diff options
author | Nik Clayton <nik@FreeBSD.org> | 2001-08-21 23:42:44 +0000 |
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committer | Nik Clayton <nik@FreeBSD.org> | 2001-08-21 23:42:44 +0000 |
commit | 09772d9161b1ef3767774cf63069eb49de1d280d (patch) | |
tree | 06f2c35c180f04d0782ff490ce20a8d9c091bc37 /en_US.ISO8859-1 | |
parent | cd53ebd94e4145d356c9d13eed55192541ebfdf8 (diff) | |
download | doc-09772d9161b1ef3767774cf63069eb49de1d280d.tar.gz doc-09772d9161b1ef3767774cf63069eb49de1d280d.zip |
Add in a reference to disk-layout.eps, replacing the ASCII art for non-text
users.
Add much more information about the process of labelling a slice to create
partitions.
Notes
Notes:
svn path=/head/; revision=10424
Diffstat (limited to 'en_US.ISO8859-1')
-rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml | 405 |
1 files changed, 301 insertions, 104 deletions
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml index 19d4f8e850..65d968d7ec 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ <!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project - $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml,v 1.93 2001/08/17 23:21:42 nik Exp $ + $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml,v 1.94 2001/08/20 21:46:50 nik Exp $ --> <chapter id="install"> @@ -1493,7 +1493,13 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c hierarchy, and <literal>f</literal> for the <filename>/usr</filename> directory hierarchy.</para> - <literallayout class="monospaced">.-----------------. --. --. + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="install/disk-layout" format="EPS"> + </imageobject> + + <textobject> + <literallayout class="monospaced">.-----------------. --. --. | | | | | DOS / Windows | | | Partition c, no : : > First slice, ad0s1 > filesystem, all @@ -1519,6 +1525,12 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c | | | | | | | --' | | `-----------------' --' --'</literallayout> + </textobject> + + <textobject> + <phrase>Conceptual model of a disk</phrase> + </textobject> + </mediaobject> </example> </sect2> @@ -1738,7 +1750,178 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c </sect2> <sect2 id="disklabeleditor"> - <title>Initial Disklabel Screen</title> + <title>Creating Partitions using + <application>Disklabel</application></title> + + <para>You must now create some partitions inside each slice that you + have just created. Remember that each partition is lettered, from + <literal>a</literal> through to <literal>h</literal>, and that + partitions <literal>b</literal>, <literal>c</literal>, and + <literal>d</literal> have conventional meanings that you should adhere + to.</para> + + <para>Certain applications can benefit from particular partition + schemes, especially if you are laying out partitions across more than + one disk. However, for this, your first FreeBSD installation, you do + not need to give too much thought to how you partition the disk. It + is more important that you install FreeBSD and start learning how to + use it. You can always re-install FreeBSD to change your partition + scheme when you are more familiar with the operating system.</para> + + <para>This scheme features four partitions—one for swap space, and + three for filesystems.</para> + + <table frame="none"> + <title>Partition Layout for First Disk</title> + + <tgroup cols="3"> + <thead> + <row> + <entry>Partition</entry> + + <entry>Filesystem</entry> + + <entry>Size</entry> + + <entry>Description</entry> + </row> + </thead> + + <tbody> + <row> + <entry><literal>a</literal></entry> + + <entry><filename>/</filename></entry> + + <entry>64MB</entry> + + <entry>This is the root file system. Every other filesystem + will be mounted somewhere under this one. 64MB is a + reasonable size for this filesystem. You will not be storing + too much data on it, as a regular FreeBSD install will put + about 40MB of data here. The remaining space is for temporary + data, and also leaves expansion space if future versions of + FreeBSD need more space in <filename>/</filename></entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><literal>b</literal></entry> + + <entry>N/A</entry> + + <entry>2-3 x RAM</entry> + + <entry><para>The system's swap space is kept on this partition. + Choosing the right amount of swap space can be a bit of an + art. A good rule of thumb is that you should have two or + three times the amount of RAM as swap space. So if you have + 64MB of RAM then you should between 128MB and 196MB of swap. + You should also have at least 64MB of swap, so if you have + less than 32MB of RAM in your computer then set the swap + amount to 64MB.</para><para>If you have more than one disk then you can put swap + space on each disk. FreeBSD will then use each disk for + swap, which effectively speeds up the act of swapping. In + this case, calculate the total amount of swap you need + (e.g., 128MB), and then divide this by the number of disks + you have (e.g., two disks) to give the amount of swap you + should put on each disk, in this example, 64MB of swap per + disk.</para></entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><literal>e</literal></entry> + + <entry><filename>/var</filename></entry> + + <entry>50MB</entry> + + <entry>The <filename>/var</filename> directory contains variable + length files; log files, and other administrative files. Many + of these files are read-from or written-to extensively during + FreeBSD's day-to-day running. Putting these files on another + filesystem allows FreeBSD to optimise the access of these + files without affecting other files in other directories that + do not have the same access pattern.</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><literal>f</literal></entry> + + <entry><filename>/usr</filename></entry> + + <entry>Rest of disk</entry> + + <entry>All your other files will typically be stored in + <filename>/usr</filename>, and its subdirectories.