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diff --git a/documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.po b/documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f7405dcdc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.po @@ -0,0 +1,1102 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE +# Copyright (C) YEAR The FreeBSD Project +# This file is distributed under the same license as the FreeBSD Documentation package. +# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: FreeBSD Documentation VERSION\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-02-01 09:21-0300\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" +"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" +"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n" +"Language: \n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" + +#. type: YAML Front Matter: description +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:1 +#, no-wrap +msgid "How FreeBSD can help you build a better product" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Title = +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:1 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:13 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Building Products with FreeBSD" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:46 +msgid "Abstract" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:50 +msgid "" +"The FreeBSD project is a worldwide, volunteer based, and collaborative " +"project, which develops a portable and high-quality operating system. The " +"FreeBSD project distributes the source code for its product under a liberal " +"license, with the intention of encouraging the use of its code. " +"Collaborating with the FreeBSD project can help organizations reduce their " +"time to market, reduce engineering costs and improve their product quality." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:54 +msgid "" +"This article examines the issues in using FreeBSD code in appliances and " +"software products. It highlights the characteristics of FreeBSD that make " +"it an excellent substrate for product development. The article concludes by " +"suggesting a few \"best practices\" for organizations collaborating with the " +"FreeBSD project." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:56 +msgid "'''" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Title == +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:60 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:66 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD today is well-known as a high-performance server operating system. " +"It is deployed on millions of web servers and internet-facing hosts " +"worldwide. FreeBSD code also forms an integral part of many products, " +"ranging from appliances such as network routers, firewalls, and storage " +"devices, to personal computers. Portions of FreeBSD have also been used in " +"commercial shrink-wrapped software (see <<freebsd-intro>>)." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:68 +msgid "" +"In this article we look at the link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/[FreeBSD " +"project] as a software engineering resource-as a collection of building " +"blocks and processes which you can use to build products." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:71 +msgid "" +"While FreeBSD's source is distributed freely to the public, to fully enjoy " +"the benefits of the project's work, organizations need to _collaborate_ with " +"the project. In subsequent sections of this article we discuss effective " +"means of collaboration with the project and the pitfalls that need to be " +"avoided while doing so." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:74 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"*Caveat Reader.* The author believes that the characteristics of the FreeBSD Project listed in this article were substantially true at the time the article was conceived and written (2005).\n" +"However, the reader should keep in mind that the practices and processes used by open-source communities can change over time, and that the information in this article should therefore be taken as indicative rather than normative.\n" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:75 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Target Audience" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:78 +msgid "" +"This document would be of interest to the following broad groups of people:" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:80 +msgid "" +"Decision makers in product companies looking at ways to improve their " +"product quality, reduce their time to market and lower engineering costs in " +"the long term." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:81 +msgid "" +"Technology consultants looking for best-practices in leveraging \"open-source" +"\"." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:82 +msgid "" +"Industry observers interested in understanding the dynamics of open-source " +"projects." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:83 +msgid "" +"Software developers seeking to use FreeBSD and looking for ways to " +"contribute back." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:84 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Article Goals" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:87 +msgid "After reading this article you should have:" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:89 +msgid "" +"An understanding of the goals of the FreeBSD Project and its organizational " +"structure." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:90 +msgid "" +"An understanding of its development model and release engineering processes." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:91 +msgid "" +"An understanding of how conventional corporate software development " +"processes differ from that used in the FreeBSD project." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:92 +msgid "" +"Awareness of the communication channels used by the project and the level of " +"transparency you can expect." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:93 +msgid "" +"Awareness of optimal ways of working with the project-how best to reduce " +"engineering costs, improve time to market, manage security vulnerabilities, " +"and preserve future compatibility with your product as the FreeBSD project " +"evolves." