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+---
+title: Chapter 2. Virtual Terminal
+part: Part II. Vision
+prev: books/accessibility/partii
+next: books/accessibility/colors
+description: Available features in the virtual console useful for accessibility
+tags: ["Accessibility", "Terminal"]
+showBookMenu: true
+weight: 5
+params:
+  path: "/books/accessibility/virtual-terminal/"
+---
+
+[[virtual-terminal]]
+= Virtual Terminal
+:doctype: book
+:toc: macro
+:toclevels: 1
+:icons: font
+:sectnums:
+:sectnumlevels: 6
+:sectnumoffset: 2
+:partnums:
+:source-highlighter: rouge
+:experimental:
+:images-path: books/accessibility/virtual-terminal/
+
+ifdef::env-beastie[]
+ifdef::backend-html5[]
+:imagesdir: ../../../../images/{images-path}
+endif::[]
+ifndef::book[]
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+include::shared/mirrors.adoc[]
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[]
+include::shared/{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[]
+include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists.adoc[]
+include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]
+toc::[]
+endif::[]
+ifdef::backend-pdf,backend-epub3[]
+include::../../../../../shared/asciidoctor.adoc[]
+endif::[]
+endif::[]
+
+ifndef::env-beastie[]
+toc::[]
+include::../../../../../shared/asciidoctor.adoc[]
+endif::[]
+
+[[vt4-intro]]
+== Introduction
+
+Virtual Terminal, commonly referenced and documented as man:vt[4] is the system's built-in extref:{handbook}ports[virtual console].
+It is installed by default, provides a command-line interface, and starts automatically at boot.
+This chapter presents an overview and examples of key features and utilities relevant to visual accessibility.
+
+[[vt4-colors]]
+== Colors
+
+The Virtual Terminal supports color configuration both via configuration files and interactively through a dedicated utility.
+
+[[vt4-colors-loader]]
+=== Loader.conf
+
+Colors can be set and saved using the man:loader.conf[5] file.
+To change a default color, add a line in the following format:
+`kern.vt.color._colornum_.rgb="_colorspec_"`, where:
+
+ - `_colornum_` is the numeric identifier of the color to be customized (see the table below).
+ - `_colorspec_` is a specification of the color, either as a comma-separated RGB triplet (red, green, and blue, each value from 0 to 255) or as an HTML-style hexadecimal value.
+
+.Default palette: Color, color number, default color in rgb, default color in html.
+[options="header", cols="1,1,1,1"]
+|===
+| Color | _colornum_ | default _colorspec_ RGB | default _colorspec_  html
+
+| Black
+| 0
+| 0,0,0
+| #000000
+
+| Dark red
+| 1
+| 127,0,0
+| #7f0000
+
+| Dark green
+| 2
+| 0,127,0
+| #00ff00
+
+| Dark yellow
+| 3
+| 196,161,0
+| #c4a100
+
+| Dark blue
+| 4
+| 51,102,163
+| #3366a3
+
+| Dark magenta
+| 5
+| 127,0,127
+| #7f007f
+
+| Dark cyan
+| 6
+| 0,127,127
+| #007f7f
+
+| Light gray
+| 7
+| 191,191,191
+| #bfbfbf
+
+| Dark gray
+| 8
+| 115,130,138
+| #73828a
+
+| Light red
+| 9
+| 255,0,0
+| #ff0000
+
+| Light green
+| 10
+| 0,255, 0
+| #00ff00
+
+| Light yellow
+| 11
+| 255,255,0
+| #ffff00
+
+| Light blue
+| 12
+| 115,158,207
+| #739ecf
+
+| Light magenta
+| 13
+| 255,0,255
+| #ff00ff
+
+| Light cyan
+| 14
+| 0,255,255
+| #00ffff
+
+| White
+| 15
+| 255,255,255
+| #ffffff
+
+|===
+
+[[vt4-example-loader-conf-colors]]
+.Set background in white, text in black, boot messages in red.
+[example]
+====
+[.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#
+
+[.programlisting]
+....
+# Background black to white
+kern.vt.color.0.rgb="255,255,255"
+
+# Text light gray to black
+kern.vt.color.7.rgb="0,0,0"
+
+# Boot white to red
+kern.vt.color.15.rgb="255,0,0"
+
+....
