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author | Nik Clayton <nik@FreeBSD.org> | 1998-10-21 22:02:39 +0000 |
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committer | Nik Clayton <nik@FreeBSD.org> | 1998-10-21 22:02:39 +0000 |
commit | eb020dff6d6ed8600c080e3b01cb4987119c3c7d (patch) | |
tree | be354905565337446ec1c0dd010f11586fa37c78 /en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook | |
parent | 6d7e38c02a1910cf2e471fb960453259d05c0503 (diff) | |
download | doc-eb020dff6d6ed8600c080e3b01cb4987119c3c7d.tar.gz doc-eb020dff6d6ed8600c080e3b01cb4987119c3c7d.zip |
As previous commit, to line 15126
Notes
Notes:
svn path=/head/; revision=3651
Diffstat (limited to 'en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook')
-rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml | 175 |
1 files changed, 94 insertions, 81 deletions
diff --git a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml index 9cd3e0354f..c62020ea09 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml @@ -11512,11 +11512,13 @@ total 337.00 154 $ 6.74</screen> <para>Before attempting to use disk quotas it is necessary to make sure that quotas are configured in your kernel. This is done by - adding the following line to your kernel configuration file: + adding the following line to your kernel configuration file:</para> <programlisting> options QUOTA - </programlisting> The + </programlisting> + + <para>The stock <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel does not have this enabled by default, so you will have to configure, build and install a custom kernel in order to use disk quotas. Please refer to the @@ -11526,6 +11528,7 @@ options QUOTA <para>Next you will need to enable disk quotas in <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename>. This is done by changing the line: + <programlisting> quotas=NO </programlisting>to: @@ -11537,6 +11540,7 @@ quotas=YES <para>If you are running FreeBSD 2.2.2 or later, the configuration file will be <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> instead and the variable name changed to + <programlisting> check_quotas=YES </programlisting></para> @@ -11546,28 +11550,26 @@ check_quotas=YES can either enable user or group quotas or both for all of your file systems.</para> - <para>To enable per-user quotas on a file system, add the <emphasis - remap=tt>userquota</emphasis> option to the options field in the + <para>To enable per-user quotas on a file system, add the <literal>userquota</literal> option to the options field in the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> entry for the file system you want - to to enable quotas on. For example: + to to enable quotas on. For example:</para> <programlisting> /dev/sd1s2g /home ufs rw,userquota 1 2 - </programlisting></para> + </programlisting> - <para>Similarly, to enable group quotas, use the <emphasis - remap=tt>groupquota</emphasis> option instead of the <emphasis - remap=tt>userquota</emphasis> keyword. To enable both user and - group quotas, change the entry as follows: + <para>Similarly, to enable group quotas, use the + <literal>groupquota</literal> option instead of the <literal>userquota</literal> keyword. To enable both user and + group quotas, change the entry as follows:</para> <programlisting> /dev/sd1s2g /home ufs rw,userquota,groupquota 1 2 - </programlisting></para> + </programlisting> <para>By default the quota files are stored in the root directory of the file system with the names <filename>quota.user</filename> and <filename>quota.group</filename> for user and group quotas - respectively. See <emphasis remap=tt>man fstab</emphasis> for more + respectively. See <command>man fstab</command> for more information. Even though that man page says that you can specify an alternate location for the quota files, this is not recommended since all of the various quota utilities do not seem to handle this @@ -11590,12 +11592,13 @@ check_quotas=YES <title>Setting Quota Limits</title> <para>Once you have configured your system to enable quotas, verify - that they really are enabled. An easy way to do this is to run + that they really are enabled. An easy way to do this is to run</para> <informalexample> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>quota -v</userinput></screen> </informalexample> - You should see a one line summary of + + <para>You should see a one line summary of disk usage and current quota limits for each file system that quotas are enabled on.