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Diffstat (limited to 'en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml')
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml | 329 |
1 files changed, 102 insertions, 227 deletions
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml index 975b514405..42aaee5414 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ recorded audio, adding sound effects, and controlling attached MIDI devices.</para> - <para>&os; also supports the playback of video files and DVDs. + <para>&os; also supports the playback of video files and <acronym>DVD</acronym>s. The &os; Ports Collection contains applications to encode, convert, and playback various video media.</para> @@ -61,12 +61,12 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para>Play DVDs, <filename>.mpg</filename>, and + <para>Play <acronym>DVD</acronym>s, <filename>.mpg</filename>, and <filename>.avi</filename> files.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para>Rip CD and DVD content into files.</para> + <para>Rip CD and <acronym>DVD</acronym> content into files.</para> </listitem> <listitem> @@ -713,48 +713,47 @@ MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo</screen> </sect1> <sect1 id="video-playback"> + <!-- <sect1info> <authorgroup> <author> <firstname>Ross</firstname> <surname>Lippert</surname> - <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> + <contrib>Contributed by in June 2002</contrib> </author> </authorgroup> - <!-- 5 June 2002 --> </sect1info> + --> <title>Video Playback</title> <para>Before configuring video playback, determine the model - of the video card and the chip it uses. While + and chipset of the video card. While <application>&xorg;</application> supports a wide variety of - video cards, fewer give good playback performance. To obtain + video cards, not all provide good playback performance. To obtain a list of extensions supported by the <application>&xorg;</application> server using the card, run - &man.xdpyinfo.1; while <application>&xorg;</application> is + <command>xdpyinfo</command> while <application>&xorg;</application> is running.</para> <para>It is a good idea to have a short MPEG test file for - evaluating various players and options. Since some DVD - applications look for DVD media in <filename + evaluating various players and options. Since some <acronym>DVD</acronym> + applications look for <acronym>DVD</acronym> media in <filename class="directory">/dev/dvd</filename> by default, or have this - device name hardcoded in them, it might be useful to make - symbolic links to the proper devices:</para> + device name hardcoded in them, it might be useful to make a + symbolic links to the proper device:</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -sf /dev/acd0 /dev/dvd</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -sf /dev/acd0 /dev/rdvd</userinput></screen> + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -sf /dev/cd0 /dev/dvd</userinput></screen> <para>Due to the nature of &man.devfs.5;, manually created links - will not persist after a system reboot. In order to create the - symbolic links automatically when the system boots, add the - following lines to <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename>:</para> + will not persist after a system reboot. In order to recreate the + symbolic link automatically when the system boots, add the + following line to <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename>:</para> - <programlisting>link acd0 dvd -link acd0 rdvd</programlisting> + <programlisting>link cd0 dvd</programlisting> - <para>DVD decryption invokes special DVD-ROM functions and - requires write permission on the DVD devices.</para> + <para><acronym>DVD</acronym> decryption invokes certain functions that + require write permission to the <acronym>DVD</acronym> device.</para> <para>To enhance the shared memory <application>&xorg;</application> interface, it is @@ -772,7 +771,7 @@ kern.ipc.shmall=32768</programlisting> <indexterm><primary>DGA</primary></indexterm> <para>There are several possible ways to display video under - <application>&xorg;</application>. What works is largely + <application>&xorg;</application> and what works is largely hardware dependent. Each method described below will have varying quality across different hardware.</para> @@ -786,41 +785,52 @@ kern.ipc.shmall=32768</programlisting> <listitem> <para>XVideo: an extension to the - <application>&xorg;</application> interface which supports - video in any drawable object.</para> + <application>&xorg;</application> interface which + allows video to be directly displayed in drawable objects + through a special acceleration. This extension provides + good quality playback even on low-end machines. The next section describes + how to determine if this extension is running.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><acronym>SDL</acronym>: the Simple Directmedia - Layer.</para> + Layer is a porting layer for many operating systems, + allowing cross-platform applications to be developed which make + efficient use of sound and graphics. <acronym>SDL</acronym> provides a + low-level abstraction to the hardware which can sometimes be + more efficient than the <application>&xorg;</application> + interface. On &os;, <acronym>SDL</acronym> can be installed using the <filename + role="package">devel/sdl20</filename> package or port.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><acronym>DGA</acronym>: the Direct Graphics - Access.