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diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/Makefile b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e21072aafa --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# $FreeBSD: www/en/releases/5.0R/DP1/Makefile,v 1.4 2004/04/06 11:32:28 phantom Exp $ + +.if exists(../Makefile.conf) +.include "../Makefile.conf" +.endif +.if exists(../Makefile.inc) +.include "../Makefile.inc" +.endif + +DOCS= announce.sgml +DOCS+= hardware.sgml +DOCS+= installation.sgml +DOCS+= relnotes.sgml + +DATA= docbook.css +DATA+= errata.html +DATA+= hardware-alpha.html +DATA+= hardware-i386.html +DATA+= hardware-sparc64.html +DATA+= installation-alpha.html +DATA+= installation-i386.html +DATA+= installation-sparc64.html +DATA+= readme.html +DATA+= relnotes-alpha.html +DATA+= relnotes-i386.html +DATA+= relnotes-sparc64.html + +.include "${WEB_PREFIX}/share/mk/web.site.mk" + +XML_MIRRORS:= ${XML_MIRRORS:S@en@usr@} diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/announce.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/announce.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..87c802b38e --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/announce.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,167 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional-Based Extension//EN" [ +<!ENTITY base CDATA "../../.."> +<!ENTITY date "$FreeBSD: www/en/releases/5.0R/DP1/announce.sgml,v 1.4 2005/10/04 06:52:23 murray Exp $"> +<!ENTITY title "FreeBSD 5.0 Developer Preview #1 Announcement"> +<!ENTITY % navinclude.download "INCLUDE"> +]> +<html> +&header; + +<p><b>Date:</b> Monday, 8 Apr 2002 15:00:00 -0800<br> + <b>From:</b> "Murray Stokely" <murray@FreeBSD.org><br> + <b>To:</b> announce@FreeBSD.org<br> + <b>Subject:</b> FreeBSD 5.0 Developer Preview #1 Now Available</p> + +<p>A Developer Preview release of FreeBSD 5.0-CURRENT is now available + for widespread testing. This preview is a significant milestone + towards the eventual release of FreeBSD 5.0 in late 2002. Some of + the many new features that are available in this snapshot are listed + below:</p> + +<ul> + <li>SMP support has been largely reworked, incorporating code from + BSD/OS 5.0 (in progress).</li> + + <li>The random(4) device has been rewritten to use the Yarrow + algorithm. It harvests entropy from a variety of interrupt + sources (hardware devices) to provide the entropy required by + strong cryptography.</li> + + <li>Support for 32-bit Cardbus devices has been added for mobile + computers (NEWCARD).</li> + + <li>Significant security enhancements have been made throughout the + system, including a reworked PAM implementation, ACLs, and fewer + privileged programs in the base system.</li> + + <li>An implementation of scheduler activiations has been added to + the kernel to more efficiently handle multi-threaded + programs. (in progress).</li> + + <li>A device filesystem has been added to allow entries in the /dev + directory to be automatically attached. Among other benefits, + devfs provides better support for attaching and detaching + peripheral devices.</li> + + <li>Support for the sparc64 architecture, including most modern + workstations and entry level servers from Sun Microsystems (and + possibly clones from Tatung, and others).</li> + + <li>FFS snapshots and background fsck(8).</li> +</ul> + +<h1 class="warning">WARNING</h1> +<hr> + +<p>This is a development snapshot, and may include serious software + bugs. Do not install this on a machine where important data may be + put at risk. In addition, a number of debugging options are turned + on by default, so the poor performance of this snapshot should not + set expectations for the final release of 5.0.</p> + +<hr> + +<p>That said, we have done our best to provide a stable system for + developers and power-users to help test the new functionality in + 5.0. For a complete list of new features and known problems, please + see the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.0R/DP1/relnotes.html">release + notes</a> and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.0R/DP1/errata.html"> errata + list</a>.</p> + +<h1>Availability</h1> + +<p>5.0-DP1 is available for the i386, alpha, and sparc64 architectures + and can be installed directly over the net using the boot floppies + or copied to a local NFS/FTP server.</p> + +<p>If you can't afford the CDs, are impatient, or just want to use it + for evangelism purposes, then by all means download the ISOs, + otherwise please continue to support the FreeBSD project by + purchasing media from one of our supporting vendors. This Developer + Preview release is available on CD-ROM from the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSDmall.com">FreeBSD Mall</a>.</p> + +<a href="http://www.FreeBSDMall.com/">http://www.FreeBSDMall.com/</a> + +<p>FreeBSD is also available via anonymous FTP from mirror sites in + the following countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, + Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, + Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Korea, + Lithuania, Latvia, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, + Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, + Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, the Ukraine, the United Kingdom, + and the United States.</p> + +<p>Before trying the central FTP site, please check your regional + mirror(s) first by going to:</p> + +<tt>ftp://ftp.<yourdomain>.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD</tt> + +<p>Any additional mirror sites will be labeled ftp2, ftp3 and so on.</p> + + +<p>We can't promise that all the mirror sites will carry the larger + ISO images, but they will at least be available from:</p> + +<ul> + <li><a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></li> + <li><a + href="ftp://ftp2.