diff options
author | John Fieber <jfieber@FreeBSD.org> | 1997-09-13 04:24:28 +0000 |
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committer | John Fieber <jfieber@FreeBSD.org> | 1997-09-13 04:24:28 +0000 |
commit | 7ee5688134af37945c2abd0c708697e703333907 (patch) | |
tree | 1e951a80c97add4f595f22970d2984b617679667 /en_US.ISO_8859-1 | |
parent | 8752165cd8bf780ac75c7f911da2141d621a79f0 (diff) | |
download | doc-7ee5688134af37945c2abd0c708697e703333907.tar.gz doc-7ee5688134af37945c2abd0c708697e703333907.zip |
New disk formatting tutorial.
Submitted by: dwhite@resnet.uoregon.edu
Notes
Notes:
svn path=/head/; revision=1949
Diffstat (limited to 'en_US.ISO_8859-1')
-rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO_8859-1/articles/formatting-media/Makefile | 7 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO_8859-1/articles/formatting-media/article.sgml | 418 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO_8859-1/tutorials/Makefile | 4 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO_8859-1/tutorials/index.sgml | 6 |
4 files changed, 431 insertions, 4 deletions
diff --git a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/articles/formatting-media/Makefile b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/articles/formatting-media/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..158bc4d801 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/articles/formatting-media/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# $Id: Makefile,v 1.1 1997-09-13 04:24:23 jfieber Exp $ + +DOCS= diskformat.docb +INDEXLINK= diskformat.html + +.include "../../web.mk" + diff --git a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/articles/formatting-media/article.sgml b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/articles/formatting-media/article.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..474648ed69 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/articles/formatting-media/article.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,418 @@ +<!DOCTYPE BOOK PUBLIC "-//Davenport//DTD DocBook V3.0//EN"> +<!-- $Id: article.sgml,v 1.1 1997-09-13 04:24:28 jfieber Exp $ --> +<book> + +<bookinfo> +<bookbiblio> +<title>Formatting Media For Use With FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE</title> +<subtitle>A Tutorial</subtitle> + +<authorgroup> +<author> +<firstname>Doug</firstname> +<surname>White</surname> +<affiliation> +<address><email>dwhite@resnet.uoregon.edu</email></address> +</affiliation> +</author> +</authorgroup> + +<pubdate>March 1997</pubdate> +<abstract><para>This document describes how to slice, partition, and +format hard disk drives and similar media for use with FreeBSD. The +examples given have been tested under FreeBSD 2.2-GAMMA and may work +for other releases. </para> +</abstract> +</bookbiblio> +</bookinfo> + +<chapter> +<title>Introduction & Definitions</title> + +<sect1> +<title>Overview</title> +<para>Successfully adding disks to an existing system is the mark of an +experienced system administrator. Slicing, partitioning, and adding +disks requires a careful dance of proper command and name syntax. One +slipped finger and an entire disk could disappear in seconds. This +document is written in an attempt to simplify this process and avoid +accidents. Thankfully, enhancements to existing tools (notably +sysinstall) have greatly improved this process in recent releases of +FreeBSD. </para> + +<para>There are two possible modes of disk formatting: +<itemizedlist> + +<listitem><para><firstterm>compatibility mode</firstterm>: Arranging a +disk so that it has a slice table for use with other operating +systems.</para> </listitem> + +<listitem><para><firstterm>dangerously dedicated mode</firstterm>: +Formatting a disk with no slice table. This makes the process of +adding disks easier, however non-FreeBSD operating systems may not +accept the disk. </para> </listitem> +</itemizedlist> +</para> + +<para>For most cases, dedicated mode is the easiest to set up and use +in existing systems, as a new disk is usually dedicated entirely to +FreeBSD. However, compatibility mode insures optimum interoperability +with future installations at a cost of increased complexity.</para> + +<para>In addition to selecting the mode, two methods of slicing the +disk are available. One is using the system installation tool +<command>/stand/sysinstall</command>. 2.1.7-RELEASE and later +versions of <command>sysinstall</command> contain code to ease setup +of disks during normal system operation, mainly allowing access to the +Label and Partition editors and a Write feature which will update just +the selected disk and slice without affecting other disks. The other +method is running the tools manually from a root command line. For +dangerously dedicated mode, only three or four commands are involved +while <command>sysinstall</command> requires some manipulation.