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diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/preface/preface.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/preface/preface.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1f9ecf4534 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/preface/preface.xml @@ -0,0 +1,708 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" standalone="no"?> +<!-- + $FreeBSD$ +--> + +<preface id="book-preface"> + <title>Preface</title> + + <bridgehead id="preface-audience" renderas="sect1">Intended + Audience</bridgehead> + + <para>The &os; newcomer will find that the first section of this + book guides the user through the &os; installation process and + gently introduces the concepts and conventions that underpin &unix;. + Working through this section requires little more than the desire + to explore, and the ability to take on board new concepts as they + are introduced.</para> + + <para>Once you have traveled this far, the second, far larger, + section of the Handbook is a comprehensive reference to all manner + of topics of interest to &os; system administrators. Some of + these chapters may recommend that you do some prior reading, and + this is noted in the synopsis at the beginning of each + chapter.</para> + + <para>For a list of additional sources of information, please see <xref + linkend="bibliography"/>.</para> + + <bridgehead id="preface-changes-from3" renderas="sect1">Changes from the + Third Edition</bridgehead> + + <para>The current online version of the Handbook represents the + cumulative effort of many hundreds of contributors over the past + 10 years. The following are some of the significant changes since + the two volume third edition was published in 2004:</para> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="dtrace"/>, &dtrace;, has been added with + information about the powerful &dtrace; performance analysis + tool.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="filesystems"/>, File Systems Support, has + been added with information about non-native file systems in + &os;, such as ZFS from &sun;.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="audit"/>, Security Event Auditing, has + been added to cover the new auditing capabilities in &os; + and explain its use.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="virtualization"/>, Virtualization, has + been added with information about installing &os; on + virtualization software.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="bsdinstall"/>, Installing + &os; 9.<replaceable>x</replaceable> and Later, has been + added to cover installation of &os; using the new + installation utility, + <application>bsdinstall</application>.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + + <bridgehead id="preface-changes-from2" renderas="sect1">Changes from the + Second Edition (2004)</bridgehead> + + <para>The third edition was the culmination of over two years of + work by the dedicated members of the &os; Documentation + Project. The printed edition grew to such a size that it was + necessary to publish as two separate volumes. The following are + the major changes in this new edition:</para> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="config-tuning"/>, Configuration and + Tuning, has been expanded with new information about the + ACPI power and resource management, the <command>cron</command> system utility, + and more kernel tuning options.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="security"/>, Security, has been expanded with + new information about virtual private networks (VPNs), file + system access control lists (ACLs), and security + advisories.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="mac"/>, Mandatory Access Control (MAC), is + a new chapter with this edition. It explains what MAC is + and how this mechanism can be used to secure a &os; + system.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="disks"/>, Storage, has been expanded with + new information about USB storage devices, file system + snapshots, file system quotas, file and network backed + filesystems, and encrypted disk partitions.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="vinum-vinum"/>, Vinum, is a new chapter + with this edition. It describes how to use Vinum, a logical + volume manager which provides device-independent logical + disks, and software RAID-0, RAID-1 and RAID-5.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>A troubleshooting section has been added to <xref + linkend="ppp-and-slip"/>, PPP and SLIP.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="mail"/>, Electronic Mail, has been + expanded with new information about using alternative + transport agents, SMTP authentication, UUCP, <application>fetchmail</application>, + <application>procmail</application>, and other advanced topics.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="network-servers"/>, Network Servers, is + all new with this edition. This chapter includes + information about setting up the <application>Apache HTTP Server</application>, <application>ftpd</application>, + and setting up a server for µsoft; &windows; clients with + <application>Samba</application>. Some sections from <xref + linkend="advanced-networking"/>, Advanced Networking, were + moved here to improve the presentation.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="advanced-networking"/>, Advanced + Networking, has been expanded with new information about + using &bluetooth; devices with &os;, setting up wireless + networks, and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) + networking.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>A glossary has been added to provide a central location + for the definitions of technical terms used throughout the + book.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>A number of aesthetic improvements have been made to the + tables and figures throughout the book.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + + <bridgehead id="preface-changes" renderas="sect1">Changes from the + First Edition (2001)</bridgehead> + + <para>The second edition was the culmination of over two years of + work by the dedicated members of the &os; Documentation + Project. The following were the major changes in this + edition:</para> + +<!-- Talk a little about justification and other stylesheet changes? --> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>A complete Index has been added.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>All ASCII figures have been replaced by graphical diagrams.