diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/Makefile | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.sgml | 926 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | share/sgml/man-refs.ent | 2 |
6 files changed, 874 insertions, 64 deletions
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile index 8118ae69d2..b88bbd7361 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile @@ -138,12 +138,12 @@ SRCS+= l10n/chapter.sgml SRCS+= linuxemu/chapter.sgml SRCS+= mail/chapter.sgml SRCS+= mirrors/chapter.sgml +SRCS+= multimedia/chapter.sgml SRCS+= pgpkeys/chapter.sgml SRCS+= ppp-and-slip/chapter.sgml SRCS+= printing/chapter.sgml SRCS+= security/chapter.sgml SRCS+= serialcomms/chapter.sgml -SRCS+= sound/chapter.sgml SRCS+= users/chapter.sgml SRCS+= x11/chapter.sgml SRCS+= ports/chapter.sgml diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml index 5db33b399d..02d4d49172 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ <!ENTITY % chap.backups "IGNORE"> <!ENTITY % chap.x11 "IGNORE"> <!ENTITY % chap.l10n "IGNORE"> -<!ENTITY % chap.sound "IGNORE"> +<!ENTITY % chap.multimedia "IGNORE"> <!ENTITY % chap.serialcomms "IGNORE"> <!ENTITY % chap.ppp-and-slip "IGNORE"> <!ENTITY % chap.advanced-networking "IGNORE"> @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ <![ %chap.printing; [ &chap.printing; ]]> <![ %chap.disks; [ &chap.disks; ]]> <![ %chap.l10n; [ &chap.l10n; ]]> - <![ %chap.sound; [ &chap.sound; ]]> + <![ %chap.multimedia; [ &chap.multimedia; ]]> <![ %chap.serialcomms; [ &chap.serialcomms; ]]> <![ %chap.ppp-and-slip; [ &chap.ppp-and-slip; ]]> <![ %chap.advanced-networking; [ &chap.advanced-networking; ]]> diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent index ba3cafcfe9..111e5b8351 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ <!ENTITY chap.disks SYSTEM "disks/chapter.sgml"> <!ENTITY chap.x11 SYSTEM "x11/chapter.sgml"> <!ENTITY chap.l10n SYSTEM "l10n/chapter.sgml"> -<!ENTITY chap.sound SYSTEM "sound/chapter.sgml"> +<!ENTITY chap.multimedia SYSTEM "multimedia/chapter.sgml"> <!ENTITY chap.serialcomms SYSTEM "serialcomms/chapter.sgml"> <!ENTITY chap.ppp-and-slip SYSTEM "ppp-and-slip/chapter.sgml"> <!ENTITY chap.advanced-networking SYSTEM "advanced-networking/chapter.sgml"> diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/Makefile b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/Makefile index 0ea7f84352..f90e1cd2b0 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/Makefile +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/Makefile @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # $FreeBSD$ # -CHAPTERS= sound/chapter.sgml +CHAPTERS= multimedia/chapter.sgml VPATH= .. diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.sgml index fc05ff119d..bf114601d7 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.sgml @@ -4,22 +4,20 @@ $FreeBSD$ --> -<chapter id="sound"> - <chapterinfo> - <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Moses</firstname> - <surname>Moore</surname> - <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> - </author> - </authorgroup> - <!-- 20 November 2000 --> - </chapterinfo> - - <title>Sound</title> - - <sect1 id="sound-synopsis"> - <title>Synopsis</title> +<chapter id="multimedia"> + <chapterinfo> + <authorgroup> + <author> + <firstname>Ross</firstname> + <surname>Lippert</surname> + <contrib>Edited by </contrib> + </author> + </authorgroup> + </chapterinfo> + + <title>Multimedia</title> + <sect1 id="multimedia-synopsis"> + <title>Synopsis</title> <para>FreeBSD supports a wide variety of sound cards, allowing you to enjoy high fidelity output from your computer. This includes @@ -29,16 +27,58 @@ applications allowing you to edit your recorded audio, add sound effects, and control attached MIDI devices.</para> - <para>After reading this chapter, you will know:</para> + <para>With some willingness to experiment, FreeBSD can support + playback of video files and DVD's. The number of applications + to encode, convert, and playback various video media is more + limited than the number of sound applications. For example as + of this writing, there is no good re-encoding application in the + FreeBSD Ports Collection, which could be use to interconvert + between formats, as there is with <filename + role="package">audio/sox</filename>. However, the software + landscape in this area is changing rapidly.</para> + + <para>This chapter will describe the necessary steps to configure + your sound card. The configuration and installation of XFree86 + (<xref linkend="x11">) has already taken care of the + hardware issues for your video card, though there may be some + tweaks to apply for better playback.</para> + + <para>After reading this section, you will know:</para> + <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>How to locate your sound card.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>How to configure your system so that your sound card is - recognized.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>Methods to test that your card is working using - sample applications.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>How to troubleshoot your sound setup.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>How to playback and encode MP3s.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>How to rip CD audio tracks into data files.