</para> @@ -11630,7 +11633,7 @@ check_quotas=YES placed into the editor specified by the <envar>EDITOR</envar> environment variable, or in the <command>vi</command> editor if the <envar>EDITOR</envar> variable is not set, to - allow you to edit the quota limits. + allow you to edit the quota limits.</para> <informalexample> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>edquota -u test</userinput></screen> @@ -11642,7 +11645,9 @@ Quotas for user test: inodes in use: 7, limits (soft = 50, hard = 60) /usr/var: blocks in use: 0, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75) inodes in use: 0, limits (soft = 50, hard = 60) - </programlisting> You will + </programlisting> + + <para>You will normally see two lines for each file system that has quotas enabled. One line for the block limits, and one line for inode limits. Simply change the value you want updated to modify the quota limit. @@ -11656,7 +11661,9 @@ Quotas for user test: <programlisting> /usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 500, hard = 600) - </programlisting> The new + </programlisting></para> + + <para>The new quota limits will be in place when you exit the editor.</para> <para>Sometimes it is desirable to set quota limits on a range of @@ -11664,19 +11671,19 @@ Quotas for user test: the <command>edquota</command> command. First, assign the desired quota limit to a user, and then run <command>edquota -p protouser startuid-enduid</command>. For example, if user - <emphasis remap=tt>test</emphasis> has the desired quota limits, the + <username>test</username> has the desired quota limits, the following command can be used to duplicate those quota limits for - uids 10,000 through 19,999: + uids 10,000 through 19,999:</para> <informalexample> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>edquota -p test 10000-19999</userinput></screen> - </informalexample></para> + </informalexample> <para>The ability to specify uid ranges was added to the system after 2.1 was released. If you need this feature on a 2.1 system, you will need to obtain a newer copy of edquota.</para> - <para>See <emphasis remap=tt>man edquota</emphasis> for more detailed + <para>See <command>man edquota</command> for more detailed information.</para> </sect1> @@ -11698,14 +11705,17 @@ Quotas for user test: -v</command> command for a user that has quota limits on two file systems.</para> - <para> - <programlisting>Disk quotas for user test (uid 1002): + + <programlisting> +Disk quotas for user test (uid 1002): Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace /usr 65* 50 75 5days 7 50 60 /usr/var 0 50 75 0 50 60 - </programlisting> On the /usr file system in the above example this + </programlisting> + + <para>On the <filename>/usr</filename> file system in the above example this user is currently 15 blocks over their soft limit of 50 blocks and - has 5 days of their grace period left. Note the asterisk (*) which + has 5 days of their grace period left. Note the asterisk <literal>*</literal> which indicates that the user is currently over their quota limit.</para> <para>Normally file systems that the user is not using any disk space @@ -12096,7 +12106,7 @@ Quotas for user test: various types of known-brokenness and the degree of breakage, listed from worst to best.</para> - <para> + <variablelist> <varlistentry><term>Mercury:</term> <listitem> @@ -12183,7 +12193,7 @@ Quotas for user test: </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> - </para> + </sect3> </sect2> @@ -12214,8 +12224,7 @@ Quotas for user test: Cyrix/IBM 6x86MX processors are all reported to work with FreeBSD. I will not go into details of which processor is faster than what, there are zillions of web sites on the - Internet that tells you one way or another. <emphasis - remap=tt>:)</emphasis></para> + Internet that tells you one way or another. <!-- smiley --><emphasis>:)</emphasis></para> <note> <para>Various CPUs have different voltage/cooling requirements. @@ -12410,7 +12419,7 @@ Quotas for user test: <para>The minimum amount of memory you must have to install FreeBSD is 5 MB. Once your system is up and running you can <xref linkend="kernelconfig-building" remap="build a custom kernel"> - that will use less memory. If you use the boot4.flp you can get + that will use less memory. If you use the <filename>boot4.flp</filename> you can get away with having only 4 MB.</para> </sect2> @@ -12616,7 +12625,7 @@ Quotas for user test: <para>In RS232-C, a value of <literal>1</literal> is called a <literal>Mark</literal> and a value of <literal>0</literal> is called a <literal>Space</literal>. When a communication line - is idle, the line is said to be "Marking", or transmitting + is idle, the line is said to be <quote>Marking</quote>, or transmitting continuous <literal>1</literal> values.