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp://ftp2.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></li> + <li><a + href="ftp://ftp5.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp://ftp5.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></li> + <li><a + href="ftp://ftp.au.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp://ftp.au.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></li> + <li><a + href="ftp://ftp.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp://ftp.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></li> + <li><a + href="ftp://ftp.dk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp://ftp.dk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></li> +</ul> + +<p>See the <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook">FreeBSD + Handbook</a> for additional information about FreeBSD mirror sites.</p> + + +<h1>Acknowledgments</h1> + +<p>Finally, we would like to thank the developers, users, and +companies that continue to make FreeBSD releases possible.</p> + +<p>Many companies donated equipment, network access, or man-hours to + finance our ongoing release engineering activities, including <a + href="http://www.compaq.com">Compaq</a>, <a + href="http://www.yahoo.com">Yahoo!</a>, and <a + href="http://www.freebsdmall.com">The FreeBSD Mall</a>.</p> + +<p>I couldn't possibly list all of the people that have helped make +5.0 DP1 a reality, but the following people deserve to be singled out. +Will Andrews, Kris Kennaway, Steve Price, and the rest of the Ports +team did an incredible job fixing hundreds of third-party packages. +Robert Watson and Bruce A. Mah did an excellent job writing up the +errata file, helping to decide what changes should be made +specifically for this DP release, and much more. Jake Burkholder +acted not only as lead developer for the sparc64 port, but also as +package builder and release engineer! David O'Brien helped integrate +XFree86 4.2 into this snapshot.</p> + +<p>Please join me in thanking them for all the hard work that went + into polishing the FreeBSD -CURRENT development branch over the past + month. I would also like to thank the FreeBSD Committers + (committers@FreeBSD.org), without whom there would be nothing to + release, and the many thousands of FreeBSD users world-wide who + contributed bug fixes, features and suggestions.</p> + +<p>Above all else, remember that this is a work in progress. Please +help us find bugs now, so that 5.0-RELEASE will be that much better.</p> + +<p>Thanks!</p> + +<p>- Murray</p> + +&footer; + +</body> +</html> + diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/docbook.css b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/docbook.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9d656f3e04 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/docbook.css @@ -0,0 +1,161 @@ +/* + * Copyright (c) 2001 The FreeBSD Documentation Project + * All rights reserved. + * + * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without + * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions + * are met: + * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright + * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. + * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright + * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the + * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. + * + * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND + * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE + * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE + * ARE DISCLAIMED. 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Also included is a list of areas of the + base system that could benefit from some extra + testing.</p> + + <p>Please note that FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 is not an officially + supported release of FreeBSD. Unlike supported releases, + this errata file will not be updated. Testers of FreeBSD + 5.0-DP1 should subscribe to the FreeBSD-current mailing + list <tt class="EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:freebsd-current@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-current@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt> + to stay informed about late-breaking issues and + developments.</p> + </div> + </blockquote> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN13">1 Known Problems</a></h1> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Serial GDB is broken.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>LOMAC doesn't protect against a certain class of + inter-process activities such as signaling, since the + MAC hooks those checks rely on aren't in the base tree + yet.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><tt class="COMMAND">gcc -O</tt> is known to be + broken.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>There are two different PCCARD implementations, + OLDCARD and NEWCARD. NEWCARD has support for Cardbus, + but has PCCARD problems.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Kernels may have to be built with <tt class= + "LITERAL">-DNO_WERROR=yes</tt> due to warning handling + in the build infrastructure.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The system documentation indicates that there is + support for POSIX.1e capabilities, but the kernel + infrastructure is not merged; the documentation and + library may be removed before 5.0 depending on strategy + decisions not yet made.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NFS client locking does not interact well with <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> + environments; locking only works for processes sharing + the same root as the locking daemon.