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega NET-USB-E45, NET-HUB-3U1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data USB ETT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kawasaki DU-H3E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear EA101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom USB Ethernet Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2102USB, 2104USB</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following hardware:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, and 3c920B-EMB embedded adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Both the 3C656 family of CardBus cards and the 3C556 family of MiniPCI cards have a
+built-in proprietary modem. Neither the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver nor any
+other driver supports this modem.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c590 EtherLink III PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c592 EtherLink III EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c595 Fast EtherLink III PCI in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c597 Fast EtherLink III EISA in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for various NICs based on the Broadcom BCM570x family of Gigabit
+Ethernet controller chips, including the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c996-T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750 integrated BCM5704C NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2550 integrated BCM5700 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2650 integrated BCM5703 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM x235 server integrated BCM5703x NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7760 embedded Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7770 PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7781 embedded PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA302T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D21 (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D41 (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82540, 82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82546,
+82546EB and 82547 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the on-board Ethernet interfaces of many Sun UltraSPARC workstation and server
+models. Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S and RTL8110S based Fast Ethernet and Gigabit
+Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.3. FDDI интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.4. ATM интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.5. Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.6. Различные сетевые
+устройства</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.7. ISDN интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.8. Последовательные интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, и 16550 последовательные порты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>PCI-Based многопортовые последовательные карты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=puc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">puc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Diva Serial (GSP) Multiport UART (только в ветви разработки)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.9. Аудио устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Analog Devices AD1816</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4281</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1E (ES1946 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that older ESS ISA cards with ES18xx chipset are supported via snd_ess(4) and/or
+snd_sbc(4).</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8338</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8738</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS461x/462x Audio Accelerator</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4280 Audio Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Some onboard CS4610 chips are accompanied by the CS423x ISA codec instead of the
+CS4297 AC97 codec. Such configurations are not supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver yet.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>All cards with ES1370/1371 chipset (including SoundBlaster PCI128)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound MAX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Audigy (EMU10K2 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.10. Камеры и устройства
+видеозахвата</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.11. Устройства USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all OHCI v1.0 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all UHCI v1.1 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>USB 2.0 контроллеры, использующие EHCI интерфейс (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ehci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ehci</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.12. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for PCI/CardBus firewire interface cards. The driver supports the
+following IEEE 1394 OHCI chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-894x/AIC-5800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple Pangea</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple UniNorth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82372FB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lucent FW322/323</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72861</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72870</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72871/2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72873</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72874</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor CS4210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C551</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C552</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony CX3022</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD1947)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4410A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4451</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AA22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB21/A/AI/A-EP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB22/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB82AA2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA Fire II (VT6306)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.13. Bluetooth устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all Bluetooth USB devices that conform with the Bluetooth specification v1.1,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CREB96</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AIPTEK BR0R02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>EPoX BT-DG02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MSI MS-6967</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.14. Криптографические
+акселераторы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.15. Другие устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>VGA-совместимые видеокарты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vga&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vga</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Информация, относящаяся к отдельным видеокартам и совместимости с <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>, может быть найдена на <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Клавиатуры, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Курсорные устройства, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 мышь и совместимые устройства, включая многие курсорные устройства на лэптопах
+(драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Последовательная мышь и совместимые устройства</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> На странице <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+находится дополнительная информация по использованию курсорных устройств в FreeBSD.
+Информация по использованию курсорных устройств с <b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>
+может быть найдена по адресу <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/pc98 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/pc98
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект документирования FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>Содержание</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">Введение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#SUPPORT-SYS">Поддерживаемые системы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">Поддерживаемые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">Контроллеры дисков</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#ATM">ATM интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#WLAN">Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">Различные сетевые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#SERIAL">Последовательные интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#AUDIO">Аудио устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#CAMERA">Камеры и устройства видеозахвата</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#USB">Устройства USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">Криптографические акселераторы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#MISC">Другие устройства</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этом документе находится информация об аппаратной совместимости для FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE на аппаратной платформе NEC PC-98x1 упоминаемой также как FreeBSD/pc98
+5.3-RELEASE). В этом списке находятся устройства, работающие на данной платформе, а также
+информация об отдельных настройках загрузки ядра, которые могут быть полезны при
+включении поддержки новых устройств.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> В этот документ включена информация, специфичная для аппаратной
+платформы NEC PC-98x1. Версии информации об оборудовании для других архитектур будут
+отличаться в некоторых деталях.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT-SYS" name="SUPPORT-SYS">2. Поддерживаемые
+системы</a></h2>
+
+<p>NEC PC-9801/9821 series с почти всеми i386-совместимыми процессорами, включая 80386,
+80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, и их варианты. Все i386-совместимые процессоры
+AMD, Cyrix, IBM и IDT также поддерживаются.</p>
+
+<p>NEC FC-9801/9821 series, и NEC SV-98 series (обе совместимы с PC-9801/9821 series)
+должны поддерживаться.</p>
+
+<p>EPSON PC-386/486/586 series, совместимые с NEC PC-9801 series, поддерживаются.</p>
+
+<p>Режим высокого разрешения не поддерживается. NEC PC-98XA/XL/RL/XL^2 и NEC PC-H98
+series поддерживаются только в нормальном (PC-9801 совместимом) режиме.</p>
+
+<p>Хотя существуют некоторые многопроцессорные системы (такие как Rs20/B20), SMP
+возможности FreeBSD еще не поддерживаются.</p>
+
+<p>Стандартная шина PC-9801/9821 (называемая C-Bus), шина расширения PC-9801NOTE
+(110pin), и шина PCI поддерживаются. Шина New Extend Standard Architecture (NESA)
+(используемая в PC-H98, SV-H98, и FC-H98 series) не поддерживается.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. Поддерживаемые устройства</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.2 2004/09/23
+06:12:03 den Exp $
+
+<p>В этом разделе описаны устройства, поддерживаемые FreeBSD на платформе NEC PC-98x1.
+Другие конфигурации также могут работать, они просто еще не были протестированы.
+Приветствуются замечания, обновления и исправления этого списка.</p>
+
+<p>Когда это возможно, приводится список драйверов для каждого устройства или класса
+устройств. Если у этого драйвера есть страница справочника в основной поставке FreeBSD
+(что верно для большинства драйверов), на нее дается ссылка. Информация по определенным
+моделям поддерживаемых устройств, контроллеров и т.д. может быть найдена в страницах
+справочника.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Список устройств в этом документе генерируется автоматически из
+страниц справочной системы FreeBSD. Это означает, что некоторые устройства,
+поддерживаемые несколькими драйверами, могут появляться несколько раз.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. Контроллеры дисков</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA контроллеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA контроллеры (драйвер wdc)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Встроенный IDE контроллер</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aic</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1505 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1510A, AHA-1510B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1520A, AHA-1520B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1522A, AHA-1522B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1535 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Labs SoundBlaster SCSI host adapter (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1460, AHA-1460B, AHA-1460C, AHA-1460D (PC Card)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1030B, AHA-1030P (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-100 (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI host adapter chips and SCSI controller cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ct&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ct</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM bus-master SCSI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ICM IF-2660, IF-2766, IF-2766ET, IF-2767 and IF-2769</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-N151 and LHA-20x series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Midori-Denshi MDC-554NA and MDC-926R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-55, 92 and compatibles</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMIT transfer type SCSI host adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEXA HA-55BS2 and its later models</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>NEC PC-9801-55, 92 и совместимые с ними C-Bus SCSI интерфейсы (драйвер bs)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-55, 92 и совместимые с ними</p>
+
+<p>ICM IF-2660</p>
+
+<p>Midori-Denshi MDC-554NA</p>
+
+<p>Logitec LHA-N151</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> параметр <var class="LITERAL">flags 0x00000</var> должен
+присутствовать в файле настройки ядра для режима передачи DMA.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98II</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> параметр <var class="LITERAL">flags 0x10000</var> должен
+присутствовать в файле настройки ядра для режима передачи DMA.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEXA HA-55BS2 и более поздние</p>
+
+<p>Midori-Denshi MDC-926Rs</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> параметр <var class="LITERAL">flags 0x20000</var> должен
+присутствовать в файле настройки ядра для режима передачи Bus-master.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Bus-master SCSI интерфейсы</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> параметр <var class="LITERAL">flags 0x30000</var> должен
+присутствовать в файле настройки ядра для режима передачи Bus-master.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Все SMIT transfer type SCSI интерфейсы</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> параметр <var class="LITERAL">flags 0x40000</var> должен
+присутствовать в файле настройки ядра для режима передачи SMIT.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-20x series</p>
+
+<p>ICM IF-2766, IF-2766ET, IF-2767 и IF-2769</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> параметр <var class="LITERAL">flags 0x50000</var> должен
+присутствовать в файле настройки ядра для режима передачи Bus-master.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adv</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP510/5150</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5140</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5142</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP902/3902</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3905</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3922</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3925</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP930, ABP930U, ABP930UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP960, ABP960U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP542</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP742</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP842</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UA/3940UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3960UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970, ABP970U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP752</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP852</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980, ABP980U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980UA/3980UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-USP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-PCI30 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC-USUP-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adw</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports SCSI controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UW/ABP3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3950U2W</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following NCR/Symbios SCSI controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controllers supported by <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> can be
+either embedded on a motherboard, or on one of the following add-on boards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following devices are currently supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncv</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA PCSC-DV</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KME KXLC002 (TAXAN ICD-400PN, etc.), KXLC004, and UJDCD450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macnica Miracle SCSI-II mPS110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Media Intelligent MSC-110, MSC-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-J03R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>New Media Corporation BASICS SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic Fast SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9530, REX-5572 (SCSI only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stg&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stg</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Future Domain SCSI2GO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Future Domain TMC-18XX/3260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM SCSI PCMCIA Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ICM PSC-2401 SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5536, REX-5536AM, REX-5536M, REX-9836A</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that the Adaptec 2920C is supported by the ahc(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-DP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390T</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alpha-Data AD-PCS201</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA CBSC16</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following controllers are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929 (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controller chips supprted by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+can be found onboard on many systems including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Со всеми поддерживаемыми SCSI контроллерами, предоставлена полная поддержка периферии
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II и SCSI-III, включая жесткие диски, оптические диски, ленточные накопители
+(включая DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, и DLT), устройства смены носителей, устройства
+обработки и приводы CD-ROM. WORM устройства, поддерживающие команды CD-ROM,
+поддерживаются с доступом только для чтения приводами CD-ROM (такими как <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). Поддержка
+записи WORM/CD-R/CD-RW предоставляется <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, который
+является частью порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> из коллекции портов.</p>
+
+<p>На данный момент поддерживаются следующие системы CD-ROM типа:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI интерфейс (также включающий ProAudio Spectrum и SoundBlaster SCSI) (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE интерфейс (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Alteon Tigon I and II chips. The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been
+tested with the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985B-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital EtherWORKS 1000SX PCI Gigabit adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620 Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620T Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following adapters should also be supported but have not yet been tested:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asante GigaNIX1000T Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante PCI 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon PN9000SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Silicon Graphics PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports adapters and embedded controllers based on the AMD PCnet/FAST, PCnet/FAST+,
+PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO and PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE32-VL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolan BICC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolink 4110 (8 bit)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond HomeFree</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DEPCA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Vectra 486/66XM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Vectra XU</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Also supported are adapters working with the pcn(4) driver. The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+runs these in compatibility mode, thus the pcn(4) driver should be preferred.</p>
+
+<p>SMC 83c17x (EPIC) Ethernet сетевые карты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tx</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following Ethernet NICs:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c503 Etherlink II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AR-P500 Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1644 (old model), EN1646 (old model), EN2203 (old model) (110pin) (flags
+0xd00000)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2212/EN2216/UE2216</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis CentreCOM LA100-PCM_V2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis LA-98 (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis SIC-98, SIC-98NOTE (110pin), SIU-98 (flags 0x600000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis SIU-98-D (flags 0x610000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AmbiCom 10BaseT card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bay Networks NETGEAR FA410TXC Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet BC40 adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex Net-A adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98), RT-1007(98), C-NET(9N) (110pin) (flags 0xa00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)E-A, C-NET(98)L-A, C-NET(98)P (flags 0x300000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether98-T (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether PCC-T/EtherII PCC-T/FEther PCC-TXF/PCC-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CyQ've ELA-010</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC EtherWorks DE305</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Danpex EN-6200P2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DE-298, DE-298P (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DE-650/660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link IC-CARD/IC-CARD+ Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-98P (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-BDN, LD-NW801G (flags 0x200000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CDL/TX, LD-CDF, LD-CDS, LD-10/100CD, LD-CDWA (DP83902A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP PC Lan+ 27247B and 27252A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM Creditcard Ethernet I/II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ICM AD-ET2-T, DT-ET-25, DT-ET-T5, IF-2766ET, IF-2771ET, NB-ET-T (110pin) (flags
+0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA/T-98, LA/T-98SB, LA2/T-98, ET/T-98 (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA ET2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA PCLATE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kansai KLA-98C/T (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE-PC2, KNE-PCM/x Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EC2T/PCMPC100/PCM100, PCMLM56</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EtherFast 10/100 PC Card, Combo PCMCIA Ethernet Card (PCMPC100 V2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LAN-98T (flags 0xb00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA Ethernet ME1 for JEIDA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA ME98 (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA NE2098 (flags 0x400000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO EGY-98 (flags 0x300000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGH-98, LGY-98, LGY-98-N (110pin), IND-SP, IND-SS (flags 0x400000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TR</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LPC-T/LPC2-T/LPC2-CLT/LPC2-TX/LPC3-TX/LPC3-CLX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Ethernet Instant-Link</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-77, PC-9801-78 (flags 0x910000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-107, PC-9801-108 (flags 0x800000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor InfoMover NE4100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA-410TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetVin 5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Network Everywhere Ethernet 10BaseT PC Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Networld 98X3 (flags 0xd00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Networld EC-98X, EP-98X (flags 0xd10000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE1000/NE2000/NE2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX ENW-8300-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX EN-2298-C (flags 0x200000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX EN-2298P-T, EN-2298-T (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX FNW-3600-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RealTek 8029</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Elite 16 WD8013</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Elite Ultra</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EtherEZ98 (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC WD8003E/WD8003EBT/WD8003S/WD8003SBT/WD8003W/WD8013EBT/WD8013W and clones</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Socket LP-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom EtherPerfect EP-427</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom NE-34</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAK-CD031, Grey Cell GCS2000 Ethernet Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Telecom Device SuperSocket RE450T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA VT86C926</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Winbond W89C940</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>C-Bus, ISA, PCI and PC Card devices are supported.</p>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO(Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX(CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX (same as 530+?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO(PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Winbond W89C840F based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+VIA Technologies Rhine I, Rhine II, and Rhine III based Fast Ethernet adapters
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE530-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 and SiS 7016 based Fast Ethernet adapters and
+embedded controllers, as well as Fast Ethernet adapters based on the National
+Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter) chip. Supported adapters include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports National Semiconductor DP83820 and DP83821 based Gigabit Ethernet adapters
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIX 1000TA and 1000TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Addtron AEG320T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI) and EG1064 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA622T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA621</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Sundance Technologies ST201 based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded
+controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3COM 3C940 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5005 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EG1032 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9521 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9821 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9822 SK-NET GE-T dual port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9841 SK-NET GE-LX single port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9842 SK-NET GE-LX dual port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9843 SK-NET GE-SX single port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9844 SK-NET GE-SX dual port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 9452TX single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Texas Instruments ThunderLAN based Ethernet and Fast Ethernet adapters including a large
+number of Compaq PCI Ethernet adapters. Also supported are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2135/2138 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2325/OC-2326 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver also
+supports the built-in Ethernet adapters of various Compaq Prosignia servers and Compaq
+Deskpro desktop machines including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10 T PCI UTP/Coax</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Dual-Port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Proliant</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P Integrated</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P w/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+support for the following chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following NICs are known to work with the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver at this
+time:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX_NA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton USB320-EC, SpeedStream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AN986, AN8511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton USB100, USB100LP, USB100EL, USBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether FEther USB-T, FEther USB-TX, FEther USB-TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650, DSB-650TX, DSB-650TX-PNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-USBL/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elsa Microlink USB2Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP hn210e</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O Data USB ETTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNU101TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T adapters that contain the AN986 Pegasus chipset, USB10TA, USB10TX,
+USB100TX, USB100H1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LUA-TX, LUA2-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex UE-200TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Network Link (model number 133-06)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Siemens Speedstream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges smartNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2202USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHOware NUB100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports CATC USB-EL1210A based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U011/F5U111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges SmartLink</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Kawasaki LSI KL5KLUSB101B based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c19250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c460 HomeConnect Ethernet USB Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADS Technologies USB-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOX USB101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATen UC10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom URE 450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega USB-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega NET-USB-E45, NET-HUB-3U1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data USB ETT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kawasaki DU-H3E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear EA101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom USB Ethernet Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2102USB, 2104USB</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=axe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">axe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports ASIX Electronics AX88172 based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-U2-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DUBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB200M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>System TALKS Inc. SGC-X2UL</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports RealTek RTL8150 based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Green House GH-USB100B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB100M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton 10/100 FastEthernet USBKR2</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther USB-TXC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers and cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis RE1000, RE1000Plus, ME1500 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(98)P2, C-NET (9N)E (110-pin), C-NET(9N)C (ExtCard)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(PC)C PCMCIA Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Eiger Labs EPX-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu FMV-J182, FMV-J182A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MB86960A, MB86965A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MBH10303, MBH10302 Ethernet PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu Towa LA501 Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HITACHI HT-4840-11</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NextCom J Link NC5310</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5588, REX-9822, REX-4886, and REX-R280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9880/9881/9882/9883</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAC-98012, LAC-98013, LAC-98025, LAC-9N011 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAK-CD021, LAK-CD021A, LAK-CD021BX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ungermann-Bass Access/PC N98C+(PC85152, PC85142), Access/NOTE N98(PC86132)
+(110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ep&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ep</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Ethernet adapters based on the 3Com 3C5x9 Etherlink III Parallel Tasking chipset,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C1 CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509-TP, 3C509-BNC, 3C509-Combo, 3C509-TPO, 3C509-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509B-TP, 3C509B-BNC, 3C509B-Combo, 3C509B-TPO, 3C509B-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C529, 3C529-TP MCA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C562/3C563 PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C569B-J-TPO, 3C569B-J-COMBO CBUS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C574-TX, 3CCFE574BT, 3CXFE574BT, 3C3FE574BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C579-TP, 3C579-BNC EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C589, 3C589B, 3C589C, 3C589D, 3CXE589DT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CCFEM556B, 3CCFEM556BI PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CXE589EC, 3CCE589EC, 3CXE589ET, 3CCE589ET PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz 3CCEM556, 3CXEM556, 3CCEM556B, 3CXEM556B PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 3CXSH572BT, 3CCSH572BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon EtherMac PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following hardware:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, and 3c920B-EMB embedded adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Both the 3C656 family of CardBus cards and the 3C556 family of MiniPCI cards have a
+built-in proprietary modem. Neither the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver nor any
+other driver supports this modem.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c590 EtherLink III PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c592 EtherLink III EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c595 Fast EtherLink III PCI in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c597 Fast EtherLink III EISA in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor DP83934AVQB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-83</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-84</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-103</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-104</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-15</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-25</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-J02 PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-J02R PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+also includes support for the National Semiconductor NS46C46 as 64 * 16 bits Microwave
+Serial EEPROM.</p>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC TigerCard 1000 (SMC9462SX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500SX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for various NICs based on the Broadcom BCM570x family of Gigabit
+Ethernet controller chips, including the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c996-T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750 integrated BCM5704C NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2550 integrated BCM5700 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2650 integrated BCM5703 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM x235 server integrated BCM5703x NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7760 embedded Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7770 PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7781 embedded PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA302T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D21 (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D41 (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82540, 82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82546,
+82546EB and 82547 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82542 and 82543 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the on-board Ethernet interfaces of many Sun UltraSPARC workstation and server
+models. Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=my&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">my</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+support for various NICs based on the Myson chipset. Supported models include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD800 PCI Fast Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD803 PCI Fast Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD89X PCI Gigabit Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S and RTL8110S based Fast Ethernet and Gigabit
+Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports VIA Networking VT3119 and VT6122 based Gigabit Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>VIA Networking LAN-on-motherboard Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN650-T 64-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1701)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN670-T 32-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1702)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.3. FDDI интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>DEC DEFPA PCI (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.4. ATM интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Midway ATM интерфейсы (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=en&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">en</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. PCA-200E ATM PCI адаптеры (драйверы hfa и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>IDT NICStAR 77201/211 ATM адаптеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=idt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">idt</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. HE155 и HE622 ATM интерфейсы (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>IDT77252 ATM карты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.5. Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Lucent Technologies WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11b беспроводные сетевые адаптеры и им подобные,
+использующие Lucent Hermes, Intersil PRISM-II, Intersil PRISM-2.5, Intersil Prism-3, и
+Symbol Spectrum24 чипсеты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cisco/Aironet 802.11b беспроводные адаптеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Raytheon Raylink 2.4GHz беспроводные адаптеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ray&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ray</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">awi</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Icom SL-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco WLI-PCM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEL SSMagic</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia C020 WLAN</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon SkyLINE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The original Xircom Netwave AirSurfer is supported by the cnw(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cnw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cnw</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Netwave</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetWave AirSurfer</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.6. Различные сетевые
+устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following models of Tau-PCI WAN adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI/R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-G703</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-2E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-4E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-E3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-T3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-STS1</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.7. ISDN интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.8. Последовательные интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Internel последовательные интерфейсы (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PC-9801 on-board</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PC-9821 2'nd CCU (flags 0x12000000)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>NEC PC-9861K, PC-9801-101 и Midori-Denshi MDC-926Rs (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>COM2 (flags 0x01000000)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>COM3 (flags 0x02000000)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>NEC PC-9801-120 (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> В файл настройки ядра необходимо добавить "flags 0x11000000".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Microcore MC-16550, MC-16550II, MC-RS98 (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> В файл настройки ядра необходимо добавить "flags 0x14000?01".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Media Intelligent RSB-2000, RSB-3000 и AIWA B98-02 (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> В файл настройки ядра необходимо добавить "flags 0x15000?01".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Media Intelligent RSB-384 (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> В файл настройки ядра необходимо добавить "flags 0x16000001".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>I-O DATA RSA-98III (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> В файл настройки ядра необходимо добавить "flags 0x18000?01".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Hayes ESP98 (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> В файл настройки ядра необходимо добавить "options COM_ESP" и "flags
+0x19000000".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.9. Аудио устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Analog Devices AD1816</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4281</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1E (ES1946 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that older ESS ISA cards with ES18xx chipset are supported via snd_ess(4) and/or
+snd_sbc(4).</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8338</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8738</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS461x/462x Audio Accelerator</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4280 Audio Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Some onboard CS4610 chips are accompanied by the CS423x ISA codec instead of the
+CS4297 AC97 codec. Such configurations are not supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver yet.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>All cards with ES1370/1371 chipset (including SoundBlaster PCI128)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound MAX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Audigy (EMU10K2 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>NEC PC-9801-73, 86 и совместимые (драйвер nss)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>NEC A-MATE internal sound</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Q-Vision WaveStar, WaveMaster</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>NEC X-MATE, CanBe, ValueStar internal (драйвер mss)</p>
+
+<p>Creative Technologies SoundBlaster(98) (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sb</span>(4)</span></a> )</p>
+
+<p>I-O DATA CD-BOX (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sb</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>MPU-401 и совместимые интерфейсы (драйвер mpu)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Q-Vision WaveStar</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.10. Камеры и устройства
+видеозахвата</a></h3>
+
+<p>Brooktree Bt848/849/878/879 устройства захвата изображений (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bktr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bktr</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.11. Устройства USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>Поддерживается большой диапазон USB периферии; устройства, работоспособность которых
+известна, приведены в этом разделе. Вследствие простой архитектуры большинства USB
+устройств, за редкими исключениями любое устройство поддерживаемого класса будет
+работать, даже если оно явно не приведено здесь.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> USB Ethernet адаптеры могут быть найдены в разделе <a
+href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet интерфейсы</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> USB Bluetooth адаптеры могут быть найдены в разделе <a
+href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all OHCI v1.0 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all UHCI v1.1 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>USB 2.0 контроллеры, использующие EHCI интерфейс (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ehci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ehci</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Концентраторы</p>
+
+<p>Клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Различные устройства</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Assist Computer Systems PC Camera C-M1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ActiveWire I/O Board</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Technology Video Blaster WebCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond Rio 500, 600, и 800 MP3 плееры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=urio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">urio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-R100 USB Radio (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ufm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ufm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mirunet AlphaCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Devices supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umodem&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umodem</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 5605</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Metricom Ricochet GS USB wireless modem</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha Broadband Wireless Router RTW65b</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Мышь (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Принтеры и переходные кабели к параллельным принтерам (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ulpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ulpt</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATen адаптер параллельного принтера</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U002 адаптер параллельного принтера</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon BJ F850, S600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon LBP-1310, 350</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega адаптер USB к параллельному порту</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett-Packard HP Deskjet 3420 (P/N: C8947A #ABJ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oki Data MICROLINE ML660PS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Seiko Epson PM-900C, 880C, 820C, 730C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsa</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U103</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>e-Tek Labs Kwik232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GoHubs GoCOM232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom single port serial adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support the BWCT console management serial adapters.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uftdi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uftdi</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>HP USB-Serial adapter shipped with some HP laptops</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Inland UAS111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>QVS USC-1000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uplcom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uplcom</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATEN UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM UC-SGT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HAL Corporation Crossam2+USB IR commander</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IOGEAR UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX USB-RS232 URS-03</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-USB60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Serial Link (model number 133-08)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOURCENEXT KeikaiDenwa 8 (with and without charger)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Ericsson USB Cable (Susteen USB Data Cable)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following devices are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uscanner&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uscanner</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 320U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 620U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan C310U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1212U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e25</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e40</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e50</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e52</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan Touch</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avision 1200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N656U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N676U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 30</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 610</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 636U / 636Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1200U / 1200Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1240U / 1240Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Expression 1600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1640SU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1670</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 3200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-8400UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9300UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9700F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Photosmart S20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 2200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3400CSE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4100C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5400C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KYE ColorPage Vivid-Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom 336CX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom C6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6UL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6USL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker X6U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Minolta 5400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 600 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 UB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200TA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NatSemi BearPaw 1200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nikon CoolScan LS40 ED</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 1200u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 600u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 19200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 9600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-3002</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2X-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax ReadyScan 636i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultima 1200 UB Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2000U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2100U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 3400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 3000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 7600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8600</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Хранение данных (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ADTEC Stick Drive AD-UST32M, 64M, 128M, 256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Denno FireWire/USB2 Removable 2.5-inch HDD Case MIFU-25CB20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FujiFilm Zip USB Drive ZDR100 USB A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GREEN HOUSE USB Flash Memory ``PicoDrive'' GH-UFD32M, 64M, 128M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 32MB USB Memory Key (P/N 22P5296)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM ThinkPad USB Portable CD-ROM Drive (P/N 33L5151)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB x6 CD-RW Drive CDRW-i64/USB (только CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB CD/CD-R/CD-RW/DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD-RAM/DVD-ROM Drive DVR-iUH2 (только CDROM,
+DVD-RAM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega USB Zip 100Mb (поддержка все еще примитивна)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega Zip750 USB2.0 Drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Keian USB1.1/2.0 3.5-inch HDD Case KU350A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kurouto Shikou USB 2.5-inch HDD Case GAWAP2.5PS-USB2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB1.1/2.0 HDD Unit SHD-E60U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec Mobile USB Memory LMC-256UD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB Double-Speed Floppy Drive LFD-31U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB/IEEE1394 DVD-RAM/R/RW Unit LDR-N21FU2 (только CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 привод гибких дисков</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 MO Drive MO-CH640U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB/IEEE1394 Portable HD Drive HDP-i30P/CI, HDP-i40P/CI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk ``PetitDrive'', RUF-32M, -64M, -128M, -256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 Flash Disk ``PetitDrive2'', RUF-256M/U2, -512M/U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk ``ClipDrive'', RUF-C32M, -C64M, -C128M, -C256M, -C512M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtech USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI кабель</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NOVAC USB2.0 2.5/3.5-inch HDD Case NV-HD351U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic привод гибких дисков</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic USB2.0 Portable CD-RW Drive KXL-RW40AN (только CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC Systems USB2.0 Removable HDD Case U2-MDK1, U2-MDK1B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Portable CD-R/RW Drive CRX10U (только CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEAC Portable USB CD-ROM Unit CD-110PU/210PU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Y-E Data привод гибких дисков (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Аудио устройства (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvisor&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvisor</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following devices:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo 600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Visor</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm I705</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M125</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M130</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M505</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M515</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten Z</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire 31</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 5.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie PEG-S500C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie NX60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie S360</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.12. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+устройства</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.13. Bluetooth устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>PCCARD хост контроллеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bt3c&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bt3c</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com/HP 3CRWB6096-A PCCARD адаптер</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all Bluetooth USB devices that conform with the Bluetooth specification v1.1,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CREB96</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AIPTEK BR0R02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>EPoX BT-DG02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MSI MS-6967</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.14. Криптографические
+акселераторы</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports various cards containing the Hifn 7751, 7951, 7811, 7955, and 7956 chipsets,
+such as:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Invertex AEON</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hifn 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PowerCrypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>XL-Crypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetSec 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1201 and vpn1211</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1401 and vpn1411</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=safe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">safe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports cards containing any of the following chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1741</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsec</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports cards containing any of the following chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5501</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5601</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5801</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5802</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5805</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5821</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5822</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5823</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.15. Другие устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>Факс-модем/PCCARD</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IGM-PCM56K/IGM-PCM56KH</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia Card Phone 2.0 (gsm900/dcs1800 HSCSD терминал)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Приводы гибких дисков (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Клавиатуры, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Стандартные клавиатуры</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Курсорные устройства, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bus мышь и совместимые устройства (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mse&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mse</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Последовательная мышь и совместимые устройства</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB мышь (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> На странице <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+находится дополнительная информация по использованию курсорных устройств в FreeBSD.
+Информация по использованию курсорных устройств с <b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>
+может быть найдена по адресу <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>``PC-9821 standard'' параллельные порты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Порт джойстика на SoundBlaster(98) (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=joy&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">joy</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>PHS Data Communication Card/PCCARD</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>NTT DoCoMo P-in Comp@ct</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KX-PH405</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SII MC-P200</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Power Management Controller на NEC PC-98 Note (драйвер pmc)</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-sparc64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-sparc64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..feb12ebdc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-sparc64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1962 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/sparc64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/sparc64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект документирования FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>Содержание</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">Введение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#SUPPORT-SYS">Поддерживаемые системы</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#AEN26">Полностью поддерживаемые системы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#AEN80">Частично поддерживаемые системы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#AEN88">Не поддерживаемые системы</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">Поддерживаемые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">Контроллеры дисков</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#ATM">ATM интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#WLAN">Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">Различные сетевые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#SERIAL">Последовательные интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#AUDIO">Аудио устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#CAMERA">Камеры и устройства видеозахвата</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#USB">Устройства USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">Криптографические акселераторы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#MISC">Другие устройства</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этом документе находится информация об аппаратной совместимости для FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE на аппаратной платформе UltraSPARC упоминаемой также как FreeBSD/sparc64
+5.3-RELEASE). В этом списке находятся устройства, работающие на данной платформе, а также
+информация об отдельных настройках загрузки ядра, которые могут быть полезны при
+включении поддержки новых устройств.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> В этот документ включена информация, специфичная для аппаратной
+платформы UltraSPARC. Версии информации об оборудовании для других архитектур будут
+отличаться в некоторых деталях.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT-SYS" name="SUPPORT-SYS">2. Поддерживаемые
+системы</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этом разделе описаны системы, поддерживаемые на данный момент FreeBSD на платформе
+UltraSPARC. За информацией о различных аппаратных архитектурах обращайтесь к <a
+href="http://sunsolve.sun.com/handbook_pub/" target="_top">Sun System Handbook</a>.</p>
+
+<p>SMP поддерживается на всех системах с более чем 1 процессором.</p>
+
+<p>Если ваша система не упомянута в этом списке, возможно она не протестирована с FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE. Мы предлагаем вам протестировать ее и отправить уведомление в <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-sparc64" target="_top">Список
+рассылки, посвящённый портированию FreeBSD на архитектуру SPARC</a> с результатами
+тестирования, включая список работающих и не работающих устройств.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN26" name="AEN26">2.1. Полностью поддерживаемые
+системы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Следующие системы полностью поддерживаются FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Blade 100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Blade 150</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 220R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 420R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fire V100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fire V120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra t1 105</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra T1 AC200/DC200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra t 1100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra t 1120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra t 1125</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra t 1400/1405</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra 120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra X1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SPARCEngine Ultra AXi</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SPARCEngine Ultra AXmp</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 5</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 30</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 80</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN80" name="AEN80">2.2. Частично поддерживаемые
+системы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Следующие системы частично поддерживаются FreeBSD. В частности, встроенный контроллер
+scsi в системах sbus не поддерживается.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 3500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 4500</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN88" name="AEN88">2.3. Не поддерживаемые системы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Следующие системы не поддерживаются FreeBSD. Причиной этого может быть отсутствие
+поддержки процессора (UltraSPARC III), особенность дизайна системы, которая делает
+FreeBSD нестабильной, или из-за отсутствия поддержки необходимых встроенных устройств,
+без которых работа FreeBSD бесполезна.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Все системы с процессором(ами) UltraSPARC III.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 1</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. Поддерживаемые устройства</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.2 2004/09/23
+06:12:03 den Exp $
+
+<p>В этом разделе описаны устройства, поддерживаемые FreeBSD на платформе UltraSPARC.
+Другие конфигурации также могут работать, они просто еще не были протестированы.
+Приветствуются замечания, обновления и исправления этого списка.</p>
+
+<p>Когда это возможно, приводится список драйверов для каждого устройства или класса
+устройств. Если у этого драйвера есть страница справочника в основной поставке FreeBSD
+(что верно для большинства драйверов), на нее дается ссылка. Информация по определенным
+моделям поддерживаемых устройств, контроллеров и т.д. может быть найдена в страницах
+справочника.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Список устройств в этом документе генерируется автоматически из
+страниц справочной системы FreeBSD. Это означает, что некоторые устройства,
+поддерживаемые несколькими драйверами, могут появляться несколько раз.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. Контроллеры дисков</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA контроллеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI host adapter chips and SCSI controller cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901A host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7902 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following NCR/Symbios SCSI controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controllers supported by <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> can be
+either embedded on a motherboard, or on one of the following add-on boards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following controllers are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929 (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controller chips supprted by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+can be found onboard on many systems including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Со всеми поддерживаемыми SCSI контроллерами, предоставлена полная поддержка периферии
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II и SCSI-III, включая жесткие диски, оптические диски, ленточные накопители
+(включая DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, и DLT), устройства смены носителей, устройства
+обработки и приводы CD-ROM. WORM устройства, поддерживающие команды CD-ROM,
+поддерживаются с доступом только для чтения приводами CD-ROM (такими как <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). Поддержка
+записи WORM/CD-R/CD-RW предоставляется <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, который
+является частью порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> из коллекции портов.</p>
+
+<p>На данный момент поддерживаются следующие системы CD-ROM типа:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI интерфейс (также включающий ProAudio Spectrum и SoundBlaster SCSI) (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE интерфейс (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO(Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX(CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX (same as 530+?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO(PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+support for the following chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following NICs are known to work with the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver at this
+time:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following hardware:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, and 3c920B-EMB embedded adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Both the 3C656 family of CardBus cards and the 3C556 family of MiniPCI cards have a
+built-in proprietary modem. Neither the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver nor any
+other driver supports this modem.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the on-board Ethernet interfaces of many Sun UltraSPARC workstation and server
+models. Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Cards supported by <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gem&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gem</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun GEM gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun ERI 10/100 Mbps Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple GMAC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S and RTL8110S based Fast Ethernet and Gigabit
+Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.3. FDDI интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.4. ATM интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. PCA-200E ATM PCI адаптеры (драйверы hfa и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. HE155 и HE622 ATM интерфейсы (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.5. Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.6. Различные сетевые
+устройства</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.7. ISDN интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.8. Последовательные интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Последовательные порты, основанные на чипе SAB82532 только консоль (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sab&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sab</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Последовательные порты, основанные на Zilog 8530 dual uart, только консоль (драйвер
+zs)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.9. Аудио устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Analog Devices AD1816</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4281</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1E (ES1946 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that older ESS ISA cards with ES18xx chipset are supported via snd_ess(4) and/or
+snd_sbc(4).</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8338</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8738</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS461x/462x Audio Accelerator</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4280 Audio Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Some onboard CS4610 chips are accompanied by the CS423x ISA codec instead of the
+CS4297 AC97 codec. Such configurations are not supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver yet.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>All cards with ES1370/1371 chipset (including SoundBlaster PCI128)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound MAX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Audigy (EMU10K2 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.10. Камеры и устройства
+видеозахвата</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.11. Устройства USB</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.12. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for PCI/CardBus firewire interface cards. The driver supports the
+following IEEE 1394 OHCI chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-894x/AIC-5800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple Pangea</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple UniNorth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82372FB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lucent FW322/323</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72861</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72870</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72871/2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72873</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72874</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor CS4210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C551</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C552</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony CX3022</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD1947)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4410A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4451</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AA22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB21/A/AI/A-EP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB22/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB82AA2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA Fire II (VT6306)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Serial Bus Protocol 2 (SBP-2) устройства хранения (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.13. Bluetooth устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all Bluetooth USB devices that conform with the Bluetooth specification v1.1,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CREB96</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AIPTEK BR0R02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>EPoX BT-DG02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MSI MS-6967</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.14. Криптографические
+акселераторы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.15. Другие устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>OpenFirmware консоль (драйвер ofwcons)</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4113a701e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware.html
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
+  <head>
+    <title>Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print" href="../../../layout/css/fixed.css?20130112" type="text/css" />
+
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="containerwrap">
+      <div id="container">
+        <span class="txtoffscreen"><a href="#content" title="Skip site navigation" accesskey="1">Skip site navigation</a> (1)
+  <a href="#contentwrap" title="Skip section navigation" accesskey="2">Skip section navigation</a> (2)
+</span>
+        <div id="headercontainer">
+          <div id="header">
+            <h2 class="blockhide">Header And Logo</h2>
+            <div id="headerlogoleft">
+              <a href="../.." title="FreeBSD">
+                <img src="../../../layout/images/logo-red.png" width="457" height="75" alt="FreeBSD" />
+              </a>
+            </div>
+            <div id="headerlogoright">
+              <div class="frontdonateroundbox">
+                <div class="frontdonatetop">
+                  <div>
+                    <b style="display: none;">.</b>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="frontdonatecontent">
+                  <a href="https://www.FreeBSDFoundation.org/donate/">Donate to FreeBSD</a>
+                </div>
+                <div class="frontdonatebot">
+                  <div>
+                    <b style="display: none;">.</b>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+              <h2 class="blockhide">Peripheral Links</h2>
+              <div id="searchnav">
+                <ul id="searchnavlist"></ul>
+              </div>
+              <div id="search">
+                <form method="get" id="search-form" action="https://duckduckgo.com/" onsubmit="document.getElementById('words').value+=' (site:www.FreeBSD.org OR site:docs.FreeBSD.org OR site:lists.FreeBSD.org OR site:wiki.FreeBSD.org OR site:forums.FreeBSD.org)'">
+                  <h2 class="blockhide">
+                    <label for="words">Поиск</label>
+                  </h2>
+                  <input type="hidden" name="ka" value="v" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kt" value="v" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kh" value="1" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kj" value="r2" />
+                  <input id="words" name="q" type="text" size="20" maxlength="255" onfocus="if( this.value==this.defaultValue ) this.value='';" value="Поиск" />
+                  <span> </span>
+                  <input id="submit" name="submit" type="submit" value="Поиск" />
+                </form>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <h2 class="blockhide">Site Navigation</h2>
+          <div id="menu">
+            <ul class="first">
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../">На главную</a>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../about.html">О FreeBSD</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../projects/newbies.html">Введение</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../features.html">Возможности</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../advocacy/">Адвокатура</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../marketing/">Маркетинг</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../where.html">Получение FreeBSD</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../releases/">Информация о релизах</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../releng/">Информация о подготовке релизов</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../docs.html">Документация</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/">Часто задаваемые вопросы</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/">Руководство пользователя</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/porters-handbook">Руководство портера</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook">Руководство разработчика</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="//www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi">Страницы справочника</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../community.html">Сообщество</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../community/mailinglists.html">Списки рассылки</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://forums.freebsd.org">Форумы</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../usergroups.html">Группы пользователей</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../events/events.html">События</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../projects/index.html">Разработка</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://wiki.FreeBSD.org/IdeasPage">Идеи для проекта</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://svn.FreeBSD.org/viewvc/base/">SVN репозиторий</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org">CVS репозиторий</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://p4web.FreeBSD.org">Perforce репозиторий</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../support.html">Поддержка</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../commercial/commercial.html">Коммерческие предложения</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../security/">Информация о безопасности</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="//www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi">Сообщения об ошибках</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../send-pr.html">Отправить сообщение об ошибке</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/">Фонд</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/donate/">Пожертвования</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div id="content">
+          <div id="sidewrap">
+            <div id="sidenav">
+              <h2 class="blockhide">Навигация по разделу</h2>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../where.html">Получить FreeBSD</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../releases/">Информация о релизах</a>
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>Продуктивный релиз: <a href="../../../releases/12.0R/announce.html">12.0</a><a href="../../../releases/11.2R/announce.html">11.2</a></li>
+                    <li>(Старый) Продуктивный релиз: <a href="../../../releases/10.2R/announce.html">10.2</a></li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a href="../../snapshots/">Снэпшот-релизы</a>
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../ports/">Портированные приложения</a>
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div id="contentwrap"><h1>Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</h1>
+
+  <p>Информация о оборудовании для FreeBSD публикуется отдельно для каждой
+    платформы, поскольку многие устройства поддерживаются (или
+    предназначены) только для отдельных процессоров или архитектур.</p>
+
+  <p>Информация об оборудовании для FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE доступна для
+    следующих платформ:</p>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="hardware-alpha.html" shape="rect">alpha</a></li>
+    <li><a href="hardware-amd64.html" shape="rect">amd64</a></li>
+    <li><a href="hardware-i386.html" shape="rect">i386</a></li>
+    <li><a href="hardware-ia64.html" shape="rect">ia64</a></li>
+    <li><a href="hardware-pc98.html" shape="rect">pc98</a></li>
+    <li><a href="hardware-sparc64.html" shape="rect">sparc64</a></li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <p>Список всех платформ, находящихся в разработке, опубликован
+    на странице <a href="../../platforms/index.html" shape="rect">Поддерживаемых
+    платформ</a>.</p>
+
+  </div>
+          <br class="clearboth" />
+        </div>
+        <div id="footer"><span><a href="../../search/index-site.html">Карта сайта</a> |
+  <a href="../../copyright/">Условия использования</a> | © 1995-2014
+  Проект FreeBSD. Все права защищены.</span><br />
+      Last modified:  2013-11-13</div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-alpha.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-alpha.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b4a5449062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-alpha.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1155 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Инструкции по установке FreeBSD/alpha 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Инструкции по установке FreeBSD/alpha
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>Эта статья дает краткие инструкции по установке FreeBSD/alpha 5.3-RELEASE, особое
+внимание уделено получению дистрибутива FreeBSD. Представлены также отдельные заметки по
+решению проблем и часто задаваемые вопросы.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. Установка FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Этот раздел описывает процесс установки новой системы FreeBSD. Особое внимание уделено
+получению дистрибутива FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE и началу процедуры установки. Глава <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``Установка FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">Руководства
+FreeBSD</a> предоставляет более подробную информацию о самой программе установке, включая
+пошаговую инструкцию по установке с иллюстрациями.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы обновляете предыдущий релиз FreeBSD, ознакомьтесь с <a href="#UPGRADING">Разд.
+3</a>, где находятся инструкции по обновлению.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. Перед
+установкой</a></h3>
+
+<p>Возможно наиболее важным действием, которое должно быть выполнено перед установкой,
+является чтение различных инструкций, поставляемых с FreeBSD. Обзор документов,
+поставляемых с этим релизом FreeBSD, можно найти в <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+который обычно находится там же, где и этот файл; большинство таких документов
+(информация о релизе, список совместимого оборудования) доступны также из меню
+Documentation программы установки.</p>
+
+<p>Он-лайн версии FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> и <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> доступны также с <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">веб сайта Проекта FreeBSD</a>, если у вас есть подключение к интернет.</p>
+
+<p>Этот набор документов может показаться сложным, но время, потраченное на их чтение,
+окупится многократно. Ознакомление с доступными ресурсами также может помочь в случае
+проблем при установке.</p>
+
+<p>Даже правильные действия иногда приводят к неудаче, так что если вы столкнулись с
+проблемами, обратитесь к <a href="#TROUBLE">Разд. 4</a>, где находится информация по
+решению проблем. Вам также понадобится прочесть свежую копию файла <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> перед установкой, он предупредит вас о проблемах,
+которые были обнаружены за время существования данного релиза.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Хотя FreeBSD уделяет основное внимание предотвращению потери данных, все
+же более чем возможна <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">потеря всех данных на
+диске</i></span> при ошибке во время установки. Не переходите к последнему меню установки
+FreeBSD до тех пор, пока не было выполнено резервное копирование важных данных.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. Требования к аппаратному
+обеспечению</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD для Alpha/AXP поддерживает платформы, описанные в <tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Вам потребуется отдельный диск для FreeBSD/alpha. На данный момент совместное
+использование диска с другой операционной системой невозможно. Этот диск должен быть
+подключен к SCSI контроллеру, поддерживаемому SRM firmware или к IDE контроллеру, если
+загрузка с IDE дисков поддерживается.</p>
+
+<p>Корневая файловая система ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНО должна быть первым разделом (раздел <var
+class="LITERAL">a</var>) на диске для, чтобы стала возможной загрузка.</p>
+
+<p>Вам потребуется firmware SRM консоли для вашей платформы. В отдельных случаях возможно
+переключение между AlphaBIOS (или ARC) firmware и SRM. В других потребуется загрузка
+нового firmware с веб сайта поставщика оборудования.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы не знакомы с настройкой оборудования для FreeBSD, обязательно прочтите файл
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; в нем содержится важная информация по
+оборудованию, поддерживаемому FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. Инструкции по созданию
+дискет</a></h3>
+
+<p>В зависимости от способа установки FreeBSD, вам может потребоваться создание набора
+дискет (обычно трех) для начала процесса установки. Этот раздел кратко описывает как
+создать эти диски с установочного CDROM или из интернет. Обратите внимание, что в общем
+случае установки FreeBSD с CDROM на компьютере, поддерживающем загрузочные CDROM, этот
+шаг не требуется и может быть пропущен.</p>
+
+<p>Для большинства установок с CDROM или по сети, вам потребуются скопировать образы
+дискет <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> из
+каталога <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> (для 1.44MB дискет).</p>
+
+<p>Получить эти образы по сети просто. Загрузите <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">release</var><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/boot.flp</tt> и все <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">release</var><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/kernX.flp</tt> с <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> или с одного из
+зеркал, перечисленных в разделе <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
+target="_top">FTP зеркала</a> Руководства или, или на страницах <a
+href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Возьмите три (или сколько потребуется) чистых, только что отформатированных дискет и
+поместите образ <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> на первую, а <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> на остальные. Эти образы <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">не</i></span> DOS файлы. Вы не можете просто скопировать их на DOS или
+UFS дискету как обычные файлы, потребуется размещение образов на диске с помощью <tt
+class="FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> под DOS (находится в каталоге <tt
+class="FILENAME">tools</tt> на CDROM или на FTP зеркалах FreeBSD) или с помощью команды
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> в UNIX.</p>
+
+<p>Например, для создания дискеты с образом ядра под DOS, вам потребуется выполнить
+примерно такую команду:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">C&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdimage boot.flp a:</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Предполагается, что вы скопировали <tt class="FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> в отдельный каталог. Для файлов <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> действия будут аналогичны.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы создаете загрузочную дискету на компьютере UNIX, используйте команду:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>или</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>или</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/floppy</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>в зависимости от имеющегося оборудования и операционной системы (различные версии UNIX
+по-разному именуют устройства гибких дисков).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. Установка
+FreeBSD с CDROM или через интернет</a></h3>
+
+<p>Проще всего выполнить установку с CDROM. Если у вас есть поддерживаемый привод CDROM и
+установочный CD FreeBSD, то вы можете загрузить FreeBSD непосредственно с него. Вставьте
+диск в привод и наберите следующую команду для начала установки (подставив другое имя
+CDROM если потребуется):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt;<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot dka0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>В качестве альтернативы вы можете начать установку с дискеты. Для начала вам
+потребуется создать набор загрузочных дискет из <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/boot.flp</tt> и файлов <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/kernX.flp</tt>, используя инструкции из <a
+href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a>. Вставьте <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt>, для запуска
+установки из приглашения SRM консоли (<var class="LITERAL">&gt;&gt;&gt;</var>) наберите
+следующую команду:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt;<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot dva0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Вставьте остальные дискеты когда появится приглашение и после загрузки появится первое
+окно программы установки.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN200" name="AEN200">1.5. Детальная информация по различным
+типам установки</a></h3>
+
+<p>Как только появится первый экран программы установки, вы сможете следовать различным
+меню этой программы. Если вы никогда раньше не использовали программу установки FreeBSD,
+вы можете также прочесть некоторую документацию из подменю Documentation, как и общие
+инструкции ``Usage'' из первого меню.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Если вы встретились с затруднениями, нажмите клавишу <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> для вызова онлайн документации, относящейся к этому разделу.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Если вы никогда раньше не устанавливали FreeBSD, или даже если устанавливали,
+рекомендуемым способом установки является ``Standard'', поскольку он гарантирует
+выполнение всех наиболее важных пунктов установки. Если вы хорошо знакомы с процессом
+установки FreeBSD и <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">точно</i></span> знаете,
+что нужно делать, используйте установку ``Express'' или ``Custom''. Если вы обновляете
+существующую систему, используйте параметр ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>Программа установки FreeBSD поддерживает непосредственное использование дискет,
+разделов DOS, NFS, UFS, лент и CDROM в качестве дистрибутивных носителей; дальнейшие
+инструкции по установке с каждого из этих носителей приведены ниже.</p>
+
+<p>Как только процедура установки будет завершена, вы сможете запустить FreeBSD/alpha
+путем набора в приглашении SRM примерно следующей команды:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt;<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot dkc0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Она указывает firmware загружаться с указанного диска. Для поиска SRM имен дисков на
+компьютере, используйте команду <var class="LITERAL">show device</var>:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt;<kbd class="USERINPUT">show device</kbd>
+dka0.0.0.4.0               DKA0           TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-57  3476
+dkc0.0.0.1009.0            DKC0                       RZ1BB-BS  0658
+dkc100.1.0.1009.0          DKC100             SEAGATE ST34501W  0015
+dva0.0.0.0.1               DVA0
+ewa0.0.0.3.0               EWA0              00-00-F8-75-6D-01
+pkc0.7.0.1009.0            PKC0                  SCSI Bus ID 7  5.27
+pqa0.0.0.4.0               PQA0                       PCI EIDE
+pqb0.0.1.4.0               PQB0                       PCI EIDE
+</pre>
+
+<p>Этот пример взят с Digital Personal Workstation 433au и показывает три диска,
+подключенных к машине. Первый это CDROM, называющийся <tt class="DEVICENAME">dka0</tt>, а
+другие два диска называются <tt class="DEVICENAME">dkc0</tt> и <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">dkc100</tt> соответственно.</p>
+
+<p>Вы можете указать какой файл ядра загружать и какие параметры загрузки использовать
+параметрами <var class="OPTION">-file</var> и <var class="OPTION">-flags</var>,
+например:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">boot -file kernel.old -flags s</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Для автоматической загрузки FreeBSD/alpha, используйте следующие команды:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">set boot_osflags a</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">set bootdef_dev dkc0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">set auto_action BOOT</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN239" name="AEN239">1.5.1. Установка с CDROM по сети</a></h4>
+
+<p>Если вы просто хотите установить систему с локального привода CDROM, прочтите <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">Разд. 1.4</a>. Если в вашей системе нет привода CDROM и вы
+хотите использовать CDROM на другой системе, к которой у вас есть подключение по сети,
+существует несколько способов чтобы сделать это:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Если у вас есть возможность установки FreeBSD через FTP непосредственно с CDROM на
+другом компьютере FreeBSD, это очень просто: убедитесь, что FTP сервер работает и
+добавьте следующую строку в файл паролей (используя <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>На компьютере, где вы производите установку, перейдите к меню Options и установите имя
+релиза в <var class="LITERAL">any</var>. Затем вы можете выбрать тип носителя <var
+class="LITERAL">FTP</var>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">machine</var></tt> после выбора ``URL'' в меню ftp сайтов.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Это позволит любому в локальной сети (или интернет) создавать
+``анонимные'' FTP соединения с этим компьютером, что может быть нежелательно.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Если вместо этого вы хотите использовать NFS для непосредственного экспорта
+содержимого CDROM на компьютер, с которого будет вестись установка, сначала потребуется
+добавить запись в файл <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (на компьютере, где
+находится привод CDROM). Пример ниже позволяет компьютеру <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> смонтировать CDROM во время установки непосредственно
+через NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>Конечно, компьютер с CDROM должен быть также настроен в качестве NFS сервера, и если
+вы не уверены как сделать это, NFS вероятно не лучший выбор для вас, пока вы не прочтете
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> и не
+настроите все правильно. Предполагая, что эта часть прошла нормально, вы должны ввести:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">cdrom-host</var>:/cdrom</tt> в качестве
+пути к NFS компьютеру, где находится дистрибутив, например <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN271" name="AEN271">1.5.2. Установка с дискет</a></h4>
+
+<p>Если вам необходимо выполнять установку с дискет, или из-за неподдерживаемого
+оборудования, или потому, что вам нравится делать все сложным способом, необходимо
+сначала подготовить дискеты.</p>
+
+<p>Сначала подготовьте дискеты, как описано в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Затем, внимательно прочтите <a href="#LAYOUT">Разд. 2</a> и обратите особое внимание
+на раздел ``Distribution Format'', поскольку он описывает файлы, которые необходимо
+поместить на дискеты и те, которые вы можете пропустить.</p>
+
+<p>Затем вам потребуется, как минимум, столько 1.44MB дискет, сколько необходимо для
+вмещения всех файлов из каталога <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+Если вы подготавливаете эти дискеты под DOS, они <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">должны</i></span> быть отформатированы с использованием команды MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. Если вы используете Windows, воспользуйтесь командой
+format из Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Зачастую диски поставляются уже отформатированными. Хотя это удобно,
+многие проблемы, о которых сообщали пользователи, стали причиной использования
+неправильно отформатированных носителей. Переформатируйте их самостоятельно, просто для
+уверенности.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Если вы создаете дискеты на другом компьютере с FreeBSD, форматирование все еще может
+потребоваться, хотя нет необходимости создавать файловую систему DOS на каждой дискете.
+Вы можете использовать команды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> для
+создания на дискетах файловой системы UFS, что проиллюстрировано в следующей
+последовательности команд:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>После форматирования дискет для DOS или UFS, вам потребуется скопировать на них файлы.
+Файлы дистрибутива разделены на части такого размера, чтобы на каждую дискету помещался
+один файл. Каждый дистрибутивный набор должен располагаться на дискете в своем
+собственном каталоге, т.е.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Файл <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> также необходимо поместить на
+первую дискету набора <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, поскольку он читается программой
+установки для определения количества дополнительных частей, которые необходимо объединить
+в дистрибутивный набор. При помещении дистрибутивных наборов на дискеты, файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">должен</i></span> помещаться на первую дискету каждого дистрибутивного
+набора.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Как только в программе установки появится экран Media, выберите ``Floppy'' и
+продолжайте установку.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN336" name="AEN336">1.5.4. Установка с QIC/SCSI ленты</a></h4>
+
+<p>При установке с ленты, программа установки предполагает, что файлы помещены на нее с
+помощью <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, поэтому
+после загрузки всех файлов дистрибутивных наборов, которые вам нужны, используйте <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> для помещения их на ленту с помощью примерно такой команды:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">/where/you/have/your/dists</var></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">dist1</var> .. <var class="REPLACEABLE">dist2</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>При установке вы также должны убедиться, что оставлено достаточно места во временном
+каталоге (который вам будет предложено выбрать) для помещения <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">полного</i></span> содержимого созданной ленты. В связи с невозможностью
+произвольного доступа к содержимого ленты, этот метод установки требует места во
+временном хранилище. Отведите столько места, сколько потребуется для распаковки
+дистрибутивных наборов, помещенных на ленту.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Для установки лента должна быть помещена в привод <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">до</i></span> загрузки с дискет. Иначе программа
+установки может не найти ее во время тестирования устройств.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Теперь создайте загрузочные дискеты, как описано в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a> и
+приступайте к установке.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. Установка по сети через FTP или
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>После создания загрузочных дискет, как описано в первом разделе, вы можете загрузить
+остальные файлы по сети, используя 3 типа соединения: последовательный порт, параллельный
+порт или Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN361" name="AEN361">1.5.5.1. Последовательный порт</a></h5>
+
+<p>Поддержка SLIP довольно примитивна, и ограничена в основном постоянными соединениями,
+такими как последовательный кабель между двумя компьютерами. Соединение должно быть
+постоянным, поскольку программа SLIP на данный момент не предоставляет возможности
+дозвона. Если вам требуется дозвон по модему или иной способ подготовки соединения перед
+его установкой, используйте PPP.</p>
+
+<p>При использовании PPP, убедитесь, что у вас есть IP адрес провайдера и сведения о DNS,
+так как они понадобятся на ранней стадии процесса установки. Вам также может
+потребоваться знать собственный IP адрес, поскольку PPP поддерживает динамическое
+согласование адресов и может получить эту информацию непосредственно от провайдера, если
+он предоставляет такую возможность.</p>
+
+<p>Вам также могут понадобиться сведения об использовании различных ``AT команд'' вашей
+модели модема, поскольку программа дозвона PPP предоставляет только очень простой
+эмулятор терминала.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN367" name="AEN367">1.5.5.2. Параллельный порт</a></h5>
+
+<p>Если доступно аппаратное подключение к другому компьютеру FreeBSD или Linux, вы можете
+также провести установку через параллельный ``laplink'' кабель. Скорость передачи данных
+через параллельный порт гораздо выше, чем это обычно возможно через последовательную
+линию (до 50к/сек), в результате установка проходит быстрее. Обычно не требуется
+использовать ``настоящий'' IP адрес при PPP соединении таким способом и вы можете
+использовать адреса RFC 1918 для концов соединения (например <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, и т.д.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Если вы используете компьютер с Linux, а не с FreeBSD в качестве
+удаленной стороны PLIP, потребуется также указать <var class="OPTION">link0</var> в окне
+настройки TCP/IP, поле ``extra options for ifconfig'', для обеспечения совместимости с
+несколько иначе реализованным PLIP протоколом Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN378" name="AEN378">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD поддерживает большинство широко распространенных карт Ethernet; таблица
+совместимых карт является частью информации об оборудовании (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> в меню Documentation на загрузочной дискете или в
+корневом каталоге CDROM). Если вы используете одну из поддерживаемых PCMCIA Ethernet
+карт, убедитесь также, что она подключена <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">до</i></span> включения лэптопа. К сожалению, FreeBSD не поддерживает
+определение PCMCIA карт ``на ходу'' во время установки.</p>
+
+<p>Вам также потребуется узнать ваш IP адрес в сети, сетевую маску для вашей подсети, и
+имя вашего компьютера. Ваш системный администратор может подсказать вам, какие значения
+подойдут для данной настройки. Если вы будете обращаться к другим хостам по имени вместо
+IP адреса, вам также потребуется сервер имен и возможно адрес шлюза (если вы используете
+PPP, это IP адрес вашего провайдера). Если вы хотите выполнить установку с FTP через HTTP
+прокси (см. ниже), потребуется также адрес прокси.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы не знаете ответа на эти вопросы, вам возможно лучше поговорить с системным
+администратором <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">перед</i></span> началом этого
+типа установки. Использование произвольно выбираемых IP адресов или сетевых маск в
+действующей сети почти наверняка не будет работать и возможно вам придется выслушать
+лекцию от рассерженного системного администратора.</p>
+
+<p>Как только вы настроили какой-либо тип сетевого подключения, установка может быть
+продолжена через NFS или FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN388" name="AEN388">1.5.5.4. Советы по установке через
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>Установка через NFS довольно проста: скопируйте необходимые файлы дистрибутива FreeBSD
+куда-либо на сервер и укажите на них при выборе NFS типа носителя.</p>
+
+<p>Если этот сервер поддерживает доступ только через ``привилегированные порты'' (обычно
+это режим по умолчанию для рабочих станций Sun и Linux), вам может потребоваться
+установить соответствующий параметр в меню Options перед началом установки.</p>
+
+<p>Если ваша Ethernet карта плохого качества и скорость передачи данных очень низка, вы
+возможно также захотите установить соответствующий флаг в Options.</p>
+
+<p>Для установки через NFS, сервер также должен поддерживать ``subdir mounts'', т.е. если
+каталог вашего дистрибутива FreeBSD находится в <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+должен позволять непосредственное монтирование <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, а не только <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> или <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>В файле FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> это поведение управляется
+параметром <var class="OPTION">-alldirs</var>. Другие сервера NFS могут иметь другие
+соглашения. Если вы получаете сообщения сервера <var class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</var>, скорее всего эта возможность не включена.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN405" name="AEN405">1.5.5.5. Советы по установке через
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP установка может быть выполнена с любого зеркалирующего сервера, содержащего свежую
+версию FreeBSD. Полный список, позволяющий выбрать зеркало почти для любого региона мира,
+появляется во время установки через FTP.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы выполняете установку с FTP сайта, не входящего в этот список, или существует
+проблема с настройкой сервера имен, вы можете также задать собственный URL путем выбора
+``URL'' в этом меню. URL может содержать имя хоста или IP адрес, так что при отсутствии
+сервера имен подойдет URL вроде этого:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/alpha/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>Существует три типа FTP установки, которые вы можете использовать:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: Этот метод использует стандартный ``активный'' режим передачи данных, в котором
+сервер устанавливает соединение с клиентом. Этот метод не будет работать через
+большинство брандмауэров, но зачастую лучше работает со старыми FTP серверами, которые не
+поддерживают пассивный режим. Если соединение обрывается в пассивном режиме, попробуйте
+этот режим.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: Устанавливает ``пассивный'' режим, который не позволяет серверу
+устанавливать соединение с клиентом. Этот параметр отлично подходит пользователям,
+находящимся за брандмауэрами, которые не разрешают входящих соединений по произвольным
+адресам портов.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP через HTTP прокси: Этот параметр указывает FreeBSD использовать HTTP для
+выполнения через прокси всех FTP операций. Прокси будет транслировать запросы и
+отправлять их серверу FTP. Это позволяет пользователю проходить через брандмауэры,
+которые вообще не разрешают использование FTP, но предоставляют HTTP прокси. Вы должны
+указать имя хоста прокси в дополнение к FTP серверу.</p>
+
+<p>В редких случаях, когда FTP прокси не работает через HTTP, вы можете указать URL
+примерно так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">port</var>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>В URL выше, <var class="REPLACEABLE">port</var> это номер порта FTP прокси
+сервера.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN427" name="AEN427">1.5.6. Советы для последовательной
+консоли</a></h4>
+
+<p>Если вы предпочитаете устанавливать FreeBSD на компьютер, использующий только
+последовательный порт (т.е. не имеющий VGA карты), следуйте данной инструкции:</p>
+
+<div class="PROCEDURE">
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>Подключите любой ANSI (vt100) совместимый терминал или программу эмуляции терминала к
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">COM1</tt> порту PC, на который вы устанавливаете FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Отключите клавиатуру (да, это правильно!) и попробуйте загрузиться с дискеты или
+дистрибутивного CDROM, в зависимости от типа имеющегося дистрибутивного носителя, с
+отключенной клавиатурой.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Если вы не видите ничего на последовательной консоли, подключите клавиатуру опять.
+Если вы загружаетесь с CDROM, выполните <a href="#HITSPACE">шаг 5</a> после получения
+сигналов.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>При загрузке с дискет, после остановки чтения с диска вставьте первый диск <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> и нажмите <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. После остановки
+чтения с диска вставьте следующий диск <tt class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> и нажмите <b
+class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>, и так далее для всех дисков <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt>. Когда загрузка завершится, вставьте опять <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> и нажмите <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li><a id="HITSPACE" name="HITSPACE"></a>
+<p>После звукового сигнала нажмите цифру <b class="KEYCAP">6</b>, затем введите</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot -h</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>и теперь информация должна выводиться в последовательный порт. Если это все еще не
+работает, проверьте последовательный кабель и настройки программы эмуляции терминала или
+терминального устройства. Они должны быть включены на 9600 кбит, 8 бит, без проверки
+четности.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN454" name="AEN454">1.6. Вопросы и ответы для пользователей
+Alpha/AXP</a></h3>
+
+<div class="QANDASET">
+<dl>
+<dt>1.6.1. <a href="#Q1.6.1.">Могу ли я загрузиться с ARC или Alpha BIOS
+консоли?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.2. <a href="#Q1.6.2.">Помогите!! У меня нет места! Должен ли я сначала все
+удалить??</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.3. <a href="#Q1.6.3.">Могу ли я смонтировать расширенные разделы Compaq Tru64 или
+VMS?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.4. <a href="#Q1.6.4.">Что насчет поддержки бинарных файлов Compaq Tru64
+(OSF/1)?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.5. <a href="#Q1.6.5.">Что насчет поддержки исполняемых файлов Linux?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.6. <a href="#Q1.6.6.">Что насчет поддержки бинарных файлов NT Alpha?</a></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.1." name="Q1.6.1."></a><b>1.6.1.</b> Могу ли я загрузиться с ARC или Alpha
+BIOS консоли?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Нет. FreeBSD, так же как Compaq Tru64 и VMS, загружается только с SRM
+консоли.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.2." name="Q1.6.2."></a><b>1.6.2.</b> Помогите!! У меня нет места! Должен
+ли я сначала все удалить??</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>К сожалению, да.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.3." name="Q1.6.3."></a><b>1.6.3.</b> Могу ли я смонтировать расширенные
+разделы Compaq Tru64 или VMS?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>В данное время нет.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.4." name="Q1.6.4."></a><b>1.6.4.</b> Что насчет поддержки бинарных файлов
+Compaq Tru64 (OSF/1)?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>FreeBSD очень хорошо запускает приложения Tru64 с помощью пакета/порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/osf1_base/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/osf1_base</tt></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.5." name="Q1.6.5."></a><b>1.6.5.</b> Что насчет поддержки исполняемых
+файлов Linux?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>FreeBSD может выполнять бинарные файлы AlphaLinux с помощью порта/пакета <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/linux_base/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/linux_base</tt></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.6." name="Q1.6.6."></a><b>1.6.6.</b> Что насчет поддержки бинарных файлов
+NT Alpha?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>FreeBSD не может выполнять приложения NT, хотя и может монтировать разделы
+NT.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. Содержимое дистрибутива</a></h2>
+
+<p>Типичный каталог дистрибутива FreeBSD выглядит примерно так (детали могут отличаться в
+зависимости от версии, архитектуры, и других факторов):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>Если вы хотите выполнить CDROM, FTP или NFS установку из этого каталога, все, что
+потребуется, это сделать 1.44MB загрузочные дискеты (см. <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд.
+1.3</a>), загрузиться с них и следовать инструкциям. Остальные файлы, необходимые для
+установки, будут получены автоматически на основе вашего выбора. Если вы никогда раньше
+не устанавливали FreeBSD, потребуется также полностью прочитать этот документ (файл
+инструкций по установке).</p>
+
+<p>Если вы хотите выполнить установку другого типа, или хотите узнать больше об
+организации дистрибутива, вам поможет нижеследующая более детальная информация:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>Файлы <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> содержат
+документацию (например, этот документ находится в <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> и
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), их необходимо прочесть перед началом установки.
+Файлы <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> это простой текст, а файлы <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> это HTML файлы, которые могут быть просмотрены практически
+любым веб браузером. Некоторые дистрибутивы могут также содержать документацию в других
+форматах, таких как PDF или PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> это файл Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+используемый некоторыми веб браузерами для форматирования HTML документации.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, и <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> содержат основные
+компоненты дистрибутива FreeBSD и разделены на небольшие файлы, которые могут поместиться
+на дискеты (если это потребуется).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, и <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> содержат
+дистрибутивные наборы совместимости со старыми релизами и находятся в одиночных
+упакованных gzip tar файлах -- они могут быть установлены во время установки релиза или
+позже путем запуска соответствующих скриптов <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>В каталоге <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> находятся образы загрузочных дискет;
+дальнейшая информация по их использованию дана в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> содержат
+коллекцию пакетов и портов FreeBSD. Пакеты могут быть установлены из каталога <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> следующей командой:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Пакеты также могут быть установлены путем задания отдельных имен пакетов в каталоге
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ команде <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Коллекция портов может быть установлена как любой другой дистрибутивный набор и
+требует около 190MB места. Дальнейшая информация по коллекции портов может быть получена
+с <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> или локально из <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> если вы установили дистрибутивный набор <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Наконец, каталог <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> содержит различные утилиты DOS для
+определения геометрии диска, установки загрузочных менеджеров и т.п. Эти утилиты
+опциональны и предоставляются только для удобства пользователей.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Типичный дистрибутивный каталог (например, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) изнутри
+выглядит примерно так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> содержит контрольные суммы MD5 для каждого
+файла, которые помогают определить не поврежден ли файл. Он не используется программой
+установки и его не требуется копировать вместе с остальными файлами набора. Файлы <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> это части упакованного gzip tar файла, содержимое которого
+может быть просмотрено так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Во время установки эти части автоматически объединяются и извлекаются программой
+установки.</p>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> также необходим, поскольку он читается
+программой установки для определения числа частей, которые необходимо объединить в
+дистрибутивный набор. При помещении дистрибутивных наборов на дискеты, файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">должен</i></span>
+быть помещен на первую дискету каждого дистрибутивного набора!</p>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> это еще один не-необходимый файл,
+предоставляемый для информации. Он содержит контрольные суммы MD5 для <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">распакованных</i></span> дистрибутивных файлов и в
+дальнейшем может использоваться программой <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> для
+проверки возможного изменения файлов. Использование этого файла из набора <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> это хороший способ обнаружения троянских атак на вашу
+систему.</p>
+
+<p>Наконец, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> предназначен для тех, кто хочет
+установить дистрибутивный набор после установки системы. Например, для установки набора
+info с CDROM после установки системы, вы можете выполнить:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. Обновление FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Эта инструкция описывает процедуру бинарного обновления с предыдущих версий
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Хотя процедура обновления FreeBSD предпринимает все меры для
+предотвращения потери данных, все еще более чем возможно <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">потерять все содержимое жесткого диска</i></span> во время обновления!
+Пожалуйста, не подтверждайте установку без наличия резервной копии всех важных
+файлов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Здесь предполагается, что вы используете <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+поставляемую с той версией FreeBSD, до которой вы хотите обновиться. Использование другой
+версии <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+это почти гарантия возникновения проблем, система будет приведена в неработоспособное
+состояние. Наиболее часто совершаемая в этом случае ошибка -- это использование старой
+копии <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> из
+существующей системы для обновления FreeBSD до новой версии. Это <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">не</i></span> рекомендуется.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Бинарное обновление до FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE с FreeBSD 4-STABLE на
+данный момент не поддерживается. В FreeBSD 4-STABLE есть несколько файлов, наличие
+которых может быть разрушительно, но они не удаляются бинарным обновлением. Один
+известный пример это старый каталог <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, наличие
+которого приводит неправильной компиляции C++ программ (или они не компилируются
+вообще).</p>
+
+<p>Эти инструкции по обновлению предоставляются для пользователей, обновляющихся с
+относительно свежих FreeBSD 5-STABLE снэпшотов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN678" name="AEN678">3.1. Введение</a></h3>
+
+<p>Процедура обновления заменяет выбранные пользователем дистрибутивные наборы на наборы
+из нового релиза FreeBSD. Она сохраняет файлы настройки системы, как и данные
+пользователя, установленные пакеты и другое программное обеспечение.</p>
+
+<p>Администраторам, выполняющим обновление, предлагается изучить этот раздел полностью
+перед началом обновления.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN682" name="AEN682">3.1.1. Обзор обновления</a></h4>
+
+<p>Обновление дистрибутива производится путем извлечения новой версии компонентов поверх
+предыдущей версии. Файлы, принадлежащие старому дистрибутиву, не удаляются.</p>
+
+<p>Настройки системы сохраняются путем сохранения и восстановления предыдущей версии
+следующих файлов:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>Версии этих файлов, соответствующие новой версии системы, перемещаются в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. Системный администратор может объединить эти версии
+если требуется. Обратите внимание, что многие из этих файлов взаимно зависимы, и лучшая
+процедура объединения -- это копирование специфичных данных из старых версий файлов в
+новые.</p>
+
+<p>Во время процедуры обновления у администратора запрашивается место для сохранения
+файлов из <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. Если в используемые файлы будут внесены
+изменения, они могут быть последовательно восстановлены из этого каталога.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN756" name="AEN756">3.2. Процедура</a></h3>
+
+<p>Этот раздел описывает детали процедуры обновления. Особое внимание уделено моментам,
+которые существенно отличаются от обычной установки.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN759" name="AEN759">3.2.1. Резервное копирование</a></h4>
+
+<p>Данные пользователей и настройки системы должны быть сохранены перед обновлением. Хотя
+процедура обновления делает все для предотвращения случайных ошибок, возможно частичное
+или полное уничтожение данных и настроечной информации.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN762" name="AEN762">3.2.2. Монтирование файловых
+систем</a></h4>
+
+<p>Запускается редактор дисковых разделов со списком устройств имеющихся файловых систем.
+Перед началом обновления администратор должен обратить внимание имена устройств и
+соответствующие точки монтирования. Эти точки монтирования должны быть введены здесь.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Не</i></span> устанавливайте ``newfs flag''
+для файловых систем, поскольку это приведет к потере данных.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN767" name="AEN767">3.2.3. Выбор дистрибутивных
+наборов</a></h4>
+
+<p>На выбор дистрибутивных наборов не накладывается ограничений. Общее правило состоит в
+том, что для обновления должен быть выбран дистрибутивный набор <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>, и <var class="LITERAL">man</var> если страницы справочника
+уже установлены. Другие дистрибутивные наборы могут быть позже, если администратор
+захочет добавить дополнительные возможности.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. После установки</a></h4>
+
+<p>После завершения процедуры установки администратору предлагается проверить новые файлы
+настройки. В этот момент должна быть выполнена проверка правильности настроек системы. В
+частности, необходимо проверить файлы <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN777" name="AEN777">3.3. Обновление из исходных
+текстов</a></h3>
+
+<p>Для тех, кто интересуется более гибким и ``интеллектуальным'' методом обновления,
+существует глава Руководства FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">На переднем крае разработок</a>. Эта процедура относится к пересборке
+FreeBSD из исходных текстов. Она требует хорошего сетевого подключения, свободного места
+на диске и времени, но имеет преимущества при сетевых и других более сложных установках.
+Это та же процедура, что используется для отслеживания ветвей разработки -STABLE или
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> содержит важную информацию по обновлению
+системы FreeBSD из исходных текстов. В нем отражены различные вопросы, относящиеся к
+изменениям в FreeBSD, которые могут повлиять на обновление.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. Решение проблем</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. Восстановление существующей
+установки FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD предоставляет опцию ``Fixit'' в верхнем меню загрузочной дискеты. Для ее
+использования вам потребуется или дискета с <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+созданная тем же способом, что и загрузочная дискета, или ``live filesystem'' CDROM;
+обычно это второй CDROM в многодисковом дистрибутиве FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Для запуска fixit загрузите дискету <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>, выберите
+``Fixit'' из меню и вставьте fixit дискету или CDROM после приглашения. Появится оболочка
+с множеством команд (в каталогах <tt class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>) для проверки, восстановления и просмотра файловых
+систем и их содержимого. Для использования этой возможности <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">требуется</i></span> некоторый опыт администрирования UNIX.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN798" name="AEN798">4.2. Проблемы, с которыми наиболее часто
+сталкиваются пользователи архитектуры Alpha/AXP</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-amd64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-amd64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10b70e3004
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-amd64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1131 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Инструкции по установке FreeBSD/amd64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Инструкции по установке FreeBSD/amd64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>Эта статья дает краткие инструкции по установке FreeBSD/amd64 5.3-RELEASE, особое
+внимание уделено получению дистрибутива FreeBSD. Представлены также отдельные заметки по
+решению проблем и часто задаваемые вопросы.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. Установка FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Этот раздел описывает процесс установки новой системы FreeBSD. Особое внимание уделено
+получению дистрибутива FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE и началу процедуры установки. Глава <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``Установка FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">Руководства
+FreeBSD</a> предоставляет более подробную информацию о самой программе установке, включая
+пошаговую инструкцию по установке с иллюстрациями.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы обновляете предыдущий релиз FreeBSD, ознакомьтесь с <a href="#UPGRADING">Разд.
+3</a>, где находятся инструкции по обновлению.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. Перед
+установкой</a></h3>
+
+<p>Возможно наиболее важным действием, которое должно быть выполнено перед установкой,
+является чтение различных инструкций, поставляемых с FreeBSD. Обзор документов,
+поставляемых с этим релизом FreeBSD, можно найти в <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+который обычно находится там же, где и этот файл; большинство таких документов
+(информация о релизе, список совместимого оборудования) доступны также из меню
+Documentation программы установки.</p>
+
+<p>Он-лайн версии FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> и <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> доступны также с <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">веб сайта Проекта FreeBSD</a>, если у вас есть подключение к интернет.</p>
+
+<p>Этот набор документов может показаться сложным, но время, потраченное на их чтение,
+окупится многократно. Ознакомление с доступными ресурсами также может помочь в случае
+проблем при установке.</p>
+
+<p>Даже правильные действия иногда приводят к неудаче, так что если вы столкнулись с
+проблемами, обратитесь к <a href="#TROUBLE">Разд. 4</a>, где находится информация по
+решению проблем. Вам также понадобится прочесть свежую копию файла <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> перед установкой, он предупредит вас о проблемах,
+которые были обнаружены за время существования данного релиза.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Хотя FreeBSD уделяет основное внимание предотвращению потери данных, все
+же более чем возможна <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">потеря всех данных на
+диске</i></span> при ошибке во время установки. Не переходите к последнему меню установки
+FreeBSD до тех пор, пока не было выполнено резервное копирование важных данных.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. Требования к аппаратному
+обеспечению</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD для AMD64 работает с процессорами Athlon64, Athlon64-FX, Opteron или выше.</p>
+
+<p>Если ваш компьютер основан на nVidia nForce3 Pro-150, вам НЕОБХОДИМО использовать BIOS
+setup для выключения IO APIC. Если соответствующий параметр отсутствует, вам скорее всего
+потребуется выключить ACPI. В чипсете Pro-150 есть ошибки, для которых мы еще не нашли
+обходного пути.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы не знакомы с настройкой оборудования для FreeBSD, обязательно прочтите файл
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; в нем содержится важная информация по
+оборудованию, поддерживаемому FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. Инструкции по созданию
+дискет</a></h3>
+
+<p>Установка с дискеты не поддерживается в FreeBSD/amd64.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. Установка
+FreeBSD с CDROM или через интернет</a></h3>
+
+<p>Проще всего выполнить установку с CDROM. Если у вас есть поддерживаемый привод CDROM и
+установочный CD FreeBSD, существует два способа установки с него:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Если ваша система поддерживает стандарт ``CDBOOT'' загрузочных CDROM и загрузка с CD
+включена, просто поместите установочный CD FreeBSD в привод и загрузите систему для
+начала установки.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Создайте набор загрузочных дискет FreeBSD из каталога <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> дистрибутива FreeBSD. Прочтите <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд.
+1.3</a> с более подробной информацией по созданию загрузочных дискет под различными
+операционными системами. Затем просто загрузитесь с первой дискеты, и вскоре начнется
+установка FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN200" name="AEN200">1.5. Детальная информация по различным
+типам установки</a></h3>
+
+<p>Как только появится первый экран программы установки, вы сможете следовать различным
+меню этой программы. Если вы никогда раньше не использовали программу установки FreeBSD,
+вы можете также прочесть некоторую документацию из подменю Documentation, как и общие
+инструкции ``Usage'' из первого меню.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Если вы встретились с затруднениями, нажмите клавишу <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> для вызова онлайн документации, относящейся к этому разделу.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Если вы никогда раньше не устанавливали FreeBSD, или даже если устанавливали,
+рекомендуемым способом установки является ``Standard'', поскольку он гарантирует
+выполнение всех наиболее важных пунктов установки. Если вы хорошо знакомы с процессом
+установки FreeBSD и <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">точно</i></span> знаете,
+что нужно делать, используйте установку ``Express'' или ``Custom''. Если вы обновляете
+существующую систему, используйте параметр ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>Программа установки FreeBSD поддерживает непосредственное использование дискет,
+разделов DOS, NFS, UFS, лент и CDROM в качестве дистрибутивных носителей; дальнейшие
+инструкции по установке с каждого из этих носителей приведены ниже.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN239" name="AEN239">1.5.1. Установка с CDROM по сети</a></h4>
+
+<p>Если вы просто хотите установить систему с локального привода CDROM, прочтите <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">Разд. 1.4</a>. Если в вашей системе нет привода CDROM и вы
+хотите использовать CDROM на другой системе, к которой у вас есть подключение по сети,
+существует несколько способов чтобы сделать это:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Если у вас есть возможность установки FreeBSD через FTP непосредственно с CDROM на
+другом компьютере FreeBSD, это очень просто: убедитесь, что FTP сервер работает и
+добавьте следующую строку в файл паролей (используя <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>На компьютере, где вы производите установку, перейдите к меню Options и установите имя
+релиза в <var class="LITERAL">any</var>. Затем вы можете выбрать тип носителя <var
+class="LITERAL">FTP</var>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">machine</var></tt> после выбора ``URL'' в меню ftp сайтов.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Это позволит любому в локальной сети (или интернет) создавать
+``анонимные'' FTP соединения с этим компьютером, что может быть нежелательно.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Если вместо этого вы хотите использовать NFS для непосредственного экспорта
+содержимого CDROM на компьютер, с которого будет вестись установка, сначала потребуется
+добавить запись в файл <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (на компьютере, где
+находится привод CDROM). Пример ниже позволяет компьютеру <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> смонтировать CDROM во время установки непосредственно
+через NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>Конечно, компьютер с CDROM должен быть также настроен в качестве NFS сервера, и если
+вы не уверены как сделать это, NFS вероятно не лучший выбор для вас, пока вы не прочтете
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> и не
+настроите все правильно. Предполагая, что эта часть прошла нормально, вы должны ввести:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">cdrom-host</var>:/cdrom</tt> в качестве
+пути к NFS компьютеру, где находится дистрибутив, например <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN271" name="AEN271">1.5.2. Установка с дискет</a></h4>
+
+<p>Если вам необходимо выполнять установку с дискет, или из-за неподдерживаемого
+оборудования, или потому, что вам нравится делать все сложным способом, необходимо
+сначала подготовить дискеты.</p>
+
+<p>Сначала подготовьте дискеты, как описано в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Затем, внимательно прочтите <a href="#LAYOUT">Разд. 2</a> и обратите особое внимание
+на раздел ``Distribution Format'', поскольку он описывает файлы, которые необходимо
+поместить на дискеты и те, которые вы можете пропустить.</p>
+
+<p>Затем вам потребуется, как минимум, столько 1.44MB дискет, сколько необходимо для
+вмещения всех файлов из каталога <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+Если вы подготавливаете эти дискеты под DOS, они <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">должны</i></span> быть отформатированы с использованием команды MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. Если вы используете Windows, воспользуйтесь командой
+format из Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Зачастую диски поставляются уже отформатированными. Хотя это удобно,
+многие проблемы, о которых сообщали пользователи, стали причиной использования
+неправильно отформатированных носителей. Переформатируйте их самостоятельно, просто для
+уверенности.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Если вы создаете дискеты на другом компьютере с FreeBSD, форматирование все еще может
+потребоваться, хотя нет необходимости создавать файловую систему DOS на каждой дискете.
+Вы можете использовать команды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> для
+создания на дискетах файловой системы UFS, что проиллюстрировано в следующей
+последовательности команд:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>После форматирования дискет для DOS или UFS, вам потребуется скопировать на них файлы.
+Файлы дистрибутива разделены на части такого размера, чтобы на каждую дискету помещался
+один файл. Каждый дистрибутивный набор должен располагаться на дискете в своем
+собственном каталоге, т.е.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Файл <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> также необходимо поместить на
+первую дискету набора <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, поскольку он читается программой
+установки для определения количества дополнительных частей, которые необходимо объединить
+в дистрибутивный набор. При помещении дистрибутивных наборов на дискеты, файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">должен</i></span> помещаться на первую дискету каждого дистрибутивного
+набора.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Как только в программе установки появится экран Media, выберите ``Floppy'' и
+продолжайте установку.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN311" name="AEN311">1.5.3. Установка с раздела DOS</a></h4>
+
+<p>Для подготовке к установке с раздела MS-DOS вы должны просто скопировать файлы из
+дистрибутива в каталог <tt class="FILENAME">FREEBSD</tt> на основном разделе DOS (<tt
+class="DEVICENAME">C:</tt>). Например, для выполнения минимальной установки FreeBSD с
+раздела DOS, используя файлы, скопированные с CDROM, вы можете сделать примерно
+следующее:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">C:\&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">MD C:\FREEBSD</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">C:\&#62;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">XCOPY /S E:\BASE C:\FREEBSD\BASE</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Предполагается, что на <tt class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> смонтирован CD.</p>
+
+<p>Для всех дистрибутивных наборов, которые вы хотите установить с раздела DOS (и для
+которых у вас есть свободное место), выполните копирование в каталог <tt
+class="FILENAME">C:\FREEBSD</tt> -- минимально необходимый набор это <tt
+class="FILENAME">BIN</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Как только вы скопировали каталоги, просто запустите установку с дискет как обычно и
+выберите ``DOS'' в качестве носителя когда придет время.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN336" name="AEN336">1.5.4. Установка с QIC/SCSI ленты</a></h4>
+
+<p>При установке с ленты, программа установки предполагает, что файлы помещены на нее с
+помощью <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, поэтому
+после загрузки всех файлов дистрибутивных наборов, которые вам нужны, используйте <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> для помещения их на ленту с помощью примерно такой команды:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">/where/you/have/your/dists</var></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">dist1</var> .. <var class="REPLACEABLE">dist2</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>При установке вы также должны убедиться, что оставлено достаточно места во временном
+каталоге (который вам будет предложено выбрать) для помещения <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">полного</i></span> содержимого созданной ленты. В связи с невозможностью
+произвольного доступа к содержимого ленты, этот метод установки требует места во
+временном хранилище. Отведите столько места, сколько потребуется для распаковки
+дистрибутивных наборов, помещенных на ленту.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Для установки лента должна быть помещена в привод <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">до</i></span> загрузки с дискет. Иначе программа
+установки может не найти ее во время тестирования устройств.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Теперь создайте загрузочные дискеты, как описано в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a> и
+приступайте к установке.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. Установка по сети через FTP или
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>После создания загрузочных дискет, как описано в первом разделе, вы можете загрузить
+остальные файлы по сети, используя 3 типа соединения: последовательный порт, параллельный
+порт или Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN361" name="AEN361">1.5.5.1. Последовательный порт</a></h5>
+
+<p>Поддержка SLIP довольно примитивна, и ограничена в основном постоянными соединениями,
+такими как последовательный кабель между двумя компьютерами. Соединение должно быть
+постоянным, поскольку программа SLIP на данный момент не предоставляет возможности
+дозвона. Если вам требуется дозвон по модему или иной способ подготовки соединения перед
+его установкой, используйте PPP.</p>
+
+<p>При использовании PPP, убедитесь, что у вас есть IP адрес провайдера и сведения о DNS,
+так как они понадобятся на ранней стадии процесса установки. Вам также может
+потребоваться знать собственный IP адрес, поскольку PPP поддерживает динамическое
+согласование адресов и может получить эту информацию непосредственно от провайдера, если
+он предоставляет такую возможность.</p>
+
+<p>Вам также могут понадобиться сведения об использовании различных ``AT команд'' вашей
+модели модема, поскольку программа дозвона PPP предоставляет только очень простой
+эмулятор терминала.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN367" name="AEN367">1.5.5.2. Параллельный порт</a></h5>
+
+<p>Если доступно аппаратное подключение к другому компьютеру FreeBSD или Linux, вы можете
+также провести установку через параллельный ``laplink'' кабель. Скорость передачи данных
+через параллельный порт гораздо выше, чем это обычно возможно через последовательную
+линию (до 50к/сек), в результате установка проходит быстрее. Обычно не требуется
+использовать ``настоящий'' IP адрес при PPP соединении таким способом и вы можете
+использовать адреса RFC 1918 для концов соединения (например <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, и т.д.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Если вы используете компьютер с Linux, а не с FreeBSD в качестве
+удаленной стороны PLIP, потребуется также указать <var class="OPTION">link0</var> в окне
+настройки TCP/IP, поле ``extra options for ifconfig'', для обеспечения совместимости с
+несколько иначе реализованным PLIP протоколом Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN378" name="AEN378">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD поддерживает большинство широко распространенных карт Ethernet; таблица
+совместимых карт является частью информации об оборудовании (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> в меню Documentation на загрузочной дискете или в
+корневом каталоге CDROM). Если вы используете одну из поддерживаемых PCMCIA Ethernet
+карт, убедитесь также, что она подключена <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">до</i></span> включения лэптопа. К сожалению, FreeBSD не поддерживает
+определение PCMCIA карт ``на ходу'' во время установки.</p>
+
+<p>Вам также потребуется узнать ваш IP адрес в сети, сетевую маску для вашей подсети, и
+имя вашего компьютера. Ваш системный администратор может подсказать вам, какие значения
+подойдут для данной настройки. Если вы будете обращаться к другим хостам по имени вместо
+IP адреса, вам также потребуется сервер имен и возможно адрес шлюза (если вы используете
+PPP, это IP адрес вашего провайдера). Если вы хотите выполнить установку с FTP через HTTP
+прокси (см. ниже), потребуется также адрес прокси.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы не знаете ответа на эти вопросы, вам возможно лучше поговорить с системным
+администратором <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">перед</i></span> началом этого
+типа установки. Использование произвольно выбираемых IP адресов или сетевых маск в
+действующей сети почти наверняка не будет работать и возможно вам придется выслушать
+лекцию от рассерженного системного администратора.</p>
+
+<p>Как только вы настроили какой-либо тип сетевого подключения, установка может быть
+продолжена через NFS или FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN388" name="AEN388">1.5.5.4. Советы по установке через
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>Установка через NFS довольно проста: скопируйте необходимые файлы дистрибутива FreeBSD
+куда-либо на сервер и укажите на них при выборе NFS типа носителя.</p>
+
+<p>Если этот сервер поддерживает доступ только через ``привилегированные порты'' (обычно
+это режим по умолчанию для рабочих станций Sun и Linux), вам может потребоваться
+установить соответствующий параметр в меню Options перед началом установки.</p>
+
+<p>Если ваша Ethernet карта плохого качества и скорость передачи данных очень низка, вы
+возможно также захотите установить соответствующий флаг в Options.</p>
+
+<p>Для установки через NFS, сервер также должен поддерживать ``subdir mounts'', т.е. если
+каталог вашего дистрибутива FreeBSD находится в <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+должен позволять непосредственное монтирование <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, а не только <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> или <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>В файле FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> это поведение управляется
+параметром <var class="OPTION">-alldirs</var>. Другие сервера NFS могут иметь другие
+соглашения. Если вы получаете сообщения сервера <var class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</var>, скорее всего эта возможность не включена.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN405" name="AEN405">1.5.5.5. Советы по установке через
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP установка может быть выполнена с любого зеркалирующего сервера, содержащего свежую
+версию FreeBSD. Полный список, позволяющий выбрать зеркало почти для любого региона мира,
+появляется во время установки через FTP.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы выполняете установку с FTP сайта, не входящего в этот список, или существует
+проблема с настройкой сервера имен, вы можете также задать собственный URL путем выбора
+``URL'' в этом меню. URL может содержать имя хоста или IP адрес, так что при отсутствии
+сервера имен подойдет URL вроде этого:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>Существует три типа FTP установки, которые вы можете использовать:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: Этот метод использует стандартный ``активный'' режим передачи данных, в котором
+сервер устанавливает соединение с клиентом. Этот метод не будет работать через
+большинство брандмауэров, но зачастую лучше работает со старыми FTP серверами, которые не
+поддерживают пассивный режим. Если соединение обрывается в пассивном режиме, попробуйте
+этот режим.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: Устанавливает ``пассивный'' режим, который не позволяет серверу
+устанавливать соединение с клиентом. Этот параметр отлично подходит пользователям,
+находящимся за брандмауэрами, которые не разрешают входящих соединений по произвольным
+адресам портов.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP через HTTP прокси: Этот параметр указывает FreeBSD использовать HTTP для
+выполнения через прокси всех FTP операций. Прокси будет транслировать запросы и
+отправлять их серверу FTP. Это позволяет пользователю проходить через брандмауэры,
+которые вообще не разрешают использование FTP, но предоставляют HTTP прокси. Вы должны
+указать имя хоста прокси в дополнение к FTP серверу.</p>
+
+<p>В редких случаях, когда FTP прокси не работает через HTTP, вы можете указать URL
+примерно так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">port</var>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>В URL выше, <var class="REPLACEABLE">port</var> это номер порта FTP прокси
+сервера.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN427" name="AEN427">1.5.6. Советы для последовательной
+консоли</a></h4>
+
+<p>Если вы предпочитаете устанавливать FreeBSD на компьютер, использующий только
+последовательный порт (т.е. не имеющий VGA карты), следуйте данной инструкции:</p>
+
+<div class="PROCEDURE">
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>Подключите любой ANSI (vt100) совместимый терминал или программу эмуляции терминала к
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">COM1</tt> порту PC, на который вы устанавливаете FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Отключите клавиатуру (да, это правильно!) и попробуйте загрузиться с дискеты или
+дистрибутивного CDROM, в зависимости от типа имеющегося дистрибутивного носителя, с
+отключенной клавиатурой.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Если вы не видите ничего на последовательной консоли, подключите клавиатуру опять.
+Если вы загружаетесь с CDROM, выполните <a href="#HITSPACE">шаг 5</a> после получения
+сигналов.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>При загрузке с дискет, после остановки чтения с диска вставьте первый диск <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> и нажмите <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. После остановки
+чтения с диска вставьте следующий диск <tt class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> и нажмите <b
+class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>, и так далее для всех дисков <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt>. Когда загрузка завершится, вставьте опять <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> и нажмите <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li><a id="HITSPACE" name="HITSPACE"></a>
+<p>После звукового сигнала нажмите цифру <b class="KEYCAP">6</b>, затем введите</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot -h</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>и теперь информация должна выводиться в последовательный порт. Если это все еще не
+работает, проверьте последовательный кабель и настройки программы эмуляции терминала или
+терминального устройства. Они должны быть включены на 9600 кбит, 8 бит, без проверки
+четности.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN454" name="AEN454">1.6. Вопросы и ответы для пользователей
+AMD64</a></h3>
+
+<div class="QANDASET">
+<dl>
+<dt>1.6.1. <a href="#Q1.6.1.">Помогите! У меня нет места! Нужно ли сначала все
+удалить?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.2. <a href="#Q1.6.2.">Могу я использовать сжатые файловые системы DOS из
+FreeBSD?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.3. <a href="#Q1.6.3.">Могу ли я смонтировать расширенные разделы DOS?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.4. <a href="#Q1.6.4.">Могу ли я запускать исполняемые файлы DOS в
+FreeBSD?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.5. <a href="#Q1.6.5.">Могу ли я запускать в FreeBSD приложения <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R)?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.6. <a href="#Q1.6.6.">Могу ли я запускать в FreeBSD другие операционные
+системы?</a></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.1." name="Q1.6.1."></a><b>1.6.1.</b> Помогите! У меня нет места! Нужно ли
+сначала все удалить?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Если на вашем компьютере уже установлена DOS и для установки FreeBSD нет или
+недостаточно места, еще не все потеряно! Вам может помочь утилита <b
+class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b>, находящаяся в каталоге <tt class="FILENAME">tools/</tt>
+FreeBSD CDROM или на различных ftp сайтах FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> позволяет вам разделить существующее пространство DOS
+на две части, сохраняя имеющиеся данные и делая возможной установку на вторую свободную
+часть. Сначала необходимо выполнить дефрагментацию раздела DOS, используя утилиту <tt
+class="FILENAME">DEFRAG</tt> из DOS 6.xx или <b class="APPLICATION">Norton Disk
+Tools</b>, затем запустите FIPS. Он запросит всю необходимую информацию. Затем вы можете
+перегрузиться и установить FreeBSD в новый раздел. Учтите также, что FIPS создаст второй
+раздел как ``клон'' первого, получатся два основных раздела DOS. Не волнуйтесь! Вы можете
+просто удалить второй первичный раздел DOS (убедившись, что это именно тот раздел,
+проверив его размер).</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> в настоящее время НЕ работает с разделами NTFS. Для
+работы с такими разделами вам потребуется коммерческий продукт, такой как <b
+class="APPLICATION">Partition Magic</b>. Это становится проблемой только в том случае,
+если раздел Windows занимает весь диск и вы не хотите выполнять установку с нуля.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> не работает с расширенными разделами DOS.
+Поддерживаются основные разделы Windows 95/98/ME FAT32.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.2." name="Q1.6.2."></a><b>1.6.2.</b> Могу я использовать сжатые файловые
+системы DOS из FreeBSD?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Нет. Если вы используете такую утилиту как <b
+class="APPLICATION">Stacker</b>(tm) или <b class="APPLICATION">DoubleSpace</b>(tm),
+FreeBSD сможет использовать только ту часть файловой системы, которую вы оставили
+несжатой. Остальная часть файловой системы будет показана в виде одного большого файла
+(файл stacked/dblspaced!). <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Не удаляйте этот
+файл</i></span>!</p>
+
+<p>Возможно лучше создать другой несжатый расширенный DOS раздел и использовать его для
+передачи файлов между DOS и FreeBSD, если это требуется.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.3." name="Q1.6.3."></a><b>1.6.3.</b> Могу ли я смонтировать расширенные
+разделы DOS?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Да. Расширенные разделы DOS именуются после других ``слайсов'' FreeBSD, т.е.
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">D:</tt> может стать <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s5</tt>, <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> -- <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s6</tt> и т.д. В этом примере
+предполагается, что расширенный раздел находится на диске SCSI 0. Для дисков IDE замените
+<var class="LITERAL">da</var> на <var class="LITERAL">ad</var> соответственно. Иными
+словами, расширенные разделы монтируются так же, как и любые другие DOS диски, т.е.:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">mount -t msdos /dev/da0s5 /dos_d</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.4." name="Q1.6.4."></a><b>1.6.4.</b> Могу ли я запускать исполняемые файлы
+DOS в FreeBSD?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Хотя еще имеются некоторые острые углы, во многих случаях может подойти утилита
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=doscmd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">doscmd</span>(1)</span></a>,
+работа над которой продолжается. Порт/пакет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> можно найти в коллекции портов FreeBSD. Если
+вы заинтересованы в работе над этой утилитой, отправьте письмо в <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-emulation" target="_top">Список
+рассылки, посвящённый эмуляции во FreeBSD</a> и укажите, что вы заинтересованы в этой
+продолжающейся работе!</p>
+
+<p>Порт/пакет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/pcemu/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/pcemu</tt></a> в коллекции портов FreeBSD эмулирует 8088 и
+BIOS сервисы для запуска текстовых приложений DOS. Для работы ему требуется X Window
+System (XFree86).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.5." name="Q1.6.5."></a><b>1.6.5.</b> Могу ли я запускать в FreeBSD
+приложения <span class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R)?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Существуют несколько портов/пакетов в коллекции портов FreeBSD, которые могут
+сделать возможным использование многих приложений <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>.
