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| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/book.xml | 1528 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/zh_TW.po | 5137 |
2 files changed, 1990 insertions, 4675 deletions
diff --git a/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/book.xml b/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/book.xml index 76a48a0e9b..ae89191ad6 100644 --- a/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/book.xml +++ b/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/book.xml @@ -1,26 +1,54 @@ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/share/xml/freebsd50.dtd" [ <!ENTITY bibliography SYSTEM "../../../share/xml/bibliography.xml"> -<!ENTITY rel.numbranch "3"> +<!ENTITY rel.numbranch "2"> <!-- number of branches that follow in this list --><!ENTITY rel.head "<emphasis xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>12-CURRENT</emphasis>"> -<!ENTITY rel.head.relx "12.<replaceable xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>X</replaceable>"> +<!ENTITY rel.head.relx "13.<replaceable xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>X</replaceable>"> <!ENTITY rel.head.releng "<symbol xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>head/</symbol>"> -<!ENTITY rel.relx "11.<replaceable xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>X</replaceable>"> -<!ENTITY rel.stable "<emphasis xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>11-STABLE</emphasis>"> -<!ENTITY rel.releng "<symbol xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>stable/11/</symbol>"> -<!ENTITY rel.relengdate "April 2016"> -<!ENTITY rel2.relx "10.<replaceable xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>X</replaceable>"> -<!ENTITY rel2.stable "<emphasis xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>10-STABLE</emphasis>"> -<!ENTITY rel2.releng "<symbol xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>stable/10/</symbol>"> -<!ENTITY rel2.relengdate "August 2015"> +<!ENTITY rel.relx "12.<replaceable xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>X</replaceable>"> +<!ENTITY rel.stable "<emphasis xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>12-STABLE</emphasis>"> +<!ENTITY rel.releng "<symbol xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>stable/12/</symbol>"> +<!ENTITY rel.relengdate "December 2018"> +<!ENTITY rel2.relx "11.<replaceable xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>X</replaceable>"> +<!ENTITY rel2.stable "<emphasis xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>11-STABLE</emphasis>"> +<!ENTITY rel2.releng "<symbol xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>stable/11/</symbol>"> +<!ENTITY rel2.relengdate "October 2016"> ]> <book xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="5.0" xml:lang="zh_TW"> <info> - <title>FreeBSD 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 常見問答集</title> + <title xml:lang="en">Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD + 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and 12.<replaceable>X</replaceable></title> <author><orgname>FreeBSD 文件計畫</orgname></author> - <copyright><year>1995</year> <year>1996</year> <year>1997</year> <year>1998</year> <year>1999</year> <year>2000</year> <year>2001</year> <year>2002</year> <year>2003</year> <year>2004</year> <year>2005</year> <year>2006</year> <year>2007</year> <year>2008</year> <year>2009</year> <year>2010</year> <year>2011</year> <year>2012</year> <year>2013</year> <year>2014</year> <year>2015</year> <year>2016</year> <year>2017</year> <holder>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</holder></copyright> + <copyright xml:lang="en"> + <year>1995</year> + <year>1996</year> + <year>1997</year> + <year>1998</year> + <year>1999</year> + <year>2000</year> + <year>2001</year> + <year>2002</year> + <year>2003</year> + <year>2004</year> + <year>2005</year> + <year>2006</year> + <year>2007</year> + <year>2008</year> + <year>2009</year> + <year>2010</year> + <year>2011</year> + <year>2012</year> + <year>2013</year> + <year>2014</year> + <year>2015</year> + <year>2016</year> + <year>2017</year> + <year>2018</year> + + <holder>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</holder> + </copyright> <legalnotice xml:id="legalnotice"> @@ -82,7 +110,12 @@ <releaseinfo xml:lang="en">$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo> <abstract> - <para>這份文件是 FreeBSD 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 和 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 常見問答集 ( <acronym>(FAQ)</acronym> )。我們盡可能地讓這份 <acronym>FAQ</acronym> 提供有用的資訊 ; 如果您有任何改善建議，請寄到 <link xlink:href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc">FreeBSD 文件計畫郵件論壇</link>。</para> + <para xml:lang="en">This is the Frequently Asked Questions + <acronym>(FAQ)</acronym> for FreeBSD versions + 12.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable>. Every effort has been made to + make this <acronym>FAQ</acronym> as informative as possible; + if you have any suggestions as to how it may be improved, send + them to the <link xlink:href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc">FreeBSD documentation project mailing list</link>.</para> <para>The latest version of this document is always available from the <link xlink:href="https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/index.html">FreeBSD website</link>. </para> </abstract> @@ -192,7 +225,12 @@ </question> <answer> - <para>James Howard 寫了一篇關於不同計畫的差異和歷史淵源的好文章叫 <link xlink:href="http://www.freebsdworld.gr/freebsd/bsd-family-tree.html">The BSD Family Tree</link> 可以回答這個問題。雖然有些資訊有點過時，但是關於歷史淵源的部份仍是相當正確的。</para> + <para xml:lang="en">James Howard wrote a good explanation of the history + and differences between the various projects, called <link xlink:href="https://jameshoward.us/archive/the-bsd-family-tree/">The + BSD Family Tree</link> which goes a fair way to + answering this question. Some of the information is out + of date, but the history portion in particular remains + accurate.</para> <para>時至今日，大部分的 BSD 家族仍是共用修補和程式碼的。這些 BSD 家族有著共同的祖先。</para> @@ -220,11 +258,27 @@ </question> <answer> - <para>在 FreeBSD 開發的任何時間點，都有多個平行的分支。11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases 是從 <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> 分支而來，而 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases 是從 <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> 分支而來。</para> + <para xml:lang="en">At any point in the development of FreeBSD, there can be + multiple parallel branches. 12.<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases are made + from the <emphasis>12-STABLE</emphasis> branch, and 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases are + made from the <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> branch.</para> - <para>在 9.0 之前，10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 系列仍屬 <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>分支。 然而從12.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 發行開始，10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 將只著重在重大問題上(比如：漏洞修補、安全維護)以及所謂的 <quote>extended support</quote> 。</para> + <para xml:lang="en">Up until the release of 9.0, the 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> series + was the one known as <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>. + However, as of 13.<replaceable>X</replaceable>, the 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> branch + will be designated for an <quote>extended support</quote> + status and receive only fixes for major problems, such as + security-related fixes. + <!--There will be no more releases made from the + &rel2.stable; branch, and it is considered a + <quote>legacy</quote> branch and most current work will only + become a part of &rel.stable; and &rel2.stable;.--></para> - <para>於 2017年七月所發行的 <link xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/i386/11.1-RELEASE/">11.1</link> 是目前最新的 <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> 分支。 於 2017年十月所發行的 <link xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/">10.4</link>是目前最新的 <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> 分支。</para> + <para xml:lang="en">Version <link xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/i386/12.0-RELEASE/">12.0</link> + is the latest release from the <emphasis>12-STABLE</emphasis> branch; it was + released in December 2018. Version <link xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/">10.4</link> + is the latest release from the <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> branch; it + was released in October 2017.</para> <para>Releases 版 <link linkend="release-freq">每幾個月</link> 才會發行一次。 雖然如此，有很多人和 FreeBSD 原始碼同步更新 (詳見 <link linkend="current">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> 和 <link linkend="stable">FreeBSD-STABLE</link>的相關問題) ，但因為原始碼是一直不斷地在變動的，所以如果要這麼做的話得要花上更多的精力。</para> @@ -276,9 +330,33 @@ </question> <answer> - <para>回溯到 FreeBSD 2.0.5 剛發表的時候，我們決定把 FreeBSD 的發展 分成兩支。一支叫做 <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html#stable">-STABLE</link>，另一支叫 <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html#current">-CURRENT</link>。主要發行版是由<emphasis>FreeBSD-STABLE</emphasis> 這個開發分支而來。他的變動較慢，而且一般來說假設他們都已經先在FreeBSD-CURRENT測試過了。然而在任何時候，FreeBSD-STABLE的原始碼仍有可能不一定適合一般用途，因為他可能包含在 FreeBSD-CURRENT 沒有發現到的錯誤。沒有能力和資源的使用者應該改使用 FreeBSD 正式發行版。<emphasis>FreeBSD-CURRENT</emphasis> 從2.0開始就是另一個分支，一直到11.1-RELEASE和之後的版本都還是。更多關於開發分支的資訊請見 <quote><link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/release-proc.html#rel-branch">FreeBSD Release Engineering: Creating the Release Branch</link></quote> ，分支的開發狀態和接下來的發行計畫時間表可以在 <link xlink:href="https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng">Release Engineering 資訊</link> 找到。</para> - - <para>11.1-STABLE 是目前正在發展中的 <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> 分支。最新的 11.1-STABLE 是在 2017年七月發行的 11.1-RELEASE。</para> + <para xml:lang="en">Back when FreeBSD 2.0.5 was released, FreeBSD + development branched in two. One branch was named <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html#stable">-STABLE</link>, + one <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html#current">-CURRENT</link>. + <emphasis>FreeBSD-STABLE</emphasis> is the development branch + from which major releases are made. Changes go into this + branch at a slower pace and with the general assumption + that they have first been tested in FreeBSD-CURRENT. + However, at any given time, the sources for FreeBSD-STABLE + may or may not be suitable for general use, as it may + uncover bugs and corner cases that were not yet found in + FreeBSD-CURRENT. Users who do not have the resources to + perform testing should instead run the most recent release + of FreeBSD. + <emphasis>FreeBSD-CURRENT</emphasis>, on the other hand, has + been one unbroken line since 2.0 was released, leading + towards 12.0-RELEASE and beyond. For more + detailed information on branches see <quote><link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/release-proc.html#rel-branch">FreeBSD + Release Engineering: Creating the Release + Branch</link></quote>, the status of the branches and + the upcoming release schedule can be found on the <link xlink:href="https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng">Release + Engineering Information</link> page.</para> + + <para xml:lang="en">12.0-STABLE is the actively developed + <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> branch. The latest release + on the 12.0-STABLE branch is + 12.0-RELEASE, which was released in + December 2018.</para> <para><emphasis>12-CURRENT</emphasis> 這個分支是 FreeBSD 的 <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> 分支，仍然不斷地在發展當中。 如果想要知道更多關於這個分支的資訊的話，請參考 <link linkend="current">什麼是 FreeBSD-CURRENT?</link> 。</para> </answer> @@ -316,11 +394,15 @@ </question> <answer> - <para>每個 FreeBSD 的重要版本都可以經由匿名 FTP 從 <link xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/"> FreeBSD FTP 站</link> 取得：</para> + <para xml:lang="en">Every significant release of FreeBSD is available via + anonymous FTP from the <link xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">FreeBSD + FTP site</link>:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> - <para>最新版 <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> , 也就是 11.1-RELEASE 請到 <link xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/i386/11.1-RELEASE/">11.1-RELEASE 這個目錄</link>。</para> + <para xml:lang="en">The latest <emphasis>12-STABLE</emphasis> release, + 12.0-RELEASE can be found in the <link xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/i386/12.0-RELEASE/">12.0-RELEASE + directory</link>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> @@ -328,7 +410,9 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para>最新版 <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> , 也就是10.4-RELEASE 請到 <link xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/">10.4-RELEASE 這個目錄</link>。</para> + <para xml:lang="en">The latest <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> release, + 10.4-RELEASE can be found in the <link xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/">10.4-RELEASE + directory</link>.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> @@ -362,7 +446,11 @@ </question> <answer> - <para>FreeBSD 文件計畫已陸續發表了相當廣泛範圍的文件，可在 <uri xlink:href="https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html</uri> 取得。除此之外，也請參閱本篇。問與答最後的 <link linkend="bibliography">書目</link>，以及手冊中的 <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html">書目</link></para> + <para xml:lang="en">The project produces a wide range of documentation, + available online from this link: <uri xlink:href="https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html</uri>. + In addition, the <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html">the + bibliography in the Handbook</link> reference other + recommended books.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -456,21 +544,21 @@ </row> <row> - <entry><literal>mn_MN.UTF-8</literal></entry> + <entry xml:lang="en"><literal>ko_KR.UTF-8</literal></entry> - <entry>蒙古文 (蒙古, UTF-8 編碼)</entry> + <entry xml:lang="en">Korean (Korea, UTF-8 encoding)</entry> </row> <row> - <entry><literal>nl_NL.ISO8859-1</literal></entry> + <entry><literal>mn_MN.UTF-8</literal></entry> - <entry>荷蘭文 (荷蘭)</entry> + <entry>蒙古文 (蒙古, UTF-8 編碼)</entry> </row> <row> - <entry><literal>no_NO.ISO8859-1</literal></entry> + <entry><literal>nl_NL.ISO8859-1</literal></entry> - <entry>Norwegian (Norway)</entry> + <entry>荷蘭文 (荷蘭)</entry> </row> <row> @@ -492,12 +580,6 @@ </row> <row> - <entry><literal>sr_YU.ISO8859-2</literal></entry> - - <entry>賽爾維亞文 (賽爾維亞)</entry> - </row> - - <row> <entry><literal>tr_TR.ISO8859-9</literal></entry> <entry>土耳其文 (土耳其)</entry> @@ -586,7 +668,12 @@ <orderedlist> <listitem> - <para>當採用 <literal>html-split</literal> 格式時，檔案先透過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 工具來進行打包。接著在將產生出來的 <filename>.tar</filename> 檔接透過第二點所述的壓縮方式壓縮。</para> + <para xml:lang="en">Where the format is + <literal>html-split</literal>, the files are + bundled up using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The resulting + <filename>.tar</filename> is then compressed + using the compression schemes detailed in the next + point.</para> </listitem> <listitem> @@ -655,7 +742,8 @@ </listitem> </itemizedlist> - <para>FreeBSD 的維基百科有一份 IRC 頻道的 <link xlink:href="http://wiki.freebsd.org/IrcChannels">完整清單</link>。</para> + <para xml:lang="en">The FreeBSD wiki has a <link xlink:href="https://wiki.freebsd.org/IRC/Channels">good + list</link> of IRC channels.</para> <para>每個頻道都是不同且互相獨立的。因為他們的聊天風格不同，您可以每個都試試看來找到適合您的頻道。</para> </answer> @@ -882,30 +970,6 @@ </qandaentry> <qandaentry> - <question xml:id="no-install-cdrom"> - <para xml:lang="en">I booted from a CD, but the install program - says no CD-ROM is found. Where did it go?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">The usual cause of this problem is a mis-configured - CD-ROM drive. Many PCs now ship with the CD-ROM as the - slave device on the secondary IDE controller, with no - master device on that controller. This is illegal - according to the ATAPI specification, but <trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark> plays - fast and loose with the specification, and the BIOS - ignores it when booting. This is why the BIOS was able to - see the CD-ROM to boot from it, but why FreeBSD cannot see it - to complete the install.</para> - - <para xml:lang="en">Reconfigure the system so that the CD-ROM is either - the master device on the IDE controller it is attached to, - or make sure that it is the slave on an IDE controller - that also has a master device.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> <question xml:id="need-complete-sources"> <para>我需要安裝完整的原始碼嗎？</para> </question> @@ -944,11 +1008,11 @@ </question> <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">FreeBSD 9 and later use + <para xml:lang="en">FreeBSD uses <emphasis>SHA512</emphasis> by default. DES passwords are still available for backwards compatibility - with legacy operating systems which still + with operating systems that still use the less secure password format. FreeBSD also supports the Blowfish and MD5 password formats. Which password format to use for new passwords is controlled by @@ -1042,7 +1106,7 @@ <para xml:lang="en">This is discussed continually on the FreeBSD mailing lists but is to be expected since hardware changes so quickly. Read through the Hardware Notes - for FreeBSD <link xlink:href="https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/11.1R/hardware.html">11.1</link> + for FreeBSD <link xlink:href="https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/12.0R/hardware.html">12.0</link> or <link xlink:href="https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.4R/hardware.html">10.4</link> and search the mailing list <link xlink:href="https://www.FreeBSD.org/search/#mailinglists">archives</link> before asking about the latest and greatest hardware. @@ -1231,7 +1295,7 @@ <answer> <para xml:lang="en">See the complete list in the Hardware Notes for FreeBSD - <link xlink:href="https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/11.1R/hardware.html">11.1</link> + <link xlink:href="https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/12.0R/hardware.html">12.0</link> or <link xlink:href="https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.4R/hardware.html">10.4</link>.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -1848,7 +1912,8 @@ kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i8254</screen> </question> <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">This means that a process is trying to page memory to + <para xml:lang="en">This means that a process is trying to page memory + from disk, and the page attempt has hung trying to access the disk for more than 20 seconds. It might be caused by bad blocks on the disk drive, disk wiring, cables, or any @@ -1991,7 +2056,7 @@ kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i8254</screen> <qandaentry> <question xml:id="how-do-download-ports-tree"> <para xml:lang="en">How do I download the Ports tree? Should I be using - SVN?</para> + Subversion?</para> </question> <answer> @@ -2004,7 +2069,7 @@ kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i8254</screen> use this tool.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para xml:lang="en">Use SVN if custom patches to the + <para xml:lang="en">Use Subversion if custom patches to the ports tree are needed. Refer to <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/svn.html">Using Subversion</link> for details.</para> </listitem> @@ -2026,23 +2091,22 @@ kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i8254</screen> <qandaentry> <question xml:id="ports-4x"> <para xml:lang="en">Why can I not build this port on my - 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> -, or - 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> -STABLE machine?</para> + 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> -, or + 12.<replaceable>X</replaceable> -STABLE machine?</para> </question> <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">If the installed FreeBSD version lags - significantly behind <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> or - <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>, update the - Ports Collection using the instructions in <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html">Using + <para xml:lang="en">If the installed FreeBSD version lags significantly + behind <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> or + <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>, update the Ports Collection + using the instructions in <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html">Using the Ports Collection</link>. If the system is up-to-date, someone might have committed a change to the port which works for <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> but which broke the port for <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>. <link xlink:href="https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/submit/">Submit</link> a bug report, since the Ports Collection is supposed to - work - for both the <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> and + work for both the <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> and <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> branches.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -2062,11 +2126,10 @@ kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i8254</screen> <para xml:lang="en">There are rare cases where <filename>INDEX</filename> will not build due to odd cases involving - <varname>WITH_<replaceable>*</replaceable></varname> or - <varname>WITHOUT_<replaceable>*</replaceable></varname> - variables being set in <filename>make.conf</filename>. If + <varname>OPTIONS_SET</varname> + being set in <filename>make.conf</filename>. If you suspect that this is the case, try to make - <filename>INDEX</filename> with those make variables + <filename>INDEX</filename> with those variables turned off before reporting it to <link xlink:href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ports">FreeBSD ports mailing list</link>.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -2309,9 +2372,8 @@ kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i8254</screen> </listitem> <listitem> - <para xml:lang="en">The <command>make - buildkernel</command> command did not complete - successfully. The <command>make + <para xml:lang="en">The <command>make buildkernel</command> did not + complete successfully. The <command>make buildkernel</command> target relies on files generated by the <command>make buildworld</command> target to complete its job correctly.</para> @@ -2599,10 +2661,7 @@ kern.sched.name: ULE</screen> <term xml:lang="en">ZFS</term> <listitem> - <para xml:lang="en">FreeBSD includes a port of <trademark>Sun</trademark>'s ZFS driver. The - current recommendation is to use it only on - amd64 platforms with sufficient memory. For - more information, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>zfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> + <para>FreeBSD 包含由 <trademark>Sun</trademark> 移植過來的 ZFS 驅動程式。 目前的建議是僅在記憶體充足的 amd64 平臺上使用它。有關更詳細資訊, 請參閱 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>zfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>。</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> @@ -2957,8 +3016,8 @@ kern.sched.name: ULE</screen> </question> <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">This section <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/adding-swap-space.html">of the Handbook</link> - describes how to do this.</para> + <para xml:lang="en">This section <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/adding-swap-space.html">of + the Handbook</link> describes how to do this.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -3003,179 +3062,105 @@ kern.sched.name: ULE</screen> </answer> </qandaentry> + </qandaset> + </chapter> + + <chapter xml:id="all-about-zfs"> + <title xml:lang="en">ZFS</title> + + <qandaset> <qandaentry> - <question xml:id="slow-boot-memtest"> - <para xml:lang="en">Why does FreeBSD pause for a long time at boot when the - system has large amounts of ram?</para> + <question xml:id="how-much-ram-for-zfs"> + <para>使用 ZFS 最少需要多少記憶體？</para> </question> <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">FreeBSD 10.1 and earlier executes a memory test early - in the boot process. - When the system has a small amount of memory, the test - takes a few seconds. Computers with tens or hundreds of - gigabytes of memory can take several minutes to complete - the test. The memory test can be disabled by adding - <literal>hw.memtest.tests=0</literal> to - <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>.</para> + <para>至少需要 4GB 的記憶體才能跑得順，但不同的工作負載可能會造成相當大的差異。</para> + </answer> + </qandaentry> - <para xml:lang="en">For more details, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loader.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> + <qandaentry> + <question xml:id="what-is-zil"> + <para>ZIL 是什麼而又何時會被使用？</para> + </question> + + <answer> + <para>The <acronym>ZIL</acronym> (<acronym>ZFS</acronym> 動向日誌) 是一個紀錄日誌，用以實現系統當機時 POSIX 寫入保證的語義，多個正常 ZFS 寫入動作會被分成多個交易處理群組，並在交易處理群組被填滿時寫入磁碟 (<quote>Transaction Group Commit</quote>)。然而像 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsync</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> 這樣的系統呼叫，會要求該系統呼叫在返回前，能承諾已將資料寫入磁碟，ZIL 就是用來紀錄確認為已執行寫入的資料，但其實尚未存在於磁碟上，即尚未完成交易處理，交易處理群組具有時間戳記，在系統當機後，找到 ZIL 最後一個有效的時間戳記，即將遺失的資料再舍併至磁碟上。</para> </answer> </qandaentry> - </qandaset> - </chapter> - <chapter xml:id="all-about-zfs"> - <title xml:lang="en">ZFS</title> + <qandaentry> + <question xml:id="need-ssd-for-zil"> + <para>我需要用固態硬碟 (SSD) 來存 ZIL 嗎？</para> + </question> - <qandaset> - <qandaentry> - <question xml:id="how-much-ram-for-zfs"> - <para xml:lang="en">What is the minimum amount of RAM one should have to - run ZFS?</para> - </question> + <answer> + <para>ZFS 預設將 ZIL 儲存在包含所有資料的 zpool 中，如果應用程式的寫入負載很重，將 ZIL 儲存在同步速度非常快的獨立設備中，藉由循序寫入效能的提高可以改善整個系統的效能，對於其他類型的工作負載， 固態硬碟就不會有太大的助益。</para> + </answer> + </qandaentry> - <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">A minimum of 4GB of RAM is required for comfortable - usage, but individual workloads can vary widely.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> + <qandaentry> + <question xml:id="what-is-l2arc"> + <para>L2ARC 是什麼？</para> + </question> - <qandaentry> - <question xml:id="what-is-zil"> - <para xml:lang="en">What is the ZIL and when does it get used?</para> - </question> + <answer> + <para>The <acronym>L2ARC</acronym> (Second Level Adaptive Replacement Cache) 是存於快速儲存設備 <acronym>SSD</acronym> 上的讀取快取，此快取在重新開機後會消失，請注意記憶體是第一層的快取，只有在記憶體不足的情況下才需要 L2ARC。</para> - <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">The <acronym>ZIL</acronym> (<acronym>ZFS</acronym> - intent log) is a write log used to implement posix write - commitment semantics across crashes. Normally writes - are bundled up into transaction groups and written to - disk when filled (<quote>Transaction Group - Commit</quote>). However syscalls like <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsync</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> - require a commitment that the data is written to stable - storage before returning. The ZIL is needed for writes - that have been acknowledged as written but which are not - yet on disk as part of a transaction. The transaction - groups are timestamped. In the event of a crash the - last valid timestamp is found and missing data is merged - in from the ZIL.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> + <para>L2ARC 需要 ARC 的空間來為其製作索引，因此，有一種反常的情況，如果有一種工作集 (working set) 可以完美地剛好放入 ARC，一旦系統使用 L2ARC，該工作集的運作將不再完美，因為 ARC 需要用一部分空間來保存 L2ARC 的索引，以至於必須將工作集的一部分存入比記憶體慢的 L2ARC。</para> + </answer> + </qandaentry> - <qandaentry> - <question xml:id="need-ssd-for-zil"> - <para xml:lang="en">Do I need a SSD for ZIL?</para> - </question> + <qandaentry> + <question xml:id="should-enable-dedup"> + <para>建議啟用去冗餘 (deduplication) 嗎？</para> + </question> - <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">By default, ZFS stores the ZIL in the pool with all - the data. If an application has a heavy write load, - storing the ZIL in a separate device that has very fast - synchronous, sequential write performance can improve - overall system. For other workloads, a SSD is unlikely - to make much of an improvement.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> + <answer> + <para>一般而言，不建議這麼做。</para> - <qandaentry> - <question xml:id="what-is-l2arc"> - <para xml:lang="en">What is the L2ARC?</para> - </question> + <para>去冗餘需要相當多的記憶體，而且會讓讀寫磁碟所需的時間變長，除非磁碟上儲存了非常多重複的資料，例如：虛擬機的映像檔或者是使用者的備份資料，否則開啟去冗餘可能弊大於利。另一個需要考量的狀況是：啟用去冗餘功能之後再將其關閉，無法將磁碟上去冗餘的狀態立即逆轉，必須等到下次修改了之前被去冗餘的資料，變更的區塊才會再被複製一份。</para> - <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">The <acronym>L2ARC</acronym> is a read cache stored - on a fast device such as an <acronym>SSD</acronym>. - This cache is not persistent across reboots. Note that - RAM is used as the first layer of cache and the L2ARC is - only needed if there is insufficient RAM.</para> - - <para xml:lang="en">L2ARC needs space in the ARC to index it. So, - perversely, a working set that fits perfectly in the - ARC will not fit perfectly any more if a L2ARC is used - because part of the ARC is holding the L2ARC index, - pushing part of the working set into the L2ARC which is - slower than RAM.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> + <para>去冗餘也可能會導致某些非預期的情況，特別是刪除檔案時可能會慢很多。</para> + </answer> + </qandaentry> - <qandaentry> - <question xml:id="should-enable-dedup"> - <para xml:lang="en">Is enabling deduplication advisable?</para> - </question> + <qandaentry> + <question xml:id="zpool-fully-full"> + <para>在我建立的 ZFS pool 中無法刪除和新增檔案，應該怎麼修復？</para> + </question> - <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">Generally speaking, no.</para> - - <para xml:lang="en">Deduplication takes up a significant amount of RAM - and may slow down read and write disk access times. - Unless one is storing data that is very heavily - duplicated, such as virtual machine images or user - backups, it is possible that deduplication will do more - harm than good. Another consideration is the inability - to revert deduplication status. If data is written when - deduplication is enabled, disabling dedup will not cause - those blocks which were deduplicated to be replicated - until they are next modified.</para> - - <para xml:lang="en">Deduplication can also lead to some unexpected - situations. In particular, deleting files may become - much slower.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> + <answer> + <para>這很有可能是該 pool 的空間使用率已達 100% 滿了，因 ZFS 需要儲存空間以將紀錄交易處理的輔助資料 (metadata) 寫入，為了讓該 pool 回復至可用狀態，必須用檔案切除的方法 (truncate 命令) 刪除不重要的檔案：</para> - <qandaentry> - <question xml:id="zpool-fully-full"> - <para xml:lang="en">I cannot delete or create files on my ZFS pool. - How can I fix this?</para> - </question> + <screen><prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>truncate -s 0 unimportant-file</userinput></screen> - <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">This could happen because the pool is 100% full. - ZFS requires space on the disk to write transaction - metadata. To restore the pool to a usable state, - truncate the file to delete:</para> - - <screen xml:lang="en"><prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>truncate -s 0 unimportant-file</userinput></screen> - - <para xml:lang="en">File truncation works because a new transaction is - not started, new spare blocks are created - instead.</para> - - <note> - <para xml:lang="en">On systems with additional ZFS dataset tuning, - such as deduplication, the space may not be - immediately available</para> - </note> - </answer> - </qandaentry> + <para>因為檔案切除不需要建立交易處理紀錄，並能釋放出可使用的磁碟區塊。</para> - <qandaentry> - <question xml:id="zfs-ssd-trim"> - <para xml:lang="en">Does ZFS support TRIM for Solid State Drives?</para> - </question> + <note> + <para>如果系統曾進行過額外的 ZFS dataset 調校，例如：去冗餘，釋放出來的空間也許不會立即可得。</para> + </note> + </answer> + </qandaentry> - <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">ZFS TRIM support was added to FreeBSD 10-CURRENT - with revision r<revnumber>240868</revnumber>. ZFS TRIM - support was added to all FreeBSD-STABLE branches in - r<revnumber>252162</revnumber> and - r<revnumber>251419</revnumber>, respectively.</para> - - <para xml:lang="en">ZFS TRIM is enabled by default, and can be turned - off by adding this line to - <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:</para> - - <programlisting xml:lang="en">vfs.zfs.trim_disable=1</programlisting> - - <note> - <para xml:lang="en">ZFS TRIM may not work with all configurations, - such as a ZFS filesystem on a GELI-backed - device.</para> - </note> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - </qandaset> + <qandaentry> + <question xml:id="zfs-ssd-trim"> + <para>ZFS 支援固態硬碟 (SSD) 的 TRIM 功能嗎？</para> + </question> + + <answer> + <para>自 FreeBSD 10-CURRENT 修定 r<revnumber>240868</revnumber> 開始，就支援 ZFS TRIM。ZFS TRIM 的支援分別已在 r<revnumber>252162</revnumber> 和 r<revnumber>251419</revnumber> 的修訂，加進所有 FreeBSD-STABLE 分支。</para> + + <para>ZFS TRIM 預設就已開啟，也可以將其關閉，只要加入一行設定到 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:</para> + + <programlisting>vfs.zfs.trim.enabled=0</programlisting> + + <note> + <para>ZFS TRIM 也可能某些設定中會無效，例如：在採用 GELI 裝置上的 ZFS 檔案系統。</para> + </note> + </answer> + </qandaentry> + </qandaset> </chapter> <chapter xml:id="admin"> @@ -3290,15 +3275,15 @@ kern.sched.name: ULE</screen> <para xml:lang="en">Restart the system using <userinput>boot -s</userinput> at the loader prompt to enter single-user mode. When prompted for a shell pathname, press - <keycap>Enter</keycap> and run <command>mount - -urw /</command> to re-mount the root file system in + <keycap>Enter</keycap> and run <command>mount -urw + /</command> to re-mount the root file system in read/write mode. You may also need to run <command>mount -a -t ufs</command> to mount the file system where your - favorite editor is defined. If that editor is on - a network file system, either configure - the network manually before mounting the network file - systems, or use an editor which resides on a local file - system, such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> + favorite editor is defined. If that editor is on a + network file system, either configure the network manually + before mounting the network file systems, or use an editor + which resides on a local file system, such as + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> <para xml:lang="en">In order to use a full screen editor such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry vendor="ports"><refentrytitle>emacs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, run @@ -3323,7 +3308,7 @@ kern.sched.name: ULE</screen> <answer> <para xml:lang="en">See the <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/printing.html">Handbook entry on printing</link> for troubleshooting - tips.</para> + tips.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -3698,12 +3683,12 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging</programlisting> <para xml:lang="en"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>rpc.statd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> maps its status file (resident on <filename>/var</filename>) into its address space; to save - worrying about remapping it later when it needs to grow, - it maps it with a generous size. This is very evident - from the source code, where one can see that the length - argument to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> is <literal>0x10000000</literal>, - or one sixteenth of the address space on an IA32, or - exactly 256 MB.</para> + worrying about remapping the status file later when it + needs to grow, it maps the status file with a generous + size. This is very evident from the source code, where + one can see that the length argument to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> is + <literal>0x10000000</literal>, or one sixteenth of the + address space on an IA32, or exactly 256 MB.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -3714,11 +3699,11 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging</programlisting> </question> <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">The system is running a securelevel greater than 0. - Lower the securelevel and try again. For - more information, see <link linkend="securelevel">the <acronym>FAQ</acronym> - entry on securelevel</link> and the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual - page.</para> + <para xml:lang="en">The system is running at securelevel greater than 0. + Lower the securelevel and try again. For more + information, see <link linkend="securelevel">the + <acronym>FAQ</acronym> entry on securelevel</link> and + the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -4014,7 +3999,7 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging</programlisting> <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>, as seen in this example:</para> - <programlisting xml:lang="en">Section "InputDevice" + <programlisting xml:lang="en">Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Mouse1" Driver "mouse" Option "Protocol" "auto" @@ -4023,9 +4008,9 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging</programlisting> Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" EndSection</programlisting> - <para xml:lang="en">To use the mouse in - <application>Emacs</application>, also add the following - lines to<filename>~/.emacs</filename>:</para> + <para xml:lang="en">The mouse can be enabled in + <application>Emacs</application>by adding these + lines to <filename>~/.emacs</filename>:</para> <programlisting xml:lang="en">;; wheel mouse (global-set-key [mouse-4] 'scroll-down) @@ -4425,7 +4410,7 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting> card is supported by which driver on their web site: <uri xlink:href="http://www.nvidia.com/object/IO_32667.html">http://www.nvidia.com/object/IO_32667.html</uri>.</para> <para xml:lang="en">For Matrox G200/G400, check the - <package>x11-servers/mga_hal</package> + <package>x11-drivers/xf86-video-mga</package> port.</para> <para xml:lang="en">For ATI Rage 128 and Radeon see @@ -4825,6 +4810,22 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting> to <literal>0</literal>.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> + + <qandaentry> + <question xml:id="ipv6-only"> + <para xml:lang="en">How do I compile an IPv6 only kernel?</para> + </question> + + <answer> + <para xml:lang="en">Configure your kernel with these settings: + + <screen xml:lang="en">include GENERIC +ident GENERIC-IPV6ONLY +makeoptions MKMODULESENV+="WITHOUT_INET_SUPPORT=" +nooptions INET +nodevice gre</screen></para> + </answer> + </qandaentry> </qandaset> </chapter> @@ -4998,7 +4999,8 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting> <qandaentry> <question xml:id="extra-named-port"> - <para xml:lang="en">BIND (<command>named</command>) is listening on some + <para xml:lang="en"><application>BIND9</application> + (<command>named</command>) is listening on some high-numbered ports. What is going on?</para> </question> @@ -5018,7 +5020,8 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting> <para xml:lang="en">If a port number (like 53) is specified via the <literal>query-source</literal> or <literal>query-source-v6</literal> options in - <filename>/etc/namedb/named.conf</filename>, randomized + <filename>/usr/local/etc/namedb/named.conf</filename>, + randomized port selection will not be used. It is strongly recommended that these options not be used to specify fixed port numbers.</para> @@ -5852,7 +5855,7 @@ ATDT1234567</programlisting> or run this command after the system is up and running:</para> - <screen xml:lang="en"><prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>dmesg | grep -E "^sio[0-9]"</userinput> + <screen xml:lang="en"><prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>grep -E '^(sio|uart)[0-9]' < /var/run/dmesg.boot</userinput> sio0: <16550A-compatible COM port> port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on acpi0 sio0: type 16550A sio1: <16550A-compatible COM port> port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on acpi0 @@ -6052,8 +6055,8 @@ hint.sio.7.irq="12"</programlisting> memory. Any memory that programs do not actively allocate is used within the FreeBSD kernel as disk cache. The values shown by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> labeled as - <literal>Inact</literal>, <literal>Cache</literal>, and - <literal>Buf</literal> are all cached data at different + <literal>Inact</literal> and <literal>Laundry</literal> + are cached data at different aging levels. This cached data means the system does not have to access a slow disk again for data it has accessed recently, thus increasing overall performance. In @@ -6144,8 +6147,8 @@ hint.sio.7.irq="12"</programlisting> <answer> <para xml:lang="en">See the <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/translations.html">Translation - <acronym>FAQ</acronym></link> in the FreeBSD Documentation Project - Primer.</para> + <acronym>FAQ</acronym></link> in the FreeBSD Documentation + Project Primer.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -6157,11 +6160,10 @@ hint.sio.7.irq="12"</programlisting> <answer> <para xml:lang="en">The <systemitem class="fqdomainname">FreeBSD.org</systemitem> mail - system implements some - <application>Postfix</application> checks on incoming mail - and rejects mail that is either from misconfigured relays - or otherwise appears likely to be spam. Some of the - specific requirements are: </para> + system implements some <application>Postfix</application> + checks on incoming mail and rejects mail that is either + from misconfigured relays or otherwise appears likely to + be spam. Some of the specific requirements are:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> @@ -6661,13 +6663,17 @@ hint.sio.7.irq="12"</programlisting> <qandaentry> <question xml:id="how-to-contribute"> - <para xml:lang="en">How can I contribute to FreeBSD?</para> + <para xml:lang="en">How can I contribute to FreeBSD? What can I do to + help?</para> </question> <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">See the article on <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributing/article.html">Contributing - to FreeBSD</link> for specific advice on how to do this. - Assistance is more than welcome!</para> + <para xml:lang="en">We accept all types of contributions: documentation, + code, and even art. See the article on <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributing/article.html">Contributing + to FreeBSD</link> for specific advice on how to do + this.</para> + + <para xml:lang="en">And thanks for the thought!</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -6677,21 +6683,21 @@ hint.sio.7.irq="12"</programlisting> </question> <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">There are currently 3 active/semi-active + <para xml:lang="en">There are currently 2 active/semi-active branches in the FreeBSD <link xlink:href="http://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/base/">Subversion Repository</link>. (Earlier branches are only changed - very rarely, which is why there are only 3 + very rarely, which is why there are only 2 active branches of development):</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> - <para xml:lang="en"><symbol>stable/10/</symbol> AKA - <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis></para> + <para xml:lang="en"><symbol>stable/11/</symbol> AKA + <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis></para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para xml:lang="en"><symbol>stable/11/</symbol> AKA - <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis></para> + <para xml:lang="en"><symbol>stable/12/</symbol> AKA + <emphasis>12-STABLE</emphasis></para> </listitem> <listitem> @@ -6708,25 +6714,11 @@ hint.sio.7.irq="12"</programlisting> <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>.</para> <para xml:lang="en">Right now, <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> is the - 12.<replaceable>X</replaceable> development stream; the <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> - branch, <symbol>stable/11/</symbol>, forked off from - <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> in April 2016 and the - <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> branch, <symbol>stable/10/</symbol>, forked off from - <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> in August 2015.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> - <question xml:id="submitting-kernel-extensions"> - <para xml:lang="en">I have written a kernel extension, who do I send it - to?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para xml:lang="en">Take a look at the article on <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributing/article.html">Contributing - to FreeBSD</link> to learn how to submit code.</para> - - <para xml:lang="en">And thanks for the thought!</para> + 13.<replaceable>X</replaceable> development stream; the <emphasis>12-STABLE</emphasis> + branch, <symbol>stable/12/</symbol>, forked off from + <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> in December 2018 and the + <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> branch, <symbol>stable/11/</symbol>, forked off from + <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> in October 2016.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -6984,928 +6976,4 @@ panic: page fault</programlisting> them</link> in making this <acronym>FAQ</acronym> even better.</para> </chapter> - - -<!-- - $FreeBSD$ ---> -<bibliography version="5.0" xml:id="bibliography"> - <title xml:lang="en">Bibliography</title> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-unleashed"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>FreeBSD Unleashed</citetitle> - - <authorgroup> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Michael</firstname><surname>Urban</surname></personname></author> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Brian</firstname><surname>Tiemann</surname></personname></author> - </authorgroup> - - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Sams</publishername> - </publisher> - - <edition xml:lang="en">1st edition</edition> - - <pagenums xml:lang="en">992 pages</pagenums> - - <pubdate xml:lang="en">October 2001</pubdate> - - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-67232-206-4</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-44sysman"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>4.4BSD System Manager's Manual</citetitle> - - <author xml:lang="en"><orgname>Computer Systems Research Group, University of - California, Berkeley</orgname></author> - - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">O'Reilly and Associates</publishername> - </publisher> - - <edition xml:lang="en">1st edition</edition> - - <pubdate xml:lang="en">June 1994</pubdate> - - <pagenums xml:lang="en">804 pages</pagenums> - - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-56592-080-5</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-44userman"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>4.4BSD User's Reference Manual</citetitle> - - <author xml:lang="en"><orgname>Computer Systems Research Group, University of - California, Berkeley</orgname></author> - - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">O'Reilly and Associates</publishername> - </publisher> - - <edition xml:lang="en">1st edition</edition> - - <pubdate xml:lang="en">June 1994</pubdate> - - <pagenums xml:lang="en">905 pages</pagenums> - - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-56592-075-9</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-44suppman"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>4.4BSD User's Supplementary Documents</citetitle> - - <author xml:lang="en"><orgname>Computer Systems Research Group, University of - California, Berkeley</orgname></author> - - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">O'Reilly and Associates</publishername> - </publisher> - - <edition xml:lang="en">1st edition</edition> - - <pubdate xml:lang="en">June 1994</pubdate> - - <pagenums xml:lang="en">712 pages</pagenums> - - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-56592-076-7</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-44progman"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>4.4BSD Programmer's Reference Manual</citetitle> - - <author xml:lang="en"><orgname>Computer Systems Research Group, University of - California, Berkeley</orgname></author> - - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">O'Reilly and Associates</publishername> - </publisher> - - <edition xml:lang="en">1st edition</edition> - - <pubdate xml:lang="en">June 1994</pubdate> - - <pagenums xml:lang="en">866 pages</pagenums> - - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-56592-078-3</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-44progsupp"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>4.4BSD Programmer's Supplementary Documents</citetitle> - - <author xml:lang="en"><orgname>Computer Systems Research Group, University of - California, Berkeley</orgname></author> - - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">O'Reilly and Associates</publishername> - </publisher> - - <edition xml:lang="en">1st edition</edition> - - <pubdate xml:lang="en">June 1994</pubdate> - - <pagenums xml:lang="en">596 pages</pagenums> - - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-56592-079-1</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-44kernel"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System</citetitle> - - <authorgroup> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>M. K.</firstname><surname>McKusick</surname></personname></author> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Kirk</firstname><surname>Marshall</surname></personname></author> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Keith</firstname><surname>Bostic</surname></personname></author> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Michael J</firstname><surname>Karels</surname></personname></author> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>John</firstname><surname>Quarterman</surname></personname></author> - </authorgroup> - - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Addison-Wesley</publishername> - - <address xml:lang="en"> - <city>Reading</city> - <state>MA</state> - </address> - </publisher> - - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1996</pubdate> - - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-201-54979-4</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-freebsdkernel"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System</citetitle> - - <authorgroup> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>M. K.</firstname><surname>McKusick</surname></personname></author> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>George V.</firstname><surname>Neville-Neil</surname></personname></author> - </authorgroup> - - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Addison-Wesley</publishername> - <address xml:lang="en"> - <city>Boston</city> - <state>MA</state> - </address> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">2004</pubdate> - - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-201-70245-2</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-nemeth3rd"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Unix System Administration Handbook</citetitle> - - <authorgroup> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Evi</firstname><surname>Nemeth</surname></personname></author> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Garth</firstname><surname>Snyder</surname></personname></author> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Scott</firstname><surname>Seebass</surname></personname></author> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Trent R.</firstname><surname>Hein</surname></personname></author> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>John</firstname><surname>Quarterman</surname></personname></author> - </authorgroup> - - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Prentice-Hall</publishername> - </publisher> - - <edition xml:lang="en">3rd edition</edition> - - <pubdate xml:lang="en">2000</pubdate> - - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-13-020601-6</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="lehey3rd"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>The Complete FreeBSD</citetitle> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Greg</firstname><surname>Lehey</surname></personname></author> - - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Walnut Creek</publishername> - </publisher> - - <edition xml:lang="en">3rd edition</edition> - - <pubdate xml:lang="en">June 1999</pubdate> - - <pagenums xml:lang="en">773 pages</pagenums> - - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-57176-246-9</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-mckusick-1"> - <abbrev xml:lang="en">McKusick et al, 1994</abbrev> - - <biblioset relation="manual" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Berkeley Software Architecture Manual, 4.4BSD - Edition</citetitle> - - <authorgroup> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>M. K.</firstname><surname>McKusick</surname></personname></author> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>M. J.</firstname><surname>Karels</surname></personname></author> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>S. J.</firstname><surname>Leffler</surname></personname></author> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>W. N.</firstname><surname>Joy</surname></personname></author> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>R. S.</firstname><surname>Faber</surname></personname></author> - </authorgroup> - - <pagenums xml:lang="en">5:1-42</pagenums> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-ja-fbsdpc98"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>FreeBSD for PC 98'ers (in Japanese)</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">SHUWA System Co, LTD.</publishername> - </publisher> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 4-87966-468-5 C3055 P2900E</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-ja-fbsd"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>FreeBSD (in Japanese)</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">CUTT</publishername> - </publisher> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 4-906391-22-2</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-ja-compintro"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Complete Introduction to FreeBSD (in Japanese)</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Shoeisha Co., Ltd</publishername> - </publisher> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 4-88135-473-6 P3600E</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-ja-unixstarterkit"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Personal UNIX Starter Kit FreeBSD (in Japanese)</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">ASCII</publishername> - </publisher> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 4-7561-1733-3 P3000E</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-ja-fbsdhb"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>FreeBSD Handbook (Japanese translation)</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">ASCII</publishername> - </publisher> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 4-7561-1580-2 P3800E</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-ge-fbsdmitmeth"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>FreeBSD mit Methode (in German)</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Computer und Literature Verlag/Vertrieb Hanser</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1998</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 3-932311-31-0</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-ja-fbsdinstandutil"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>FreeBSD install and Utilization Manual (in Japanese)</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Mainichi Communications Inc.</publishername> - </publisher> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-indo-intserv"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Building Internet Server with FreeBSD (in Indonesia Language)</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Elex Media Komputindo</publishername> - </publisher> - <authorgroup> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Onno W</firstname><surname>Purbo</surname></personname></author> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Dodi</firstname><surname>Maryanto</surname></personname></author> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Syahrial</firstname><surname>Hubbany</surname></personname></author> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Widjil</firstname><surname>Widodo</surname></personname></author> - </authorgroup> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-fbsdcorpnetguide"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>The FreeBSD Corporate Networker's Guide</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Addison-Wesley</publishername> - </publisher> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-unixnutshell"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>UNIX in a Nutshell</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1990</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 093717520X</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-cantfindadmin"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>What You Need To Know When You Can't Find Your Unix System Administrator</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1995</pubdate> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Linda</firstname><surname>Mui</surname></personname></author> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-56592-104-6</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-ja-fbsdusrrefman"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>FreeBSD User's Reference Manual (Japanese translation)</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Mainichi Communications Inc.</publishername> - </publisher> - <author xml:lang="en"><orgname>Jpman Project, Japan FreeBSD Users Group</orgname></author> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1998</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 4-8399-0088-4 P3800E</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-newcomeunix"> - <biblioset relation="article" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle pubwork="book"><link xlink:href="http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/">Online Guide - for newcomers to the UNIX environment</link></citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en"><link xlink:href="http://www.ed.ac.uk/">Edinburgh University</link></publishername> - </publisher> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-dnsandbind"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>DNS and BIND</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">O'Reilly & Associates, Inc</publishername> - </publisher> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-56592-512-2</biblioid> - <authorgroup> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Paul Albitz</firstname><surname>Albitz</surname></personname></author> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Cricket</firstname><surname>Liu</surname></personname></author> - </authorgroup> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1998</pubdate> - <edition xml:lang="en">3rd edition</edition> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-sendmail"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Sendmail</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">O'Reilly & Associates, Inc</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1997</pubdate> - <edition xml:lang="en">2nd edition</edition> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Brian</firstname><surname>Costales</surname></personname></author> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-56592-222-0</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-esssysadmin"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Essential System Administration</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Æleen</firstname><surname>Frisch</surname></personname></author> - <edition xml:lang="en">2nd edition</edition> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">O'Reilly & Associates</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1995</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-56592-127-5</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-tcpipnetworkadministration"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>TCP/IP Network Administration</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Craig</firstname><surname>Hunt</surname></personname></author> - <edition xml:lang="en">2nd edition</edition> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">O'Reilly & Associates, Inc</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1997</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-56592-322-7</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-managingnfsandnis"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Managing NFS and NIS</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Hal</firstname><surname>Stern</surname></personname></author> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">O'Reilly & Associates, Inc</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1991</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-937175-75-7</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-jpmanprojectjfug"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle pubwork="book"><link xlink:href="http://www.pc.mycom.co.jp/FreeBSD/sam.html"> - FreeBSD System Administration's Manual</link></citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><orgname><link xlink:href="http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org">Jpman Project, Japan FreeBSD - Users Group</link></orgname></author> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en"><link xlink:href="http://www.pc.mycom.co.jp/">Mainichi Communications - Inc.</link></publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1998</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 4-8399-0109-0 P3300E</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-xwinsystoolkit"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>X Window System Toolkit</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Digital Press</publishername> - </publisher> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Paul</firstname><surname>Asente</surname></personname></author> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-55558-051-3</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-carefman"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>C: A Reference Manual</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Prentice Hall</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1995</pubdate> - <edition xml:lang="en">4th edition</edition> - <authorgroup> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Samuel P.</firstname><surname>Harbison</surname></personname></author> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Guy L. Jr.</firstname><surname>Steele</surname></personname></author> - </authorgroup> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-13-326224-3</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-thecproglang"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>The C Programming Language</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Prentice Hall</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1998</pubdate> - <authorgroup> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Brian</firstname><surname>Kernighan</surname></personname></author> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Dennis</firstname><surname>Ritchie</surname></personname></author> - </authorgroup> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-13-110362-9</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-portingunixsoft"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Porting UNIX Software</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Greg</firstname><surname>Lehey</surname></personname></author> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1995</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-56592-126-7</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-thestandardclibrary"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>The Standard C Library</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Prentice Hall</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1992</pubdate> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>P. J.</firstname><surname>Plauger</surname></personname></author> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-13-131509-9</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-advprogintheunixenv"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Addison-Wesley</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1992</pubdate> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>W. Richard</firstname><surname>Stevens</surname></personname></author> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-201-56317-7</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-unixnetprog"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>UNIX Network Programming</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>W. Richard</firstname><surname>Stevens</surname></personname></author> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Prentice Hall</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1998</pubdate> - <edition xml:lang="en">2nd edition</edition> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-13-490012-X</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-writeserialdriverforunix"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Writing Serial Drivers for UNIX</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Bill</firstname><surname>Wells</surname></personname></author> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">December 1994</pubdate> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Dr. Dobb's Journal</publishername> - </publisher> - <pagenums xml:lang="en">pp68-71, pp97-99</pagenums> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-unixsysarch"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>UNIX System Architecture</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Prentice-Hall, Inc</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1990</pubdate> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Prabhat K.</firstname><surname>Andleigh</surname></personname></author> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-13-949843-5</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-portingunixtothe386"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Porting UNIX to the 386</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>William</firstname><surname>Jolitz</surname></personname></author> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Dr. Dobb's Journal</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">January 1991-July 1992</pubdate> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-tcpipillv1theprotocols"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>W. Richard</firstname><surname>Stevens</surname></personname></author> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Addison-Wesley</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1996</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-201-63346-9</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-unixsysformodrnarch"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Unix Systems for Modern Architectures</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Addison-Wesley</publishername> - </publisher> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Curt</firstname><surname>Schimmel</surname></personname></author> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1994</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-201-63338-8</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-tcpipillvol3"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 3: TCP for Transactions, HTTP, NNTP and the UNIX Domain Protocols</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Addison-Wesley</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1996</pubdate> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>W. Richard</firstname><surname>Stevens</surname></personname></author> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-201-63495-3</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-unixinternthenewfrontiers"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>UNIX Internals -- The New Frontiers</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Uresh</firstname><surname>Vahalia</surname></personname></author> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Prentice Hall</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1996</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-13-101908-2</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-tcpipillvol2theimplementation"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2: The Implementation</citetitle> - <authorgroup> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Gary R.</firstname><surname>Wright</surname></personname></author> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>W. Richard</firstname><surname>Stevens</surname></personname></author> - </authorgroup> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1995</pubdate> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Addison-Wesley</publishername> - </publisher> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-201-63354-X</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-firewallsandinternetsecurity"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Firewalls and Internet Security: Repelling the Wily Hacker</citetitle> - <authorgroup> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>William R.</firstname><surname>CHeswick</surname></personname></author> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Steven M.</firstname><surname>Bellovin</surname></personname></author> - </authorgroup> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Addison-Wesley</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1995</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-201-63357-4</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-practicalunixsecurity"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Practical UNIX Security</citetitle> - <authorgroup> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Simson</firstname><surname>Garfinkel</surname></personname></author> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Gene</firstname><surname>Spafford</surname></personname></author> - </authorgroup> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1996</pubdate> - <edition xml:lang="en">2nd edition</edition> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">O'Reilly & Associates, Inc</publishername> - </publisher> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-56592-148-8</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-pgpprettygoodprivacy"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>PGP Pretty Good Privacy</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Simson</firstname><surname>Garfinkel</surname></personname></author> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">O'Reilly & Associates, Inc</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1995</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-56592-098-8</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-pentiumprocarch"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Pentium Processor System Architecture</citetitle> - <authorgroup> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Don</firstname><surname>Anderson</surname></personname></author> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Tom</firstname><surname>Shanley</surname></personname></author> - </authorgroup> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Addison-Wesley</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1995</pubdate> - <edition xml:lang="en">2nd edition</edition> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-201-40992-5</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-progguidetothesvgacards"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Programmer's Guide to the EGA, VGA, and Super VGA Cards</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Richard F.