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Diffstat (limited to 'en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/introduction/chapter.xml')
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1 files changed, 93 insertions, 159 deletions
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/introduction/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/introduction/chapter.xml index 9adbd535d2..74de18266c 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/introduction/chapter.xml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/introduction/chapter.xml @@ -4,22 +4,17 @@ $FreeBSD$ --> - -<chapter id="introduction"> - <chapterinfo> +<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="introduction"> + <info><title>Introduction</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Jim</firstname> - <surname>Mock</surname> - <contrib>Restructured, reorganized, and parts - rewritten by </contrib> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Jim</firstname><surname>Mock</surname></personname><contrib>Restructured, reorganized, and parts + rewritten by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> - </chapterinfo> + </info> - <title>Introduction</title> + - <sect1 id="introduction-synopsis"> + <sect1 xml:id="introduction-synopsis"> <title>Synopsis</title> <para>Thank you for your interest in &os;! The following chapter @@ -54,7 +49,7 @@ </itemizedlist> </sect1> - <sect1 id="nutshell"> + <sect1 xml:id="nutshell"> <title>Welcome to &os;!</title> <indexterm><primary>4.4BSD-Lite</primary></indexterm> @@ -66,11 +61,10 @@ read about <link linkend="history">the history of &os;</link>, or the <link linkend="relnotes">current release</link>. If you are interested in contributing something to the Project (code, - hardware, funding), see the <ulink - url="&url.articles.contributing;/index.html">Contributing to - &os;</ulink> article.</para> + hardware, funding), see the <link xlink:href="&url.articles.contributing;/index.html">Contributing to + &os;</link> article.</para> - <sect2 id="os-overview"> + <sect2 xml:id="os-overview"> <title>What Can &os; Do?</title> <para>&os; has many noteworthy features. Some of these @@ -357,8 +351,7 @@ </indexterm> With support for the &arm;, &mips; and &powerpc; platforms, coupled with a robust network stack, - cutting edge features and the permissive <ulink - url="&url.books.faq;/introduction.html#bsd-license-restrictions">BSD license</ulink> + cutting edge features and the permissive <link xlink:href="&url.books.faq;/introduction.html#bsd-license-restrictions">BSD license</link> &os; makes an excellent foundation for building embedded routers, firewalls, and other devices.</para> </listitem> @@ -400,12 +393,11 @@ </itemizedlist> <para>&os; is available to download free of charge, or can be - obtained on either CD-ROM or DVD. Please see <xref - linkend="mirrors"/> for more information about obtaining + obtained on either CD-ROM or DVD. Please see <xref linkend="mirrors"/> for more information about obtaining &os;.</para> </sect2> - <sect2 id="introduction-nutshell-users"> + <sect2 xml:id="introduction-nutshell-users"> <title>Who Uses &os;?</title> <indexterm> @@ -421,8 +413,7 @@ <itemizedlist> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</link><indexterm> <primary>Apache</primary></indexterm> - The Apache Software Foundation runs most of its public facing infrastructure, including possibly one of the largest SVN @@ -431,8 +422,7 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.apple.com/">Apple</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple</link><indexterm> <primary>Apple</primary></indexterm> - OS X borrows heavily from &os; for the network stack, virtual file system, and many userland components. Apple iOS also @@ -440,16 +430,14 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.cisco.com/">Cisco</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.cisco.com/">Cisco</link><indexterm> <primary>Cisco</primary></indexterm> - IronPort network security and anti-spam appliances run a modified &os; kernel.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.citrix.com/">Citrix</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.citrix.com/">Citrix</link><indexterm> <primary>Citrix</primary></indexterm> - The NetScaler line of security appliances provide layer 4-7 load balancing, content caching, application firewall, secure @@ -458,9 +446,8 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.dell.com/KACE">Dell - KACE</ulink><indexterm><primary>Dell + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.dell.com/KACE">Dell + KACE</link><indexterm><primary>Dell KACE</primary></indexterm> - The KACE system management appliances run &os; because of its reliability, scalability, and the community that supports @@ -468,8 +455,8 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink url="http://www.experts-exchange.com/">Experts - Exchange</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.experts-exchange.com/">Experts + Exchange</link><indexterm> <primary>Experts Exchange</primary> </indexterm> - All public facing web servers are powered by &os; and they make extensive use of jails to isolate @@ -478,8 +465,7 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.isilon.com/">Isilon</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.isilon.com/">Isilon</link><indexterm> <primary>Isilon</primary></indexterm> - Isilon's enterprise storage appliances are based on &os;. The extremely liberal &os; license allowed Isilon to integrate @@ -489,8 +475,7 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.ixsystems.com/">iXsystems</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.ixsystems.com/">iXsystems</link><indexterm> <primary>iXsystems</primary></indexterm> - The TrueNAS line of unified storage appliances is based on &os;. In addition to their commercial products, iXsystems also @@ -499,8 +484,7 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.juniper.net/">Juniper</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.juniper.net/">Juniper</link><indexterm> <primary>Juniper</primary></indexterm> - The JunOS operating system that powers all Juniper networking gear (including routers, switches, security, and networking @@ -513,16 +497,14 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.mcafee.com/">McAfee</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.mcafee.com/">McAfee</link><indexterm> <primary>McAfee</primary></indexterm> - SecurOS, the basis of McAfee enterprise firewall products including Sidewinder is based on &os;.