</para> <para>The Start bit always has a value of <literal>0</literal> (a Space). The @@ -13147,7 +13156,7 @@ INS8250 -> INS8250B \-> NS16550 -> NS16550A -> PC16550D </programlisting> - <para> + <variablelist> <varlistentry><term>INS8250</term> <listitem> @@ -13255,7 +13264,7 @@ INS8250 -> INS8250B </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> - </para> + </sect5> @@ -13295,15 +13304,15 @@ INS8250 -> INS8250B <sect5> <title>National Semiconductor Part Numbering System</title> - <para>The older NS<emphasis>nnnnnrqp</emphasis> part numbers + <para>The older NS<replaceable>nnnnnrqp</replaceable> part numbers are now of the format - PC<emphasis>nnnnnrgp</emphasis>.</para> + PC<replaceable>nnnnnrgp</replaceable>.</para> - <para>The <emphasis>r</emphasis> is the revision field. The + <para>The <replaceable>r</replaceable> is the revision field. The current revision of the 16550 from National Semiconductor is <literal>D</literal>.</para> - <para>The <emphasis>p</emphasis> is the package-type field. + <para>The <replaceable>p</replaceable> is the package-type field. The types are: <informaltable frame="none"> @@ -13331,7 +13340,7 @@ INS8250 -> INS8250B </tgroup> </informaltable></para> - <para>The "<emphasis>g</emphasis>" is the product grade field. + <para>The <replaceable>g</replaceable> is the product grade field. If an <literal>I</literal> precedes the package-type letter, it indicates an <quote>industrial</quote> grade part, which has higher specs than a standard part but not as high as Military Specification @@ -13370,7 +13379,7 @@ INS8250 -> INS8250B market comparisons even though the effective performance may be lowered by this action.</para> - <para>A common misconception is that all parts with <QUOTE>16550A</QUOTE> + <para>A common misconception is that all parts with <quote>16550A</quote> written on them are identical in performance. There are differences, and in some cases, outright flaws in most of these 16550A clones.</para> @@ -13401,7 +13410,7 @@ INS8250 -> INS8250B components.</para> <para>National Semiconductor has made available a program named - COMTEST that performs compatibility tests independent of any + <application>COMTEST</application> that performs compatibility tests independent of any OS drivers. It should be remembered that the purpose of this type of program is to demonstrate the flaws in the products of the competition, so the program will report major as well as @@ -13568,7 +13577,7 @@ INS8250 -> INS8250B <para>A description of the I/O ports of the 8250/16450/16550 UART is provided below.</para> - <informaltable> + <informaltable frame="none"> <tgroup cols="3"> <thead> <row> @@ -14328,7 +14337,7 @@ INS8250 -> INS8250B operating systems do not support features beyond those provided by the 16550.</para> - <para> + <variablelist> <varlistentry><term>ST16650</term> <listitem> @@ -14358,7 +14367,7 @@ INS8250 -> INS8250B </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> - </para> + <para>In addition to these <quote>dumb</quote> UARTs, many vendors produce intelligent serial communication boards. This type of design @@ -14425,7 +14434,7 @@ device sio11 at isa? port 0x138 tty flags 0xb05 irq 9 vector siointr are pretty straightforward, but you will need a couple things to make it work:</para> - <para> + <orderedlist> <listitem> @@ -14444,7 +14453,7 @@ device sio11 at isa? port 0x138 tty flags 0xb05 irq 9 vector siointr </listitem> </orderedlist> - </para> + <para>One important note - the actual UART chips for the Boca 16 are in the connector box, not on the internal board itself. So @@ -14479,7 +14488,7 @@ options COM_MULTIPORT to why.) The following example is for a Boca Board with an interrupt of 3, and a base IO address 100h. The IO address for Each port is +8 hexadecimal from the - previous port, thus the 100h, 108h, 110h... addresses. + previous port, thus the 100h, 108h, 110h... addresses.