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:94 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Article Structure" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:97 +msgid "The rest of the article is structured as follows:" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:99 +msgid "" +"<<freebsd-intro>> introduces the FreeBSD project, explores its " +"organizational structure, key technologies and release engineering processes." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:100 +msgid "" +"<<freebsd-collaboration>> describes ways to collaborate with the FreeBSD " +"project. It examines common pitfalls encountered by corporates working with " +"voluntary projects like FreeBSD." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:101 +msgid "<<conclusion>> concludes." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Title == +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:103 +#, no-wrap +msgid "FreeBSD as a set of building blocks" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:106 +msgid "FreeBSD makes an excellent foundation on which to build products:" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:108 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD source code is distributed under a liberal BSD license facilitating " +"its adoption in commercial products <<Mon2005>> with minimum hassle." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:109 +msgid "" +"The FreeBSD project has excellent engineering practices that can be " +"leveraged." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:110 +msgid "" +"The project offers exceptional transparency into its workings, allowing " +"organizations using its code to plan effectively for the future." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:111 +msgid "" +"The culture of the FreeBSD project, carried over from the Computer Science " +"Research Group at The University of California, Berkeley <<McKu1999-1>>, " +"fosters high-quality work. Some features in FreeBSD define the state of the " +"art." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:114 +msgid "" +"<<GoldGab2005>> examines the business reasons for using open-source in " +"greater detail. For organizations, the benefits of using FreeBSD components " +"in their products include a shorter time to market, lower development costs " +"and lower development risks." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:115 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Building with FreeBSD" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:118 +msgid "Here are a few ways organizations have used FreeBSD:" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:120 +msgid "As an upstream source for tested code for libraries and utilities." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:122 +msgid "" +"By being \"downstream\" of the project, organizations leverage the new " +"features, bug fixes and testing that the upstream code receives." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:123 +msgid "" +"As an embedded OS (for example, for an OEM router and firewall device). In " +"this model, organizations use a customized FreeBSD kernel and application " +"program set along with a proprietary management layer for their device. OEMs " +"benefit from new hardware support being added by the FreeBSD project " +"upstream, and from the testing that the base system receives." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:125 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD ships with a self-hosting development environment that allows easy " +"creation of such configurations." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:126 +msgid "" +"As a Unix compatible environment for the management functions of high-end " +"storage and networking devices, running on a separate processor \"blade\"." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:130 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD provides the tools for creating dedicated OS and application program " +"images. Its implementation of a BSD unix API is mature and tested. FreeBSD " +"can also provide a stable cross-development environment for the other " +"components of the high-end device." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:131 +msgid "" +"As a vehicle to get widespread testing and support from a worldwide team of " +"developers for non-critical \"intellectual property\"." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:135 +msgid "" +"In this model, organizations contribute useful infrastructural frameworks to " +"the FreeBSD project (for example, see man:netgraph[3]). The widespread " +"exposure that the code gets helps to quickly identify performance issues and " +"bugs. The involvement of top-notch developers also leads to useful " +"extensions to the infrastructure that the contributing organization also " +"benefits from." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:136 +msgid "" +"As a development environment supporting cross-development for embedded OSes " +"like http://www.rtems.com/[RTEMS] and http://ecos.sourceware.org/[eCOS]." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:138 +msgid "" +"There are many full-fledged development environments in the {numports}-" +"strong collection of applications ported and packaged with FreeBSD." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:139 +msgid "" +"As a way to support a Unix-like API in an otherwise proprietary OS, " +"increasing its palatability for application developers." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:143 +msgid "" +"Here parts of FreeBSD's kernel and application programs are \"ported\" to " +"run alongside other tasks in the proprietary OS. The availability of a " +"stable and well tested Unix(TM) API implementation can reduce the effort " +"needed to port popular applications to the proprietary OS. As FreeBSD ships " +"with high-quality documentation for its internals and has effective " +"vulnerability management and release engineering processes, the costs of " +"keeping up-to-date are kept low." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:145 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Technologies" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:149 +msgid "" +"There are a large number of technologies supported by the FreeBSD project. " +"A selection of these are listed below:" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:151 +msgid "" +"A complete system that can cross-host itself for link:https://www.FreeBSD." +"org/platforms/[many architectures:]" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:152 +msgid "" +"A modular symmetric multiprocessing capable kernel, with loadable kernel " +"modules and a flexible and easy to use configuration system." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:153 +msgid "" +"Support for emulation of Linux(TM) and SVR4 binaries at near machine speeds. " +"Support for binary Windows(TM) (NDIS) network drivers." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:154 +msgid "" +"Libraries for many programming tasks: archivers, FTP and HTTP support, " +"thread support, in addition to a full POSIX(TM) like programming environment." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:155 +msgid "" +"Security features: Mandatory Access Control (man:mac[9]), jails (man:" +"jail[2]), ACLs, and in-kernel cryptographic device support." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:156 +msgid "" +"Networking features: firewall-ing, QoS management, high-performance TCP/IP " +"networking with support for many extensions." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:158 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD's in-kernel Netgraph (man:netgraph[4]) framework allows kernel " +"networking modules to be connected together in flexible ways." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:159 +msgid "" +"Support for storage technologies: Fibre Channel, SCSI, software and hardware " +"RAID, ATA and SATA." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:161 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD supports a number of filesystems, and its native UFS2 filesystem " +"supports soft updates, snapshots and very large filesystem sizes (16TB per " +"filesystem) <<McKu1999>>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:163 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD's in-kernel GEOM (man:geom[4]) framework allows kernel storage " +"modules to be composed in flexible ways." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:164 +msgid "" +"Over {numports} ported applications, both commercial and open-source, " +"managed via the FreeBSD ports collection." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:165 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Organizational Structure" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:168 +msgid "FreeBSD's organizational structure is non-hierarchical." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:170 +msgid "" +"There are essentially two kinds of contributors to FreeBSD, general users of " +"FreeBSD, and developers with write access (known as _committers_ in the " +"jargon) to the source base." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:174 +msgid "" +"There are many thousands of contributors in the first group; the vast " +"majority of contributions to FreeBSD come from individuals in this group. " +"Commit rights (write access) to the repository are granted to individuals " +"who contribute consistently to the project. Commit rights come with " +"additional responsibilities, and new committers are assigned mentors to help " +"them learn the ropes." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:175 +#, no-wrap +msgid "FreeBSD Organization" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Target for macro image +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:176 +#, no-wrap +msgid "freebsd-organization.png" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:179 +msgid "" +"Conflict resolution is performed by a nine member \"Core Team\" that is " +"elected from the group of committers." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:183 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD does not have \"corporate\" committers. Individual committers are " +"required to take responsibility for the changes they introduce to the code. " +"The extref:{committers-guide}[FreeBSD Committer's guide] <<ComGuide>> " +"documents the rules and responsibilities for committers." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:185 +msgid "FreeBSD's project model is examined in detail in <<Nik2005>>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:186 +#, no-wrap +msgid "FreeBSD Release Engineering Processes" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:190 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD's release engineering processes play a major role in ensuring that " +"its released versions are of a high quality. At any point of time, " +"FreeBSD's volunteers support multiple code lines (<<fig-freebsd-branches, " +"FreeBSD Release Branches>>):" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:192 +msgid "" +"New features and disruptive code enters on the development branch, also " +"known as the _-CURRENT_ branch." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:193 +msgid "" +"_-STABLE_ branches are code lines that are branched from HEAD at regular " +"intervals. Only tested code is allowed onto a -STABLE branch. New features " +"are allowed once they have been tested and stabilized in the -CURRENT branch." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:194 +msgid "" +"_-RELEASE_ branches are maintained by the FreeBSD security team. Only bug " +"fixes for critical issues are permitted onto -RELEASE branches." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:196 +#, no-wrap +msgid "FreeBSD Release Branches" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Target for macro image +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:197 +#, no-wrap +msgid "freebsd-branches.png" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:200 +msgid "" +"Code lines are kept alive for as long as there is user and developer " +"interest in them." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:203 +msgid "" +"Machine architectures are grouped into \"tiers\"; _Tier 1_ architectures are " +"fully supported by the project's release engineering and security teams, " +"_Tier 2_ architectures are supported on a best effort basis, and " +"experimental architectures comprise _Tier 3_. The list of extref:" +"{committers-guide}[supported architectures, archs] is part of the FreeBSD " +"documentation collection." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:206 +msgid "" +"The release engineering team publishes a link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/" +"[road map] for future releases of FreeBSD on the project's web site. The " +"dates laid down in the road map are not deadlines; FreeBSD is released when " +"its code and documentation are ready." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:208 +msgid "FreeBSD's release engineering processes are described in <<RelEngDoc>>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Title == +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:210 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Collaborating with FreeBSD" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:213 +msgid "" +"Open-source projects like FreeBSD offer finished code of a very high quality." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:218 +msgid "" +"While access to quality source code can reduce the cost of initial " +"development, in the long-term the costs of managing change begin to " +"dominate. As computing environments change over the years and new security " +"vulnerabilities are discovered, your product too needs to change and adapt. " +"Using open-source code is best viewed not as a one-off activity, but as an " +"__ongoing process__. The best projects to collaborate with are the ones " +"that are __live__; i.e., with an active community, clear goals and a " +"transparent working style." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:220 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD has an active developer community around it. At the time of writing " +"there are many thousands of contributors from every populated continent in " +"the world and over 300 individuals with write access to the project's source " +"repositories." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:221 +msgid "The goals of the FreeBSD project are <<Hub1994>>:" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:223 +msgid "" +"To develop a high-quality operating system for popular computer hardware, " +"and," +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:224 +msgid "To make our work available to all under a liberal license." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:226 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD enjoys an open and transparent working culture. Nearly all " +"discussion in the project happens by email, on link:https://lists.freebsd." +"org/[public mailing lists] that are also archived for posterity. The " +"project's policies are link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/internal/policies/" +"[documented] and maintained under revision control. Participation in the " +"project is open to all." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:228 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Understanding FreeBSD culture" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:231 +msgid "" +"To be able to work effectively with the FreeBSD project, you need to " +"understand the project's culture." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:234 +msgid "" +"Volunteer driven projects operate under different rules than for-profit " +"corporates. A common mistake that companies make when venturing into the " +"open-source world is that of underplaying these differences." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:236 +#, no-wrap +msgid "*Motivation.* Most contributions to FreeBSD are done voluntarily without monetary rewards entering the picture. The factors that motivate individuals are complex, ranging from altruism, to an interest in solving the kinds of problems that FreeBSD attempts to solve. In this environment, \"elegance is never optional\"<<Nor1993>>.\n" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:238 +#, no-wrap +msgid "*The Long Term View.* FreeBSD traces its roots back nearly twenty years to the work of the Computer Science Research Group at the University of California Berkeley.footnote:[FreeBSD's source repository contains a history of the project since its inception, and there are CDROMs available that contain earlier code from the CSRG.] A number of the original CSRG developers remain associated with the project.\n" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:240 +msgid "" +"The project values long-term perspectives <<Nor2001>>. A frequent acronym " +"encountered in the project is DTRT, which stands for \"Do The Right Thing\"." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:243 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"*Development Processes.* Computer programs are tools for communication: at one level programmers communicate their intentions using a precise notation to a tool (a compiler) that translates their instructions to executable code.\n" +"At another level, the same notation is used for communication of intent between two programmers.\n" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:247 +msgid "" +"Formal specifications and design documents are seldom used in the project. " +"Clear and well-written code and well-written change logs (<<fig-change-log, " +"A sample change log entry>>) are used in their place. FreeBSD development " +"happens by \"rough consensus and running code\"<<Carp1996>>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:253 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"r151864 | bde | 2005-10-29 09:34:50 -0700 (Sat, 29 Oct 2005) | 13 lines\n" +"Changed paths:\n" +" M /head/lib/msun/src/e_rem_pio2f.c\n" +msgstr "" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:263 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"Use double precision to simplify and optimize arg reduction for small\n" +"and medium size args too: instead of conditionally subtracting a float\n" +"17+24, 17+17+24 or 17+17+17+24 bit approximation to pi/2, always\n" +"subtract a double 33+53 bit one. The float version is now closer to\n" +"the double version than to old versions of itself -- it uses the same\n" +"33+53 bit approximation as the simplest cases in the double version,\n" +"and where the float version had to switch to the slow general case at\n" +"|x| == 2^7*pi/2, it now switches at |x| == 2^19*pi/2 the same as the\n" +"double version.\n" +msgstr "" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:266 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"This speeds up arg reduction by a factor of 2 for |x| between 3*pi/4 and\n" +"2^7*pi/4, and by a factor of 7 for |x| between 2^7*pi/4 and 2^19*pi/4.