</para></listitem> + <listitem> + <para>How to configure your system so that your sound card is + recognized.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Methods to test that your card is working using + sample applications.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>How to troubleshoot your sound setup.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>How to playback and encode MP3s and other audio.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>How video is supported by XFree86.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Some video player/encoder ports which give good results.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>How to playback DVD's, <filename>.mpg</filename> and <filename>.avi</filename> files.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>How to rip CD and DVD information into files.</para> + </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>Before reading this chapter, you should:</para> @@ -47,9 +87,39 @@ <listitem><para>Know how to configure and install a new kernel (<xref linkend="kernelconfig">).</para></listitem> </itemizedlist> + + <para>For the video sections, it is assumed that XFree86 4.X + (<filename role='package'>x11/XFree86-4</filename>) has been + installed. XFree86 3.X may work, but it has not been tested + with what is described in this chapter. If you find that + something described here does work with XFree86 3.X please + let us know.</para> + + <warning> + <para>Trying to mount an audio CD + or a video DVD with the <command>mount</command> command will + result in an error, at least, and a <emphasis>kernel + panic</emphasis>, at worst. These media have specialized + encodings which differ from the usual ISO-filesystem.</para> + </warning> + </sect1> - <sect1 id="sound-device"> + <sect1 id="sound-setup"> + <sect1info> + <authorgroup> + <author> + <firstname>Moses</firstname> + <surname>Moore</surname> + <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> + <!-- 20 November 2000 --> + </author> + </authorgroup> + </sect1info> + + <title>Setting Up The Sound Card</title> + + <sect2 id="sound-device"> <title>Locating the Correct Device</title> <indexterm><primary>PCI</primary></indexterm> @@ -127,7 +197,7 @@ recompiling your kernel, please see <xref linkend="kernelconfig">.</para> - <sect2> + <sect3> <title>Creative, Advance, and ESS Sound Cards</title> <para>If you have one of the above cards, you will need to @@ -156,9 +226,9 @@ device sbc0 at isa? port 0x220 irq 5 drq 1 flags 0x15</programlisting> recommended that you update to the latest -STABLE before trying to use this card.</para> </note> - </sect2> + </sect3> - <sect2> + <sect3> <title>Gravis UltraSound Cards</title> <para>For a PnP ISA card, you will need to add:</para> @@ -175,9 +245,9 @@ device gus0 at isa? port 0x220 irq 5 drq 1 flags 0x13</programlisting> <para>to your kernel configuration file. You may need to change the IRQ or the other settings to match your card. See the &man.gusc.4; manual page for more information.</para> - </sect2> + </sect3> - <sect2> + <sect3> <title>Crystal Sound Cards</title> <para>For Crystal cards, you will need to add:</para> @@ -186,9 +256,9 @@ device gus0 at isa? port 0x220 irq 5 drq 1 flags 0x13</programlisting> device csa</programlisting> <para>to your kernel configuration file.</para> - </sect2> + </sect3> - <sect2> + <sect3> <title>Generic Support</title> <para>For PnP ISA or PCI cards, you will need to add:</para> @@ -204,9 +274,9 @@ device csa</programlisting> <para>to your kernel configuration file. You may need to change the IRQ or the other settings to match your card.</para> - </sect2> + </sect3> - <sect2> + <sect3> <title>Onboard Sound</title> <para>Some systems with built-in motherboard sound devices may @@ -214,10 +284,10 @@ device csa</programlisting> configuration:</para> <programlisting>options PNPBIOS</programlisting> - </sect2> - </sect1> + </sect3> + </sect2> - <sect1 id="sound-devicenodes"> + <sect2 id="sound-devicenodes"> <title>Creating and Testing the Device Nodes</title> <indexterm><primary>device nodes</primary></indexterm> @@ -231,8 +301,8 @@ pcm0: <SB16 DSP 4.11> on sbc0</screen> <devicename>pcm</devicename> devices show up, something went wrong earlier. If that happens, go through your kernel configuration file again and make sure you chose the correct - device. Consult the troubleshooting section for additional - options.</para> + device. Common problems are listed in <xref + linkend="troubleshooting">.</para> <para>If the previous command returned <devicename>pcm0</devicename>, you will have to run the @@ -309,10 +379,19 @@ pcm0: <SB16 DSP 4.11> on sbc0</screen> </informaltable> <para>If all goes well, you should now have a functioning sound - card. You may want to install an application such as - <filename role="package">audio/mpg123</filename> to listen to audio files.</para> + card. If your CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive is properly coupled to + your soundcard, you can put a CD in the drive and play it + with &man.cdcontrol.1;.</para> - <sect2> + <screen>&prompt.user; cdcontrol -f /dev/acd0c play 1</screen> + + <para>Various applications, such as <filename + role="package">audio/workman</filename> offer a better + interface. You may want to install an application such as + <filename role="package">audio/mpg123</filename> to listen to + MP3 audio files.