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.netapp.com/">NetApp</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.netapp.com/">NetApp</link><indexterm> <primary>NetApp</primary></indexterm> - The Data ONTAP GX line of storage appliances are based on &os;. In addition, NetApp has contributed back many features, @@ -530,8 +512,7 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.netflix.com/">Netflix</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.netflix.com/">Netflix</link><indexterm> <primary>Netflix</primary></indexterm> - The OpenConnect appliance that Netflix uses to stream movies to its customers is based on &os;. Netflix has make extensive @@ -542,8 +523,7 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.sandvine.com/">Sandvine</ulink> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.sandvine.com/">Sandvine</link> <indexterm><primary>Sandvine</primary></indexterm> - Sandvine uses &os; as the basis of their high performance realtime network processing platforms that @@ -552,16 +532,14 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.sony.com/">Sony</ulink> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.sony.com/">Sony</link> <indexterm><primary>Sony</primary></indexterm> - Both the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4 gaming consoles run modified versions of &os;.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.sophos.com/">Sophos</ulink> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.sophos.com/">Sophos</link> <indexterm><primary>Sophos</primary></indexterm> - The Sophos Email Appliance product is based on a hardened &os; and scans inbound mail for spam and viruses, @@ -570,17 +548,15 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.spectralogic.com/">Spectra Logic</ulink> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.spectralogic.com/">Spectra Logic</link> <indexterm><primary>Spectra Logic</primary></indexterm> - The nTier line of archive grade storage appliances run &os; and OpenZFS.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.weather.com/">The Weather - Channel</ulink><indexterm><primary>The Weather + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.weather.com/">The Weather + Channel</link><indexterm><primary>The Weather Channel</primary></indexterm> - The IntelliStar appliance that is installed at each local cable providers headend and is responsible for injecting local @@ -589,8 +565,7 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.verisign.com/">Verisign</ulink> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.verisign.com/">Verisign</link> <indexterm><primary>Verisign</primary></indexterm> - Verisign is responsible for operating the .com and .net root domain registries as well as the accompanying DNS @@ -601,8 +576,7 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.whatsapp.com/">WhatsApp</ulink> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.whatsapp.com/">WhatsApp</link> <indexterm><primary>WhatsApp</primary></indexterm> - When WhatsApp needed a platform that would be able to handle more than 1 million concurrent TCP connections per server, @@ -611,8 +585,7 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://wheelsystems.com/en/">Wheel Systems</ulink> + <para><link xlink:href="http://wheelsystems.com/en/">Wheel Systems</link> <indexterm><primary>Wheel Systems</primary></indexterm> - The FUDO security appliance allows enterprises to monitor, control, record, and audit contractors and @@ -627,16 +600,14 @@ <itemizedlist> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://bsdrp.net/">BSD Router</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://bsdrp.net/">BSD Router</link><indexterm> <primary>BSD Router</primary></indexterm> - A &os; based replacement for large enterprise routers designed to run on standard PC hardware.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.freenas.org/">FreeNAS</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.freenas.org/">FreeNAS</link><indexterm> <primary>FreeNAS</primary></indexterm> - A customized &os; designed to be used as a network file server appliance. Provides a python based web interface to @@ -647,32 +618,28 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.ghostbsd.org/">GhostBSD</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.ghostbsd.org/">GhostBSD</link><indexterm> <primary>GhostBSD</primary></indexterm> - A desktop oriented distribution of &os; bundled with the Gnome desktop environment.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://mfsbsd.vx.sk/">mfsBSD</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://mfsbsd.vx.sk/">mfsBSD</link><indexterm> <primary>mfsBSD</primary></indexterm> - A toolkit for building a &os; system image that runs entirely from memory.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.nas4free.org/">NAS4Free</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.nas4free.org/">NAS4Free</link><indexterm> <primary>NAS4Free</primary></indexterm> - A file server distribution based on &os; with a PHP powered web interface.