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> appears to have + some problems compiling software from the ports + collection (specifically, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ld</span>(1)</span></a> is known to + have a problem with multiple references to some + symbols).</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The hardware timecounter code has recently been + changed. Some systems may emit warning messages to the + console such as ``<tt class="ERRORNAME">calcru: + negative time of -48 usec for pid 155 (csh)</tt>''. + Please read the FreeBSD-current mailing list <tt class= + "EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:freebsd-current@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-current@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt> + for information about what these messages mean, and how + to get rid of them.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> 4.2.0 was + recently made the default version of XFree86 installed + by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>. By + default, X tries to access <tt class= + "DEVICENAME">/dev/mouse</tt> during initial + configuration, but that should be changed to <tt class= + "DEVICENAME">/dev/sysmouse</tt>.</p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN53">2 Unfinished + Features</a></h1> + + <p>A number of very significant changes to the system will + be made for FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE. These features, and their + approximate status, are noted here.</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>The lock-pushdown for fine-grained kernel threading + is in-process, and not complete in this snapshot. As a + result, the full benefits are not yet realized.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Scheduler activation support exists only in the + kernel, not in the userland thread library, and in this + snapshot, threads from the same process using KSE can + execute on only one processor at a time.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Mandatory access control support from the TrustedBSD + branch is not yet merged.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>UFS2 (essentially, UFS with extended attributes in + inodes) is not yet ready for inclusion in the + snapshot.</p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN65">3 Known Pitfalls</a></h1> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 has a number of debugging features + enabled. These generally have a negative impact on + performance. One notable example is that the user-level + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=malloc&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">malloc</span>(3)</span></a> functions + behave, by default, as though the <tt class= + "LITERAL">AJ</tt> debugging flags were set. Those + benchmarking the system should be sure to run without + debugging features enabled.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Interrupt latency is high due to on-going SMP work, + this will be fixed prior to the final release.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Tighter enforcement of <tt class= + "LITERAL">#include</tt> file deprecation results in a + number of common applications failing to build. In + particular, if you <tt class="LITERAL">#include + <malloc.h></tt>, you now get a <tt class= + "LITERAL">#error</tt> instead of a <tt class= + "LITERAL">#warning</tt>.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The kernel is no longer installed as <tt class= + "FILENAME">/kernel</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">/modules</tt>, these have moved to <tt + class="FILENAME">/boot/kernel</tt>.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>When upgrading a system, make sure to pay attention + to the change from an <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/pam.conf</tt> configure file to + multiple files in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/pam.d/</tt>. Likewise, <b class= + "APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> has replaced <b class= + "APPLICATION">LinuxPAM</b>, and new PAM modules have + been introduced; this may result in warnings from older + authentication-related applications compiled under <tt + class="LITERAL">RELENG_4</tt>, such as <b class= + "APPLICATION">xdm</b>, <b class="APPLICATION">kdm</b>, + and <b class="APPLICATION">gdm</b>.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> startup code + in <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc</tt> has been changed + to support the new requirements of <b class= + "APPLICATION">sendmail</b> 8.12. The new setup may + cause problems for users running MTAs other than <b + class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b>. You can prevent any + <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> daemons from + starting at boot time by adding the following to <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt>:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + sendmail_enable="NO" + sendmail_outbound_enable="NO" + sendmail_msp_queue_enable="NO" + sendmail_submit_enable="NO" +</pre> + + <p>Note that 5.0-DP2 (as well as 5.0-RELEASE) will + support a <tt class= + "LITERAL">sendmail_enable="NONE"</tt> setting to + disable all <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> daemons + with a single variable. This functionality was <span + class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> + merged to the 5.0-DP1 snapshot.</p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN110">4 Testing Guide</a></h1> + + <p>While testing reports of all aspects of FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 + are welcomed, there are several areas which could benefit + from some extra testing:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Basic kernel functionality. The changes for SMPng + are still in progress, and have some far-reaching + effects throughout many parts of the kernel. Testing + the kernel's stability on both UP and SMP machines will + help find any regressions that may have come about.