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>A standard synopsis has been added to each chapter to + give a quick summary of what information the chapter contains, + and what the reader is expected to know.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>The content has been logically reorganized into three + parts: <quote>Getting Started</quote>, <quote>System Administration</quote>, and + <quote>Appendices</quote>.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="install"/> (<quote>Installing &os;</quote>) was completely + rewritten with many screenshots to make it much easier for new + users to grasp the text.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="basics"/> (<quote>&unix; Basics</quote>) has been expanded to contain + additional information about processes, daemons, and + signals.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="ports"/> (<quote>Installing Applications</quote>) has been expanded + to contain additional information about binary package + management.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="x11"/> (<quote>The X Window System</quote>) has been completely + rewritten with an emphasis on using modern desktop + technologies such as <application>KDE</application> and <application>GNOME</application> on &xfree86; 4.X.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="boot"/> (<quote>The &os; Booting Process</quote>) has been + expanded.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="disks"/> (<quote>Storage</quote>) has been written from what used + to be two separate chapters on <quote>Disks</quote> and <quote>Backups</quote>. We feel + that the topics are easier to comprehend when presented as a + single chapter. A section on RAID (both hardware and + software) has also been added.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="serialcomms"/> (<quote>Serial Communications</quote>) has been completely + reorganized and updated for &os; 4.X/5.X.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="ppp-and-slip"/> (<quote>PPP and SLIP</quote>) has been substantially + updated.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>Many new sections have been added to <xref linkend="advanced-networking"/> + (<quote>Advanced Networking</quote>).</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="mail"/> (<quote>Electronic Mail</quote>) has been expanded to + include more information about configuring + <application>sendmail</application>.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para><xref linkend="linuxemu"/> (<quote>&linux; Compatibility</quote>) has been expanded to + include information about installing + <application>&oracle;</application> and + <application>&sap.r3;</application>.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>The following new topics are covered in this second + edition:</para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>Configuration and Tuning (<xref linkend="config-tuning"/>).</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>Multimedia (<xref linkend="multimedia"/>)</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + + <bridgehead id="preface-overview" renderas="sect1">Organization of This + Book</bridgehead> + + <para>This book is split into five logically distinct sections. + The first section, <emphasis>Getting Started</emphasis>, covers + the installation and basic usage of &os;. It is expected that + the reader will follow these chapters in sequence, possibly + skipping chapters covering familiar topics. The second section, + <emphasis>Common Tasks</emphasis>, covers some frequently used + features of &os;. This section, and all subsequent sections, + can be read out of order. Each chapter begins with a succinct + synopsis that + describes what the chapter covers and what the reader is expected + to already know. This is meant to allow the casual reader to skip + around to find chapters of interest. The third section, + <emphasis>System Administration</emphasis>, covers administration + topics. The fourth section, <emphasis>Network + Communication</emphasis>, covers networking and server topics. + The fifth section contains + appendices of reference information.</para> + + <variablelist> + +<!-- Part I - Introduction --> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="introduction"/>, Introduction</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Introduces &os; to a new user. It describes the + history of the &os; Project, its goals and development model.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="install"/>, Installation of + &os; 8.<replaceable>x</replaceable> and Earlier</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Walks a user through the entire installation process of + &os; 8.<replaceable>x</replaceable> and earlier using + <application>sysinstall</application>. Some advanced installation + topics, such as installing through a serial console, are also + covered.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="bsdinstall"/>, Installation of + &os; 9.<replaceable>x</replaceable> and Later</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Walks a user through the entire installation process of + &os; 9.<replaceable>x</replaceable> and later using + <application>bsdinstall</application>.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="basics"/>, &unix; Basics</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Covers the basic commands and functionality of the + &os; operating system. If you are familiar with &linux; or + another flavor of &unix; then you can probably skip this + chapter.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="ports"/>, Installing Applications</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Covers the installation of third-party software with + both &os;'s innovative <quote>Ports Collection</quote> and standard + binary packages.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="x11"/>, The X Window System</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes the X Window System in general and using + X11 on &os; in particular. Also describes common + desktop environments such as <application>KDE</application> and <application>GNOME</application>.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + +<!-- Part II Common Tasks --> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="desktop"/>, Desktop Applications</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Lists some common desktop applications, such as web browsers + and productivity suites, and describes how to install them on + &os;.