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.pcbsd.org/">PC-BSD</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.pcbsd.org/">PC-BSD</link><indexterm> <primary>PC-BSD</primary></indexterm> - A customized version of &os; geared towards desktop users with graphical utilities to exposing the power of &os; to @@ -681,16 +648,14 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.pfsense.org/">pfSense</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.pfsense.org/">pfSense</link><indexterm> <primary>pfSense</primary></indexterm> - A firewall distribution based on &os; with a huge array of features and extensive IPv6 support.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://m0n0.ch/wall/">m0n0wall</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://m0n0.ch/wall/">m0n0wall</link><indexterm> <primary>m0n0wall</primary></indexterm> - A stripped down version of &os; bundled with a web server and PHP. Designed as an embedded firewall appliance with a @@ -698,8 +663,7 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://zrouter.org/">ZRouter</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://zrouter.org/">ZRouter</link><indexterm> <primary>ZRouter</primary></indexterm> - An open source alternative firmware for embedded devices based on &os;. Designed to replace the proprietary firmware on @@ -712,89 +676,80 @@ <itemizedlist> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.yahoo.com/">Yahoo!</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.yahoo.com/">Yahoo!</link><indexterm> <primary>Yahoo!</primary></indexterm></para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.yandex.ru/">Yandex</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.yandex.ru/">Yandex</link><indexterm> <primary>Yandex</primary></indexterm></para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.rambler.ru/">Rambler</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.rambler.ru/">Rambler</link><indexterm> <primary>Rambler</primary></indexterm></para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.sina.com/">Sina</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.sina.com/">Sina</link><indexterm> <primary>Sina</primary> </indexterm></para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink url="http://www.pair.com/">Pair - Networks</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.pair.com/">Pair + Networks</link><indexterm> <primary>Pair Networks</primary></indexterm></para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink url="http://www.sony.co.jp/">Sony - Japan</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.sony.co.jp/">Sony + Japan</link><indexterm> <primary>Sony Japan</primary></indexterm></para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.netcraft.com/">Netcraft</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.netcraft.com/">Netcraft</link><indexterm> <primary>Netcraft</primary></indexterm></para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="https://signup.netflix.com/openconnect">Netflix</ulink> + <para><link xlink:href="https://signup.netflix.com/openconnect">Netflix</link> <indexterm><primary>Netflix</primary></indexterm></para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.163.com/">NetEase</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.163.com/">NetEase</link><indexterm> <primary>NetEase</primary></indexterm></para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.weathernews.com/">Weathernews</ulink> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.weathernews.com/">Weathernews</link> <indexterm><primary>Weathernews</primary></indexterm></para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink url="http://www.telehouse.com/">TELEHOUSE - America</ulink><indexterm> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.telehouse.com/">TELEHOUSE + America</link><indexterm> <primary>TELEHOUSE America</primary> </indexterm></para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> - <para>and many more. Wikipedia also maintains a <ulink - url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_products_based_on_FreeBSD"> - list of products based on &os;</ulink></para> + <para>and many more. Wikipedia also maintains a <link xlink:href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_products_based_on_FreeBSD"> + list of products based on &os;</link></para> </sect2> </sect1> - <sect1 id="history"> + <sect1 xml:id="history"> <title>About the &os; Project</title> <para>The following section provides some background information on the project, including a brief history, project goals, and the development model of the project.</para> - <sect2 id="intro-history"> + <sect2 xml:id="intro-history"> <title>A Brief History of &os;</title> <indexterm><primary>386BSD Patchkit</primary></indexterm> @@ -904,23 +859,18 @@ <para>For now, long-term development projects continue to take place in the 10.X-CURRENT (trunk) branch, and snapshot - releases of 10.X are continually made available from <ulink - url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/snapshots/">the - snapshot server</ulink> as work progresses.</para> + releases of 10.X are continually made available from <link xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/snapshots/">the + snapshot server</link> as work progresses.</para> </sect2> - <sect2 id="goals"> - <sect2info> + <sect2 xml:id="goals"> + <info><title>&os; Project Goals</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Jordan</firstname> - <surname>Hubbard</surname> - <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Jordan</firstname><surname>Hubbard</surname></personname><contrib>Contributed by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> - </sect2info> + </info> - <title>&os; Project Goals</title> + <indexterm> <primary>FreeBSD Project</primary> @@ -955,18 +905,14 @@ it is a reasonable option to do so.