</para> +</sect1> +<sect1> +<title>Definitions</title> + +<para>UNIX disk management over the centuries has invented many new +definitions for old words. The following glossary covers the +definitions used in this document and (hopefully) for FreeBSD in +general. </para> + +<!-- I'm tempted to use GLOSSARY here but will resort to a list for +now. --> + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para>compatibility mode: Arranging a disk so that it has a slice +table for use with other operating systems. Oppose dangerously +dedicated mode.</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para>dangerously dedicated mode: Formatting a disk with no slice +table. This makes the process of adding disks easier, however +non-FreeBSD operating systems may not accept the disk. Oppose +compatibility mode.</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para>disk: A circular disc, covered with magnetic or similarly +manipulable material, spun by a motor under a head. Data is stored on +the disk by changing the pattern of magnetism on the disc, which can +be later read. Hard disks, CD-ROMs, Magneto-optical,and Zip/Jaz +removables are examples of disks.</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para>slice: A division of a disk. Up to four slices are permitted on one +disk in the PC standard. Slices are composed of contiguous sectors. +Slices are recorded in a <quote>slice table</quote> used by the system BIOS to +locate bootable partitions. The slice table is usually called the +Partition Table in DOS parlance. Maintained by the fdisk utility.</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para>partition: A division of a slice. Usually used in reference +to divisions of the FreeBSD slice of a disk. Each filesystem and swap +area on a disk resides in a partition. Maintained using the disklabel +utility.</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para>sector: Smallest subdivision of a disk. One sector usually +represents 512 bytes of data.</para></listitem> + +</itemizedlist> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Warnings & Pitfalls</title> + +<para>Building disks is not something to take lightly. It is quite possible +to destroy the contents of other disks in your system if the proper +precautions are not taken.</para> + +<para>In particular, note the following: +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para><emphasis>Type carefully.</> One wrong number can wipe out +the wrong disk. Double check your typing before entering the command. When +in doubt consult the kernel boot output for the proper device.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para><emphasis>Never set up a boot disk as dangerously dedicated.</> Some PC BIOSs cannot understand the bootblocks and start your system properly. +Make the first disk in <quote>compatibility mode</quote> just to be safe. +Subsequent non-booting disks are OK to dangerously dedicate.</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> +</para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Zip, Jaz, and Other Removables</title> + +<para>Removable disks can be formatted in the same way as normal hard +disks. It is essential to have the disk drive connected to the system +and a disk placed in the drive during startup, so the kernel can +determine the drive's geometry. Check the <command>dmesg</command> +output and make sure your device and the disk's size is listed. If +the kernel reports +<informalexample> +<screen> +Can't get the size +</screen> +</informalexample> +then the disk was not in the drive. In this case, you will need to restart the +machine before attempting to format disks. +</para> +</sect1> + +</chapter> +<chapter> +<title>Formatting Disks in Dedicated Mode</title> + +<sect1> +<title>Introduction</title> + +<para>This section details how to make disks that are totally dedicated to +FreeBSD. Remember, dedicated mode disks cannot be booted by the PC +architecture.</para> + +</sect1> +<sect1> +<title>Making Dedicated Mode Disks using Sysinstall</title> + +<para><command>/stand/sysinstall</command>, the system installation +utility, has been expanded in recent versions to make the process of +dividing disks properly a less tiring affair. The fdisk and disklabel +editors built into sysinstall are GUI tools that remove much of the +confusion from slicing disks. For FreeBSD versions 2.1.7 and later, +this is perhaps the simplest way to slice disks.</para> + +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para>Start sysinstall as root by typing +<informalexample> +<screen><userinput>/stand/sysinstall</userinput></screen> +</informalexample> +from the command prompt.</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para>Select <command>Index</command>.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>Select <command>Partition</command>.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>Select the disk to edit with arrow keys and +<keycap>SPACE</keycap>.</para> +</listitem> +<listitem><para>If you are using this entire disk for FreeBSD, select +<command>A</command>.