</para> + + <sect3 id="troubleshooting"> <title>Common Problems</title> <informaltable> @@ -346,8 +425,7 @@ pcm0: <SB16 DSP 4.11> on sbc0</screen> </row> <row> - <entry><errorname>xxx: gus pcm not attached, out of - memory</errorname></entry> + <entry><errorname>xxx: gus pcm not attached, out of memory</errorname></entry> <entry><para>There is not enough available memory to use the device.</para></entry> </row> @@ -357,13 +435,61 @@ pcm0: <SB16 DSP 4.11> on sbc0</screen> <entry><errorname>xxx: can't open /dev/dsp!</errorname></entry> <entry><para>Check with <command>fstat | grep dsp</command> if another application is holding the device open. - Noteworthy troublemakers are <application>esound</application> and <application>KDE</application>'s sound + Noteworthy troublemakers are esound and KDE's sound support.</para></entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </informaltable> - </sect2> + </sect3> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <sect2info> + <authorgroup> + <author> + <firstname>Munish</firstname> + <surname>Chopra</surname> + <contrib>Contributed by</contrib> + </author> + </authorgroup> + </sect2info> + <title>Utilizing Multiple Sound Sources</title> + + <para>It is often desirable to have multiple sources of sound that + are able to play simultaneously, such as when + <application>esound</application> or + <application>artsd</application> do not support sharing of the + sound device with a certain application.</para> + + <para>FreeBSD lets you do this through <emphasis>Virtual Sound + Channels</emphasis>, which can be set with the &man.sysctl.8; + facility. Virtual channels allow you to multiplex your sound + card's playback channels by mixing sound in the kernel.</para> + + <para>To set the number of virtual channels, there are two sysctl + knobs which, if you are the <username>root</username> user, can + be set like this:</para> + <screen>&prompt.root; sysctl hw.snd.pcm0.vchans=4 +&prompt.root; sysctl hw.snd.maxautovchans=4</screen> + + <para><literal>hw.snd.pcm0.vchans</literal> is the number of + vchans <devicename>pcm0</devicename> has, and is configurable + once a device has been attached. + <literal>hw.snd.maxautovchans</literal> is the number of vchans + a new audio device is given when it is attached using + &man.kldload.8;. Since the <devicename>pcm</devicename> module + can be loaded independently of the hardware drivers, + <literal>hw.snd.maxautovchans</literal> can store how many + vchans any devices which are attached later will be + given.</para> + + <para>If you are not using &man.devfs.5;, you will have to point + your applications at <devicename>/dev/dsp0</devicename>.x, where + 'x' is 0 to 3 if <literal>hw.snd.pcm.0.vchans</literal> is set + to 4. On a system using &man.devfs.5, the above will automatically be + allocated to the user transparently.</para> + </sect2> </sect1> <sect1 id="sound-mp3"> @@ -439,9 +565,9 @@ MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo files.</para> <para>The <command>cdda2wav</command> tool, which is a part of - the <filename role="package">sysutils/cdrtools</filename> suite, is used for ripping - audio information of CDs and the information associated with - it.</para> + the <filename role="package">sysutils/cdrtools</filename> + suite, is used for ripping audio information from CDs and the + information associated with them.</para> <para>With the audio CD in the drive, the following command can be issued (as <username>root</username>) to rip an entire CD @@ -449,6 +575,13 @@ MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo <screen>&prompt.root; cdda2wav -D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable> -B</screen> + <para><application>cdda2wav</application> will support + ATAPI (IDE) CDROM drives. To rip from an IDE drive, specify + the device name in place of the SCSI unit numbers. For + example, to rip track 7 from an IDE drive:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; cdda2wav -D <replaceable>/dev/acd0a</replaceable> -t 7</screen> + <para>The <option>-D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable></option> indicates the SCSI device <devicename>0,1,0</devicename>, which corresponds to the output of <command>cdrecord @@ -465,13 +598,6 @@ MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo <screen>&prompt.root; cdda2wav -D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable> -t 1+7</screen> - <para><application>cdda2wav</application> will also support - ATAPI (IDE) CDROM drives. To rip from an IDE drive, specify - the device name in place of the SCSI unit numbers. For - example, to rip track 7 from an IDE drive:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; cdda2wav -D <replaceable>/dev/acd0a</replaceable> -t 7</screen> - </sect2> <sect2 id="mp3-encoding"> @@ -504,7 +630,7 @@ MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo <option>--t</option> indicate ID3 tags, which usually contain song information, to be embedded within the MP3 file. Additional encoding options can be found by consulting the - lame manual page.</para> + lame man page.</para> </sect2> <sect2 id="mp3-decoding"> @@ -585,5 +711,687 @@ MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo <para>Read <xref linkend="creating-cds"> for more information on using a CD burner in FreeBSD.