</firstname><surname>Ferraro</surname></personname></author> - <edition xml:lang="en">3rd edition</edition> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Addison-Wesley</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1995</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-201-62490-7</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-80486"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>80486 System Architecture</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Tom</firstname><surname>Shanley</surname></personname></author> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Addison-Wesley</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1995</pubdate> - <edition xml:lang="en">3rd edition</edition> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-201-40994-1</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-isasysarch"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>ISA System Architecture</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Tom</firstname><surname>Shanley</surname></personname></author> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Addison-Wesley</publishername> - </publisher> - <edition xml:lang="en">3rd edition</edition> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1995</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-201-40996-8</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-pcisysarch"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>PCI System Architecture</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Tom</firstname><surname>Shanley</surname></personname></author> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Addison-Wesley</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1995</pubdate> - <edition xml:lang="en">3rd edition</edition> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-201-40993-3</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-theundocumentedpc"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>The Undocumented PC</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Frank</firstname><surname>Van Gilluwe</surname></personname></author> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Addison-Wesley</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1994</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-201-62277-7</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-bellsystemtechnicaljournal"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Bell System Technical Journal, Unix Time-Sharing System</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">American Telephone & Telegraph Company</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">July-August 1978</pubdate> - <edition xml:lang="en">Vol 57, No 6, Part 2</edition> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISSN0005-8580</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-commentaryonunix"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Lion's Commentary on UNIX</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>John</firstname><surname>Lion</surname></personname></author> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">ITP Media Group</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1996</pubdate> - <edition xml:lang="en">6th edition</edition> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1573980137</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-newhackerdict"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>The New Hacker's Dictionary</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Eric S.</firstname><surname>Raymond</surname></personname></author> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">MIT Press</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1996</pubdate> - <edition xml:lang="en">3rd edition</edition> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-262-68092-0</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-aqtrcentofunix"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>A quarter century of UNIX</citetitle> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Peter H.</firstname><surname>Salus</surname></personname></author> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Addison-Wesley</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1994</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-201-54777-5</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-unixhatershandbook"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>The UNIX-HATERS Handbook</citetitle> - <authorgroup> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Steven</firstname><surname>Strassman</surname></personname></author> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Weise</surname></personname></author> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Simon</firstname><surname>Garfinkel</surname></personname></author> - </authorgroup> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">IDG Books Worldwide, Inc</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1994</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-56884-203-1</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-lifewithunix"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Life with UNIX — special edition</citetitle> - <authorgroup> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Don</firstname><surname>Libes</surname></personname></author> - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Sandy</firstname><surname>Ressler</surname></personname></author> - </authorgroup> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Prentice-Hall</publishername> - </publisher> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1989</pubdate> - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 0-13-536657-7</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-bsdfamilytree"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle pubwork="book"> - <link xlink:href="https://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/base/head/share/misc/bsd-family-tree?view=co"> - The BSD Family Tree</link></citetitle> - <pubdate xml:lang="en">1997</pubdate> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="absolutebsd"> - <biblioset relation="book" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Absolute BSD</citetitle> - - <author xml:lang="en"><personname><firstname>Michael</firstname><surname>Lucas</surname></personname></author> - - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">No Starch Press</publishername> - </publisher> - - <pubdate xml:lang="en">June 2002</pubdate> - - <biblioid class="isbn" xml:lang="en">ISBN 1-886411-74-3</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-ccppusersjournal"> - <biblioset relation="magazine" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>The C/C++ Users Journal</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">R&D Publications Inc.</publishername> - </publisher> - <biblioid class="issn" xml:lang="en">ISSN 1075-2838</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> - - <biblioentry xml:id="biblio-sysadminthejournalforunixsysadmins"> - <biblioset relation="magazine" xml:lang="en"> - <citetitle>Sys Admin — The Journal for UNIX System Administrators</citetitle> - <publisher> - <publishername xml:lang="en">Miller Freeman, Inc</publishername> - </publisher> - <biblioid class="issn" xml:lang="en">ISSN 1061-2688</biblioid> - </biblioset> - </biblioentry> -</bibliography> - </book> diff --git a/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/zh_TW.po b/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/zh_TW.po index 4a6c810ab1..bb1de3e03f 100644 --- a/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/zh_TW.po +++ b/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/zh_TW.po @@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: \n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-11-23 03:23+0800\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-11-09 16:47+0800\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-01-17 06:22+0800\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-01-16 22:40+0800\n" "Last-Translator: \n" "Language-Team: \n" "Language: zh_TW\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.7.1\n" +"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.11\n" #. Put one translator per line, in the form NAME <EMAIL>, YEAR1, YEAR2 msgctxt "_" @@ -19,12 +19,9 @@ msgstr "translator-credits" #. (itstool) path: info/title #: book.translate.xml:19 -msgid "" -"Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and " -"11.<replaceable>X</replaceable>" -msgstr "" -"FreeBSD 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> " -"常見問答集" +#, fuzzy +msgid "Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and 12.<replaceable>X</replaceable>" +msgstr "FreeBSD 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 常見問答集" #. (itstool) path: info/author #: book.translate.xml:22 @@ -35,20 +32,14 @@ msgstr "<orgname>FreeBSD 文件計畫</orgname>" #: book.translate.xml:24 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"<year>1995</year> <year>1996</year> <year>1997</year> <year>1998</year> " -"<year>1999</year> <year>2000</year> <year>2001</year> <year>2002</year> " -"<year>2003</year> <year>2004</year> <year>2005</year> <year>2006</year> " -"<year>2007</year> <year>2008</year> <year>2009</year> <year>2010</year> " -"<year>2011</year> <year>2012</year> <year>2013</year> <year>2014</year> " -"<year>2015</year> <year>2016</year> <year>2017</year> <year>2018</year> " +"<year>1995</year> <year>1996</year> <year>1997</year> <year>1998</year> <year>1999</year> <year>2000</year> <year>2001</year> <year>2002</year> " +"<year>2003</year> <year>2004</year> <year>2005</year> <year>2006</year> <year>2007</year> <year>2008</year> <year>2009</year> <year>2010</year> " +"<year>2011</year> <year>2012</year> <year>2013</year> <year>2014</year> <year>2015</year> <year>2016</year> <year>2017</year> <year>2018</year> " "<holder>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</holder>" msgstr "" -"<year>1995</year> <year>1996</year> <year>1997</year> <year>1998</year> " -"<year>1999</year> <year>2000</year> <year>2001</year> <year>2002</year> " -"<year>2003</year> <year>2004</year> <year>2005</year> <year>2006</year> " -"<year>2007</year> <year>2008</year> <year>2009</year> <year>2010</year> " -"<year>2011</year> <year>2012</year> <year>2013</year> <year>2014</year> " -"<year>2015</year> <year>2016</year> <year>2017</year> <holder>The FreeBSD " +"<year>1995</year> <year>1996</year> <year>1997</year> <year>1998</year> <year>1999</year> <year>2000</year> <year>2001</year> <year>2002</year> " +"<year>2003</year> <year>2004</year> <year>2005</year> <year>2006</year> <year>2007</year> <year>2008</year> <year>2009</year> <year>2010</year> " +"<year>2011</year> <year>2012</year> <year>2013</year> <year>2014</year> <year>2015</year> <year>2016</year> <year>2017</year> <holder>The FreeBSD " "Documentation Project</holder>" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/title @@ -59,42 +50,33 @@ msgstr "版權所有" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para #: book.translate.xml:57 msgid "" -"Redistribution and use in source (XML DocBook) and 'compiled' forms (XML, " -"HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without modification, are " +"Redistribution and use in source (XML DocBook) and 'compiled' forms (XML, HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without modification, are " "permitted provided that the following conditions are met:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:64 msgid "" -"Redistributions of source code (XML DocBook) must retain the above copyright " -"notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as the first " +"Redistributions of source code (XML DocBook) must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as the first " "lines of this file unmodified." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:70 msgid "" -"Redistributions in compiled form (transformed to other DTDs, converted to " -"PDF, PostScript, RTF and other formats) must reproduce the above copyright " -"notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the " -"documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution." +"Redistributions in compiled form (transformed to other DTDs, converted to PDF, PostScript, RTF and other formats) must reproduce the above copyright " +"notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: important/para #: book.translate.xml:79 msgid "" -"THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT \"AS IS" -"\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE " -"IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE " -"ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT BE " -"LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR " -"CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF " -"SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS " -"INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN " -"CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) " -"ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF " -"THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE." +"THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT \"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE " +"IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT BE " +"LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE " +"GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT " +"LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF " +"SUCH DAMAGE." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para @@ -105,41 +87,29 @@ msgstr "FreeBSD 是 FreeBSD基金會的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para #: book.translate.xml:98 msgid "" -"Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, Flash and PostScript are either registered " -"trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States " +"Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, Flash and PostScript are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States " "and/or other countries." -msgstr "" -"Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, 以及 PostScript 是 Adobe Systems " -"Incorporated 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" +msgstr "Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, 以及 PostScript 是 Adobe Systems Incorporated 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para #: book.translate.xml:102 msgid "" -"IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks of " -"International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other " -"countries, or both." -msgstr "" -"IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, 和 ThinkPad 是 國際商用機器公司在美國和" -"其他國家的註冊商標或商標。" +"IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, " +"or both." +msgstr "IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, 和 ThinkPad 是 國際商用機器公司在美國和其他國家的註冊商標或商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para #: book.translate.xml:106 -msgid "" -"IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered trademarks of Institute of Electrical " -"and Electronics Engineers, Inc. in the United States." -msgstr "" -"IEEE, POSIX, 和 802 是 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, " -"Inc. 在美國的註冊商標。" +msgid "IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered trademarks of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. in the United States." +msgstr "IEEE, POSIX, 和 802 是 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 在美國的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para #: book.translate.xml:109 msgid "" -"Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, " -"and Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its " -"subsidiaries in the United States and other countries." +"Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or " +"its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries." msgstr "" -"Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, " -"和 Xeon 是 Intel Corporation 及其分支機構在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" +"Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, 和 Xeon 是 Intel Corporation 及其分支機構在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para #: book.translate.xml:113 @@ -149,12 +119,9 @@ msgstr "Linux 是 Linus Torvalds 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para #: book.translate.xml:115 msgid "" -"Microsoft, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media and Windows " -"NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation " +"Microsoft, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media and Windows NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation " "in the United States and/or other countries." -msgstr "" -"Microsoft, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media, 和 Windows " -"NT 是 Microsoft Corporation 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" +msgstr "Microsoft, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media, 和 Windows NT 是 Microsoft Corporation 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para #: book.translate.xml:119 @@ -164,86 +131,61 @@ msgstr "NetBSD 是 NetBSD基金會的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para #: book.translate.xml:121 msgid "" -"Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The " -"Open Group are trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other " +"Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The Open Group are trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other " "countries." -msgstr "" -"Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The " -"Open Group 是 The Open Group 在美國和其他國家的商標。" +msgstr "Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The Open Group 是 The Open Group 在美國和其他國家的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para #: book.translate.xml:125 -msgid "" -"Silicon Graphics, SGI, and OpenGL are registered trademarks of Silicon " -"Graphics, Inc., in the United States and/or other countries worldwide." -msgstr "" -"Silicon Graphics, SGI, 和 OpenGL 是 Silicon Graphics, Inc. 在美國和/或其他國" -"家的註冊商標。" +msgid "Silicon Graphics, SGI, and OpenGL are registered trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc., in the United States and/or other countries worldwide." +msgstr "Silicon Graphics, SGI, 和 OpenGL 是 Silicon Graphics, Inc. 在美國和/或其他國家的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para #: book.translate.xml:128 msgid "" -"Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, " -"Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox are trademarks or " -"registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and " -"other countries." +"Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox are trademarks or " +"registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries." msgstr "" -"Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, " -"Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox 是 Sun " -"Microsystems, Inc. 在美國和其他國家的註冊商標。" +"Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox 是 Sun Microsystems, " +"Inc. 在美國和其他國家的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para #: book.translate.xml:133 msgid "" -"Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish " -"their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in " -"this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the " -"designations have been followed by the <quote>™</quote> or the <quote>®</" +"Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in " +"this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed by the <quote>™</quote> or the <quote>®</" "quote> symbol." msgstr "" -"許多製造商和經銷商使用一些稱為商標的圖案或文字設計來彰顯自己的產品。 本文中出" -"現的眾多商標，以及 FreeBSD Project 本身廣所人知的商標，後面將以<quote>™</" +"許多製造商和經銷商使用一些稱為商標的圖案或文字設計來彰顯自己的產品。 本文中出現的眾多商標，以及 FreeBSD Project 本身廣所人知的商標，後面將以<quote>™</" "quote> 或 <quote>®</quote> 符號來標註。" #. (itstool) path: info/releaseinfo #: book.translate.xml:141 #, fuzzy -msgid "" -"$FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml 52497 2018-11-18 11:08:58Z " -"bcr $" -msgstr "" -"$FreeBSD: head/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/zh_TW.po 51191 2017-11-09 14:15:53Z " -"rcyu $" +msgid "$FreeBSD$" +msgstr "$FreeBSD$" #. (itstool) path: abstract/para #: book.translate.xml:144 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"This is the Frequently Asked Questions <acronym>(FAQ)</acronym> for FreeBSD " -"versions 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and 11.<replaceable>X</" -"replaceable>. Every effort has been made to make this <acronym>FAQ</acronym> " -"as informative as possible; if you have any suggestions as to how it may be " -"improved, send them to the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/" -"mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc\">FreeBSD documentation project mailing list</" +"This is the Frequently Asked Questions <acronym>(FAQ)</acronym> for FreeBSD versions 12.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and 11.<replaceable>X</" +"replaceable>. Every effort has been made to make this <acronym>FAQ</acronym> as informative as possible; if you have any suggestions as to how it may " +"be improved, send them to the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc\">FreeBSD documentation project mailing list</" "link>." msgstr "" -"這份文件是 FreeBSD 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 和 11.<replaceable>X</" -"replaceable> 常見問答集 ( <acronym>(FAQ)</acronym> )。我們盡可能地讓這份 " -"<acronym>FAQ</acronym> 提供有用的資訊 ; 如果您有任何改善建議，請寄到 <link " -"xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc\">FreeBSD " +"這份文件是 FreeBSD 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 和 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 常見問答集 ( <acronym>(FAQ)</acronym> )。我們盡可能地讓這份 " +"<acronym>FAQ</acronym> 提供有用的資訊 ; 如果您有任何改善建議，請寄到 <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc\">FreeBSD " "文件計畫郵件論壇</link>。" #. (itstool) path: abstract/para #: book.translate.xml:151 msgid "" -"The latest version of this document is always available from the <link xlink:" -"href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/index.html" -"\">FreeBSD website</link>. It may also be downloaded as one large <link " -"xlink:href=\"book.html\">HTML</link> file with HTTP or as a variety of other " -"formats from the <link xlink:href=\"https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/" -"\">FreeBSD FTP server</link>." +"The latest version of this document is always available from the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/index.html" +"\">FreeBSD website</link>. It may also be downloaded as one large <link xlink:href=\"book.html\">HTML</link> file with HTTP or as a variety of other " +"formats from the <link xlink:href=\"https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/\">FreeBSD FTP server</link>." msgstr "" -"The latest version of this document is always available from the <link xlink:" -"href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/index.html" +"The latest version of this document is always available from the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/index.html" "\">FreeBSD website</link>. " #. (itstool) path: chapter/title @@ -259,47 +201,36 @@ msgstr "什麼是 FreeBSD？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:170 msgid "" -"FreeBSD is a modern operating system for desktops, laptops, servers, and " -"embedded systems with support for a large number of <link xlink:href=" -"\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/\">platforms</link>." +"FreeBSD is a modern operating system for desktops, laptops, servers, and embedded systems with support for a large number of <link xlink:href=\"https://" +"www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/\">platforms</link>." msgstr "" -"FreeBSD 是一個使用於桌機、筆電、伺服器與嵌入式系統平台的現代作業系統，支援多" -"種<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/\">平台</link>。" +"FreeBSD 是一個使用於桌機、筆電、伺服器與嵌入式系統平台的現代作業系統，支援多種<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/\">平台</link>。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:174 msgid "" -"It is based on U.C. Berkeley's <quote>4.4BSD-Lite</quote> release, with some " -"<quote>4.4BSD-Lite2</quote> enhancements. It is also based indirectly on " -"William Jolitz's port of U.C. Berkeley's <quote>Net/2</quote> to the " -"<trademark>i386</trademark>, known as <quote>386BSD</quote>, though very " -"little of the 386BSD code remains." +"It is based on U.C. Berkeley's <quote>4.4BSD-Lite</quote> release, with some <quote>4.4BSD-Lite2</quote> enhancements. It is also based indirectly on " +"William Jolitz's port of U.C. Berkeley's <quote>Net/2</quote> to the <trademark>i386</trademark>, known as <quote>386BSD</quote>, though very little of " +"the 386BSD code remains." msgstr "" -"它是根據 U.C. Berkeley 所開發出來的 <quote>4.4BSD-Lite</quote> ，並加上了許" -"多 <quote>4.4BSD-Lite2</quote> 的增強功能。它同時也間接使用了 U.C. Berkeley " -"所開發出來並由 William Jolitz 移植到 <trademark>i386</trademark> 的 " -"<quote>Net/2</quote>，也就是 <quote>386BSD</quote>，不過現在 386BSD 的程式碼" -"只剩下極少數還留 存在 FreeBSD 中。" +"它是根據 U.C. Berkeley 所開發出來的 <quote>4.4BSD-Lite</quote> ，並加上了許多 <quote>4.4BSD-Lite2</quote> 的增強功能。它同時也間接使用了 U.C. Berkeley " +"所開發出來並由 William Jolitz 移植到 <trademark>i386</trademark> 的 <quote>Net/2</quote>，也就是 <quote>386BSD</quote>，不過現在 386BSD 的程式碼只剩下極" +"少數還留 存在 FreeBSD 中。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:182 msgid "" -"FreeBSD is used by companies, Internet Service Providers, researchers, " -"computer professionals, students and home users all over the world in their " +"FreeBSD is used by companies, Internet Service Providers, researchers, computer professionals, students and home users all over the world in their " "work, education and recreation." -msgstr "" -"FreeBSD 已被廣泛地被世界各地的公司行號、ISP、研究人員、電腦 專家、學生，以及" -"家庭用戶所使用，用在工作、教育以及娛樂上。" +msgstr "FreeBSD 已被廣泛地被世界各地的公司行號、ISP、研究人員、電腦 專家、學生，以及家庭用戶所使用，用在工作、教育以及娛樂上。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:187 msgid "" -"For more detailed information on FreeBSD, refer to the <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD " +"For more detailed information on FreeBSD, refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD " "Handbook</link>." msgstr "" -"如果想看關於 FreeBSD 更深入的資料，請看 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" -"doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD 使用手冊</link>。" +"如果想看關於 FreeBSD 更深入的資料，請看 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD 使用手冊</link>。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:195 @@ -309,12 +240,9 @@ msgstr "發展 FreeBSD 計畫的目的是什麼？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:199 msgid "" -"The goal of the FreeBSD Project is to provide a stable and fast general " -"purpose operating system that may be used for any purpose without strings " +"The goal of the FreeBSD Project is to provide a stable and fast general purpose operating system that may be used for any purpose without strings " "attached." -msgstr "" -"FreeBSD 計畫的目的是提供可以任意使用且沒有限制的穩定快速與一般用途的作業系" -"統。" +msgstr "FreeBSD 計畫的目的是提供可以任意使用且沒有限制的穩定快速與一般用途的作業系統。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:207 @@ -324,13 +252,10 @@ msgstr "FreeBSD 版權有任何限制嗎？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:211 msgid "" -"Yes. Those restrictions do not control how the code is used, but how to " -"treat the FreeBSD Project itself. The license itself is available at <link " -"xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html" -"\">license</link> and can be summarized like this:" +"Yes. Those restrictions do not control how the code is used, but how to treat the FreeBSD Project itself. The license itself is available at <link " +"xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html\">license</link> and can be summarized like this:" msgstr "" -"有的。但是這並不是限制你怎麼去使用這些程式碼，而是你怎麼看待 FreeBSD 這個計" -"畫。可以在此閱讀 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/" +"有的。但是這並不是限制你怎麼去使用這些程式碼，而是你怎麼看待 FreeBSD 這個計畫。可以在此閱讀 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/" "freebsd-license.html\"> 版權本文</link>，簡單來說總結如下:" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para @@ -351,42 +276,28 @@ msgstr "不要移除和修改版權" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:231 msgid "" -"Many of us have a significant investment in the project and would certainly " -"not mind a little financial compensation now and then, but we definitely do " -"not insist on it. We believe that our first and foremost <quote>mission</" -"quote> is to provide code to any and all comers, and for whatever purpose, " -"so that the code gets the widest possible use and provides the widest " -"possible benefit. This, we believe, is one of the most fundamental goals of " -"Free Software and one that we enthusiastically support." +"Many of us have a significant investment in the project and would certainly not mind a little financial compensation now and then, but we definitely do " +"not insist on it. We believe that our first and foremost <quote>mission</quote> is to provide code to any and all comers, and for whatever purpose, so " +"that the code gets the widest possible use and provides the widest possible benefit. This, we believe, is one of the most fundamental goals of Free " +"Software and one that we enthusiastically support." msgstr "" -"我們許多人在這個計畫投入很多心血，並不會介意獲得一些財務上的報酬，但是我們並" -"沒有堅持一定要有。我們相信我們首要的<quote>任務</quote>是將程式碼提供給所有使" -"用者，無論他們有任何的目的，這麼一來，這些程式碼才能被用在最多地方，也才能發" -"揮它們最大的利益。我們相信這就是自由軟體最基本的目標之一，而且我們會盡全力去" -"支持它。" +"我們許多人在這個計畫投入很多心血，並不會介意獲得一些財務上的報酬，但是我們並沒有堅持一定要有。我們相信我們首要的<quote>任務</quote>是將程式碼提供給所有" +"使用者，無論他們有任何的目的，這麼一來，這些程式碼才能被用在最多地方，也才能發揮它們最大的利益。我們相信這就是自由軟體最基本的目標之一，而且我們會盡全力" +"去支持它。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:242 msgid "" -"Code in our source tree which falls under the <link xlink:href=\"https://www." -"FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING\">GNU General Public License (GPL)</link> or " -"<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING.LIB\">GNU " -"Library General Public License (LGPL)</link> comes with slightly more " -"strings attached, though at least on the side of enforced access rather than " -"the usual opposite. Due to the additional complexities that can evolve in " -"the commercial use of GPL software, we do, however, endeavor to replace such " -"software with submissions under the more relaxed <link xlink:href=\"https://" -"www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html\">FreeBSD license</link> " -"whenever possible." -msgstr "" -"在我們 source tree 中有部份的程式碼是採用所謂的<link xlink:href=\"https://" -"www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING\">GNU General Public License (GPL)</link> " -"或 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING.LIB\">GNU " -"Library General Public License (LGPL)</link>版權宣告，雖然這些版權宣告是用來" -"保障而非限制使用者的權 利，畢竟是不那麼自由了些。由於這些 GPL 的軟體在商業使" -"用上會引起 非常複雜的版權問題，因此只要有機會，我們會盡量以採用比較鬆的 " -"<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html" -"\">FreeBSD 版權</link> 的軟體來取代這些 GPL 版權宣告的軟體。" +"Code in our source tree which falls under the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING\">GNU General Public License (GPL)</link> or " +"<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING.LIB\">GNU Library General Public License (LGPL)</link> comes with slightly more strings " +"attached, though at least on the side of enforced access rather than the usual opposite. Due to the additional complexities that can evolve in the " +"commercial use of GPL software, we do, however, endeavor to replace such software with submissions under the more relaxed <link xlink:href=\"https://" +"www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html\">FreeBSD license</link> whenever possible." +msgstr "" +"在我們 source tree 中有部份的程式碼是採用所謂的<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING\">GNU General Public License (GPL)</link> " +"或 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING.LIB\">GNU Library General Public License (LGPL)</link>版權宣告，雖然這些版權宣告是用來保" +"障而非限制使用者的權 利，畢竟是不那麼自由了些。由於這些 GPL 的軟體在商業使用上會引起 非常複雜的版權問題，因此只要有機會，我們會盡量以採用比較鬆的 <link " +"xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html\">FreeBSD 版權</link> 的軟體來取代這些 GPL 版權宣告的軟體。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:257 @@ -395,68 +306,46 @@ msgstr "FreeBSD 可以取代我現在在用的作業系統嗎？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:261 -msgid "" -"For most people, yes. But this question is not quite that cut-and-dried." +msgid "For most people, yes. But this question is not quite that cut-and-dried." msgstr "對大部份的人來說是這樣沒錯，但事實上這問題並沒有這麼好回答。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:264 msgid "" -"Most people do not actually use an operating system. They use applications. " -"The applications are what really use the operating system. FreeBSD is " -"designed to provide a robust and full-featured environment for applications. " -"It supports a wide variety of web browsers, office suites, email readers, " -"graphics programs, programming environments, network servers, and much more. " -"Most of these applications can be managed through the <link xlink:href=" +"Most people do not actually use an operating system. They use applications. The applications are what really use the operating system. FreeBSD is " +"designed to provide a robust and full-featured environment for applications. It supports a wide variety of web browsers, office suites, email readers, " +"graphics programs, programming environments, network servers, and much more. Most of these applications can be managed through the <link xlink:href=" "\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/\">Ports Collection</link>." msgstr "" -"大部份的人並不是真正在使用一個作業系統。他們使用的是應用程式 ；而那些應用程式" -"才是真正用到作業系統的東西。FreeBSD 是設計用來提供一個強韌且功能完整的作業環" -"境給應用程式來執行。它支援了多種瀏覽器，辦公室套件軟體，電子郵件閱讀軟體，繪" -"圖程式，程式設計環境，網路伺服器軟體，以及幾乎所有你想要的東西。大部份的程式" -"都可以靠 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/\">Ports " -"Collection</link> 來管理。" +"大部份的人並不是真正在使用一個作業系統。他們使用的是應用程式 ；而那些應用程式才是真正用到作業系統的東西。FreeBSD 是設計用來提供一個強韌且功能完整的作業" +"環境給應用程式來執行。它支援了多種瀏覽器，辦公室套件軟體，電子郵件閱讀軟體，繪圖程式，程式設計環境，網路伺服器軟體，以及幾乎所有你想要的東西。大部份的程" +"式都可以靠 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/\">Ports Collection</link> 來管理。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:275 msgid "" -"If an application is only available on one operating system, that operating " -"system cannot just be replaced. Chances are, there is a very similar " -"application on FreeBSD, however. As a solid office or Internet server or a " -"reliable workstation, FreeBSD will almost certainly do everything you need. " -"Many computer users across the world, including both novices and experienced " -"<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> administrators, use FreeBSD " -"as their only desktop operating system." -msgstr "" -"但是如果你想要使用的應用程式只能在某個特定的作業系統上面執行 的話，你就不能輕" -"易地把它換掉，或者指望在 FreeBSD 上有很相似的應用程式才有機會。如果你想要的是" -"一個強健的辦公室或是網路伺服器，或是一部穩定的工作站，FreeBSD 無疑是您的最佳" -"選擇。世界各地有很多使用者，包括初學或資深的 <trademark class=\"registered" +"If an application is only available on one operating system, that operating system cannot just be replaced. Chances are, there is a very similar " +"application on FreeBSD, however. As a solid office or Internet server or a reliable workstation, FreeBSD will almost certainly do everything you need. " +"Many computer users across the world, including both novices and experienced <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> administrators, use " +"FreeBSD as their only desktop operating system." +msgstr "" +"但是如果你想要使用的應用程式只能在某個特定的作業系統上面執行 的話，你就不能輕易地把它換掉，或者指望在 FreeBSD 上有很相似的應用程式才有機會。如果你想要的" +"是一個強健的辦公室或是網路伺服器，或是一部穩定的工作站，FreeBSD 無疑是您的最佳選擇。世界各地有很多使用者，包括初學或資深的 <trademark class=\"registered" "\">UNIX</trademark> 管理人員都選用 FreeBSD 當他們唯一的桌上作業系統。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:285 msgid "" -"Users migrating to FreeBSD from another <trademark class=\"registered" -"\">UNIX</trademark>-like environment will find FreeBSD to be similar. " -"<trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> and <trademark class=" -"\"registered\">Mac OS</trademark> users may be interested in instead using " -"<link xlink:href=\"https://www.trueos.org\">TrueOS</link>, a FreeBSD-based " -"desktop distribution. Non-<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> " -"users should expect to invest some additional time learning the <trademark " -"class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> way of doing things. This " -"<acronym>FAQ</acronym> and the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" -"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD Handbook</link> are " -"excellent places to start." -msgstr "" -"如果你是從其他的 <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>-like 環境轉" -"換到 FreeBSD 的話會很熟悉。 <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</" -"trademark> 或是 <trademark class=\"registered\">Mac OS</trademark> 的使用者可" -"能會對 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.trueos.org\">TrueOS</link> 有興趣，他是" -"基於 FreeBSD 的一個桌面環境發行版，非<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</" -"trademark> 使用者可能就要多花一點時間來學習怎麼用 <trademark class=" -"\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 的 方法來做事。你可以從這份 <acronym>FAQ</" -"acronym> 和 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/" +"Users migrating to FreeBSD from another <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>-like environment will find FreeBSD to be similar. <trademark " +"class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> and <trademark class=\"registered\">Mac OS</trademark> users may be interested in instead using <link xlink:" +"href=\"https://www.trueos.org\">TrueOS</link>, a FreeBSD-based desktop distribution. Non-<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> users should " +"expect to invest some additional time learning the <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> way of doing things. This <acronym>FAQ</acronym> " +"and the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD Handbook</link> are excellent places to start." +msgstr "" +"如果你是從其他的 <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>-like 環境轉換到 FreeBSD 的話會很熟悉。 <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</" +"trademark> 或是 <trademark class=\"registered\">Mac OS</trademark> 的使用者可能會對 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.trueos.org\">TrueOS</link> 有興趣，他" +"是基於 FreeBSD 的一個桌面環境發行版，非<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 使用者可能就要多花一點時間來學習怎麼用 <trademark class=" +"\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 的 方法來做事。你可以從這份 <acronym>FAQ</acronym> 和 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/" "handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD 使用手冊</link> 來入門。" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -472,91 +361,63 @@ msgstr "您可以免費使用它，即使是用於商業用途。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:310 msgid "" -"Full source for the operating system is freely available, and the minimum " -"possible restrictions have been placed upon its use, distribution and " +"Full source for the operating system is freely available, and the minimum possible restrictions have been placed upon its use, distribution and " "incorporation into other work (commercial or non-commercial)." -msgstr "" -"整個 FreeBSD 作業系統完整的原始程式都可以免費取得，而且不管是在使用，散佈或是" -"整合進其他程式等各方面也只受到最小的限制 (不論是否用於商業用途)。" +msgstr "整個 FreeBSD 作業系統完整的原始程式都可以免費取得，而且不管是在使用，散佈或是整合進其他程式等各方面也只受到最小的限制 (不論是否用於商業用途)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:318 msgid "" -"Anyone who has an improvement or bug fix is free to submit their code and " -"have it added to the source tree (subject to one or two obvious provisions)." -msgstr "" -"任何人都可以自由地把他對系統的改良或錯誤修正的程式碼加入 source tree 之中 (當" -"然要符合幾個先決條件)。" +"Anyone who has an improvement or bug fix is free to submit their code and have it added to the source tree (subject to one or two obvious provisions)." +msgstr "任何人都可以自由地把他對系統的改良或錯誤修正的程式碼加入 source tree 之中 (當然要符合幾個先決條件)。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:325 msgid "" -"It is worth pointing out that the word <quote>free</quote> is being used in " -"two ways here: one meaning <quote>at no cost</quote> and the other meaning " -"<quote>do whatever you like</quote>. Apart from one or two things you " -"<emphasis>cannot</emphasis> do with the FreeBSD code, for example pretending " -"you wrote it, you can really do whatever you like with it." +"It is worth pointing out that the word <quote>free</quote> is being used in two ways here: one meaning <quote>at no cost</quote> and the other meaning " +"<quote>do whatever you like</quote>. Apart from one or two things you <emphasis>cannot</emphasis> do with the FreeBSD code, for example pretending you " +"wrote it, you can really do whatever you like with it." msgstr "" -"特別值得注意的是這裡的 “free” 出現了兩次，而且它們 的意思是不一樣的：一種代" -"表 “免費”，另一種代表 “自由”。您可以拿 FreeBSD 去做任何您想要做的事，除了一些" +"特別值得注意的是這裡的 “free” 出現了兩次，而且它們 的意思是不一樣的：一種代表 “免費”，另一種代表 “自由”。您可以拿 FreeBSD 去做任何您想要做的事，除了一些" "例外，例如您宣稱 FreeBSD 是您寫的。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:337 -msgid "" -"What are the differences between FreeBSD and NetBSD, OpenBSD, and other open " -"source BSD operating systems?" -msgstr "" -"FreeBSD 及 NetBSD, OpenBSD 以及其他 open source BSD 作業系統之間有何不同之處" -"呢？" +msgid "What are the differences between FreeBSD and NetBSD, OpenBSD, and other open source BSD operating systems?" +msgstr "FreeBSD 及 NetBSD, OpenBSD 以及其他 open source BSD 作業系統之間有何不同之處呢？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:343 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"James Howard wrote a good explanation of the history and differences between " -"the various projects, called <link xlink:href=\"https://jameshoward.us/" -"archive/the-bsd-family-tree/\">The BSD Family Tree</link> which goes a fair " -"way to answering this question. Some of the information is out of date, but " +"James Howard wrote a good explanation of the history and differences between the various projects, called <link xlink:href=\"https://jameshoward.us/" +"archive/the-bsd-family-tree/\">The BSD Family Tree</link> which goes a fair way to answering this question. Some of the information is out of date, but " "the history portion in particular remains accurate." msgstr "" -"James Howard 寫了一篇關於不同計畫的差異和歷史淵源的好文章叫 <link xlink:href=" -"\"http://www.freebsdworld.gr/freebsd/bsd-family-tree.html\">The BSD Family " -"Tree</link> 可以回答這個問題。雖然有些資訊有點過時，但是關於歷史淵源的部份仍" -"是相當正確的。" +"James Howard 寫了一篇關於不同計畫的差異和歷史淵源的好文章叫 <link xlink:href=\"http://www.freebsdworld.gr/freebsd/bsd-family-tree.html\">The BSD Family " +"Tree</link> 可以回答這個問題。雖然有些資訊有點過時，但是關於歷史淵源的部份仍是相當正確的。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:350 -msgid "" -"Most of the BSDs share patches and code, even today. All of the BSDs have " -"common ancestry." -msgstr "" -"時至今日，大部分的 BSD 家族仍是共用修補和程式碼的。這些 BSD 家族有著共同的祖" -"先。" +msgid "Most of the BSDs share patches and code, even today. All of the BSDs have common ancestry." +msgstr "時至今日，大部分的 BSD 家族仍是共用修補和程式碼的。這些 BSD 家族有著共同的祖先。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:353 msgid "" -"The design goals of FreeBSD are described in <xref linkend=\"FreeBSD-goals\"/" -">, above. The design goals of the other most popular BSDs may be summarized " -"as follows:" -msgstr "" -" FreeBSD 的設計目的如 <xref linkend=\"FreeBSD-goals\"/> 所述。其他 BSD 家族的" -"設計目的如下所述：" +"The design goals of FreeBSD are described in <xref linkend=\"FreeBSD-goals\"/>, above. The design goals of the other most popular BSDs may be " +"summarized as follows:" +msgstr " FreeBSD 的設計目的如 <xref linkend=\"FreeBSD-goals\"/> 所述。其他 BSD 家族的設計目的如下所述：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:359 msgid "" -"OpenBSD aims for operating system security above all else. The OpenBSD team " -"wrote <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pf</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, which have both been " -"ported to FreeBSD." +"OpenBSD aims for operating system security above all else. The OpenBSD team wrote <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, which have both been ported to " +"FreeBSD." msgstr "" -"OpenBSD 目標在作業系統的安全性。OpenBSD團隊寫的 " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pf</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> 都移植到了 FreeBSD。" +"OpenBSD 目標在作業系統的安全性。OpenBSD團隊寫的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> 都移植到了 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:366 @@ -566,12 +427,9 @@ msgstr "NetBSD 目標在易於移植到其他的硬體平台。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:371 msgid "" -"DragonFly BSD is a fork of FreeBSD 4.8 that has since developed many " -"interesting features of its own, including the HAMMER file system and " -"support for user-mode <quote>vkernels</quote>." -msgstr "" -"DragonFly BSD 是 FreeBSD 4.8 的一個分支，發展出許多有趣的特色，包括 HAMMER 檔" -"案系統和支援 <quote>vkernels</quote> 使用者模式。" +"DragonFly BSD is a fork of FreeBSD 4.8 that has since developed many interesting features of its own, including the HAMMER file system and support for " +"user-mode <quote>vkernels</quote>." +msgstr "DragonFly BSD 是 FreeBSD 4.8 的一個分支，發展出許多有趣的特色，包括 HAMMER 檔案系統和支援 <quote>vkernels</quote> 使用者模式。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:382 @@ -580,75 +438,56 @@ msgstr "最新版的 FreeBSD 是那一版？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:386 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"At any point in the development of FreeBSD, there can be multiple parallel " -"branches. 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases are made from the " -"<emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> branch, and 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> " -"releases are made from the <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> branch." +"At any point in the development of FreeBSD, there can be multiple parallel branches. 12.<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases are made from the " +"<emphasis>12-STABLE</emphasis> branch, and 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases are made from the <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> branch." msgstr "" -"在 FreeBSD 開發的任何時間點，都有多個平行的分支。11.<replaceable>X</" -"replaceable> releases 是從 <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> 分支而來，而 10." -"<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases 是從 <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> 分" -"支而來。" +"在 FreeBSD 開發的任何時間點，都有多個平行的分支。11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases 是從 <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> 分支而來，而 10." +"<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases 是從 <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> 分支而來。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:391 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"Up until the release of 9.0, the 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> series was " -"the one known as <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>. However, as of 12." -"<replaceable>X</replaceable>, the 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> branch " -"will be designated for an <quote>extended support</quote> status and receive " +"Up until the release of 9.0, the 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> series was the one known as <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>. However, as of 13." +"<replaceable>X</replaceable>, the 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> branch will be designated for an <quote>extended support</quote> status and receive " "only fixes for major problems, such as security-related fixes." msgstr "" -"在 9.0 之前，10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 系列仍屬 <emphasis>-STABLE</" -"emphasis>分支。 然而從12.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 發行開始，10." -"<replaceable>X</replaceable> 將只著重在重大問題上(比如：漏洞修補、安全維護)以" -"及所謂的 <quote>extended support</quote> 。" +"在 9.0 之前，10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 系列仍屬 <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>分支。 然而從12.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 發行開始，10." +"<replaceable>X</replaceable> 將只著重在重大問題上(比如：漏洞修補、安全維護)以及所謂的 <quote>extended support</quote> 。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:402 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Version <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/" -"i386/11.2-RELEASE/\">11.2</link> is the latest release from the <emphasis>11-" -"STABLE</emphasis> branch; it was released in June 2018. Version <link xlink:" -"href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/\">10.4</" -"link> is the latest release from the <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> branch; " -"it was released in October 2017." -msgstr "" -"於 2017年七月所發行的 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" -"releases/i386/i386/11.1-RELEASE/\">11.1</link> 是目前最新的 <emphasis>11-" -"STABLE</emphasis> 分支。 於 2017年十月所發行的 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp." -"FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/\">10.4</link>是目前最新" +"Version <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/i386/12.0-RELEASE/\">12.0</link> is the latest release from the <emphasis>12-" +"STABLE</emphasis> branch; it was released in December 2018. Version <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/" +"\">10.4</link> is the latest release from the <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> branch; it was released in October 2017." +msgstr "" +"於 2017年七月所發行的 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/i386/11.1-RELEASE/\">11.1</link> 是目前最新的 <emphasis>11-" +"STABLE</emphasis> 分支。 於 2017年十月所發行的 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/\">10.4</link>是目前最新" "的 <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> 分支。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:408 msgid "" -"Releases are made <link linkend=\"release-freq\">every few months</link>. " -"While many people stay more up-to-date with the FreeBSD sources (see the " -"questions on <link linkend=\"current\">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> and <link " -"linkend=\"stable\">FreeBSD-STABLE</link>) than that, doing so is more of a " +"Releases are made <link linkend=\"release-freq\">every few months</link>. While many people stay more up-to-date with the FreeBSD sources (see the " +"questions on <link linkend=\"current\">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> and <link linkend=\"stable\">FreeBSD-STABLE</link>) than that, doing so is more of a " "commitment, as the sources are a moving target." msgstr "" -"Releases 版 <link linkend=\"release-freq\">每幾個月</link> 才會發行一次。 雖" -"然如此，有很多人和 FreeBSD 原始碼同步更新 (詳見 <link linkend=\"current" -"\">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> 和 <link linkend=\"stable\">FreeBSD-STABLE</link>的" -"相關問題) ，但因為原始碼是一直不斷地在變動的，所以如果要這麼做的話得要花上更" -"多的精力。" +"Releases 版 <link linkend=\"release-freq\">每幾個月</link> 才會發行一次。 雖然如此，有很多人和 FreeBSD 原始碼同步更新 (詳見 <link linkend=\"current" +"\">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> 和 <link linkend=\"stable\">FreeBSD-STABLE</link>的相關問題) ，但因為原始碼是一直不斷地在變動的，所以如果要這麼做的話得要花上" +"更多的精力。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:415 msgid "" -"More information on FreeBSD releases can be found on the <link xlink:href=" -"\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html#release-build\">Release " -"Engineering page</link> and in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>release</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +"More information on FreeBSD releases can be found on the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html#release-build\">Release " +"Engineering page</link> and in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" -"其他更多相關 FreeBSD 發行情報，可由 FreeBSD 網站上的 <link xlink:href=" -"\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html#release-build\">Release " -"Engineering 頁面</link> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>release</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>得知。" +"其他更多相關 FreeBSD 發行情報，可由 FreeBSD 網站上的 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html#release-build\">Release Engineering " +"頁面</link> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>得知。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:423 @@ -658,48 +497,33 @@ msgstr "什麼是 <emphasis>FreeBSD-CURRENT</emphasis>?" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:427 msgid "" -"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" -"current-stable.html#current\">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> is the development " -"version of the operating system, which will in due course become the new " -"FreeBSD-STABLE branch. As such, it is really only of interest to developers " -"working on the system and die-hard hobbyists. See the <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable." -"html#current\">relevant section</link> in the <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/index.html" -"\">Handbook</link> for details on running <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>." -msgstr "" -"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/current-" -"stable.html#current\">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> 指的是正在發展中的作業系統版本，" -"它終將在適當的時機成為 FreeBSD-STABLE 分支。它實在是只適合給系統發展者以及有" -"毅力的業餘愛好者使用 。如果想要得到有關如何使用<emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>" -"的深入資訊，請參考<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/" -"handbook/index.html\">使用手冊</link>的<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" -"doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/current-stable.html#current\">相關部份</" -"link>。" +"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html#current\">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> is the development version " +"of the operating system, which will in due course become the new FreeBSD-STABLE branch. As such, it is really only of interest to developers working on " +"the system and die-hard hobbyists. See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html#current" +"\">relevant section</link> in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/index.html\">Handbook</link> for details on " +"running <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>." +msgstr "" +"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/current-stable.html#current\">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> 指的是正在發展中的作業系統版" +"本，它終將在適當的時機成為 FreeBSD-STABLE 分支。它實在是只適合給系統發展者以及有毅力的業餘愛好者使用 。如果想要得到有關如何使用<emphasis>-CURRENT</" +"emphasis>的深入資訊，請參考<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/index.html\">使用手冊</link>的<link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/current-stable.html#current\">相關部份</link>。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:436 msgid "" -"Users not familiar with FreeBSD should not use FreeBSD-CURRENT. This branch " -"sometimes evolves quite quickly and due to mistake can be un-buildable at " -"times. People that use FreeBSD-CURRENT are expected to be able to analyze, " -"debug, and report problems." +"Users not familiar with FreeBSD should not use FreeBSD-CURRENT. This branch sometimes evolves quite quickly and due to mistake can be un-buildable at " +"times. People that use FreeBSD-CURRENT are expected to be able to analyze, debug, and report problems." msgstr "" -"如果您對 FreeBSD 本身並不是很熟悉那麼您就不應該使用FreeBSD-CURRENT。 這個分支" -"的程式碼有時候變動得很快，而且可能會因此 而使您有好幾天的時間無法更新您的系" -"統。我們假設使用 FreeBSD-CURRENT 的使用者都有能力去分析他們所遇到的問題，除" -"錯，並且回報問題。" +"如果您對 FreeBSD 本身並不是很熟悉那麼您就不應該使用FreeBSD-CURRENT。 這個分支的程式碼有時候變動得很快，而且可能會因此 而使您有好幾天的時間無法更新您的系" +"統。我們假設使用 FreeBSD-CURRENT 的使用者都有能力去分析他們所遇到的問題，除錯，並且回報問題。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:442 msgid "" -"FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">snapshot</link> " -"releases are made based on the current state of the <emphasis>-CURRENT</" -"emphasis> and <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> branches. The goals behind each " -"snapshot release are:" +"FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">snapshot</link> releases are made based on the current state of the <emphasis>-CURRENT</" +"emphasis> and <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> branches. The goals behind each snapshot release are:" msgstr "" -"我們每天都會根據目前 <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> 和 <emphasis>-STABLE</" -"emphasis> 的狀況對這兩個分支各發行一個 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" +"我們每天都會根據目前 <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> 和 <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> 的狀況對這兩個分支各發行一個 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" "snapshots/\">snapshot</link> 版。發表這些 snapshot 的目的在於：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para @@ -710,56 +534,39 @@ msgstr "測試最新版的安裝程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:455 msgid "" -"To give people who would like to run <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> or " -"<emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> but who do not have the time or bandwidth to " -"follow it on a day-to-day basis an easy way of bootstrapping it onto their " -"systems." -msgstr "" -"提供一個簡單的方法給那些喜歡使用 <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> 或是 " -"<emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> 但是沒有時間和頻寬去每天昇級的使用者。" +"To give people who would like to run <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> or <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> but who do not have the time or bandwidth to follow " +"it on a day-to-day basis an easy way of bootstrapping it onto their systems." +msgstr "提供一個簡單的方法給那些喜歡使用 <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> 或是 <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> 但是沒有時間和頻寬去每天昇級的使用者。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:464 msgid "" -"To preserve a fixed reference point for the code in question, just in case " -"we break something really badly later. (Although Subversion normally " +"To preserve a fixed reference point for the code in question, just in case we break something really badly later. (Although Subversion normally " "prevents anything horrible like this happening.)" -msgstr "" -"為了替我們發展中的程式保留一個固定的參考點，以防止我們未來不幸搞砸了。(雖然一" -"般而言 Subversion 可以防止類似這種的可怕事件)" +msgstr "為了替我們發展中的程式保留一個固定的參考點，以防止我們未來不幸搞砸了。(雖然一般而言 Subversion 可以防止類似這種的可怕事件)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:471 -msgid "" -"To ensure that all new features and fixes in need of testing have the " -"greatest possible number of potential testers." +msgid "To ensure that all new features and fixes in need of testing have the greatest possible number of potential testers." msgstr "為了確保所有需要測試的新功能或修正都可以得到最多的測試。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:477 msgid "" -"No claims are made that any <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> snapshot can be " -"considered <quote>production quality</quote> for any purpose. If a stable " -"and fully tested system is needed, stick to full releases." +"No claims are made that any <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> snapshot can be considered <quote>production quality</quote> for any purpose. If a stable and " +"fully tested system is needed, stick to full releases." msgstr "" -"我們不對 <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> snapshot 做任何目的的 <quote>品質保證" -"</quote> 。如果你想要的是一個穩定且經過充分測試過的系統的話， 最好選擇使用完" +"我們不對 <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> snapshot 做任何目的的 <quote>品質保證</quote> 。如果你想要的是一個穩定且經過充分測試過的系統的話， 最好選擇使用完" "整 releases." #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:483 -msgid "" -"Snapshot releases are directly available from <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">snapshot</link>." -msgstr "" -"您可以直接從 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">snapshot</" -"link> 取得 -CURRENT 的 snapshot release。" +msgid "Snapshot releases are directly available from <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">snapshot</link>." +msgstr "您可以直接從 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">snapshot</link> 取得 -CURRENT 的 snapshot release。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:485 -msgid "" -"Official snapshots are generated on a regular basis for all actively " -"developed branches." +msgid "Official snapshots are generated on a regular basis for all actively developed branches." msgstr "對每個有在活動的分支而言，都會定期產生一次 snapshots。" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -771,64 +578,41 @@ msgstr "什麼是 <emphasis>FreeBSD-STABLE</emphasis> ?" #: book.translate.xml:497 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Back when FreeBSD 2.0.5 was released, FreeBSD development branched in two. " -"One branch was named <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." -"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html#stable\">-STABLE</link>, one " -"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" -"current-stable.html#current\">-CURRENT</link>. <emphasis>FreeBSD-STABLE</" -"emphasis> is the development branch from which major releases are made. " -"Changes go into this branch at a slower pace and with the general assumption " -"that they have first been tested in FreeBSD-CURRENT. However, at any given " -"time, the sources for FreeBSD-STABLE may or may not be suitable for general " -"use, as it may uncover bugs and corner cases that were not yet found in " -"FreeBSD-CURRENT. Users who do not have the resources to perform testing " -"should instead run the most recent release of FreeBSD. <emphasis>FreeBSD-" -"CURRENT</emphasis>, on the other hand, has been one unbroken line since 2.0 " -"was released, leading towards 11.2-RELEASE and beyond. For more detailed " -"information on branches see <quote><link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" -"en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/release-proc.html#rel-branch\">FreeBSD " -"Release Engineering: Creating the Release Branch</link></quote>, the status " -"of the branches and the upcoming release schedule can be found on the <link " -"xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng\">Release Engineering " -"Information</link> page." -msgstr "" -"回溯到 FreeBSD 2.0.5 剛發表的時候，我們決定把 FreeBSD 的發展 分成兩支。一支叫" -"做 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" -"current-stable.html#stable\">-STABLE</link>，另一支叫 <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable." -"html#current\">-CURRENT</link>。主要發行版是由<emphasis>FreeBSD-STABLE</" -"emphasis> 這個開發分支而來。他的變動較慢，而且一般來說假設他們都已經先在" -"FreeBSD-CURRENT測試過了。然而在任何時候，FreeBSD-STABLE的原始碼仍有可能不一定" -"適合一般用途，因為他可能包含在 FreeBSD-CURRENT 沒有發現到的錯誤。沒有能力和資" -"源的使用者應該改使用 FreeBSD 正式發行版。<emphasis>FreeBSD-CURRENT</" -"emphasis> 從2.0開始就是另一個分支，一直到11.1-RELEASE和之後的版本都還是。更多" -"關於開發分支的資訊請見 <quote><link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." -"ISO8859-1/articles/releng/release-proc.html#rel-branch\">FreeBSD Release " -"Engineering: Creating the Release Branch</link></quote> ，分支的開發狀態和接" -"下來的發行計畫時間表可以在 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng" -"\">Release Engineering 資訊</link> 找到。" +"Back when FreeBSD 2.0.5 was released, FreeBSD development branched in two. One branch was named <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html#stable\">-STABLE</link>, one <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" +"current-stable.html#current\">-CURRENT</link>. <emphasis>FreeBSD-STABLE</emphasis> is the development branch from which major releases are made. " +"Changes go into this branch at a slower pace and with the general assumption that they have first been tested in FreeBSD-CURRENT. However, at any given " +"time, the sources for FreeBSD-STABLE may or may not be suitable for general use, as it may uncover bugs and corner cases that were not yet found in " +"FreeBSD-CURRENT. Users who do not have the resources to perform testing should instead run the most recent release of FreeBSD. <emphasis>FreeBSD-" +"CURRENT</emphasis>, on the other hand, has been one unbroken line since 2.0 was released, leading towards 12.0-RELEASE and beyond. For more detailed " +"information on branches see <quote><link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/release-proc.html#rel-branch\">FreeBSD " +"Release Engineering: Creating the Release Branch</link></quote>, the status of the branches and the upcoming release schedule can be found on the <link " +"xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng\">Release Engineering Information</link> page." +msgstr "" +"回溯到 FreeBSD 2.0.5 剛發表的時候，我們決定把 FreeBSD 的發展 分成兩支。一支叫做 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" +"current-stable.html#stable\">-STABLE</link>，另一支叫 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable." +"html#current\">-CURRENT</link>。主要發行版是由<emphasis>FreeBSD-STABLE</emphasis> 這個開發分支而來。他的變動較慢，而且一般來說假設他們都已經先在FreeBSD-" +"CURRENT測試過了。然而在任何時候，FreeBSD-STABLE的原始碼仍有可能不一定適合一般用途，因為他可能包含在 FreeBSD-CURRENT 沒有發現到的錯誤。沒有能力和資源的使" +"用者應該改使用 FreeBSD 正式發行版。<emphasis>FreeBSD-CURRENT</emphasis> 從2.0開始就是另一個分支，一直到11.1-RELEASE和之後的版本都還是。更多關於開發分支" +"的資訊請見 <quote><link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/release-proc.html#rel-branch\">FreeBSD Release Engineering: " +"Creating the Release Branch</link></quote> ，分支的開發狀態和接下來的發行計畫時間表可以在 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng\">Release " +"Engineering 資訊</link> 找到。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:519 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"11.2-STABLE is the actively developed <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> branch. " -"The latest release on the 11.2-STABLE branch is 11.2-RELEASE, which was " -"released in June 2018." -msgstr "" -"11.1-STABLE 是目前正在發展中的 <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> 分支。最新的 " -"11.1-STABLE 是在 2017年七月發行的 11.1-RELEASE。" +"12.0-STABLE is the actively developed <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> branch. The latest release on the 12.0-STABLE branch is 12.0-RELEASE, which was " +"released in December 2018." +msgstr "11.1-STABLE 是目前正在發展中的 <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> 分支。最新的 11.1-STABLE 是在 2017年七月發行的 11.1-RELEASE。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:525 msgid "" -"The <emphasis>12-CURRENT</emphasis> branch is the actively developed " -"<emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> branch toward the next generation of FreeBSD. " -"See <link linkend=\"current\">What is FreeBSD-CURRENT?</link> for more " -"information on this branch." +"The <emphasis>12-CURRENT</emphasis> branch is the actively developed <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> branch toward the next generation of FreeBSD. See " +"<link linkend=\"current\">What is FreeBSD-CURRENT?</link> for more information on this branch." msgstr "" -"<emphasis>12-CURRENT</emphasis> 這個分支是 FreeBSD 的 <emphasis>-CURRENT</" -"emphasis> 分支，仍然不斷地在發展當中。 如果想要知道更多關於這個分支的資訊的" +"<emphasis>12-CURRENT</emphasis> 這個分支是 FreeBSD 的 <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> 分支，仍然不斷地在發展當中。 如果想要知道更多關於這個分支的資訊的" "話，請參考 <link linkend=\"current\">什麼是 FreeBSD-CURRENT?</link> 。" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -839,43 +623,29 @@ msgstr "每次新的 FreeBSD 將於什麼時候推出？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:539 msgid "" -"The Release Engineering Team <email>re@FreeBSD.org</email> releases a new " -"major version of FreeBSD about every 18 months and a new minor version about " -"every 8 months, on average. Release dates are announced well in advance, so " -"that the people working on the system know when their projects need to be " -"finished and tested. A testing period precedes each release, to ensure that " -"the addition of new features does not compromise the stability of the " -"release. Many users regard this caution as one of the best things about " -"FreeBSD, even though waiting for all the latest goodies to reach <emphasis>-" +"The Release Engineering Team <email>re@FreeBSD.org</email> releases a new major version of FreeBSD about every 18 months and a new minor version about " +"every 8 months, on average. Release dates are announced well in advance, so that the people working on the system know when their projects need to be " +"finished and tested. A testing period precedes each release, to ensure that the addition of new features does not compromise the stability of the " +"release. Many users regard this caution as one of the best things about FreeBSD, even though waiting for all the latest goodies to reach <emphasis>-" "STABLE</emphasis> can be a little frustrating." msgstr "" -"一般而言，Release Engineering Team <email>re@FreeBSD.org</email> 約每18個月發" -"行一次主要發行版本，約平均每8個月發行一次次要發行版本。每次新版本的發表時程都" -"會事先公告， 相關的開發人員就會知道，什麼時候該先把手邊的計劃完成並且測試" -"過， 此外，這些更動都已經完整地測試過，確保新功能不會影響系統的穩定度。 雖" -"然，等這些好東西進入<emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> 的時間令人等得有些不耐煩， " -"但是大多數的使用者都認為這種謹慎的態度是 FreeBSD 最好的優點之一。" +"一般而言，Release Engineering Team <email>re@FreeBSD.org</email> 約每18個月發行一次主要發行版本，約平均每8個月發行一次次要發行版本。每次新版本的發表時程" +"都會事先公告， 相關的開發人員就會知道，什麼時候該先把手邊的計劃完成並且測試過， 此外，這些更動都已經完整地測試過，確保新功能不會影響系統的穩定度。 雖" +"然，等這些好東西進入<emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> 的時間令人等得有些不耐煩， 但是大多數的使用者都認為這種謹慎的態度是 FreeBSD 最好的優點之一。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:551 msgid "" -"More information on the release engineering process (including a schedule of " -"upcoming releases) can be found on the <link xlink:href=\"https://www." -"FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html\">release engineering</link> pages on the " -"FreeBSD Web site." +"More information on the release engineering process (including a schedule of upcoming releases) can be found on the <link xlink:href=\"https://www." +"FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html\">release engineering</link> pages on the FreeBSD Web site." msgstr "" -"有關發行情報的更多細節部分(包括 release 的行程表、進度)，都可在 FreeBSD 網站" -"上的 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html\">發行情報" +"有關發行情報的更多細節部分(包括 release 的行程表、進度)，都可在 FreeBSD 網站上的 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html\">發行情報" "</link> 上面獲得。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:556 -msgid "" -"For people who need or want a little more excitement, binary snapshots are " -"made weekly as discussed above." -msgstr "" -"為了滿足那些需要 (或想要) 新鮮刺激感的使用者， 上面已經提到我們每周都會發行 " -"snapshots 版可供使用。" +msgid "For people who need or want a little more excitement, binary snapshots are made weekly as discussed above." +msgstr "為了滿足那些需要 (或想要) 新鮮刺激感的使用者， 上面已經提到我們每周都會發行 snapshots 版可供使用。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:564 @@ -885,30 +655,21 @@ msgstr "誰負責 FreeBSD 的發展？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:568 msgid "" -"The key decisions concerning the FreeBSD project, such as the overall " -"direction of the project and who is allowed to add code to the source tree, " -"are made by a <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/administration.html#t-core" -"\">core team</link> of 9 people. There is a much larger team of more than " -"350 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/" -"contributors/article.html#staff-committers\">committers</link> who are " -"authorized to make changes directly to the FreeBSD source tree." +"The key decisions concerning the FreeBSD project, such as the overall direction of the project and who is allowed to add code to the source tree, are " +"made by a <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/administration.html#t-core\">core team</link> of 9 people. There is a much larger team of more than 350 " +"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/article.html#staff-committers\">committers</link> who are authorized to " +"make changes directly to the FreeBSD source tree." msgstr "" -"如果是一些有關 FreeBSD 計畫的關鍵性決定，像是整個計畫的走向 或是決定誰可以改 " -"source tree 裡的程式碼這類的事，是由一個由 9 個 人所組成的 <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/administration.html#t-core\">core team</link> 來決定。而" -"有另一群超過 350 個人的 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." -"ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/article.html#staff-committers\">committers</" -"link> 有權利可以直接修改 FreeBSD 的 source tree。" +"如果是一些有關 FreeBSD 計畫的關鍵性決定，像是整個計畫的走向 或是決定誰可以改 source tree 裡的程式碼這類的事，是由一個由 9 個 人所組成的 <link xlink:" +"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/administration.html#t-core\">core team</link> 來決定。