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="multimedia"/>, Multimedia</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Shows how to set up sound and video playback support for your + system. Also describes some sample audio and video applications.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>, Configuring the &os; + Kernel</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Explains why you might need to configure a new kernel + and provides detailed instructions for configuring, building, + and installing a custom kernel.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="printing"/>, Printing</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes managing printers on &os;, including + information about banner pages, printer accounting, and + initial setup.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="linuxemu"/>, &linux; Binary Compatibility</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes the &linux; compatibility features of &os;. + Also provides detailed installation instructions for many + popular &linux; applications such as <application>&oracle;</application> and + <application>&mathematica;</application>.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + +<!-- Part III - System Administration --> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="config-tuning"/>, Configuration and Tuning</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes the parameters available for system + administrators to tune a &os; system for optimum + performance. Also describes the various configuration files + used in &os; and where to find them.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="boot"/>, Booting Process</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes the &os; boot process and explains + how to control this process with configuration options.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="users"/>, Users and Basic Account + Management</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes the creation and manipulation of user + accounts. Also discusses resource limitations that can be + set on users and other account management tasks.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="security"/>, Security</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes many different tools available to help keep your + &os; system secure, including Kerberos, IPsec and OpenSSH.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="jails"/>, Jails</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes the jails framework, and the improvements of jails + over the traditional chroot support of &os;.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="mac"/>, Mandatory Access Control</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Explains what Mandatory Access Control (MAC) is and how this + mechanism can be used to secure a &os; system.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="audit"/>, Security Event Auditing</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes what &os; Event Auditing is, how it can be installed, + configured, and how audit trails can be inspected or monitored.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="disks"/>, Storage</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes how to manage storage media and filesystems + with &os;. This includes physical disks, RAID arrays, + optical and tape media, memory-backed disks, and network + filesystems.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="GEOM-synopsis"/>, GEOM</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes what the GEOM framework in &os; is and how + to configure various supported RAID levels.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="filesystems"/>, File Systems Support</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Examines support of non-native file systems in &os;, like the Z + File System from &sun;.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="vinum-vinum"/>, Vinum</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes how to use Vinum, a logical volume manager + which provides device-independent logical disks, and + software RAID-0, RAID-1 and RAID-5.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="virtualization"/>, Virtualization</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes what virtualization systems offer, and how they + can be used with &os;.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="l10n"/>, Localization</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes how to use &os; in languages other than + English. Covers both system and application level + localization.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="updating-upgrading"/>, Updating and Upgrading &os;</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Explains the differences between &os;-STABLE, + &os;-CURRENT, and &os; releases. Describes which users + would benefit from tracking a development system and outlines + that process. Covers the methods users may take to update their + system to the latest security release.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="dtrace"/>, &dtrace;</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes how to configure and use the &dtrace; tool from &sun; + in &os;. Dynamic tracing can help locate performance issues, by + performing real time system analysis.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + +<!-- Part IV - Network Communications --> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="serialcomms"/>, Serial Communications</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Explains how to connect terminals and modems to your + &os; system for both dial in and dial out connections.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="ppp-and-slip"/>, PPP and SLIP</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes how to use PPP, SLIP, or PPP over Ethernet to + connect to remote systems with &os;.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="mail"/>, Electronic Mail</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Explains the different components of an email server and + dives into simple configuration topics for the most popular + mail server software: + <application>sendmail</application>.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="network-servers"/>, Network Servers</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Provides detailed instructions and example configuration + files to set up your &os; machine as a network filesystem + server, domain name server, network information system + server, or time synchronization server.