</entry> + </row> + </tbody> + </tgroup> + </table> + + <para>If you will be installing FreeBSD on to more than one disk then + you must also create partitions in the other slices that you + configured. The easiest way to do this is to create two partitions on + each disk, one for the swap space, and one for a filesystem.</para> + + <table frame="none"> + <title>Partition Layout for Subsequent Disks</title> + + <tgroup cols="3"> + <thead> + <row> + <entry>Partition</entry> + + <entry>Filesystem</entry> + + <entry>Size</entry> + + <entry>Description</entry> + </row> + </thead> + + <tbody> + <row> + <entry><literal>b</literal></entry> + + <entry>N/A</entry> + + <entry>See description</entry> + + <entry>As already discussed, you can split swap space across + each disk. Even though the <literal>a</literal> partition is + free, convention dictates that swap space stays on the + <literal>b</literal> partition.</entry> + </row> + + <row> + <entry><literal>e</literal></entry> + + <entry>/disk<replaceable>n</replaceable></entry> + + <entry>Rest of disk</entry> + + <entry>The rest of the disk is taken up with one big partition. + This could easily be put on the <literal>a</literal> + partition, instead of the <literal>e</literal> partition. + However, convention says that the <literal>a</literal> + partition on a slice is reserved for the filesystem that will + be the root (<filename>/</filename>) filesystem. You do not + have to follow this convention, but + <application>Sysinstall</application> does, so following it + yourself makes the installation slightly cleaner. You can + choose to mount this filesystem anywhere; this example + suggests that you mount them as directories + <filename>/disk<replaceable>n</replaceable></filename>, where + <replaceable>n</replaceable> is a number that changes for each + disk. But you can use another scheme if you prefer.</entry> + </row> + </tbody> + </tgroup> + </table> + + <para>Having chosen your partition layout you can now create it using + <application>Sysinstall</application>. You will see this + message.</para> <screen> Message Now, you need to create BSD partitions inside of the fdisk @@ -1748,12 +1931,30 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c more specific needs or just don't care for the layout chosen by (A)uto, press F1 for more information on manual layout. - [ OK ] + [ OK ] </screen> - [ Press enter to continue ]</screen> + <para>Press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to start the FreeBSD partition + editor, called <application>Disklabel</application>.</para> + + <para><xref linkend="sysinstall-label"> shows the display when you first + start <application>Disklabel</application>. The display is divided in + to three sections.</para> - <para>There are no partitions shown when you first enter the - editor.</para> + <para>The first few lines show the name of the disk you are currently + working on, and the slice that contains the partitions you are + creating (at this point <application>Disklabel</application> calls + this the <literal>Partition name</literal> rather than slice name). + This display also shows the amount of free space within the slice; + that is, space that was set aside in the slice, but that has not yet + been assigned to a partition.</para> + + <para>The middle of the display shows the partitions that have been + created, the name of the filesystem that each partition contains, + their size, and some options pertaining to the creation of the + filesystem.</para> + + <para>The bottom third of the screen shows the keystrokes that are valid + in <application>Disklabel</application>.</para> <figure id="sysinstall-label"> <title>Sysinstall Disklabel Editor</title> @@ -1765,16 +1966,13 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c </mediaobject> </figure> - <para>Pressing <keycap>F1</keycap> will give instructions for using - the DiskLabel Editor. Press <keycap>Q</keycap> to continue.</para> - </sect2> - - <sect2 id="partitionauto"> - <title>Auto Defaults for Partitions</title> - - <para>Pressing <keycap>A</keycap> displayed the suggested disklabels - for this particular disk size. If a small hard disk is being used, - the default values may be appropriate.</para> + <para><application>Disklabel</application> can automatically create + partitions for you, and assign them default sizes. Try this now, by + Pressing <keycap>A</keycap>. You will see a display similar to that + shown in <xref linkend="sysinstall-label2">. Depending on the size of + the disk you are using the defaults may or may not be appropriate. + This does not matter, as you do not have to accept the + defaults.</para> <figure id="sysinstall-label2"> <title>Sysinstall Disklabel Editor With Auto Defaults</title> @@ -1785,106 +1983,105 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c </imageobject> </mediaobject> </figure> - </sect2> - - <sect2 id="partitionchange"> - <title>Creating Custom Partitions</title> - - <para>Write down the auto defaults for all the file systems (/, - swap, /var, /usr). Using the arrow keys, select the first - partition ( / ) and press <keycap>D</keycap> to delete the - partition. Delete all the partitions in the same manner.</para> - - <para>It is easiest to create the partitions in the same order - shown by the auto default.