+Порт/пакет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/wine/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/wine</tt></a> предоставляет уровень совместимости над FreeBSD,
+который позволяет многим <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> приложениям работать в X
+Windows (XFree86).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.6." name="Q1.6.6."></a><b>1.6.6.</b> Могу ли я запускать в FreeBSD другие
+операционные системы?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>В коллекции портов находятся несколько портов/пакетов, которые имитируют
+``виртуальные машины'' и позволяют другим операционным системам работать поверх FreeBSD.
+Порт/пакет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/bochs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/bochs</tt></a> позволяет <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span> <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>, Linux и
+даже другим копиям FreeBSD работать внутри окна рабочего стола FreeBSD. Порты/пакеты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/vmware2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/vmware2</tt></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/vmware3/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/vmware3</tt></a> позволяют запускать в FreeBSD коммерческие
+виртуальные машины VMware.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. Содержимое дистрибутива</a></h2>
+
+<p>Типичный каталог дистрибутива FreeBSD выглядит примерно так (детали могут отличаться в
+зависимости от версии, архитектуры, и других факторов):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>Если вы хотите выполнить CDROM, FTP или NFS установку из этого каталога, все, что
+потребуется, это сделать 1.44MB загрузочные дискеты (см. <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд.
+1.3</a>), загрузиться с них и следовать инструкциям. Остальные файлы, необходимые для
+установки, будут получены автоматически на основе вашего выбора. Если вы никогда раньше
+не устанавливали FreeBSD, потребуется также полностью прочитать этот документ (файл
+инструкций по установке).</p>
+
+<p>Если вы хотите выполнить установку другого типа, или хотите узнать больше об
+организации дистрибутива, вам поможет нижеследующая более детальная информация:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>Файлы <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> содержат
+документацию (например, этот документ находится в <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> и
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), их необходимо прочесть перед началом установки.
+Файлы <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> это простой текст, а файлы <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> это HTML файлы, которые могут быть просмотрены практически
+любым веб браузером. Некоторые дистрибутивы могут также содержать документацию в других
+форматах, таких как PDF или PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> это файл Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+используемый некоторыми веб браузерами для форматирования HTML документации.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, и <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> содержат основные
+компоненты дистрибутива FreeBSD и разделены на небольшие файлы, которые могут поместиться
+на дискеты (если это потребуется).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, и <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> содержат
+дистрибутивные наборы совместимости со старыми релизами и находятся в одиночных
+упакованных gzip tar файлах -- они могут быть установлены во время установки релиза или
+позже путем запуска соответствующих скриптов <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>В каталоге <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> находятся образы загрузочных дискет;
+дальнейшая информация по их использованию дана в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> содержат
+коллекцию пакетов и портов FreeBSD. Пакеты могут быть установлены из каталога <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> следующей командой:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Пакеты также могут быть установлены путем задания отдельных имен пакетов в каталоге
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ команде <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Коллекция портов может быть установлена как любой другой дистрибутивный набор и
+требует около 190MB места. Дальнейшая информация по коллекции портов может быть получена
+с <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> или локально из <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> если вы установили дистрибутивный набор <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Наконец, каталог <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> содержит различные утилиты DOS для
+определения геометрии диска, установки загрузочных менеджеров и т.п. Эти утилиты
+опциональны и предоставляются только для удобства пользователей.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Типичный дистрибутивный каталог (например, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) изнутри
+выглядит примерно так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> содержит контрольные суммы MD5 для каждого
+файла, которые помогают определить не поврежден ли файл. Он не используется программой
+установки и его не требуется копировать вместе с остальными файлами набора. Файлы <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> это части упакованного gzip tar файла, содержимое которого
+может быть просмотрено так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Во время установки эти части автоматически объединяются и извлекаются программой
+установки.</p>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> также необходим, поскольку он читается
+программой установки для определения числа частей, которые необходимо объединить в
+дистрибутивный набор. При помещении дистрибутивных наборов на дискеты, файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">должен</i></span>
+быть помещен на первую дискету каждого дистрибутивного набора!</p>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> это еще один не-необходимый файл,
+предоставляемый для информации. Он содержит контрольные суммы MD5 для <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">распакованных</i></span> дистрибутивных файлов и в
+дальнейшем может использоваться программой <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> для
+проверки возможного изменения файлов. Использование этого файла из набора <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> это хороший способ обнаружения троянских атак на вашу
+систему.</p>
+
+<p>Наконец, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> предназначен для тех, кто хочет
+установить дистрибутивный набор после установки системы. Например, для установки набора
+info с CDROM после установки системы, вы можете выполнить:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. Обновление FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Эта инструкция описывает процедуру бинарного обновления с предыдущих версий
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Хотя процедура обновления FreeBSD предпринимает все меры для
+предотвращения потери данных, все еще более чем возможно <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">потерять все содержимое жесткого диска</i></span> во время обновления!
+Пожалуйста, не подтверждайте установку без наличия резервной копии всех важных
+файлов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Здесь предполагается, что вы используете <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+поставляемую с той версией FreeBSD, до которой вы хотите обновиться. Использование другой
+версии <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+это почти гарантия возникновения проблем, система будет приведена в неработоспособное
+состояние. Наиболее часто совершаемая в этом случае ошибка -- это использование старой
+копии <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> из
+существующей системы для обновления FreeBSD до новой версии. Это <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">не</i></span> рекомендуется.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Бинарное обновление до FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE с FreeBSD 4-STABLE на
+данный момент не поддерживается. В FreeBSD 4-STABLE есть несколько файлов, наличие
+которых может быть разрушительно, но они не удаляются бинарным обновлением. Один
+известный пример это старый каталог <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, наличие
+которого приводит неправильной компиляции C++ программ (или они не компилируются
+вообще).</p>
+
+<p>Эти инструкции по обновлению предоставляются для пользователей, обновляющихся с
+относительно свежих FreeBSD 5-STABLE снэпшотов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN678" name="AEN678">3.1. Введение</a></h3>
+
+<p>Процедура обновления заменяет выбранные пользователем дистрибутивные наборы на наборы
+из нового релиза FreeBSD. Она сохраняет файлы настройки системы, как и данные
+пользователя, установленные пакеты и другое программное обеспечение.</p>
+
+<p>Администраторам, выполняющим обновление, предлагается изучить этот раздел полностью
+перед началом обновления.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN682" name="AEN682">3.1.1. Обзор обновления</a></h4>
+
+<p>Обновление дистрибутива производится путем извлечения новой версии компонентов поверх
+предыдущей версии. Файлы, принадлежащие старому дистрибутиву, не удаляются.</p>
+
+<p>Настройки системы сохраняются путем сохранения и восстановления предыдущей версии
+следующих файлов:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>Версии этих файлов, соответствующие новой версии системы, перемещаются в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. Системный администратор может объединить эти версии
+если требуется. Обратите внимание, что многие из этих файлов взаимно зависимы, и лучшая
+процедура объединения -- это копирование специфичных данных из старых версий файлов в
+новые.</p>
+
+<p>Во время процедуры обновления у администратора запрашивается место для сохранения
+файлов из <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. Если в используемые файлы будут внесены
+изменения, они могут быть последовательно восстановлены из этого каталога.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN756" name="AEN756">3.2. Процедура</a></h3>
+
+<p>Этот раздел описывает детали процедуры обновления. Особое внимание уделено моментам,
+которые существенно отличаются от обычной установки.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN759" name="AEN759">3.2.1. Резервное копирование</a></h4>
+
+<p>Данные пользователей и настройки системы должны быть сохранены перед обновлением. Хотя
+процедура обновления делает все для предотвращения случайных ошибок, возможно частичное
+или полное уничтожение данных и настроечной информации.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN762" name="AEN762">3.2.2. Монтирование файловых
+систем</a></h4>
+
+<p>Запускается редактор дисковых разделов со списком устройств имеющихся файловых систем.
+Перед началом обновления администратор должен обратить внимание имена устройств и
+соответствующие точки монтирования. Эти точки монтирования должны быть введены здесь.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Не</i></span> устанавливайте ``newfs flag''
+для файловых систем, поскольку это приведет к потере данных.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN767" name="AEN767">3.2.3. Выбор дистрибутивных
+наборов</a></h4>
+
+<p>На выбор дистрибутивных наборов не накладывается ограничений. Общее правило состоит в
+том, что для обновления должен быть выбран дистрибутивный набор <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>, и <var class="LITERAL">man</var> если страницы справочника
+уже установлены. Другие дистрибутивные наборы могут быть позже, если администратор
+захочет добавить дополнительные возможности.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. После установки</a></h4>
+
+<p>После завершения процедуры установки администратору предлагается проверить новые файлы
+настройки. В этот момент должна быть выполнена проверка правильности настроек системы. В
+частности, необходимо проверить файлы <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN777" name="AEN777">3.3. Обновление из исходных
+текстов</a></h3>
+
+<p>Для тех, кто интересуется более гибким и ``интеллектуальным'' методом обновления,
+существует глава Руководства FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">На переднем крае разработок</a>. Эта процедура относится к пересборке
+FreeBSD из исходных текстов. Она требует хорошего сетевого подключения, свободного места
+на диске и времени, но имеет преимущества при сетевых и других более сложных установках.
+Это та же процедура, что используется для отслеживания ветвей разработки -STABLE или
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> содержит важную информацию по обновлению
+системы FreeBSD из исходных текстов. В нем отражены различные вопросы, относящиеся к
+изменениям в FreeBSD, которые могут повлиять на обновление.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. Решение проблем</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. Восстановление существующей
+установки FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD предоставляет опцию ``Fixit'' в верхнем меню загрузочной дискеты. Для ее
+использования вам потребуется или дискета с <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+созданная тем же способом, что и загрузочная дискета, или ``live filesystem'' CDROM;
+обычно это второй CDROM в многодисковом дистрибутиве FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Для запуска fixit загрузите дискету <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>, выберите
+``Fixit'' из меню и вставьте fixit дискету или CDROM после приглашения. Появится оболочка
+с множеством команд (в каталогах <tt class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>) для проверки, восстановления и просмотра файловых
+систем и их содержимого. Для использования этой возможности <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">требуется</i></span> некоторый опыт администрирования UNIX.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN798" name="AEN798">4.2. Проблемы, с которыми наиболее часто
+сталкиваются пользователи архитектуры AMD64</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-i386.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-i386.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd57296d04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-i386.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1576 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Инструкции по установке FreeBSD/i386 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Инструкции по установке FreeBSD/i386
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>Эта статья дает краткие инструкции по установке FreeBSD/i386 5.3-RELEASE, особое
+внимание уделено получению дистрибутива FreeBSD. Представлены также отдельные заметки по
+решению проблем и часто задаваемые вопросы.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. Установка FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Этот раздел описывает процесс установки новой системы FreeBSD. Особое внимание уделено
+получению дистрибутива FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE и началу процедуры установки. Глава <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``Установка FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">Руководства
+FreeBSD</a> предоставляет более подробную информацию о самой программе установке, включая
+пошаговую инструкцию по установке с иллюстрациями.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы обновляете предыдущий релиз FreeBSD, ознакомьтесь с <a href="#UPGRADING">Разд.
+3</a>, где находятся инструкции по обновлению.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. Перед
+установкой</a></h3>
+
+<p>Возможно наиболее важным действием, которое должно быть выполнено перед установкой,
+является чтение различных инструкций, поставляемых с FreeBSD. Обзор документов,
+поставляемых с этим релизом FreeBSD, можно найти в <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+который обычно находится там же, где и этот файл; большинство таких документов
+(информация о релизе, список совместимого оборудования) доступны также из меню
+Documentation программы установки.</p>
+
+<p>Он-лайн версии FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> и <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> доступны также с <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">веб сайта Проекта FreeBSD</a>, если у вас есть подключение к интернет.</p>
+
+<p>Этот набор документов может показаться сложным, но время, потраченное на их чтение,
+окупится многократно. Ознакомление с доступными ресурсами также может помочь в случае
+проблем при установке.</p>
+
+<p>Даже правильные действия иногда приводят к неудаче, так что если вы столкнулись с
+проблемами, обратитесь к <a href="#TROUBLE">Разд. 4</a>, где находится информация по
+решению проблем. Вам также понадобится прочесть свежую копию файла <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> перед установкой, он предупредит вас о проблемах,
+которые были обнаружены за время существования данного релиза.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Хотя FreeBSD уделяет основное внимание предотвращению потери данных, все
+же более чем возможна <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">потеря всех данных на
+диске</i></span> при ошибке во время установки. Не переходите к последнему меню установки
+FreeBSD до тех пор, пока не было выполнено резервное копирование важных данных.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. Требования к аппаратному
+обеспечению</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD для i386 для установки и работы требуется 486 процессор или выше (хотя с
+другим ядром FreeBSD может работать на процессорах 386), как минимум 8 мегабайт
+оперативной памяти для установки и 7 мегабайта для запуска. Вам потребуется как минимум
+150MB свободного места на жестком диске для минимальной установки. Ниже дана информация
+по урезанию существующего раздела DOS для установки FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы не знакомы с настройкой оборудования для FreeBSD, обязательно прочтите файл
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; в нем содержится важная информация по
+оборудованию, поддерживаемому FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. Инструкции по созданию
+дискет</a></h3>
+
+<p>В зависимости от способа установки FreeBSD, вам может потребоваться создание набора
+дискет (обычно трех) для начала процесса установки. Этот раздел кратко описывает как
+создать эти диски с установочного CDROM или из интернет. Обратите внимание, что в общем
+случае установки FreeBSD с CDROM на компьютере, поддерживающем загрузочные CDROM, этот
+шаг не требуется и может быть пропущен.</p>
+
+<p>Для большинства установок с CDROM или по сети, вам потребуются скопировать образы
+дискет <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> из
+каталога <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> (для 1.44MB дискет).</p>
+
+<p>Получить эти образы по сети просто. Загрузите <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">release</var><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/boot.flp</tt> и все <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">release</var><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/kernX.flp</tt> с <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> или с одного из
+зеркал, перечисленных в разделе <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
+target="_top">FTP зеркала</a> Руководства или, или на страницах <a
+href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Возьмите три (или сколько потребуется) чистых, только что отформатированных дискет и
+поместите образ <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> на первую, а <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> на остальные. Эти образы <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">не</i></span> DOS файлы. Вы не можете просто скопировать их на DOS или
+UFS дискету как обычные файлы, потребуется размещение образов на диске с помощью <tt
+class="FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> под DOS (находится в каталоге <tt
+class="FILENAME">tools</tt> на CDROM или на FTP зеркалах FreeBSD) или с помощью команды
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> в UNIX.</p>
+
+<p>Например, для создания дискеты с образом ядра под DOS, вам потребуется выполнить
+примерно такую команду:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">C&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdimage boot.flp a:</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Предполагается, что вы скопировали <tt class="FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> в отдельный каталог. Для файлов <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> действия будут аналогичны.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы создаете загрузочную дискету на компьютере UNIX, используйте команду:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>или</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>или</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/floppy</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>в зависимости от имеющегося оборудования и операционной системы (различные версии UNIX
+по-разному именуют устройства гибких дисков).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. Установка
+FreeBSD с CDROM или через интернет</a></h3>
+
+<p>Проще всего выполнить установку с CDROM. Если у вас есть поддерживаемый привод CDROM и
+установочный CD FreeBSD, существует два способа установки с него:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Если ваша система поддерживает стандарт ``CDBOOT'' загрузочных CDROM и загрузка с CD
+включена, просто поместите установочный CD FreeBSD в привод и загрузите систему для
+начала установки.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Создайте набор загрузочных дискет FreeBSD из каталога <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> дистрибутива FreeBSD. Прочтите <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд.
+1.3</a> с более подробной информацией по созданию загрузочных дискет под различными
+операционными системами. Затем просто загрузитесь с первой дискеты, и вскоре начнется
+установка FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Если у вас нет CDROM (или ваш компьютер не поддерживает загрузку с CDROM), вы можете
+просто выполнить установку через сеть, используя PPP, SLIP или выделенное соединение.
+Начните установку, создав набор загрузочных дискет FreeBSD из файлов <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/boot.flp</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/kernX.flp</tt>,
+используя инструкции в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a>. Перезагрузите компьютер, диск
+<tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt>; после запроса вставьте последовательно остальные
+диски. Прочтите <a href="#FTPNFS">Разд. 1.5.5</a> с дополнительной информацией по
+установке через FTP или NFS.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN200" name="AEN200">1.5. Детальная информация по различным
+типам установки</a></h3>
+
+<p>Как только появится первый экран программы установки, вы сможете следовать различным
+меню этой программы. Если вы никогда раньше не использовали программу установки FreeBSD,
+вы можете также прочесть некоторую документацию из подменю Documentation, как и общие
+инструкции ``Usage'' из первого меню.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Если вы встретились с затруднениями, нажмите клавишу <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> для вызова онлайн документации, относящейся к этому разделу.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Если вы никогда раньше не устанавливали FreeBSD, или даже если устанавливали,
+рекомендуемым способом установки является ``Standard'', поскольку он гарантирует
+выполнение всех наиболее важных пунктов установки. Если вы хорошо знакомы с процессом
+установки FreeBSD и <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">точно</i></span> знаете,
+что нужно делать, используйте установку ``Express'' или ``Custom''. Если вы обновляете
+существующую систему, используйте параметр ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>Программа установки FreeBSD поддерживает непосредственное использование дискет,
+разделов DOS, NFS, UFS, лент и CDROM в качестве дистрибутивных носителей; дальнейшие
+инструкции по установке с каждого из этих носителей приведены ниже.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN239" name="AEN239">1.5.1. Установка с CDROM по сети</a></h4>
+
+<p>Если вы просто хотите установить систему с локального привода CDROM, прочтите <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">Разд. 1.4</a>. Если в вашей системе нет привода CDROM и вы
+хотите использовать CDROM на другой системе, к которой у вас есть подключение по сети,
+существует несколько способов чтобы сделать это:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Если у вас есть возможность установки FreeBSD через FTP непосредственно с CDROM на
+другом компьютере FreeBSD, это очень просто: убедитесь, что FTP сервер работает и
+добавьте следующую строку в файл паролей (используя <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>На компьютере, где вы производите установку, перейдите к меню Options и установите имя
+релиза в <var class="LITERAL">any</var>. Затем вы можете выбрать тип носителя <var
+class="LITERAL">FTP</var>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">machine</var></tt> после выбора ``URL'' в меню ftp сайтов.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Это позволит любому в локальной сети (или интернет) создавать
+``анонимные'' FTP соединения с этим компьютером, что может быть нежелательно.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Если вместо этого вы хотите использовать NFS для непосредственного экспорта
+содержимого CDROM на компьютер, с которого будет вестись установка, сначала потребуется
+добавить запись в файл <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (на компьютере, где
+находится привод CDROM). Пример ниже позволяет компьютеру <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> смонтировать CDROM во время установки непосредственно
+через NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>Конечно, компьютер с CDROM должен быть также настроен в качестве NFS сервера, и если
+вы не уверены как сделать это, NFS вероятно не лучший выбор для вас, пока вы не прочтете
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> и не
+настроите все правильно. Предполагая, что эта часть прошла нормально, вы должны ввести:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">cdrom-host</var>:/cdrom</tt> в качестве
+пути к NFS компьютеру, где находится дистрибутив, например <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN271" name="AEN271">1.5.2. Установка с дискет</a></h4>
+
+<p>Если вам необходимо выполнять установку с дискет, или из-за неподдерживаемого
+оборудования, или потому, что вам нравится делать все сложным способом, необходимо
+сначала подготовить дискеты.</p>
+
+<p>Сначала подготовьте дискеты, как описано в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Затем, внимательно прочтите <a href="#LAYOUT">Разд. 2</a> и обратите особое внимание
+на раздел ``Distribution Format'', поскольку он описывает файлы, которые необходимо
+поместить на дискеты и те, которые вы можете пропустить.</p>
+
+<p>Затем вам потребуется, как минимум, столько 1.44MB дискет, сколько необходимо для
+вмещения всех файлов из каталога <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+Если вы подготавливаете эти дискеты под DOS, они <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">должны</i></span> быть отформатированы с использованием команды MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. Если вы используете Windows, воспользуйтесь командой
+format из Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Зачастую диски поставляются уже отформатированными. Хотя это удобно,
+многие проблемы, о которых сообщали пользователи, стали причиной использования
+неправильно отформатированных носителей. Переформатируйте их самостоятельно, просто для
+уверенности.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Если вы создаете дискеты на другом компьютере с FreeBSD, форматирование все еще может
+потребоваться, хотя нет необходимости создавать файловую систему DOS на каждой дискете.
+Вы можете использовать команды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> для
+создания на дискетах файловой системы UFS, что проиллюстрировано в следующей
+последовательности команд:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>После форматирования дискет для DOS или UFS, вам потребуется скопировать на них файлы.
+Файлы дистрибутива разделены на части такого размера, чтобы на каждую дискету помещался
+один файл. Каждый дистрибутивный набор должен располагаться на дискете в своем
+собственном каталоге, т.е.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Файл <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> также необходимо поместить на
+первую дискету набора <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, поскольку он читается программой
+установки для определения количества дополнительных частей, которые необходимо объединить
+в дистрибутивный набор. При помещении дистрибутивных наборов на дискеты, файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">должен</i></span> помещаться на первую дискету каждого дистрибутивного
+набора.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Как только в программе установки появится экран Media, выберите ``Floppy'' и
+продолжайте установку.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN311" name="AEN311">1.5.3. Установка с раздела DOS</a></h4>
+
+<p>Для подготовке к установке с раздела MS-DOS вы должны просто скопировать файлы из
+дистрибутива в каталог <tt class="FILENAME">FREEBSD</tt> на основном разделе DOS (<tt
+class="DEVICENAME">C:</tt>). Например, для выполнения минимальной установки FreeBSD с
+раздела DOS, используя файлы, скопированные с CDROM, вы можете сделать примерно
+следующее:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">C:\&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">MD C:\FREEBSD</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">C:\&#62;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">XCOPY /S E:\BASE C:\FREEBSD\BASE</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Предполагается, что на <tt class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> смонтирован CD.</p>
+
+<p>Для всех дистрибутивных наборов, которые вы хотите установить с раздела DOS (и для
+которых у вас есть свободное место), выполните копирование в каталог <tt
+class="FILENAME">C:\FREEBSD</tt> -- минимально необходимый набор это <tt
+class="FILENAME">BIN</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Как только вы скопировали каталоги, просто запустите установку с дискет как обычно и
+выберите ``DOS'' в качестве носителя когда придет время.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN336" name="AEN336">1.5.4. Установка с QIC/SCSI ленты</a></h4>
+
+<p>При установке с ленты, программа установки предполагает, что файлы помещены на нее с
+помощью <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, поэтому
+после загрузки всех файлов дистрибутивных наборов, которые вам нужны, используйте <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> для помещения их на ленту с помощью примерно такой команды:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">/where/you/have/your/dists</var></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">dist1</var> .. <var class="REPLACEABLE">dist2</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>При установке вы также должны убедиться, что оставлено достаточно места во временном
+каталоге (который вам будет предложено выбрать) для помещения <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">полного</i></span> содержимого созданной ленты. В связи с невозможностью
+произвольного доступа к содержимого ленты, этот метод установки требует места во
+временном хранилище. Отведите столько места, сколько потребуется для распаковки
+дистрибутивных наборов, помещенных на ленту.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Для установки лента должна быть помещена в привод <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">до</i></span> загрузки с дискет. Иначе программа
+установки может не найти ее во время тестирования устройств.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Теперь создайте загрузочные дискеты, как описано в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a> и
+приступайте к установке.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. Установка по сети через FTP или
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>После создания загрузочных дискет, как описано в первом разделе, вы можете загрузить
+остальные файлы по сети, используя 3 типа соединения: последовательный порт, параллельный
+порт или Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN361" name="AEN361">1.5.5.1. Последовательный порт</a></h5>
+
+<p>Поддержка SLIP довольно примитивна, и ограничена в основном постоянными соединениями,
+такими как последовательный кабель между двумя компьютерами. Соединение должно быть
+постоянным, поскольку программа SLIP на данный момент не предоставляет возможности
+дозвона. Если вам требуется дозвон по модему или иной способ подготовки соединения перед
+его установкой, используйте PPP.</p>
+
+<p>При использовании PPP, убедитесь, что у вас есть IP адрес провайдера и сведения о DNS,
+так как они понадобятся на ранней стадии процесса установки. Вам также может
+потребоваться знать собственный IP адрес, поскольку PPP поддерживает динамическое
+согласование адресов и может получить эту информацию непосредственно от провайдера, если
+он предоставляет такую возможность.</p>
+
+<p>Вам также могут понадобиться сведения об использовании различных ``AT команд'' вашей
+модели модема, поскольку программа дозвона PPP предоставляет только очень простой
+эмулятор терминала.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN367" name="AEN367">1.5.5.2. Параллельный порт</a></h5>
+
+<p>Если доступно аппаратное подключение к другому компьютеру FreeBSD или Linux, вы можете
+также провести установку через параллельный ``laplink'' кабель. Скорость передачи данных
+через параллельный порт гораздо выше, чем это обычно возможно через последовательную
+линию (до 50к/сек), в результате установка проходит быстрее. Обычно не требуется
+использовать ``настоящий'' IP адрес при PPP соединении таким способом и вы можете
+использовать адреса RFC 1918 для концов соединения (например <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, и т.д.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Если вы используете компьютер с Linux, а не с FreeBSD в качестве
+удаленной стороны PLIP, потребуется также указать <var class="OPTION">link0</var> в окне
+настройки TCP/IP, поле ``extra options for ifconfig'', для обеспечения совместимости с
+несколько иначе реализованным PLIP протоколом Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN378" name="AEN378">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD поддерживает большинство широко распространенных карт Ethernet; таблица
+совместимых карт является частью информации об оборудовании (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> в меню Documentation на загрузочной дискете или в
+корневом каталоге CDROM). Если вы используете одну из поддерживаемых PCMCIA Ethernet
+карт, убедитесь также, что она подключена <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">до</i></span> включения лэптопа. К сожалению, FreeBSD не поддерживает
+определение PCMCIA карт ``на ходу'' во время установки.</p>
+
+<p>Вам также потребуется узнать ваш IP адрес в сети, сетевую маску для вашей подсети, и
+имя вашего компьютера. Ваш системный администратор может подсказать вам, какие значения
+подойдут для данной настройки. Если вы будете обращаться к другим хостам по имени вместо
+IP адреса, вам также потребуется сервер имен и возможно адрес шлюза (если вы используете
+PPP, это IP адрес вашего провайдера). Если вы хотите выполнить установку с FTP через HTTP
+прокси (см. ниже), потребуется также адрес прокси.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы не знаете ответа на эти вопросы, вам возможно лучше поговорить с системным
+администратором <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">перед</i></span> началом этого
+типа установки. Использование произвольно выбираемых IP адресов или сетевых маск в
+действующей сети почти наверняка не будет работать и возможно вам придется выслушать
+лекцию от рассерженного системного администратора.</p>
+
+<p>Как только вы настроили какой-либо тип сетевого подключения, установка может быть
+продолжена через NFS или FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN388" name="AEN388">1.5.5.4. Советы по установке через
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>Установка через NFS довольно проста: скопируйте необходимые файлы дистрибутива FreeBSD
+куда-либо на сервер и укажите на них при выборе NFS типа носителя.</p>
+
+<p>Если этот сервер поддерживает доступ только через ``привилегированные порты'' (обычно
+это режим по умолчанию для рабочих станций Sun и Linux), вам может потребоваться
+установить соответствующий параметр в меню Options перед началом установки.</p>
+
+<p>Если ваша Ethernet карта плохого качества и скорость передачи данных очень низка, вы
+возможно также захотите установить соответствующий флаг в Options.</p>
+
+<p>Для установки через NFS, сервер также должен поддерживать ``subdir mounts'', т.е. если
+каталог вашего дистрибутива FreeBSD находится в <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+должен позволять непосредственное монтирование <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, а не только <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> или <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>В файле FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> это поведение управляется
+параметром <var class="OPTION">-alldirs</var>. Другие сервера NFS могут иметь другие
+соглашения. Если вы получаете сообщения сервера <var class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</var>, скорее всего эта возможность не включена.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN405" name="AEN405">1.5.5.5. Советы по установке через
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP установка может быть выполнена с любого зеркалирующего сервера, содержащего свежую
+версию FreeBSD. Полный список, позволяющий выбрать зеркало почти для любого региона мира,
+появляется во время установки через FTP.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы выполняете установку с FTP сайта, не входящего в этот список, или существует
+проблема с настройкой сервера имен, вы можете также задать собственный URL путем выбора
+``URL'' в этом меню. URL может содержать имя хоста или IP адрес, так что при отсутствии
+сервера имен подойдет URL вроде этого:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>Существует три типа FTP установки, которые вы можете использовать:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: Этот метод использует стандартный ``активный'' режим передачи данных, в котором
+сервер устанавливает соединение с клиентом. Этот метод не будет работать через
+большинство брандмауэров, но зачастую лучше работает со старыми FTP серверами, которые не
+поддерживают пассивный режим. Если соединение обрывается в пассивном режиме, попробуйте
+этот режим.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: Устанавливает ``пассивный'' режим, который не позволяет серверу
+устанавливать соединение с клиентом. Этот параметр отлично подходит пользователям,
+находящимся за брандмауэрами, которые не разрешают входящих соединений по произвольным
+адресам портов.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP через HTTP прокси: Этот параметр указывает FreeBSD использовать HTTP для
+выполнения через прокси всех FTP операций. Прокси будет транслировать запросы и
+отправлять их серверу FTP. Это позволяет пользователю проходить через брандмауэры,
+которые вообще не разрешают использование FTP, но предоставляют HTTP прокси. Вы должны
+указать имя хоста прокси в дополнение к FTP серверу.</p>
+
+<p>В редких случаях, когда FTP прокси не работает через HTTP, вы можете указать URL
+примерно так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">port</var>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>В URL выше, <var class="REPLACEABLE">port</var> это номер порта FTP прокси
+сервера.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN427" name="AEN427">1.5.6. Советы для последовательной
+консоли</a></h4>
+
+<p>Если вы предпочитаете устанавливать FreeBSD на компьютер, использующий только
+последовательный порт (т.е. не имеющий VGA карты), следуйте данной инструкции:</p>
+
+<div class="PROCEDURE">
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>Подключите любой ANSI (vt100) совместимый терминал или программу эмуляции терминала к
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">COM1</tt> порту PC, на который вы устанавливаете FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Отключите клавиатуру (да, это правильно!) и попробуйте загрузиться с дискеты или
+дистрибутивного CDROM, в зависимости от типа имеющегося дистрибутивного носителя, с
+отключенной клавиатурой.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Если вы не видите ничего на последовательной консоли, подключите клавиатуру опять.
+Если вы загружаетесь с CDROM, выполните <a href="#HITSPACE">шаг 5</a> после получения
+сигналов.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>При загрузке с дискет, после остановки чтения с диска вставьте первый диск <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> и нажмите <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. После остановки
+чтения с диска вставьте следующий диск <tt class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> и нажмите <b
+class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>, и так далее для всех дисков <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt>. Когда загрузка завершится, вставьте опять <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> и нажмите <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li><a id="HITSPACE" name="HITSPACE"></a>
+<p>После звукового сигнала нажмите цифру <b class="KEYCAP">6</b>, затем введите</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot -h</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>и теперь информация должна выводиться в последовательный порт. Если это все еще не
+работает, проверьте последовательный кабель и настройки программы эмуляции терминала или
+терминального устройства. Они должны быть включены на 9600 кбит, 8 бит, без проверки
+четности.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN454" name="AEN454">1.6. Вопросы и ответы для пользователей
+i386</a></h3>
+
+<div class="QANDASET">
+<dl>
+<dt>1.6.1. <a href="#Q1.6.1.">Помогите! У меня нет места! Нужно ли сначала все
+удалить?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.2. <a href="#Q1.6.2.">Могу я использовать сжатые файловые системы DOS из
+FreeBSD?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.3. <a href="#Q1.6.3.">Могу ли я смонтировать расширенные разделы DOS?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.4. <a href="#Q1.6.4.">Могу ли я запускать исполняемые файлы DOS в
+FreeBSD?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.5. <a href="#Q1.6.5.">Могу ли я запускать в FreeBSD приложения <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R)?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.6. <a href="#Q1.6.6.">Могу ли я запускать в FreeBSD другие операционные
+системы?</a></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.1." name="Q1.6.1."></a><b>1.6.1.</b> Помогите! У меня нет места! Нужно ли
+сначала все удалить?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Если на вашем компьютере уже установлена DOS и для установки FreeBSD нет или
+недостаточно места, еще не все потеряно! Вам может помочь утилита <b
+class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b>, находящаяся в каталоге <tt class="FILENAME">tools/</tt>
+FreeBSD CDROM или на различных ftp сайтах FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> позволяет вам разделить существующее пространство DOS
+на две части, сохраняя имеющиеся данные и делая возможной установку на вторую свободную
+часть. Сначала необходимо выполнить дефрагментацию раздела DOS, используя утилиту <tt
+class="FILENAME">DEFRAG</tt> из DOS 6.xx или <b class="APPLICATION">Norton Disk
+Tools</b>, затем запустите FIPS. Он запросит всю необходимую информацию. Затем вы можете
+перегрузиться и установить FreeBSD в новый раздел. Учтите также, что FIPS создаст второй
+раздел как ``клон'' первого, получатся два основных раздела DOS. Не волнуйтесь! Вы можете
+просто удалить второй первичный раздел DOS (убедившись, что это именно тот раздел,
+проверив его размер).</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> в настоящее время НЕ работает с разделами NTFS. Для
+работы с такими разделами вам потребуется коммерческий продукт, такой как <b
+class="APPLICATION">Partition Magic</b>. Это становится проблемой только в том случае,
+если раздел Windows занимает весь диск и вы не хотите выполнять установку с нуля.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> не работает с расширенными разделами DOS.
+Поддерживаются основные разделы Windows 95/98/ME FAT32.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.2." name="Q1.6.2."></a><b>1.6.2.</b> Могу я использовать сжатые файловые
+системы DOS из FreeBSD?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Нет. Если вы используете такую утилиту как <b
+class="APPLICATION">Stacker</b>(tm) или <b class="APPLICATION">DoubleSpace</b>(tm),
+FreeBSD сможет использовать только ту часть файловой системы, которую вы оставили
+несжатой. Остальная часть файловой системы будет показана в виде одного большого файла
+(файл stacked/dblspaced!). <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Не удаляйте этот
+файл</i></span>!</p>
+
+<p>Возможно лучше создать другой несжатый расширенный DOS раздел и использовать его для
+передачи файлов между DOS и FreeBSD, если это требуется.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.3." name="Q1.6.3."></a><b>1.6.3.</b> Могу ли я смонтировать расширенные
+разделы DOS?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Да. Расширенные разделы DOS именуются после других ``слайсов'' FreeBSD, т.е.
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">D:</tt> может стать <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s5</tt>, <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> -- <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s6</tt> и т.д. В этом примере
+предполагается, что расширенный раздел находится на диске SCSI 0. Для дисков IDE замените
+<var class="LITERAL">da</var> на <var class="LITERAL">ad</var> соответственно. Иными
+словами, расширенные разделы монтируются так же, как и любые другие DOS диски, т.е.:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">mount -t msdos /dev/da0s5 /dos_d</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.4." name="Q1.6.4."></a><b>1.6.4.</b> Могу ли я запускать исполняемые файлы
+DOS в FreeBSD?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Хотя еще имеются некоторые острые углы, во многих случаях может подойти утилита
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=doscmd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">doscmd</span>(1)</span></a>,
+работа над которой продолжается. Порт/пакет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> можно найти в коллекции портов FreeBSD. Если
+вы заинтересованы в работе над этой утилитой, отправьте письмо в <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-emulation" target="_top">Список
+рассылки, посвящённый эмуляции во FreeBSD</a> и укажите, что вы заинтересованы в этой
+продолжающейся работе!</p>
+
+<p>Порт/пакет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/pcemu/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/pcemu</tt></a> в коллекции портов FreeBSD эмулирует 8088 и
+BIOS сервисы для запуска текстовых приложений DOS. Для работы ему требуется X Window
+System (XFree86).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.5." name="Q1.6.5."></a><b>1.6.5.</b> Могу ли я запускать в FreeBSD
+приложения <span class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R)?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Существуют несколько портов/пакетов в коллекции портов FreeBSD, которые могут
+сделать возможным использование многих приложений <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>.
+Порт/пакет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/wine/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/wine</tt></a> предоставляет уровень совместимости над FreeBSD,
+который позволяет многим <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> приложениям работать в X
+Windows (XFree86).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.6." name="Q1.6.6."></a><b>1.6.6.</b> Могу ли я запускать в FreeBSD другие
+операционные системы?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>В коллекции портов находятся несколько портов/пакетов, которые имитируют
+``виртуальные машины'' и позволяют другим операционным системам работать поверх FreeBSD.
+Порт/пакет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/bochs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/bochs</tt></a> позволяет <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span> <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>, Linux и
+даже другим копиям FreeBSD работать внутри окна рабочего стола FreeBSD. Порты/пакеты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/vmware2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/vmware2</tt></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/vmware3/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/vmware3</tt></a> позволяют запускать в FreeBSD коммерческие
+виртуальные машины VMware.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. Содержимое дистрибутива</a></h2>
+
+<p>Типичный каталог дистрибутива FreeBSD выглядит примерно так (детали могут отличаться в
+зависимости от версии, архитектуры, и других факторов):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>Если вы хотите выполнить CDROM, FTP или NFS установку из этого каталога, все, что
+потребуется, это сделать 1.44MB загрузочные дискеты (см. <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд.
+1.3</a>), загрузиться с них и следовать инструкциям. Остальные файлы, необходимые для
+установки, будут получены автоматически на основе вашего выбора. Если вы никогда раньше
+не устанавливали FreeBSD, потребуется также полностью прочитать этот документ (файл
+инструкций по установке).</p>
+
+<p>Если вы хотите выполнить установку другого типа, или хотите узнать больше об
+организации дистрибутива, вам поможет нижеследующая более детальная информация:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>Файлы <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> содержат
+документацию (например, этот документ находится в <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> и
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), их необходимо прочесть перед началом установки.
+Файлы <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> это простой текст, а файлы <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> это HTML файлы, которые могут быть просмотрены практически
+любым веб браузером. Некоторые дистрибутивы могут также содержать документацию в других
+форматах, таких как PDF или PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> это файл Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+используемый некоторыми веб браузерами для форматирования HTML документации.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, и <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> содержат основные
+компоненты дистрибутива FreeBSD и разделены на небольшие файлы, которые могут поместиться
+на дискеты (если это потребуется).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, и <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> содержат
+дистрибутивные наборы совместимости со старыми релизами и находятся в одиночных
+упакованных gzip tar файлах -- они могут быть установлены во время установки релиза или
+позже путем запуска соответствующих скриптов <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>В каталоге <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> находятся образы загрузочных дискет;
+дальнейшая информация по их использованию дана в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> содержат
+коллекцию пакетов и портов FreeBSD. Пакеты могут быть установлены из каталога <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> следующей командой:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Пакеты также могут быть установлены путем задания отдельных имен пакетов в каталоге
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ команде <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Коллекция портов может быть установлена как любой другой дистрибутивный набор и
+требует около 190MB места. Дальнейшая информация по коллекции портов может быть получена
+с <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> или локально из <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> если вы установили дистрибутивный набор <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Наконец, каталог <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> содержит различные утилиты DOS для
+определения геометрии диска, установки загрузочных менеджеров и т.п. Эти утилиты
+опциональны и предоставляются только для удобства пользователей.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Типичный дистрибутивный каталог (например, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) изнутри
+выглядит примерно так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> содержит контрольные суммы MD5 для каждого
+файла, которые помогают определить не поврежден ли файл. Он не используется программой
+установки и его не требуется копировать вместе с остальными файлами набора. Файлы <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> это части упакованного gzip tar файла, содержимое которого
+может быть просмотрено так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Во время установки эти части автоматически объединяются и извлекаются программой
+установки.</p>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> также необходим, поскольку он читается
+программой установки для определения числа частей, которые необходимо объединить в
+дистрибутивный набор. При помещении дистрибутивных наборов на дискеты, файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">должен</i></span>
+быть помещен на первую дискету каждого дистрибутивного набора!</p>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> это еще один не-необходимый файл,
+предоставляемый для информации. Он содержит контрольные суммы MD5 для <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">распакованных</i></span> дистрибутивных файлов и в
+дальнейшем может использоваться программой <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> для
+проверки возможного изменения файлов. Использование этого файла из набора <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> это хороший способ обнаружения троянских атак на вашу
+систему.</p>
+
+<p>Наконец, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> предназначен для тех, кто хочет
+установить дистрибутивный набор после установки системы. Например, для установки набора
+info с CDROM после установки системы, вы можете выполнить:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. Обновление FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Эта инструкция описывает процедуру бинарного обновления с предыдущих версий
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Хотя процедура обновления FreeBSD предпринимает все меры для
+предотвращения потери данных, все еще более чем возможно <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">потерять все содержимое жесткого диска</i></span> во время обновления!
+Пожалуйста, не подтверждайте установку без наличия резервной копии всех важных
+файлов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Здесь предполагается, что вы используете <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+поставляемую с той версией FreeBSD, до которой вы хотите обновиться. Использование другой
+версии <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+это почти гарантия возникновения проблем, система будет приведена в неработоспособное
+состояние. Наиболее часто совершаемая в этом случае ошибка -- это использование старой
+копии <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> из
+существующей системы для обновления FreeBSD до новой версии. Это <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">не</i></span> рекомендуется.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Бинарное обновление до FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE с FreeBSD 4-STABLE на
+данный момент не поддерживается. В FreeBSD 4-STABLE есть несколько файлов, наличие
+которых может быть разрушительно, но они не удаляются бинарным обновлением. Один
+известный пример это старый каталог <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, наличие
+которого приводит неправильной компиляции C++ программ (или они не компилируются
+вообще).</p>
+
+<p>Эти инструкции по обновлению предоставляются для пользователей, обновляющихся с
+относительно свежих FreeBSD 5-STABLE снэпшотов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN678" name="AEN678">3.1. Введение</a></h3>
+
+<p>Процедура обновления заменяет выбранные пользователем дистрибутивные наборы на наборы
+из нового релиза FreeBSD. Она сохраняет файлы настройки системы, как и данные
+пользователя, установленные пакеты и другое программное обеспечение.</p>
+
+<p>Администраторам, выполняющим обновление, предлагается изучить этот раздел полностью
+перед началом обновления.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN682" name="AEN682">3.1.1. Обзор обновления</a></h4>
+
+<p>Обновление дистрибутива производится путем извлечения новой версии компонентов поверх
+предыдущей версии. Файлы, принадлежащие старому дистрибутиву, не удаляются.</p>
+
+<p>Настройки системы сохраняются путем сохранения и восстановления предыдущей версии
+следующих файлов:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>Версии этих файлов, соответствующие новой версии системы, перемещаются в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. Системный администратор может объединить эти версии
+если требуется. Обратите внимание, что многие из этих файлов взаимно зависимы, и лучшая
+процедура объединения -- это копирование специфичных данных из старых версий файлов в
+новые.</p>
+
+<p>Во время процедуры обновления у администратора запрашивается место для сохранения
+файлов из <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. Если в используемые файлы будут внесены
+изменения, они могут быть последовательно восстановлены из этого каталога.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN756" name="AEN756">3.2. Процедура</a></h3>
+
+<p>Этот раздел описывает детали процедуры обновления. Особое внимание уделено моментам,
+которые существенно отличаются от обычной установки.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN759" name="AEN759">3.2.1. Резервное копирование</a></h4>
+
+<p>Данные пользователей и настройки системы должны быть сохранены перед обновлением. Хотя
+процедура обновления делает все для предотвращения случайных ошибок, возможно частичное
+или полное уничтожение данных и настроечной информации.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN762" name="AEN762">3.2.2. Монтирование файловых
+систем</a></h4>
+
+<p>Запускается редактор дисковых разделов со списком устройств имеющихся файловых систем.
+Перед началом обновления администратор должен обратить внимание имена устройств и
+соответствующие точки монтирования. Эти точки монтирования должны быть введены здесь.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Не</i></span> устанавливайте ``newfs flag''
+для файловых систем, поскольку это приведет к потере данных.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN767" name="AEN767">3.2.3. Выбор дистрибутивных
+наборов</a></h4>
+
+<p>На выбор дистрибутивных наборов не накладывается ограничений. Общее правило состоит в
+том, что для обновления должен быть выбран дистрибутивный набор <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>, и <var class="LITERAL">man</var> если страницы справочника
+уже установлены. Другие дистрибутивные наборы могут быть позже, если администратор
+захочет добавить дополнительные возможности.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. После установки</a></h4>
+
+<p>После завершения процедуры установки администратору предлагается проверить новые файлы
+настройки. В этот момент должна быть выполнена проверка правильности настроек системы. В
+частности, необходимо проверить файлы <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN777" name="AEN777">3.3. Обновление из исходных
+текстов</a></h3>
+
+<p>Для тех, кто интересуется более гибким и ``интеллектуальным'' методом обновления,
+существует глава Руководства FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">На переднем крае разработок</a>. Эта процедура относится к пересборке
+FreeBSD из исходных текстов. Она требует хорошего сетевого подключения, свободного места
+на диске и времени, но имеет преимущества при сетевых и других более сложных установках.
+Это та же процедура, что используется для отслеживания ветвей разработки -STABLE или
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> содержит важную информацию по обновлению
+системы FreeBSD из исходных текстов. В нем отражены различные вопросы, относящиеся к
+изменениям в FreeBSD, которые могут повлиять на обновление.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. Решение проблем</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. Восстановление существующей
+установки FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD предоставляет опцию ``Fixit'' в верхнем меню загрузочной дискеты. Для ее
+использования вам потребуется или дискета с <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+созданная тем же способом, что и загрузочная дискета, или ``live filesystem'' CDROM;
+обычно это второй CDROM в многодисковом дистрибутиве FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Для запуска fixit загрузите дискету <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>, выберите
+``Fixit'' из меню и вставьте fixit дискету или CDROM после приглашения. Появится оболочка
+с множеством команд (в каталогах <tt class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>) для проверки, восстановления и просмотра файловых
+систем и их содержимого. Для использования этой возможности <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">требуется</i></span> некоторый опыт администрирования UNIX.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN798" name="AEN798">4.2. Проблемы, с которыми наиболее часто
+сталкиваются пользователи архитектуры i386</a></h3>
+
+<div class="QANDASET">
+<dl>
+<dt>4.2.1. <a href="#Q4.2.1.">Моя система подвисает при тестировании оборудования, или
+странно ведет себя во время загрузки, или дисковод не тестируется.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.2. <a href="#Q4.2.2.">ISA устройство, определявшееся в предыдущих версиях
+FreeBSD, теперь не определяется. Что случилось?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.3. <a href="#Q4.2.3.">После установки FreeBSD я первый раз загружаюсь с жесткого
+диска, ядро загружается и тестирует устройства, но останавливается с сообщением
+вида:</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.4. <a href="#Q4.2.4.">Я начинаю первую загрузку с жесткого диска после установки
+FreeBSD, но Boot Manager отображает в меню загрузки только <var class="LITERAL">F?</var>
+и загрузка останавливается.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.5. <a href="#Q4.2.5.">Драйвер <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mcd</span>(4)</span> считает, что нашел устройство и мешает работе
+карты Intel EtherExpress.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.6. <a href="#Q4.2.6.">Система находит карту <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span> но я продолжаю получать ошибки device
+timeout.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.7. <a href="#Q4.2.7.">Я загрузил с установочной дискеты лэптоп IBM ThinkPad (tm)
+и клавиатура работает неправильно.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.8. <a href="#Q4.2.8.">Моя система не может найти карту Intel EtherExpress
+16.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.9. <a href="#Q4.2.9.">При установке на EISA HP Netserver, встроенный SCSI
+контроллер AIC-7xxx не обнаруживается.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.10. <a href="#Q4.2.10.">У меня компьютер Panasonic AL-N1 или Rios Chandler
+Pentium и система подвисает не начав установку.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.11. <a href="#Q4.2.11.">У меня есть CMD640 IDE контроллер и он не
+работает.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.12. <a href="#Q4.2.12.">При установке с дискет на ноутбуке Compaq Aero, я получаю
+сообщение ``No floppy devices found! Please check ...''.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.13. <a href="#Q4.2.13.">При установке на Dell Poweredge XE, RAID контроллер Dell
+DSA (Dell SCSI Array) не распознается.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.14. <a href="#Q4.2.14.">У меня есть IBM EtherJet PCI карта, она корректно
+определяется драйвером <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span>, но индикаторы на карте не зажигаются и
+подключения к сети нет.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.15. <a href="#Q4.2.15.">Когда я настраиваю сеть во время установки на IBM
+Netfinity 3500, система подвисает.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.16. <a href="#Q4.2.16.">Когда я устанавливаю систему на диск, управляемый Mylex
+PCI RAID контроллером, система не может загрузиться (например, с сообщением <var
+class="LITERAL">read error</var>).</a></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.1." name="Q4.2.1."></a><b>4.2.1.</b> Моя система подвисает при
+тестировании оборудования, или странно ведет себя во время загрузки, или дисковод не
+тестируется.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>FreeBSD 5.0 и выше использует системный сервис ACPI платформы i386 для
+получения системной конфигурации, если этот сервис обнаружен во время загрузки. К
+сожалению, в драйвере ACPI, материнских платах и BIOS все еще присутствуют некоторые
+ошибки. Использование ACPI может быть выключено установкой переменной
+``hint.acpi.0.disabled'' на третьей стадии загрузки:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+set hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"
+</pre>
+
+<p>Эта переменная сбрасывается во время загрузки, поэтому необходимо добавить <var
+class="LITERAL">hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</var> в файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt>. Дальнейшая информация по загрузчику находится в
+Руководстве FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.2." name="Q4.2.2."></a><b>4.2.2.</b> ISA устройство, определявшееся в
+предыдущих версиях FreeBSD, теперь не определяется. Что случилось?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Некоторые драйвера устройств, такие как matcd, были удалены вследствие
+недостатка поддержки или по другим причинам. Другие все еще присутствуют, но отключены,
+поскольку вызывают проблемы при тестировании устройств. Следующие драйвера ISA устройств
+попадают в эту категорию и могут быть вновь включены на третьей стадии загрузки: aha,
+ahv, aic, bt, ed, cs, sn, ie, fe, le, и lnc. Для их включения остановите загрузчик во
+время 10-ти секундного отсчета и введите в приглашение:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+unset hint.foo.0.disabled
+</pre>
+
+<p>где <var class="REPLACEABLE">foo</var> это имя драйвера, который требуется включить.
+Эта переменная может быть выключена постоянно путем редактирования файла <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> и удаления соответствующей записи
+``disabled''.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.3." name="Q4.2.3."></a><b>4.2.3.</b> После установки FreeBSD я первый раз
+загружаюсь с жесткого диска, ядро загружается и тестирует устройства, но останавливается
+с сообщением вида:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+changing root device to ad1s1a panic: cannot mount root
+</pre>
+
+<p>Что не так? Что я могу сделать?</p>
+
+<p>Что за строка <var
+class="LITERAL">bios_drive:interface(unit,partition)kernel_name</var>, появляющаяся в
+boot help?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Это давно существующая проблема, возникающая если загрузочный диск не является
+первым диском системы. BIOS использует схему нумерации дисков, отличающуюся от нумерации
+в FreeBSD, и правильное сопоставление этих номеров -- сложная задача.</p>
+
+<p>В случае, когда загрузочный диск это не первый диск системы, FreeBSD требуется
+некоторая помощь чтобы найти его. Существует две распространенных ситуации, и в обеих вам
+потребуется сообщить FreeBSD где находится корневая файловая система. Сделайте это,
+указав номер диска в BIOS, тип диска и номер диска этого типа в FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>В первой ситуации имеются два IDE диска, каждый настроен как основной на своей шине
+IDE, и загружать FreeBSD нужно со второго диска. BIOS видит их как диск 0 и диск 1, а
+FreeBSD видит их как <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad0</tt> <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad2</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD находится на диске 1 по нумерации BIOS, тип <var class="LITERAL">ad</var> и
+FreeBSD нумерация диска 2, наберите:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">1:ad(2,a)kernel</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что если на первой шине есть вторичный диск, вышеприведенный пример
+не нужен (и неверен).</p>
+
+<p>Вторая ситуация относится к загрузке со SCSI диска, когда в системе имеются один или
+более IDE дисков. В этом случае номер диска в FreeBSD меньше, чем номер диска в BIOS.
+Если у вас есть два IDE диска и SCSI диск, в BIOS диск SCSI будет под номером два;
+наберите <var class="LITERAL">da</var> и FreeBSD номер диска 0, т.е.:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">2:da(0,a)kernel</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>чтобы сообщить FreeBSD, что вы хотите загружаться с диска BIOS номер 2, являющимся
+первым SCSI диском системы. если у вас только один IDE диск, используйте вместо этого
+``1:''.</p>
+
+<p>Как только вы определили значения, которые необходимо использовать, поместите эти
+команды точно так же, как они набирались, в файл <tt class="FILENAME">/boot.config</tt>,
+используя стандартный текстовый редактор. Если не будет других указаний, FreeBSD
+использует содержимое этого файла в качестве ответа по умолчанию на приглашение <var
+class="LITERAL">boot:</var>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.4." name="Q4.2.4."></a><b>4.2.4.</b> Я начинаю первую загрузку с жесткого
+диска после установки FreeBSD, но Boot Manager отображает в меню загрузки только <var
+class="LITERAL">F?</var> и загрузка останавливается.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>При установке FreeBSD геометрия жесткого диска в Partition editor была выбрана
+неправильно. Вернитесь в Partition editor и укажите правильную геометрию жесткого диска.
+Вы должны переустановить FreeBSD еще раз после указания правильной геометрии.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы не можете определить правильную геометрию, вот подсказка: создайте небольшой
+раздел DOS в начале диска и установите FreeBSD после него. Программа установки увидит
+раздел DOS и попробует определить правильную геометрию из него, обычно это работает.</p>
+
+<p>Следующий способ более не рекомендуется, но оставлен для информации:</p>
+
+<a id="AEN856" name="AEN856"></a>
+<blockquote class="BLOCKQUOTE">
+<p>Если вы настраиваете выделенный сервер FreeBSD или рабочую станцию, на которой вам (в
+будущем) не понадобится совместимость с DOS, Linux или другой операционной системой, вы
+можете также использовать параметр использования всего диска (``A'' в редакторе
+разделов), это нестандартный параметр, когда FreeBSD занимает весь диск, от самого
+первого до самого последнего сектора. Все соглашения о геометрии не будут действовать, но
+использование этого метода ограничено, поскольку с этим диском не сможет работать ни одна
+другая операционная система.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.5." name="Q4.2.5."></a><b>4.2.5.</b> Драйвер <span
+class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mcd</span>(4)</span> считает, что нашел
+устройство и мешает работе карты Intel EtherExpress.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Установите переменные ``hint.mcd.0.disabled="1"'' и ``hint.mcd.1.disabled="1"''
+на третьей стадии загрузчика для отмены тестирования устройств <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">mcd0</tt> и <tt class="DEVICENAME">mcd1</tt>. Вообще говоря, вы должны
+оставить включенными только те устройства, которые вы будете использовать.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.6." name="Q4.2.6."></a><b>4.2.6.</b> Система находит карту <span
+class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span> но я продолжаю
+получать ошибки device timeout.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Возможно, карта находится не на том IRQ, которое указано в файле <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt>. Драйвер ed по умолчанию не использует
+``программную'' конфигурацию (значения, вводимые с помощью EZSETUP в DOS), но он будет
+использовать программную настройку, если вы укажете <var class="LITERAL">-1</var> в
+хинтах интерфейса.</p>
+
+<p>Или переместите перемычку на карте для жесткого задания настроек (изменив настройки
+ядра если потребуется), или задайте IRQ <var class="LITERAL">-1</var> путем установки
+``hint.ed.0.irq="-1"''. Это укажет ядру использовать программную конфигурацию.</p>
+
+<p>Возможно, ваша карта находится на IRQ 9, которое совместно используется с IRQ 2, что
+часто вызывает проблемы (особенно если ваша VGA карта использует IRQ 2!). Вы не должны
+использовать IRQ 2 или 9 если это возможно.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.7." name="Q4.2.7."></a><b>4.2.7.</b> Я загрузил с установочной дискеты
+лэптоп IBM ThinkPad (tm) и клавиатура работает неправильно.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Старые лэптопы IBM используют нестандартный контроллер клавиатуры, поэтому вы
+должны сообщить драйверу клавиатуры (atkbd0) перейти в специальный режим, работающий на
+ThinkPad. Установите хинт ``hint.atkbd.0.flags="4"'' и все должно заработать отлично.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.8." name="Q4.2.8."></a><b>4.2.8.</b> Моя система не может найти карту
+Intel EtherExpress 16.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Вы должны настроить карту Intel EtherExpress 16 на отображение в памяти с
+адреса 0xD0000, и установить объем отображаемой памяти в 32K используя поставляемую Intel
+программу <tt class="FILENAME">softset.exe</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.9." name="Q4.2.9."></a><b>4.2.9.</b> При установке на EISA HP Netserver,
+встроенный SCSI контроллер AIC-7xxx не обнаруживается.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Это известная проблема, она вероятно будет исправлена в будущем. Для того,
+чтобы вообще установить систему, установите хинт ``hw.eisa_slots="12"'' на третьей стадии
+загрузчика.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.10." name="Q4.2.10."></a><b>4.2.10.</b> У меня компьютер Panasonic AL-N1
+или Rios Chandler Pentium и система подвисает не начав установку.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Ваш компьютер не понимает новый код <var class="LITERAL">i586_copyout</var> и
+<var class="LITERAL">i586_copyin</var>. Установите хинт ``hint.npx.0.flags="1"''.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.11." name="Q4.2.11."></a><b>4.2.11.</b> У меня есть CMD640 IDE контроллер
+и он не работает.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>FreeBSD не поддерживает этот контроллер.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.12." name="Q4.2.12."></a><b>4.2.12.</b> При установке с дискет на ноутбуке
+Compaq Aero, я получаю сообщение ``No floppy devices found! Please check ...''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Compaq немного отличаются от других систем, они не анонсируют гибкий диск в
+CMOS RAM ноутбука Aero. Следовательно, драйвер дисковода считает, что нет подключенных
+дисководов. Установите хинт ``hint.fdc.0.flags="1"''. Это значение сообщает драйверу о
+наличии первого дисковода (как 1.44 MB диск) без запроса к CMOS.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.13." name="Q4.2.13."></a><b>4.2.13.</b> При установке на Dell Poweredge
+XE, RAID контроллер Dell DSA (Dell SCSI Array) не распознается.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Настройте DSA для использования AHA-1540 эмуляции через утилиту настройки EISA.
+После этого FreeBSD обнаружит DSA как Adaptec AHA-1540 SCSI контроллер с irq 11 и портом
+340. В режиме эмуляции система будет использовать DSA RAID диски, но вы не сможете
+использовать характерные возможности DSA, например наблюдение за состоянием RAID.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.14." name="Q4.2.14."></a><b>4.2.14.</b> У меня есть IBM EtherJet PCI
+карта, она корректно определяется драйвером <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span>, но индикаторы на карте не зажигаются и
+подключения к сети нет.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Мы не знаем почему это случается. IBM тоже не знает (мы спрашивали их). Эта
+карта -- стандартная Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 с наклейкой IBM, и эти карты обычно
+нормально работают. Вы можете увидеть такие симптомы только в некоторых IBM Netfinity
+серверах. Единственным решением является установка другого Ethernet адаптера.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.15." name="Q4.2.15."></a><b>4.2.15.</b> Когда я настраиваю сеть во время
+установки на IBM Netfinity 3500, система подвисает.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Это проблема с встроенным Ethernet в Netfinity 3500, которую мы не можем решить
+на данный момент. Она может относиться к неправильной настройке SMP в этой системе. Вам
+потребуется установить другой Ethernet адаптер и предотвратить любые попытки настройки
+встроенного адаптера.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.16." name="Q4.2.16."></a><b>4.2.16.</b> Когда я устанавливаю систему на
+диск, управляемый Mylex PCI RAID контроллером, система не может загрузиться (например, с
+сообщением <var class="LITERAL">read error</var>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Это ошибка в драйвере Mylex, которая приводит к игнорированию установки в BIOS
+режима геометрии ``8GB''. Используйте режим 2GB.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-ia64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-ia64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c087ad7e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-ia64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,860 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Инструкции по установке FreeBSD/ia64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Инструкции по установке FreeBSD/ia64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>Эта статья дает краткие инструкции по установке FreeBSD/ia64 5.3-RELEASE, особое
+внимание уделено получению дистрибутива FreeBSD. Представлены также отдельные заметки по
+решению проблем и часто задаваемые вопросы.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. Установка FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Этот раздел описывает процесс установки новой системы FreeBSD. Особое внимание уделено
+получению дистрибутива FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE и началу процедуры установки. Глава <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``Установка FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">Руководства
+FreeBSD</a> предоставляет более подробную информацию о самой программе установке, включая
+пошаговую инструкцию по установке с иллюстрациями.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы обновляете предыдущий релиз FreeBSD, ознакомьтесь с <a href="#UPGRADING">Разд.
+3</a>, где находятся инструкции по обновлению.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. Перед
+установкой</a></h3>
+
+<p>Возможно наиболее важным действием, которое должно быть выполнено перед установкой,
+является чтение различных инструкций, поставляемых с FreeBSD. Обзор документов,
+поставляемых с этим релизом FreeBSD, можно найти в <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+который обычно находится там же, где и этот файл; большинство таких документов
+(информация о релизе, список совместимого оборудования) доступны также из меню
+Documentation программы установки.</p>
+
+<p>Он-лайн версии FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> и <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> доступны также с <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">веб сайта Проекта FreeBSD</a>, если у вас есть подключение к интернет.</p>
+
+<p>Этот набор документов может показаться сложным, но время, потраченное на их чтение,
+окупится многократно. Ознакомление с доступными ресурсами также может помочь в случае
+проблем при установке.</p>
+
+<p>Даже правильные действия иногда приводят к неудаче, так что если вы столкнулись с
+проблемами, обратитесь к <a href="#TROUBLE">Разд. 4</a>, где находится информация по
+решению проблем. Вам также понадобится прочесть свежую копию файла <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> перед установкой, он предупредит вас о проблемах,
+которые были обнаружены за время существования данного релиза.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Хотя FreeBSD уделяет основное внимание предотвращению потери данных, все
+же более чем возможна <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">потеря всех данных на
+диске</i></span> при ошибке во время установки. Не переходите к последнему меню установки
+FreeBSD до тех пор, пока не было выполнено резервное копирование важных данных.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. Требования к аппаратному
+обеспечению</a></h3>
+
+<p>Если вы не знакомы с настройкой оборудования для FreeBSD, обязательно прочтите файл
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; в нем содержится важная информация по
+оборудованию, поддерживаемому FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. Инструкции по созданию
+дискет</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. Установка
+FreeBSD с CDROM или через интернет</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN200" name="AEN200">1.5. Детальная информация по различным
+типам установки</a></h3>
+
+<p>Как только появится первый экран программы установки, вы сможете следовать различным
+меню этой программы. Если вы никогда раньше не использовали программу установки FreeBSD,
+вы можете также прочесть некоторую документацию из подменю Documentation, как и общие
+инструкции ``Usage'' из первого меню.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Если вы встретились с затруднениями, нажмите клавишу <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> для вызова онлайн документации, относящейся к этому разделу.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Если вы никогда раньше не устанавливали FreeBSD, или даже если устанавливали,
+рекомендуемым способом установки является ``Standard'', поскольку он гарантирует
+выполнение всех наиболее важных пунктов установки. Если вы хорошо знакомы с процессом
+установки FreeBSD и <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">точно</i></span> знаете,
+что нужно делать, используйте установку ``Express'' или ``Custom''. Если вы обновляете
+существующую систему, используйте параметр ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>Программа установки FreeBSD поддерживает непосредственное использование дискет,
+разделов DOS, NFS, UFS, лент и CDROM в качестве дистрибутивных носителей; дальнейшие
+инструкции по установке с каждого из этих носителей приведены ниже.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN239" name="AEN239">1.5.1. Установка с CDROM по сети</a></h4>
+
+<p>Если вы просто хотите установить систему с локального привода CDROM, прочтите <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">Разд. 1.4</a>. Если в вашей системе нет привода CDROM и вы
+хотите использовать CDROM на другой системе, к которой у вас есть подключение по сети,
+существует несколько способов чтобы сделать это:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Если у вас есть возможность установки FreeBSD через FTP непосредственно с CDROM на
+другом компьютере FreeBSD, это очень просто: убедитесь, что FTP сервер работает и
+добавьте следующую строку в файл паролей (используя <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>На компьютере, где вы производите установку, перейдите к меню Options и установите имя
+релиза в <var class="LITERAL">any</var>. Затем вы можете выбрать тип носителя <var
+class="LITERAL">FTP</var>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">machine</var></tt> после выбора ``URL'' в меню ftp сайтов.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Это позволит любому в локальной сети (или интернет) создавать
+``анонимные'' FTP соединения с этим компьютером, что может быть нежелательно.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Если вместо этого вы хотите использовать NFS для непосредственного экспорта
+содержимого CDROM на компьютер, с которого будет вестись установка, сначала потребуется
+добавить запись в файл <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (на компьютере, где
+находится привод CDROM). Пример ниже позволяет компьютеру <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> смонтировать CDROM во время установки непосредственно
+через NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>Конечно, компьютер с CDROM должен быть также настроен в качестве NFS сервера, и если
+вы не уверены как сделать это, NFS вероятно не лучший выбор для вас, пока вы не прочтете
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> и не
+настроите все правильно. Предполагая, что эта часть прошла нормально, вы должны ввести:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">cdrom-host</var>:/cdrom</tt> в качестве
+пути к NFS компьютеру, где находится дистрибутив, например <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN271" name="AEN271">1.5.2. Установка с дискет</a></h4>
+
+<p>Если вам необходимо выполнять установку с дискет, или из-за неподдерживаемого
+оборудования, или потому, что вам нравится делать все сложным способом, необходимо
+сначала подготовить дискеты.</p>
+
+<p>Сначала подготовьте дискеты, как описано в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Затем, внимательно прочтите <a href="#LAYOUT">Разд. 2</a> и обратите особое внимание
+на раздел ``Distribution Format'', поскольку он описывает файлы, которые необходимо
+поместить на дискеты и те, которые вы можете пропустить.</p>
+
+<p>Затем вам потребуется, как минимум, столько 1.44MB дискет, сколько необходимо для
+вмещения всех файлов из каталога <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+Если вы подготавливаете эти дискеты под DOS, они <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">должны</i></span> быть отформатированы с использованием команды MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. Если вы используете Windows, воспользуйтесь командой
+format из Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Зачастую диски поставляются уже отформатированными. Хотя это удобно,
+многие проблемы, о которых сообщали пользователи, стали причиной использования
+неправильно отформатированных носителей. Переформатируйте их самостоятельно, просто для
+уверенности.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Если вы создаете дискеты на другом компьютере с FreeBSD, форматирование все еще может
+потребоваться, хотя нет необходимости создавать файловую систему DOS на каждой дискете.
+Вы можете использовать команды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> для
+создания на дискетах файловой системы UFS, что проиллюстрировано в следующей
+последовательности команд:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>После форматирования дискет для DOS или UFS, вам потребуется скопировать на них файлы.
+Файлы дистрибутива разделены на части такого размера, чтобы на каждую дискету помещался
+один файл. Каждый дистрибутивный набор должен располагаться на дискете в своем
+собственном каталоге, т.е.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Файл <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> также необходимо поместить на
+первую дискету набора <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, поскольку он читается программой
+установки для определения количества дополнительных частей, которые необходимо объединить
+в дистрибутивный набор. При помещении дистрибутивных наборов на дискеты, файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">должен</i></span> помещаться на первую дискету каждого дистрибутивного
+набора.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Как только в программе установки появится экран Media, выберите ``Floppy'' и
+продолжайте установку.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN336" name="AEN336">1.5.4. Установка с QIC/SCSI ленты</a></h4>
+
+<p>При установке с ленты, программа установки предполагает, что файлы помещены на нее с
+помощью <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, поэтому
+после загрузки всех файлов дистрибутивных наборов, которые вам нужны, используйте <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> для помещения их на ленту с помощью примерно такой команды:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">/where/you/have/your/dists</var></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">dist1</var> .. <var class="REPLACEABLE">dist2</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>При установке вы также должны убедиться, что оставлено достаточно места во временном
+каталоге (который вам будет предложено выбрать) для помещения <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">полного</i></span> содержимого созданной ленты. В связи с невозможностью
+произвольного доступа к содержимого ленты, этот метод установки требует места во
+временном хранилище. Отведите столько места, сколько потребуется для распаковки
+дистрибутивных наборов, помещенных на ленту.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Для установки лента должна быть помещена в привод <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">до</i></span> загрузки с дискет. Иначе программа
+установки может не найти ее во время тестирования устройств.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Теперь создайте загрузочные дискеты, как описано в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a> и
+приступайте к установке.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. Установка по сети через FTP или
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>После создания загрузочных дискет, как описано в первом разделе, вы можете загрузить
+остальные файлы по сети, используя 3 типа соединения: последовательный порт, параллельный
+порт или Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN361" name="AEN361">1.5.5.1. Последовательный порт</a></h5>
+
+<p>Поддержка SLIP довольно примитивна, и ограничена в основном постоянными соединениями,
+такими как последовательный кабель между двумя компьютерами. Соединение должно быть
+постоянным, поскольку программа SLIP на данный момент не предоставляет возможности
+дозвона. Если вам требуется дозвон по модему или иной способ подготовки соединения перед
+его установкой, используйте PPP.</p>
+
+<p>При использовании PPP, убедитесь, что у вас есть IP адрес провайдера и сведения о DNS,
+так как они понадобятся на ранней стадии процесса установки. Вам также может
+потребоваться знать собственный IP адрес, поскольку PPP поддерживает динамическое
+согласование адресов и может получить эту информацию непосредственно от провайдера, если
+он предоставляет такую возможность.</p>
+
+<p>Вам также могут понадобиться сведения об использовании различных ``AT команд'' вашей
+модели модема, поскольку программа дозвона PPP предоставляет только очень простой
+эмулятор терминала.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN367" name="AEN367">1.5.5.2. Параллельный порт</a></h5>
+
+<p>Если доступно аппаратное подключение к другому компьютеру FreeBSD или Linux, вы можете
+также провести установку через параллельный ``laplink'' кабель. Скорость передачи данных
+через параллельный порт гораздо выше, чем это обычно возможно через последовательную
+линию (до 50к/сек), в результате установка проходит быстрее. Обычно не требуется
+использовать ``настоящий'' IP адрес при PPP соединении таким способом и вы можете
+использовать адреса RFC 1918 для концов соединения (например <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, и т.д.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Если вы используете компьютер с Linux, а не с FreeBSD в качестве
+удаленной стороны PLIP, потребуется также указать <var class="OPTION">link0</var> в окне
+настройки TCP/IP, поле ``extra options for ifconfig'', для обеспечения совместимости с
+несколько иначе реализованным PLIP протоколом Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN378" name="AEN378">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD поддерживает большинство широко распространенных карт Ethernet; таблица
+совместимых карт является частью информации об оборудовании (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> в меню Documentation на загрузочной дискете или в
+корневом каталоге CDROM). Если вы используете одну из поддерживаемых PCMCIA Ethernet
+карт, убедитесь также, что она подключена <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">до</i></span> включения лэптопа. К сожалению, FreeBSD не поддерживает
+определение PCMCIA карт ``на ходу'' во время установки.</p>
+
+<p>Вам также потребуется узнать ваш IP адрес в сети, сетевую маску для вашей подсети, и
+имя вашего компьютера. Ваш системный администратор может подсказать вам, какие значения
+подойдут для данной настройки. Если вы будете обращаться к другим хостам по имени вместо
+IP адреса, вам также потребуется сервер имен и возможно адрес шлюза (если вы используете
+PPP, это IP адрес вашего провайдера). Если вы хотите выполнить установку с FTP через HTTP
+прокси (см. ниже), потребуется также адрес прокси.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы не знаете ответа на эти вопросы, вам возможно лучше поговорить с системным
+администратором <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">перед</i></span> началом этого
+типа установки. Использование произвольно выбираемых IP адресов или сетевых маск в
+действующей сети почти наверняка не будет работать и возможно вам придется выслушать
+лекцию от рассерженного системного администратора.</p>
+
+<p>Как только вы настроили какой-либо тип сетевого подключения, установка может быть
+продолжена через NFS или FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN388" name="AEN388">1.5.5.4. Советы по установке через
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>Установка через NFS довольно проста: скопируйте необходимые файлы дистрибутива FreeBSD
+куда-либо на сервер и укажите на них при выборе NFS типа носителя.</p>
+
+<p>Если этот сервер поддерживает доступ только через ``привилегированные порты'' (обычно
+это режим по умолчанию для рабочих станций Sun и Linux), вам может потребоваться
+установить соответствующий параметр в меню Options перед началом установки.</p>
+
+<p>Если ваша Ethernet карта плохого качества и скорость передачи данных очень низка, вы
+возможно также захотите установить соответствующий флаг в Options.</p>
+
+<p>Для установки через NFS, сервер также должен поддерживать ``subdir mounts'', т.е. если
+каталог вашего дистрибутива FreeBSD находится в <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+должен позволять непосредственное монтирование <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, а не только <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> или <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>В файле FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> это поведение управляется
+параметром <var class="OPTION">-alldirs</var>. Другие сервера NFS могут иметь другие
+соглашения. Если вы получаете сообщения сервера <var class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</var>, скорее всего эта возможность не включена.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN405" name="AEN405">1.5.5.5. Советы по установке через
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP установка может быть выполнена с любого зеркалирующего сервера, содержащего свежую
+версию FreeBSD. Полный список, позволяющий выбрать зеркало почти для любого региона мира,
+появляется во время установки через FTP.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы выполняете установку с FTP сайта, не входящего в этот список, или существует
+проблема с настройкой сервера имен, вы можете также задать собственный URL путем выбора
+``URL'' в этом меню. URL может содержать имя хоста или IP адрес, так что при отсутствии
+сервера имен подойдет URL вроде этого:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/ia64/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>Существует три типа FTP установки, которые вы можете использовать:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: Этот метод использует стандартный ``активный'' режим передачи данных, в котором
+сервер устанавливает соединение с клиентом. Этот метод не будет работать через
+большинство брандмауэров, но зачастую лучше работает со старыми FTP серверами, которые не
+поддерживают пассивный режим. Если соединение обрывается в пассивном режиме, попробуйте
+этот режим.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: Устанавливает ``пассивный'' режим, который не позволяет серверу
+устанавливать соединение с клиентом. Этот параметр отлично подходит пользователям,
+находящимся за брандмауэрами, которые не разрешают входящих соединений по произвольным
+адресам портов.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP через HTTP прокси: Этот параметр указывает FreeBSD использовать HTTP для
+выполнения через прокси всех FTP операций. Прокси будет транслировать запросы и
+отправлять их серверу FTP. Это позволяет пользователю проходить через брандмауэры,
+которые вообще не разрешают использование FTP, но предоставляют HTTP прокси. Вы должны
+указать имя хоста прокси в дополнение к FTP серверу.</p>
+
+<p>В редких случаях, когда FTP прокси не работает через HTTP, вы можете указать URL
+примерно так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">port</var>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>В URL выше, <var class="REPLACEABLE">port</var> это номер порта FTP прокси
+сервера.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN454" name="AEN454">1.6. Вопросы и ответы для пользователей
+IA-64</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. Содержимое дистрибутива</a></h2>
+
+<p>Типичный каталог дистрибутива FreeBSD выглядит примерно так (детали могут отличаться в
+зависимости от версии, архитектуры, и других факторов):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>Если вы хотите выполнить CDROM, FTP или NFS установку из этого каталога, все, что
+потребуется, это сделать 1.44MB загрузочные дискеты (см. <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд.
+1.3</a>), загрузиться с них и следовать инструкциям. Остальные файлы, необходимые для
+установки, будут получены автоматически на основе вашего выбора. Если вы никогда раньше
+не устанавливали FreeBSD, потребуется также полностью прочитать этот документ (файл
+инструкций по установке).</p>
+
+<p>Если вы хотите выполнить установку другого типа, или хотите узнать больше об
+организации дистрибутива, вам поможет нижеследующая более детальная информация:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>Файлы <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> содержат
+документацию (например, этот документ находится в <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> и
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), их необходимо прочесть перед началом установки.
+Файлы <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> это простой текст, а файлы <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> это HTML файлы, которые могут быть просмотрены практически
+любым веб браузером. Некоторые дистрибутивы могут также содержать документацию в других
+форматах, таких как PDF или PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> это файл Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+используемый некоторыми веб браузерами для форматирования HTML документации.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, и <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> содержат основные
+компоненты дистрибутива FreeBSD и разделены на небольшие файлы, которые могут поместиться
+на дискеты (если это потребуется).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, и <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> содержат
+дистрибутивные наборы совместимости со старыми релизами и находятся в одиночных
+упакованных gzip tar файлах -- они могут быть установлены во время установки релиза или
+позже путем запуска соответствующих скриптов <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>В каталоге <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> находятся образы загрузочных дискет;
+дальнейшая информация по их использованию дана в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> содержат
+коллекцию пакетов и портов FreeBSD. Пакеты могут быть установлены из каталога <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> следующей командой:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Пакеты также могут быть установлены путем задания отдельных имен пакетов в каталоге
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ команде <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Коллекция портов может быть установлена как любой другой дистрибутивный набор и
+требует около 190MB места. Дальнейшая информация по коллекции портов может быть получена
+с <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> или локально из <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> если вы установили дистрибутивный набор <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Наконец, каталог <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> содержит различные утилиты DOS для
+определения геометрии диска, установки загрузочных менеджеров и т.п. Эти утилиты
+опциональны и предоставляются только для удобства пользователей.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Типичный дистрибутивный каталог (например, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) изнутри
+выглядит примерно так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> содержит контрольные суммы MD5 для каждого
+файла, которые помогают определить не поврежден ли файл. Он не используется программой
+установки и его не требуется копировать вместе с остальными файлами набора. Файлы <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> это части упакованного gzip tar файла, содержимое которого
+может быть просмотрено так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Во время установки эти части автоматически объединяются и извлекаются программой
+установки.</p>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> также необходим, поскольку он читается
+программой установки для определения числа частей, которые необходимо объединить в
+дистрибутивный набор. При помещении дистрибутивных наборов на дискеты, файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">должен</i></span>
+быть помещен на первую дискету каждого дистрибутивного набора!</p>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> это еще один не-необходимый файл,
+предоставляемый для информации. Он содержит контрольные суммы MD5 для <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">распакованных</i></span> дистрибутивных файлов и в
+дальнейшем может использоваться программой <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> для
+проверки возможного изменения файлов. Использование этого файла из набора <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> это хороший способ обнаружения троянских атак на вашу
+систему.</p>
+
+<p>Наконец, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> предназначен для тех, кто хочет
+установить дистрибутивный набор после установки системы. Например, для установки набора
+info с CDROM после установки системы, вы можете выполнить:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. Обновление FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Эта инструкция описывает процедуру бинарного обновления с предыдущих версий
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Хотя процедура обновления FreeBSD предпринимает все меры для
+предотвращения потери данных, все еще более чем возможно <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">потерять все содержимое жесткого диска</i></span> во время обновления!
+Пожалуйста, не подтверждайте установку без наличия резервной копии всех важных
+файлов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Здесь предполагается, что вы используете <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+поставляемую с той версией FreeBSD, до которой вы хотите обновиться. Использование другой
+версии <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+это почти гарантия возникновения проблем, система будет приведена в неработоспособное
+состояние. Наиболее часто совершаемая в этом случае ошибка -- это использование старой
+копии <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> из
+существующей системы для обновления FreeBSD до новой версии. Это <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">не</i></span> рекомендуется.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Бинарное обновление до FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE с FreeBSD 4-STABLE на
+данный момент не поддерживается. В FreeBSD 4-STABLE есть несколько файлов, наличие
+которых может быть разрушительно, но они не удаляются бинарным обновлением. Один
+известный пример это старый каталог <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, наличие
+которого приводит неправильной компиляции C++ программ (или они не компилируются
+вообще).</p>
+
+<p>Эти инструкции по обновлению предоставляются для пользователей, обновляющихся с
+относительно свежих FreeBSD 5-STABLE снэпшотов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN678" name="AEN678">3.1. Введение</a></h3>
+
+<p>Процедура обновления заменяет выбранные пользователем дистрибутивные наборы на наборы
+из нового релиза FreeBSD. Она сохраняет файлы настройки системы, как и данные
+пользователя, установленные пакеты и другое программное обеспечение.</p>
+
+<p>Администраторам, выполняющим обновление, предлагается изучить этот раздел полностью
+перед началом обновления.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN682" name="AEN682">3.1.1. Обзор обновления</a></h4>
+
+<p>Обновление дистрибутива производится путем извлечения новой версии компонентов поверх
+предыдущей версии. Файлы, принадлежащие старому дистрибутиву, не удаляются.</p>
+
+<p>Настройки системы сохраняются путем сохранения и восстановления предыдущей версии
+следующих файлов:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>Версии этих файлов, соответствующие новой версии системы, перемещаются в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. Системный администратор может объединить эти версии
+если требуется. Обратите внимание, что многие из этих файлов взаимно зависимы, и лучшая
+процедура объединения -- это копирование специфичных данных из старых версий файлов в
+новые.</p>
+
+<p>Во время процедуры обновления у администратора запрашивается место для сохранения
+файлов из <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. Если в используемые файлы будут внесены
+изменения, они могут быть последовательно восстановлены из этого каталога.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN756" name="AEN756">3.2. Процедура</a></h3>
+
+<p>Этот раздел описывает детали процедуры обновления. Особое внимание уделено моментам,
+которые существенно отличаются от обычной установки.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN759" name="AEN759">3.2.1. Резервное копирование</a></h4>
+
+<p>Данные пользователей и настройки системы должны быть сохранены перед обновлением. Хотя
+процедура обновления делает все для предотвращения случайных ошибок, возможно частичное
+или полное уничтожение данных и настроечной информации.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN762" name="AEN762">3.2.2. Монтирование файловых
+систем</a></h4>
+
+<p>Запускается редактор дисковых разделов со списком устройств имеющихся файловых систем.
+Перед началом обновления администратор должен обратить внимание имена устройств и
+соответствующие точки монтирования. Эти точки монтирования должны быть введены здесь.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Не</i></span> устанавливайте ``newfs flag''
+для файловых систем, поскольку это приведет к потере данных.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN767" name="AEN767">3.2.3. Выбор дистрибутивных
+наборов</a></h4>
+
+<p>На выбор дистрибутивных наборов не накладывается ограничений. Общее правило состоит в
+том, что для обновления должен быть выбран дистрибутивный набор <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>, и <var class="LITERAL">man</var> если страницы справочника
+уже установлены. Другие дистрибутивные наборы могут быть позже, если администратор
+захочет добавить дополнительные возможности.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. После установки</a></h4>
+
+<p>После завершения процедуры установки администратору предлагается проверить новые файлы
+настройки. В этот момент должна быть выполнена проверка правильности настроек системы. В
+частности, необходимо проверить файлы <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN777" name="AEN777">3.3. Обновление из исходных
+текстов</a></h3>
+
+<p>Для тех, кто интересуется более гибким и ``интеллектуальным'' методом обновления,
+существует глава Руководства FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">На переднем крае разработок</a>. Эта процедура относится к пересборке
+FreeBSD из исходных текстов. Она требует хорошего сетевого подключения, свободного места
+на диске и времени, но имеет преимущества при сетевых и других более сложных установках.
+Это та же процедура, что используется для отслеживания ветвей разработки -STABLE или
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> содержит важную информацию по обновлению
+системы FreeBSD из исходных текстов. В нем отражены различные вопросы, относящиеся к
+изменениям в FreeBSD, которые могут повлиять на обновление.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. Решение проблем</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. Восстановление существующей
+установки FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD предоставляет опцию ``Fixit'' в верхнем меню загрузочной дискеты. Для ее
+использования вам потребуется или дискета с <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+созданная тем же способом, что и загрузочная дискета, или ``live filesystem'' CDROM;
+обычно это второй CDROM в многодисковом дистрибутиве FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Для запуска fixit загрузите дискету <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>, выберите
+``Fixit'' из меню и вставьте fixit дискету или CDROM после приглашения. Появится оболочка
+с множеством команд (в каталогах <tt class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>) для проверки, восстановления и просмотра файловых
+систем и их содержимого. Для использования этой возможности <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">требуется</i></span> некоторый опыт администрирования UNIX.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN798" name="AEN798">4.2. Проблемы, с которыми наиболее часто
+сталкиваются пользователи архитектуры IA-64</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-pc98.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-pc98.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..416f063ed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-pc98.html
@@ -0,0 +1,972 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Инструкции по установке FreeBSD/pc98 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Инструкции по установке FreeBSD/pc98
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>Эта статья дает краткие инструкции по установке FreeBSD/pc98 5.3-RELEASE, особое
+внимание уделено получению дистрибутива FreeBSD. Представлены также отдельные заметки по
+решению проблем и часто задаваемые вопросы.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. Установка FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Этот раздел описывает процесс установки новой системы FreeBSD. Особое внимание уделено
+получению дистрибутива FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE и началу процедуры установки. Глава <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``Установка FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">Руководства
+FreeBSD</a> предоставляет более подробную информацию о самой программе установке, включая
+пошаговую инструкцию по установке с иллюстрациями.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы обновляете предыдущий релиз FreeBSD, ознакомьтесь с <a href="#UPGRADING">Разд.
+3</a>, где находятся инструкции по обновлению.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. Перед
+установкой</a></h3>
+
+<p>Возможно наиболее важным действием, которое должно быть выполнено перед установкой,
+является чтение различных инструкций, поставляемых с FreeBSD. Обзор документов,
+поставляемых с этим релизом FreeBSD, можно найти в <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+который обычно находится там же, где и этот файл; большинство таких документов
+(информация о релизе, список совместимого оборудования) доступны также из меню
+Documentation программы установки.</p>
+
+<p>Он-лайн версии FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> и <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> доступны также с <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">веб сайта Проекта FreeBSD</a>, если у вас есть подключение к интернет.</p>
+
+<p>Этот набор документов может показаться сложным, но время, потраченное на их чтение,
+окупится многократно. Ознакомление с доступными ресурсами также может помочь в случае
+проблем при установке.</p>
+
+<p>Даже правильные действия иногда приводят к неудаче, так что если вы столкнулись с
+проблемами, обратитесь к <a href="#TROUBLE">Разд. 4</a>, где находится информация по
+решению проблем. Вам также понадобится прочесть свежую копию файла <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> перед установкой, он предупредит вас о проблемах,
+которые были обнаружены за время существования данного релиза.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Хотя FreeBSD уделяет основное внимание предотвращению потери данных, все
+же более чем возможна <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">потеря всех данных на
+диске</i></span> при ошибке во время установки. Не переходите к последнему меню установки
+FreeBSD до тех пор, пока не было выполнено резервное копирование важных данных.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. Требования к аппаратному
+обеспечению</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD для NEC PC-98x1 для установки и работы требуется 486 процессор или выше (хотя
+с другим ядром FreeBSD может работать на процессорах 386), как минимум 8 мегабайт
+оперативной памяти для установки и 7 мегабайта для запуска. Вам потребуется как минимум
+150MB свободного места на жестком диске для минимальной установки. Ниже дана информация
+по урезанию существующего раздела DOS для установки FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы не знакомы с настройкой оборудования для FreeBSD, обязательно прочтите файл
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; в нем содержится важная информация по
+оборудованию, поддерживаемому FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. Инструкции по созданию
+дискет</a></h3>
+
+<p>В зависимости от способа установки FreeBSD, вам может потребоваться создание набора
+дискет (обычно трех) для начала процесса установки. Этот раздел кратко описывает как
+создать эти диски с установочного CDROM или из интернет. Обратите внимание, что в общем
+случае установки FreeBSD с CDROM на компьютере, поддерживающем загрузочные CDROM, этот
+шаг не требуется и может быть пропущен.</p>
+
+<p>Для обычной установки с CDROM или по сети, вам потребуется скопировать образы дискет
+<tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> из каталога <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> (для 1.44MB дискет) или <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot-small.flp</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">kern-small.flp</tt> (для
+1.2MB дискет).</p>
+
+<p>Получить эти образы по сети просто. Загрузите <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">release</var><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/boot.flp</tt> и все <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">release</var><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/kernX.flp</tt> с <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> или с одного из
+зеркал, перечисленных в разделе <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
+target="_top">FTP зеркала</a> Руководства или, или на страницах <a
+href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Возьмите три (или сколько потребуется) чистых, только что отформатированных дискет и
+поместите образ <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> на первую, а <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> на остальные. Эти образы <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">не</i></span> DOS файлы. Вы не можете просто скопировать их на DOS или
+UFS дискету как обычные файлы, потребуется размещение образов на диске с помощью <tt
+class="FILENAME">rawrite.exe</tt> под DOS (находится в каталоге <tt
+class="FILENAME">tools</tt> на CDROM или на FTP зеркалах FreeBSD) или с помощью команды
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> в UNIX.</p>
+
+<p>Например, для создания дискеты с образом ядра под DOS, вам потребуется выполнить
+примерно такую команду:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">A&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rawrite</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Предполагается, что вы скопировали <tt class="FILENAME">rawrite.exe</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> в отдельный каталог. Для файлов <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> действия будут аналогичны.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы создаете загрузочную дискету на компьютере UNIX, используйте команду:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0.1440</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>или</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot-small.flp of=/dev/rfd0.1200</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>в зависимости от имеющегося оборудования и операционной системы (различные версии UNIX
+по-разному именуют устройства гибких дисков).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. Установка
+FreeBSD с CDROM или через интернет</a></h3>
+
+<p>Проще всего выполнить установку с CDROM. Если у вас есть поддерживаемый привод CDROM и
+установочный CD FreeBSD, существует следующий способ установки с него:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Создайте набор загрузочных дискет FreeBSD из каталога <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> дистрибутива FreeBSD. Прочтите <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд.
+1.3</a> с более подробной информацией по созданию загрузочных дискет под различными
+операционными системами. Затем просто загрузитесь с первой дискеты, и вскоре начнется
+установка FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Если у вас нет CDROM, вы можете просто выполнить установку через сеть, используя PPP,
+SLIP или выделенное соединение. Начните установку, создав набор загрузочных дискет
+FreeBSD из файлов <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/boot.flp</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/mfsroot.flp</tt>, используя инструкции в <a
+href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a>. Перезагрузите компьютер, диск <tt
+class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>; после запроса вставьте последовательно остальные диски.
+Прочтите <a href="#FTPNFS">Разд. 1.5.5</a> с дополнительной информацией по установке
+через FTP или NFS.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN200" name="AEN200">1.5. Детальная информация по различным
+типам установки</a></h3>
+
+<p>Как только появится первый экран программы установки, вы сможете следовать различным
+меню этой программы. Если вы никогда раньше не использовали программу установки FreeBSD,
+вы можете также прочесть некоторую документацию из подменю Documentation, как и общие
+инструкции ``Usage'' из первого меню.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Если вы встретились с затруднениями, нажмите клавишу <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> для вызова онлайн документации, относящейся к этому разделу.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Если вы никогда раньше не устанавливали FreeBSD, или даже если устанавливали,
+рекомендуемым способом установки является ``Standard'', поскольку он гарантирует
+выполнение всех наиболее важных пунктов установки. Если вы хорошо знакомы с процессом
+установки FreeBSD и <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">точно</i></span> знаете,
+что нужно делать, используйте установку ``Express'' или ``Custom''. Если вы обновляете
+существующую систему, используйте параметр ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>Программа установки FreeBSD поддерживает непосредственное использование дискет,
+разделов DOS, NFS, UFS, лент и CDROM в качестве дистрибутивных носителей; дальнейшие
+инструкции по установке с каждого из этих носителей приведены ниже.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN239" name="AEN239">1.5.1. Установка с CDROM по сети</a></h4>
+
+<p>Если вы просто хотите установить систему с локального привода CDROM, прочтите <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">Разд. 1.4</a>. Если в вашей системе нет привода CDROM и вы
+хотите использовать CDROM на другой системе, к которой у вас есть подключение по сети,
+существует несколько способов чтобы сделать это:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Если у вас есть возможность установки FreeBSD через FTP непосредственно с CDROM на
+другом компьютере FreeBSD, это очень просто: убедитесь, что FTP сервер работает и
+добавьте следующую строку в файл паролей (используя <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>На компьютере, где вы производите установку, перейдите к меню Options и установите имя
+релиза в <var class="LITERAL">any</var>. Затем вы можете выбрать тип носителя <var
+class="LITERAL">FTP</var>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">machine</var></tt> после выбора ``URL'' в меню ftp сайтов.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Это позволит любому в локальной сети (или интернет) создавать
+``анонимные'' FTP соединения с этим компьютером, что может быть нежелательно.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Если вместо этого вы хотите использовать NFS для непосредственного экспорта
+содержимого CDROM на компьютер, с которого будет вестись установка, сначала потребуется
+добавить запись в файл <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (на компьютере, где
+находится привод CDROM). Пример ниже позволяет компьютеру <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> смонтировать CDROM во время установки непосредственно
+через NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>Конечно, компьютер с CDROM должен быть также настроен в качестве NFS сервера, и если
+вы не уверены как сделать это, NFS вероятно не лучший выбор для вас, пока вы не прочтете
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> и не
+настроите все правильно. Предполагая, что эта часть прошла нормально, вы должны ввести:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">cdrom-host</var>:/cdrom</tt> в качестве
+пути к NFS компьютеру, где находится дистрибутив, например <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN271" name="AEN271">1.5.2. Установка с дискет</a></h4>
+
+<p>Если вам необходимо выполнять установку с дискет, или из-за неподдерживаемого
+оборудования, или потому, что вам нравится делать все сложным способом, необходимо
+сначала подготовить дискеты.</p>
+
+<p>Сначала подготовьте дискеты, как описано в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Затем, внимательно прочтите <a href="#LAYOUT">Разд. 2</a> и обратите особое внимание
+на раздел ``Distribution Format'', поскольку он описывает файлы, которые необходимо
+поместить на дискеты и те, которые вы можете пропустить.</p>
+
+<p>Затем вам потребуется, как минимум, столько 1.44MB дискет, сколько необходимо для
+вмещения всех файлов из каталога <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+Если вы подготавливаете эти дискеты под DOS, они <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">должны</i></span> быть отформатированы с использованием команды MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. Если вы используете Windows, воспользуйтесь командой
+format из Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Зачастую диски поставляются уже отформатированными. Хотя это удобно,
+многие проблемы, о которых сообщали пользователи, стали причиной использования
+неправильно отформатированных носителей. Переформатируйте их самостоятельно, просто для
+уверенности.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Если вы создаете дискеты на другом компьютере с FreeBSD, форматирование все еще может
+потребоваться, хотя нет необходимости создавать файловую систему DOS на каждой дискете.
+Вы можете использовать команды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> для
+создания на дискетах файловой системы UFS, что проиллюстрировано в следующей
+последовательности команд:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>После форматирования дискет для DOS или UFS, вам потребуется скопировать на них файлы.
+Файлы дистрибутива разделены на части такого размера, чтобы на каждую дискету помещался
+один файл. Каждый дистрибутивный набор должен располагаться на дискете в своем
+собственном каталоге, т.е.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Файл <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> также необходимо поместить на
+первую дискету набора <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, поскольку он читается программой
+установки для определения количества дополнительных частей, которые необходимо объединить
+в дистрибутивный набор. При помещении дистрибутивных наборов на дискеты, файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">должен</i></span> помещаться на первую дискету каждого дистрибутивного
+набора.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Как только в программе установки появится экран Media, выберите ``Floppy'' и
+продолжайте установку.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN311" name="AEN311">1.5.3. Установка с раздела DOS</a></h4>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">A:\&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">MD A:\FREEBSD</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">A:\&#62;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">XCOPY /S E:\BASE A:\FREEBSD\BASE</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Предполагается, что на <tt class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> смонтирован CD.</p>
+
+<p>Для всех дистрибутивных наборов, которые вы хотите установить с раздела DOS (и для
+которых у вас есть свободное место), выполните копирование в каталог <tt
+class="FILENAME">A:\FREEBSD</tt> -- минимально необходимый набор это <tt
+class="FILENAME">BIN</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Как только вы скопировали каталоги, просто запустите установку с дискет как обычно и
+выберите ``DOS'' в качестве носителя когда придет время.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN336" name="AEN336">1.5.4. Установка с QIC/SCSI ленты</a></h4>
+
+<p>При установке с ленты, программа установки предполагает, что файлы помещены на нее с
+помощью <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, поэтому
+после загрузки всех файлов дистрибутивных наборов, которые вам нужны, используйте <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> для помещения их на ленту с помощью примерно такой команды:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">/where/you/have/your/dists</var></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">dist1</var> .. <var class="REPLACEABLE">dist2</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>При установке вы также должны убедиться, что оставлено достаточно места во временном
+каталоге (который вам будет предложено выбрать) для помещения <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">полного</i></span> содержимого созданной ленты. В связи с невозможностью
+произвольного доступа к содержимого ленты, этот метод установки требует места во
+временном хранилище. Отведите столько места, сколько потребуется для распаковки
+дистрибутивных наборов, помещенных на ленту.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Для установки лента должна быть помещена в привод <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">до</i></span> загрузки с дискет. Иначе программа
+установки может не найти ее во время тестирования устройств.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Теперь создайте загрузочные дискеты, как описано в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a> и
+приступайте к установке.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. Установка по сети через FTP или
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>После создания загрузочных дискет, как описано в первом разделе, вы можете загрузить
+остальные файлы по сети, используя 3 типа соединения: последовательный порт, параллельный
+порт или Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN361" name="AEN361">1.5.5.1. Последовательный порт</a></h5>
+
+<p>Поддержка SLIP довольно примитивна, и ограничена в основном постоянными соединениями,
+такими как последовательный кабель между двумя компьютерами. Соединение должно быть
+постоянным, поскольку программа SLIP на данный момент не предоставляет возможности
+дозвона. Если вам требуется дозвон по модему или иной способ подготовки соединения перед
+его установкой, используйте PPP.</p>
+
+<p>При использовании PPP, убедитесь, что у вас есть IP адрес провайдера и сведения о DNS,
+так как они понадобятся на ранней стадии процесса установки. Вам также может
+потребоваться знать собственный IP адрес, поскольку PPP поддерживает динамическое
+согласование адресов и может получить эту информацию непосредственно от провайдера, если
+он предоставляет такую возможность.</p>
+
+<p>Вам также могут понадобиться сведения об использовании различных ``AT команд'' вашей
+модели модема, поскольку программа дозвона PPP предоставляет только очень простой
+эмулятор терминала.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN367" name="AEN367">1.5.5.2. Параллельный порт</a></h5>
+
+<p>Если доступно аппаратное подключение к другому компьютеру FreeBSD или Linux, вы можете
+также провести установку через параллельный ``laplink'' кабель. Скорость передачи данных
+через параллельный порт гораздо выше, чем это обычно возможно через последовательную
+линию (до 50к/сек), в результате установка проходит быстрее. Обычно не требуется
+использовать ``настоящий'' IP адрес при PPP соединении таким способом и вы можете
+использовать адреса RFC 1918 для концов соединения (например <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, и т.д.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Если вы используете компьютер с Linux, а не с FreeBSD в качестве
+удаленной стороны PLIP, потребуется также указать <var class="OPTION">link0</var> в окне
+настройки TCP/IP, поле ``extra options for ifconfig'', для обеспечения совместимости с
+несколько иначе реализованным PLIP протоколом Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN378" name="AEN378">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD поддерживает большинство широко распространенных карт Ethernet; таблица
+совместимых карт является частью информации об оборудовании (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> в меню Documentation на загрузочной дискете или в
+корневом каталоге CDROM). Если вы используете одну из поддерживаемых PCMCIA Ethernet
+карт, убедитесь также, что она подключена <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">до</i></span> включения лэптопа. К сожалению, FreeBSD не поддерживает
+определение PCMCIA карт ``на ходу'' во время установки.</p>
+
+<p>Вам также потребуется узнать ваш IP адрес в сети, сетевую маску для вашей подсети, и
+имя вашего компьютера. Ваш системный администратор может подсказать вам, какие значения
+подойдут для данной настройки. Если вы будете обращаться к другим хостам по имени вместо
+IP адреса, вам также потребуется сервер имен и возможно адрес шлюза (если вы используете
+PPP, это IP адрес вашего провайдера). Если вы хотите выполнить установку с FTP через HTTP
+прокси (см. ниже), потребуется также адрес прокси.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы не знаете ответа на эти вопросы, вам возможно лучше поговорить с системным
+администратором <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">перед</i></span> началом этого
+типа установки. Использование произвольно выбираемых IP адресов или сетевых маск в
+действующей сети почти наверняка не будет работать и возможно вам придется выслушать
+лекцию от рассерженного системного администратора.</p>
+
+<p>Как только вы настроили какой-либо тип сетевого подключения, установка может быть
+продолжена через NFS или FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN388" name="AEN388">1.5.5.4. Советы по установке через
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>Установка через NFS довольно проста: скопируйте необходимые файлы дистрибутива FreeBSD
+куда-либо на сервер и укажите на них при выборе NFS типа носителя.</p>
+
+<p>Если этот сервер поддерживает доступ только через ``привилегированные порты'' (обычно
+это режим по умолчанию для рабочих станций Sun и Linux), вам может потребоваться
+установить соответствующий параметр в меню Options перед началом установки.</p>
+
+<p>Если ваша Ethernet карта плохого качества и скорость передачи данных очень низка, вы
+возможно также захотите установить соответствующий флаг в Options.</p>
+
+<p>Для установки через NFS, сервер также должен поддерживать ``subdir mounts'', т.е. если
+каталог вашего дистрибутива FreeBSD находится в <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+должен позволять непосредственное монтирование <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, а не только <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> или <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>В файле FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> это поведение управляется
+параметром <var class="OPTION">-alldirs</var>. Другие сервера NFS могут иметь другие
+соглашения. Если вы получаете сообщения сервера <var class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</var>, скорее всего эта возможность не включена.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN405" name="AEN405">1.5.5.5. Советы по установке через
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP установка может быть выполнена с любого зеркалирующего сервера, содержащего свежую
+версию FreeBSD. Полный список, позволяющий выбрать зеркало почти для любого региона мира,
+появляется во время установки через FTP.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы выполняете установку с FTP сайта, не входящего в этот список, или существует
+проблема с настройкой сервера имен, вы можете также задать собственный URL путем выбора
+``URL'' в этом меню. URL может содержать имя хоста или IP адрес, так что при отсутствии
+сервера имен подойдет URL вроде этого:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/pc98/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>Существует три типа FTP установки, которые вы можете использовать:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: Этот метод использует стандартный ``активный'' режим передачи данных, в котором
+сервер устанавливает соединение с клиентом. Этот метод не будет работать через
+большинство брандмауэров, но зачастую лучше работает со старыми FTP серверами, которые не
+поддерживают пассивный режим. Если соединение обрывается в пассивном режиме, попробуйте
+этот режим.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: Устанавливает ``пассивный'' режим, который не позволяет серверу
+устанавливать соединение с клиентом. Этот параметр отлично подходит пользователям,
+находящимся за брандмауэрами, которые не разрешают входящих соединений по произвольным
+адресам портов.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP через HTTP прокси: Этот параметр указывает FreeBSD использовать HTTP для
+выполнения через прокси всех FTP операций. Прокси будет транслировать запросы и
+отправлять их серверу FTP. Это позволяет пользователю проходить через брандмауэры,
+которые вообще не разрешают использование FTP, но предоставляют HTTP прокси. Вы должны
+указать имя хоста прокси в дополнение к FTP серверу.</p>
+
+<p>В редких случаях, когда FTP прокси не работает через HTTP, вы можете указать URL
+примерно так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">port</var>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>В URL выше, <var class="REPLACEABLE">port</var> это номер порта FTP прокси
+сервера.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN454" name="AEN454">1.6. Вопросы и ответы для пользователей
+NEC PC-98x1</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. Содержимое дистрибутива</a></h2>
+
+<p>Типичный каталог дистрибутива FreeBSD выглядит примерно так (детали могут отличаться в
+зависимости от версии, архитектуры, и других факторов):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>Если вы хотите выполнить CDROM, FTP или NFS установку из этого каталога, все, что
+потребуется, это сделать 1.44MB загрузочные дискеты (см. <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд.