</para> </sect2> - <sect2 id="development"> - <sect2info> + <sect2 xml:id="development"> + <info><title>The &os; Development Model</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Satoshi</firstname> - <surname>Asami</surname> - <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Satoshi</firstname><surname>Asami</surname></personname><contrib>Contributed by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> - </sect2info> + </info> - <title>The &os; Development Model</title> + <indexterm> <primary>FreeBSD Project</primary> @@ -975,9 +921,8 @@ <para>The development of &os; is a very open and flexible process, being literally built from the contributions of thousands of people around the world, as can be seen from - our <ulink - url="&url.articles.contributors;/article.html">list of - contributors</ulink>. &os;'s development infrastructure + our <link xlink:href="&url.articles.contributors;/article.html">list of + contributors</link>. &os;'s development infrastructure allow these thousands of contributors to collaborate over the Internet. We are constantly on the lookout for new developers and ideas, and those interested in becoming more closely @@ -992,8 +937,7 @@ <variablelist> <varlistentry> - <term>The SVN repositories<anchor - id="development-cvs-repository"/></term> + <term>The SVN repositories<anchor xml:id="development-cvs-repository"/></term> <listitem> <para> <indexterm> @@ -1023,11 +967,10 @@ </indexterm> For several years, the central source tree for &os; was maintained by - <ulink url="http://www.nongnu.org/cvs/">CVS</ulink> + <link xlink:href="http://www.nongnu.org/cvs/">CVS</link> (Concurrent Versions System), a freely available source code control tool. In June - 2008, the Project switched to using <ulink - url="http://subversion.tigris.org">SVN</ulink> + 2008, the Project switched to using <link xlink:href="http://subversion.tigris.org">SVN</link> (Subversion). The switch was deemed necessary, as the technical limitations imposed by <application>CVS</application> were becoming obvious @@ -1047,8 +990,7 @@ </varlistentry> <varlistentry> - <term>The committers list<anchor - id="development-committers"/></term> + <term>The committers list<anchor xml:id="development-committers"/></term> <listitem> <para>The <firstterm>committers</firstterm><indexterm> @@ -1067,8 +1009,7 @@ </varlistentry> <varlistentry> - <term>The FreeBSD core team<anchor - id="development-core"/></term> + <term>The FreeBSD core team<anchor xml:id="development-core"/></term> <listitem> <para>The <firstterm>&os; core team</firstterm><indexterm> @@ -1109,22 +1050,19 @@ and bug fixes to us on an almost constant basis. The primary way of keeping in touch with &os;'s more non-centralized development is to subscribe to the - &a.hackers; where such things are discussed. See <xref - linkend="eresources"/> for more information about the + &a.hackers; where such things are discussed. See <xref linkend="eresources"/> for more information about the various &os; mailing lists.</para> - <para><citetitle><ulink - url="&url.articles.contributors;/article.html">The - &os; Contributors List</ulink></citetitle><indexterm> + <para><citetitle><link xlink:href="&url.articles.contributors;/article.html">The + &os; Contributors List</link></citetitle><indexterm> <primary>contributors</primary></indexterm> is a long and growing one, so why not join it by contributing something back to &os; today?</para> <para>Providing code is not the only way of contributing to the project; for a more complete list of things that - need doing, please refer to the <ulink - url="&url.base;/index.html">&os; Project web - site</ulink>.</para> + need doing, please refer to the <link xlink:href="&url.base;/index.html">&os; Project web + site</link>.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> @@ -1144,7 +1082,7 @@ continued success!</para> </sect2> - <sect2 id="relnotes"> + <sect2 xml:id="relnotes"> <title>Third Party Programs</title> <para>In addition to the base distributions, &os; offers a @@ -1172,8 +1110,7 @@ <para>All recent &os; versions provide an option in the installer (either &man.sysinstall.8; or &man.bsdinstall.8;) to - install additional documentation under <filename - class="directory">/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd</filename> + install additional documentation under <filename>/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd</filename> during the initial system setup. Documentation may also be installed at any later time using packages as described in <xref linkend="doc-ports-install-package"/>. You may view the @@ -1185,8 +1122,7 @@ <term>The FreeBSD Handbook</term> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="file://localhost/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/handbook/index.html"><filename>/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/handbook/index.html</filename></ulink></para> + <para><link xlink:href="file://localhost/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/handbook/index.html"><filename>/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/handbook/index.html</filename></link></para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -1194,15 +1130,13 @@ <term>The FreeBSD FAQ</term> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="file://localhost/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/faq/index.html"><filename>/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/faq/index.html</filename></ulink></para> + <para><link xlink:href="file://localhost/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/faq/index.html"><filename>/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/faq/index.html</filename></link></para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> <para>You can also view the master (and most frequently updated) - copies at <ulink - url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/"></ulink>.</para> + copies at <uri xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/</uri>.</para> </sect2> </sect1> </chapter> |