\n" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:267 +#, no-wrap +msgid "A sample change log entry [[fig-change-log]]" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:270 +msgid "" +"Communication between programmers is enhanced by the use of a common coding " +"standard man:style[9]." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:273 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"*Communication Channels.* FreeBSD's contributors are spread across the world.\n" +"Email (and to a lesser extent, IRC) is the preferred means of communication in the project.\n" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:274 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Best Practices for collaborating with the FreeBSD project" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:277 +msgid "" +"We now look at a few best practices for making the best use of FreeBSD in " +"product development." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Labeled list +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:278 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Plan for the long term" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:281 +msgid "" +"Setup processes that help in tracking the development of FreeBSD. For " +"example:" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:283 +#, no-wrap +msgid "*Track FreeBSD source code.* The project makes it easy to mirror its SVN repository using extref:{committers-guide}[svnsync, svn-advanced-use-setting-up-svnsync]. Having the complete history of the source is useful when debugging complex problems and offers valuable insight into the intentions of the original developers. Use a capable source control system that allows you to easily merge changes between the upstream FreeBSD code base and your own in-house code.\n" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:287 +msgid "" +"<<fig-svn-blame, An annotated source listing generated using `svn blame`>> " +"shows a portion of an annotated listing of the file referenced by the change " +"log in <<fig-change-log, A sample change log entry>>. The ancestry of each " +"line of the source is clearly visible. Annotated listings showing the " +"history of every file that is part of FreeBSD are https://svnweb.freebsd.org/" +"[available on the web]." +msgstr "" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:291 +#, no-wrap +msgid "#REV #WHO #DATE #TEXT\n" +msgstr "" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:305 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"176410 bde 2008-02-19 07:42:46 -0800 (Tue, 19 Feb 2008) #include <sys/cdefs.h>\n" +"176410 bde 2008-02-19 07:42:46 -0800 (Tue, 19 Feb 2008) __FBSDID(\"$FreeBSD$\");\n" +" 2116 jkh 1994-08-19 02:40:01 -0700 (Fri, 19 Aug 1994) \n" +" 2116 jkh 1994-08-19 02:40:01 -0700 (Fri, 19 Aug 1994) /* __ieee754_rem_pio2f(x,y)\n" +" 8870 rgrimes 1995-05-29 22:51:47 -0700 (Mon, 29 May 1995) *\n" +"176552 bde 2008-02-25 05:33:20 -0800 (Mon, 25 Feb 2008) * return the remainder of x rem pi/2 in *y\n" +"176552 bde 2008-02-25 05:33:20 -0800 (Mon, 25 Feb 2008) * use double precision for everything except passing x\n" +"152535 bde 2005-11-16 18:20:04 -0800 (Wed, 16 Nov 2005) * use __kernel_rem_pio2() for large x\n" +" 2116 jkh 1994-08-19 02:40:01 -0700 (Fri, 19 Aug 1994) */\n" +" 2116 jkh 1994-08-19 02:40:01 -0700 (Fri, 19 Aug 1994) \n" +"176465 bde 2008-02-22 07:55:14 -0800 (Fri, 22 Feb 2008) #include <float.h>\n" +"176465 bde 2008-02-22 07:55:14 -0800 (Fri, 22 Feb 2008) \n" +" 2116 jkh 1994-08-19 02:40:01 -0700 (Fri, 19 Aug 1994) #include \"math.h\"\n" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:306 +#, no-wrap +msgid "An annotated source listing generated using `svn blame` [[fig-svn-blame]]" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:309 +#, no-wrap +msgid "*Use a gatekeeper.* Appoint a _gatekeeper_ to monitor FreeBSD development, to keep an eye out for changes that could potentially impact your products.\n" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:312 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"*Report bugs upstream.* If you notice bug in the FreeBSD code that you are using, file a https://www.FreeBSD.org/support/bugreports/[bug report].\n" +"This step helps ensure that you do not have to fix the bug the next time you take a code drop from upstream.\n" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Labeled list +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:312 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Leverage FreeBSD's release engineering efforts" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:315 +msgid "" +"Use code from a -STABLE development branch of FreeBSD. These development " +"branches are formally supported by FreeBSD's release engineering and " +"security teams and comprise of tested code." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Labeled list +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:316 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Donate code to reduce costs" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:320 +msgid "" +"A major proportion of the costs associated with developing products is that " +"of doing maintenance. By donating non-critical code to the project, you " +"benefit by having your code see much wider exposure than it would otherwise " +"get. This in turn leads to more bugs and security vulnerabilities being " +"flushed out and performance anomalies being identified and fixed." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Labeled list +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:321 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Get support effectively" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:326 +msgid "" +"For products with tight deadlines, it is recommended that you hire or enter " +"into a consulting agreement with a developer or firm with FreeBSD " +"experience. The {freebsd-jobs} is a useful communication channel to find " +"talent. The FreeBSD project maintains a link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/" +"commercial/consult_bycat/[gallery of consultants and consulting firms] " +"undertaking FreeBSD work. The http://www.bsdcertification.org/[BSD " +"Certification Group] offers certification for all the major BSD derived OSes." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:329 +msgid "" +"For less critical needs, you can ask for help on the link:https://lists." +"freebsd.org/[project mailing lists]. A useful guide to follow when asking " +"for help is given in <<Ray2004>>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Labeled list +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:329 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Publicize your involvement" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:331 +msgid "" +"You are not required to publicize your use of FreeBSD, but doing so helps " +"both your effort as well as that of the project." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:335 +msgid "" +"Letting the FreeBSD community know that your company uses FreeBSD helps " +"improve your chances of attracting high quality talent. A large roster of " +"support for FreeBSD also means more mind share for it among developers. " +"This in turn yields a healthier foundation for your future." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Labeled list +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:335 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Support FreeBSD developers" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:341 +msgid "" +"Sometimes the most direct way to get a desired feature into FreeBSD is to " +"support a developer who is already looking at a related problem. Help can " +"range from hardware donations to direct financial assistance. In some " +"countries, donations to the FreeBSD project enjoy tax benefits. The project " +"has a dedicated link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/donations/[donations liaison] " +"to assist donors. The project also maintains a web page where developers " +"link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/donations/wantlist/[list their needs]." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:343 +msgid "" +"As a policy the FreeBSD project extref:{contributors}[acknowledges] all " +"contributions received on its web site." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Title == +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:345 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Conclusion" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:349 +msgid "" +"The FreeBSD project's goals are to create and give away the source code for " +"a high-quality operating system. By working with the FreeBSD project you " +"can reduce development costs and improve your time to market in a number of " +"product development scenarios." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:353 +msgid "" +"We examined the characteristics of the FreeBSD project that make it an " +"excellent choice for being part of an organization's product strategy. We " +"then looked at the prevailing culture of the project and examined effective " +"ways of interacting with its developers. The article concluded with a list " +"of best-practices that could help organizations collaborating with the " +"project." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Title == +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:357 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Bibliography" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:360 +msgid "" +"[[Carp1996]] [Carp1996] http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1958.txt[The " +"Architectural Principles of the Internet] B. Carpenter. The Internet " +"Architecture Board.The Internet Architecture Board. Copyright(R) 1996." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:362 +msgid "" +"[[ComGuide]] [ComGuide] extref:{committers-guide}[Committer's Guide] The " +"FreeBSD Project. Copyright(R) 2005." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:364 +msgid "" +"[[GoldGab2005]] [GoldGab2005] http://dreamsongs.com/IHE/IHE.html[Innovation " +"Happens Elsewhere: Open Source as Business Strategy] Ron Goldman. Richard " +"Gabriel. Copyright(R) 2005. Morgan-Kaufmann." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:366 +msgid "" +"[[Hub1994]] [Hub1994] extref:{contributing}[Contributing to the FreeBSD " +"Project] Jordan Hubbard. Copyright(R) 1994-2005. The FreeBSD Project." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:368 +msgid "" +"[[McKu1999]] [McKu1999] http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/" +"proceedings/usenix99/mckusick.html[Soft Updates: A Technique for Eliminating " +"Most Synchronous Writes in the Fast Filesystem] Kirk McKusick. Gregory " +"Ganger. Copyright(R) 1999." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:370 +msgid "" +"[[McKu1999-1]] [McKu1999-1] http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/" +"kirkmck.html[Twenty Years of Berkeley Unix: From AT&T-Owned to Freely " +"Redistributable] Marshall Kirk McKusick. http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/" +"opensources/book/toc.html[Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source " +"Revolution] O'Reilly Inc.. Copyright(R) 1993." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:372 +msgid "" +"[[Mon2005]] [Mon2005] extref:{bsdl-gpl}[Why you should use a BSD style " +"license for your Open Source Project] Bruce Montague. The FreeBSD Project. " +"Copyright(R) 2005." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:374 +msgid "" +"[[Nik2005]] [Nik2005] extref:{dev-model}[A project model for the FreeBSD " +"Project] Niklas Saers. Copyright(R) 2005. The FreeBSD Project." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:376 +msgid "" +"[[Nor1993]] [Nor1993] http://www.norvig.com/luv-slides.ps[Tutorial on Good " +"Lisp Programming Style] Peter Norvig. Kent Pitman. Copyright(R) 1993." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:378 +msgid "" +"[[Nor2001]] [Nor2001] http://www.norvig.com/21-days.html[Teach Yourself " +"Programming in Ten Years] Peter Norvig. Copyright(R) 2001." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:380 +msgid "" +"[[Ray2004]] [Ray2004] http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html[How " +"to ask questions the smart way] Eric Steven Raymond. Copyright(R) 2004." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/building-products/_index.adoc:381 +msgid "" +"[[RelEngDoc]] [RelEngDoc] extref:{releng}[FreeBSD Release Engineering] " +"Murray Stokely. Copyright(R) 2001. The FreeBSD Project." +msgstr "" |