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>When asked: +<informalexample> +<screen> +Do you want to do this with a true partition entry so as to remain +cooperative with any future possible operating systems on the +drive(s)? +</screen> +</informalexample>answer <command>No</command>.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>When asked if you still want to do this, answer +<command>Yes</command>.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>Select <command>Write</command>.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>When warned about Writing on installed systems, answer +<command>Yes</command>.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para><command>Quit</command>the FDISK Editor and +<keycap>ESCAPE</keycap> back to the Index menu.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>Select <command>Label</command> from the Index +menu.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>Label as desired. For a single partition, enter +<command>C</command> to Create a partition, accept the +default size, partition type Filesystem, and a mountpoint (which isn't +used).</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>Enter <command>W</command> when done and confirm to +continue. The filesystem will be newfs'd for you, unless you select +otherwise (for news partitions you'll want to do this!). You'll get +the error: +<informalexample> +<screen>Error mounting /mnt/dev/wd2s1e on /mnt/blah : No such file or directory </screen> +</informalexample> +Ignore. +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>Exit out by repeatedly pressing <keycap>ESCAPE</keycap>.</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + +</sect1> +<sect1> +<title>Making Dedicated Mode Disks Using the Command Line</title> + + +<para>Execute the following commands, replacing wd2 with the disk +name. Lines beginning with # are comments. </para> +<informalexample> +<screen> +<userinput> + dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rwd2 count=2 + disklabel /dev/rwd2 | disklabel -B -R -r wd2 /dev/stdin + # We only want one partition, so using slice 'c' should be fine: + newfs /dev/rwd2c +</userinput> +</screen> +</informalexample> + +<para> If you need to edit the disklabel to create multiple +partitions (such as swap), use the following: </para> + +<informalexample> +<screen> +<userinput> + dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rwd2 count=2 + disklabel /dev/r$d > /tmp/label + # Edit disklabel to add partitions: + vi /tmp/label + disklabel -B -R -r wd2 /tmp/label + # newfs partitions appropriately +</userinput> +</screen> +</informalexample> + +<para>Your disk is now ready for use.</para> + +</sect1> +</chapter> + +<chapter> +<title>Making Compatibility Mode Disks</title> + +<sect1> +<title>Introduction</title> +<para>The command line is the easiest way to make dedicated disks, and +the worst way to make compatibility disks. The command-line fdisk +utility requires higher math skills and an in-depth understanding of +the slice table, which is more than most people want to deal with. +Use sysinstall for compatibility disks, as described below.</para> + +</sect1> +<sect1> + +<title>Making Compatibility Mode Disks Using Sysinstall</title> + +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para>Start sysinstall as root by typing +<informalexample> +<screen><userinput>/stand/sysinstall</></screen> +</informalexample> +from the command prompt.</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para>Select <command>Index</command>.</para> </listitem> +<listitem><para>Select <command>Partition</command>.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>Select the disk to edit with arrow keys and +<keycap>SPACE</keycap>. +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>If you are using this entire disk for FreeBSD, select +<command>A</command>.</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para>When asked: +<informalexample> +<screen> +Do you want to do this with a true partition entry so as to remain +cooperative with any future possible operating systems on the +drive(s)? +</screen> +</informalexample> answer <command>yes</command>.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>Select <command>Write</command>.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>When asked to install the boot manager, select None with +<keycap>SPACE</keycap> then hit <keycap>ENTER</keycap> for OK.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para><command>Quit</command> the FDISK Editor.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>You'll be asked about the boot manager, select +<command>None</command> +again. </para></listitem> +<listitem><para>Select <command>Label</command> from the Index +menu.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>Label as desired. For a single partition, accept the +default size, type filesystem, and a mountpoint (which isn't +used).