</para> + Access is an + <application>&xorg;</application> extension which allows a + program to bypass the <application>&xorg;</application> server + and directly alter the framebuffer. Because it relies on a low + level memory mapping, programs using it must be run as + <username>root</username>. The <acronym>DGA</acronym> extension can be tested and + benchmarked using &man.dga.1;. When <command>dga</command> is + running, it changes the colors of the display whenever a key is + pressed. To quit, press <keycap>q</keycap>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para>SVGAlib: low level console graphics layer.</para> + <para>SVGAlib: a low level console graphics layer.</para> </listitem> </orderedlist> <sect3 id="video-interface-xvideo"> <title>XVideo</title> - <para><application>&xorg;</application> has an extension called - <emphasis>XVideo</emphasis>, also known as Xvideo, Xv, and xv. - It allows video to be directly displayed in drawable objects - through a special acceleration. This extension provides - good quality playback even on low-end machines.</para> - - <para>To check whether the extension is running, use + <para>To check whether this extension is running, use <command>xvinfo</command>:</para> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>xvinfo</userinput></screen> - <para>XVideo is supported for the card if the result looks - like:</para> + <para>XVideo is supported for the card if the result is similar + to:</para> <screen>X-Video Extension version 2.2 screen #0 @@ -895,7 +905,7 @@ kern.ipc.shmall=32768</programlisting> with every implementation of XVideo and their absence may hinder some players.</para> - <para>If the result looks like:</para> + <para>If the result instead looks like:</para> <screen>X-Video Extension version 2.2 screen #0 @@ -903,42 +913,8 @@ no adaptors present</screen> <para>XVideo is probably not supported for the card. This means that it will be more difficult for the display to meet the - computational demands of rendering video. Depending on the - video card and processor, one might still be able to have a - satisfying experience.</para> - - </sect3> - - <sect3 id="video-interface-SDL"> - <title>Simple Directmedia Layer</title> - - <para>The Simple Directmedia Layer, SDL, is a - porting layer for many operating systems - allowing cross-platform applications to be developed which make - efficient use of sound and graphics. The SDL layer provides a - low-level abstraction to the hardware which can sometimes be - more efficient than the <application>&xorg;</application> - interface.</para> - - <para><acronym>SDL</acronym> can be installed using the <filename - role="package">devel/sdl12</filename> package or port.</para> - - </sect3> - - <sect3 id="video-interface-DGA"> - <title>Direct Graphics Access</title> - - <para><acronym>DGA</acronym> is an - <application>&xorg;</application> extension which allows a - program to bypass the <application>&xorg;</application> server - and directly alter the framebuffer. Because it relies on a low - level memory mapping, programs using it must be run as - <username>root</username>.</para> - - <para>The <acronym>DGA</acronym> extension can be tested and - benchmarked using &man.dga.1;. When <command>dga</command> is - running, it changes the colors of the display whenever a key is - pressed. To quit, press <keycap>q</keycap>.</para> + computational demands of rendering video, depending on the + video card and processor.</para> </sect3> </sect2> @@ -953,101 +929,26 @@ no adaptors present</screen> the &os; Ports Collection which can be used for video playback.</para> - <para>Many of the video applications which run on &os; were - developed as &linux; applications. Many of these applications - are still beta-quality. Some of the problems commonly - encountered with video packages on &os; include:</para> - - <orderedlist> - - <listitem> - <para>An application cannot playback a file which another - application produced.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>An application cannot playback a file which the - application itself produced.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>The same application on two different machines, - rebuilt on each machine for that machine, plays back the - same file differently.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>A seemingly trivial filter, like rescaling of the image - size, results in bad artifacts from a buggy rescaling - routine.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>An application frequently dumps core.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Documentation is not installed with the port and can be - found either on the web or under the port's <filename - class='directory'>work</filename> - directory.</para> - </listitem> - - </orderedlist> - - <para>Many applications may also exhibit - <quote>&linux;-isms</quote>. There may be issues resulting from - the way some standard libraries are implemented in the &linux; - distributions, or some features of the &linux; kernel which have - been assumed by the authors of the applications. These issues - are not always noticed and worked around by the port - maintainers, which can lead to problems like these:</para> - - <orderedlist> - <listitem> - <para>The use of <filename>/proc/cpuinfo</filename> to detect - processor characteristics.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>A misuse of threads which causes a program to hang upon - completion instead of truly terminating.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Relies on software which is not yet available in the - &os; Ports Collection.</para> - </listitem> - </orderedlist> - <sect3 id="video-mplayer"> - <title>MPlayer</title> + <title><application>MPlayer</application> and <application>MEncoder</application></title> <para><application>MPlayer</application> is a command-line video player with an optional graphical interface which aims to - provide speed and flexibility. This application, as well as - other graphical front-ends, is available from the &os; Ports + provide speed and flexibility. Other + graphical front-ends to <application>MPlayer</application> are available from the &os; Ports Collection.