</para> - - <sect3> - <title>Example Custom Partition</title> - - <para>To create the root partition, first press <keycap>C</keycap> - and a dialog box will appear showing the total - space available in blocks :</para> - - <figure id="sysinstall-label-add"> - <title>Free Space For Root Partition</title> - - <mediaobject> - <imageobject> - <imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-root1" format="PNG"> - </imageobject> - </mediaobject> - </figure> - - <para>This example will set the root partition to 100M. First, delete - the entry using the <keycap>BACKSPACE</keycap> and enter the desired - value :</para> - - <figure id="sysinstall-label-add2"> - <title>Edit Root Partition Size</title> - <mediaobject> - <imageobject> - <imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-root2" format="PNG"> - </imageobject> - </mediaobject> - </figure> + <para>To delete the suggested partitions, and replace them with your + own, use the arrow keys to select the first partition, and press + <keycap>D</keycap> to delete it. Repeat this to delete all the + suggested partitions.</para> - <para>With [OK] highlighted, then press <keycap>Enter</keycap>. The - following dialog box will display :</para> + <para>To create the first partition (<literal>a</literal>, mounted as + <filename>/</filename>), make sure the disk information at the top of + the screen is selected, and press <keycap>C</keycap>. A dialog box + will appear prompting you for the size of the new partition (as shown + in <xref linkend="sysinstall-label-add">). You can enter the size as + the number of disk blocks you want to use, or, more usefully, as a + number followed by either <literal>M</literal> for megabytes, + <literal>G</literal> for gigabytes, or <literal>C</literal> for + cylinders.</para> - <figure id="sysinstall-label-type"> - <title>Choose The Root Partition Type</title> + <figure id="sysinstall-label-add"> + <title>Free Space For Root Partition</title> - <mediaobject> - <imageobject> - <imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-fs" format="PNG"> - </imageobject> - </mediaobject> - </figure> - - <para>The root partition needs to be a file system. With "FS" - and [OK] highlighted, press <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-root1" format="PNG"> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> + </figure> - <para>The next dialog box to appear is to enter the mount - point for the root partition. Enter "/" for the root partition - mount point. With the [OK] highlighted, press - <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para> + <para>The default size shown will create a partition that takes up the + rest of the slice. If you are using the partition sizes described + earlier then delete the existing figure using + <keycap>Backspace</keycap>, and then type in + <userinput>64M</userinput>, as shown in + <xref linkend="sysinstall-label-add2">. Then press + <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para> + + <figure id="sysinstall-label-add2"> + <title>Edit Root Partition Size</title> - <figure id="sysinstall-label-mount"> - <title>Choose The Root Mount Point</title> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-root2" format="PNG"> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> + </figure> - <mediaobject> - <imageobject> - <imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-root3" format="PNG"> - </imageobject> - </mediaobject> - </figure> + <para>Having chosen the partition's size you will then asked whether + this partition will contain a filesystem or swap space. The dialog + box is shown in <xref linkend="sysinstall-label-type">. This first + partition will contain a filesystem, so check that + <guimenuitem>FS</guimenuitem> is selected and then press + <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para> - <para>The swap, /var and /usr partitions are created in the - same way. Be sure to choose "swap" as the filesystem type - for the swap partition.</para> + <figure id="sysinstall-label-type"> + <title>Choose The Root Partition Type</title> + + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-fs" format="PNG"> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> + </figure> + + <para>Finally, because you are creating a filesystem, you must tell + <application>Disklabel</application> where the filesystem is to be + mounted. The dialog box is shown in + <xref linkend="sysinstall-label-mount">. The root filesystem's mount + point is <filename>/</filename>, so type <userinput>/</userinput>, and + then press <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para> - <para>Generally the swap - value is twice the amount of RAM in the system. For this - system, the "swap" partition will be set to 516M.</para> + <figure id="sysinstall-label-mount"> + <title>Choose The Root Mount Point</title> - <para>The "/var" partition will be set to 100M and the "/usr" - partition will get the remaining amount of disk space.</para> + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-root3" format="PNG"> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> + </figure> - <para>Your final FreeBSD DiskLabel Editor screen will appear similar - although your values chosen may be different. Press - <keycap>Q</keycap> to finish.</para> + <para>The display will then update to show you the newly created + partition. You should repeat this procedure for the other + partitions. When you create the swap partition you will not be + prompted for the filesystem mount point, as swap partitions are never + mounted. When you create the final partition, + <filename>/usr</filename>, you can leave the suggested size as is, to + use the rest of the slice.</para> - <figure id="sysinstall-label4"> - <title>Sysinstall Disklabel Editor</title> + <para>Your final FreeBSD DiskLabel Editor screen will appear similar to + <xref linkend="sysinstall-label4">, although your values chosen may + be different. Press <keycap>Q</keycap> to finish.</para> - <mediaobject> - <imageobject> - <imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-ed2" format="PNG"> - </imageobject> - </mediaobject> - </figure> - </sect3> + <figure id="sysinstall-label4"> + <title>Sysinstall Disklabel Editor</title> + + <mediaobject> + <imageobject> + <imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-ed2" format="PNG"> + </imageobject> + </mediaobject> + </figure> </sect2> </sect1> |