</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>The filesystem will be newfs'd for you, unless you select otherwise (for news partitions you'll want to do this!). You'll get the error: +<informalexample> +<screen> +Error mounting /mnt/dev/wd2s1e on /mnt/blah : No such file or directory </screen> +</informalexample> +Ignore. +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>Exit out by repeatedly pressing <keycap>ESCAPE</keycap>.</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + +<para>Your new disk is now ready for use.</para> + +</sect1> +</chapter> + +<chapter> +<title>Other Disk Operations</title> +<sect1> +<title>Adding Swap Space</title> + +<para>As a system grows, it's need for swap space can also grow. +Although adding swap space to existing disks is very difficult, a new +disk can be partitioned with additional swap space. </para> + +<para>To add swap space when adding a disk to a system: +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para>When partitioning the disk, edit the disklabel and +allocate the amount of swap space to add in partition `b' and the +remainder in another partition, such as `a' or `e'. The size is given +in 512 byte blocks. </para></listitem> +<listitem><para>When newfsing the drive, do NOT newfs the `c' +partition. Instead, newfs the partition where the non-swap space +lies.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>Add an entry to <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> as follows: +<informalexample> +<programlisting> +/dev/wd0b none swap sw 0 0 +</programlisting> +</informalexample> +Change /dev/wd0b to the device of the newly added +space.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>To make the new space immediately available, use the +<command>swapon</command> command. +<informalexample> +<screen> +<userinput> +$ swapon /dev/sd0b +</userinput> +swapon: added /dev/sd0b as swap space +</screen> +</informalexample> +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> +</para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Copying the Contents of Disks</title> +<!-- Should have specific tag --> +<para>Submitted By: Renaud Waldura (<email>renaud@softway.com</email>) </para> + +<para>To move file from your original base disk to the fresh new one, +do: +<informalexample> +<screen> +<userinput> +mount /dev/wd2 /mnt +pax -r -w -p e /usr/home /mnt +umount /mnt +rm -rf /usr/home/* +mount /dev/wd2 /usr/home +</userinput> +</screen> +</informalexample> +</para> +</sect1> +</chapter> + +<chapter> +<title>Credits</title> + + + +<para>The author would like to thank the following individuals for +their contributions to this project: +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para>Darryl Okahata +(<email>darrylo@hpnmhjw.sr.hp.com</email>) for his +simple dedicated mode setup documentation which I have used repeatedly +on freebsd-questions.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>Jordan Hubbard +(<email>jkh@freebsd.org</email>) for making +sysinstall useful for this type of task.</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>John Fieber +(<email>jfieber@indiana.edu</email>) for making +information and examples of the DocBook DTD on which this document is +based.</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> +</para> + +</chapter> + + + +</book> diff --git a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/tutorials/Makefile b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/tutorials/Makefile index 8bbad8a871..0434928bee 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/tutorials/Makefile +++ b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/tutorials/Makefile @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -# $Id: Makefile,v 1.10 1997-07-01 03:52:20 max Exp $ +# $Id: Makefile,v 1.11 1997-09-13 04:24:09 jfieber Exp $ DOCS?= index.sgml -SUBDIR= devel disklessx fonts mh multios newuser upgrade +SUBDIR= devel diskformat disklessx fonts mh multios newuser upgrade DOCSUBDIR= ddwg ppp .if defined $(NEW_BUILD) diff --git a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/tutorials/index.sgml b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/tutorials/index.sgml index d7a896fd4d..086a2e6baf 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/tutorials/index.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/tutorials/index.sgml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN" [ <!ENTITY base CDATA ".."> -<!ENTITY date "$Date: 1997-07-01 03:52:21 $"> +<!ENTITY date "$Date: 1997-09-13 04:24:12 $"> <!ENTITY title "FreeBSD Tutorials"> <!ENTITY % includes SYSTEM "../includes.sgml"> %includes; ]> -<!-- $Id: index.sgml,v 1.14 1997-07-01 03:52:21 max Exp $ --> +<!-- $Id: index.sgml,v 1.15 1997-09-13 04:24:12 jfieber Exp $ --> <html> &header; @@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ <li><a href="http://www.cypher.net/~black/ipalias.html">IP Aliasing</a></li> <li><a href="upgrade/upgrade.html">Upgrading FreeBSD from source</a></li> + <li><a href="diskformat/diskformat.html">Formatting Media For Use With FreeBSD +2.2-RELEASE</a></li> </ul> |