+1.3</a>), загрузиться с них и следовать инструкциям. Остальные файлы, необходимые для
+установки, будут получены автоматически на основе вашего выбора. Если вы никогда раньше
+не устанавливали FreeBSD, потребуется также полностью прочитать этот документ (файл
+инструкций по установке).</p>
+
+<p>Если вы хотите выполнить установку другого типа, или хотите узнать больше об
+организации дистрибутива, вам поможет нижеследующая более детальная информация:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>Файлы <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> содержат
+документацию (например, этот документ находится в <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> и
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), их необходимо прочесть перед началом установки.
+Файлы <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> это простой текст, а файлы <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> это HTML файлы, которые могут быть просмотрены практически
+любым веб браузером. Некоторые дистрибутивы могут также содержать документацию в других
+форматах, таких как PDF или PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> это файл Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+используемый некоторыми веб браузерами для форматирования HTML документации.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, и <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> содержат основные
+компоненты дистрибутива FreeBSD и разделены на небольшие файлы, которые могут поместиться
+на дискеты (если это потребуется).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, и <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> содержат
+дистрибутивные наборы совместимости со старыми релизами и находятся в одиночных
+упакованных gzip tar файлах -- они могут быть установлены во время установки релиза или
+позже путем запуска соответствующих скриптов <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>В каталоге <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> находятся образы загрузочных дискет;
+дальнейшая информация по их использованию дана в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> содержат
+коллекцию пакетов и портов FreeBSD. Пакеты могут быть установлены из каталога <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> следующей командой:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Пакеты также могут быть установлены путем задания отдельных имен пакетов в каталоге
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ команде <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Коллекция портов может быть установлена как любой другой дистрибутивный набор и
+требует около 190MB места. Дальнейшая информация по коллекции портов может быть получена
+с <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> или локально из <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> если вы установили дистрибутивный набор <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Наконец, каталог <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> содержит различные утилиты DOS для
+определения геометрии диска, установки загрузочных менеджеров и т.п. Эти утилиты
+опциональны и предоставляются только для удобства пользователей.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Типичный дистрибутивный каталог (например, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) изнутри
+выглядит примерно так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> содержит контрольные суммы MD5 для каждого
+файла, которые помогают определить не поврежден ли файл. Он не используется программой
+установки и его не требуется копировать вместе с остальными файлами набора. Файлы <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> это части упакованного gzip tar файла, содержимое которого
+может быть просмотрено так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Во время установки эти части автоматически объединяются и извлекаются программой
+установки.</p>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> также необходим, поскольку он читается
+программой установки для определения числа частей, которые необходимо объединить в
+дистрибутивный набор. При помещении дистрибутивных наборов на дискеты, файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">должен</i></span>
+быть помещен на первую дискету каждого дистрибутивного набора!</p>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> это еще один не-необходимый файл,
+предоставляемый для информации. Он содержит контрольные суммы MD5 для <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">распакованных</i></span> дистрибутивных файлов и в
+дальнейшем может использоваться программой <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> для
+проверки возможного изменения файлов. Использование этого файла из набора <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> это хороший способ обнаружения троянских атак на вашу
+систему.</p>
+
+<p>Наконец, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> предназначен для тех, кто хочет
+установить дистрибутивный набор после установки системы. Например, для установки набора
+info с CDROM после установки системы, вы можете выполнить:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. Обновление FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Эта инструкция описывает процедуру бинарного обновления с предыдущих версий
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Хотя процедура обновления FreeBSD предпринимает все меры для
+предотвращения потери данных, все еще более чем возможно <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">потерять все содержимое жесткого диска</i></span> во время обновления!
+Пожалуйста, не подтверждайте установку без наличия резервной копии всех важных
+файлов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Здесь предполагается, что вы используете <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+поставляемую с той версией FreeBSD, до которой вы хотите обновиться. Использование другой
+версии <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+это почти гарантия возникновения проблем, система будет приведена в неработоспособное
+состояние. Наиболее часто совершаемая в этом случае ошибка -- это использование старой
+копии <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> из
+существующей системы для обновления FreeBSD до новой версии. Это <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">не</i></span> рекомендуется.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Бинарное обновление до FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE с FreeBSD 4-STABLE на
+данный момент не поддерживается. В FreeBSD 4-STABLE есть несколько файлов, наличие
+которых может быть разрушительно, но они не удаляются бинарным обновлением. Один
+известный пример это старый каталог <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, наличие
+которого приводит неправильной компиляции C++ программ (или они не компилируются
+вообще).</p>
+
+<p>Эти инструкции по обновлению предоставляются для пользователей, обновляющихся с
+относительно свежих FreeBSD 5-STABLE снэпшотов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN678" name="AEN678">3.1. Введение</a></h3>
+
+<p>Процедура обновления заменяет выбранные пользователем дистрибутивные наборы на наборы
+из нового релиза FreeBSD. Она сохраняет файлы настройки системы, как и данные
+пользователя, установленные пакеты и другое программное обеспечение.</p>
+
+<p>Администраторам, выполняющим обновление, предлагается изучить этот раздел полностью
+перед началом обновления.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN682" name="AEN682">3.1.1. Обзор обновления</a></h4>
+
+<p>Обновление дистрибутива производится путем извлечения новой версии компонентов поверх
+предыдущей версии. Файлы, принадлежащие старому дистрибутиву, не удаляются.</p>
+
+<p>Настройки системы сохраняются путем сохранения и восстановления предыдущей версии
+следующих файлов:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>Версии этих файлов, соответствующие новой версии системы, перемещаются в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. Системный администратор может объединить эти версии
+если требуется. Обратите внимание, что многие из этих файлов взаимно зависимы, и лучшая
+процедура объединения -- это копирование специфичных данных из старых версий файлов в
+новые.</p>
+
+<p>Во время процедуры обновления у администратора запрашивается место для сохранения
+файлов из <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. Если в используемые файлы будут внесены
+изменения, они могут быть последовательно восстановлены из этого каталога.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN756" name="AEN756">3.2. Процедура</a></h3>
+
+<p>Этот раздел описывает детали процедуры обновления. Особое внимание уделено моментам,
+которые существенно отличаются от обычной установки.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN759" name="AEN759">3.2.1. Резервное копирование</a></h4>
+
+<p>Данные пользователей и настройки системы должны быть сохранены перед обновлением. Хотя
+процедура обновления делает все для предотвращения случайных ошибок, возможно частичное
+или полное уничтожение данных и настроечной информации.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN762" name="AEN762">3.2.2. Монтирование файловых
+систем</a></h4>
+
+<p>Запускается редактор дисковых разделов со списком устройств имеющихся файловых систем.
+Перед началом обновления администратор должен обратить внимание имена устройств и
+соответствующие точки монтирования. Эти точки монтирования должны быть введены здесь.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Не</i></span> устанавливайте ``newfs flag''
+для файловых систем, поскольку это приведет к потере данных.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN767" name="AEN767">3.2.3. Выбор дистрибутивных
+наборов</a></h4>
+
+<p>На выбор дистрибутивных наборов не накладывается ограничений. Общее правило состоит в
+том, что для обновления должен быть выбран дистрибутивный набор <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>, и <var class="LITERAL">man</var> если страницы справочника
+уже установлены. Другие дистрибутивные наборы могут быть позже, если администратор
+захочет добавить дополнительные возможности.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. После установки</a></h4>
+
+<p>После завершения процедуры установки администратору предлагается проверить новые файлы
+настройки. В этот момент должна быть выполнена проверка правильности настроек системы. В
+частности, необходимо проверить файлы <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN777" name="AEN777">3.3. Обновление из исходных
+текстов</a></h3>
+
+<p>Для тех, кто интересуется более гибким и ``интеллектуальным'' методом обновления,
+существует глава Руководства FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">На переднем крае разработок</a>. Эта процедура относится к пересборке
+FreeBSD из исходных текстов. Она требует хорошего сетевого подключения, свободного места
+на диске и времени, но имеет преимущества при сетевых и других более сложных установках.
+Это та же процедура, что используется для отслеживания ветвей разработки -STABLE или
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> содержит важную информацию по обновлению
+системы FreeBSD из исходных текстов. В нем отражены различные вопросы, относящиеся к
+изменениям в FreeBSD, которые могут повлиять на обновление.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. Решение проблем</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. Восстановление существующей
+установки FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD предоставляет опцию ``Fixit'' в верхнем меню загрузочной дискеты. Для ее
+использования вам потребуется или дискета с <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+созданная тем же способом, что и загрузочная дискета, или ``live filesystem'' CDROM;
+обычно это второй CDROM в многодисковом дистрибутиве FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Для запуска fixit загрузите дискету <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>, выберите
+``Fixit'' из меню и вставьте fixit дискету или CDROM после приглашения. Появится оболочка
+с множеством команд (в каталогах <tt class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>) для проверки, восстановления и просмотра файловых
+систем и их содержимого. Для использования этой возможности <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">требуется</i></span> некоторый опыт администрирования UNIX.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN798" name="AEN798">4.2. Проблемы, с которыми наиболее часто
+сталкиваются пользователи архитектуры NEC PC-98x1</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Инструкции по установке FreeBSD/sparc64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
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+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Инструкции по установке FreeBSD/sparc64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>Эта статья дает краткие инструкции по установке FreeBSD/sparc64 5.3-RELEASE, особое
+внимание уделено получению дистрибутива FreeBSD. Представлены также отдельные заметки по
+решению проблем и часто задаваемые вопросы.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. Установка FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Этот раздел описывает процесс установки новой системы FreeBSD. Особое внимание уделено
+получению дистрибутива FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE и началу процедуры установки. Глава <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``Установка FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">Руководства
+FreeBSD</a> предоставляет более подробную информацию о самой программе установке, включая
+пошаговую инструкцию по установке с иллюстрациями.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы обновляете предыдущий релиз FreeBSD, ознакомьтесь с <a href="#UPGRADING">Разд.
+3</a>, где находятся инструкции по обновлению.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. Перед
+установкой</a></h3>
+
+<p>Возможно наиболее важным действием, которое должно быть выполнено перед установкой,
+является чтение различных инструкций, поставляемых с FreeBSD. Обзор документов,
+поставляемых с этим релизом FreeBSD, можно найти в <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+который обычно находится там же, где и этот файл; большинство таких документов
+(информация о релизе, список совместимого оборудования) доступны также из меню
+Documentation программы установки.</p>
+
+<p>Он-лайн версии FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> и <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> доступны также с <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">веб сайта Проекта FreeBSD</a>, если у вас есть подключение к интернет.</p>
+
+<p>Этот набор документов может показаться сложным, но время, потраченное на их чтение,
+окупится многократно. Ознакомление с доступными ресурсами также может помочь в случае
+проблем при установке.</p>
+
+<p>Даже правильные действия иногда приводят к неудаче, так что если вы столкнулись с
+проблемами, обратитесь к <a href="#TROUBLE">Разд. 4</a>, где находится информация по
+решению проблем. Вам также понадобится прочесть свежую копию файла <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> перед установкой, он предупредит вас о проблемах,
+которые были обнаружены за время существования данного релиза.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Хотя FreeBSD уделяет основное внимание предотвращению потери данных, все
+же более чем возможна <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">потеря всех данных на
+диске</i></span> при ошибке во время установки. Не переходите к последнему меню установки
+FreeBSD до тех пор, пока не было выполнено резервное копирование важных данных.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. Требования к аппаратному
+обеспечению</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD для UltraSPARC поддерживает платформы, описанные в <tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Вам потребуется отдельный диск для FreeBSD/sparc64. На данный момент совместное
+использование диска с другой операционной системой невозможно.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы не знакомы с настройкой оборудования для FreeBSD, обязательно прочтите файл
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; в нем содержится важная информация по
+оборудованию, поддерживаемому FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. Инструкции по созданию
+дискет</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. Установка
+FreeBSD с CDROM или через интернет</a></h3>
+
+<p>Большинство систем sparc64 настроены для автоматической загрузки с диска. Для
+установки FreeBSD вам потребуется загрузиться из сети или с CDROM, что требует входа в
+PROM (OpenFirmware).</p>
+
+<p>Для этого перегрузите систему и ждите появления загрузочного сообщения. Оно зависит от
+модели, но должно выглядеть примерно так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present
+Copyright 1998-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132.
+Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.
+</pre>
+
+<p>Если после этого сообщения ваша система начинает загрузку, потребуется нажать <b
+class="KEYCAP">L1</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">A</b> или <b class="KEYCAP">Stop</b>+<b
+class="KEYCAP">A</b> на клавиатуре, или отправить <tt class="COMMAND">BREAK</tt> через
+последовательную консоль (например, используя <tt class="COMMAND">~#</tt> в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tip</span>(1)</span></a> или <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cu</span>(1)</span></a>) для получения
+приглашения PROM. Оно выглядит примерно так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">ok    </samp>     <a id="PROMPT-SINGLE"
+name="PROMPT-SINGLE"><b>(1)</b></a>
+<samp class="PROMPT">ok {0}</samp>     <a id="PROMPT-SMP"
+name="PROMPT-SMP"><b>(2)</b></a>
+</pre>
+
+<div class="CALLOUTLIST">
+<dl compact="COMPACT">
+<dt><a href="#PROMPT-SINGLE"><b>(1)</b></a></dt>
+
+<dd>Это приглашение используется на системах с одним CPU.</dd>
+
+<dt><a href="#PROMPT-SMP"><b>(2)</b></a></dt>
+
+<dd>Это приглашение используется на системах SMP, цифра показывает число активных
+CPU.</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<p>После этого поместите CDROM в привод и из приглашения PROM наберите <tt
+class="COMMAND">boot cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN200" name="AEN200">1.5. Детальная информация по различным
+типам установки</a></h3>
+
+<p>Как только появится первый экран программы установки, вы сможете следовать различным
+меню этой программы. Если вы никогда раньше не использовали программу установки FreeBSD,
+вы можете также прочесть некоторую документацию из подменю Documentation, как и общие
+инструкции ``Usage'' из первого меню.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Если вы встретились с затруднениями, нажмите клавишу <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> для вызова онлайн документации, относящейся к этому разделу.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Если вы никогда раньше не устанавливали FreeBSD, или даже если устанавливали,
+рекомендуемым способом установки является ``Standard'', поскольку он гарантирует
+выполнение всех наиболее важных пунктов установки. Если вы хорошо знакомы с процессом
+установки FreeBSD и <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">точно</i></span> знаете,
+что нужно делать, используйте установку ``Express'' или ``Custom''. Если вы обновляете
+существующую систему, используйте параметр ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>Программа установки FreeBSD поддерживает непосредственное использование дискет,
+разделов DOS, NFS, UFS, лент и CDROM в качестве дистрибутивных носителей; дальнейшие
+инструкции по установке с каждого из этих носителей приведены ниже.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN239" name="AEN239">1.5.1. Установка с CDROM по сети</a></h4>
+
+<p>Если вы просто хотите установить систему с локального привода CDROM, прочтите <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">Разд. 1.4</a>. Если в вашей системе нет привода CDROM и вы
+хотите использовать CDROM на другой системе, к которой у вас есть подключение по сети,
+существует несколько способов чтобы сделать это:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Если у вас есть возможность установки FreeBSD через FTP непосредственно с CDROM на
+другом компьютере FreeBSD, это очень просто: убедитесь, что FTP сервер работает и
+добавьте следующую строку в файл паролей (используя <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>На компьютере, где вы производите установку, перейдите к меню Options и установите имя
+релиза в <var class="LITERAL">any</var>. Затем вы можете выбрать тип носителя <var
+class="LITERAL">FTP</var>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">machine</var></tt> после выбора ``URL'' в меню ftp сайтов.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Это позволит любому в локальной сети (или интернет) создавать
+``анонимные'' FTP соединения с этим компьютером, что может быть нежелательно.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Если вместо этого вы хотите использовать NFS для непосредственного экспорта
+содержимого CDROM на компьютер, с которого будет вестись установка, сначала потребуется
+добавить запись в файл <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (на компьютере, где
+находится привод CDROM). Пример ниже позволяет компьютеру <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> смонтировать CDROM во время установки непосредственно
+через NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>Конечно, компьютер с CDROM должен быть также настроен в качестве NFS сервера, и если
+вы не уверены как сделать это, NFS вероятно не лучший выбор для вас, пока вы не прочтете
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> и не
+настроите все правильно. Предполагая, что эта часть прошла нормально, вы должны ввести:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">cdrom-host</var>:/cdrom</tt> в качестве
+пути к NFS компьютеру, где находится дистрибутив, например <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN271" name="AEN271">1.5.2. Установка с дискет</a></h4>
+
+<p>Если вам необходимо выполнять установку с дискет, или из-за неподдерживаемого
+оборудования, или потому, что вам нравится делать все сложным способом, необходимо
+сначала подготовить дискеты.</p>
+
+<p>Сначала подготовьте дискеты, как описано в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Затем, внимательно прочтите <a href="#LAYOUT">Разд. 2</a> и обратите особое внимание
+на раздел ``Distribution Format'', поскольку он описывает файлы, которые необходимо
+поместить на дискеты и те, которые вы можете пропустить.</p>
+
+<p>Затем вам потребуется, как минимум, столько 1.44MB дискет, сколько необходимо для
+вмещения всех файлов из каталога <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+Если вы подготавливаете эти дискеты под DOS, они <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">должны</i></span> быть отформатированы с использованием команды MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. Если вы используете Windows, воспользуйтесь командой
+format из Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Зачастую диски поставляются уже отформатированными. Хотя это удобно,
+многие проблемы, о которых сообщали пользователи, стали причиной использования
+неправильно отформатированных носителей. Переформатируйте их самостоятельно, просто для
+уверенности.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Если вы создаете дискеты на другом компьютере с FreeBSD, форматирование все еще может
+потребоваться, хотя нет необходимости создавать файловую систему DOS на каждой дискете.
+Вы можете использовать команды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> для
+создания на дискетах файловой системы UFS, что проиллюстрировано в следующей
+последовательности команд:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>После форматирования дискет для DOS или UFS, вам потребуется скопировать на них файлы.
+Файлы дистрибутива разделены на части такого размера, чтобы на каждую дискету помещался
+один файл. Каждый дистрибутивный набор должен располагаться на дискете в своем
+собственном каталоге, т.е.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Файл <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> также необходимо поместить на
+первую дискету набора <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, поскольку он читается программой
+установки для определения количества дополнительных частей, которые необходимо объединить
+в дистрибутивный набор. При помещении дистрибутивных наборов на дискеты, файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">должен</i></span> помещаться на первую дискету каждого дистрибутивного
+набора.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Как только в программе установки появится экран Media, выберите ``Floppy'' и
+продолжайте установку.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN336" name="AEN336">1.5.4. Установка с QIC/SCSI ленты</a></h4>
+
+<p>При установке с ленты, программа установки предполагает, что файлы помещены на нее с
+помощью <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, поэтому
+после загрузки всех файлов дистрибутивных наборов, которые вам нужны, используйте <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> для помещения их на ленту с помощью примерно такой команды:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">/where/you/have/your/dists</var></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">dist1</var> .. <var class="REPLACEABLE">dist2</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>При установке вы также должны убедиться, что оставлено достаточно места во временном
+каталоге (который вам будет предложено выбрать) для помещения <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">полного</i></span> содержимого созданной ленты. В связи с невозможностью
+произвольного доступа к содержимого ленты, этот метод установки требует места во
+временном хранилище. Отведите столько места, сколько потребуется для распаковки
+дистрибутивных наборов, помещенных на ленту.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Для установки лента должна быть помещена в привод <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">до</i></span> загрузки с дискет. Иначе программа
+установки может не найти ее во время тестирования устройств.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Теперь создайте загрузочные дискеты, как описано в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a> и
+приступайте к установке.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. Установка по сети через FTP или
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>После создания загрузочных дискет, как описано в первом разделе, вы можете загрузить
+остальные файлы по сети, используя 3 типа соединения: последовательный порт, параллельный
+порт или Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN361" name="AEN361">1.5.5.1. Последовательный порт</a></h5>
+
+<p>Поддержка SLIP довольно примитивна, и ограничена в основном постоянными соединениями,
+такими как последовательный кабель между двумя компьютерами. Соединение должно быть
+постоянным, поскольку программа SLIP на данный момент не предоставляет возможности
+дозвона. Если вам требуется дозвон по модему или иной способ подготовки соединения перед
+его установкой, используйте PPP.</p>
+
+<p>При использовании PPP, убедитесь, что у вас есть IP адрес провайдера и сведения о DNS,
+так как они понадобятся на ранней стадии процесса установки. Вам также может
+потребоваться знать собственный IP адрес, поскольку PPP поддерживает динамическое
+согласование адресов и может получить эту информацию непосредственно от провайдера, если
+он предоставляет такую возможность.</p>
+
+<p>Вам также могут понадобиться сведения об использовании различных ``AT команд'' вашей
+модели модема, поскольку программа дозвона PPP предоставляет только очень простой
+эмулятор терминала.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN367" name="AEN367">1.5.5.2. Параллельный порт</a></h5>
+
+<p>Если доступно аппаратное подключение к другому компьютеру FreeBSD или Linux, вы можете
+также провести установку через параллельный ``laplink'' кабель. Скорость передачи данных
+через параллельный порт гораздо выше, чем это обычно возможно через последовательную
+линию (до 50к/сек), в результате установка проходит быстрее. Обычно не требуется
+использовать ``настоящий'' IP адрес при PPP соединении таким способом и вы можете
+использовать адреса RFC 1918 для концов соединения (например <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, и т.д.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Если вы используете компьютер с Linux, а не с FreeBSD в качестве
+удаленной стороны PLIP, потребуется также указать <var class="OPTION">link0</var> в окне
+настройки TCP/IP, поле ``extra options for ifconfig'', для обеспечения совместимости с
+несколько иначе реализованным PLIP протоколом Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN378" name="AEN378">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD поддерживает большинство широко распространенных карт Ethernet; таблица
+совместимых карт является частью информации об оборудовании (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> в меню Documentation на загрузочной дискете или в
+корневом каталоге CDROM). Если вы используете одну из поддерживаемых PCMCIA Ethernet
+карт, убедитесь также, что она подключена <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">до</i></span> включения лэптопа. К сожалению, FreeBSD не поддерживает
+определение PCMCIA карт ``на ходу'' во время установки.</p>
+
+<p>Вам также потребуется узнать ваш IP адрес в сети, сетевую маску для вашей подсети, и
+имя вашего компьютера. Ваш системный администратор может подсказать вам, какие значения
+подойдут для данной настройки. Если вы будете обращаться к другим хостам по имени вместо
+IP адреса, вам также потребуется сервер имен и возможно адрес шлюза (если вы используете
+PPP, это IP адрес вашего провайдера). Если вы хотите выполнить установку с FTP через HTTP
+прокси (см. ниже), потребуется также адрес прокси.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы не знаете ответа на эти вопросы, вам возможно лучше поговорить с системным
+администратором <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">перед</i></span> началом этого
+типа установки. Использование произвольно выбираемых IP адресов или сетевых маск в
+действующей сети почти наверняка не будет работать и возможно вам придется выслушать
+лекцию от рассерженного системного администратора.</p>
+
+<p>Как только вы настроили какой-либо тип сетевого подключения, установка может быть
+продолжена через NFS или FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN388" name="AEN388">1.5.5.4. Советы по установке через
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>Установка через NFS довольно проста: скопируйте необходимые файлы дистрибутива FreeBSD
+куда-либо на сервер и укажите на них при выборе NFS типа носителя.</p>
+
+<p>Если этот сервер поддерживает доступ только через ``привилегированные порты'' (обычно
+это режим по умолчанию для рабочих станций Sun и Linux), вам может потребоваться
+установить соответствующий параметр в меню Options перед началом установки.</p>
+
+<p>Если ваша Ethernet карта плохого качества и скорость передачи данных очень низка, вы
+возможно также захотите установить соответствующий флаг в Options.</p>
+
+<p>Для установки через NFS, сервер также должен поддерживать ``subdir mounts'', т.е. если
+каталог вашего дистрибутива FreeBSD находится в <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+должен позволять непосредственное монтирование <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, а не только <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> или <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>В файле FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> это поведение управляется
+параметром <var class="OPTION">-alldirs</var>. Другие сервера NFS могут иметь другие
+соглашения. Если вы получаете сообщения сервера <var class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</var>, скорее всего эта возможность не включена.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN405" name="AEN405">1.5.5.5. Советы по установке через
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP установка может быть выполнена с любого зеркалирующего сервера, содержащего свежую
+версию FreeBSD. Полный список, позволяющий выбрать зеркало почти для любого региона мира,
+появляется во время установки через FTP.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы выполняете установку с FTP сайта, не входящего в этот список, или существует
+проблема с настройкой сервера имен, вы можете также задать собственный URL путем выбора
+``URL'' в этом меню. URL может содержать имя хоста или IP адрес, так что при отсутствии
+сервера имен подойдет URL вроде этого:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/sparc64/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>Существует три типа FTP установки, которые вы можете использовать:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: Этот метод использует стандартный ``активный'' режим передачи данных, в котором
+сервер устанавливает соединение с клиентом. Этот метод не будет работать через
+большинство брандмауэров, но зачастую лучше работает со старыми FTP серверами, которые не
+поддерживают пассивный режим. Если соединение обрывается в пассивном режиме, попробуйте
+этот режим.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: Устанавливает ``пассивный'' режим, который не позволяет серверу
+устанавливать соединение с клиентом. Этот параметр отлично подходит пользователям,
+находящимся за брандмауэрами, которые не разрешают входящих соединений по произвольным
+адресам портов.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP через HTTP прокси: Этот параметр указывает FreeBSD использовать HTTP для
+выполнения через прокси всех FTP операций. Прокси будет транслировать запросы и
+отправлять их серверу FTP. Это позволяет пользователю проходить через брандмауэры,
+которые вообще не разрешают использование FTP, но предоставляют HTTP прокси. Вы должны
+указать имя хоста прокси в дополнение к FTP серверу.</p>
+
+<p>В редких случаях, когда FTP прокси не работает через HTTP, вы можете указать URL
+примерно так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">port</var>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>В URL выше, <var class="REPLACEABLE">port</var> это номер порта FTP прокси
+сервера.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN454" name="AEN454">1.6. Вопросы и ответы для пользователей
+UltraSPARC</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. Содержимое дистрибутива</a></h2>
+
+<p>Типичный каталог дистрибутива FreeBSD выглядит примерно так (детали могут отличаться в
+зависимости от версии, архитектуры, и других факторов):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>Если вы хотите выполнить CDROM, FTP или NFS установку из этого каталога, все, что
+потребуется, это сделать 1.44MB загрузочные дискеты (см. <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд.
+1.3</a>), загрузиться с них и следовать инструкциям. Остальные файлы, необходимые для
+установки, будут получены автоматически на основе вашего выбора. Если вы никогда раньше
+не устанавливали FreeBSD, потребуется также полностью прочитать этот документ (файл
+инструкций по установке).</p>
+
+<p>Если вы хотите выполнить установку другого типа, или хотите узнать больше об
+организации дистрибутива, вам поможет нижеследующая более детальная информация:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>Файлы <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> содержат
+документацию (например, этот документ находится в <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> и
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), их необходимо прочесть перед началом установки.
+Файлы <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> это простой текст, а файлы <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> это HTML файлы, которые могут быть просмотрены практически
+любым веб браузером. Некоторые дистрибутивы могут также содержать документацию в других
+форматах, таких как PDF или PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> это файл Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+используемый некоторыми веб браузерами для форматирования HTML документации.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, и <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> содержат основные
+компоненты дистрибутива FreeBSD и разделены на небольшие файлы, которые могут поместиться
+на дискеты (если это потребуется).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, и <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> содержат
+дистрибутивные наборы совместимости со старыми релизами и находятся в одиночных
+упакованных gzip tar файлах -- они могут быть установлены во время установки релиза или
+позже путем запуска соответствующих скриптов <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>В каталоге <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> находятся образы загрузочных дискет;
+дальнейшая информация по их использованию дана в <a href="#FLOPPIES">Разд. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Каталоги <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> содержат
+коллекцию пакетов и портов FreeBSD. Пакеты могут быть установлены из каталога <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> следующей командой:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Пакеты также могут быть установлены путем задания отдельных имен пакетов в каталоге
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ команде <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Коллекция портов может быть установлена как любой другой дистрибутивный набор и
+требует около 190MB места. Дальнейшая информация по коллекции портов может быть получена
+с <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> или локально из <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> если вы установили дистрибутивный набор <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Наконец, каталог <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> содержит различные утилиты DOS для
+определения геометрии диска, установки загрузочных менеджеров и т.п. Эти утилиты
+опциональны и предоставляются только для удобства пользователей.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Типичный дистрибутивный каталог (например, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) изнутри
+выглядит примерно так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> содержит контрольные суммы MD5 для каждого
+файла, которые помогают определить не поврежден ли файл. Он не используется программой
+установки и его не требуется копировать вместе с остальными файлами набора. Файлы <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> это части упакованного gzip tar файла, содержимое которого
+может быть просмотрено так:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Во время установки эти части автоматически объединяются и извлекаются программой
+установки.</p>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> также необходим, поскольку он читается
+программой установки для определения числа частей, которые необходимо объединить в
+дистрибутивный набор. При помещении дистрибутивных наборов на дискеты, файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">должен</i></span>
+быть помещен на первую дискету каждого дистрибутивного набора!</p>
+
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> это еще один не-необходимый файл,
+предоставляемый для информации. Он содержит контрольные суммы MD5 для <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">распакованных</i></span> дистрибутивных файлов и в
+дальнейшем может использоваться программой <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> для
+проверки возможного изменения файлов. Использование этого файла из набора <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> это хороший способ обнаружения троянских атак на вашу
+систему.</p>
+
+<p>Наконец, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> предназначен для тех, кто хочет
+установить дистрибутивный набор после установки системы. Например, для установки набора
+info с CDROM после установки системы, вы можете выполнить:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. Обновление FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Эта инструкция описывает процедуру бинарного обновления с предыдущих версий
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Хотя процедура обновления FreeBSD предпринимает все меры для
+предотвращения потери данных, все еще более чем возможно <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">потерять все содержимое жесткого диска</i></span> во время обновления!
+Пожалуйста, не подтверждайте установку без наличия резервной копии всех важных
+файлов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Здесь предполагается, что вы используете <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+поставляемую с той версией FreeBSD, до которой вы хотите обновиться. Использование другой
+версии <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+это почти гарантия возникновения проблем, система будет приведена в неработоспособное
+состояние. Наиболее часто совершаемая в этом случае ошибка -- это использование старой
+копии <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> из
+существующей системы для обновления FreeBSD до новой версии. Это <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">не</i></span> рекомендуется.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Бинарное обновление до FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE с FreeBSD 4-STABLE на
+данный момент не поддерживается. В FreeBSD 4-STABLE есть несколько файлов, наличие
+которых может быть разрушительно, но они не удаляются бинарным обновлением. Один
+известный пример это старый каталог <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, наличие
+которого приводит неправильной компиляции C++ программ (или они не компилируются
+вообще).</p>
+
+<p>Эти инструкции по обновлению предоставляются для пользователей, обновляющихся с
+относительно свежих FreeBSD 5-STABLE снэпшотов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN678" name="AEN678">3.1. Введение</a></h3>
+
+<p>Процедура обновления заменяет выбранные пользователем дистрибутивные наборы на наборы
+из нового релиза FreeBSD. Она сохраняет файлы настройки системы, как и данные
+пользователя, установленные пакеты и другое программное обеспечение.</p>
+
+<p>Администраторам, выполняющим обновление, предлагается изучить этот раздел полностью
+перед началом обновления.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN682" name="AEN682">3.1.1. Обзор обновления</a></h4>
+
+<p>Обновление дистрибутива производится путем извлечения новой версии компонентов поверх
+предыдущей версии. Файлы, принадлежащие старому дистрибутиву, не удаляются.</p>
+
+<p>Настройки системы сохраняются путем сохранения и восстановления предыдущей версии
+следующих файлов:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>Версии этих файлов, соответствующие новой версии системы, перемещаются в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. Системный администратор может объединить эти версии
+если требуется. Обратите внимание, что многие из этих файлов взаимно зависимы, и лучшая
+процедура объединения -- это копирование специфичных данных из старых версий файлов в
+новые.</p>
+
+<p>Во время процедуры обновления у администратора запрашивается место для сохранения
+файлов из <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. Если в используемые файлы будут внесены
+изменения, они могут быть последовательно восстановлены из этого каталога.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN756" name="AEN756">3.2. Процедура</a></h3>
+
+<p>Этот раздел описывает детали процедуры обновления. Особое внимание уделено моментам,
+которые существенно отличаются от обычной установки.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN759" name="AEN759">3.2.1. Резервное копирование</a></h4>
+
+<p>Данные пользователей и настройки системы должны быть сохранены перед обновлением. Хотя
+процедура обновления делает все для предотвращения случайных ошибок, возможно частичное
+или полное уничтожение данных и настроечной информации.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN762" name="AEN762">3.2.2. Монтирование файловых
+систем</a></h4>
+
+<p>Запускается редактор дисковых разделов со списком устройств имеющихся файловых систем.
+Перед началом обновления администратор должен обратить внимание имена устройств и
+соответствующие точки монтирования. Эти точки монтирования должны быть введены здесь.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Не</i></span> устанавливайте ``newfs flag''
+для файловых систем, поскольку это приведет к потере данных.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN767" name="AEN767">3.2.3. Выбор дистрибутивных
+наборов</a></h4>
+
+<p>На выбор дистрибутивных наборов не накладывается ограничений. Общее правило состоит в
+том, что для обновления должен быть выбран дистрибутивный набор <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>, и <var class="LITERAL">man</var> если страницы справочника
+уже установлены. Другие дистрибутивные наборы могут быть позже, если администратор
+захочет добавить дополнительные возможности.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. После установки</a></h4>
+
+<p>После завершения процедуры установки администратору предлагается проверить новые файлы
+настройки. В этот момент должна быть выполнена проверка правильности настроек системы. В
+частности, необходимо проверить файлы <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN777" name="AEN777">3.3. Обновление из исходных
+текстов</a></h3>
+
+<p>Для тех, кто интересуется более гибким и ``интеллектуальным'' методом обновления,
+существует глава Руководства FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">На переднем крае разработок</a>. Эта процедура относится к пересборке
+FreeBSD из исходных текстов. Она требует хорошего сетевого подключения, свободного места
+на диске и времени, но имеет преимущества при сетевых и других более сложных установках.
+Это та же процедура, что используется для отслеживания ветвей разработки -STABLE или
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> содержит важную информацию по обновлению
+системы FreeBSD из исходных текстов. В нем отражены различные вопросы, относящиеся к
+изменениям в FreeBSD, которые могут повлиять на обновление.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. Решение проблем</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. Восстановление существующей
+установки FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD предоставляет опцию ``Fixit'' в верхнем меню загрузочной дискеты. Для ее
+использования вам потребуется или дискета с <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+созданная тем же способом, что и загрузочная дискета, или ``live filesystem'' CDROM;
+обычно это второй CDROM в многодисковом дистрибутиве FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Для запуска fixit загрузите дискету <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>, выберите
+``Fixit'' из меню и вставьте fixit дискету или CDROM после приглашения. Появится оболочка
+с множеством команд (в каталогах <tt class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>) для проверки, восстановления и просмотра файловых
+систем и их содержимого. Для использования этой возможности <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">требуется</i></span> некоторый опыт администрирования UNIX.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN798" name="AEN798">4.2. Проблемы, с которыми наиболее часто
+сталкиваются пользователи архитектуры UltraSPARC</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6f1cde1c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation.html
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
+  <head>
+    <title>Инструкции по установке FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
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+        </div>
+        <div id="content">
+          <div id="sidewrap">
+            <div id="sidenav">
+              <h2 class="blockhide">Навигация по разделу</h2>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../where.html">Получить FreeBSD</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../releases/">Информация о релизах</a>
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>Продуктивный релиз: <a href="../../../releases/12.0R/announce.html">12.0</a><a href="../../../releases/11.2R/announce.html">11.2</a></li>
+                    <li>(Старый) Продуктивный релиз: <a href="../../../releases/10.2R/announce.html">10.2</a></li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a href="../../snapshots/">Снэпшот-релизы</a>
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../ports/">Портированные приложения</a>
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div id="contentwrap"><h1>Инструкции по установке FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</h1>
+
+  <p>Инструкции по установке FreeBSD публикуются отдельно для каждой
+    платформы, поскольку процедуры установки FreeBSD сильно зависят
+    от аппаратной платформы.</p>
+
+  <p>Инструкции по установке FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE доступны для следующих
+    платформ:</p>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="installation-alpha.html" shape="rect">alpha</a></li>
+    <li><a href="installation-amd64.html" shape="rect">amd64</a></li>
+    <li><a href="installation-i386.html" shape="rect">i386</a></li>
+    <li><a href="installation-ia64.html" shape="rect">ia64</a></li>
+    <li><a href="installation-pc98.html" shape="rect">pc98</a></li>
+    <li><a href="installation-sparc64.html" shape="rect">sparc64</a></li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <p>Список всех платформ, находящихся в разработке, опубликован
+    на странице <a href="../../platforms/index.html" shape="rect">Поддерживаемых
+    платформ</a>.</p>
+
+  </div>
+          <br class="clearboth" />
+        </div>
+        <div id="footer"><span><a href="../../search/index-site.html">Карта сайта</a> |
+  <a href="../../copyright/">Условия использования</a> | © 1995-2014
+  Проект FreeBSD. Все права защищены.</span><br />
+      Last modified:  2013-11-13</div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Руководство по миграции на FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Руководство по миграции на FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<div class="AUTHORGROUP"><a id="AEN4" name="AEN4"></a>
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Группа подготовки релизов FreeBSD</h3>
+</div>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2002, 2003, 2004 Группа подготовки релизов
+FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/early-adopter/article.sgml,v
+1.5.2.2 2004/10/08 09:26:12 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
+<p>FreeBSD это зарегистрированная торговая марка Wind River Systems, Inc. Ожидается, что
+в скором времени это изменится.</p>
+
+<p>Apple, FireWire, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, Quicktime, и TrueType это торговые марки
+Apple Computer, Inc., зарегистрированные в Соединенных Штатах и других странах.</p>
+
+<p>IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, и ThinkPad это торговые
+марки International Business Machines Corporation в Соединенных Штатах, других странах,
+или по всему миру.</p>
+
+<p>IEEE, POSIX, и 802 это зарегистрированные торговые марки Institute of Electrical and
+Electronics Engineers, Inc. в Соединенных Штатах.</p>
+
+<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, и Xeon это торговые марки
+или зарегистрированные торговые марки Intel Corporation или ее дочерних компаний в
+Соединенных Штатах и других странах.</p>
+
+<p>Microsoft, FrontPage, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media и Windows
+NT это или зарегистрированные торговые марки или торговые марки Microsoft Corporation в
+Соединенных Штатах и/или других странах.</p>
+
+<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, и UltraSPARC это торговые марки SPARC International, Inc
+в Соединенных Штатах и других странах. Продукты с торговой маркой SPARC основаны на
+архитектуре, разработанной Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>Многие из обозначений, используемые производителями и продавцами для обозначения своих
+продуктов, заявляются в качестве торговых марок. Когда такие обозначения появляются в
+этом документе, и Проекту FreeBSD известно о торговой марке, к обозначению добавляется
+знак ``(TM)'' или ``(R)''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN23" name="AEN23"></a>
+<p>Эта статья описывает основные отличия между FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>
+и FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE с точки зрения пользователей или администраторов, обновляющих
+существующую систему. В ней дан краткий обзор процесса подготовки релизов FreeBSD. Кроме
+того, описаны некоторые новые возможности FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, а
+также некоторые изменения, которые могут быть интересны пользователям, привыкшим работать
+с серией релизов 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. Эта статья описывает также процедуры
+обновления существующих систем, как бинарного, так и из исходных текстов. Более ранние
+версии этой статьи публиковались в релизах FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> как
+``Руководство для новых пользователей FreeBSD''.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE начинает новую серию релизов ``FreeBSD-STABLE''. Этот и
+последующие релизы серии 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> предназначены для применения
+в реальных задачах практически так же, как и предыдущая серия релизов 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Эта статья многие темы и вопросы, связанные с обновлением 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> до 5.3-RELEASE. Она начинается с краткого обзора существующей
+практики подготовки релизов, а затем описывает некоторые из новых возможностей, доступных
+в серии FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. В возможно наиболее важном разделе
+приводятся основные изменения, видимые пользователю, или изменения во внешних интерфейсах
+программ. Наконец, приводятся заметки по обновлению установленной системы FreeBSD 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> до FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE, бинарному или из исходных
+текстов.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="RELEASE-OVERVIEW" name="RELEASE-OVERVIEW">2. Обзор процесса
+выпуска релизов FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD использует модель разработки, основанную на наличии множества ветвей в
+репозитории исходных текстов. Основная ветвь называется ``CURRENT'', и в репозитории CVS
+она означает тег <var class="LITERAL">HEAD</var>. Новые возможности сначала вносятся в
+эту ветвь; хотя CURRENT первой получает новую функциональность, это также означает, что
+она периодически страдает от нарушений работоспособности при добавлении и отладке новых
+возможностей.</p>
+
+<p>Большинство релизов FreeBSD выпускаются из одной или нескольких ветвей ``STABLE''. В
+эти ветви возможности добавляются только после некоторого тестирования в CURRENT.
+Последние два года только одна ветвь STABLE, известная как ``4-STABLE'', находилась в
+активной разработке, и все релизы FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> были
+выпущены из нее. В репозитории CVS тег этой ветви <var
+class="LITERAL">RELENG_4</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Последние две стабильные ветви (3-STABLE and 4-STABLE) были созданы на самых ранних
+стадиях цикла разработки (при выпуске 3.1 и 4.0 соответственно). Эта практика не дает
+достаточно времени для стабилизации CURRENT перед созданием новых ветвей. Это приводит к
+потере времени на усилия по портированию исправлений между ветвями, а также на внесение
+некоторые архитектурных изменений, которые вообще не могут быть портированы между
+ветвями.</p>
+
+<p>Поэтому группа подготовки релизов создаст ветвь 5-STABLE в репозитории CVS только
+после достижения относительно стабильного состояния. Перед этим будет выпущено несколько
+релизов из серии 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>; мы ожидаем создания 5-STABLE
+приблизительно во время выпуска 5.3-RELEASE.</p>
+
+<p>С релизами 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> произошло несколько иначе. FreeBSD 5.0,
+5.1, и 5.2 были основаны на ветви CURRENT. Первый из этих релизов был выпущен после двух
+лет разработки (до него последним релизом из HEAD была FreeBSD 4.0 в марте 2000
+года).</p>
+
+<p>В отличие от предыдущих ветвей ``STABLE'', ветвь ``5-STABLE'' (с тегом ветви <var
+class="LITERAL">RELENG_5</var>) была создана в CVS более чем через год после первого
+релиза 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> (а именно, в процессе подготовки релиза 5.3).
+Эта задержка дала команде разработчиков время для завершения необходимых архитектурных
+изменений, стабилизацию системы, завершения работы над различными интерфейсами, и
+создания хорошей основы для последующих релизов 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Помимо общих улучшений и исправлений ошибок, основной приоритет для разработки ветви
+5-STABLE это сохранение совместимости Application Binary Interface (ABI) и Application
+Program Interface (API). Любые изменения, которые могут нарушить обратную совместимость
+(включая интерфейсы ядра или библиотек), не приветствуются и не принимаются, за
+исключением случаев, когда они необходимы для решения критической проблемы.</p>
+
+<p>Следующим релизом из CURRENT скорее всего станет 6.0-RELEASE, созданный из CVS <var
+class="LITERAL">HEAD</var>. Еще не существует определенной даты для 6.0, как для релиза
+5.3, хотя и ожидается, что 6.0 будет выпущен в 2006 году.</p>
+
+<p>Ограниченная разработка продолжится в ветви 4-STABLE, и из нее будет выпущен как
+минимум еще один релиз (4.11), запланированный после 5.3-RELEASE. Для особо
+консервативных пользователей возможно имеет смысл продолжить использование релизов 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> еще некоторое время. Группа Офицеров Безопасности <code
+class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:security-officer@FreeBSD.org">security-officer@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code>
+продолжит поддержку релизов, выпущенных из ветви 4-STABLE в соответствии с
+опубликованными политиками, которые можно найти на <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/security/index.html" target="_top">странице
+безопасности</a> веб сайта FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Дополнительную информацию по процессу создания релизов FreeBSD можно найти на <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html" target="_top">веб страницы выпуска
+релизов</a> и в статье <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/releng/index.html"
+target="_top">``Выпуск релизов FreeBSD''</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">3. Новые возможности</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> привлекает большим количеством новых
+возможностей, которые обычно вызывают серьезные архитектурные изменения, которые не могут
+быть портированы обратно в ветвь разработки FreeBSD 4-STABLE (напротив, множество
+автономных расширений, таких как новые драйвера устройств или обновления утилит
+пользователя, уже были портированы). Краткий, но не исчерпывающий список включает:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMPng: ``Новое поколение'' поддержки Symmetric MultiProcessor (SMP) компьютеров.
+Продолжается работа над ``fine-grained locking'' различных подсистем ядра для увеличения
+количества потоков выполнения, которые могут работать в ядре. Особое внимание было
+уделено производительности сетевого стека.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KSE: Kernel Scheduled Entities позволяют одному процессу иметь несколько потоков
+уровня ядра, подобно Scheduler Activations. Библиотеки потоков <tt
+class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">libthr</tt> делают эти
+возможности доступными многопоточным программам пользователя через API <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pthread&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pthread</span>(3)</span></a>. <tt
+class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt> теперь является библиотекой потоков по умолчанию.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Новые архитектуры: Поддержка архитектур amd64, ia64, pc98 и sparc64 в дополнение к
+i386 и alpha. Другие платформы, включая powerpc (которая работает на многих <span
+class="TRADEMARK">PowerPC</span>(R) <span class="TRADEMARK">Macintosh</span>(R)) и
+arm, находятся в разработке.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GCC: Набор инструментов компилятора теперь основан на 3.4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, вместо GCC 2.95.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MAC: Поддержка расширяемых, загружаемых политик Mandatory Access Control
+(принудительный контроль доступа).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GEOM: Гибкая, модульная подсистема трансформации запросов ввода/вывода на диск. Эта
+система поддерживает множество возможностей, относящихся к дискам и томам, таких как:
+Определение дисковых разделов, шифрование посредством <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gbde&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gbde</span>(4)</span></a>,
+различные уровни RAID, сетевой экспорт дисковых устройств (с <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggated&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggated</span>(8)</span></a>
+относящимися к нему утилитами), а также прозрачное разжатие дисков.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FFS: Файловая система FFS теперь поддерживает фоновые операции <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> (для
+более быстрого восстановления после сбоев) и снэпшоты файловой системы.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UFS2: Был добавлен новый дисковый формат UFS2, поддерживающий расширенные файловые
+атрибуты и большие размеры файлов. UFS2 теперь формат по умолчанию для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>. На
+всех платформах, за исключением pc98, файловые системы, созданные из <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+используют UFS2 по умолчанию.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Новые сетевые возможности: Множество новых сетевых возможностей впервые появились в
+релизах 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, включая поддержку TCP SACK (selective
+acknowledgements), пакетный фильтр <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a> из OpenBSD, и
+систему управления пакетами ALTQ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Поддержка нового оборудования: Поддержка новых аппаратных устройств, таких как
+Cardbus, Bluetooth и сетевых интерфейсов IEEE 802.11a/b/g, основанных на чипсетах
+Atheros. Кроме того, для архитектуры i386, некоторые сетевые устройства, не
+поддерживаемые явно драйверами FreeBSD, могут поддерживаться с использованием драйверов
+для <span class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R) и уровня совместимости <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndis</span>(4)</span></a> от
+поставщика оборудования.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Более полный список новых возможностей можно найти в информации о различных релизах
+FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="DRAWBACKS" name="DRAWBACKS">4. Наиболее заметные
+изменения</a></h2>
+
+<p>Некоторые из различий между FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> и 5.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> заслуживают особого упоминания, поскольку они включают
+серьезные архитектурные изменения, или нарушение обратной совместимости. Хотя эти
+изменения скорее всего не приведут к потере данных, они могут стать проблемой для тех,
+кто к ним не готов. Некоторые примеры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Некоторые части функциональности базовой системы FreeBSD были перенесены в коллекцию
+портов FreeBSD, обычно вследствие того, что их проще поддерживать в этой форме, или
+поскольку они на самом деле не являются необходимой частью базовой системы. Наиболее
+заметный пример такого переноса это <b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> (доступный из
+коллекции портов FreeBSD через порт <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5.8/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">lang/perl5.8</tt></a>), наличие которого в базовой системе делало
+обновление проблематичным. Утилиты базовой системы, написанные на <b
+class="APPLICATION">Perl</b>, были или переписаны или удалены (если они более не
+нужны).</p>
+
+<p>Другие примеры включают <b class="APPLICATION">UUCP</b> (доступный из коллекции портов
+как <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/freebsd-uucp/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/freebsd-uucp</tt></a>), утилиту <tt class="COMMAND">doscmd</tt> (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a>), и многие из традиционных игр (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/games/freebsd-games/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">games/freebsd-games</tt></a>).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Изменения в структурах данных ядра и ABI/API означает необходимость модификации
+множества бинарных драйверов устройств сторонних поставщиков для корректной работы в
+FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. В некоторых (редких) случаях изменены видимые
+пользователю структуры данных, что требует перекомпиляции приложений или переустановки
+портов/пакетов. Как и с серией релизов 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, целью команды
+разработки FreeBSD является недопущение внесения несовместимых изменений в будущие релизы
+ветви 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Недостаток интереса со стороны пользователей и отсутствие поддержки некоторых частей
+базовой системы FreeBSD привело к утере их работоспособности. Эти части были удалены.
+Например, так случилось с исполняемыми файлами <tt class="FILENAME">a.out</tt>, <a
+id="AEN161" name="AEN161" href="#FTN.AEN161"><span class="footnote">[1]</span></a>
+поддержкой сетей XNS и драйвером X-10. Многие другие драйверы для старых ISA устройств
+стали неработоспособны и были удалены. Дополнительные подробности находятся в информации
+о релизе.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>В FreeBSD/i386 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> настройка ISA устройств вносилась в
+конфигурацию ядра. Ее можно было изменить во время загрузки через интерактивную утилиту
+<b class="APPLICATION">UserConfig</b>. В FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> оба
+этих механизма были заменены механизмом <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=device.hints&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">device.hints</span>(5)</span></a>,
+который делает ненужным жесткое задание параметров настройки ISA в ядре. Настройка ISA
+устройств во время загрузки более не управляется через меню, вместо этого вводятся
+параметры в приглашение командной строки загрузчика.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">MAKEDEV</tt> более не существует и не требуется. FreeBSD 5.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> использует файловую систему устройств, которая автоматически
+создает файлы устройств по мере необходимости. Настройка файловой системы устройств может
+быть выполнена посредством утилиты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(8)</span></a> или
+через механизм <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/devfs.conf</tt>. Дополнительная информация
+находится на странице справочной системы <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UFS2 стал дисковым форматом по умолчанию для файловых систем, созданных с
+использованием <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>. Для
+всех платформ за исключением pc98 это также формат по умолчанию файловых систем,
+созданных с использованием экрана разметки в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+Поскольку FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> распознает только UFS1 (и не
+распознает UFS2), дисковые разделы, к которым необходимо получать доступ и из 5.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> и из 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, должны быть созданы
+с UFS1. Этот формат может быть выбран параметром <var class="OPTION">-O1</var> для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>, или
+через экран разметки диска в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+Эта ситуация обычно возникает на компьютере, где одновременно присутствуют FreeBSD 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. Обратите
+внимание, что не существует способа преобразования файловых системы между этими двумя
+форматами (кроме резервного копирования, пересоздания файловой системы и восстановления с
+резервной копии).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Вследствие обновления компилятора <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b>, программы на C++ как
+правило требуют перекомпиляции и переустановки. Это требование возникло вследствие
+изменений в C++ ABI.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Запуск приложений, скомпилированных для FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>,
+может быть возможен посредством дистрибутива <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> (или
+эквивалентного порта/пакета <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/compat4x/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/compat4x</tt></a>). Однако, если какой-либо порт или пакет в
+системе требует обновления, рекомендуется пересборка и переустановка <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">всех</i></span> установленных в системе портов. Это
+предотвратит проблемы, которые могут появиться с программами, использующими некоторую
+комбинацию старых и новых библиотек. Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a> может помочь при переустановке портов.</p>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что в любом случае существует несколько примеров обратной
+несовместимости. Например, порты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs2</tt></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/postfix/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">mail/postfix</tt></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/cfs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">security/cfs</tt></a> необходимо перекомпилировать вследствие изменений
+в структуре <var class="LITERAL">statfs</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Файл настройки разрешения имен <tt class="FILENAME">host.conf</tt> был замещен на
+(гораздо более общий) механизм настройки сервисов имен <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsswitch.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsswitch.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> был обновлен с версии 8 до версии 9. Между BIND 8 и 9
+существует множество различий. Пользователям, для которых наличие <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a>
+необходимо, рекомендуется прочесть документацию по мигрированию в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/bind9/misc/migration</tt>. Доступно также новое
+руководство в <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/bind9/arm</tt>. На системах, где
+работает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a>, теперь
+он по умолчанию запускается в среде <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(8)</span></a> в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. Пользователям, у которых конфигурация <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> уже
+расположена <tt class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>, рекомендуется сделать резервную копию
+этого каталога перед обновлением, чтобы избежать ее перезаписи стартовым скриптом <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Реализация X Window System от <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> устанавливается для
+FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> по умолчанию начиная с 5.3-RELEASE. На момент
+написания данного текста, <b class="APPLICATION"><span
+class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span>&#8482;</b> остается по умолчанию в FreeBSD 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. Дополнительную информацию по различию между версиями, а
+также информацию по обновлению существующих систем можно найти в главе <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/x11.html" target="_top">X
+Window System</a> Руководства FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Документация (такая как <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/index.html"
+target="_top">Руководство</a> FreeBSD и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/index.html"
+target="_top">FAQ</a>) все еще находится в процессе обновления, чтобы соответствовать
+изменениям, недавно внесенным в FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Дополнительная информация находится в документации на релиз к различным релизам
+FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, а также в файле <tt
+class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> из дерева исходных текстов FreeBSD. Значительные
+изменения в коллекции портов FreeBSD приводятся в файлах <tt
+class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">ports/CHANGES</tt> из дерева
+портов.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">5. Заметки по обновлению с FreeBSD
+4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var></a></h2>
+
+<p>Для пользователей системы FreeBSD этот раздел предоставляет несколько заметок по
+обновлению FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> до 5.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. Как и при любом обновлении FreeBSD, необходимо прочесть
+информацию о релизе и список исправлений к новому релизу, а также <tt
+class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> при обновлении из исходных текстов.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN274" name="AEN274">5.1. Бинарные обновления</a></h3>
+
+<p>Возможно наиболее прямой способ это ``сохранить все, переформатировать,
+переустановить, и восстановить данные пользователя''. Это исключает проблемы с
+несовместимыми или отсутствующими в новой версии исполняемыми файлами и файлами
+настройки, захламляющими новую систему. Это позволяет создать новые файловые системы с
+новой функциональностью (наиболее значимая -- UFS2 по умолчанию).</p>
+
+<p>На момент написания этого текста, опция бинарного обновления в меню <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> не
+была достаточно протестирована для обновлений между основными ветвями. Использование этой
+возможности не рекомендуется.</p>
+
+<p>Некоторые изменения могут быть интересны пользователям, которые знакомы с загрузочными
+дискетами FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. Загрузочные дискеты (на платформах,
+которые их поддерживают, например на i386), организованы несколько по-другому, чем в
+предыдущих релизах. В релизах 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> набор дискет включал
+урезанное ядро, достаточное лишь для того, чтобы установить систему. Это позволяло ядру
+уместиться на одну дискету, но не позволяло поместить в него драйверы, необходимые для
+определенных аппаратных конфигураций. Начиная с 5.3-RELEASE, на установочных дискетах
+находится стандартное ядро <var class="LITERAL">GENERIC</var>, распределенное на
+несколько дискет, с гораздо большим набором драйверов и возможностей. Загрузчик просит
+вставить дополнительные диски по мере необходимости. Пользователям, загружающим образы
+дискет (возможно для установки по сети), необходимо обратить внимание на то, что набор
+теперь включает три дискеты: <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">kern1.flp</tt>, и <tt class="FILENAME">kern2.flp</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Установочные CDROM для архитектуры <span class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>&#8482; теперь
+используют ``не-эмулирующий'' загрузчик. Это позволяет, помимо прочего, использовать <var
+class="LITERAL">GENERIC</var> ядро вместо урезанного ядра на дискетах предыдущих версий.
+Как правило, любая система, способная загрузиться с установочных компакт дисков <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span> <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows NT</span>(R) 4, <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> 2000, или <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> XP должна быть способна загрузиться с компакт
+дисков 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN298" name="AEN298">5.2. Обновление из исходных
+текстов</a></h3>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Многие и пользователи обнаружили, что проще всего сделать резервное
+копирование данных и файлов настройки (благоразумное предостережение для любого случая),
+выполнить обычную установку и восстановить данные. В отличие от обновления из исходных
+текстов, в этом случае не требуется заботиться об оставшихся на диске файлах и
+программах, и позволяет воспользоваться преимуществами новой файловой системы UFS2.</p>
+
+<p>Пользователи, не знакомые с процедурами <var class="LITERAL">buildworld</var>/<var
+class="LITERAL">installworld</var> обновления FreeBSD из исходных текстов, <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">не</i></span> должны пытаться выполнить такое
+обновление, вместо этого рекомендуется выполнить обычную установку после резервного
+копирования всех данных.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>При обновлении из исходных текстов на локальной машине собираются и устанавливаются
+бинарные файлы. Это обновление основано на процедуре <var
+class="LITERAL">buildworld</var>/<var class="LITERAL">installworld</var>, часто
+используемой опытными пользователями FreeBSD для отслеживания изменений в ветви
+разработки (такой как FreeBSD-STABLE или FreeBSD-CURRENT). Как правило, это более сложная
+процедура, чем бинарное обновление, но она может быть полезна если файлы настройки
+системы сложны или серьезно модифицированы под имеющуюся установку. Обновление из
+исходных текстов также может быть полезно, когда у администратора есть удаленный доступ к
+консоли, но нет физического доступа (и следовательно нет возможности вставить
+установочный диск).</p>
+
+<p>Прочтение <tt class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> абсолютно необходимо. Раздел,
+озаглавленный ``To upgrade in-place from 4.x-stable to current'' содержит пошаговую
+процедуру обновления, которая должна быть в точности выполнена, без ``сокращений'',
+которые зачастую применяют некоторые пользователи. Сокращенный список этих шагов приведен
+ниже:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>Сделайте резервные копии.</p>
+
+<p>Важность этого шага невозможно переоценить. Необходимо сделать резервные копии всех
+данных пользователя и файлов настройки. Прекрасно подходит для этого <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> нулевого
+уровня, хотя конечно существует множество работоспособных альтернатив.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Убедитесь, что в файловой системе <tt class="FILENAME">/</tt> присутствует около 30MB
+свободного места.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> требуется больше места, чем FreeBSD 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. Если каталог <tt class="FILENAME">/tmp</tt> расположен в
+файловой системе <tt class="FILENAME">/</tt> (а зачастую это так), удаление всего
+содержимого этого каталога может помочь высвободить место.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Подправьте <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> если необходимо.</p>
+
+<p>Этот пункт возможно относится только к старым системам FreeBSD/i386. В системах, где
+используются дисковые слайсы в MBR стиле, FreeBSD поддерживает ``слайсы совместимости'',
+где имена дисковых разделов могут принимать форму <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0a</tt>
+(без явного указания имени слайса). Это более не поддерживается, дисковые разделы должны
+быть именованы в форме <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0s1a</tt>. Другими словами, дисковые
+разделы теперь должны указываться полностью: дисковое устройство, номер слайса и буква
+раздела.</p>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что ``слайсы совместимости'' обычно не используются по умолчанию
+начиная с FreeBSD 2.2.6-RELEASE. Этот пункт не относится к FreeBSD/alpha вообще, как и к
+системам, использующим режим ``dangerously dediated''.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Используя <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> или
+другие способы, получите копию исходных текстов базовой системы FreeBSD (модуль <tt
+class="FILENAME">src/</tt>). Для извлечения 5.3-RELEASE из CVS репозитория FreeBSD,
+используйте тег <var class="LITERAL">RELENG_5_3_0_RELEASE</var>. Для ветви 5.3 с
+исправлениями, используйте тег <var class="LITERAL">RELENG_5_3</var>. Для отслеживания
+ветви разработки FreeBSD 5-STABLE, используйте тег ветви <var
+class="LITERAL">RELENG_5</var>. При использовании CVS для извлечения исходных текстов,
+важно установить для CVS флаг <var class="OPTION">-P</var>, чтобы пустые каталоги
+удалялись.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> требуются некоторые новые записи в
+системных файлах паролей и групп, соответствующие различным системным сервисам. Они
+должны быть добавлены командой:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mergemaster -p</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Этот шаг необходимо выполнить, чтобы установить пользователя и группу на некоторые
+новые файлы.</p>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что в FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> файл утилиты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+переместился из <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nologin</tt>. Поскольку у многих псевдо-пользователей <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+указана в качестве оболочки, это изменение создаст дополнительные различия в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/passwd</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Соберите новую систему с помощью:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/src</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make buildworld</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Если переменная <var class="VARNAME">CPUTYPE</var> определена в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt>, она должна быть задана оператором <var
+class="LITERAL">?=</var>, чтобы процесс <var class="LITERAL">buildworld</var> мог
+переписать ее при необходимости.</p>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что <var class="VARNAME">MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX</var> <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">нельзя</i></span> определять в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Как правило, большая часть ``установок'', определенных в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt>, должна быть закомментирована или удалена. Это
+особенно важно для тех переменных, которые непосредственно влияют на сборку или основные
+операции FreeBSD, такие как <var class="VARNAME">NO_TOOLCHAIN</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Соберите и установите новое ядро командой:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make buildkernel</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что необходимо использовать <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">buildkernel</var>, чтобы убедиться, что ядро будет собрано компилятором,
+собранным в предыдущем действии. Использование <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+вручную и последующая сборка ядра не будут работать.</p>
+
+<p>Хотя сборка (и последующая установка) собственного ядра в данный момент возможна,
+обновление с использованием ядра <var class="LITERAL">GENERIC</var> и установка
+собственного ядра позже предпочтительнее, поскольку вероятность ошибок ниже. При сборке
+собственного ядра в первый раз настоятельно рекомендуется в качестве основы использовать
+ядро <var class="LITERAL">GENERIC</var> из FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>,
+поскольку многие устройства и параметры были добавлены или изменены по сравнению с 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. В любом случае, включение параметра конфигурации <var
+class="LITERAL">COMPAT_FREEBSD4</var> необходимо для успешного обновления.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Настройте хинты устройств для устройств ISA с помощью одного из варианта
+нижеприведенной команды. Подставьте соответствующее имя архитектуры (например <var
+class="LITERAL">i386</var>) вместо <var class="REPLACEABLE">MACHINE</var>.</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cp sys/<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">MACHINE</var>/conf/GENERIC.hints /boot/device.hints</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Хотя пустой файл хинтов может быть достаточен для современного оборудования, хинты ISA
+необходимы для систем с ISA не-PNP картами (где хинты должны быть настроены), для
+не-PNPBIOS систем, или для флоппи дисков, чтобы корректно работать на PNPBIOS
+системах.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Установите новое ядро командой:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make installkernel</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что в FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ядро по умолчанию
+устанавливается в <tt class="FILENAME">/kernel</tt>, а в FreeBSD 5.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ядро устанавливается в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/kernel/kernel</tt>. Модули ядра в 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> обычно устанавливаются в каталог <tt
+class="FILENAME">/modules</tt>, а в 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> они
+устанавливаются в <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/kernel</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Установите загрузчик FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> командой:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/src/sys/boot</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make STRIP="" install</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Хотя этот шаг опционален, он настоятельно рекомендуется.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Отключите модули сторонних разработчиков (такие как VMware) для предотвращения
+падений, вызванных изменениями в ABI ядра или другими несовместимостями.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Перезагрузитесь в однопользовательский режим. Перезагрузка абсолютно необходима,
+поскольку для установки новой системы должно быть запущено новое ядро.
+Однопользовательский режим практически устранит различные случайности, которые могут
+возникнуть во время обновления, так как другие программы не будут запущены.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Смонтируйте необходимые файловые системы:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fsck -p</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount -uw /</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount -at ufs</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что вызов <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a>
+необходим для обновления определенный полей в суперблоке файловой системы для FreeBSD
+5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. Если системные часы работают в локальном времени, а
+не в UTC, выполните также:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">adjkerntz -i</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Во время этого шага на консоли может появиться следующее сообщение (множество
+раз).</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+WARNING: userland calling deprecated sysctl, please rebuild world
+</pre>
+
+<p>Оно может быть спокойно проигнорировано.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Удалите заголовки файлов C++:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rm -rf /usr/include/g++</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Этот шаг предотвратит использование старых файлов заголовков, оставшихся от
+компилятора <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> 2.95 C++, при дальнейших компиляциях.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Установите новую систему:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/src</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make installworld</kbd>
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>На системах, где установлен <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a>, его
+файлы настройки должны быть перемещены в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(8)</span></a>, в
+каталог <tt class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. Если какие-либо файлы уже находятся в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>, необходимо предварительно сделать их резервную
+копию.</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /etc</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mv named named.bak</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir -p /var/named/etc/namedb</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">cp -Rp named.bak/* /var/named/etc/namedb</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Если в конфигурации использованы автоматически созданные файлы <tt
+class="FILENAME">localhost</tt>, для их автоматической пересборки потребуется
+следующее:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /var/named/etc/namedb</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">/bin/sh make-localhost</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">rm -f localhost-v6.rev localhost.rev</kbd>
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Обновите конфигурацию системы, запустив:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mergemaster -i</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Этот шаг не опционален. Он необходим для приведения стартовых файлов и файлов
+настройки из <tt class="FILENAME">/etc</tt> в соответствие новому ядру и системе.</p>
+
+<p>После вызова <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mergemaster&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mergemaster</span>(8)</span></a>,
+неплохо будет проверить (и возможно изменить) <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt>.
+Значения по умолчанию многих переменных, определяемых в этом файле, изменились; в
+частности, некоторые сервисы, которые были включены по умолчанию в 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, теперь отключены по умолчанию в 5.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Удалите оставшиеся файлы <b class="APPLICATION">BIND 8</b>:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">rm /usr/bin/dnskeygen /usr/bin/dnsquery</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rm /usr/libexec/named-xfer</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">rm /usr/sbin/named.restart /usr/sbin/ndc</kbd>
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Перезагрузитесь.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>После обновления базовой системы, обычно требуется обновление некоторых компонент, не
+входящих в базовую систему, для восстановления нормальной функциональности. <b
+class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> более не является частью базовой системы и должен быть
+установлен из коллекции портов (а именно, из порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5.8/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">lang/perl5.8</tt></a>) или из пакета. После этой установки все порты
+и/или пакеты, зависящие от <b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b>, нуждаются в
+переустановке.</p>
+
+<p>Для запуска бинарных файлов FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> требуется набор
+библиотек, поддерживающих совместимость. Он доступен после установки пакета/порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/compat4x/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/compat4x</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Как было упомянуто в предыдущем разделе, <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> это
+реализация X Window System по умолчанию. Коллекция портов (а также пакеты) соответствуют
+этому изменению, чтобы учесть зависимости. Для замены установленной графической системы с
+<b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span></b> на <b
+class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b>, обратитесь к разделу <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/x-install.html"
+target="_top">Установка X11</a> Руководства FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUMMARY" name="SUMMARY">6. Итоги</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этой статье представлены некоторые из наиболее заметных новых возможностей FreeBSD
+5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, и список отдельных вопросов, требующих особого
+внимания тех пользователей, кто обновляет существующую систему FreeBSD 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. Здесь также представлены два набора инструкций по
+обновлению, одна с использованием обычной установки, другая основана на перекомпиляции
+системы из исходных текстов.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="FOOTNOTES">Примечания</h3>
+
+<table border="0" class="FOOTNOTES" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="5%"><a id="FTN.AEN161" name="FTN.AEN161"
+href="#AEN161"><span class="footnote">[1]</span></a></td>
+<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="95%">
+<p>Обратите внимание, что выполнение файлов <tt class="FILENAME">a.out</tt> все еще
+поддерживается на i386 и pc98 с параметром ядра <var class="LITERAL">COMPAT_AOUT</var>.
+Некоторые из компиляторов коллекции портов (например, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/gcc28/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">lang/gcc28</tt></a>) все еще поддерживают создание исполняемых файлов
+стандарта <tt class="FILENAME">a.out</tt>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/readme.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/readme.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc9f372d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/readme.html
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE README</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE README</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/readme/article.sgml,v 1.5.2.1
+2004/09/20 08:16:11 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
+<p>FreeBSD это зарегистрированная торговая марка Wind River Systems, Inc. Ожидается, что
+в скором времени это изменится.</p>
+
+<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, и Xeon это торговые марки
+или зарегистрированные торговые марки Intel Corporation или ее дочерних компаний в
+Соединенных Штатах и других странах.</p>
+
+<p>Motif, OSF/1, и UNIX это зарегистрированные торговые марки, а IT DialTone и The Open
+Group это торговые марки Open Group в Соединенных Штатах и других странах.</p>
+
+<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, и UltraSPARC это торговые марки SPARC International, Inc
+в Соединенных Штатах и других странах. Продукты с торговой маркой SPARC основаны на
+архитектуре, разработанной Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>Многие из обозначений, используемые производителями и продавцами для обозначения своих
+продуктов, заявляются в качестве торговых марок. Когда такие обозначения появляются в
+этом документе, и Проекту FreeBSD известно о торговой марке, к обозначению добавляется
+знак ``(TM)'' или ``(R)''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN21" name="AEN21"></a>
+<p>Этот документ дает краткое введение в FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE. Он включает некоторую
+информацию по получению FreeBSD, обзор различных способов обратной связи с Проектом
+FreeBSD и ссылки на некоторые другие источники информации.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>Это дистрибутив FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE (``release''), последняя точка ветви 5-STABLE.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN27" name="AEN27">1.1. О FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD это операционная система, основанная на 4.4 BSD Lite для аппаратного
+обеспечения DEC/Compaq/HP Alpha/AXP компьютеров (alpha), PC на оборудовании AMD64 и Intel
+EM64T (amd64), PC на оборудовании Intel, AMD, Cyrix или NexGen ``x86'' (i386), компьютеры
+на Intel Itanium Processor (ia64), PC NEC PC-9801/9821 и совместимые (pc98) и машины
+<span class="TRADEMARK">UltraSPARC</span>(R) (sparc64). Версии для <span
+class="TRADEMARK">PowerPC</span>(R) (powerpc) и <span
+class="TRADEMARK">MIPS</span>(R) (mips) также разрабатываются. FreeBSD работает с
+широким набором периферийного оборудования, в различных конфигурациях и может
+использоваться в любых целях, от разработки программного обеспечения, игр до
+предоставления сервисов интернет.</p>
+
+<p>В этом релизе FreeBSD есть все, что необходимо для работы такой системы, включая
+полные исходные тексты для ядра и все утилиты основного дистрибутива. С установленными
+исходными текстами вы можете перекомпилировать буквально всю систему из исходных текстов
+одной командой, что делает ее идеальной для студентов, исследователей или других
+пользователей, которые просто хотят увидеть как все это работает.</p>
+
+<p>Существует также большая коллекция стороннего программного обеспечения (``коллекция
+портов''), она упрощает получение и установку всех распространенных программ <span
+class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>(R) для FreeBSD. Каждый ``порт'' состоит из набора
+скриптов для настройки, сборки и установки программы одной командой. Более 11,800, от
+редакторов и языков программирования до графических приложений, делают FreeBSD мощной и
+полной операционной средой, возможности которой выходят далеко за рамки того, что
+предоставляют многие коммерческие версии <span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>. Большинство
+портов также доступны в виде скомпилированных ``пакетов'', которые могут быть быстро
+установлены программой установки.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN41" name="AEN41">1.2. Целевая аудитория</a></h3>
+
+<p>Этот дистрибутив (``release'') FreeBSD подходит для всех пользователей. Он прошел
+период тестирования и проверки качества, которые подтвердили его надежность.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="OBTAIN" name="OBTAIN">2. Получение FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD может быть получена множеством различных способов. Этот раздел акцентируется
+на тех способах, которые лучше всего подходят для получения полного дистрибутива FreeBSD,
+а не для обновления существующей системы.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN48" name="AEN48">2.1. CDROM и DVD</a></h3>
+
+<p>Дистрибутивы FreeBSD -RELEASE могут быть куплены на CDROM или DVD у различных
+поставщиков. Зачастую это наиболее удобный способ получения FreeBSD для новых установок,
+поскольку он делает возможной простую переустановку системы, если это потребуется.
+Некоторые дистрибутивы включают отдельные опциональные скомпилированные ``пакеты'' из
+коллекции портов FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Список поставщиков CDROM и DVD, известных Проекту, находится на странице приложения
+Руководства <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">``Получение FreeBSD''</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN55" name="AEN55">2.2. FTP</a></h3>
+
+<p>Вы можете использовать FTP для получения FreeBSD и любого или всех пакетов с <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>, который является
+официальным сайтом релизов FreeBSD, или с любого из его ``зеркал''.</p>
+
+<p>Списки сайтов, зеркалирующих FreeBSD, можно найти в разделе Руководства <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
+target="_top">FTP сайты</a>, или на страницах <a href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a>. Поиск ближайшего (в терминах сети)
+зеркала для загрузки дистрибутива настоятельно рекомендуется.</p>
+
+<p>Создание дополнительных зеркал всегда приветствуется. Свяжитесь с <code
+class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code> за
+дополнительной информацией о том, как сделать официальное зеркало. Вы также можете найти
+полезную информацию по зеркалированию в статье <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/hubs/"
+target="_top">Зеркалирование FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Зеркала обычно содержат образы дискет, необходимые для начала установки, а также
+дистрибутивные файлы, необходимые для самого процесса установки. Многие зеркала также
+содержат ISO образы, необходимые для создания CDROM релиза FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="CONTACTING" name="CONTACTING">3. Обратная связь с Проектом
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN69" name="AEN69">3.1. Электронная почта и списки
+рассылки</a></h3>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>Внимание:</b> Все сообщения в списки рассылки Проекта FreeBSD должны быть
+составлены <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">только на английском
+языке</i></span>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>По любым вопросам или с просьбой о технической поддержке пишите в <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions" target="_top">Список
+рассылки, посвящённый вопросам и ответам пользователей FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Если вы отслеживаете разработку 5-STABLE, <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">обязательно</i></span> подпишитесь на <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-current" target="_top">Список
+рассылки, посвящённый обсуждению FreeBSD-CURRENT</a>, чтобы быть в курсе последних
+разработок и изменений, которые могут повлиять на использование и поддержку системы.</p>
+
+<p>Являясь в основном результатом усилий добровольцев, Проект FreeBSD всегда рад принять
+помощь -- желаемых усовершенствований все еще гораздо больше больше, чем времени на их
+реализацию. Для связи с разработчиками по техническим вопросам, или с предложениями
+помощи, подпишитесь на <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers" target="_top">Список
+рассылки FreeBSD, посвящённый техническим дискуссиям</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Имейте ввиду, что в этих списках рассылки присутствует <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">значительный</i></span> объем трафика. Если у вас медленный или
+дорогостоящий доступ к почте, или вы интересуетесь только основными событиями FreeBSD,
+возможно вам подойдет подписка только на <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-announce" target="_top">Список
+рассылки анонсов FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>На все списки рассылки может свободно подписаться любой желающий. Посетите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo" target="_top">FreeBSD Mailman Info
+Page</a>. Там находится дополнительная информация по подписке на различные списки
+рассылки, доступ к архивам, и т.д. Существует множество не упомянутых здесь списков
+рассылки, предназначенных для особых целей; дополнительную информацию можно найти или на
+страницах Mailman или в <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/support.html#mailing-list"
+target="_top">разделе списков рассылки</a> на веб сайте FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Не</i></span> отправляйте в
+рассылки письма с просьбой о подписке. Используйте для подписки интерфейс Mailman.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN90" name="AEN90">3.2. Отправка сообщений о проблемах</a></h3>
+
+<p>Предложения, сообщения об ошибках и код всегда ценны -- не стесняйтесь сообщать о
+любых проблемах, которые вы можете обнаружить. Сообщения о проблемах с приложенным
+исправлениям конечно же еще более полезны.</p>
+
+<p>Предпочтительный способ отправки сообщений о проблемах с подключенного к почте
+интернет компьютера это использование команды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a>.
+Отправляемые таким способом сообщения о проблемах (``Problem Reports'', PR) попадают в
+базу данных, где отслеживается их состояние; разработчики FreeBSD прилагают максимум
+усилий к тому, чтобы максимально быстро реагировать на все сообщения о проблемах. На веб
+сайте FreeBSD доступен <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi"
+target="_top">список всех активных PR</a>; этот список полезен для просмотра всех
+потенциальных проблем, которые могли встретиться другим пользователям.</p>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> это
+shell скрипт, который может быть легко перемещен даже в не-FreeBSD систему.
+Предпочтительным является использование именно этого интерфейса. Если по какой-либо
+причине вы не можете использовать <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> для
+отправки сообщения о проблеме, попробуйте отправить его в <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-bugs" target="_top">Список
+рассылки FreeBSD, посвящённый сообщениям о проблемах</a>.</p>
+
+<p>За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к статье <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/problem-reports/"
+target="_top">``Составление Сообщений о проблемах в FreeBSD''</a>, доступной на веб сайте
+FreeBSD. В этой статье представлены множество советов по составлению и отправке
+эффективных сообщений о проблемах.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SEEALSO" name="SEEALSO">4. Источники дополнительной
+информации</a></h2>
+
+<p>Существует множество источников информации по FreeBSD; некоторые включены в
+дистрибутив, другие доступны он-лайн или в бумажной версии.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELEASE-DOCS" name="RELEASE-DOCS">4.1. Документация на
+релиз</a></h3>
+
+<p>Более специфическая информация по дистрибутиву ``release'' находится в других файлах.
+Большинство дистрибутивов включают их как в текстовом ASCII формате (<tt
+class="FILENAME">.TXT</tt>), так и в формате HTML (<tt class="FILENAME">.HTM</tt>).
+Некоторые дистрибутивы могут включать другие форматы, такие как PostScript (<tt
+class="FILENAME">.PS</tt>) или Portable Document Format (<tt
+class="FILENAME">.PDF</tt>).</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>: Этот файл. Дает некоторую общую информацию о
+FreeBSD, а также указания по получению дистрибутива.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt>: Руководство для новых пользователей FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE. Настоятельно рекомендуется к прочтению новыми пользователями FreeBSD
+5-STABLE и/или серии релизов 6.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>: Информация о релизе, новое в релизе и
+изменения в FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE по сравнению с предыдущим релизом FreeBSD
+5.2.1-RELEASE).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>: Список совместимого оборудования, в нем
+находятся устройства, работоспособность с которыми FreeBSD была протестирована.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>: Инструкции по установке FreeBSD с
+дистрибутивных носителей.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt>: Список проблем. В этом файле можно найти
+последнюю информацию, применимую к релизам (отличие от снэпшотов). Необходимо свериться с
+этим файлом перед установкой релиза FreeBSD, поскольку в нем находится по проблемам,
+которые были обнаружены и исправлены с момента создания релиза.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Некоторые из этих документов (в частности, <tt
+class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>, и <tt
+class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>) содержат информацию, специфичную для определенной
+аппаратной архитектуры. Например, информация о релизе для платформы alpha содержит
+информацию, неприменимую к <span class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>&#8482;, и наоборот.
+Архитектура, к которой применим данный документ, указывается в его заголовке.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>На платформах, которые поддерживают <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> (в
+настоящее время alpha, <span class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>, ia64, pc98, и <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Sparc64</span>(R)), эти документы обычно доступны через меню
+Documentation во время установки. Как только система будет установлена, вы можете
+повторно войти в это меню, повторно запустив <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Крайне важно прочесть список проблем любого существующего релиза
+перед его установкой для получения информации о любых последних новостях или проблемах,
+обнаруженных после выхода релиза. Файл errata, поставляемый с каждым релизом, уже устарел
+по определению, но другие копии обновляются и необходимо прочесть ``текущие сообщения о
+проблемах'' для данного релиза. Эти копии находятся на <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/</a> (а также на любом сайте,
+поддерживающем обновляемое зеркало этого ресурса).</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN160" name="AEN160">4.2. Страницы справочника</a></h3>
+
+<p>Как и практически все <span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span> подобные системы, FreeBSD
+поставляется с набором страниц справочника, доступных через команду <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> или через
+<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi" target="_top">гипертекстовый шлюз страниц
+справочника</a> на веб сайте FreeBSD. Страницы справочника дают информацию по различным
+командам и API, доступным пользователю FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>В некоторых случаях страницы справочника написаны, чтобы дать информацию по отдельным
+темам. Примечательные примеры таких страниц это <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tuning&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tuning</span>(7)</span></a>
+(руководство по оптимизации системы), <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=security&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">security</span>(7)</span></a>
+(введение в безопасность FreeBSD) и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=style&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">style</span>(9)</span></a>
+(руководство по стилю программирования ядра).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN178" name="AEN178">4.3. Книги и статьи</a></h3>
+
+<p>Две очень полезные коллекции относящейся к FreeBSD информации, поддерживаемые Проектом
+FreeBSD, это Руководство FreeBSD и FAQ по FreeBSD (Frequently Asked Questions, часто
+задаваемые вопросы). Онлайн версии <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Руководства</a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/" target="_top">FAQ</a> всегда
+доступны со <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html" target="_top">страницы
+документации FreeBSD</a> и всех зеркал. Если вы установили дистрибутивный набор <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, Руководство и FAQ можно прочесть локально.</p>
+
+<p>Множество онлайн книг и статей, также поддерживаемых Проектом FreeBSD, затрагивают
+более специализированные, относящиеся к FreeBSD темы. Они охватывают широкий диапазон
+тем, от эффективного использования списков рассылки и совместного существования FreeBSD с
+другими операционными системами до руководства для новых коммиттеров. Так же, как
+Руководство и FAQ, эти документы доступны со страницы документации FreeBSD или из
+дистрибутивного набора <tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Список других книг и документов по FreeBSD можно найти в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/bibliography.html"
+target="_top">библиографии</a> Руководства FreeBSD. Поскольку FreeBSD во всем наследует
+<span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>, многие другие статьи и книги, написанные для систем
+<span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>, также подходят и для FreeBSD, и некоторые из них
+приведены в библиографии.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS" name="ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS">5.
+Благодарности</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD представляет собой результат работы многих сотен, если не тысяч людей по всему
+миру, работавших бесчисленное количество времени для создания этого дистрибутива. За
+полным списком разработчиков и участников Проекта FreeBSD обращайтесь к <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/"
+target="_top">``Списку контрибьюторов Проекта FreeBSD''</a> на веб сайте FreeBSD или
+любом из его зеркал.</p>
+
+<p>Особые благодарности выражаются многим тысячам пользователей FreeBSD и тестерам по
+всему миру, без которых выпуск этого дистрибутива просто не был бы возможен.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-alpha.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-alpha.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30d3384a25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-alpha.html
@@ -0,0 +1,2259 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Информация о релизе FreeBSD/alpha 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Информация о релизе FreeBSD/alpha
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.5 2004/10/11 12:59:07 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN13" name="AEN13"></a>
+<p>Заметки о релизе для FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE содержат общую информацию по изменениям,
+внесенным в систему FreeBSD с момента выпуска 5.2.1-RELEASE. Этот документ содержит
+список сообщений безопасности, выпущенных после последнего релиза, а также список
+значительных изменений, внесенных в ядро и пользовательские программы FreeBSD.
+Представлены также краткие заметки по обновлению системы.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>Содержание</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">Введение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">Что нового</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">Сообщения безопасности</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">Изменения в ядре</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">Изменения в загрузчике</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">Поддержка оборудования</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">Сетевые протоколы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">Диски и хранение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">Файловые системы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN925">Стороннее программное обеспечение</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">Изменения в программах пользователя</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">Скрипты <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">Стороннее программное обеспечение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">Инфраструктура коллекции портов/пакетов</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">Подготовка релизов и интеграция</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">Документация</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">Обновление с предыдущих релизов FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>Этот документ содержит информацию о релизе FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE для аппаратной
+платформы Alpha/AXP. В нем описаны недавно добавленные, измененные, или удаленные
+возможности FreeBSD. Он также представляет некоторые заметки по обновлению с предыдущей
+версии FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Этот дистрибутив FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE представляет собой release. Его можно найти на <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> или на любом из
+зеркал. Дополнительная информация по получению этого (или другого) release дистрибутива
+FreeBSD может быть найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">приложении ``Получение FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">Руководства
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Всем пользователям рекомендуется ознакомиться с сообщениями о проблемах перед
+установкой FreeBSD. В этот документ вносятся самая последняя информация, полученная в
+позже в процессе выпуска релиза или после релиза. Обычно в нем находятся информация о
+известных ошибках, сообщениях безопасности и исправления документации. Актуальную копию
+сообщений о проблемах для FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE можно найти на веб сайте FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. Что нового</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этом разделе описаны основные видимые пользователю добавленные или измененные с
+5.2.1-RELEASE возможности FreeBSD. Как правило, изменения, описанные здесь, уникальны для
+5-STABLE, если только они не помечены как [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>Обычно в информации о релизе последовательно включены последние сообщения
+безопасности, выпущенные после 5.3-RELEASE, информация о поддержки новых драйверов или
+оборудования, новых команд или параметров, информация о основных исправлениях ошибок, или
+обновлениях стороннего программного обеспечения. В нем могут также перечисляться
+изменения важнейших портов/пакетов или практики выпуска релизов. Конечно, в информацию о
+релизе не вносятся данные о каждом отдельном изменении, сделанном в FreeBSD между
+релизами; этот документ фокусируется в основном на сообщениях безопасности, видимых
+пользователю изменениях, и основных архитектурных улучшениях.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. Сообщения безопасности</a></h3>
+
+<p>Исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>;
+она приводила к сбрасыванию флагов файловой системы к их значению по умолчанию при
+создании снимка (снэпшота) файловой системы. Возможные последствия зависят от способа
+использования, но могут привести к отключению дополнительных списков контроля доступа,
+или разрешению использования setuid бита на исполняемых файлах, расположенных на
+недоверяемой файловой системе. Эта ошибка также относится к параметру <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-L</var>, где используется <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>.
+Обратите внимание, что <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>
+обычно доступен только суперпользователям и членам группы <tt
+class="GROUPNAME">operator</tt>. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению
+безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:01.mksnap_ffs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:01</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Исправлена ошибка в интерфейсе System V Shared Memory (а именно в системном вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shmat&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">shmat</span>(2)</span></a>). Эта
+ошибка приводила к расположению сегмента совместно используемой памяти в невыделенном
+участке памяти ядра. Это может привести к получению атакующим неавторизованного доступа к
+частям памяти ядра, с возможным раскрытием важной информации, обходу механизмов контроля
+доступа, или расширению привилегий. Более детальная информация может быть найдена в
+сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:02.sh mat.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:02</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в коде системного вызова <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail_attach&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail_attach</span>(2)</span></a>.
+Эта ошибка может позволить процессу с привилегиями суперпользователя внутри среды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> изменить
+свой корневой каталог на корневой каталог другой среды jail, и таким образом получить
+полный доступ на чтение и запись к файлам и каталогам внутри этого jail. Дополнительная
+информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:03.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:03</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Потенциальная DoS атака с низким трафиком на TCP стек FreeBSD была предотвращена путем
+ограничения количества TCP сегментов вне последовательности, которые могут одновременно
+обслуживаться. Более детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:04.tcp.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:04</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в SSL/TLS ChangeCipherSpec сообщении <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, которая могла привести к удалению нулевого указателя.
+Она позволяла удаленной атакующей стороне вызвать крах приложений, использующих <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, и привести к отказу в обслуживании (DoS). Более
+детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:05.openssl.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:05</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в коде обработки некоторых параметров сокета IPv6 в системном
+вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setsockopt&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setsockopt</span>(2)</span></a>.
+Она позволяла атакующему локально вызвать системную панику, а также могла позволять
+неавторизованный доступ к частям памяти ядра, что могло привести к раскрытию важной
+информации, обходу механизмов контроля доступа, или расширению привилегий. Более
+детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:06.ipv6.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:06</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены две ошибки в коде <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>. Они позволяли
+серверу перезаписывать произвольные файлы клиента, а клиенту читать произвольные файлы на
+сервере при удаленном доступе к CVS репозиториям. Более детальная информация может быть
+найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:07.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:07</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Внесено исправление в <b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b>, исправляющее проблему,
+вследствие которой не производилась адекватная проверка аутентификации между автономными
+realm. Более подробная информация находится в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:08.heimdal.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:08</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка в <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, позволявшая
+злонамеренному клиенту перезаписывать произвольные участки памяти сервера. За дальнейшей
+информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:10.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:10</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена потенциальная проблема с целостностью кэша в реализации системного
+вызова <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=msync&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">msync</span>(2)</span></a>,
+использующей операцию <var class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>. Однако, в качестве
+побочного эффекта исправления проблемы безопасности, флаг <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var> более не гарантирует выгрузку из памяти всех страниц.
+Пользователи, которым требуется старая семантика <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>, могут установить переменную sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_msync</var>, если их не беспокоит данная проблема безопасности. За
+дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:11.msync.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:11</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка в системном вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>, которая
+приводила к ошибке проверки попытки манипулирования таблицами маршрутизации из jail. За
+дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:12.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:12</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка обработки некоторых системных вызовов Linux,
+вследствие которой мог стать возможным доступ к областям памяти без соответствующей
+проверки. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:13.linux.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:13</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Множество программных ошибок в <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, могущих привести к
+раскрытию информации, DoS, или выполнению произвольного кода, были исправлены путем
+обновления до <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> 1.11.17. За дальнейшей информацией
+обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:14.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:14</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <var class="LITERAL">CONS_SCRSHOT</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a> была
+исправлена; она может привести к получению неавторизованного доступа к областям памяти
+ядра с возможным раскрытием критической информации, пропуску механизмов контроля доступа,
+или к получению повышенных привилегий. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению
+безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:15.syscons.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:15</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. Изменения в ядре</a></h3>
+
+<p><var class="LITERAL">ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var> были добавлены и включены по умолчанию.
+Это меняет поведение блокирующих мьютексов, которые переключаются, если поток, которому
+принадлежит мьютекс, выполняется другим процессором. Это поведение может быть изменено
+путем установки параметра ядра <var class="VARNAME">NO_ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен параметр ядра <var class="VARNAME">ADAPTIVE_GIANT</var>, который включает
+адаптивность Giant блокировки при включении адаптивности мьютексов. Это повышает
+производительность SMP систем и включено по умолчанию на i386.</p>
+
+<p>Интерфейс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>
+теперь прозрачно поддерживает выравнивание и установление границ в теге DMA при загрузке
+буферов, и <code class="FUNCTION">bus_dmamap_load()</code> будет автоматически
+использовать сброс буферов когда это необходимо. Кроме того, был добавлен набор
+переменных sysctl <var class="VARNAME">hw.busdma.*</var> для статистики <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>
+была переписана с новым алгоритмом, который серьезно повышает надежность при высокой
+нагрузке. Старый алгоритм может быть использован путем установки sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_contigmalloc</var>. Дополнительная информация может быть получена
+со страницы справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Правила path <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> теперь
+корректно работают с каталогами.</p>
+
+<p>API <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getvfsent&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getvfsent</span>(3)</span></a> был
+удален.</p>
+
+<p>Переменная загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.allow_unsupported_io_range</var>
+была удалена.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает использование raw сокетов изнутри jail. Эта возможность отключена по
+умолчанию и контролируется переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.allow_raw_sockets</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новый фильтр <var class="LITERAL">EVFILT_FS</var>, который используется для
+отправки сигналов файловой системы в пространство пользователя. На данный момент
+сигнализируются события mount, unmount и up/down статус NFS.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая инфраструктура отладки, KDB. Она состоит из новой подсистемы GDB,
+которая была переписана для поддержки потоков, run-length encoding compression, и так
+далее, и внешний интерфейс, в инфраструктуре которого могут быть настроены несколько
+различных подсистем отладки, и предоставлены основные сервисы для этих подсистем. Были
+изменены следующие параметры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>KDB включен по умолчанию через параметры ядра <var class="LITERAL">options KDB</var>,
+<var class="LITERAL">options GDB</var>, и <var class="LITERAL">options DDB</var>. <var
+class="LITERAL">DDB</var> и <var class="LITERAL">GDB</var> указывают, какие подсистемы
+KDB включать.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">WITNESS_DDB</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">WITNESS_KDB</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_TRACE</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_TRACE</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_UNATTENDED</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_UNATTENDED</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_DDBKEY</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_KDBKEY</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_NOKLDSYM</var> был удален. Новая подсистема DDB поддерживает
+pre-linker symbol lookups, так же как и KLD symbol lookups одновременно.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">GDB_REMOTE_CHAT</var> был удален. Это изменение GDB протокола
+специфично для FreeBSD. Вместе с тем в протоколе GDB есть пакеты для вывода на
+консоль.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>KDB дает также единственный способ взаимодействия для любого и всего кода, которому
+необходимо использование функций отладки, таких как вход в отладчик или обработка
+альтернативной последовательности прерывания. Для этих целей внешний интерфейс был сделан
+не опциональным. Все отладочные запросы перенаправляются или обрабатываются текущей
+подсистемой. Выбор текущей подсистемы выполняется переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.current</var>. Список установленных переменных находится в <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.available</var>. В отладчик можно перейти, записав в sysctl
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.enter</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.stop_cpus</var>.
+Она контролирует, будут или нет IPI (Inter Processor Interrupts) для других CPU переданы
+при входе в отладчик, чтобы остановить их в отладчике.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра, <var class="LITERAL">MAC_STATIC</var>, который
+отключает внутреннюю синхронизацию MAC Framework, защищая от динамической загрузки и
+выгрузки политик MAC.</p>
+
+<p>Политика <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> теперь поддерживает
+определение и применение только первого правила из всех соответствующих правил. Эта
+возможность может быть включена установкой новой переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_firstmatch_enabled</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Политика <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> теперь может протоколировать
+неудачные попытки записи в syslog <var class="LITERAL">AUTHPRIV</var>. Эта возможность
+может быть включена установкой новой переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_logging</var>.</p>
+
+<p>mballoc был замещен на mbuma, Mbuf и Cluster аллокаторы основаны на множестве
+расширений инфраструктуры UMA. В связи с этим изменением, параметр ядра <var
+class="LITERAL">NMBCLUSTERS</var> более не используется. Максимальное количество
+кластеров по прежнему устанавливается в соответствии с <var
+class="LITERAL">maxusers</var>, но может быть сделано неограниченным путем установки
+переменной загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">kern.ipc.nmbclusters</var> в нуль.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/mem</tt>, и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/io</tt> теперь также поставляются в виде загружаемых модулей
+ядра.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a>,
+вследствие которой страницы, помеченные как <var class="LITERAL">PROT_NONE</var>, могли
+стать читаемыми при определенных условиях, была исправлена. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Новая переменная загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> была добавлена
+и включена по умолчанию. Она отключает блокировку Giant при работе сетевого стека
+FreeBSD, что приводит к повышению производительности за счет улучшения параллельности и
+уменьшения задержек при сетевых вычислениях. Обратите внимание, что включение узла
+Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tty&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tty</span>(4)</span></a>, KAME
+IPsec, и подсистемы IPX/SPX приводит к включению сетевых операций с Giant, или к
+появлению предупреждения при динамической загрузке этих компонентов, поскольку для
+корректной работы им требуется блокировка Giant.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра, <var class="VARNAME">NET_WITH_GIANT</var>. Он
+восстанавливает значение debug.mpsafenet по умолчанию (<var class="LITERAL">0</var>), и
+предназначен для использования на системах, собранных с небезопасными компонентами, или
+там, где желательна более консервативная конфигурация.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">PREEMPTION</var>. Он позволяет
+вытеснять потоки в ядре потоками с более высокими приоритетами. Этот параметр позволяет
+повысить интерактивность и ускоряет работу потоков.</p>
+
+<p>В дерево dev sysctl был добавлен уровень devclass для поддержки переменных по классам
+устройств, в дополнение к переменным по устройствам. Это означает, что <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo0.bar</var> теперь называются <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.0.bar</var>, и возможно также наличие <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.bar</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая переменная sysctl, <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.always_console_output</var>. Она направляет вывод ядра на консоль
+независимо от <var class="VARNAME">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">kern.sched.name</var>, в которой
+находится имя используемого планировщика, и переменная <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.quantum</var> была перемещена в <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.sched.quantum</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Обновлено управление ресурсами и энергопотреблением шины <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Хотя управление состоянием энергопотребления в шине <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a> было
+включено по умолчанию, это может привести к проблемам на некоторых системах. Оно может
+быть отключено путем установки переменной <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.do_powerstate</var>
+в <var class="LITERAL">0</var>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Планировщик ULE был добавлен в качестве дополнительного планировщика. Обратите
+внимание, что в качестве планировщика по умолчанию в ядре <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> все еще используется традиционный 4BSD. Для большинства
+пользователей интерактивность возросла во многих случаях. Это означает меньшее количество
+``пропусков'' и ``рывков'' в интерактивных приложениях, когда компьютер сильно загружен.