+====
+
+[[vidcontrol]]
+=== Vidcontrol
+
+The man:vidcontrol[1] utility allows you to configure colors interactively.
+Use the `show` option to display the list of available colors:
+
+[source,shell]
+....
+% vidcontrol show
+....
+
+To set the foreground color, use `vidcontrol _color_`.
+For example, to set the text color to green:
+
+[source,shell]
+....
+% vidcontrol green
+....
+
+To set both foreground and background colors, use `vidcontrol _foreground_ _background_`.
+For example, to set blue text on a green background:
+
+[source,shell]
+....
+% vidcontrol blue green
+....
+
+Configurations made with man:vidcontrol are not persistent across shutdown.
+To make the settings permanent, add the following line to man:rc.conf[5]:
+`allscreens_flags="-c _foreground_ _background_"`.
+
+[[vt4-vidcontrol-colors-rc]]
+.Set blue foreground and green background.
+[example]
+====
+[.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#
+
+[.programlisting]
+....
+allscreens_flags="-c blue green"
+
+....
+====
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+Setting allscreens_flags="-c _colors_" in [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# takes effect after the system boots.
+To change the colors during the boot process, edit [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf# as crossref:virtual-terminal[vt4-colors-loader,previously described].
+====
+
+[[vt4-resolution]]
+== Resolution
+
+The `kern.vt.fb.default_mode="<width>x<height>"` option in man:loader.conf[5] allows you to configure the display resolution.
+Technically, it specifies the display mode of the Virtual Terminal, allowing you to control the size of elements displayed on the screen.
+
+[[vt4-example-resolution]]
+.Sets the width to 800 and the height to 600.
+[example]
+====
+[.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#
+
+[.programlisting]
+....
+kern.vt.fb.default_mode="800x600"
+
+....
+====
+
+[[vt4-font]]
+== Font
+
+Virtual Terminal allows you to configure the font in use, and the system supports installing and utilizing additional fonts.
+
+[[vt4-select-font]]
+=== Select a Font
+
+The utilities man:vidfont[1] and man:vidcontrol[1] can load a font from [.filename]#/usr/share/vt/fonts/#.
+To list the currently available fonts:
+
+[source,shell]
+....
+% ls /usr/share/vt/fonts
+....
+
+Usually a file name has the format `<name>-<width>x<height>`, where:
+
+ - `<name>` is the font name.
+ - `<width>x<height>` is the size.
+
+man:vidfont[1] provides an interactive menu in a Text User Interface to select a font.
+Run the following command:
+
+[source,shell]
+....
+% vidfont
+....
+
+Alternatively, man:vidcontrol[1] provides a CLI, `vidcontrol -f _font_`.
+Example for `spleen-32x64.fnt`:
+
+[source,shell]
+....
+% vidcontrol -f spleen-32x64.fnt
+....
+
+[TIP]
+====
+Tip: You can omit the _.fnt_ extension when specifying the file name.
+For example, to load `spleen-32x64.fnt`, use:
+
+[source,shell]
+....
+% vidcontrol -f spleen-32x64
+....
+====
+
+Settings configured with either utility are not preserved after a reboot.
+
+[[vt4-vidcontrol-font-rc]]
+.Select the font to load at each startup.
+[example]
+====
+[.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#
+
+[.programlisting]
+....
+allscreens_flags="-f spleen-32x64.fnt"
+
+....
+====
+
+[[vt4-new-font]]
+=== New Fonts
+
+The man:vtfontcvt[8] utility allows you to convert a font into the .fnt format for use in the Virtual Terminal.
+The converted font must be copied to [.filename]#/usr/share/vt/fonts/# and selected as crossref:virtual-terminal[vt4-select-font,previously described].
+
+[[vt4-bell]]
+== Bell
+
+The terminal bell can be activated by:
+
+[source,shell]
+....
+# sysctl kern.vt.enable_bell=1
+....
+
+To make the configuration persistent after reboot, save it in either man:loader.conf[5] or man:sysctl.conf[5].
+
+[[vt4-example-bell]]
+.Active the bell at each startup.
+[example]
+====
+[.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#
+or
+[.filename]#/etc/sysctl.conf#
+
+[.programlisting]
+....
+kern.vt.enable_bell=1
+
+....
+====