而有另一群超過 350 個人的 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/article.html#staff-committers\">committers</link> 有權利可以直接修改 FreeBSD 的 source tree。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:576 msgid "" -"However, most non-trivial changes are discussed in advance in the <link " -"linkend=\"mailing\">mailing lists</link>, and there are no restrictions on " -"who may take part in the discussion." -msgstr "" -"無論如何，大多數的改變都會事前在 <link linkend=\"mailing\">郵件論壇</link>先" -"討論過，而且不分角色，每個人都可以參與討論。" +"However, most non-trivial changes are discussed in advance in the <link linkend=\"mailing\">mailing lists</link>, and there are no restrictions on who " +"may take part in the discussion." +msgstr "無論如何，大多數的改變都會事前在 <link linkend=\"mailing\">郵件論壇</link>先討論過，而且不分角色，每個人都可以參與討論。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:585 @@ -919,59 +680,47 @@ msgstr "我要如何取得 FreeBSD？" #: book.translate.xml:589 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Every significant release of FreeBSD is available via anonymous FTP from the " -"<link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/\">FreeBSD FTP site</" +"Every significant release of FreeBSD is available via anonymous FTP from the <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/\">FreeBSD FTP site</" "link>:" -msgstr "" -"每個 FreeBSD 的重要版本都可以經由匿名 FTP 從 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp." -"FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/\"> FreeBSD FTP 站</link> 取得：" +msgstr "每個 FreeBSD 的重要版本都可以經由匿名 FTP 從 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/\"> FreeBSD FTP 站</link> 取得：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:595 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"The latest <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> release, 11.2-RELEASE can be found " -"in the <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/" -"i386/11.2-RELEASE/\">11.2-RELEASE directory</link>." +"The latest <emphasis>12-STABLE</emphasis> release, 12.0-RELEASE can be found in the <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/" +"i386/12.0-RELEASE/\">12.0-RELEASE directory</link>." msgstr "" -"最新版 <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> , 也就是 11.1-RELEASE 請到 <link xlink:" -"href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/i386/11.1-RELEASE/" +"最新版 <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> , 也就是 11.1-RELEASE 請到 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/i386/11.1-RELEASE/" "\">11.1-RELEASE 這個目錄</link>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:601 msgid "" -"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">Snapshot</link> releases " -"are made monthly for the <link linkend=\"current\">-CURRENT</link> and <link " -"linkend=\"stable\">-STABLE</link> branch, these being of service purely to " -"bleeding-edge testers and developers." +"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">Snapshot</link> releases are made monthly for the <link linkend=\"current\">-CURRENT</link> and <link " +"linkend=\"stable\">-STABLE</link> branch, these being of service purely to bleeding-edge testers and developers." msgstr "" -"<link linkend=\"current\">-CURRENT</link> 和 <link linkend=\"stable\">-" -"STABLE</link> 分支的<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/" -"\">Snapshot</link>版本通常每個月會做一次， 主要是為了提供給那些熱心的測試者和" -"開發人員。" +"<link linkend=\"current\">-CURRENT</link> 和 <link linkend=\"stable\">-STABLE</link> 分支的<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">Snapshot</" +"link>版本通常每個月會做一次， 主要是為了提供給那些熱心的測試者和開發人員。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:608 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"The latest <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> release, 10.4-RELEASE can be found " -"in the <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/" +"The latest <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> release, 10.4-RELEASE can be found in the <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/" "i386/10.4-RELEASE/\">10.4-RELEASE directory</link>." msgstr "" -"最新版 <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> , 也就是10.4-RELEASE 請到 <link xlink:" -"href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/\">10.4-" +"最新版 <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> , 也就是10.4-RELEASE 請到 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/\">10.4-" "RELEASE 這個目錄</link>。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:614 msgid "" -"Information about obtaining FreeBSD on CD, DVD, and other media can be found " -"in <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" +"Information about obtaining FreeBSD on CD, DVD, and other media can be found in <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" "mirrors.html\">the Handbook</link>." msgstr "" -"FreeBSD 的 CD、DVD，還有其他取得方式可以在 <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/mirrors.html\">the " -"Handbook</link> 中找到解答。" +"FreeBSD 的 CD、DVD，還有其他取得方式可以在 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/mirrors.html\">the Handbook</link> 中找到" +"解答。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:622 @@ -981,33 +730,24 @@ msgstr "我要如何去查詢、提交問題回報(Problem Report，簡稱PR)資 #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:626 msgid "" -"The Problem Report database of all user change requests may be queried by " -"using our web-based PR <link xlink:href=\"https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/search/" +"The Problem Report database of all user change requests may be queried by using our web-based PR <link xlink:href=\"https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/search/" "\">query</link> interface." -msgstr "" -"所有使用者的變更要求都可以經由網頁版的 PR <link xlink:href=\"https://bugs." -"FreeBSD.org/search/\">查詢</link> 界面來察看。" +msgstr "所有使用者的變更要求都可以經由網頁版的 PR <link xlink:href=\"https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/search/\">查詢</link> 界面來察看。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:630 msgid "" -"The <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/support/bugreports.html\">web-based " -"problem report submission interface</link> can be used to submit problem " +"The <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/support/bugreports.html\">web-based problem report submission interface</link> can be used to submit problem " "reports through a web browser." -msgstr "" -"可以使用瀏覽器經由<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/support/bugreports." -"html\">網頁版的 PR 界面</link> 來傳送問題回報" +msgstr "可以使用瀏覽器經由<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/support/bugreports.html\">網頁版的 PR 界面</link> 來傳送問題回報" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:634 msgid "" -"Before submitting a problem report, read <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/article.html" -"\">Writing FreeBSD Problem Reports</link>, an article on how to write good " -"problem reports." +"Before submitting a problem report, read <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/article.html\">Writing " +"FreeBSD Problem Reports</link>, an article on how to write good problem reports." msgstr "" -"然而，在您回報問題之前，請先閱讀 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" -"en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/article.html\">如何撰寫 FreeBSD 的問" +"然而，在您回報問題之前，請先閱讀 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/article.html\">如何撰寫 FreeBSD 的問" "題回報單</link>，這是一篇告訴你怎樣才能寫出一篇真正有用的問題回報單。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title @@ -1024,63 +764,44 @@ msgstr "名稱" #: book.translate.xml:652 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"The project produces a wide range of documentation, available online from " -"this link: <uri xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html\">https://www." -"FreeBSD.org/docs.html</uri>. In addition, the <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html" -"\">the bibliography in the Handbook</link> reference other recommended books." +"The project produces a wide range of documentation, available online from this link: <uri xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html\">https://www." +"FreeBSD.org/docs.html</uri>. In addition, the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html\">the " +"bibliography in the Handbook</link> reference other recommended books." msgstr "" -"FreeBSD 文件計畫已陸續發表了相當廣泛範圍的文件，可在 <uri xlink:href=" -"\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html</" -"uri> 取得。除此之外，也請參閱本篇。問與答最後的 <link linkend=\"bibliography" -"\">書目</link>，以及手冊中的 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"FreeBSD 文件計畫已陸續發表了相當廣泛範圍的文件，可在 <uri xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html</uri> 取" +"得。除此之外，也請參閱本篇。問與答最後的 <link linkend=\"bibliography\">書目</link>，以及手冊中的 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." "ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html\">書目</link>" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:662 -msgid "" -"Is the documentation available in other formats, such as plain text (ASCII), " -"or <trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark>?" -msgstr "" -"這些文件有其他格式的嗎？像是：純文字(ASCII)或 <trademark class=\"registered" -"\">PostScript</trademark> 之類的格式？" +msgid "Is the documentation available in other formats, such as plain text (ASCII), or <trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark>?" +msgstr "這些文件有其他格式的嗎？像是：純文字(ASCII)或 <trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark> 之類的格式？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:667 msgid "" -"Yes. The documentation is available in a number of different formats and " -"compression schemes on the FreeBSD FTP site, in the <link xlink:href=" -"\"https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/\">/pub/FreeBSD/doc/</link> directory." +"Yes. The documentation is available in a number of different formats and compression schemes on the FreeBSD FTP site, in the <link xlink:href=\"https://" +"download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/\">/pub/FreeBSD/doc/</link> directory." msgstr "" -"有的。這些文件都分別以不同格式儲存以及壓縮處理並放在 FTP 上面，可以從各個 " -"FreeBSD FTP 站的 <link xlink:href=\"https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/\">/" +"有的。這些文件都分別以不同格式儲存以及壓縮處理並放在 FTP 上面，可以從各個 FreeBSD FTP 站的 <link xlink:href=\"https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/\">/" "pub/FreeBSD/doc/</link> 目錄內找到你要的。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:672 -msgid "" -"The documentation is categorized in a number of different ways. These " -"include:" +msgid "The documentation is categorized in a number of different ways. These include:" msgstr "文件以幾種不同的方式分類。包括：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:677 -msgid "" -"The document's name, such as <literal>faq</literal>, or <literal>handbook</" -"literal>." -msgstr "" -"文件名稱，例如：<literal>faq</literal> (常見問答集)或是 <literal>handbook</" -"literal> (FreeBSD 使用手冊)等等。" +msgid "The document's name, such as <literal>faq</literal>, or <literal>handbook</literal>." +msgstr "文件名稱，例如：<literal>faq</literal> (常見問答集)或是 <literal>handbook</literal> (FreeBSD 使用手冊)等等。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:683 msgid "" -"The document's language and encoding. These are based on the locale names " -"found under <filename>/usr/share/locale</filename> on a FreeBSD system. The " +"The document's language and encoding. These are based on the locale names found under <filename>/usr/share/locale</filename> on a FreeBSD system. The " "current languages and encodings are as follows:" -msgstr "" -"文件的語言與編碼。他們是基於 FreeBSD 系統中 <filename>/usr/share/locale</" -"filename> 裡所見到的語系名稱。目前包含的語言與編碼如下：" +msgstr "文件的語言與編碼。他們是基於 FreeBSD 系統中 <filename>/usr/share/locale</filename> 裡所見到的語系名稱。目前包含的語言與編碼如下：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:693 @@ -1292,18 +1013,13 @@ msgstr "上列的各國翻譯語系文件中，並非所有文件都有翻譯。 #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:827 msgid "" -"The document's format. We produce the documentation in a number of different " -"output formats. Each format has its own advantages and disadvantages. Some " -"formats are better suited for online reading, while others are meant to be " -"aesthetically pleasing when printed on paper. Having the documentation " -"available in any of these formats ensures that our readers will be able to " -"read the parts they are interested in, either on their monitor, or on paper " +"The document's format. We produce the documentation in a number of different output formats. Each format has its own advantages and disadvantages. Some " +"formats are better suited for online reading, while others are meant to be aesthetically pleasing when printed on paper. Having the documentation " +"available in any of these formats ensures that our readers will be able to read the parts they are interested in, either on their monitor, or on paper " "after printing the documents. The currently available formats are:" msgstr "" -"文件的格式。我們的每份文件都提供許多不同的格式，每種格式各有利弊， 有些格式適" -"合線上閱讀，有些則適合列印出美觀的文件。 這些不同格式的文件能夠確保我們的讀者" -"們，無論是在螢幕上閱讀或是列印成紙本，都能夠閱讀他們感興趣的內容，目前有提供" -"的格式如下：" +"文件的格式。我們的每份文件都提供許多不同的格式，每種格式各有利弊， 有些格式適合線上閱讀，有些則適合列印出美觀的文件。 這些不同格式的文件能夠確保我們的讀" +"者們，無論是在螢幕上閱讀或是列印成紙本，都能夠閱讀他們感興趣的內容，目前有提供的格式如下：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:843 @@ -1357,8 +1073,7 @@ msgstr "<literal>rtf</literal>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:879 -msgid "" -"<trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark>'s Rich Text Format" +msgid "<trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark>'s Rich Text Format" msgstr "<trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark> 的 RTF 格式" #. (itstool) path: row/entry @@ -1374,16 +1089,12 @@ msgstr " \t純文字" #. (itstool) path: note/para #: book.translate.xml:892 msgid "" -"Page numbers are not automatically updated when loading Rich Text Format " -"into Word. Press <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>A</" -"keycap></keycombo>, <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</" -"keycap><keycap>End</keycap></keycombo>, <keycap>F9</keycap> after loading " -"the document, to update the page numbers." +"Page numbers are not automatically updated when loading Rich Text Format into Word. Press <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>A</" +"keycap></keycombo>, <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>End</keycap></keycombo>, <keycap>F9</keycap> after loading the document, to " +"update the page numbers." msgstr "" -"當用 Word 讀取 RTF 格式時，頁碼並不會被自動更新。在開啟檔案後按下<keycombo " -"action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo>, " -"<keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>End</keycap></" -"keycombo>, <keycap>F9</keycap> 來更新頁碼。" +"當用 Word 讀取 RTF 格式時，頁碼並不會被自動更新。在開啟檔案後按下<keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo>, " +"<keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>End</keycap></keycombo>, <keycap>F9</keycap> 來更新頁碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:901 @@ -1394,70 +1105,50 @@ msgstr "壓縮和打包方式" #: book.translate.xml:905 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Where the format is <literal>html-split</literal>, the files are bundled up " -"using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>. The resulting <filename>.tar</filename> is then " -"compressed using the compression schemes detailed in the next point." +"Where the format is <literal>html-split</literal>, the files are bundled up using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>. The resulting <filename>.tar</filename> is then compressed using the compression schemes detailed in the next point." msgstr "" -"當採用 <literal>html-split</literal> 格式時，檔案先透過 " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> 工具來進行打包。接著在將產生出來的 <filename>.tar</filename> 檔" -"接透過第二點所述的壓縮方式壓縮。" +"當採用 <literal>html-split</literal> 格式時，檔案先透過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 工具來進" +"行打包。接著在將產生出來的 <filename>.tar</filename> 檔接透過第二點所述的壓縮方式壓縮。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:914 -msgid "" -"All the other formats generate one file. For example, <filename>article.pdf</" -"filename>, <filename>book.html</filename>, and so on." -msgstr "" -"其他的格式都是單一個檔案。例如 <filename>article.pdf</filename>、" -"<filename>book.html</filename> ，以此類推。" +msgid "All the other formats generate one file. For example, <filename>article.pdf</filename>, <filename>book.html</filename>, and so on." +msgstr "其他的格式都是單一個檔案。例如 <filename>article.pdf</filename>、<filename>book.html</filename> ，以此類推。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:919 msgid "" -"These files are then compressed using either the <literal>zip</literal> or " -"<literal>bz2</literal> compression schemes. " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> can be used to uncompress these files." +"These files are then compressed using either the <literal>zip</literal> or <literal>bz2</literal> compression schemes. " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> can be used to uncompress these files." msgstr "" -"這些檔案接著透過 <literal>zip</literal> 或 <literal>bz2</literal> 來壓" -"縮。 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> 工具可用來解壓縮這些檔案。" +"這些檔案接著透過 <literal>zip</literal> 或 <literal>bz2</literal> 來壓縮。 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> 工具可用來解壓縮這些檔案。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:925 msgid "" -"So the <trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark> version of the " -"Handbook, compressed using <literal>bzip2</literal> will be stored in a file " -"called <filename>book.ps.bz2</filename> in the <filename>handbook/</" -"filename> directory." +"So the <trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark> version of the Handbook, compressed using <literal>bzip2</literal> will be stored in a " +"file called <filename>book.ps.bz2</filename> in the <filename>handbook/</filename> directory." msgstr "" -"因此 <trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark> 版本的手冊經過 " -"<literal>bzip2</literal> 壓縮後會存成一個叫做 <filename>book.ps.bz2</" +"因此 <trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark> 版本的手冊經過 <literal>bzip2</literal> 壓縮後會存成一個叫做 <filename>book.ps.bz2</" "filename> 的檔案，並位於 <filename>handbook/</filename> 資料夾。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:935 msgid "" -"After choosing the format and compression mechanism, download the compressed " -"files, uncompress them, and then copy the appropriate documents into place." -msgstr "" -"在選取格式與壓縮方式後，下載壓縮後的檔案並解壓縮，再把文件複製到想要的地方。" +"After choosing the format and compression mechanism, download the compressed files, uncompress them, and then copy the appropriate documents into place." +msgstr "在選取格式與壓縮方式後，下載壓縮後的檔案並解壓縮，再把文件複製到想要的地方。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:940 msgid "" -"For example, the split HTML version of the <acronym>FAQ</acronym>, " -"compressed using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bzip2</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, can be found in " -"<filename>doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html-split.tar.bz2</filename> " -"To download and uncompress that file, type:" +"For example, the split HTML version of the <acronym>FAQ</acronym>, compressed using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bzip2</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>, can be found in <filename>doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html-split.tar.bz2</filename> To download and uncompress that " +"file, type:" msgstr "" -"舉例來說，透過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bzip2</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 壓縮的英文問與答的章節" -"分割 HTML 版本，可以在 <filename>doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html-" -"split.tar.bz2</filename> 中找到。若要下載並解壓縮這個檔案，請輸入" +"舉例來說，透過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bzip2</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 壓縮的英文問與答的章節分割 HTML 版本，可以在 " +"<filename>doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html-split.tar.bz2</filename> 中找到。若要下載並解壓縮這個檔案，請輸入" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen #: book.translate.xml:946 @@ -1472,36 +1163,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:949 msgid "" -"If the file is compressed, <application>tar</application> will automatically " -"detect the appropriate format and decompress it correctly, resulting in a " -"collection of <filename>.html</filename> files. The main one is called " -"<filename>index.html</filename>, which will contain the table of contents, " +"If the file is compressed, <application>tar</application> will automatically detect the appropriate format and decompress it correctly, resulting in a " +"collection of <filename>.html</filename> files. The main one is called <filename>index.html</filename>, which will contain the table of contents, " "introductory material, and links to the other parts of the document." msgstr "" -"如果檔案被壓縮過的話，<application>tar</application> 會自動偵測正確的格式並解" -"壓縮出一堆 <filename>.html</filename> 檔案。主要的檔案是 <filename>index." +"如果檔案被壓縮過的話，<application>tar</application> 會自動偵測正確的格式並解壓縮出一堆 <filename>.html</filename> 檔案。主要的檔案是 <filename>index." "html</filename>，包含了主目錄跟介紹以及連接到文件其他部份的連結。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:962 -msgid "" -"Where do I find info on the FreeBSD mailing lists? What FreeBSD news groups " -"are available?" -msgstr "" -"哪裡有關於 FreeBSD 的郵遞論壇(mailing lists)呢？ 有哪些可以使用的 FreeBSD 新" -"聞群組(news groups)呢?" +msgid "Where do I find info on the FreeBSD mailing lists? What FreeBSD news groups are available?" +msgstr "哪裡有關於 FreeBSD 的郵遞論壇(mailing lists)呢？ 有哪些可以使用的 FreeBSD 新聞群組(news groups)呢?" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:967 msgid "" -"Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" -"handbook/eresources.html#eresources-mail\">Handbook entry on mailing-lists</" -"link> and the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" -"handbook/eresources-news.html\">Handbook entry on newsgroups</link>." +"Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/eresources.html#eresources-mail\">Handbook entry on mailing-lists</" +"link> and the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/eresources-news.html\">Handbook entry on newsgroups</link>." msgstr "" -"請參考FreeBSD 使用手冊上的 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." -"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/eresources.html#eresources-mail\"> 郵件論壇 " -"(mailing-lists)</link> 。" +"請參考FreeBSD 使用手冊上的 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/eresources.html#eresources-mail\"> 郵件論壇 (mailing-" +"lists)</link> 。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:975 @@ -1516,100 +1197,71 @@ msgstr "有的，大部分的 IRC 主機都有 FreeBSD 聊天頻道：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:985 msgid "" -"Channel <literal>#FreeBSDhelp</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://www." -"efnet.org/index.php\">EFNet</link> is a channel dedicated to helping FreeBSD " +"Channel <literal>#FreeBSDhelp</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://www.efnet.org/index.php\">EFNet</link> is a channel dedicated to helping FreeBSD " "users." -msgstr "" -"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.efnet.org/index.php\">EFNet</link> 上的 " -"<literal>#FreeBSDhelp</literal> 頻道專門用來幫助 FreeBSD 使用著" +msgstr "<link xlink:href=\"http://www.efnet.org/index.php\">EFNet</link> 上的 <literal>#FreeBSDhelp</literal> 頻道專門用來幫助 FreeBSD 使用著" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:990 msgid "" -"Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://freenode." -"net/\">Freenode</link> is a general help channel with many users at any " -"time. The conversations have been known to run off-topic for a while, but " -"priority is given to users with FreeBSD questions. Other users can help with " -"the basics, referring to the Handbook whenever possible and providing links " -"for learning more about a particular topic. This is primarily an English " -"speaking channel, though it does have users from all over the world. Non-" -"native English speakers should try to ask the question in English first and " +"Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://freenode.net/\">Freenode</link> is a general help channel with many users at any time. " +"The conversations have been known to run off-topic for a while, but priority is given to users with FreeBSD questions. Other users can help with the " +"basics, referring to the Handbook whenever possible and providing links for learning more about a particular topic. This is primarily an English " +"speaking channel, though it does have users from all over the world. Non-native English speakers should try to ask the question in English first and " "then relocate to <literal>##freebsd-lang</literal> as appropriate." msgstr "" -"<link xlink:href=\"http://freenode.net/\">Freenode</link> 上的 " -"<literal>#FreeBSD</literal> 頻道是一個有許多使用者的一般求助頻道。這個頻道時" -"常聊一些題外話，但主要還是讓使用者問 FreeBSD 相關問題的地方。其他使用者可以協" -"助解答一些基本的問題，並請盡量提供使用手冊的參考或是提供連結來提供更深入的資" -"訊。雖然這個頻道有來自世界各地的使用者，但這是一個英文為主的頻道。非母語人士" -"應該以英文提問，並在必要的時候移駕到 <literal>##freebsd-lang</literal> 頻道。" +"<link xlink:href=\"http://freenode.net/\">Freenode</link> 上的 <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> 頻道是一個有許多使用者的一般求助頻道。這個頻道時常聊一些題外" +"話，但主要還是讓使用者問 FreeBSD 相關問題的地方。其他使用者可以協助解答一些基本的問題，並請盡量提供使用手冊的參考或是提供連結來提供更深入的資訊。雖然這" +"個頻道有來自世界各地的使用者，但這是一個英文為主的頻道。非母語人士應該以英文提問，並在必要的時候移駕到 <literal>##freebsd-lang</literal> 頻道。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:1006 msgid "" -"Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://www.dal.net/" -"\">DALNET</link> is available at <systemitem>irc.dal.net</systemitem> in the " -"US and <systemitem>irc.eu.dal.net</systemitem> in Europe." +"Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://www.dal.net/\">DALNET</link> is available at <systemitem>irc.dal.net</systemitem> in " +"the US and <systemitem>irc.eu.dal.net</systemitem> in Europe." msgstr "" -"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.dal.net/\">DALNET</link> 的<literal>#FreeBSD</" -"literal> 頻道，可由 <systemitem>irc.dal.net</systemitem> （位於美國）及" +"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.dal.net/\">DALNET</link> 的<literal>#FreeBSD</literal> 頻道，可由 <systemitem>irc.dal.net</systemitem> （位於美國）及" "<systemitem>irc.eu.dal.net</systemitem> （位於歐洲）進入。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:1013 msgid "" -"Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://www." -"undernet.org/\">UNDERNET</link> is available at <systemitem>us.undernet.org</" -"systemitem> in the US and <systemitem>eu.undernet.org</systemitem> in " -"Europe. Since it is a help channel, be prepared to read the documents you " -"are referred to." +"Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://www.undernet.org/\">UNDERNET</link> is available at <systemitem>us.undernet.org</" +"systemitem> in the US and <systemitem>eu.undernet.org</systemitem> in Europe. Since it is a help channel, be prepared to read the documents you are " +"referred to." msgstr "" -"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.undernet.org/\">UNDERNET</link> 上的 " -"<literal>#FreeBSD</literal> 頻道可由 <systemitem>us.undernet.org</" -"systemitem>（位於美國）及 <systemitem>eu.undernet.org</systemitem> （位於歐" -"洲）進入。由於這是個輔助新手用的頻道， 請記得閱讀別人向你提及的連結或檔案。" +"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.undernet.org/\">UNDERNET</link> 上的 <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> 頻道可由 <systemitem>us.undernet.org</systemitem>（位於美" +"國）及 <systemitem>eu.undernet.org</systemitem> （位於歐洲）進入。由於這是個輔助新手用的頻道， 請記得閱讀別人向你提及的連結或檔案。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:1022 msgid "" -"Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://www.rusnet." -"org.ru/\">RUSNET</link> is a Russian language channel dedicated to helping " +"Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://www.rusnet.org.ru/\">RUSNET</link> is a Russian language channel dedicated to helping " "FreeBSD users. This is also good place for non-technical discussions." msgstr "" -"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.rusnet.org.ru/\">RUSNET</link> 上的 " -"<literal>#FreeBSD</literal> 頻道是俄語國家的 FreeBSD 使用者頻道。 這裡同時也" -"是一般交流的討論好去處。" +"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.rusnet.org.ru/\">RUSNET</link> 上的 <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> 頻道是俄語國家的 FreeBSD 使用者頻道。 這裡同時也是一般交流" +"的討論好去處。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:1029 msgid "" -"Channel <literal>#bsdchat</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://freenode." -"net/\">Freenode</link> is a Traditional Chinese (UTF-8 encoding) language " -"channel dedicated to helping FreeBSD users. This is also good place for non-" -"technical discussions." +"Channel <literal>#bsdchat</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://freenode.net/\">Freenode</link> is a Traditional Chinese (UTF-8 encoding) language " +"channel dedicated to helping FreeBSD users. This is also good place for non-technical discussions." msgstr "" -"<link xlink:href=\"http://freenode.net/\">Freenode</link> 上的 " -"<literal>#bsdchat</literal> 頻道是一個正體中文（UTF-8 編碼）頻道專門用來幫助 " -"FreeBSD 使用著。這裡也歡迎一般非技術的交流討論。" +"<link xlink:href=\"http://freenode.net/\">Freenode</link> 上的 <literal>#bsdchat</literal> 頻道是一個正體中文（UTF-8 編碼）頻道專門用來幫助 FreeBSD 使用" +"著。這裡也歡迎一般非技術的交流討論。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1037 #, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The FreeBSD wiki has a <link xlink:href=\"https://wiki.freebsd.org/IRC/" -"Channels\">good list</link> of IRC channels." -msgstr "" -"FreeBSD 的維基百科有一份 IRC 頻道的 <link xlink:href=\"http://wiki.freebsd." -"org/IrcChannels\">完整清單</link>。" +msgid "The FreeBSD wiki has a <link xlink:href=\"https://wiki.freebsd.org/IRC/Channels\">good list</link> of IRC channels." +msgstr "FreeBSD 的維基百科有一份 IRC 頻道的 <link xlink:href=\"http://wiki.freebsd.org/IrcChannels\">完整清單</link>。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1040 msgid "" -"Each of these channels are distinct and are not connected to each other. " -"Since their chat styles differ, try each to find one suited to your chat " -"style." -msgstr "" -"每個頻道都是不同且互相獨立的。因為他們的聊天風格不同，您可以每個都試試看來找" -"到適合您的頻道。" +"Each of these channels are distinct and are not connected to each other. Since their chat styles differ, try each to find one suited to your chat style." +msgstr "每個頻道都是不同且互相獨立的。因為他們的聊天風格不同，您可以每個都試試看來找到適合您的頻道。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:1049 @@ -1618,12 +1270,8 @@ msgstr "有沒有任何網頁形式的 FreeBSD 論壇呢？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1052 -msgid "" -"The official FreeBSD forums are located at <link xlink:href=\"https://forums." -"FreeBSD.org/\">https://forums.FreeBSD.org/</link>." -msgstr "" -"官方的 FreeBSD 論壇位於 <link xlink:href=\"https://forums.FreeBSD.org/" -"\">https://forums.FreeBSD.org/</link>。" +msgid "The official FreeBSD forums are located at <link xlink:href=\"https://forums.FreeBSD.org/\">https://forums.FreeBSD.org/</link>." +msgstr "官方的 FreeBSD 論壇位於 <link xlink:href=\"https://forums.FreeBSD.org/\">https://forums.FreeBSD.org/</link>。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:1058 @@ -1633,35 +1281,26 @@ msgstr "可以從哪邊獲得商業化的 FreeBSD 的教育課程及技術支援 #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1063 msgid "" -"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.ixsystems.com\">iXsystems, Inc.</link>, parent " -"company of the <link xlink:href=\"http://www.freebsdmall.com/\">FreeBSD " -"Mall</link>, provides commercial FreeBSD and TrueOS software <link xlink:" -"href=\"http://www.ixsystems.com/support\">support</link>, in addition to " +"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.ixsystems.com\">iXsystems, Inc.</link>, parent company of the <link xlink:href=\"http://www.freebsdmall.com/\">FreeBSD " +"Mall</link>, provides commercial FreeBSD and TrueOS software <link xlink:href=\"http://www.ixsystems.com/support\">support</link>, in addition to " "FreeBSD development and tuning solutions." msgstr "" -"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.ixsystems.com\">iXsystems, Inc.</link>， <link " -"xlink:href=\"http://www.freebsdmall.com/\">FreeBSD 商城</link>的母公司，提供 " -"FreeBSD 開發與調校解決方案與 FreeBSD 與 TrueOS 的軟體 <link xlink:href=" -"\"http://www.ixsystems.com/support\">支援</link>。" +"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.ixsystems.com\">iXsystems, Inc.</link>， <link xlink:href=\"http://www.freebsdmall.com/\">FreeBSD 商城</link>的母公司，提" +"供 FreeBSD 開發與調校解決方案與 FreeBSD 與 TrueOS 的軟體 <link xlink:href=\"http://www.ixsystems.com/support\">支援</link>。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1070 msgid "" -"BSD Certification Group, Inc. provides system administration certifications " -"for DragonFly BSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD. Refer to <link xlink:href=" +"BSD Certification Group, Inc. provides system administration certifications for DragonFly BSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD. Refer to <link xlink:href=" "\"http://www.BSDCertification.org\">their site</link> for more information." msgstr "" -"BSD Certification Group, Inc. 提供 DragonFly BSD、FreeBSD、NetBSD 與 OpenBSD " -"的系統管理認證。請參閱 <link xlink:href=\"http://www.BSDCertification.org\">" -"他們的網站</link> 來獲得更多資訊。" +"BSD Certification Group, Inc. 提供 DragonFly BSD、FreeBSD、NetBSD 與 OpenBSD 的系統管理認證。請參閱 <link xlink:href=\"http://www.BSDCertification.org" +"\">他們的網站</link> 來獲得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1075 -msgid "" -"Any other organizations providing training and support should contact the " -"Project to be listed here." -msgstr "" -"如果有其他組織提供技術訓練或技術支援，請聯絡 FreeBSD 計畫來加入以上清單。" +msgid "Any other organizations providing training and support should contact the Project to be listed here." +msgstr "如果有其他組織提供技術訓練或技術支援，請聯絡 FreeBSD 計畫來加入以上清單。" #. (itstool) path: info/title #: book.translate.xml:1084 @@ -1682,26 +1321,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/author #: book.translate.xml:1086 -msgid "" -"<personname> <firstname>Nik</firstname> <surname>Clayton</surname> </" -"personname> <affiliation> <_:address-1/> </affiliation>" +msgid "<personname> <firstname>Nik</firstname> <surname>Clayton</surname> </personname> <affiliation> <_:address-1/> </affiliation>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:1103 msgid "" -"Which platform should I download? I have a 64 bit capable <trademark class=" -"\"registered\">Intel</trademark> CPU, but I only see <literal>amd64</" +"Which platform should I download? I have a 64 bit capable <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> CPU, but I only see <literal>amd64</" "literal>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1109 msgid "" -"amd64 is the term FreeBSD uses for 64-bit compatible x86 architectures (also " -"known as \"x86-64\" or \"x64\"). Most modern computers should use amd64. " -"Older hardware should use i386. When installing on a non-x86-compatible " -"architecture, select the platform which best matches the hardware." +"amd64 is the term FreeBSD uses for 64-bit compatible x86 architectures (also known as \"x86-64\" or \"x64\"). Most modern computers should use amd64. " +"Older hardware should use i386. When installing on a non-x86-compatible architecture, select the platform which best matches the hardware." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -1712,9 +1346,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1124 msgid "" -"On the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/where.html\">Getting " -"FreeBSD</link> page, select <literal>[iso]</literal> next to the " -"architecture that matches the hardware." +"On the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/where.html\">Getting FreeBSD</link> page, select <literal>[iso]</literal> next to the architecture " +"that matches the hardware." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -1769,18 +1402,14 @@ msgstr "<filename>bootonly.iso</filename>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:1160 -msgid "" -"A minimal image that requires network access during installation to " -"completely install FreeBSD." +msgid "A minimal image that requires network access during installation to completely install FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1168 msgid "" -"Full instructions on this procedure and a little bit more about installation " -"issues in general can be found in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" -"doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall.html\">Handbook entry on " -"installing FreeBSD</link>." +"Full instructions on this procedure and a little bit more about installation issues in general can be found in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" +"doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall.html\">Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -1790,27 +1419,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1182 -msgid "" -"This can be caused by not downloading the image in <emphasis>binary</" -"emphasis> mode when using <acronym>FTP</acronym>." +msgid "This can be caused by not downloading the image in <emphasis>binary</emphasis> mode when using <acronym>FTP</acronym>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1186 msgid "" -"Some FTP clients default their transfer mode to <emphasis>ascii</emphasis> " -"and attempt to change any end-of-line characters received to match the " -"conventions used by the client's system. This will almost invariably corrupt " -"the boot image. Check the SHA-256 checksum of the downloaded boot image: if " -"it is not <emphasis>exactly</emphasis> that on the server, then the download " -"process is suspect." +"Some FTP clients default their transfer mode to <emphasis>ascii</emphasis> and attempt to change any end-of-line characters received to match the " +"conventions used by the client's system. This will almost invariably corrupt the boot image. Check the SHA-256 checksum of the downloaded boot image: " +"if it is not <emphasis>exactly</emphasis> that on the server, then the download process is suspect." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1195 msgid "" -"When using a command line FTP client, type <emphasis>binary</emphasis> at " -"the FTP command prompt after getting connected to the server and before " +"When using a command line FTP client, type <emphasis>binary</emphasis> at the FTP command prompt after getting connected to the server and before " "starting the download of the image." msgstr "" @@ -1822,9 +1445,8 @@ msgstr "可以在哪邊找到安裝 FreeBSD 的解說步驟呢？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1208 msgid "" -"Installation instructions can be found at <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall.html" -"\">Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD</link>." +"Installation instructions can be found at <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall.html\">Handbook entry on " +"installing FreeBSD</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -1834,9 +1456,7 @@ msgstr "要跑 FreeBSD 至少需要什麼樣的配備呢？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1220 -msgid "" -"FreeBSD requires a 486 or better PC, 64 MB or more of RAM, and at least 1.1 " -"GB of hard disk space." +msgid "FreeBSD requires a 486 or better PC, 64 MB or more of RAM, and at least 1.1 GB of hard disk space." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -1847,43 +1467,33 @@ msgstr "要怎樣才能自行打造專用的安裝磁片呢？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1233 msgid "" -"Customized FreeBSD installation media can be created by building a custom " -"release. Follow the instructions in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" -"doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/article.html\">Release Engineering</" -"link> article." +"Customized FreeBSD installation media can be created by building a custom release. Follow the instructions in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" +"doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/article.html\">Release Engineering</link> article." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:1242 -msgid "" -"Can <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> co-exist with " -"FreeBSD?" -msgstr "" -"<trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> 可以與 FreeBSD 共存嗎？" +msgid "Can <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> co-exist with FreeBSD?" +msgstr "<trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> 可以與 FreeBSD 共存嗎？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1246 msgid "" -"If <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> is installed first, " -"then yes. FreeBSD's boot manager will then manage to boot <trademark class=" -"\"registered\">Windows</trademark> and FreeBSD. If <trademark class=" -"\"registered\">Windows</trademark> is installed afterwards, it will " -"overwrite the boot manager. If that happens, see the next section." +"If <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> is installed first, then yes. FreeBSD's boot manager will then manage to boot <trademark class=" +"\"registered\">Windows</trademark> and FreeBSD. If <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> is installed afterwards, it will overwrite the " +"boot manager. If that happens, see the next section." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:1256 -msgid "" -"Another operating system destroyed my Boot Manager. How do I get it back?" +msgid "Another operating system destroyed my Boot Manager. How do I get it back?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1261 msgid "" -"This depends upon the boot manager. The FreeBSD boot selection menu can be " -"reinstalled using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>boot0cfg</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For example, to " -"restore the boot menu onto the disk <replaceable>ada0</replaceable>:" +"This depends upon the boot manager. The FreeBSD boot selection menu can be reinstalled using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>boot0cfg</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For example, to restore the boot menu onto the disk <replaceable>ada0</replaceable>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -1895,9 +1505,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1268 msgid "" -"The non-interactive MBR bootloader can be installed using " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>:" +"The non-interactive MBR bootloader can be installed using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -1908,10 +1516,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1273 -msgid "" -"For more complex situations, including GPT disks, see " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>." +msgid "For more complex situations, including GPT disks, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -1922,10 +1527,8 @@ msgstr "我需要安裝完整的原始碼嗎？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1284 msgid "" -"In general, no. There is nothing in the base system which requires the " -"presence of the source to operate. Some ports, like <package>sysutils/lsof</" -"package>, will not build unless the source is installed. In particular, if " -"the port builds a kernel module or directly operates on kernel structures, " +"In general, no. There is nothing in the base system which requires the presence of the source to operate. Some ports, like <package>sysutils/lsof</" +"package>, will not build unless the source is installed. In particular, if the port builds a kernel module or directly operates on kernel structures, " "the source must be installed." msgstr "" @@ -1937,35 +1540,25 @@ msgstr "需要重新 build kernel 嗎？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1299 msgid "" -"Usually not. The supplied <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel contains the " -"drivers an ordinary computer will need. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>freebsd-" -"update</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, the FreeBSD " -"binary upgrade tool, cannot upgrade custom kernels, another reason to stick " -"with the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel when possible. For computers with " -"very limited RAM, such as embedded systems, it may be worthwhile to build a " -"smaller custom kernel containing just the required drivers." +"Usually not. The supplied <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel contains the drivers an ordinary computer will need. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>freebsd-" +"update</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, the FreeBSD binary upgrade tool, cannot upgrade custom kernels, another reason to stick " +"with the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel when possible. For computers with very limited RAM, such as embedded systems, it may be worthwhile to build " +"a smaller custom kernel containing just the required drivers." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:1312 -msgid "" -"Should I use DES, Blowfish, or MD5 passwords and how do I specify which form " -"my users receive?" +msgid "Should I use DES, Blowfish, or MD5 passwords and how do I specify which form my users receive?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1317 msgid "" -"FreeBSD uses <emphasis>SHA512</emphasis> by default. DES passwords are still " -"available for backwards compatibility with operating systems that still use " -"the less secure password format. FreeBSD also supports the Blowfish and MD5 " -"password formats. Which password format to use for new passwords is " -"controlled by the <literal>passwd_format</literal> login capability in " -"<filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>, which takes values of <literal>des</" -"literal>, <literal>blf</literal> (if these are available) or <literal>md5</" -"literal>. See the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.conf</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for more " -"information about login capabilities." +"FreeBSD uses <emphasis>SHA512</emphasis> by default. DES passwords are still available for backwards compatibility with operating systems that still " +"use the less secure password format. FreeBSD also supports the Blowfish and MD5 password formats. Which password format to use for new passwords is " +"controlled by the <literal>passwd_format</literal> login capability in <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>, which takes values of <literal>des</" +"literal>, <literal>blf</literal> (if these are available) or <literal>md5</literal>. See the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.conf</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for more information about login capabilities." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -1976,58 +1569,44 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1340 msgid "" -"For FFS file systems, the largest file system is practically limited by the " -"amount of memory required to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> the file system. " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> requires one bit per fragment, which with the default fragment " -"size of 4 KB equates to 32 MB of memory per TB of disk. This does mean that " -"on architectures which limit userland processes to 2 GB (e.g., " -"<trademark>i386</trademark>), the maximum <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>'able filesystem is " -"~60 TB." +"For FFS file systems, the largest file system is practically limited by the amount of memory required to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> the file system. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> requires one bit per fragment, which with the default fragment size of 4 KB equates to 32 MB of memory per TB of disk. This does mean " +"that on architectures which limit userland processes to 2 GB (e.g., <trademark>i386</trademark>), the maximum <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>'able filesystem is ~60 TB." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1349 msgid "" -"If there was not a <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> memory limit the " -"maximum filesystem size would be 2 ^ 64 (blocks) * 32 KB => 16 Exa * " -"32 KB => 512 ZettaBytes." +"If there was not a <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> memory limit the maximum filesystem size " +"would be 2 ^ 64 (blocks) * 32 KB => 16 Exa * 32 KB => 512 ZettaBytes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1354 msgid "" -"The maximum size of a single FFS file is approximately 2 PB with the default " -"block size of 32 KB. Each 32 KB block can point to 4096 blocks. With triple " -"indirect blocks, the calculation is 32 KB * 12 + 32 KB * 4096 + 32 KB * " -"4096^2 + 32 KB * 4096^3. Increasing the block size to 64 KB will increase " -"the max file size by a factor of 16." +"The maximum size of a single FFS file is approximately 2 PB with the default block size of 32 KB. Each 32 KB block can point to 4096 blocks. With " +"triple indirect blocks, the calculation is 32 KB * 12 + 32 KB * 4096 + 32 KB * 4096^2 + 32 KB * 4096^3. Increasing the block size to 64 KB will " +"increase the max file size by a factor of 16." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:1366 -msgid "" -"Why do I get an error message, <errorname>readin failed</errorname> after " -"compiling and booting a new kernel?" +msgid "Why do I get an error message, <errorname>readin failed</errorname> after compiling and booting a new kernel?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1372 msgid "" -"The world and kernel are out of sync. This is not supported. Be sure to use " -"<command>make buildworld</command> and <command>make buildkernel</command> " +"The world and kernel are out of sync. This is not supported. Be sure to use <command>make buildworld</command> and <command>make buildkernel</command> " "to update the kernel." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1377 msgid "" -"Boot the system by specifying the kernel directly at the second stage, " -"pressing any key when the <literal>|</literal> shows up before loader is " -"started." +"Boot the system by specifying the kernel directly at the second stage, pressing any key when the <literal>|</literal> shows up before loader is started." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -2037,9 +1616,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1391 -msgid "" -"Yes. <application>bsdconfig</application> provides a nice interface to " -"configure FreeBSD post-installation." +msgid "Yes. <application>bsdconfig</application> provides a nice interface to configure FreeBSD post-installation." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title @@ -2054,101 +1631,72 @@ msgstr "一般問題" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:1407 -msgid "" -"I want to get a piece of hardware for my FreeBSD system. Which model/brand/" -"type is best?" +msgid "I want to get a piece of hardware for my FreeBSD system. Which model/brand/type is best?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1412 msgid "" -"This is discussed continually on the FreeBSD mailing lists but is to be " -"expected since hardware changes so quickly. Read through the Hardware Notes " -"for FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/11.2R/" -"hardware.html\">11.2</link> or <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/" -"releases/10.4R/hardware.html\">10.4</link> and search the mailing list <link " -"xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/search/#mailinglists\">archives</link> " -"before asking about the latest and greatest hardware. Chances are a " -"discussion about that type of hardware took place just last week." +"This is discussed continually on the FreeBSD mailing lists but is to be expected since hardware changes so quickly. Read through the Hardware Notes for " +"FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/12.0R/hardware.html\">12.0</link> or <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/" +"releases/10.4R/hardware.html\">10.4</link> and search the mailing list <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/search/#mailinglists\">archives</" +"link> before asking about the latest and greatest hardware. Chances are a discussion about that type of hardware took place just last week." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1422 msgid "" -"Before purchasing a laptop, check the archives for <link xlink:href=\"http://" -"lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-mobile\">FreeBSD laptop computer " -"mailing list</link> and <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/" -"listinfo/freebsd-questions\">FreeBSD general questions mailing list</link>, " -"or possibly a specific mailing list for a particular hardware type." +"Before purchasing a laptop, check the archives for <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-mobile\">FreeBSD laptop " +"computer mailing list</link> and <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions\">FreeBSD general questions mailing " +"list</link>, or possibly a specific mailing list for a particular hardware type." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:1430 -msgid "" -"What are the limits for memory? Does FreeBSD support more than 4 GB of " -"memory (RAM)? More than 16 GB? More than 48 GB?" +msgid "What are the limits for memory? Does FreeBSD support more than 4 GB of memory (RAM)? More than 16 GB? More than 48 GB?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1437 msgid "" -"FreeBSD as an operating system generally supports as much physical memory " -"(RAM) as the platform it is running on does. Keep in mind that different " -"platforms have different limits for memory; for example <trademark>i386</" -"trademark> without <acronym>PAE</acronym> supports at most 4 GB of memory " -"(and usually less than that because of PCI address space) and " -"<trademark>i386</trademark> with PAE supports at most 64 GB memory. As of " -"FreeBSD 10, AMD64 platforms support up to 4 TB of physical memory." +"FreeBSD as an operating system generally supports as much physical memory (RAM) as the platform it is running on does. Keep in mind that different " +"platforms have different limits for memory; for example <trademark>i386</trademark> without <acronym>PAE</acronym> supports at most 4 GB of memory (and " +"usually less than that because of PCI address space) and <trademark>i386</trademark> with PAE supports at most 64 GB memory. As of FreeBSD 10, AMD64 " +"platforms support up to 4 TB of physical memory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:1452 -msgid "" -"Why does FreeBSD report less than 4 GB memory when installed on an " -"<trademark>i386</trademark> machine?" +msgid "Why does FreeBSD report less than 4 GB memory when installed on an <trademark>i386</trademark> machine?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1457 msgid "" -"The total address space on <trademark>i386</trademark> machines is 32-bit, " -"meaning that at most 4 GB of memory is addressable (can be accessed). " -"Furthermore, some addresses in this range are reserved by hardware for " -"different purposes, for example for using and controlling PCI devices, for " -"accessing video memory, and so on. Therefore, the total amount of memory " -"usable by the operating system for its kernel and applications is limited to " -"significantly less than 4 GB. Usually, 3.2 GB to 3.7 GB is the maximum " -"usable physical memory in this configuration." +"The total address space on <trademark>i386</trademark> machines is 32-bit, meaning that at most 4 GB of memory is addressable (can be accessed). " +"Furthermore, some addresses in this range are reserved by hardware for different purposes, for example for using and controlling PCI devices, for " +"accessing video memory, and so on. Therefore, the total amount of memory usable by the operating system for its kernel and applications is limited to " +"significantly less than 4 GB. Usually, 3.2 GB to 3.7 GB is the maximum usable physical memory in this configuration." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1469 msgid "" -"To access more than 3.2 GB to 3.7 GB of installed memory (meaning up to 4 GB " -"but also more than 4 GB), a special tweak called <acronym>PAE</acronym> must " -"be used. PAE stands for Physical Address Extension and is a way for 32-bit " -"x86 CPUs to address more than 4 GB of memory. It remaps the memory that " -"would otherwise be overlaid by address reservations for hardware devices " -"above the 4 GB range and uses it as additional physical memory (see " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pae</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>). Using PAE has some drawbacks; this mode of memory access is " -"a little bit slower than the normal (without PAE) mode and loadable modules " -"(see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kld</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>) are not supported. This means all drivers must be " -"compiled into the kernel." +"To access more than 3.2 GB to 3.7 GB of installed memory (meaning up to 4 GB but also more than 4 GB), a special tweak called <acronym>PAE</acronym> " +"must be used. PAE stands for Physical Address Extension and is a way for 32-bit x86 CPUs to address more than 4 GB of memory. It remaps the memory that " +"would otherwise be overlaid by address reservations for hardware devices above the 4 GB range and uses it as additional physical memory (see " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pae</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>). Using PAE has some drawbacks; this mode of memory access is a " +"little bit slower than the normal (without PAE) mode and loadable modules (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kld</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>) are not supported. This means all drivers must be compiled into the kernel." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1484 msgid "" -"The most common way to enable PAE is to build a new kernel with the special " -"ready-provided kernel configuration file called <filename>PAE</filename>, " -"which is already configured to build a safe kernel. Note that some entries " -"in this kernel configuration file are too conservative and some drivers " -"marked as unready to be used with PAE are actually usable. A rule of thumb " -"is that if the driver is usable on 64-bit architectures (like AMD64), it is " -"also usable with PAE. When creating a custom kernel configuration file, PAE " -"can be enabled by adding the following line:" +"The most common way to enable PAE is to build a new kernel with the special ready-provided kernel configuration file called <filename>PAE</filename>, " +"which is already configured to build a safe kernel. Note that some entries in this kernel configuration file are too conservative and some drivers " +"marked as unready to be used with PAE are actually usable. A rule of thumb is that if the driver is usable on 64-bit architectures (like AMD64), it is " +"also usable with PAE. When creating a custom kernel configuration file, PAE can be enabled by adding the following line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -2160,12 +1708,9 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1499 msgid "" -"PAE is not much used nowadays because most new x86 hardware also supports " -"running in 64-bit mode, known as AMD64 or <trademark class=\"registered" -"\">Intel</trademark> 64. It has a much larger address space and does not " -"need such tweaks. FreeBSD supports AMD64 and it is recommended that this " -"version of FreeBSD be used instead of the <trademark>i386</trademark> " -"version if 4 GB or more memory is required." +"PAE is not much used nowadays because most new x86 hardware also supports running in 64-bit mode, known as AMD64 or <trademark class=\"registered" +"\">Intel</trademark> 64. It has a much larger address space and does not need such tweaks. FreeBSD supports AMD64 and it is recommended that this " +"version of FreeBSD be used instead of the <trademark>i386</trademark> version if 4 GB or more memory is required." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title @@ -2181,18 +1726,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1522 msgid "" -"Yes. FreeBSD divides support into multiple tiers. Tier 1 architectures, such " -"as i386 or amd64; are fully supported. Tiers 2 and 3 are supported on a best-" -"effort basis. A full explanation of the tier system is available in the " -"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-" -"guide/archs.html\">Committer's Guide.</link>" +"Yes. FreeBSD divides support into multiple tiers. Tier 1 architectures, such as i386 or amd64; are fully supported. Tiers 2 and 3 are supported on a " +"best-effort basis. A full explanation of the tier system is available in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/" +"committers-guide/archs.html\">Committer's Guide.</link>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1529 -msgid "" -"A complete list of supported architectures can be found on the <link xlink:" -"href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/\">platforms page.</link>" +msgid "A complete list of supported architectures can be found on the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/\">platforms page.</link>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -2203,33 +1744,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1542 msgid "" -"FreeBSD supports symmetric multi-processor (SMP) on all non-embedded " -"platforms (e.g, i386, amd64, etc.). SMP is also supported in arm and MIPS " -"kernels, although some CPUs may not support this. FreeBSD's SMP " -"implementation uses fine-grained locking, and performance scales nearly " -"linearly with number of CPUs." +"FreeBSD supports symmetric multi-processor (SMP) on all non-embedded platforms (e.g, i386, amd64, etc.). SMP is also supported in arm and MIPS kernels, " +"although some CPUs may not support this. FreeBSD's SMP implementation uses fine-grained locking, and performance scales nearly linearly with number of " +"CPUs." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1550 -msgid "" -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>smp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> has more details." +msgid "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>smp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> has more details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:1556 -msgid "" -"What is microcode? How do I install <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</" -"trademark> CPU microcode updates?" +msgid "What is microcode? How do I install <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> CPU microcode updates?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1561 msgid "" -"Microcode is a method of programmatically implementing hardware level " -"instructions. This allows for CPU bugs to be fixed without replacing the on " -"board chip." +"Microcode is a method of programmatically implementing hardware level instructions. This allows for CPU bugs to be fixed without replacing the on board " +"chip." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -2261,10 +1795,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1587 msgid "" -"FreeBSD supports EIDE, SATA, SCSI, and SAS drives (with a compatible " -"controller; see the next section), and all drives using the original " -"<quote>Western Digital</quote> interface (MFM, RLL, ESDI, and of course " -"IDE). A few ESDI controllers that use proprietary interfaces may not work: " +"FreeBSD supports EIDE, SATA, SCSI, and SAS drives (with a compatible controller; see the next section), and all drives using the original " +"<quote>Western Digital</quote> interface (MFM, RLL, ESDI, and of course IDE). A few ESDI controllers that use proprietary interfaces may not work: " "stick to WD1002/3/6/7 interfaces and clones." msgstr "" @@ -2276,10 +1808,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1603 msgid "" -"See the complete list in the Hardware Notes for FreeBSD <link xlink:href=" -"\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/11.2R/hardware.html\">11.2</link> or " -"<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.4R/hardware.html" -"\">10.4</link>." +"See the complete list in the Hardware Notes for FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/12.0R/hardware.html\">12.0</link> or <link " +"xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.4R/hardware.html\">10.4</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -2300,21 +1830,16 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1626 msgid "" -"FreeBSD supports SCSI changers using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ch</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> device and the " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> command. The details of how to control the changer can be " -"found in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>." +"FreeBSD supports SCSI changers using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> device and the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> command. The details of how to control the changer can be " +"found in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1631 msgid "" -"While <application>AMANDA</application> and some other products already " -"understands changers, other applications only know how to move a tape from " -"one point to another. In this case, keep track of which slot a tape is in " -"and which slot the tape currently in the drive needs to go back to." +"While <application>AMANDA</application> and some other products already understands changers, other applications only know how to move a tape from one " +"point to another. In this case, keep track of which slot a tape is in and which slot the tape currently in the drive needs to go back to." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -2324,9 +1849,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1648 -msgid "" -"Any SCSI drive connected to a supported controller is supported. Most ATAPI " -"compatible IDE CD-ROMs are supported." +msgid "Any SCSI drive connected to a supported controller is supported. Most ATAPI compatible IDE CD-ROMs are supported." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -2337,9 +1860,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1655 msgid "" -"FreeBSD also supports any SCSI CD-R or CD-RW drives. Install the " -"<package>sysutils/cdrtools</package> port or package, then use " -"<command>cdrecord</command>." +"FreeBSD also supports any SCSI CD-R or CD-RW drives. Install the <package>sysutils/cdrtools</package> port or package, then use <command>cdrecord</" +"command>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title @@ -2355,12 +1877,9 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1674 msgid "" -"The default console driver, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, provides the ability " -"to use a mouse pointer in text consoles to cut & paste text. Run the " -"mouse daemon, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and turn on the mouse " -"pointer in the virtual console:" +"The default console driver, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, provides the ability to use a " +"mouse pointer in text consoles to cut & paste text. Run the mouse daemon, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>, and turn on the mouse pointer in the virtual console:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -2374,32 +1893,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1683 msgid "" -"Where <replaceable>xxxx</replaceable> is the mouse device name and " -"<replaceable>yyyy</replaceable> is a protocol type for the mouse. The mouse " -"daemon can automatically determine the protocol type of most mice, except " -"old serial mice. Specify the <literal>auto</literal> protocol to invoke " -"automatic detection. If automatic detection does not work, see the " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> manual page for a list of supported protocol types." +"Where <replaceable>xxxx</replaceable> is the mouse device name and <replaceable>yyyy</replaceable> is a protocol type for the mouse. The mouse daemon " +"can automatically determine the protocol type of most mice, except old serial mice. Specify the <literal>auto</literal> protocol to invoke automatic " +"detection. If automatic detection does not work, see the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> " +"manual page for a list of supported protocol types." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1693 msgid "" -"For a PS/2 mouse, add <literal>moused_enable=\"YES\"</literal> to <filename>/" -"etc/rc.conf</filename> to start the mouse daemon at boot time. Additionally, " -"to use the mouse daemon on all virtual terminals instead of just the " -"console, add <literal>allscreens_flags=\"-m on\"</literal> to <filename>/etc/" -"rc.conf</filename>." +"For a PS/2 mouse, add <literal>moused_enable=\"YES\"</literal> to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> to start the mouse daemon at boot time. " +"Additionally, to use the mouse daemon on all virtual terminals instead of just the console, add <literal>allscreens_flags=\"-m on\"</literal> to " +"<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1702 msgid "" -"When the mouse daemon is running, access to the mouse must be coordinated " -"between the mouse daemon and other programs such as X Windows. Refer to the " -"<acronym>FAQ</acronym> <link linkend=\"x-and-moused\">Why does my mouse not " -"work with X?</link> for more details on this issue." +"When the mouse daemon is running, access to the mouse must be coordinated between the mouse daemon and other programs such as X Windows. Refer to the " +"<acronym>FAQ</acronym> <link linkend=\"x-and-moused\">Why does my mouse not work with X?</link> for more details on this issue." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -2410,21 +1922,16 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1718 msgid "" -"It is not possible to remove data using the mouse. However, it is possible " -"to copy and paste. Once the mouse daemon is running as described in the " -"<link linkend=\"moused\">previous question</link>, hold down button 1 (left " -"button) and move the mouse to select a region of text. Then, press button 2 " -"(middle button) to paste it at the text cursor. Pressing button 3 (right " -"button) will <quote>extend</quote> the selected region of text." +"It is not possible to remove data using the mouse. However, it is possible to copy and paste. Once the mouse daemon is running as described in the " +"<link linkend=\"moused\">previous question</link>, hold down button 1 (left button) and move the mouse to select a region of text. Then, press button 2 " +"(middle button) to paste it at the text cursor. Pressing button 3 (right button) will <quote>extend</quote> the selected region of text." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1727 msgid "" -"If the mouse does not have a middle button, it is possible to emulate one or " -"remap buttons using mouse daemon options. See the " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> manual page for details." +"If the mouse does not have a middle button, it is possible to emulate one or remap buttons using mouse daemon options. See the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -2435,34 +1942,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1741 msgid "" -"The answer is, unfortunately, <quote>It depends</quote>. These mice with " -"additional features require specialized driver in most cases. Unless the " -"mouse device driver or the user program has specific support for the mouse, " -"it will act just like a standard two, or three button mouse." +"The answer is, unfortunately, <quote>It depends</quote>. These mice with additional features require specialized driver in most cases. Unless the mouse " +"device driver or the user program has specific support for the mouse, it will act just like a standard two, or three button mouse." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1748 -msgid "" -"For the possible usage of wheels in the X Window environment, refer to <link " -"linkend=\"x-and-wheel\">that section</link>." +msgid "For the possible usage of wheels in the X Window environment, refer to <link linkend=\"x-and-wheel\">that section</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:1755 -msgid "" -"How do I use my delete key in <command>sh</command> and <command>csh</" -"command>?" +msgid "How do I use my delete key in <command>sh</command> and <command>csh</command>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1760 msgid "" -"For the <application>Bourne Shell</application>, add the following lines to " -"<filename>~/.shrc</filename>. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>editrc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>." +"For the <application>Bourne Shell</application>, add the following lines to <filename>~/.shrc</filename>. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>editrc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -2476,8 +1974,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1767 msgid "" -"For the <application>C Shell</application>, add the following lines to " -"<filename>~/.cshrc</filename>. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>csh</" +"For the <application>C Shell</application>, add the following lines to <filename>~/.cshrc</filename>. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>csh</" "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" @@ -2491,9 +1988,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1774 -msgid "" -"For more information, see <link xlink:href=\"http://www.ibb.net/~anne/" -"keyboard.html\">this page</link>." +msgid "For more information, see <link xlink:href=\"http://www.ibb.net/~anne/keyboard.html\">this page</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title @@ -2503,16 +1998,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:1787 -msgid "" -"Workarounds for no sound from my <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pcm</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> sound card?" +msgid "Workarounds for no sound from my <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pcm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> sound card?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1792 -msgid "" -"Some sound cards set their output volume to 0 at every boot. Run the " -"following command every time the machine boots:" +msgid "Some sound cards set their output volume to 0 at every boot. Run the following command every time the machine boots:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -2529,10 +2020,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1807 msgid "" -"FreeBSD supports the <acronym>ACPI</acronym> features found in modern " -"hardware. Further information can be found in " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>acpi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>." +"FreeBSD supports the <acronym>ACPI</acronym> features found in modern hardware. Further information can be found in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>acpi</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title @@ -2542,76 +2031,60 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:1822 -msgid "" -"Why is FreeBSD finding the wrong amount of memory on <trademark>i386</" -"trademark> hardware?" +msgid "Why is FreeBSD finding the wrong amount of memory on <trademark>i386</trademark> hardware?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1827 -msgid "" -"The most likely reason is the difference between physical memory addresses " -"and virtual addresses." +msgid "The most likely reason is the difference between physical memory addresses and virtual addresses." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1830 msgid "" -"The convention for most PC hardware is to use the memory area between 3.5 GB " -"and 4 GB for a special purpose (usually for PCI). This address space is used " -"to access PCI hardware. As a result real, physical memory cannot be accessed " -"by that address space." +"The convention for most PC hardware is to use the memory area between 3.5 GB and 4 GB for a special purpose (usually for PCI). This address space is " +"used to access PCI hardware. As a result real, physical memory cannot be accessed by that address space." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1836 msgid "" -"What happens to the memory that should appear in that location is hardware " -"dependent. Unfortunately, some hardware does nothing and the ability to use " +"What happens to the memory that should appear in that location is hardware dependent. Unfortunately, some hardware does nothing and the ability to use " "that last 500 MB of RAM is entirely lost." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1841 msgid "" -"Luckily, most hardware remaps the memory to a higher location so that it can " -"still be used. However, this can cause some confusion when watching the boot " -"messages." +"Luckily, most hardware remaps the memory to a higher location so that it can still be used. However, this can cause some confusion when watching the " +"boot messages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1846 msgid "" -"On a 32-bit version of FreeBSD, the memory appears lost, since it will be " -"remapped above 4 GB, which a 32-bit kernel is unable to access. In this " -"case, the solution is to build a PAE enabled kernel. See the entry on memory " -"limits for more information." +"On a 32-bit version of FreeBSD, the memory appears lost, since it will be remapped above 4 GB, which a 32-bit kernel is unable to access. In this case, " +"the solution is to build a PAE enabled kernel. See the entry on memory limits for more information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1852 msgid "" -"On a 64-bit version of FreeBSD, or when running a PAE-enabled kernel, " -"FreeBSD will correctly detect and remap the memory so it is usable. During " -"boot, however, it may seem as if FreeBSD is detecting more memory than the " -"system really has, due to the described remapping. This is normal and the " +"On a 64-bit version of FreeBSD, or when running a PAE-enabled kernel, FreeBSD will correctly detect and remap the memory so it is usable. During boot, " +"however, it may seem as if FreeBSD is detecting more memory than the system really has, due to the described remapping. This is normal and the " "available memory will be corrected as the boot process completes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:1864 -msgid "" -"Why do my programs occasionally die with <errorname>Signal 11</errorname> " -"errors?" +msgid "Why do my programs occasionally die with <errorname>Signal 11</errorname> errors?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1869 msgid "" -"Signal 11 errors are caused when a process has attempted to access memory " -"which the operating system has not granted it access to. If something like " -"this is happening at seemingly random intervals, start investigating the " -"cause." +"Signal 11 errors are caused when a process has attempted to access memory which the operating system has not granted it access to. If something like " +"this is happening at seemingly random intervals, start investigating the cause." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -2621,42 +2094,33 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:1880 -msgid "" -"If the problem is occurring only in a specific custom application, it is " -"probably a bug in the code." +msgid "If the problem is occurring only in a specific custom application, it is probably a bug in the code." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:1886 msgid "" -"If it is a problem with part of the base FreeBSD system, it may also be " -"buggy code, but more often than not these problems are found and fixed long " -"before us general <acronym>FAQ</acronym> readers get to use these bits of " -"code (that is what -CURRENT is for)." +"If it is a problem with part of the base FreeBSD system, it may also be buggy code, but more often than not these problems are found and fixed long " +"before us general <acronym>FAQ</acronym> readers get to use these bits of code (that is what -CURRENT is for)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1895 -msgid "" -"It is probably not a FreeBSD bug if the problem occurs compiling a program, " -"but the activity that the compiler is carrying out changes each time." +msgid "It is probably not a FreeBSD bug if the problem occurs compiling a program, but the activity that the compiler is carrying out changes each time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1901 msgid "" -"For example, if <command>make buildworld</command> fails while trying to " -"compile <filename>ls.c</filename> into <filename>ls.o</filename> and, when " -"run again, it fails in the same place, this is a broken build. Try updating " -"source and try again. If the compile fails elsewhere, it is almost certainly " +"For example, if <command>make buildworld</command> fails while trying to compile <filename>ls.c</filename> into <filename>ls.o</filename> and, when run " +"again, it fails in the same place, this is a broken build. Try updating source and try again. If the compile fails elsewhere, it is almost certainly " "due to hardware." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1909 msgid "" -"In the first case, use a debugger such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to find the point in " +"In the first case, use a debugger such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to find the point in " "the program which is attempting to access a bogus address and fix it." msgstr "" @@ -2672,140 +2136,107 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:1921 -msgid "" -"The hard disks might be overheating: Check that the fans are still working, " -"as the disk and other hardware might be overheating." +msgid "The hard disks might be overheating: Check that the fans are still working, as the disk and other hardware might be overheating." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:1927 msgid "" -"The processor running is overheating: This might be because the processor " -"has been overclocked, or the fan on the processor might have died. In either " -"case, ensure that the hardware is running at what it is specified to run at, " -"at least while trying to solve this problem. If it is not, clock it back to " -"the default settings.)" +"The processor running is overheating: This might be because the processor has been overclocked, or the fan on the processor might have died. In either " +"case, ensure that the hardware is running at what it is specified to run at, at least while trying to solve this problem. If it is not, clock it back " +"to the default settings.)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:1935 msgid "" -"Regarding overclocking, it is far cheaper to have a slow system than a fried " -"system that needs replacing! Also the community is not sympathetic to " +"Regarding overclocking, it is far cheaper to have a slow system than a fried system that needs replacing! Also the community is not sympathetic to " "problems on overclocked systems." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:1942 msgid "" -"Dodgy memory: if multiple memory SIMMS/DIMMS are installed, pull them all " -"out and try running the machine with each SIMM or DIMM individually to " -"narrow the problem down to either the problematic DIMM/SIMM or perhaps even " -"a combination." +"Dodgy memory: if multiple memory SIMMS/DIMMS are installed, pull them all out and try running the machine with each SIMM or DIMM individually to narrow " +"the problem down to either the problematic DIMM/SIMM or perhaps even a combination." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:1951 msgid "" -"Over-optimistic motherboard settings: the BIOS settings, and some " -"motherboard jumpers, provide options to set various timings. The defaults " -"are often sufficient, but sometimes setting the wait states on RAM too low, " -"or setting the <quote>RAM Speed: Turbo</quote> option will cause strange " -"behavior. A possible idea is to set to BIOS defaults, after noting the " -"current settings first." +"Over-optimistic motherboard settings: the BIOS settings, and some motherboard jumpers, provide options to set various timings. The defaults are often " +"sufficient, but sometimes setting the wait states on RAM too low, or setting the <quote>RAM Speed: Turbo</quote> option will cause strange behavior. A " +"possible idea is to set to BIOS defaults, after noting the current settings first." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:1963 msgid "" -"Unclean or insufficient power to the motherboard. Remove any unused I/O " -"boards, hard disks, or CD-ROMs, or disconnect the power cable from them, to " -"see if the power supply can manage a smaller load. Or try another power " -"supply, preferably one with a little more power. For instance, if the " -"current power supply is rated at 250 Watts, try one rated at 300 Watts." +"Unclean or insufficient power to the motherboard. Remove any unused I/O boards, hard disks, or CD-ROMs, or disconnect the power cable from them, to see " +"if the power supply can manage a smaller load. Or try another power supply, preferably one with a little more power. For instance, if the current power " +"supply is rated at 250 Watts, try one rated at 300 Watts." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1975 msgid "" -"Read the section on <link linkend=\"signal11\">Signal 11</link> for a " -"further explanation and a discussion on how memory testing software or " -"hardware can still pass faulty memory. There is an extensive <acronym>FAQ</" -"acronym> on this at <link xlink:href=\"http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/\">the " -"SIG11 problem <acronym>FAQ</acronym></link>." +"Read the section on <link linkend=\"signal11\">Signal 11</link> for a further explanation and a discussion on how memory testing software or hardware " +"can still pass faulty memory. There is an extensive <acronym>FAQ</acronym> on this at <link xlink:href=\"http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/\">the SIG11 " +"problem <acronym>FAQ</acronym></link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1982 msgid "" -"Finally, if none of this has helped, it is possibly a bug in FreeBSD. Follow " -"<link linkend=\"access-pr\">these instructions</link> to send a problem " +"Finally, if none of this has helped, it is possibly a bug in FreeBSD. Follow <link linkend=\"access-pr\">these instructions</link> to send a problem " "report." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:1991 msgid "" -"My system crashes with either <errorname>Fatal trap 12: page fault in kernel " -"mode</errorname>, or <errorname>panic:</errorname>, and spits out a bunch of " -"information. What should I do?" +"My system crashes with either <errorname>Fatal trap 12: page fault in kernel mode</errorname>, or <errorname>panic:</errorname>, and spits out a bunch " +"of information. What should I do?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:1998 msgid "" -"The FreeBSD developers are interested in these errors, but need more " -"information than just the error message. Copy the full crash message. Then " -"consult the <acronym>FAQ</acronym> section on <link linkend=\"kernel-panic-" -"troubleshooting\">kernel panics</link>, build a debugging kernel, and get a " -"backtrace. This might sound difficult, but does not require any programming " -"skills. Just follow the instructions." +"The FreeBSD developers are interested in these errors, but need more information than just the error message. Copy the full crash message. Then consult " +"the <acronym>FAQ</acronym> section on <link linkend=\"kernel-panic-troubleshooting\">kernel panics</link>, build a debugging kernel, and get a " +"backtrace. This might sound difficult, but does not require any programming skills. Just follow the instructions." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:2011 -msgid "" -"What is the meaning of the error <errorname>maxproc limit exceeded by uid " -"%i, please see tuning(7) and login.conf(5)</errorname>?" +msgid "What is the meaning of the error <errorname>maxproc limit exceeded by uid %i, please see tuning(7) and login.conf(5)</errorname>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2017 msgid "" -"The FreeBSD kernel will only allow a certain number of processes to exist at " -"one time. The number is based on the <varname>kern.maxusers</varname> " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> variable. <varname>kern.maxusers</varname> also affects " -"various other in-kernel limits, such as network buffers. If the machine is " -"heavily loaded, increase <varname>kern.maxusers</varname>. This will " -"increase these other system limits in addition to the maximum number of " -"processes." +"The FreeBSD kernel will only allow a certain number of processes to exist at one time. The number is based on the <varname>kern.maxusers</varname> " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> variable. <varname>kern.maxusers</varname> also affects " +"various other in-kernel limits, such as network buffers. If the machine is heavily loaded, increase <varname>kern.maxusers</varname>. This will " +"increase these other system limits in addition to the maximum number of processes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2027 msgid "" -"To adjust the <varname>kern.maxusers</varname> value, see the <link xlink:" -"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-" -"kernel-limits.html#kern-maxfiles\">File/Process Limits</link> section of the " -"Handbook. While that section refers to open files, the same limits apply to " -"processes." +"To adjust the <varname>kern.maxusers</varname> value, see the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-" +"kernel-limits.html#kern-maxfiles\">File/Process Limits</link> section of the Handbook. While that section refers to open files, the same limits apply " +"to processes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2033 msgid "" -"If the machine is lightly loaded but running a very large number of " -"processes, adjust the <varname>kern.maxproc</varname> tunable by defining it " -"in <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. The tunable will not get adjusted " -"until the system is rebooted. For more information about tuning tunables, " -"see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loader.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>. If these processes are being run by a single " -"user, adjust <varname>kern.maxprocperuid</varname> to be one less than the " -"new <varname>kern.maxproc</varname> value. It must be at least one less " -"because one system program, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, must always be " -"running." +"If the machine is lightly loaded but running a very large number of processes, adjust the <varname>kern.maxproc</varname> tunable by defining it in " +"<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. The tunable will not get adjusted until the system is rebooted. For more information about tuning tunables, see " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>loader.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If these processes are being run by a single user, " +"adjust <varname>kern.maxprocperuid</varname> to be one less than the new <varname>kern.maxproc</varname> value. It must be at least one less because " +"one system program, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, must always be running." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -2816,124 +2247,98 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2055 msgid "" -"The remote machine may be setting the terminal type to something other than " -"<literal>xterm</literal> which is required by the FreeBSD console. " -"Alternatively the kernel may have the wrong values for the width and height " -"of the terminal." +"The remote machine may be setting the terminal type to something other than <literal>xterm</literal> which is required by the FreeBSD console. " +"Alternatively the kernel may have the wrong values for the width and height of the terminal." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2061 msgid "" -"Check the value of the <envar>TERM</envar> environment variable is " -"<literal>xterm</literal>. If the remote machine does not support that try " +"Check the value of the <envar>TERM</envar> environment variable is <literal>xterm</literal>. If the remote machine does not support that try " "<literal>vt100</literal>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2066 msgid "" -"Run <command>stty -a</command> to check what the kernel thinks the terminal " -"dimensions are. If they are incorrect, they can be changed by running " -"<command>stty rows <replaceable>RR</replaceable> cols <replaceable>CC</" -"replaceable></command>." +"Run <command>stty -a</command> to check what the kernel thinks the terminal dimensions are. If they are incorrect, they can be changed by running " +"<command>stty rows <replaceable>RR</replaceable> cols <replaceable>CC</replaceable></command>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2072 msgid "" -"Alternatively, if the client machine has <package>x11/xterm</package> " -"installed, then running <command>resize</command> will query the terminal " -"for the correct dimensions and set them." +"Alternatively, if the client machine has <package>x11/xterm</package> installed, then running <command>resize</command> will query the terminal for the " +"correct dimensions and set them." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:2081 -msgid "" -"Why does it take so long to connect to my computer via <command>ssh</" -"command> or <command>telnet</command>?" +msgid "Why does it take so long to connect to my computer via <command>ssh</command> or <command>telnet</command>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2087 msgid "" -"The symptom: there is a long delay between the time the TCP connection is " -"established and the time when the client software asks for a password (or, " -"in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>telnet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>'s case, when a login prompt appears)." +"The symptom: there is a long delay between the time the TCP connection is established and the time when the client software asks for a password (or, in " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>telnet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s case, when a login prompt appears)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2093 msgid "" -"The problem: more likely than not, the delay is caused by the server " -"software trying to resolve the client's IP address into a hostname. Many " -"servers, including the <application>Telnet</application> and " -"<application>SSH</application> servers that come with FreeBSD, do this to " -"store the hostname in a log file for future reference by the administrator." +"The problem: more likely than not, the delay is caused by the server software trying to resolve the client's IP address into a hostname. Many servers, " +"including the <application>Telnet</application> and <application>SSH</application> servers that come with FreeBSD, do this to store the hostname in a " +"log file for future reference by the administrator." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2101 msgid "" -"The remedy: if the problem occurs whenever connecting the client computer to " -"any server, the problem is with the client. If the problem only occurs when " -"someone connects to the server computer, the problem is with the server." +"The remedy: if the problem occurs whenever connecting the client computer to any server, the problem is with the client. If the problem only occurs " +"when someone connects to the server computer, the problem is with the server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2107 msgid "" -"If the problem is with the client, the only remedy is to fix the DNS so the " -"server can resolve it. If this is on a local network, consider it a server " +"If the problem is with the client, the only remedy is to fix the DNS so the server can resolve it. If this is on a local network, consider it a server " "problem and keep reading. If this is on the Internet, contact your ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2113 msgid "" -"If the problem is with the server on a local network, configure the server " -"to resolve address-to-hostname queries for the local address range. See " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hosts</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>named</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information. " -"If this is on the Internet, the problem may be that the local server's " -"resolver is not functioning correctly. To check, try to look up another host " -"such as <systemitem>www.yahoo.com</systemitem>. If it does not work, that is " -"the problem." +"If the problem is with the server on a local network, configure the server to resolve address-to-hostname queries for the local address range. See " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hosts</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>named</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information. If this is on the Internet, the problem may be that the local server's " +"resolver is not functioning correctly. To check, try to look up another host such as <systemitem>www.yahoo.com</systemitem>. If it does not work, that " +"is the problem." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2124 msgid "" -"Following a fresh install of FreeBSD, it is also possible that domain and " -"name server information is missing from <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</" -"filename>. This will often cause a delay in <application>SSH</application>, " -"as the option <literal>UseDNS</literal> is set to <literal>yes</literal> by " -"default in <filename>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</filename>. If this is causing the " -"problem, either fill in the missing information in <filename>/etc/resolv." -"conf</filename> or set <literal>UseDNS</literal> to <literal>no</literal> in " -"<filename>sshd_config</filename> as a temporary workaround." +"Following a fresh install of FreeBSD, it is also possible that domain and name server information is missing from <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</" +"filename>. This will often cause a delay in <application>SSH</application>, as the option <literal>UseDNS</literal> is set to <literal>yes</literal> by " +"default in <filename>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</filename>. If this is causing the problem, either fill in the missing information in <filename>/etc/resolv." +"conf</filename> or set <literal>UseDNS</literal> to <literal>no</literal> in <filename>sshd_config</filename> as a temporary workaround." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:2142 msgid "" -"Why does <errorname>file: table is full</errorname> show up repeatedly in " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"Why does <errorname>file: table is full</errorname> show up repeatedly in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" "citerefentry>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2147 msgid "" -"This error message indicates that the number of available file descriptors " -"have been exhausted on the system. Refer to the <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-kernel-" -"limits.html#kern-maxfiles\">kern.maxfiles</link> section of the <link xlink:" -"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-" -"kernel-limits.html\">Tuning Kernel Limits</link> section of the Handbook for " -"a discussion and solution." +"This error message indicates that the number of available file descriptors have been exhausted on the system. Refer to the <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-kernel-limits.html#kern-maxfiles\">kern.maxfiles</link> section of the <link xlink:" +"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-kernel-limits.html\">Tuning Kernel Limits</link> section of the Handbook for a " +"discussion and solution." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -2943,18 +2348,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2163 -msgid "" -"The computer has two or more clocks, and FreeBSD has chosen to use the wrong " -"one." +msgid "The computer has two or more clocks, and FreeBSD has chosen to use the wrong one." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2166 msgid "" -"Run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>, and check for lines that contain " -"<literal>Timecounter</literal>. The one with the highest quality value that " -"FreeBSD chose." +"Run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and check for lines that contain <literal>Timecounter</" +"literal>. The one with the highest quality value that FreeBSD chose." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -2971,8 +2372,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2176 msgid "" -"Confirm this by checking the <varname>kern.timecounter.hardware</varname> " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></" +"Confirm this by checking the <varname>kern.timecounter.hardware</varname> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></" "citerefentry>." msgstr "" @@ -2986,9 +2386,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2183 -msgid "" -"It may be a broken ACPI timer. The simplest solution is to disable the ACPI " -"timer in <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:" +msgid "It may be a broken ACPI timer. The simplest solution is to disable the ACPI timer in <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -3000,19 +2398,15 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2189 msgid "" -"Or the BIOS may modify the TSC clock—perhaps to change the speed of the " -"processor when running from batteries, or going into a power saving mode, " -"but FreeBSD is unaware of these adjustments, and appears to gain or lose " -"time." +"Or the BIOS may modify the TSC clock—perhaps to change the speed of the processor when running from batteries, or going into a power saving mode, but " +"FreeBSD is unaware of these adjustments, and appears to gain or lose time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2195 msgid "" -"In this example, the <literal>i8254</literal> clock is also available, and " -"can be selected by writing its name to the <varname>kern.timecounter." -"hardware</varname> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +"In this example, the <literal>i8254</literal> clock is also available, and can be selected by writing its name to the <varname>kern.timecounter." +"hardware</varname> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -3030,9 +2424,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2206 -msgid "" -"To have this change automatically run at boot time, add the following line " -"to <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:" +msgid "To have this change automatically run at boot time, add the following line to <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -3043,20 +2435,15 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:2216 -msgid "" -"What does the error <errorname>swap_pager: indefinite wait buffer:</" -"errorname> mean?" +msgid "What does the error <errorname>swap_pager: indefinite wait buffer:</errorname> mean?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2221 msgid "" -"This means that a process is trying to page memory from disk, and the page " -"attempt has hung trying to access the disk for more than 20 seconds. It " -"might be caused by bad blocks on the disk drive, disk wiring, cables, or any " -"other disk I/O-related hardware. If the drive itself is bad, disk errors " -"will appear in <filename>/var/log/messages</filename> and in the output of " -"<command>dmesg</command>. Otherwise, check the cables and connections." +"This means that a process is trying to page memory from disk, and the page attempt has hung trying to access the disk for more than 20 seconds. It " +"might be caused by bad blocks on the disk drive, disk wiring, cables, or any other disk I/O-related hardware. If the drive itself is bad, disk errors " +"will appear in <filename>/var/log/messages</filename> and in the output of <command>dmesg</command>. Otherwise, check the cables and connections." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -3067,98 +2454,74 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2241 msgid "" -"The FreeBSD kernel uses a number of resource locks to arbitrate contention " -"for certain resources. When multiple kernel threads try to obtain multiple " -"resource locks, there's always the potential for a deadlock, where two " -"threads have each obtained one of the locks and blocks forever waiting for " -"the other thread to release one of the other locks. This sort of locking " -"problem can be avoided if all threads obtain the locks in the same order." +"The FreeBSD kernel uses a number of resource locks to arbitrate contention for certain resources. When multiple kernel threads try to obtain multiple " +"resource locks, there's always the potential for a deadlock, where two threads have each obtained one of the locks and blocks forever waiting for the " +"other thread to release one of the other locks. This sort of locking problem can be avoided if all threads obtain the locks in the same order." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2250 msgid "" -"A run-time lock diagnostic system called " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>witness</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>, enabled in FreeBSD-CURRENT and disabled by " -"default for stable branches and releases, detects the potential for " -"deadlocks due to locking errors, including errors caused by obtaining " -"multiple resource locks with a different order from different parts of the " -"kernel. The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>witness</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> framework tries to " -"detect this problem as it happens, and reports it by printing a message to " -"the system console about a <errorname>lock order reversal</errorname> (often " -"referred to also as <acronym>LOR</acronym>)." +"A run-time lock diagnostic system called <citerefentry><refentrytitle>witness</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, enabled in " +"FreeBSD-CURRENT and disabled by default for stable branches and releases, detects the potential for deadlocks due to locking errors, including errors " +"caused by obtaining multiple resource locks with a different order from different parts of the kernel. The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>witness</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> framework tries to detect this problem as it happens, and reports it by printing a message to the " +"system console about a <errorname>lock order reversal</errorname> (often referred to also as <acronym>LOR</acronym>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2262 msgid "" -"It is possible to get false positives, as " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>witness</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> is conservative. A true positive report " -"<emphasis>does not</emphasis> mean that a system is dead-locked; instead it " -"should be understood as a warning that a deadlock could have happened here." +"It is possible to get false positives, as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>witness</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> is conservative. " +"A true positive report <emphasis>does not</emphasis> mean that a system is dead-locked; instead it should be understood as a warning that a deadlock " +"could have happened here." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para #: book.translate.xml:2269 msgid "" -"Problematic <acronym>LOR</acronym>s tend to get fixed quickly, so check the " -"<link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-current" +"Problematic <acronym>LOR</acronym>s tend to get fixed quickly, so check the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-current" "\">FreeBSD-CURRENT mailing list</link> before posting to it." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:2278 -msgid "" -"What does <errorname>Called ... with the following non-sleepable locks held</" -"errorname> mean?" +msgid "What does <errorname>Called ... with the following non-sleepable locks held</errorname> mean?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2283 -msgid "" -"This means that a function that may sleep was called while a mutex (or other " -"unsleepable) lock was held." +msgid "This means that a function that may sleep was called while a mutex (or other unsleepable) lock was held." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2286 msgid "" -"The reason this is an error is because mutexes are not intended to be held " -"for long periods of time; they are supposed to only be held to maintain " -"short periods of synchronization. This programming contract allows device " -"drivers to use mutexes to synchronize with the rest of the kernel during " -"interrupts. Interrupts (under FreeBSD) may not sleep. Hence it is imperative " -"that no subsystem in the kernel block for an extended period while holding a " -"mutex." +"The reason this is an error is because mutexes are not intended to be held for long periods of time; they are supposed to only be held to maintain " +"short periods of synchronization. This programming contract allows device drivers to use mutexes to synchronize with the rest of the kernel during " +"interrupts. Interrupts (under FreeBSD) may not sleep. Hence it is imperative that no subsystem in the kernel block for an extended period while holding " +"a mutex." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2296 msgid "" -"To catch such errors, assertions may be added to the kernel that interact " -"with the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>witness</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> subsystem to emit a warning or fatal error " -"(depending on the system configuration) when a potentially blocking call is " -"made while holding a mutex." +"To catch such errors, assertions may be added to the kernel that interact with the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>witness</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> subsystem to emit a warning or fatal error (depending on the system configuration) when a potentially blocking call is made " +"while holding a mutex." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2302 msgid "" -"In summary, such warnings are non-fatal, however with unfortunate timing " -"they could cause undesirable effects ranging from a minor blip in the " -"system's responsiveness to a complete system lockup." +"In summary, such warnings are non-fatal, however with unfortunate timing they could cause undesirable effects ranging from a minor blip in the system's " +"responsiveness to a complete system lockup." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2307 msgid "" -"For additional information about locking in FreeBSD see " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>locking</refentrytitle><manvolnum>9</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>." +"For additional information about locking in FreeBSD see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locking</refentrytitle><manvolnum>9</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget @@ -3173,20 +2536,15 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:2314 -msgid "" -"Why does <_:buildtarget-1/>/<_:buildtarget-2/> die with the message " -"<errorname>touch: not found</errorname>?" +msgid "Why does <_:buildtarget-1/>/<_:buildtarget-2/> die with the message <errorname>touch: not found</errorname>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2321 msgid "" -"This error does not mean that the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>touch</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility is missing. " -"The error is instead probably due to the dates of the files being set " -"sometime in the future. If the CMOS clock is set to local time, run " -"<command>adjkerntz -i</command> to adjust the kernel clock when booting into " -"single-user mode." +"This error does not mean that the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>touch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility is missing. The " +"error is instead probably due to the dates of the files being set sometime in the future. If the CMOS clock is set to local time, run " +"<command>adjkerntz -i</command> to adjust the kernel clock when booting into single-user mode." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title @@ -3202,28 +2560,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2343 msgid "" -"Refer to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/ports/index.html\">the ports " -"page</link> for info on software packages ported to FreeBSD. The list " -"currently tops 24,000 and is growing daily, so come back to check often or " -"subscribe to the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/" -"listinfo/freebsd-announce\">FreeBSD announcements mailing list</link> for " -"periodic updates on new entries." +"Refer to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/ports/index.html\">the ports page</link> for info on software packages ported to FreeBSD. The list " +"currently tops 24,000 and is growing daily, so come back to check often or subscribe to the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/" +"listinfo/freebsd-announce\">FreeBSD announcements mailing list</link> for periodic updates on new entries." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2350 msgid "" -"Most ports should work on all supported versions of FreeBSD. Those that do " -"not are specifically marked as such. Each time a FreeBSD release is made, a " -"snapshot of the ports tree at the time of release in also included in the " -"<filename>ports/</filename> directory." +"Most ports should work on all supported versions of FreeBSD. Those that do not are specifically marked as such. Each time a FreeBSD release is made, a " +"snapshot of the ports tree at the time of release in also included in the <filename>ports/</filename> directory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2356 msgid "" -"FreeBSD supports compressed binary packages to easily install and uninstall " -"ports. Use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</" +"FreeBSD supports compressed binary packages to easily install and uninstall ports. Use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</" "manvolnum></citerefentry> to control the installation of packages." msgstr "" @@ -3240,22 +2592,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:2373 msgid "" -"Use portsnap for most use cases. Refer to <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html" -"\">Using the Ports Collection</link> for instructions on how to use this " -"tool." +"Use portsnap for most use cases. Refer to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html\">Using the Ports " +"Collection</link> for instructions on how to use this tool." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:2378 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Use Subversion if custom patches to the ports tree are needed. Refer to " -"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/svn." -"html\">Using Subversion</link> for details." +"Use Subversion if custom patches to the ports tree are needed. Refer to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/svn.html" +"\">Using Subversion</link> for details." msgstr "" -"如果想看關於 FreeBSD 更深入的資料，請看 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" -"doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD 使用手冊</link>。" +"如果想看關於 FreeBSD 更深入的資料，請看 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD 使用手冊</link>。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:2388 @@ -3264,57 +2612,43 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2392 -msgid "" -"Yes. Refer to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/java/index.html\">https://" -"www.FreeBSD.org/java/</link> for more information." +msgid "Yes. Refer to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/java/index.html\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/java/</link> for more information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:2399 -msgid "" -"Why can I not build this port on my 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> -, or 11." -"<replaceable>X</replaceable> -STABLE machine?" -msgstr "" +#, fuzzy +msgid "Why can I not build this port on my 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> -, or 12.<replaceable>X</replaceable> -STABLE machine?" +msgstr "FreeBSD 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 常見問答集" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2405 msgid "" -"If the installed FreeBSD version lags significantly behind <emphasis>-" -"CURRENT</emphasis> or <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>, update the Ports " -"Collection using the instructions in <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" -"doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html\">Using the Ports " -"Collection</link>. If the system is up-to-date, someone might have committed " -"a change to the port which works for <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> but which " -"broke the port for <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>. <link xlink:href=\"https://" -"bugs.FreeBSD.org/submit/\">Submit</link> a bug report, since the Ports " -"Collection is supposed to work for both the <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> " -"and <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> branches." +"If the installed FreeBSD version lags significantly behind <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> or <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>, update the Ports Collection " +"using the instructions in <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html\">Using the Ports Collection</link>. " +"If the system is up-to-date, someone might have committed a change to the port which works for <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> but which broke the port " +"for <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>. <link xlink:href=\"https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/submit/\">Submit</link> a bug report, since the Ports Collection is " +"supposed to work for both the <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> and <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> branches." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:2422 -msgid "" -"I just tried to build <filename>INDEX</filename> using <command>make index</" -"command>, and it failed. Why?" +msgid "I just tried to build <filename>INDEX</filename> using <command>make index</command>, and it failed. Why?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2427 msgid "" -"First, make sure that the Ports Collection is up-to-date. Errors that affect " -"building <filename>INDEX</filename> from an up-to-date copy of the Ports " +"First, make sure that the Ports Collection is up-to-date. Errors that affect building <filename>INDEX</filename> from an up-to-date copy of the Ports " "Collection are high-visibility and are thus almost always fixed immediately." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2433 msgid "" -"There are rare cases where <filename>INDEX</filename> will not build due to " -"odd cases involving <varname>OPTIONS_SET</varname> being set in " -"<filename>make.conf</filename>. If you suspect that this is the case, try to " -"make <filename>INDEX</filename> with those variables turned off before " -"reporting it to <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/" -"freebsd-ports\">FreeBSD ports mailing list</link>." +"There are rare cases where <filename>INDEX</filename> will not build due to odd cases involving <varname>OPTIONS_SET</varname> being set in " +"<filename>make.conf</filename>. If you suspect that this is the case, try to make <filename>INDEX</filename> with those variables turned off before " +"reporting it to <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ports\">FreeBSD ports mailing list</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -3325,97 +2659,74 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2450 msgid "" -"FreeBSD does not include a port upgrading tool, but it does have some tools " -"to make the upgrade process somewhat easier. Additional tools are available " -"to simplify port handling and are described the <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html" -"\">Upgrading Ports</link> section in the FreeBSD Handbook." +"FreeBSD does not include a port upgrading tool, but it does have some tools to make the upgrade process somewhat easier. Additional tools are available " +"to simplify port handling and are described the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html\">Upgrading " +"Ports</link> section in the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:2460 -msgid "" -"Do I need to recompile every port each time I perform a major version update?" +msgid "Do I need to recompile every port each time I perform a major version update?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2465 msgid "" -"Yes! While a recent system will run with software compiled under an older " -"release, things will randomly crash and fail to work once other ports are " +"Yes! While a recent system will run with software compiled under an older release, things will randomly crash and fail to work once other ports are " "installed or updated." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2470 msgid "" -"When the system is upgraded, various shared libraries, loadable modules, and " -"other parts of the system will be replaced with newer versions. Applications " -"linked against the older versions may fail to start or, in other cases, fail " -"to function properly." +"When the system is upgraded, various shared libraries, loadable modules, and other parts of the system will be replaced with newer versions. " +"Applications linked against the older versions may fail to start or, in other cases, fail to function properly." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2476 msgid "" -"For more information, see <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." -"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/updating-upgrading-freebsdupdate.html#freebsdupdate-" +"For more information, see <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/updating-upgrading-freebsdupdate.html#freebsdupdate-" "upgrade\">the section on upgrades</link> in the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:2483 -msgid "" -"Do I need to recompile every port each time I perform a minor version update?" +msgid "Do I need to recompile every port each time I perform a minor version update?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2488 msgid "" -"In general, no. FreeBSD developers do their utmost to guarantee binary " -"compatibility across all releases with the same major version number. Any " -"exceptions will be documented in the Release Notes, and advice given there " -"should be followed." +"In general, no. FreeBSD developers do their utmost to guarantee binary compatibility across all releases with the same major version number. Any " +"exceptions will be documented in the Release Notes, and advice given there should be followed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:2498 -msgid "" -"Why is <command>/bin/sh</command> so minimal? Why does FreeBSD not use " -"<command>bash</command> or another shell?" +msgid "Why is <command>/bin/sh</command> so minimal? Why does FreeBSD not use <command>bash</command> or another shell?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2504 msgid "" -"Many people need to write shell scripts which will be portable across many " -"systems. That is why <trademark class=\"registered\">POSIX</trademark> " -"specifies the shell and utility commands in great detail. Most scripts are " -"written in Bourne shell (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>), and because several " -"important programming interfaces (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>make</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>system</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>popen</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and analogues in " -"higher-level scripting languages like Perl and Tcl) are specified to use the " -"Bourne shell to interpret commands. Because the Bourne shell is so often and " -"widely used, it is important for it to be quick to start, be deterministic " -"in its behavior, and have a small memory footprint." +"Many people need to write shell scripts which will be portable across many systems. That is why <trademark class=\"registered\">POSIX</trademark> " +"specifies the shell and utility commands in great detail. Most scripts are written in Bourne shell (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>), and because several important programming interfaces (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>make</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>system</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>popen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and analogues in higher-level scripting languages like Perl " +"and Tcl) are specified to use the Bourne shell to interpret commands. Because the Bourne shell is so often and widely used, it is important for it to " +"be quick to start, be deterministic in its behavior, and have a small memory footprint." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2517 msgid "" -"The existing implementation is our best effort at meeting as many of these " -"requirements simultaneously as we can. To keep <command>/bin/sh</command> " -"small, we have not provided many of the convenience features that other " -"shells have. That is why other more featureful shells like <command>bash</" -"command>, <command>scsh</command>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcsh</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and <command>zsh</" -"command> are available. Compare the memory utilization of these shells by " -"looking at the <quote>VSZ</quote> and <quote>RSS</quote> columns in a " -"<command>ps -u</command> listing." +"The existing implementation is our best effort at meeting as many of these requirements simultaneously as we can. To keep <command>/bin/sh</command> " +"small, we have not provided many of the convenience features that other shells have. That is why other more featureful shells like <command>bash</" +"command>, <command>scsh</command>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and <command>zsh</command> " +"are available. Compare the memory utilization of these shells by looking at the <quote>VSZ</quote> and <quote>RSS</quote> columns in a <command>ps -u</" +"command> listing." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -3426,12 +2737,9 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2537 msgid "" -"To create audio CDs from MIDI files, first install <package>audio/timidity+" -"+</package> from ports then install manually the GUS patches set by Eric A. " -"Welsh, available at <uri xlink:href=\"http://alleg.sourceforge.net/digmid." -"html\">http://alleg.sourceforge.net/digmid.html</uri>. After " -"<application>TiMidity++</application> has been installed properly, MIDI " -"files may be converted to WAV files with the following command line:" +"To create audio CDs from MIDI files, first install <package>audio/timidity++</package> from ports then install manually the GUS patches set by Eric A. " +"Welsh, available at <uri xlink:href=\"http://alleg.sourceforge.net/digmid.html\">http://alleg.sourceforge.net/digmid.html</uri>. After " +"<application>TiMidity++</application> has been installed properly, MIDI files may be converted to WAV files with the following command line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -3443,8 +2751,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2547 msgid "" -"The WAV files can then be converted to other formats or burned onto audio " -"CDs, as described in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"The WAV files can then be converted to other formats or burned onto audio CDs, as described in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." "ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html\">FreeBSD Handbook</link>." msgstr "" @@ -3461,18 +2768,15 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2566 msgid "" -"Not at all! Check out the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." -"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig.html\">kernel config section of the " +"Not at all! Check out the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig.html\">kernel config section of the " "Handbook</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para #: book.translate.xml:2570 msgid "" -"The new <filename>kernel</filename> will be installed to the <filename>/boot/" -"kernel</filename> directory along with its modules, while the old kernel and " -"its modules will be moved to the <filename>/boot/kernel.old</filename> " -"directory. If a mistake is made in the configuration, simply boot the " +"The new <filename>kernel</filename> will be installed to the <filename>/boot/kernel</filename> directory along with its modules, while the old kernel " +"and its modules will be moved to the <filename>/boot/kernel.old</filename> directory. If a mistake is made in the configuration, simply boot the " "previous version of the kernel." msgstr "" @@ -3484,29 +2788,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2588 msgid "" -"<literal>GENERIC</literal> kernels shipped with FreeBSD are compiled in " -"<emphasis>debug mode</emphasis>. Kernels built in debug mode contain debug " -"data in separate files that are used for debugging. FreeBSD releases prior " -"to 11.0 store these debug files in the same directory as the kernel itself, " -"<filename>/boot/kernel/</filename>. In FreeBSD 11.0 and later the debug " -"files are stored in <filename>/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/</filename>. Note " -"that there will be little or no performance loss from running a debug " -"kernel, and it is useful to keep one around in case of a system panic." +"<literal>GENERIC</literal> kernels shipped with FreeBSD are compiled in <emphasis>debug mode</emphasis>. Kernels built in debug mode contain debug data " +"in separate files that are used for debugging. FreeBSD releases prior to 11.0 store these debug files in the same directory as the kernel itself, " +"<filename>/boot/kernel/</filename>. In FreeBSD 11.0 and later the debug files are stored in <filename>/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/</filename>. Note that " +"there will be little or no performance loss from running a debug kernel, and it is useful to keep one around in case of a system panic." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2601 msgid "" -"When running low on disk space, there are different options to reduce the " -"size of <filename>/boot/kernel/</filename> and <filename>/usr/lib/debug/</" +"When running low on disk space, there are different options to reduce the size of <filename>/boot/kernel/</filename> and <filename>/usr/lib/debug/</" "filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2606 -msgid "" -"To not install the symbol files, make sure the following line exists in " -"<filename>/etc/src.conf</filename>:" +msgid "To not install the symbol files, make sure the following line exists in <filename>/etc/src.conf</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -3517,16 +2814,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2612 -msgid "" -"For more information see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>src.conf</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +msgid "For more information see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>src.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2614 -msgid "" -"If you want to avoid building debug files altogether, make sure that both of " -"the following are true:" +msgid "If you want to avoid building debug files altogether, make sure that both of the following are true:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para @@ -3542,22 +2835,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:2626 -msgid "" -"Do not run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> with <option>-g</option>." +msgid "Do not run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> with <option>-g</option>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2631 -msgid "" -"Either of the above settings will cause the kernel to be built in debug mode." +msgid "Either of the above settings will cause the kernel to be built in debug mode." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2634 -msgid "" -"To build and install only the specified modules, list them in <filename>/etc/" -"make.conf</filename>:" +msgid "To build and install only the specified modules, list them in <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -3569,40 +2857,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2640 msgid "" -"Replace <emphasis>accf_httpd ipfw</emphasis> with a list of needed modules. " -"Only the listed modules will be built. This reduces the size of the kernel " -"directory and decreases the amount of time needed to build the kernel. For " -"more information, read <filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</" +"Replace <emphasis>accf_httpd ipfw</emphasis> with a list of needed modules. Only the listed modules will be built. This reduces the size of the kernel " +"directory and decreases the amount of time needed to build the kernel. For more information, read <filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</" "filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2647 -msgid "" -"Unneeded devices can be removed from the kernel to further reduce the size. " -"See <xref linkend=\"make-kernel\"/> for more information." +msgid "Unneeded devices can be removed from the kernel to further reduce the size. See <xref linkend=\"make-kernel\"/> for more information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2650 msgid "" -"To put any of these options into effect, follow the instructions to <link " -"xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" +"To put any of these options into effect, follow the instructions to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" "kernelconfig-building.html\">build and install</link> the new kernel." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2654 -msgid "" -"For reference, the FreeBSD 11 amd64 kernel (<filename>/boot/kernel/kernel</" -"filename>) is approximately 25 MB." +msgid "For reference, the FreeBSD 11 amd64 kernel (<filename>/boot/kernel/kernel</filename>) is approximately 25 MB." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:2662 -msgid "" -"Why does every kernel I try to build fail to compile, even " -"<filename>GENERIC</filename>?" +msgid "Why does every kernel I try to build fail to compile, even <filename>GENERIC</filename>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -3613,29 +2892,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:2672 msgid "" -"The source tree is different from the one used to build the currently " -"running system. When attempting an upgrade, read <filename>/usr/src/" -"UPDATING</filename>, paying particular attention to the <quote>COMMON ITEMS</" -"quote> section at the end." +"The source tree is different from the one used to build the currently running system. When attempting an upgrade, read <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</" +"filename>, paying particular attention to the <quote>COMMON ITEMS</quote> section at the end." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:2681 msgid "" -"The <command>make buildkernel</command> did not complete successfully. The " -"<command>make buildkernel</command> target relies on files generated by the " +"The <command>make buildkernel</command> did not complete successfully. The <command>make buildkernel</command> target relies on files generated by the " "<command>make buildworld</command> target to complete its job correctly." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:2689 msgid "" -"Even when building <link linkend=\"stable\">FreeBSD-STABLE</link>, it is " -"possible that the source tree was fetched at a time when it was either being " -"modified or it was broken. Only releases are guaranteed to be buildable, " -"although <link linkend=\"stable\">FreeBSD-STABLE</link> builds fine the " -"majority of the time. Try re-fetching the source tree and see if the problem " -"goes away. Try using a different mirror in case the previous one is having " +"Even when building <link linkend=\"stable\">FreeBSD-STABLE</link>, it is possible that the source tree was fetched at a time when it was either being " +"modified or it was broken. Only releases are guaranteed to be buildable, although <link linkend=\"stable\">FreeBSD-STABLE</link> builds fine the " +"majority of the time. Try re-fetching the source tree and see if the problem goes away. Try using a different mirror in case the previous one is having " "problems." msgstr "" @@ -3646,9 +2919,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2710 -msgid "" -"The name of the scheduler currently being used is directly available as the " -"value of the <varname>kern.sched.name</varname> sysctl:" +msgid "The name of the scheduler currently being used is directly available as the value of the <varname>kern.sched.name</varname> sysctl:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -3666,9 +2937,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2725 -msgid "" -"<varname>kern.sched.quantum</varname> is the maximum number of ticks a " -"process can run without being preempted in the 4BSD scheduler." +msgid "<varname>kern.sched.quantum</varname> is the maximum number of ticks a process can run without being preempted in the 4BSD scheduler." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title @@ -3684,9 +2953,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2744 msgid "" -"See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" -"handbook/disks-adding.html\">Adding Disks</link> section in the FreeBSD " -"Handbook." +"See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks-adding.html\">Adding Disks</link> section in the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -3697,50 +2964,36 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2756 msgid "" -"The best way is to reinstall the operating system on the new disk, then move " -"the user data over. This is highly recommended when tracking <emphasis>-" -"STABLE</emphasis> for more than one release or when updating a release " -"instead of installing a new one. Install booteasy on both disks with " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>boot0cfg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> and dual boot until you are happy with the new " -"configuration. Skip the next paragraph to find out how to move the data " -"after doing this." +"The best way is to reinstall the operating system on the new disk, then move the user data over. This is highly recommended when tracking <emphasis>-" +"STABLE</emphasis> for more than one release or when updating a release instead of installing a new one. Install booteasy on both disks with " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>boot0cfg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and dual boot until you are happy with the new " +"configuration. Skip the next paragraph to find out how to move the data after doing this." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2766 msgid "" -"Alternatively, partition and label the new disk with either " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sade</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If the disks are MBR-" -"formatted, booteasy can be installed on both disks with " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>boot0cfg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> so that the computer can dual boot to the old or " -"new system after the copying is done." +"Alternatively, partition and label the new disk with either <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sade</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> or " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If the disks are MBR-formatted, booteasy can be installed on " +"both disks with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>boot0cfg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> so that the computer can dual boot to the " +"old or new system after the copying is done." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2772 msgid "" -"Once the new disk set up, the data cannot just be copied. Instead, use tools " -"that understand device files and system flags, such as " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>. Although it is recommended to move the data while in single-" +"Once the new disk set up, the data cannot just be copied. Instead, use tools that understand device files and system flags, such as " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Although it is recommended to move the data while in single-" "user mode, it is not required." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2779 msgid "" -"When the disks are formatted with <acronym>UFS</acronym>, never use anything " -"but <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>restore</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to move the root file " -"system. These commands should also be used when moving a single partition to " -"another empty partition. The sequence of steps to use <command>dump</" -"command> to move the data from one <acronym>UFS</acronym> partitions to a " -"new partition is:" +"When the disks are formatted with <acronym>UFS</acronym>, never use anything but <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>restore</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to move the root file system. " +"These commands should also be used when moving a single partition to another empty partition. The sequence of steps to use <command>dump</command> to " +"move the data from one <acronym>UFS</acronym> partitions to a new partition is:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para @@ -3760,15 +3013,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para #: book.translate.xml:2803 -msgid "" -"<command>dump</command> the old partition, piping output to the new one." +msgid "<command>dump</command> the old partition, piping output to the new one." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2808 -msgid "" -"For example, to move <filename>/dev/ada1s1a</filename> with <filename>/mnt</" -"filename> as the temporary mount point, type:" +msgid "For example, to move <filename>/dev/ada1s1a</filename> with <filename>/mnt</filename> as the temporary mount point, type:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -3784,11 +3034,9 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2818 msgid "" -"Rearranging partitions with <command>dump</command> takes a bit more work. " -"To merge a partition like <filename>/var</filename> into its parent, create " -"the new partition large enough for both, move the parent partition as " -"described above, then move the child partition into the empty directory that " -"the first move created:" +"Rearranging partitions with <command>dump</command> takes a bit more work. To merge a partition like <filename>/var</filename> into its parent, create " +"the new partition large enough for both, move the parent partition as described above, then move the child partition into the empty directory that the " +"first move created:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -3806,10 +3054,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2833 msgid "" -"To split a directory from its parent, say putting <filename>/var</filename> " -"on its own partition when it was not before, create both partitions, then " -"mount the child partition on the appropriate directory in the temporary " -"mount point, then move the old single partition:" +"To split a directory from its parent, say putting <filename>/var</filename> on its own partition when it was not before, create both partitions, then " +"mount the child partition on the appropriate directory in the temporary mount point, then move the old single partition:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -3828,91 +3074,73 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2847 msgid "" -"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cpio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pax</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utilities are also " -"available for moving user data. These are known to lose file flag " -"information, so use them with caution." +"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cpio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pax</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utilities are also available for moving user data. These are known to lose file flag information, " +"so use them with caution." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:2855 msgid "" -"Which partitions can safely use Soft Updates? I have heard that Soft Updates " -"on <filename>/</filename> can cause problems. What about Journaled Soft " +"Which partitions can safely use Soft Updates? I have heard that Soft Updates on <filename>/</filename> can cause problems. What about Journaled Soft " "Updates?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2861 -msgid "" -"Short answer: Soft Updates can usually be safely used on all partitions." +msgid "Short answer: Soft Updates can usually be safely used on all partitions." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2864 msgid "" -"Long answer: Soft Updates has two characteristics that may be undesirable on " -"certain partitions. First, a Soft Updates partition has a small chance of " -"losing data during a system crash. The partition will not be corrupted as " -"the data will simply be lost. Second, Soft Updates can cause temporary space " +"Long answer: Soft Updates has two characteristics that may be undesirable on certain partitions. First, a Soft Updates partition has a small chance of " +"losing data during a system crash. The partition will not be corrupted as the data will simply be lost. Second, Soft Updates can cause temporary space " "shortages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2871 msgid "" -"When using Soft Updates, the kernel can take up to thirty seconds to write " -"changes to the physical disk. When a large file is deleted the file still " -"resides on disk until the kernel actually performs the deletion. This can " -"cause a very simple race condition. Suppose one large file is deleted and " -"another large file is immediately created. The first large file is not yet " -"actually removed from the physical disk, so the disk might not have enough " -"room for the second large file. This will produce an error that the " -"partition does not have enough space, even though a large chunk of space has " -"just been released. A few seconds later, the file creation works as expected." +"When using Soft Updates, the kernel can take up to thirty seconds to write changes to the physical disk. When a large file is deleted the file still " +"resides on disk until the kernel actually performs the deletion. This can cause a very simple race condition. Suppose one large file is deleted and " +"another large file is immediately created. The first large file is not yet actually removed from the physical disk, so the disk might not have enough " +"room for the second large file. This will produce an error that the partition does not have enough space, even though a large chunk of space has just " +"been released. A few seconds later, the file creation works as expected." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2885 msgid "" -"If a system should crash after the kernel accepts a chunk of data for " -"writing to disk, but before that data is actually written out, data could be " +"If a system should crash after the kernel accepts a chunk of data for writing to disk, but before that data is actually written out, data could be " "lost. This risk is extremely small, but generally manageable." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2890 -msgid "" -"These issues affect all partitions using Soft Updates. So, what does this " -"mean for the root partition?" +msgid "These issues affect all partitions using Soft Updates. So, what does this mean for the root partition?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2893 msgid "" -"Vital information on the root partition changes very rarely. If the system " -"crashed during the thirty-second window after such a change is made, it is " -"possible that data could be lost. This risk is negligible for most " -"applications, but be aware that it exists. If the system cannot tolerate " -"this much risk, do not use Soft Updates on the root file system!" +"Vital information on the root partition changes very rarely. If the system crashed during the thirty-second window after such a change is made, it is " +"possible that data could be lost. This risk is negligible for most applications, but be aware that it exists. If the system cannot tolerate this much " +"risk, do not use Soft Updates on the root file system!" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2901 msgid "" -"<filename>/</filename> is traditionally one of the smallest partitions. If " -"<filename>/tmp</filename> is on <filename>/</filename>, there may be " -"intermittent space problems. Symlinking <filename>/tmp</filename> to " -"<filename>/var/tmp</filename> will solve this problem." +"<filename>/</filename> is traditionally one of the smallest partitions. If <filename>/tmp</filename> is on <filename>/</filename>, there may be " +"intermittent space problems. Symlinking <filename>/tmp</filename> to <filename>/var/tmp</filename> will solve this problem." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2909 msgid "" -"Finally, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> does not work in live mode (-L) on a filesystem, " -"with Journaled Soft Updates (<acronym>SU+J</acronym>)." +"Finally, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> does not work in live mode (-L) on a filesystem, with " +"Journaled Soft Updates (<acronym>SU+J</acronym>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -3933,10 +3161,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:2929 msgid "" -"UFS CD-ROMs can be mounted directly on FreeBSD. Mounting disk partitions " -"from Digital UNIX and other systems that support UFS may be more complex, " -"depending on the details of the disk partitioning for the operating system " -"in question." +"UFS CD-ROMs can be mounted directly on FreeBSD. Mounting disk partitions from Digital UNIX and other systems that support UFS may be more complex, " +"depending on the details of the disk partitioning for the operating system in question." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term @@ -3947,8 +3173,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:2941 msgid "" -"FreeBSD supports <literal>ext2fs</literal> and <literal>ext3fs</literal> " -"partitions. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ext2fs</" +"FreeBSD supports <literal>ext2fs</literal> and <literal>ext3fs</literal> partitions. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ext2fs</" "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information." msgstr "" @@ -3960,10 +3185,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:2951 msgid "" -"FUSE based NTFS support is available as a port (<package>sysutils/fusefs-" -"ntfs</package>). For more information see <link xlink:href=\"http://www." -"tuxera.com/community/ntfs-3g-manual/\"><application>ntfs-3g</application></" -"link>." +"FUSE based NTFS support is available as a port (<package>sysutils/fusefs-ntfs</package>). For more information see <link xlink:href=\"http://www.tuxera." +"com/community/ntfs-3g-manual/\"><application>ntfs-3g</application></link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term @@ -3974,9 +3197,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:2961 msgid "" -"FreeBSD includes a read-write FAT driver. For more information, see " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount_msdosfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>." +"FreeBSD includes a read-write FAT driver. For more information, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount_msdosfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term @@ -3988,17 +3210,16 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:2970 msgid "" -"FreeBSD includes a port of <trademark>Sun</trademark>'s ZFS driver. The " -"current recommendation is to use it only on amd64 platforms with sufficient " -"memory. For more information, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>zfs</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +"FreeBSD includes a port of <trademark>Sun</trademark>'s ZFS driver. The current recommendation is to use it only on amd64 platforms with sufficient " +"memory. For more information, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>zfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 包含由 <trademark>Sun</trademark> 移植過來的 ZFS 驅動程式。 目前的建議是僅在記憶體充足的 amd64 平臺上使用它。有關更詳細資訊, 請參閱 " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>zfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2978 msgid "" -"FreeBSD includes the Network File System <acronym>NFS</acronym> and the " -"FreeBSD Ports Collection provides several FUSE applications to support many " +"FreeBSD includes the Network File System <acronym>NFS</acronym> and the FreeBSD Ports Collection provides several FUSE applications to support many " "other file systems." msgstr "" @@ -4010,10 +3231,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:2991 msgid "" -"The secondary DOS partitions are found after <emphasis>all</emphasis> the " -"primary partitions. For example, if <literal>E</literal> is the second DOS " -"partition on the second SCSI drive, there will be a device file for " -"<quote>slice 5</quote> in <filename>/dev</filename>. To mount it:" +"The secondary DOS partitions are found after <emphasis>all</emphasis> the primary partitions. For example, if <literal>E</literal> is the second DOS " +"partition on the second SCSI drive, there will be a device file for <quote>slice 5</quote> in <filename>/dev</filename>. To mount it:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -4030,27 +3249,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3008 msgid "" -"Yes, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gbde</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>geli</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. See the <link xlink:" -"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks-encrypting." +"Yes, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gbde</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>geli</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks-encrypting." "html\">Encrypting Disk Partitions</link> section of the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3017 -msgid "" -"How do I boot FreeBSD and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> " -"using <application>GRUB</application>?" +msgid "How do I boot FreeBSD and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> using <application>GRUB</application>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3022 msgid "" -"To boot FreeBSD using <application>GRUB</application>, add the following to " -"either <filename>/boot/grub/menu.lst</filename> or <filename>/boot/grub/grub." -"conf</filename>, depending upon which is used by the <trademark class=" -"\"registered\">Linux</trademark> distribution." +"To boot FreeBSD using <application>GRUB</application>, add the following to either <filename>/boot/grub/menu.lst</filename> or <filename>/boot/grub/" +"grub.conf</filename>, depending upon which is used by the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> distribution." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -4065,49 +3278,39 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3032 msgid "" -"Where <replaceable>hd0,a</replaceable> points to the root partition on the " -"first disk. To specify the slice number, use something like this " -"<replaceable>(hd0,2,a)</replaceable>. By default, if the slice number is " -"omitted, <application>GRUB</application> searches the first slice which has " +"Where <replaceable>hd0,a</replaceable> points to the root partition on the first disk. To specify the slice number, use something like this " +"<replaceable>(hd0,2,a)</replaceable>. By default, if the slice number is omitted, <application>GRUB</application> searches the first slice which has " "the <literal>a</literal> partition." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3044 -msgid "" -"How do I boot FreeBSD and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> " -"using <application>BootEasy?</application>" +msgid "How do I boot FreeBSD and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> using <application>BootEasy?</application>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3049 msgid "" -"Install LILO at the start of the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</" -"trademark> boot partition instead of in the Master Boot Record. You can then " +"Install LILO at the start of the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> boot partition instead of in the Master Boot Record. You can then " "boot LILO from <application>BootEasy</application>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3054 msgid "" -"This is recommended when running <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</" -"trademark> and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> as it makes " -"it simpler to get <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> booting " -"again if <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> is reinstalled." +"This is recommended when running <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> as it makes " +"it simpler to get <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> booting again if <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> is reinstalled." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3062 -msgid "" -"How do I change the boot prompt from <literal>???</literal> to something " -"more meaningful?" +msgid "How do I change the boot prompt from <literal>???</literal> to something more meaningful?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3068 msgid "" -"This cannot be accomplished with the standard boot manager without rewriting " -"it. There are a number of other boot managers in the <filename>sysutils</" +"This cannot be accomplished with the standard boot manager without rewriting it. There are a number of other boot managers in the <filename>sysutils</" "filename> category of the Ports Collection." msgstr "" @@ -4130,10 +3333,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3086 msgid "" -"If the drive will only be used with FreeBSD systems, partition it with " -"<acronym>UFS</acronym> or <acronym>ZFS</acronym>. This will provide long " -"filename support, improvement in performance, and stability. If the drive " -"will be used by other operating systems, a more portable choice, such as " +"If the drive will only be used with FreeBSD systems, partition it with <acronym>UFS</acronym> or <acronym>ZFS</acronym>. This will provide long " +"filename support, improvement in performance, and stability. If the drive will be used by other operating systems, a more portable choice, such as " "msdosfs, is better." msgstr "" @@ -4171,10 +3372,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3105 msgid "" -"It is a good idea to add a line to <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> (see " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>) so you can just type <command>mount /mnt</command> in the " -"future:" +"It is a good idea to add a line to <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>) so you can just type <command>mount /mnt</command> in the future:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -4185,63 +3384,50 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3116 -msgid "" -"Why do I get <errorname>Incorrect super block</errorname> when mounting a CD?" +msgid "Why do I get <errorname>Incorrect super block</errorname> when mounting a CD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3121 msgid "" -"The type of device to mount must be specified. This is described in the " -"Handbook section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/" +"The type of device to mount must be specified. This is described in the Handbook section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/" "books/handbook/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd\">Using Data CDs</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3129 -msgid "" -"Why do I get <errorname>Device not configured</errorname> when mounting a CD?" +msgid "Why do I get <errorname>Device not configured</errorname> when mounting a CD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3134 msgid "" -"This generally means that there is no CD in the drive, or the drive is not " -"visible on the bus. Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" -"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd\">Using Data " -"CDs</link> section of the Handbook for a detailed discussion of this issue." +"This generally means that there is no CD in the drive, or the drive is not visible on the bus. Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd\">Using Data CDs</link> section of the Handbook for a detailed discussion of this issue." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3144 -msgid "" -"Why do all non-English characters in filenames show up as <quote>?</quote> " -"on my CDs when mounted in FreeBSD?" +msgid "Why do all non-English characters in filenames show up as <quote>?</quote> on my CDs when mounted in FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3149 msgid "" -"The CD probably uses the <quote>Joliet</quote> extension for storing " -"information about files and directories. This is discussed in the Handbook " -"section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" -"handbook/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd\">Using Data CD-ROMs</link>." +"The CD probably uses the <quote>Joliet</quote> extension for storing information about files and directories. This is discussed in the Handbook section " +"on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd\">Using Data CD-ROMs</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3159 -msgid "" -"A CD burned under FreeBSD cannot be read under any other operating system. " -"Why?" +msgid "A CD burned under FreeBSD cannot be read under any other operating system. Why?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3164 msgid "" -"This means a raw file was burned to the CD, rather than creating an ISO 9660 " -"file system. Take a look at the Handbook section on <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds." -"html#mounting-cd\">Using Data <acronym>CD</acronym>s</link>." +"This means a raw file was burned to the CD, rather than creating an ISO 9660 file system. Take a look at the Handbook section on <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd\">Using Data <acronym>CD</acronym>s</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -4252,12 +3438,9 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3177 msgid "" -"This is discussed in the Handbook section on <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds." -"html#mkisofs\">Writing Data to an <acronym>ISO</acronym> File System</link>. " -"For more on working with CD-ROMs, see the <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html" -"\">Creating CDs Section</link> in the Storage chapter in the Handbook." +"This is discussed in the Handbook section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html#mkisofs" +"\">Writing Data to an <acronym>ISO</acronym> File System</link>. For more on working with CD-ROMs, see the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html\">Creating CDs Section</link> in the Storage chapter in the Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -4268,11 +3451,9 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3192 msgid "" -"Trying to mount an audio CD will produce an error like <errorname>cd9660: /" -"dev/cd0: Invalid argument</errorname>. This is because <command>mount</" -"command> only works on file systems. Audio CDs do not have file systems; " -"they just have data. Instead, use a program that reads audio CDs, such as " -"the <package>audio/xmcd</package> package or port." +"Trying to mount an audio CD will produce an error like <errorname>cd9660: /dev/cd0: Invalid argument</errorname>. This is because <command>mount</" +"command> only works on file systems. Audio CDs do not have file systems; they just have data. Instead, use a program that reads audio CDs, such as the " +"<package>audio/xmcd</package> package or port." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -4283,25 +3464,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3209 msgid "" -"By default, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> will attempt to mount the last data track " -"(session) of a CD. To load an earlier session, use the <option>-s</option> " -"command line argument. Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount_cd9660</" +"By default, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> will attempt to mount the last data track " +"(session) of a CD. To load an earlier session, use the <option>-s</option> command line argument. Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount_cd9660</" "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for specific examples." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3219 -msgid "" -"How do I let ordinary users mount CD-ROMs, DVDs, USB drives, and other " -"removable media?" +msgid "How do I let ordinary users mount CD-ROMs, DVDs, USB drives, and other removable media?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3224 -msgid "" -"As <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> set the sysctl variable " -"<varname>vfs.usermount</varname> to <literal>1</literal>." +msgid "As <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> set the sysctl variable <varname>vfs.usermount</varname> to <literal>1</literal>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -4313,16 +3488,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3230 msgid "" -"To make this persist across reboots, add the line <literal>vfs.usermount=1</" -"literal> to <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> so that it is reset at " +"To make this persist across reboots, add the line <literal>vfs.usermount=1</literal> to <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> so that it is reset at " "system boot time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3235 msgid "" -"Users can only mount devices they have read permissions to. To allow users " -"to mount a device permissions must be set in <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</" +"Users can only mount devices they have read permissions to. To allow users to mount a device permissions must be set in <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</" "filename>." msgstr "" @@ -4342,9 +3515,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3247 -msgid "" -"All users can now mount devices they could read onto a directory that they " -"own:" +msgid "All users can now mount devices they could read onto a directory that they own:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -4369,71 +3540,51 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3257 msgid "" -"Enabling <varname>vfs.usermount</varname>, however, has negative security " -"implications. A better way to access <trademark class=\"registered\">MS-DOS</" -"trademark> formatted media is to use the <package>emulators/mtools</package> " -"package in the Ports Collection." +"Enabling <varname>vfs.usermount</varname>, however, has negative security implications. A better way to access <trademark class=\"registered\">MS-DOS</" +"trademark> formatted media is to use the <package>emulators/mtools</package> package in the Ports Collection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para #: book.translate.xml:3264 -msgid "" -"The device name used in the previous examples must be changed according to " -"the configuration." +msgid "The device name used in the previous examples must be changed according to the configuration." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3272 -msgid "" -"The <command>du</command> and <command>df</command> commands show different " -"amounts of disk space available. What is going on?" +msgid "The <command>du</command> and <command>df</command> commands show different amounts of disk space available. What is going on?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3278 msgid "" -"This is due to how these commands actually work. <command>du</command> goes " -"through the directory tree, measures how large each file is, and presents " -"the totals. <command>df</command> just asks the file system how much space " -"it has left. They seem to be the same thing, but a file without a directory " +"This is due to how these commands actually work. <command>du</command> goes through the directory tree, measures how large each file is, and presents " +"the totals. <command>df</command> just asks the file system how much space it has left. They seem to be the same thing, but a file without a directory " "entry will affect <command>df</command> but not <command>du</command>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3287 msgid "" -"When a program is using a file, and the file is deleted, the file is not " -"really removed from the file system until the program stops using it. The " -"file is immediately deleted from the directory listing, however. As an " -"example, consider a file large enough to affect the output of <command>du</" -"command> and <command>df</command>. A file being viewed with <command>more</" -"command> can be deleted wihout causing an error. The entry is removed from " -"the directory so no other program or user can access it. However, " -"<command>du</command> shows that it is gone as it has walked the directory " -"tree and the file is not listed. <command>df</command> shows that it is " -"still there, as the file system knows that <command>more</command> is still " -"using that space. Once the <command>more</command> session ends, " -"<command>du</command> and <command>df</command> will agree." +"When a program is using a file, and the file is deleted, the file is not really removed from the file system until the program stops using it. The file " +"is immediately deleted from the directory listing, however. As an example, consider a file large enough to affect the output of <command>du</command> " +"and <command>df</command>. A file being viewed with <command>more</command> can be deleted wihout causing an error. The entry is removed from the " +"directory so no other program or user can access it. However, <command>du</command> shows that it is gone as it has walked the directory tree and the " +"file is not listed. <command>df</command> shows that it is still there, as the file system knows that <command>more</command> is still using that " +"space. Once the <command>more</command> session ends, <command>du</command> and <command>df</command> will agree." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3307 msgid "" -"This situation is common on web servers. Many people set up a FreeBSD web " -"server and forget to rotate the log files. The access log fills up " -"<filename>/var</filename>. The new administrator deletes the file, but the " -"system still complains that the partition is full. Stopping and restarting " -"the web server program would free the file, allowing the system to release " -"the disk space. To prevent this from happening, set up " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newsyslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>." +"This situation is common on web servers. Many people set up a FreeBSD web server and forget to rotate the log files. The access log fills up <filename>/" +"var</filename>. The new administrator deletes the file, but the system still complains that the partition is full. Stopping and restarting the web " +"server program would free the file, allowing the system to release the disk space. To prevent this from happening, set up " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newsyslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3316 -msgid "" -"Note that Soft Updates can delay the freeing of disk space and it can take " -"up to 30 seconds for the change to be visible." +msgid "Note that Soft Updates can delay the freeing of disk space and it can take up to 30 seconds for the change to be visible." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -4444,31 +3595,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3328 msgid "" -"This section <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" -"handbook/adding-swap-space.html\">of the Handbook</link> describes how to do " -"this." +"This section <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/adding-swap-space.html\">of the Handbook</link> describes how to " +"do this." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3335 -msgid "" -"Why does FreeBSD see my disk as smaller than the manufacturer says it is?" +msgid "Why does FreeBSD see my disk as smaller than the manufacturer says it is?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3340 msgid "" -"Disk manufacturers calculate gigabytes as a billion bytes each, whereas " -"FreeBSD calculates them as 1,073,741,824 bytes each. This explains why, for " -"example, FreeBSD's boot messages will report a disk that supposedly has " -"80 GB as holding 76,319 MB." +"Disk manufacturers calculate gigabytes as a billion bytes each, whereas FreeBSD calculates them as 1,073,741,824 bytes each. This explains why, for " +"example, FreeBSD's boot messages will report a disk that supposedly has 80 GB as holding 76,319 MB." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3347 -msgid "" -"Also note that FreeBSD will (by default) <link linkend=\"disk-more-than-full" -"\">reserve</link> 8% of the disk space." +msgid "Also note that FreeBSD will (by default) <link linkend=\"disk-more-than-full\">reserve</link> 8% of the disk space." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -4479,189 +3624,170 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3359 msgid "" -"A portion of each UFS partition (8%, by default) is reserved for use by the " -"operating system and the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> " -"user. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>df</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> does not count that space when calculating the " -"<literal>Capacity</literal> column, so it can exceed 100%. Notice that the " -"<literal>Blocks</literal> column is always greater than the sum of the " -"<literal>Used</literal> and <literal>Avail</literal> columns, usually by a " -"factor of 8%." +"A portion of each UFS partition (8%, by default) is reserved for use by the operating system and the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> " +"user. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>df</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> does not count that space when calculating the " +"<literal>Capacity</literal> column, so it can exceed 100%. Notice that the <literal>Blocks</literal> column is always greater than the sum of the " +"<literal>Used</literal> and <literal>Avail</literal> columns, usually by a factor of 8%." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3369 -msgid "" -"For more details, look up <option>-m</option> in " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tunefs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>." +msgid "For more details, look up <option>-m</option> in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tunefs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3383 msgid "What is the minimum amount of RAM one should have to run ZFS?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "使用 ZFS 最少需要多少記憶體？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3388 -msgid "" -"A minimum of 4GB of RAM is required for comfortable usage, but individual " -"workloads can vary widely." -msgstr "" +msgid "A minimum of 4GB of RAM is required for comfortable usage, but individual workloads can vary widely." +msgstr "至少需要 4GB 的記憶體才能跑得順，但不同的工作負載可能會造成相當大的差異。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3395 msgid "What is the ZIL and when does it get used?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "ZIL 是什麼而又何時會被使用？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3399 msgid "" -"The <acronym>ZIL</acronym> (<acronym>ZFS</acronym> intent log) is a write " -"log used to implement posix write commitment semantics across crashes. " -"Normally writes are bundled up into transaction groups and written to disk " -"when filled (<quote>Transaction Group Commit</quote>). However syscalls like " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsync</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> require a commitment that the data is written to stable " -"storage before returning. The ZIL is needed for writes that have been " -"acknowledged as written but which are not yet on disk as part of a " -"transaction. The transaction groups are timestamped. In the event of a crash " -"the last valid timestamp is found and missing data is merged in from the ZIL." +"The <acronym>ZIL</acronym> (<acronym>ZFS</acronym> intent log) is a write log used to implement posix write commitment semantics across crashes. " +"Normally writes are bundled up into transaction groups and written to disk when filled (<quote>Transaction Group Commit</quote>). However syscalls like " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsync</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> require a commitment that the data is written to stable " +"storage before returning. The ZIL is needed for writes that have been acknowledged as written but which are not yet on disk as part of a transaction. " +"The transaction groups are timestamped. In the event of a crash the last valid timestamp is found and missing data is merged in from the ZIL." msgstr "" +"The <acronym>ZIL</acronym> (<acronym>ZFS</acronym> 動向日誌) 是一個紀錄日誌，用以實現系統當機時 POSIX 寫入保證的語義，多個正常 ZFS 寫入動作會被分成多個" +"交易處理群組，並在交易處理群組被填滿時寫入磁碟 (<quote>Transaction Group Commit</quote>)。然而像 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsync</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> 這樣的系統呼叫，會要求該系統呼叫在返回前，能承諾已將資料寫入磁碟，ZIL 就是用來紀錄確認為已執行寫入" +"的資料，但其實尚未存在於磁碟上，即尚未完成交易處理，交易處理群組具有時間戳記，在系統當機後，找到 ZIL 最後一個有效的時間戳記，即將遺失的資料再舍併至磁碟" +"上。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3417 msgid "Do I need a SSD for ZIL?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "我需要用固態硬碟 (SSD) 來存 ZIL 嗎？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3421 msgid "" -"By default, ZFS stores the ZIL in the pool with all the data. If an " -"application has a heavy write load, storing the ZIL in a separate device " -"that has very fast synchronous, sequential write performance can improve " -"overall system. For other workloads, a SSD is unlikely to make much of an " -"improvement." +"By default, ZFS stores the ZIL in the pool with all the data. If an application has a heavy write load, storing the ZIL in a separate device that has " +"very fast synchronous, sequential write performance can improve overall system. For other workloads, a SSD is unlikely to make much of an improvement." msgstr "" +"ZFS 預設將 ZIL 儲存在包含所有資料的 zpool 中，如果應用程式的寫入負載很重，將 ZIL 儲存在同步速度非常快的獨立設備中，藉由循序寫入效能的提高可以改善整個系" +"統的效能，對於其他類型的工作負載， 固態硬碟就不會有太大的助益。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3432 msgid "What is the L2ARC?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "L2ARC 是什麼？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3436 msgid "" -"The <acronym>L2ARC</acronym> is a read cache stored on a fast device such as " -"an <acronym>SSD</acronym>. This cache is not persistent across reboots. Note " -"that RAM is used as the first layer of cache and the L2ARC is only needed if " -"there is insufficient RAM." +"The <acronym>L2ARC</acronym> is a read cache stored on a fast device such as an <acronym>SSD</acronym>. This cache is not persistent across reboots. " +"Note that RAM is used as the first layer of cache and the L2ARC is only needed if there is insufficient RAM." msgstr "" +"The <acronym>L2ARC</acronym> (Second Level Adaptive Replacement Cache) 是存於快速儲存設備 <acronym>SSD</acronym> 上的讀取快取，此快取在重新開機後會消" +"失，請注意記憶體是第一層的快取，只有在記憶體不足的情況下才需要 L2ARC。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3442 msgid "" -"L2ARC needs space in the ARC to index it. So, perversely, a working set that " -"fits perfectly in the ARC will not fit perfectly any more if a L2ARC is used " -"because part of the ARC is holding the L2ARC index, pushing part of the " -"working set into the L2ARC which is slower than RAM." +"L2ARC needs space in the ARC to index it. So, perversely, a working set that fits perfectly in the ARC will not fit perfectly any more if a L2ARC is " +"used because part of the ARC is holding the L2ARC index, pushing part of the working set into the L2ARC which is slower than RAM." msgstr "" +"L2ARC 需要 ARC 的空間來為其製作索引，因此，有一種反常的情況，如果有一種工作集 (working set) 可以完美地剛好放入 ARC，一旦系統使用 L2ARC，該工作集的運作將" +"不再完美，因為 ARC 需要用一部分空間來保存 L2ARC 的索引，以至於必須將工作集的一部分存入比記憶體慢的 L2ARC。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3453 msgid "Is enabling deduplication advisable?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "建議啟用去冗餘 (deduplication) 嗎？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3457 msgid "Generally speaking, no." -msgstr "" +msgstr "一般而言，不建議這麼做。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3459 msgid "" -"Deduplication takes up a significant amount of RAM and may slow down read " -"and write disk access times. Unless one is storing data that is very heavily " -"duplicated, such as virtual machine images or user backups, it is possible " -"that deduplication will do more harm than good. Another consideration is the " -"inability to revert deduplication status. If data is written when " -"deduplication is enabled, disabling dedup will not cause those blocks which " -"were deduplicated to be replicated until they are next modified." +"Deduplication takes up a significant amount of RAM and may slow down read and write disk access times. Unless one is storing data that is very heavily " +"duplicated, such as virtual machine images or user backups, it is possible that deduplication will do more harm than good. Another consideration is the " +"inability to revert deduplication status. If data is written when deduplication is enabled, disabling dedup will not cause those blocks which were " +"deduplicated to be replicated until they are next modified." msgstr "" +"去冗餘需要相當多的記憶體，而且會讓讀寫磁碟所需的時間變長，除非磁碟上儲存了非常多重複的資料，例如：虛擬機的映像檔或者是使用者的備份資料，否則開啟去冗餘可" +"能弊大於利。另一個需要考量的狀況是：啟用去冗餘功能之後再將其關閉，無法將磁碟上去冗餘的狀態立即逆轉，必須等到下次修改了之前被去冗餘的資料，變更的區塊才會" +"再被複製一份。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3470 -msgid "" -"Deduplication can also lead to some unexpected situations. In particular, " -"deleting files may become much slower." -msgstr "" +msgid "Deduplication can also lead to some unexpected situations. In particular, deleting files may become much slower." +msgstr "去冗餘也可能會導致某些非預期的情況，特別是刪除檔案時可能會慢很多。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3478 msgid "I cannot delete or create files on my ZFS pool. How can I fix this?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "在我建立的 ZFS pool 中無法刪除和新增檔案，應該怎麼修復？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3483 msgid "" -"This could happen because the pool is 100% full. ZFS requires space on the " -"disk to write transaction metadata. To restore the pool to a usable state, " +"This could happen because the pool is 100% full. ZFS requires space on the disk to write transaction metadata. To restore the pool to a usable state, " "truncate the file to delete:" msgstr "" +"這很有可能是該 pool 的空間使用率已達 100% 滿了，因 ZFS 需要儲存空間以將紀錄交易處理的輔助資料 (metadata) 寫入，為了讓該 pool 回復至可用狀態，必須用檔案" +"切除的方法 (truncate 命令) 刪除不重要的檔案：" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen #: book.translate.xml:3488 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>truncate -s 0 unimportant-file</userinput>" -msgstr "" +msgstr "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>truncate -s 0 unimportant-file</userinput>" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3490 -msgid "" -"File truncation works because a new transaction is not started, new spare " -"blocks are created instead." -msgstr "" +msgid "File truncation works because a new transaction is not started, new spare blocks are created instead." +msgstr "因為檔案切除不需要建立交易處理紀錄，並能釋放出可使用的磁碟區塊。" #. (itstool) path: note/para #: book.translate.xml:3494 -msgid "" -"On systems with additional ZFS dataset tuning, such as deduplication, the " -"space may not be immediately available" -msgstr "" +msgid "On systems with additional ZFS dataset tuning, such as deduplication, the space may not be immediately available" +msgstr "如果系統曾進行過額外的 ZFS dataset 調校，例如：去冗餘，釋放出來的空間也許不會立即可得。" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3503 msgid "Does ZFS support TRIM for Solid State Drives?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "ZFS 支援固態硬碟 (SSD) 的 TRIM 功能嗎？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3507 msgid "" -"ZFS TRIM support was added to FreeBSD 10-CURRENT with revision " -"r<revnumber>240868</revnumber>. ZFS TRIM support was added to all FreeBSD-" -"STABLE branches in r<revnumber>252162</revnumber> and r<revnumber>251419</" -"revnumber>, respectively." +"ZFS TRIM support was added to FreeBSD 10-CURRENT with revision r<revnumber>240868</revnumber>. ZFS TRIM support was added to all FreeBSD-STABLE " +"branches in r<revnumber>252162</revnumber> and r<revnumber>251419</revnumber>, respectively." msgstr "" +"自 FreeBSD 10-CURRENT 修定 r<revnumber>240868</revnumber> 開始，就支援 ZFS TRIM。ZFS TRIM 的支援分別已在 r<revnumber>252162</revnumber> 和 " +"r<revnumber>251419</revnumber> 的修訂，加進所有 FreeBSD-STABLE 分支。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3513 -msgid "" -"ZFS TRIM is enabled by default, and can be turned off by adding this line to " -"<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:" -msgstr "" +msgid "ZFS TRIM is enabled by default, and can be turned off by adding this line to <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:" +msgstr "ZFS TRIM 預設就已開啟，也可以將其關閉，只要加入一行設定到 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting #: book.translate.xml:3517 #, no-wrap msgid "vfs.zfs.trim.enabled=0" -msgstr "" +msgstr "vfs.zfs.trim.enabled=0" #. (itstool) path: note/para #: book.translate.xml:3520 -msgid "" -"ZFS TRIM may not work with all configurations, such as a ZFS filesystem on a " -"GELI-backed device." -msgstr "" +msgid "ZFS TRIM may not work with all configurations, such as a ZFS filesystem on a GELI-backed device." +msgstr "ZFS TRIM 也可能某些設定中會無效，例如：在採用 GELI 裝置上的 ZFS 檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title #: book.translate.xml:3529 @@ -4676,23 +3802,16 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3539 msgid "" -"The primary configuration file is <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> " -"which is described in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc.conf</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. System startup " -"scripts such as <filename>/etc/rc</filename> and <filename>/etc/rc.d</" -"filename>, which are described in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, include this file. " -"<emphasis>Do not edit this file!</emphasis> Instead, to edit an entry in " -"<filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename>, copy the line into <filename>/" -"etc/rc.conf</filename> and change it there." +"The primary configuration file is <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> which is described in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc.conf</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. System startup scripts such as <filename>/etc/rc</filename> and <filename>/etc/rc.d</filename>, " +"which are described in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, include this file. <emphasis>Do not edit " +"this file!</emphasis> Instead, to edit an entry in <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename>, copy the line into <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and " +"change it there." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3550 -msgid "" -"For example, if to start <citerefentry><refentrytitle>named</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, the included DNS " -"server:" +msgid "For example, if to start <citerefentry><refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, the included DNS server:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -4704,9 +3823,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3555 msgid "" -"To start up local services, place shell scripts in the <filename>/usr/local/" -"etc/rc.d</filename> directory. These shell scripts should be set executable, " -"the default file mode is <literal>555</literal>." +"To start up local services, place shell scripts in the <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename> directory. These shell scripts should be set " +"executable, the default file mode is <literal>555</literal>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -4717,37 +3835,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3568 msgid "" -"Use the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>adduser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> command, or the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command for more " -"complicated situations." +"Use the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>adduser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command, or the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command for more complicated situations." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3571 msgid "" -"To remove the user, use the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rmuser</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command or, if " -"necessary, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>." +"To remove the user, use the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rmuser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command or, if necessary, " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3578 -msgid "" -"Why do I keep getting messages like <errorname>root: not found</errorname> " -"after editing <filename>/etc/crontab</filename>?" +msgid "Why do I keep getting messages like <errorname>root: not found</errorname> after editing <filename>/etc/crontab</filename>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3584 msgid "" -"This is normally caused by editing the system crontab. This is not the " -"correct way to do things as the system crontab has a different format to the " -"per-user crontabs. The system crontab has an extra field, specifying which " -"user to run the command as. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> assumes this user is " -"the first word of the command to execute. Since no such command exists, this " +"This is normally caused by editing the system crontab. This is not the correct way to do things as the system crontab has a different format to the per-" +"user crontabs. The system crontab has an extra field, specifying which user to run the command as. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> assumes this user is the first word of the command to execute. Since no such command exists, this " "error message is displayed." msgstr "" @@ -4765,28 +3874,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3601 msgid "" -"Why do I get the error, <errorname>you are not in the correct group to su " -"root</errorname> when I try to <command>su</command> to <systemitem class=" +"Why do I get the error, <errorname>you are not in the correct group to su root</errorname> when I try to <command>su</command> to <systemitem class=" "\"username\">root</systemitem>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3607 msgid "" -"This is a security feature. In order to <command>su</command> to <systemitem " -"class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, or any other account with superuser " -"privileges, the user account must be a member of the <systemitem class=" -"\"groupname\">wheel</systemitem> group. If this feature were not there, " -"anybody with an account on a system who also found out <systemitem class=" -"\"username\">root</systemitem>'s password would be able to gain superuser " -"level access to the system." +"This is a security feature. In order to <command>su</command> to <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, or any other account with superuser " +"privileges, the user account must be a member of the <systemitem class=\"groupname\">wheel</systemitem> group. If this feature were not there, anybody " +"with an account on a system who also found out <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>'s password would be able to gain superuser level access " +"to the system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3617 msgid "" -"To allow someone to <command>su</command> to <systemitem class=\"username" -"\">root</systemitem>, put them in the <systemitem class=\"groupname\">wheel</" +"To allow someone to <command>su</command> to <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, put them in the <systemitem class=\"groupname\">wheel</" "systemitem> group using <command>pw</command>:" msgstr "" @@ -4798,53 +3902,39 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3624 -msgid "" -"The above example will add user <systemitem class=\"username\">lisa</" -"systemitem> to the group <systemitem class=\"groupname\">wheel</systemitem>." +msgid "The above example will add user <systemitem class=\"username\">lisa</systemitem> to the group <systemitem class=\"groupname\">wheel</systemitem>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3631 msgid "" -"I made a mistake in <filename>rc.conf</filename>, or another startup file, " -"and now I cannot edit it because the file system is read-only. What should I " +"I made a mistake in <filename>rc.conf</filename>, or another startup file, and now I cannot edit it because the file system is read-only. What should I " "do?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3637 msgid "" -"Restart the system using <userinput>boot -s</userinput> at the loader prompt " -"to enter single-user mode. When prompted for a shell pathname, press " -"<keycap>Enter</keycap> and run <command>mount -urw /</command> to re-mount " -"the root file system in read/write mode. You may also need to run " -"<command>mount -a -t ufs</command> to mount the file system where your " -"favorite editor is defined. If that editor is on a network file system, " -"either configure the network manually before mounting the network file " -"systems, or use an editor which resides on a local file system, such as " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>." +"Restart the system using <userinput>boot -s</userinput> at the loader prompt to enter single-user mode. When prompted for a shell pathname, press " +"<keycap>Enter</keycap> and run <command>mount -urw /</command> to re-mount the root file system in read/write mode. You may also need to run " +"<command>mount -a -t ufs</command> to mount the file system where your favorite editor is defined. If that editor is on a network file system, either " +"configure the network manually before mounting the network file systems, or use an editor which resides on a local file system, such as " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3650 msgid "" -"In order to use a full screen editor such as " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> or <citerefentry vendor=\"ports\"><refentrytitle>emacs</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, run <command>export " -"TERM=xterm</command> so that these editors can load the correct data from " -"the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>termcap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> database." +"In order to use a full screen editor such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry " +"vendor=\"ports\"><refentrytitle>emacs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, run <command>export TERM=xterm</command> so that these " +"editors can load the correct data from the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>termcap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> database." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3656 msgid "" -"After performing these steps, edit <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> to fix " -"the syntax error. The error message displayed immediately after the kernel " -"boot messages should indicate the number of the line in the file which is at " -"fault." +"After performing these steps, edit <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> to fix the syntax error. The error message displayed immediately after the kernel " +"boot messages should indicate the number of the line in the file which is at fault." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -4855,9 +3945,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3671 msgid "" -"See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" -"handbook/printing.html\">Handbook entry on printing</link> for " -"troubleshooting tips." +"See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/printing.html\">Handbook entry on printing</link> for troubleshooting " +"tips." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -4868,10 +3957,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3684 msgid "" -"Refer to the Handbook section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" -"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/using-localization.html\">using localization</" -"link>, specifically the section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" -"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/using-localization.html#setting-console" +"Refer to the Handbook section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/using-localization.html\">using localization</" +"link>, specifically the section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/using-localization.html#setting-console" "\">console setup</link>." msgstr "" @@ -4883,9 +3970,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:3698 msgid "" -"It is possible that the kernel is not configured to use quotas. In this " -"case, add the following line to the kernel configuration file and recompile " -"the kernel:" +"It is possible that the kernel is not configured to use quotas. In this case, add the following line to the kernel configuration file and recompile the " +"kernel:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting @@ -4897,8 +3983,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:3705 msgid "" -"Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" -"handbook/quotas.html\">Handbook entry on quotas</link> for full details." +"Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/quotas.html\">Handbook entry on quotas</link> for full details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para @@ -4908,8 +3993,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:3715 -msgid "" -"Put the quota file on the file system that the quotas are to be enforced on:" +msgid "Put the quota file on the file system that the quotas are to be enforced on:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry @@ -4955,12 +4039,9 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3760 msgid "" -"Yes, FreeBSD supports System V-style IPC, including shared memory, messages " -"and semaphores, in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel. With a custom " -"kernel, support may be loaded with the <filename>sysvshm.ko</filename>, " -"<filename>sysvsem.ko</filename> and <filename>sysvmsg.ko</filename> kernel " -"modules, or enabled in the custom kernel by adding the following lines to " -"the kernel configuration file:" +"Yes, FreeBSD supports System V-style IPC, including shared memory, messages and semaphores, in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel. With a custom " +"kernel, support may be loaded with the <filename>sysvshm.ko</filename>, <filename>sysvsem.ko</filename> and <filename>sysvmsg.ko</filename> kernel " +"modules, or enabled in the custom kernel by adding the following lines to the kernel configuration file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -4979,81 +4060,60 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3780 -msgid "" -"What other mail-server software can I use instead of <application>Sendmail</" -"application>?" +msgid "What other mail-server software can I use instead of <application>Sendmail</application>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3785 msgid "" -"The <link xlink:href=\"http://www.sendmail.org/\"><application>Sendmail</" -"application></link> server is the default mail-server software for FreeBSD, " -"but it can be replaced with another MTA installed from the Ports Collection. " -"Available ports include <package>mail/exim</package>, <package>mail/postfix</" -"package>, and <package>mail/qmail</package>. Search the mailing lists for " -"discussions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the available MTAs." +"The <link xlink:href=\"http://www.sendmail.org/\"><application>Sendmail</application></link> server is the default mail-server software for FreeBSD, " +"but it can be replaced with another MTA installed from the Ports Collection. Available ports include <package>mail/exim</package>, <package>mail/" +"postfix</package>, and <package>mail/qmail</package>. Search the mailing lists for discussions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the " +"available MTAs." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3799 -msgid "" -"I have forgotten the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> " -"password! What do I do?" +msgid "I have forgotten the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> password! What do I do?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3804 msgid "" -"Do not panic! Restart the system, type <userinput>boot -s</userinput> at the " -"<literal>Boot:</literal> prompt to enter single-user mode. At the question " -"about the shell to use, hit <keycap>Enter</keycap> which will display a " -"<prompt>#</prompt> prompt. Enter <command>mount -urw /</command> to remount " -"the root file system read/write, then run <command>mount -a</command> to " -"remount all the file systems. Run <command>passwd root</command> to change " -"the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> password then run " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"Do not panic! Restart the system, type <userinput>boot -s</userinput> at the <literal>Boot:</literal> prompt to enter single-user mode. At the question " +"about the shell to use, hit <keycap>Enter</keycap> which will display a <prompt>#</prompt> prompt. Enter <command>mount -urw /</command> to remount the " +"root file system read/write, then run <command>mount -a</command> to remount all the file systems. Run <command>passwd root</command> to change the " +"<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> password then run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>exit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" "citerefentry> to continue booting." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para #: book.translate.xml:3817 msgid "" -"If you are still prompted to give the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</" -"systemitem> password when entering the single-user mode, it means that the " -"console has been marked as <literal>insecure</literal> in <filename>/etc/" -"ttys</filename>. In this case, it will be required to boot from a FreeBSD " -"installation disk, choose the <guimenuitem>Live CD</guimenuitem> or " -"<guimenuitem>Shell</guimenuitem> at the beginning of the install process and " -"issue the commands mentioned above. Mount the specific partition in this " -"case and then chroot to it. For example, replace <command>mount -urw /</" -"command> with <command>mount /dev/ada0p1 /mnt; chroot /mnt</command> for a " -"system on <replaceable>ada0p1</replaceable>." +"If you are still prompted to give the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> password when entering the single-user mode, it means that the " +"console has been marked as <literal>insecure</literal> in <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. In this case, it will be required to boot from a FreeBSD " +"installation disk, choose the <guimenuitem>Live CD</guimenuitem> or <guimenuitem>Shell</guimenuitem> at the beginning of the install process and issue " +"the commands mentioned above. Mount the specific partition in this case and then chroot to it. For example, replace <command>mount -urw /</command> " +"with <command>mount /dev/ada0p1 /mnt; chroot /mnt</command> for a system on <replaceable>ada0p1</replaceable>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para #: book.translate.xml:3834 msgid "" -"If the root partition cannot be mounted from single-user mode, it is " -"possible that the partitions are encrypted and it is impossible to mount " -"them without the access keys. For more information see the section about " -"encrypted disks in the FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" -"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks-encrypting.html\">Handbook</link>." +"If the root partition cannot be mounted from single-user mode, it is possible that the partitions are encrypted and it is impossible to mount them " +"without the access keys. For more information see the section about encrypted disks in the FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks-encrypting.html\">Handbook</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3845 -msgid "" -"How do I keep <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Control</" -"keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Delete</keycap></keycombo> from rebooting " -"the system?" +msgid "How do I keep <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Control</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Delete</keycap></keycombo> from rebooting the system?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3850 msgid "" -"When using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>, the default console driver, build and install a " +"When using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, the default console driver, build and install a " "new kernel with this line in the configuration file:" msgstr "" @@ -5066,9 +4126,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3856 msgid "" -"This can also be done by setting the following " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> which does not require a reboot or kernel recompile:" +"This can also be done by setting the following <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> which does " +"not require a reboot or kernel recompile:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -5080,24 +4139,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para #: book.translate.xml:3863 msgid "" -"The above two methods are exclusive: The " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> does not exist if the kernel is compiled with " -"<literal>SC_DISABLE_REBOOT</literal>." +"The above two methods are exclusive: The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> does not exist if " +"the kernel is compiled with <literal>SC_DISABLE_REBOOT</literal>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3872 -msgid "" -"How do I reformat DOS text files to <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</" -"trademark> ones?" +msgid "How do I reformat DOS text files to <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> ones?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3877 -msgid "" -"Use this <citerefentry><refentrytitle>perl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> command:" +msgid "Use this <citerefentry><refentrytitle>perl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -5109,16 +4162,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3881 msgid "" -"where <replaceable>file(s)</replaceable> is one or more files to process. " -"The modification is done in-place, with the original file stored with a " +"where <replaceable>file(s)</replaceable> is one or more files to process. The modification is done in-place, with the original file stored with a " "<filename>.bak</filename> extension." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3886 -msgid "" -"Alternatively, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tr</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>:" +msgid "Alternatively, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -5130,24 +4180,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3890 msgid "" -"<replaceable>dos-text-file</replaceable> is the file containing DOS text " -"while <replaceable>unix-file</replaceable> will contain the converted " -"output. This can be quite a bit faster than using <command>perl</command>." +"<replaceable>dos-text-file</replaceable> is the file containing DOS text while <replaceable>unix-file</replaceable> will contain the converted output. " +"This can be quite a bit faster than using <command>perl</command>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3896 msgid "" -"Yet another way to reformat DOS text files is to use the <package>converters/" -"dosunix</package> port from the Ports Collection. Consult its documentation " -"about the details." +"Yet another way to reformat DOS text files is to use the <package>converters/dosunix</package> port from the Ports Collection. Consult its " +"documentation about the details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3905 -msgid "" -"How do I re-read <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and re-start <filename>/" -"etc/rc</filename> without a reboot?" +msgid "How do I re-read <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and re-start <filename>/etc/rc</filename> without a reboot?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -5167,80 +4213,60 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3922 msgid "" -"I tried to update my system to the latest <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>, but " -"got <emphasis>-BETA<replaceable>x</replaceable></emphasis>, <emphasis>-RC</" +"I tried to update my system to the latest <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>, but got <emphasis>-BETA<replaceable>x</replaceable></emphasis>, <emphasis>-RC</" "emphasis> or <emphasis>-PRERELEASE</emphasis>! What is going on?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3931 msgid "" -"Short answer: it is just a name. <emphasis>RC</emphasis> stands for " -"<quote>Release Candidate</quote>. It signifies that a release is imminent. " -"In FreeBSD, <emphasis>-PRERELEASE</emphasis> is typically synonymous with " -"the code freeze before a release. (For some releases, the <emphasis>-BETA</" -"emphasis> label was used in the same way as <emphasis>-PRERELEASE</" -"emphasis>.)" +"Short answer: it is just a name. <emphasis>RC</emphasis> stands for <quote>Release Candidate</quote>. It signifies that a release is imminent. In " +"FreeBSD, <emphasis>-PRERELEASE</emphasis> is typically synonymous with the code freeze before a release. (For some releases, the <emphasis>-BETA</" +"emphasis> label was used in the same way as <emphasis>-PRERELEASE</emphasis>.)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3940 msgid "" -"Long answer: FreeBSD derives its releases from one of two places. Major, dot-" -"zero, releases, such as 9.0-RELEASE are branched from the head of the " -"development stream, commonly referred to as <link linkend=\"current\">-" -"CURRENT</link>. Minor releases, such as 6.3-RELEASE or 5.2-RELEASE, have " -"been snapshots of the active <link linkend=\"stable\">-STABLE</link> branch. " -"Starting with 4.3-RELEASE, each release also now has its own branch which " -"can be tracked by people requiring an extremely conservative rate of " -"development (typically only security advisories)." +"Long answer: FreeBSD derives its releases from one of two places. Major, dot-zero, releases, such as 9.0-RELEASE are branched from the head of the " +"development stream, commonly referred to as <link linkend=\"current\">-CURRENT</link>. Minor releases, such as 6.3-RELEASE or 5.2-RELEASE, have been " +"snapshots of the active <link linkend=\"stable\">-STABLE</link> branch. Starting with 4.3-RELEASE, each release also now has its own branch which can " +"be tracked by people requiring an extremely conservative rate of development (typically only security advisories)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3951 msgid "" -"When a release is about to be made, the branch from which it will be derived " -"from has to undergo a certain process. Part of this process is a code " -"freeze. When a code freeze is initiated, the name of the branch is changed " -"to reflect that it is about to become a release. For example, if the branch " -"used to be called 6.2-STABLE, its name will be changed to 6.3-PRERELEASE to " -"signify the code freeze and signify that extra pre-release testing should be " -"happening. Bug fixes can still be committed to be part of the release. When " -"the source code is in shape for the release the name will be changed to 6.3-" -"RC to signify that a release is about to be made from it. Once in the RC " -"stage, only the most critical bugs found can be fixed. Once the release (6.3-" -"RELEASE in this example) and release branch have been made, the branch will " -"be renamed to 6.3-STABLE." +"When a release is about to be made, the branch from which it will be derived from has to undergo a certain process. Part of this process is a code " +"freeze. When a code freeze is initiated, the name of the branch is changed to reflect that it is about to become a release. For example, if the branch " +"used to be called 6.2-STABLE, its name will be changed to 6.3-PRERELEASE to signify the code freeze and signify that extra pre-release testing should " +"be happening. Bug fixes can still be committed to be part of the release. When the source code is in shape for the release the name will be changed to " +"6.3-RC to signify that a release is about to be made from it. Once in the RC stage, only the most critical bugs found can be fixed. Once the release " +"(6.3-RELEASE in this example) and release branch have been made, the branch will be renamed to 6.3-STABLE." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3968 msgid "" -"For more information on version numbers and the various Subversion branches, " -"refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/" +"For more information on version numbers and the various Subversion branches, refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/" "articles/releng/article.html\">Release Engineering</link> article." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:3976 msgid "" -"I tried to install a new kernel, and the " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chflags</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> failed. How do I get around this?" +"I tried to install a new kernel, and the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chflags</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> failed. How do I " +"get around this?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3981 -msgid "" -"Short answer: the security level is greater than 0. Reboot directly to " -"single-user mode to install the kernel." +msgid "Short answer: the security level is greater than 0. Reboot directly to single-user mode to install the kernel." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3985 -msgid "" -"Long answer: FreeBSD disallows changing system flags at security levels " -"greater than 0. To check the current security level:" +msgid "Long answer: FreeBSD disallows changing system flags at security levels greater than 0. To check the current security level:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -5252,50 +4278,34 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:3991 msgid "" -"The security level cannot be lowered in multi-user mode, so boot to single-" -"user mode to install the kernel, or change the security level in <filename>/" -"etc/rc.conf</filename> then reboot. See the " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> manual page for details on <literal>securelevel</literal>, and " -"see <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> and the " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for more information on <filename>rc." -"conf</filename>." +"The security level cannot be lowered in multi-user mode, so boot to single-user mode to install the kernel, or change the security level in <filename>/" +"etc/rc.conf</filename> then reboot. See the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for " +"details on <literal>securelevel</literal>, and see <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> and the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc.conf</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for more information on <filename>rc.conf</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:4005 -msgid "" -"I cannot change the time on my system by more than one second! How do I get " -"around this?" +msgid "I cannot change the time on my system by more than one second! How do I get around this?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4010 -msgid "" -"Short answer: the system is at a security level greater than 1. Reboot " -"directly to single-user mode to change the date." +msgid "Short answer: the system is at a security level greater than 1. Reboot directly to single-user mode to change the date." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4014 -msgid "" -"Long answer: FreeBSD disallows changing the time by more that one second at " -"security levels greater than 1. To check the security level:" +msgid "Long answer: FreeBSD disallows changing the time by more that one second at security levels greater than 1. To check the security level:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4020 msgid "" -"The security level cannot be lowered in multi-user mode. Either boot to " -"single-user mode to change the date or change the security level in " -"<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and reboot. See the " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> manual page for details on <literal>securelevel</literal>, and " -"see <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> and the " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for more information on <filename>rc." -"conf</filename>." +"The security level cannot be lowered in multi-user mode. Either boot to single-user mode to change the date or change the security level in <filename>/" +"etc/rc.conf</filename> and reboot. See the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for " +"details on <literal>securelevel</literal>, and see <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> and the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc.conf</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for more information on <filename>rc.conf</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -5306,27 +4316,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4039 msgid "" -"No, there is no memory leak, and it is not using 256 MB of memory. For " -"convenience, <command>rpc.statd</command> maps an obscene amount of memory " -"into its address space. There is nothing terribly wrong with this from a " -"technical standpoint; it just throws off things like " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</" +"No, there is no memory leak, and it is not using 256 MB of memory. For convenience, <command>rpc.statd</command> maps an obscene amount of memory into " +"its address space. There is nothing terribly wrong with this from a technical standpoint; it just throws off things like " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</" "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4046 msgid "" -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rpc.statd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> maps its status file (resident on <filename>/var</" -"filename>) into its address space; to save worrying about remapping the " -"status file later when it needs to grow, it maps the status file with a " -"generous size. This is very evident from the source code, where one can see " -"that the length argument to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mmap</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> is " -"<literal>0x10000000</literal>, or one sixteenth of the address space on an " -"IA32, or exactly 256 MB." +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rpc.statd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> maps its status file (resident on <filename>/var</" +"filename>) into its address space; to save worrying about remapping the status file later when it needs to grow, it maps the status file with a " +"generous size. This is very evident from the source code, where one can see that the length argument to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mmap</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> is <literal>0x10000000</literal>, or one sixteenth of the address space on an IA32, or exactly " +"256 MB." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -5337,11 +4340,9 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4064 msgid "" -"The system is running at securelevel greater than 0. Lower the securelevel " -"and try again. For more information, see <link linkend=\"securelevel\">the " -"<acronym>FAQ</acronym> entry on securelevel</link> and the " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> manual page." +"The system is running at securelevel greater than 0. Lower the securelevel and try again. For more information, see <link linkend=\"securelevel\">the " +"<acronym>FAQ</acronym> entry on securelevel</link> and the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> " +"manual page." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -5352,16 +4353,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4078 msgid "" -"<literal>vnlru</literal> flushes and frees vnodes when the system hits the " -"<varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname> limit. This kernel thread sits mostly " -"idle, and only activates when there is a huge amount of RAM and users are " -"accessing tens of thousands of tiny files." +"<literal>vnlru</literal> flushes and frees vnodes when the system hits the <varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname> limit. This kernel thread sits mostly " +"idle, and only activates when there is a huge amount of RAM and users are accessing tens of thousands of tiny files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:4088 -msgid "" -"What do the various memory states displayed by <command>top</command> mean?" +msgid "What do the various memory states displayed by <command>top</command> mean?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para @@ -5377,52 +4375,38 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:4106 msgid "" -"<literal>Cache</literal>: (most often) pages that have percolated from " -"inactive to a status where they maintain their data, but can often be " -"immediately reused (either with their old association, or reused with a new " -"association). There can be certain immediate transitions from " -"<literal>active</literal> to <literal>cache</literal> state if the page is " -"known to be clean (unmodified), but that transition is a matter of policy, " +"<literal>Cache</literal>: (most often) pages that have percolated from inactive to a status where they maintain their data, but can often be " +"immediately reused (either with their old association, or reused with a new association). There can be certain immediate transitions from " +"<literal>active</literal> to <literal>cache</literal> state if the page is known to be clean (unmodified), but that transition is a matter of policy, " "depending upon the algorithm choice of the VM system maintainer." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:4119 msgid "" -"<literal>Free</literal>: pages without data content, and can be immediately " -"used in certain circumstances where cache pages might be ineligible. Free " +"<literal>Free</literal>: pages without data content, and can be immediately used in certain circumstances where cache pages might be ineligible. Free " "pages can be reused at interrupt or process state." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:4127 -msgid "" -"<literal>Wired</literal>: pages that are fixed into memory, usually for " -"kernel purposes, but also sometimes for special use in processes." +msgid "<literal>Wired</literal>: pages that are fixed into memory, usually for kernel purposes, but also sometimes for special use in processes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4133 msgid "" -"Pages are most often written to disk (sort of a VM sync) when they are in " -"the inactive state, but active pages can also be synced. This depends upon " -"the CPU tracking of the modified bit being available, and in certain " -"situations there can be an advantage for a block of VM pages to be synced, " -"whether they are active or inactive. In most common cases, it is best to " -"think of the inactive queue to be a queue of relatively unused pages that " -"might or might not be in the process of being written to disk. Cached pages " -"are already synced, not mapped, but available for immediate process use with " -"their old association or with a new association. Free pages are available at " -"interrupt level, but cached or free pages can be used at process state for " -"reuse. Cache pages are not adequately locked to be available at interrupt " -"level." +"Pages are most often written to disk (sort of a VM sync) when they are in the inactive state, but active pages can also be synced. This depends upon " +"the CPU tracking of the modified bit being available, and in certain situations there can be an advantage for a block of VM pages to be synced, whether " +"they are active or inactive. In most common cases, it is best to think of the inactive queue to be a queue of relatively unused pages that might or " +"might not be in the process of being written to disk. Cached pages are already synced, not mapped, but available for immediate process use with their " +"old association or with a new association. Free pages are available at interrupt level, but cached or free pages can be used at process state for " +"reuse. Cache pages are not adequately locked to be available at interrupt level." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4150 -msgid "" -"There are some other flags (e.g., busy flag or busy count) that might modify " -"some of the described rules." +msgid "There are some other flags (e.g., busy flag or busy count) that might modify some of the described rules." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -5433,16 +4417,11 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4163 msgid "" -"There are a couple of kinds of <quote>free memory</quote>. One kind is the " -"amount of memory immediately available without paging anything else out. " -"That is approximately the size of cache queue + size of free queue (with a " -"derating factor, depending upon system tuning). Another kind of <quote>free " -"memory</quote> is the total amount of <acronym>VM</acronym> space. That can " -"be complex, but is dependent upon the amount of swap space and memory. Other " -"kinds of <quote>free memory</quote> descriptions are also possible, but it " -"is relatively useless to define these, but rather it is important to make " -"sure that the paging rate is kept low, and to avoid running out of swap " -"space." +"There are a couple of kinds of <quote>free memory</quote>. One kind is the amount of memory immediately available without paging anything else out. " +"That is approximately the size of cache queue + size of free queue (with a derating factor, depending upon system tuning). Another kind of <quote>free " +"memory</quote> is the total amount of <acronym>VM</acronym> space. That can be complex, but is dependent upon the amount of swap space and memory. " +"Other kinds of <quote>free memory</quote> descriptions are also possible, but it is relatively useless to define these, but rather it is important to " +"make sure that the paging rate is kept low, and to avoid running out of swap space." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -5453,27 +4432,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4185 msgid "" -"<filename>/var/empty</filename> is a directory that the " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> program uses when performing privilege separation. The " -"<filename>/var/empty</filename> directory is empty, owned by <systemitem " -"class=\"username\">root</systemitem> and has the <literal>schg</literal> " -"flag set. This directory should not be deleted." +"<filename>/var/empty</filename> is a directory that the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> " +"program uses when performing privilege separation. The <filename>/var/empty</filename> directory is empty, owned by <systemitem class=\"username" +"\">root</systemitem> and has the <literal>schg</literal> flag set. This directory should not be deleted." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:4196 -msgid "" -"I just changed <filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf</filename>. How can I check if " -"it does what I expect?" +msgid "I just changed <filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf</filename>. How can I check if it does what I expect?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4202 -msgid "" -"To see what <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newsyslog</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> will do, use the " -"following:" +msgid "To see what <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newsyslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> will do, use the following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -5489,9 +4460,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4216 -msgid "" -"Use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tzsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>." +msgid "Use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tzsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title @@ -5507,21 +4476,16 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4232 msgid "" -"The X Window System (commonly <literal>X11</literal>) is the most widely " -"available windowing system capable of running on <trademark class=" -"\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> or <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</" -"trademark> like systems, including FreeBSD. <link xlink:href=\"http://www.x." -"org/wiki/\">The X.Org Foundation</link> administers the <link xlink:href=" -"\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System_core_protocol\">X protocol " -"standards</link>, with the current reference implementation, version 11 " -"release 7.7, so references are often shortened to <literal>X11</literal>." +"The X Window System (commonly <literal>X11</literal>) is the most widely available windowing system capable of running on <trademark class=\"registered" +"\">UNIX</trademark> or <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> like systems, including FreeBSD. <link xlink:href=\"http://www.x.org/wiki/" +"\">The X.Org Foundation</link> administers the <link xlink:href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System_core_protocol\">X protocol standards</" +"link>, with the current reference implementation, version 11 release 7.7, so references are often shortened to <literal>X11</literal>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4242 msgid "" -"Many implementations are available for different architectures and operating " -"systems. An implementation of the server-side code is properly known as an " +"Many implementations are available for different architectures and operating systems. An implementation of the server-side code is properly known as an " "<literal>X server</literal>." msgstr "" @@ -5537,16 +4501,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4257 -msgid "" -"Use the <package>x11/xorg</package> meta-port, which builds and installs " -"every Xorg component." +msgid "Use the <package>x11/xorg</package> meta-port, which builds and installs every Xorg component." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4261 -msgid "" -"Use <package>x11/xorg-minimal</package>, which builds and installs only the " -"necessary Xorg components." +msgid "Use <package>x11/xorg-minimal</package>, which builds and installs only the necessary Xorg components." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -5563,46 +4523,38 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4268 msgid "" -"After the installation of Xorg, follow the instructions from the <link xlink:" -"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x-config.html" +"After the installation of Xorg, follow the instructions from the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x-config.html" "\">X11 Configuration</link> section of the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:4277 msgid "" -"I <emphasis>tried</emphasis> to run X, but I get a <errorname>No devices " -"detected.</errorname> error when I type <command>startx</command>. What do I " +"I <emphasis>tried</emphasis> to run X, but I get a <errorname>No devices detected.</errorname> error when I type <command>startx</command>. What do I " "do now?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4283 msgid "" -"The system is probably running at a raised <literal>securelevel</literal>. " -"It is not possible to start X at a raised <literal>securelevel</literal> " -"because X requires write access to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>io</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For more information, " -"see at the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page." +"The system is probably running at a raised <literal>securelevel</literal>. It is not possible to start X at a raised <literal>securelevel</literal> " +"because X requires write access to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>io</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For more information, see at " +"the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4289 msgid "" -"There are two solutions to the problem: set the <literal>securelevel</" -"literal> back down to zero or run <citerefentry vendor=" -"\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> (or an alternative display manager) at boot time before the " +"There are two solutions to the problem: set the <literal>securelevel</literal> back down to zero or run <citerefentry vendor=" +"\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> (or an alternative display manager) at boot time before the " "<literal>securelevel</literal> is raised." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4295 msgid "" -"See <xref linkend=\"xdm-boot\"/> for more information about running " -"<citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> at boot time." +"See <xref linkend=\"xdm-boot\"/> for more information about running <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> at boot time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -5613,27 +4565,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4306 msgid "" -"When using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>, the default console driver, FreeBSD can be " -"configured to support a mouse pointer on each virtual screen. To avoid " -"conflicting with X, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> supports a virtual " -"device called <filename>/dev/sysmouse</filename>. All mouse events received " -"from the real mouse device are written to the " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysmouse</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> device via <citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. To use the mouse on " -"one or more virtual consoles, <emphasis>and</emphasis> use X, see <xref " -"linkend=\"moused\" remap=\"another section\"/> and set up " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>." +"When using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, the default console driver, FreeBSD can be " +"configured to support a mouse pointer on each virtual screen. To avoid conflicting with X, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> supports a virtual device called <filename>/dev/sysmouse</filename>. All mouse events received " +"from the real mouse device are written to the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysmouse</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> device via " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. To use the mouse on one or more virtual consoles, " +"<emphasis>and</emphasis> use X, see <xref linkend=\"moused\" remap=\"another section\"/> and set up <citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4317 -msgid "" -"Then edit <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> and make sure the " -"following lines exist:" +msgid "Then edit <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> and make sure the following lines exist:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -5649,10 +4592,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4325 msgid "" -"Starting with Xorg version 7.4, the <literal>InputDevice</literal> sections " -"in <filename>xorg.conf</filename> are ignored in favor of autodetected " -"devices. To restore the old behavior, add the following line to the " -"<literal>ServerLayout</literal> or <literal>ServerFlags</literal> section:" +"Starting with Xorg version 7.4, the <literal>InputDevice</literal> sections in <filename>xorg.conf</filename> are ignored in favor of autodetected " +"devices. To restore the old behavior, add the following line to the <literal>ServerLayout</literal> or <literal>ServerFlags</literal> section:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -5664,13 +4605,9 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4334 msgid "" -"Some people prefer to use <filename>/dev/mouse</filename> under X. To make " -"this work, <filename>/dev/mouse</filename> should be linked to <filename>/" -"dev/sysmouse</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysmouse</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>) by adding the " -"following line to <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename> (see " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>devfs.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>):" +"Some people prefer to use <filename>/dev/mouse</filename> under X. To make this work, <filename>/dev/mouse</filename> should be linked to <filename>/" +"dev/sysmouse</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysmouse</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>) by adding the following line " +"to <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>devfs.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>):" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -5682,10 +4619,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4344 msgid "" -"This link can be created by restarting <citerefentry vendor=\"current" -"\"><refentrytitle>devfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> with the following command (as <systemitem class=\"username" -"\">root</systemitem>):" +"This link can be created by restarting <citerefentry vendor=\"current\"><refentrytitle>devfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> " +"with the following command (as <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>):" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -5702,10 +4637,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4357 msgid "" -"Yes, if X is configured for a 5 button mouse. To do this, add the lines " -"<literal>Buttons 5</literal> and <literal>ZAxisMapping 4 5</literal> to the " -"<quote>InputDevice</quote> section of <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</" -"filename>, as seen in this example:" +"Yes, if X is configured for a 5 button mouse. To do this, add the lines <literal>Buttons 5</literal> and <literal>ZAxisMapping 4 5</literal> to the " +"<quote>InputDevice</quote> section of <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>, as seen in this example:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -5724,9 +4657,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4373 -msgid "" -"The mouse can be enabled in <application>Emacs</application>by adding these " -"lines to <filename>~/.emacs</filename>:" +msgid "The mouse can be enabled in <application>Emacs</application>by adding these lines to <filename>~/.emacs</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -5750,16 +4681,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4393 -msgid "" -"In order to use the Xorg synaptics driver, first remove " -"<literal>moused_enable</literal> from <filename>rc.conf</filename>." +msgid "In order to use the Xorg synaptics driver, first remove <literal>moused_enable</literal> from <filename>rc.conf</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4397 -msgid "" -"To enable synaptics, add the following line to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</" -"filename>:" +msgid "To enable synaptics, add the following line to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -5787,9 +4714,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4412 -msgid "" -"And be sure to add the following into the <quote>ServerLayout</quote> " -"section:" +msgid "And be sure to add the following into the <quote>ServerLayout</quote> section:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -5805,16 +4730,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4425 -msgid "" -"For security reasons, the default setting is to not allow a machine to " -"remotely open a window." +msgid "For security reasons, the default setting is to not allow a machine to remotely open a window." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4428 -msgid "" -"To enable this feature, start <application>X</application> with the optional " -"<option>-listen_tcp</option> argument:" +msgid "To enable this feature, start <application>X</application> with the optional <option>-listen_tcp</option> argument:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -5831,48 +4752,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4443 msgid "" -"Virtual consoles provide several simultaneous sessions on the same machine " -"without doing anything complicated like setting up a network or running X." +"Virtual consoles provide several simultaneous sessions on the same machine without doing anything complicated like setting up a network or running X." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4448 msgid "" -"When the system starts, it will display a login prompt on the monitor after " -"displaying all the boot messages. Type in your login name and password to " +"When the system starts, it will display a login prompt on the monitor after displaying all the boot messages. Type in your login name and password to " "start working on the first virtual console." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4454 msgid "" -"To start another session, perhaps to look at documentation for a program or " -"to read mail while waiting for an FTP transfer to finish, hold down " -"<keycap>Alt</keycap> and press <keycap>F2</keycap>. This will display the " -"login prompt for the second virtual console. To go back to the original " -"session, press <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</" -"keycap></keycombo>." +"To start another session, perhaps to look at documentation for a program or to read mail while waiting for an FTP transfer to finish, hold down " +"<keycap>Alt</keycap> and press <keycap>F2</keycap>. This will display the login prompt for the second virtual console. To go back to the original " +"session, press <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4464 msgid "" -"The default FreeBSD installation has eight virtual consoles enabled. " -"<keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></" -"keycombo>, <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</" -"keycap></keycombo>, <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</" -"keycap><keycap>F3</keycap></keycombo>, and so on will switch between these " -"virtual consoles." +"The default FreeBSD installation has eight virtual consoles enabled. <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>, " +"<keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo>, <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F3</keycap></" +"keycombo>, and so on will switch between these virtual consoles." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4471 msgid "" -"To enable more of virtual consoles, edit <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> (see " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ttys</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>) and add entries for <filename>ttyv8</filename> to " -"<filename>ttyvc</filename>, after the comment on <quote>Virtual terminals</" -"quote>:" +"To enable more of virtual consoles, edit <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ttys</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>) and add entries for <filename>ttyv8</filename> to <filename>ttyvc</filename>, after the comment on <quote>Virtual terminals</quote>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -5890,25 +4800,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4484 msgid "" -"The more virtual terminals, the more resources that are used. This can be " -"problematic on systems with 8 MB RAM or less. Consider changing " +"The more virtual terminals, the more resources that are used. This can be problematic on systems with 8 MB RAM or less. Consider changing " "<literal>secure</literal> to <literal>insecure</literal>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: important/para #: book.translate.xml:4491 msgid "" -"In order to run an X server, at least one virtual terminal must be left to " -"<literal>off</literal> for it to use. This means that only eleven of the Alt-" -"function keys can be used as virtual consoles so that one is left for the X " -"server." +"In order to run an X server, at least one virtual terminal must be left to <literal>off</literal> for it to use. This means that only eleven of the Alt-" +"function keys can be used as virtual consoles so that one is left for the X server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4498 -msgid "" -"For example, to run X and eleven virtual consoles, the setting for virtual " -"terminal 12 should be:" +msgid "For example, to run X and eleven virtual consoles, the setting for virtual terminal 12 should be:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -5930,30 +4835,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4514 msgid "" -"Use <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</" -"keycap><keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap></keycombo> to switch " -"back to a virtual console. Press <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</" -"keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo> to return to the " -"first virtual console." +"Use <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap></keycombo> to switch back to a " +"virtual console. Press <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo> to return to the first " +"virtual console." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4518 msgid "" -"Once at a text console, use <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</" -"keycap><keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap></keycombo> to move " -"between them." +"Once at a text console, use <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap></keycombo> to move between " +"them." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4522 msgid "" -"To return to the X session, switch to the virtual console running X. If X " -"was started from the command line using <command>startx</command>, the X " -"session will attach to the next unused virtual console, not the text console " -"from which it was invoked. For eight active virtual terminals, X will run on " -"the ninth, so use <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F9</" -"keycap></keycombo>." +"To return to the X session, switch to the virtual console running X. If X was started from the command line using <command>startx</command>, the X " +"session will attach to the next unused virtual console, not the text console from which it was invoked. For eight active virtual terminals, X will run " +"on the ninth, so use <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F9</keycap></keycombo>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -5964,52 +4863,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4539 msgid "" -"There are two schools of thought on how to start <citerefentry vendor=" -"\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>. One school starts <command>xdm</command> from <filename>/etc/" -"ttys</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ttys</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) using the supplied " -"example, while the other runs <command>xdm</command> from <filename>rc." -"local</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>) or from an " -"<filename>X</filename> script in <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename>. " -"Both are equally valid, and one may work in situations where the other does " -"not. In both cases the result is the same: X will pop up a graphical login " -"prompt." +"There are two schools of thought on how to start <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>. One school starts <command>xdm</command> from <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ttys</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) using the supplied example, while the other runs <command>xdm</command> from <filename>rc.local</" +"filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>) or from an <filename>X</filename> script in " +"<filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename>. Both are equally valid, and one may work in situations where the other does not. In both cases the result is " +"the same: X will pop up a graphical login prompt." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4551 msgid "" -"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ttys</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> method has the advantage of documenting which vty " -"X will start on and passing the responsibility of restarting the X server on " -"logout to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>. The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> method makes it easy " -"to <command>kill</command> <command>xdm</command> if there is a problem " -"starting the X server." +"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ttys</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> method has the advantage of documenting which vty X will " +"start on and passing the responsibility of restarting the X server on logout to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>. The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> method makes it easy to " +"<command>kill</command> <command>xdm</command> if there is a problem starting the X server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4558 msgid "" -"If loaded from <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <command>xdm</command> should be started without " -"any arguments. <command>xdm</command> must start <emphasis>after</emphasis> " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> runs, or else <command>getty</command> and <command>xdm</" -"command> will conflict, locking out the console. The best way around this is " -"to have the script sleep 10 seconds or so then launch <command>xdm</command>." +"If loaded from <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <command>xdm</command> should be started without " +"any arguments. <command>xdm</command> must start <emphasis>after</emphasis> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> runs, or else <command>getty</command> and <command>xdm</command> will conflict, locking out the console. The best way around this is to " +"have the script sleep 10 seconds or so then launch <command>xdm</command>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4567 msgid "" -"When starting <command>xdm</command> from <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, " -"there still is a chance of conflict between <command>xdm</command> and " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>. One way to avoid this is to add the <literal>vt</literal> " +"When starting <command>xdm</command> from <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, there still is a chance of conflict between <command>xdm</command> and " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. One way to avoid this is to add the <literal>vt</literal> " "number in <filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers</filename>:" msgstr "" @@ -6022,43 +4906,34 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4576 msgid "" -"The above example will direct the X server to run in <filename>/dev/ttyv3</" -"filename>. Note the number is offset by one. The X server counts the vty " +"The above example will direct the X server to run in <filename>/dev/ttyv3</filename>. Note the number is offset by one. The X server counts the vty " "from one, whereas the FreeBSD kernel numbers the vty from zero." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:4585 -msgid "" -"Why do I get <errorname>Couldn't open console</errorname> when I run " -"<command>xconsole</command>?" +msgid "Why do I get <errorname>Couldn't open console</errorname> when I run <command>xconsole</command>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4591 msgid "" -"When <application>X</application> is started with <command>startx</command>, " -"the permissions on <filename>/dev/console</filename> will <emphasis>not</" -"emphasis> get changed, resulting in things like <command>xterm -C</command> " -"and <command>xconsole</command> not working." +"When <application>X</application> is started with <command>startx</command>, the permissions on <filename>/dev/console</filename> will <emphasis>not</" +"emphasis> get changed, resulting in things like <command>xterm -C</command> and <command>xconsole</command> not working." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4598 msgid "" -"This is because of the way console permissions are set by default. On a " -"multi-user system, one does not necessarily want just any user to be able to " -"write on the system console. For users who are logging directly onto a " -"machine with a VTY, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fbtab</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file exists to solve " -"such problems." +"This is because of the way console permissions are set by default. On a multi-user system, one does not necessarily want just any user to be able to " +"write on the system console. For users who are logging directly onto a machine with a VTY, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fbtab</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file exists to solve such problems." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4605 msgid "" -"In a nutshell, make sure an uncommented line of the form is in <filename>/" -"etc/fbtab</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fbtab</" +"In a nutshell, make sure an uncommented line of the form is in <filename>/etc/fbtab</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fbtab</" "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>):" msgstr "" @@ -6070,9 +4945,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4611 -msgid "" -"It will ensure that whomever logs in on <filename>/dev/ttyv0</filename> will " -"own the console." +msgid "It will ensure that whomever logs in on <filename>/dev/ttyv0</filename> will own the console." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -6083,8 +4956,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4623 msgid "" -"The mouse and the mouse driver may have become out of synchronization. In " -"rare cases, the driver may also erroneously report synchronization errors:" +"The mouse and the mouse driver may have become out of synchronization. In rare cases, the driver may also erroneously report synchronization errors:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -6096,10 +4968,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4629 msgid "" -"If this happens, disable the synchronization check code by setting the " -"driver flags for the PS/2 mouse driver to <literal>0x100</literal>. This can " -"be easiest achieved by adding <literal>hint.psm.0.flags=\"0x100\"</literal> " -"to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> and rebooting." +"If this happens, disable the synchronization check code by setting the driver flags for the PS/2 mouse driver to <literal>0x100</literal>. This can be " +"easiest achieved by adding <literal>hint.psm.0.flags=\"0x100\"</literal> to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> and rebooting." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -6110,8 +4980,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4644 msgid "" -"Type <command>xmodmap -e \"pointer = 3 2 1\"</command>. Add this command to " -"<filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> or <filename>~/.xsession</filename> to make " +"Type <command>xmodmap -e \"pointer = 3 2 1\"</command>. Add this command to <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> or <filename>~/.xsession</filename> to make " "it happen automatically." msgstr "" @@ -6123,8 +4992,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4659 msgid "" -"The detailed answer for this question can be found in the <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/boot-splash.html" +"The detailed answer for this question can be found in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/boot-splash.html" "\">Boot Time Splash Screens</link> section of the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "" @@ -6136,37 +5004,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4673 msgid "" -"Yes. Use <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xmodmap</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to define which " -"functions the keys should perform." +"Yes. Use <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xmodmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to define which functions the " +"keys should perform." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4676 -msgid "" -"Assuming all Windows keyboards are standard, the keycodes for these three " -"keys are the following:" +msgid "Assuming all Windows keyboards are standard, the keycodes for these three keys are the following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:4682 -msgid "" -"<keycode>115</keycode> — <keycap>Windows</keycap> key, between the left-hand " -"<keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and <keycap>Alt</keycap> keys" +msgid "<keycode>115</keycode> — <keycap>Windows</keycap> key, between the left-hand <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and <keycap>Alt</keycap> keys" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:4689 -msgid "" -"<keycode>116</keycode> — <keycap>Windows</keycap> key, to the right of " -"<keycap>AltGr</keycap>" +msgid "<keycode>116</keycode> — <keycap>Windows</keycap> key, to the right of <keycap>AltGr</keycap>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:4695 -msgid "" -"<keycode>117</keycode> — <keycap>Menu</keycap>, to the left of the right-" -"hand <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>" +msgid "<keycode>117</keycode> — <keycap>Menu</keycap>, to the left of the right-hand <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -6183,11 +5042,9 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4706 msgid "" -"To have the <keycap>Windows</keycap> key-mappings enabled automatically " -"every time X is started, either put the <command>xmodmap</command> commands " -"in <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> or, preferably, create a <filename>~/." -"xmodmaprc</filename> and include the <command>xmodmap</command> options, one " -"per line, then add the following line to <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename>:" +"To have the <keycap>Windows</keycap> key-mappings enabled automatically every time X is started, either put the <command>xmodmap</command> commands in " +"<filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> or, preferably, create a <filename>~/.xmodmaprc</filename> and include the <command>xmodmap</command> options, one per " +"line, then add the following line to <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -6199,9 +5056,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4717 msgid "" -"For example, to map the 3 keys to be <keycap>F13</keycap>, <keycap>F14</" -"keycap>, and <keycap>F15</keycap>, respectively. This would make it easy to " -"map them to useful functions within applications or the window manager." +"For example, to map the 3 keys to be <keycap>F13</keycap>, <keycap>F14</keycap>, and <keycap>F15</keycap>, respectively. This would make it easy to map " +"them to useful functions within applications or the window manager." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -6221,19 +5077,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4730 msgid "" -"For the <package>x11-wm/fvwm2</package> desktop manager, one could map the " -"keys so that <keycap>F13</keycap> iconifies or de-iconifies the window the " -"cursor is in, <keycap>F14</keycap> brings the window the cursor is in to the " -"front or, if it is already at the front, pushes it to the back, and " -"<keycap>F15</keycap> pops up the main Workplace menu even if the cursor is " -"not on the desktop, which is useful when no part of the desktop is visible." +"For the <package>x11-wm/fvwm2</package> desktop manager, one could map the keys so that <keycap>F13</keycap> iconifies or de-iconifies the window the " +"cursor is in, <keycap>F14</keycap> brings the window the cursor is in to the front or, if it is already at the front, pushes it to the back, and " +"<keycap>F15</keycap> pops up the main Workplace menu even if the cursor is not on the desktop, which is useful when no part of the desktop is visible." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4741 -msgid "" -"The following entries in <filename>~/.fvwmrc</filename> implement the " -"aforementioned setup:" +msgid "The following entries in <filename>~/.fvwmrc</filename> implement the aforementioned setup:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -6247,57 +5098,44 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:4753 -msgid "" -"How can I get 3D hardware acceleration for <trademark class=\"registered" -"\">OpenGL</trademark>?" +msgid "How can I get 3D hardware acceleration for <trademark class=\"registered\">OpenGL</trademark>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4758 msgid "" -"The availability of 3D acceleration depends on the version of Xorg and the " -"type of video chip. For an nVidia chip, use the binary drivers provided for " +"The availability of 3D acceleration depends on the version of Xorg and the type of video chip. For an nVidia chip, use the binary drivers provided for " "FreeBSD by installing one of the following ports:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4764 -msgid "" -"The latest versions of nVidia cards are supported by the <package>x11/nvidia-" -"driver</package> port." +msgid "The latest versions of nVidia cards are supported by the <package>x11/nvidia-driver</package> port." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4768 -msgid "" -"Older drivers are available as <package>x11/nvidia-driver-<replaceable>###</" -"replaceable></package>" +msgid "Older drivers are available as <package>x11/nvidia-driver-<replaceable>###</replaceable></package>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4771 msgid "" -"nVidia provides detailed information on which card is supported by which " -"driver on their web site: <uri xlink:href=\"http://www.nvidia.com/object/" +"nVidia provides detailed information on which card is supported by which driver on their web site: <uri xlink:href=\"http://www.nvidia.com/object/" "IO_32667.html\">http://www.nvidia.com/object/IO_32667.html</uri>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4774 -msgid "" -"For Matrox G200/G400, check the <package>x11-drivers/xf86-video-mga</" -"package> port." +msgid "For Matrox G200/G400, check the <package>x11-drivers/xf86-video-mga</package> port." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4778 msgid "" -"For ATI Rage 128 and Radeon see <citerefentry vendor=\"xorg" -"\"><refentrytitle>ati</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>, <citerefentry vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>r128</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry " -"vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>radeon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>." +"For ATI Rage 128 and Radeon see <citerefentry vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>ati</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry " +"vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>r128</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>radeon</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title @@ -6313,10 +5151,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4796 msgid "" -"<quote>Diskless booting</quote> means that the FreeBSD box is booted over a " -"network, and reads the necessary files from a server instead of its hard " -"disk. For full details, see <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." -"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-diskless.html\">the Handbook entry on " +"<quote>Diskless booting</quote> means that the FreeBSD box is booted over a network, and reads the necessary files from a server instead of its hard " +"disk. For full details, see <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-diskless.html\">the Handbook entry on " "diskless booting</link>." msgstr "" @@ -6328,50 +5164,38 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4811 msgid "" -"Yes. Refer to the Handbook entry on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" -"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking.html\">advanced " -"networking</link>, specifically the section on <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-routing.html" -"\">routing and gateways</link>." +"Yes. Refer to the Handbook entry on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking.html\">advanced " +"networking</link>, specifically the section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-routing.html\">routing " +"and gateways</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:4819 -msgid "" -"Can I connect my <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> box to " -"the Internet via FreeBSD?" +msgid "Can I connect my <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> box to the Internet via FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4824 msgid "" -"Typically, people who ask this question have two PCs at home, one with " -"FreeBSD and one with some version of <trademark class=\"registered" -"\">Windows</trademark> the idea is to use the FreeBSD box to connect to the " -"Internet and then be able to access the Internet from the <trademark class=" -"\"registered\">Windows</trademark> box through the FreeBSD box. This is " -"really just a special case of the previous question and works perfectly well." +"Typically, people who ask this question have two PCs at home, one with FreeBSD and one with some version of <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</" +"trademark> the idea is to use the FreeBSD box to connect to the Internet and then be able to access the Internet from the <trademark class=\"registered" +"\">Windows</trademark> box through the FreeBSD box. This is really just a special case of the previous question and works perfectly well." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4832 msgid "" -"Dialup users must use <option>-nat</option> and set <literal>gateway_enable</" -"literal> to <emphasis>YES</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. " -"For more information, refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> or the <link xlink:" -"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/userppp.html" -"\">Handbook entry on user PPP</link>." +"Dialup users must use <option>-nat</option> and set <literal>gateway_enable</literal> to <emphasis>YES</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. " +"For more information, refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> or the <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/userppp.html\">Handbook entry on user PPP</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4839 msgid "" -"If the connection to the Internet is over Ethernet, use " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>natd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>. A tutorial can be found in the <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls-ipfw." -"html#network-natd\">natd</link> section of the Handbook." +"If the connection to the Internet is over Ethernet, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>natd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. A " +"tutorial can be found in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls-ipfw.html#network-natd\">natd</link> " +"section of the Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -6382,16 +5206,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4851 msgid "" -"Yes. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> provides support for both incoming and outgoing " +"Yes. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> provides support for both incoming and outgoing " "connections." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4854 msgid "" -"For more information on how to use this, refer to the <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip.html" +"For more information on how to use this, refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip.html" "\">Handbook chapter on PPP</link>." msgstr "" @@ -6403,12 +5225,9 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4866 msgid "" -"Yes. For instructions on how to use NAT over a PPP connection, see the <link " -"xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/userppp." -"html\">Handbook entry on PPP</link>. To use NAT over some other sort of " -"network connection, look at the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" -"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls-ipfw.html#network-natd\">natd</" -"link> section of the Handbook." +"Yes. For instructions on how to use NAT over a PPP connection, see the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/userppp." +"html\">Handbook entry on PPP</link>. To use NAT over some other sort of network connection, look at the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls-ipfw.html#network-natd\">natd</link> section of the Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -6418,9 +5237,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4881 -msgid "" -"If the alias is on the same subnet as an address already configured on the " -"interface, add <literal>netmask 0xffffffff</literal> to this command:" +msgid "If the alias is on the same subnet as an address already configured on the interface, add <literal>netmask 0xffffffff</literal> to this command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -6443,23 +5260,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4893 msgid "" -"More information can be found in the FreeBSD <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-virtual-" -"hosts.html\">Handbook</link>." +"More information can be found in the FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-virtual-hosts.html" +"\">Handbook</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:4899 -msgid "" -"Why can I not NFS-mount from a <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</" -"trademark> box?" +msgid "Why can I not NFS-mount from a <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> box?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4903 msgid "" -"Some versions of the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> NFS " -"code only accept mount requests from a privileged port; try to issue the " +"Some versions of the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> NFS code only accept mount requests from a privileged port; try to issue the " "following command:" msgstr "" @@ -6472,22 +5285,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:4913 msgid "" -"Why does <command>mountd</command> keep telling me it <errorname>can't " -"change attributes</errorname> and that I have a <errorname>bad exports list</" +"Why does <command>mountd</command> keep telling me it <errorname>can't change attributes</errorname> and that I have a <errorname>bad exports list</" "errorname> on my FreeBSD NFS server?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4920 msgid "" -"The most frequent problem is not understanding the correct format of " -"<filename>/etc/exports</filename>. Review " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exports</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> and the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" -"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-nfs.html\">NFS</link> entry in the " -"Handbook, especially the section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" -"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-nfs.html#configuring-nfs" -"\">configuring NFS</link>." +"The most frequent problem is not understanding the correct format of <filename>/etc/exports</filename>. Review <citerefentry><refentrytitle>exports</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> and the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-nfs.html" +"\">NFS</link> entry in the Handbook, especially the section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-nfs." +"html#configuring-nfs\">configuring NFS</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -6498,9 +5306,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4934 msgid "" -"Install the <package>net/mrouted</package> package or port and add " -"<literal>mrouted_enable=\"YES\"</literal> to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</" -"filename> start this service at boot time." +"Install the <package>net/mrouted</package> package or port and add <literal>mrouted_enable=\"YES\"</literal> to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> start " +"this service at boot time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -6510,31 +5317,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4949 -msgid "" -"See the answer in the FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." -"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail-trouble.html\">Handbook</link>." +msgid "See the answer in the FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail-trouble.html\">Handbook</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:4955 -msgid "" -"Why do I get an error, <errorname>Permission denied</errorname>, for all " -"networking operations?" +msgid "Why do I get an error, <errorname>Permission denied</errorname>, for all networking operations?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4961 msgid "" -"If the kernel is compiled with the <literal>IPFIREWALL</literal> option, be " -"aware that the default policy is to deny all packets that are not explicitly " -"allowed." +"If the kernel is compiled with the <literal>IPFIREWALL</literal> option, be aware that the default policy is to deny all packets that are not " +"explicitly allowed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4966 msgid "" -"If the firewall is unintentionally misconfigured, restore network " -"operability by typing the following as <systemitem class=\"username\">root</" +"If the firewall is unintentionally misconfigured, restore network operability by typing the following as <systemitem class=\"username\">root</" "systemitem>:" msgstr "" @@ -6546,32 +5347,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4972 -msgid "" -"Consider setting <literal>firewall_type=\"open\"</literal> in <filename>/etc/" -"rc.conf</filename>." +msgid "Consider setting <literal>firewall_type=\"open\"</literal> in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4976 msgid "" -"For further information on configuring this firewall, see the <link xlink:" -"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls-ipfw." +"For further information on configuring this firewall, see the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls-ipfw." "html\">Handbook chapter</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:4984 -msgid "" -"Why is my <command>ipfw</command> <quote>fwd</quote> rule to redirect a " -"service to another machine not working?" +msgid "Why is my <command>ipfw</command> <quote>fwd</quote> rule to redirect a service to another machine not working?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4990 msgid "" -"Possibly because network address translation (NAT) is needed instead of just " -"forwarding packets. A <quote>fwd</quote> rule only forwards packets, it does " -"not actually change the data inside the packet. Consider this rule:" +"Possibly because network address translation (NAT) is needed instead of just forwarding packets. A <quote>fwd</quote> rule only forwards packets, it " +"does not actually change the data inside the packet. Consider this rule:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -6583,26 +5378,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:4998 msgid "" -"When a packet with a destination address of <replaceable>foo</replaceable> " -"arrives at the machine with this rule, the packet is forwarded to " -"<replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable>, but it still has the destination " -"address of <replaceable>foo</replaceable>. The destination address of the " -"packet is not changed to <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable>. Most machines " -"would probably drop a packet that they receive with a destination address " -"that is not their own. Therefore, using a <quote>fwd</quote> rule does not " -"often work the way the user expects. This behavior is a feature and not a " -"bug." +"When a packet with a destination address of <replaceable>foo</replaceable> arrives at the machine with this rule, the packet is forwarded to " +"<replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable>, but it still has the destination address of <replaceable>foo</replaceable>. The destination address of the packet " +"is not changed to <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable>. Most machines would probably drop a packet that they receive with a destination address that is " +"not their own. Therefore, using a <quote>fwd</quote> rule does not often work the way the user expects. This behavior is a feature and not a bug." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5012 msgid "" -"See the <link linkend=\"service-redirect\"><acronym>FAQ</acronym> about " -"redirecting services</link>, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>natd</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual, or one of the " -"several port redirecting utilities in the <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/ports/index.html\">Ports Collection</link> for a correct " -"way to do this." +"See the <link linkend=\"service-redirect\"><acronym>FAQ</acronym> about redirecting services</link>, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>natd</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual, or one of the several port redirecting utilities in the <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/ports/index.html\">Ports Collection</link> for a correct way to do this." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -6613,10 +5400,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5026 msgid "" -"FTP and other service requests can be redirected with the <package>sysutils/" -"socket</package> package or port. Replace the entry for the service in " -"<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> to call <command>socket</command>, as " -"seen in this example for <application>ftpd</application>:" +"FTP and other service requests can be redirected with the <package>sysutils/socket</package> package or port. Replace the entry for the service in " +"<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> to call <command>socket</command>, as seen in this example for <application>ftpd</application>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -6627,9 +5412,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5035 -msgid "" -"where <replaceable>ftp.example.com</replaceable> and <replaceable>ftp</" -"replaceable> are the host and port to redirect to, respectively." +msgid "where <replaceable>ftp.example.com</replaceable> and <replaceable>ftp</replaceable> are the host and port to redirect to, respectively." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -6640,15 +5423,11 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5047 msgid "" -"There are three bandwidth management tools available for FreeBSD. " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dummynet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> is integrated into FreeBSD as part of " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ipfw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>. <link xlink:href=\"http://www.sonycsl.co.jp/person/kjc/" -"programs.html\">ALTQ</link> has been integrated into FreeBSD as part of " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>. Bandwidth Manager from <link xlink:href=\"http://www.etinc." -"com/\">Emerging Technologies</link> is a commercial product." +"There are three bandwidth management tools available for FreeBSD. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dummynet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> is integrated into FreeBSD as part of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ipfw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>. <link " +"xlink:href=\"http://www.sonycsl.co.jp/person/kjc/programs.html\">ALTQ</link> has been integrated into FreeBSD as part of " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Bandwidth Manager from <link xlink:href=\"http://www.etinc.com/" +"\">Emerging Technologies</link> is a commercial product." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -6659,10 +5438,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5063 msgid "" -"The running application requires the Berkeley Packet Filter " -"(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bpf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>), but it was removed from a custom kernel. Add this to the " -"kernel config file and build a new kernel:" +"The running application requires the Berkeley Packet Filter (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bpf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>), " +"but it was removed from a custom kernel. Add this to the kernel config file and build a new kernel:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -6674,59 +5451,46 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:5074 msgid "" -"How do I mount a disk from a <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</" -"trademark> machine that is on my network, like smbmount in <trademark class=" +"How do I mount a disk from a <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> machine that is on my network, like smbmount in <trademark class=" "\"registered\">Linux</trademark>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5079 msgid "" -"Use the <application>SMBFS</application> toolset. It includes a set of " -"kernel modifications and a set of userland programs. The programs and " -"information are available as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount_smbfs</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> in the base system." +"Use the <application>SMBFS</application> toolset. It includes a set of kernel modifications and a set of userland programs. The programs and " +"information are available as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount_smbfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> in the base system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:5089 -msgid "" -"What are these messages about: <errorname>Limiting icmp/open port/closed " -"port response</errorname> in my log files?" +msgid "What are these messages about: <errorname>Limiting icmp/open port/closed port response</errorname> in my log files?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5095 msgid "" -"This kernel message indicates that some activity is provoking it to send a " -"large amount of ICMP or TCP reset (RST) responses. ICMP responses are often " -"generated as a result of attempted connections to unused UDP ports. TCP " -"resets are generated as a result of attempted connections to unopened TCP " -"ports. Among others, these are the kinds of activities which may cause these " -"messages:" +"This kernel message indicates that some activity is provoking it to send a large amount of ICMP or TCP reset (RST) responses. ICMP responses are often " +"generated as a result of attempted connections to unused UDP ports. TCP resets are generated as a result of attempted connections to unopened TCP " +"ports. Among others, these are the kinds of activities which may cause these messages:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:5106 -msgid "" -"Brute-force denial of service (DoS) attacks (as opposed to single-packet " -"attacks which exploit a specific vulnerability)." +msgid "Brute-force denial of service (DoS) attacks (as opposed to single-packet attacks which exploit a specific vulnerability)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:5112 -msgid "" -"Port scans which attempt to connect to a large number of ports (as opposed " -"to only trying a few well-known ports)." +msgid "Port scans which attempt to connect to a large number of ports (as opposed to only trying a few well-known ports)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5118 msgid "" -"The first number in the message indicates how many packets the kernel would " -"have sent if the limit was not in place, and the second indicates the limit. " -"This limit is controlled using <varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim</varname>. " -"This example sets the limit to <literal>300</literal> packets per second:" +"The first number in the message indicates how many packets the kernel would have sent if the limit was not in place, and the second indicates the " +"limit. This limit is controlled using <varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim</varname>. This example sets the limit to <literal>300</literal> packets per " +"second:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -6737,9 +5501,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5128 -msgid "" -"To disable these messages without disabling response limiting, use " -"<varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim_output</varname> to disable the output:" +msgid "To disable these messages without disabling response limiting, use <varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim_output</varname> to disable the output:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -6751,40 +5513,33 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5136 msgid "" -"Finally, to disable response limiting completely, set <varname>net.inet.icmp." -"icmplim</varname> to <literal>0</literal>. Disabling response limiting is " +"Finally, to disable response limiting completely, set <varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim</varname> to <literal>0</literal>. Disabling response limiting is " "discouraged for the reasons listed above." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:5145 -msgid "" -"What are these <errorname>arp: unknown hardware address format</errorname> " -"error messages?" +msgid "What are these <errorname>arp: unknown hardware address format</errorname> error messages?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5150 msgid "" -"This means that some device on the local Ethernet is using a MAC address in " -"a format that FreeBSD does not recognize. This is probably caused by someone " -"experimenting with an Ethernet card somewhere else on the network. This is " -"most commonly seen on cable modem networks. It is harmless, and should not " -"affect the performance of the FreeBSD system." +"This means that some device on the local Ethernet is using a MAC address in a format that FreeBSD does not recognize. This is probably caused by " +"someone experimenting with an Ethernet card somewhere else on the network. This is most commonly seen on cable modem networks. It is harmless, and " +"should not affect the performance of the FreeBSD system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:5162 msgid "" -"Why do I keep seeing messages like: <errorname>192.168.0.10 is on fxp1 but " -"got reply from 00:15:17:67:cf:82 on rl0</errorname>, and how do I disable it?" +"Why do I keep seeing messages like: <errorname>192.168.0.10 is on fxp1 but got reply from 00:15:17:67:cf:82 on rl0</errorname>, and how do I disable it?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5169 msgid "" -"Because a packet is coming from outside the network unexpectedly. To disable " -"them, set <varname>net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_wrong_iface</varname> to " +"Because a packet is coming from outside the network unexpectedly. To disable them, set <varname>net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_wrong_iface</varname> to " "<literal>0</literal>." msgstr "" @@ -6827,100 +5582,78 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:5208 msgid "" -"A process which is placed inside a set of virtual walls that are designed to " -"prevent someone who breaks into the process from being able to break into " +"A process which is placed inside a set of virtual walls that are designed to prevent someone who breaks into the process from being able to break into " "the wider system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:5213 msgid "" -"The process is only able to run inside the walls. Since nothing the process " -"does in regards to executing code is supposed to be able to breach the " -"walls, a detailed audit of its code is not needed in order to be able to say " -"certain things about its security." +"The process is only able to run inside the walls. Since nothing the process does in regards to executing code is supposed to be able to breach the " +"walls, a detailed audit of its code is not needed in order to be able to say certain things about its security." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:5220 msgid "" -"The walls might be a user ID, for example. This is the definition used in " -"the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>security</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>named</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> man pages." +"The walls might be a user ID, for example. This is the definition used in the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>security</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> man pages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:5224 msgid "" -"Take the <literal>ntalk</literal> service, for example (see " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>). This service used to run as user ID <systemitem class=" -"\"username\">root</systemitem>. Now it runs as user ID <systemitem class=" -"\"username\">tty</systemitem>. The <systemitem class=\"username\">tty</" -"systemitem> user is a sandbox designed to make it more difficult for someone " -"who has successfully hacked into the system via <literal>ntalk</literal> " -"from being able to hack beyond that user ID." +"Take the <literal>ntalk</literal> service, for example (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>). " +"This service used to run as user ID <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>. Now it runs as user ID <systemitem class=\"username\">tty</" +"systemitem>. The <systemitem class=\"username\">tty</systemitem> user is a sandbox designed to make it more difficult for someone who has successfully " +"hacked into the system via <literal>ntalk</literal> from being able to hack beyond that user ID." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:5235 msgid "" -"A process which is placed inside a simulation of the machine. It means that " -"someone who is able to break into the process may believe that he can break " -"into the wider machine but is, in fact, only breaking into a simulation of " -"that machine and not modifying any real data." +"A process which is placed inside a simulation of the machine. It means that someone who is able to break into the process may believe that he can break " +"into the wider machine but is, in fact, only breaking into a simulation of that machine and not modifying any real data." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:5242 msgid "" -"The most common way to accomplish this is to build a simulated environment " -"in a subdirectory and then run the processes in that directory chrooted so " -"that <filename>/</filename> for that process is this directory, not the real " -"<filename>/</filename> of the system)." +"The most common way to accomplish this is to build a simulated environment in a subdirectory and then run the processes in that directory chrooted so " +"that <filename>/</filename> for that process is this directory, not the real <filename>/</filename> of the system)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:5249 msgid "" -"Another common use is to mount an underlying file system read-only and then " -"create a file system layer on top of it that gives a process a seemingly " -"writeable view into that file system. The process may believe it is able to " -"write to those files, but only the process sees the effects — other " +"Another common use is to mount an underlying file system read-only and then create a file system layer on top of it that gives a process a seemingly " +"writeable view into that file system. The process may believe it is able to write to those files, but only the process sees the effects — other " "processes in the system do not, necessarily." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:5257 -msgid "" -"An attempt is made to make this sort of sandbox so transparent that the user " -"(or hacker) does not realize that he is sitting in it." +msgid "An attempt is made to make this sort of sandbox so transparent that the user (or hacker) does not realize that he is sitting in it." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5263 -msgid "" -"<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> implements two core " -"sandboxes. One is at the process level, and one is at the userid level." +msgid "<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> implements two core sandboxes. One is at the process level, and one is at the userid level." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5266 msgid "" -"Every <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> process is completely " -"firewalled off from every other <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</" +"Every <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> process is completely firewalled off from every other <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</" "trademark> process. One process cannot modify the address space of another." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5270 msgid "" -"A <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> process is owned by a " -"particular userid. If the user ID is not the <systemitem class=\"username" -"\">root</systemitem> user, it serves to firewall the process off from " -"processes owned by other users. The user ID is also used to firewall off on-" -"disk data." +"A <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> process is owned by a particular userid. If the user ID is not the <systemitem class=\"username" +"\">root</systemitem> user, it serves to firewall the process off from processes owned by other users. The user ID is also used to firewall off on-disk " +"data." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -6931,25 +5664,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5284 msgid "" -"<literal>securelevel</literal> is a security mechanism implemented in the " -"kernel. When the securelevel is positive, the kernel restricts certain " -"tasks; not even the superuser (<systemitem class=\"username\">root</" -"systemitem>) is allowed to do them. The securelevel mechanism limits the " -"ability to:" +"<literal>securelevel</literal> is a security mechanism implemented in the kernel. When the securelevel is positive, the kernel restricts certain tasks; " +"not even the superuser (<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>) is allowed to do them. The securelevel mechanism limits the ability to:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:5293 -msgid "" -"Unset certain file flags, such as <literal>schg</literal> (the system " -"immutable flag)." +msgid "Unset certain file flags, such as <literal>schg</literal> (the system immutable flag)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:5299 -msgid "" -"Write to kernel memory via <filename>/dev/mem</filename> and <filename>/dev/" -"kmem</filename>." +msgid "Write to kernel memory via <filename>/dev/mem</filename> and <filename>/dev/kmem</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para @@ -6975,149 +5701,110 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5318 -msgid "" -"The output contains the current value of the securelevel. If it is greater " -"than 0, at least some of the securelevel's protections are enabled." +msgid "The output contains the current value of the securelevel. If it is greater than 0, at least some of the securelevel's protections are enabled." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5323 msgid "" -"The securelevel of a running system cannot be lowered as this would defeat " -"its purpose. If a task requires that the securelevel be non-positive, change " -"the <varname>kern_securelevel</varname> and " -"<varname>kern_securelevel_enable</varname> variables in <filename>/etc/rc." -"conf</filename> and reboot." +"The securelevel of a running system cannot be lowered as this would defeat its purpose. If a task requires that the securelevel be non-positive, change " +"the <varname>kern_securelevel</varname> and <varname>kern_securelevel_enable</varname> variables in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and reboot." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5330 msgid "" -"For more information on securelevel and the specific things all the levels " -"do, consult <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"For more information on securelevel and the specific things all the levels do, consult <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" "manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para #: book.translate.xml:5334 -msgid "" -"Securelevel is not a silver bullet; it has many known deficiencies. More " -"often than not, it provides a false sense of security." +msgid "Securelevel is not a silver bullet; it has many known deficiencies. More often than not, it provides a false sense of security." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para #: book.translate.xml:5338 msgid "" -"One of its biggest problems is that in order for it to be at all effective, " -"all files used in the boot process up until the securelevel is set must be " -"protected. If an attacker can get the system to execute their code prior to " -"the securelevel being set (which happens quite late in the boot process " -"since some things the system must do at start-up cannot be done at an " -"elevated securelevel), its protections are invalidated. While this task of " -"protecting all files used in the boot process is not technically impossible, " -"if it is achieved, system maintenance will become a nightmare since one " -"would have to take the system down, at least to single-user mode, to modify " -"a configuration file." +"One of its biggest problems is that in order for it to be at all effective, all files used in the boot process up until the securelevel is set must be " +"protected. If an attacker can get the system to execute their code prior to the securelevel being set (which happens quite late in the boot process " +"since some things the system must do at start-up cannot be done at an elevated securelevel), its protections are invalidated. While this task of " +"protecting all files used in the boot process is not technically impossible, if it is achieved, system maintenance will become a nightmare since one " +"would have to take the system down, at least to single-user mode, to modify a configuration file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para #: book.translate.xml:5353 msgid "" -"This point and others are often discussed on the mailing lists, particularly " -"the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-" -"security\">FreeBSD security mailing list</link>. Search the archives <link " -"xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/search/index.html\">here</link> for an " +"This point and others are often discussed on the mailing lists, particularly the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-" +"security\">FreeBSD security mailing list</link>. Search the archives <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/search/index.html\">here</link> for an " "extensive discussion. A more fine-grained mechanism is preferred." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:5364 -msgid "" -"<application>BIND9</application> (<command>named</command>) is listening on " -"some high-numbered ports. What is going on?" +msgid "<application>BIND9</application> (<command>named</command>) is listening on some high-numbered ports. What is going on?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5370 msgid "" -"BIND uses a random high-numbered port for outgoing queries. Recent versions " -"of it choose a new, random UDP port for each query. This may cause problems " -"for some network configurations, especially if a firewall blocks incoming " -"UDP packets on particular ports. To get past that firewall, try the " -"<literal>avoid-v4-udp-ports</literal> and <literal>avoid-v6-udp-ports</" -"literal> options to avoid selecting random port numbers within a blocked " -"range." +"BIND uses a random high-numbered port for outgoing queries. Recent versions of it choose a new, random UDP port for each query. This may cause problems " +"for some network configurations, especially if a firewall blocks incoming UDP packets on particular ports. To get past that firewall, try the " +"<literal>avoid-v4-udp-ports</literal> and <literal>avoid-v6-udp-ports</literal> options to avoid selecting random port numbers within a blocked range." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para #: book.translate.xml:5382 msgid "" -"If a port number (like 53) is specified via the <literal>query-source</" -"literal> or <literal>query-source-v6</literal> options in <filename>/usr/" -"local/etc/namedb/named.conf</filename>, randomized port selection will not " -"be used. It is strongly recommended that these options not be used to " -"specify fixed port numbers." +"If a port number (like 53) is specified via the <literal>query-source</literal> or <literal>query-source-v6</literal> options in <filename>/usr/local/" +"etc/namedb/named.conf</filename>, randomized port selection will not be used. It is strongly recommended that these options not be used to specify " +"fixed port numbers." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5392 msgid "" -"Congratulations, by the way. It is good practice to read " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sockstat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> output and notice odd things!" +"Congratulations, by the way. It is good practice to read <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sockstat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> " +"output and notice odd things!" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:5400 -msgid "" -"The <application>Sendmail</application> daemon is listening on port 587 as " -"well as the standard port 25! What is going on?" +msgid "The <application>Sendmail</application> daemon is listening on port 587 as well as the standard port 25! What is going on?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5406 msgid "" -"Recent versions of <application>Sendmail</application> support a mail " -"submission feature that runs over port 587. This is not yet widely " -"supported, but is growing in popularity." +"Recent versions of <application>Sendmail</application> support a mail submission feature that runs over port 587. This is not yet widely supported, but " +"is growing in popularity." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:5415 -msgid "" -"What is this UID 0 <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> account? " -"Have I been compromised?" +msgid "What is this UID 0 <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> account? Have I been compromised?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5420 msgid "" -"Do not worry. <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> is an " -"<quote>alternative</quote> superuser account, where toor is root spelled " -"backwards. It is intended to be used with a non-standard shell so the " -"default shell for <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> does not " -"need to change. This is important as shells which are not part of the base " -"distribution, but are instead installed from ports or packages, are " -"installed in <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> which, by default, resides " -"on a different file system. If <systemitem class=\"username\">root</" -"systemitem>'s shell is located in <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> and " -"the file system containing <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename>) is not " -"mounted, <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> will not be able " -"to log in to fix a problem and will have to reboot into single-user mode in " -"order to enter the path to a shell." +"Do not worry. <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> is an <quote>alternative</quote> superuser account, where toor is root spelled " +"backwards. It is intended to be used with a non-standard shell so the default shell for <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> does not need " +"to change. This is important as shells which are not part of the base distribution, but are instead installed from ports or packages, are installed in " +"<filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> which, by default, resides on a different file system. If <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>'s shell " +"is located in <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> and the file system containing <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename>) is not mounted, <systemitem class=" +"\"username\">root</systemitem> will not be able to log in to fix a problem and will have to reboot into single-user mode in order to enter the path to " +"a shell." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5437 msgid "" -"Some people use <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> for day-to-" -"day <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> tasks with a non-" -"standard shell, leaving <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, " -"with a standard shell, for single-user mode or emergencies. By default, a " -"user cannot log in using <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> as " -"it does not have a password, so log in as <systemitem class=\"username" -"\">root</systemitem> and set a password for <systemitem class=\"username" -"\">toor</systemitem> before using it to login." +"Some people use <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> for day-to-day <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> tasks with a non-" +"standard shell, leaving <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, with a standard shell, for single-user mode or emergencies. By default, a " +"user cannot log in using <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> as it does not have a password, so log in as <systemitem class=\"username" +"\">root</systemitem> and set a password for <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> before using it to login." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title @@ -7127,18 +5814,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:5456 -msgid "" -"I cannot make <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> work. What am I doing wrong?" +msgid "I cannot make <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> work. What am I doing wrong?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5461 msgid "" -"First, read <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> and the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" -"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#userppp\">PPP section of " -"the Handbook</link>. To assist in troubleshooting, enable logging with the " +"First, read <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#userppp\">PPP section of the Handbook</link>. To assist in troubleshooting, enable logging with the " "following command:" msgstr "" @@ -7151,12 +5834,9 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5469 msgid "" -"This command may be typed at the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command prompt or it " -"may be entered at the start of the <literal>default</literal> section in " -"<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>. Make sure that <filename>/etc/syslog." -"conf</filename> contains the lines below and the file <filename>/var/log/ppp." -"log</filename> exists:" +"This command may be typed at the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command prompt or it may be " +"entered at the start of the <literal>default</literal> section in <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>. Make sure that <filename>/etc/syslog.conf</" +"filename> contains the lines below and the file <filename>/var/log/ppp.log</filename> exists:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -7169,27 +5849,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5480 -msgid "" -"A lot about what is going can be learned from the log file. Do not worry if " -"it does not all make sense as it may make sense to someone else." +msgid "A lot about what is going can be learned from the log file. Do not worry if it does not all make sense as it may make sense to someone else." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:5488 -msgid "" -"Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> hang when I run it?" +msgid "Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> hang when I run it?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5492 msgid "" -"This is usually because the hostname will not resolve. The best way to fix " -"this is to make sure that <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> is read first by " -"the by ensuring that the <literal>hosts</literal> line is listed first in " -"<filename>/etc/host.conf</filename>. Then, put an entry in <filename>/etc/" -"hosts</filename> for the local machine. If there is no local network, change " -"the <systemitem>localhost</systemitem> line:" +"This is usually because the hostname will not resolve. The best way to fix this is to make sure that <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> is read first by " +"the by ensuring that the <literal>hosts</literal> line is listed first in <filename>/etc/host.conf</filename>. Then, put an entry in <filename>/etc/" +"hosts</filename> for the local machine. If there is no local network, change the <systemitem>localhost</systemitem> line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -7200,30 +5873,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5503 -msgid "" -"Otherwise, add another entry for the host. Consult the relevant manual pages " -"for more details." +msgid "Otherwise, add another entry for the host. Consult the relevant manual pages for more details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5506 -msgid "" -"When finished, verify that this command is successful: <command>ping -c1 " -"`hostname`</command>." +msgid "When finished, verify that this command is successful: <command>ping -c1 `hostname`</command>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:5513 -msgid "" -"Why will <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> not dial in <literal>-auto</literal> mode?" +msgid "Why will <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> not dial in <literal>-auto</literal> mode?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5518 -msgid "" -"First, check that a default route exists. This command should display two " -"entries:" +msgid "First, check that a default route exists. This command should display two entries:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -7237,16 +5902,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5525 -msgid "" -"If a default route is not listed, make sure that the <literal>HISADDR</" -"literal> line has been added to <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>." +msgid "If a default route is not listed, make sure that the <literal>HISADDR</literal> line has been added to <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5530 msgid "" -"Another reason for the default route line being missing is that a default " -"route has been added to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and this line is " +"Another reason for the default route line being missing is that a default route has been added to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and this line is " "missing from <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>:" msgstr "" @@ -7259,8 +5921,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5538 msgid "" -"If this is the case, go back to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" -"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/userppp.html#userppp-final\">Final System " +"If this is the case, go back to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/userppp.html#userppp-final\">Final System " "Configuration</link> section of the Handbook." msgstr "" @@ -7271,9 +5932,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5551 -msgid "" -"This error is usually because the following section is missing in <filename>/" -"etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>:" +msgid "This error is usually because the following section is missing in <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -7288,10 +5947,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5559 msgid "" -"This is only necessary for a dynamic IP address or when the address of the " -"default gateway is unknown. When using interactive mode, the following can " -"be typed in after entering packet mode. Packet mode is indicated by the " -"capitalized <acronym>PPP</acronym> in the prompt:" +"This is only necessary for a dynamic IP address or when the address of the default gateway is unknown. When using interactive mode, the following can " +"be typed in after entering packet mode. Packet mode is indicated by the capitalized <acronym>PPP</acronym> in the prompt:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -7305,8 +5962,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5569 msgid "" -"Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" -"handbook/userppp.html#userppp-dynamicip\">PPP and Dynamic IP addresses</" +"Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/userppp.html#userppp-dynamicip\">PPP and Dynamic IP addresses</" "link> section of the Handbook for further details." msgstr "" @@ -7317,9 +5973,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5582 -msgid "" -"The default PPP timeout is 3 minutes. This can be adjusted with the " -"following line:" +msgid "The default PPP timeout is 3 minutes. This can be adjusted with the following line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -7331,16 +5985,11 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5587 msgid "" -"where <replaceable>NNN</replaceable> is the number of seconds of inactivity " -"before the connection is closed. If <replaceable>NNN</replaceable> is zero, " -"the connection is never closed due to a timeout. It is possible to put this " -"command in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>, or to type it at the prompt in " -"interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on the fly while the line " -"is active by connecting to <application>ppp</application>'s server socket " -"using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>telnet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pppctl</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Refer to the " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"where <replaceable>NNN</replaceable> is the number of seconds of inactivity before the connection is closed. If <replaceable>NNN</replaceable> is zero, " +"the connection is never closed due to a timeout. It is possible to put this command in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>, or to type it at the prompt in " +"interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on the fly while the line is active by connecting to <application>ppp</application>'s server socket " +"using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>telnet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pppctl</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Refer to the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" "citerefentry> man page for further details." msgstr "" @@ -7352,12 +6001,9 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5606 msgid "" -"If Link Quality Reporting (<acronym>LQR</acronym>) is configured, it is " -"possible that too many <acronym>LQR</acronym> packets are lost between the " -"FreeBSD system and the peer. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> deduces that the line " -"must therefore be bad, and disconnects. <acronym>LQR</acronym> is disabled " -"by default and can be enabled with the following line:" +"If Link Quality Reporting (<acronym>LQR</acronym>) is configured, it is possible that too many <acronym>LQR</acronym> packets are lost between the " +"FreeBSD system and the peer. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> deduces that the line must " +"therefore be bad, and disconnects. <acronym>LQR</acronym> is disabled by default and can be enabled with the following line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -7374,16 +6020,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5625 msgid "" -"Sometimes, on a noisy phone line or even on a line with call waiting " -"enabled, the modem may hang up because it incorrectly thinks that it lost " -"carrier." +"Sometimes, on a noisy phone line or even on a line with call waiting enabled, the modem may hang up because it incorrectly thinks that it lost carrier." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5629 -msgid "" -"There is a setting on most modems for determining how tolerant it should be " -"to temporary losses of carrier. Refer to the modem manual for details." +msgid "There is a setting on most modems for determining how tolerant it should be to temporary losses of carrier. Refer to the modem manual for details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -7393,47 +6035,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5642 -msgid "" -"Many people experience hung connections with no apparent explanation. The " -"first thing to establish is which side of the link is hung." +msgid "Many people experience hung connections with no apparent explanation. The first thing to establish is which side of the link is hung." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5646 msgid "" -"When using an external modem, try using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ping</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to see if the " -"<acronym>TD</acronym> light is flashing when data is transmitted. If it " -"flashes but the <acronym>RD</acronym> light does not, the problem is with " -"the remote end. If <acronym>TD</acronym> does not flash, the problem is " -"local. With an internal modem, use the <literal>set server</literal> command " -"in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>. When the hang occurs, connect to " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pppctl</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If the network " -"connection suddenly revives due to the activity on the diagnostic socket, or " -"if it will not connect but the <literal>set socket</literal> command " -"succeeded at startup time, the problem is local. If it can connect but " -"things are still hung, enable local logging with <literal>set log local " -"async</literal> and use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ping</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> from another window or " -"terminal to make use of the link. The async logging will show the data being " -"transmitted and received on the link. If data is going out and not coming " -"back, the problem is remote." +"When using an external modem, try using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ping</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to see if the " +"<acronym>TD</acronym> light is flashing when data is transmitted. If it flashes but the <acronym>RD</acronym> light does not, the problem is with the " +"remote end. If <acronym>TD</acronym> does not flash, the problem is local. With an internal modem, use the <literal>set server</literal> command in " +"<filename>ppp.conf</filename>. When the hang occurs, connect to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> " +"using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pppctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If the network connection suddenly revives due to the " +"activity on the diagnostic socket, or if it will not connect but the <literal>set socket</literal> command succeeded at startup time, the problem is " +"local. If it can connect but things are still hung, enable local logging with <literal>set log local async</literal> and use " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ping</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> from another window or terminal to make use of the link. The " +"async logging will show the data being transmitted and received on the link. If data is going out and not coming back, the problem is remote." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5668 -msgid "" -"Having established whether the problem is local or remote, there are now two " -"possibilities:" +msgid "Having established whether the problem is local or remote, there are now two possibilities:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:5673 -msgid "" -"If the problem is remote, read on entry <xref linkend=\"ppp-remote-not-" -"responding\"/>." +msgid "If the problem is remote, read on entry <xref linkend=\"ppp-remote-not-responding\"/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para @@ -7449,20 +6075,15 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5690 msgid "" -"There is very little that can be done about this. Many ISPs will refuse to " -"help users not running a <trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</" -"trademark> OS. Add <literal>enable lqr</literal> to <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp." -"conf</filename>, allowing <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to detect the remote " -"failure and hang up. This detection is relatively slow and therefore not " +"There is very little that can be done about this. Many ISPs will refuse to help users not running a <trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</" +"trademark> OS. Add <literal>enable lqr</literal> to <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>, allowing <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to detect the remote failure and hang up. This detection is relatively slow and therefore not " "that useful." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5698 -msgid "" -"First, try disabling all local compression by adding the following to the " -"configuration:" +msgid "First, try disabling all local compression by adding the following to the configuration:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -7476,47 +6097,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5704 msgid "" -"Then reconnect to ensure that this makes no difference. If things improve or " -"if the problem is solved completely, determine which setting makes the " -"difference through trial and error. This is good information for the ISP, " -"although it may make it apparent that it is not a <trademark class=" +"Then reconnect to ensure that this makes no difference. If things improve or if the problem is solved completely, determine which setting makes the " +"difference through trial and error. This is good information for the ISP, although it may make it apparent that it is not a <trademark class=" "\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark> system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5711 msgid "" -"Before contacting the ISP, enable async logging locally and wait until the " -"connection hangs again. This may use up quite a bit of disk space. The last " -"data read from the port may be of interest. It is usually ASCII data, and " -"may even describe the problem (<errorname>Memory fault</errorname>, " +"Before contacting the ISP, enable async logging locally and wait until the connection hangs again. This may use up quite a bit of disk space. The last " +"data read from the port may be of interest. It is usually ASCII data, and may even describe the problem (<errorname>Memory fault</errorname>, " "<errorname>Core dumped</errorname>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5719 msgid "" -"If the ISP is helpful, they should be able to enable logging on their end, " -"then when the next link drop occurs, they may be able to tell why their side " +"If the ISP is helpful, they should be able to enable logging on their end, then when the next link drop occurs, they may be able to tell why their side " "is having a problem." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:5728 -msgid "" -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> has hung. What can I do?" +msgid "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> has hung. What can I do?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5732 msgid "" -"In this case, rebuild <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> with debugging " -"information, and then use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to grab a stack trace " -"from the <application>ppp</application> process that is stuck. To rebuild " -"the <application>ppp</application> utility with debugging information, type:" +"In this case, rebuild <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> with debugging information, and then use " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to grab a stack trace from the <application>ppp</application> " +"process that is stuck. To rebuild the <application>ppp</application> utility with debugging information, type:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -7531,8 +6142,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5743 msgid "" -"Then, restart <application>ppp</application> and wait until it hangs again. " -"When the debug build of <application>ppp</application> hangs, start " +"Then, restart <application>ppp</application> and wait until it hangs again. When the debug build of <application>ppp</application> hangs, start " "<application>gdb</application> on the stuck process by typing:" msgstr "" @@ -7545,10 +6155,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5751 msgid "" -"At the <application>gdb</application> prompt, use the <command>bt</command> " -"or <command>where</command> commands to get a stack trace. Save the output " -"of the <application>gdb</application> session, and <quote>detach</quote> " -"from the running process by typing <command>quit</command>." +"At the <application>gdb</application> prompt, use the <command>bt</command> or <command>where</command> commands to get a stack trace. Save the output " +"of the <application>gdb</application> session, and <quote>detach</quote> from the running process by typing <command>quit</command>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -7559,62 +6167,41 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5767 msgid "" -"Occasionally, just after connecting, there may be messages in the log that " -"say <errorname>Magic is same</errorname>. Sometimes, these messages are " -"harmless, and sometimes one side or the other exits. Most PPP " -"implementations cannot survive this problem, and even if the link seems to " -"come up, there will be repeated configure requests and configure " -"acknowledgments in the log file until <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> eventually gives up " -"and closes the connection." +"Occasionally, just after connecting, there may be messages in the log that say <errorname>Magic is same</errorname>. Sometimes, these messages are " +"harmless, and sometimes one side or the other exits. Most PPP implementations cannot survive this problem, and even if the link seems to come up, there " +"will be repeated configure requests and configure acknowledgments in the log file until <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> eventually gives up and closes the connection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5777 msgid "" -"This normally happens on server machines with slow disks that are spawning a " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> on the port, and executing <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> from a login script or " -"program after login. There were reports of it happening consistently when " -"using slirp. The reason is that in the time taken between " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> exiting and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> starting, the client-" -"side <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> starts sending Line Control Protocol (LCP) " -"packets. Because ECHO is still switched on for the port on the server, the " -"client <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> sees these packets <quote>reflect</quote> back." +"This normally happens on server machines with slow disks that are spawning a <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> on the port, and executing <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> from a " +"login script or program after login. There were reports of it happening consistently when using slirp. The reason is that in the time taken between " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> exiting and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> starting, the client-side <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> starts sending Line Control Protocol (LCP) packets. Because ECHO is still switched on for the port on the server, the client " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> sees these packets <quote>reflect</quote> back." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5788 msgid "" -"One part of the LCP negotiation is to establish a magic number for each side " -"of the link so that <quote>reflections</quote> can be detected. The protocol " -"says that when the peer tries to negotiate the same magic number, a NAK " -"should be sent and a new magic number should be chosen. During the period " -"that the server port has ECHO turned on, the client " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> sends LCP packets, sees the same magic in the reflected packet " -"and NAKs it. It also sees the NAK reflect (which also means " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> must change its magic). This produces a potentially enormous " -"number of magic number changes, all of which are happily piling into the " -"server's tty buffer. As soon as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> starts on the server, " -"it is flooded with magic number changes and almost immediately decides it " -"has tried enough to negotiate LCP and gives up. Meanwhile, the client, who " -"no longer sees the reflections, becomes happy just in time to see a hangup " +"One part of the LCP negotiation is to establish a magic number for each side of the link so that <quote>reflections</quote> can be detected. The " +"protocol says that when the peer tries to negotiate the same magic number, a NAK should be sent and a new magic number should be chosen. During the " +"period that the server port has ECHO turned on, the client <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> " +"sends LCP packets, sees the same magic in the reflected packet and NAKs it. It also sees the NAK reflect (which also means " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> must change its magic). This produces a potentially enormous " +"number of magic number changes, all of which are happily piling into the server's tty buffer. As soon as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> starts on the server, it is flooded with magic number changes and almost immediately decides it " +"has tried enough to negotiate LCP and gives up. Meanwhile, the client, who no longer sees the reflections, becomes happy just in time to see a hangup " "from the server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5806 -msgid "" -"This can be avoided by allowing the peer to start negotiating with the " -"following line in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>:" +msgid "This can be avoided by allowing the peer to start negotiating with the following line in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -7626,10 +6213,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5812 msgid "" -"This tells <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> to wait for the server to initiate LCP " -"negotiations. Some servers however may never initiate negotiations. In this " -"case, try something like:" +"This tells <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to wait for the server to initiate LCP negotiations. " +"Some servers however may never initiate negotiations. In this case, try something like:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -7641,82 +6226,58 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5819 msgid "" -"This tells <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> to be passive for 3 seconds, and then to start " -"sending LCP requests. If the peer starts sending requests during this " -"period, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> will immediately respond rather than waiting for " -"the full 3 second period." +"This tells <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to be passive for 3 seconds, and then to start " +"sending LCP requests. If the peer starts sending requests during this period, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> will immediately respond rather than waiting for the full 3 second period." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:5829 -msgid "" -"LCP negotiations continue until the connection is closed. What is wrong?" +msgid "LCP negotiations continue until the connection is closed. What is wrong?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5834 msgid "" -"There is currently an implementation mis-feature in " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> where it does not associate LCP, CCP & IPCP responses with " -"their original requests. As a result, if one PPP implementation is more than " -"6 seconds slower than the other side, the other side will send two " -"additional LCP configuration requests. This is fatal." +"There is currently an implementation mis-feature in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> where it " +"does not associate LCP, CCP & IPCP responses with their original requests. As a result, if one PPP implementation is more than 6 seconds slower " +"than the other side, the other side will send two additional LCP configuration requests. This is fatal." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5842 msgid "" -"Consider two implementations, <systemitem>A</systemitem> and <systemitem>B</" -"systemitem>. <systemitem>A</systemitem> starts sending LCP requests " -"immediately after connecting and <systemitem>B</systemitem> takes 7 seconds " -"to start. When <systemitem>B</systemitem> starts, <systemitem>A</systemitem> " -"has sent 3 LCP REQs. We are assuming the line has ECHO switched off, " -"otherwise we would see magic number problems as described in the previous " -"section. <systemitem>B</systemitem> sends a REQ, then an ACK to the first of " -"<systemitem>A</systemitem>'s REQs. This results in <systemitem>A</" -"systemitem> entering the <acronym>OPENED</acronym> state and sending and ACK " -"(the first) back to <systemitem>B</systemitem>. In the meantime, " -"<systemitem>B</systemitem> sends back two more ACKs in response to the two " -"additional REQs sent by <systemitem>A</systemitem> before <systemitem>B</" -"systemitem> started up. <systemitem>B</systemitem> then receives the first " -"ACK from <systemitem>A</systemitem> and enters the <acronym>OPENED</acronym> " -"state. <systemitem>A</systemitem> receives the second ACK from " -"<systemitem>B</systemitem> and goes back to the <acronym>REQ-SENT</acronym> " -"state, sending another (forth) REQ as per the RFC. It then receives the " -"third ACK and enters the <acronym>OPENED</acronym> state. In the meantime, " -"<systemitem>B</systemitem> receives the forth REQ from <systemitem>A</" -"systemitem>, resulting in it reverting to the <acronym>ACK-SENT</acronym> " -"state and sending another (second) REQ and (forth) ACK as per the RFC. " -"<systemitem>A</systemitem> gets the REQ, goes into <acronym>REQ-SENT</" -"acronym> and sends another REQ. It immediately receives the following ACK " -"and enters <acronym>OPENED</acronym>." +"Consider two implementations, <systemitem>A</systemitem> and <systemitem>B</systemitem>. <systemitem>A</systemitem> starts sending LCP requests " +"immediately after connecting and <systemitem>B</systemitem> takes 7 seconds to start. When <systemitem>B</systemitem> starts, <systemitem>A</" +"systemitem> has sent 3 LCP REQs. We are assuming the line has ECHO switched off, otherwise we would see magic number problems as described in the " +"previous section. <systemitem>B</systemitem> sends a REQ, then an ACK to the first of <systemitem>A</systemitem>'s REQs. This results in <systemitem>A</" +"systemitem> entering the <acronym>OPENED</acronym> state and sending and ACK (the first) back to <systemitem>B</systemitem>. In the meantime, " +"<systemitem>B</systemitem> sends back two more ACKs in response to the two additional REQs sent by <systemitem>A</systemitem> before <systemitem>B</" +"systemitem> started up. <systemitem>B</systemitem> then receives the first ACK from <systemitem>A</systemitem> and enters the <acronym>OPENED</acronym> " +"state. <systemitem>A</systemitem> receives the second ACK from <systemitem>B</systemitem> and goes back to the <acronym>REQ-SENT</acronym> state, " +"sending another (forth) REQ as per the RFC. It then receives the third ACK and enters the <acronym>OPENED</acronym> state. In the meantime, " +"<systemitem>B</systemitem> receives the forth REQ from <systemitem>A</systemitem>, resulting in it reverting to the <acronym>ACK-SENT</acronym> state " +"and sending another (second) REQ and (forth) ACK as per the RFC. <systemitem>A</systemitem> gets the REQ, goes into <acronym>REQ-SENT</acronym> and " +"sends another REQ. It immediately receives the following ACK and enters <acronym>OPENED</acronym>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5877 -msgid "" -"This goes on until one side figures out that they are getting nowhere and " -"gives up." +msgid "This goes on until one side figures out that they are getting nowhere and gives up." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5880 msgid "" -"The best way to avoid this is to configure one side to be <literal>passive</" -"literal> — that is, make one side wait for the other to start negotiating. " +"The best way to avoid this is to configure one side to be <literal>passive</literal> — that is, make one side wait for the other to start negotiating. " "This can be done with the following command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5887 msgid "" -"Care should be taken with this option. This command can also be used to " -"limit the amount of time that <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> waits for the peer to " -"begin negotiations:" +"Care should be taken with this option. This command can also be used to limit the amount of time that <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> waits for the peer to begin negotiations:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -7728,8 +6289,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5894 msgid "" -"Alternatively, the following command (where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is " -"the number of seconds to wait before starting negotiations) can be used:" +"Alternatively, the following command (where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the number of seconds to wait before starting negotiations) can be used:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -7745,48 +6305,36 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:5906 -msgid "" -"Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> lock up when I shell out to test it?" +msgid "Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> lock up when I shell out to test it?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5911 msgid "" -"When using <command>shell</command> or <command>!</command>, " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> executes a shell or the passed arguments. The " -"<application>ppp</application> program will wait for the command to complete " -"before continuing. Any attempt to use the PPP link while running the command " -"will appear as a frozen link. This is because " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> is waiting for the command to complete." +"When using <command>shell</command> or <command>!</command>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> " +"executes a shell or the passed arguments. The <application>ppp</application> program will wait for the command to complete before continuing. Any " +"attempt to use the PPP link while running the command will appear as a frozen link. This is because <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is waiting for the command to complete." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5920 msgid "" -"To execute commands like this, use <command>!bg</command> instead. This will " -"execute the given command in the background, and " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> can continue to service the link." +"To execute commands like this, use <command>!bg</command> instead. This will execute the given command in the background, and " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> can continue to service the link." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:5929 -msgid "" -"Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> over a null-modem cable never exit?" +msgid "Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> over a null-modem cable never exit?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5934 msgid "" -"There is no way for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to automatically " -"determine that a direct connection has been dropped. This is due to the " -"lines that are used in a null-modem serial cable. When using this sort of " -"connection, LQR should always be enabled with the following line:" +"There is no way for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to automatically determine that a direct " +"connection has been dropped. This is due to the lines that are used in a null-modem serial cable. When using this sort of connection, LQR should always " +"be enabled with the following line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -7797,16 +6345,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:5949 msgid "" -"Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> dial for no reason in <option>-auto</option> mode?" +"Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> dial for no reason in <option>-auto</option> mode?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5954 msgid "" -"If <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> is dialing unexpectedly, determine the cause, and set up dial " -"filters to prevent such dialing." +"If <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is dialing unexpectedly, determine the cause, and set up " +"dial filters to prevent such dialing." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -7823,20 +6369,16 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5962 msgid "" -"This will log all traffic through the connection. The next time the line " -"comes up unexpectedly, the reason will be logged with a convenient timestamp " +"This will log all traffic through the connection. The next time the line comes up unexpectedly, the reason will be logged with a convenient timestamp " "next to it." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5967 msgid "" -"Next, disable dialing under these circumstances. Usually, this sort of " -"problem arises due to DNS lookups. To prevent DNS lookups from establishing " -"a connection (this will <emphasis>not</emphasis> prevent " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> from passing the packets through an established connection), " -"use the following:" +"Next, disable dialing under these circumstances. Usually, this sort of problem arises due to DNS lookups. To prevent DNS lookups from establishing a " +"connection (this will <emphasis>not</emphasis> prevent <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> from " +"passing the packets through an established connection), use the following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -7851,22 +6393,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5978 msgid "" -"This is not always suitable, as it will effectively break demand-dial " -"capabilities. Most programs will need a DNS lookup before doing any other " -"network related things." +"This is not always suitable, as it will effectively break demand-dial capabilities. Most programs will need a DNS lookup before doing any other network " +"related things." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5983 msgid "" -"In the DNS case, try to determine what is actually trying to resolve a host " -"name. A lot of the time, <application>Sendmail</application> is the culprit. " -"Make sure to configure <application>Sendmail</application> not to do any DNS " -"lookups in its configuration file. See the section on <link xlink:href=" -"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/smtp-dialup.html" -"\">using email with a dialup connection</link> in the FreeBSD Handbook for " -"details. You may also want to add the following line to <filename>.mc</" -"filename>:" +"In the DNS case, try to determine what is actually trying to resolve a host name. A lot of the time, <application>Sendmail</application> is the " +"culprit. Make sure to configure <application>Sendmail</application> not to do any DNS lookups in its configuration file. See the section on <link xlink:" +"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/smtp-dialup.html\">using email with a dialup connection</link> in the FreeBSD Handbook for " +"details. You may also want to add the following line to <filename>.mc</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -7878,9 +6415,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:5996 msgid "" -"This will make <application>Sendmail</application> queue everything until " -"the queue is run, usually, every 30 minutes, or until a <command>sendmail -" -"q</command> is done, perhaps from <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>." +"This will make <application>Sendmail</application> queue everything until the queue is run, usually, every 30 minutes, or until a <command>sendmail -q</" +"command> is done, perhaps from <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -7904,11 +6440,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6016 msgid "" -"This is because <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is trying to negotiate " -"Predictor1 compression, but the peer does not want to negotiate any " -"compression at all. The messages are harmless, but can be silenced by " -"disabling the compression:" +"This is because <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is trying to negotiate Predictor1 compression, " +"but the peer does not want to negotiate any compression at all. The messages are harmless, but can be silenced by disabling the compression:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -7919,9 +6452,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:6028 -msgid "" -"Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> not log my connection speed?" +msgid "Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> not log my connection speed?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -7938,16 +6469,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6039 msgid "" -"This will make <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> log everything up until the last requested " +"This will make <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> log everything up until the last requested " "<quote>expect</quote> string." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6042 msgid "" -"To see the connect speed when using PAP or CHAP, make sure to configure " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"To see the connect speed when using PAP or CHAP, make sure to configure <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" "citerefentry> to expect the whole CONNECT line, using something like this:" msgstr "" @@ -7962,36 +6491,30 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6051 msgid "" -"This gets the CONNECT, sends nothing, then expects a line-feed, forcing " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"This gets the CONNECT, sends nothing, then expects a line-feed, forcing <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" "citerefentry> to read the whole CONNECT response." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:6059 msgid "" -"Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> ignore the <literal>\\</literal> character in my " -"chat script?" +"Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> ignore the <literal>\\</literal> character in my chat " +"script?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6064 msgid "" -"The <application>ppp</application> utility parses each line in its " -"configuration files so that it can interpret strings such as <literal>set " -"phone \"123 456 789\"</literal> correctly and realize that the number is " -"actually only one argument. To specify a <literal>\"</literal> character, " -"escape it using a backslash (<literal>\\</literal>)." +"The <application>ppp</application> utility parses each line in its configuration files so that it can interpret strings such as <literal>set phone " +"\"123 456 789\"</literal> correctly and realize that the number is actually only one argument. To specify a <literal>\"</literal> character, escape it " +"using a backslash (<literal>\\</literal>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6072 msgid "" -"When the chat interpreter parses each argument, it re-interprets the " -"argument to find any special escape sequences such as <literal>\\P</literal> " -"or <literal>\\T</literal>. As a result of this double-parsing, remember to " -"use the correct number of escapes." +"When the chat interpreter parses each argument, it re-interprets the argument to find any special escape sequences such as <literal>\\P</literal> or " +"<literal>\\T</literal>. As a result of this double-parsing, remember to use the correct number of escapes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -8050,50 +6573,38 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6111 msgid "" -"FCS stands for Frame Check Sequence. Each PPP packet has a checksum attached " -"to ensure that the data being received is the data being sent. If the FCS of " -"an incoming packet is incorrect, the packet is dropped and the HDLC FCS " -"count is increased. The HDLC error values can be displayed using the " +"FCS stands for Frame Check Sequence. Each PPP packet has a checksum attached to ensure that the data being received is the data being sent. If the FCS " +"of an incoming packet is incorrect, the packet is dropped and the HDLC FCS count is increased. The HDLC error values can be displayed using the " "<literal>show hdlc</literal> command." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6119 msgid "" -"If the link is bad or if the serial driver is dropping packets, it will " -"produce the occasional FCS error. This is not usually worth worrying about " +"If the link is bad or if the serial driver is dropping packets, it will produce the occasional FCS error. This is not usually worth worrying about " "although it does slow down the compression protocols substantially." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6124 msgid "" -"If the link freezes as soon as it connects and produces a large number of " -"FCS errors, make sure the modem is not using software flow control (XON/" -"XOFF). If the link must use software flow control, use <literal>set accmap " -"0x000a0000</literal> to tell <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to escape the " -"<literal>^Q</literal> and <literal>^S</literal> characters." +"If the link freezes as soon as it connects and produces a large number of FCS errors, make sure the modem is not using software flow control (XON/" +"XOFF). If the link must use software flow control, use <literal>set accmap 0x000a0000</literal> to tell <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to escape the <literal>^Q</literal> and <literal>^S</literal> characters." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6132 msgid "" -"Another reason for too many FCS errors may be that the remote end has " -"stopped talking <acronym>PPP</acronym>. In this case, enable <literal>async</" -"literal> logging to determine if the incoming data is actually a login or " -"shell prompt. If it is a shell prompt at the remote end, it is possible to " -"terminate <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> without dropping the line by using <command>close " -"lcp</command> followed by <command>term</command>) to reconnect to the shell " -"on the remote machine." +"Another reason for too many FCS errors may be that the remote end has stopped talking <acronym>PPP</acronym>. In this case, enable <literal>async</" +"literal> logging to determine if the incoming data is actually a login or shell prompt. If it is a shell prompt at the remote end, it is possible to " +"terminate <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> without dropping the line by using <command>close " +"lcp</command> followed by <command>term</command>) to reconnect to the shell on the remote machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6143 -msgid "" -"If nothing in the log file indicates why the link was terminated, ask the " -"remote administrator or ISP why the session was terminated." +msgid "If nothing in the log file indicates why the link was terminated, ask the remote administrator or ISP why the session was terminated." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -8104,12 +6615,9 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6157 msgid "" -"If all else fails, send the details of the error, the configuration files, " -"how <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> is being started, the relevant parts of the log " -"file, and the output of <command>netstat -rn</command>, before and after " -"connecting, to the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/" -"listinfo/freebsd-questions\">FreeBSD general questions mailing list</link>." +"If all else fails, send the details of the error, the configuration files, how <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> is being started, the relevant parts of the log file, and the output of <command>netstat -rn</command>, before and after " +"connecting, to the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions\">FreeBSD general questions mailing list</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title @@ -8120,9 +6628,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/para #: book.translate.xml:6170 msgid "" -"This section answers common questions about serial communications with " -"FreeBSD. PPP is covered in the <link linkend=\"networking\">Networking</" -"link> section." +"This section answers common questions about serial communications with FreeBSD. PPP is covered in the <link linkend=\"networking\">Networking</link> " +"section." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -8133,32 +6640,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6181 msgid "" -"There is a list of these in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" -"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/serial.html\">Serial Communications</link> " +"There is a list of these in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/serial.html\">Serial Communications</link> " "chapter of the Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6184 -msgid "" -"Most multi-port PCI cards that are based on 16550 or clones are supported " -"with no extra effort." +msgid "Most multi-port PCI cards that are based on 16550 or clones are supported with no extra effort." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6187 -msgid "" -"Some unnamed clone cards have also been known to work, especially those that " -"claim to be AST compatible." +msgid "Some unnamed clone cards have also been known to work, especially those that claim to be AST compatible." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6190 msgid "" -"Check <citerefentry><refentrytitle>uart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sio</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> to get more " -"information on configuring such cards." +"Check <citerefentry><refentrytitle>uart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sio</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> to get more information on configuring such cards." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -8168,9 +6668,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6202 -msgid "" -"See <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" -"serialconsole-setup.html\">this section of the Handbook</link>." +msgid "See <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/serialconsole-setup.html\">this section of the Handbook</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -8181,8 +6679,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6214 msgid "" -"As the FreeBSD kernel boots, it will probe for the serial ports for which " -"the kernel is configured. Either watch the boot messages closely or run this " +"As the FreeBSD kernel boots, it will probe for the serial ports for which the kernel is configured. Either watch the boot messages closely or run this " "command after the system is up and running:" msgstr "" @@ -8200,22 +6697,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6226 msgid "" -"This example shows two serial ports. The first is on IRQ4, port address " -"<literal>0x3f8</literal>, and has a 16550A-type UART chip. The second uses " -"the same kind of chip but is on IRQ3 and is at port address <literal>0x2f8</" -"literal>. Internal modem cards are treated just like serial ports, except " -"that they always have a modem attached to the port." +"This example shows two serial ports. The first is on IRQ4, port address <literal>0x3f8</literal>, and has a 16550A-type UART chip. The second uses the " +"same kind of chip but is on IRQ3 and is at port address <literal>0x2f8</literal>. Internal modem cards are treated just like serial ports, except that " +"they always have a modem attached to the port." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6236 msgid "" -"The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel includes support for two serial " -"ports using the same IRQ and port address settings in the above example. If " -"these settings are not right for the system, or if there are more modem " -"cards or serial ports than the kernel is configured for, reconfigure using " -"the instructions in <link linkend=\"make-kernel\">building a kernel</link> " -"for more details." +"The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel includes support for two serial ports using the same IRQ and port address settings in the above example. If " +"these settings are not right for the system, or if there are more modem cards or serial ports than the kernel is configured for, reconfigure using the " +"instructions in <link linkend=\"make-kernel\">building a kernel</link> for more details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -8226,25 +6718,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6253 msgid "" -"The third serial port, <filename>sio2</filename>, or <filename>COM3</" -"filename>, is on <filename>/dev/cuad2</filename> for dial-out devices, and " -"on <filename>/dev/ttyd2</filename> for dial-in devices. What is the " -"difference between these two classes of devices?" +"The third serial port, <filename>sio2</filename>, or <filename>COM3</filename>, is on <filename>/dev/cuad2</filename> for dial-out devices, and on " +"<filename>/dev/ttyd2</filename> for dial-in devices. What is the difference between these two classes of devices?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6260 msgid "" -"When opening <filename>/dev/ttydX</filename> in blocking mode, a process " -"will wait for the corresponding <filename>cuadX</filename> device to become " -"inactive, and then wait for the carrier detect line to go active. When the " -"<filename>cuadX</filename> device is opened, it makes sure the serial port " -"is not already in use by the <filename>ttydX</filename> device. If the port " -"is available, it steals it from the <filename>ttydX</filename> device. Also, " -"the <filename>cuadX</filename> device does not care about carrier detect. " -"With this scheme and an auto-answer modem, remote users can log in and local " -"users can still dial out with the same modem and the system will take care " -"of all the conflicts." +"When opening <filename>/dev/ttydX</filename> in blocking mode, a process will wait for the corresponding <filename>cuadX</filename> device to become " +"inactive, and then wait for the carrier detect line to go active. When the <filename>cuadX</filename> device is opened, it makes sure the serial port " +"is not already in use by the <filename>ttydX</filename> device. If the port is available, it steals it from the <filename>ttydX</filename> device. " +"Also, the <filename>cuadX</filename> device does not care about carrier detect. With this scheme and an auto-answer modem, remote users can log in and " +"local users can still dial out with the same modem and the system will take care of all the conflicts." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -8255,14 +6740,10 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6285 msgid "" -"The section on kernel configuration provides information about configuring " -"the kernel. For a multi-port serial card, place an " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> line for each serial port on the card in the <citerefentry " -"vendor=\"current\"><refentrytitle>device.hints</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> file. But place the IRQ specifiers on only one of " -"the entries. All of the ports on the card should share one IRQ. For " -"consistency, use the last serial port to specify the IRQ. Also, specify the " +"The section on kernel configuration provides information about configuring the kernel. For a multi-port serial card, place an " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> line for each serial port on the card in the <citerefentry " +"vendor=\"current\"><refentrytitle>device.hints</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file. But place the IRQ specifiers on only one of " +"the entries. All of the ports on the card should share one IRQ. For consistency, use the last serial port to specify the IRQ. Also, specify the " "following option in the kernel configuration file:" msgstr "" @@ -8274,9 +6755,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6297 -msgid "" -"The following <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> example is for an AST " -"4-port serial card on IRQ 12:" +msgid "The following <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> example is for an AST 4-port serial card on IRQ 12:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -8301,8 +6780,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6315 msgid "" -"The flags indicate that the master port has minor number <literal>7</" -"literal> (<literal>0x700</literal>), and all the ports share an IRQ " +"The flags indicate that the master port has minor number <literal>7</literal> (<literal>0x700</literal>), and all the ports share an IRQ " "(<literal>0x001</literal>)." msgstr "" @@ -8314,9 +6792,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6329 msgid "" -"See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" -"handbook/serial.html#serial-hw-config\">Serial Communications</link> section " -"in the FreeBSD Handbook." +"See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/serial.html#serial-hw-config\">Serial Communications</link> section in " +"the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -8327,9 +6804,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6341 msgid "" -"Refer to the section about <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." -"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/dialup.html\">Dial-in Services</link> in the " -"FreeBSD Handbook." +"Refer to the section about <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/dialup.html\">Dial-in Services</link> in the FreeBSD " +"Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -8340,8 +6816,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6353 msgid "" -"This information is in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." -"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/term.html\">Terminals</link> section of the FreeBSD " +"This information is in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/term.html\">Terminals</link> section of the FreeBSD " "Handbook." msgstr "" @@ -8353,24 +6828,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6365 msgid "" -"The built-in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cu</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utilities can only " -"access the <filename>/var/spool/lock</filename> directory via user " -"<systemitem class=\"username\">uucp</systemitem> and group <systemitem class=" -"\"groupname\">dialer</systemitem>. Use the <systemitem class=\"groupname" -"\">dialer</systemitem> group to control who has access to the modem or " -"remote systems by adding user accounts to <systemitem class=\"groupname" -"\">dialer</systemitem>." +"The built-in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cu</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utilities can only access the <filename>/var/spool/lock</filename> directory via user <systemitem " +"class=\"username\">uucp</systemitem> and group <systemitem class=\"groupname\">dialer</systemitem>. Use the <systemitem class=\"groupname\">dialer</" +"systemitem> group to control who has access to the modem or remote systems by adding user accounts to <systemitem class=\"groupname\">dialer</" +"systemitem>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6374 msgid "" -"Alternatively, everyone can be configured to run " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cu</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> by typing:" +"Alternatively, everyone can be configured to run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cu</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> by typing:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -8388,64 +6857,49 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:6390 -msgid "" -"FreeBSD uses a lot of swap space even when the computer has free memory " -"left. Why?" +msgid "FreeBSD uses a lot of swap space even when the computer has free memory left. Why?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6395 msgid "" -"FreeBSD will proactively move entirely idle, unused pages of main memory " -"into swap in order to make more main memory available for active use. This " +"FreeBSD will proactively move entirely idle, unused pages of main memory into swap in order to make more main memory available for active use. This " "heavy use of swap is balanced by using the extra free memory for caching." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6401 msgid "" -"Note that while FreeBSD is proactive in this regard, it does not arbitrarily " -"decide to swap pages when the system is truly idle. Thus, the system will " +"Note that while FreeBSD is proactive in this regard, it does not arbitrarily decide to swap pages when the system is truly idle. Thus, the system will " "not be all paged out after leaving it idle overnight." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:6411 -msgid "" -"Why does <command>top</command> show very little free memory even when I " -"have very few programs running?" +msgid "Why does <command>top</command> show very little free memory even when I have very few programs running?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6416 msgid "" -"The simple answer is that free memory is wasted memory. Any memory that " -"programs do not actively allocate is used within the FreeBSD kernel as disk " -"cache. The values shown by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> labeled as " -"<literal>Inact</literal> and <literal>Laundry</literal> are cached data at " -"different aging levels. This cached data means the system does not have to " -"access a slow disk again for data it has accessed recently, thus increasing " -"overall performance. In general, a low value shown for <literal>Free</" -"literal> memory in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is good, provided it " -"is not <emphasis>very</emphasis> low." +"The simple answer is that free memory is wasted memory. Any memory that programs do not actively allocate is used within the FreeBSD kernel as disk " +"cache. The values shown by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> labeled as <literal>Inact</literal> " +"and <literal>Laundry</literal> are cached data at different aging levels. This cached data means the system does not have to access a slow disk again " +"for data it has accessed recently, thus increasing overall performance. In general, a low value shown for <literal>Free</literal> memory in " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is good, provided it is not <emphasis>very</emphasis> low." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:6433 -msgid "" -"Why will <command>chmod</command> not change the permissions on symlinks?" +msgid "Why will <command>chmod</command> not change the permissions on symlinks?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6438 msgid "" -"Symlinks do not have permissions, and by default, " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> will follow symlinks to change the permissions on the source " -"file, if possible. For the file, <filename>foo</filename> with a symlink " -"named <filename>bar</filename>, this command will always succeed." +"Symlinks do not have permissions, and by default, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> will follow " +"symlinks to change the permissions on the source file, if possible. For the file, <filename>foo</filename> with a symlink named <filename>bar</" +"filename>, this command will always succeed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen @@ -8456,36 +6910,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6447 -msgid "" -"However, the permissions on <filename>bar</filename> will not have changed." +msgid "However, the permissions on <filename>bar</filename> will not have changed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6450 msgid "" -"When changing modes of the file hierarchies rooted in the files instead of " -"the files themselves, use either <option>-H</option> or <option>-L</option> " -"together with <option>-R</option> to make this work. See " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>symlink</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information." +"When changing modes of the file hierarchies rooted in the files instead of the files themselves, use either <option>-H</option> or <option>-L</option> " +"together with <option>-R</option> to make this work. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>symlink</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para #: book.translate.xml:6458 msgid "" -"<option>-R</option> does a <emphasis>recursive</emphasis> " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry>. Be careful about specifying directories or symlinks to " -"directories to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. To change the " -"permissions of a directory referenced by a symlink, use " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> without any options and follow the symlink with a trailing " -"slash (<filename>/</filename>). For example, if <filename>foo</filename> is " -"a symlink to directory <filename>bar</filename>, to change the permissions " -"of <filename>foo</filename> (actually <filename>bar</filename>), do " -"something like:" +"<option>-R</option> does a <emphasis>recursive</emphasis> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Be " +"careful about specifying directories or symlinks to directories to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>. To change the permissions of a directory referenced by a symlink, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> without any options and follow the symlink with a trailing slash (<filename>/</filename>). For example, if <filename>foo</" +"filename> is a symlink to directory <filename>bar</filename>, to change the permissions of <filename>foo</filename> (actually <filename>bar</" +"filename>), do something like:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/screen @@ -8497,10 +6941,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para #: book.translate.xml:6473 msgid "" -"With the trailing slash, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> will follow the " -"symlink, <filename>foo</filename>, to change the permissions of the " -"directory, <filename>bar</filename>." +"With the trailing slash, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> will follow the symlink, " +"<filename>foo</filename>, to change the permissions of the directory, <filename>bar</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -8510,69 +6952,55 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6487 -msgid "" -"Yes. A DOS emulation program, <package>emulators/doscmd</package>, is " -"available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection." +msgid "Yes. A DOS emulation program, <package>emulators/doscmd</package>, is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6491 msgid "" -"If <application>doscmd</application> will not suffice, <package>emulators/" -"pcemu</package> emulates an 8088 and enough BIOS services to run many DOS " +"If <application>doscmd</application> will not suffice, <package>emulators/pcemu</package> emulates an 8088 and enough BIOS services to run many DOS " "text-mode applications. It requires the X Window System." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6497 msgid "" -"The Ports Collection also has <package>emulators/dosbox</package>. The main " -"focus of this application is emulating old DOS games using the local file " +"The Ports Collection also has <package>emulators/dosbox</package>. The main focus of this application is emulating old DOS games using the local file " "system for files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:6506 -msgid "" -"What do I need to do to translate a FreeBSD document into my native language?" +msgid "What do I need to do to translate a FreeBSD document into my native language?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6511 msgid "" -"See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-" -"primer/translations.html\">Translation <acronym>FAQ</acronym></link> in the " +"See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/translations.html\">Translation <acronym>FAQ</acronym></link> in the " "FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:6519 -msgid "" -"Why does my email to any address at <systemitem class=\"fqdomainname" -"\">FreeBSD.org</systemitem> bounce?" +msgid "Why does my email to any address at <systemitem class=\"fqdomainname\">FreeBSD.org</systemitem> bounce?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6524 msgid "" -"The <systemitem class=\"fqdomainname\">FreeBSD.org</systemitem> mail system " -"implements some <application>Postfix</application> checks on incoming mail " -"and rejects mail that is either from misconfigured relays or otherwise " -"appears likely to be spam. Some of the specific requirements are:" +"The <systemitem class=\"fqdomainname\">FreeBSD.org</systemitem> mail system implements some <application>Postfix</application> checks on incoming mail " +"and rejects mail that is either from misconfigured relays or otherwise appears likely to be spam. Some of the specific requirements are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:6532 -msgid "" -"The IP address of the SMTP client must \"reverse-resolve\" to a forward " -"confirmed hostname." +msgid "The IP address of the SMTP client must \"reverse-resolve\" to a forward confirmed hostname." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:6538 -msgid "" -"The fully-qualified hostname given in the SMTP conversation (either HELO or " -"EHLO) must resolve to the IP address of the client." +msgid "The fully-qualified hostname given in the SMTP conversation (either HELO or EHLO) must resolve to the IP address of the client." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -8582,25 +7010,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:6549 -msgid "" -"Mail should be sent in plain text, and messages sent to mailing lists should " -"generally be no more than 200KB in length." +msgid "Mail should be sent in plain text, and messages sent to mailing lists should generally be no more than 200KB in length." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:6555 -msgid "" -"Avoid excessive cross posting. Choose <emphasis>one</emphasis> mailing list " -"which seems most relevant and send it there." +msgid "Avoid excessive cross posting. Choose <emphasis>one</emphasis> mailing list which seems most relevant and send it there." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6561 msgid "" -"If you still have trouble with email infrastructure at <systemitem class=" -"\"fqdomainname\">FreeBSD.org</systemitem>, send a note with the details to " -"<email>postmaster@freebsd.org</email>; Include a date/time interval so that " -"logs may be reviewed — and note that we only keep one week's worth of mail " +"If you still have trouble with email infrastructure at <systemitem class=\"fqdomainname\">FreeBSD.org</systemitem>, send a note with the details to " +"<email>postmaster@freebsd.org</email>; Include a date/time interval so that logs may be reviewed — and note that we only keep one week's worth of mail " "logs. (Be sure to specify the time zone or offset from UTC.)" msgstr "" @@ -8612,24 +7034,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6578 msgid "" -"While FreeBSD does not provide open access to any of their servers, others " -"do provide open access <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> " +"While FreeBSD does not provide open access to any of their servers, others do provide open access <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> " "systems. The charge varies and limited services may be available." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6583 msgid "" -"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.arbornet.org/\">Arbornet, Inc</link>, also " -"known as <emphasis>M-Net</emphasis>, has been providing open access to " -"<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> systems since 1983. " -"Starting on an Altos running System III, the site switched to BSD/OS in " -"1991. In June of 2000, the site switched again to FreeBSD. <emphasis>M-Net</" -"emphasis> can be accessed via <application>telnet</application> and " -"<application>SSH</application> and provides basic access to the entire " -"FreeBSD software suite. However, network access is limited to members and " -"patrons who donate to the system, which is run as a non-profit organization. " -"<emphasis>M-Net</emphasis> also provides an bulletin board system and " +"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.arbornet.org/\">Arbornet, Inc</link>, also known as <emphasis>M-Net</emphasis>, has been providing open access to " +"<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> systems since 1983. Starting on an Altos running System III, the site switched to BSD/OS in 1991. In " +"June of 2000, the site switched again to FreeBSD. <emphasis>M-Net</emphasis> can be accessed via <application>telnet</application> and " +"<application>SSH</application> and provides basic access to the entire FreeBSD software suite. However, network access is limited to members and " +"patrons who donate to the system, which is run as a non-profit organization. <emphasis>M-Net</emphasis> also provides an bulletin board system and " "interactive chat." msgstr "" @@ -8641,16 +7057,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6605 msgid "" -"He does not have one, and is just called <quote>the BSD daemon</quote>. If " -"you insist upon using a name, call him <quote>beastie</quote>. Note that " +"He does not have one, and is just called <quote>the BSD daemon</quote>. If you insist upon using a name, call him <quote>beastie</quote>. Note that " "<quote>beastie</quote> is pronounced <quote>BSD</quote>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6611 -msgid "" -"More about the BSD daemon is available on his <link xlink:href=\"http://www." -"mckusick.com/beastie/index.html\">home page</link>." +msgid "More about the BSD daemon is available on his <link xlink:href=\"http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/index.html\">home page</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -8661,19 +7074,15 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6622 msgid "" -"Perhaps. The BSD daemon is copyrighted by Marshall Kirk McKusick. Check his " -"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/mainpage/copyright.html" -"\">Statement on the Use of the BSD Daemon Figure</link> for detailed usage " -"terms." +"Perhaps. The BSD daemon is copyrighted by Marshall Kirk McKusick. Check his <link xlink:href=\"http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/mainpage/copyright.html" +"\">Statement on the Use of the BSD Daemon Figure</link> for detailed usage terms." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6627 msgid "" -"In summary, the image can be used in a tasteful manner, for personal use, so " -"long as appropriate credit is given. Before using the logo commercially, " -"contact Kirk McKusick <email>mckusick@FreeBSD.org</email> for permission. " -"More details are available on the <link xlink:href=\"http://www.mckusick.com/" +"In summary, the image can be used in a tasteful manner, for personal use, so long as appropriate credit is given. Before using the logo commercially, " +"contact Kirk McKusick <email>mckusick@FreeBSD.org</email> for permission. More details are available on the <link xlink:href=\"http://www.mckusick.com/" "beastie/index.html\">BSD Daemon's home page</link>." msgstr "" @@ -8684,23 +7093,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6642 -msgid "" -"Xfig and eps drawings are available under <filename>/usr/share/examples/" -"BSD_daemon/</filename>." +msgid "Xfig and eps drawings are available under <filename>/usr/share/examples/BSD_daemon/</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:6649 -msgid "" -"I have seen an acronym or other term on the mailing lists and I do not " -"understand what it means. Where should I look?" +msgid "I have seen an acronym or other term on the mailing lists and I do not understand what it means. Where should I look?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6655 -msgid "" -"Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" -"handbook/freebsd-glossary.html\">FreeBSD Glossary</link>." +msgid "Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/freebsd-glossary.html\">FreeBSD Glossary</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -8711,48 +7114,38 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6666 msgid "" -"The really, really short answer is that you should not. The somewhat longer " -"answer is that just because you are capable of building a bikeshed does not " -"mean you should stop others from building one just because you do not like " -"the color they plan to paint it. This is a metaphor indicating that you need " -"not argue about every little feature just because you know enough to do so. " -"Some people have commented that the amount of noise generated by a change is " -"inversely proportional to the complexity of the change." +"The really, really short answer is that you should not. The somewhat longer answer is that just because you are capable of building a bikeshed does not " +"mean you should stop others from building one just because you do not like the color they plan to paint it. This is a metaphor indicating that you need " +"not argue about every little feature just because you know enough to do so. Some people have commented that the amount of noise generated by a change " +"is inversely proportional to the complexity of the change." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6677 msgid "" -"The longer and more complete answer is that after a very long argument about " -"whether <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sleep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> should take fractional second arguments, Poul-" -"Henning Kamp <email>phk@FreeBSD.org</email> posted a long message entitled " -"<quote><link xlink:href=\"http://www.bikeshed.com\">A bike shed (any color " -"will do) on greener grass...</link></quote>. The appropriate portions of " +"The longer and more complete answer is that after a very long argument about whether <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sleep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> should take fractional second arguments, Poul-Henning Kamp <email>phk@FreeBSD.org</email> posted a long message entitled " +"<quote><link xlink:href=\"http://www.bikeshed.com\">A bike shed (any color will do) on greener grass...</link></quote>. The appropriate portions of " "that message are quoted below." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/attribution #: book.translate.xml:6686 msgid "" -"Poul-Henning Kamp <email>phk@FreeBSD.org</email> on <link xlink:href=" -"\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers\">freebsd-" -"hackers</link>, October 2, 1999" +"Poul-Henning Kamp <email>phk@FreeBSD.org</email> on <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers\">freebsd-hackers</" +"link>, October 2, 1999" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/para #: book.translate.xml:6689 -msgid "" -"<quote>What is it about this bike shed?</quote> Some of you have asked me." +msgid "<quote>What is it about this bike shed?</quote> Some of you have asked me." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/para #: book.translate.xml:6692 msgid "" -"It is a long story, or rather it is an old story, but it is quite short " -"actually. C. Northcote Parkinson wrote a book in the early 1960s, called " -"<quote>Parkinson's Law</quote>, which contains a lot of insight into the " -"dynamics of management." +"It is a long story, or rather it is an old story, but it is quite short actually. C. Northcote Parkinson wrote a book in the early 1960s, called " +"<quote>Parkinson's Law</quote>, which contains a lot of insight into the dynamics of management." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/para @@ -8762,49 +7155,38 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/para #: book.translate.xml:6701 -msgid "" -"In the specific example involving the bike shed, the other vital component " -"is an atomic power-plant, I guess that illustrates the age of the book." +msgid "In the specific example involving the bike shed, the other vital component is an atomic power-plant, I guess that illustrates the age of the book." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/para #: book.translate.xml:6705 msgid "" -"Parkinson shows how you can go into the board of directors and get approval " -"for building a multi-million or even billion dollar atomic power plant, but " -"if you want to build a bike shed you will be tangled up in endless " -"discussions." +"Parkinson shows how you can go into the board of directors and get approval for building a multi-million or even billion dollar atomic power plant, but " +"if you want to build a bike shed you will be tangled up in endless discussions." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/para #: book.translate.xml:6711 msgid "" -"Parkinson explains that this is because an atomic plant is so vast, so " -"expensive and so complicated that people cannot grasp it, and rather than " -"try, they fall back on the assumption that somebody else checked all the " -"details before it got this far. Richard P. Feynmann gives a couple of " -"interesting, and very much to the point, examples relating to Los Alamos in " -"his books." +"Parkinson explains that this is because an atomic plant is so vast, so expensive and so complicated that people cannot grasp it, and rather than try, " +"they fall back on the assumption that somebody else checked all the details before it got this far. Richard P. Feynmann gives a couple of interesting, " +"and very much to the point, examples relating to Los Alamos in his books." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/para #: book.translate.xml:6720 msgid "" -"A bike shed on the other hand. Anyone can build one of those over a weekend, " -"and still have time to watch the game on TV. So no matter how well prepared, " -"no matter how reasonable you are with your proposal, somebody will seize the " -"chance to show that he is doing his job, that he is paying attention, that " -"he is <emphasis>here</emphasis>." +"A bike shed on the other hand. Anyone can build one of those over a weekend, and still have time to watch the game on TV. So no matter how well " +"prepared, no matter how reasonable you are with your proposal, somebody will seize the chance to show that he is doing his job, that he is paying " +"attention, that he is <emphasis>here</emphasis>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/para #: book.translate.xml:6728 msgid "" -"In Denmark we call it <quote>setting your fingerprint</quote>. It is about " -"personal pride and prestige, it is about being able to point somewhere and " -"say <quote>There! <emphasis>I</emphasis> did that.</quote> It is a strong " -"trait in politicians, but present in most people given the chance. Just " -"think about footsteps in wet cement." +"In Denmark we call it <quote>setting your fingerprint</quote>. It is about personal pride and prestige, it is about being able to point somewhere and " +"say <quote>There! <emphasis>I</emphasis> did that.</quote> It is a strong trait in politicians, but present in most people given the chance. Just think " +"about footsteps in wet cement." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title @@ -8820,34 +7202,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6751 msgid "" -"Q. Has anyone done any temperature testing while running FreeBSD? I know " -"<trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> runs cooler than DOS, but " +"Q. Has anyone done any temperature testing while running FreeBSD? I know <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> runs cooler than DOS, but " "have never seen a mention of FreeBSD. It seems to run really hot." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6756 msgid "" -"A. No, but we have done numerous taste tests on blindfolded volunteers who " -"have also had 250 micrograms of LSD-25 administered beforehand. 35% of the " -"volunteers said that FreeBSD tasted sort of orange, whereas <trademark class=" -"\"registered\">Linux</trademark> tasted like purple haze. Neither group " -"mentioned any significant variances in temperature. We eventually had to " -"throw the results of this survey out entirely anyway when we found that too " -"many volunteers were wandering out of the room during the tests, thus " -"skewing the results. We think most of the volunteers are at Apple now, " -"working on their new <quote>scratch and sniff</quote> GUI. It is a funny old " -"business we are in!" +"A. No, but we have done numerous taste tests on blindfolded volunteers who have also had 250 micrograms of LSD-25 administered beforehand. 35% of the " +"volunteers said that FreeBSD tasted sort of orange, whereas <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> tasted like purple haze. Neither group " +"mentioned any significant variances in temperature. We eventually had to throw the results of this survey out entirely anyway when we found that too " +"many volunteers were wandering out of the room during the tests, thus skewing the results. We think most of the volunteers are at Apple now, working on " +"their new <quote>scratch and sniff</quote> GUI. It is a funny old business we are in!" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6769 msgid "" -"Seriously, FreeBSD uses the <acronym>HLT</acronym> (halt) instruction when " -"the system is idle thus lowering its energy consumption and therefore the " -"heat it generates. Also if you have <acronym>ACPI</acronym> (Advanced " -"Configuration and Power Interface) configured, then FreeBSD can also put the " -"CPU into a low power mode." +"Seriously, FreeBSD uses the <acronym>HLT</acronym> (halt) instruction when the system is idle thus lowering its energy consumption and therefore the " +"heat it generates. Also if you have <acronym>ACPI</acronym> (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) configured, then FreeBSD can also put the CPU " +"into a low power mode." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -8858,36 +7232,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6784 msgid "" -"Q. Is there anything <quote>odd</quote> that FreeBSD does when compiling the " -"kernel which would cause the memory to make a scratchy sound? When compiling " -"(and for a brief moment after recognizing the floppy drive upon startup, as " -"well), a strange scratchy sound emanates from what appears to be the memory " -"banks." +"Q. Is there anything <quote>odd</quote> that FreeBSD does when compiling the kernel which would cause the memory to make a scratchy sound? When " +"compiling (and for a brief moment after recognizing the floppy drive upon startup, as well), a strange scratchy sound emanates from what appears to be " +"the memory banks." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6791 msgid "" -"A. Yes! You will see frequent references to <quote>daemons</quote> in the " -"BSD documentation, and what most people do not know is that this refers to " -"genuine, non-corporeal entities that now possess your computer. The scratchy " -"sound coming from your memory is actually high-pitched whispering exchanged " -"among the daemons as they best decide how to deal with various system " -"administration tasks." +"A. Yes! You will see frequent references to <quote>daemons</quote> in the BSD documentation, and what most people do not know is that this refers to " +"genuine, non-corporeal entities that now possess your computer. The scratchy sound coming from your memory is actually high-pitched whispering " +"exchanged among the daemons as they best decide how to deal with various system administration tasks." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6800 msgid "" -"If the noise gets to you, a good <command>fdisk /mbr</command> from DOS will " -"get rid of them, but do not be surprised if they react adversely and try to " -"stop you. In fact, if at any point during the exercise you hear the satanic " -"voice of Bill Gates coming from the built-in speaker, take off running and " -"do not ever look back! Freed from the counterbalancing influence of the BSD " -"daemons, the twin demons of DOS and <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</" -"trademark> are often able to re-assert total control over your machine to " -"the eternal damnation of your soul. Now that you know, given a choice you " -"would probably prefer to get used to the scratchy noises, no?" +"If the noise gets to you, a good <command>fdisk /mbr</command> from DOS will get rid of them, but do not be surprised if they react adversely and try " +"to stop you. In fact, if at any point during the exercise you hear the satanic voice of Bill Gates coming from the built-in speaker, take off running " +"and do not ever look back! Freed from the counterbalancing influence of the BSD daemons, the twin demons of DOS and <trademark class=\"registered" +"\">Windows</trademark> are often able to re-assert total control over your machine to the eternal damnation of your soul. Now that you know, given a " +"choice you would probably prefer to get used to the scratchy noises, no?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -8907,29 +7272,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6827 -msgid "" -"Four to claim that it is a configuration problem, and that such matters " -"really belong on -questions;" +msgid "Four to claim that it is a configuration problem, and that such matters really belong on -questions;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6830 -msgid "" -"Three to submit PRs about it, one of which is misfiled under doc and " -"consists only of <quote>it's dark</quote>;" +msgid "Three to submit PRs about it, one of which is misfiled under doc and consists only of <quote>it's dark</quote>;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6834 -msgid "" -"One to commit an untested lightbulb which breaks buildworld, then back it " -"out five minutes later;" +msgid "One to commit an untested lightbulb which breaks buildworld, then back it out five minutes later;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6837 -msgid "" -"Eight to flame the PR originators for not including patches in their PRs;" +msgid "Eight to flame the PR originators for not including patches in their PRs;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -8939,9 +7297,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6842 -msgid "" -"Thirty-one to answer that it works for them, and they must have updated at a " -"bad time;" +msgid "Thirty-one to answer that it works for them, and they must have updated at a bad time;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -8952,16 +7308,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6848 msgid "" -"One to complain that he had patches for this three years ago, but when he " -"sent them to -CURRENT they were just ignored, and he has had bad experiences " +"One to complain that he had patches for this three years ago, but when he sent them to -CURRENT they were just ignored, and he has had bad experiences " "with the PR system; besides, the proposed new lightbulb is non-reflexive;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6854 msgid "" -"Thirty-seven to scream that lightbulbs do not belong in the base system, " -"that committers have no right to do things like this without consulting the " +"Thirty-seven to scream that lightbulbs do not belong in the base system, that committers have no right to do things like this without consulting the " "Community, and WHAT IS -CORE DOING ABOUT IT!?" msgstr "" @@ -8972,9 +7326,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6862 -msgid "" -"Three to point out that the patch breaks <citerefentry><refentrytitle>style</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>9</manvolnum></citerefentry>;" +msgid "Three to point out that the patch breaks <citerefentry><refentrytitle>style</refentrytitle><manvolnum>9</manvolnum></citerefentry>;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -8985,8 +7337,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6868 msgid "" -"Five hundred and eighty-six to engage in a flame war about the comparative " -"advantages of the GPL, the BSD license, the MIT license, the NPL, and the " +"Five hundred and eighty-six to engage in a flame war about the comparative advantages of the GPL, the BSD license, the MIT license, the NPL, and the " "personal hygiene of unnamed FSF founders;" msgstr "" @@ -8997,59 +7348,45 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6876 -msgid "" -"One to commit the suggested lightbulb, even though it shines dimmer than the " -"old one;" +msgid "One to commit the suggested lightbulb, even though it shines dimmer than the old one;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6879 -msgid "" -"Two to back it out with a furious flame of a commit message, arguing that " -"FreeBSD is better off in the dark than with a dim lightbulb;" +msgid "Two to back it out with a furious flame of a commit message, arguing that FreeBSD is better off in the dark than with a dim lightbulb;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6883 -msgid "" -"Forty-six to argue vociferously about the backing out of the dim lightbulb " -"and demanding a statement from -core;" +msgid "Forty-six to argue vociferously about the backing out of the dim lightbulb and demanding a statement from -core;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6887 -msgid "" -"Eleven to request a smaller lightbulb so it will fit their Tamagotchi if we " -"ever decide to port FreeBSD to that platform;" +msgid "Eleven to request a smaller lightbulb so it will fit their Tamagotchi if we ever decide to port FreeBSD to that platform;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6891 -msgid "" -"Seventy-three to complain about the SNR on -hackers and -chat and " -"unsubscribe in protest;" +msgid "Seventy-three to complain about the SNR on -hackers and -chat and unsubscribe in protest;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6894 msgid "" -"Thirteen to post <quote>unsubscribe</quote>, <quote>How do I unsubscribe?</" -"quote>, or <quote>Please remove me from the list</quote>, followed by the " +"Thirteen to post <quote>unsubscribe</quote>, <quote>How do I unsubscribe?</quote>, or <quote>Please remove me from the list</quote>, followed by the " "usual footer;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6899 -msgid "" -"One to commit a working lightbulb while everybody is too busy flaming " -"everybody else to notice;" +msgid "One to commit a working lightbulb while everybody is too busy flaming everybody else to notice;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6902 msgid "" -"Thirty-one to point out that the new lightbulb would shine 0.364% brighter " -"if compiled with TenDRA (although it will have to be reshaped into a cube), " +"Thirty-one to point out that the new lightbulb would shine 0.364% brighter if compiled with TenDRA (although it will have to be reshaped into a cube), " "and that FreeBSD should therefore switch to TenDRA instead of GCC;" msgstr "" @@ -9065,9 +7402,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6913 -msgid "" -"Fifty-seven to complain about the lights being out two weeks after the bulb " -"has been changed." +msgid "Fifty-seven to complain about the lights being out two weeks after the bulb has been changed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -9082,9 +7417,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6921 -msgid "" -"<emphasis>And then I thought, <quote>Hang on, shouldn't there be '1 to " -"document it.' in that list somewhere?</quote></emphasis>" +msgid "<emphasis>And then I thought, <quote>Hang on, shouldn't there be '1 to document it.' in that list somewhere?</quote></emphasis>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -9095,8 +7428,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6928 msgid "" -"<emphasis>Thomas Abthorpe <email>tabthorpe@FreeBSD.org</email></emphasis> " -"says: <quote>None, <emphasis>real</emphasis> FreeBSD hackers are not afraid " +"<emphasis>Thomas Abthorpe <email>tabthorpe@FreeBSD.org</email></emphasis> says: <quote>None, <emphasis>real</emphasis> FreeBSD hackers are not afraid " "of the dark!</quote>" msgstr "" @@ -9108,20 +7440,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6941 msgid "" -"It goes into a special data sink in the CPU where it is converted to heat " -"which is vented through the heatsink / fan assembly. This is why CPU cooling " -"is increasingly important; as people get used to faster processors, they " -"become careless with their data and more and more of it ends up in " -"<filename>/dev/null</filename>, overheating their CPUs. If you delete " -"<filename>/dev/null</filename> (which effectively disables the CPU data " -"sink) your CPU may run cooler but your system will quickly become " -"constipated with all that excess data and start to behave erratically. If " -"you have a fast network connection you can cool down your CPU by reading " -"data out of <filename>/dev/random</filename> and sending it off somewhere; " -"however you run the risk of overheating your network connection and " -"<filename>/</filename> or angering your ISP, as most of the data will end up " -"getting converted to heat by their equipment, but they generally have good " -"cooling, so if you do not overdo it you should be OK." +"It goes into a special data sink in the CPU where it is converted to heat which is vented through the heatsink / fan assembly. This is why CPU cooling " +"is increasingly important; as people get used to faster processors, they become careless with their data and more and more of it ends up in <filename>/" +"dev/null</filename>, overheating their CPUs. If you delete <filename>/dev/null</filename> (which effectively disables the CPU data sink) your CPU may " +"run cooler but your system will quickly become constipated with all that excess data and start to behave erratically. If you have a fast network " +"connection you can cool down your CPU by reading data out of <filename>/dev/random</filename> and sending it off somewhere; however you run the risk of " +"overheating your network connection and <filename>/</filename> or angering your ISP, as most of the data will end up getting converted to heat by their " +"equipment, but they generally have good cooling, so if you do not overdo it you should be OK." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -9132,34 +7457,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6963 msgid "" -"There are other methods. As every good sysadmin knows, it is part of " -"standard practice to send data to the screen of interesting variety to keep " -"all the pixies that make up your picture happy. Screen pixies (commonly mis-" -"typed or re-named as <quote>pixels</quote>) are categorized by the type of " -"hat they wear (red, green or blue) and will hide or appear (thereby showing " -"the color of their hat) whenever they receive a little piece of food. Video " -"cards turn data into pixie-food, and then send them to the pixies — the more " -"expensive the card, the better the food, so the better behaved the pixies " +"There are other methods. As every good sysadmin knows, it is part of standard practice to send data to the screen of interesting variety to keep all " +"the pixies that make up your picture happy. Screen pixies (commonly mis-typed or re-named as <quote>pixels</quote>) are categorized by the type of hat " +"they wear (red, green or blue) and will hide or appear (thereby showing the color of their hat) whenever they receive a little piece of food. Video " +"cards turn data into pixie-food, and then send them to the pixies — the more expensive the card, the better the food, so the better behaved the pixies " "are. They also need constant stimulation — this is why screen savers exist." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6977 msgid "" -"To take your suggestions further, you could just throw the random data to " -"console, thereby letting the pixies consume it. This causes no heat to be " -"produced at all, keeps the pixies happy and gets rid of your data quite " -"quickly, even if it does make things look a bit messy on your screen." +"To take your suggestions further, you could just throw the random data to console, thereby letting the pixies consume it. This causes no heat to be " +"produced at all, keeps the pixies happy and gets rid of your data quite quickly, even if it does make things look a bit messy on your screen." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:6984 msgid "" -"Incidentally, as an ex-admin of a large ISP who experienced many problems " -"attempting to maintain a stable temperature in a server room, I would " -"strongly discourage people sending the data they do not want out to the " -"network. The fairies who do the packet switching and routing get annoyed by " -"it as well." +"Incidentally, as an ex-admin of a large ISP who experienced many problems attempting to maintain a stable temperature in a server room, I would " +"strongly discourage people sending the data they do not want out to the network. The fairies who do the packet switching and routing get annoyed by it " +"as well." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -9169,9 +7486,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:7000 -msgid "" -"Install <package role=\"port\">games/sl</package> and wait for her to " -"mistype <userinput>sl</userinput> for <command>ls</command>." +msgid "Install <package role=\"port\">games/sl</package> and wait for her to mistype <userinput>sl</userinput> for <command>ls</command>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title @@ -9186,16 +7501,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:7018 -msgid "" -"See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-" -"handbook\">FreeBSD Architecture Handbook</link>." +msgid "See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook\">FreeBSD Architecture Handbook</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:7021 -msgid "" -"Additionally, much general <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> " -"knowledge is directly applicable to FreeBSD." +msgid "Additionally, much general <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> knowledge is directly applicable to FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -9207,13 +7518,10 @@ msgstr "" #: book.translate.xml:7033 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"We accept all types of contributions: documentation, code, and even art. See " -"the article on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/" -"articles/contributing/article.html\">Contributing to FreeBSD</link> for " -"specific advice on how to do this." +"We accept all types of contributions: documentation, code, and even art. See the article on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/" +"articles/contributing/article.html\">Contributing to FreeBSD</link> for specific advice on how to do this." msgstr "" -"然而，在您回報問題之前，請先閱讀 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" -"en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/article.html\">如何撰寫 FreeBSD 的問" +"然而，在您回報問題之前，請先閱讀 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/article.html\">如何撰寫 FreeBSD 的問" "題回報單</link>，這是一篇告訴你怎樣才能寫出一篇真正有用的問題回報單。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -9229,46 +7537,38 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:7048 msgid "" -"There are currently 3 active/semi-active branches in the FreeBSD <link xlink:" -"href=\"http://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/base/\">Subversion Repository</link>. " -"(Earlier branches are only changed very rarely, which is why there are only " -"3 active branches of development):" +"There are currently 2 active/semi-active branches in the FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"http://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/base/\">Subversion Repository</link>. " +"(Earlier branches are only changed very rarely, which is why there are only 2 active branches of development):" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:7056 -msgid "<symbol>stable/10/</symbol> AKA <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis>" +msgid "<symbol>stable/11/</symbol> AKA <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:7061 -msgid "<symbol>stable/11/</symbol> AKA <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis>" +msgid "<symbol>stable/12/</symbol> AKA <emphasis>12-STABLE</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:7066 -msgid "" -"<symbol>head/</symbol> AKA <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> AKA <emphasis>12-" -"CURRENT</emphasis>" +msgid "<symbol>head/</symbol> AKA <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> AKA <emphasis>12-CURRENT</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:7072 msgid "" -"<literal>HEAD</literal> is not an actual branch tag. It is a symbolic " -"constant for the current, non-branched development stream known as " -"<emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>." +"<literal>HEAD</literal> is not an actual branch tag. It is a symbolic constant for the current, non-branched development stream known as <emphasis>-" +"CURRENT</emphasis>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:7078 msgid "" -"Right now, <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> is the 12.<replaceable>X</" -"replaceable> development stream; the <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> branch, " -"<symbol>stable/11/</symbol>, forked off from <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> " -"in April 2016 and the <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> branch, " -"<symbol>stable/10/</symbol>, forked off from <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> " -"in August 2015." +"Right now, <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> is the 13.<replaceable>X</replaceable> development stream; the <emphasis>12-STABLE</emphasis> branch, " +"<symbol>stable/12/</symbol>, forked off from <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> in December 2018 and the <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> branch, " +"<symbol>stable/11/</symbol>, forked off from <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> in October 2016." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -9303,12 +7603,9 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:7110 msgid "" -"This message is not enough. While the instruction pointer value is " -"important, it is also configuration dependent as it varies depending on the " -"kernel image. If it is a <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel image from one " -"of the snapshots, it is possible for somebody else to track down the " -"offending function, but for a custom kernel, only you can tell us where the " -"fault occurred." +"This message is not enough. While the instruction pointer value is important, it is also configuration dependent as it varies depending on the kernel " +"image. If it is a <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel image from one of the snapshots, it is possible for somebody else to track down the offending " +"function, but for a custom kernel, only you can tell us where the fault occurred." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -9319,8 +7616,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para #: book.translate.xml:7123 msgid "" -"Write down the instruction pointer value. Note that the <literal>0x8:</" -"literal> part at the beginning is not significant in this case: it is the " +"Write down the instruction pointer value. Note that the <literal>0x8:</literal> part at the beginning is not significant in this case: it is the " "<literal>0xf0xxxxxx</literal> part that we want." msgstr "" @@ -9338,12 +7634,9 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para #: book.translate.xml:7135 msgid "" -"where <literal>f0xxxxxx</literal> is the instruction pointer value. The odds " -"are you will not get an exact match since the symbols in the kernel symbol " -"table are for the entry points of functions and the instruction pointer " -"address will be somewhere inside a function, not at the start. If you do not " -"get an exact match, omit the last digit from the instruction pointer value " -"and try again:" +"where <literal>f0xxxxxx</literal> is the instruction pointer value. The odds are you will not get an exact match since the symbols in the kernel symbol " +"table are for the entry points of functions and the instruction pointer address will be somewhere inside a function, not at the start. If you do not " +"get an exact match, omit the last digit from the instruction pointer value and try again:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen @@ -9355,19 +7648,15 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para #: book.translate.xml:7146 msgid "" -"If that does not yield any results, chop off another digit. Repeat until " -"there is some sort of output. The result will be a possible list of " -"functions which caused the panic. This is a less than exact mechanism for " -"tracking down the point of failure, but it is better than nothing." +"If that does not yield any results, chop off another digit. Repeat until there is some sort of output. The result will be a possible list of functions " +"which caused the panic. This is a less than exact mechanism for tracking down the point of failure, but it is better than nothing." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:7155 msgid "" -"However, the best way to track down the cause of a panic is by capturing a " -"crash dump, then using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kgdb</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to generate a stack " -"trace on the crash dump." +"However, the best way to track down the cause of a panic is by capturing a crash dump, then using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kgdb</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to generate a stack trace on the crash dump." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -9377,9 +7666,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para #: book.translate.xml:7164 -msgid "" -"Make sure that the following line is included in the kernel configuration " -"file:" +msgid "Make sure that the following line is included in the kernel configuration file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting @@ -9412,9 +7699,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para #: book.translate.xml:7184 -msgid "" -"Wait for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>make</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> to finish compiling." +msgid "Wait for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>make</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to finish compiling." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen @@ -9430,55 +7715,38 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para #: book.translate.xml:7197 -msgid "" -"If <varname>KERNCONF</varname> is not included, the <filename>GENERIC</" -"filename> kernel will instead be built and installed." +msgid "If <varname>KERNCONF</varname> is not included, the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel will instead be built and installed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:7202 msgid "" -"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>make</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry> process will have built two kernels. <filename>/" -"usr/obj/usr/src/sys/MYKERNEL/kernel</filename> and <filename>/usr/obj/usr/" -"src/sys/MYKERNEL/kernel.debug</filename>. <filename>kernel</filename> was " -"installed as <filename>/boot/kernel/kernel</filename>, while " -"<filename>kernel.debug</filename> can be used as the source of debugging " -"symbols for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kgdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" -"manvolnum></citerefentry>." +"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>make</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> process will have built two kernels. <filename>/usr/obj/" +"usr/src/sys/MYKERNEL/kernel</filename> and <filename>/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/MYKERNEL/kernel.debug</filename>. <filename>kernel</filename> was installed " +"as <filename>/boot/kernel/kernel</filename>, while <filename>kernel.debug</filename> can be used as the source of debugging symbols for " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kgdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:7211 msgid "" -"To capture a crash dump, edit <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and set " -"<literal>dumpdev</literal> to point to either the swap partition or " -"<literal>AUTO</literal>. This will cause the " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> scripts to use the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dumpon</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command to enable " -"crash dumps. This command can also be run manually. After a panic, the crash " -"dump can be recovered using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>savecore</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>; if <literal>dumpdev</" -"literal> is set in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, the " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> scripts will run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>savecore</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> automatically and put " -"the crash dump in <filename>/var/crash</filename>." +"To capture a crash dump, edit <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and set <literal>dumpdev</literal> to point to either the swap partition or " +"<literal>AUTO</literal>. This will cause the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> scripts to use the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dumpon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command to enable crash dumps. This command can also be run " +"manually. After a panic, the crash dump can be recovered using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>savecore</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>; if <literal>dumpdev</literal> is set in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> scripts will run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>savecore</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> automatically and put the crash dump in <filename>/var/crash</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para #: book.translate.xml:7224 msgid "" -"FreeBSD crash dumps are usually the same size as physical RAM. Therefore, " -"make sure there is enough space in <filename>/var/crash</filename> to hold " -"the dump. Alternatively, run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>savecore</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manually and have it " -"recover the crash dump to another directory with more room. It is possible " -"to limit the size of the crash dump by using <literal>options MAXMEM=N</" -"literal> where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the size of kernel's memory " -"usage in KBs. For example, for 1 GB of RAM, limit the kernel's memory usage " -"to 128 MB, so that the crash dump size will be 128 MB instead of 1 GB." +"FreeBSD crash dumps are usually the same size as physical RAM. Therefore, make sure there is enough space in <filename>/var/crash</filename> to hold " +"the dump. Alternatively, run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>savecore</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manually and have it recover " +"the crash dump to another directory with more room. It is possible to limit the size of the crash dump by using <literal>options MAXMEM=N</literal> " +"where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the size of kernel's memory usage in KBs. For example, for 1 GB of RAM, limit the kernel's memory usage to " +"128 MB, so that the crash dump size will be 128 MB instead of 1 GB." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para @@ -9497,58 +7765,45 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:7245 msgid "" -"Note that there may be several screens worth of information. Ideally, use " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>script</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> to capture all of them. Using the unstripped kernel image with " -"all the debug symbols should show the exact line of kernel source code where " -"the panic occurred. The stack trace is usually read from the bottom up to " -"trace the exact sequence of events that lead to the crash. " -"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kgdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" -"citerefentry> can also be used to print out the contents of various " +"Note that there may be several screens worth of information. Ideally, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>script</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> to capture all of them. Using the unstripped kernel image with all the debug symbols should show the exact line of kernel source code " +"where the panic occurred. The stack trace is usually read from the bottom up to trace the exact sequence of events that lead to the crash. " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kgdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> can also be used to print out the contents of various " "variables or structures to examine the system state at the time of the crash." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para #: book.translate.xml:7257 msgid "" -"If a second computer is available, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kgdb</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> can be configured to " -"do remote debugging, including setting breakpoints and single-stepping " -"through the kernel code." +"If a second computer is available, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kgdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> can be configured to do " +"remote debugging, including setting breakpoints and single-stepping through the kernel code." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para #: book.translate.xml:7264 msgid "" -"If <literal>DDB</literal> is enabled and the kernel drops into the debugger, " -"a panic and a crash dump can be forced by typing <literal>panic</literal> at " -"the <literal>ddb</literal> prompt. It may stop in the debugger again during " -"the panic phase. If it does, type <literal>continue</literal> and it will " -"finish the crash dump." +"If <literal>DDB</literal> is enabled and the kernel drops into the debugger, a panic and a crash dump can be forced by typing <literal>panic</literal> " +"at the <literal>ddb</literal> prompt. It may stop in the debugger again during the panic phase. If it does, type <literal>continue</literal> and it " +"will finish the crash dump." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:7278 -msgid "" -"Why has <function>dlsym()</function> stopped working for ELF executables?" +msgid "Why has <function>dlsym()</function> stopped working for ELF executables?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:7283 msgid "" -"The ELF toolchain does not, by default, make the symbols defined in an " -"executable visible to the dynamic linker. Consequently <function>dlsym()</" -"function> searches on handles obtained from calls to <function>dlopen(NULL, " -"flags)</function> will fail to find such symbols." +"The ELF toolchain does not, by default, make the symbols defined in an executable visible to the dynamic linker. Consequently <function>dlsym()</" +"function> searches on handles obtained from calls to <function>dlopen(NULL, flags)</function> will fail to find such symbols." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:7290 msgid "" -"To search, using <function>dlsym()</function>, for symbols present in the " -"main executable of a process, link the executable using the <option>--export-" -"dynamic</option> option to the ELF linker (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ld</" -"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>)." +"To search, using <function>dlsym()</function>, for symbols present in the main executable of a process, link the executable using the <option>--export-" +"dynamic</option> option to the ELF linker (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ld</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para @@ -9559,16 +7814,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:7305 msgid "" -"By default, the kernel address space is 1 GB (2 GB for PAE) for i386. When " -"running a network-intensive server or using ZFS, this will probably not be " +"By default, the kernel address space is 1 GB (2 GB for PAE) for i386. When running a network-intensive server or using ZFS, this will probably not be " "enough." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:7311 -msgid "" -"Add the following line to the kernel configuration file to increase " -"available space and rebuild the kernel:" +msgid "Add the following line to the kernel configuration file to increase available space and rebuild the kernel:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting @@ -9580,8 +7832,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:7317 msgid "" -"To find the correct value of <replaceable>N</replaceable>, divide the " -"desired address space size (in megabytes) by four. (For example, it is " +"To find the correct value of <replaceable>N</replaceable>, divide the desired address space size (in megabytes) by four. (For example, it is " "<literal>512</literal> for 2 GB.)" msgstr "" @@ -9593,18 +7844,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/para #: book.translate.xml:7329 msgid "" -"This innocent little Frequently Asked Questions document has been written, " -"rewritten, edited, folded, spindled, mutilated, eviscerated, contemplated, " -"discombobulated, cogitated, regurgitated, rebuilt, castigated, and " -"reinvigorated over the last decade, by a cast of hundreds if not thousands. " +"This innocent little Frequently Asked Questions document has been written, rewritten, edited, folded, spindled, mutilated, eviscerated, contemplated, " +"discombobulated, cogitated, regurgitated, rebuilt, castigated, and reinvigorated over the last decade, by a cast of hundreds if not thousands. " "Repeatedly." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/para #: book.translate.xml:7336 msgid "" -"We wish to thank every one of the people responsible, and we encourage you " -"to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/" -"contributing/article.html\">join them</link> in making this <acronym>FAQ</" -"acronym> even better." +"We wish to thank every one of the people responsible, and we encourage you to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/" +"contributing/article.html\">join them</link> in making this <acronym>FAQ</acronym> even better." msgstr "" |