</para> </sect2> - </sect1> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="video-playback"> + <sect1info> + <authorgroup> + <author> + <firstname>Ross</firstname> + <surname>Lippert</surname> + <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> + </author> + </authorgroup> + <!-- 5 June 2002 --> + </sect1info> + + <title>Video Playback</title> + + <para>Video playback is a very new and rapidly developing application + area. Be patient. Not everything is going to work as smoothly as + it did with sound.</para> + + <para>Before you begin, you should know the model of the video + card you have and the chip it uses. While XFree86 supports a + wide variety of video cards, fewer give good playback + performance. To obtain a list of extensions supported by the + X-server using your card use the command &man.xdpyinfo.1; while + X11 is running.</para> + + <para>It is a good idea to have a short MPEG file which can be + treated as a test file for evaluating various players and + options. Since some DVD players will look for DVD media in + <filename>/dev/dvd</filename> by default, or have this device + name hardcoded in them, you might find it useful to make + symbolic links to the proper devices:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; ln -sf /dev/acd0c /dev/dvd +&prompt.root; ln -sf /dev/racd0c /dev/rdvd</screen> + + <para>On FreeBSD-5.X, which uses <filename>devfs</filename> there + is a slightly different set of recommended links:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; ln -sf /dev/acd0c /dev/dvd +&prompt.root; ln -sf /dev/acd0c /dev/rdvd</screen> + + <para>Additionally, DVD decryption, which requires invoking + special DVD-ROM functions, requires write permission on the DVD + devices.</para> + + <para>Some of the ports discussed rely on the following kernel + options to build correctly. Before attempting to build, add + these options to the kernel and reboot:</para> + + <programlisting>option CPU_ENABLE_SSE +option USER_LDT</programlisting> + + <para>To enhance the shared memory X11 interface, it is + recommended that the values of some &man.sysctl.8; variables + should be increased:</para> + + <programlisting>kern.ipc.shmmax=67108864 +kern.ipc.shmall=32768</programlisting> + + <sect2 id="video-interface"> + <title>Determining Video capabilities</title> + + <indexterm><primary>Xvideo</primary></indexterm> + <indexterm><primary>SDL</primary></indexterm> + <indexterm><primary>DGA</primary></indexterm> + <indexterm> + <primary>kernel configuration</primary> + <secondary>options CPU_ENABLE_SSE</secondary> + </indexterm> + <indexterm> + <primary>kernel configuration</primary> + <secondary>options USER_LDT</secondary> + </indexterm> + + <para>There are several possible ways to display video under X11. + What will really work is largely hardware dependent. Each + method described below will have varying quality across + different hardware. Secondly, the rendering of video in X11 is + a topic receiving a lot of attention lately, and with each + version of XFree86 there may be significant improvement.</para> + + <para>A list of common video interfaces:</para> + + <orderedlist> + <listitem> + <para>X11: normal X11 output using shared memory</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>XVideo: an extension to the X11 + interface which supports video in any X11 drawable.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>SDL: the Simple Directmedia Layer</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>DGA: the Direct Graphics Access</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>SVGAlib: low level console graphics layer</para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist> + + <sect3 id="video-interface-xvideo"> + <title>XVideo</title> + + <para>XFree86 4.X has an extension called + <emphasis>XVideo</emphasis> (aka Xvideo, aka Xv, aka xv) which + allows video to be directly displayed in drawable objects + through a special acceleration. This extension provides very + good quality playback even on low-end machines (for example my + PIII 400Mhz laptop). Unfortunately, the list of cards in which + this feature is supported <quote>out of the box</quote> is + currently:</para> + + <orderedlist> + <listitem> + <para>3DFX Voodoo 3</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>Intel i810 and i815</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>some S3 chips (such as Savage/IX and Savage/MX)</para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist> + + <para>If your card is not one of these, do not be disappointed yet. + XFree86 4.X adds new xv capabilities with each release + <footnote> + <para>A popular familiar graphics card with generally very good + XFree86 performance, nVidia, has yet to release the specifications + on their XVideo support to the XFree86 team. It may be some time + before XFree86 fully support XVideo for these cards.