+Это не предотвращает проблем с перегруженными дисковыми подсистемам, но может помочь при
+перегруженных CPU. На компьютерах с SMP, ULE реализует очереди для каждого CPU, позволяя
+использовать CPU affinity, CPU binding, и расширенную поддержку HyperThreading, а также
+предоставляет основу для дальнейших оптимизаций в будущем. При продолжении разработки
+fine-grained kernel locking, планировщик сможет более эффективно использовать доступные
+параллельные ресурсы.</p>
+
+<p>Линейный алгоритм поиска, использовавшийся в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a>, был замещен на алгоритм
+O(log n), строящий карту в виде дерева. Он значительно снижает нагрузку в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a> для приложений, которые
+используют <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a> во
+многих сотнях или тысячах вхождений.</p>
+
+<p>Переменные загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">debug.witness_*</var> были переименованы в
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.witness.*</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Динамический и статический линковщик FreeBSD теперь поддерживает Thread Local Storage
+(TLS), возможность <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> определять модификатор <var
+class="LITERAL">__thread</var> к определению глобальных и статических переменных. Этот
+дополнительный модификатор означает, что значение переменной локально по отношению к
+потоку; один поток, изменяющий это значение, не повлияет на значение переменной в любом
+другом потоке.</p>
+
+<p>Был обновлен код ядра, выделяющий файловые дескрипторы, и теперь он заимствован из
+кода OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. Изменения в загрузчике</a></h4>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. Поддержка оборудования</a></h4>
+
+<p>Добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_video&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_video</span>(4)</span></a>
+для обеспечения управления переключением экранов и фоновой яркостью с использованием
+видео расширений ACPI.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nmdm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nmdm</span>(4)</span></a> был
+переписан для увеличения надежности.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">raid(4)</tt> (диск RAIDframe из NetBSD) был удален. В
+настоящее время он не функционален, и потребует дополнительного объема работы, чтобы
+стать работоспособным под существующим <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> API в
+5-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p>Запись для драйвера <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcic</span>(4)</span></a> была
+исключена из файла конфигурации ядра <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt>, поскольку драйвер
+более не поддерживается. Эта запись была закомментирована в течение длительного
+времени.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">tga</tt> был удален из ядра GENERIC, поскольку он
+требует серьезных исправлений, чтобы не вызывать панику во время запуска ядра. В качестве
+альтернативы предлагается использование последовательной консоли или обычной <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">vga</tt> карты.</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка машин TurboLaser.</p>
+
+<p>Добавлены переменные ядра для <var class="VARNAME">hw.uart.console</var> и <var
+class="VARNAME">hw.uart.dbgport</var> для устройства <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uart&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uart</span>(4)</span></a>. Они
+могут быть использованы соответственно для выбора последовательной консоли и отладочного
+порта, как и атрибуты.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер устройства <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> для
+поддержки управляемых с консоли последовательных адаптеров BWCT.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucycom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ucycom</span>(4)</span></a> для
+поддержки семейства мостов USB к RS232 Cypress CY7C637xx и CY7C640/1xx, один из которых
+используется в DeLorme Earthmate USB GPS приемнике (который и является единственным
+поддерживаемым этим драйвером устройством на данный момент). Этот драйвер не полон,
+поскольку в нем еще нет поддержки вывода и контроля потока.</p>
+
+<p>Инфраструктура драйверов устройств (как и многие драйверы) была обновлена. Среди
+прочих изменений: еще больше драйверов теперь используют автоматически выделяемые главные
+(major) номера (вместо старых статических главных номеров). Расширены функции по
+поддержке клонирования псевдо-устройств. Несколько изменений в API драйверов, включая
+новое поле <var class="VARNAME">d_version</var> в <var class="VARNAME">struct
+cdevsw</var>. Обратите внимание, что сторонние драйвера устройств потребуют
+перекомпиляции после этого изменения.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. Поддержка мультимедиа</a></h5>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">meteor</tt> (видеозахват) был удален вследствие
+неработоспособности и отсутствия поддержки.</p>
+
+<p>Код Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) был обновлен из дерева CVS DRI Project от 26 мая
+2004 года. Это обновление включает новые PCI ID и новый пакет для Radeon.</p>
+
+<p>Драйверы для различных звуковых карт были реорганизованы; <var class="LITERAL">device
+sound</var> это общий звуковой драйвер, а <var class="LITERAL">device snd_*</var> это
+звуковые драйвера устройств. Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">midi</tt>, поддерживающий
+последовательный порт и несколько звуковых карт, был удален. Дополнительные подробности
+находятся на соответствующих страницах справочной системы: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_als4000&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_als4000</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>, и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a> (бывший
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>) был
+модифицирован для чтения <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> при запуске, чтобы
+восстанавливать значения каналов mixer по умолчанию. Обратите внимание, что в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> все еще используется имя драйвера <var
+class="LITERAL">pcm</var>. Дополнительную информацию и примеры можно найти на странице
+справочной системы <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. Поддержка сетевых
+интерфейсов</a></h5>
+
+<p>Было исправлено кратковременно отключение в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> во время
+перенастройки параметров. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwip&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwip</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий IP через FireWire. Обратите внимание, что на данный момент номер
+широковещательного канала жестко установлен и MCAP для широковещательного выделения
+каналов не поддерживается. Этот драйвер предназначен для соответствия стандартам RFC 2734
+и RFC 3146 IP через FireWire и со временем заменит драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+использует дерево устройств sysctl, например <var class="VARNAME">dev.fxp0</var>, и эти
+переменные sysctl могут быть установлены для каждого устройства.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+предоставляет реальный контроль над возможностью получения расширенных фреймов Ethernet,
+отображаемый как <var class="LITERAL">VLAN_MTU</var>. Она может переключаться из
+пространства пользователя параметрами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> и <var class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает длинные фреймы, и может использоваться для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vlan</span>(4)</span></a> с полным
+размером Ethernet MTU.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает TCP/UDP Transmit/Receive разгрузку контрольной суммы (checksum offload) на
+прием/передачу. Поскольку <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> не
+компенсирует контрольную сумму для UDP дейтаграммы, которая может принимать значение <var
+class="LITERAL">0x0</var>, UDP разгрузка контрольной суммы на передачу выключена по
+умолчанию. Она может быть включена путем установки параметра соединения <var
+class="OPTION">link0</var> через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий карты Intel PRO/10GBE 10 Gigabit Ethernet. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, которая
+делала невозможной работу VLAN. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены несколько ошибок, относящиеся к поддержке <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a> в
+драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены несколько ошибок, относящихся к обработке multicast и promiscuous
+режимов в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a>. Он
+предоставляет поддержку USB Ethernet адаптеров, основанных на Davicom DM9601 чипсете.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий чип VIA Networking Technologies VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet и интегрированный
+10/100/1000 copper PHY.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка аппаратной TX контрольной суммы в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> была отключена,
+поскольку она не работала корректно и уменьшала скорость передачи данных. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка интерфейсами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+теперь может быть включена поинтерфейсно. Следующие сетевые драйверы поддерживают <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a>. Эта
+возможность может управляться через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> (за
+исключением <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>).
+[MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. Сетевые протоколы</a></h4>
+
+<p>Драйвер туннеля <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает WCCP версии 2.</p>
+
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">versrcreach</var>, для проверки наличия в
+таблице маршрутизатора действующего маршрута к адресу источника пакета. Этот параметр
+очень полезен для маршрутизаторов с полной информацией об основных маршрутах интернет в
+таблице маршрутизации (BGP) для отбрасывания пакетов с подделанными или
+немарштутизируемыми адресами источников. Например,</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not versrcreach
+</pre>
+
+это эквивалент следующей команды в синтаксисе Cisco IOS: 
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ip verify unicast source reachable-via any
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">antispoof</var>, для проверки адреса источника
+входящих пакетов на принадлежность к непосредственно подключенной сети. Если сеть
+подключена непосредственно, входящий пакет проверяется на соответствие интерфейсу, с
+которого он пришел. Когда входящий интерфейс и подключенный непосредственно интерфейс не
+совпадают, пакет не соответствует правилу. Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not antispoof in
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">jail</var>, для ассоциации со специфическим
+ID. Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+count ip from any to any jail 2
+</pre>
+
+Имейте ввиду, что это правило на данный момент применяется только к TCP и UDP пакетам.
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает таблицы адресов (lookup tables), полезные при обработке больших наборов
+разных адресов. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Правило <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">forward</var> было встроено в ядро параметром <var
+class="LITERAL">IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Новая переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.process_options</var> для
+контроля обработки параметров IP. При установке этой переменной в <var
+class="LITERAL">0</var> параметры IP игнорируются и передаются не измененными, при
+установке в <var class="LITERAL">1</var> все параметры IP обрабатываются (поведение по
+умолчанию), а при установке в <var class="LITERAL">2</var> все пакеты с параметрами IP
+отбрасываются с сообщением ICMP filter prohibited.</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены некоторые ошибки в реализации IPsec от KAME Project. Эти ошибки были
+связаны с освобождением объектов памяти перед тем, как все ссылки на эти объекты были
+удалены, они могли стать причиной странного поведения или паники ядра после очистки
+Security Policy Database (SPD).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает несколько экземпляров через новый параметр <var
+class="OPTION">globalports</var>. Он позволяет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> привязку
+к различным сетевым интерфейсам и распределение нагрузки.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_atmllc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_atmllc</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который работает с RFC 1483 ATM LLC инкапсуляцией.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_hub&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_hub</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который поддерживает простую рассылку пакетов и работает как концентратор Ethernet.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_rfc1490&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_rfc1490</span>(4)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает инкапсуляцию в стиле Cisco, которая часто используется вместе с RFC
+1490 в соединениях frame relay.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_sppp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+являющийся интерфейсом <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netgraph&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netgraph</span>(4)</span></a> к
+оригинальному сетевому модулю <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> для
+синхронных линий.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый метод Netgraph, позволяющий восстановление поведения, потерянного
+при изменении стиля узлов Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tee&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tee</span>(4)</span></a> с
+4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_vlan</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который поддерживает IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка <var class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var> теперь постоянно встроена в ядро, и
+соответствующие параметры ядра были удалены. Все подсистемы фильтрации пакетов,
+поддерживаемые FreeBSD, теперь используют инфраструктуру <var
+class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>В сокет маршрутизации была добавлена поддержка уведомления об изменении состояния
+носителя Ethernet.</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> была
+переписана заново. LQM, описанный в RFC 1989, позволяет PPP сохранять информацию о
+качестве работающего соединения. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Клонирование псевдо-интерфейсов было обновлено, чтобы сделать возможным создание
+интерфейсов <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> с именами
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, или <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">6to4</tt>. Обратите внимание, что это нарушает обратную совместимость;
+например, теперь <tt class="COMMAND">ifconfig stf</tt> создаст интерфейс <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, а не <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, и не выведет <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt> на стандартный вывод.</p>
+
+<p>Следующие возможности TCP теперь включены по умолчанию: RFC 3042 (Limited Retransmit),
+RFC 3390 (increased initial congestion window sizes), TCP bandwidth-delay product
+limiting. Для этих возможностей доступен набор переменных sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3042</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3390</var>, и <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</var>. Дополнительная информация может быть
+найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD реализация TCP теперь включает поддержку минимального MSS (устанавливается
+через переменную sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmss</var>) и ограничение
+потока данных через соединения, передающие множество мелких TCP сегментов в короткий
+период времени (через переменную sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmssoverload</var>). Соединения, превысившие этот предел,
+могут быть сброшены. Эта возможность предоставляет защиту от целого класса исчерпывающих
+ресурсы атак.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация TCP теперь включает частичную поддержку RFC 2385 (TCP-MD5) digest (только
+на вывод). Эта возможность, включаемая параметрами ядра <var
+class="LITERAL">TCP_SIGNATURE</var> и <var class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</var>, является
+расширением TCP для аутентификации TCP сессий. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setkey&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setkey</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+включает поддержку TCP-MD5 класса ассоциаций безопасности. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Обработка reset в TCP соединении была улучшена, чтобы усложнить reset атаки настолько,
+насколько это возможно, при сохранении совместимости с широчайшим диапазоном TCP
+стеков.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация RFC 1948 была улучшена. Компонент временного смещения в Initial Sequence
+Number (ISN) теперь включает случайное положительное число, так что ISN всегда
+увеличивается, независимо от скорости повторного использования порта.</p>
+
+<p>Было реализовано произвольное ``эфемерное'' выделение порта (random ephemeral port
+allocation), пришедшее из OpenBSD. Оно включено по умолчанию и может быть отключено через
+переменную sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен TCP Selective Acknowledgements (SACK), как описано в RFC 2018. Это
+увеличивает производительность TCP через соединения с большими потерями пакетов. SACK
+может быть включен переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.sack.enable</var>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. Диски и хранение</a></h4>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает контроллеры <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cardbus&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cardbus</span>(4)</span></a>
+ATA/SATA.</p>
+
+<p>Было исправлено множество ошибок в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>. Наиболее
+заметные из них относятся к улучшению детектирования master/slave устройств и к проблемам
+с задержками.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает Promise command sequencer, имеющийся на всех современных контроллерах
+Promise (PDC203** PDC206**).</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Добавлена также предварительная поддержка для Promise SX4/SX4000 в
+качестве ``обычного'' Promise ATA контроллера; ATA RAID поддерживается, но только с
+уровнями RAID0, RAID1 и RAID0+1.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">DA_OLD_QUIRKS</var>, предназначенный для драйвера
+диска CAM SCSI (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cam</span>(4)</span></a>) был
+удален. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>, которая
+могла приводить к прерыванию ввода/вывода в некоторых редких случаях.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_CONCAT</var> для соединения нескольких дисков в один.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_NOP</var> для различного тестирования.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_RAID3</var> для преобразования RAID3 и утилита пользователя <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=graid3&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">graid3</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_STRIPE</var>, который реализует преобразование RAID0. В этом классе
+есть два режима: ``fast'' и ``economic''. В режиме fast, когда используются очень
+небольшой размер страйпа, только один запрос ввода вывода отправляется к каждому диску в
+страйпе; это приблизительно в 10 раз быстрее для страйпов малого размера, чем режим
+economic и другие реализации RAID0. Хотя режим fast используется по умолчанию, он
+потребляет несколько больше памяти. Путем установки переменной загрузчика <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.fast</var> в 0 может быть включен режим economic, в
+котором запросы отправляются каждый раз. Возможно также указание максимального количества
+памяти, потребляемого в режиме fast, через переменную загрузчика <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.maxmem</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен GEOM Gate, который состоит из нового класса <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GATE</var> и нескольких утилит пользователя GEOM Gate (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatec</span>(8)</span></a>, and
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggated&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggated</span>(8)</span></a>). Он
+поддерживает экспорт устройств, включающих не приспособленные к <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> через
+сеть.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_LABEL</var> для обнаружения меток томов на различных файловых
+системах, таких как UFS, MSDOSFS (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32), и ISO9660.</p>
+
+<p>Новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GPT</var>, поддерживающий разделы GUID Partition Table (GPT) и
+возможность создания большого количества разделов на одном диске, был добавлен в <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> по умолчанию.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_MIRROR</var>, поддерживающий функциональность RAID1. Для контроля
+этого класса может использоваться утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gmirror&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gmirror</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_UZIP</var>, реализующий сжатые диски только для чтения. На данный
+момент он поддерживает формат сжатия дисков cloop V2.0.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_VINUM</var> для поддержки взаимодействия между <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает современные контроллеры Adaptec ServeRAID series SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает отсутствовавшие команды ATAPI MMC и правильно обрабатывает задержки.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Менеджер томов <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> был
+обновлен для использования <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>,
+инфраструктуры трансформирования дисковых запросов ввода-вывода 5.x. Была добавлена
+утилита пользователя <tt class="COMMAND">gvinum</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена поддержка LSI-type программного RAID.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. Файловые системы</a></h4>
+
+<p>Код файловой системы EXT2FS теперь включает частичную поддержку больших файлов (&gt;
+4GB). Частичность поддержки заключается в том, невозможно создать большие файлы на
+файловых системах, которые не были обновлены до <var class="LITERAL">EXT2_DYN_REV</var>
+или на тех, где в суперблоке не установлен флаг <var
+class="LITERAL">EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена паника в NFSv4 клиенте; она случалась при попытке работы с
+поддерживающим только NFSv3/NFSv2 сервером.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">MSDOSFS_LARGE</var> для поддержки
+файловых систем больших, чем 128GB. Этот параметр выключен по умолчанию. Имейте ввиду,
+что он использует как минимум 32 байта памяти ядра для каждого файла на диске; его
+использование безопасно только в четко контролируемых ситуациях, таких как монтирование
+файловой системы с менее чем 1 миллионом файлов только для чтения, и так далее. Экспорт
+этих больших файловых систем по NFS не поддерживается.</p>
+
+<p>Клиент SMBFS теперь поддерживает подпись SMB запроса, которая предотвращает атаки
+``man in the middle'' и необходима для подключения к серверам Windows 2003 в настройке по
+умолчанию. Поскольку подпись каждого сообщения понижает производительность, эта
+возможность включается только если сервер ее требует; со временем она может стать
+параметром <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_smbfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_smbfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN925" name="AEN925">2.2.6. Стороннее программное
+обеспечение</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ALTQ framework</b> была импортирована из снэпшота KAME от 7
+июня 2004 года. Этот импорт нарушает совместимость ABI в <var class="VARNAME">struct
+ifnet</var> и требует перекомпиляции всех сетевых драйверов. Кроме того, некоторые
+сетевые драйверы были изменены для поддержки инфраструктуры ALTQ. Обновлены драйверы <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tun&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tun</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> был обновлен с версии 3.4.31 до версии 3.4.35
+[MERGED].</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. Изменения в программах
+пользователя</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpidump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpidump</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает таблицы SSDT. Дамп или дизассемблирование DSDT теперь также включает
+содержимое этих таблиц, если они присутствуют.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-f</var> для работы с файлами вместо
+разделов диска.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdtar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdtar</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+используется в качестве утилиты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> в базовой
+системе FreeBSD по умолчанию. <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/tar</tt> был сделан
+символической ссылкой, указывающей по умолчанию на <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/bsdtar</tt>. Для возврата к <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/gtar</tt> по умолчанию, может быть использована переменная
+сборки <var class="VARNAME">WITH_GTAR</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены команды <tt class="COMMAND">bthidcontrol</tt> и <tt
+class="COMMAND">bthidd</tt>, поддерживающие Bluetooth HID (Human Interface Device).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=col&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">col</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colcrt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colcrt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colrm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colrm</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=column&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">column</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fmt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=join&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">join</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rev&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rev</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ul&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ul</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают многобайтовые символы.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает команды <var class="LITERAL">set</var> и <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var>, которые устанавливают/удаляют виртуальную консоль. <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var> направляет вывод из системы, например <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(9)</span></a> из
+ядра, на реальную основную консоль. Это интерфейс к tty ioctl <var
+class="LITERAL">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Даемон <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+принимает два параметра, <var class="OPTION">-j</var> и <var class="OPTION">-J</var>,
+включающие рассинхронизацию заданий, запускаемых непривилегированными пользователями и
+суперпользователем соответственно. Рассинхронизация означает, что перед выполнением
+задания <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a>
+останавливается на небольшой произвольный период времени в заданном пределе. Эта
+возможность предназначена для уменьшения пиков нагрузки, появляющихся при выполнении
+большого количества задач, запланированных на определенный момент времени. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Параметры <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cut&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cut</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-c</var>, <var class="OPTION">-d</var>, и <var class="OPTION">-f</var>
+теперь корректно работают в локалях с многобайтными символами.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает ключевое слово <var class="OPTION">iso8601</var> для отображения дат в
+формате ISO 8601.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-p</var> для создания PID файла.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">fillchar</var> для указания альтернативного
+символа заполнения в режиме конверсии, или при использовании <var
+class="OPTION">noerror</var> с <var class="OPTION">sync</var> при возникновении ошибки
+ввода.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-c</var> для отображения полной статистики
+файловых систем.</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a>, которая могла
+приводить к выводу некорректной информации при указании параметра <var
+class="OPTION">-t</var> и недоступности точки монтирования для вызывающего
+пользователя.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <tt class="COMMAND">doscmd</tt> была удалена из базовой системы FreeBSD и
+доступна через порт <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> из коллекции портов FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживают параметр <var class="OPTION">-P</var> для указания других методов
+резервного копирования (не в файлы или на ленты). Аргумент передается <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> с определенной
+переменной окружения <var class="VARNAME">$DUMP_VOLUME</var> или <var
+class="VARNAME">$RESTORE_VOLUME</var> соответственно. Дополнительная информация находится
+на страницах справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eeprom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">eeprom</span>(8)</span></a> для
+отображения и изменения настроек системы, сохраненных в EEPROM или NVRAM. Существующая
+реализация поддерживает системы, поставляемые с Open Firmware.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetwln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetwln</span>(3)</span></a>,
+версия <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetln</span>(3)</span></a> для
+расширенных символов.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-acl</var> в основном для поиска файлов с <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acl</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новый основной параметр <var class="OPTION">-depth <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">n</var></var>, который проверяет, соответствует ли глубина вложения
+данного файла относительно начальной точки поиска <var class="REPLACEABLE">n</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+при открытии сокета для передачи данных в активном режиме использует эффективный UID
+текущего пользователя, а не <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>. Это полезно для сопоставления
+анонимного FTP трафика правилу <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> с
+параметром <var class="LITERAL">uid</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы функции <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftw</span>(3)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nftw</span>(3)</span></a>. Они
+используются для прохода по иерархии каталогов.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(8)</span></a> для
+оперирования классами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> из
+пространства пользователя.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a>, утилита
+для работы с GUID таблицей разделов, теперь поддерживает команду <var
+class="OPTION">remove</var>. Ее команда <var class="OPTION">add</var> теперь поддерживает
+параметр <var class="OPTION">-i</var>, который позволяет пользователю определять номер
+для нового раздела.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">id</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-M</var> для вывода метки MAC текущего
+процесса.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает переименование сетевых интерфейсов на лету, используя параметр <var
+class="OPTION">name</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь выводит <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+статус интерфейса. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь предоставляет параметры <var class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> и <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>, контролирующие возможность получения расширенных фреймов
+некоторыми Ethernet интерфейсами (т.е. фреймов, содержащих более чем 1500 байт
+данных).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь предоставляет параметры <var class="OPTION">vlanhwtag</var> и <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanhwtag</var>, контролирующие возможность обработки тегов VLAN
+некоторыми Ethernet интерфейсами на аппаратном уровне.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-ldi</var> для управления выравниванием
+локальных переменных. В этой утилите было сделано несколько других изменений.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> now
+supports <var class="OPTION">-fbs</var> and <var class="OPTION">-ut</var> for function
+declarations with the opening brace on the same line as the declaration of arguments all
+spaces and no tabs in order to fix problem when non-8 space tabs are used.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-n</var> для запрета внесения любых изменений в
+правила ядра</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipcs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipcs</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-u</var> для отображения информации о IPC
+механизмах, принадлежащих определенному пользователю.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-b</var> для вывода только действия и
+комментария каждого правила, исключая тело правила.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-U</var> для запуска команды под пользователем,
+который существует только внутри среды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-l</var> для очистки окружения. Все переменные
+окружения очищаются, за исключением <var class="VARNAME">HOME</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">SHELL</var>, <var class="VARNAME">PATH</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">TERM</var>, и <var class="VARNAME">USER</var> перед запуском программы в
+jail под определенным пользователем. Это поведение подобно поведению <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> с параметром
+<var class="OPTION">-l</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита отладки ядра <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kgdb</span>(1)</span></a>, которая
+использует <b class="APPLICATION">libgdb</b> и работает с потоками ядра, модулями ядра и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kvm&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kvm</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-e</var>, с которым <var
+class="OPTION">-u</var> указывает на эффективный, а не реальный ID пользователя.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>В <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libalias&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libalias</span>(3)</span></a>
+теперь есть поддержка (и новый API) для нескольких синонимов в одном процессе.
+Существующий API был переписан в терминах нового для сохранения совместимости.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена библиотека <b class="APPLICATION">libarchive</b> для работы со сжатыми
+и несжатыми архивными файлами. Дополнительная информация может быть найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libdisk</b> теперь использует <var
+class="VARNAME">d_addr_t</var> для адресов дисков. Это позволяет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+правильно работать с дисками и файловыми системами размером более 1 TB.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> теперь поддерживает переменную окружения <var
+class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE</var> для включения режима 1:1 (используя набор
+системных потоков). Обратите внимание, что сборка <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> с
+флагом <var class="OPTION">-DSYSTEM_SCOPE_ONLY</var> также включает режим 1:1, и что этот
+параметр установлен по умолчанию для архитектур, которые еще не поддерживают режим M:N.
+Кроме того, переменная окружения <var class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE</var>
+может использоваться для принудительного включения режима M:N (используя набор потоков
+процесса). Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>заставляет приложение <var class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var> использовать
+системный набор потоков, а</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>соответственно заставляет его использовать набор потоков процесса.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в параметре <var class="OPTION">-d</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> была
+исправлена. Кроме того, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+корректно работает с многобайтными локалями.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+обрабатывает имена файлов как мультибайтовые последовательности символов, в соответствии
+с текущей переменной <var class="VARNAME">LC_CTYPE</var>, когда определяется какие
+символы печатаемые.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новую директиву <var class="LITERAL">.warning</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает POSIX-совместимый флаг <var class="LITERAL">+</var> в командных строках <tt
+class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>, которая приводит к выполнению строки даже при указании
+параметра <var class="OPTION">-n</var>. Это полезно например при вызове вложенных
+make.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+помещает переменные из командной строки в переменную <var
+class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, как этого требует POSIX. Это приводит к передаче
+переменных через все вложенные make, вызываемые через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> (кроме
+переменной <var class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, которая эксклюзивно изменяется в
+окружении вложенного make). Помимо прочего, это делает переменные не переписываемыми во
+вложенных make, кроме как из командной строки.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы функции C99 <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyint</span>(3)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyintf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyintf</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был реализован заголовок C99 <tt class="FILENAME">tgmath.h</tt>. Он предоставляет
+макрос для функций <tt class="FILENAME">math.h</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">complex.h</tt>, которые реализованы для float, double и long double.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы расширения GNU для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mbsnrtowcs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mbsnrtowcs</span>(3)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wcsnrtombs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">wcsnrtombs</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь позволяет пользователям устанавливать параметр отладки через файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь использует новый порядок при обработке ротации файлов. Сначала ротируются все
+файлы, которые необходимо ротировать, затем посылается одиночный сигнал каждому процессу,
+которому необходимо послать сигнал, и наконец все файлы, которые были ротированы,
+сжимаются.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nextwctype&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nextwctype</span>(3)</span></a>
+для перебора всех символов из определенного класса.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена первичная поддержка для UTF-8 версий всех поддерживаемых в настоящее
+время системных локалей. Это сделано в основном для порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/utf8locale/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/utf8locale</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Добавлена локаль Israel Hebrew <var class="LITERAL">he_IL.UTF-8</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logins&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">logins</span>(1)</span></a> для
+отображения информации о пользовательских и системных учетных записях.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mountd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-p</var>, позволяющий пользователям указывать
+известный порт для указания его в правилах брандмауэра.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь отображает членство в широковещательных группах, имеющихся в системе.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают флаг <var class="OPTION">-l</var> для установки MAC multilabel флага на
+новых системах без использования <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь сообщает о попытках входа через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Программа <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a> была
+перемещена из <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nologin</tt>. <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> стал
+символической ссылкой для обратной совместимости.</p>
+
+<p>В поддержку NSS было внесено исправление, которое решает проблемы с использованием
+сторонних NSS модулей (таких как <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/nss_ldap/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/nss_ldap</tt></a>) и групп с длинным списком членов.</p>
+
+<p>В <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">od</span>(1)</span></a> теперь есть
+поддержка многобайтных символов в стиле POSIX.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patch</span>(1)</span></a> была
+замещена BSD-лицензированной версией из OpenBSD. Она включает параметр <var
+class="OPTION">--posix</var> для строгого соответствия POSIX.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены команды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pgrep</span>(1)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkill&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkill</span>(1)</span></a>,
+пришедшие их NetBSD. Они также поддерживают параметр <var class="OPTION">-M</var> для
+извлечения значений, связанных со списком имен из указанного дампа (core) вместо <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt> по умолчанию, и параметр <var class="OPTION">-N</var> для
+извлечения списка имен из указанной системы вместо ядра (kernel) по умолчанию.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает команду ``set rad_alive <var class="REPLACEABLE">N</var>'' для
+периодического отправления учетной информации RADIUS на сервер RADIUS. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает команду ``set pppoe [standard|3Com]'' для настройки режима взаимодействия с
+низлежащим узлом Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_pppoe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_pppoe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Была улучшена совместимость <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> с POSIX/SUSv3.
+Эти изменения включают параметры <var class="OPTION">-p</var> для списка ID процессов,
+<var class="OPTION">-t</var> для списка имен терминалов, <var class="OPTION">-A</var>,
+которая эквивалентна <var class="OPTION">-ax</var>, <var class="OPTION">-G</var> для
+списка ID групп, <var class="OPTION">-X</var>, которая противоположна <var
+class="OPTION">-x</var>, и некоторые мелкие улучшения. За дальнейшей информацией
+обращайтесь к <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр форматирования <var class="OPTION">-O emul</var>, при котором
+печатается имя эмулируемых системных переменных окружения, в которых находится
+процесс.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-H</var>, который принимает указатель на файл с
+зашифрованным паролем. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a>,
+которая не позволяла ему правильно работать на интерфейсах более чем с одним IP адресом.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=regex&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">regex</span>(3)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает регулярные выражения, учитывая многобайтные символы.</p>
+
+<p>Файлы настройки, используемые <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a>,
+теперь поддерживают ключевые слова <var class="LITERAL">timeout:</var> и <var
+class="LITERAL">attempts:</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a> и
+ассоциированные интерфейсы теперь гораздо лучше подходят для повторного использования и
+работы с потоками. Множественные запросы к DNS теперь могут происходить одновременно, что
+приводит к значительному улучшению производительности некоторых многопоточных приложений.
+Некоторые многопоточные приложения необходимо перекомпилировать; примеры из коллекции
+портов: <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/www/mozilla/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">www/mozilla</tt></a> и варианты, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/evolution/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">mail/evolution</tt></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs</tt></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs2</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmdir&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmdir</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-v</var>, для вывода информации об удаляемых
+файлах.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь правильно работает для дамп файлов больше 2GB.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=script&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">script</span>(1)</span></a> была
+исправлена, и теперь он работает корректно если его стандартный ввод закрыт. Это
+исправление предотвращает потенциально опасное взаимодействие с пакетом <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>; если он запускался не интерактивно, то
+мог удалить все устаревшие порты без их переустановки.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен даемон <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sdpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sdpd</span>(8)</span></a>
+Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol.</p>
+
+<p>Команда <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">y</var> (транслирование) теперь поддерживает многобайтные символы.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены утилиты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sha1&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sha1</span>(1)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmd160&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmd160</span>(1)</span></a>.
+Подобно <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md5&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md5</span>(1)</span></a>, они
+вычисляют хэш вводимых данных. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена небольшая утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smbmsg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">smbmsg</span>(8)</span></a>, для
+отправки/получения SMBus сообщений.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+использует <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> в качестве компьютера по умолчанию в пакетах
+запроса <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talkd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talkd</span>(8)</span></a>, если
+назначение и источник локальны. Это делает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a>
+зависимым от правильно установленной записи для <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt> или в DNS.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает два новых параметра: параметр <var class="OPTION">-w</var>, позволяющий
+создание новых файлов, и параметр <var class="OPTION">-U</var>, позволяющий установку
+umask.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает отображение текущего количества I/O. Эта возможность может быть включена
+нажатием ``m'' или передачей параметра командной строки <var class="OPTION">-m
+io</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Многие утилиты пользователя в базовой системе (в основном предоставленные GNU утилиты)
+теперь используют системную версию <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getopt_long&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getopt_long</span>(3)</span></a>,
+вместо GNU версии.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. Скрипты <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p>Скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">diskless</tt> был разделен на <tt
+class="FILENAME">hostname</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolve</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">tmp</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">var</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">gbde_swap</tt>, поддерживающий gbde
+устройства подкачки. При указании переменной <var class="VARNAME">gbde_swap_enable</var>
+в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+устройство подкачки <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var class="REPLACEABLE">foo.bde</var></tt>
+из <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a>
+автоматически подключается во время загрузки с устройством <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">foo</var></tt> и случайным ключом, полученным как контрольная сумма
+MD5 от 512 байт, прочитанных из <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/random</tt>. Обратите внимание,
+что это делает невозможным восстановление дампов ядра.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены <var class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> и <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_verbose</var>. Когда <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> установлена в <var class="LITERAL">YES</var>,
+политика выбора адреса загружается в ядро. Если существует <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/ip6addrctl.conf</tt>, он будет использован, иначе будет
+задействована политика по умолчанию. Применяется политика по умолчанию, описанная в RFC
+3484, если <var class="VARNAME">ipv6_enable</var> установлена в <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var>. Иначе в качестве политики по умолчанию будет использована
+политика приоритетов для адресов IPv4.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">mixer</tt>. При завершении работы сохраняет
+текущие настройки всех аудио микшеров, присутствующих в системе, и восстанавливает их при
+загрузке.</p>
+
+<p>Скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">named</tt> был обновлен для поддержки <b
+class="APPLICATION">BIND 9</b> в базовой системе. Изменения включают:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> по
+умолчанию запускается в каталоге <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. Это поведение может быть отменено переменной <var
+class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> в файле <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var>,
+а каталог <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> может
+быть изменен переменной <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> в том же файле.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Когда переменная <var class="VARNAME">named_chroot_autoupdate</var> установлена в <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var> (это значение по умолчанию), каталог chroot автоматически
+настраивается во время загрузки. Символическая ссылка, которая указывает на <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/etc/namedb</tt>, создается как <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/namedb</tt>, а символическая ссылка, которая указывает в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/var/run/named/pid</tt>, создается как <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/named/pid</tt>. Последнее может быть отменено переменной <var
+class="VARNAME">named_symlink_enable</var> в файле <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">rndc.key</tt> создается автоматически, если еще не
+существует.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Были добавлены скрипты <tt class="FILENAME">pf</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">pflog</tt>
+для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. Стороннее программное
+обеспечение</a></h3>
+
+<p>Код <b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> был обновлен с с снэпшота 20030619 до снэпшота
+20040527.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">AMD (am-utils)</b> был обновлен с версии 6.0.9 до версии
+6.0.10p1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">awk</b> от Bell Labs был обновлен с релиза от 29 июня 2003 года
+до релиза 7 февраля 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> был обновлен с версии 8.3.1-REL до версии 9.3.0.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> были обновлены до снэпшота от 23 мая 2004 из ветви
+FSF 2.15.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> был обновлен с версии 1.11.15 до версии 1.11.17.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FILE</b> был обновлен с версии 3.41 до версии 4.10.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">gdtoa</b> (библиотека, выполняющая преобразования чисел между
+бинарным и десятичным форматами) была обновлена с версии 20030324 до версии 20040118.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GDB</b> был обновлен до версии 6.1.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU GCC</b> был обновлен с версии 3.3.3-prerelease от 6 ноября,
+2003 до 3.4.2-prerelease от 28 июля, 2004.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> был обновлен с версии 2.4d до версии 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">less</b> был обновлен с версии 371 до версии 381.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU readline</b> 4.3 была обновлена официальными патчами с 001
+до 005.</p>
+
+<p>Библиотека <b class="APPLICATION">GNU regex</b> была обновлена до версии, включенной в
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU sort</b> был обновлен с textutils 2.1 до снэпшота coreutils
+5.2.1 от 12 августа 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация <b class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b> в основной системе теперь называется <tt
+class="FILENAME">gtar</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> был обновлен с версии 0.6 до версии
+0.6.1.</p>
+
+<p>Клиент <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> был обновлен c версии 3.0.1 RC10 до версии
+3.0.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> была обновлена с версии 0.7.1 до версии 0.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b> был обновлен с снэпшота от 3 ноября 2003 года до
+снэпшота от 9 августа 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> был обновлен с версии 4.1.1a до версии 4.2.0.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> был обновлен с релиза Dogwood до релиза
+Eelgrass.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> был обновлен с версии 3.6.1p1 до версии
+3.8.1p1.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Настройка по умолчанию для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> была
+изменена. SSH протокол версии 1 теперь не включен по умолчанию. Кроме того,
+аутентификация по паролю через SSH выключена по умолчанию если включен PAM.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> был обновлен с версии 0.9.7c до версии 0.9.7d.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> VIA C3 Nehemiah PadLock ACE (Advanced
+Cryptography Engine) криптографии, которая предоставляет шифрование Advanced Encryption
+Standard (AES), была импортирована из пререлиза <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">pf</b>, пакетный фильтр OpenBSD из OpenBSD 3.5-stable, был
+импортирован в дерево исходных текстов FreeBSD, и теперь установлен по умолчанию.
+Добавлены также два новых пользователя (<tt class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> и <tt
+class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>) и три новых группы (<tt class="USERNAME">authpf</tt>, <tt
+class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> и <tt class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>), которые необходимы <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> При обновлении из исходных текстов, должны быть добавлены эти
+учетные записи. Для добавления этих записей в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> может
+быть использован <var class="LITERAL">mergemaster -p</var>. Для выключения сборки <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b> может быть использована переменная <var
+class="VARNAME">NO_PF</var> в <tt class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Были импортированы несколько утилит пользователя из OpenBSD <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp-proxy&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp-proxy</span>(8)</span></a> это
+ftp прокси для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pfctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pfctl</span>(8)</span></a> это
+эквивалент <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipf</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pflogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pflogd</span>(8)</span></a> это
+даемон для протоколирования пакетов через <var class="LITERAL">if_pflog</var> в формате
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcap&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcap</span>(3)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=authpf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">authpf</span>(8)</span></a>
+оболочка для изменения наборов правил <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">routed</b> был обновлен с релиза 2.22 до релиза 2.27 с
+rhyolite.com. Обратите внимание, что для тех, кто использовал возможность RIP MD5
+аутентификацию, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+несовместим с предыдущими версиями FreeBSD; однако, теперь он совместим с реализациями от
+Sun, Cisco и других поставщиков.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> был обновлен с версии 8.12.10 до версии 8.13.1.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> был обновлен с версии 3.7.1 до версии 3.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> был обновлен с версии 6.11 до 6.13.00.</p>
+
+<p>База данных временных зон была обновлена с <tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2003a</tt> до
+<tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2004a</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">zlib</b> был обновлен с версии 1.1.4 до версии 1.2.1.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. Инфраструктура коллекции
+портов/пакетов</a></h3>
+
+<p>Большинство скриптов запуска/останова, устанавливаемые различными портами, теперь
+используют новую инфраструктуру <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a>, представленную
+в FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, хотя некоторые порты все еще используют
+скрипты в старом стиле. При запуске сначала выполняются скрипты в новом стиле, а затем в
+старом. При останове все происходит в точности наоборот.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен и включен по умолчанию атрибут <var class="LITERAL">SIZE</var> для
+distfiles, который может быть использован для проверки размеров файлов перед загрузкой.
+<var class="VARNAME">DISABLE_SIZE</var> может быть использована для запрещения проверки
+размера. Это особенно полезно на старых версиях FreeBSD, где нет соответствующей
+поддержки в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>, и для
+некоторых FTP прокси, которые всегда выдают неверные размеры.</p>
+
+<p>Для отслеживания наиболее важных изменений в дерево портов были добавлены два файла:
+<tt class="FILENAME">ports/CHANGES</tt> содержит список основных изменений в коллекции
+портов и ее инфраструктуре. <tt class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt> описывает некоторые
+потенциально проблемные случаи, которые могут встретиться при обновлении определенных
+портов, по аналогии с <tt class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> в базовой системе.</p>
+
+<p>Код обработки версий в системных утилитах <tt class="FILENAME">pkg_*</tt> был
+переписан для восстановления совместимости с 4.x и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Инструментарий пакетов теперь может искать совпадения с помощью операторов отношения и
+выборов в стиле csh <var class="LITERAL">{...}</var>, например:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">pkg_info -I 'docbook&#62;=3.0'</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>отобразит (все) docbook DTD с версией как минимум 3.0. Дополнительные параметры
+командной строки также были добавлены для поддержки шаблонов.</p>
+
+<p>Была улучшена обработка сбойных баз данных пакетов.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-S</var> для добавления префикса ко всем
+<var class="LITERAL">@cwd</var> во время создания пакета.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-j</var> для отображения скрипта
+зависимостей каждого пакета.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. Подготовка релизов и
+интеграция</a></h3>
+
+<p>Поддержка криптографии в FreeBSD более не опциональный компонент релизов, и
+дистрибутивный компонент <var class="LITERAL">crypto</var> теперь часть <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>. Обратите внимание, что параметр сборки <var
+class="OPTION">-DNOCRYPT</var> все еще существует для всех, кто хочет собрать бинарные
+файлы без поддержки криптографии.</p>
+
+<p>Поддерживаемый релиз <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> был обновлен с версии 2.4 до
+версии 2.6.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Если вы используете старый <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> десктоп
+отдельно (<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>), простое обновление его из коллекции портов FreeBSD
+с помощью <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) вызовет серьезные проблемы. Если вы
+используете <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> в качестве десктопа, внимательно прочтите
+инструкции <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html</a>, и используйте скрипт <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt> для правильного обновления до <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.6.</p>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что если вы используете только библиотеки <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+будет достаточно для обновления портов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Поддерживаемый релиз <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> был обновлен с версии 3.1.4 до
+версии 3.2.3.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/portaudit/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">security/portaudit</tt></a> теперь находится в коллекции портов FreeBSD.
+Эта утилита читает базу данных, содержащую известные уязвимости портов, и сообщает о них
+администратору.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD теперь использует <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> вместо <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> в качестве X Window System по умолчанию. Поддерживаемый
+релиз <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> - X11R6.7.0. Обратите внимание, что <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> также доступен из коллекции портов FreeBSD (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/XFree86-4/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/XFree86-4</tt></a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. Документация</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. Обновление с предыдущих релизов
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Пользователям с уже установленными системами FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">настоятельно</i></span> рекомендуется прочесть ``Руководство для новых
+пользователей FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE''. На дистрибутивном носителе или в любом другом месте,
+где можно найти информацию о релизе, имя файла этого документа обычно <tt
+class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt>. Он предоставляет отдельные заметки по обновлению, но,
+что более важно, сравнительно рассматривает работу с 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> и
+обновление до 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Обновление FreeBSD конечно же должно производиться только после
+резервного копирования <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">всех</i></span> данных
+и файлов настройки.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-amd64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-amd64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c232965128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-amd64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,2302 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Информация о релизе FreeBSD/amd64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Информация о релизе FreeBSD/amd64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.5 2004/10/11 12:59:07 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN13" name="AEN13"></a>
+<p>Заметки о релизе для FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE содержат общую информацию по изменениям,
+внесенным в систему FreeBSD с момента выпуска 5.2.1-RELEASE. Этот документ содержит
+список сообщений безопасности, выпущенных после последнего релиза, а также список
+значительных изменений, внесенных в ядро и пользовательские программы FreeBSD.
+Представлены также краткие заметки по обновлению системы.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>Содержание</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">Введение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">Что нового</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">Сообщения безопасности</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">Изменения в ядре</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">Изменения в загрузчике</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">Поддержка оборудования</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">Сетевые протоколы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">Диски и хранение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">Файловые системы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN925">Стороннее программное обеспечение</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">Изменения в программах пользователя</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">Скрипты <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">Стороннее программное обеспечение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">Инфраструктура коллекции портов/пакетов</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">Подготовка релизов и интеграция</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">Документация</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">Обновление с предыдущих релизов FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>Этот документ содержит информацию о релизе FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE для аппаратной
+платформы AMD64. В нем описаны недавно добавленные, измененные, или удаленные возможности
+FreeBSD. Он также представляет некоторые заметки по обновлению с предыдущей версии
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Этот дистрибутив FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE представляет собой release. Его можно найти на <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> или на любом из
+зеркал. Дополнительная информация по получению этого (или другого) release дистрибутива
+FreeBSD может быть найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">приложении ``Получение FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">Руководства
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Всем пользователям рекомендуется ознакомиться с сообщениями о проблемах перед
+установкой FreeBSD. В этот документ вносятся самая последняя информация, полученная в
+позже в процессе выпуска релиза или после релиза. Обычно в нем находятся информация о
+известных ошибках, сообщениях безопасности и исправления документации. Актуальную копию
+сообщений о проблемах для FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE можно найти на веб сайте FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. Что нового</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этом разделе описаны основные видимые пользователю добавленные или измененные с
+5.2.1-RELEASE возможности FreeBSD. Как правило, изменения, описанные здесь, уникальны для
+5-STABLE, если только они не помечены как [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>Обычно в информации о релизе последовательно включены последние сообщения
+безопасности, выпущенные после 5.3-RELEASE, информация о поддержки новых драйверов или
+оборудования, новых команд или параметров, информация о основных исправлениях ошибок, или
+обновлениях стороннего программного обеспечения. В нем могут также перечисляться
+изменения важнейших портов/пакетов или практики выпуска релизов. Конечно, в информацию о
+релизе не вносятся данные о каждом отдельном изменении, сделанном в FreeBSD между
+релизами; этот документ фокусируется в основном на сообщениях безопасности, видимых
+пользователю изменениях, и основных архитектурных улучшениях.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. Сообщения безопасности</a></h3>
+
+<p>Исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>;
+она приводила к сбрасыванию флагов файловой системы к их значению по умолчанию при
+создании снимка (снэпшота) файловой системы. Возможные последствия зависят от способа
+использования, но могут привести к отключению дополнительных списков контроля доступа,
+или разрешению использования setuid бита на исполняемых файлах, расположенных на
+недоверяемой файловой системе. Эта ошибка также относится к параметру <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-L</var>, где используется <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>.
+Обратите внимание, что <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>
+обычно доступен только суперпользователям и членам группы <tt
+class="GROUPNAME">operator</tt>. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению
+безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:01.mksnap_ffs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:01</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Исправлена ошибка в интерфейсе System V Shared Memory (а именно в системном вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shmat&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">shmat</span>(2)</span></a>). Эта
+ошибка приводила к расположению сегмента совместно используемой памяти в невыделенном
+участке памяти ядра. Это может привести к получению атакующим неавторизованного доступа к
+частям памяти ядра, с возможным раскрытием важной информации, обходу механизмов контроля
+доступа, или расширению привилегий. Более детальная информация может быть найдена в
+сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:02.sh mat.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:02</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в коде системного вызова <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail_attach&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail_attach</span>(2)</span></a>.
+Эта ошибка может позволить процессу с привилегиями суперпользователя внутри среды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> изменить
+свой корневой каталог на корневой каталог другой среды jail, и таким образом получить
+полный доступ на чтение и запись к файлам и каталогам внутри этого jail. Дополнительная
+информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:03.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:03</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Потенциальная DoS атака с низким трафиком на TCP стек FreeBSD была предотвращена путем
+ограничения количества TCP сегментов вне последовательности, которые могут одновременно
+обслуживаться. Более детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:04.tcp.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:04</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в SSL/TLS ChangeCipherSpec сообщении <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, которая могла привести к удалению нулевого указателя.
+Она позволяла удаленной атакующей стороне вызвать крах приложений, использующих <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, и привести к отказу в обслуживании (DoS). Более
+детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:05.openssl.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:05</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в коде обработки некоторых параметров сокета IPv6 в системном
+вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setsockopt&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setsockopt</span>(2)</span></a>.
+Она позволяла атакующему локально вызвать системную панику, а также могла позволять
+неавторизованный доступ к частям памяти ядра, что могло привести к раскрытию важной
+информации, обходу механизмов контроля доступа, или расширению привилегий. Более
+детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:06.ipv6.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:06</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены две ошибки в коде <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>. Они позволяли
+серверу перезаписывать произвольные файлы клиента, а клиенту читать произвольные файлы на
+сервере при удаленном доступе к CVS репозиториям. Более детальная информация может быть
+найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:07.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:07</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Внесено исправление в <b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b>, исправляющее проблему,
+вследствие которой не производилась адекватная проверка аутентификации между автономными
+realm. Более подробная информация находится в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:08.heimdal.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:08</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка в <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, позволявшая
+злонамеренному клиенту перезаписывать произвольные участки памяти сервера. За дальнейшей
+информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:10.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:10</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена потенциальная проблема с целостностью кэша в реализации системного
+вызова <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=msync&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">msync</span>(2)</span></a>,
+использующей операцию <var class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>. Однако, в качестве
+побочного эффекта исправления проблемы безопасности, флаг <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var> более не гарантирует выгрузку из памяти всех страниц.
+Пользователи, которым требуется старая семантика <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>, могут установить переменную sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_msync</var>, если их не беспокоит данная проблема безопасности. За
+дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:11.msync.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:11</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка в системном вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>, которая
+приводила к ошибке проверки попытки манипулирования таблицами маршрутизации из jail. За
+дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:12.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:12</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка обработки некоторых системных вызовов Linux,
+вследствие которой мог стать возможным доступ к областям памяти без соответствующей
+проверки. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:13.linux.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:13</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Множество программных ошибок в <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, могущих привести к
+раскрытию информации, DoS, или выполнению произвольного кода, были исправлены путем
+обновления до <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> 1.11.17. За дальнейшей информацией
+обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:14.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:14</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <var class="LITERAL">CONS_SCRSHOT</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a> была
+исправлена; она может привести к получению неавторизованного доступа к областям памяти
+ядра с возможным раскрытием критической информации, пропуску механизмов контроля доступа,
+или к получению повышенных привилегий. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению
+безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:15.syscons.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:15</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. Изменения в ядре</a></h3>
+
+<p><var class="LITERAL">ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var> были добавлены и включены по умолчанию.
+Это меняет поведение блокирующих мьютексов, которые переключаются, если поток, которому
+принадлежит мьютекс, выполняется другим процессором. Это поведение может быть изменено
+путем установки параметра ядра <var class="VARNAME">NO_ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен параметр ядра <var class="VARNAME">ADAPTIVE_GIANT</var>, который включает
+адаптивность Giant блокировки при включении адаптивности мьютексов. Это повышает
+производительность SMP систем и включено по умолчанию на i386.</p>
+
+<p>Интерфейс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>
+теперь прозрачно поддерживает выравнивание и установление границ в теге DMA при загрузке
+буферов, и <code class="FUNCTION">bus_dmamap_load()</code> будет автоматически
+использовать сброс буферов когда это необходимо. Кроме того, был добавлен набор
+переменных sysctl <var class="VARNAME">hw.busdma.*</var> для статистики <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>
+была переписана с новым алгоритмом, который серьезно повышает надежность при высокой
+нагрузке. Старый алгоритм может быть использован путем установки sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_contigmalloc</var>. Дополнительная информация может быть получена
+со страницы справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Правила path <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> теперь
+корректно работают с каталогами.</p>
+
+<p>API <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getvfsent&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getvfsent</span>(3)</span></a> был
+удален.</p>
+
+<p>Переменная загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.allow_unsupported_io_range</var>
+была удалена.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает использование raw сокетов изнутри jail. Эта возможность отключена по
+умолчанию и контролируется переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.allow_raw_sockets</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новый фильтр <var class="LITERAL">EVFILT_FS</var>, который используется для
+отправки сигналов файловой системы в пространство пользователя. На данный момент
+сигнализируются события mount, unmount и up/down статус NFS.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая инфраструктура отладки, KDB. Она состоит из новой подсистемы GDB,
+которая была переписана для поддержки потоков, run-length encoding compression, и так
+далее, и внешний интерфейс, в инфраструктуре которого могут быть настроены несколько
+различных подсистем отладки, и предоставлены основные сервисы для этих подсистем. Были
+изменены следующие параметры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>KDB включен по умолчанию через параметры ядра <var class="LITERAL">options KDB</var>,
+<var class="LITERAL">options GDB</var>, и <var class="LITERAL">options DDB</var>. <var
+class="LITERAL">DDB</var> и <var class="LITERAL">GDB</var> указывают, какие подсистемы
+KDB включать.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">WITNESS_DDB</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">WITNESS_KDB</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_TRACE</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_TRACE</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_UNATTENDED</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_UNATTENDED</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_DDBKEY</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_KDBKEY</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_NOKLDSYM</var> был удален. Новая подсистема DDB поддерживает
+pre-linker symbol lookups, так же как и KLD symbol lookups одновременно.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">GDB_REMOTE_CHAT</var> был удален. Это изменение GDB протокола
+специфично для FreeBSD. Вместе с тем в протоколе GDB есть пакеты для вывода на
+консоль.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>KDB дает также единственный способ взаимодействия для любого и всего кода, которому
+необходимо использование функций отладки, таких как вход в отладчик или обработка
+альтернативной последовательности прерывания. Для этих целей внешний интерфейс был сделан
+не опциональным. Все отладочные запросы перенаправляются или обрабатываются текущей
+подсистемой. Выбор текущей подсистемы выполняется переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.current</var>. Список установленных переменных находится в <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.available</var>. В отладчик можно перейти, записав в sysctl
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.enter</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.stop_cpus</var>.
+Она контролирует, будут или нет IPI (Inter Processor Interrupts) для других CPU переданы
+при входе в отладчик, чтобы остановить их в отладчике.</p>
+
+<p>Загружаемые модули ядра теперь работают и включаются при загрузке amd64.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена предварительная поддержка запуска 32-битных бинарных файлов Linux на
+amd64. Эта возможность включена параметром ядра <var
+class="LITERAL">COMPAT_LINUX32</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра, <var class="LITERAL">MAC_STATIC</var>, который
+отключает внутреннюю синхронизацию MAC Framework, защищая от динамической загрузки и
+выгрузки политик MAC.</p>
+
+<p>Политика <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> теперь поддерживает
+определение и применение только первого правила из всех соответствующих правил. Эта
+возможность может быть включена установкой новой переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_firstmatch_enabled</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Политика <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> теперь может протоколировать
+неудачные попытки записи в syslog <var class="LITERAL">AUTHPRIV</var>. Эта возможность
+может быть включена установкой новой переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_logging</var>.</p>
+
+<p>mballoc был замещен на mbuma, Mbuf и Cluster аллокаторы основаны на множестве
+расширений инфраструктуры UMA. В связи с этим изменением, параметр ядра <var
+class="LITERAL">NMBCLUSTERS</var> более не используется. Максимальное количество
+кластеров по прежнему устанавливается в соответствии с <var
+class="LITERAL">maxusers</var>, но может быть сделано неограниченным путем установки
+переменной загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">kern.ipc.nmbclusters</var> в нуль.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/mem</tt>, и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/io</tt> теперь также поставляются в виде загружаемых модулей
+ядра.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a>,
+вследствие которой страницы, помеченные как <var class="LITERAL">PROT_NONE</var>, могли
+стать читаемыми при определенных условиях, была исправлена. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Новая переменная загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> была добавлена
+и включена по умолчанию. Она отключает блокировку Giant при работе сетевого стека
+FreeBSD, что приводит к повышению производительности за счет улучшения параллельности и
+уменьшения задержек при сетевых вычислениях. Обратите внимание, что включение узла
+Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tty&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tty</span>(4)</span></a>, KAME
+IPsec, и подсистемы IPX/SPX приводит к включению сетевых операций с Giant, или к
+появлению предупреждения при динамической загрузке этих компонентов, поскольку для
+корректной работы им требуется блокировка Giant.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра, <var class="VARNAME">NET_WITH_GIANT</var>. Он
+восстанавливает значение debug.mpsafenet по умолчанию (<var class="LITERAL">0</var>), и
+предназначен для использования на системах, собранных с небезопасными компонентами, или
+там, где желательна более консервативная конфигурация.</p>
+
+<p>Переменная загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafevm</var> была включена по
+умолчанию.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">PREEMPTION</var>. Он позволяет
+вытеснять потоки в ядре потоками с более высокими приоритетами. Этот параметр позволяет
+повысить интерактивность и ускоряет работу потоков.</p>
+
+<p>В дерево dev sysctl был добавлен уровень devclass для поддержки переменных по классам
+устройств, в дополнение к переменным по устройствам. Это означает, что <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo0.bar</var> теперь называются <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.0.bar</var>, и возможно также наличие <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.bar</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая переменная sysctl, <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.always_console_output</var>. Она направляет вывод ядра на консоль
+независимо от <var class="VARNAME">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">kern.sched.name</var>, в которой
+находится имя используемого планировщика, и переменная <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.quantum</var> была перемещена в <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.sched.quantum</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Обновлено управление ресурсами и энергопотреблением шины <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Хотя управление состоянием энергопотребления в шине <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a> было
+включено по умолчанию, это может привести к проблемам на некоторых системах. Оно может
+быть отключено путем установки переменной <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.do_powerstate</var>
+в <var class="LITERAL">0</var>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Планировщик ULE был добавлен в качестве дополнительного планировщика. Обратите
+внимание, что в качестве планировщика по умолчанию в ядре <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> все еще используется традиционный 4BSD. Для большинства
+пользователей интерактивность возросла во многих случаях. Это означает меньшее количество
+``пропусков'' и ``рывков'' в интерактивных приложениях, когда компьютер сильно загружен.
+Это не предотвращает проблем с перегруженными дисковыми подсистемам, но может помочь при
+перегруженных CPU. На компьютерах с SMP, ULE реализует очереди для каждого CPU, позволяя
+использовать CPU affinity, CPU binding, и расширенную поддержку HyperThreading, а также
+предоставляет основу для дальнейших оптимизаций в будущем. При продолжении разработки
+fine-grained kernel locking, планировщик сможет более эффективно использовать доступные
+параллельные ресурсы.</p>
+
+<p>Линейный алгоритм поиска, использовавшийся в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a>, был замещен на алгоритм
+O(log n), строящий карту в виде дерева. Он значительно снижает нагрузку в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a> для приложений, которые
+используют <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a> во
+многих сотнях или тысячах вхождений.</p>
+
+<p>Переменные загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">debug.witness_*</var> были переименованы в
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.witness.*</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Динамический и статический линковщик FreeBSD теперь поддерживает Thread Local Storage
+(TLS), возможность <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> определять модификатор <var
+class="LITERAL">__thread</var> к определению глобальных и статических переменных. Этот
+дополнительный модификатор означает, что значение переменной локально по отношению к
+потоку; один поток, изменяющий это значение, не повлияет на значение переменной в любом
+другом потоке.</p>
+
+<p>Был обновлен код ядра, выделяющий файловые дескрипторы, и теперь он заимствован из
+кода OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. Изменения в загрузчике</a></h4>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. Поддержка оборудования</a></h4>
+
+<p>Добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_video&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_video</span>(4)</span></a>
+для обеспечения управления переключением экранов и фоновой яркостью с использованием
+видео расширений ACPI.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=agp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">agp</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает AMD64 graphics aperture relocation table (GART).</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nmdm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nmdm</span>(4)</span></a> был
+переписан для увеличения надежности.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">raid(4)</tt> (диск RAIDframe из NetBSD) был удален. В
+настоящее время он не функционален, и потребует дополнительного объема работы, чтобы
+стать работоспособным под существующим <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> API в
+5-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p>Запись для драйвера <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcic</span>(4)</span></a> была
+исключена из файла конфигурации ядра <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt>, поскольку драйвер
+более не поддерживается. Эта запись была закомментирована в течение длительного
+времени.</p>
+
+<p>Добавлены переменные ядра для <var class="VARNAME">hw.uart.console</var> и <var
+class="VARNAME">hw.uart.dbgport</var> для устройства <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uart&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uart</span>(4)</span></a>. Они
+могут быть использованы соответственно для выбора последовательной консоли и отладочного
+порта, как и атрибуты.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер устройства <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> для
+поддержки управляемых с консоли последовательных адаптеров BWCT.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucycom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ucycom</span>(4)</span></a> для
+поддержки семейства мостов USB к RS232 Cypress CY7C637xx и CY7C640/1xx, один из которых
+используется в DeLorme Earthmate USB GPS приемнике (который и является единственным
+поддерживаемым этим драйвером устройством на данный момент). Этот драйвер не полон,
+поскольку в нем еще нет поддержки вывода и контроля потока.</p>
+
+<p>Инфраструктура драйверов устройств (как и многие драйверы) была обновлена. Среди
+прочих изменений: еще больше драйверов теперь используют автоматически выделяемые главные
+(major) номера (вместо старых статических главных номеров). Расширены функции по
+поддержке клонирования псевдо-устройств. Несколько изменений в API драйверов, включая
+новое поле <var class="VARNAME">d_version</var> в <var class="VARNAME">struct
+cdevsw</var>. Обратите внимание, что сторонние драйвера устройств потребуют
+перекомпиляции после этого изменения.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. Поддержка мультимедиа</a></h5>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">meteor</tt> (видеозахват) был удален вследствие
+неработоспособности и отсутствия поддержки.</p>
+
+<p>Код Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) был обновлен из дерева CVS DRI Project от 26 мая
+2004 года. Это обновление включает новые PCI ID и новый пакет для Radeon.</p>
+
+<p>Драйверы для различных звуковых карт были реорганизованы; <var class="LITERAL">device
+sound</var> это общий звуковой драйвер, а <var class="LITERAL">device snd_*</var> это
+звуковые драйвера устройств. Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">midi</tt>, поддерживающий
+последовательный порт и несколько звуковых карт, был удален. Дополнительные подробности
+находятся на соответствующих страницах справочной системы: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_als4000&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_als4000</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>, и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a> (бывший
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>) был
+модифицирован для чтения <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> при запуске, чтобы
+восстанавливать значения каналов mixer по умолчанию. Обратите внимание, что в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> все еще используется имя драйвера <var
+class="LITERAL">pcm</var>. Дополнительную информацию и примеры можно найти на странице
+справочной системы <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. Поддержка сетевых
+интерфейсов</a></h5>
+
+<p>Было исправлено кратковременно отключение в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> во время
+перенастройки параметров. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwip&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwip</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий IP через FireWire. Обратите внимание, что на данный момент номер
+широковещательного канала жестко установлен и MCAP для широковещательного выделения
+каналов не поддерживается. Этот драйвер предназначен для соответствия стандартам RFC 2734
+и RFC 3146 IP через FireWire и со временем заменит драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+использует дерево устройств sysctl, например <var class="VARNAME">dev.fxp0</var>, и эти
+переменные sysctl могут быть установлены для каждого устройства.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+предоставляет реальный контроль над возможностью получения расширенных фреймов Ethernet,
+отображаемый как <var class="LITERAL">VLAN_MTU</var>. Она может переключаться из
+пространства пользователя параметрами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> и <var class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает длинные фреймы, и может использоваться для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vlan</span>(4)</span></a> с полным
+размером Ethernet MTU.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает TCP/UDP Transmit/Receive разгрузку контрольной суммы (checksum offload) на
+прием/передачу. Поскольку <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> не
+компенсирует контрольную сумму для UDP дейтаграммы, которая может принимать значение <var
+class="LITERAL">0x0</var>, UDP разгрузка контрольной суммы на передачу выключена по
+умолчанию. Она может быть включена путем установки параметра соединения <var
+class="OPTION">link0</var> через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий карты Intel PRO/10GBE 10 Gigabit Ethernet. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, которая
+делала невозможной работу VLAN. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены несколько ошибок, относящиеся к поддержке <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a> в
+драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены несколько ошибок, относящихся к обработке multicast и promiscuous
+режимов в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a>. Он
+предоставляет поддержку USB Ethernet адаптеров, основанных на Davicom DM9601 чипсете.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий чип VIA Networking Technologies VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet и интегрированный
+10/100/1000 copper PHY.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка аппаратной TX контрольной суммы в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> была отключена,
+поскольку она не работала корректно и уменьшала скорость передачи данных. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка интерфейсами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+теперь может быть включена поинтерфейсно. Следующие сетевые драйверы поддерживают <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a>. Эта
+возможность может управляться через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> (за
+исключением <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>).
+[MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. Сетевые протоколы</a></h4>
+
+<p>Драйвер туннеля <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает WCCP версии 2.</p>
+
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">versrcreach</var>, для проверки наличия в
+таблице маршрутизатора действующего маршрута к адресу источника пакета. Этот параметр
+очень полезен для маршрутизаторов с полной информацией об основных маршрутах интернет в
+таблице маршрутизации (BGP) для отбрасывания пакетов с подделанными или
+немарштутизируемыми адресами источников. Например,</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not versrcreach
+</pre>
+
+это эквивалент следующей команды в синтаксисе Cisco IOS: 
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ip verify unicast source reachable-via any
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">antispoof</var>, для проверки адреса источника
+входящих пакетов на принадлежность к непосредственно подключенной сети. Если сеть
+подключена непосредственно, входящий пакет проверяется на соответствие интерфейсу, с
+которого он пришел. Когда входящий интерфейс и подключенный непосредственно интерфейс не
+совпадают, пакет не соответствует правилу. Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not antispoof in
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">jail</var>, для ассоциации со специфическим
+ID. Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+count ip from any to any jail 2
+</pre>
+
+Имейте ввиду, что это правило на данный момент применяется только к TCP и UDP пакетам.
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает таблицы адресов (lookup tables), полезные при обработке больших наборов
+разных адресов. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Правило <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">forward</var> было встроено в ядро параметром <var
+class="LITERAL">IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Новая переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.process_options</var> для
+контроля обработки параметров IP. При установке этой переменной в <var
+class="LITERAL">0</var> параметры IP игнорируются и передаются не измененными, при
+установке в <var class="LITERAL">1</var> все параметры IP обрабатываются (поведение по
+умолчанию), а при установке в <var class="LITERAL">2</var> все пакеты с параметрами IP
+отбрасываются с сообщением ICMP filter prohibited.</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены некоторые ошибки в реализации IPsec от KAME Project. Эти ошибки были
+связаны с освобождением объектов памяти перед тем, как все ссылки на эти объекты были
+удалены, они могли стать причиной странного поведения или паники ядра после очистки
+Security Policy Database (SPD).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает несколько экземпляров через новый параметр <var
+class="OPTION">globalports</var>. Он позволяет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> привязку
+к различным сетевым интерфейсам и распределение нагрузки.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_atmllc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_atmllc</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который работает с RFC 1483 ATM LLC инкапсуляцией.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_hub&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_hub</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который поддерживает простую рассылку пакетов и работает как концентратор Ethernet.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_rfc1490&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_rfc1490</span>(4)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает инкапсуляцию в стиле Cisco, которая часто используется вместе с RFC
+1490 в соединениях frame relay.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_sppp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+являющийся интерфейсом <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netgraph&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netgraph</span>(4)</span></a> к
+оригинальному сетевому модулю <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> для
+синхронных линий.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый метод Netgraph, позволяющий восстановление поведения, потерянного
+при изменении стиля узлов Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tee&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tee</span>(4)</span></a> с
+4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_vlan</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который поддерживает IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка <var class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var> теперь постоянно встроена в ядро, и
+соответствующие параметры ядра были удалены. Все подсистемы фильтрации пакетов,
+поддерживаемые FreeBSD, теперь используют инфраструктуру <var
+class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>В сокет маршрутизации была добавлена поддержка уведомления об изменении состояния
+носителя Ethernet.</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> была
+переписана заново. LQM, описанный в RFC 1989, позволяет PPP сохранять информацию о
+качестве работающего соединения. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Клонирование псевдо-интерфейсов было обновлено, чтобы сделать возможным создание
+интерфейсов <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> с именами
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, или <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">6to4</tt>. Обратите внимание, что это нарушает обратную совместимость;
+например, теперь <tt class="COMMAND">ifconfig stf</tt> создаст интерфейс <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, а не <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, и не выведет <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt> на стандартный вывод.</p>
+
+<p>Следующие возможности TCP теперь включены по умолчанию: RFC 3042 (Limited Retransmit),
+RFC 3390 (increased initial congestion window sizes), TCP bandwidth-delay product
+limiting. Для этих возможностей доступен набор переменных sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3042</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3390</var>, и <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</var>. Дополнительная информация может быть
+найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD реализация TCP теперь включает поддержку минимального MSS (устанавливается
+через переменную sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmss</var>) и ограничение
+потока данных через соединения, передающие множество мелких TCP сегментов в короткий
+период времени (через переменную sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmssoverload</var>). Соединения, превысившие этот предел,
+могут быть сброшены. Эта возможность предоставляет защиту от целого класса исчерпывающих
+ресурсы атак.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация TCP теперь включает частичную поддержку RFC 2385 (TCP-MD5) digest (только
+на вывод). Эта возможность, включаемая параметрами ядра <var
+class="LITERAL">TCP_SIGNATURE</var> и <var class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</var>, является
+расширением TCP для аутентификации TCP сессий. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setkey&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setkey</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+включает поддержку TCP-MD5 класса ассоциаций безопасности. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Обработка reset в TCP соединении была улучшена, чтобы усложнить reset атаки настолько,
+насколько это возможно, при сохранении совместимости с широчайшим диапазоном TCP
+стеков.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация RFC 1948 была улучшена. Компонент временного смещения в Initial Sequence
+Number (ISN) теперь включает случайное положительное число, так что ISN всегда
+увеличивается, независимо от скорости повторного использования порта.</p>
+
+<p>Было реализовано произвольное ``эфемерное'' выделение порта (random ephemeral port
+allocation), пришедшее из OpenBSD. Оно включено по умолчанию и может быть отключено через
+переменную sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен TCP Selective Acknowledgements (SACK), как описано в RFC 2018. Это
+увеличивает производительность TCP через соединения с большими потерями пакетов. SACK
+может быть включен переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.sack.enable</var>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. Диски и хранение</a></h4>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает контроллеры <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cardbus&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cardbus</span>(4)</span></a>
+ATA/SATA.</p>
+
+<p>Было исправлено множество ошибок в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>. Наиболее
+заметные из них относятся к улучшению детектирования master/slave устройств и к проблемам
+с задержками.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает Promise command sequencer, имеющийся на всех современных контроллерах
+Promise (PDC203** PDC206**).</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Добавлена также предварительная поддержка для Promise SX4/SX4000 в
+качестве ``обычного'' Promise ATA контроллера; ATA RAID поддерживается, но только с
+уровнями RAID0, RAID1 и RAID0+1.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">DA_OLD_QUIRKS</var>, предназначенный для драйвера
+диска CAM SCSI (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cam</span>(4)</span></a>) был
+удален. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>, которая
+могла приводить к прерыванию ввода/вывода в некоторых редких случаях.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_CONCAT</var> для соединения нескольких дисков в один.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_NOP</var> для различного тестирования.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_RAID3</var> для преобразования RAID3 и утилита пользователя <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=graid3&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">graid3</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_STRIPE</var>, который реализует преобразование RAID0. В этом классе
+есть два режима: ``fast'' и ``economic''. В режиме fast, когда используются очень
+небольшой размер страйпа, только один запрос ввода вывода отправляется к каждому диску в
+страйпе; это приблизительно в 10 раз быстрее для страйпов малого размера, чем режим
+economic и другие реализации RAID0. Хотя режим fast используется по умолчанию, он
+потребляет несколько больше памяти. Путем установки переменной загрузчика <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.fast</var> в 0 может быть включен режим economic, в
+котором запросы отправляются каждый раз. Возможно также указание максимального количества
+памяти, потребляемого в режиме fast, через переменную загрузчика <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.maxmem</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен GEOM Gate, который состоит из нового класса <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GATE</var> и нескольких утилит пользователя GEOM Gate (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatec</span>(8)</span></a>, and
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggated&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggated</span>(8)</span></a>). Он
+поддерживает экспорт устройств, включающих не приспособленные к <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> через
+сеть.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_LABEL</var> для обнаружения меток томов на различных файловых
+системах, таких как UFS, MSDOSFS (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32), и ISO9660.</p>
+
+<p>Новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GPT</var>, поддерживающий разделы GUID Partition Table (GPT) и
+возможность создания большого количества разделов на одном диске, был добавлен в <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> по умолчанию.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_MIRROR</var>, поддерживающий функциональность RAID1. Для контроля
+этого класса может использоваться утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gmirror&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gmirror</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_UZIP</var>, реализующий сжатые диски только для чтения. На данный
+момент он поддерживает формат сжатия дисков cloop V2.0.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_VINUM</var> для поддержки взаимодействия между <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает современные контроллеры Adaptec ServeRAID series SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает отсутствовавшие команды ATAPI MMC и правильно обрабатывает задержки.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Менеджер томов <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> был
+обновлен для использования <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>,
+инфраструктуры трансформирования дисковых запросов ввода-вывода 5.x. Была добавлена
+утилита пользователя <tt class="COMMAND">gvinum</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена поддержка LSI-type программного RAID.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. Файловые системы</a></h4>
+
+<p>Код файловой системы EXT2FS теперь включает частичную поддержку больших файлов (&gt;
+4GB). Частичность поддержки заключается в том, невозможно создать большие файлы на
+файловых системах, которые не были обновлены до <var class="LITERAL">EXT2_DYN_REV</var>
+или на тех, где в суперблоке не установлен флаг <var
+class="LITERAL">EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена паника в NFSv4 клиенте; она случалась при попытке работы с
+поддерживающим только NFSv3/NFSv2 сервером.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">MSDOSFS_LARGE</var> для поддержки
+файловых систем больших, чем 128GB. Этот параметр выключен по умолчанию. Имейте ввиду,
+что он использует как минимум 32 байта памяти ядра для каждого файла на диске; его
+использование безопасно только в четко контролируемых ситуациях, таких как монтирование
+файловой системы с менее чем 1 миллионом файлов только для чтения, и так далее. Экспорт
+этих больших файловых систем по NFS не поддерживается.</p>
+
+<p>Клиент SMBFS теперь поддерживает подпись SMB запроса, которая предотвращает атаки
+``man in the middle'' и необходима для подключения к серверам Windows 2003 в настройке по
+умолчанию. Поскольку подпись каждого сообщения понижает производительность, эта
+возможность включается только если сервер ее требует; со временем она может стать
+параметром <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_smbfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_smbfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN925" name="AEN925">2.2.6. Стороннее программное
+обеспечение</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ALTQ framework</b> была импортирована из снэпшота KAME от 7
+июня 2004 года. Этот импорт нарушает совместимость ABI в <var class="VARNAME">struct
+ifnet</var> и требует перекомпиляции всех сетевых драйверов. Кроме того, некоторые
+сетевые драйверы были изменены для поддержки инфраструктуры ALTQ. Обновлены драйверы <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tun&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tun</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> был обновлен с версии 3.4.31 до версии 3.4.35
+[MERGED].</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. Изменения в программах
+пользователя</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpidump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpidump</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает таблицы SSDT. Дамп или дизассемблирование DSDT теперь также включает
+содержимое этих таблиц, если они присутствуют.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-f</var> для работы с файлами вместо
+разделов диска.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdtar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdtar</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+используется в качестве утилиты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> в базовой
+системе FreeBSD по умолчанию. <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/tar</tt> был сделан
+символической ссылкой, указывающей по умолчанию на <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/bsdtar</tt>. Для возврата к <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/gtar</tt> по умолчанию, может быть использована переменная
+сборки <var class="VARNAME">WITH_GTAR</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены команды <tt class="COMMAND">bthidcontrol</tt> и <tt
+class="COMMAND">bthidd</tt>, поддерживающие Bluetooth HID (Human Interface Device).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=col&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">col</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colcrt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colcrt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colrm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colrm</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=column&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">column</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fmt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=join&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">join</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rev&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rev</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ul&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ul</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают многобайтовые символы.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает команды <var class="LITERAL">set</var> и <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var>, которые устанавливают/удаляют виртуальную консоль. <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var> направляет вывод из системы, например <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(9)</span></a> из
+ядра, на реальную основную консоль. Это интерфейс к tty ioctl <var
+class="LITERAL">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Даемон <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+принимает два параметра, <var class="OPTION">-j</var> и <var class="OPTION">-J</var>,
+включающие рассинхронизацию заданий, запускаемых непривилегированными пользователями и
+суперпользователем соответственно. Рассинхронизация означает, что перед выполнением
+задания <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a>
+останавливается на небольшой произвольный период времени в заданном пределе. Эта
+возможность предназначена для уменьшения пиков нагрузки, появляющихся при выполнении
+большого количества задач, запланированных на определенный момент времени. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Параметры <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cut&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cut</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-c</var>, <var class="OPTION">-d</var>, и <var class="OPTION">-f</var>
+теперь корректно работают в локалях с многобайтными символами.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает ключевое слово <var class="OPTION">iso8601</var> для отображения дат в
+формате ISO 8601.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-p</var> для создания PID файла.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">fillchar</var> для указания альтернативного
+символа заполнения в режиме конверсии, или при использовании <var
+class="OPTION">noerror</var> с <var class="OPTION">sync</var> при возникновении ошибки
+ввода.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-c</var> для отображения полной статистики
+файловых систем.</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a>, которая могла
+приводить к выводу некорректной информации при указании параметра <var
+class="OPTION">-t</var> и недоступности точки монтирования для вызывающего
+пользователя.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <tt class="COMMAND">doscmd</tt> была удалена из базовой системы FreeBSD и
+доступна через порт <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> из коллекции портов FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживают параметр <var class="OPTION">-P</var> для указания других методов
+резервного копирования (не в файлы или на ленты). Аргумент передается <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> с определенной
+переменной окружения <var class="VARNAME">$DUMP_VOLUME</var> или <var
+class="VARNAME">$RESTORE_VOLUME</var> соответственно. Дополнительная информация находится
+на страницах справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eeprom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">eeprom</span>(8)</span></a> для
+отображения и изменения настроек системы, сохраненных в EEPROM или NVRAM. Существующая
+реализация поддерживает системы, поставляемые с Open Firmware.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetwln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetwln</span>(3)</span></a>,
+версия <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetln</span>(3)</span></a> для
+расширенных символов.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-acl</var> в основном для поиска файлов с <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acl</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новый основной параметр <var class="OPTION">-depth <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">n</var></var>, который проверяет, соответствует ли глубина вложения
+данного файла относительно начальной точки поиска <var class="REPLACEABLE">n</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+при открытии сокета для передачи данных в активном режиме использует эффективный UID
+текущего пользователя, а не <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>. Это полезно для сопоставления
+анонимного FTP трафика правилу <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> с
+параметром <var class="LITERAL">uid</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы функции <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftw</span>(3)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nftw</span>(3)</span></a>. Они
+используются для прохода по иерархии каталогов.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(8)</span></a> для
+оперирования классами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> из
+пространства пользователя.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a>, утилита
+для работы с GUID таблицей разделов, теперь поддерживает команду <var
+class="OPTION">remove</var>. Ее команда <var class="OPTION">add</var> теперь поддерживает
+параметр <var class="OPTION">-i</var>, который позволяет пользователю определять номер
+для нового раздела.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">id</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-M</var> для вывода метки MAC текущего
+процесса.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает переименование сетевых интерфейсов на лету, используя параметр <var
+class="OPTION">name</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь выводит <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+статус интерфейса. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь предоставляет параметры <var class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> и <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>, контролирующие возможность получения расширенных фреймов
+некоторыми Ethernet интерфейсами (т.е. фреймов, содержащих более чем 1500 байт
+данных).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь предоставляет параметры <var class="OPTION">vlanhwtag</var> и <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanhwtag</var>, контролирующие возможность обработки тегов VLAN
+некоторыми Ethernet интерфейсами на аппаратном уровне.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-ldi</var> для управления выравниванием
+локальных переменных. В этой утилите было сделано несколько других изменений.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> now
+supports <var class="OPTION">-fbs</var> and <var class="OPTION">-ut</var> for function
+declarations with the opening brace on the same line as the declaration of arguments all
+spaces and no tabs in order to fix problem when non-8 space tabs are used.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-n</var> для запрета внесения любых изменений в
+правила ядра</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipcs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipcs</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-u</var> для отображения информации о IPC
+механизмах, принадлежащих определенному пользователю.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-b</var> для вывода только действия и
+комментария каждого правила, исключая тело правила.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-U</var> для запуска команды под пользователем,
+который существует только внутри среды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-l</var> для очистки окружения. Все переменные
+окружения очищаются, за исключением <var class="VARNAME">HOME</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">SHELL</var>, <var class="VARNAME">PATH</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">TERM</var>, и <var class="VARNAME">USER</var> перед запуском программы в
+jail под определенным пользователем. Это поведение подобно поведению <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> с параметром
+<var class="OPTION">-l</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита отладки ядра <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kgdb</span>(1)</span></a>, которая
+использует <b class="APPLICATION">libgdb</b> и работает с потоками ядра, модулями ядра и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kvm&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kvm</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-e</var>, с которым <var
+class="OPTION">-u</var> указывает на эффективный, а не реальный ID пользователя.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>В <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libalias&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libalias</span>(3)</span></a>
+теперь есть поддержка (и новый API) для нескольких синонимов в одном процессе.
+Существующий API был переписан в терминах нового для сохранения совместимости.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена библиотека <b class="APPLICATION">libarchive</b> для работы со сжатыми
+и несжатыми архивными файлами. Дополнительная информация может быть найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libdisk</b> теперь использует <var
+class="VARNAME">d_addr_t</var> для адресов дисков. Это позволяет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+правильно работать с дисками и файловыми системами размером более 1 TB.</p>
+
+<p>Библиотека, первоначально известная как <b class="APPLICATION">libkse</b>, была
+переименована в <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> и теперь это библиотека потоков по
+умолчанию для платформ i386, amd64 и ia64. Параметр <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> <var
+class="OPTION">-pthread</var> был изменен для использования <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> вместо <b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Пользователи со старыми бинарными файлами (например, из портов,
+скомпилированных до внесения этого изменения) должны использовать <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+для создания ссылок <b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b> и/или <b
+class="APPLICATION">libkse</b> на <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Пользователям поставляемых NVIDIA драйверов и библиотек может
+потребоваться использование <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+в котором есть ссылка <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> на старую библиотеку <b
+class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>, поскольку эти драйвера не работают с <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> теперь поддерживает переменную окружения <var
+class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE</var> для включения режима 1:1 (используя набор
+системных потоков). Обратите внимание, что сборка <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> с
+флагом <var class="OPTION">-DSYSTEM_SCOPE_ONLY</var> также включает режим 1:1, и что этот
+параметр установлен по умолчанию для архитектур, которые еще не поддерживают режим M:N.
+Кроме того, переменная окружения <var class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE</var>
+может использоваться для принудительного включения режима M:N (используя набор потоков
+процесса). Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>заставляет приложение <var class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var> использовать
+системный набор потоков, а</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>соответственно заставляет его использовать набор потоков процесса.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в параметре <var class="OPTION">-d</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> была
+исправлена. Кроме того, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+корректно работает с многобайтными локалями.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+обрабатывает имена файлов как мультибайтовые последовательности символов, в соответствии
+с текущей переменной <var class="VARNAME">LC_CTYPE</var>, когда определяется какие
+символы печатаемые.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новую директиву <var class="LITERAL">.warning</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает POSIX-совместимый флаг <var class="LITERAL">+</var> в командных строках <tt
+class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>, которая приводит к выполнению строки даже при указании
+параметра <var class="OPTION">-n</var>. Это полезно например при вызове вложенных
+make.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+помещает переменные из командной строки в переменную <var
+class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, как этого требует POSIX. Это приводит к передаче
+переменных через все вложенные make, вызываемые через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> (кроме
+переменной <var class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, которая эксклюзивно изменяется в
+окружении вложенного make). Помимо прочего, это делает переменные не переписываемыми во
+вложенных make, кроме как из командной строки.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы функции C99 <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyint</span>(3)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyintf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyintf</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был реализован заголовок C99 <tt class="FILENAME">tgmath.h</tt>. Он предоставляет
+макрос для функций <tt class="FILENAME">math.h</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">complex.h</tt>, которые реализованы для float, double и long double.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы расширения GNU для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mbsnrtowcs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mbsnrtowcs</span>(3)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wcsnrtombs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">wcsnrtombs</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь позволяет пользователям устанавливать параметр отладки через файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь использует новый порядок при обработке ротации файлов. Сначала ротируются все
+файлы, которые необходимо ротировать, затем посылается одиночный сигнал каждому процессу,
+которому необходимо послать сигнал, и наконец все файлы, которые были ротированы,
+сжимаются.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nextwctype&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nextwctype</span>(3)</span></a>
+для перебора всех символов из определенного класса.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена первичная поддержка для UTF-8 версий всех поддерживаемых в настоящее
+время системных локалей. Это сделано в основном для порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/utf8locale/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/utf8locale</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Добавлена локаль Israel Hebrew <var class="LITERAL">he_IL.UTF-8</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logins&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">logins</span>(1)</span></a> для
+отображения информации о пользовательских и системных учетных записях.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mountd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-p</var>, позволяющий пользователям указывать
+известный порт для указания его в правилах брандмауэра.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь отображает членство в широковещательных группах, имеющихся в системе.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают флаг <var class="OPTION">-l</var> для установки MAC multilabel флага на
+новых системах без использования <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь сообщает о попытках входа через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Программа <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a> была
+перемещена из <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nologin</tt>. <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> стал
+символической ссылкой для обратной совместимости.</p>
+
+<p>В поддержку NSS было внесено исправление, которое решает проблемы с использованием
+сторонних NSS модулей (таких как <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/nss_ldap/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/nss_ldap</tt></a>) и групп с длинным списком членов.</p>
+
+<p>В <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">od</span>(1)</span></a> теперь есть
+поддержка многобайтных символов в стиле POSIX.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patch</span>(1)</span></a> была
+замещена BSD-лицензированной версией из OpenBSD. Она включает параметр <var
+class="OPTION">--posix</var> для строгого соответствия POSIX.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены команды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pgrep</span>(1)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkill&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkill</span>(1)</span></a>,
+пришедшие их NetBSD. Они также поддерживают параметр <var class="OPTION">-M</var> для
+извлечения значений, связанных со списком имен из указанного дампа (core) вместо <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt> по умолчанию, и параметр <var class="OPTION">-N</var> для
+извлечения списка имен из указанной системы вместо ядра (kernel) по умолчанию.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает команду ``set rad_alive <var class="REPLACEABLE">N</var>'' для
+периодического отправления учетной информации RADIUS на сервер RADIUS. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает команду ``set pppoe [standard|3Com]'' для настройки режима взаимодействия с
+низлежащим узлом Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_pppoe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_pppoe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Была улучшена совместимость <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> с POSIX/SUSv3.
+Эти изменения включают параметры <var class="OPTION">-p</var> для списка ID процессов,
+<var class="OPTION">-t</var> для списка имен терминалов, <var class="OPTION">-A</var>,
+которая эквивалентна <var class="OPTION">-ax</var>, <var class="OPTION">-G</var> для
+списка ID групп, <var class="OPTION">-X</var>, которая противоположна <var
+class="OPTION">-x</var>, и некоторые мелкие улучшения. За дальнейшей информацией
+обращайтесь к <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр форматирования <var class="OPTION">-O emul</var>, при котором
+печатается имя эмулируемых системных переменных окружения, в которых находится
+процесс.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-H</var>, который принимает указатель на файл с
+зашифрованным паролем. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a>,
+которая не позволяла ему правильно работать на интерфейсах более чем с одним IP адресом.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=regex&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">regex</span>(3)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает регулярные выражения, учитывая многобайтные символы.</p>
+
+<p>Файлы настройки, используемые <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a>,
+теперь поддерживают ключевые слова <var class="LITERAL">timeout:</var> и <var
+class="LITERAL">attempts:</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a> и
+ассоциированные интерфейсы теперь гораздо лучше подходят для повторного использования и
+работы с потоками. Множественные запросы к DNS теперь могут происходить одновременно, что
+приводит к значительному улучшению производительности некоторых многопоточных приложений.
+Некоторые многопоточные приложения необходимо перекомпилировать; примеры из коллекции
+портов: <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/www/mozilla/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">www/mozilla</tt></a> и варианты, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/evolution/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">mail/evolution</tt></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs</tt></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs2</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmdir&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmdir</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-v</var>, для вывода информации об удаляемых
+файлах.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь правильно работает для дамп файлов больше 2GB.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=script&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">script</span>(1)</span></a> была
+исправлена, и теперь он работает корректно если его стандартный ввод закрыт. Это
+исправление предотвращает потенциально опасное взаимодействие с пакетом <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>; если он запускался не интерактивно, то
+мог удалить все устаревшие порты без их переустановки.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен даемон <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sdpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sdpd</span>(8)</span></a>
+Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol.</p>
+
+<p>Команда <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">y</var> (транслирование) теперь поддерживает многобайтные символы.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены утилиты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sha1&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sha1</span>(1)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmd160&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmd160</span>(1)</span></a>.
+Подобно <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md5&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md5</span>(1)</span></a>, они
+вычисляют хэш вводимых данных. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена небольшая утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smbmsg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">smbmsg</span>(8)</span></a>, для
+отправки/получения SMBus сообщений.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+использует <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> в качестве компьютера по умолчанию в пакетах
+запроса <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talkd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talkd</span>(8)</span></a>, если
+назначение и источник локальны. Это делает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a>
+зависимым от правильно установленной записи для <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt> или в DNS.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает два новых параметра: параметр <var class="OPTION">-w</var>, позволяющий
+создание новых файлов, и параметр <var class="OPTION">-U</var>, позволяющий установку
+umask.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает отображение текущего количества I/O. Эта возможность может быть включена
+нажатием ``m'' или передачей параметра командной строки <var class="OPTION">-m
+io</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=truss&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">truss</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+включает раннюю поддержку FreeBSD/amd64.</p>
+
+<p>Многие утилиты пользователя в базовой системе (в основном предоставленные GNU утилиты)
+теперь используют системную версию <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getopt_long&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getopt_long</span>(3)</span></a>,
+вместо GNU версии.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. Скрипты <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p>Скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">diskless</tt> был разделен на <tt
+class="FILENAME">hostname</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolve</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">tmp</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">var</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">gbde_swap</tt>, поддерживающий gbde
+устройства подкачки. При указании переменной <var class="VARNAME">gbde_swap_enable</var>
+в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+устройство подкачки <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var class="REPLACEABLE">foo.bde</var></tt>
+из <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a>
+автоматически подключается во время загрузки с устройством <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">foo</var></tt> и случайным ключом, полученным как контрольная сумма
+MD5 от 512 байт, прочитанных из <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/random</tt>. Обратите внимание,
+что это делает невозможным восстановление дампов ядра.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены <var class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> и <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_verbose</var>. Когда <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> установлена в <var class="LITERAL">YES</var>,
+политика выбора адреса загружается в ядро. Если существует <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/ip6addrctl.conf</tt>, он будет использован, иначе будет
+задействована политика по умолчанию. Применяется политика по умолчанию, описанная в RFC
+3484, если <var class="VARNAME">ipv6_enable</var> установлена в <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var>. Иначе в качестве политики по умолчанию будет использована
+политика приоритетов для адресов IPv4.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">mixer</tt>. При завершении работы сохраняет
+текущие настройки всех аудио микшеров, присутствующих в системе, и восстанавливает их при
+загрузке.</p>
+
+<p>Скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">named</tt> был обновлен для поддержки <b
+class="APPLICATION">BIND 9</b> в базовой системе. Изменения включают:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> по
+умолчанию запускается в каталоге <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. Это поведение может быть отменено переменной <var
+class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> в файле <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var>,
+а каталог <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> может
+быть изменен переменной <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> в том же файле.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Когда переменная <var class="VARNAME">named_chroot_autoupdate</var> установлена в <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var> (это значение по умолчанию), каталог chroot автоматически
+настраивается во время загрузки. Символическая ссылка, которая указывает на <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/etc/namedb</tt>, создается как <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/namedb</tt>, а символическая ссылка, которая указывает в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/var/run/named/pid</tt>, создается как <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/named/pid</tt>. Последнее может быть отменено переменной <var
+class="VARNAME">named_symlink_enable</var> в файле <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">rndc.key</tt> создается автоматически, если еще не
+существует.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Были добавлены скрипты <tt class="FILENAME">pf</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">pflog</tt>
+для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. Стороннее программное
+обеспечение</a></h3>
+
+<p>Код <b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> был обновлен с с снэпшота 20030619 до снэпшота
+20040527.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">AMD (am-utils)</b> был обновлен с версии 6.0.9 до версии
+6.0.10p1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">awk</b> от Bell Labs был обновлен с релиза от 29 июня 2003 года
+до релиза 7 февраля 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> был обновлен с версии 8.3.1-REL до версии 9.3.0.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> были обновлены до снэпшота от 23 мая 2004 из ветви
+FSF 2.15.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> был обновлен с версии 1.11.15 до версии 1.11.17.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FILE</b> был обновлен с версии 3.41 до версии 4.10.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">gdtoa</b> (библиотека, выполняющая преобразования чисел между
+бинарным и десятичным форматами) была обновлена с версии 20030324 до версии 20040118.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GDB</b> был обновлен до версии 6.1.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU GCC</b> был обновлен с версии 3.3.3-prerelease от 6 ноября,
+2003 до 3.4.2-prerelease от 28 июля, 2004.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> был обновлен с версии 2.4d до версии 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">less</b> был обновлен с версии 371 до версии 381.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU readline</b> 4.3 была обновлена официальными патчами с 001
+до 005.</p>
+
+<p>Библиотека <b class="APPLICATION">GNU regex</b> была обновлена до версии, включенной в
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU sort</b> был обновлен с textutils 2.1 до снэпшота coreutils
+5.2.1 от 12 августа 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация <b class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b> в основной системе теперь называется <tt
+class="FILENAME">gtar</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> был обновлен с версии 0.6 до версии
+0.6.1.</p>
+
+<p>Клиент <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> был обновлен c версии 3.0.1 RC10 до версии
+3.0.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> была обновлена с версии 0.7.1 до версии 0.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b> был обновлен с снэпшота от 3 ноября 2003 года до
+снэпшота от 9 августа 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> был обновлен с версии 4.1.1a до версии 4.2.0.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> был обновлен с релиза Dogwood до релиза
+Eelgrass.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> был обновлен с версии 3.6.1p1 до версии
+3.8.1p1.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Настройка по умолчанию для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> была
+изменена. SSH протокол версии 1 теперь не включен по умолчанию. Кроме того,
+аутентификация по паролю через SSH выключена по умолчанию если включен PAM.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> был обновлен с версии 0.9.7c до версии 0.9.7d.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> VIA C3 Nehemiah PadLock ACE (Advanced
+Cryptography Engine) криптографии, которая предоставляет шифрование Advanced Encryption
+Standard (AES), была импортирована из пререлиза <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">pf</b>, пакетный фильтр OpenBSD из OpenBSD 3.5-stable, был
+импортирован в дерево исходных текстов FreeBSD, и теперь установлен по умолчанию.
+Добавлены также два новых пользователя (<tt class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> и <tt
+class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>) и три новых группы (<tt class="USERNAME">authpf</tt>, <tt
+class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> и <tt class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>), которые необходимы <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> При обновлении из исходных текстов, должны быть добавлены эти
+учетные записи. Для добавления этих записей в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> может
+быть использован <var class="LITERAL">mergemaster -p</var>. Для выключения сборки <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b> может быть использована переменная <var
+class="VARNAME">NO_PF</var> в <tt class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Были импортированы несколько утилит пользователя из OpenBSD <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp-proxy&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp-proxy</span>(8)</span></a> это
+ftp прокси для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pfctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pfctl</span>(8)</span></a> это
+эквивалент <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipf</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pflogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pflogd</span>(8)</span></a> это
+даемон для протоколирования пакетов через <var class="LITERAL">if_pflog</var> в формате
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcap&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcap</span>(3)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=authpf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">authpf</span>(8)</span></a>
+оболочка для изменения наборов правил <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">routed</b> был обновлен с релиза 2.22 до релиза 2.27 с
+rhyolite.com. Обратите внимание, что для тех, кто использовал возможность RIP MD5
+аутентификацию, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+несовместим с предыдущими версиями FreeBSD; однако, теперь он совместим с реализациями от
+Sun, Cisco и других поставщиков.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> был обновлен с версии 8.12.10 до версии 8.13.1.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> был обновлен с версии 3.7.1 до версии 3.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> был обновлен с версии 6.11 до 6.13.00.</p>
+
+<p>База данных временных зон была обновлена с <tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2003a</tt> до
+<tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2004a</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">zlib</b> был обновлен с версии 1.1.4 до версии 1.2.1.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. Инфраструктура коллекции
+портов/пакетов</a></h3>
+
+<p>Большинство скриптов запуска/останова, устанавливаемые различными портами, теперь
+используют новую инфраструктуру <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a>, представленную
+в FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, хотя некоторые порты все еще используют
+скрипты в старом стиле. При запуске сначала выполняются скрипты в новом стиле, а затем в
+старом. При останове все происходит в точности наоборот.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен и включен по умолчанию атрибут <var class="LITERAL">SIZE</var> для
+distfiles, который может быть использован для проверки размеров файлов перед загрузкой.
+<var class="VARNAME">DISABLE_SIZE</var> может быть использована для запрещения проверки
+размера. Это особенно полезно на старых версиях FreeBSD, где нет соответствующей
+поддержки в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>, и для
+некоторых FTP прокси, которые всегда выдают неверные размеры.</p>
+
+<p>Для отслеживания наиболее важных изменений в дерево портов были добавлены два файла:
+<tt class="FILENAME">ports/CHANGES</tt> содержит список основных изменений в коллекции
+портов и ее инфраструктуре. <tt class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt> описывает некоторые
+потенциально проблемные случаи, которые могут встретиться при обновлении определенных
+портов, по аналогии с <tt class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> в базовой системе.</p>
+
+<p>Код обработки версий в системных утилитах <tt class="FILENAME">pkg_*</tt> был
+переписан для восстановления совместимости с 4.x и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Инструментарий пакетов теперь может искать совпадения с помощью операторов отношения и
+выборов в стиле csh <var class="LITERAL">{...}</var>, например:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">pkg_info -I 'docbook&#62;=3.0'</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>отобразит (все) docbook DTD с версией как минимум 3.0. Дополнительные параметры
+командной строки также были добавлены для поддержки шаблонов.</p>
+
+<p>Была улучшена обработка сбойных баз данных пакетов.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-S</var> для добавления префикса ко всем
+<var class="LITERAL">@cwd</var> во время создания пакета.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-j</var> для отображения скрипта
+зависимостей каждого пакета.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. Подготовка релизов и
+интеграция</a></h3>
+
+<p>Поддержка криптографии в FreeBSD более не опциональный компонент релизов, и
+дистрибутивный компонент <var class="LITERAL">crypto</var> теперь часть <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>. Обратите внимание, что параметр сборки <var
+class="OPTION">-DNOCRYPT</var> все еще существует для всех, кто хочет собрать бинарные
+файлы без поддержки криптографии.</p>
+
+<p>Поддерживаемый релиз <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> был обновлен с версии 2.4 до
+версии 2.6.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Если вы используете старый <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> десктоп
+отдельно (<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>), простое обновление его из коллекции портов FreeBSD
+с помощью <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) вызовет серьезные проблемы. Если вы
+используете <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> в качестве десктопа, внимательно прочтите
+инструкции <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html</a>, и используйте скрипт <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt> для правильного обновления до <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.6.</p>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что если вы используете только библиотеки <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+будет достаточно для обновления портов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Поддерживаемый релиз <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> был обновлен с версии 3.1.4 до
+версии 3.2.3.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/portaudit/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">security/portaudit</tt></a> теперь находится в коллекции портов FreeBSD.