</para> - <sect4 id="video-mplayer-building"> - <title>Building MPlayer</title> - - <indexterm><primary>MPlayer</primary> - <secondary>making</secondary></indexterm> + <indexterm><primary>MPlayer</primary></indexterm> - <para><application>MPlayer</application> is available as a - package or port in <filename - role="package">multimedia/mplayer</filename>. Several + <para><application>MPlayer</application> can be installed using + the <filename + role="package">multimedia/mplayer</filename> package or port. Several compile options are available and a variety of hardware checks occur during the build process. For these reasons, some users prefer to build the port rather than install the - package. The available options will be displayed in a - menu after these commands are input:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer</userinput> -&prompt.root; <userinput>make</userinput></screen> + package.</para> - <para>The menu options should be reviewed to determine the + <para>When compiling the port, the menu options should be reviewed to determine the type of support to compile into the port. If an option is not selected, <application>MPlayer</application> will not be able to display that type of video format. Use the arrow @@ -1055,21 +956,13 @@ no adaptors present</screen> finished, press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to continue the port compile and installation.</para> - <para>By default, this package or port will build the + <para>By default, the package or port will build the <command>mplayer</command> command line utility and the <command>gmplayer</command> graphical utility. To encode - videos, install the <filename + videos, compile the <filename role="package">multimedia/mencoder</filename> port. Due to licensing restrictions, a package is not available for - <command>MEncoder</command>.</para> - - </sect4> - - <sect4 id="video-mplayer-using"> - <title>Using MPlayer</title> - - <indexterm><primary>MPlayer</primary> - <secondary>use</secondary></indexterm> + <application>MEncoder</application>.</para> <para>The first time <application>MPlayer</application> is run, it will create <filename @@ -1078,13 +971,13 @@ no adaptors present</screen> of the user-specific configuration files.</para> <para>This section describes only a few common uses. Refer - to the <command>mplayer</command> manual page for a complete + to mplayer(1) for a complete description of its numerous options.</para> <para>To play the file <filename><replaceable>testfile.avi</replaceable></filename>, specify the video interfaces with - <option>-vo</option>:</para> + <option>-vo</option>, as seen in the following examples:</para> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mplayer -vo xv <replaceable>testfile.avi</replaceable></userinput></screen> @@ -1100,31 +993,31 @@ no adaptors present</screen> relative performance depends on many factors and will vary significantly with hardware.</para> - <para>To play a DVD, replace the + <para>To play a <acronym>DVD</acronym>, replace <filename><replaceable>testfile.avi</replaceable></filename> with <option>dvd://<replaceable>N</replaceable> -dvd-device <replaceable>DEVICE</replaceable></option>, where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the title number to play - and <filename><replaceable>DEVICE</replaceable></filename> - is the device node for the DVD-ROM. For example, to play + and <replaceable>DEVICE</replaceable> + is the device node for the <acronym>DVD</acronym>. For example, to play title 3 from <devicename>/dev/dvd</devicename>:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mplayer -vo xv dvd://3 -dvd-device /dev/dvd</userinput></screen> <note> - <para>The default DVD device can be defined during the build + <para>The default <acronym>DVD</acronym> device can be defined during the build of the <application>MPlayer</application> port by including the <makevar>WITH_DVD_DEVICE=/path/to/desired/device</makevar> option. By default, the device is - <filename>/dev/acd0</filename>. More details can be found + <filename>/dev/cd0</filename>. More details can be found in the port's <filename>Makefile.options</filename>.</para> </note> - <para>To stop, pause, advance, and so on, consult the - keybindings, which are displayed by running <command>mplayer - -h</command>, or read the manual page.</para> + <para>To stop, pause, advance, and so on, use a + keybinding. To see the list of keybindings, run <command>mplayer + -h</command> or read mplayer(1).</para> <para>Additional playback options include <option>-fs -zoom</option>, which engages fullscreen mode, @@ -1138,38 +1031,28 @@ no adaptors present</screen> fs=yes zoom=yes</programlisting> - <para><command>mplayer</command> can be used to rip a DVD + <para><command>mplayer</command> can be used to rip a <acronym>DVD</acronym> title to a <filename>.vob</filename>. To dump the second - title from a DVD:</para> + title from a <acronym>DVD</acronym>:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mplayer -dumpstream -dumpfile out.vob dvd://2 -dvd-device /dev/dvd</userinput></screen> <para>The output file, <filename>out.vob</filename>, will be - MPEG and can be manipulated by the other packages described - in this section.</para> - - <para>The <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/">MPlayer - documentation</ulink> is technically informative and - should be consulted by anyone wishing to obtain a high level - of expertise with &unix; video. The - <application>MPlayer</application> mailing list is hostile - to anyone who has not bothered to read the documentation, so - before making a bug report, read the documentation - first.