</para> + </footnote>. + To check whether the extension is running, + use <command>xvinfo</command>:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.user; xvinfo</screen> + + <para>XVideo is supported for your card if the result looks like:</para> +<screen>X-Video Extension version 2.2 +screen #0 + Adaptor #0: "Savage Streams Engine" + number of ports: 1 + port base: 43 + operations supported: PutImage + supported visuals: + depth 16, visualID 0x22 + depth 16, visualID 0x23 + number of attributes: 5 + "XV_COLORKEY" (range 0 to 16777215) + client settable attribute + client gettable attribute (current value is 2110) + "XV_BRIGHTNESS" (range -128 to 127) + client settable attribute + client gettable attribute (current value is 0) + "XV_CONTRAST" (range 0 to 255) + client settable attribute + client gettable attribute (current value is 128) + "XV_SATURATION" (range 0 to 255) + client settable attribute + client gettable attribute (current value is 128) + "XV_HUE" (range -180 to 180) + client settable attribute + client gettable attribute (current value is 0) + maximum XvImage size: 1024 x 1024 + Number of image formats: 7 + id: 0x32595559 (YUY2) + guid: 59555932-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71 + bits per pixel: 16 + number of planes: 1 + type: YUV (packed) + id: 0x32315659 (YV12) + guid: 59563132-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71 + bits per pixel: 12 + number of planes: 3 + type: YUV (planar) + id: 0x30323449 (I420) + guid: 49343230-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71 + bits per pixel: 12 + number of planes: 3 + type: YUV (planar) + id: 0x36315652 (RV16) + guid: 52563135-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 + bits per pixel: 16 + number of planes: 1 + type: RGB (packed) + depth: 0 + red, green, blue masks: 0x1f, 0x3e0, 0x7c00 + id: 0x35315652 (RV15) + guid: 52563136-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 + bits per pixel: 16 + number of planes: 1 + type: RGB (packed) + depth: 0 + red, green, blue masks: 0x1f, 0x7e0, 0xf800 + id: 0x31313259 (Y211) + guid: 59323131-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71 + bits per pixel: 6 + number of planes: 3 + type: YUV (packed) + id: 0x0 + guid: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 + bits per pixel: 0 + number of planes: 0 + type: RGB (packed) + depth: 1 + red, green, blue masks: 0x0, 0x0, 0x0</screen> + + <para>Also note that the formats listed (YUV2, YUV12, etc) are not + present with every implementation of Xvideo and their absense may + hinder some players.</para> + + <para>If the result looks like:</para> +<screen>X-Video Extension version 2.2 +screen #0 +no adaptors present</screen> + + <para>Then XVideo is probably not supported for your card.</para> + + <para>If XVideo is not supported for your card, this only means + that it will be more difficult for your display to meet the + computational demands of rendering video. Depending on your + video card and processor, though, you might still be able to + have a satisfying experience. You should probably read about + ways of improving performance in the advanced reading <xref + linkend="video-further-reading">.</para> + + </sect3> + + <sect3 id="video-interface-SDL"> + <title>Simple Directmedia Layer</title> + + <para>The Simple Directmedia Layer, SDL, was intended to be a + porting layers between Microsoft Windows, BeOS, and Unix, + allowing cross-platform applications to be developed which made + efficient use of sound and graphics. The SDL layer provides a + low-level abstraction to the hardware which can sometimes be + more efficient than the X11 interface.</para> + + <para>The SDL can be found at <filename role="package">devel/sdl12</filename></para> + + </sect3> + + <sect3 id="video-interface-DGA"> + <title>Direct Graphics Access</title> + + <para>Direct Graphics Access is an XFree86 extension which allows + a program to bypass the X-server and directly alter the + framebuffer. Because it relies on a low level memory mapping to + effect this sharing, programs using it must must be run as + <username>root</username></para> + + <para>The DGA extension can be tested and benchmarked by + &man.dga.1;. When <command>dga</command> is running, it + changes the colors of the display whenever a key is pressed. To + quit, use <keycap>q</keycap>.</para> + + </sect3> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="video-ports"> + <title>Ports and Packages Dealing with Video</title> + + <indexterm><primary>video ports</primary></indexterm> + <indexterm><primary>video packages</primary></indexterm> + + <para>This section discusses the software available from the + FreeBSD Ports Collection which can be used for video playback. + Video playback is a very active area of software development, + and the capabilities of various applications are bound to + diverge somewhat from the descriptions given here.</para> + + <para>Firstly, it is important to know that most of the video + applications which run on FreeBSD were developed as Linux + applications, originating in the past year. For this reason, + they are both very experimental and riddled with + Linux-isms which might prevent them from working at full + efficiency on FreeBSD.</para> + + <para>By <quote>experimental</quote>, I mean that you should expect + re-encoders, players, and DVD decrypters to have some major + bugs, or interoperability problems with other programs. Here is + a short list of the sort of things I mean:</para> + + <orderedlist> + + <listitem> + <para>An application cannot playback a file which another + application produced.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>An application cannot playback a file which the + application itself produced.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>The same application on two different machines, + rebuilt on each machine for that machine, plays back the same + file differently.