+Эта утилита читает базу данных, содержащую известные уязвимости портов, и сообщает о них
+администратору.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD теперь использует <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> вместо <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> в качестве X Window System по умолчанию. Поддерживаемый
+релиз <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> - X11R6.7.0. Обратите внимание, что <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> также доступен из коллекции портов FreeBSD (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/XFree86-4/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/XFree86-4</tt></a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. Документация</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. Обновление с предыдущих релизов
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Пользователям с уже установленными системами FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">настоятельно</i></span> рекомендуется прочесть ``Руководство для новых
+пользователей FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE''. На дистрибутивном носителе или в любом другом месте,
+где можно найти информацию о релизе, имя файла этого документа обычно <tt
+class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt>. Он предоставляет отдельные заметки по обновлению, но,
+что более важно, сравнительно рассматривает работу с 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> и
+обновление до 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Обновление FreeBSD конечно же должно производиться только после
+резервного копирования <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">всех</i></span> данных
+и файлов настройки.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-i386.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-i386.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..774e21d6c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-i386.html
@@ -0,0 +1,2455 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Информация о релизе FreeBSD/i386 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Информация о релизе FreeBSD/i386
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.5 2004/10/11 12:59:07 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN13" name="AEN13"></a>
+<p>Заметки о релизе для FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE содержат общую информацию по изменениям,
+внесенным в систему FreeBSD с момента выпуска 5.2.1-RELEASE. Этот документ содержит
+список сообщений безопасности, выпущенных после последнего релиза, а также список
+значительных изменений, внесенных в ядро и пользовательские программы FreeBSD.
+Представлены также краткие заметки по обновлению системы.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>Содержание</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">Введение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">Что нового</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">Сообщения безопасности</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">Изменения в ядре</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">Изменения в загрузчике</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">Поддержка оборудования</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">Сетевые протоколы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">Диски и хранение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">Файловые системы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN925">Стороннее программное обеспечение</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">Изменения в программах пользователя</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">Скрипты <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">Стороннее программное обеспечение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">Инфраструктура коллекции портов/пакетов</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">Подготовка релизов и интеграция</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">Документация</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">Обновление с предыдущих релизов FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>Этот документ содержит информацию о релизе FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE для аппаратной
+платформы i386. В нем описаны недавно добавленные, измененные, или удаленные возможности
+FreeBSD. Он также представляет некоторые заметки по обновлению с предыдущей версии
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Этот дистрибутив FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE представляет собой release. Его можно найти на <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> или на любом из
+зеркал. Дополнительная информация по получению этого (или другого) release дистрибутива
+FreeBSD может быть найдена в <a
+href="../../../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">приложении ``Получение FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="../../../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">Руководства
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Всем пользователям рекомендуется ознакомиться с сообщениями о проблемах перед
+установкой FreeBSD. В этот документ вносятся самая последняя информация, полученная в
+позже в процессе выпуска релиза или после релиза. Обычно в нем находятся информация о
+известных ошибках, сообщениях безопасности и исправления документации. Актуальную копию
+сообщений о проблемах для FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE можно найти на веб сайте FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. Что нового</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этом разделе описаны основные видимые пользователю добавленные или измененные с
+5.2.1-RELEASE возможности FreeBSD. Как правило, изменения, описанные здесь, уникальны для
+5-STABLE, если только они не помечены как [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>Обычно в информации о релизе последовательно включены последние сообщения
+безопасности, выпущенные после 5.3-RELEASE, информация о поддержки новых драйверов или
+оборудования, новых команд или параметров, информация о основных исправлениях ошибок, или
+обновлениях стороннего программного обеспечения. В нем могут также перечисляться
+изменения важнейших портов/пакетов или практики выпуска релизов. Конечно, в информацию о
+релизе не вносятся данные о каждом отдельном изменении, сделанном в FreeBSD между
+релизами; этот документ фокусируется в основном на сообщениях безопасности, видимых
+пользователю изменениях, и основных архитектурных улучшениях.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. Сообщения безопасности</a></h3>
+
+<p>Исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>;
+она приводила к сбрасыванию флагов файловой системы к их значению по умолчанию при
+создании снимка (снэпшота) файловой системы. Возможные последствия зависят от способа
+использования, но могут привести к отключению дополнительных списков контроля доступа,
+или разрешению использования setuid бита на исполняемых файлах, расположенных на
+недоверяемой файловой системе. Эта ошибка также относится к параметру <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-L</var>, где используется <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>.
+Обратите внимание, что <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>
+обычно доступен только суперпользователям и членам группы <tt
+class="GROUPNAME">operator</tt>. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению
+безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:01.mksnap_ffs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:01</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Исправлена ошибка в интерфейсе System V Shared Memory (а именно в системном вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shmat&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">shmat</span>(2)</span></a>). Эта
+ошибка приводила к расположению сегмента совместно используемой памяти в невыделенном
+участке памяти ядра. Это может привести к получению атакующим неавторизованного доступа к
+частям памяти ядра, с возможным раскрытием важной информации, обходу механизмов контроля
+доступа, или расширению привилегий. Более детальная информация может быть найдена в
+сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:02.sh mat.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:02</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в коде системного вызова <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail_attach&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail_attach</span>(2)</span></a>.
+Эта ошибка может позволить процессу с привилегиями суперпользователя внутри среды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> изменить
+свой корневой каталог на корневой каталог другой среды jail, и таким образом получить
+полный доступ на чтение и запись к файлам и каталогам внутри этого jail. Дополнительная
+информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:03.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:03</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Потенциальная DoS атака с низким трафиком на TCP стек FreeBSD была предотвращена путем
+ограничения количества TCP сегментов вне последовательности, которые могут одновременно
+обслуживаться. Более детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:04.tcp.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:04</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в SSL/TLS ChangeCipherSpec сообщении <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, которая могла привести к удалению нулевого указателя.
+Она позволяла удаленной атакующей стороне вызвать крах приложений, использующих <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, и привести к отказу в обслуживании (DoS). Более
+детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:05.openssl.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:05</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в коде обработки некоторых параметров сокета IPv6 в системном
+вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setsockopt&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setsockopt</span>(2)</span></a>.
+Она позволяла атакующему локально вызвать системную панику, а также могла позволять
+неавторизованный доступ к частям памяти ядра, что могло привести к раскрытию важной
+информации, обходу механизмов контроля доступа, или расширению привилегий. Более
+детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:06.ipv6.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:06</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены две ошибки в коде <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>. Они позволяли
+серверу перезаписывать произвольные файлы клиента, а клиенту читать произвольные файлы на
+сервере при удаленном доступе к CVS репозиториям. Более детальная информация может быть
+найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:07.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:07</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Внесено исправление в <b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b>, исправляющее проблему,
+вследствие которой не производилась адекватная проверка аутентификации между автономными
+realm. Более подробная информация находится в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:08.heimdal.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:08</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка в <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, позволявшая
+злонамеренному клиенту перезаписывать произвольные участки памяти сервера. За дальнейшей
+информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:10.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:10</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена потенциальная проблема с целостностью кэша в реализации системного
+вызова <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=msync&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">msync</span>(2)</span></a>,
+использующей операцию <var class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>. Однако, в качестве
+побочного эффекта исправления проблемы безопасности, флаг <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var> более не гарантирует выгрузку из памяти всех страниц.
+Пользователи, которым требуется старая семантика <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>, могут установить переменную sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_msync</var>, если их не беспокоит данная проблема безопасности. За
+дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:11.msync.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:11</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка в системном вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>, которая
+приводила к ошибке проверки попытки манипулирования таблицами маршрутизации из jail. За
+дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:12.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:12</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка обработки некоторых системных вызовов Linux,
+вследствие которой мог стать возможным доступ к областям памяти без соответствующей
+проверки. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:13.linux.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:13</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Множество программных ошибок в <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, могущих привести к
+раскрытию информации, DoS, или выполнению произвольного кода, были исправлены путем
+обновления до <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> 1.11.17. За дальнейшей информацией
+обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:14.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:14</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <var class="LITERAL">CONS_SCRSHOT</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a> была
+исправлена; она может привести к получению неавторизованного доступа к областям памяти
+ядра с возможным раскрытием критической информации, пропуску механизмов контроля доступа,
+или к получению повышенных привилегий. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению
+безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:15.syscons.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:15</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. Изменения в ядре</a></h3>
+
+<p><var class="LITERAL">ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var> были добавлены и включены по умолчанию.
+Это меняет поведение блокирующих мьютексов, которые переключаются, если поток, которому
+принадлежит мьютекс, выполняется другим процессором. Это поведение может быть изменено
+путем установки параметра ядра <var class="VARNAME">NO_ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен параметр ядра <var class="VARNAME">ADAPTIVE_GIANT</var>, который включает
+адаптивность Giant блокировки при включении адаптивности мьютексов. Это повышает
+производительность SMP систем и включено по умолчанию на i386.</p>
+
+<p>Интерфейс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>
+теперь прозрачно поддерживает выравнивание и установление границ в теге DMA при загрузке
+буферов, и <code class="FUNCTION">bus_dmamap_load()</code> будет автоматически
+использовать сброс буферов когда это необходимо. Кроме того, был добавлен набор
+переменных sysctl <var class="VARNAME">hw.busdma.*</var> для статистики <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>
+была переписана с новым алгоритмом, который серьезно повышает надежность при высокой
+нагрузке. Старый алгоритм может быть использован путем установки sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_contigmalloc</var>. Дополнительная информация может быть получена
+со страницы справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Правила path <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> теперь
+корректно работают с каталогами.</p>
+
+<p>API <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getvfsent&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getvfsent</span>(3)</span></a> был
+удален.</p>
+
+<p>Переменная загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.allow_unsupported_io_range</var>
+была удалена.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает использование raw сокетов изнутри jail. Эта возможность отключена по
+умолчанию и контролируется переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.allow_raw_sockets</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новый фильтр <var class="LITERAL">EVFILT_FS</var>, который используется для
+отправки сигналов файловой системы в пространство пользователя. На данный момент
+сигнализируются события mount, unmount и up/down статус NFS.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая инфраструктура отладки, KDB. Она состоит из новой подсистемы GDB,
+которая была переписана для поддержки потоков, run-length encoding compression, и так
+далее, и внешний интерфейс, в инфраструктуре которого могут быть настроены несколько
+различных подсистем отладки, и предоставлены основные сервисы для этих подсистем. Были
+изменены следующие параметры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>KDB включен по умолчанию через параметры ядра <var class="LITERAL">options KDB</var>,
+<var class="LITERAL">options GDB</var>, и <var class="LITERAL">options DDB</var>. <var
+class="LITERAL">DDB</var> и <var class="LITERAL">GDB</var> указывают, какие подсистемы
+KDB включать.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">WITNESS_DDB</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">WITNESS_KDB</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_TRACE</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_TRACE</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_UNATTENDED</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_UNATTENDED</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_DDBKEY</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_KDBKEY</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_NOKLDSYM</var> был удален. Новая подсистема DDB поддерживает
+pre-linker symbol lookups, так же как и KLD symbol lookups одновременно.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">GDB_REMOTE_CHAT</var> был удален. Это изменение GDB протокола
+специфично для FreeBSD. Вместе с тем в протоколе GDB есть пакеты для вывода на
+консоль.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>KDB дает также единственный способ взаимодействия для любого и всего кода, которому
+необходимо использование функций отладки, таких как вход в отладчик или обработка
+альтернативной последовательности прерывания. Для этих целей внешний интерфейс был сделан
+не опциональным. Все отладочные запросы перенаправляются или обрабатываются текущей
+подсистемой. Выбор текущей подсистемы выполняется переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.current</var>. Список установленных переменных находится в <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.available</var>. В отладчик можно перейти, записав в sysctl
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.enter</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.stop_cpus</var>.
+Она контролирует, будут или нет IPI (Inter Processor Interrupts) для других CPU переданы
+при входе в отладчик, чтобы остановить их в отладчике.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра, <var class="LITERAL">MAC_STATIC</var>, который
+отключает внутреннюю синхронизацию MAC Framework, защищая от динамической загрузки и
+выгрузки политик MAC.</p>
+
+<p>Политика <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> теперь поддерживает
+определение и применение только первого правила из всех соответствующих правил. Эта
+возможность может быть включена установкой новой переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_firstmatch_enabled</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Политика <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> теперь может протоколировать
+неудачные попытки записи в syslog <var class="LITERAL">AUTHPRIV</var>. Эта возможность
+может быть включена установкой новой переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_logging</var>.</p>
+
+<p>mballoc был замещен на mbuma, Mbuf и Cluster аллокаторы основаны на множестве
+расширений инфраструктуры UMA. В связи с этим изменением, параметр ядра <var
+class="LITERAL">NMBCLUSTERS</var> более не используется. Максимальное количество
+кластеров по прежнему устанавливается в соответствии с <var
+class="LITERAL">maxusers</var>, но может быть сделано неограниченным путем установки
+переменной загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">kern.ipc.nmbclusters</var> в нуль.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/mem</tt>, и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/io</tt> теперь также поставляются в виде загружаемых модулей
+ядра.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a>,
+вследствие которой страницы, помеченные как <var class="LITERAL">PROT_NONE</var>, могли
+стать читаемыми при определенных условиях, была исправлена. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">MP_WATCHDOG</var>; он позволяет
+использовать один из логических CPU системы в качестве выделенного watchdog для перехода
+в отладчик и/или генерации NMI загружавшему процессору, если ядро не отвечает. Для
+включения watchdog вне потока ожидания процессора доступны несколько sysctl; для сброса
+таймера в watchdog применяется метка. Если таймер не сбрасывается по метке в течение
+десяти секунд, обрабатывается таймаут. Процессор для запуска watchdog назначается
+переменной sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.watchdog_cpu</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.leak_schedlock</var>. Она
+заставляет обработчик sysctl, некорректно заблокировавший планировщик, переключить
+блокировку для обработки watchdog, в соответствии с параметром <var
+class="LITERAL">MP_WATCHDOG</var> option.</p>
+
+<p>Новая переменная загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> была добавлена
+и включена по умолчанию. Она отключает блокировку Giant при работе сетевого стека
+FreeBSD, что приводит к повышению производительности за счет улучшения параллельности и
+уменьшения задержек при сетевых вычислениях. Обратите внимание, что включение узла
+Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tty&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tty</span>(4)</span></a>, KAME
+IPsec, и подсистемы IPX/SPX приводит к включению сетевых операций с Giant, или к
+появлению предупреждения при динамической загрузке этих компонентов, поскольку для
+корректной работы им требуется блокировка Giant.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра, <var class="VARNAME">NET_WITH_GIANT</var>. Он
+восстанавливает значение debug.mpsafenet по умолчанию (<var class="LITERAL">0</var>), и
+предназначен для использования на системах, собранных с небезопасными компонентами, или
+там, где желательна более консервативная конфигурация.</p>
+
+<p>Переменная загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafevm</var> была включена по
+умолчанию.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">PREEMPTION</var>. Он позволяет
+вытеснять потоки в ядре потоками с более высокими приоритетами. Этот параметр позволяет
+повысить интерактивность и ускоряет работу потоков.</p>
+
+<p>В дерево dev sysctl был добавлен уровень devclass для поддержки переменных по классам
+устройств, в дополнение к переменным по устройствам. Это означает, что <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo0.bar</var> теперь называются <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.0.bar</var>, и возможно также наличие <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.bar</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая переменная sysctl, <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.always_console_output</var>. Она направляет вывод ядра на консоль
+независимо от <var class="VARNAME">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">kern.sched.name</var>, в которой
+находится имя используемого планировщика, и переменная <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.quantum</var> была перемещена в <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.sched.quantum</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Обновлено управление ресурсами и энергопотреблением шины <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Хотя управление состоянием энергопотребления в шине <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a> было
+включено по умолчанию, это может привести к проблемам на некоторых системах. Оно может
+быть отключено путем установки переменной <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.do_powerstate</var>
+в <var class="LITERAL">0</var>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Планировщик ULE был добавлен в качестве дополнительного планировщика. Обратите
+внимание, что в качестве планировщика по умолчанию в ядре <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> все еще используется традиционный 4BSD. Для большинства
+пользователей интерактивность возросла во многих случаях. Это означает меньшее количество
+``пропусков'' и ``рывков'' в интерактивных приложениях, когда компьютер сильно загружен.
+Это не предотвращает проблем с перегруженными дисковыми подсистемам, но может помочь при
+перегруженных CPU. На компьютерах с SMP, ULE реализует очереди для каждого CPU, позволяя
+использовать CPU affinity, CPU binding, и расширенную поддержку HyperThreading, а также
+предоставляет основу для дальнейших оптимизаций в будущем. При продолжении разработки
+fine-grained kernel locking, планировщик сможет более эффективно использовать доступные
+параллельные ресурсы.</p>
+
+<p>Линейный алгоритм поиска, использовавшийся в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a>, был замещен на алгоритм
+O(log n), строящий карту в виде дерева. Он значительно снижает нагрузку в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a> для приложений, которые
+используют <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a> во
+многих сотнях или тысячах вхождений.</p>
+
+<p>Переменные загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">debug.witness_*</var> были переименованы в
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.witness.*</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Динамический и статический линковщик FreeBSD теперь поддерживает Thread Local Storage
+(TLS), возможность <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> определять модификатор <var
+class="LITERAL">__thread</var> к определению глобальных и статических переменных. Этот
+дополнительный модификатор означает, что значение переменной локально по отношению к
+потоку; один поток, изменяющий это значение, не повлияет на значение переменной в любом
+другом потоке.</p>
+
+<p>Был обновлен код ядра, выделяющий файловые дескрипторы, и теперь он заимствован из
+кода OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Стала возможной компиляция ядра FreeBSD/i386 с Intel C/C++ Compiler (из порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/icc/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">lang/icc</tt></a>).</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. Изменения в загрузчике</a></h4>
+
+<p>Добавлена версия <tt class="FILENAME">boot0</tt> для последовательной консоли. Она
+может быть записана на диск с использованием <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=boot0cfg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">boot0cfg</span>(8)</span></a> и
+указанием <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/boot0sio</tt> в качестве аргумента к параметру <var
+class="OPTION">-b</var>.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">cdboot</tt> теперь обходит проблему BIOS, встречающуюся на
+некоторых системах при загрузке с USB CDROM приводов.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. Поддержка оборудования</a></h4>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_asus&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_asus</span>(4)</span></a> для
+использования на лэптопах ASUSTek управляемых ACPI аппаратных возможностей, таких как
+горячие клавиши и LED.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_panasonic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_panasonic</span>(4)</span></a> для поддержки горячих клавиш
+лэптопов Panasonic. Теперь он поддерживает Let's note (или Toughbook, вне Японии) CF-R1N,
+CF-R2A, и CF-R3.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_toshiba&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_toshiba</span>(4)</span></a>,
+использующий аппаратный интерфейс Toshiba для управления определенными аппаратными
+возможностями на лэптопах Toshiba, такие как переключение видео вывода.</p>
+
+<p>Добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_video&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_video</span>(4)</span></a>
+для обеспечения управления переключением экранов и фоновой яркостью с использованием
+видео расширений ACPI.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает sysctl на устройства (например, <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.root0.nexus0.acpi0.acpi_lid0.wake</var>), чтобы пользователи могли
+управлять возможностью пробуждения системы с данного устройства.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+автоматически отключается, если в BIOS компьютера имеются известные проблемы. Это
+поведение может быть изменено путем установки переменной loader <var
+class="VARNAME">hint.acpi.0.disabled</var> в <var class="LITERAL">0</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctau&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ctau</span>(4)</span></a> для
+последовательных синхронных адаптеров Cronyx Tau. Этот драйвер долгое время был известен
+как ``ct'' - до того, как был помещен в дерево исходных текстов FreeBSD. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Имя драйвера изменилось, но сетевой интерфейс все еще использует имя
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">ct</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(4)</span></a> для
+последовательных синхронных адаптеров Cronyx Tau-PCI.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">dgb</tt> (DigiBoard intelligent serial card) был удален
+вследствие неработоспособности. Его заменой является драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=digi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">digi</span>(4)</span></a>, который
+поддерживает все оборудование, которое поддерживалось драйвером <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">dgb</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nmdm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nmdm</span>(4)</span></a> был
+переписан для увеличения надежности.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">raid(4)</tt> (диск RAIDframe из NetBSD) был удален. В
+настоящее время он не функционален, и потребует дополнительного объема работы, чтобы
+стать работоспособным под существующим <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> API в
+5-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p>Запись для драйвера <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcic</span>(4)</span></a> была
+исключена из файла конфигурации ядра <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt>, поскольку драйвер
+более не поддерживается. Эта запись была закомментирована в течение длительного
+времени.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают Synaptics TouchPad.</p>
+
+<p>Генератор случайных чисел <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">random</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает аппаратный генератор (RNG) процессора VIA C3 Nehemiah (Stepping 3 и
+выше).</p>
+
+<p>Добавлен драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">sx</tt>, поддерживающий Specialix I/O8+ и
+I/O4+ intelligent multiport serial controllers.</p>
+
+<p>Добавлены переменные ядра для <var class="VARNAME">hw.uart.console</var> и <var
+class="VARNAME">hw.uart.dbgport</var> для устройства <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uart&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uart</span>(4)</span></a>. Они
+могут быть использованы соответственно для выбора последовательной консоли и отладочного
+порта, как и атрибуты.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер устройства <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> для
+поддержки управляемых с консоли последовательных адаптеров BWCT.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucycom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ucycom</span>(4)</span></a> для
+поддержки семейства мостов USB к RS232 Cypress CY7C637xx и CY7C640/1xx, один из которых
+используется в DeLorme Earthmate USB GPS приемнике (который и является единственным
+поддерживаемым этим драйвером устройством на данный момент). Этот драйвер не полон,
+поскольку в нем еще нет поддержки вывода и контроля потока.</p>
+
+<p>Некоторые старые драйверы для ISA карт были удалены, включая <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">asc</tt> драйвер для основанных на GI1904 ручных сканеров, <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">ctx</tt> драйвер для CORTEX-I Frame Grabber, <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">gp</tt> драйвер для карт National Instruments AT-GPIB и AT-GPIB/TNT,
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">gsc</tt> драйвер для ручного сканера Genius GS-4500, <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">le</tt> драйвер для DEC EtherWORKS II и III контроллеров Ethernet, <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">rdp</tt> драйвер для основанных на RealTek RTL 8002 адаптеров
+Ethernet, <tt class="DEVICENAME">spigot</tt> драйвер для платы видеозахвата Creative Labs
+Video Spigot, <tt class="DEVICENAME">stl</tt> и <tt class="DEVICENAME">stli</tt> драйверы
+для мультипортовых последовательных контроллеров Stallion Technologies и драйвер <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">wt</tt> для лент Archive/Wangtek. В настоящее время они
+нефункциональны, и потребуется определенный объем работы для приведения их в
+работоспособное состояние под новым API в 5-CURRENT. Поддержка пользовательских программ
+для этих устройств - соответствующие ioctl и утилиты, включая <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">sasc</tt> и <tt class="DEVICENAME">sgsc</tt> также были удалены.</p>
+
+<p>Инфраструктура драйверов устройств (как и многие драйверы) была обновлена. Среди
+прочих изменений: еще больше драйверов теперь используют автоматически выделяемые главные
+(major) номера (вместо старых статических главных номеров). Расширены функции по
+поддержке клонирования псевдо-устройств. Несколько изменений в API драйверов, включая
+новое поле <var class="VARNAME">d_version</var> в <var class="VARNAME">struct
+cdevsw</var>. Обратите внимание, что сторонние драйвера устройств потребуют
+перекомпиляции после этого изменения.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. Поддержка мультимедиа</a></h5>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">meteor</tt> (видеозахват) был удален вследствие
+неработоспособности и отсутствия поддержки.</p>
+
+<p>Код Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) был обновлен из дерева CVS DRI Project от 26 мая
+2004 года. Это обновление включает новые PCI ID и новый пакет для Radeon.</p>
+
+<p>Драйверы для различных звуковых карт были реорганизованы; <var class="LITERAL">device
+sound</var> это общий звуковой драйвер, а <var class="LITERAL">device snd_*</var> это
+звуковые драйвера устройств. Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">midi</tt>, поддерживающий
+последовательный порт и несколько звуковых карт, был удален. Дополнительные подробности
+находятся на соответствующих страницах справочной системы: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_als4000&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_als4000</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>, и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a> (бывший
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>) был
+модифицирован для чтения <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> при запуске, чтобы
+восстанавливать значения каналов mixer по умолчанию. Обратите внимание, что в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> все еще используется имя драйвера <var
+class="LITERAL">pcm</var>. Дополнительную информацию и примеры можно найти на странице
+справочной системы <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. Поддержка сетевых
+интерфейсов</a></h5>
+
+<p>Добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">arl</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий беспроводные адаптеры Aironet Arlan 655. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Было исправлено кратковременно отключение в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> во время
+перенастройки параметров. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwip&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwip</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий IP через FireWire. Обратите внимание, что на данный момент номер
+широковещательного канала жестко установлен и MCAP для широковещательного выделения
+каналов не поддерживается. Этот драйвер предназначен для соответствия стандартам RFC 2734
+и RFC 3146 IP через FireWire и со временем заменит драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+использует дерево устройств sysctl, например <var class="VARNAME">dev.fxp0</var>, и эти
+переменные sysctl могут быть установлены для каждого устройства.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+предоставляет реальный контроль над возможностью получения расширенных фреймов Ethernet,
+отображаемый как <var class="LITERAL">VLAN_MTU</var>. Она может переключаться из
+пространства пользователя параметрами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> и <var class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">hea</tt> (Efficient Networks, Inc. ENI-155p ATM
+adapter) был удален вследствие неработоспособности. Его функциональность была добавлена в
+драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=en&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">en</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает длинные фреймы, и может использоваться для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vlan</span>(4)</span></a> с полным
+размером Ethernet MTU.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает TCP/UDP Transmit/Receive разгрузку контрольной суммы (checksum offload) на
+прием/передачу. Поскольку <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> не
+компенсирует контрольную сумму для UDP дейтаграммы, которая может принимать значение <var
+class="LITERAL">0x0</var>, UDP разгрузка контрольной суммы на передачу выключена по
+умолчанию. Она может быть включена путем установки параметра соединения <var
+class="OPTION">link0</var> через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий карты Intel PRO/10GBE 10 Gigabit Ethernet. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">lmc</tt> (LAN Media Corp. PCI WAN adapter) был удален
+вследствие неработоспособности и отсутствия поддержки.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">loran</tt> (Loran-C receiver) был удален вследствие
+неработоспособности и отсутствии поддержки.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD теперь предоставляет уровень бинарной совместимости для использования <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R)
+NDIS драйверов для сетевых адаптеров под FreeBSD/i386. Он включает relocator/linker для
+<span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> <tt class="FILENAME">.SYS</tt> для интерфейса с
+ядром FreeBSD и эмулирует различные части NDIS API используя родные функции ядра FreeBSD.
+Эта система поддерживает сетевые устройства PCI (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a>) и
+CardBus (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cardbus&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cardbus</span>(4)</span></a>), и
+разработана главным образом для Ethernet и беспроводных сетевых интерфейсов. За
+дополнительной информацией обращайтесь к страницам справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndis</span>(4)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndiscvt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndiscvt</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, которая
+делала невозможной работу VLAN. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены несколько ошибок, относящиеся к поддержке <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a> в
+драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены несколько ошибок, относящихся к обработке multicast и promiscuous
+режимов в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a>. Он
+предоставляет поддержку USB Ethernet адаптеров, основанных на Davicom DM9601 чипсете.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий чип VIA Networking Technologies VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet и интегрированный
+10/100/1000 copper PHY.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка аппаратной TX контрольной суммы в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> была отключена,
+поскольку она не работала корректно и уменьшала скорость передачи данных. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка интерфейсами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+теперь может быть включена поинтерфейсно. Следующие сетевые драйверы поддерживают <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a>. Эта
+возможность может управляться через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> (за
+исключением <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>).
+[MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. Сетевые протоколы</a></h4>
+
+<p>Драйвер туннеля <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает WCCP версии 2.</p>
+
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">versrcreach</var>, для проверки наличия в
+таблице маршрутизатора действующего маршрута к адресу источника пакета. Этот параметр
+очень полезен для маршрутизаторов с полной информацией об основных маршрутах интернет в
+таблице маршрутизации (BGP) для отбрасывания пакетов с подделанными или
+немарштутизируемыми адресами источников. Например,</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not versrcreach
+</pre>
+
+это эквивалент следующей команды в синтаксисе Cisco IOS: 
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ip verify unicast source reachable-via any
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">antispoof</var>, для проверки адреса источника
+входящих пакетов на принадлежность к непосредственно подключенной сети. Если сеть
+подключена непосредственно, входящий пакет проверяется на соответствие интерфейсу, с
+которого он пришел. Когда входящий интерфейс и подключенный непосредственно интерфейс не
+совпадают, пакет не соответствует правилу. Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not antispoof in
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">jail</var>, для ассоциации со специфическим
+ID. Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+count ip from any to any jail 2
+</pre>
+
+Имейте ввиду, что это правило на данный момент применяется только к TCP и UDP пакетам.
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает таблицы адресов (lookup tables), полезные при обработке больших наборов
+разных адресов. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Правило <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">forward</var> было встроено в ядро параметром <var
+class="LITERAL">IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Новая переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.process_options</var> для
+контроля обработки параметров IP. При установке этой переменной в <var
+class="LITERAL">0</var> параметры IP игнорируются и передаются не измененными, при
+установке в <var class="LITERAL">1</var> все параметры IP обрабатываются (поведение по
+умолчанию), а при установке в <var class="LITERAL">2</var> все пакеты с параметрами IP
+отбрасываются с сообщением ICMP filter prohibited.</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены некоторые ошибки в реализации IPsec от KAME Project. Эти ошибки были
+связаны с освобождением объектов памяти перед тем, как все ссылки на эти объекты были
+удалены, они могли стать причиной странного поведения или паники ядра после очистки
+Security Policy Database (SPD).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает несколько экземпляров через новый параметр <var
+class="OPTION">globalports</var>. Он позволяет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> привязку
+к различным сетевым интерфейсам и распределение нагрузки.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_atmllc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_atmllc</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который работает с RFC 1483 ATM LLC инкапсуляцией.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_hub&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_hub</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который поддерживает простую рассылку пакетов и работает как концентратор Ethernet.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_rfc1490&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_rfc1490</span>(4)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает инкапсуляцию в стиле Cisco, которая часто используется вместе с RFC
+1490 в соединениях frame relay.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_sppp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+являющийся интерфейсом <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netgraph&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netgraph</span>(4)</span></a> к
+оригинальному сетевому модулю <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> для
+синхронных линий.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый метод Netgraph, позволяющий восстановление поведения, потерянного
+при изменении стиля узлов Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tee&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tee</span>(4)</span></a> с
+4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_vlan</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который поддерживает IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка <var class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var> теперь постоянно встроена в ядро, и
+соответствующие параметры ядра были удалены. Все подсистемы фильтрации пакетов,
+поддерживаемые FreeBSD, теперь используют инфраструктуру <var
+class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>В сокет маршрутизации была добавлена поддержка уведомления об изменении состояния
+носителя Ethernet.</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> была
+переписана заново. LQM, описанный в RFC 1989, позволяет PPP сохранять информацию о
+качестве работающего соединения. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Клонирование псевдо-интерфейсов было обновлено, чтобы сделать возможным создание
+интерфейсов <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> с именами
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, или <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">6to4</tt>. Обратите внимание, что это нарушает обратную совместимость;
+например, теперь <tt class="COMMAND">ifconfig stf</tt> создаст интерфейс <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, а не <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, и не выведет <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt> на стандартный вывод.</p>
+
+<p>Следующие возможности TCP теперь включены по умолчанию: RFC 3042 (Limited Retransmit),
+RFC 3390 (increased initial congestion window sizes), TCP bandwidth-delay product
+limiting. Для этих возможностей доступен набор переменных sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3042</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3390</var>, и <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</var>. Дополнительная информация может быть
+найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD реализация TCP теперь включает поддержку минимального MSS (устанавливается
+через переменную sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmss</var>) и ограничение
+потока данных через соединения, передающие множество мелких TCP сегментов в короткий
+период времени (через переменную sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmssoverload</var>). Соединения, превысившие этот предел,
+могут быть сброшены. Эта возможность предоставляет защиту от целого класса исчерпывающих
+ресурсы атак.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация TCP теперь включает частичную поддержку RFC 2385 (TCP-MD5) digest (только
+на вывод). Эта возможность, включаемая параметрами ядра <var
+class="LITERAL">TCP_SIGNATURE</var> и <var class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</var>, является
+расширением TCP для аутентификации TCP сессий. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setkey&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setkey</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+включает поддержку TCP-MD5 класса ассоциаций безопасности. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Обработка reset в TCP соединении была улучшена, чтобы усложнить reset атаки настолько,
+насколько это возможно, при сохранении совместимости с широчайшим диапазоном TCP
+стеков.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация RFC 1948 была улучшена. Компонент временного смещения в Initial Sequence
+Number (ISN) теперь включает случайное положительное число, так что ISN всегда
+увеличивается, независимо от скорости повторного использования порта.</p>
+
+<p>Было реализовано произвольное ``эфемерное'' выделение порта (random ephemeral port
+allocation), пришедшее из OpenBSD. Оно включено по умолчанию и может быть отключено через
+переменную sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен TCP Selective Acknowledgements (SACK), как описано в RFC 2018. Это
+увеличивает производительность TCP через соединения с большими потерями пакетов. SACK
+может быть включен переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.sack.enable</var>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. Диски и хранение</a></h4>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает контроллеры <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cardbus&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cardbus</span>(4)</span></a>
+ATA/SATA.</p>
+
+<p>Было исправлено множество ошибок в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>. Наиболее
+заметные из них относятся к улучшению детектирования master/slave устройств и к проблемам
+с задержками.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает Promise command sequencer, имеющийся на всех современных контроллерах
+Promise (PDC203** PDC206**).</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Добавлена также предварительная поддержка для Promise SX4/SX4000 в
+качестве ``обычного'' Promise ATA контроллера; ATA RAID поддерживается, но только с
+уровнями RAID0, RAID1 и RAID0+1.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">DA_OLD_QUIRKS</var>, предназначенный для драйвера
+диска CAM SCSI (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cam</span>(4)</span></a>) был
+удален. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>, которая
+могла приводить к прерыванию ввода/вывода в некоторых редких случаях.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_CONCAT</var> для соединения нескольких дисков в один.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_NOP</var> для различного тестирования.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_RAID3</var> для преобразования RAID3 и утилита пользователя <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=graid3&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">graid3</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_STRIPE</var>, который реализует преобразование RAID0. В этом классе
+есть два режима: ``fast'' и ``economic''. В режиме fast, когда используются очень
+небольшой размер страйпа, только один запрос ввода вывода отправляется к каждому диску в
+страйпе; это приблизительно в 10 раз быстрее для страйпов малого размера, чем режим
+economic и другие реализации RAID0. Хотя режим fast используется по умолчанию, он
+потребляет несколько больше памяти. Путем установки переменной загрузчика <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.fast</var> в 0 может быть включен режим economic, в
+котором запросы отправляются каждый раз. Возможно также указание максимального количества
+памяти, потребляемого в режиме fast, через переменную загрузчика <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.maxmem</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен GEOM Gate, который состоит из нового класса <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GATE</var> и нескольких утилит пользователя GEOM Gate (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatec</span>(8)</span></a>, and
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggated&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggated</span>(8)</span></a>). Он
+поддерживает экспорт устройств, включающих не приспособленные к <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> через
+сеть.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_LABEL</var> для обнаружения меток томов на различных файловых
+системах, таких как UFS, MSDOSFS (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32), и ISO9660.</p>
+
+<p>Новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GPT</var>, поддерживающий разделы GUID Partition Table (GPT) и
+возможность создания большого количества разделов на одном диске, был добавлен в <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> по умолчанию.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_MIRROR</var>, поддерживающий функциональность RAID1. Для контроля
+этого класса может использоваться утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gmirror&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gmirror</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_UZIP</var>, реализующий сжатые диски только для чтения. На данный
+момент он поддерживает формат сжатия дисков cloop V2.0.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_VINUM</var> для поддержки взаимодействия между <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает современные контроллеры Adaptec ServeRAID series SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twa</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий контроллеры 3ware's 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает отсутствовавшие команды ATAPI MMC и правильно обрабатывает задержки.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Менеджер томов <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> был
+обновлен для использования <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>,
+инфраструктуры трансформирования дисковых запросов ввода-вывода 5.x. Была добавлена
+утилита пользователя <tt class="COMMAND">gvinum</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена поддержка LSI-type программного RAID.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. Файловые системы</a></h4>
+
+<p>Код файловой системы EXT2FS теперь включает частичную поддержку больших файлов (&gt;
+4GB). Частичность поддержки заключается в том, невозможно создать большие файлы на
+файловых системах, которые не были обновлены до <var class="LITERAL">EXT2_DYN_REV</var>
+или на тех, где в суперблоке не установлен флаг <var
+class="LITERAL">EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена паника в NFSv4 клиенте; она случалась при попытке работы с
+поддерживающим только NFSv3/NFSv2 сервером.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">MSDOSFS_LARGE</var> для поддержки
+файловых систем больших, чем 128GB. Этот параметр выключен по умолчанию. Имейте ввиду,
+что он использует как минимум 32 байта памяти ядра для каждого файла на диске; его
+использование безопасно только в четко контролируемых ситуациях, таких как монтирование
+файловой системы с менее чем 1 миллионом файлов только для чтения, и так далее. Экспорт
+этих больших файловых систем по NFS не поддерживается.</p>
+
+<p>Клиент SMBFS теперь поддерживает подпись SMB запроса, которая предотвращает атаки
+``man in the middle'' и необходима для подключения к серверам Windows 2003 в настройке по
+умолчанию. Поскольку подпись каждого сообщения понижает производительность, эта
+возможность включается только если сервер ее требует; со временем она может стать
+параметром <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_smbfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_smbfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN925" name="AEN925">2.2.6. Стороннее программное
+обеспечение</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ALTQ framework</b> была импортирована из снэпшота KAME от 7
+июня 2004 года. Этот импорт нарушает совместимость ABI в <var class="VARNAME">struct
+ifnet</var> и требует перекомпиляции всех сетевых драйверов. Кроме того, некоторые
+сетевые драйверы были изменены для поддержки инфраструктуры ALTQ. Обновлены драйверы <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tun&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tun</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> был обновлен с версии 3.4.31 до версии 3.4.35
+[MERGED].</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. Изменения в программах
+пользователя</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpidump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpidump</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает таблицы SSDT. Дамп или дизассемблирование DSDT теперь также включает
+содержимое этих таблиц, если они присутствуют.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-f</var> для работы с файлами вместо
+разделов диска.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdtar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdtar</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+используется в качестве утилиты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> в базовой
+системе FreeBSD по умолчанию. <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/tar</tt> был сделан
+символической ссылкой, указывающей по умолчанию на <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/bsdtar</tt>. Для возврата к <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/gtar</tt> по умолчанию, может быть использована переменная
+сборки <var class="VARNAME">WITH_GTAR</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены команды <tt class="COMMAND">bthidcontrol</tt> и <tt
+class="COMMAND">bthidd</tt>, поддерживающие Bluetooth HID (Human Interface Device).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=col&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">col</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colcrt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colcrt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colrm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colrm</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=column&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">column</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fmt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=join&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">join</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rev&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rev</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ul&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ul</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают многобайтовые символы.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает команды <var class="LITERAL">set</var> и <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var>, которые устанавливают/удаляют виртуальную консоль. <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var> направляет вывод из системы, например <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(9)</span></a> из
+ядра, на реальную основную консоль. Это интерфейс к tty ioctl <var
+class="LITERAL">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Даемон <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+принимает два параметра, <var class="OPTION">-j</var> и <var class="OPTION">-J</var>,
+включающие рассинхронизацию заданий, запускаемых непривилегированными пользователями и
+суперпользователем соответственно. Рассинхронизация означает, что перед выполнением
+задания <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a>
+останавливается на небольшой произвольный период времени в заданном пределе. Эта
+возможность предназначена для уменьшения пиков нагрузки, появляющихся при выполнении
+большого количества задач, запланированных на определенный момент времени. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Параметры <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cut&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cut</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-c</var>, <var class="OPTION">-d</var>, и <var class="OPTION">-f</var>
+теперь корректно работают в локалях с многобайтными символами.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает ключевое слово <var class="OPTION">iso8601</var> для отображения дат в
+формате ISO 8601.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-p</var> для создания PID файла.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">fillchar</var> для указания альтернативного
+символа заполнения в режиме конверсии, или при использовании <var
+class="OPTION">noerror</var> с <var class="OPTION">sync</var> при возникновении ошибки
+ввода.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-c</var> для отображения полной статистики
+файловых систем.</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a>, которая могла
+приводить к выводу некорректной информации при указании параметра <var
+class="OPTION">-t</var> и недоступности точки монтирования для вызывающего
+пользователя.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <tt class="COMMAND">doscmd</tt> была удалена из базовой системы FreeBSD и
+доступна через порт <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> из коллекции портов FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживают параметр <var class="OPTION">-P</var> для указания других методов
+резервного копирования (не в файлы или на ленты). Аргумент передается <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> с определенной
+переменной окружения <var class="VARNAME">$DUMP_VOLUME</var> или <var
+class="VARNAME">$RESTORE_VOLUME</var> соответственно. Дополнительная информация находится
+на страницах справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eeprom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">eeprom</span>(8)</span></a> для
+отображения и изменения настроек системы, сохраненных в EEPROM или NVRAM. Существующая
+реализация поддерживает системы, поставляемые с Open Firmware.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetwln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetwln</span>(3)</span></a>,
+версия <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetln</span>(3)</span></a> для
+расширенных символов.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-acl</var> в основном для поиска файлов с <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acl</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новый основной параметр <var class="OPTION">-depth <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">n</var></var>, который проверяет, соответствует ли глубина вложения
+данного файла относительно начальной точки поиска <var class="REPLACEABLE">n</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+при открытии сокета для передачи данных в активном режиме использует эффективный UID
+текущего пользователя, а не <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>. Это полезно для сопоставления
+анонимного FTP трафика правилу <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> с
+параметром <var class="LITERAL">uid</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы функции <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftw</span>(3)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nftw</span>(3)</span></a>. Они
+используются для прохода по иерархии каталогов.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(8)</span></a> для
+оперирования классами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> из
+пространства пользователя.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a>, утилита
+для работы с GUID таблицей разделов, теперь поддерживает команду <var
+class="OPTION">remove</var>. Ее команда <var class="OPTION">add</var> теперь поддерживает
+параметр <var class="OPTION">-i</var>, который позволяет пользователю определять номер
+для нового раздела.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">id</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-M</var> для вывода метки MAC текущего
+процесса.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает переименование сетевых интерфейсов на лету, используя параметр <var
+class="OPTION">name</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь выводит <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+статус интерфейса. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь предоставляет параметры <var class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> и <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>, контролирующие возможность получения расширенных фреймов
+некоторыми Ethernet интерфейсами (т.е. фреймов, содержащих более чем 1500 байт
+данных).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь предоставляет параметры <var class="OPTION">vlanhwtag</var> и <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanhwtag</var>, контролирующие возможность обработки тегов VLAN
+некоторыми Ethernet интерфейсами на аппаратном уровне.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-ldi</var> для управления выравниванием
+локальных переменных. В этой утилите было сделано несколько других изменений.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> now
+supports <var class="OPTION">-fbs</var> and <var class="OPTION">-ut</var> for function
+declarations with the opening brace on the same line as the declaration of arguments all
+spaces and no tabs in order to fix problem when non-8 space tabs are used.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-n</var> для запрета внесения любых изменений в
+правила ядра</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipcs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipcs</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-u</var> для отображения информации о IPC
+механизмах, принадлежащих определенному пользователю.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-b</var> для вывода только действия и
+комментария каждого правила, исключая тело правила.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-U</var> для запуска команды под пользователем,
+который существует только внутри среды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-l</var> для очистки окружения. Все переменные
+окружения очищаются, за исключением <var class="VARNAME">HOME</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">SHELL</var>, <var class="VARNAME">PATH</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">TERM</var>, и <var class="VARNAME">USER</var> перед запуском программы в
+jail под определенным пользователем. Это поведение подобно поведению <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> с параметром
+<var class="OPTION">-l</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита отладки ядра <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kgdb</span>(1)</span></a>, которая
+использует <b class="APPLICATION">libgdb</b> и работает с потоками ядра, модулями ядра и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kvm&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kvm</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-e</var>, с которым <var
+class="OPTION">-u</var> указывает на эффективный, а не реальный ID пользователя.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>В <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libalias&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libalias</span>(3)</span></a>
+теперь есть поддержка (и новый API) для нескольких синонимов в одном процессе.
+Существующий API был переписан в терминах нового для сохранения совместимости.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена библиотека <b class="APPLICATION">libarchive</b> для работы со сжатыми
+и несжатыми архивными файлами. Дополнительная информация может быть найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libdisk</b> теперь использует <var
+class="VARNAME">d_addr_t</var> для адресов дисков. Это позволяет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+правильно работать с дисками и файловыми системами размером более 1 TB.</p>
+
+<p>Библиотека, первоначально известная как <b class="APPLICATION">libkse</b>, была
+переименована в <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> и теперь это библиотека потоков по
+умолчанию для платформ i386, amd64 и ia64. Параметр <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> <var
+class="OPTION">-pthread</var> был изменен для использования <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> вместо <b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Пользователи со старыми бинарными файлами (например, из портов,
+скомпилированных до внесения этого изменения) должны использовать <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+для создания ссылок <b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b> и/или <b
+class="APPLICATION">libkse</b> на <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Пользователям поставляемых NVIDIA драйверов и библиотек может
+потребоваться использование <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+в котором есть ссылка <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> на старую библиотеку <b
+class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>, поскольку эти драйвера не работают с <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> теперь поддерживает переменную окружения <var
+class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE</var> для включения режима 1:1 (используя набор
+системных потоков). Обратите внимание, что сборка <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> с
+флагом <var class="OPTION">-DSYSTEM_SCOPE_ONLY</var> также включает режим 1:1, и что этот
+параметр установлен по умолчанию для архитектур, которые еще не поддерживают режим M:N.
+Кроме того, переменная окружения <var class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE</var>
+может использоваться для принудительного включения режима M:N (используя набор потоков
+процесса). Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>заставляет приложение <var class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var> использовать
+системный набор потоков, а</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>соответственно заставляет его использовать набор потоков процесса.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в параметре <var class="OPTION">-d</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> была
+исправлена. Кроме того, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+корректно работает с многобайтными локалями.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+обрабатывает имена файлов как мультибайтовые последовательности символов, в соответствии
+с текущей переменной <var class="VARNAME">LC_CTYPE</var>, когда определяется какие
+символы печатаемые.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новую директиву <var class="LITERAL">.warning</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает POSIX-совместимый флаг <var class="LITERAL">+</var> в командных строках <tt
+class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>, которая приводит к выполнению строки даже при указании
+параметра <var class="OPTION">-n</var>. Это полезно например при вызове вложенных
+make.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+помещает переменные из командной строки в переменную <var
+class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, как этого требует POSIX. Это приводит к передаче
+переменных через все вложенные make, вызываемые через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> (кроме
+переменной <var class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, которая эксклюзивно изменяется в
+окружении вложенного make). Помимо прочего, это делает переменные не переписываемыми во
+вложенных make, кроме как из командной строки.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы функции C99 <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyint</span>(3)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyintf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyintf</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был реализован заголовок C99 <tt class="FILENAME">tgmath.h</tt>. Он предоставляет
+макрос для функций <tt class="FILENAME">math.h</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">complex.h</tt>, которые реализованы для float, double и long double.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы расширения GNU для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mbsnrtowcs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mbsnrtowcs</span>(3)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wcsnrtombs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">wcsnrtombs</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь позволяет пользователям устанавливать параметр отладки через файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь использует новый порядок при обработке ротации файлов. Сначала ротируются все
+файлы, которые необходимо ротировать, затем посылается одиночный сигнал каждому процессу,
+которому необходимо послать сигнал, и наконец все файлы, которые были ротированы,
+сжимаются.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nextwctype&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nextwctype</span>(3)</span></a>
+для перебора всех символов из определенного класса.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена первичная поддержка для UTF-8 версий всех поддерживаемых в настоящее
+время системных локалей. Это сделано в основном для порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/utf8locale/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/utf8locale</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Добавлена локаль Israel Hebrew <var class="LITERAL">he_IL.UTF-8</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logins&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">logins</span>(1)</span></a> для
+отображения информации о пользовательских и системных учетных записях.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mountd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-p</var>, позволяющий пользователям указывать
+известный порт для указания его в правилах брандмауэра.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь отображает членство в широковещательных группах, имеющихся в системе.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают флаг <var class="OPTION">-l</var> для установки MAC multilabel флага на
+новых системах без использования <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь сообщает о попытках входа через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Программа <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a> была
+перемещена из <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nologin</tt>. <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> стал
+символической ссылкой для обратной совместимости.</p>
+
+<p>В поддержку NSS было внесено исправление, которое решает проблемы с использованием
+сторонних NSS модулей (таких как <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/nss_ldap/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/nss_ldap</tt></a>) и групп с длинным списком членов.</p>
+
+<p>В <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">od</span>(1)</span></a> теперь есть
+поддержка многобайтных символов в стиле POSIX.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patch</span>(1)</span></a> была
+замещена BSD-лицензированной версией из OpenBSD. Она включает параметр <var
+class="OPTION">--posix</var> для строгого соответствия POSIX.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены команды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pgrep</span>(1)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkill&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkill</span>(1)</span></a>,
+пришедшие их NetBSD. Они также поддерживают параметр <var class="OPTION">-M</var> для
+извлечения значений, связанных со списком имен из указанного дампа (core) вместо <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt> по умолчанию, и параметр <var class="OPTION">-N</var> для
+извлечения списка имен из указанной системы вместо ядра (kernel) по умолчанию.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает команду ``set rad_alive <var class="REPLACEABLE">N</var>'' для
+периодического отправления учетной информации RADIUS на сервер RADIUS. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает команду ``set pppoe [standard|3Com]'' для настройки режима взаимодействия с
+низлежащим узлом Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_pppoe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_pppoe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Была улучшена совместимость <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> с POSIX/SUSv3.
+Эти изменения включают параметры <var class="OPTION">-p</var> для списка ID процессов,
+<var class="OPTION">-t</var> для списка имен терминалов, <var class="OPTION">-A</var>,
+которая эквивалентна <var class="OPTION">-ax</var>, <var class="OPTION">-G</var> для
+списка ID групп, <var class="OPTION">-X</var>, которая противоположна <var
+class="OPTION">-x</var>, и некоторые мелкие улучшения. За дальнейшей информацией
+обращайтесь к <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр форматирования <var class="OPTION">-O emul</var>, при котором
+печатается имя эмулируемых системных переменных окружения, в которых находится
+процесс.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-H</var>, который принимает указатель на файл с
+зашифрованным паролем. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a>,
+которая не позволяла ему правильно работать на интерфейсах более чем с одним IP адресом.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=regex&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">regex</span>(3)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает регулярные выражения, учитывая многобайтные символы.</p>
+
+<p>Файлы настройки, используемые <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a>,
+теперь поддерживают ключевые слова <var class="LITERAL">timeout:</var> и <var
+class="LITERAL">attempts:</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a> и
+ассоциированные интерфейсы теперь гораздо лучше подходят для повторного использования и
+работы с потоками. Множественные запросы к DNS теперь могут происходить одновременно, что
+приводит к значительному улучшению производительности некоторых многопоточных приложений.
+Некоторые многопоточные приложения необходимо перекомпилировать; примеры из коллекции
+портов: <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/www/mozilla/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">www/mozilla</tt></a> и варианты, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/evolution/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">mail/evolution</tt></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs</tt></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs2</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmdir&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmdir</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-v</var>, для вывода информации об удаляемых
+файлах.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь правильно работает для дамп файлов больше 2GB.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=script&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">script</span>(1)</span></a> была
+исправлена, и теперь он работает корректно если его стандартный ввод закрыт. Это
+исправление предотвращает потенциально опасное взаимодействие с пакетом <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>; если он запускался не интерактивно, то
+мог удалить все устаревшие порты без их переустановки.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен даемон <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sdpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sdpd</span>(8)</span></a>
+Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol.</p>
+
+<p>Команда <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">y</var> (транслирование) теперь поддерживает многобайтные символы.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены утилиты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sha1&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sha1</span>(1)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmd160&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmd160</span>(1)</span></a>.
+Подобно <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md5&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md5</span>(1)</span></a>, они
+вычисляют хэш вводимых данных. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена небольшая утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smbmsg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">smbmsg</span>(8)</span></a>, для
+отправки/получения SMBus сообщений.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+использует <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> в качестве компьютера по умолчанию в пакетах
+запроса <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talkd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talkd</span>(8)</span></a>, если
+назначение и источник локальны. Это делает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a>
+зависимым от правильно установленной записи для <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt> или в DNS.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает два новых параметра: параметр <var class="OPTION">-w</var>, позволяющий
+создание новых файлов, и параметр <var class="OPTION">-U</var>, позволяющий установку
+umask.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает отображение текущего количества I/O. Эта возможность может быть включена
+нажатием ``m'' или передачей параметра командной строки <var class="OPTION">-m
+io</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Многие утилиты пользователя в базовой системе (в основном предоставленные GNU утилиты)
+теперь используют системную версию <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getopt_long&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getopt_long</span>(3)</span></a>,
+вместо GNU версии.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. Скрипты <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p>Скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">diskless</tt> был разделен на <tt
+class="FILENAME">hostname</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolve</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">tmp</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">var</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">gbde_swap</tt>, поддерживающий gbde
+устройства подкачки. При указании переменной <var class="VARNAME">gbde_swap_enable</var>
+в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+устройство подкачки <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var class="REPLACEABLE">foo.bde</var></tt>
+из <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a>
+автоматически подключается во время загрузки с устройством <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">foo</var></tt> и случайным ключом, полученным как контрольная сумма
+MD5 от 512 байт, прочитанных из <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/random</tt>. Обратите внимание,
+что это делает невозможным восстановление дампов ядра.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены <var class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> и <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_verbose</var>. Когда <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> установлена в <var class="LITERAL">YES</var>,
+политика выбора адреса загружается в ядро. Если существует <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/ip6addrctl.conf</tt>, он будет использован, иначе будет
+задействована политика по умолчанию. Применяется политика по умолчанию, описанная в RFC
+3484, если <var class="VARNAME">ipv6_enable</var> установлена в <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var>. Иначе в качестве политики по умолчанию будет использована
+политика приоритетов для адресов IPv4.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">mixer</tt>. При завершении работы сохраняет
+текущие настройки всех аудио микшеров, присутствующих в системе, и восстанавливает их при
+загрузке.</p>
+
+<p>Скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">named</tt> был обновлен для поддержки <b
+class="APPLICATION">BIND 9</b> в базовой системе. Изменения включают:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> по
+умолчанию запускается в каталоге <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. Это поведение может быть отменено переменной <var
+class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> в файле <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var>,
+а каталог <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> может
+быть изменен переменной <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> в том же файле.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Когда переменная <var class="VARNAME">named_chroot_autoupdate</var> установлена в <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var> (это значение по умолчанию), каталог chroot автоматически
+настраивается во время загрузки. Символическая ссылка, которая указывает на <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/etc/namedb</tt>, создается как <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/namedb</tt>, а символическая ссылка, которая указывает в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/var/run/named/pid</tt>, создается как <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/named/pid</tt>. Последнее может быть отменено переменной <var
+class="VARNAME">named_symlink_enable</var> в файле <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">rndc.key</tt> создается автоматически, если еще не
+существует.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Были добавлены скрипты <tt class="FILENAME">pf</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">pflog</tt>
+для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. Стороннее программное
+обеспечение</a></h3>
+
+<p>Код <b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> был обновлен с с снэпшота 20030619 до снэпшота
+20040527.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">AMD (am-utils)</b> был обновлен с версии 6.0.9 до версии
+6.0.10p1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">awk</b> от Bell Labs был обновлен с релиза от 29 июня 2003 года
+до релиза 7 февраля 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> был обновлен с версии 8.3.1-REL до версии 9.3.0.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> были обновлены до снэпшота от 23 мая 2004 из ветви
+FSF 2.15.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> был обновлен с версии 1.11.15 до версии 1.11.17.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FILE</b> был обновлен с версии 3.41 до версии 4.10.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">gdtoa</b> (библиотека, выполняющая преобразования чисел между
+бинарным и десятичным форматами) была обновлена с версии 20030324 до версии 20040118.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GDB</b> был обновлен до версии 6.1.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU GCC</b> был обновлен с версии 3.3.3-prerelease от 6 ноября,
+2003 до 3.4.2-prerelease от 28 июля, 2004.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> был обновлен с версии 2.4d до версии 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">less</b> был обновлен с версии 371 до версии 381.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU readline</b> 4.3 была обновлена официальными патчами с 001
+до 005.</p>
+
+<p>Библиотека <b class="APPLICATION">GNU regex</b> была обновлена до версии, включенной в
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU sort</b> был обновлен с textutils 2.1 до снэпшота coreutils
+5.2.1 от 12 августа 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация <b class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b> в основной системе теперь называется <tt
+class="FILENAME">gtar</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> был обновлен с версии 0.6 до версии
+0.6.1.</p>
+
+<p>Клиент <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> был обновлен c версии 3.0.1 RC10 до версии
+3.0.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> была обновлена с версии 0.7.1 до версии 0.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b> был обновлен с снэпшота от 3 ноября 2003 года до
+снэпшота от 9 августа 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> был обновлен с версии 4.1.1a до версии 4.2.0.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> был обновлен с релиза Dogwood до релиза
+Eelgrass.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> был обновлен с версии 3.6.1p1 до версии
+3.8.1p1.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Настройка по умолчанию для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> была
+изменена. SSH протокол версии 1 теперь не включен по умолчанию. Кроме того,
+аутентификация по паролю через SSH выключена по умолчанию если включен PAM.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> был обновлен с версии 0.9.7c до версии 0.9.7d.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> VIA C3 Nehemiah PadLock ACE (Advanced
+Cryptography Engine) криптографии, которая предоставляет шифрование Advanced Encryption
+Standard (AES), была импортирована из пререлиза <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">pf</b>, пакетный фильтр OpenBSD из OpenBSD 3.5-stable, был
+импортирован в дерево исходных текстов FreeBSD, и теперь установлен по умолчанию.
+Добавлены также два новых пользователя (<tt class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> и <tt
+class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>) и три новых группы (<tt class="USERNAME">authpf</tt>, <tt
+class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> и <tt class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>), которые необходимы <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> При обновлении из исходных текстов, должны быть добавлены эти
+учетные записи. Для добавления этих записей в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> может
+быть использован <var class="LITERAL">mergemaster -p</var>. Для выключения сборки <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b> может быть использована переменная <var
+class="VARNAME">NO_PF</var> в <tt class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Были импортированы несколько утилит пользователя из OpenBSD <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp-proxy&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp-proxy</span>(8)</span></a> это
+ftp прокси для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pfctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pfctl</span>(8)</span></a> это
+эквивалент <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipf</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pflogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pflogd</span>(8)</span></a> это
+даемон для протоколирования пакетов через <var class="LITERAL">if_pflog</var> в формате
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcap&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcap</span>(3)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=authpf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">authpf</span>(8)</span></a>
+оболочка для изменения наборов правил <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">routed</b> был обновлен с релиза 2.22 до релиза 2.27 с
+rhyolite.com. Обратите внимание, что для тех, кто использовал возможность RIP MD5
+аутентификацию, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+несовместим с предыдущими версиями FreeBSD; однако, теперь он совместим с реализациями от
+Sun, Cisco и других поставщиков.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> был обновлен с версии 8.12.10 до версии 8.13.1.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> был обновлен с версии 3.7.1 до версии 3.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> был обновлен с версии 6.11 до 6.13.00.</p>
+
+<p>База данных временных зон была обновлена с <tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2003a</tt> до
+<tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2004a</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">zlib</b> был обновлен с версии 1.1.4 до версии 1.2.1.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. Инфраструктура коллекции
+портов/пакетов</a></h3>
+
+<p>Большинство скриптов запуска/останова, устанавливаемые различными портами, теперь
+используют новую инфраструктуру <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a>, представленную
+в FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, хотя некоторые порты все еще используют
+скрипты в старом стиле. При запуске сначала выполняются скрипты в новом стиле, а затем в
+старом. При останове все происходит в точности наоборот.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен и включен по умолчанию атрибут <var class="LITERAL">SIZE</var> для
+distfiles, который может быть использован для проверки размеров файлов перед загрузкой.
+<var class="VARNAME">DISABLE_SIZE</var> может быть использована для запрещения проверки
+размера. Это особенно полезно на старых версиях FreeBSD, где нет соответствующей
+поддержки в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>, и для
+некоторых FTP прокси, которые всегда выдают неверные размеры.</p>
+
+<p>Для отслеживания наиболее важных изменений в дерево портов были добавлены два файла:
+<tt class="FILENAME">ports/CHANGES</tt> содержит список основных изменений в коллекции
+портов и ее инфраструктуре. <tt class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt> описывает некоторые
+потенциально проблемные случаи, которые могут встретиться при обновлении определенных
+портов, по аналогии с <tt class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> в базовой системе.</p>
+
+<p>Код обработки версий в системных утилитах <tt class="FILENAME">pkg_*</tt> был
+переписан для восстановления совместимости с 4.x и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Инструментарий пакетов теперь может искать совпадения с помощью операторов отношения и
+выборов в стиле csh <var class="LITERAL">{...}</var>, например:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">pkg_info -I 'docbook&#62;=3.0'</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>отобразит (все) docbook DTD с версией как минимум 3.0. Дополнительные параметры
+командной строки также были добавлены для поддержки шаблонов.</p>
+
+<p>Была улучшена обработка сбойных баз данных пакетов.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-S</var> для добавления префикса ко всем
+<var class="LITERAL">@cwd</var> во время создания пакета.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-j</var> для отображения скрипта
+зависимостей каждого пакета.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. Подготовка релизов и
+интеграция</a></h3>
+
+<p>Процесс сборки загрузочных дискет был полностью пересмотрен. Наиболее значительное
+изменение заключается в том, что загрузчик теперь загружает <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ядро, разделенное на несколько дисков (два на момент
+написания). Это существенно улучшает установку, начинающуюся загрузкой с дискеты,
+поскольку теперь она использует точно такое же ядро (и, таким образом, то же
+оборудование), что и при установке с CDROM. Урезанное ядро <tt
+class="FILENAME">MFSROOT</tt> больше не нужно, и образ <tt class="FILENAME">mfsroot</tt>
+более не требует подключения модулей ядра. Образы <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> и
+<tt class="FILENAME">driver.flp</tt> также более не требуются и не собираются.</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка криптографии в FreeBSD более не опциональный компонент релизов, и
+дистрибутивный компонент <var class="LITERAL">crypto</var> теперь часть <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>. Обратите внимание, что параметр сборки <var
+class="OPTION">-DNOCRYPT</var> все еще существует для всех, кто хочет собрать бинарные
+файлы без поддержки криптографии.</p>
+
+<p>Поддерживаемый релиз <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> был обновлен с версии 2.4 до
+версии 2.6.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Если вы используете старый <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> десктоп
+отдельно (<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>), простое обновление его из коллекции портов FreeBSD
+с помощью <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) вызовет серьезные проблемы. Если вы
+используете <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> в качестве десктопа, внимательно прочтите
+инструкции <a href="../../../../../gnome/docs/faq26.html"
+target="_top">../../../../../gnome/docs/faq26.html</a>, и используйте скрипт <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt> для правильного обновления до <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.6.</p>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что если вы используете только библиотеки <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+будет достаточно для обновления портов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Поддерживаемый релиз <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> был обновлен с версии 3.1.4 до
+версии 3.2.3.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/portaudit/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">security/portaudit</tt></a> теперь находится в коллекции портов FreeBSD.
+Эта утилита читает базу данных, содержащую известные уязвимости портов, и сообщает о них
+администратору.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD теперь использует <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> вместо <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> в качестве X Window System по умолчанию. Поддерживаемый
+релиз <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> - X11R6.7.0. Обратите внимание, что <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> также доступен из коллекции портов FreeBSD (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/XFree86-4/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/XFree86-4</tt></a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. Документация</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. Обновление с предыдущих релизов
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Пользователям с уже установленными системами FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">настоятельно</i></span> рекомендуется прочесть ``Руководство для новых
+пользователей FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE''. На дистрибутивном носителе или в любом другом месте,
+где можно найти информацию о релизе, имя файла этого документа обычно <tt
+class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt>. Он предоставляет отдельные заметки по обновлению, но,
+что более важно, сравнительно рассматривает работу с 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> и
+обновление до 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Обновление FreeBSD конечно же должно производиться только после
+резервного копирования <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">всех</i></span> данных
+и файлов настройки.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-ia64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-ia64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf3c8c813a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-ia64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,2275 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Информация о релизе FreeBSD/ia64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Информация о релизе FreeBSD/ia64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.5 2004/10/11 12:59:07 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN13" name="AEN13"></a>
+<p>Заметки о релизе для FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE содержат общую информацию по изменениям,
+внесенным в систему FreeBSD с момента выпуска 5.2.1-RELEASE. Этот документ содержит
+список сообщений безопасности, выпущенных после последнего релиза, а также список
+значительных изменений, внесенных в ядро и пользовательские программы FreeBSD.
+Представлены также краткие заметки по обновлению системы.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>Содержание</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">Введение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">Что нового</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">Сообщения безопасности</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">Изменения в ядре</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">Изменения в загрузчике</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">Поддержка оборудования</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">Сетевые протоколы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">Диски и хранение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">Файловые системы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN925">Стороннее программное обеспечение</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">Изменения в программах пользователя</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">Скрипты <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">Стороннее программное обеспечение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">Инфраструктура коллекции портов/пакетов</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">Подготовка релизов и интеграция</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">Документация</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">Обновление с предыдущих релизов FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>Этот документ содержит информацию о релизе FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE для аппаратной
+платформы IA-64. В нем описаны недавно добавленные, измененные, или удаленные возможности
+FreeBSD. Он также представляет некоторые заметки по обновлению с предыдущей версии
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Этот дистрибутив FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE представляет собой release. Его можно найти на <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> или на любом из
+зеркал. Дополнительная информация по получению этого (или другого) release дистрибутива
+FreeBSD может быть найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">приложении ``Получение FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">Руководства
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Всем пользователям рекомендуется ознакомиться с сообщениями о проблемах перед
+установкой FreeBSD. В этот документ вносятся самая последняя информация, полученная в
+позже в процессе выпуска релиза или после релиза. Обычно в нем находятся информация о
+известных ошибках, сообщениях безопасности и исправления документации. Актуальную копию
+сообщений о проблемах для FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE можно найти на веб сайте FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. Что нового</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этом разделе описаны основные видимые пользователю добавленные или измененные с
+5.2.1-RELEASE возможности FreeBSD. Как правило, изменения, описанные здесь, уникальны для
+5-STABLE, если только они не помечены как [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>Обычно в информации о релизе последовательно включены последние сообщения
+безопасности, выпущенные после 5.3-RELEASE, информация о поддержки новых драйверов или
+оборудования, новых команд или параметров, информация о основных исправлениях ошибок, или
+обновлениях стороннего программного обеспечения. В нем могут также перечисляться
+изменения важнейших портов/пакетов или практики выпуска релизов. Конечно, в информацию о
+релизе не вносятся данные о каждом отдельном изменении, сделанном в FreeBSD между
+релизами; этот документ фокусируется в основном на сообщениях безопасности, видимых
+пользователю изменениях, и основных архитектурных улучшениях.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. Сообщения безопасности</a></h3>
+
+<p>Исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>;
+она приводила к сбрасыванию флагов файловой системы к их значению по умолчанию при
+создании снимка (снэпшота) файловой системы. Возможные последствия зависят от способа
+использования, но могут привести к отключению дополнительных списков контроля доступа,
+или разрешению использования setuid бита на исполняемых файлах, расположенных на
+недоверяемой файловой системе. Эта ошибка также относится к параметру <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-L</var>, где используется <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>.
+Обратите внимание, что <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>
+обычно доступен только суперпользователям и членам группы <tt
+class="GROUPNAME">operator</tt>. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению
+безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:01.mksnap_ffs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:01</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Исправлена ошибка в интерфейсе System V Shared Memory (а именно в системном вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shmat&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">shmat</span>(2)</span></a>). Эта
+ошибка приводила к расположению сегмента совместно используемой памяти в невыделенном
+участке памяти ядра. Это может привести к получению атакующим неавторизованного доступа к
+частям памяти ядра, с возможным раскрытием важной информации, обходу механизмов контроля
+доступа, или расширению привилегий. Более детальная информация может быть найдена в
+сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:02.sh mat.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:02</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в коде системного вызова <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail_attach&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail_attach</span>(2)</span></a>.
+Эта ошибка может позволить процессу с привилегиями суперпользователя внутри среды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> изменить
+свой корневой каталог на корневой каталог другой среды jail, и таким образом получить
+полный доступ на чтение и запись к файлам и каталогам внутри этого jail. Дополнительная
+информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:03.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:03</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Потенциальная DoS атака с низким трафиком на TCP стек FreeBSD была предотвращена путем
+ограничения количества TCP сегментов вне последовательности, которые могут одновременно
+обслуживаться. Более детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:04.tcp.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:04</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в SSL/TLS ChangeCipherSpec сообщении <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, которая могла привести к удалению нулевого указателя.
+Она позволяла удаленной атакующей стороне вызвать крах приложений, использующих <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, и привести к отказу в обслуживании (DoS). Более
+детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:05.openssl.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:05</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в коде обработки некоторых параметров сокета IPv6 в системном
+вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setsockopt&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setsockopt</span>(2)</span></a>.
+Она позволяла атакующему локально вызвать системную панику, а также могла позволять
+неавторизованный доступ к частям памяти ядра, что могло привести к раскрытию важной
+информации, обходу механизмов контроля доступа, или расширению привилегий. Более
+детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:06.ipv6.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:06</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены две ошибки в коде <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>. Они позволяли
+серверу перезаписывать произвольные файлы клиента, а клиенту читать произвольные файлы на
+сервере при удаленном доступе к CVS репозиториям. Более детальная информация может быть
+найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:07.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:07</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Внесено исправление в <b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b>, исправляющее проблему,
+вследствие которой не производилась адекватная проверка аутентификации между автономными
+realm. Более подробная информация находится в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:08.heimdal.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:08</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка в <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, позволявшая
+злонамеренному клиенту перезаписывать произвольные участки памяти сервера. За дальнейшей
+информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:10.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:10</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена потенциальная проблема с целостностью кэша в реализации системного
+вызова <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=msync&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">msync</span>(2)</span></a>,
+использующей операцию <var class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>. Однако, в качестве
+побочного эффекта исправления проблемы безопасности, флаг <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var> более не гарантирует выгрузку из памяти всех страниц.
+Пользователи, которым требуется старая семантика <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>, могут установить переменную sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_msync</var>, если их не беспокоит данная проблема безопасности. За
+дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:11.msync.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:11</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка в системном вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>, которая
+приводила к ошибке проверки попытки манипулирования таблицами маршрутизации из jail. За
+дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:12.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:12</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка обработки некоторых системных вызовов Linux,
+вследствие которой мог стать возможным доступ к областям памяти без соответствующей
+проверки. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:13.linux.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:13</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Множество программных ошибок в <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, могущих привести к
+раскрытию информации, DoS, или выполнению произвольного кода, были исправлены путем
+обновления до <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> 1.11.17. За дальнейшей информацией
+обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:14.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:14</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <var class="LITERAL">CONS_SCRSHOT</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a> была
+исправлена; она может привести к получению неавторизованного доступа к областям памяти
+ядра с возможным раскрытием критической информации, пропуску механизмов контроля доступа,
+или к получению повышенных привилегий. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению
+безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:15.syscons.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:15</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. Изменения в ядре</a></h3>
+
+<p><var class="LITERAL">ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var> были добавлены и включены по умолчанию.
+Это меняет поведение блокирующих мьютексов, которые переключаются, если поток, которому
+принадлежит мьютекс, выполняется другим процессором. Это поведение может быть изменено
+путем установки параметра ядра <var class="VARNAME">NO_ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен параметр ядра <var class="VARNAME">ADAPTIVE_GIANT</var>, который включает
+адаптивность Giant блокировки при включении адаптивности мьютексов. Это повышает
+производительность SMP систем и включено по умолчанию на i386.</p>
+
+<p>Интерфейс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>
+теперь прозрачно поддерживает выравнивание и установление границ в теге DMA при загрузке
+буферов, и <code class="FUNCTION">bus_dmamap_load()</code> будет автоматически
+использовать сброс буферов когда это необходимо. Кроме того, был добавлен набор
+переменных sysctl <var class="VARNAME">hw.busdma.*</var> для статистики <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>
+была переписана с новым алгоритмом, который серьезно повышает надежность при высокой
+нагрузке. Старый алгоритм может быть использован путем установки sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_contigmalloc</var>. Дополнительная информация может быть получена
+со страницы справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Правила path <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> теперь
+корректно работают с каталогами.</p>
+
+<p>API <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getvfsent&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getvfsent</span>(3)</span></a> был
+удален.</p>
+
+<p>Переменная загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.allow_unsupported_io_range</var>
+была удалена.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает использование raw сокетов изнутри jail. Эта возможность отключена по
+умолчанию и контролируется переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.allow_raw_sockets</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новый фильтр <var class="LITERAL">EVFILT_FS</var>, который используется для
+отправки сигналов файловой системы в пространство пользователя. На данный момент
+сигнализируются события mount, unmount и up/down статус NFS.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая инфраструктура отладки, KDB. Она состоит из новой подсистемы GDB,
+которая была переписана для поддержки потоков, run-length encoding compression, и так
+далее, и внешний интерфейс, в инфраструктуре которого могут быть настроены несколько
+различных подсистем отладки, и предоставлены основные сервисы для этих подсистем. Были
+изменены следующие параметры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>KDB включен по умолчанию через параметры ядра <var class="LITERAL">options KDB</var>,
+<var class="LITERAL">options GDB</var>, и <var class="LITERAL">options DDB</var>. <var
+class="LITERAL">DDB</var> и <var class="LITERAL">GDB</var> указывают, какие подсистемы
+KDB включать.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">WITNESS_DDB</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">WITNESS_KDB</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_TRACE</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_TRACE</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_UNATTENDED</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_UNATTENDED</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_DDBKEY</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_KDBKEY</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_NOKLDSYM</var> был удален. Новая подсистема DDB поддерживает
+pre-linker symbol lookups, так же как и KLD symbol lookups одновременно.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">GDB_REMOTE_CHAT</var> был удален. Это изменение GDB протокола
+специфично для FreeBSD. Вместе с тем в протоколе GDB есть пакеты для вывода на
+консоль.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>KDB дает также единственный способ взаимодействия для любого и всего кода, которому
+необходимо использование функций отладки, таких как вход в отладчик или обработка
+альтернативной последовательности прерывания. Для этих целей внешний интерфейс был сделан
+не опциональным. Все отладочные запросы перенаправляются или обрабатываются текущей
+подсистемой. Выбор текущей подсистемы выполняется переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.current</var>. Список установленных переменных находится в <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.available</var>. В отладчик можно перейти, записав в sysctl
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.enter</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.stop_cpus</var>.
+Она контролирует, будут или нет IPI (Inter Processor Interrupts) для других CPU переданы
+при входе в отладчик, чтобы остановить их в отладчике.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра, <var class="LITERAL">MAC_STATIC</var>, который
+отключает внутреннюю синхронизацию MAC Framework, защищая от динамической загрузки и
+выгрузки политик MAC.</p>
+
+<p>Политика <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> теперь поддерживает
+определение и применение только первого правила из всех соответствующих правил. Эта
+возможность может быть включена установкой новой переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_firstmatch_enabled</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Политика <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> теперь может протоколировать
+неудачные попытки записи в syslog <var class="LITERAL">AUTHPRIV</var>. Эта возможность
+может быть включена установкой новой переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_logging</var>.</p>
+
+<p>mballoc был замещен на mbuma, Mbuf и Cluster аллокаторы основаны на множестве
+расширений инфраструктуры UMA. В связи с этим изменением, параметр ядра <var
+class="LITERAL">NMBCLUSTERS</var> более не используется. Максимальное количество
+кластеров по прежнему устанавливается в соответствии с <var
+class="LITERAL">maxusers</var>, но может быть сделано неограниченным путем установки
+переменной загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">kern.ipc.nmbclusters</var> в нуль.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/mem</tt>, и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/io</tt> теперь также поставляются в виде загружаемых модулей
+ядра.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a>,
+вследствие которой страницы, помеченные как <var class="LITERAL">PROT_NONE</var>, могли
+стать читаемыми при определенных условиях, была исправлена. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Новая переменная загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> была добавлена
+и включена по умолчанию. Она отключает блокировку Giant при работе сетевого стека
+FreeBSD, что приводит к повышению производительности за счет улучшения параллельности и
+уменьшения задержек при сетевых вычислениях. Обратите внимание, что включение узла
+Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tty&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tty</span>(4)</span></a>, KAME
+IPsec, и подсистемы IPX/SPX приводит к включению сетевых операций с Giant, или к
+появлению предупреждения при динамической загрузке этих компонентов, поскольку для
+корректной работы им требуется блокировка Giant.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра, <var class="VARNAME">NET_WITH_GIANT</var>. Он
+восстанавливает значение debug.mpsafenet по умолчанию (<var class="LITERAL">0</var>), и
+предназначен для использования на системах, собранных с небезопасными компонентами, или
+там, где желательна более консервативная конфигурация.</p>
+
+<p>В дерево dev sysctl был добавлен уровень devclass для поддержки переменных по классам
+устройств, в дополнение к переменным по устройствам. Это означает, что <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo0.bar</var> теперь называются <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.0.bar</var>, и возможно также наличие <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.bar</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая переменная sysctl, <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.always_console_output</var>. Она направляет вывод ядра на консоль
+независимо от <var class="VARNAME">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">kern.sched.name</var>, в которой
+находится имя используемого планировщика, и переменная <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.quantum</var> была перемещена в <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.sched.quantum</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Обновлено управление ресурсами и энергопотреблением шины <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Хотя управление состоянием энергопотребления в шине <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a> было
+включено по умолчанию, это может привести к проблемам на некоторых системах. Оно может
+быть отключено путем установки переменной <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.do_powerstate</var>
+в <var class="LITERAL">0</var>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Планировщик ULE был добавлен в качестве дополнительного планировщика. Обратите
+внимание, что в качестве планировщика по умолчанию в ядре <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> все еще используется традиционный 4BSD. Для большинства
+пользователей интерактивность возросла во многих случаях. Это означает меньшее количество
+``пропусков'' и ``рывков'' в интерактивных приложениях, когда компьютер сильно загружен.
+Это не предотвращает проблем с перегруженными дисковыми подсистемам, но может помочь при
+перегруженных CPU. На компьютерах с SMP, ULE реализует очереди для каждого CPU, позволяя
+использовать CPU affinity, CPU binding, и расширенную поддержку HyperThreading, а также
+предоставляет основу для дальнейших оптимизаций в будущем. При продолжении разработки
+fine-grained kernel locking, планировщик сможет более эффективно использовать доступные
+параллельные ресурсы.</p>
+
+<p>Линейный алгоритм поиска, использовавшийся в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a>, был замещен на алгоритм
+O(log n), строящий карту в виде дерева. Он значительно снижает нагрузку в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a> для приложений, которые
+используют <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a> во
+многих сотнях или тысячах вхождений.</p>
+
+<p>Переменные загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">debug.witness_*</var> были переименованы в
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.witness.*</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Динамический и статический линковщик FreeBSD теперь поддерживает Thread Local Storage
+(TLS), возможность <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> определять модификатор <var
+class="LITERAL">__thread</var> к определению глобальных и статических переменных. Этот
+дополнительный модификатор означает, что значение переменной локально по отношению к
+потоку; один поток, изменяющий это значение, не повлияет на значение переменной в любом
+другом потоке.</p>
+
+<p>Был обновлен код ядра, выделяющий файловые дескрипторы, и теперь он заимствован из
+кода OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. Изменения в загрузчике</a></h4>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. Поддержка оборудования</a></h4>
+
+<p>Добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_video&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_video</span>(4)</span></a>
+для обеспечения управления переключением экранов и фоновой яркостью с использованием
+видео расширений ACPI.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nmdm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nmdm</span>(4)</span></a> был
+переписан для увеличения надежности.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">raid(4)</tt> (диск RAIDframe из NetBSD) был удален. В
+настоящее время он не функционален, и потребует дополнительного объема работы, чтобы
+стать работоспособным под существующим <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> API в
+5-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p>Запись для драйвера <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcic</span>(4)</span></a> была
+исключена из файла конфигурации ядра <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt>, поскольку драйвер
+более не поддерживается. Эта запись была закомментирована в течение длительного
+времени.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер устройства <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> для
+поддержки управляемых с консоли последовательных адаптеров BWCT.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucycom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ucycom</span>(4)</span></a> для
+поддержки семейства мостов USB к RS232 Cypress CY7C637xx и CY7C640/1xx, один из которых
+используется в DeLorme Earthmate USB GPS приемнике (который и является единственным
+поддерживаемым этим драйвером устройством на данный момент). Этот драйвер не полон,
+поскольку в нем еще нет поддержки вывода и контроля потока.</p>
+
+<p>Инфраструктура драйверов устройств (как и многие драйверы) была обновлена. Среди
+прочих изменений: еще больше драйверов теперь используют автоматически выделяемые главные
+(major) номера (вместо старых статических главных номеров). Расширены функции по
+поддержке клонирования псевдо-устройств. Несколько изменений в API драйверов, включая
+новое поле <var class="VARNAME">d_version</var> в <var class="VARNAME">struct
+cdevsw</var>. Обратите внимание, что сторонние драйвера устройств потребуют
+перекомпиляции после этого изменения.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. Поддержка мультимедиа</a></h5>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">meteor</tt> (видеозахват) был удален вследствие
+неработоспособности и отсутствия поддержки.</p>
+
+<p>Код Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) был обновлен из дерева CVS DRI Project от 26 мая
+2004 года. Это обновление включает новые PCI ID и новый пакет для Radeon.</p>
+
+<p>Драйверы для различных звуковых карт были реорганизованы; <var class="LITERAL">device
+sound</var> это общий звуковой драйвер, а <var class="LITERAL">device snd_*</var> это
+звуковые драйвера устройств. Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">midi</tt>, поддерживающий
+последовательный порт и несколько звуковых карт, был удален. Дополнительные подробности
+находятся на соответствующих страницах справочной системы: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_als4000&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_als4000</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>, и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a> (бывший
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>) был
+модифицирован для чтения <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> при запуске, чтобы
+восстанавливать значения каналов mixer по умолчанию. Обратите внимание, что в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> все еще используется имя драйвера <var
+class="LITERAL">pcm</var>. Дополнительную информацию и примеры можно найти на странице
+справочной системы <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. Поддержка сетевых
+интерфейсов</a></h5>
+
+<p>Было исправлено кратковременно отключение в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> во время
+перенастройки параметров. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwip&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwip</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий IP через FireWire. Обратите внимание, что на данный момент номер
+широковещательного канала жестко установлен и MCAP для широковещательного выделения
+каналов не поддерживается. Этот драйвер предназначен для соответствия стандартам RFC 2734
+и RFC 3146 IP через FireWire и со временем заменит драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+использует дерево устройств sysctl, например <var class="VARNAME">dev.fxp0</var>, и эти
+переменные sysctl могут быть установлены для каждого устройства.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+предоставляет реальный контроль над возможностью получения расширенных фреймов Ethernet,
+отображаемый как <var class="LITERAL">VLAN_MTU</var>. Она может переключаться из
+пространства пользователя параметрами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> и <var class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает длинные фреймы, и может использоваться для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vlan</span>(4)</span></a> с полным
+размером Ethernet MTU.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает TCP/UDP Transmit/Receive разгрузку контрольной суммы (checksum offload) на
+прием/передачу. Поскольку <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> не
+компенсирует контрольную сумму для UDP дейтаграммы, которая может принимать значение <var
+class="LITERAL">0x0</var>, UDP разгрузка контрольной суммы на передачу выключена по
+умолчанию. Она может быть включена путем установки параметра соединения <var
+class="OPTION">link0</var> через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий карты Intel PRO/10GBE 10 Gigabit Ethernet. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, которая
+делала невозможной работу VLAN. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены несколько ошибок, относящиеся к поддержке <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a> в
+драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены несколько ошибок, относящихся к обработке multicast и promiscuous
+режимов в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a>. Он
+предоставляет поддержку USB Ethernet адаптеров, основанных на Davicom DM9601 чипсете.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий чип VIA Networking Technologies VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet и интегрированный
+10/100/1000 copper PHY.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка аппаратной TX контрольной суммы в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> была отключена,
+поскольку она не работала корректно и уменьшала скорость передачи данных. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка интерфейсами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+теперь может быть включена поинтерфейсно. Следующие сетевые драйверы поддерживают <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a>. Эта
+возможность может управляться через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> (за
+исключением <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>).
+[MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. Сетевые протоколы</a></h4>
+
+<p>Драйвер туннеля <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает WCCP версии 2.</p>
+
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">versrcreach</var>, для проверки наличия в
+таблице маршрутизатора действующего маршрута к адресу источника пакета. Этот параметр
+очень полезен для маршрутизаторов с полной информацией об основных маршрутах интернет в
+таблице маршрутизации (BGP) для отбрасывания пакетов с подделанными или
+немарштутизируемыми адресами источников. Например,</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not versrcreach
+</pre>
+
+это эквивалент следующей команды в синтаксисе Cisco IOS: 
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ip verify unicast source reachable-via any
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">antispoof</var>, для проверки адреса источника
+входящих пакетов на принадлежность к непосредственно подключенной сети. Если сеть
+подключена непосредственно, входящий пакет проверяется на соответствие интерфейсу, с
+которого он пришел. Когда входящий интерфейс и подключенный непосредственно интерфейс не
+совпадают, пакет не соответствует правилу. Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not antispoof in
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">jail</var>, для ассоциации со специфическим
+ID. Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+count ip from any to any jail 2
+</pre>
+
+Имейте ввиду, что это правило на данный момент применяется только к TCP и UDP пакетам.
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает таблицы адресов (lookup tables), полезные при обработке больших наборов
+разных адресов. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Правило <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">forward</var> было встроено в ядро параметром <var
+class="LITERAL">IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Новая переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.process_options</var> для
+контроля обработки параметров IP. При установке этой переменной в <var
+class="LITERAL">0</var> параметры IP игнорируются и передаются не измененными, при
+установке в <var class="LITERAL">1</var> все параметры IP обрабатываются (поведение по
+умолчанию), а при установке в <var class="LITERAL">2</var> все пакеты с параметрами IP
+отбрасываются с сообщением ICMP filter prohibited.</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены некоторые ошибки в реализации IPsec от KAME Project. Эти ошибки были
+связаны с освобождением объектов памяти перед тем, как все ссылки на эти объекты были
+удалены, они могли стать причиной странного поведения или паники ядра после очистки
+Security Policy Database (SPD).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает несколько экземпляров через новый параметр <var
+class="OPTION">globalports</var>. Он позволяет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> привязку
+к различным сетевым интерфейсам и распределение нагрузки.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_atmllc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_atmllc</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который работает с RFC 1483 ATM LLC инкапсуляцией.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_hub&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_hub</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который поддерживает простую рассылку пакетов и работает как концентратор Ethernet.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_rfc1490&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_rfc1490</span>(4)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает инкапсуляцию в стиле Cisco, которая часто используется вместе с RFC
+1490 в соединениях frame relay.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_sppp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+являющийся интерфейсом <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netgraph&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netgraph</span>(4)</span></a> к
+оригинальному сетевому модулю <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> для
+синхронных линий.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый метод Netgraph, позволяющий восстановление поведения, потерянного
+при изменении стиля узлов Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tee&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tee</span>(4)</span></a> с
+4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_vlan</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который поддерживает IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка <var class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var> теперь постоянно встроена в ядро, и
+соответствующие параметры ядра были удалены. Все подсистемы фильтрации пакетов,
+поддерживаемые FreeBSD, теперь используют инфраструктуру <var
+class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>В сокет маршрутизации была добавлена поддержка уведомления об изменении состояния
+носителя Ethernet.</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> была
+переписана заново. LQM, описанный в RFC 1989, позволяет PPP сохранять информацию о
+качестве работающего соединения. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Клонирование псевдо-интерфейсов было обновлено, чтобы сделать возможным создание
+интерфейсов <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> с именами
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, или <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">6to4</tt>. Обратите внимание, что это нарушает обратную совместимость;
+например, теперь <tt class="COMMAND">ifconfig stf</tt> создаст интерфейс <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, а не <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, и не выведет <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt> на стандартный вывод.</p>
+
+<p>Следующие возможности TCP теперь включены по умолчанию: RFC 3042 (Limited Retransmit),
+RFC 3390 (increased initial congestion window sizes), TCP bandwidth-delay product
+limiting. Для этих возможностей доступен набор переменных sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3042</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3390</var>, и <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</var>. Дополнительная информация может быть
+найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD реализация TCP теперь включает поддержку минимального MSS (устанавливается
+через переменную sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmss</var>) и ограничение
+потока данных через соединения, передающие множество мелких TCP сегментов в короткий
+период времени (через переменную sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmssoverload</var>). Соединения, превысившие этот предел,
+могут быть сброшены. Эта возможность предоставляет защиту от целого класса исчерпывающих
+ресурсы атак.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация TCP теперь включает частичную поддержку RFC 2385 (TCP-MD5) digest (только
+на вывод). Эта возможность, включаемая параметрами ядра <var
+class="LITERAL">TCP_SIGNATURE</var> и <var class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</var>, является
+расширением TCP для аутентификации TCP сессий. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setkey&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setkey</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+включает поддержку TCP-MD5 класса ассоциаций безопасности. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Обработка reset в TCP соединении была улучшена, чтобы усложнить reset атаки настолько,
+насколько это возможно, при сохранении совместимости с широчайшим диапазоном TCP
+стеков.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация RFC 1948 была улучшена. Компонент временного смещения в Initial Sequence
+Number (ISN) теперь включает случайное положительное число, так что ISN всегда
+увеличивается, независимо от скорости повторного использования порта.</p>
+
+<p>Было реализовано произвольное ``эфемерное'' выделение порта (random ephemeral port
+allocation), пришедшее из OpenBSD. Оно включено по умолчанию и может быть отключено через
+переменную sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен TCP Selective Acknowledgements (SACK), как описано в RFC 2018. Это
+увеличивает производительность TCP через соединения с большими потерями пакетов. SACK
+может быть включен переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.sack.enable</var>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. Диски и хранение</a></h4>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает контроллеры <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cardbus&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cardbus</span>(4)</span></a>
+ATA/SATA.</p>
+
+<p>Было исправлено множество ошибок в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>. Наиболее
+заметные из них относятся к улучшению детектирования master/slave устройств и к проблемам
+с задержками.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает Promise command sequencer, имеющийся на всех современных контроллерах
+Promise (PDC203** PDC206**).</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Добавлена также предварительная поддержка для Promise SX4/SX4000 в
+качестве ``обычного'' Promise ATA контроллера; ATA RAID поддерживается, но только с
+уровнями RAID0, RAID1 и RAID0+1.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">DA_OLD_QUIRKS</var>, предназначенный для драйвера
+диска CAM SCSI (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cam</span>(4)</span></a>) был
+удален. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>, которая
+могла приводить к прерыванию ввода/вывода в некоторых редких случаях.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_CONCAT</var> для соединения нескольких дисков в один.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_NOP</var> для различного тестирования.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_RAID3</var> для преобразования RAID3 и утилита пользователя <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=graid3&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">graid3</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_STRIPE</var>, который реализует преобразование RAID0. В этом классе
+есть два режима: ``fast'' и ``economic''. В режиме fast, когда используются очень
+небольшой размер страйпа, только один запрос ввода вывода отправляется к каждому диску в
+страйпе; это приблизительно в 10 раз быстрее для страйпов малого размера, чем режим
+economic и другие реализации RAID0. Хотя режим fast используется по умолчанию, он
+потребляет несколько больше памяти. Путем установки переменной загрузчика <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.fast</var> в 0 может быть включен режим economic, в
+котором запросы отправляются каждый раз. Возможно также указание максимального количества
+памяти, потребляемого в режиме fast, через переменную загрузчика <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.maxmem</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен GEOM Gate, который состоит из нового класса <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GATE</var> и нескольких утилит пользователя GEOM Gate (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatec</span>(8)</span></a>, and
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggated&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggated</span>(8)</span></a>). Он
+поддерживает экспорт устройств, включающих не приспособленные к <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> через
+сеть.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_LABEL</var> для обнаружения меток томов на различных файловых
+системах, таких как UFS, MSDOSFS (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32), и ISO9660.</p>
+
+<p>Новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GPT</var>, поддерживающий разделы GUID Partition Table (GPT) и
+возможность создания большого количества разделов на одном диске, был добавлен в <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> по умолчанию.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_MIRROR</var>, поддерживающий функциональность RAID1. Для контроля
+этого класса может использоваться утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gmirror&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gmirror</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_UZIP</var>, реализующий сжатые диски только для чтения. На данный
+момент он поддерживает формат сжатия дисков cloop V2.0.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_VINUM</var> для поддержки взаимодействия между <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает современные контроллеры Adaptec ServeRAID series SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает отсутствовавшие команды ATAPI MMC и правильно обрабатывает задержки.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Менеджер томов <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> был
+обновлен для использования <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>,
+инфраструктуры трансформирования дисковых запросов ввода-вывода 5.x. Была добавлена
+утилита пользователя <tt class="COMMAND">gvinum</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена поддержка LSI-type программного RAID.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. Файловые системы</a></h4>
+
+<p>Код файловой системы EXT2FS теперь включает частичную поддержку больших файлов (&gt;
+4GB). Частичность поддержки заключается в том, невозможно создать большие файлы на
+файловых системах, которые не были обновлены до <var class="LITERAL">EXT2_DYN_REV</var>
+или на тех, где в суперблоке не установлен флаг <var
+class="LITERAL">EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена паника в NFSv4 клиенте; она случалась при попытке работы с
+поддерживающим только NFSv3/NFSv2 сервером.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">MSDOSFS_LARGE</var> для поддержки
+файловых систем больших, чем 128GB. Этот параметр выключен по умолчанию. Имейте ввиду,
+что он использует как минимум 32 байта памяти ядра для каждого файла на диске; его
+использование безопасно только в четко контролируемых ситуациях, таких как монтирование
+файловой системы с менее чем 1 миллионом файлов только для чтения, и так далее. Экспорт
+этих больших файловых систем по NFS не поддерживается.</p>
+
+<p>Клиент SMBFS теперь поддерживает подпись SMB запроса, которая предотвращает атаки
+``man in the middle'' и необходима для подключения к серверам Windows 2003 в настройке по
+умолчанию. Поскольку подпись каждого сообщения понижает производительность, эта
+возможность включается только если сервер ее требует; со временем она может стать
+параметром <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_smbfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_smbfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN925" name="AEN925">2.2.6. Стороннее программное
+обеспечение</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ALTQ framework</b> была импортирована из снэпшота KAME от 7
+июня 2004 года. Этот импорт нарушает совместимость ABI в <var class="VARNAME">struct
+ifnet</var> и требует перекомпиляции всех сетевых драйверов. Кроме того, некоторые
+сетевые драйверы были изменены для поддержки инфраструктуры ALTQ. Обновлены драйверы <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tun&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tun</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> был обновлен с версии 3.4.31 до версии 3.4.35
+[MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>Был импортирован ia64 stack unwinder, <b class="APPLICATION">Unwind Express
+(libuwx)</b> от Hewlett-Packard для использования в ядре.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. Изменения в программах
+пользователя</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpidump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpidump</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает таблицы SSDT. Дамп или дизассемблирование DSDT теперь также включает
+содержимое этих таблиц, если они присутствуют.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-f</var> для работы с файлами вместо
+разделов диска.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdtar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdtar</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+используется в качестве утилиты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> в базовой
+системе FreeBSD по умолчанию. <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/tar</tt> был сделан
+символической ссылкой, указывающей по умолчанию на <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/bsdtar</tt>. Для возврата к <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/gtar</tt> по умолчанию, может быть использована переменная
+сборки <var class="VARNAME">WITH_GTAR</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены команды <tt class="COMMAND">bthidcontrol</tt> и <tt
+class="COMMAND">bthidd</tt>, поддерживающие Bluetooth HID (Human Interface Device).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=col&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">col</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colcrt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colcrt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colrm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colrm</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=column&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">column</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fmt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=join&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">join</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rev&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rev</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ul&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ul</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают многобайтовые символы.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает команды <var class="LITERAL">set</var> и <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var>, которые устанавливают/удаляют виртуальную консоль. <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var> направляет вывод из системы, например <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(9)</span></a> из
+ядра, на реальную основную консоль. Это интерфейс к tty ioctl <var
+class="LITERAL">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Даемон <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+принимает два параметра, <var class="OPTION">-j</var> и <var class="OPTION">-J</var>,
+включающие рассинхронизацию заданий, запускаемых непривилегированными пользователями и
+суперпользователем соответственно. Рассинхронизация означает, что перед выполнением
+задания <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a>
+останавливается на небольшой произвольный период времени в заданном пределе. Эта
+возможность предназначена для уменьшения пиков нагрузки, появляющихся при выполнении
+большого количества задач, запланированных на определенный момент времени. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Параметры <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cut&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cut</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-c</var>, <var class="OPTION">-d</var>, и <var class="OPTION">-f</var>
+теперь корректно работают в локалях с многобайтными символами.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает ключевое слово <var class="OPTION">iso8601</var> для отображения дат в
+формате ISO 8601.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-p</var> для создания PID файла.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">fillchar</var> для указания альтернативного
+символа заполнения в режиме конверсии, или при использовании <var
+class="OPTION">noerror</var> с <var class="OPTION">sync</var> при возникновении ошибки
+ввода.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-c</var> для отображения полной статистики
+файловых систем.</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a>, которая могла
+приводить к выводу некорректной информации при указании параметра <var
+class="OPTION">-t</var> и недоступности точки монтирования для вызывающего
+пользователя.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <tt class="COMMAND">doscmd</tt> была удалена из базовой системы FreeBSD и
+доступна через порт <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> из коллекции портов FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживают параметр <var class="OPTION">-P</var> для указания других методов
+резервного копирования (не в файлы или на ленты). Аргумент передается <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> с определенной
+переменной окружения <var class="VARNAME">$DUMP_VOLUME</var> или <var
+class="VARNAME">$RESTORE_VOLUME</var> соответственно. Дополнительная информация находится
+на страницах справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eeprom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">eeprom</span>(8)</span></a> для
+отображения и изменения настроек системы, сохраненных в EEPROM или NVRAM. Существующая
+реализация поддерживает системы, поставляемые с Open Firmware.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetwln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetwln</span>(3)</span></a>,
+версия <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetln</span>(3)</span></a> для
+расширенных символов.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-acl</var> в основном для поиска файлов с <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acl</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новый основной параметр <var class="OPTION">-depth <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">n</var></var>, который проверяет, соответствует ли глубина вложения
+данного файла относительно начальной точки поиска <var class="REPLACEABLE">n</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+при открытии сокета для передачи данных в активном режиме использует эффективный UID
+текущего пользователя, а не <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>. Это полезно для сопоставления
+анонимного FTP трафика правилу <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> с
+параметром <var class="LITERAL">uid</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы функции <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftw</span>(3)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nftw</span>(3)</span></a>. Они
+используются для прохода по иерархии каталогов.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(8)</span></a> для
+оперирования классами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> из
+пространства пользователя.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a>, утилита
+для работы с GUID таблицей разделов, теперь поддерживает команду <var
+class="OPTION">remove</var>. Ее команда <var class="OPTION">add</var> теперь поддерживает
+параметр <var class="OPTION">-i</var>, который позволяет пользователю определять номер
+для нового раздела.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">id</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-M</var> для вывода метки MAC текущего
+процесса.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает переименование сетевых интерфейсов на лету, используя параметр <var
+class="OPTION">name</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь выводит <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+статус интерфейса. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь предоставляет параметры <var class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> и <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>, контролирующие возможность получения расширенных фреймов
+некоторыми Ethernet интерфейсами (т.е. фреймов, содержащих более чем 1500 байт
+данных).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь предоставляет параметры <var class="OPTION">vlanhwtag</var> и <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanhwtag</var>, контролирующие возможность обработки тегов VLAN
+некоторыми Ethernet интерфейсами на аппаратном уровне.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-ldi</var> для управления выравниванием
+локальных переменных. В этой утилите было сделано несколько других изменений.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> now
+supports <var class="OPTION">-fbs</var> and <var class="OPTION">-ut</var> for function
+declarations with the opening brace on the same line as the declaration of arguments all
+spaces and no tabs in order to fix problem when non-8 space tabs are used.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-n</var> для запрета внесения любых изменений в
+правила ядра</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipcs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipcs</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-u</var> для отображения информации о IPC
+механизмах, принадлежащих определенному пользователю.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-b</var> для вывода только действия и
+комментария каждого правила, исключая тело правила.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-U</var> для запуска команды под пользователем,
+который существует только внутри среды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-l</var> для очистки окружения. Все переменные
+окружения очищаются, за исключением <var class="VARNAME">HOME</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">SHELL</var>, <var class="VARNAME">PATH</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">TERM</var>, и <var class="VARNAME">USER</var> перед запуском программы в
+jail под определенным пользователем. Это поведение подобно поведению <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> с параметром
+<var class="OPTION">-l</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита отладки ядра <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kgdb</span>(1)</span></a>, которая
+использует <b class="APPLICATION">libgdb</b> и работает с потоками ядра, модулями ядра и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kvm&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kvm</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-e</var>, с которым <var
+class="OPTION">-u</var> указывает на эффективный, а не реальный ID пользователя.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>В <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libalias&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libalias</span>(3)</span></a>
+теперь есть поддержка (и новый API) для нескольких синонимов в одном процессе.