</para> <programlisting> device sio1 at isa? port 0x100 tty flags 0x1005 @@ -14489,10 +14498,12 @@ device sio4 at isa? port 0x118 tty flags 0x1005 … device sio15 at isa? port 0x170 tty flags 0x1005 device sio16 at isa? port 0x178 tty flags 0x1005 irq 3 vector siointr - </programlisting> The flags entry + </programlisting> + + <para>The flags entry <emphasis>must</emphasis> be changed from this example unless you are using the exact same sio assignments. - Flags are set according to 0x<option><replaceable>M</replaceable><replaceable>YY</replaceable></option> + Flags are set according to 0x<replaceable>M</replaceable><replaceable>YY</replaceable> where <replaceable>M</replaceable> indicates the minor number of the master port (the last port on a Boca 16) and <replaceable>YY</replaceable> indicates if FIFO is enabled or @@ -14517,7 +14528,7 @@ flags 0x1005 set to the correct address and IRQ, your boot message should indicate the successful probe of the Boca ports as follows: (obviously the sio numbers, IO and IRQ could - be different) + be different)</para> <informalexample> <screen>sio1 at 0x100-0x107 flags 0x1005 on isa @@ -14552,7 +14563,9 @@ sio15 at 0x170-0x177 flags 0x1005 on isa sio15: type 16550A (multiport) sio16 at 0x178-0x17f irq 3 flags 0x1005 on isa sio16: type 16550A (multiport master)</screen> - </informalexample> If the messages go by too fast to + </informalexample> + + <para>If the messages go by too fast to see, <informalexample> @@ -14565,7 +14578,8 @@ sio16: type 16550A (multiport master)</screen> <para>Next, appropriate entries in <filename>/dev</filename> for the devices must be made using the <filename>/dev/MAKEDEV</filename> script. - After becoming root: + After becoming root:</para> + <informalexample> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput> &prompt.root; <userinput>./MAKEDEV tty1</userinput> @@ -14573,7 +14587,9 @@ sio16: type 16550A (multiport master)</screen> <emphasis>(everything in between)</emphasis> &prompt.root; <userinput>./MAKEDEV ttyg</userinput> &prompt.root; <userinput>./MAKEDEV cuag</userinput></screen> - </informalexample> If you do not want or need callout + </informalexample> + + <para>If you do not want or need callout devices for some reason, you can dispense with making the <filename>cua*</filename> devices.</para> </step> @@ -14638,7 +14654,7 @@ device cy0 at isa? tty irq 10 iomem 0xd4000 iosiz 0x2000 vector cyintr <para>If appropriate, add <xref linkend="dialup" remap="dialup"> entries to <xref linkend="dialup-ttys" remap="/etc/ttys"> - by duplicating serial device (<literal>ttyd</literal>) entries and using <literal>ttyc</literal> in place of <literal>ttyd</literal>. For example: + by duplicating serial device (<literal>ttyd</literal>) entries and using <literal>ttyc</literal> in place of <literal>ttyd</literal>. For example:</para> <programlisting> ttyc0 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure @@ -14646,7 +14662,7 @@ ttyc1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure ttyc2 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure … ttyc7 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure - </programlisting></para> + </programlisting> </step> <step> @@ -14815,8 +14831,7 @@ ttyc7 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure <para>It is not hard to imagine that 15 Mbits/second drive cause problems on controllers laid out for 10 Mbits/second. As - always, consult your controller <emphasis - remap=it>and</emphasis> drive documentation to see if + always, consult your controller <emphasis>and</emphasis> drive documentation to see if things match.</para> </sect4> @@ -14934,11 +14949,13 @@ ttyc7 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure per track (the old ST412 standard). Newer system BIOSes usually have a user-defined drive type (in most cases this is drive type 47).</para> - - <para><emphasis>Whatever you do to translations after reading + + <warning> + <para>Whatever you do to translations after reading this document, keep in mind that if you have multiple operating systems on the same disk, all must use the same - translation</emphasis></para> + translation</para> + </warning> <para>While on the subject of translations, I have seen one controller type (but there are probably more like this) offer @@ -14965,9 +14982,7 @@ ttyc7 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure operating system sees a 'perfect' disk without bad sectors. In the case of FreeBSD this concept is not usable.</para> - <para>The problem is that the translation from <emphasis - remap=it>bad</emphasis> to <emphasis - remap=it>good</emphasis> is performed by the BIOS of the + <para>The problem is that the translation from <emphasis>bad</emphasis> to <emphasis>good</emphasis> is performed by the BIOS of the ESDI controller. FreeBSD, being a true 32 bit operating system, does not use the BIOS after it has been booted. Instead, it has device drivers that talk directly to the @@ -14986,8 +15001,7 @@ ttyc7 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure <para>The preceding section leaves us with a problem. The controller's bad block handling is not usable and still FreeBSD's filesystems assume perfect media without any flaws. - To solve this problem, FreeBSD use