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>A seemingly trivial filter like rescaling of the image + size results in very bad artifacts from a buggy rescaling + routine.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>An application always dumping core.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Documentation is not installed with the port and can be + found either on the web or under + <filename><replaceable>PORTPATH</replaceable>/work/ + </filename>.</para> + </listitem> + + </orderedlist> + + <para>By <quote>Linux-isms</quote>, I mean that there are some + issues resulting from the way some standard libraries are + implemented in the Linux distributions, or some features of the + Linux kernel which have been assumed by the authors of the + applications, because that is where the authors are primarily + developing. These issues may not be noticed and worked around + by the port maintainers which can lead to some problems like + these:</para> + + <orderedlist> + + <listitem> + <para>The use of <filename>/proc/cpuinfo</filename> to detect + processor characteristics.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>A misuse of threads which causes a program to hang upon + completion instead of truly terminating.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Software not yet in the FreeBSD Ports Collection + which is commonly used in conjunction with the application.</para> + </listitem> + + </orderedlist> + + <para>So far, these application developers have been cooperative with + port maintainers to minimize the work-arounds needed for + port-ing.</para> + + <sect3 id="video-mplayer"> + <title>MPlayer</title> + + <para>MPlayer is a recently developed and rapidly developing + video player. The goals of the MPlayer team are speed and + flexibility on Linux and other Unices. The project was + started when the team founder got fed up with bad playback + performance on then available players. Some would say that + interface has been sacrificed for streamlined design, but once + you get used to the command line options and the key-stroke + controls, it works very well.</para> + + <sect4 id="video-mplayer-building"> + <title>Building MPlayer</title> + <indexterm><primary>mplayer</primary> + <secondary>making</secondary></indexterm> + + <para>MPlayer resides in <filename + role="package">graphics/mplayer</filename>. MPlayer + performs a variety of hardware checks during the build + process, resulting in a binary which will not be portable + from one system to another. Thus it is important to build + it from ports and not to use a binary package. + Additionally, a number of options can be specified in the + <command>make</command> which echo at the start of the + build.</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/graphics/mplayer +&prompt.root; make +You can enable additional compilation optimizations +by defining WITH_OPTIMIZED_CFLAGS +You can enable GTK GUI by defining WITH_GUI. +You can enable DVD support by defining WITH_DVD. +You can enable SVGALIB support by defining WITH_SVGALIB. +You can enable VORBIS sound support by defining WITH_VORBIS. +You can enable XAnim DLL support by defining WITH_XANIM. +</screen> + + <para>If you have <filename + role="package">x11-toolkits/gtk12</filename> installed, then + you might as well enable the GUI. Otherwise, it is not + worth the effort. If you intend to play (possibly CSS + encoded) DVD's with MPlayer you must enable the DVD support + option here <footnote><para>Unauthorized DVD playback is a + serious criminal act in some countries. Check local laws + before enabling this option.</para> </footnote>. Some + reasonable options are:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; make WITH_DVD=yes WITH_SVGALIB=yes</screen> + + <para>As of this writing, the MPlayer port will build its HTML + documentation and one executable, + <command>mplayer</command>. It can also be made to build an + encoder, <command>mencoder</command>, which is a tool for + re-encoding video. A modification to the + <filename>Makefile</filename> can enable it. It may be + enabled by default in subsequent versions of the port.</para> + + <para>The HTML documentation to MPlayer is very informative. + If the reader finds the information on video hardware and + interfaces in the chapter lacking, the MPlayer documentation + is a very thorough alternative. You should definitely take + the time to read the documentation of + <application>MPlayer</application>, if you are looking for + information about video support in UNIX.</para> + + </sect4> + + <sect4 id="video-mplayer-using"> + <title>Using mplayer</title> + <indexterm><primary>mplayer</primary> + <secondary>use</secondary></indexterm> + + <para>Any user of mplayer must set up a + <filename>.mplayer</filename> subdirectory directory of her + home directory. To create this necessary subdirectory, + you can do the following:</para> + +<screen>&prompt.user; cd /usr/ports/graphics/mplayer +&prompt.user; make install-user</screen> + + <para>The command options for <command>mplayer</command> are + listed in the manual page. For even more detail there is HTML + documentation. In this section, we will give some of the + common use cases.