+Существующий API был переписан в терминах нового для сохранения совместимости.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена библиотека <b class="APPLICATION">libarchive</b> для работы со сжатыми
+и несжатыми архивными файлами. Дополнительная информация может быть найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libdisk</b> теперь использует <var
+class="VARNAME">d_addr_t</var> для адресов дисков. Это позволяет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+правильно работать с дисками и файловыми системами размером более 1 TB.</p>
+
+<p>Библиотека, первоначально известная как <b class="APPLICATION">libkse</b>, была
+переименована в <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> и теперь это библиотека потоков по
+умолчанию для платформ i386, amd64 и ia64. Параметр <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> <var
+class="OPTION">-pthread</var> был изменен для использования <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> вместо <b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Пользователи со старыми бинарными файлами (например, из портов,
+скомпилированных до внесения этого изменения) должны использовать <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+для создания ссылок <b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b> и/или <b
+class="APPLICATION">libkse</b> на <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Пользователям поставляемых NVIDIA драйверов и библиотек может
+потребоваться использование <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+в котором есть ссылка <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> на старую библиотеку <b
+class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>, поскольку эти драйвера не работают с <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> теперь поддерживает переменную окружения <var
+class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE</var> для включения режима 1:1 (используя набор
+системных потоков). Обратите внимание, что сборка <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> с
+флагом <var class="OPTION">-DSYSTEM_SCOPE_ONLY</var> также включает режим 1:1, и что этот
+параметр установлен по умолчанию для архитектур, которые еще не поддерживают режим M:N.
+Кроме того, переменная окружения <var class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE</var>
+может использоваться для принудительного включения режима M:N (используя набор потоков
+процесса). Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>заставляет приложение <var class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var> использовать
+системный набор потоков, а</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>соответственно заставляет его использовать набор потоков процесса.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в параметре <var class="OPTION">-d</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> была
+исправлена. Кроме того, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+корректно работает с многобайтными локалями.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+обрабатывает имена файлов как мультибайтовые последовательности символов, в соответствии
+с текущей переменной <var class="VARNAME">LC_CTYPE</var>, когда определяется какие
+символы печатаемые.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новую директиву <var class="LITERAL">.warning</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает POSIX-совместимый флаг <var class="LITERAL">+</var> в командных строках <tt
+class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>, которая приводит к выполнению строки даже при указании
+параметра <var class="OPTION">-n</var>. Это полезно например при вызове вложенных
+make.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+помещает переменные из командной строки в переменную <var
+class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, как этого требует POSIX. Это приводит к передаче
+переменных через все вложенные make, вызываемые через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> (кроме
+переменной <var class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, которая эксклюзивно изменяется в
+окружении вложенного make). Помимо прочего, это делает переменные не переписываемыми во
+вложенных make, кроме как из командной строки.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы функции C99 <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyint</span>(3)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyintf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyintf</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был реализован заголовок C99 <tt class="FILENAME">tgmath.h</tt>. Он предоставляет
+макрос для функций <tt class="FILENAME">math.h</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">complex.h</tt>, которые реализованы для float, double и long double.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы расширения GNU для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mbsnrtowcs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mbsnrtowcs</span>(3)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wcsnrtombs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">wcsnrtombs</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь позволяет пользователям устанавливать параметр отладки через файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь использует новый порядок при обработке ротации файлов. Сначала ротируются все
+файлы, которые необходимо ротировать, затем посылается одиночный сигнал каждому процессу,
+которому необходимо послать сигнал, и наконец все файлы, которые были ротированы,
+сжимаются.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nextwctype&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nextwctype</span>(3)</span></a>
+для перебора всех символов из определенного класса.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена первичная поддержка для UTF-8 версий всех поддерживаемых в настоящее
+время системных локалей. Это сделано в основном для порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/utf8locale/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/utf8locale</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Добавлена локаль Israel Hebrew <var class="LITERAL">he_IL.UTF-8</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logins&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">logins</span>(1)</span></a> для
+отображения информации о пользовательских и системных учетных записях.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mountd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-p</var>, позволяющий пользователям указывать
+известный порт для указания его в правилах брандмауэра.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь отображает членство в широковещательных группах, имеющихся в системе.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают флаг <var class="OPTION">-l</var> для установки MAC multilabel флага на
+новых системах без использования <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь сообщает о попытках входа через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Программа <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a> была
+перемещена из <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nologin</tt>. <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> стал
+символической ссылкой для обратной совместимости.</p>
+
+<p>В поддержку NSS было внесено исправление, которое решает проблемы с использованием
+сторонних NSS модулей (таких как <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/nss_ldap/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/nss_ldap</tt></a>) и групп с длинным списком членов.</p>
+
+<p>В <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">od</span>(1)</span></a> теперь есть
+поддержка многобайтных символов в стиле POSIX.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patch</span>(1)</span></a> была
+замещена BSD-лицензированной версией из OpenBSD. Она включает параметр <var
+class="OPTION">--posix</var> для строгого соответствия POSIX.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены команды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pgrep</span>(1)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkill&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkill</span>(1)</span></a>,
+пришедшие их NetBSD. Они также поддерживают параметр <var class="OPTION">-M</var> для
+извлечения значений, связанных со списком имен из указанного дампа (core) вместо <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt> по умолчанию, и параметр <var class="OPTION">-N</var> для
+извлечения списка имен из указанной системы вместо ядра (kernel) по умолчанию.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает команду ``set rad_alive <var class="REPLACEABLE">N</var>'' для
+периодического отправления учетной информации RADIUS на сервер RADIUS. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает команду ``set pppoe [standard|3Com]'' для настройки режима взаимодействия с
+низлежащим узлом Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_pppoe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_pppoe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Была улучшена совместимость <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> с POSIX/SUSv3.
+Эти изменения включают параметры <var class="OPTION">-p</var> для списка ID процессов,
+<var class="OPTION">-t</var> для списка имен терминалов, <var class="OPTION">-A</var>,
+которая эквивалентна <var class="OPTION">-ax</var>, <var class="OPTION">-G</var> для
+списка ID групп, <var class="OPTION">-X</var>, которая противоположна <var
+class="OPTION">-x</var>, и некоторые мелкие улучшения. За дальнейшей информацией
+обращайтесь к <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр форматирования <var class="OPTION">-O emul</var>, при котором
+печатается имя эмулируемых системных переменных окружения, в которых находится
+процесс.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-H</var>, который принимает указатель на файл с
+зашифрованным паролем. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a>,
+которая не позволяла ему правильно работать на интерфейсах более чем с одним IP адресом.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=regex&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">regex</span>(3)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает регулярные выражения, учитывая многобайтные символы.</p>
+
+<p>Файлы настройки, используемые <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a>,
+теперь поддерживают ключевые слова <var class="LITERAL">timeout:</var> и <var
+class="LITERAL">attempts:</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a> и
+ассоциированные интерфейсы теперь гораздо лучше подходят для повторного использования и
+работы с потоками. Множественные запросы к DNS теперь могут происходить одновременно, что
+приводит к значительному улучшению производительности некоторых многопоточных приложений.
+Некоторые многопоточные приложения необходимо перекомпилировать; примеры из коллекции
+портов: <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/www/mozilla/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">www/mozilla</tt></a> и варианты, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/evolution/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">mail/evolution</tt></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs</tt></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs2</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmdir&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmdir</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-v</var>, для вывода информации об удаляемых
+файлах.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь правильно работает для дамп файлов больше 2GB.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=script&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">script</span>(1)</span></a> была
+исправлена, и теперь он работает корректно если его стандартный ввод закрыт. Это
+исправление предотвращает потенциально опасное взаимодействие с пакетом <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>; если он запускался не интерактивно, то
+мог удалить все устаревшие порты без их переустановки.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен даемон <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sdpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sdpd</span>(8)</span></a>
+Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol.</p>
+
+<p>Команда <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">y</var> (транслирование) теперь поддерживает многобайтные символы.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены утилиты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sha1&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sha1</span>(1)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmd160&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmd160</span>(1)</span></a>.
+Подобно <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md5&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md5</span>(1)</span></a>, они
+вычисляют хэш вводимых данных. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена небольшая утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smbmsg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">smbmsg</span>(8)</span></a>, для
+отправки/получения SMBus сообщений.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+использует <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> в качестве компьютера по умолчанию в пакетах
+запроса <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talkd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talkd</span>(8)</span></a>, если
+назначение и источник локальны. Это делает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a>
+зависимым от правильно установленной записи для <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt> или в DNS.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает два новых параметра: параметр <var class="OPTION">-w</var>, позволяющий
+создание новых файлов, и параметр <var class="OPTION">-U</var>, позволяющий установку
+umask.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает отображение текущего количества I/O. Эта возможность может быть включена
+нажатием ``m'' или передачей параметра командной строки <var class="OPTION">-m
+io</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Многие утилиты пользователя в базовой системе (в основном предоставленные GNU утилиты)
+теперь используют системную версию <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getopt_long&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getopt_long</span>(3)</span></a>,
+вместо GNU версии.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. Скрипты <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p>Скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">diskless</tt> был разделен на <tt
+class="FILENAME">hostname</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolve</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">tmp</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">var</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">gbde_swap</tt>, поддерживающий gbde
+устройства подкачки. При указании переменной <var class="VARNAME">gbde_swap_enable</var>
+в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+устройство подкачки <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var class="REPLACEABLE">foo.bde</var></tt>
+из <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a>
+автоматически подключается во время загрузки с устройством <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">foo</var></tt> и случайным ключом, полученным как контрольная сумма
+MD5 от 512 байт, прочитанных из <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/random</tt>. Обратите внимание,
+что это делает невозможным восстановление дампов ядра.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены <var class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> и <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_verbose</var>. Когда <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> установлена в <var class="LITERAL">YES</var>,
+политика выбора адреса загружается в ядро. Если существует <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/ip6addrctl.conf</tt>, он будет использован, иначе будет
+задействована политика по умолчанию. Применяется политика по умолчанию, описанная в RFC
+3484, если <var class="VARNAME">ipv6_enable</var> установлена в <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var>. Иначе в качестве политики по умолчанию будет использована
+политика приоритетов для адресов IPv4.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">mixer</tt>. При завершении работы сохраняет
+текущие настройки всех аудио микшеров, присутствующих в системе, и восстанавливает их при
+загрузке.</p>
+
+<p>Скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">named</tt> был обновлен для поддержки <b
+class="APPLICATION">BIND 9</b> в базовой системе. Изменения включают:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> по
+умолчанию запускается в каталоге <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. Это поведение может быть отменено переменной <var
+class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> в файле <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var>,
+а каталог <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> может
+быть изменен переменной <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> в том же файле.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Когда переменная <var class="VARNAME">named_chroot_autoupdate</var> установлена в <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var> (это значение по умолчанию), каталог chroot автоматически
+настраивается во время загрузки. Символическая ссылка, которая указывает на <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/etc/namedb</tt>, создается как <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/namedb</tt>, а символическая ссылка, которая указывает в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/var/run/named/pid</tt>, создается как <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/named/pid</tt>. Последнее может быть отменено переменной <var
+class="VARNAME">named_symlink_enable</var> в файле <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">rndc.key</tt> создается автоматически, если еще не
+существует.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Были добавлены скрипты <tt class="FILENAME">pf</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">pflog</tt>
+для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. Стороннее программное
+обеспечение</a></h3>
+
+<p>Код <b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> был обновлен с с снэпшота 20030619 до снэпшота
+20040527.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">AMD (am-utils)</b> был обновлен с версии 6.0.9 до версии
+6.0.10p1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">awk</b> от Bell Labs был обновлен с релиза от 29 июня 2003 года
+до релиза 7 февраля 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> был обновлен с версии 8.3.1-REL до версии 9.3.0.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> были обновлены до снэпшота от 23 мая 2004 из ветви
+FSF 2.15.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> был обновлен с версии 1.11.15 до версии 1.11.17.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FILE</b> был обновлен с версии 3.41 до версии 4.10.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">gdtoa</b> (библиотека, выполняющая преобразования чисел между
+бинарным и десятичным форматами) была обновлена с версии 20030324 до версии 20040118.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GDB</b> был обновлен до версии 6.1.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU GCC</b> был обновлен с версии 3.3.3-prerelease от 6 ноября,
+2003 до 3.4.2-prerelease от 28 июля, 2004.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> был обновлен с версии 2.4d до версии 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">less</b> был обновлен с версии 371 до версии 381.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU readline</b> 4.3 была обновлена официальными патчами с 001
+до 005.</p>
+
+<p>Библиотека <b class="APPLICATION">GNU regex</b> была обновлена до версии, включенной в
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU sort</b> был обновлен с textutils 2.1 до снэпшота coreutils
+5.2.1 от 12 августа 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация <b class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b> в основной системе теперь называется <tt
+class="FILENAME">gtar</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> был обновлен с версии 0.6 до версии
+0.6.1.</p>
+
+<p>Клиент <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> был обновлен c версии 3.0.1 RC10 до версии
+3.0.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> была обновлена с версии 0.7.1 до версии 0.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b> был обновлен с снэпшота от 3 ноября 2003 года до
+снэпшота от 9 августа 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> был обновлен с версии 4.1.1a до версии 4.2.0.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> был обновлен с релиза Dogwood до релиза
+Eelgrass.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> был обновлен с версии 3.6.1p1 до версии
+3.8.1p1.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Настройка по умолчанию для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> была
+изменена. SSH протокол версии 1 теперь не включен по умолчанию. Кроме того,
+аутентификация по паролю через SSH выключена по умолчанию если включен PAM.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> был обновлен с версии 0.9.7c до версии 0.9.7d.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> VIA C3 Nehemiah PadLock ACE (Advanced
+Cryptography Engine) криптографии, которая предоставляет шифрование Advanced Encryption
+Standard (AES), была импортирована из пререлиза <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">pf</b>, пакетный фильтр OpenBSD из OpenBSD 3.5-stable, был
+импортирован в дерево исходных текстов FreeBSD, и теперь установлен по умолчанию.
+Добавлены также два новых пользователя (<tt class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> и <tt
+class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>) и три новых группы (<tt class="USERNAME">authpf</tt>, <tt
+class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> и <tt class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>), которые необходимы <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> При обновлении из исходных текстов, должны быть добавлены эти
+учетные записи. Для добавления этих записей в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> может
+быть использован <var class="LITERAL">mergemaster -p</var>. Для выключения сборки <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b> может быть использована переменная <var
+class="VARNAME">NO_PF</var> в <tt class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Были импортированы несколько утилит пользователя из OpenBSD <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp-proxy&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp-proxy</span>(8)</span></a> это
+ftp прокси для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pfctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pfctl</span>(8)</span></a> это
+эквивалент <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipf</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pflogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pflogd</span>(8)</span></a> это
+даемон для протоколирования пакетов через <var class="LITERAL">if_pflog</var> в формате
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcap&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcap</span>(3)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=authpf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">authpf</span>(8)</span></a>
+оболочка для изменения наборов правил <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">routed</b> был обновлен с релиза 2.22 до релиза 2.27 с
+rhyolite.com. Обратите внимание, что для тех, кто использовал возможность RIP MD5
+аутентификацию, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+несовместим с предыдущими версиями FreeBSD; однако, теперь он совместим с реализациями от
+Sun, Cisco и других поставщиков.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> был обновлен с версии 8.12.10 до версии 8.13.1.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> был обновлен с версии 3.7.1 до версии 3.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> был обновлен с версии 6.11 до 6.13.00.</p>
+
+<p>База данных временных зон была обновлена с <tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2003a</tt> до
+<tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2004a</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">zlib</b> был обновлен с версии 1.1.4 до версии 1.2.1.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. Инфраструктура коллекции
+портов/пакетов</a></h3>
+
+<p>Большинство скриптов запуска/останова, устанавливаемые различными портами, теперь
+используют новую инфраструктуру <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a>, представленную
+в FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, хотя некоторые порты все еще используют
+скрипты в старом стиле. При запуске сначала выполняются скрипты в новом стиле, а затем в
+старом. При останове все происходит в точности наоборот.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен и включен по умолчанию атрибут <var class="LITERAL">SIZE</var> для
+distfiles, который может быть использован для проверки размеров файлов перед загрузкой.
+<var class="VARNAME">DISABLE_SIZE</var> может быть использована для запрещения проверки
+размера. Это особенно полезно на старых версиях FreeBSD, где нет соответствующей
+поддержки в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>, и для
+некоторых FTP прокси, которые всегда выдают неверные размеры.</p>
+
+<p>Для отслеживания наиболее важных изменений в дерево портов были добавлены два файла:
+<tt class="FILENAME">ports/CHANGES</tt> содержит список основных изменений в коллекции
+портов и ее инфраструктуре. <tt class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt> описывает некоторые
+потенциально проблемные случаи, которые могут встретиться при обновлении определенных
+портов, по аналогии с <tt class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> в базовой системе.</p>
+
+<p>Код обработки версий в системных утилитах <tt class="FILENAME">pkg_*</tt> был
+переписан для восстановления совместимости с 4.x и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Инструментарий пакетов теперь может искать совпадения с помощью операторов отношения и
+выборов в стиле csh <var class="LITERAL">{...}</var>, например:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">pkg_info -I 'docbook&#62;=3.0'</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>отобразит (все) docbook DTD с версией как минимум 3.0. Дополнительные параметры
+командной строки также были добавлены для поддержки шаблонов.</p>
+
+<p>Была улучшена обработка сбойных баз данных пакетов.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-S</var> для добавления префикса ко всем
+<var class="LITERAL">@cwd</var> во время создания пакета.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-j</var> для отображения скрипта
+зависимостей каждого пакета.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. Подготовка релизов и
+интеграция</a></h3>
+
+<p>Поддержка криптографии в FreeBSD более не опциональный компонент релизов, и
+дистрибутивный компонент <var class="LITERAL">crypto</var> теперь часть <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>. Обратите внимание, что параметр сборки <var
+class="OPTION">-DNOCRYPT</var> все еще существует для всех, кто хочет собрать бинарные
+файлы без поддержки криптографии.</p>
+
+<p>Поддерживаемый релиз <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> был обновлен с версии 2.4 до
+версии 2.6.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Если вы используете старый <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> десктоп
+отдельно (<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>), простое обновление его из коллекции портов FreeBSD
+с помощью <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) вызовет серьезные проблемы. Если вы
+используете <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> в качестве десктопа, внимательно прочтите
+инструкции <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html</a>, и используйте скрипт <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt> для правильного обновления до <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.6.</p>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что если вы используете только библиотеки <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+будет достаточно для обновления портов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Поддерживаемый релиз <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> был обновлен с версии 3.1.4 до
+версии 3.2.3.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/portaudit/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">security/portaudit</tt></a> теперь находится в коллекции портов FreeBSD.
+Эта утилита читает базу данных, содержащую известные уязвимости портов, и сообщает о них
+администратору.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD теперь использует <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> вместо <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> в качестве X Window System по умолчанию. Поддерживаемый
+релиз <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> - X11R6.7.0. Обратите внимание, что <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> также доступен из коллекции портов FreeBSD (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/XFree86-4/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/XFree86-4</tt></a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. Документация</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. Обновление с предыдущих релизов
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Пользователям с уже установленными системами FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">настоятельно</i></span> рекомендуется прочесть ``Руководство для новых
+пользователей FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE''. На дистрибутивном носителе или в любом другом месте,
+где можно найти информацию о релизе, имя файла этого документа обычно <tt
+class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt>. Он предоставляет отдельные заметки по обновлению, но,
+что более важно, сравнительно рассматривает работу с 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> и
+обновление до 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Обновление FreeBSD конечно же должно производиться только после
+резервного копирования <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">всех</i></span> данных
+и файлов настройки.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-pc98.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-pc98.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b8cd5ff776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-pc98.html
@@ -0,0 +1,2336 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Информация о релизе FreeBSD/pc98 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Информация о релизе FreeBSD/pc98
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.5 2004/10/11 12:59:07 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN13" name="AEN13"></a>
+<p>Заметки о релизе для FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE содержат общую информацию по изменениям,
+внесенным в систему FreeBSD с момента выпуска 5.2.1-RELEASE. Этот документ содержит
+список сообщений безопасности, выпущенных после последнего релиза, а также список
+значительных изменений, внесенных в ядро и пользовательские программы FreeBSD.
+Представлены также краткие заметки по обновлению системы.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>Содержание</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">Введение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">Что нового</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">Сообщения безопасности</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">Изменения в ядре</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">Изменения в загрузчике</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">Поддержка оборудования</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">Сетевые протоколы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">Диски и хранение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">Файловые системы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN925">Стороннее программное обеспечение</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">Изменения в программах пользователя</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">Скрипты <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">Стороннее программное обеспечение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">Инфраструктура коллекции портов/пакетов</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">Подготовка релизов и интеграция</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">Документация</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">Обновление с предыдущих релизов FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>Этот документ содержит информацию о релизе FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE для аппаратной
+платформы NEC PC-98x1. В нем описаны недавно добавленные, измененные, или удаленные
+возможности FreeBSD. Он также представляет некоторые заметки по обновлению с предыдущей
+версии FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Этот дистрибутив FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE представляет собой release. Его можно найти на <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> или на любом из
+зеркал. Дополнительная информация по получению этого (или другого) release дистрибутива
+FreeBSD может быть найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">приложении ``Получение FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">Руководства
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Всем пользователям рекомендуется ознакомиться с сообщениями о проблемах перед
+установкой FreeBSD. В этот документ вносятся самая последняя информация, полученная в
+позже в процессе выпуска релиза или после релиза. Обычно в нем находятся информация о
+известных ошибках, сообщениях безопасности и исправления документации. Актуальную копию
+сообщений о проблемах для FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE можно найти на веб сайте FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. Что нового</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этом разделе описаны основные видимые пользователю добавленные или измененные с
+5.2.1-RELEASE возможности FreeBSD. Как правило, изменения, описанные здесь, уникальны для
+5-STABLE, если только они не помечены как [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>Обычно в информации о релизе последовательно включены последние сообщения
+безопасности, выпущенные после 5.3-RELEASE, информация о поддержки новых драйверов или
+оборудования, новых команд или параметров, информация о основных исправлениях ошибок, или
+обновлениях стороннего программного обеспечения. В нем могут также перечисляться
+изменения важнейших портов/пакетов или практики выпуска релизов. Конечно, в информацию о
+релизе не вносятся данные о каждом отдельном изменении, сделанном в FreeBSD между
+релизами; этот документ фокусируется в основном на сообщениях безопасности, видимых
+пользователю изменениях, и основных архитектурных улучшениях.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. Сообщения безопасности</a></h3>
+
+<p>Исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>;
+она приводила к сбрасыванию флагов файловой системы к их значению по умолчанию при
+создании снимка (снэпшота) файловой системы. Возможные последствия зависят от способа
+использования, но могут привести к отключению дополнительных списков контроля доступа,
+или разрешению использования setuid бита на исполняемых файлах, расположенных на
+недоверяемой файловой системе. Эта ошибка также относится к параметру <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-L</var>, где используется <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>.
+Обратите внимание, что <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>
+обычно доступен только суперпользователям и членам группы <tt
+class="GROUPNAME">operator</tt>. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению
+безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:01.mksnap_ffs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:01</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Исправлена ошибка в интерфейсе System V Shared Memory (а именно в системном вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shmat&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">shmat</span>(2)</span></a>). Эта
+ошибка приводила к расположению сегмента совместно используемой памяти в невыделенном
+участке памяти ядра. Это может привести к получению атакующим неавторизованного доступа к
+частям памяти ядра, с возможным раскрытием важной информации, обходу механизмов контроля
+доступа, или расширению привилегий. Более детальная информация может быть найдена в
+сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:02.sh mat.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:02</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в коде системного вызова <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail_attach&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail_attach</span>(2)</span></a>.
+Эта ошибка может позволить процессу с привилегиями суперпользователя внутри среды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> изменить
+свой корневой каталог на корневой каталог другой среды jail, и таким образом получить
+полный доступ на чтение и запись к файлам и каталогам внутри этого jail. Дополнительная
+информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:03.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:03</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Потенциальная DoS атака с низким трафиком на TCP стек FreeBSD была предотвращена путем
+ограничения количества TCP сегментов вне последовательности, которые могут одновременно
+обслуживаться. Более детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:04.tcp.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:04</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в SSL/TLS ChangeCipherSpec сообщении <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, которая могла привести к удалению нулевого указателя.
+Она позволяла удаленной атакующей стороне вызвать крах приложений, использующих <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, и привести к отказу в обслуживании (DoS). Более
+детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:05.openssl.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:05</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в коде обработки некоторых параметров сокета IPv6 в системном
+вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setsockopt&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setsockopt</span>(2)</span></a>.
+Она позволяла атакующему локально вызвать системную панику, а также могла позволять
+неавторизованный доступ к частям памяти ядра, что могло привести к раскрытию важной
+информации, обходу механизмов контроля доступа, или расширению привилегий. Более
+детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:06.ipv6.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:06</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены две ошибки в коде <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>. Они позволяли
+серверу перезаписывать произвольные файлы клиента, а клиенту читать произвольные файлы на
+сервере при удаленном доступе к CVS репозиториям. Более детальная информация может быть
+найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:07.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:07</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Внесено исправление в <b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b>, исправляющее проблему,
+вследствие которой не производилась адекватная проверка аутентификации между автономными
+realm. Более подробная информация находится в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:08.heimdal.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:08</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка в <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, позволявшая
+злонамеренному клиенту перезаписывать произвольные участки памяти сервера. За дальнейшей
+информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:10.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:10</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена потенциальная проблема с целостностью кэша в реализации системного
+вызова <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=msync&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">msync</span>(2)</span></a>,
+использующей операцию <var class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>. Однако, в качестве
+побочного эффекта исправления проблемы безопасности, флаг <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var> более не гарантирует выгрузку из памяти всех страниц.
+Пользователи, которым требуется старая семантика <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>, могут установить переменную sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_msync</var>, если их не беспокоит данная проблема безопасности. За
+дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:11.msync.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:11</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка в системном вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>, которая
+приводила к ошибке проверки попытки манипулирования таблицами маршрутизации из jail. За
+дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:12.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:12</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка обработки некоторых системных вызовов Linux,
+вследствие которой мог стать возможным доступ к областям памяти без соответствующей
+проверки. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:13.linux.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:13</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Множество программных ошибок в <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, могущих привести к
+раскрытию информации, DoS, или выполнению произвольного кода, были исправлены путем
+обновления до <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> 1.11.17. За дальнейшей информацией
+обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:14.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:14</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <var class="LITERAL">CONS_SCRSHOT</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a> была
+исправлена; она может привести к получению неавторизованного доступа к областям памяти
+ядра с возможным раскрытием критической информации, пропуску механизмов контроля доступа,
+или к получению повышенных привилегий. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению
+безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:15.syscons.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:15</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. Изменения в ядре</a></h3>
+
+<p><var class="LITERAL">ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var> были добавлены и включены по умолчанию.
+Это меняет поведение блокирующих мьютексов, которые переключаются, если поток, которому
+принадлежит мьютекс, выполняется другим процессором. Это поведение может быть изменено
+путем установки параметра ядра <var class="VARNAME">NO_ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен параметр ядра <var class="VARNAME">ADAPTIVE_GIANT</var>, который включает
+адаптивность Giant блокировки при включении адаптивности мьютексов. Это повышает
+производительность SMP систем и включено по умолчанию на i386.</p>
+
+<p>Интерфейс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>
+теперь прозрачно поддерживает выравнивание и установление границ в теге DMA при загрузке
+буферов, и <code class="FUNCTION">bus_dmamap_load()</code> будет автоматически
+использовать сброс буферов когда это необходимо. Кроме того, был добавлен набор
+переменных sysctl <var class="VARNAME">hw.busdma.*</var> для статистики <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>
+была переписана с новым алгоритмом, который серьезно повышает надежность при высокой
+нагрузке. Старый алгоритм может быть использован путем установки sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_contigmalloc</var>. Дополнительная информация может быть получена
+со страницы справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Правила path <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> теперь
+корректно работают с каталогами.</p>
+
+<p>API <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getvfsent&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getvfsent</span>(3)</span></a> был
+удален.</p>
+
+<p>Переменная загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.allow_unsupported_io_range</var>
+была удалена.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает использование raw сокетов изнутри jail. Эта возможность отключена по
+умолчанию и контролируется переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.allow_raw_sockets</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новый фильтр <var class="LITERAL">EVFILT_FS</var>, который используется для
+отправки сигналов файловой системы в пространство пользователя. На данный момент
+сигнализируются события mount, unmount и up/down статус NFS.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая инфраструктура отладки, KDB. Она состоит из новой подсистемы GDB,
+которая была переписана для поддержки потоков, run-length encoding compression, и так
+далее, и внешний интерфейс, в инфраструктуре которого могут быть настроены несколько
+различных подсистем отладки, и предоставлены основные сервисы для этих подсистем. Были
+изменены следующие параметры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>KDB включен по умолчанию через параметры ядра <var class="LITERAL">options KDB</var>,
+<var class="LITERAL">options GDB</var>, и <var class="LITERAL">options DDB</var>. <var
+class="LITERAL">DDB</var> и <var class="LITERAL">GDB</var> указывают, какие подсистемы
+KDB включать.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">WITNESS_DDB</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">WITNESS_KDB</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_TRACE</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_TRACE</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_UNATTENDED</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_UNATTENDED</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_DDBKEY</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_KDBKEY</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_NOKLDSYM</var> был удален. Новая подсистема DDB поддерживает
+pre-linker symbol lookups, так же как и KLD symbol lookups одновременно.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">GDB_REMOTE_CHAT</var> был удален. Это изменение GDB протокола
+специфично для FreeBSD. Вместе с тем в протоколе GDB есть пакеты для вывода на
+консоль.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>KDB дает также единственный способ взаимодействия для любого и всего кода, которому
+необходимо использование функций отладки, таких как вход в отладчик или обработка
+альтернативной последовательности прерывания. Для этих целей внешний интерфейс был сделан
+не опциональным. Все отладочные запросы перенаправляются или обрабатываются текущей
+подсистемой. Выбор текущей подсистемы выполняется переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.current</var>. Список установленных переменных находится в <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.available</var>. В отладчик можно перейти, записав в sysctl
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.enter</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.stop_cpus</var>.
+Она контролирует, будут или нет IPI (Inter Processor Interrupts) для других CPU переданы
+при входе в отладчик, чтобы остановить их в отладчике.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра, <var class="LITERAL">MAC_STATIC</var>, который
+отключает внутреннюю синхронизацию MAC Framework, защищая от динамической загрузки и
+выгрузки политик MAC.</p>
+
+<p>Политика <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> теперь поддерживает
+определение и применение только первого правила из всех соответствующих правил. Эта
+возможность может быть включена установкой новой переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_firstmatch_enabled</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Политика <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> теперь может протоколировать
+неудачные попытки записи в syslog <var class="LITERAL">AUTHPRIV</var>. Эта возможность
+может быть включена установкой новой переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_logging</var>.</p>
+
+<p>mballoc был замещен на mbuma, Mbuf и Cluster аллокаторы основаны на множестве
+расширений инфраструктуры UMA. В связи с этим изменением, параметр ядра <var
+class="LITERAL">NMBCLUSTERS</var> более не используется. Максимальное количество
+кластеров по прежнему устанавливается в соответствии с <var
+class="LITERAL">maxusers</var>, но может быть сделано неограниченным путем установки
+переменной загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">kern.ipc.nmbclusters</var> в нуль.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/mem</tt>, и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/io</tt> теперь также поставляются в виде загружаемых модулей
+ядра.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a>,
+вследствие которой страницы, помеченные как <var class="LITERAL">PROT_NONE</var>, могли
+стать читаемыми при определенных условиях, была исправлена. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">MP_WATCHDOG</var>; он позволяет
+использовать один из логических CPU системы в качестве выделенного watchdog для перехода
+в отладчик и/или генерации NMI загружавшему процессору, если ядро не отвечает. Для
+включения watchdog вне потока ожидания процессора доступны несколько sysctl; для сброса
+таймера в watchdog применяется метка. Если таймер не сбрасывается по метке в течение
+десяти секунд, обрабатывается таймаут. Процессор для запуска watchdog назначается
+переменной sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.watchdog_cpu</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.leak_schedlock</var>. Она
+заставляет обработчик sysctl, некорректно заблокировавший планировщик, переключить
+блокировку для обработки watchdog, в соответствии с параметром <var
+class="LITERAL">MP_WATCHDOG</var> option.</p>
+
+<p>Новая переменная загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> была добавлена
+и включена по умолчанию. Она отключает блокировку Giant при работе сетевого стека
+FreeBSD, что приводит к повышению производительности за счет улучшения параллельности и
+уменьшения задержек при сетевых вычислениях. Обратите внимание, что включение узла
+Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tty&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tty</span>(4)</span></a>, KAME
+IPsec, и подсистемы IPX/SPX приводит к включению сетевых операций с Giant, или к
+появлению предупреждения при динамической загрузке этих компонентов, поскольку для
+корректной работы им требуется блокировка Giant.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра, <var class="VARNAME">NET_WITH_GIANT</var>. Он
+восстанавливает значение debug.mpsafenet по умолчанию (<var class="LITERAL">0</var>), и
+предназначен для использования на системах, собранных с небезопасными компонентами, или
+там, где желательна более консервативная конфигурация.</p>
+
+<p>В дерево dev sysctl был добавлен уровень devclass для поддержки переменных по классам
+устройств, в дополнение к переменным по устройствам. Это означает, что <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo0.bar</var> теперь называются <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.0.bar</var>, и возможно также наличие <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.bar</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая переменная sysctl, <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.always_console_output</var>. Она направляет вывод ядра на консоль
+независимо от <var class="VARNAME">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">kern.sched.name</var>, в которой
+находится имя используемого планировщика, и переменная <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.quantum</var> была перемещена в <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.sched.quantum</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Обновлено управление ресурсами и энергопотреблением шины <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Хотя управление состоянием энергопотребления в шине <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a> было
+включено по умолчанию, это может привести к проблемам на некоторых системах. Оно может
+быть отключено путем установки переменной <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.do_powerstate</var>
+в <var class="LITERAL">0</var>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Планировщик ULE был добавлен в качестве дополнительного планировщика. Обратите
+внимание, что в качестве планировщика по умолчанию в ядре <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> все еще используется традиционный 4BSD. Для большинства
+пользователей интерактивность возросла во многих случаях. Это означает меньшее количество
+``пропусков'' и ``рывков'' в интерактивных приложениях, когда компьютер сильно загружен.
+Это не предотвращает проблем с перегруженными дисковыми подсистемам, но может помочь при
+перегруженных CPU. На компьютерах с SMP, ULE реализует очереди для каждого CPU, позволяя
+использовать CPU affinity, CPU binding, и расширенную поддержку HyperThreading, а также
+предоставляет основу для дальнейших оптимизаций в будущем. При продолжении разработки
+fine-grained kernel locking, планировщик сможет более эффективно использовать доступные
+параллельные ресурсы.</p>
+
+<p>Линейный алгоритм поиска, использовавшийся в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a>, был замещен на алгоритм
+O(log n), строящий карту в виде дерева. Он значительно снижает нагрузку в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a> для приложений, которые
+используют <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a> во
+многих сотнях или тысячах вхождений.</p>
+
+<p>Переменные загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">debug.witness_*</var> были переименованы в
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.witness.*</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Динамический и статический линковщик FreeBSD теперь поддерживает Thread Local Storage
+(TLS), возможность <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> определять модификатор <var
+class="LITERAL">__thread</var> к определению глобальных и статических переменных. Этот
+дополнительный модификатор означает, что значение переменной локально по отношению к
+потоку; один поток, изменяющий это значение, не повлияет на значение переменной в любом
+другом потоке.</p>
+
+<p>Был обновлен код ядра, выделяющий файловые дескрипторы, и теперь он заимствован из
+кода OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. Изменения в загрузчике</a></h4>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. Поддержка оборудования</a></h4>
+
+<p>Добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_video&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_video</span>(4)</span></a>
+для обеспечения управления переключением экранов и фоновой яркостью с использованием
+видео расширений ACPI.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(4)</span></a> для
+последовательных синхронных адаптеров Cronyx Tau-PCI.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">dgb</tt> (DigiBoard intelligent serial card) был удален
+вследствие неработоспособности. Его заменой является драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=digi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">digi</span>(4)</span></a>, который
+поддерживает все оборудование, которое поддерживалось драйвером <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">dgb</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nmdm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nmdm</span>(4)</span></a> был
+переписан для увеличения надежности.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">raid(4)</tt> (диск RAIDframe из NetBSD) был удален. В
+настоящее время он не функционален, и потребует дополнительного объема работы, чтобы
+стать работоспособным под существующим <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> API в
+5-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p>Запись для драйвера <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcic</span>(4)</span></a> была
+исключена из файла конфигурации ядра <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt>, поскольку драйвер
+более не поддерживается. Эта запись была закомментирована в течение длительного
+времени.</p>
+
+<p>Добавлен драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">sx</tt>, поддерживающий Specialix I/O8+ и
+I/O4+ intelligent multiport serial controllers.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер устройства <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> для
+поддержки управляемых с консоли последовательных адаптеров BWCT.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucycom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ucycom</span>(4)</span></a> для
+поддержки семейства мостов USB к RS232 Cypress CY7C637xx и CY7C640/1xx, один из которых
+используется в DeLorme Earthmate USB GPS приемнике (который и является единственным
+поддерживаемым этим драйвером устройством на данный момент). Этот драйвер не полон,
+поскольку в нем еще нет поддержки вывода и контроля потока.</p>
+
+<p>Инфраструктура драйверов устройств (как и многие драйверы) была обновлена. Среди
+прочих изменений: еще больше драйверов теперь используют автоматически выделяемые главные
+(major) номера (вместо старых статических главных номеров). Расширены функции по
+поддержке клонирования псевдо-устройств. Несколько изменений в API драйверов, включая
+новое поле <var class="VARNAME">d_version</var> в <var class="VARNAME">struct
+cdevsw</var>. Обратите внимание, что сторонние драйвера устройств потребуют
+перекомпиляции после этого изменения.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. Поддержка мультимедиа</a></h5>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">meteor</tt> (видеозахват) был удален вследствие
+неработоспособности и отсутствия поддержки.</p>
+
+<p>Код Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) был обновлен из дерева CVS DRI Project от 26 мая
+2004 года. Это обновление включает новые PCI ID и новый пакет для Radeon.</p>
+
+<p>Драйверы для различных звуковых карт были реорганизованы; <var class="LITERAL">device
+sound</var> это общий звуковой драйвер, а <var class="LITERAL">device snd_*</var> это
+звуковые драйвера устройств. Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">midi</tt>, поддерживающий
+последовательный порт и несколько звуковых карт, был удален. Дополнительные подробности
+находятся на соответствующих страницах справочной системы: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_als4000&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_als4000</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>, и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a> (бывший
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>) был
+модифицирован для чтения <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> при запуске, чтобы
+восстанавливать значения каналов mixer по умолчанию. Обратите внимание, что в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> все еще используется имя драйвера <var
+class="LITERAL">pcm</var>. Дополнительную информацию и примеры можно найти на странице
+справочной системы <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. Поддержка сетевых
+интерфейсов</a></h5>
+
+<p>Было исправлено кратковременно отключение в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> во время
+перенастройки параметров. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwip&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwip</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий IP через FireWire. Обратите внимание, что на данный момент номер
+широковещательного канала жестко установлен и MCAP для широковещательного выделения
+каналов не поддерживается. Этот драйвер предназначен для соответствия стандартам RFC 2734
+и RFC 3146 IP через FireWire и со временем заменит драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+использует дерево устройств sysctl, например <var class="VARNAME">dev.fxp0</var>, и эти
+переменные sysctl могут быть установлены для каждого устройства.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+предоставляет реальный контроль над возможностью получения расширенных фреймов Ethernet,
+отображаемый как <var class="LITERAL">VLAN_MTU</var>. Она может переключаться из
+пространства пользователя параметрами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> и <var class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">hea</tt> (Efficient Networks, Inc. ENI-155p ATM
+adapter) был удален вследствие неработоспособности. Его функциональность была добавлена в
+драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=en&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">en</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает длинные фреймы, и может использоваться для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vlan</span>(4)</span></a> с полным
+размером Ethernet MTU.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает TCP/UDP Transmit/Receive разгрузку контрольной суммы (checksum offload) на
+прием/передачу. Поскольку <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> не
+компенсирует контрольную сумму для UDP дейтаграммы, которая может принимать значение <var
+class="LITERAL">0x0</var>, UDP разгрузка контрольной суммы на передачу выключена по
+умолчанию. Она может быть включена путем установки параметра соединения <var
+class="OPTION">link0</var> через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий карты Intel PRO/10GBE 10 Gigabit Ethernet. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, которая
+делала невозможной работу VLAN. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены несколько ошибок, относящиеся к поддержке <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a> в
+драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены несколько ошибок, относящихся к обработке multicast и promiscuous
+режимов в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a>. Он
+предоставляет поддержку USB Ethernet адаптеров, основанных на Davicom DM9601 чипсете.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий чип VIA Networking Technologies VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet и интегрированный
+10/100/1000 copper PHY.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка аппаратной TX контрольной суммы в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> была отключена,
+поскольку она не работала корректно и уменьшала скорость передачи данных. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка интерфейсами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+теперь может быть включена поинтерфейсно. Следующие сетевые драйверы поддерживают <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a>. Эта
+возможность может управляться через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> (за
+исключением <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>).
+[MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. Сетевые протоколы</a></h4>
+
+<p>Драйвер туннеля <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает WCCP версии 2.</p>
+
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">versrcreach</var>, для проверки наличия в
+таблице маршрутизатора действующего маршрута к адресу источника пакета. Этот параметр
+очень полезен для маршрутизаторов с полной информацией об основных маршрутах интернет в
+таблице маршрутизации (BGP) для отбрасывания пакетов с подделанными или
+немарштутизируемыми адресами источников. Например,</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not versrcreach
+</pre>
+
+это эквивалент следующей команды в синтаксисе Cisco IOS: 
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ip verify unicast source reachable-via any
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">antispoof</var>, для проверки адреса источника
+входящих пакетов на принадлежность к непосредственно подключенной сети. Если сеть
+подключена непосредственно, входящий пакет проверяется на соответствие интерфейсу, с
+которого он пришел. Когда входящий интерфейс и подключенный непосредственно интерфейс не
+совпадают, пакет не соответствует правилу. Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not antispoof in
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">jail</var>, для ассоциации со специфическим
+ID. Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+count ip from any to any jail 2
+</pre>
+
+Имейте ввиду, что это правило на данный момент применяется только к TCP и UDP пакетам.
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает таблицы адресов (lookup tables), полезные при обработке больших наборов
+разных адресов. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Правило <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">forward</var> было встроено в ядро параметром <var
+class="LITERAL">IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Новая переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.process_options</var> для
+контроля обработки параметров IP. При установке этой переменной в <var
+class="LITERAL">0</var> параметры IP игнорируются и передаются не измененными, при
+установке в <var class="LITERAL">1</var> все параметры IP обрабатываются (поведение по
+умолчанию), а при установке в <var class="LITERAL">2</var> все пакеты с параметрами IP
+отбрасываются с сообщением ICMP filter prohibited.</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены некоторые ошибки в реализации IPsec от KAME Project. Эти ошибки были
+связаны с освобождением объектов памяти перед тем, как все ссылки на эти объекты были
+удалены, они могли стать причиной странного поведения или паники ядра после очистки
+Security Policy Database (SPD).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает несколько экземпляров через новый параметр <var
+class="OPTION">globalports</var>. Он позволяет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> привязку
+к различным сетевым интерфейсам и распределение нагрузки.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_atmllc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_atmllc</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который работает с RFC 1483 ATM LLC инкапсуляцией.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_hub&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_hub</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который поддерживает простую рассылку пакетов и работает как концентратор Ethernet.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_rfc1490&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_rfc1490</span>(4)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает инкапсуляцию в стиле Cisco, которая часто используется вместе с RFC
+1490 в соединениях frame relay.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_sppp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+являющийся интерфейсом <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netgraph&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netgraph</span>(4)</span></a> к
+оригинальному сетевому модулю <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> для
+синхронных линий.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый метод Netgraph, позволяющий восстановление поведения, потерянного
+при изменении стиля узлов Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tee&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tee</span>(4)</span></a> с
+4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_vlan</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который поддерживает IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка <var class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var> теперь постоянно встроена в ядро, и
+соответствующие параметры ядра были удалены. Все подсистемы фильтрации пакетов,
+поддерживаемые FreeBSD, теперь используют инфраструктуру <var
+class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>В сокет маршрутизации была добавлена поддержка уведомления об изменении состояния
+носителя Ethernet.</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> была
+переписана заново. LQM, описанный в RFC 1989, позволяет PPP сохранять информацию о
+качестве работающего соединения. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Клонирование псевдо-интерфейсов было обновлено, чтобы сделать возможным создание
+интерфейсов <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> с именами
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, или <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">6to4</tt>. Обратите внимание, что это нарушает обратную совместимость;
+например, теперь <tt class="COMMAND">ifconfig stf</tt> создаст интерфейс <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, а не <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, и не выведет <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt> на стандартный вывод.</p>
+
+<p>Следующие возможности TCP теперь включены по умолчанию: RFC 3042 (Limited Retransmit),
+RFC 3390 (increased initial congestion window sizes), TCP bandwidth-delay product
+limiting. Для этих возможностей доступен набор переменных sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3042</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3390</var>, и <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</var>. Дополнительная информация может быть
+найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD реализация TCP теперь включает поддержку минимального MSS (устанавливается
+через переменную sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmss</var>) и ограничение
+потока данных через соединения, передающие множество мелких TCP сегментов в короткий
+период времени (через переменную sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmssoverload</var>). Соединения, превысившие этот предел,
+могут быть сброшены. Эта возможность предоставляет защиту от целого класса исчерпывающих
+ресурсы атак.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация TCP теперь включает частичную поддержку RFC 2385 (TCP-MD5) digest (только
+на вывод). Эта возможность, включаемая параметрами ядра <var
+class="LITERAL">TCP_SIGNATURE</var> и <var class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</var>, является
+расширением TCP для аутентификации TCP сессий. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setkey&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setkey</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+включает поддержку TCP-MD5 класса ассоциаций безопасности. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Обработка reset в TCP соединении была улучшена, чтобы усложнить reset атаки настолько,
+насколько это возможно, при сохранении совместимости с широчайшим диапазоном TCP
+стеков.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация RFC 1948 была улучшена. Компонент временного смещения в Initial Sequence
+Number (ISN) теперь включает случайное положительное число, так что ISN всегда
+увеличивается, независимо от скорости повторного использования порта.</p>
+
+<p>Было реализовано произвольное ``эфемерное'' выделение порта (random ephemeral port
+allocation), пришедшее из OpenBSD. Оно включено по умолчанию и может быть отключено через
+переменную sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен TCP Selective Acknowledgements (SACK), как описано в RFC 2018. Это
+увеличивает производительность TCP через соединения с большими потерями пакетов. SACK
+может быть включен переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.sack.enable</var>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. Диски и хранение</a></h4>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает контроллеры <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cardbus&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cardbus</span>(4)</span></a>
+ATA/SATA.</p>
+
+<p>Было исправлено множество ошибок в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>. Наиболее
+заметные из них относятся к улучшению детектирования master/slave устройств и к проблемам
+с задержками.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает Promise command sequencer, имеющийся на всех современных контроллерах
+Promise (PDC203** PDC206**).</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Добавлена также предварительная поддержка для Promise SX4/SX4000 в
+качестве ``обычного'' Promise ATA контроллера; ATA RAID поддерживается, но только с
+уровнями RAID0, RAID1 и RAID0+1.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">DA_OLD_QUIRKS</var>, предназначенный для драйвера
+диска CAM SCSI (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cam</span>(4)</span></a>) был
+удален. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в коде автоматического выбора плотности драйвера <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fd</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>, которая
+могла приводить к прерыванию ввода/вывода в некоторых редких случаях.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_CONCAT</var> для соединения нескольких дисков в один.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_NOP</var> для различного тестирования.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_RAID3</var> для преобразования RAID3 и утилита пользователя <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=graid3&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">graid3</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_STRIPE</var>, который реализует преобразование RAID0. В этом классе
+есть два режима: ``fast'' и ``economic''. В режиме fast, когда используются очень
+небольшой размер страйпа, только один запрос ввода вывода отправляется к каждому диску в
+страйпе; это приблизительно в 10 раз быстрее для страйпов малого размера, чем режим
+economic и другие реализации RAID0. Хотя режим fast используется по умолчанию, он
+потребляет несколько больше памяти. Путем установки переменной загрузчика <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.fast</var> в 0 может быть включен режим economic, в
+котором запросы отправляются каждый раз. Возможно также указание максимального количества
+памяти, потребляемого в режиме fast, через переменную загрузчика <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.maxmem</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен GEOM Gate, который состоит из нового класса <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GATE</var> и нескольких утилит пользователя GEOM Gate (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatec</span>(8)</span></a>, and
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggated&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggated</span>(8)</span></a>). Он
+поддерживает экспорт устройств, включающих не приспособленные к <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> через
+сеть.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_LABEL</var> для обнаружения меток томов на различных файловых
+системах, таких как UFS, MSDOSFS (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32), и ISO9660.</p>
+
+<p>Новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GPT</var>, поддерживающий разделы GUID Partition Table (GPT) и
+возможность создания большого количества разделов на одном диске, был добавлен в <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> по умолчанию.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_MIRROR</var>, поддерживающий функциональность RAID1. Для контроля
+этого класса может использоваться утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gmirror&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gmirror</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_UZIP</var>, реализующий сжатые диски только для чтения. На данный
+момент он поддерживает формат сжатия дисков cloop V2.0.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_VINUM</var> для поддержки взаимодействия между <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает современные контроллеры Adaptec ServeRAID series SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает отсутствовавшие команды ATAPI MMC и правильно обрабатывает задержки.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Менеджер томов <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> был
+обновлен для использования <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>,
+инфраструктуры трансформирования дисковых запросов ввода-вывода 5.x. Была добавлена
+утилита пользователя <tt class="COMMAND">gvinum</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена поддержка LSI-type программного RAID.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. Файловые системы</a></h4>
+
+<p>Код файловой системы EXT2FS теперь включает частичную поддержку больших файлов (&gt;
+4GB). Частичность поддержки заключается в том, невозможно создать большие файлы на
+файловых системах, которые не были обновлены до <var class="LITERAL">EXT2_DYN_REV</var>
+или на тех, где в суперблоке не установлен флаг <var
+class="LITERAL">EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена паника в NFSv4 клиенте; она случалась при попытке работы с
+поддерживающим только NFSv3/NFSv2 сервером.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">MSDOSFS_LARGE</var> для поддержки
+файловых систем больших, чем 128GB. Этот параметр выключен по умолчанию. Имейте ввиду,
+что он использует как минимум 32 байта памяти ядра для каждого файла на диске; его
+использование безопасно только в четко контролируемых ситуациях, таких как монтирование
+файловой системы с менее чем 1 миллионом файлов только для чтения, и так далее. Экспорт
+этих больших файловых систем по NFS не поддерживается.</p>
+
+<p>Клиент SMBFS теперь поддерживает подпись SMB запроса, которая предотвращает атаки
+``man in the middle'' и необходима для подключения к серверам Windows 2003 в настройке по
+умолчанию. Поскольку подпись каждого сообщения понижает производительность, эта
+возможность включается только если сервер ее требует; со временем она может стать
+параметром <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_smbfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_smbfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN925" name="AEN925">2.2.6. Стороннее программное
+обеспечение</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ALTQ framework</b> была импортирована из снэпшота KAME от 7
+июня 2004 года. Этот импорт нарушает совместимость ABI в <var class="VARNAME">struct
+ifnet</var> и требует перекомпиляции всех сетевых драйверов. Кроме того, некоторые
+сетевые драйверы были изменены для поддержки инфраструктуры ALTQ. Обновлены драйверы <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tun&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tun</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> был обновлен с версии 3.4.31 до версии 3.4.35
+[MERGED].</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. Изменения в программах
+пользователя</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpidump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpidump</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает таблицы SSDT. Дамп или дизассемблирование DSDT теперь также включает
+содержимое этих таблиц, если они присутствуют.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-f</var> для работы с файлами вместо
+разделов диска.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdtar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdtar</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+используется в качестве утилиты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> в базовой
+системе FreeBSD по умолчанию. <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/tar</tt> был сделан
+символической ссылкой, указывающей по умолчанию на <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/bsdtar</tt>. Для возврата к <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/gtar</tt> по умолчанию, может быть использована переменная
+сборки <var class="VARNAME">WITH_GTAR</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены команды <tt class="COMMAND">bthidcontrol</tt> и <tt
+class="COMMAND">bthidd</tt>, поддерживающие Bluetooth HID (Human Interface Device).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=col&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">col</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colcrt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colcrt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colrm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colrm</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=column&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">column</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fmt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=join&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">join</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rev&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rev</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ul&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ul</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают многобайтовые символы.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает команды <var class="LITERAL">set</var> и <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var>, которые устанавливают/удаляют виртуальную консоль. <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var> направляет вывод из системы, например <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(9)</span></a> из
+ядра, на реальную основную консоль. Это интерфейс к tty ioctl <var
+class="LITERAL">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Даемон <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+принимает два параметра, <var class="OPTION">-j</var> и <var class="OPTION">-J</var>,
+включающие рассинхронизацию заданий, запускаемых непривилегированными пользователями и
+суперпользователем соответственно. Рассинхронизация означает, что перед выполнением
+задания <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a>
+останавливается на небольшой произвольный период времени в заданном пределе. Эта
+возможность предназначена для уменьшения пиков нагрузки, появляющихся при выполнении
+большого количества задач, запланированных на определенный момент времени. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Параметры <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cut&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cut</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-c</var>, <var class="OPTION">-d</var>, и <var class="OPTION">-f</var>
+теперь корректно работают в локалях с многобайтными символами.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает ключевое слово <var class="OPTION">iso8601</var> для отображения дат в
+формате ISO 8601.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-p</var> для создания PID файла.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">fillchar</var> для указания альтернативного
+символа заполнения в режиме конверсии, или при использовании <var
+class="OPTION">noerror</var> с <var class="OPTION">sync</var> при возникновении ошибки
+ввода.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-c</var> для отображения полной статистики
+файловых систем.</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a>, которая могла
+приводить к выводу некорректной информации при указании параметра <var
+class="OPTION">-t</var> и недоступности точки монтирования для вызывающего
+пользователя.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <tt class="COMMAND">doscmd</tt> была удалена из базовой системы FreeBSD и
+доступна через порт <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> из коллекции портов FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживают параметр <var class="OPTION">-P</var> для указания других методов
+резервного копирования (не в файлы или на ленты). Аргумент передается <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> с определенной
+переменной окружения <var class="VARNAME">$DUMP_VOLUME</var> или <var
+class="VARNAME">$RESTORE_VOLUME</var> соответственно. Дополнительная информация находится
+на страницах справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eeprom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">eeprom</span>(8)</span></a> для
+отображения и изменения настроек системы, сохраненных в EEPROM или NVRAM. Существующая
+реализация поддерживает системы, поставляемые с Open Firmware.</p>
+
+<p>Утилиты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdcontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdcontrol</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdformat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdformat</span>(1)</span></a>, и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdread&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdread</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+работают в FreeBSD/pc98.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetwln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetwln</span>(3)</span></a>,
+версия <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetln</span>(3)</span></a> для
+расширенных символов.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-acl</var> в основном для поиска файлов с <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acl</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новый основной параметр <var class="OPTION">-depth <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">n</var></var>, который проверяет, соответствует ли глубина вложения
+данного файла относительно начальной точки поиска <var class="REPLACEABLE">n</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+при открытии сокета для передачи данных в активном режиме использует эффективный UID
+текущего пользователя, а не <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>. Это полезно для сопоставления
+анонимного FTP трафика правилу <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> с
+параметром <var class="LITERAL">uid</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы функции <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftw</span>(3)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nftw</span>(3)</span></a>. Они
+используются для прохода по иерархии каталогов.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(8)</span></a> для
+оперирования классами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> из
+пространства пользователя.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a>, утилита
+для работы с GUID таблицей разделов, теперь поддерживает команду <var
+class="OPTION">remove</var>. Ее команда <var class="OPTION">add</var> теперь поддерживает
+параметр <var class="OPTION">-i</var>, который позволяет пользователю определять номер
+для нового раздела.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">id</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-M</var> для вывода метки MAC текущего
+процесса.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает переименование сетевых интерфейсов на лету, используя параметр <var
+class="OPTION">name</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь выводит <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+статус интерфейса. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь предоставляет параметры <var class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> и <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>, контролирующие возможность получения расширенных фреймов
+некоторыми Ethernet интерфейсами (т.е. фреймов, содержащих более чем 1500 байт
+данных).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь предоставляет параметры <var class="OPTION">vlanhwtag</var> и <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanhwtag</var>, контролирующие возможность обработки тегов VLAN
+некоторыми Ethernet интерфейсами на аппаратном уровне.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-ldi</var> для управления выравниванием
+локальных переменных. В этой утилите было сделано несколько других изменений.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> now
+supports <var class="OPTION">-fbs</var> and <var class="OPTION">-ut</var> for function
+declarations with the opening brace on the same line as the declaration of arguments all
+spaces and no tabs in order to fix problem when non-8 space tabs are used.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-n</var> для запрета внесения любых изменений в
+правила ядра</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipcs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipcs</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-u</var> для отображения информации о IPC
+механизмах, принадлежащих определенному пользователю.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-b</var> для вывода только действия и
+комментария каждого правила, исключая тело правила.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-U</var> для запуска команды под пользователем,
+который существует только внутри среды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-l</var> для очистки окружения. Все переменные
+окружения очищаются, за исключением <var class="VARNAME">HOME</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">SHELL</var>, <var class="VARNAME">PATH</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">TERM</var>, и <var class="VARNAME">USER</var> перед запуском программы в
+jail под определенным пользователем. Это поведение подобно поведению <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> с параметром
+<var class="OPTION">-l</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита отладки ядра <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kgdb</span>(1)</span></a>, которая
+использует <b class="APPLICATION">libgdb</b> и работает с потоками ядра, модулями ядра и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kvm&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kvm</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-e</var>, с которым <var
+class="OPTION">-u</var> указывает на эффективный, а не реальный ID пользователя.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>В <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libalias&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libalias</span>(3)</span></a>
+теперь есть поддержка (и новый API) для нескольких синонимов в одном процессе.
+Существующий API был переписан в терминах нового для сохранения совместимости.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена библиотека <b class="APPLICATION">libarchive</b> для работы со сжатыми
+и несжатыми архивными файлами. Дополнительная информация может быть найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libdisk</b> теперь использует корректное для PC98 значение
+дискового раздела FreeBSD. Это позволяет редактору дисковых разделов <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+корректно создавать единственный раздел FreeBSD, занимающий весь диск. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libdisk</b> теперь использует <var
+class="VARNAME">d_addr_t</var> для адресов дисков. Это позволяет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+правильно работать с дисками и файловыми системами размером более 1 TB.</p>
+
+<p>Библиотека, первоначально известная как <b class="APPLICATION">libkse</b>, была
+переименована в <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> и теперь это библиотека потоков по
+умолчанию для платформ i386, amd64 и ia64. Параметр <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> <var
+class="OPTION">-pthread</var> был изменен для использования <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> вместо <b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Пользователи со старыми бинарными файлами (например, из портов,
+скомпилированных до внесения этого изменения) должны использовать <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+для создания ссылок <b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b> и/или <b
+class="APPLICATION">libkse</b> на <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Пользователям поставляемых NVIDIA драйверов и библиотек может
+потребоваться использование <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+в котором есть ссылка <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> на старую библиотеку <b
+class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>, поскольку эти драйвера не работают с <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> теперь поддерживает переменную окружения <var
+class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE</var> для включения режима 1:1 (используя набор
+системных потоков). Обратите внимание, что сборка <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> с
+флагом <var class="OPTION">-DSYSTEM_SCOPE_ONLY</var> также включает режим 1:1, и что этот
+параметр установлен по умолчанию для архитектур, которые еще не поддерживают режим M:N.
+Кроме того, переменная окружения <var class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE</var>
+может использоваться для принудительного включения режима M:N (используя набор потоков
+процесса). Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>заставляет приложение <var class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var> использовать
+системный набор потоков, а</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>соответственно заставляет его использовать набор потоков процесса.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в параметре <var class="OPTION">-d</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> была
+исправлена. Кроме того, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+корректно работает с многобайтными локалями.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+обрабатывает имена файлов как мультибайтовые последовательности символов, в соответствии
+с текущей переменной <var class="VARNAME">LC_CTYPE</var>, когда определяется какие
+символы печатаемые.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новую директиву <var class="LITERAL">.warning</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает POSIX-совместимый флаг <var class="LITERAL">+</var> в командных строках <tt
+class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>, которая приводит к выполнению строки даже при указании
+параметра <var class="OPTION">-n</var>. Это полезно например при вызове вложенных
+make.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+помещает переменные из командной строки в переменную <var
+class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, как этого требует POSIX. Это приводит к передаче
+переменных через все вложенные make, вызываемые через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> (кроме
+переменной <var class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, которая эксклюзивно изменяется в
+окружении вложенного make). Помимо прочего, это делает переменные не переписываемыми во
+вложенных make, кроме как из командной строки.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы функции C99 <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyint</span>(3)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyintf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyintf</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был реализован заголовок C99 <tt class="FILENAME">tgmath.h</tt>. Он предоставляет
+макрос для функций <tt class="FILENAME">math.h</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">complex.h</tt>, которые реализованы для float, double и long double.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы расширения GNU для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mbsnrtowcs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mbsnrtowcs</span>(3)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wcsnrtombs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">wcsnrtombs</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь позволяет пользователям устанавливать параметр отладки через файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь использует новый порядок при обработке ротации файлов. Сначала ротируются все
+файлы, которые необходимо ротировать, затем посылается одиночный сигнал каждому процессу,
+которому необходимо послать сигнал, и наконец все файлы, которые были ротированы,
+сжимаются.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nextwctype&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nextwctype</span>(3)</span></a>
+для перебора всех символов из определенного класса.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена первичная поддержка для UTF-8 версий всех поддерживаемых в настоящее
+время системных локалей. Это сделано в основном для порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/utf8locale/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/utf8locale</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Добавлена локаль Israel Hebrew <var class="LITERAL">he_IL.UTF-8</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logins&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">logins</span>(1)</span></a> для
+отображения информации о пользовательских и системных учетных записях.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mountd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-p</var>, позволяющий пользователям указывать
+известный порт для указания его в правилах брандмауэра.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь отображает членство в широковещательных группах, имеющихся в системе.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают флаг <var class="OPTION">-l</var> для установки MAC multilabel флага на
+новых системах без использования <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь сообщает о попытках входа через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Программа <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a> была
+перемещена из <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nologin</tt>. <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> стал
+символической ссылкой для обратной совместимости.</p>
+
+<p>В поддержку NSS было внесено исправление, которое решает проблемы с использованием
+сторонних NSS модулей (таких как <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/nss_ldap/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/nss_ldap</tt></a>) и групп с длинным списком членов.</p>
+
+<p>В <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">od</span>(1)</span></a> теперь есть
+поддержка многобайтных символов в стиле POSIX.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patch</span>(1)</span></a> была
+замещена BSD-лицензированной версией из OpenBSD. Она включает параметр <var
+class="OPTION">--posix</var> для строгого соответствия POSIX.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены команды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pgrep</span>(1)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkill&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkill</span>(1)</span></a>,
+пришедшие их NetBSD. Они также поддерживают параметр <var class="OPTION">-M</var> для
+извлечения значений, связанных со списком имен из указанного дампа (core) вместо <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt> по умолчанию, и параметр <var class="OPTION">-N</var> для
+извлечения списка имен из указанной системы вместо ядра (kernel) по умолчанию.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает команду ``set rad_alive <var class="REPLACEABLE">N</var>'' для
+периодического отправления учетной информации RADIUS на сервер RADIUS. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает команду ``set pppoe [standard|3Com]'' для настройки режима взаимодействия с
+низлежащим узлом Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_pppoe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_pppoe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Была улучшена совместимость <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> с POSIX/SUSv3.
+Эти изменения включают параметры <var class="OPTION">-p</var> для списка ID процессов,
+<var class="OPTION">-t</var> для списка имен терминалов, <var class="OPTION">-A</var>,
+которая эквивалентна <var class="OPTION">-ax</var>, <var class="OPTION">-G</var> для
+списка ID групп, <var class="OPTION">-X</var>, которая противоположна <var
+class="OPTION">-x</var>, и некоторые мелкие улучшения. За дальнейшей информацией
+обращайтесь к <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр форматирования <var class="OPTION">-O emul</var>, при котором
+печатается имя эмулируемых системных переменных окружения, в которых находится
+процесс.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-H</var>, который принимает указатель на файл с
+зашифрованным паролем. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a>,
+которая не позволяла ему правильно работать на интерфейсах более чем с одним IP адресом.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=regex&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">regex</span>(3)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает регулярные выражения, учитывая многобайтные символы.</p>
+
+<p>Файлы настройки, используемые <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a>,
+теперь поддерживают ключевые слова <var class="LITERAL">timeout:</var> и <var
+class="LITERAL">attempts:</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a> и
+ассоциированные интерфейсы теперь гораздо лучше подходят для повторного использования и
+работы с потоками. Множественные запросы к DNS теперь могут происходить одновременно, что
+приводит к значительному улучшению производительности некоторых многопоточных приложений.
+Некоторые многопоточные приложения необходимо перекомпилировать; примеры из коллекции
+портов: <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/www/mozilla/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">www/mozilla</tt></a> и варианты, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/evolution/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">mail/evolution</tt></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs</tt></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs2</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmdir&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmdir</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-v</var>, для вывода информации об удаляемых
+файлах.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь правильно работает для дамп файлов больше 2GB.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=script&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">script</span>(1)</span></a> была
+исправлена, и теперь он работает корректно если его стандартный ввод закрыт. Это
+исправление предотвращает потенциально опасное взаимодействие с пакетом <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>; если он запускался не интерактивно, то
+мог удалить все устаревшие порты без их переустановки.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен даемон <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sdpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sdpd</span>(8)</span></a>
+Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol.</p>
+
+<p>Команда <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">y</var> (транслирование) теперь поддерживает многобайтные символы.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены утилиты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sha1&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sha1</span>(1)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmd160&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmd160</span>(1)</span></a>.
+Подобно <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md5&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md5</span>(1)</span></a>, они
+вычисляют хэш вводимых данных. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена небольшая утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smbmsg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">smbmsg</span>(8)</span></a>, для
+отправки/получения SMBus сообщений.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+использует <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> в качестве компьютера по умолчанию в пакетах
+запроса <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talkd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talkd</span>(8)</span></a>, если
+назначение и источник локальны. Это делает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a>
+зависимым от правильно установленной записи для <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt> или в DNS.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает два новых параметра: параметр <var class="OPTION">-w</var>, позволяющий
+создание новых файлов, и параметр <var class="OPTION">-U</var>, позволяющий установку
+umask.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает отображение текущего количества I/O. Эта возможность может быть включена
+нажатием ``m'' или передачей параметра командной строки <var class="OPTION">-m
+io</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Многие утилиты пользователя в базовой системе (в основном предоставленные GNU утилиты)
+теперь используют системную версию <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getopt_long&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getopt_long</span>(3)</span></a>,
+вместо GNU версии.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. Скрипты <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p>Скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">diskless</tt> был разделен на <tt
+class="FILENAME">hostname</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolve</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">tmp</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">var</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">gbde_swap</tt>, поддерживающий gbde
+устройства подкачки. При указании переменной <var class="VARNAME">gbde_swap_enable</var>
+в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+устройство подкачки <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var class="REPLACEABLE">foo.bde</var></tt>
+из <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a>
+автоматически подключается во время загрузки с устройством <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">foo</var></tt> и случайным ключом, полученным как контрольная сумма
+MD5 от 512 байт, прочитанных из <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/random</tt>. Обратите внимание,
+что это делает невозможным восстановление дампов ядра.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены <var class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> и <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_verbose</var>. Когда <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> установлена в <var class="LITERAL">YES</var>,
+политика выбора адреса загружается в ядро. Если существует <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/ip6addrctl.conf</tt>, он будет использован, иначе будет
+задействована политика по умолчанию. Применяется политика по умолчанию, описанная в RFC
+3484, если <var class="VARNAME">ipv6_enable</var> установлена в <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var>. Иначе в качестве политики по умолчанию будет использована
+политика приоритетов для адресов IPv4.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">mixer</tt>. При завершении работы сохраняет
+текущие настройки всех аудио микшеров, присутствующих в системе, и восстанавливает их при
+загрузке.</p>
+
+<p>Скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">named</tt> был обновлен для поддержки <b
+class="APPLICATION">BIND 9</b> в базовой системе. Изменения включают:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> по
+умолчанию запускается в каталоге <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. Это поведение может быть отменено переменной <var
+class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> в файле <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var>,
+а каталог <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> может
+быть изменен переменной <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> в том же файле.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Когда переменная <var class="VARNAME">named_chroot_autoupdate</var> установлена в <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var> (это значение по умолчанию), каталог chroot автоматически
+настраивается во время загрузки. Символическая ссылка, которая указывает на <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/etc/namedb</tt>, создается как <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/namedb</tt>, а символическая ссылка, которая указывает в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/var/run/named/pid</tt>, создается как <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/named/pid</tt>. Последнее может быть отменено переменной <var
+class="VARNAME">named_symlink_enable</var> в файле <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">rndc.key</tt> создается автоматически, если еще не
+существует.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Были добавлены скрипты <tt class="FILENAME">pf</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">pflog</tt>
+для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. Стороннее программное
+обеспечение</a></h3>
+
+<p>Код <b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> был обновлен с с снэпшота 20030619 до снэпшота
+20040527.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">AMD (am-utils)</b> был обновлен с версии 6.0.9 до версии
+6.0.10p1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">awk</b> от Bell Labs был обновлен с релиза от 29 июня 2003 года
+до релиза 7 февраля 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> был обновлен с версии 8.3.1-REL до версии 9.3.0.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> были обновлены до снэпшота от 23 мая 2004 из ветви
+FSF 2.15.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> был обновлен с версии 1.11.15 до версии 1.11.17.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FILE</b> был обновлен с версии 3.41 до версии 4.10.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">gdtoa</b> (библиотека, выполняющая преобразования чисел между
+бинарным и десятичным форматами) была обновлена с версии 20030324 до версии 20040118.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GDB</b> был обновлен до версии 6.1.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU GCC</b> был обновлен с версии 3.3.3-prerelease от 6 ноября,
+2003 до 3.4.2-prerelease от 28 июля, 2004.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> был обновлен с версии 2.4d до версии 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">less</b> был обновлен с версии 371 до версии 381.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU readline</b> 4.3 была обновлена официальными патчами с 001
+до 005.</p>
+
+<p>Библиотека <b class="APPLICATION">GNU regex</b> была обновлена до версии, включенной в
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU sort</b> был обновлен с textutils 2.1 до снэпшота coreutils
+5.2.1 от 12 августа 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация <b class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b> в основной системе теперь называется <tt
+class="FILENAME">gtar</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> был обновлен с версии 0.6 до версии
+0.6.1.</p>
+
+<p>Клиент <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> был обновлен c версии 3.0.1 RC10 до версии
+3.0.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> была обновлена с версии 0.7.1 до версии 0.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b> был обновлен с снэпшота от 3 ноября 2003 года до
+снэпшота от 9 августа 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> был обновлен с версии 4.1.1a до версии 4.2.0.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> был обновлен с релиза Dogwood до релиза
+Eelgrass.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> был обновлен с версии 3.6.1p1 до версии
+3.8.1p1.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Настройка по умолчанию для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> была
+изменена. SSH протокол версии 1 теперь не включен по умолчанию. Кроме того,
+аутентификация по паролю через SSH выключена по умолчанию если включен PAM.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> был обновлен с версии 0.9.7c до версии 0.9.7d.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> VIA C3 Nehemiah PadLock ACE (Advanced
+Cryptography Engine) криптографии, которая предоставляет шифрование Advanced Encryption
+Standard (AES), была импортирована из пререлиза <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">pf</b>, пакетный фильтр OpenBSD из OpenBSD 3.5-stable, был
+импортирован в дерево исходных текстов FreeBSD, и теперь установлен по умолчанию.
+Добавлены также два новых пользователя (<tt class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> и <tt
+class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>) и три новых группы (<tt class="USERNAME">authpf</tt>, <tt
+class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> и <tt class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>), которые необходимы <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> При обновлении из исходных текстов, должны быть добавлены эти
+учетные записи. Для добавления этих записей в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> может
+быть использован <var class="LITERAL">mergemaster -p</var>. Для выключения сборки <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b> может быть использована переменная <var
+class="VARNAME">NO_PF</var> в <tt class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Были импортированы несколько утилит пользователя из OpenBSD <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp-proxy&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp-proxy</span>(8)</span></a> это
+ftp прокси для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pfctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pfctl</span>(8)</span></a> это
+эквивалент <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipf</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pflogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pflogd</span>(8)</span></a> это
+даемон для протоколирования пакетов через <var class="LITERAL">if_pflog</var> в формате
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcap&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcap</span>(3)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=authpf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">authpf</span>(8)</span></a>
+оболочка для изменения наборов правил <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">routed</b> был обновлен с релиза 2.22 до релиза 2.27 с
+rhyolite.com. Обратите внимание, что для тех, кто использовал возможность RIP MD5
+аутентификацию, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+несовместим с предыдущими версиями FreeBSD; однако, теперь он совместим с реализациями от
+Sun, Cisco и других поставщиков.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> был обновлен с версии 8.12.10 до версии 8.13.1.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> был обновлен с версии 3.7.1 до версии 3.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> был обновлен с версии 6.11 до 6.13.00.</p>
+
+<p>База данных временных зон была обновлена с <tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2003a</tt> до
+<tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2004a</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">zlib</b> был обновлен с версии 1.1.4 до версии 1.2.1.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. Инфраструктура коллекции
+портов/пакетов</a></h3>
+
+<p>Большинство скриптов запуска/останова, устанавливаемые различными портами, теперь
+используют новую инфраструктуру <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a>, представленную
+в FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, хотя некоторые порты все еще используют
+скрипты в старом стиле. При запуске сначала выполняются скрипты в новом стиле, а затем в
+старом. При останове все происходит в точности наоборот.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен и включен по умолчанию атрибут <var class="LITERAL">SIZE</var> для
+distfiles, который может быть использован для проверки размеров файлов перед загрузкой.
+<var class="VARNAME">DISABLE_SIZE</var> может быть использована для запрещения проверки
+размера. Это особенно полезно на старых версиях FreeBSD, где нет соответствующей
+поддержки в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>, и для
+некоторых FTP прокси, которые всегда выдают неверные размеры.</p>
+
+<p>Для отслеживания наиболее важных изменений в дерево портов были добавлены два файла:
+<tt class="FILENAME">ports/CHANGES</tt> содержит список основных изменений в коллекции
+портов и ее инфраструктуре. <tt class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt> описывает некоторые
+потенциально проблемные случаи, которые могут встретиться при обновлении определенных
+портов, по аналогии с <tt class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> в базовой системе.</p>
+
+<p>Код обработки версий в системных утилитах <tt class="FILENAME">pkg_*</tt> был
+переписан для восстановления совместимости с 4.x и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Инструментарий пакетов теперь может искать совпадения с помощью операторов отношения и
+выборов в стиле csh <var class="LITERAL">{...}</var>, например:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">pkg_info -I 'docbook&#62;=3.0'</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>отобразит (все) docbook DTD с версией как минимум 3.0. Дополнительные параметры
+командной строки также были добавлены для поддержки шаблонов.</p>
+
+<p>Была улучшена обработка сбойных баз данных пакетов.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-S</var> для добавления префикса ко всем
+<var class="LITERAL">@cwd</var> во время создания пакета.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-j</var> для отображения скрипта
+зависимостей каждого пакета.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. Подготовка релизов и
+интеграция</a></h3>
+
+<p>Процесс сборки загрузочных дискет был полностью пересмотрен. Наиболее значительное
+изменение заключается в том, что загрузчик теперь загружает <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ядро, разделенное на несколько дисков (два на момент
+написания). Это существенно улучшает установку, начинающуюся загрузкой с дискеты,
+поскольку теперь она использует точно такое же ядро (и, таким образом, то же
+оборудование), что и при установке с CDROM. Урезанное ядро <tt
+class="FILENAME">MFSROOT</tt> больше не нужно, и образ <tt class="FILENAME">mfsroot</tt>
+более не требует подключения модулей ядра. Образы <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> и
+<tt class="FILENAME">driver.flp</tt> также более не требуются и не собираются.</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка криптографии в FreeBSD более не опциональный компонент релизов, и
+дистрибутивный компонент <var class="LITERAL">crypto</var> теперь часть <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>. Обратите внимание, что параметр сборки <var
+class="OPTION">-DNOCRYPT</var> все еще существует для всех, кто хочет собрать бинарные
+файлы без поддержки криптографии.</p>
+
+<p>Поддерживаемый релиз <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> был обновлен с версии 2.4 до
+версии 2.6.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Если вы используете старый <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> десктоп
+отдельно (<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>), простое обновление его из коллекции портов FreeBSD
+с помощью <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) вызовет серьезные проблемы. Если вы
+используете <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> в качестве десктопа, внимательно прочтите
+инструкции <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html</a>, и используйте скрипт <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt> для правильного обновления до <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.6.</p>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что если вы используете только библиотеки <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+будет достаточно для обновления портов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Поддерживаемый релиз <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> был обновлен с версии 3.1.4 до
+версии 3.2.3.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/portaudit/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">security/portaudit</tt></a> теперь находится в коллекции портов FreeBSD.
+Эта утилита читает базу данных, содержащую известные уязвимости портов, и сообщает о них
+администратору.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD теперь использует <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> вместо <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> в качестве X Window System по умолчанию. Поддерживаемый
+релиз <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> - X11R6.7.0. Обратите внимание, что <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> также доступен из коллекции портов FreeBSD (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/XFree86-4/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/XFree86-4</tt></a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. Документация</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. Обновление с предыдущих релизов
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Пользователям с уже установленными системами FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">настоятельно</i></span> рекомендуется прочесть ``Руководство для новых
+пользователей FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE''. На дистрибутивном носителе или в любом другом месте,
+где можно найти информацию о релизе, имя файла этого документа обычно <tt
+class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt>. Он предоставляет отдельные заметки по обновлению, но,
+что более важно, сравнительно рассматривает работу с 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> и
+обновление до 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Обновление FreeBSD конечно же должно производиться только после
+резервного копирования <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">всех</i></span> данных
+и файлов настройки.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-sparc64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-sparc64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f538d3de08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-sparc64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,2285 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Информация о релизе FreeBSD/sparc64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Информация о релизе FreeBSD/sparc64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.5 2004/10/11 12:59:07 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN13" name="AEN13"></a>
+<p>Заметки о релизе для FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE содержат общую информацию по изменениям,
+внесенным в систему FreeBSD с момента выпуска 5.2.1-RELEASE. Этот документ содержит
+список сообщений безопасности, выпущенных после последнего релиза, а также список
+значительных изменений, внесенных в ядро и пользовательские программы FreeBSD.
+Представлены также краткие заметки по обновлению системы.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>Содержание</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">Введение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">Что нового</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">Сообщения безопасности</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">Изменения в ядре</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">Изменения в загрузчике</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">Поддержка оборудования</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">Сетевые протоколы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">Диски и хранение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">Файловые системы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN925">Стороннее программное обеспечение</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">Изменения в программах пользователя</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">Скрипты <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">Стороннее программное обеспечение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">Инфраструктура коллекции портов/пакетов</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">Подготовка релизов и интеграция</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">Документация</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">Обновление с предыдущих релизов FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>Этот документ содержит информацию о релизе FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE для аппаратной
+платформы UltraSPARC. В нем описаны недавно добавленные, измененные, или удаленные
+возможности FreeBSD. Он также представляет некоторые заметки по обновлению с предыдущей
+версии FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Этот дистрибутив FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE представляет собой release. Его можно найти на <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/"
+target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a> или на любом из
+зеркал. Дополнительная информация по получению этого (или другого) release дистрибутива
+FreeBSD может быть найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">приложении ``Получение FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">Руководства
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Всем пользователям рекомендуется ознакомиться с сообщениями о проблемах перед
+установкой FreeBSD. В этот документ вносятся самая последняя информация, полученная в
+позже в процессе выпуска релиза или после релиза. Обычно в нем находятся информация о
+известных ошибках, сообщениях безопасности и исправления документации. Актуальную копию
+сообщений о проблемах для FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE можно найти на веб сайте FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. Что нового</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этом разделе описаны основные видимые пользователю добавленные или измененные с
+5.2.1-RELEASE возможности FreeBSD. Как правило, изменения, описанные здесь, уникальны для
+5-STABLE, если только они не помечены как [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>Обычно в информации о релизе последовательно включены последние сообщения
+безопасности, выпущенные после 5.3-RELEASE, информация о поддержки новых драйверов или
+оборудования, новых команд или параметров, информация о основных исправлениях ошибок, или
+обновлениях стороннего программного обеспечения. В нем могут также перечисляться
+изменения важнейших портов/пакетов или практики выпуска релизов. Конечно, в информацию о
+релизе не вносятся данные о каждом отдельном изменении, сделанном в FreeBSD между
+релизами; этот документ фокусируется в основном на сообщениях безопасности, видимых
+пользователю изменениях, и основных архитектурных улучшениях.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. Сообщения безопасности</a></h3>
+
+<p>Исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>;
+она приводила к сбрасыванию флагов файловой системы к их значению по умолчанию при
+создании снимка (снэпшота) файловой системы. Возможные последствия зависят от способа
+использования, но могут привести к отключению дополнительных списков контроля доступа,
+или разрешению использования setuid бита на исполняемых файлах, расположенных на
+недоверяемой файловой системе. Эта ошибка также относится к параметру <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-L</var>, где используется <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>.
+Обратите внимание, что <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>
+обычно доступен только суперпользователям и членам группы <tt
+class="GROUPNAME">operator</tt>. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению
+безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:01.mksnap_ffs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:01</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Исправлена ошибка в интерфейсе System V Shared Memory (а именно в системном вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shmat&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">shmat</span>(2)</span></a>). Эта
+ошибка приводила к расположению сегмента совместно используемой памяти в невыделенном
+участке памяти ядра. Это может привести к получению атакующим неавторизованного доступа к
+частям памяти ядра, с возможным раскрытием важной информации, обходу механизмов контроля
+доступа, или расширению привилегий. Более детальная информация может быть найдена в
+сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:02.sh mat.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:02</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в коде системного вызова <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail_attach&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail_attach</span>(2)</span></a>.
+Эта ошибка может позволить процессу с привилегиями суперпользователя внутри среды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> изменить
+свой корневой каталог на корневой каталог другой среды jail, и таким образом получить
+полный доступ на чтение и запись к файлам и каталогам внутри этого jail. Дополнительная
+информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:03.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:03</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Потенциальная DoS атака с низким трафиком на TCP стек FreeBSD была предотвращена путем
+ограничения количества TCP сегментов вне последовательности, которые могут одновременно
+обслуживаться. Более детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:04.tcp.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:04</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в SSL/TLS ChangeCipherSpec сообщении <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, которая могла привести к удалению нулевого указателя.
+Она позволяла удаленной атакующей стороне вызвать крах приложений, использующих <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, и привести к отказу в обслуживании (DoS). Более
+детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:05.openssl.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:05</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в коде обработки некоторых параметров сокета IPv6 в системном
+вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setsockopt&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setsockopt</span>(2)</span></a>.
+Она позволяла атакующему локально вызвать системную панику, а также могла позволять
+неавторизованный доступ к частям памяти ядра, что могло привести к раскрытию важной
+информации, обходу механизмов контроля доступа, или расширению привилегий. Более
+детальная информация может быть найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:06.ipv6.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:06</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены две ошибки в коде <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>. Они позволяли
+серверу перезаписывать произвольные файлы клиента, а клиенту читать произвольные файлы на
+сервере при удаленном доступе к CVS репозиториям. Более детальная информация может быть
+найдена в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:07.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:07</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Внесено исправление в <b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b>, исправляющее проблему,
+вследствие которой не производилась адекватная проверка аутентификации между автономными
+realm. Более подробная информация находится в сообщении безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:08.heimdal.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:08</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка в <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, позволявшая
+злонамеренному клиенту перезаписывать произвольные участки памяти сервера. За дальнейшей
+информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:10.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:10</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена потенциальная проблема с целостностью кэша в реализации системного
+вызова <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=msync&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">msync</span>(2)</span></a>,
+использующей операцию <var class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>. Однако, в качестве
+побочного эффекта исправления проблемы безопасности, флаг <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var> более не гарантирует выгрузку из памяти всех страниц.
+Пользователи, которым требуется старая семантика <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>, могут установить переменную sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_msync</var>, если их не беспокоит данная проблема безопасности. За
+дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:11.msync.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:11</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка в системном вызове <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>, которая
+приводила к ошибке проверки попытки манипулирования таблицами маршрутизации из jail. За
+дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:12.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:12</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена программная ошибка обработки некоторых системных вызовов Linux,
+вследствие которой мог стать возможным доступ к областям памяти без соответствующей
+проверки. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:13.linux.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:13</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Множество программных ошибок в <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, могущих привести к
+раскрытию информации, DoS, или выполнению произвольного кода, были исправлены путем
+обновления до <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> 1.11.17. За дальнейшей информацией
+обращайтесь к сообщению безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:14.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:14</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <var class="LITERAL">CONS_SCRSHOT</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a> была
+исправлена; она может привести к получению неавторизованного доступа к областям памяти
+ядра с возможным раскрытием критической информации, пропуску механизмов контроля доступа,
+или к получению повышенных привилегий. За дальнейшей информацией обращайтесь к сообщению
+безопасности <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:15.syscons.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:15</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. Изменения в ядре</a></h3>
+
+<p><var class="LITERAL">ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var> были добавлены и включены по умолчанию.
+Это меняет поведение блокирующих мьютексов, которые переключаются, если поток, которому
+принадлежит мьютекс, выполняется другим процессором. Это поведение может быть изменено
+путем установки параметра ядра <var class="VARNAME">NO_ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен параметр ядра <var class="VARNAME">ADAPTIVE_GIANT</var>, который включает
+адаптивность Giant блокировки при включении адаптивности мьютексов. Это повышает
+производительность SMP систем и включено по умолчанию на i386.</p>
+
+<p>Интерфейс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>
+теперь прозрачно поддерживает выравнивание и установление границ в теге DMA при загрузке
+буферов, и <code class="FUNCTION">bus_dmamap_load()</code> будет автоматически
+использовать сброс буферов когда это необходимо. Кроме того, был добавлен набор
+переменных sysctl <var class="VARNAME">hw.busdma.*</var> для статистики <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>
+была переписана с новым алгоритмом, который серьезно повышает надежность при высокой
+нагрузке. Старый алгоритм может быть использован путем установки sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_contigmalloc</var>. Дополнительная информация может быть получена
+со страницы справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Правила path <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> теперь
+корректно работают с каталогами.</p>
+
+<p>API <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getvfsent&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getvfsent</span>(3)</span></a> был
+удален.</p>
+
+<p>Переменная загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.allow_unsupported_io_range</var>
+была удалена.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает использование raw сокетов изнутри jail. Эта возможность отключена по
+умолчанию и контролируется переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.allow_raw_sockets</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новый фильтр <var class="LITERAL">EVFILT_FS</var>, который используется для
+отправки сигналов файловой системы в пространство пользователя. На данный момент
+сигнализируются события mount, unmount и up/down статус NFS.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая инфраструктура отладки, KDB. Она состоит из новой подсистемы GDB,
+которая была переписана для поддержки потоков, run-length encoding compression, и так
+далее, и внешний интерфейс, в инфраструктуре которого могут быть настроены несколько
+различных подсистем отладки, и предоставлены основные сервисы для этих подсистем. Были
+изменены следующие параметры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>KDB включен по умолчанию через параметры ядра <var class="LITERAL">options KDB</var>,
+<var class="LITERAL">options GDB</var>, и <var class="LITERAL">options DDB</var>. <var
+class="LITERAL">DDB</var> и <var class="LITERAL">GDB</var> указывают, какие подсистемы
+KDB включать.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">WITNESS_DDB</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">WITNESS_KDB</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_TRACE</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_TRACE</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_UNATTENDED</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_UNATTENDED</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_DDBKEY</var> был переименован в <var
+class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_KDBKEY</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_NOKLDSYM</var> был удален. Новая подсистема DDB поддерживает
+pre-linker symbol lookups, так же как и KLD symbol lookups одновременно.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">GDB_REMOTE_CHAT</var> был удален. Это изменение GDB протокола
+специфично для FreeBSD. Вместе с тем в протоколе GDB есть пакеты для вывода на
+консоль.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>KDB дает также единственный способ взаимодействия для любого и всего кода, которому
+необходимо использование функций отладки, таких как вход в отладчик или обработка
+альтернативной последовательности прерывания. Для этих целей внешний интерфейс был сделан
+не опциональным. Все отладочные запросы перенаправляются или обрабатываются текущей
+подсистемой. Выбор текущей подсистемы выполняется переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.current</var>. Список установленных переменных находится в <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.available</var>. В отладчик можно перейти, записав в sysctl
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.enter</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.stop_cpus</var>.
+Она контролирует, будут или нет IPI (Inter Processor Interrupts) для других CPU переданы
+при входе в отладчик, чтобы остановить их в отладчике.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра, <var class="LITERAL">MAC_STATIC</var>, который
+отключает внутреннюю синхронизацию MAC Framework, защищая от динамической загрузки и
+выгрузки политик MAC.</p>
+
+<p>Политика <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> теперь поддерживает
+определение и применение только первого правила из всех соответствующих правил. Эта
+возможность может быть включена установкой новой переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_firstmatch_enabled</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Политика <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> теперь может протоколировать
+неудачные попытки записи в syslog <var class="LITERAL">AUTHPRIV</var>. Эта возможность
+может быть включена установкой новой переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_logging</var>.</p>
+
+<p>mballoc был замещен на mbuma, Mbuf и Cluster аллокаторы основаны на множестве
+расширений инфраструктуры UMA. В связи с этим изменением, параметр ядра <var
+class="LITERAL">NMBCLUSTERS</var> более не используется. Максимальное количество
+кластеров по прежнему устанавливается в соответствии с <var
+class="LITERAL">maxusers</var>, но может быть сделано неограниченным путем установки
+переменной загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">kern.ipc.nmbclusters</var> в нуль.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/mem</tt>, и <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/io</tt> теперь также поставляются в виде загружаемых модулей
+ядра.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a>,
+вследствие которой страницы, помеченные как <var class="LITERAL">PROT_NONE</var>, могли
+стать читаемыми при определенных условиях, была исправлена. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Новая переменная загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> была добавлена
+и включена по умолчанию. Она отключает блокировку Giant при работе сетевого стека
+FreeBSD, что приводит к повышению производительности за счет улучшения параллельности и
+уменьшения задержек при сетевых вычислениях. Обратите внимание, что включение узла
+Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tty&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tty</span>(4)</span></a>, KAME
+IPsec, и подсистемы IPX/SPX приводит к включению сетевых операций с Giant, или к
+появлению предупреждения при динамической загрузке этих компонентов, поскольку для
+корректной работы им требуется блокировка Giant.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый параметр ядра, <var class="VARNAME">NET_WITH_GIANT</var>. Он
+восстанавливает значение debug.mpsafenet по умолчанию (<var class="LITERAL">0</var>), и
+предназначен для использования на системах, собранных с небезопасными компонентами, или
+там, где желательна более консервативная конфигурация.</p>
+
+<p>В дерево dev sysctl был добавлен уровень devclass для поддержки переменных по классам
+устройств, в дополнение к переменным по устройствам. Это означает, что <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo0.bar</var> теперь называются <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.0.bar</var>, и возможно также наличие <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.bar</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена новая переменная sysctl, <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.always_console_output</var>. Она направляет вывод ядра на консоль
+независимо от <var class="VARNAME">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">kern.sched.name</var>, в которой
+находится имя используемого планировщика, и переменная <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.quantum</var> была перемещена в <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.sched.quantum</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Обновлено управление ресурсами и энергопотреблением шины <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Хотя управление состоянием энергопотребления в шине <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a> было
+включено по умолчанию, это может привести к проблемам на некоторых системах. Оно может
+быть отключено путем установки переменной <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.do_powerstate</var>
+в <var class="LITERAL">0</var>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Планировщик ULE был добавлен в качестве дополнительного планировщика. Обратите
+внимание, что в качестве планировщика по умолчанию в ядре <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> все еще используется традиционный 4BSD. Для большинства
+пользователей интерактивность возросла во многих случаях. Это означает меньшее количество
+``пропусков'' и ``рывков'' в интерактивных приложениях, когда компьютер сильно загружен.
+Это не предотвращает проблем с перегруженными дисковыми подсистемам, но может помочь при
+перегруженных CPU. На компьютерах с SMP, ULE реализует очереди для каждого CPU, позволяя
+использовать CPU affinity, CPU binding, и расширенную поддержку HyperThreading, а также
+предоставляет основу для дальнейших оптимизаций в будущем. При продолжении разработки
+fine-grained kernel locking, планировщик сможет более эффективно использовать доступные
+параллельные ресурсы.</p>
+
+<p>Линейный алгоритм поиска, использовавшийся в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a>, был замещен на алгоритм
+O(log n), строящий карту в виде дерева. Он значительно снижает нагрузку в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a> для приложений, которые
+используют <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a> во
+многих сотнях или тысячах вхождений.</p>
+
+<p>Переменные загрузчика <var class="VARNAME">debug.witness_*</var> были переименованы в
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.witness.*</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Динамический и статический линковщик FreeBSD теперь поддерживает Thread Local Storage
+(TLS), возможность <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> определять модификатор <var
+class="LITERAL">__thread</var> к определению глобальных и статических переменных. Этот
+дополнительный модификатор означает, что значение переменной локально по отношению к
+потоку; один поток, изменяющий это значение, не повлияет на значение переменной в любом
+другом потоке.</p>
+
+<p>Был обновлен код ядра, выделяющий файловые дескрипторы, и теперь он заимствован из
+кода OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<p>На FreeBSD/sparc64, <var class="VARNAME">time_t</var> была изменена с 32-бит значения
+на 64-бит значение.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Поскольку это изменение не обратно совместимое, все программы,
+которые были собраны на старой системе с использованием 32-бит <var
+class="VARNAME">time_t</var> и обращаются к системе для обработки значений <var
+class="VARNAME">time_t</var>, должны быть перекомпилированы. Более детальная информация и
+замечание по обновлению из исходных текстов могут быть найдены в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING.64BTT</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. Изменения в загрузчике</a></h4>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. Поддержка оборудования</a></h4>
+
+<p>Добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_video&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_video</span>(4)</span></a>
+для обеспечения управления переключением экранов и фоновой яркостью с использованием
+видео расширений ACPI.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nmdm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nmdm</span>(4)</span></a> был
+переписан для увеличения надежности.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">raid(4)</tt> (диск RAIDframe из NetBSD) был удален. В
+настоящее время он не функционален, и потребует дополнительного объема работы, чтобы
+стать работоспособным под существующим <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> API в
+5-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p>Запись для драйвера <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcic</span>(4)</span></a> была
+исключена из файла конфигурации ядра <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt>, поскольку драйвер
+более не поддерживается. Эта запись была закомментирована в течение длительного
+времени.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sab&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sab</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер устройства <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> для
+поддержки управляемых с консоли последовательных адаптеров BWCT.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucycom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ucycom</span>(4)</span></a> для
+поддержки семейства мостов USB к RS232 Cypress CY7C637xx и CY7C640/1xx, один из которых
+используется в DeLorme Earthmate USB GPS приемнике (который и является единственным
+поддерживаемым этим драйвером устройством на данный момент). Этот драйвер не полон,
+поскольку в нем еще нет поддержки вывода и контроля потока.</p>
+
+<p>Инфраструктура драйверов устройств (как и многие драйверы) была обновлена. Среди
+прочих изменений: еще больше драйверов теперь используют автоматически выделяемые главные
+(major) номера (вместо старых статических главных номеров). Расширены функции по
+поддержке клонирования псевдо-устройств. Несколько изменений в API драйверов, включая
+новое поле <var class="VARNAME">d_version</var> в <var class="VARNAME">struct
+cdevsw</var>. Обратите внимание, что сторонние драйвера устройств потребуют
+перекомпиляции после этого изменения.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. Поддержка мультимедиа</a></h5>
+
+<p>Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">meteor</tt> (видеозахват) был удален вследствие
+неработоспособности и отсутствия поддержки.</p>
+
+<p>Код Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) был обновлен из дерева CVS DRI Project от 26 мая
+2004 года. Это обновление включает новые PCI ID и новый пакет для Radeon.</p>
+
+<p>Драйверы для различных звуковых карт были реорганизованы; <var class="LITERAL">device
+sound</var> это общий звуковой драйвер, а <var class="LITERAL">device snd_*</var> это
+звуковые драйвера устройств. Драйвер <tt class="DEVICENAME">midi</tt>, поддерживающий
+последовательный порт и несколько звуковых карт, был удален. Дополнительные подробности
+находятся на соответствующих страницах справочной системы: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_als4000&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_als4000</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>, и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a> (бывший
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>) был
+модифицирован для чтения <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> при запуске, чтобы
+восстанавливать значения каналов mixer по умолчанию. Обратите внимание, что в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> все еще используется имя драйвера <var
+class="LITERAL">pcm</var>. Дополнительную информацию и примеры можно найти на странице
+справочной системы <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. Поддержка сетевых
+интерфейсов</a></h5>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает карты sparc64 Davicom, которые хранят свой MAC адрес в Open Firmware.</p>
+
+<p>Было исправлено кратковременно отключение в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> во время
+перенастройки параметров. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwip&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwip</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий IP через FireWire. Обратите внимание, что на данный момент номер
+широковещательного канала жестко установлен и MCAP для широковещательного выделения
+каналов не поддерживается. Этот драйвер предназначен для соответствия стандартам RFC 2734
+и RFC 3146 IP через FireWire и со временем заменит драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+использует дерево устройств sysctl, например <var class="VARNAME">dev.fxp0</var>, и эти
+переменные sysctl могут быть установлены для каждого устройства.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+предоставляет реальный контроль над возможностью получения расширенных фреймов Ethernet,
+отображаемый как <var class="LITERAL">VLAN_MTU</var>. Она может переключаться из
+пространства пользователя параметрами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> и <var class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает длинные фреймы, и может использоваться для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vlan</span>(4)</span></a> с полным
+размером Ethernet MTU.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает TCP/UDP Transmit/Receive разгрузку контрольной суммы (checksum offload) на
+прием/передачу. Поскольку <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> не
+компенсирует контрольную сумму для UDP дейтаграммы, которая может принимать значение <var
+class="LITERAL">0x0</var>, UDP разгрузка контрольной суммы на передачу выключена по
+умолчанию. Она может быть включена путем установки параметра соединения <var
+class="OPTION">link0</var> через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий карты Intel PRO/10GBE 10 Gigabit Ethernet. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, которая
+делала невозможной работу VLAN. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены несколько ошибок, относящиеся к поддержке <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a> в
+драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены несколько ошибок, относящихся к обработке multicast и promiscuous
+режимов в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a>. Он
+предоставляет поддержку USB Ethernet адаптеров, основанных на Davicom DM9601 чипсете.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>,
+поддерживающий чип VIA Networking Technologies VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet и интегрированный
+10/100/1000 copper PHY.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка аппаратной TX контрольной суммы в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> была отключена,
+поскольку она не работала корректно и уменьшала скорость передачи данных. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка интерфейсами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+теперь может быть включена поинтерфейсно. Следующие сетевые драйверы поддерживают <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a>. Эта
+возможность может управляться через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> (за
+исключением <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>).