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="firewalls"/>, Firewalls</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Explains the philosophy behind software-based firewalls and + provides detailed information about the configuration of the + different firewalls available for &os;.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="advanced-networking"/>, Advanced Networking</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes many networking topics, including sharing an + Internet connection with other computers on your LAN, advanced + routing topics, wireless networking, &bluetooth;, ATM, IPv6, and + much more.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + +<!-- Part V - Appendices --> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="mirrors"/>, Obtaining &os; </emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Lists different sources for obtaining &os; media on CDROM + or DVD as well as different sites on the Internet that allow + you to download and install &os;.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="bibliography"/>, Bibliography </emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>This book touches on many different subjects that may + leave you hungry for a more detailed explanation. The + bibliography lists many excellent books that are referenced in + the text.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="eresources"/>, Resources on the Internet</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Describes the many forums available for &os; users to + post questions and engage in technical conversations about + &os;.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis><xref linkend="pgpkeys"/>, PGP Keys</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>Lists the PGP fingerprints of several &os; Developers.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + + <bridgehead id="preface-conv" renderas="sect1">Conventions used + in this book</bridgehead> + + <para>To provide a consistent and easy to read text, several + conventions are followed throughout the book.</para> + + <bridgehead id="preface-conv-typographic" renderas="sect2">Typographic + Conventions</bridgehead> + + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>Italic</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <para>An <emphasis>italic</emphasis> font is used for filenames, URLs, + emphasized text, and the first usage of technical terms.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><literal>Monospace</literal></term> + <listitem> + <para>A <literal>monospaced</literal> font is + used for error messages, commands, environment variables, + names of ports, hostnames, user names, group names, device + names, variables, and code fragments.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><application>Bold</application></term> + <listitem> + <para>A <application>bold</application> font is used for + applications, commands, and keys.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + +<!-- Var list --> + <bridgehead id="preface-conv-commands" + renderas="sect2">User Input</bridgehead> + + <para>Keys are shown in <keycap>bold</keycap> to stand out from + other text. Key combinations that are meant to be typed + simultaneously are shown with `<literal>+</literal>' between + the keys, such as:</para> + + <para> + <keycombo action="simul"> + <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> + <keycap>Alt</keycap> + <keycap>Del</keycap> + </keycombo> + </para> + + <para>Meaning the user should type the <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>, + <keycap>Alt</keycap>, and <keycap>Del</keycap> keys at the same + time.</para> + + <para>Keys that are meant to be typed in sequence will be separated with + commas, for example:</para> + + <para> + <keycombo action="simul"> + <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> + <keycap>X</keycap> + </keycombo>, + <keycombo action="simul"> + <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> + <keycap>S</keycap> + </keycombo> + </para> + + <para>Would mean that the user is expected to type the + <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and <keycap>X</keycap> keys simultaneously + and then to type the <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and <keycap>S</keycap> + keys simultaneously.</para> + +<!-- How to type in key stokes, etc.. --> + <bridgehead id="preface-conv-examples" + renderas="sect2">Examples</bridgehead> + + <para>Examples starting with <devicename>E:\></devicename> + indicate a &ms-dos; command. Unless otherwise noted, these commands + may be executed from a <quote>Command Prompt</quote> window in a modern µsoft.windows; + environment.</para> + + <screen><prompt>E:\></prompt> <userinput>tools\fdimage floppies\kern.flp A:</userinput></screen> + + <para>Examples starting with &prompt.root; indicate a command that + must be invoked as the superuser in &os;. You can login as + <username>root</username> to type the command, or login as your + normal account and use &man.su.1; to gain + superuser privileges.</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0</userinput></screen> + + <para>Examples starting with &prompt.user; indicate a command that + should be invoked from a normal user account. Unless otherwise + noted, C-shell syntax is used for setting environment variables + and other shell commands.</para> + + <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>top</userinput></screen> + + <bridgehead id="preface-acknowledgements" + renderas="sect1">Acknowledgments</bridgehead> + + <para>The book you are holding represents the efforts of many hundreds of + people around the world. Whether they sent in fixes for typos, or + submitted complete chapters, all the contributions have been + useful.</para> + + <para>Several companies have supported the development of this + document by paying authors to work on it full-time, paying for + publication, etc. In particular, BSDi (subsequently acquired by + <ulink url="http://www.windriver.com">Wind River Systems</ulink>) + paid members of the &os; Documentation Project to work on + improving this book full time leading up to the publication of the + first printed edition in March 2000 (ISBN 1-57176-241-8). Wind + River Systems then paid several additional authors to make a + number of improvements to the print-output infrastructure and to add + additional chapters to the text. This work culminated in the + publication of the second printed edition in November 2001 (ISBN + 1-57176-303-1). In 2003-2004, <ulink + url="http://www.freebsdmall.com">&os; Mall, Inc</ulink>, paid + several contributors to improve the Handbook in preparation for + the third printed edition.</para> + +</preface> |