</para> + + <para>To play from file, such as + <filename>testfile.avi</filename> through one of the various + video interfaces set the <option>-vo</option>: + + <screen>&prompt.user; mplayer -vo xv testfile.avi</screen> + <screen>&prompt.user; mplayer -vo sdl testfile.avi</screen> + <screen>&prompt.user; mplayer -vo x11 testfile.avi</screen> + <screen>&prompt.root; mplayer -vo dga testfile.avi</screen> + <screen>&prompt.root; mplayer -vo 'sdl:dga' testfile.avi</screen> + + <para>It is worth trying all of these options, as their relative + performance depends on many factors and will vary significantly + with hardware.</para> + + <para>To play from a DVD, replace the + <filename>testfile.avi</filename> with <option>-dvd <N> + <replaceable>DEVICE</replaceable></option> where <N> is + the title number to play and + <filename><replaceable>DEVICE</replaceable></filename> is the + device file for the DVD-ROM. For example, to play title 3 + from <filename>/dev/dvd</filename>:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; mplayer -vo dga -dvd 2 /dev/dvd</screen> + + <para>To stop, pause, advance and so on, consult the + keybindings, which are output by running <command>mplayer + -h</command> or read the manual page.</para> + + <para>Additional important options for playback are: + <option>-fs -zoom</option> which engages the fullscreen mode + and <option>-framedrop</option> which helps performance.</para> + + <para>In order for the mplayer command line to not become too + large, the user can create a file + <filename>.mplayer/config</filename> and set default options + there:</para> +<programlisting>vo=xv +fs=yes +zoom=yes</programlisting> + + <para>Finally, <command>mplayer</command> can be used to rip a + DVD title into a .vob file. To dump out title 2 from a DVD:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; mplayer -dumpstream -dumpfile out.vob -dvd 2 /dev/dvd</screen> + + <para>The output file, <filename>out.vob</filename>, will be + MPEG and can be manipulated by the other packages described + in this section.</para> + + </sect4> + <sect4 id="video-mencoder"> + <title>mencoder</title> + <indexterm> + <primary>mencoder</primary> + </indexterm> + + <para>If you opt to install <command>mencoder</command> when + you build, be forewarned that it is still quite + experimental.</para> + + <para>To use <command>mencoder</command> it is a good idea to + familiarize yourself with the options from the HTML + documentation. There is a manual page, but it is not very + useful without the HTML. There are innummerable ways to + improve quality, lower bitrate, and change formats, and some + of these tricks may make the difference between good + or bad performance. Here are a couple of examples to get + you going. First a simple copy:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.user; mencoder input.avi -oac copy -ovc copy -o output.avi</screen> + + <para>It is easy to find examples where the output is + unplayable even by <command>mplayer</command>. Thus, if you + just want to rip to a file, stick to the <option>-dumpfile</option> + in <command>mplayer</command>.</para> + + <para>To convert <filename>input.avi</filename> to the MPEG4 + codec with MPEG3 audio encoding (<filename role="package">audio/lame</filename> is required):</para> + + <screen>&prompt.user; mencoder input.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts br=192 \ + -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vhq -o output.avi</screen> + + <para>This has produced output playable by <command>mplayer</command> + and <command>Xine</command>.</para> + + <para><filename>input.avi</filename> can be replaced with + <option>-dvd 1 /dev/dvd</option> and run as + <username>root</username> to re-encode a DVD title + directly. Since you are likely to be dissatisfied with + your results the first time around, it is recommended you + dump the title to a file and work on the file.</para> + + </sect3> + + <sect3 id="video-xine"> + <title>Xine</title> + + <para>Xine is a project of wide scope aiming not only at being an + all in one video solution, but also in producing a reusable base + library and a modular executable which can be extended with + plugins. It comes both as a package and as a port, <filename + role="package">graphics/xine</filename>.</para> + + <para>The good news is that the above is pretty much true. Xine + is still very rough around the edges, but it is clearly off to a + good start. In practice, Xine requires either a fast CPU with a + fast video card, or support for the XVideo extension. The GUI is + usable, but a bit clumsy.</para> + + <para>As of this writing, there is no input module shipped with + Xine which will play CSS encoded DVD's. There are third party + builds which do have modules for this built in them, but none + of these are in the FreeBSD Ports Collection.</para> + + <para>Compared to MPlayer, Xine does more for the user, but at the + same time, takes some of the more fine-grained control away from + the user. Xine also may perform much worse on the non-XVideo + interfaces and has very few good alternatives to it. The Xine + FAQ highly recommends that you have a video card which supports + it.</para> + + <para>Xine can be started by itself:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.user; xine</screen> + + <para>The menus can then be used to open a file, or it can be + started to play a file immediately without the GUI + with the command:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.user; xine -g -p mymovie.avi</screen> + + </sect3> + + <sect3 id="video-ports-transcode"> + <title>Transcode</title> + + <para>Transcode is not a player, but a suite of tools for + re-encoding <filename>.avi</filename> and <filename>.mpg</filename> files. With Transcode, one has the + ability to merge video files, repair broken files, using command + line tools with <filename>stdin/stdout</filename> stream + interfaces.