+[MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. Сетевые протоколы</a></h4>
+
+<p>Драйвер туннеля <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает WCCP версии 2.</p>
+
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">versrcreach</var>, для проверки наличия в
+таблице маршрутизатора действующего маршрута к адресу источника пакета. Этот параметр
+очень полезен для маршрутизаторов с полной информацией об основных маршрутах интернет в
+таблице маршрутизации (BGP) для отбрасывания пакетов с подделанными или
+немарштутизируемыми адресами источников. Например,</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not versrcreach
+</pre>
+
+это эквивалент следующей команды в синтаксисе Cisco IOS: 
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ip verify unicast source reachable-via any
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">antispoof</var>, для проверки адреса источника
+входящих пакетов на принадлежность к непосредственно подключенной сети. Если сеть
+подключена непосредственно, входящий пакет проверяется на соответствие интерфейсу, с
+которого он пришел. Когда входящий интерфейс и подключенный непосредственно интерфейс не
+совпадают, пакет не соответствует правилу. Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not antispoof in
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Правила <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают параметр <var class="LITERAL">jail</var>, для ассоциации со специфическим
+ID. Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+count ip from any to any jail 2
+</pre>
+
+Имейте ввиду, что это правило на данный момент применяется только к TCP и UDP пакетам.
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает таблицы адресов (lookup tables), полезные при обработке больших наборов
+разных адресов. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Правило <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">forward</var> было встроено в ядро параметром <var
+class="LITERAL">IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Новая переменная sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.process_options</var> для
+контроля обработки параметров IP. При установке этой переменной в <var
+class="LITERAL">0</var> параметры IP игнорируются и передаются не измененными, при
+установке в <var class="LITERAL">1</var> все параметры IP обрабатываются (поведение по
+умолчанию), а при установке в <var class="LITERAL">2</var> все пакеты с параметрами IP
+отбрасываются с сообщением ICMP filter prohibited.</p>
+
+<p>Были исправлены некоторые ошибки в реализации IPsec от KAME Project. Эти ошибки были
+связаны с освобождением объектов памяти перед тем, как все ссылки на эти объекты были
+удалены, они могли стать причиной странного поведения или паники ядра после очистки
+Security Policy Database (SPD).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает несколько экземпляров через новый параметр <var
+class="OPTION">globalports</var>. Он позволяет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> привязку
+к различным сетевым интерфейсам и распределение нагрузки.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_atmllc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_atmllc</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который работает с RFC 1483 ATM LLC инкапсуляцией.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_hub&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_hub</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который поддерживает простую рассылку пакетов и работает как концентратор Ethernet.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_rfc1490&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_rfc1490</span>(4)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает инкапсуляцию в стиле Cisco, которая часто используется вместе с RFC
+1490 в соединениях frame relay.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_sppp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+являющийся интерфейсом <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netgraph&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netgraph</span>(4)</span></a> к
+оригинальному сетевому модулю <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> для
+синхронных линий.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый метод Netgraph, позволяющий восстановление поведения, потерянного
+при изменении стиля узлов Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tee&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tee</span>(4)</span></a> с
+4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен тип узла Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_vlan</span>(4)</span></a>,
+который поддерживает IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка <var class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var> теперь постоянно встроена в ядро, и
+соответствующие параметры ядра были удалены. Все подсистемы фильтрации пакетов,
+поддерживаемые FreeBSD, теперь используют инфраструктуру <var
+class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>В сокет маршрутизации была добавлена поддержка уведомления об изменении состояния
+носителя Ethernet.</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> была
+переписана заново. LQM, описанный в RFC 1989, позволяет PPP сохранять информацию о
+качестве работающего соединения. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Клонирование псевдо-интерфейсов было обновлено, чтобы сделать возможным создание
+интерфейсов <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> с именами
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, или <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">6to4</tt>. Обратите внимание, что это нарушает обратную совместимость;
+например, теперь <tt class="COMMAND">ifconfig stf</tt> создаст интерфейс <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, а не <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, и не выведет <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt> на стандартный вывод.</p>
+
+<p>Следующие возможности TCP теперь включены по умолчанию: RFC 3042 (Limited Retransmit),
+RFC 3390 (increased initial congestion window sizes), TCP bandwidth-delay product
+limiting. Для этих возможностей доступен набор переменных sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3042</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3390</var>, и <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</var>. Дополнительная информация может быть
+найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD реализация TCP теперь включает поддержку минимального MSS (устанавливается
+через переменную sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmss</var>) и ограничение
+потока данных через соединения, передающие множество мелких TCP сегментов в короткий
+период времени (через переменную sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmssoverload</var>). Соединения, превысившие этот предел,
+могут быть сброшены. Эта возможность предоставляет защиту от целого класса исчерпывающих
+ресурсы атак.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация TCP теперь включает частичную поддержку RFC 2385 (TCP-MD5) digest (только
+на вывод). Эта возможность, включаемая параметрами ядра <var
+class="LITERAL">TCP_SIGNATURE</var> и <var class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</var>, является
+расширением TCP для аутентификации TCP сессий. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setkey&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setkey</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+включает поддержку TCP-MD5 класса ассоциаций безопасности. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Обработка reset в TCP соединении была улучшена, чтобы усложнить reset атаки настолько,
+насколько это возможно, при сохранении совместимости с широчайшим диапазоном TCP
+стеков.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация RFC 1948 была улучшена. Компонент временного смещения в Initial Sequence
+Number (ISN) теперь включает случайное положительное число, так что ISN всегда
+увеличивается, независимо от скорости повторного использования порта.</p>
+
+<p>Было реализовано произвольное ``эфемерное'' выделение порта (random ephemeral port
+allocation), пришедшее из OpenBSD. Оно включено по умолчанию и может быть отключено через
+переменную sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен TCP Selective Acknowledgements (SACK), как описано в RFC 2018. Это
+увеличивает производительность TCP через соединения с большими потерями пакетов. SACK
+может быть включен переменной sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.sack.enable</var>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. Диски и хранение</a></h4>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает контроллеры <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cardbus&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cardbus</span>(4)</span></a>
+ATA/SATA.</p>
+
+<p>Было исправлено множество ошибок в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>. Наиболее
+заметные из них относятся к улучшению детектирования master/slave устройств и к проблемам
+с задержками.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает Promise command sequencer, имеющийся на всех современных контроллерах
+Promise (PDC203** PDC206**).</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Добавлена также предварительная поддержка для Promise SX4/SX4000 в
+качестве ``обычного'' Promise ATA контроллера; ATA RAID поддерживается, но только с
+уровнями RAID0, RAID1 и RAID0+1.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">DA_OLD_QUIRKS</var>, предназначенный для драйвера
+диска CAM SCSI (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cam</span>(4)</span></a>) был
+удален. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>, которая
+могла приводить к прерыванию ввода/вывода в некоторых редких случаях.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_CONCAT</var> для соединения нескольких дисков в один.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_NOP</var> для различного тестирования.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_RAID3</var> для преобразования RAID3 и утилита пользователя <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=graid3&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">graid3</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_STRIPE</var>, который реализует преобразование RAID0. В этом классе
+есть два режима: ``fast'' и ``economic''. В режиме fast, когда используются очень
+небольшой размер страйпа, только один запрос ввода вывода отправляется к каждому диску в
+страйпе; это приблизительно в 10 раз быстрее для страйпов малого размера, чем режим
+economic и другие реализации RAID0. Хотя режим fast используется по умолчанию, он
+потребляет несколько больше памяти. Путем установки переменной загрузчика <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.fast</var> в 0 может быть включен режим economic, в
+котором запросы отправляются каждый раз. Возможно также указание максимального количества
+памяти, потребляемого в режиме fast, через переменную загрузчика <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.maxmem</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен GEOM Gate, который состоит из нового класса <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GATE</var> и нескольких утилит пользователя GEOM Gate (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatec</span>(8)</span></a>, and
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggated&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggated</span>(8)</span></a>). Он
+поддерживает экспорт устройств, включающих не приспособленные к <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> через
+сеть.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_LABEL</var> для обнаружения меток томов на различных файловых
+системах, таких как UFS, MSDOSFS (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32), и ISO9660.</p>
+
+<p>Новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GPT</var>, поддерживающий разделы GUID Partition Table (GPT) и
+возможность создания большого количества разделов на одном диске, был добавлен в <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> по умолчанию.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_MIRROR</var>, поддерживающий функциональность RAID1. Для контроля
+этого класса может использоваться утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gmirror&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gmirror</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_UZIP</var>, реализующий сжатые диски только для чтения. На данный
+момент он поддерживает формат сжатия дисков cloop V2.0.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен новый класс <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_VINUM</var> для поддержки взаимодействия между <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает современные контроллеры Adaptec ServeRAID series SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в драйвере <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a>, которая
+делала невозможной работу карт на SBus.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает отсутствовавшие команды ATAPI MMC и правильно обрабатывает задержки.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Менеджер томов <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> был
+обновлен для использования <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>,
+инфраструктуры трансформирования дисковых запросов ввода-вывода 5.x. Была добавлена
+утилита пользователя <tt class="COMMAND">gvinum</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер устройства <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=esp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">esp</span>(4)</span></a> был
+портирован из NetBSD для поддержки SBus SCSI карт в компьютерах Sun Ultra 1e и 2.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена поддержка LSI-type программного RAID.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. Файловые системы</a></h4>
+
+<p>Код файловой системы EXT2FS теперь включает частичную поддержку больших файлов (&gt;
+4GB). Частичность поддержки заключается в том, невозможно создать большие файлы на
+файловых системах, которые не были обновлены до <var class="LITERAL">EXT2_DYN_REV</var>
+или на тех, где в суперблоке не установлен флаг <var
+class="LITERAL">EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена паника в NFSv4 клиенте; она случалась при попытке работы с
+поддерживающим только NFSv3/NFSv2 сервером.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен параметр ядра <var class="LITERAL">MSDOSFS_LARGE</var> для поддержки
+файловых систем больших, чем 128GB. Этот параметр выключен по умолчанию. Имейте ввиду,
+что он использует как минимум 32 байта памяти ядра для каждого файла на диске; его
+использование безопасно только в четко контролируемых ситуациях, таких как монтирование
+файловой системы с менее чем 1 миллионом файлов только для чтения, и так далее. Экспорт
+этих больших файловых систем по NFS не поддерживается.</p>
+
+<p>Клиент SMBFS теперь поддерживает подпись SMB запроса, которая предотвращает атаки
+``man in the middle'' и необходима для подключения к серверам Windows 2003 в настройке по
+умолчанию. Поскольку подпись каждого сообщения понижает производительность, эта
+возможность включается только если сервер ее требует; со временем она может стать
+параметром <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_smbfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_smbfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN925" name="AEN925">2.2.6. Стороннее программное
+обеспечение</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ALTQ framework</b> была импортирована из снэпшота KAME от 7
+июня 2004 года. Этот импорт нарушает совместимость ABI в <var class="VARNAME">struct
+ifnet</var> и требует перекомпиляции всех сетевых драйверов. Кроме того, некоторые
+сетевые драйверы были изменены для поддержки инфраструктуры ALTQ. Обновлены драйверы <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tun&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tun</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> был обновлен с версии 3.4.31 до версии 3.4.35
+[MERGED].</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. Изменения в программах
+пользователя</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpidump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpidump</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает таблицы SSDT. Дамп или дизассемблирование DSDT теперь также включает
+содержимое этих таблиц, если они присутствуют.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-f</var> для работы с файлами вместо
+разделов диска.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdtar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdtar</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+используется в качестве утилиты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> в базовой
+системе FreeBSD по умолчанию. <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/tar</tt> был сделан
+символической ссылкой, указывающей по умолчанию на <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/bsdtar</tt>. Для возврата к <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/gtar</tt> по умолчанию, может быть использована переменная
+сборки <var class="VARNAME">WITH_GTAR</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены команды <tt class="COMMAND">bthidcontrol</tt> и <tt
+class="COMMAND">bthidd</tt>, поддерживающие Bluetooth HID (Human Interface Device).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=col&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">col</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colcrt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colcrt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colrm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colrm</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=column&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">column</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fmt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=join&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">join</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rev&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rev</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ul&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ul</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают многобайтовые символы.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает команды <var class="LITERAL">set</var> и <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var>, которые устанавливают/удаляют виртуальную консоль. <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var> направляет вывод из системы, например <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(9)</span></a> из
+ядра, на реальную основную консоль. Это интерфейс к tty ioctl <var
+class="LITERAL">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Даемон <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+принимает два параметра, <var class="OPTION">-j</var> и <var class="OPTION">-J</var>,
+включающие рассинхронизацию заданий, запускаемых непривилегированными пользователями и
+суперпользователем соответственно. Рассинхронизация означает, что перед выполнением
+задания <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a>
+останавливается на небольшой произвольный период времени в заданном пределе. Эта
+возможность предназначена для уменьшения пиков нагрузки, появляющихся при выполнении
+большого количества задач, запланированных на определенный момент времени. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Параметры <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cut&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cut</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-c</var>, <var class="OPTION">-d</var>, и <var class="OPTION">-f</var>
+теперь корректно работают в локалях с многобайтными символами.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает ключевое слово <var class="OPTION">iso8601</var> для отображения дат в
+формате ISO 8601.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-p</var> для создания PID файла.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">fillchar</var> для указания альтернативного
+символа заполнения в режиме конверсии, или при использовании <var
+class="OPTION">noerror</var> с <var class="OPTION">sync</var> при возникновении ошибки
+ввода.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-c</var> для отображения полной статистики
+файловых систем.</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a>, которая могла
+приводить к выводу некорректной информации при указании параметра <var
+class="OPTION">-t</var> и недоступности точки монтирования для вызывающего
+пользователя.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <tt class="COMMAND">doscmd</tt> была удалена из базовой системы FreeBSD и
+доступна через порт <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> из коллекции портов FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживают параметр <var class="OPTION">-P</var> для указания других методов
+резервного копирования (не в файлы или на ленты). Аргумент передается <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> с определенной
+переменной окружения <var class="VARNAME">$DUMP_VOLUME</var> или <var
+class="VARNAME">$RESTORE_VOLUME</var> соответственно. Дополнительная информация находится
+на страницах справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eeprom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">eeprom</span>(8)</span></a> для
+отображения и изменения настроек системы, сохраненных в EEPROM или NVRAM. Существующая
+реализация поддерживает системы, поставляемые с Open Firmware.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetwln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetwln</span>(3)</span></a>,
+версия <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetln</span>(3)</span></a> для
+расширенных символов.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-acl</var> в основном для поиска файлов с <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acl</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новый основной параметр <var class="OPTION">-depth <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">n</var></var>, который проверяет, соответствует ли глубина вложения
+данного файла относительно начальной точки поиска <var class="REPLACEABLE">n</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+при открытии сокета для передачи данных в активном режиме использует эффективный UID
+текущего пользователя, а не <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>. Это полезно для сопоставления
+анонимного FTP трафика правилу <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> с
+параметром <var class="LITERAL">uid</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы функции <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftw</span>(3)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nftw</span>(3)</span></a>. Они
+используются для прохода по иерархии каталогов.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(8)</span></a> для
+оперирования классами <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> из
+пространства пользователя.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a>, утилита
+для работы с GUID таблицей разделов, теперь поддерживает команду <var
+class="OPTION">remove</var>. Ее команда <var class="OPTION">add</var> теперь поддерживает
+параметр <var class="OPTION">-i</var>, который позволяет пользователю определять номер
+для нового раздела.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">id</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-M</var> для вывода метки MAC текущего
+процесса.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает переименование сетевых интерфейсов на лету, используя параметр <var
+class="OPTION">name</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь выводит <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+статус интерфейса. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь предоставляет параметры <var class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> и <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>, контролирующие возможность получения расширенных фреймов
+некоторыми Ethernet интерфейсами (т.е. фреймов, содержащих более чем 1500 байт
+данных).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь предоставляет параметры <var class="OPTION">vlanhwtag</var> и <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanhwtag</var>, контролирующие возможность обработки тегов VLAN
+некоторыми Ethernet интерфейсами на аппаратном уровне.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-ldi</var> для управления выравниванием
+локальных переменных. В этой утилите было сделано несколько других изменений.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> now
+supports <var class="OPTION">-fbs</var> and <var class="OPTION">-ut</var> for function
+declarations with the opening brace on the same line as the declaration of arguments all
+spaces and no tabs in order to fix problem when non-8 space tabs are used.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-n</var> для запрета внесения любых изменений в
+правила ядра</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipcs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipcs</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-u</var> для отображения информации о IPC
+механизмах, принадлежащих определенному пользователю.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-b</var> для вывода только действия и
+комментария каждого правила, исключая тело правила.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-U</var> для запуска команды под пользователем,
+который существует только внутри среды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-l</var> для очистки окружения. Все переменные
+окружения очищаются, за исключением <var class="VARNAME">HOME</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">SHELL</var>, <var class="VARNAME">PATH</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">TERM</var>, и <var class="VARNAME">USER</var> перед запуском программы в
+jail под определенным пользователем. Это поведение подобно поведению <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> с параметром
+<var class="OPTION">-l</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита отладки ядра <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kgdb</span>(1)</span></a>, которая
+использует <b class="APPLICATION">libgdb</b> и работает с потоками ядра, модулями ядра и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kvm&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kvm</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-e</var>, с которым <var
+class="OPTION">-u</var> указывает на эффективный, а не реальный ID пользователя.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>В <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libalias&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libalias</span>(3)</span></a>
+теперь есть поддержка (и новый API) для нескольких синонимов в одном процессе.
+Существующий API был переписан в терминах нового для сохранения совместимости.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена библиотека <b class="APPLICATION">libarchive</b> для работы со сжатыми
+и несжатыми архивными файлами. Дополнительная информация может быть найдена в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libdisk</b> теперь использует <var
+class="VARNAME">d_addr_t</var> для адресов дисков. Это позволяет <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+правильно работать с дисками и файловыми системами размером более 1 TB.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> теперь поддерживает переменную окружения <var
+class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE</var> для включения режима 1:1 (используя набор
+системных потоков). Обратите внимание, что сборка <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> с
+флагом <var class="OPTION">-DSYSTEM_SCOPE_ONLY</var> также включает режим 1:1, и что этот
+параметр установлен по умолчанию для архитектур, которые еще не поддерживают режим M:N.
+Кроме того, переменная окружения <var class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE</var>
+может использоваться для принудительного включения режима M:N (используя набор потоков
+процесса). Например:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>заставляет приложение <var class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var> использовать
+системный набор потоков, а</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>соответственно заставляет его использовать набор потоков процесса.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в параметре <var class="OPTION">-d</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> была
+исправлена. Кроме того, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+корректно работает с многобайтными локалями.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+обрабатывает имена файлов как мультибайтовые последовательности символов, в соответствии
+с текущей переменной <var class="VARNAME">LC_CTYPE</var>, когда определяется какие
+символы печатаемые.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает новую директиву <var class="LITERAL">.warning</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает POSIX-совместимый флаг <var class="LITERAL">+</var> в командных строках <tt
+class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>, которая приводит к выполнению строки даже при указании
+параметра <var class="OPTION">-n</var>. Это полезно например при вызове вложенных
+make.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+помещает переменные из командной строки в переменную <var
+class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, как этого требует POSIX. Это приводит к передаче
+переменных через все вложенные make, вызываемые через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> (кроме
+переменной <var class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, которая эксклюзивно изменяется в
+окружении вложенного make). Помимо прочего, это делает переменные не переписываемыми во
+вложенных make, кроме как из командной строки.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы функции C99 <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyint</span>(3)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyintf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyintf</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Был реализован заголовок C99 <tt class="FILENAME">tgmath.h</tt>. Он предоставляет
+макрос для функций <tt class="FILENAME">math.h</tt> и <tt
+class="FILENAME">complex.h</tt>, которые реализованы для float, double и long double.</p>
+
+<p>Были реализованы расширения GNU для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mbsnrtowcs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mbsnrtowcs</span>(3)</span></a> и
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wcsnrtombs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">wcsnrtombs</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь позволяет пользователям устанавливать параметр отладки через файл <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь использует новый порядок при обработке ротации файлов. Сначала ротируются все
+файлы, которые необходимо ротировать, затем посылается одиночный сигнал каждому процессу,
+которому необходимо послать сигнал, и наконец все файлы, которые были ротированы,
+сжимаются.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена функция <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nextwctype&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nextwctype</span>(3)</span></a>
+для перебора всех символов из определенного класса.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена первичная поддержка для UTF-8 версий всех поддерживаемых в настоящее
+время системных локалей. Это сделано в основном для порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/utf8locale/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/utf8locale</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Добавлена локаль Israel Hebrew <var class="LITERAL">he_IL.UTF-8</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logins&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">logins</span>(1)</span></a> для
+отображения информации о пользовательских и системных учетных записях.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mountd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-p</var>, позволяющий пользователям указывать
+известный порт для указания его в правилах брандмауэра.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь отображает членство в широковещательных группах, имеющихся в системе.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживают флаг <var class="OPTION">-l</var> для установки MAC multilabel флага на
+новых системах без использования <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь сообщает о попытках входа через <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Программа <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a> была
+перемещена из <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nologin</tt>. <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> стал
+символической ссылкой для обратной совместимости.</p>
+
+<p>В поддержку NSS было внесено исправление, которое решает проблемы с использованием
+сторонних NSS модулей (таких как <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/nss_ldap/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/nss_ldap</tt></a>) и групп с длинным списком членов.</p>
+
+<p>В <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">od</span>(1)</span></a> теперь есть
+поддержка многобайтных символов в стиле POSIX.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patch</span>(1)</span></a> была
+замещена BSD-лицензированной версией из OpenBSD. Она включает параметр <var
+class="OPTION">--posix</var> для строгого соответствия POSIX.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены команды <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pgrep</span>(1)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkill&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkill</span>(1)</span></a>,
+пришедшие их NetBSD. Они также поддерживают параметр <var class="OPTION">-M</var> для
+извлечения значений, связанных со списком имен из указанного дампа (core) вместо <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt> по умолчанию, и параметр <var class="OPTION">-N</var> для
+извлечения списка имен из указанной системы вместо ядра (kernel) по умолчанию.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает команду ``set rad_alive <var class="REPLACEABLE">N</var>'' для
+периодического отправления учетной информации RADIUS на сервер RADIUS. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает команду ``set pppoe [standard|3Com]'' для настройки режима взаимодействия с
+низлежащим узлом Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_pppoe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_pppoe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Была улучшена совместимость <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> с POSIX/SUSv3.
+Эти изменения включают параметры <var class="OPTION">-p</var> для списка ID процессов,
+<var class="OPTION">-t</var> для списка имен терминалов, <var class="OPTION">-A</var>,
+которая эквивалентна <var class="OPTION">-ax</var>, <var class="OPTION">-G</var> для
+списка ID групп, <var class="OPTION">-X</var>, которая противоположна <var
+class="OPTION">-x</var>, и некоторые мелкие улучшения. За дальнейшей информацией
+обращайтесь к <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр форматирования <var class="OPTION">-O emul</var>, при котором
+печатается имя эмулируемых системных переменных окружения, в которых находится
+процесс.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-H</var>, который принимает указатель на файл с
+зашифрованным паролем. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была исправлена ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a>,
+которая не позволяла ему правильно работать на интерфейсах более чем с одним IP адресом.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=regex&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">regex</span>(3)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает регулярные выражения, учитывая многобайтные символы.</p>
+
+<p>Файлы настройки, используемые <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a>,
+теперь поддерживают ключевые слова <var class="LITERAL">timeout:</var> и <var
+class="LITERAL">attempts:</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a> и
+ассоциированные интерфейсы теперь гораздо лучше подходят для повторного использования и
+работы с потоками. Множественные запросы к DNS теперь могут происходить одновременно, что
+приводит к значительному улучшению производительности некоторых многопоточных приложений.
+Некоторые многопоточные приложения необходимо перекомпилировать; примеры из коллекции
+портов: <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/www/mozilla/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">www/mozilla</tt></a> и варианты, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/evolution/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">mail/evolution</tt></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs</tt></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs2</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmdir&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmdir</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает флаг <var class="OPTION">-v</var>, для вывода информации об удаляемых
+файлах.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь правильно работает для дамп файлов больше 2GB.</p>
+
+<p>Ошибка в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=script&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">script</span>(1)</span></a> была
+исправлена, и теперь он работает корректно если его стандартный ввод закрыт. Это
+исправление предотвращает потенциально опасное взаимодействие с пакетом <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>; если он запускался не интерактивно, то
+мог удалить все устаревшие порты без их переустановки.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен даемон <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sdpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sdpd</span>(8)</span></a>
+Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol.</p>
+
+<p>Команда <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">y</var> (транслирование) теперь поддерживает многобайтные символы.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены утилиты <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sha1&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sha1</span>(1)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmd160&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmd160</span>(1)</span></a>.
+Подобно <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md5&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md5</span>(1)</span></a>, они
+вычисляют хэш вводимых данных. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Была добавлена небольшая утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smbmsg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">smbmsg</span>(8)</span></a>, для
+отправки/получения SMBus сообщений.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sunlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sunlabel</span>(8)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает два новых флага: <var class="OPTION">-c</var> для вычисления всех
+размеров разделов в цилиндрах вместо секторов, и <var class="OPTION">-h</var> для печати
+метки в удобном для чтения формате размер/смещения.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+использует <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> в качестве компьютера по умолчанию в пакетах
+запроса <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talkd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talkd</span>(8)</span></a>, если
+назначение и источник локальны. Это делает <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a>
+зависимым от правильно установленной записи для <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt> или в DNS.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает два новых параметра: параметр <var class="OPTION">-w</var>, позволяющий
+создание новых файлов, и параметр <var class="OPTION">-U</var>, позволяющий установку
+umask.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> теперь
+поддерживает отображение текущего количества I/O. Эта возможность может быть включена
+нажатием ``m'' или передачей параметра командной строки <var class="OPTION">-m
+io</var>.</p>
+
+<p>Многие утилиты пользователя в базовой системе (в основном предоставленные GNU утилиты)
+теперь используют системную версию <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getopt_long&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getopt_long</span>(3)</span></a>,
+вместо GNU версии.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. Скрипты <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p>Скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">diskless</tt> был разделен на <tt
+class="FILENAME">hostname</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolve</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">tmp</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">var</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">gbde_swap</tt>, поддерживающий gbde
+устройства подкачки. При указании переменной <var class="VARNAME">gbde_swap_enable</var>
+в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+устройство подкачки <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var class="REPLACEABLE">foo.bde</var></tt>
+из <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a>
+автоматически подключается во время загрузки с устройством <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">foo</var></tt> и случайным ключом, полученным как контрольная сумма
+MD5 от 512 байт, прочитанных из <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/random</tt>. Обратите внимание,
+что это делает невозможным восстановление дампов ядра.</p>
+
+<p>Были добавлены <var class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> и <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_verbose</var>. Когда <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> установлена в <var class="LITERAL">YES</var>,
+политика выбора адреса загружается в ядро. Если существует <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/ip6addrctl.conf</tt>, он будет использован, иначе будет
+задействована политика по умолчанию. Применяется политика по умолчанию, описанная в RFC
+3484, если <var class="VARNAME">ipv6_enable</var> установлена в <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var>. Иначе в качестве политики по умолчанию будет использована
+политика приоритетов для адресов IPv4.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">mixer</tt>. При завершении работы сохраняет
+текущие настройки всех аудио микшеров, присутствующих в системе, и восстанавливает их при
+загрузке.</p>
+
+<p>Скрипт <tt class="FILENAME">named</tt> был обновлен для поддержки <b
+class="APPLICATION">BIND 9</b> в базовой системе. Изменения включают:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> по
+умолчанию запускается в каталоге <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. Это поведение может быть отменено переменной <var
+class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> в файле <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var>,
+а каталог <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> может
+быть изменен переменной <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> в том же файле.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Когда переменная <var class="VARNAME">named_chroot_autoupdate</var> установлена в <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var> (это значение по умолчанию), каталог chroot автоматически
+настраивается во время загрузки. Символическая ссылка, которая указывает на <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/etc/namedb</tt>, создается как <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/namedb</tt>, а символическая ссылка, которая указывает в <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/var/run/named/pid</tt>, создается как <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/named/pid</tt>. Последнее может быть отменено переменной <var
+class="VARNAME">named_symlink_enable</var> в файле <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Файл <tt class="FILENAME">rndc.key</tt> создается автоматически, если еще не
+существует.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Были добавлены скрипты <tt class="FILENAME">pf</tt> и <tt class="FILENAME">pflog</tt>
+для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. Стороннее программное
+обеспечение</a></h3>
+
+<p>Код <b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> был обновлен с с снэпшота 20030619 до снэпшота
+20040527.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">AMD (am-utils)</b> был обновлен с версии 6.0.9 до версии
+6.0.10p1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">awk</b> от Bell Labs был обновлен с релиза от 29 июня 2003 года
+до релиза 7 февраля 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> был обновлен с версии 8.3.1-REL до версии 9.3.0.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> были обновлены до снэпшота от 23 мая 2004 из ветви
+FSF 2.15.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> был обновлен с версии 1.11.15 до версии 1.11.17.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FILE</b> был обновлен с версии 3.41 до версии 4.10.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">gdtoa</b> (библиотека, выполняющая преобразования чисел между
+бинарным и десятичным форматами) была обновлена с версии 20030324 до версии 20040118.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GDB</b> был обновлен до версии 6.1.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU GCC</b> был обновлен с версии 3.3.3-prerelease от 6 ноября,
+2003 до 3.4.2-prerelease от 28 июля, 2004.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> был обновлен с версии 2.4d до версии 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">less</b> был обновлен с версии 371 до версии 381.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU readline</b> 4.3 была обновлена официальными патчами с 001
+до 005.</p>
+
+<p>Библиотека <b class="APPLICATION">GNU regex</b> была обновлена до версии, включенной в
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU sort</b> был обновлен с textutils 2.1 до снэпшота coreutils
+5.2.1 от 12 августа 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p>Реализация <b class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b> в основной системе теперь называется <tt
+class="FILENAME">gtar</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> был обновлен с версии 0.6 до версии
+0.6.1.</p>
+
+<p>Клиент <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> был обновлен c версии 3.0.1 RC10 до версии
+3.0.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> была обновлена с версии 0.7.1 до версии 0.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b> был обновлен с снэпшота от 3 ноября 2003 года до
+снэпшота от 9 августа 2004 года.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> был обновлен с версии 4.1.1a до версии 4.2.0.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> был обновлен с релиза Dogwood до релиза
+Eelgrass.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> был обновлен с версии 3.6.1p1 до версии
+3.8.1p1.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Настройка по умолчанию для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> была
+изменена. SSH протокол версии 1 теперь не включен по умолчанию. Кроме того,
+аутентификация по паролю через SSH выключена по умолчанию если включен PAM.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> был обновлен с версии 0.9.7c до версии 0.9.7d.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>Поддержка <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> VIA C3 Nehemiah PadLock ACE (Advanced
+Cryptography Engine) криптографии, которая предоставляет шифрование Advanced Encryption
+Standard (AES), была импортирована из пререлиза <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">pf</b>, пакетный фильтр OpenBSD из OpenBSD 3.5-stable, был
+импортирован в дерево исходных текстов FreeBSD, и теперь установлен по умолчанию.
+Добавлены также два новых пользователя (<tt class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> и <tt
+class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>) и три новых группы (<tt class="USERNAME">authpf</tt>, <tt
+class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> и <tt class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>), которые необходимы <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> При обновлении из исходных текстов, должны быть добавлены эти
+учетные записи. Для добавления этих записей в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> может
+быть использован <var class="LITERAL">mergemaster -p</var>. Для выключения сборки <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b> может быть использована переменная <var
+class="VARNAME">NO_PF</var> в <tt class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Были импортированы несколько утилит пользователя из OpenBSD <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp-proxy&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp-proxy</span>(8)</span></a> это
+ftp прокси для <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pfctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pfctl</span>(8)</span></a> это
+эквивалент <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipf</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pflogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pflogd</span>(8)</span></a> это
+даемон для протоколирования пакетов через <var class="LITERAL">if_pflog</var> в формате
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcap&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcap</span>(3)</span></a>, и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=authpf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">authpf</span>(8)</span></a>
+оболочка для изменения наборов правил <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">routed</b> был обновлен с релиза 2.22 до релиза 2.27 с
+rhyolite.com. Обратите внимание, что для тех, кто использовал возможность RIP MD5
+аутентификацию, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> теперь
+несовместим с предыдущими версиями FreeBSD; однако, теперь он совместим с реализациями от
+Sun, Cisco и других поставщиков.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> был обновлен с версии 8.12.10 до версии 8.13.1.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> был обновлен с версии 3.7.1 до версии 3.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> был обновлен с версии 6.11 до 6.13.00.</p>
+
+<p>База данных временных зон была обновлена с <tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2003a</tt> до
+<tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2004a</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">zlib</b> был обновлен с версии 1.1.4 до версии 1.2.1.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. Инфраструктура коллекции
+портов/пакетов</a></h3>
+
+<p>Большинство скриптов запуска/останова, устанавливаемые различными портами, теперь
+используют новую инфраструктуру <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a>, представленную
+в FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, хотя некоторые порты все еще используют
+скрипты в старом стиле. При запуске сначала выполняются скрипты в новом стиле, а затем в
+старом. При останове все происходит в точности наоборот.</p>
+
+<p>Был добавлен и включен по умолчанию атрибут <var class="LITERAL">SIZE</var> для
+distfiles, который может быть использован для проверки размеров файлов перед загрузкой.
+<var class="VARNAME">DISABLE_SIZE</var> может быть использована для запрещения проверки
+размера. Это особенно полезно на старых версиях FreeBSD, где нет соответствующей
+поддержки в <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>, и для
+некоторых FTP прокси, которые всегда выдают неверные размеры.</p>
+
+<p>Для отслеживания наиболее важных изменений в дерево портов были добавлены два файла:
+<tt class="FILENAME">ports/CHANGES</tt> содержит список основных изменений в коллекции
+портов и ее инфраструктуре. <tt class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt> описывает некоторые
+потенциально проблемные случаи, которые могут встретиться при обновлении определенных
+портов, по аналогии с <tt class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> в базовой системе.</p>
+
+<p>Код обработки версий в системных утилитах <tt class="FILENAME">pkg_*</tt> был
+переписан для восстановления совместимости с 4.x и <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Инструментарий пакетов теперь может искать совпадения с помощью операторов отношения и
+выборов в стиле csh <var class="LITERAL">{...}</var>, например:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">pkg_info -I 'docbook&#62;=3.0'</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>отобразит (все) docbook DTD с версией как минимум 3.0. Дополнительные параметры
+командной строки также были добавлены для поддержки шаблонов.</p>
+
+<p>Была улучшена обработка сбойных баз данных пакетов.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-S</var> для добавления префикса ко всем
+<var class="LITERAL">@cwd</var> во время создания пакета.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a>
+теперь поддерживает параметр <var class="OPTION">-j</var> для отображения скрипта
+зависимостей каждого пакета.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. Подготовка релизов и
+интеграция</a></h3>
+
+<p>Поддержка криптографии в FreeBSD более не опциональный компонент релизов, и
+дистрибутивный компонент <var class="LITERAL">crypto</var> теперь часть <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>. Обратите внимание, что параметр сборки <var
+class="OPTION">-DNOCRYPT</var> все еще существует для всех, кто хочет собрать бинарные
+файлы без поддержки криптографии.</p>
+
+<p>Поддерживаемый релиз <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> был обновлен с версии 2.4 до
+версии 2.6.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Если вы используете старый <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> десктоп
+отдельно (<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>), простое обновление его из коллекции портов FreeBSD
+с помощью <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) вызовет серьезные проблемы. Если вы
+используете <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> в качестве десктопа, внимательно прочтите
+инструкции <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html</a>, и используйте скрипт <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt> для правильного обновления до <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.6.</p>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что если вы используете только библиотеки <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+будет достаточно для обновления портов.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Поддерживаемый релиз <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> был обновлен с версии 3.1.4 до
+версии 3.2.3.</p>
+
+<p>Утилита <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/portaudit/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">security/portaudit</tt></a> теперь находится в коллекции портов FreeBSD.
+Эта утилита читает базу данных, содержащую известные уязвимости портов, и сообщает о них
+администратору.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD теперь использует <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> вместо <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> в качестве X Window System по умолчанию. Поддерживаемый
+релиз <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> - X11R6.7.0. Обратите внимание, что <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> также доступен из коллекции портов FreeBSD (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/XFree86-4/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/XFree86-4</tt></a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. Документация</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. Обновление с предыдущих релизов
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>Пользователям с уже установленными системами FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">настоятельно</i></span> рекомендуется прочесть ``Руководство для новых
+пользователей FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE''. На дистрибутивном носителе или в любом другом месте,
+где можно найти информацию о релизе, имя файла этого документа обычно <tt
+class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt>. Он предоставляет отдельные заметки по обновлению, но,
+что более важно, сравнительно рассматривает работу с 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> и
+обновление до 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Обновление FreeBSD конечно же должно производиться только после
+резервного копирования <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">всех</i></span> данных
+и файлов настройки.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3321cccb19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes.html
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
+  <head>
+    <title>Заметки о релизе FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print" href="../../../layout/css/fixed.css?20130112" type="text/css" />
+
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="containerwrap">
+      <div id="container">
+        <span class="txtoffscreen"><a href="#content" title="Skip site navigation" accesskey="1">Skip site navigation</a> (1)
+  <a href="#contentwrap" title="Skip section navigation" accesskey="2">Skip section navigation</a> (2)
+</span>
+        <div id="headercontainer">
+          <div id="header">
+            <h2 class="blockhide">Header And Logo</h2>
+            <div id="headerlogoleft">
+              <a href="../.." title="FreeBSD">
+                <img src="../../../layout/images/logo-red.png" width="457" height="75" alt="FreeBSD" />
+              </a>
+            </div>
+            <div id="headerlogoright">
+              <div class="frontdonateroundbox">
+                <div class="frontdonatetop">
+                  <div>
+                    <b style="display: none;">.</b>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="frontdonatecontent">
+                  <a href="https://www.FreeBSDFoundation.org/donate/">Donate to FreeBSD</a>
+                </div>
+                <div class="frontdonatebot">
+                  <div>
+                    <b style="display: none;">.</b>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+              <h2 class="blockhide">Peripheral Links</h2>
+              <div id="searchnav">
+                <ul id="searchnavlist"></ul>
+              </div>
+              <div id="search">
+                <form method="get" id="search-form" action="https://duckduckgo.com/" onsubmit="document.getElementById('words').value+=' (site:www.FreeBSD.org OR site:docs.FreeBSD.org OR site:lists.FreeBSD.org OR site:wiki.FreeBSD.org OR site:forums.FreeBSD.org)'">
+                  <h2 class="blockhide">
+                    <label for="words">Поиск</label>
+                  </h2>
+                  <input type="hidden" name="ka" value="v" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kt" value="v" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kh" value="1" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kj" value="r2" />
+                  <input id="words" name="q" type="text" size="20" maxlength="255" onfocus="if( this.value==this.defaultValue ) this.value='';" value="Поиск" />
+                  <span> </span>
+                  <input id="submit" name="submit" type="submit" value="Поиск" />
+                </form>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <h2 class="blockhide">Site Navigation</h2>
+          <div id="menu">
+            <ul class="first">
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../">На главную</a>
+              </li>
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+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../about.html">О FreeBSD</a>
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+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../projects/newbies.html">Введение</a>
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+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../advocacy/">Адвокатура</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../marketing/">Маркетинг</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../where.html">Получение FreeBSD</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../releases/">Информация о релизах</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../releng/">Информация о подготовке релизов</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
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+              <li>
+                <a href="../../docs.html">Документация</a>
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+                    <a href="../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/">Часто задаваемые вопросы</a>
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+                    <a href="../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/">Руководство пользователя</a>
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+                  </li>
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+                    <a href="../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook">Руководство разработчика</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="//www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi">Страницы справочника</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
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+              <li>
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+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../community/mailinglists.html">Списки рассылки</a>
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+                    <a href="../../usergroups.html">Группы пользователей</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../events/events.html">События</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../projects/index.html">Разработка</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://wiki.FreeBSD.org/IdeasPage">Идеи для проекта</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://svn.FreeBSD.org/viewvc/base/">SVN репозиторий</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org">CVS репозиторий</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://p4web.FreeBSD.org">Perforce репозиторий</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
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+              <li>
+                <a href="../../support.html">Поддержка</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../commercial/commercial.html">Коммерческие предложения</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../security/">Информация о безопасности</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="//www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi">Сообщения об ошибках</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../send-pr.html">Отправить сообщение об ошибке</a>
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+                </ul>
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+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/donate/">Пожертвования</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div id="content">
+          <div id="sidewrap">
+            <div id="sidenav">
+              <h2 class="blockhide">Навигация по разделу</h2>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../where.html">Получить FreeBSD</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../releases/">Информация о релизах</a>
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>Продуктивный релиз: <a href="../../../releases/12.0R/announce.html">12.0</a><a href="../../../releases/11.2R/announce.html">11.2</a></li>
+                    <li>(Старый) Продуктивный релиз: <a href="../../../releases/10.2R/announce.html">10.2</a></li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a href="../../snapshots/">Снэпшот-релизы</a>
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../ports/">Портированные приложения</a>
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div id="contentwrap"><h1>Заметки о релизе FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</h1>
+
+  <p>Заметки о релизе для FreeBSD публикуются отдельно для каждой
+    платформы, поскольку многие изменения в FreeBSD выполняются
+    только для определенной процессорной архитектуры.</p>
+
+  <p>Заметки о релизе для FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE доступны для следующих
+    платформ:</p>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="relnotes-alpha.html" shape="rect">alpha</a></li>
+    <li><a href="relnotes-amd64.html" shape="rect">amd64</a></li>
+    <li><a href="relnotes-i386.html" shape="rect">i386</a></li>
+    <li><a href="relnotes-ia64.html" shape="rect">ia64</a></li>
+    <li><a href="relnotes-pc98.html" shape="rect">pc98</a></li>
+    <li><a href="relnotes-sparc64.html" shape="rect">sparc64</a></li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <p>Список всех платформ, находящихся в разработке, опубликован
+    на странице <a href="../../platforms/index.html" shape="rect">Поддерживаемых
+    платформ</a>.</p>
+
+  </div>
+          <br class="clearboth" />
+        </div>
+        <div id="footer"><span><a href="../../search/index-site.html">Карта сайта</a> |
+  <a href="../../copyright/">Условия использования</a> | © 1995-2014
+  Проект FreeBSD. Все права защищены.</span><br />
+      Last modified:  2013-11-13</div>
+      </div>
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+</html>
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/announce.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/announce.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..128b1af41e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/announce.html
@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
+  <head>
+    <title>Анонс FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE</title>
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+                <div class="frontdonatetop">
+                  <div>
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+                  <a href="https://www.FreeBSDFoundation.org/donate/">Donate to FreeBSD</a>
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+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../community/mailinglists.html">Списки рассылки</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://forums.freebsd.org">Форумы</a>
+                  </li>
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+                    <a href="../../usergroups.html">Группы пользователей</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
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+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../projects/index.html">Разработка</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://wiki.FreeBSD.org/IdeasPage">Идеи для проекта</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://svn.FreeBSD.org/viewvc/base/">SVN репозиторий</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org">CVS репозиторий</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://p4web.FreeBSD.org">Perforce репозиторий</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../support.html">Поддержка</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../commercial/commercial.html">Коммерческие предложения</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../security/">Информация о безопасности</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="//www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi">Сообщения об ошибках</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../send-pr.html">Отправить сообщение об ошибке</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/">Фонд</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/donate/">Пожертвования</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div id="content">
+          <div id="sidewrap">
+            <div id="sidenav">
+              <h2 class="blockhide">Навигация по разделу</h2>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../where.html">Получить FreeBSD</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../releases/">Информация о релизах</a>
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>Продуктивный релиз: <a href="../../../releases/12.0R/announce.html">12.0</a><a href="../../../releases/11.2R/announce.html">11.2</a></li>
+                    <li>(Старый) Продуктивный релиз: <a href="../../../releases/10.2R/announce.html">10.2</a></li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a href="../../snapshots/">Снэпшот-релизы</a>
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../ports/">Портированные приложения</a>
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div id="contentwrap"><h1>Анонс FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE</h1>
+
+    <p><b>Date:</b> Mon, 9 May 2005 17:01:58 -0400<br clear="none" />
+      <b>From:</b> Ken Smith &lt;kensmith@FreeBSD.org&gt;<br clear="none" />
+      <b>To:</b> freebsd-announce@FreeBSD.org<br clear="none" />
+      <b>Subject:</b> [FreeBSD-Announce] FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Announcement</p>
+
+    <p>Группа подготовки релизов рада анонсировать доступность
+      FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE, последнего релиза стабильной ветви разработки
+      FreeBSD.  По сравнению с FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE, выпущенным в
+      ноябре 2004, мы значительно улучшили функциональность, стабильность,
+      производительность, поддержку различного оборудования драйверами
+      устройств, а также решили все известные проблемы с безопасностью
+      и исправили ошибки.</p>
+
+    <p>Полный список новых возможностей, известных проблем и последних
+      новостей доступны по ссылкам:</p>
+
+    <p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/5.4R/relnotes.html" shape="rect">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/5.4R/relnotes.html</a></p>
+
+    <p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/5.4R/errata.html" shape="rect">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/5.4R/errata.html</a></p>
+
+    <p>FreeBSD 5.4 будет "ветвью исправлений".  В дополнение к
+      исправлениям безопасности, в ветвь RELENG_5_4 будут вноситься
+      другие хорошо протестированные исправления.  Как исправления
+      безопасности, так и исправления ошибок будут анонсироваться
+      через список рассылки freebsd-announce@freebsd.org.</p>
+
+    <p>Ожидается еще как минимум один релиз из ветви RELENG_5, а
+      скорее всего их будет два.  В настоящее время имеются планы
+      по созданию ветви RELENG_6 в течение следующих нескольких
+      месяцев, за этим через несколько месяцев последует выпуск
+      первого 6.0-RELEASE.  5.5-RELEASE выйдет через несколько
+      месяцев после 6.0-RELEASE.</p>
+
+    <p>Более подробная информация о подготовке релизов FreeBSD
+      доступна по адресу:</p>
+
+    <p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/" shape="rect">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/</a></p>
+
+    <h2>Посвящение</h2>
+
+    <p>Релиз FreeBSD 5.4 мы посвящаем памяти Кэмерона Гранта (Cameron
+      Grant).  Кэмерон был активным разработчиком FreeBSD и ведущим
+      архитектором подсистемы звуковых драйверов, несмотря на проблемы
+      со здоровьем.  Он стал отличным примером превосходства
+      человеческого духа над неблагоприятными обстоятельствами.  Он
+      вдохновлял тех, кто встречался с ним; мы будем с теплом вспоминать
+      о нем и очень скучать по нему.</p>
+
+    <h2>Доступность</h2>
+
+    <p>FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE поддерживает архитектуры i386, amd64, ia64, pc98,
+      sparc64 и alpha, и может быть установлен непосредственно через сеть,
+      с использованием загрузочного носителя, или скопирован с локального
+      NFS/FTP сервера.  На момент анонса доступны дистрибутивы для всех
+      архитектур за исключением alpha.  Дистрибутив для alpha должен
+      появиться через день или два после анонса.</p>
+
+    <p>Пожалуйста, продолжайте поддержку проекта FreeBSD путем покупки
+      дистрибутивов от одного из наших распространителей.  Следующие компании
+      предлагают основанные на FreeBSD 5.4 продукты:</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><p>FreeBSD Mall, Inc.
+	  <tt><a href="http://www.freebsdmall.com/" shape="rect">http://www.freebsdmall.com/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p>Daemonnews, Inc.
+          <tt><a href="http://www.bsdmall.com/freebsd1.html" shape="rect">http://www.bsdmall.com/freebsd1.html</a></tt></p></li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>
+      Другим способом получения FreeBSD является загрузка с зеркал.  Мы не можем
+      гарантировать, что на всех зеркалах будут размещены образы ISO, но
+      на момент анонса они как минимум будут доступны с нижеприведенных
+      сайтов.  Контрольные суммы для образов дисков помещены в конец этого
+      сообщения.</p>
+
+    <h2>Bittorrent</h2>
+
+    <p>Как и для релиза 5.3, мы продолжаем экспериментировать с Bittorrent.
+      Коллекция для ISO образов релиза доступна по адресу</p>
+
+    <p><tt><a href="http://people.freebsd.org/~kensmith/5.4-torrent/" shape="rect">http://people.freebsd.org/~kensmith/5.4-torrent/</a></tt></p>
+
+    <h2>FTP</h2>
+
+    <p>На момент анонса FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE доступен со следующих
+      зеркал.</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp3.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp3.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp5.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp5.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.at.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.at.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.ch.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.ch.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.ee.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.ee.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.es.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.es.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.fi.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.fi.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.fr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.fr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.ie.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.ie.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.is.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.is.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp5.pl.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp5.pl.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp3.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp3.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.se.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.se.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.si.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.si.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.tw.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.tw.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp5.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp5.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>FreeBSD также доступна с анонимного FTP через зеркала в следующих
+      странах и территориях: Аргентина, Австралия, Бразилия, Канада, Китай,
+      Хорватия, Чешская республика, Дания, Эстония, Финляндия, Франция,
+      Германия, Греция, Гонконг, Венгрия, Исландия, Индонезия, Ирландия,
+      Италия, Япония, Корея, Литва, Нидерланды, Новая Зеландия, Норвегия,
+      Польша, Португалия, Румыния, Россия, Саудовская Аравия, Сингапур,
+      Словацкая Республика, Словения, Южная Африка, Испания, Швеция,
+      Швейцария, Тайвань, Турция, Украина, Великобритания и Соединенные
+      Штаты.</p>
+
+    <p>Перед тем, как воспользоваться центральным FTP сайтом, проверьте
+      региональные зеркала, начиная с:</p>
+
+    <p>ftp://ftp.&lt;yourdomain&gt;.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD</p>
+
+    <p>Любые дополнительные зеркальные сайты будут называться ftp2, ftp3
+       и так далее.</p>
+
+    <p>Дополнительную информацию о зеркалах FreeBSD можно найти по адресу:</p>
+
+    <p><tt><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html" shape="rect">
+      http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html</a></tt></p>
+
+    <p>За инструкциями по установке FreeBSD, обращайтесь к главе 2 Руководства
+      FreeBSD.  В ней находится полный обзор установки для новых пользователей
+      FreeBSD, документ доступен онлайн по следующему адресу:</p>
+
+    <p><tt><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html" shape="rect">
+	http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html</a></tt></p>
+
+    <h2>Благодарности</h2>
+
+    <p>Наибольших благодарностей заслуживают разработчики FreeBSD.
+      Без их усилий FreeBSD не могла бы существовать.</p>
+
+    <p>Многие компании предоставили оборудование, доступ к сети, или
+      человеко-часы в порядке финансирования выпуска релиза FreeBSD 5.4,
+      в том числе FreeBSD Mall, Hewlett Packard, Yahoo!, Sentex
+      Communications, Sandvine, Inc., FreeBSD Systems, Inc, и
+      NTT/Verio.</p>
+
+    <p>Группа подготовки 5.4-RELEASE включает:</p>
+
+    <table border="0">
+      <tbody>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scott Long &lt;<a href="mailto:scottl@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">scottl@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Подготовка релиза</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Robert Watson &lt;<a href="mailto:rwatson@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">rwatson@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Подготовка релиза, безопасность</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">John Baldwin &lt;<a href="mailto:jhb@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">jhb@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Подготовка релиза</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ken Smith &lt;<a href="mailto:kensmith@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">kensmith@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Подготовка релиза, сборка релиза I386, AMD64 и sparc64,
+	    координация сайтов зеркал</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hiroki Sato &lt;<a href="mailto:hrs@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">hrs@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Подготовка релиза, документация</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Doug White &lt;<a href="mailto:dwhite@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">dwhite@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Подготовка релиза</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Murray Stokely &lt;<a href="mailto:murray@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">murray@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Подготовка релиза, документация.</td>
+	</tr>
+
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wilko Bulte &lt;<a href="mailto:wilko@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">wilko@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Сборка релиза alpha</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marcel Moolenaar &lt;<a href="mailto:marcel@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">marcel@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Сборка релиза ia64</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Takahashi Yoshihiro &lt;<a href="mailto:nyan@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">nyan@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Сборка релиза pc98</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kris Kennaway &lt;<a href="mailto:kris@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">kris@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Сборка пакетов</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Joe Marcus Clarke &lt;<a href="mailto:marcus@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">marcus@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Сборка пакетов</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Jacques A. Vidrine &lt;<a href="mailto:nectar@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">nectar@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Офицер безопасности</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Paul Saab &lt;<a href="mailto:ps@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">ps@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bittorrent координация</td>
+	</tr>
+
+      </tbody>
+    </table>
+
+    <h2>Контрольные суммы образов CD</h2>
+
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso) = 6882dd5ce59cda1ba4a66ef45f017597
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso) = 26bca75d799c0a1690c6ae0bf0886234
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-amd64-disc2.iso) = 3da9debeae15a49158b01b1d92843fbc
+
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-i386-bootonly.iso) = 2afe65af7e7b994c3ce87cefda27352e
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-i386-disc1.iso) = 3dbb37485535e129354bc099e24aed99
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-i386-disc2.iso) = e4b748415ca783fce64cfafd6bd56f57
+
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-ia64-bootonly.iso) = 45b032bf952e7ea8b2c42f94c3fa4997
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-ia64-disc1.iso) = 2b1ad22da2ea0fe86345c99590049ebd
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-ia64-disc2.iso) = 62e589928628453f1813db7402b4f3ad
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-ia64-livefs.iso) = 6c05d71c36d84179923668faddf58e43
+
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-pc98-disc1.iso) = 003dee8647e9b2cbca7df0d92011800f
+
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-sparc64-bootonly.iso) = 91cb2304c2ecbcce0b312738649ba88d
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-sparc64-disc1.iso) = 5f77c9a20e09d5ef66fad9c60e17c2ac
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-sparc64-disc2.iso) = 7da34a32ca8196a34732548fe92d71e6
+</pre>
+
+  </div>
+          <br class="clearboth" />
+        </div>
+        <div id="footer"><span><a href="../../search/index-site.html">Карта сайта</a> |
+  <a href="../../copyright/">Условия использования</a> | © 1995-2014
+  Проект FreeBSD. Все права защищены.</span><br />
+      Last modified:  2013-11-13</div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/errata.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/errata.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a5ba5f876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/errata.html
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Список проблем FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Список проблем FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/errata/article.sgml,v 1.1.2.5
+2005/05/11 09:11:12 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
+<p>FreeBSD это зарегистрированная торговая марка FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
+
+<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium и Xeon это торговые марки
+или зарегистрированные торговые марки Intel Corporation или ее дочерних компаний в
+Соединенных Штатах и других странах.</p>
+
+<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, и UltraSPARC это торговые марки SPARC International, Inc
+в Соединенных Штатах и других странах. Продукты с торговой маркой SPARC основаны на
+архитектуре, разработанной Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>Многие из обозначений, используемые производителями и продавцами для обозначения своих
+продуктов, заявляются в качестве торговых марок. Когда такие обозначения появляются в
+этом документе, и Проекту FreeBSD известно о торговой марке, к обозначению добавляется
+знак ``(TM)'' или ``(R)''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN21" name="AEN21"></a>
+<p>В этом документе находится список проблем FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE, содержащий важную
+информацию, полученную после релиза или на поздней стадии выпуска релиза и не попавшую в
+документацию на релиз. Эта информация включает сообщения безопасности, а также новости,
+относящиеся к программному обеспечению и документации, которые могут повлиять на
+использование системы. Перед установкой этой версии FreeBSD необходимо сверяться с
+обновленной версией этого документа.</p>
+
+<p>Этот список проблем FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE будет поддерживаться до FreeBSD
+5.5-RELEASE.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>Этот документ содержит последние новости об FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE. Перед установкой этой
+версии необходимо проконсультироваться с данным документом для получения информации о
+обнаруженных после выпуска релиза проблемах, которые уже могли быть найдены и
+исправлены.</p>
+
+<p>Любая версия этого документа, распространяемая с релизом (например, на CDROM
+дистрибутиве), уже устарела по определению, но другие копии обновляются в интернет и их
+необходимо прочесть как ``текущие сообщения о проблемах'' этого релиза. Эти копии
+находятся на <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/</a> и на любых сайтах, поддерживающих
+обновляемые зеркала этой страницы.</p>
+
+<p>Снэпшоты в исходных текстах и бинарные снэпшоты FreeBSD 5-STABLE также содержат
+обновленные копии этого документа (на время создания снэпшота).</p>
+
+<p>За списком всех сообщений безопасности FreeBSD CERT обращайтесь к <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/security/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/security/</a> или <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/"
+target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2. Сообщения безопасности</a></h2>
+
+<p>Нет сообщений.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="OPEN-ISSUES" name="OPEN-ISSUES">3. Актуальные проблемы</a></h2>
+
+<p>Нет сообщений.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LATE-NEWS" name="LATE-NEWS">4. Последние новости</a></h2>
+
+<p>Нет новостей.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/snapshots/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/snapshots/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-alpha.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-alpha.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96e60e880e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-alpha.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5921 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/alpha 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/alpha
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект документирования FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>Содержание</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">Введение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#SUPPORT-PROC">Supported processors and motherboards</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#AEN29">Overview</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#AEN45">In general, what do you need to run FreeBSD on an
+Alpha?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#AEN105">System-specific information</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#AEN110">AXPpci33 (``NoName'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.2. <a href="#AEN185">Universal Desktop Box (UDB or ``Multia'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.3. <a href="#AEN274">Personal Workstation (``Miata'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.4. <a href="#AEN384">Evaluation Board 64 family</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.5. <a href="#AEN439">Evaluation Board 164 (``EB164, PC164, PC164LX, PC164SX'')
+family</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.6. <a href="#AEN508">AlphaStation 200 (``Mustang'') and 400 (``Avanti'')
+series</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.7. <a href="#AEN575">AlphaStation 500 and 600 (``Alcor'' &#38; ``Maverick'' for
+EV5, ``Bret'' for EV56)</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.8. <a href="#AEN687">AlphaServer 1000 (``Mikasa''), 1000A (``Noritake'') and
+800(``Corelle'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.9. <a href="#AEN743">DS10/VS10/XP900 (``Webbrick'') / XP1000 (``Monet'') / DS10L
+(``Slate'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.10. <a href="#AEN894">DS20/DS20E (``Goldrush'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.11. <a href="#AEN963">AlphaPC 264DP / UP2000</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.12. <a href="#AEN1009">AlphaServer 2000 (``DemiSable''), 2100 (``Sable''), 2100A
+(``Lynx'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.13. <a href="#AEN1080">AlphaServer 4x00 (``Rawhide'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.14. <a href="#AEN1113">AlphaServer 1200 (``Tincup'') and AlphaStation 1200
+(``DaVinci'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.15. <a href="#AEN1143">AlphaServer 8200 and 8400 (``TurboLaser'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.16. <a href="#AEN1186">Alpha Processor Inc. UP1000</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.17. <a href="#AEN1235">Alpha Processor Inc. UP1100</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.18. <a href="#AEN1283">Alpha Processor Inc. CS20, Compaq DS20L</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.19. <a href="#AEN1330">Compaq AlphaServer ES40 (``Clipper'')</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#AEN1367">Supported Hardware Overview</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#AEN1399">Acknowledgments</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">Поддерживаемые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">Контроллеры дисков</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#TOKENRING">Token Ring интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#ATM">ATM интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#WLAN">Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">Различные сетевые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#SERIAL">Последовательные интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#AUDIO">Аудио устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#CAMERA">Камеры и устройства видеозахвата</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#USB">Устройства USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">Криптографические акселераторы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.16. <a href="#MISC">Другие устройства</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этом документе находится информация об аппаратной совместимости для FreeBSD
+5.4-RELEASE на аппаратной платформе Alpha/AXP упоминаемой также как FreeBSD/alpha
+5.4-RELEASE). В этом списке находятся устройства, работающие на данной платформе, а также
+информация об отдельных настройках загрузки ядра, которые могут быть полезны при
+включении поддержки новых устройств.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> В этот документ включена информация, специфичная для аппаратной
+платформы Alpha/AXP. Версии информации об оборудовании для других архитектур будут
+отличаться в некоторых деталях.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT-PROC" name="SUPPORT-PROC">2. Supported processors and
+motherboards</a></h2>
+
+<i class="AUTHORGROUP"><span class="CONTRIB">Maintained by</span> Wilko Bulte.</i> 
+
+<p>Additions, corrections and constructive criticism are invited. In particular,
+information on system quirks is more than welcome.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN29" name="AEN29">2.1. Overview</a></h3>
+
+<p>This document tries to provide a starting point for those who want to run FreeBSD on
+an Alpha-based machine. It is aimed at providing background information on the various
+hardware designs. It is not a replacement for the systems manuals.</p>
+
+<p>The information is structured as follows:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>general hardware requirements to run FreeBSD on alpha;</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>system specific information for each of the systems/boards supported by FreeBSD;</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>information on expansion boards for FreeBSD, including things that differ from what is
+in the generic supported hardware list.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> You will see references to DEC, Digital Equipment Corporation and
+Compaq used more or less interchangeably. Now that Compaq has acquired Digital Equipment
+it would be more correct to refer to Compaq only. To be completely politically correct
+given that Hewlett Packard in turn has acquired Compaq I probably should be using HP
+everywhere. Given the fact that you will see the mix of names everywhere, I don't
+bother.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> SRM commands will be in <kbd class="USERINPUT">UPPER CASE</kbd>.
+Lower case input is also acceptable to SRM. Upper case is used for clarity.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN45" name="AEN45">2.2. In general, what do you need to run
+FreeBSD on an Alpha?</a></h3>
+
+<p>Obviously you will need an Alpha machine that FreeBSD knows about. Alpha machines are
+NOT like PCs. There are considerable differences between the various core logic chip sets
+and mainboard designs. This means that a kernel needs to know the intimate details of a
+particular machine before it can run on it. Throwing some odd <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel at unknown hardware is almost guaranteed to fail
+miserably.</p>
+
+<p>For a machine even to be considered for FreeBSD use please make sure it has the SRM
+console firmware installed. Or at least make sure that SRM console firmware is available
+for the particular machine type. If FreeBSD does not currently support your machine type,
+there is a good chance that this will change at some point in time, assuming SRM is
+available. All bets are off when SRM console firmware is not available.</p>
+
+<p>Machines with the ARC or AlphaBIOS console firmware were intended for WindowsNT. Some
+have SRM console firmware available in the system ROMs which you only have to select (via
+an ARC or AlphaBIOS menu). In other cases you will have to re-flash the ROMs with SRM
+code. Check on http://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Alpha/firmware to see what is available for
+your particular system. In any case: no SRM means <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">no</i></span> FreeBSD (or NetBSD, OpenBSD, Tru64 Unix or OpenVMS for
+that matter). With the demise of WindowsNT/alpha a lot of former NT boxes are sold on the
+second hand market. They have little or no trade-in value when they are NT-only from the
+console firmware perspective. So, be suspicious if the price appears too good.</p>
+
+<p>Known non-SRM machines are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Digital XL series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital XLT series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Samsung PC164UX (``Ruffian'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Samsung 164B</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Machines that have SRM but are not supported by FreeBSD are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DECpc 150 (``Jensen'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC 2000/300 (``Jensen'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC 2000/500 (``Culzean'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AXPvme series (``Medulla'')</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>To complicate things a bit further: Digital used to have so called ``white-box'' Alpha
+machines destined as NT-only and ``blue-box'' Alpha machines destined for OpenVMS and
+Digital Unix. These names are based on the color of the cabinets, ``FrostWhite'' and
+``TopGunBlue'' respectively. Although you could put the SRM console firmware on a
+whitebox, OpenVMS and Digital Unix will refuse to boot on them. FreeBSD in
+post-4.0-RELEASE will run on both the white and the blue-box variants. Before someone
+asks: the white ones had a rather different (read: cheaper) Digital price tag.</p>
+
+<p>As part of the SRM you will get the so called OSF/1 PAL code (OSF/1 being the initial
+name of Digital's UNIX offering on Alpha). The PAL code can be thought of as a software
+abstraction layer between the hardware and the operating system. It uses normal CPU
+instruction plus a handful of privileged instructions specific for PAL use. PAL is not
+microcode. The ARC console firmware contains a different PAL code, geared towards WinNT
+and in no way suitable for use by FreeBSD (or more generic: Unix or OpenVMS). Before
+someone asks: Linux/alpha brings its own PAL code, allowing it to boot on ARC and
+AlphaBIOS. There are various reasons why this is not a very good idea in the eyes of the
+*BSD folks. I don't want to go into details here. If you are interested in the gory
+details search the FreeBSD and NetBSD web sites.</p>
+
+<p>There is another pitfall ahead: you will need a disk adapter that the SRM console
+firmware recognizes in order to be able to boot from a disk. What is acceptable to SRM as
+a boot adapter is unfortunately highly system and SRM version dependent. For older PCI
+based machines it means you will need either a NCR/Symbios 53C810 based adapter, or a
+Qlogic 1020/1040 based adapter. Some machines come with a SCSI chip embedded on the
+mainboard. Newer machine designs and SRM versions will be able to work with more modern
+SCSI chips/adapters. Check out the machine specific info below. Please note that the rest
+of this discussion only refers to Symbios chips, this is meant to include the older chips
+that still have NCR stamped on them. Symbios bought NCR sometime.</p>
+
+<p>The problem might bite those who have machines that started their lives as WindowsNT
+boxes. The ARC or AlphaBIOS knows about <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">other</i></span> adapter types that it can boot from than the SRM. For
+example you can boot from an Adaptec 2940UW with ARC/AlphaBios but (generally) not with
+SRM. Some newer machine types have introduced Adaptec boot support. Please consult the
+machine specific section for details.</p>
+
+<p>Most adapters that cannot be booted from work fine for data-only disks. The
+differences between SRM and ARC could also get you pre-packaged IDE CDROMs and hard
+drives in some (former WindowsNT) systems. SRM versions exist (depends on the machine
+type) that can boot from IDE disks and CDROMs. Check the machine specific section for
+details.</p>
+
+<p>In order to be bootable the root partition (partition a) must be at offset 0 of the
+disk drive. This means you have to use the installer's partitioning menu and start with
+assigning partition a at offset 0 to the root partition. Subsequently layout the rest of
+the partitions to your liking. If you do not adhere to this rule the install will proceed
+just fine, but the system will not be bootable from the freshly installed disk. Note that
+fdisk is not used on FreeBSD running on Alpha, disks are directly labeled using
+disklabel.</p>
+
+<p>If you don't have/want a local disk drive you can boot via the Ethernet. This assumes
+an Ethernet adapter/chip that is recognized by the SRM console. Generally speaking this
+boils down to either a 21040 or 21142 or 21143 based Ethernet interface. Older machines
+or SRM versions may not recognize the 21142 / 21143 Fast Ethernet chips, you are then
+limited to using 10Mbit Ethernet for net booting those machines. Non-DEC cards based on
+said chips will generally (but are not guaranteed to) work. Note that Intel took over the
+21x4x chips when it bought Digital Semiconductor. So you might see an Intel logo on them
+these days. Recent machine designs have SRM support for Intel 8255x Ethernet chips.</p>
+
+<p>Alpha machines can be run with SRM on a graphics console or on a serial console. ARC
+can also be run on a serial consoles if need be. VT100 emulation with 8 bit controls
+should at least allow you to switch from ARC/AlphaBIOS to SRM mode without having to
+install a graphics card first.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to run your Alpha machine without a monitor/graphics card just don't
+connect a keyboard/mouse to the machine. Instead hook up a serial terminal[emulator] to
+serial port #1. The SRM will talk 9600N81 to you. This can also be really practical for
+debugging purposes. Beware: some/most (?) SRMs will also present you with a console
+prompt at serial port #2. The booting kernel, however, will display the boot messages on
+serial port #1 and will also put the console there. <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">This can be extremely confusing.</i></span></p>
+
+<p>Most PCI based Alphas can use ordinary PC-type VGA cards. The SRM contains enough
+smarts to make that work. It does not, however, mean that each and every PCI VGA card out
+on the street will work in an Alpha machine. Things like S3 Trio64, Mach64, and Matrox
+Millennium generally work. Old ET4000 based ISA cards have also worked for me. But ask
+around first before buying.</p>
+
+<p>Most PCI devices from the PC-world will also work in FreeBSD PCI-based machines. Check
+the <tt class="FILENAME">/sys/alpha/conf/GENERIC</tt> file for the latest word on this.
+Check the appropriate machine type's discussion in case you want to use PCI cards that
+have PCI bridge chips on them. In some cases you might encounter problems with PCI cards
+not handling PCI parity correctly. This can lead to panics. PCI parity checking can be
+disabled using the following SRM command:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET PCI_PARITY OFF</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>This is not a FreeBSD problem, all operating systems running on Alpha hardware will
+need this workaround.</p>
+
+<p>If your system (also) contains EISA expansion slots you will need to run the EISA
+Configuration Utility (ECU) after you have installed EISA cards or after you have
+upgraded your console firmware.</p>
+
+<p>For Alpha CPUs you will find multiple generations. The original Alpha design is the
+21064. It was produced in a chip process called MOS4, chips made in this process are
+nicknamed EV4. Newer CPUs are 21164, 21264 etc. You will see designations like EV4S,
+EV45, EV5, EV56, EV6, EV67, EV68. The EVs with double digit numbers are slightly improved
+versions. For example EV45 has an improved FPU and 16 kByte on-chip separate I &amp; D
+caches compared to the EV4 on which it is based. Rule of thumb: the higher the digit
+immediately following ``EV'' the more desirable (read: faster / more modern).</p>
+
+<p>For memory you want at least 32 Mbytes. I have had FreeBSD run on a 16 Mbyte system
+but you will not enjoy that. Kernel build times halved when I went to 32 Mbytes. Note
+that the SRM console steals 2Mbyte from the total system memory (and keeps it). For more
+serious work 64 Mbytes or more are recommended. Although Alpha machines typically can
+accomodate large to very large physical memory sizes, FreeBSD is limited to 1 or 2 Gbytes
+(dependent on the core chipset) of RAM. This restriction is due to the current
+implementation of the VM system.</p>
+
+<p>While on the subject of memory: pay close attention to the type of memory your machine
+uses. There are very different memory configurations and requirements for the various
+machines.</p>
+
+<p>Final word: I expect the above to sound a bit daunting to the first-time Alpha user.
+Don't be daunted too much. And do feel free to ask questions if something is not clear
+after reading this document.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN105" name="AEN105">2.3. System-specific information</a></h3>
+
+<p>Below is an overview of the hardware that FreeBSD runs on. This list will definitely
+grow, a look in <tt class="FILENAME">/sys/alpha/conf/GENERIC</tt> can be
+enlightening.</p>
+
+<p>Alpha machines are often best known by their project code name. Where known these are
+listed below in parentheses.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN110" name="AEN110">2.3.1. AXPpci33 (``NoName'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The NoName is a baby-AT mainboard based on the 21066 LCA (Low Cost Alpha) processor.
+NoName was originally designed for OEM-use. The LCA chip includes almost all of the logic
+to drive a PCI bus and the memory subsystem. All of this makes for a low-priced
+design.</p>
+
+<p>Due to the limited memory interface the system is not particularly fast in case of
+cache misses. As long as you stay inside the on-chip cache the CPU is comparable to a
+21064 (first generation Alpha). These boards should be very cheap to obtain these days.
+It is a full-fledged 64 bit CPU, just don't expect miracles as far as speed goes.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21066 Alpha CPU at 166 MHz or 21066A CPU at 233MHz. 21068 CPUs are also possible, but
+are even slower.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 0, 256k or 1 Mbyte (uses DIL chips)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port OR 5pin DIN keyboard (2 mainboard models)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>bus width: 64 bits</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style 72 pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>70ns or better</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in pairs of 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>4 SIMM sockets</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>512kB Flash ROM for the console code.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 embedded IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3 32 bit PCI slots (1 shared with ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>5 ISA slots (1 shared with PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Fast SCSI using a Symbios 53C810 chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>NoNames can either have SRM <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">or</i></span>
+ARC console firmware in their Flash ROM. The Flash ROM is not big enough to hold both ARC
+and SRM at the same time and allow software selection of alternate console code. But you
+only need SRM anyway.</p>
+
+<p>Cache for the NoNames are 15 or 20 ns DIL chips. For a 256 kByte cache you want to
+check your junked 486 mainboard. Chips for a 1 Mbyte cache are a rarer breed
+unfortunately. Getting at least a 256kByte cache is recommended performance wise.
+Cache-less they are really slow.</p>
+
+<p>The NoName mainboard has a PC/AT-standard power connector. It also has a power
+connector for 3.3 Volts. No need to rush out to get a new power supply. The 3.3 Volts is
+only needed in case you run 3.3 Volts PCI expansion boards. These are quite rare.</p>
+
+<p>The IDE interface is supported by FreeBSD and requires a line in the kernel
+configuration file as follows:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device ata
+</pre>
+
+<p>The ATA interface uses irq 14.</p>
+
+<p>The SRM console unfortunately <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">cannot
+boot</i></span> from IDE disks. This means you will have to use a SCSI disk as the boot
+device.</p>
+
+<p>The NoName is somewhat stubborn when it comes to serial consoles. It needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt; <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE SERIAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>before it goes for a serial console. Pulling the keyboard from the machine is not
+sufficient, like it is on most other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical console
+needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt; <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>at the serial console.</p>
+
+<p>There have been reports that you sometimes need to press <b
+class="KEYCAP">Control</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Del</b> to capture
+the SRM's attention. I have never seen this myself, but it is worth trying if you are
+greeted by a blank screen after powerup.</p>
+
+<p>Make sure you use true 36 bit SIMMs, and only FPM (Fast Page Mode) DRAM. EDO DRAM or
+SIMMs with fake parity <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">will not
+work</i></span>. The board uses the 4 extra bits for ECC. 33 bit FPM SIMMs will for the
+same reason not work.</p>
+
+<p>Given the choice, get the PS/2-variant mainboard. Apart from giving you a mouse port
+as bonus it is directly supported by Tru64 Unix in case you ever want or need to run it.
+The ``DIN-plug''-variant should work OK for FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/axppci/design_guide.ps" target="_top">OEM
+manual</a> is recommended reading.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel configuration file for a NoName kernel must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_AXPPCI_33           
+cpu EV4
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN185" name="AEN185">2.3.2. Universal Desktop Box (UDB or
+``Multia'')</a></h4>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Multia can be either Intel or Alpha CPU based. We assume Alpha based
+ones here for obvious reasons.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Multia is a small desktop box intended as a sort of personal workstation. They come in
+a considerable number of variations, check closely what you get.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21066 Alpha CPU at 166 MHz or 21066A CPU at 233MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: COAST-like 256 kByte cache module; 233MHz models have
+512kByte of cache; 166MHz models have soldered-on 256kB caches</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>bus width: 64 bits</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style 72 pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>70ns or better</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIMMs are installed in pairs of 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>4 SIMM sockets</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 embedded 21040 based 10Mbit Ethernet, AUI and 10base2 connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>1 32 bit PCI slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 PCMCIA slots</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Crystal CS4231 or AD1848 sound chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Fast SCSI, using a Symbios 53C810[A] chip on the PCI riser card</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Multia has enough Flash ROM to store both SRM and ARC code at the same time and allow
+software selection of one of them.</p>
+
+<p>The embeded TGA video adapter is <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> currently usable as a FreeBSD console. You will need to
+use a serial console.</p>
+
+<p>Multia has only one 32 bit PCI slot for expansion, and it is only suitable for a small
+form factor PCI card. By sacrificing the PCI slot space you can mount a 3.5&quot; hard
+disk drive. Mounting stuff may have come with your Multia. Adding a 3.5&quot; disk is
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> a recommended upgrade due to
+the limited power rating of the power supply and the extremely marginal cooling of the
+system box.</p>
+
+<p>Multia also has 2 PCMCIA expansion slots. These are currently not supported by
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>The CPU might or might not be socketed, check this before considering CPU upgrade
+hacks. The low-end Multias have a soldered-in CPU.</p>
+
+<p>Multia has 2 serial ports but routes both of them to the outside world on a single 25
+pin sub-D connector. The Multia FAQ explains how to build your own Y-cable to allow both
+ports to be used.</p>
+
+<p>Although the Multia SRM supports booting from floppy this can be problematic.
+Typically the errors look like:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+*** Soft Error - Error #10 - FDC: Data overrun or underrun
+</pre>
+
+<p>This is not a FreeBSD problem, it is a SRM problem. The best available workaround to
+install FreeBSD is to boot from a SCSI CDROM.</p>
+
+<p>There have been reports that you sometimes need to press <b
+class="KEYCAP">Control</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Del</b> to capture
+the SRM's attention. I have never seen this myself, but it is worth trying when you are
+greeted by a blank screen after powerup.</p>
+
+<p>Sound works fine using <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+and a line in the kernel configuration file as follows for the Crystal CS4231 chip:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device pcm
+</pre>
+
+<p>The sound device lives at port 0x530, and uses irq 9 along with drq 3. You also need
+to specify flags 0x15 in the <tt class="FILENAME">device.hints</tt> file.</p>
+
+<p>I have not yet been successful in getting my Multia with the AD1848 to play any
+sound.</p>
+
+<p>While verifying playback I was reminded of the lack of CPU power of the 166MHz CPU.
+MP3 only plays acceptable using 22kHz down-sampling.</p>
+
+<p>Multias are somewhat notorious for dying of heat strokes. The very compact box does
+not really allow access to cooling air. Please use the Multia on its vertical stand,
+don't put it horizontally (``pizza style''). Replacing the fan with something which
+pushes around more air is really recommended. You can also cut one of the wires to the
+fan speed sensor. Once cut, the fan runs at a (loud) full speed. Beware of PCI cards with
+high power consumption. If your system has died you might want to check the
+Multia-Heat-Death pages at the <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/" target="_top">NetBSD Web
+site</a> for help in reviving it.</p>
+
+<p>The Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge enables the use of an IDE disk. This requires a
+line in the kernel configuration file as follows:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device ata
+</pre>
+
+<p>The ATA interface uses IRQ 14.</p>
+
+<p>The IDE connector pin spacing is thought for 2.5&quot; laptop disks. A 3.5&quot; IDE
+disk would not fit in the case anyway. At least not without sacrificing your only PCI
+slot. The SRM console unfortunately does not know how to boot from IDE disks. You will
+need to use a SCSI disk as the boot disk.</p>
+
+<p>In case you want to change the internal hard drive: the internal flat cable running
+from the PCI riser board to the <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">2.5&quot;</i></span> hard drive has a finer pitch than the standard SCSI
+flat cables. Otherwise it would not fit on the 2.5&quot; drives. There are also riser
+cards that have a standard-pitch SCSI cable attached to it, which will fit an ordinary
+SCSI disk.</p>
+
+<p>Again, I recommend against trying to cram a replacement hard disk inside. Use the
+external SCSI connector and put your disk in an external enclosure. Multias run hot
+enough as-is. In most cases you will have the external high density 50-pin SCSI connector
+but some Multia models came without disk and may lack the connector. Something to check
+before buying one.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel configuration file for a Multia kernel must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_AXPPCI_33
+cpu EV4
+</pre>
+
+<p>Recommended reading on Multia can be found at <a
+href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/alpha/multiafaq.html"
+target="_top">http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/alpha/multiafaq.html</a> or <a
+href="http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/computers/udb.html"
+target="_top">http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/computers/udb.html</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN274" name="AEN274">2.3.3. Personal Workstation
+(``Miata'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The Miata is a small tower machine intended to be put under a desk. There are multiple
+Miata variants. The original Miata is the MX5 model. Because it suffers from a number of
+hardware design flaws a redesign was done, yielding the MiataGL. Unfortunately the
+variants are not easily distinguishable at first sight from the outside of the case. An
+easy check is to see if the back of the machine sports two USB connectors. If yes, it is
+a MiataGL. MX5 models tend to be more common in the used system market place.</p>
+
+<p>System designations look like ``Personal Workstation 433a''. Personal Workstation,
+being a bit of a mouthful, is often abbreviated to PWS. This means it has a 433 MHz CPU,
+and started life as a WinNT workstation (the trailing ``a''). Systems designated from day
+1 to run Tru64 Unix or OpenVMS will sport ``433au''. WinNT-Miatas are likely to come
+pre-configured with an IDE CDROM drive. So, in general systems are named like
+PWS[433,500,600]a[u].</p>
+
+<p>There was also a Miata model with a special CPU cooling system by Kryotech. The
+Kryotech has a special cooling system and is housed in a different enclosure.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164A EV56 Alpha CPU at 433, 500 or 600MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21174 core logic (``Pyxis'') chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L3 cache: 0, 2 or 4 Mbytes (uses a cache module)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>bus width: 128 bits wide, ECC protected</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>unbuffered 72 bit wide SDRAMs DIMMs, installed in pairs of 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>6 DIMM sockets</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>maximum memory 1.5 GBytes</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Fast Ethernet:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MX5 uses a 21142 or 21143 Ethernet chip, dependent on the version of the PCI riser
+card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MiataGL has a 21143 chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>the bulkhead can be 10/100 Mbit UTP, or 10 Mbit UTP/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 on-board [E]IDE disk interfaces, based on the CMD646 (MX5) or the Cypress 82C693
+(MiataGL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 Ultra-Wide SCSI Qlogic 1040 [MiataGL only]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 64-bit PCI slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 32-bit PCI slots (behind a DEC PCI-PCI bridge chip)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 ISA slots (physically shared with the 32 bit PCI slots, via an Intel 82378IB PCI to
+ISA bridge chip)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB interface [MiataGL only]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded sound based on an ESS1888 chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The Miata logic is divided into two printed circuit boards. The lower board in the
+bottom of the machine has the PCI and ISA slots and things like the sound chip etc. The
+top board has the CPU, the Pyxis chip, memory etc. Note that MX5 and the MiataGL use a
+different PCI riser board. This means that you cannot just upgrade to a MiataGL CPU board
+(with the newer Pyxis chip) but that you will also need a different riser board.
+Apparently an MX5 riser with a MiataGL CPU board will work but it is definitely not a
+supported or tested configuration. Everything else (cabinet, wiring, etc.) is identical
+for MX5 and MiataGL.</p>
+
+<p>MX5 has problems with DMA via the 2 64-bit PCI slots when this DMA crosses a page
+boundary. The 32 bit slots don't have this problem because the PCI-PCI bridge chip does
+not allow the offending transfers. The SRM code knows about the problem and refuses to
+start the system if there is a PCI card in one of the 64bit slots that it does not know
+about. Cards that are ``known good'' to the SRM are allowed to be used in the 64bit
+slots.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to fool the SRM you can type <kbd class="USERINPUT">set
+pci_device_override</kbd> at the SRM prompt. Just don't complain if your data
+mysteriously gets mangled.</p>
+
+<p>The complete command is:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>&lt;vendor_id&gt;</i></tt><tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>&lt;device_id&gt;</i></tt></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>For example:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE 88c15333</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>The most radical approach is to use:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE -1</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>This disables PCI ID checking altogether, so that you can install any PCI card without
+its ID getting checked. For this to work you need a reasonable current SRM version.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Do this on your own risk..</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The FreeBSD kernel reports it when it sees a buggy Pyxis chip:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: Pyxis, pass 1
+Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: extended capabilities: 1&lt;BWEN&gt;
+Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: WARNING: Pyxis pass 1 DMA bug; no bets...
+</pre>
+
+<p>A MiataGL probes as:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+Jan  3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: cia0: Pyxis, pass 1
+Jan  3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: cia0: extended capabilities: 1&lt;BWEN&gt;
+Jan  3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: pcib0: &lt;2117x PCI host bus adapter&gt; on cia0
+</pre>
+
+<p>MiataGL does not have the DMA problems of the MX5. PCI cards that make the MX5 SRM
+choke when installed in the 64bit slots are accepted without problems by the MiataGL
+SRM.</p>
+
+<p>The latest mainboard revisions of MX5 contain a hardware workaround for the bug. The
+SRM does not know about the ECO and will complain about unknown cards as before. So does
+the FreeBSD kernel by the way.</p>
+
+<p>The Miata SRM can boot from IDE CDROM drives. IDE hard disk boot is known to work for
+both MiataGL and MX5 disks, so you can root FreeBSD from an IDE disk. Speeds on MX5 are
+around 14 Mbytes/sec assuming a suitable drive. Miata's CMD646 chip will support up to
+WDMA2 mode as the chip is too buggy for use with UDMA.</p>
+
+<p>Miata MX5s generally use Qlogic 1040 based SCSI adapters. These are bootable by the
+SRM console. Note that Adaptec cards are <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> bootable by the Miata SRM console.</p>
+
+<p>The MiataGL has a faster PCI-PCI bridge chip on the PCI riser card than some of the
+MX5 riser card versions. Some of the MX5 risers have the <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">same</i></span> chip as the MiataGL. All in all there is a lot of
+variation.</p>
+
+<p>Not all VGA cards will work behind the PCI-PCI bridge. This manifests itself as no
+video at all. Workaround is to put the VGA card ``before'' the bridge, in one of the 64
+bit PCI slots. Graphics performance using a 64 bit slot is generally substantially
+better.</p>
+
+<p>Both MX5 and MiataGL have an on-board sound chip, an ESS1888. It emulates a
+SoundBlaster and can be enabled by putting</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device pcm
+device  sbc
+</pre>
+
+<p>in your kernel configuration file:</p>
+
+<p>in case your Miata has the optional cache board installed make sure it is firmly
+seated. A slightly loose cache has been observed to cause weird crashes (not surprising
+obviously, but maybe not so obvious when troubleshooting). The cache module is identical
+between MX5 and MiataGL.</p>
+
+<p>Installing a 2Mb cache module achieves, apart from a 10-15% speed increase (based on
+buildworld elapsed time), a <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">decrease</i></span> for PCI DMA read bandwidth from 64bit PCI cards. A
+benchmark on a 64-bit Myrinet card resulted in a decrease from 149 Mbytes/sec to 115
+Mbytes/sec. Something to keep in mind when doing really high speed things with 64 bit PCI
+adapters.</p>
+
+<p>Although the hardware allows you to install up to 1.5Gbyte of memory, FreeBSD is
+limited to 1Gbyte because the DMA code does not correctly handle memory above 1Gbyte.</p>
+
+<p>Moving to a faster CPU is quite simple, swap out the CPU chip and set the clock
+multiplier dipswitch to the speed of the new CPU.</p>
+
+<p>If you experience SRM errors like</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERROR: scancode 0xa3 not supported on PCXAL
+</pre>
+
+<p>after halting FreeBSD you should update your SRM firmware to V7.2-1 or later. This SRM
+version is first available on the Firmware Update CD V5.7, or on <a
+href="http://www.compaq.com/" target="_top">http://www.compaq.com/</a> This SRM problem
+is fixed on both Miata MX5 and Miata GL.</p>
+
+<p>USB is supported by FreeBSD 4.1 and later.</p>
+
+<p>Disconnect the power cord before dismantling the machine, the soft-power switch keeps
+part of the logic powered <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">even</i></span> when
+the machine is switched off.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel configuration file for a Miata kernel must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST550               
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN384" name="AEN384">2.3.4. Evaluation Board 64 family</a></h4>
+
+<p>In its attempts to popularize the Alpha CPU DEC produced a number of so called
+Evaluation Boards. Members of this family are EB64, EB64+, AlphaPC64 (codename
+``Cabriolet''). A non-DEC member of this family is the Aspen Alpine. The EB64 family of
+evaluation boards has the following feature set:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21064 or 21064A CPU, 150 to 275 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>memory buswidth: 128 bit</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style 72 pin 33 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>70ns or better</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in sets of 4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>8 SIMM sockets</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses parity memory</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bcache / L2 cache: 0, 512 kByte, 1 Mbyte or 2 Mbytes</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21072 (``APECS'') chip set</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge chip (``Saturn'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>dual 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>parallel printer port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios 53C810 Fast-SCSI (not on AlphaPC64)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IDE interface (only on AlphaPC64)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded 10 Mbit Ethernet (not on AlphaPC64)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 PCI slots (4 slots on AlphaPC64)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 ISA slots</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Aspen Alpine is slightly different, but is close enough to the EB64+ to run an EB64+
+SRM EPROM (mine did..). The Aspen Alpine does not have an embedded Ethernet, has 3
+instead of 2 PCI slots. It comes with 2 Mbytes of cache already soldered onto the
+mainboard. It has jumpers to select the use of 60, 70 or 80ns SIMM speeds.</p>
+
+<p>36 bits SIMMs work fine, 3 bits simply remain unused. Note the systems use Fast Page
+Mode memory, not EDO memory.</p>
+
+<p>The EB64+ SRM console code is housed in an UV-erasable EPROM. No easy flash SRM
+upgrades for the EB64+ The latest SRM version available for EB64+ is quite ancient
+anyway.</p>
+
+<p>The EB64+ SRM can boot both 53C810 and Qlogic1040 SCSI adapters. Pitfall for the
+Qlogic is that the firmware that is down-loaded by the SRM onto the Qlogic chip is very
+old. There are no updates for the EB64+ SRM available. So you are stuck with old Qlogic
+bits too. I have had quite some problems when I wanted to use Ultra-SCSI drives on the
+Alpine with Qlogic. The FreeBSD kernel can be compiled to include a much newer Qlogic
+firmware revision. This is not the default because it adds hundreds of kBytes worth of
+bloat to the kernel. In FreeBSD 4.1 and later the isp firmware is contained in a kernel
+loadable module. All of this might mean that you need to use a non-Qlogic adapter to boot
+from.</p>
+
+<p>AlphaPC64 boards generally come with ARC console firmware. SRM console code can be
+loaded from floppy into the Flash ROM.</p>
+
+<p>The IDE interface of the AlphaPC64 is not bootable from the SRM console. Enabling it
+requires the following line in the kernel configuration file:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device ata
+</pre>
+
+<p>The ATA interface uses irq 14.</p>
+
+<p>Note that the boards require a power supply that supplies 3.3 Volts for the CPU.</p>
+
+<p>For the EB64 family machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_EB64PLUS            
+cpu EV4
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN439" name="AEN439">2.3.5. Evaluation Board 164 (``EB164,
+PC164, PC164LX, PC164SX'') family</a></h4>
+
+<p>EB164 is a newer design evaluation board, based on the 21164A CPU. This design has
+been used to ``spin off'' multiple variations, some of which are used by OEM
+manufacturers/assembly shops. Samsung did its own PC164LX which has only 32 bit PCI,
+whereas the Digital variant has 64 bit PCI.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164A, multiple speed variants [EB164, PC164, PC164LX]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21164PC [only on PC164SX]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21171 (Alcor) chip set [EB164]</p>
+
+<p>21172 (Alcor2) chip set [PC164]</p>
+
+<p>21174 (Pyxis) chip [164LX, 164SX]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bcache / L3 cache: EB164 uses special cache-SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bit / 256 bit</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style SIMMs in sets of 4 or 8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>36 bit, Fast Page Mode, uses ECC, [EB164 / PC164]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SDRAM DIMMs in sets of 2, non-ECC or ECC can be used [PC164SX]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SDRAM DIMMs in sets of 2, uses ECC [PC164LX]</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>32 bits PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>64 bits PCI [some models]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISA slots via an Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Using 8 SIMMs for a 256bit wide memory can yield interesting speedups over a 4
+SIMM/128bit wide memory. Obviously all 8 SIMMs must be of the same type to make this
+work. The system must be explicitly setup to use the 8 SIMM memory arrangement. You must
+have 8 SIMMs, 4 SIMMs distributed over 2 banks will not work. For the AlphaPC164 you can
+have a maximum of 1Gbyte of RAM, using 8 128Mbyte SIMMs. The manual indicates the maximum
+is 512 Mbyte.</p>
+
+<p>The SRM can boot from Qlogic 10xx boards or the Symbios 53C810[A]. Newer Symbios 810
+revisions like the Symbios 810AE are not recognized by the SRM on PC164. PC164 SRM does
+not appear to recognize a Symbios 53C895 based host adapter (tested with a Tekram
+DC-390U2W). On the other hand some no-name Symbios 53C985 board has been reported to
+work. Cards like the Tekram DC-390F (Symbios875 based) have been confirmed to work fine
+on the PC164. Unfortunately this seems to be dependent on the actual version of the
+chip/board.</p>
+
+<p>Symbios 53C825[a] will also work as boot adapter. Diamond FirePort, although based on
+Symbios chips, is not bootable by the PC164SX SRM. PC164SX is reported to boot fine with
+Symbios825, Symbios875, Symbios895 and Symbios876 based cards. In addition, Adaptec 2940U
+and 2940UW are reported to work for booting (verified on SRM V5.7-1). Adaptec 2930U2 and
+2940U2[W] do not work.</p>
+
+<p>164LX and 164SX with SRM firmware version 5.8 or later can boot from Adaptec
+2940-series adapters. A test with an Adaptec 3940UW showed that that one is not supported
+however. 164SX SRM recognises Intel 8255x Ethernet cards which show up as eia. Using such
+a NIC allows network booting.</p>
+
+<p>In summary: this family of machines is ``blessed'' with a challenging compatibility as
+far as SCSI adapters go.</p>
+
+<p>On 164SX you can have a maximum of 1 Gbyte of RAM. 4 regular (PC100 or PC133) 256MB
+DIMMs are reported to work just fine. Whether 512MB DIMMs will also work is currently
+unknown. You can use ECC or non-ECC DIMMs. The non-ECC ones are the same as commonly
+found in PCs. Unfortunately the 164SX is quite picky on which DIMMs it likes, so be
+prepared to test and experiment.</p>
+
+<p>PCI bridge chips are sometimes not appreciated by the 164SX, they cause SRM errors and
+kernel panics in those cases. This seems to depend on the fact if the card is recognised,
+and therefore correctly initialised, by the SRM console. The 164SX' onboard IDE interface
+is quite slow, a Promise card gives a 3-4 times speed improvement.</p>
+
+<p>On PC164 the SRM sometimes seems to lose its variable settings. ``For PC164, current
+superstition says that, to avoid losing settings, you want to first downgrade to SRM 4.x
+and then upgrade to 5.x.'' One sample error that was observed was:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERROR: ISA table corrupt!
+</pre>
+
+<p>A sequence of a downgrade to SRM4.9, an</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ISACFG -INIT</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>followed by</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">INIT</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>made the problem go away. Some PC164 owners report they have never seen the
+problem.</p>
+
+<p>On PC164SX the AlphaBIOS allows you a selection to select SRM to be used as console on
+the next power up. This selection does not appear to have any effect. In other words, you
+will get the AlphaBIOS regardless of what you select. The fix is to reflash the console
+ROM with the SRM code for PC164SX. This will overwrite the AlphaBIOS and will get you the
+SRM console you desire. The SRM code can be found on the Compaq Web site.</p>
+
+<p>164LX can either have the SRM console code or the AlphaBIOS code in its flash ROM
+because the flash ROM is too small to hold both at the same time.</p>
+
+<p>PC164 can boot from IDE disks assuming your SRM version is recent enough.</p>
+
+<p>EB164 needs a power supply that supplies 3.3 Volts. PC164 does not implement the PS_ON
+signal that ATX power supplies need to switch on. A simple switch pulling this signal to
+ground allows you to run a standard ATX power supply.</p>
+
+<p>For the EB164 class machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options         DEC_EB164
+cpu             EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN508" name="AEN508">2.3.6. AlphaStation 200 (``Mustang'') and
+400 (``Avanti'') series</a></h4>
+
+<p>The Digital AlphaStation 200 and 400 series systems are early low end PCI based
+workstations. The 200 and 250 series are desktop boxes, the 400 series is a desk-side
+mini-tower.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21064 or 21064A CPU at speeds of 166 up to 333 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DECchip 21071-AA core logic chip set</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bcache / L2 cache: 512 Kbytes (200 and 400 series) or 2048KBytes (250 series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>64 bit bus width</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>8 to 384 MBytes of RAM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>70 ns or better Fast Page DRAM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>in three pairs (200 and 400 series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>in two quads, so banks of four. (250 series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>the memory subsystem uses parity</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard and mouse port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>two 16550 serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy disk interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>32 bit PCI expansion slots (3 for the AS400-series, 2 for the AS200 &#38;
+250-series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISA expansion slots (4 for the AS400-series, 2 for the AS200 &#38; 250-series) (some
+ISA/PCI slots are physically shared)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded 21040-based Ethernet (200 &#38; 250 series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Symbios 53c810 Fast SCSI-2 chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82378IB (``Saturn'') PCI-ISA bridge chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>graphics is embedded TGA or PCI VGA (model dependent)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16 bit sound (on 200 &#38; 250 series)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The systems use parity memory SIMMs, but these do not need 36 bit wide SIMMs. 33 bit
+wide SIMMs are sufficient, 36 bit SIMMs are acceptable too. EDO or 32 bit SIMMs will not
+work. 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 Mbyte SIMMs are supported.</p>
+
+<p>The AS200 &#38; AS250 sound hardware is reported to work OK assuming you have the
+following line in your kernel config file:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device pcm
+</pre>
+
+<p>The sound device uses port 0x530, IRQ 10 and drq 0. You also need to specify flags
+0x10011 in the <tt class="FILENAME">device.hints</tt> file.</p>
+
+<p>AlphaStation 200 &#38; 250 series have an automatic SCSI terminator. This means that
+as soon as you plug a cable onto the external SCSI connector the internal terminator of
+the system is disabled. It also means that you should not leave unterminated cables
+plugged into the machine.</p>
+
+<p>AlphaStation 400 series have an SRM variable that controls termination. In case you
+have external SCSI devices connected you must set this SRM variable using</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET CONTROL_SCSI_TERM EXTERNAL</kbd>.