the <emphasis - remap=it>bad144</emphasis> tool. Bad144 (named after a + To solve this problem, FreeBSD use the <command>bad144</command> tool. Bad144 (named after a Digital Equipment standard for bad block handling) scans a FreeBSD slice for bad blocks. Having found these bad blocks, it writes a table with the offending block numbers to the end @@ -14995,13 +15009,13 @@ ttyc7 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure <para>When the disk is in operation, the disk accesses are checked against the table read from the disk. Whenever a - block number is requested that is in the bad144 list, a + block number is requested that is in the <command>bad144</command> list, a replacement block (also from the end of the FreeBSD slice) is - used. In this way, the bad144 replacement scheme presents + used. In this way, the <command>bad144</command> replacement scheme presents 'perfect' media to the FreeBSD filesystems.</para> <para>There are a number of potential pitfalls associated with - the use of bad144. First of all, the slice cannot have more + the use of <command>bad144</command>. First of all, the slice cannot have more than 126 bad sectors. If your drive has a high number of bad sectors, you might need to divide it into multiple FreeBSD slices each containing less than 126 bad sectors. Stay away @@ -15029,9 +15043,8 @@ ttyc7 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure <sect4> <title>Kernel configuration</title> - <para>ESDI disks are handled by the same <emphasis - remap=it>wd</emphasis>driver as IDE and ST412 MFM disks. The - <emphasis remap=it>wd</emphasis> driver should work for all + <para>ESDI disks are handled by the same <literal>wd</literal>driver as IDE and ST412 MFM disks. The + <literal>wd</literal> driver should work for all WD1003 compatible interfaces.</para> <para>Most hardware is jumperable for one of two different I/O @@ -15069,25 +15082,25 @@ disk wd3 at wdc1 drive 1 controlled by a ACB-2320. No other operating system was present on the disk.</para> - <para>To do so I low level formatted the disk using NEFMT.EXE - (<emphasis remap=it>ftp</emphasis>able from - <filename>www.adaptec.com</filename>) and answered NO to the + <para>To do so I low level formatted the disk using <command>NEFMT.EXE</command> + (<command>ftp</command>able from + <hostid role="fqdn">www.adaptec.com</hostid>) and answered NO to the question whether the disk should be formatted with a spare sector on each track. The BIOS on the ACD-2320 was disabled. I - used the 'free configurable' option in the system BIOS to + used the <literal>free configurable</literal> option in the system BIOS to allow the BIOS to boot it.</para> - <para>Before using NEFMT.EXE I tried to format the disk using + <para>Before using <command>NEFMT.EXE</command> I tried to format the disk using the ACB-2320 BIOS builtin formatter. This proved to be a show stopper, because it did not give me an option to disable spare sectoring. With spare sectoring enabled the FreeBSD - installation process broke down on the bad144 run.</para> + installation process broke down on the <command>bad144</command> run.</para> - <para>Please check carefully which ACB-232xy variant you have. - The x is either 0 or 2, indicating a controller without or + <para>Please check carefully which ACB-232<replaceable>xy</replaceable> variant you have. + The <replaceable>x</replaceable> is either <literal>0</literal> or <literal>2</literal>, indicating a controller without or with a floppy controller on board.</para> - <para>The y is more interesting. It can either be a blank, a + <para>The <literal>y</literal> is more interesting. It can either be a blank, a <literal>A-8</literal> or a <literal>D</literal>. A blank indicates a plain 10 Mbits/second controller. An <literal>A-8</literal> indicates a 15 Mbits/second controller capable of handling 52 sectors/track. A <literal>D</literal> means a 15 @@ -15110,7 +15123,7 @@ disk wd3 at wdc1 drive 1 <para>To get it to work, I had to disable the sector translation and the WD1007's onboard BIOS. This implied I could not use the low-level formatter built into this BIOS. Instead, I - grabbed WDFMT.EXE from www.wdc.com Running this formatted my + grabbed <command>WDFMT.EXE</command> from <hostid role="fqdn">www.wdc.com</hostid> Running this formatted my drive just fine.</para> </sect4> @@ -28067,7 +28080,7 @@ THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. # Date created: 5 December 1994 # Whom: asami # -# $Id: book.sgml,v 1.38 1998-10-21 22:00:19 nik Exp $ +# $Id: book.sgml,v 1.39 1998-10-21 22:02:39 nik Exp $ # DISTNAME= oneko-1.1b |