</para> + + <para>Like MPlayer, Transcode is very experimental software which + must be build from the port <filename + role="package">graphics/transcode</filename>. Using a great + many options to the <command>make</command> command. I + recommend:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; make WITH_LIBMPEG2=yes</screen> + + <para>If you plan to install <filename + role="package">graphics/avifile</filename>, then add the + <literal>WITH_AVIFILE</literal> option to your + <command>make</command> command line, as shown here:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; make WITH_AVIFILE=yes WITH_LIBMPEG2=yes</screen> + + <para>Here are two examples of using <command>transcode</command> + for video conversion which produce rescaled output. The first + encodes the output to an openDIVX AVI file, while the second + encodes to the much more portable MPEG format.</para> + + <screen>&prompt.user; transcode -i input.vob -x vob -V -Z 320x240 \ +-y opendivx -N 0x55 -o output.avi</screen> + + <screen>&prompt.user; transcode -i input.vob -x vob -V -Z 320x240 \ +-y mpeg -N 0x55 -o output.tmp +&prompt.user; tcmplex -o output.mpg -i output.tmp.m1v -p output.tmp.mpa -m 1</screen> + + <para>There is a manual page for <command>transcode</command>, but + for the various <command>tc*</command> utilities (such as + <command>tcmplex</command>) which are also installed, there is + only a curt <option>-h</option> output.</para> + + <para>In comparison, <command>transcode</command> runs + significantly slower than <command>mencoder</command>, but it + has a better chance of producing a more widely playable file. I + can play <command>transcode</command> MPEGs on older copies of + Windows Media Player and Apple's Quicktime, for example.</para> + + </sect3> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="video-further-reading"> + <title>Further Reading</title> + + <para>I have no doubt that within a year, much that is in this + chapter will be out of date. Video will probably be much less + problematic to get working well and a port will be in the + collection which turns a FreeBSD system into a DVD-playing, PVR, + and virtual A/V studio. Until that day arrives, those who + want to get the very most out of FreeBSD's A/V capabilities will + have to cobble together knowledge from several FAQs and tutorials + and use a few different applications.</para> + + <para>This section exists to give the reader some links to learn + more in case this chapter was just helpful enough.</para> + + <para>The + <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/">MPlayer documentation</ulink> + is very technically informative. + These documents should probably be consulted by anyone wishing + to obtain a high level of expertise with Unix video. The + MPlayer mailing list is hostile to anyone who has not bothered + to read the documentation, so if you plan on making bug reports + to them, RTFM.</para> + + <para>The + <ulink url="http://dvd.sourceforge.net/xine-howto/en_GB/html/howto.html"> Xine HOWTO</ulink> + contains a chapter on performance improvement + which is general to all players.</para> + + <para>Finally, there are some other promising applications which + the reader may try:</para> + + <itemizedlist> + + <listitem> + <para><ulink + url="http://avifile.sourceforge.net/">AVIFile</ulink> which + is also a port <filename + role='package'>graphics/avifile</filename>.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><ulink + url="http://www.dtek.chalmers.se/groups/dvd/">Ogle</ulink> + which is also a port <filename + role='package'>graphics/ogle</filename>.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><ulink url="http://xtheater.sourceforge.net/">XTheater</ulink></para> + </listitem> + + </itemizedlist> + + </sect2> + </sect1> </chapter> diff --git a/share/sgml/man-refs.ent b/share/sgml/man-refs.ent index 1c88b62a90..0e955abd60 100644 --- a/share/sgml/man-refs.ent +++ b/share/sgml/man-refs.ent @@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ <!ENTITY man.dd.1 "<citerefentry/<refentrytitle/dd/<manvolnum/1//"> <!ENTITY man.default.1 "<citerefentry/<refentrytitle/default/<manvolnum/1//"> <!ENTITY man.df.1 "<citerefentry/<refentrytitle/df/<manvolnum/1//"> +<!ENTITY man.dga.1 "<citerefentry/<refentrytitle/dga/<manvolnum/1//"> <!ENTITY man.dialog.1 "<citerefentry/<refentrytitle/dialog/<manvolnum/1//"> <!ENTITY man.diff.1 "<citerefentry/<refentrytitle/diff/<manvolnum/1//"> <!ENTITY man.diff3.1 "<citerefentry/<refentrytitle/diff3/<manvolnum/1//"> @@ -642,6 +643,7 @@ <!ENTITY man.write.1 "<citerefentry/<refentrytitle/write/<manvolnum/1//"> <!ENTITY man.xargs.1 "<citerefentry/<refentrytitle/xargs/<manvolnum/1//"> <!ENTITY man.xdm.1 "<citerefentry/<refentrytitle/xdm/<manvolnum/1//"> +<!ENTITY man.xdpyinfo.1 "<citerefentry/<refentrytitle/xdpyinfo/<manvolnum/1//"> <!ENTITY man.xfontsel.1 "<citerefentry/<refentrytitle/xfontsel/<manvolnum/1//"> <!ENTITY man.xmodmap.1 "<citerefentry/<refentrytitle/xmodmap/<manvolnum/1//"> <!ENTITY man.xset.1 "<citerefentry/<refentrytitle/xset/<manvolnum/1//"> |