</para> - - </sect4> - <sect4 id="video-mencoder"> - <title><application>MEncoder</application></title> + in <acronym>MPEG</acronym> format.</para> + + <para>Anyone wishing to obtain a high level + of expertise with &unix; video should consult <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/">mplayerhq.hu/DOCS</ulink> as it is technically informative. + This documentation should be considered as required reading + before submitting any bug reports.</para> <indexterm> <primary>mencoder</primary> </indexterm> <para>Before using <command>mencoder</command>, it is a good - idea to become familiar with the options described in the + idea to become familiar with the options described at <ulink - url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/mencoder.html">HTML - documentation</ulink>. There are innumerable ways to + url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/mencoder.html">mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/mencoder.html</ulink>. There are innumerable ways to improve quality, lower bitrate, and change formats, and some of these options may make the difference between good or bad performance. Improper combinations of command line options @@ -1200,11 +1083,9 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting> <para><filename><replaceable>input.avi</replaceable></filename> can be replaced with <option>dvd://1 -dvd-device /dev/dvd</option> and run as <username>root</username> - to re-encode a DVD title directly. Since it may take a few - tries to get the desired result, it is recommended to dump + to re-encode a <acronym>DVD</acronym> title directly. Since it may take a few + tries to get the desired result, it is recommended to instead dump the title to a file and to work on the file.</para> - </sect4> - </sect3> <sect3 id="video-xine"> @@ -1226,40 +1107,35 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting> to open a specific file.</para> <para>Alternatively, <application>xine</application> may be - invoked to play a file immediately without the graphical - interface:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>xine</userinput></screen> - - <para>Alternatively, it may be invoked to play a file - immediately without the GUI with the command:</para> + invoked from the command line + by specifying the name of the file to play:</para> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>xine -g -p <replaceable>mymovie.avi</replaceable></userinput></screen> - <para>The <ulink - url="http://dvd.sourceforge.net/xine-howto/en_GB/html/howto.html"> - xine HOWTO</ulink> contains a chapter on performance - improvement which is general to all players.</para> + <para>Refer to <ulink + url="http://www.xine-project.org/faq"> + xine-project.org/faq</ulink> for more information and + troubleshooting tips.</para> </sect3> <sect3 id="video-ports-transcode"> - <title>The <application>transcode</application> + <title>The <application>Transcode</application> Utilities</title> - <para><application>transcode</application> provides a suite of + <para><application>Transcode</application> provides a suite of tools for re-encoding video and audio files. - <application>transcode</application> can be used to merge + <application>Transcode</application> can be used to merge video files or repair broken files using command line tools - with <filename>stdin/stdout</filename> stream + with stdin/stdout stream interfaces.</para> - <para><application>transcode</application> can be installed + <para>In &os;, <application>Transcode</application> can be installed using the <filename role="package">multimedia/transcode</filename> package or port. Many users prefer to compile the port as it provides a menu of compile options for specifying the support and codecs to compile in. If an option is not selected, - <application>transcode</application> will not be able to + <application>Transcode</application> will not be able to encode that format. Use the arrow keys and spacebar to select the required formats. When finished, press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to continue the port compile and @@ -1272,18 +1148,17 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting> <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -V --export_prof vcd-pal -o output_vcd</userinput> &prompt.user; <userinput>mplex -f 1 -o <replaceable>output_vcd.mpg output_vcd.m1v output_vcd.mpa</replaceable></userinput></screen> - <para>The resulting MPEG file, + <para>The resulting <acronym>MPEG</acronym> file, <filename><replaceable>output_vcd.mpg</replaceable></filename>, is ready to be played with <application>MPlayer</application>. - The file can be burned on a CD-R media to create a Video CD. In - this, install and use the <filename - role="package">multimedia/vcdimager</filename> and <filename - role="package">sysutils/cdrdao</filename> programs.</para> + The file can be burned on a <acronym>CD</acronym> media to create a video <acronym>CD</acronym> using a utility such as + <filename + role="package">multimedia/vcdimager</filename> or <filename + role="package">sysutils/cdrdao</filename>.</para> <para>In addition to the manual page for - <command>transcode</command>, refer to the <ulink - url="http://www.transcoding.org/cgi-bin/transcode">transcode - wiki</ulink> for further information and examples.</para> + <command>transcode</command>, refer to <ulink + url="http://www.transcoding.org/cgi-bin/transcode">transcoding.org/cgi-bin/transcode</ulink> for further information and examples.</para> </sect3> </sect2> </sect1> |