+</pre>
+
+<p>If only internal SCSI devices are present use:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET CONTROL_SCSI_TERM INTERNAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>For the AlphaStation-[24][05]00 machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_2100_A50
+cpu EV4
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN575" name="AEN575">2.3.7. AlphaStation 500 and 600 (``Alcor''
+&#38; ``Maverick'' for EV5, ``Bret'' for EV56)</a></h4>
+
+<p>AS500 and 600 were the high-end EV5 / PCI based workstations. EV6 based machines have
+in the meantime taken their place as front runners. AS500 is a desktop in a dark blue
+case (TopGun blue), AS600 is a sturdy desk-side box. AS600 has a nice LCD panel to
+observe the early stages of SRM startup.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164 EV5 CPU at 266, 300, 333, 366, 400, 433, 466, or 500 MHz (AS500) or at 266, 300
+or 333 MHz (AS600)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21171 (Alcor) or 21172 (Alcor2) core logic chip set</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cache:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>2 or 4 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600 at 266 MHz)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>4 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600 at 300 MHz)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 or 8 Mb L3 / Bcache (8 Mb on 500 MHz version only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 to 16 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600; 3 cache-SIMM slots)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory buswidth: 256 bits</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS500 memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>industry standard 72 bit wide buffered Fast Page Mode DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>8 DIMM slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in sets of 4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>maximum memory is 1 GB (512 Mb max on 333 MHz CPUs)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS600 memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>industry standard 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>32 SIMM slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in sets of 8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>maximum memory is 1 GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020 based wide SCSI bus (1 bus/chip for AS500, 2 buses/chip for AS600)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21040 based 10 Mbit Ethernet adapter, both Thinwire and UTP connectors</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AS500:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3 32-bit PCI slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 64-bit PCI slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS600:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>2 32-bit PCI slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 64-bit PCI slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 PCI/EISA physically shared slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 EISA slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 PCI and 1 EISA slot are occupied by default</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21050 PCI-to-PCI bridge chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82375EB PCI-EISA bridge (AS600 only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16 bit audio Windows Sound System, in a dedicated slot (AS500) in EISA slot (AS600,
+this is an ISA card)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard and mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Early machines had Fast SCSI interfaces, later ones are Ultra SCSI capable. AS500
+shares its single SCSI bus with internal and external devices. For a Fast SCSI bus you
+are limited to 1.8 meters bus length external to the box. The AS500 Qlogic ISP1020A chip
+can be set to run in Ultra mode by setting a SRM variable. FreeBSD however follows the
+Qlogic chip errata and limits the bus speed to Fast.</p>
+
+<p>Beware of ancient SRM versions on AS500. When you see weird SCSI speeds being reported
+by FreeBSD like</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+cd0 at isp0 bus 0 target 4 lun 0
+cd0: &lt;DEC RRD45   DEC 0436&gt; Removable CD-ROM SCSI-2 device
+cd0: 250.000MB/s transfers (250.000MHz, offset 12)
+</pre>
+
+<p>it is time to do a SRM console firmware upgrade.</p>
+
+<p>AS600 has one Qlogic SCSI chip dedicated to the internal devices whereas the other
+Qlogic SCSI chip is dedicated to external SCSI devices. Keep the card, which apart from
+the two SCSI interfaces also houses the Ethernet chip by the way in the DEC-recommended,
+topmost, 32bit PCI slot. You get machine checks if you plug it into one of the 64 bit
+slots.</p>
+
+<p>In AS500 DIMMs are installed in sets of 4, in ``physically interleaved'' layout. So, a
+bank of 4 DIMMs is <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> 4 physically
+adjacent DIMMs. Note that the DIMMs are <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> SDRAM DIMMs.</p>
+
+<p>In AS600 the memory SIMMs are placed onto two memory daughter cards. SIMMs are
+installed in sets of 8. Both memory daughter cards must be populated identically.</p>
+
+<p>Note that both AS500 and AS600 are EISA machines. This means you have to run the EISA
+Configuration Utility (ECU) from floppy after adding EISA cards or to change things like
+the configuration settings of the onboard I/O. For AS500 which does not have a physical
+EISA slot the ECU is used to configure the onboard sound interface etc.</p>
+
+<p>AS500 onboard sound can be used by adding a line like</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device pcm
+</pre>
+
+<p>to the kernel configuration file.</p>
+
+<p>Using the ECU I configured my AS500 to use IRQ 10, port 0x530, drq 0. Corresponding
+entries along with flags 0x10011 must go into the <tt class="FILENAME">device.hints</tt>
+file. Note that the flags value is rather non-standard.</p>
+
+<p>AS600 has a peculiarity for its PCI slots. AS600 (or rather the PCI expansion card
+containing the SCSI adapters) does not allow I/O port mapping, therefore all devices
+behind it must use memory mapping. If you have problems getting the Qlogic SCSI adapters
+to work, add the following option to <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.rc</tt>:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+set isp_mem_map=0xff
+</pre>
+
+<p>This may need to be typed at the boot loader prompt before booting the installation
+kernel.</p>
+
+<p>For the AlphaStation-[56]00 machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_KN20AA 
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN687" name="AEN687">2.3.8. AlphaServer 1000 (``Mikasa''),
+1000A (``Noritake'') and 800(``Corelle'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 1000 and 800 range of machines are intended as departmental servers.
+They come in quite some variations in packaging and mainboard/cpu. Generally speaking
+there are 21064 (EV4) CPU based machines and 21164 (EV5) based ones. The CPU is on a
+daughter card, and the type of CPU (EV4 or EV5) must match the mainboard in use.</p>
+
+<p>AlphaServer 800 has a much smaller mini tower case, it lacks the StorageWorks SCSI
+hot-plug chassis. The main difference between AS1000 and AS1000A is that AS1000A has 7
+PCI slots whereas AS1000 only has 3 PCI slots and has EISA slots instead.</p>
+
+<p>AS800 with an EV5/400 MHz CPU was later re-branded to become a ``DIGITAL Server
+3300[R]'', AS800 with an EV5/500 MHz CPU was later re-branded to become a ``DIGITAL
+Server 3305[R]''.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21064 EV4[5] CPU at 200, 233 or 266 MHz 21164 EV5[6] CPU at 300, 333 or 400 MHz (or
+500 MHz for AS800 only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>buswidth: 128 bit with ECC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS1000[A]:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>72pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs, 70ns or better</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16 (EV5 machines) or 20 (EV4 machines) SIMM slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>max memory is 1 GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS800: Uses 60ns 3.3 Volts EDO DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded VGA (on some mainboard models)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 PCI, 2 EISA, 1 64-bit PCI/EISA combo (AS800)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>7 PCI, 2 EISA (AS1000A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 PCI, 1 EISA/PCI, 7 EISA (AS1000)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded SCSI based on Symbios 810 [AS1000] or Qlogic 1020 [AS1000A]</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>AS1000 based machines come in multiple enclosure types. Floor standing, rack-mount,
+with or without StorageWorks SCSI chassis etc. The electronics are the same.</p>
+
+<p>AS1000-systems: All EV4 based machines use standard PS/2 style 36 bit 72pin SIMMs in
+sets of 5. The fifth SIMM is used for ECC. All EV5 based machines use standard PS/2 style
+36 bit 72pin SIMMs in sets of 4. The ECC is done based on the 4 extra bits per SIMM (4
+bits out of 36). The EV5 mainboards have 16 SIMM slots, the EV4 mainboards have 20
+slots.</p>
+
+<p>AS800 machines use DIMMs in sets of 4. DIMM installation must start in slots marked
+bank 0. A bank is four physically adjacent slots. The biggest size DIMMs must be
+installed in bank 0 in case 2 banks of different DIMM sizes are used. Max memory size is
+2GB. Note that these are EDO DIMMs.</p>
+
+<p>The AS1000/800 are somewhat stubborn when it comes to serial consoles. They need</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt; <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE SERIAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>before they go for a serial console. Pulling the keyboard from the machine is not
+sufficient, like it is on most other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical console
+needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt; <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>at the serial console.</p>
+
+<p>For AS800 you want to check if your Ultra-Wide SCSI is indeed in Ultra mode. This can
+be done using the <tt class="FILENAME">EEROMCFG.EXE</tt> utility that is on the Console
+Firmware Upgrade CDROM.</p>
+
+<p>For the AlphaServer1000/1000A/800 machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_1000A
+cpu EV4     # depends on the CPU model installed
+cpu EV5     # depends on the CPU model installed
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN743" name="AEN743">2.3.9. DS10/VS10/XP900 (``Webbrick'') /
+XP1000 (``Monet'') / DS10L (``Slate'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>Webbrick and Monet are high performance workstations/servers based on the EV6 CPU and
+the Tsunami chipset. Tsunami is also used in much higher-end systems and as such has
+plenty of performance to offer. DS10, VS10 and XP900 are different names for essentially
+the same system. The differences are the software and options that are supported. DS10L
+is a DS10 based machine in a 1U high rackmount enclosure. DS10L is intended for ISPs and
+for HPTC clusters (e.g. Beowulf)</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN749" name="AEN749">2.3.9.1. ``Webbrick / Slate''</a></h5>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 EV6 CPU at 466 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>L2 / Bcache: 2MB, ECC protected</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bit via crossbar, 1.3GB/sec memory bandwidth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>industry standard 200 pin 83 MHz buffered ECC SDRAM DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>4 DIMM slots for DS10; 2GB max memory</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 DIMM slots for DS10L; 1GB max memory</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DIMMs are installed in pairs of 2</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21271 Core Logic chipset (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 on-board 21143 Fast Ethernet controllers</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V) USB controller (disabled)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M1533 PCI-ISA bridge</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs Aladdin ATA-33 controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded dual EIDE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 3 64-bit PCI slots and 1 32-bit PCI slot. DS10L has a single 64bit PCI
+slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The system has a smart power controller. This means that parts of the system remain
+powered when it is switched off (like an ATX-style PC power supply). Before servicing the
+machine remove the power cord.</p>
+
+<p>The smart power controller is called the RMC. When enabled, typing <b
+class="KEYCAP">Escape</b><b class="KEYCAP">Escape</b>RMC on serial port 1 will bring you
+to the RMC prompt. RMC allows you to powerup or powerdown, reset the machine, monitor and
+set temperature trip levels etc. RMC has its own builtin help.</p>
+
+<p>Webbrick is shipped in a desktop-style case similar to the older 21164 ``Maverick''
+workstations but this case offers much better access to the components. If you intend to
+build a farm you can rackmount them in a 19-inch rack; they are 3U high. Slate is 1U high
+but has only one PCI slot.</p>
+
+<p>DS10 has 4 DIMM slots. DIMMs are installed as pairs. Please note that DIMM pairs are
+not installed in adjacent DIMM sockets but rather physically interleaved. DIMM sizes of
+32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 Mbytes are supported.</p>
+
+<p>When 2 pairs of identical-sized DIMMs are installed DS10 will use memory interleaving
+for increased performance. DS10L, which has only 2 DIMM slots cannot do interleaving.</p>
+
+<p>Starting with SRM firmware version 5.9 you can boot from Adaptec 2940-series adapters
+in addition to the usual set of Qlogic and Symbios/NCR adapters. KZPEA aka Adaptec 39160
+gives you dual channel LVD U160 SCSI which is bootable from SRM.</p>
+
+<p>The base model comes with a FUJITSU 9.5GB ATA disk as its boot device. FreeBSD works
+just fine using EIDE disks on Webbrick. DS10 has 2 IDE interfaces on the mainboard.
+Machines destined for Tru64 Unix or VMS are standard equipped with Qlogic-driven
+Ultra-SCSI disks</p>
+
+<p>On the PCI bus 32 and 64 bit cards are supported, in 3.3V and 5V variants.</p>
+
+<p>The USB ports are not supported and are disabled by the SRM console in all recent SRM
+versions.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600    
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt>
+defined for inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is
+mandatory to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN814" name="AEN814">2.3.9.2. ``Monet''</a></h5>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 EV6 at 500 MHz 21264 EV67 at 500 or 667 MHz (XP1000G, codenamed Brisbane) CPU is
+mounted on a daughter-card which is field-upgradable</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>L2 / Bcache: 4MB, ECC protected</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 256 bit</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 128 or 256 Mbytes 100 MHz (PC100) 168 pin JEDEC standard, registered ECC SDRAM
+DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21271 core logic chip set (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 on-board 21143 Ethernet controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cypress 82C693 USB controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cypress 82C693 PCI-ISA bridge</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cypress 82C693 controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 2 independent PCI buses, driven by high-speed I/O channels called
+``hoses'':</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>hose 0: (the upper 3 slots) 2 64-bit PCI slots 1 32-bit PCI slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>hose 1: (the bottom 2 slots) 2 32-bit PCI slots (behind a 21154 PCI-PCI bridge)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 of the 64-bit PCI slots are for full-length cards</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>all of the 32-bit PCI slots are for short cards</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 of the 32-bit PCI slots is physically shared with an ISA slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>all PCI slots run at 33MHz</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 Ultra-Wide SCSI port based on a Qlogic 1040 chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded 16-bit ESS ES1888 sound chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 USB ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>graphics options: ELSA Gloria Synergy or DEC/Compaq PowerStorm 3D accelerator
+cards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Monet is housed in a mini-tower like enclosure quite similar to the Miata box.</p>
+
+<p>The on-board Qlogic UW-SCSI chip supports up to 4 internal devices. There is no
+external connector for the on-board SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>For 500 MHz CPUs 83 MHz DIMMs will do. Compaq specifies PC100 DIMMs for all CPU
+speeds. DIMMs are installed in sets of 4, starting with the DIMM slots marked ``0''
+Memory capacity is max 4 GB. DIMMs are installed ``physically interleaved'', note the
+markings of the slots. Memory bandwidth of Monet is twice that of Webbrick. The DIMMs
+live on the CPU daughter-card. Note that the system uses ECC RAM so you need DIMMs with
+72 bits (not the generic PC-class 64 bit DIMMs)</p>
+
+<p>The EIDE interface is usable / SRM bootable so FreeBSD can be rooted on an EIDE disk.
+Although the Cypress chip has potential for 2 EIDE channels Monet uses only one of
+them.</p>
+
+<p>The USB interface is supported by FreeBSD.If you experience problems trying to use the
+USB interface please check if the SRM variable <code class="VARNAME">usb_enable</code> is
+set to <tt class="LITERAL">on</tt>. You can change this by performing:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET USB_ENABLE ON</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Don&quot;t try to use Symbios-chip based SCSI adapters in the PCI slots
+connected to hose 1. There is a not-yet-found FreeBSD bug that prevents this from working
+correctly.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>Важно:</b> Not all VGA cards will work behind the PCI-PCI bridge (so in slots 4 and
+5). Only cards that implement VGA-legacy addressing correctly will work. Workaround is to
+put the VGA card ``before'' the bridge.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The sound chip is not currently supported with FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600    
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt>
+defined for inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is
+mandatory to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN894" name="AEN894">2.3.10. DS20/DS20E (``Goldrush'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 EV6 CPU at 500 or 670 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>dual CPU capable machine</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>L2 / Bcache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: dual 256 bit wide with crossbar switch</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SDRAM DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in sets of 4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16 DIMM slots, max. 4GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21271 core logic chip set (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Adaptec ? Wide Ultra SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>2 independent PCI buses, driven by high-speed I/O channels called ``hoses''</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>6 64-bit PCI slots, 3 per hose</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ISA slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>DS20 needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE SERIAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>before it goes for a serial console. Pulling the keyboard from the machine is not
+sufficient. Going back to a graphical console needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>at the serial console. Confusing is the fact that you will get SRM console output on
+the graphics console with the console set to serial, but when FreeBSD boots it honors the
+<tt class="LITERAL">CONSOLE</tt> variable setting and all the boot messages as well as
+the login prompt will go to the serial port.</p>
+
+<p>The DS20 is housed in a fat cube-like enclosure. The enclosure also contains a
+StorageWorks SCSI hot-swap shelf for a maximum of seven 3.5&quot; SCSI devices. The DS20E
+is in a sleeker case, and lacks the StorageWorks shelf.</p>
+
+<p>The system has a smart power controller. This means that parts of the system remain
+powered when it is switched off (like an ATX-style PC power supply). Before servicing the
+machine remove the power cord(s).</p>
+
+<p>The smart power controller is called the RMC. When enabled, typing <b
+class="KEYCAP">Escape</b><b class="KEYCAP">Escape</b>RMC on serial port 1 will bring you
+to the RMC prompt. RMC allows you to powerup or powerdown, reset the machine, monitor and
+set temperature trip levels etc. RMC has its own builtin help.</p>
+
+<p>The embedded Adaptec SCSI chip on the DS20 is disabled and is therefore not usable
+under FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Starting with SRM firmware version 5.9 you can boot from Adaptec 2940-series adapters
+in addition to the usual set of Qlogic and Symbios/NCR adapters. This unfortunately does
+not include the embedded Adaptec SCSI chips. You can use a KZPEA aka Adaptec 39160 for
+dual channel LVD U160 SCSI, which is bootable from SRM.</p>
+
+<p>If you are using banks of DIMMs of different sizes the biggest DIMMs should be
+installed in the DIMM slots marked <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> on the mainboard. The DIMM
+slots should be filled ``in order'' so after bank 0 install in bank 1 and so on.</p>
+
+<p>Don't try to use Symbios-chip based SCSI adapters in the PCI slots connected to hose
+1. There is a not-yet-found FreeBSD bug that prevents this from working correctly. DS20
+ships by default with a Symbios on hose 1 so you have to move this card before you can
+install/boot FreeBSD on it.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600    
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt>
+defined for inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is
+mandatory to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN963" name="AEN963">2.3.11. AlphaPC 264DP / UP2000</a></h4>
+
+<p>UP2000 was built by Alpha Processor Inc.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 EV6 CPU at 670 or 750 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>dual CPU capable</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>L2 / Bcache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 256 bit</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: SDRAM DIMMs installed in sets of 4, uses ECC, 16 DIMM slots, max. 4GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21272 core logic chip set (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 embedded Adaptec AIC7890/91 Wide Ultra2 SCSI chips</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 embedded IDE based on Cypress 82C693 chips</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded USB via Cypress 82C693</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>2 independent PCI buses, driven by high-speed I/O channels called ``hoses''</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>6 64-bit PCI slots, 3 per hose</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ISA slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Currently a maximum of 2GB memory is supported by FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>The on-board Adaptec SCSI HBAs are bootable on UP2000.</p>
+
+<p>Busmaster DMA is supported on the first IDE interface only. The system can boot from
+it's IDE hard drives and cdrom drives.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600    
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt>
+defined for inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is
+mandatory to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1009" name="AEN1009">2.3.12. AlphaServer 2000
+(``DemiSable''), 2100 (``Sable''), 2100A (``Lynx'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 2[01]00 machines are intended as departmental servers. This is medium
+iron. They are multi-CPU machines, up to 2 CPUs (AS2000) or 4 CPUs (2100[A]) can be
+installed. Both floor-standing and 19&quot; rackmount boxes exist. Rackmount variations
+have different numbers of I/O expansion slots, different max number of CPUs and different
+maximum memory size. Some of the boxes come with an integral StorageWorks shelf to house
+hot-swap SCSI disks. There was an upgrade program available to convert your Sable machine
+into a Lynx by swapping the I/O backplane (the C-bus backplane remains). CPU upgrades
+were available as well.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21064 EV4[5] CPU[s] at 200, 233, 275 MHz or 21164 EV5[6] CPU[s]s at 250, 300, 375, 400
+MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>cache: varies in size with the CPU model; 1, 4 or 8Mbyte per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded floppy controller driving a 2.88 Mbytes drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded 10Mbit 21040 Ethernet [AS2100 only]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The CPUs spec-ed as 200 MHz are in reality running at 190 MHz. Maximum number of CPUs
+is 4. All CPUs must be of the same type/speed.</p>
+
+<p>If any of the processors are ever marked as failed, they will remain marked as failed
+even after they have been replaced (or reseated) until you issue the command</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">CLEAR_ERROR ALL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>on the SRM console and power-cycle the machine. This may be true for other modules (IO
+and memory) as well, but it has not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>The machines use dedicated memory boards. These boards live on a 128 bit C-bus shared
+with the CPU boards. DemiSable supports up to 1GB, Sable up to 2GB. One of the memory bus
+slots can either hold a CPU or a memory card. A 4 CPU machine can have a maximum of 2
+memory boards.</p>
+
+<p>Some memory board models house SIMMs. These are called SIMM carriers. There are also
+memory modules that have soldered-on memory chips instead of SIMMs. These are called
+``flat memory modules''.</p>
+
+<p>SIMM boards are used in sets of eight 72-pin 36 bit FPM memory of 70ns or faster. SIMM
+types supported are 1M x36 bit (4 Mbyte), 2M x36bit (8 Mbyte) and 4M x36 bit (16 Mbyte).
+Each memory board can house 4 banks of SIMMs. SIMM sizes can not be mixed on a single
+memory board. The first memory module must be filled with SIMMs before starting to fill
+the next memory module. Note that the spacing between the slots is not that big, so make
+sure your SIMMs fit physically (before buying them..)</p>
+
+<p>Both Lynx and Sable are somewhat stubborn when it comes to serial consoles. They
+need</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE SERIAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>before they go for a serial console. Pulling the keyboard from the machine is not
+sufficient, like it is on many other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical console
+needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>at the serial console. On Lynx keep the VGA card in one of the primary PCI slots. EISA
+VGA cards are not slot sensitive.</p>
+
+<p>The machines are equipped with a small OCP (Operator Control Panel) LCD screen. On
+this screen the self-test messages are displayed during system initialization. You can
+put your own little text there by using the SRM:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET OCP_TEXT "FreeBSD"
+     </kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>The SRM</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SHOW FRU</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>command produces an overview of your configuration with module serial numbers,
+hardware revisions and error log counts.</p>
+
+<p>Both Sable, DemiSable and Lynx have Symbios 810 based Fast SCSI on-board. Check if it
+is set to Fast SCSI speed by</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SHOW PKA0_FAST</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>When set to 1 it is negotiating for Fast speeds.</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET PKA0_FAST 1</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>enables Fast SCSI speeds.</p>
+
+<p>AS2100[A] come equipped with a StorageWorks 7 slot SCSI cage. A second cage can be
+added inside the cabinet. AS2000 has a single 7 slot SCSI cage, which cannot be expanded
+with an additional one. Note that the slot locations in these cages map differently to
+SCSI IDs compared to the standard StorageWorks shelves. Slot IDs from top to bottom are
+0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3 when using a single bus configuration.</p>
+
+<p>The cage can also be set to provide two independent SCSI buses. This is used for
+embedded RAID controllers like the KZPSC (Mylex DAC960). Slot ID assignments for split
+bus are, from top to bottom: 0A, 0B, 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B. Where A and B signify a SCSI
+bus. In a single bus configuration the terminator module on the back of the SCSI cage is
+on the TOP. The jumper module is on the BOTTOM. For split bus operation these two modules
+are reversed. The terminator can be distinguished from the jumper by noting the chips on
+the terminator. The jumper does not have any active components on it.</p>
+
+<p>DemiSable has 7 EISA slots and 3 PCI slots. Sable has 8 EISA and 3 PCI slots. Lynx,
+being newer, has 8 PCI and 3 EISA slots. The Lynx PCI slots are grouped in sets of 4. The
+4 PCI slots closest to the CPU/memory slots are the primary slots, so logically before
+the PCI bridge chip. Note that contrary to expectation the primary PCI slots are the
+highest numbered ones (PCI4 - PCI7).</p>
+
+<p>Make sure you run the EISA Configuration Utility (from floppy) when adding/change
+expansion cards in EISA slots or after upgrading your console firmware. This is done by
+inserting the ECU floppy and typing</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">RUNECU</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> EISA slots are currently unsupported, but the Compaq Qvision EISA
+VGA adapter is treated as an ISA device. It therefore works OK as a console.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>A special Extended I/O module for use on the C-bus was planned-for. If they ever saw
+daylight is unknown. In any case FreeBSD has never been verified with an ExtIO
+module.</p>
+
+<p>The machines can be equipped with redundant power supplies. Note that the enclosure is
+equipped with interlock switches that switch off power when the enclosure is opened. The
+system's cooling fans are speed controlled. When the machine has more than 2 CPUs and
+more than 1 memory board dual power supplies are mandatory.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_2100_A500
+cpu EV4 #dependent on CPU model installed
+cpu EV5 #dependent on CPU model installed
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1080" name="AEN1080">2.3.13. AlphaServer 4x00
+(``Rawhide'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 4x00 machines are intended as small enterprise servers. Expect a
+30&quot; high pedestal cabinet or alternatively the same system box in a 19&quot; rack.
+Rawhides are multi-CPU machines, up to 4 CPUs can be in a single machine. Basic disk
+storage is housed in one or two StorageWorks shelves at the bottom of the pedestal. The
+Rawhides intended for the NT market are designated DIGITAL Server 7300 (5/400 CPU),
+DIGITAL Server 7305 (5/533 CPU). A trailing R on the part-number means a rackmount
+variant.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164 EV5 CPUs at 266, 300, 333 MHz or 21164A EV56 CPUs at 400, 466, 533, 600 Mhz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>cache: 4 Mbytes per CPU. EV5 300 MHz was also available cache-less. 8 Mbytes for EV56
+600Mhz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bit with ECC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded floppy controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Rawhide can be equipped with a variety of CPU modules. CPU modules exist in versions
+with and without external cache. In all cases the CPU modules installed always must be of
+the same speed. A mix of NT-only and full-blown Tru64/VMS CPUs works fine. It will
+however result in the system reporting itself to the operating system as a Digital Server
+730x (so the NT-only variant). FreeBSD does not care, but such a system will not allow
+Tru64 or VMS to run.</p>
+
+<p>Rawhide uses a maximum of 8 RAM modules. These modules are used in pairs and supply 72
+bits to the bus (this includes ECC bits). Memory can be EDO RAM or synchronous DRAM. A
+fully populated AS4100 has 4 pairs of memory modules. The AS4000 model is limited to 2
+pairs of memory modules. Given the choice use SDRAM for best performance. The highest
+capacity memory boards must be in the memory slots marked MEM0L and MEM0H. A mix of
+memory board sizes is allowed. A mix of EDO and SDRAM works as well (assuming you don't
+try to mix EDO and SDRAM in a single module pair). A mix of EDO and SDRAM results in the
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">entire</i></span> memory subsystem running at
+the slower EDO timing.</p>
+
+<p>Rawhide has an embedded Symbios 810 chip that gives you a narrow fast-SCSI bus.
+Generally only the SCSI CDROM is driven by this interface.</p>
+
+<p>Rawhides are available with a 8 64-bit PCI / 3 EISA slot expansion backplanes (called
+``Saddle'' modules). There are 2 separate PCI buses, PCI0 and PCI1. PCI0 has 1 dedicated
+PCI slot and (shared) 3 PCI/EISA slots. PCI0 also has a PCI/EISA bridge that drives
+things like the serial and parallel ports, keyboard/mouse etc. PCI1 has 4 PCI slots and a
+Symbios 810 SCSI chip. VGA console cards must be installed in a slot connected to
+PCI0.</p>
+
+<p>The current FreeBSD implementation has problems in handling PCI bridges. There is
+currently a limited fix in place which allows for single level, single device PCI
+bridges. The fix allows the use of the Digital supplied Qlogic SCSI card which sits
+behind a 21054 PCI bridge chip.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> EISA slots are currently unsupported, but the Compaq Qvision EISA
+VGA adapter is treated as an ISA device. It therefore works as a console. In case you use
+EISA options in your machine you must run the EISA Configuration Utility (ECU) from
+floppy. Do yourself a favor and use the Tru64/OpenVMS ECU, and not the WindowsNT ECU.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Rawhide employs an I2C based power controller system. If you want to be sure all power
+is removed from the system remove all mains cables from the system.</p>
+
+<p>Rawhide comes with RCM functionality, which means you can power it on/off remotely,
+reset it etc. See also the description for the RMC in the DS10 section of this document.
+RCM versus RMC is not a typo, the various documentation I consulted used both acronyms
+interchangably. Note that if you want remote power on/off to function you need to connect
+a small DC adapter to the machine in order to have the RCM logic powered. You need to
+supply 9-12V DC to the small inlet located next to the keyboard connector.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_KN300
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1113" name="AEN1113">2.3.14. AlphaServer 1200 (``Tincup'')
+and AlphaStation 1200 (``DaVinci'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 1200 machine is the successor to the AlphaServer 1000A. It uses the
+same enclosure the 1000A uses, but the logic is based on the AlphaServer 4000 design.
+These are multi-CPU machines, up to 2 CPUs can be in a single machine. Basic disk storage
+is housed in a StorageWorks shelves The AS1200 intended for the NT market were designated
+DIGITAL Server 5300 (5/400 CPU) and DIGITAL Server 5305 (5/533 CPU).</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164A EV56 CPUs at 400 or 533 Mhz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>cache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bit with ECC, DIMM memory on two memory daughter boards</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded floppy controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>AS1200 uses 2 memory daughter cards. On each of these cards are 8 DIMM slots. DIMMs
+must be installed in pairs. The maximum memory size is 4 GBytes. Slots must be filled in
+order and slot 0 must contain the largest size DIMM if different sized DIMMs are used.
+AS1200 employs fixed starting addresses for DIMMs, each DIMM pair starts at a 512 Mbyte
+boundary. This means that if DIMMs smaller than 256 Mbyte are used the system's physical
+memory map will contain ``holes''. Supported DIMM sizes are 64 Mbytes and 256 Mbytes. The
+DIMMs are 72 bit SDRAM based, as the system employs ECC.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> FreeBSD currently supports up to 2GBytes</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>AS1200 has an embedded Symbios 810 drive Fast SCSI bus.</p>
+
+<p>Tincup has 5 64-bit PCI slots, one 1 32-bit PCI slot and one EISA slot (which is
+physically shared with one of the 64-bit PCI slots). There are 2 separate PCI buses, PCI0
+and PCI1. PCI0 has the 32-bit PCI slot and the 2 top-most 64-bit PCI slots. PCI0 also has
+an Intel 82375EB PCI/EISA bridge that drives things like the serial and parallel ports,
+keyboard/mouse etc. PCI1 has 4 64-bit PCI slots and a Symbios 810 SCSI chip. VGA console
+cards must be installed in a slot connected to PCI0.</p>
+
+<p>The system employs an I2C based power controller system. If you want to be sure all
+power is removed from the system remove the mains cables from the system. Tincup uses
+dual power supplies in load-sharing mode and not as a redundancy pair.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_KN300
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1143" name="AEN1143">2.3.15. AlphaServer 8200 and 8400
+(``TurboLaser'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 8200 and 8400 machines are enterprise servers. Expect a tall 19&quot;
+cabinet (8200) or fat (8400) 19&quot; rack. This is big iron, not a hobbyist system.
+TurboLasers are multi-CPU machines, up to 12 CPUs can be in a single machine. The
+TurboLaser System Bus (TLSB) allows 9 nodes on the AS8400 and 5 nodes on the AS8200. TLSB
+is 256 bit data, 40 bit address allowing 2.1 GBytes/sec. Nodes on the TLSB can be CPUs,
+memory or I/O. A maximum of 3 I/O ports are supported on a TLSB.</p>
+
+<p>Basic disk storage is housed in a StorageWorks shelf. AS8400 uses 3 phase power,
+AS8200 uses single phase power.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164 EV5/EV56 CPUs at up to 467 MHz or 21264 EV67 CPUs at up to 625 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>one or two CPUs per CPU module</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>cache: 4Mbytes B-cache per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 256 bit with ECC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: big memory modules that plug into the TLSB, which in turn hold special SIMM
+modules. Memory modules come in varying sizes, up to 4 GBytes a piece. Uses ECC (8 bits
+per 64 bits of data) 7 memory modules max for AS8400, 3 modules max for AS8200. Maximum
+memory is 28 GBytes.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 3 system ``I/O ports'' that allow up to 12 I/O channels each I/O channel
+can connect to XMI, Futurebus+ or PCI boxes</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>FreeBSD supports (and has been tested with) up to 2 GBytes of memory on TurboLaser.
+There is a trade-off to be made between TLSB slots occupied by memory modules and TLSB
+slots occupied by CPU modules. For example you can have 28GBytes of memory but only 2
+CPUs (1 module) at the same time.</p>
+
+<p>Only PCI expansion is supported on FreeBSD. XMI or Futurebus+ (which are AS8400 only)
+are both unsupported.</p>
+
+<p>The I/O port modules are designated KFTIA or KFTHA. The I/O port modules supply so
+called ``hoses'' that connect to up to 4 (KFTHA) PCI buses or 1 PCI bus (KFTIA). KFTIA
+has embedded dual 10baseT Ethernet, single FDDI, 3 SCSI Fast Wide Differential SCSI buses
+and a single Fast Wide Single Ended SCSI bus. The FWSE SCSI is intended for the
+CDROM.</p>
+
+<p>KFTHA can drive via each of its 4 hoses a DWLPA or DWLPB box. The DWLPx house a 12
+slots 32 bit PCI backplane. Physically the 12 slots are 3 4-slot buses but to the
+software it appears as a single 12 slots PCI bus. A fully expanded AS8x00 can have 3 (I/O
+ports) times 4 (hoses) times 12 (PCI slots/DWLPx) = 144 PCI slots. The maximum bandwidth
+per KFTHA is 500 Mbytes/second. DWLPA can also house 8 EISA cards, 2 slots are PCI-only,
+2 slots are EISA only. Of the 12 slots 2 are always occupied by an I/O and connector
+module. DWLPB are the prefered I/O boxes.</p>
+
+<p>For best performance distribute high bandwidth (FibreChannel, Gigabit Ethernet) over
+multiple hoses and/or multiple KFTHA/KFTIA.</p>
+
+<p>Currently PCI expansion cards containing PCI bridges are not usable with FreeBSD.
+Don't use them at this time.</p>
+
+<p>The single ended narrow SCSI bus on the KFTIA will turn up as the <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">fourth</i></span> SCSI bus. The 3 fast-wide
+differential SCSI buses of the KFTIA precede it.</p>
+
+<p>AS8x00 are generally run with serial consoles. Some newer machines might have a
+graphical console of some sorts but FreeBSD has only been tested on a serial console.</p>
+
+<p>For serial console usage either change <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/ttys</tt> to
+have:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+console "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600"   unknown   on secure
+</pre>
+
+<p>as the console entry, or add</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+zs0     "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600"   unknown   on secure
+</pre>
+
+<p>For the AlphaServer 8x00 machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_KN8AE   # Alpha 8200/8400 (Turbolaser)
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<p>Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for
+inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is mandatory to
+keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1186" name="AEN1186">2.3.16. Alpha Processor Inc.
+UP1000</a></h4>
+
+<p>The UP1000 is an ATX mainboard based on the 21264a CPU which itself lives in a Slot B
+module. It is normally housed in an ATX tower enclosure.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264a Alpha CPU at 600 or 700 MHz in a Slot B module (includes cooling fans)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bits to the L2 cache, 64 bits from Slot B to the AMD-751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 2MB (600Mhz) or 4MB (700Mhz)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD AMD-751 (``Irongate'') system controller chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Labs M1543C PCI-ISA bridge controller / super-IO chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 168-pin PC100 unbuffered SDRAM DIMMS, 3 DIMM slots DIMM sizes supported are
+64, 128 or 256 Mb in size</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 embedded Ultra DMA33 IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 USB ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>4 32 bit PCI slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 ISA slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 AGP slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Slot B is a box-like enclosure that houses a daughter-board for the CPU and cache. It
+has 2 small fans for cooling. Loud fans..</p>
+
+<p>The machine needs ECC capable DIMMs, so 72 bit ones. This does not appear to be
+documented in the UP1000 docs. The system accesses the serial EEPROM on the DIMMs via the
+SM bus. Note that if only a single DIMM is used it must be installed in slot <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">2</i></span>. This is a bit counter-intuitive.</p>
+
+<p>The UP1000 needs a 400Watt ATX power supply according to the manufacturer. This might
+be a bit overly conservative/pessimistic judging from the power consumption of the board
+&#38; cpu. But as always you will have to take your expansion cards and peripherals into
+account. The M1543C chip contains power management functionality &#38; temperature
+monitoring (via I2C / SM bus).</p>
+
+<p>Chances are that your UP1000 comes by default with AlphaBios only. The SRM console
+firmware is available from the Alpha Processor Inc. web site. It is currently available
+in a beta version which was successfully used during the port of FreeBSD to the
+UP1000.</p>
+
+<p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by the SRM console.</p>
+
+<p>UP1000 SRM can boot off an Adaptec 294x adapter. Under high I/O load conditions
+machine lockups have been observed using the Adaptec 294x. A Symbios 875 based card works
+just fine, using the sym driver. Most likely other cards based on the Symbios chips that
+the sym driver supports will work as well.</p>
+
+<p>The USB interfaces are disabled by the SRM console and have not (yet) been tested with
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>For the UP1000 the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    API_UP1000  # UP1000, UP1100 (Nautilus)
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1235" name="AEN1235">2.3.17. Alpha Processor Inc.
+UP1100</a></h4>
+
+<p>The UP1100 is an ATX mainboard based on the 21264a CPU running at 600 MHz. It is
+normally housed in an ATX tower enclosure.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264a Alpha EV6 CPU at 600 or 700 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 100MHz 64-bit (PC-100 SDRAM), 800 MB/s memory bandwidth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 2Mb</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD AMD-751 (``Irongate'') system controller chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Labs M1535D PCI-ISA bridge controller / super-IO chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 168-pin PC100 unbuffered SDRAM DIMMS, 3 DIMM slots DIMM sizes supported are
+64, 128 or 256 Mb in size</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 embedded Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 USB port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 3 32 bit PCI slots and 1 AGP2x slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SRM console code comes standard with the UP1100. The SRM lives in 2Mbytes of flash
+ROM.</p>
+
+<p>The machine needs ECC capable DIMMs, so 72 bit ones. This does not appear to be
+documented in the UP1100 docs. The system accesses the serial EEPROM on the DIMMs via the
+SM bus. Note that if only a single DIMM is used it must be installed in slot <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">2</i></span>. This is a bit counter-intuitive.</p>
+
+<p>The UP1100 needs a 400Watt ATX power supply according to the manufacturer. This might
+be a bit overly conservative/pessimistic judging from the power consumption of the board
+&#38; cpu. But as always you will have to take your expansion cards and peripherals into
+account. The M1535D chip contains power management functionality &#38; temperature
+monitoring (via I2C / SM bus using a LM75 thermal sensor).</p>
+
+<p>The UP1100 has an on-board 21143 10/100Mbit Ethernet interface.</p>
+
+<p>The UP1100 is equipped with a SoundBlaster compatible audio interface. Whether it
+works with FreeBSD is as of yet unknown.</p>
+
+<p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by the SRM console.</p>
+
+<p>The UP1100 has 3 USB ports, 2 going external and one connected to the AGP port.</p>
+
+<p>For the UP1100 the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    API_UP1000  # UP1000, UP1100 (Nautilus)
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<p>Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for
+inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is mandatory to
+keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1283" name="AEN1283">2.3.18. Alpha Processor Inc. CS20,
+Compaq DS20L</a></h4>
+
+<p>The CS20 is a 19&quot;, 1U high rackmount server based on the 21264[ab] CPU. It can
+have a maximum of 2 CPUs. Compaq sells the CS20 rebranded as the AlphaServer DS20L. DS20L
+has 833MHz CPUs.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264a Alpha CPU at 667 MHz or 21264b 833 MHz (max. 2 CPUs)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 100MHz 256-bit wide</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21271 Core Logic chipset (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Labs M1533 PCI-ISA bridge controller / super-IO chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 168-pin PC100 PLL buffered/registered SDRAM DIMMS, 8 DIMM slots, uses ECC
+memory, min 256 Mbytes / max 2 GBytes of memory</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ALI M1543C Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded dual Intel 82559 10/100Mbit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Symbios 53C1000 Ultra160 SCSI controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 2 64 bit PCI slots (2/3 length)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SRM console code comes standard with the CS20. The SRM lives in 2Mbytes of flash
+ROM.</p>
+
+<p>The CS20 needs ECC capable DIMMs. Note that it uses <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">buffered</i></span> DIMMs.</p>
+
+<p>The CS20 has an I2C based internal monitoring system for things like temperature,
+fans, voltages etc. The I2C also supports ``wake on LAN''.</p>
+
+<p>Each PCI slot is connected to its own independent PCI bus on the Tsunami.</p>
+
+<p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by the SRM console.</p>
+
+<p>The CS20 has an embedded slim-line IDE CD drive. There is a front-accessible bay for a
+1&quot; high 3.5&quot; SCSI hard-disk drive with SCA connector.</p>
+
+<p>Note that there is no floppy disk drive (or a connector to add one).</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<p>Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for
+inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is mandatory to
+keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1330" name="AEN1330">2.3.19. Compaq AlphaServer ES40
+(``Clipper'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The ES40 is a SMP system that can have 1 - 4 21264 Alpha CPUs. With the maximum
+configuration of 32GB of memory these systems are often deployed as heavy database
+servers and are also found in HPTC compute farm environments.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 Alpha CPU at 500 (EV6), 667 (EV67) or 833 MHz (EV68) (max. 4 CPUs)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 256-bit wide</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21272 Core Logic chipset</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 200-pin JEDEC standard SDRAM DIMMS, max 32 GBytes of memory</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ALI M1543C Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 2 64 bit PCI buses</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SRM console code comes standard with the ES40.</p>
+
+<p>ES40 comes with an ATA CDROM drive, but uses SCSI harddisks. The usual Symbios &#38;
+Qlogic adapters are bootable, as is the KZPEA aka Adaptec 39160 dual channel LVD U160
+adapter.</p>
+
+<p>Memory is divided in 4 memory arrays which each contain a set of 4 SDRAM DIMMs. Each
+DIMM is 72 bit wide and of the 100MHz speed variant. An array can contain 2 sets, so 8
+DIMMs max per array. The DIMMs live on Memory Mother Boards (MMBs). There are 2 MMB
+models, with 4 and 8 DIMM sockets respectively. Each MMB provides half of the 256 bit
+memory bus width to the CPUs. Given the myriad options for the memory configuration it is
+advisable to check the system documentation for the optimum memory configuration.</p>
+
+<p>Dependent on the model variation the ES40 has 6 or 10 64 bit PCI slots. This is
+basically just means the same backplane with less connectors mounted.</p>
+
+<p>ES40 has the same RMC remote power control as DS10 and DS20. See the description of
+the RMC in the DS10 section of this document. Most variations of ES40 have multiple power
+supplies, allowing for N+1 redundancy. When installing CPU cards you must unplug all
+power cords, the CPU cards receive standby power from the power supplies. Maximum memory
+configurations need more than the default number of powersupplies.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options   DEC_ST6600
+cpu     EV5
+</pre>
+
+<p>Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for
+inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is mandatory to
+keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN1367" name="AEN1367">2.4. Supported Hardware
+Overview</a></h3>
+
+<p>A word of caution: the installed base for FreeBSD is not nearly as large as for
+FreeBSD/Intel. This means that the enormous variation of PCI/ISA expansion cards out
+there has much less chance of having been tested on alpha than on Intel. This is not to
+imply they are doomed to fail, just that the chance of running into something never
+tested before is much higher. <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> contains things that are
+known to work on Alpha only.</p>
+
+<p>The PCI and ISA expansion busses are fully supported. Turbo Channel is not in <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> and has limited support (see the relevant machine model
+info). The MCA bus is not supported. The EISA bus is not supported for use with EISA
+expansion cards as the EISA support code is lacking. ISA cards in EISA slots are reported
+to work. The Compaq Qvision EISA VGA card is driven in ISA mode and works OK as a
+console.</p>
+
+<p>1.44 Mbyte and 1.2 Mbyte floppy drives are supported. 2.88 Mbyte drives sometimes
+found in Alpha machines are supported up to 1.44Mbyte.</p>
+
+<p>ATA and ATAPI (IDE) devices are supported via the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+framework. As most people run their Alphas with SCSI disks it is not as well tested as
+SCSI. Be aware of boot-ability restrictions for IDE disks. See the machine specific
+information.</p>
+
+<p>There is full SCSI support via the CAM layer for Adaptec 2940x (AIC7xxx chip-based),
+Qlogic family and Symbios. Those of you interested in U160 SCSI might want to take a look
+at an Adaptec 39160 dual channel LVD U160 adapter. Compaq calls this a KZPEA adapter.
+Recent Alpha models have SRM versions that can boot from them. In general be aware of the
+machine-specific boot-ability issues for the various adapter models. Where known they are
+listed in the individual machine descriptions.</p>
+
+<p>The Qlogic QL2x00 FibreChannel host adapters are fully supported.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to boot your Alpha over the Ethernet you will obviously need an Ethernet
+card that the SRM console recognizes. This generally means you need a board with an 21x4x
+Ethernet chip as that is what Digital used. These chips are driven by the FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> (older driver)
+or <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> (newer driver).
+Some new SRM versions are known to recognize the Intel 8255x Ethernet chips as driven by
+the FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver.
+But beware: the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver is
+reported not to work correctly with FreeBSD (although it works excellently on
+FreeBSD/x86).</p>
+
+<p>DEC DEFPA PCI FDDI network adapters are supported on alpha.</p>
+
+<p>In general the SRM console emulates a VGA-compatibility mode on PCI VGA cards. This
+is, however, not guaranteed to work by Compaq/DEC for each and every card type out there.
+When the SRM thinks the VGA is acceptable FreeBSD will be able to use it. The console
+driver works just like on a FreeBSD/intel machine. Please note that VESA modes are not
+supported on Alpha, so that leaves you with 80x25 consoles.</p>
+
+<p>In some Alpha machines you will find video adapters based on TGA chips. The plain TGA
+adapter does not emulate VGA and is therefore not usable for a FreeBSD console. TGA2
+cards have a basic VGA compatibility mode and work fine as FreeBSD consoles.</p>
+
+<p>The ``PC standard'' serial ports found on most Alphas are supported.</p>
+
+<p>ISDN (i4b) is not supported on FreeBSD/alpha.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN1399" name="AEN1399">2.5. Acknowledgments</a></h3>
+
+<p>In compiling this file I used multiple information sources, but <a
+href="http://www.netbsd.org/" target="_top">the NetBSD Web site</a> proved to be an
+invaluable source of information. If it wasn't for NetBSD/alpha there probably would not
+be a FreeBSD/alpha in the first place.</p>
+
+<p>People who kindly helped me create this section:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Andrew Gallatin <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:gallatin@FreeBSD.org">gallatin@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Chuck Robey <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:chuckr@FreeBSD.org">chuckr@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matthew Jacob <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:mjacob@FreeBSD.org">mjacob@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Michael Smith <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:msmith@FreeBSD.org">msmith@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>David O'Brien <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:obrien@FreeBSD.org">obrien@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Christian Weisgerber</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kazutaka YOKOTA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nick Maniscalco</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Eric Schnoebelen</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peter van Dijk</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peter Jeremy</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dolf de Waal</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Wim Lemmers, ex-Compaq</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Wouter Brackman, Compaq</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lodewijk van den Berg, Compaq</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. Поддерживаемые устройства</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.4.2.1 2005/04/26
+06:38:34 den Exp $
+
+<p>В этом разделе описаны устройства, поддерживаемые FreeBSD на платформе Alpha/AXP.
+Другие конфигурации также могут работать, они просто еще не были протестированы.
+Приветствуются замечания, обновления и исправления этого списка.</p>
+
+<p>Когда это возможно, приводится список драйверов для каждого устройства или класса
+устройств. Если у этого драйвера есть страница справочника в основной поставке FreeBSD
+(что верно для большинства драйверов), на нее дается ссылка. Информация по определенным
+моделям поддерживаемых устройств, контроллеров и т.д. может быть найдена в страницах
+справочника.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Список устройств в этом документе генерируется автоматически из
+страниц справочной системы FreeBSD. Это означает, что некоторые устройства,
+поддерживаемые несколькими драйверами, могут появляться несколько раз.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. Контроллеры дисков</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA контроллеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие хост адаптеры SCSI и карты контроллеров SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-8X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID i4 133 RAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4ei</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCS16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU42X</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p>Загрузка с этих контроллеров не поддерживается вследствие ограничений SRM.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PDU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PJ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB cache), KZPAC-CA
+(3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however it is
+always advisable to upgrade to the most recent firmware available for the controller.
+Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p>Загрузка с этих контроллеров не поддерживается вследствие ограничений SRM. DAC960
+контроллеры, продаваемые Digital/Compaq для систем Alpha в качестве части StorageWorks
+family, т.е. KZPSC или KZPAC поддерживают загрузку SRM. Обратите внимание, что эти карты
+используют 2.x firmware. Загрузка SRM на более свежих версиях firmware не
+проверялась.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a>
+предоставляет поддержку следующих наборов микросхем контроллеров NCR/Symbios SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие контроллеры Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SCSI контроллеры, поддерживаемые <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>, могут
+быть или встроены в материнскую плату, или находиться на одной из следующих карты
+расширения:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Карты, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживаются следующие контроллеры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929, LSI Logic FC929X (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Микросхемы SCSI контроллера, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>, могут
+быть встроены во многие системы, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Со всеми поддерживаемыми SCSI контроллерами, предоставлена полная поддержка периферии
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II и SCSI-III, включая жесткие диски, оптические диски, ленточные накопители
+(включая DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, и DLT), устройства смены носителей, устройства
+обработки и приводы CD-ROM. WORM устройства, поддерживающие команды CD-ROM,
+поддерживаются с доступом только для чтения приводами CD-ROM (такими как <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). Поддержка
+записи WORM/CD-R/CD-RW предоставляется <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, который
+является частью порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> из коллекции портов.</p>
+
+<p>На данный момент поддерживаются следующие системы CD-ROM типа:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI интерфейс (также включающий ProAudio Spectrum и SoundBlaster SCSI) (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE интерфейс (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Адаптеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a>, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает адаптеры и встроенные контроллеры, основанные на микросхемах AMD PCnet/FAST,
+PCnet/FAST+, PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO и PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Адаптеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO (Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX (CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-528TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO (PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+основанные на Winbond W89C840F адаптеры и встроенные контроллеры Fast Ethernet,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+основанные на VIA Technologies Rhine I, Rhine II, и Rhine III адаптеры Fast Ethernet,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE530-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает основанные на Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 и SiS 7016 адаптеры Fast
+Ethernet и встроенные контроллеры, как и адаптеры Fast Ethernet, основанные на микросхеме
+National Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter). Поддерживаемые адаптеры включают:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает основанные на National Semiconductor DP83820 и DP83821 адаптеры Gigabit
+Ethernet, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIX 1000TA and 1000TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Addtron AEG320T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI) and EG1064 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA622T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA621</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает основанные на Sundance Technologies ST201 адаптеры и встроенные контроллеры
+Fast Ethernet, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-580TX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Адаптеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C940 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5005 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EG1032 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9521 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9821 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9822 SK-NET GE-T dual port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9841 SK-NET GE-LX single port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9842 SK-NET GE-LX dual port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9843 SK-NET GE-SX single port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9844 SK-NET GE-SX dual port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 9452TX single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+основанные на Texas Instruments ThunderLAN адаптеры Ethernet и Fast Ethernet, включая
+большое количество адаптеров Compaq PCI Ethernet. Также поддерживаются:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2135/2138 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2325/OC-2326 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> также
+поддерживает встроенные адаптеры Ethernet в различных серверах Compaq Prosignia и
+настольных компьютерах Compaq Deskpro, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10 T PCI UTP/Coax</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Dual-Port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Proliant</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P Integrated</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P w/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+следующие наборы микросхем:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Следующие сетевые карты работают с драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Адаптеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Адаптеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+следующее оборудование:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, 3c920B-EMB, and 3c920B-EMB-WNM embedded
+adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Семейства 3C656 карт CardBus и 3C556 карт MiniPCI имеют встроенную поддержку
+проприетарного модема. Ни драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>, ни какой-либо
+другой драйвер не поддерживают этот модем.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+Gigabit Ethernet адаптеры, основанные на микросхемах контроллера Intel 82540, 82541ER,
+82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82545, 82546, 82546EB, 82546GB и 82547:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+Gigabit Ethernet адаптеры, основанные на микросхемах контроллеров Intel 82542 и
+82543:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает встроенные Ethernet интерфейсы многих рабочих станций и серверов Sun
+UltraSPARC. Карты, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+основанные на RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S и RTL8110S адаптеры Fast Ethernet и
+Gigabit Ethernet, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne GNC-0105T (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="TOKENRING" name="TOKENRING">3.3. Token Ring интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.4. FDDI интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>DEC DEFPA PCI (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.5. ATM интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.6. Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.7. Различные сетевые
+устройства</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.8. ISDN интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.9. Последовательные интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, и 16550 последовательные порты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Последовательная карта AST на 4 порта с совместным использованием IRQ</p>
+
+<p>Comtrol Rocketport карта (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.10. Аудио устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Advance Asound 100 and 110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SB16, SB32, SB AWE64 (including Gold) and ViBRA16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS ES1868, ES1869, ES1879 and ES1888</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logic ALS120</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые карты PCI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro-2E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые устройства:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Allegro-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>MSS/WSS Compatible DSPs (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.11. Камеры и устройства
+видеозахвата</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.12. Устройства USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>Поддерживается большой диапазон USB периферии; устройства, работоспособность которых
+известна, приведены в этом разделе. Вследствие простой архитектуры большинства USB
+устройств, за редкими исключениями любое устройство поддерживаемого класса будет
+работать, даже если оно явно не приведено здесь.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> USB Ethernet адаптеры могут быть найдены в разделе <a
+href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet интерфейсы</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> USB Bluetooth адаптеры могут быть найдены в разделе <a
+href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает все совместимые с OHCI v1.0 контроллеры, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает все UHCI v1.1 совместимые контроллеры, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Концентраторы</p>
+
+<p>Клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Мышь (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ulpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ulpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+предоставляет поддержку USB принтеров и переходных кабелей параллельных принтеров,
+включая следующие:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATen parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U002 parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon BJ F850, S600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon LBP-1310, 350</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega USB-to-parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett-Packard HP Deskjet 3420 (P/N: C8947A #ABJ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oki Data MICROLINE ML660PS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Seiko Epson PM-900C, 880C, 820C, 730C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umct&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umct</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие адаптеры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U109</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U409</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DU-H3SP USB BAY Hub</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Magic Control Technology USB-232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sitecom USB-232</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает устройства USB Mass Storage, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ADTEC Stick Drive AD-UST32M, 64M, 128M, 256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Denno FireWire/USB2 Removable 2.5-inch HDD Case MIFU-25CB20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FujiFilm Zip USB Drive ZDR100 USB A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GREEN HOUSE USB Flash Memory "PicoDrive" GH-UFD32M, 64M, 128M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 32MB USB Memory Key (P/N 22P5296)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 256MB USB Drive (MSYSTEM DiskOnKey2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM ThinkPad USB Portable CD-ROM Drive (P/N 33L5151)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB CD/CD-R/CD-RW/DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD-RAM/DVD-ROM Drive DVR-iUH2 (CDROM, DVD-RAM
+only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB x6 CD-RW Drive CDRW-i64/USB (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB/IEEE1394 Portable HD Drive HDP-i30P/CI, HDP-i40P/CI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega USB Zip 100/250 drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega Zip750 USB2.0 drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Keian USB1.1/2.0 3.5-inch HDD Case KU350A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kurouto Shikou USB 2.5-inch HDD Case GAWAP2.5PS-USB2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LaCie P3 HardDrive USB 200GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LDR-H443U2 DVD-RAM/-R/+R/-RW/+RW drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec Mobile USB Memory LMC-256UD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB1.1/2.0 HDD Unit SHD-E60U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB Double-Speed Floppy Drive LFD-31U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB/IEEE1394 DVD-RAM/R/RW Unit LDR-N21FU2 (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk "ClipDrive", RUF-C32M, -C64M, -C128M, -C256M, -C512M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk "PetitDrive", RUF-32M, -64M, -128M, -256Mm</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 Flash Disk "PetitDrive2", RUF-256M/U2, -512M/U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 MO Drive MO-CH640U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 floppy drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtech International, Inc. USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI cable</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NOVAC USB2.0 2.5/3.5-inch HDD Case NV-HD351U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PNY Attache Flash Drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic ("Matshita FDD CF-VFDU03")</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KXL-CB20AN Portable DVD-ROM/CD-R/RW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KXL-CB35AN (DVD-ROM &amp; CD-R/RW)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic USB2.0 Portable CD-RW Drive KXL-RW40AN (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic floppy drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC Systems USB2.0 Removable HDD Case U2-MDK1, U2-MDK1B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SanDisk SDDR-31 (Compact Flash)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SanDisk SDDR-75 (only Compact Flash port works)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sitecom CN-300 MultiFlash (MMC/SD, SmartMedia, CF, MemoryStick)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Portable CD-R/RW Drive CRX10U (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEAC Portable USB CD-ROM Unit CD-110PU/210PU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trek Thumbdrive 8MB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VAIO floppy drive (includes Y-E Data Flashbuster-U)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Y-E Data floppy drive (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Among the supported digital cameras are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asahi Optical (PENTAX) Optio 230 &amp; 330</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.13. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+устройства</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.14. Bluetooth устройства</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.15. Криптографические
+акселераторы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.16. Другие устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>Приводы гибких дисков (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>VGA-совместимые видеокарты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vga&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vga</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Информация, относящаяся к отдельным видеокартам и совместимости с <b
+class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b>, может быть найдена на <a href="http://www.x.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.x.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Клавиатуры, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AT клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Курсорные устройства, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 мышь и совместимые устройства, включая многие курсорные устройства на лэптопах
+(драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Последовательная мышь и совместимые устройства</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB мышь (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> На странице <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+находится дополнительная информация по использованию курсорных устройств в FreeBSD.
+Информация по использованию курсорных устройств с <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> может
+быть найдена по адресу <a href="http://www.x.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.x.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>``PC standard'' параллельные порты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-amd64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-amd64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c7ccd17cf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-amd64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5446 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/amd64 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/amd64
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект документирования FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>Содержание</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">Введение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#PROC">Поддерживаемые процессоры и материнские платы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">Поддерживаемые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">Контроллеры дисков</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#TOKENRING">Token Ring интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#ATM">ATM интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#WLAN">Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">Различные сетевые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#SERIAL">Последовательные интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#AUDIO">Аудио устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#CAMERA">Камеры и устройства видеозахвата</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#USB">Устройства USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">Криптографические акселераторы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.16. <a href="#MISC">Другие устройства</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этом документе находится информация об аппаратной совместимости для FreeBSD
+5.4-RELEASE на аппаратной платформе AMD64 упоминаемой также как FreeBSD/amd64
+5.4-RELEASE). В этом списке находятся устройства, работающие на данной платформе, а также
+информация об отдельных настройках загрузки ядра, которые могут быть полезны при
+включении поддержки новых устройств.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> В этот документ включена информация, специфичная для аппаратной
+платформы AMD64. Версии информации об оборудовании для других архитектур будут отличаться
+в некоторых деталях.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2. Поддерживаемые процессоры и материнские
+платы</a></h2>
+
+<p>Начиная с середины 2003 FreeBSD/amd64 поддерживает архитектуры AMD64 (``Hammer'') и
+Intel EM64T, и теперь это одна из платформ Tier-1 (полностью поддерживаемая архитектура),
+которая считается стабильной во всех аспектах операционной системы FreeBSD, включая
+установку и разработку.</p>
+
+<p>Обратите внимание, что у этой архитектуры есть два имени, AMD64 (AMD) и Intel EM64T
+(Extended Memory 64-bit Technology). 64-битный режим этих двух архитектур почти совместим
+один с другим, и FreeBSD/amd64 должна поддерживать их оба.</p>
+
+<p>На момент написания данного текста поддерживаются следующие процессоры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Athlon64 (``Clawhammer'').</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Opteron (``Sledgehammer'').</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 64-бит Xeon (``Nacona''). Этот процессор изготовлен по технологии 90nm, и
+работает на частотах от 2.80 до 3.60 GHz (FSB 800MHz) с чипсетами Intel
+E7520/E7525/E7320.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Pentium 4 Processor, поддерживающий Intel EM64T (``Prescott''). Он изготовлен по
+технологии 90nm для сокета FC-LGA775, и работает на частотах 3.20F/3.40F/3.60F GHz с
+чипсетами Intel 925X Express. Соответствующие номера S-Spec: SL7L9, SL7L8, SL7LA, SL7NZ,
+SL7PZ, и SL7PX. Обратите внимание, что процессоры, нумерованые числами 5xx, не
+поддерживают EM64T.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Intel EM64T это расширенная версия IA-32 (x86) и отличается от архитектуры Intel IA-64
+(Itanium), которую поддерживает платформа FreeBSD/ia64. Некоторая старая документация
+Intel обозначает Intel EM64T как ``64-bit extension technology'' или ``IA-32e''.</p>
+
+<p>Наибольший объем памяти системы, протестированный на данный момент, 8GB. Поддержка SMP
+была недавно завершена и работает достаточно стабильно.</p>
+
+<p>Во многих отношениях, FreeBSD/amd64 похожа на FreeBSD/i386, в терминах поддерживаемых
+драйверов. Могут возникнуть проблемы с 64-бит кодов в некоторых (частично устаревших)
+драйверах. Обычно те драйверы, которые правильно работают на других 64-бит платформах,
+должны работать и здесь.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD/amd64 это очень молодая платформа FreeBSD. Хотя основная часть ядра FreeBSD и
+основные системные компоненты обычно очень стабильны, скорее всего еще остаются острые
+углы, особенно со сторонним программным обеспечением.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. Поддерживаемые устройства</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.4.2.1 2005/04/26
+06:38:34 den Exp $
+
+<p>В этом разделе описаны устройства, поддерживаемые FreeBSD на платформе AMD64. Другие
+конфигурации также могут работать, они просто еще не были протестированы. Приветствуются
+замечания, обновления и исправления этого списка.</p>
+
+<p>Когда это возможно, приводится список драйверов для каждого устройства или класса
+устройств. Если у этого драйвера есть страница справочника в основной поставке FreeBSD
+(что верно для большинства драйверов), на нее дается ссылка. Информация по определенным
+моделям поддерживаемых устройств, контроллеров и т.д. может быть найдена в страницах
+справочника.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Список устройств в этом документе генерируется автоматически из
+страниц справочной системы FreeBSD. Это означает, что некоторые устройства,
+поддерживаемые несколькими драйверами, могут появляться несколько раз.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. Контроллеры дисков</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA контроллеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Адаптеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aic</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включают:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1505 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1510A, AHA-1510B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1520A, AHA-1520B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1522A, AHA-1522B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1535 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Labs SoundBlaster SCSI host adapter (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1460, AHA-1460B, AHA-1460C, AHA-1460D (PC Card)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1030B, AHA-1030P (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-100 (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие хост адаптеры SCSI и карты контроллеров SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahd</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующее:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901A host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7902 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aac</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AAC-364</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SATA RAID 2410SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SATA RAID 2810SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SATA RAID 21610SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2120S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2200S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130SLP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2230SLP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 5400S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell CERC SATA RAID 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 320/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID 4M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adv</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие контроллеры SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP510/5150</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5140</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5142</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP902/3902</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3905</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3922</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3925</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP930, ABP930U, ABP930UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP960, ABP960U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP542</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP742</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP842</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UA/3940UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3960UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970, ABP970U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP752</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP852</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980, ABP980U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980UA/3980UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-USP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-PCI30 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC-USUP-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adw</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает контроллеры SCSI, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UW/ABP3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3950U2W</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+серии BusLogic MultiMaster ``W'', ``C'', ``S'' и ``A'', и совместимые хост адаптеры
+SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-445C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-445S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-540CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-545C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-545S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic/BusTek BT-640</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-742A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-742A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757CD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-946C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-948</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-956C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-956CD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-958</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-958D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Storage Dimensions SDC3211B / SDC3211F</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>AMI FastDisk Host Adapters, являющиеся клонами BusLogic MultiMaster, поддерживаются
+также драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие RAID адаптеры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DPT Smart Cache Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache II (PM2?2?, PM2022 [EISA], PM2024/PM2124 [PCI]) (Gen2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID II (PM3?2?, PM3021, PM3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache III (PM2?3?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID III (PM3?3?, PM3332 [EISA], PM3334UW [PCI]) (Gen3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache IV (PM2?4?, PM2042 [EISA], PM2044/PM2144 [PCI]) (Gen4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID IV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-8X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID i4 133 RAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4ei</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCS16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU42X</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Поддерживается загрузка с этих контроллеров. EISA адаптеры не
+поддерживаются.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arcmsr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">arcmsr</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1130</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1130-ML</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1160-ML</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1220</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1230</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1230-ML</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1260-ML</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PDU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PJ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB cache), KZPAC-CA
+(3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however it is
+always advisable to upgrade to the most recent firmware available for the controller.
+Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Поддерживается загрузка с этих контроллеров. EISA адаптеры не
+поддерживаются.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mly&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mly</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 170</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 352</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 2000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 3000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twe</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие контроллеры PATA/SATA RAID:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 5000 series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 6000 series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7000-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7006-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8006-2LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-8MI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-12MI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twa</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие SATA RAID контроллеры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8MI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12MI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a>
+предоставляет поддержку следующих наборов микросхем контроллеров NCR/Symbios SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие контроллеры Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SCSI контроллеры, поддерживаемые <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>, могут
+быть или встроены в материнскую плату, или находиться на одной из следующих карты
+расширения:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Карты, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amd</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-DP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390T</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ciss&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ciss</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 532</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 5312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 641</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 642</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400 EM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6422</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array V100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 20 (MSA20)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 500 (MSA500)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iir&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">iir</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCMR</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-l (SRCU31a)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-1L (SRCU31La)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-2 (SRCU32)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>All past and future releases of Intel and ICP RAID Controllers.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU21 (discontinued)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31 (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31L (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SRCU31 and SRCU31L can be updated via a firmware update available from Intel.</p>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>IBM ServeRAID 3H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID 4L/4M/4H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID Series 5</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID 6i/6M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживаются следующие контроллеры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929, LSI Logic FC929X (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Микросхемы SCSI контроллера, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>, могут
+быть встроены во многие системы, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SCSI контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=trm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">trm</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включают:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-315 PCI Ultra SCSI adapter without BIOS and internal SCSI connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-315U PCI Ultra SCSI adapter without BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395F PCI Ultra-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS and 68-pin external SCSI
+connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395U PCI Ultra SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395UW PCI Ultra-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395U2W PCI Ultra2-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>For the Tekram DC-310/U and DC-390F/U/UW/U2B/U2W/U3W PCI SCSI host adapters, use the
+sym(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>Со всеми поддерживаемыми SCSI контроллерами, предоставлена полная поддержка периферии
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II и SCSI-III, включая жесткие диски, оптические диски, ленточные накопители
+(включая DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, и DLT), устройства смены носителей, устройства
+обработки и приводы CD-ROM. WORM устройства, поддерживающие команды CD-ROM,
+поддерживаются с доступом только для чтения приводами CD-ROM (такими как <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). Поддержка
+записи WORM/CD-R/CD-RW предоставляется <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, который
+является частью порта <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> из коллекции портов.</p>
+
+<p>На данный момент поддерживаются следующие системы CD-ROM типа:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI интерфейс (также включающий ProAudio Spectrum и SoundBlaster SCSI) (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE интерфейс (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Адаптеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a>, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+адаптеры Gigabit Ethernet, основанные на микросхемах Alteon Tigon I и II. Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> был
+протестирован со следующими адаптерами:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985B-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital EtherWORKS 1000SX PCI Gigabit adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620 Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620T Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following adapters should also be supported but have not yet been tested:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asante GigaNIX1000T Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante PCI 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon PN9000SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Silicon Graphics PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает адаптеры и встроенные контроллеры, основанные на микросхемах AMD PCnet/FAST,
+PCnet/FAST+, PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO и PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SMC 83c17x (EPIC) Ethernet сетевые карты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tx</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Адаптеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO (Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX (CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-528TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO (PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+основанные на Winbond W89C840F адаптеры и встроенные контроллеры Fast Ethernet,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+основанные на VIA Technologies Rhine I, Rhine II, и Rhine III адаптеры Fast Ethernet,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE530-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает основанные на Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 и SiS 7016 адаптеры Fast
+Ethernet и встроенные контроллеры, как и адаптеры Fast Ethernet, основанные на микросхеме
+National Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter). Поддерживаемые адаптеры включают:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает основанные на National Semiconductor DP83820 и DP83821 адаптеры Gigabit
+Ethernet, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIX 1000TA and 1000TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Addtron AEG320T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI) and EG1064 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA622T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA621</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает основанные на Sundance Technologies ST201 адаптеры и встроенные контроллеры
+Fast Ethernet, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-580TX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Адаптеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C940 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5005 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EG1032 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9521 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9821 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9822 SK-NET GE-T dual port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9841 SK-NET GE-LX single port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9842 SK-NET GE-LX dual port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9843 SK-NET GE-SX single port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9844 SK-NET GE-SX dual port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 9452TX single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+основанные на Texas Instruments ThunderLAN адаптеры Ethernet и Fast Ethernet, включая
+большое количество адаптеров Compaq PCI Ethernet. Также поддерживаются:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2135/2138 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2325/OC-2326 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> также
+поддерживает встроенные адаптеры Ethernet в различных серверах Compaq Prosignia и
+настольных компьютерах Compaq Deskpro, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10 T PCI UTP/Coax</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Dual-Port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Proliant</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P Integrated</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P w/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+следующие наборы микросхем:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Следующие сетевые карты работают с драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Адаптеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aue</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX_NA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton USB320-EC, SpeedStream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AN986, AN8511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton USB100, USB100LP, USB100EL, USBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether FEther USB-T, FEther USB-TX, FEther USB-TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650, DSB-650TX, DSB-650TX-PNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-USBL/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elsa Microlink USB2Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP hn210e</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O Data USB ETTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNU101TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T adapters that contain the AN986 Pegasus chipset, USB10TA, USB10TX,
+USB100TX, USB100H1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LUA-TX, LUA2-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex UE-200TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Network Link (model number 133-06)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Siemens Speedstream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges smartNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2202USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHOware NUB100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cue</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает основанные на CATC USB-EL1210A адаптеры USB Ethernet, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U011/F5U111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges SmartLink</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kue</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает адаптеры USB Ethernet, основанные на Kawasaki LSI KL5KLUSB101B, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c19250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c460 HomeConnect Ethernet USB Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADS Technologies USB-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOX USB101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATen UC10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom URE 450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega USB-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega NET-USB-E45, NET-HUB-3U1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data USB ETT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kawasaki DU-H3E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear EA101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom USB Ethernet Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2102USB, 2104USB</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=axe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">axe</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает основанные на ASIX Electronics AX88172 адаптеры USB Ethernet, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-U2-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DUBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB200M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>System TALKS Inc. SGC-X2UL</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rue</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает основанные на RealTek RTL8150 адаптеры USB Ethernet, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Green House GH-USB100B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB100M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton 10/100 FastEthernet USBKR2</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие адаптеры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther USB-TXC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Адаптеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Контроллеры и карты, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fe</span>(4)</span></a>, включают:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis RE1000, RE1000Plus, ME1500 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(98)P2, C-NET (9N)E (110-pin), C-NET(9N)C (ExtCard)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(PC)C PCMCIA Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Eiger Labs EPX-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu FMV-J182, FMV-J182A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MB86960A, MB86965A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MBH10303, MBH10302 Ethernet PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu Towa LA501 Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HITACHI HT-4840-11</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NextCom J Link NC5310</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5588, REX-9822, REX-4886, and REX-R280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9880/9881/9882/9883</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAC-98012, LAC-98013, LAC-98025, LAC-9N011 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAK-CD021, LAK-CD021A, LAK-CD021BX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ungermann-Bass Access/PC N98C+(PC85152, PC85142), Access/NOTE N98(PC86132)
+(110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Адаптеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ex&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ex</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+следующие адаптеры Ethernet:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/10+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>The Olicom OC2220</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ep&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ep</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+адаптеры Ethernet, основанные на наборе микросхем 3Com 3C5x9 Etherlink III Parallel
+Tasking, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C1 CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509-TP, 3C509-BNC, 3C509-Combo, 3C509-TPO, 3C509-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509B-TP, 3C509B-BNC, 3C509B-Combo, 3C509B-TPO, 3C509B-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C529, 3C529-TP MCA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C562/3C563 PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C569B-J-TPO, 3C569B-J-COMBO CBUS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C574-TX, 3CCFE574BT, 3CXFE574BT, 3C3FE574BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C579-TP, 3C579-BNC EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C589, 3C589B, 3C589C, 3C589D, 3CXE589DT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CCFEM556B, 3CCFEM556BI PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CXE589EC, 3CCE589EC, 3CXE589ET, 3CCE589ET PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz 3CCEM556, 3CXEM556, 3CCEM556B, 3CXEM556B PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 3CXSH572BT, 3CCSH572BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon EtherMac PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+следующее оборудование:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, 3c920B-EMB, and 3c920B-EMB-WNM embedded
+adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Семейства 3C656 карт CardBus и 3C556 карт MiniPCI имеют встроенную поддержку
+проприетарного модема. Ни драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>, ни какой-либо
+другой драйвер не поддерживают этот модем.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vx</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+следующие карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c590 EtherLink III PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c592 EtherLink III EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c595 Fast EtherLink III PCI in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c597 Fast EtherLink III EISA in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 сетевые карты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cs&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cs</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sn</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+основанные на SMC9xxx карты ISA и PCMCIA, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz X-Jack Ethernet PC-Card CC-10BT</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xe</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+следующие карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet (PS-CE2-10)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet + Modem 28 (PS-CEM-28)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet + Modem 33 (CEM33)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard 10/100 (CE3, CE3B)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet 10/100 + Modem 56 (CEM56)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10 (RE10)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10/100 (RE100)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10/100 + Modem 56 (REM56, REM56G)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton Fast EtherCard-16 (EN2226)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 PC Card (CPQ-10/100)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 PC Card Mobile Adapter 16 (Pro/100 M16A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 LAN/Modem PC Card Adapter (Pro/100 M16B)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Other similar devices using the same hardware may also be supported.</p>
+
+<p>Адаптеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lge</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC TigerCard 1000 (SMC9462SX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500SX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает различные сетевые карты, основанные на семействе Broadcom BCM570x наборов
+микросхем контроллеров Gigabit Ethernet, включая следующие:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c996-T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750 integrated BCM5704C NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2550 integrated BCM5700 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2650 integrated BCM5703 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM x235 server integrated BCM5703x NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7760 embedded Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7770 PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7781 embedded PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA302T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D21 (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D41 (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+Gigabit Ethernet адаптеры, основанные на микросхемах контроллера Intel 82540, 82541ER,
+82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82545, 82546, 82546EB, 82546GB и 82547:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+Gigabit Ethernet адаптеры, основанные на микросхемах контроллеров Intel 82542 и
+82543:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает встроенные Ethernet интерфейсы многих рабочих станций и серверов Sun
+UltraSPARC. Карты, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Broadcom BCM4401 based Fast Ethernet адаптеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+основанные на RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S и RTL8110S адаптеры Fast Ethernet и
+Gigabit Ethernet, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne GNC-0105T (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/10GbE LR Server Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/10GbE SR Server Adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает основанные на VIA Networking VT3119 и VT6122 адаптеры Gigabit Ethernet,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>VIA Networking LAN-on-motherboard Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN650-T 64-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1701)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN670-T 32-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1702)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="TOKENRING" name="TOKENRING">3.3. Token Ring интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.4. FDDI интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.5. ATM интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.6. Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Lucent Technologies WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11b беспроводные сетевые адаптеры и им подобные,
+использующие Lucent Hermes, Intersil PRISM-II, Intersil PRISM-2.5, Intersil Prism-3, и
+Symbol Spectrum24 чипсеты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cisco/Aironet 802.11b беспроводные адаптеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Карты, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">awi</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Icom SL-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco WLI-PCM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEL SSMagic</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia C020 WLAN</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon SkyLINE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The original Xircom Netwave AirSurfer is supported by the cnw(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>Карты, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cnw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cnw</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Netwave</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetWave AirSurfer</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.7. Различные сетевые
+устройства</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.8. ISDN интерфейсы</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.9. Последовательные интерфейсы</a></h3>
+
+<p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, и 16550 последовательные порты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Последовательная карта AST на 4 порта с совместным использованием IRQ</p>
+
+<p>PCI-Based многопортовые последовательные карты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=puc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">puc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Actiontech 56K PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avlab Technology, PCI IO 2S и PCI IO 4S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Comtrol RocketPort 550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Decision Computers PCCOM 4-портовая последовательная с двумя портами RS232/422/485</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dolphin Peripherals 4025/4035/4036</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IC Book Labs Dreadnought 16x Lite и Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lava Computers 2SP-PCI/DSerial-PCI/Quattro-PCI/Octopus-550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Middle Digital, Weasle последовательный порт</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Moxa Industio CP-114, Smartio C104H-PCI и C168H/PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PK-UG-X001 и PK-UG-X008</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netmos NM9835 PCI-2S-550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oxford Semiconductor OX16PCI954 PCI UART</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Syba Tech SD-LAB PCI-4S2P-550-ECP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber I/O PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 2P1S PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 2S1P PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 4S PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber Serial (Single и Dual) PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Syba Tech Ltd. PCI-4S2P-550-ECP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Titan PCI-200H и PCI-800H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>US Robotics (3Com) 3CP5609 модем</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VScom PCI-400 и PCI-800</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Specialix SI/XIO/SX многопортовые последовательные карты, с старым SIHOST2.x и новым
+``расширенным'' (transputer based, aka JET) host картами (поддерживаются ISA, EISA и PCI)
+(драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=si&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">si</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.10. Аудио устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Analog Devices AD1816</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4281</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1E (ES1946 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that older ESS ISA cards with ES18xx chipset are supported via snd_ess(4) and/or
+snd_sbc(4).</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Advance Asound 100 and 110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SB16, SB32, SB AWE64 (including Gold) and ViBRA16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS ES1868, ES1869, ES1879 and ES1888</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logic ALS120</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8338</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8738</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS461x/462x Audio Accelerator</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4280 Audio Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Некоторые встроенные микросхемы CS4610 сопровождаются кодеком CS423x ISA вместо кодека
+CS4297 AC97. Такие конфигурации пока не поддерживаются драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>All cards with ES1370/1371 chipset (including SoundBlaster PCI128)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ess&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ess</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Ensoniq ESS ISA PnP/non-PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые карты PCI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro-2E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые устройства:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Allegro-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_fm801&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_fm801</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает звуковые устройства, основанные на следующем наборе микросхем:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Forte Media FM801</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound MAX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Intel 443MX, 810, 815, и 815E встроенные звуковые устройства (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>MSS/WSS Compatible DSPs (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_neomagic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_neomagic</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые устройства:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>NeoMagic 256AV</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NeoMagic 256ZX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>OPTi 931/82C931 (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_vibes&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_vibes</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает звуковые устройства, основанные на следующем наборе микросхем:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>S3 SonicVibes</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Audigy (EMU10K2 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Trident 4DWave DX/NX (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_via82c686&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_via82c686</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает звуковые устройства, основанные на следующем наборе микросхем:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>VIA 82C686A</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ich&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ich</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие звуковые устройства:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD 768</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD 8111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 443MX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH revision 1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH5</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce2 400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3 250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 7012</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.11. Камеры и устройства
+видеозахвата</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.12. Устройства USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>Поддерживается большой диапазон USB периферии; устройства, работоспособность которых
+известна, приведены в этом разделе. Вследствие простой архитектуры большинства USB
+устройств, за редкими исключениями любое устройство поддерживаемого класса будет
+работать, даже если оно явно не приведено здесь.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> USB Ethernet адаптеры могут быть найдены в разделе <a
+href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet интерфейсы</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> USB Bluetooth адаптеры могут быть найдены в разделе <a
+href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает все совместимые с OHCI v1.0 контроллеры, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает все UHCI v1.1 совместимые контроллеры, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>USB 2.0 контроллеры, использующие EHCI интерфейс (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ehci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ehci</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Концентраторы</p>
+
+<p>Клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Различные устройства</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Assist Computer Systems PC Camera C-M1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ActiveWire I/O Board</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Technology Video Blaster WebCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-R100 USB Radio (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ufm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ufm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mirunet AlphaCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Следующие устройства поддерживаются драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=urio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">urio</span>(4)</span></a></p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Diamond MultiMedia Rio 500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond MultiMedia Rio 600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond MultiMedia Rio 800</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Устройства, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umodem&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umodem</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включают:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 5605</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Metricom Ricochet GS USB wireless modem</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha Broadband Wireless Router RTW65b</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Мышь (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ulpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ulpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+предоставляет поддержку USB принтеров и переходных кабелей параллельных принтеров,
+включая следующие:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATen parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U002 parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon BJ F850, S600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon LBP-1310, 350</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega USB-to-parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett-Packard HP Deskjet 3420 (P/N: C8947A #ABJ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oki Data MICROLINE ML660PS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Seiko Epson PM-900C, 880C, 820C, 730C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsa</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие адаптеры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U103</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>e-Tek Labs Kwik232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GoHubs GoCOM232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom single port serial adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a>
+предоставляет поддержку адаптеров управления последовательной консолью BWCT.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uftdi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uftdi</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие адаптеры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>HP USB-Serial adapter shipped with some HP laptops</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Inland UAS111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>QVS USC-1000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uplcom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uplcom</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие адаптеры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATEN UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM UC-SGT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HAL Corporation Crossam2+USB IR commander</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hama USB RS-232 Serial Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IOGEAR UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX USB-RS232 URS-03</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-USB60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Serial Link (model number 133-08)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOURCENEXT KeikaiDenwa 8 (with and without charger)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Ericsson USB Cable (Susteen USB Data Cable)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umct&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umct</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие адаптеры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U109</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U409</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DU-H3SP USB BAY Hub</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Magic Control Technology USB-232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sitecom USB-232</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Следующие устройства поддерживаются драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uscanner&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uscanner</span>(4)</span></a></p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 320U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 620U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan C310U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1212U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e25</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e40</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e50</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e52</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan Touch</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avision 1200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N656U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N676U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 30</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 610</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 636U / 636Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1200U / 1200Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1240U / 1240Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Expression 1600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1640SU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1670</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 3200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-8400UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9300UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9700F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Photosmart S20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 2200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3400CSE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4100C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5400C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KYE ColorPage Vivid-Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom 336CX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom C6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6UL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6USL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker X6U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Minolta 5400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 600 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 UB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200TA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NatSemi BearPaw 1200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nikon CoolScan LS40 ED</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 1200u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 600u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 19200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 9600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-3002</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2X-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax ReadyScan 636i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultima 1200 UB Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2000U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2100U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 3400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 3000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 7600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8600</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает устройства USB Mass Storage, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ADTEC Stick Drive AD-UST32M, 64M, 128M, 256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Denno FireWire/USB2 Removable 2.5-inch HDD Case MIFU-25CB20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FujiFilm Zip USB Drive ZDR100 USB A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GREEN HOUSE USB Flash Memory "PicoDrive" GH-UFD32M, 64M, 128M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 32MB USB Memory Key (P/N 22P5296)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 256MB USB Drive (MSYSTEM DiskOnKey2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM ThinkPad USB Portable CD-ROM Drive (P/N 33L5151)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB CD/CD-R/CD-RW/DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD-RAM/DVD-ROM Drive DVR-iUH2 (CDROM, DVD-RAM
+only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB x6 CD-RW Drive CDRW-i64/USB (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB/IEEE1394 Portable HD Drive HDP-i30P/CI, HDP-i40P/CI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega USB Zip 100/250 drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega Zip750 USB2.0 drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Keian USB1.1/2.0 3.5-inch HDD Case KU350A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kurouto Shikou USB 2.5-inch HDD Case GAWAP2.5PS-USB2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LaCie P3 HardDrive USB 200GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LDR-H443U2 DVD-RAM/-R/+R/-RW/+RW drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec Mobile USB Memory LMC-256UD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB1.1/2.0 HDD Unit SHD-E60U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB Double-Speed Floppy Drive LFD-31U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB/IEEE1394 DVD-RAM/R/RW Unit LDR-N21FU2 (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk "ClipDrive", RUF-C32M, -C64M, -C128M, -C256M, -C512M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk "PetitDrive", RUF-32M, -64M, -128M, -256Mm</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 Flash Disk "PetitDrive2", RUF-256M/U2, -512M/U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 MO Drive MO-CH640U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 floppy drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtech International, Inc. USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI cable</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NOVAC USB2.0 2.5/3.5-inch HDD Case NV-HD351U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PNY Attache Flash Drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic ("Matshita FDD CF-VFDU03")</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KXL-CB20AN Portable DVD-ROM/CD-R/RW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KXL-CB35AN (DVD-ROM &amp; CD-R/RW)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic USB2.0 Portable CD-RW Drive KXL-RW40AN (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic floppy drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC Systems USB2.0 Removable HDD Case U2-MDK1, U2-MDK1B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SanDisk SDDR-31 (Compact Flash)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SanDisk SDDR-75 (only Compact Flash port works)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sitecom CN-300 MultiFlash (MMC/SD, SmartMedia, CF, MemoryStick)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Portable CD-R/RW Drive CRX10U (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEAC Portable USB CD-ROM Unit CD-110PU/210PU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trek Thumbdrive 8MB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VAIO floppy drive (includes Y-E Data Flashbuster-U)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Y-E Data floppy drive (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Among the supported digital cameras are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asahi Optical (PENTAX) Optio 230 &amp; 330</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Аудио устройства (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvisor&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvisor</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие устройства:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo 600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Visor</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm I705</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M125</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M130</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M505</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M515</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten Z</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire 31</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 5.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie PEG-S500C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie NX60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie S360</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.13. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwohci</span>(4)</span></a>
+предоставляет поддержку для интерфейсных карт PCI/CardBus FireWire. Драйвер поддерживает
+следующие наборы микросхем IEEE 1394 OHCI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-894x/AIC-5800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple Pangea</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple UniNorth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82372FB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IOGEAR GUF320</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lucent FW322/323</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72861</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72870</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72871/2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72873</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72874</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor CS4210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C551</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C552</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony CX3022</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD1947)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4410A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4451</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AA22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB21/A/AI/A-EP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB22/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB82AA2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA Fire II (VT6306)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Serial Bus Protocol 2 (SBP-2) устройства хранения (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.14. Bluetooth устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bt3c&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bt3c</span>(4)</span></a>
+предоставляет поддержку bluetooth адаптера 3Com/HP 3CRWB6096-A PCCARD.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает все Bluetooth USB устройства, соответствующие спецификации Bluetooth v1.1,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CREB96</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AIPTEK BR0R02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>EPoX BT-DG02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MSI MS-6967</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.15. Криптографические
+акселераторы</a></h3>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает различные карты, содержащие наборы микросхем Hifn 7751, 7951, 7811, 7955, и
+7956 chipsets, такие как:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Invertex AEON</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hifn 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PowerCrypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>XL-Crypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetSec 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1201 and vpn1211</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1401 and vpn1411</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=safe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">safe</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает карты, содержащие любую из следующих микросхем:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1741</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsec</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает карты, содержащие любую из следующих микросхем:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5501</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5601</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5801</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5802</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5805</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5821</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5822</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5823</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.16. Другие устройства</a></h3>
+
+<p>Факс-модем/PCCARD</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IGM-PCM56K/IGM-PCM56KH</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia Card Phone 2.0 (gsm900/dcs1800 HSCSD терминал)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Приводы гибких дисков (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>VGA-совместимые видеокарты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vga&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vga</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Информация, относящаяся к отдельным видеокартам и совместимости с <b
+class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b>, может быть найдена на <a href="http://www.x.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.x.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Клавиатуры, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB клавиатуры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Курсорные устройства, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bus мышь и совместимые устройства (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mse&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mse</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 мышь и совместимые устройства, включая многие курсорные устройства на лэптопах
+(драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Последовательная мышь и совместимые устройства</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB мышь (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> На странице <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+находится дополнительная информация по использованию курсорных устройств в FreeBSD.
+Информация по использованию курсорных устройств с <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> может
+быть найдена по адресу <a href="http://www.x.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.x.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>``PC standard'' параллельные порты (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>PC-совместимые джойстики (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=joy&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">joy</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>Этот файл и другие документы, относящиеся к данной версии
+FreeBSD, могут быть найдены по адресу <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Если у вас возник вопрос, касающийся FreeBSD, прочтите <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">документацию,</a> прежде чем написать письмо в
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Всем пользователям FreeBSD 5-STABLE рекомендуется подписаться на
+список рассылки &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>Вопросы, касающиеся этого документа, вы можете направить по
+адресу &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-i386.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-i386.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,6950 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/i386 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">Информация о оборудовании FreeBSD/i386
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">Проект документирования FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Проект
+документирования FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>Содержание</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">Введение</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#PROC">Поддерживаемые процессоры и материнские платы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">Поддерживаемые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">Контроллеры дисков</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#TOKENRING">Token Ring интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#ATM">ATM интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#WLAN">Беспроводные сетевые интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">Различные сетевые устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#SERIAL">Последовательные интерфейсы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#AUDIO">Аудио устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#CAMERA">Камеры и устройства видеозахвата</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#USB">Устройства USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth устройства</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">Криптографические акселераторы</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.16. <a href="#MISC">Другие устройства</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. Введение</a></h2>
+
+<p>В этом документе находится информация об аппаратной совместимости для FreeBSD
+5.4-RELEASE на аппаратной платформе i386 упоминаемой также как FreeBSD/i386 5.4-RELEASE).
+В этом списке находятся устройства, работающие на данной платформе, а также информация об
+отдельных настройках загрузки ядра, которые могут быть полезны при включении поддержки
+новых устройств.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> В этот документ включена информация, специфичная для аппаратной
+платформы i386. Версии информации об оборудовании для других архитектур будут отличаться
+в некоторых деталях.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2. Поддерживаемые процессоры и материнские
+платы</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD/i386 работает на самых разнообразных ``IBM PC совместимых'' компьютерах.
+Поскольку выбор оборудования для этой архитектуры огромен, невозможно дать полный список
+всех комбинаций оборудования, поддерживаемых FreeBSD. Тем не менее, здесь представлены
+некоторые общие правила.</p>
+
+<p>Поддерживаются почти все i386-совместимые процессоры. Поддерживаются все процессоры,
+начиная с 80386, включая 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III,
+Pentium 4 и их варианты, такие как Xeon и Celeron (однако, FreeBSD 5.2-RELEASE и более
+поздние не поддерживают процессор 80386SX processor). Поддерживаются также все i386
+совместимые процессоры AMD, включая Am486, Am5x86, K5, K6 (и варианты), Athlon (включая
+Athlon-MP, Athlon-XP, Athlon-4, и Athlon Thunderbird) и Duron. Поддерживается встроенный
+процессор AMD &Eacute;lan SC520. Transmeta Crusoe распознается и поддерживается, как и
+i386 совместимые процессоры от Cyrix и NexGen.</p>
+
+<p>Для этой архитектуры доступен широкий выбор материнских плат. Поддерживаются
+материнские платы, использующие шины расширения ISA, VLB, EISA, AGP, и PCI. Имеется
+ограниченная поддержка шины расширения MCA (``MicroChannel''), используемой в линейке PC
+IBM PS/2.</p>
+
+<p>Симметричные многопроцессорные системы (SMP) поддерживаются FreeBSD, хотя в некоторых
+случаях ошибки в BIOS или материнской плате могут вызвать проблемы. Внимательное чтение
+архивов <a href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-smp"
+target="_top">Список рассылки, посвящённый поддержке многопроцессорности (SMP) во
+FreeBSD</a> может дать некоторые решения.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD использует преимущества HyperThreading (HTT) на Intel CPU, которые
+поддерживают эту возможность. Ядро с включенным параметром <tt
+class="LITERAL">options SMP</tt> автоматически обнаружит дополнительные логические
+процессоры. Планировщик FreeBSD использует логические процессоры так же, как и
+дополнительные физические процессоры; другими словами, не делается попытки оптимизации
+распределения задач между логическими процессорами внутри одного CPU. Поскольку такое
+планирование может вызвать понижение производительности, при определенных условиях может
+быть полезным отключение логических процессоров переменной sysctl <code
+class="VARNAME">machdep.hlt_logical_cpus</code>. Возможен также останов любого CPU в
+цикле ожидания переменной sysctl <code class="VARNAME">machdep.hlt_cpus</code>. Страница
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">smp</span>(4)</span></a> содержит
+более подробную информацию.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD использует преимущество Physical Address Extensions (PAE) на CPU,
+поддерживающих эту возможность. Ядро с включенным <tt class="LITERAL">PAE</tt> обнаружит
+память свыше 4 гигабайт и включит использование ее в системе. Эта возможность накладывает
+ограничения на драйвера устройств и другие возможности FreeBSD, которые могут быть
+использованы; обратитесь к странице справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pae&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pae</span>(4)</span></a> за более
+подробной информацией.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD обычно работает на i386 лэптопах, хотя и с различным уровнем поддержки
+определенных возможностей оборудования, таких как звук, графика, управление
+энергопотреблением и слотами расширения PCCARD. Эти возможности на разных компьютерах
+реализованы самыми различными способами, и зачастую требуют специальной поддержки в
+FreeBSD для обхода аппаратных ошибок или нестандартного поведения. При возникновении
+проблем может помочь поиск в архивах <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-mobile" target="_top">Список
+рассылки FreeBSD, посвящённый переносным компьютерам</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Большинство современных лэптопов (как и многие десктопы) используют стандарт Advanced
+Configuration and Power Management (ACPI). FreeBSD поддерживает ACPI через реализацию
+ACPI Component Architecture от Intel, как описано в странице справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi</span>(4)</span></a>.
+Использование ACPI может повлечь нестабильную работу некоторых компьютеров и может
+потребоваться отключение ACPI драйвера, который обычно загружается через модуль ядра. Это
+может быть выполнено путем добавления к <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt>
+следующей строки:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"
+</pre>
+
+<p>Пользователи, выполняющие отладку ACPI, могут отключать ACPI по частям. Страница
+справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi</span>(4)</span></a> содержит
+более подробную информацию о том, как сделать это через переменные loader.</p>
+
+<p>ACPI зависит от Differentiated System Descriptor Table (DSDT), находящейся в BIOS
+каждого компьютера. DSDT некоторых компьютеров неполна, что не позволяет ACPI работать
+правильно. Замену DSDT для некоторых компьютеров можно найти в разделе <a
+href="http://acpi.sourceforge.net/dsdt/index.php" target="_top">DSDT</a> сайта проекта <a
+href="http://acpi.sourceforge.net/" target="_top">ACPI4Linux</a>. FreeBSD может
+использовать эти DSDT для перезаписи DSDT, находящихся в BIOS; обратитесь к странице
+справочника <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi</span>(4)</span></a> за более
+подробной информацией.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. Поддерживаемые устройства</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.4.2.1 2005/04/26
+06:38:34 den Exp $
+
+<p>В этом разделе описаны устройства, поддерживаемые FreeBSD на платформе i386. Другие
+конфигурации также могут работать, они просто еще не были протестированы. Приветствуются
+замечания, обновления и исправления этого списка.</p>
+
+<p>Когда это возможно, приводится список драйверов для каждого устройства или класса
+устройств. Если у этого драйвера есть страница справочника в основной поставке FreeBSD
+(что верно для большинства драйверов), на нее дается ссылка. Информация по определенным
+моделям поддерживаемых устройств, контроллеров и т.д. может быть найдена в страницах
+справочника.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Список устройств в этом документе генерируется автоматически из
+страниц справочной системы FreeBSD. Это означает, что некоторые устройства,
+поддерживаемые несколькими драйверами, могут появляться несколько раз.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. Контроллеры дисков</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA контроллеры (драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Адаптеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aic</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включают:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1505 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1510A, AHA-1510B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1520A, AHA-1520B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1522A, AHA-1522B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1535 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Labs SoundBlaster SCSI host adapter (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1460, AHA-1460B, AHA-1460C, AHA-1460D (PC Card)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1030B, AHA-1030P (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-100 (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aha&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aha</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие хост адаптеры SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-154xB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-154xC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-154xCF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-154xCP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1640</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-174x in 154x emulation mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DTC 3290 SCSI controller in 1542 emulation mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram SCSI controllers in 154x emulation mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahb</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие хост адаптеры SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1740</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1742</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1740A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1742A</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие хост адаптеры SCSI и карты контроллеров SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahd</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующее:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901A host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7902 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aac</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AAC-364</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SATA RAID 2410SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SATA RAID 2810SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SATA RAID 21610SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2120S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2200S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130SLP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2230SLP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 5400S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell CERC SATA RAID 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 320/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID 4M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adv</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие контроллеры SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP510/5150</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5140</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5142</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP902/3902</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3905</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3922</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3925</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP930, ABP930U, ABP930UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP960, ABP960U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP542</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP742</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP842</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UA/3940UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3960UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970, ABP970U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP752</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP852</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980, ABP980U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980UA/3980UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-USP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-PCI30 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC-USUP-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adw</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает контроллеры SCSI, включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UW/ABP3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3950U2W</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a> поддерживает
+серии BusLogic MultiMaster ``W'', ``C'', ``S'' и ``A'', и совместимые хост адаптеры
+SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-445C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-445S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-540CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-545C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-545S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic/BusTek BT-640</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-742A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-742A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757CD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-946C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-948</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-956C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-956CD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-958</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-958D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Storage Dimensions SDC3211B / SDC3211F</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>AMI FastDisk Host Adapters, являющиеся клонами BusLogic MultiMaster, поддерживаются
+также драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие RAID адаптеры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DPT Smart Cache Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache II (PM2?2?, PM2022 [EISA], PM2024/PM2124 [PCI]) (Gen2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID II (PM3?2?, PM3021, PM3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache III (PM2?3?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID III (PM3?3?, PM3332 [EISA], PM3334UW [PCI]) (Gen3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache IV (PM2?4?, PM2042 [EISA], PM2044/PM2144 [PCI]) (Gen4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID IV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Адаптеры, поддерживаемые в настоящее время драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=asr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">asr</span>(4)</span></a>, включая
+следующие:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec Zero-Channel SCSI RAID 2000S, 2005S, 2010S, 2015S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2100S, 2110S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ATA-100 RAID 2400A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 3200S, 3210S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 3400S, 3410S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM1554</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM1564</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2554</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2564</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2664</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2754</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2865</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM3754</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM3755U2B / SmartRAID V Millennium</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM3757</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC KZPCC-AC (LVD 1-ch, 4MB or 16MB cache), DEC KZPCC-CE (LVD 3-ch, 64MB cache), DEC
+KZPCC-XC (LVD 1-ch, 16MB cache), DEC KZPCC-XE (LVD 3-ch, 64MB cache) -- rebadged
+SmartRAID V Millennium</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-8X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID i4 133 RAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4ei</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCS16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU42X</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Поддерживается загрузка с этих контроллеров. EISA адаптеры не
+поддерживаются.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arcmsr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">arcmsr</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие карты:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1130</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1130-ML</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1160-ML</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1220</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1230</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1230-ML</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1260-ML</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PDU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PJ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB cache), KZPAC-CA
+(3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however it is
+always advisable to upgrade to the most recent firmware available for the controller.
+Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>Замечание:</b> Поддерживается загрузка с этих контроллеров. EISA адаптеры не
+поддерживаются.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mly&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mly</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 170</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 352</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 2000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 3000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twe</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие контроллеры PATA/SATA RAID:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 5000 series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 6000 series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7000-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7006-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8006-2LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-8MI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-12MI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twa</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие SATA RAID контроллеры:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8MI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12MI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a>
+предоставляет поддержку следующих наборов микросхем контроллеров NCR/Symbios SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие контроллеры Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SCSI контроллеры, поддерживаемые <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>, могут
+быть или встроены в материнскую плату, или находиться на одной из следующих карты
+расширения:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncv</span>(4)</span></a> в
+настоящее время поддерживаются следующие устройства:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA PCSC-DV</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KME KXLC002 (TAXAN ICD-400PN, etc.), KXLC004, and UJDCD450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macnica Miracle SCSI-II mPS110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Media Intelligent MSC-110, MSC-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-J03R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>New Media Corporation BASICS SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic Fast SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9530, REX-5572 (SCSI only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stg&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stg</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Future Domain SCSI2GO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Future Domain TMC-18XX/3260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM SCSI PCMCIA Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ICM PSC-2401 SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5536, REX-5536AM, REX-5536M, REX-9836A</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that the Adaptec 2920C is supported by the ahc(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>Карты, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amd</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-DP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390T</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Контроллеры, поддерживаемые драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+включая:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alpha-Data AD-PCS201</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA CBSC16</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвер <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vpo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vpo</span>(4)</span></a>
+поддерживает следующие parallel to SCSI интерфейсы</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC-7110 Parallel to SCSI interface (built-in to Iomega ZIP drives)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega Jaz Traveller interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega MatchMaker SCSI interface (built-in to Iomega ZIP+ drives)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Драйвером <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ida&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">