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The PAM infrastructure has undergone significant + changes, including a replacement of <b class= + "APPLICATION">Linux PAM</b> with <b class= + "APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b>.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>FFS snapshots and background <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a>. The latter + feature is enabled by default; a reasonable test for + snapshots is to do backups by creating a snapshot using + the instructions in <tt class= + "FILENAME">src/sys/ufs/ffs/README.snapshot</tt> and + performing a <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> of the + snapshot.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Because of API changes, a number of ports in the + FreeBSD Ports Collection are broken under FreeBSD + 5-CURRENT. Frequently, there are straightforward fixes + for these ports; submitting these fixes will improve + the state of buildable ports and packages that can be + shipped with FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NFS has undergone some significant code + reorganization, although it is believed to be fairly + stable. NFS client locking is a new feature.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The sparc64 platform support is new, and could use + testing on a wider variety of hardware.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> 4.2.0 was + recently made the default version of XFree86 installed + by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>. + Testing with as many different video cards as possible + will help determine if this should be merged to the + FreeBSD -STABLE branch.</p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + <hr> + + <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related + documents, can be downloaded from <a href= + "ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> + before contacting <<a href= + "mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 5-CURRENT + should subscribe to the <<a href= + "mailto:current@FreeBSD.org">current@FreeBSD.org</a>> + mailing list.</small></small></p> + + <p align="center">For questions about this documentation, + e-mail <<a href= + "mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</p> + <br> + <br> + </body> +</html> + diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/hardware-alpha.html b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/hardware-alpha.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..19abc4de83 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/hardware-alpha.html @@ -0,0 +1,5918 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> + <head> + <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"> + <title>FreeBSD/alpha 5.0-DP1 Hardware Notes</title> + <meta name="GENERATOR" content= + "Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 "> + <link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css"> + </head> + + <body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link= + "#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> + <div class="ARTICLE"> + <div class="TITLEPAGE"> + <h1 class="TITLE"><a name="AEN2">FreeBSD/alpha 5.0-DP1 + Hardware Notes</a></h1> + + <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Documentation + Project</h3> + + <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 by + The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p> + <hr> + </div> + + <div class="TOC"> + <dl> + <dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt> + + <dt>1 <a href="#AEN10">Introduction</a></dt> + + <dt>2 <a href="#AEN15">Supported processors and + motherboards</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.1 <a href="#AEN24">Overview</a></dt> + + <dt>2.2 <a href="#AEN43">In general, what do you need + to run FreeBSD on an Alpha?</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3 <a href="#AEN104">System-specific + information</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.3.1 <a href="#AEN109">AXPpci33 + (``NoName'')</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.2 <a href="#AEN184">Universal Desktop Box + (UDB or ``Multia'')</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.3 <a href="#AEN272">Personal Workstation + (``Miata'')</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.4 <a href="#AEN381">DEC3000 family (the + ``Bird'' machines)</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.5 <a href="#AEN552">Evaluation Board 64 + family</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.6 <a href="#AEN605">Evaluation Board 164 + (``EB164, PC164, PC164LX, PC164SX'') + family</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.7 <a href="#AEN668">AlphaStation 200 + (``Mustang'') and 400 (``Avanti'') + series</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.8 <a href="#AEN734">AlphaStation 500 and + 600 (``Alcor'' & ``Maverick'' for EV5, + ``Bret'' for EV56)</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.9 <a href="#AEN844">AlphaServer 1000 + (``Mikasa''), 1000A (``Noritake'') and + 800(``Corelle'')</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.10 <a href="#AEN900">DS10/VS10/XP900 + (``Webbrick'') / XP1000 (``Monet'') / DS10L + (``Slate'')</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.11 <a href="#AEN1051">DS20/DS20E + (``Goldrush'')</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.12 <a href="#AEN1120">AlphaPC 264DP / + UP2000</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.13 <a href="#AEN1166">AlphaServer 2000 + (``DemiSable''), 2100 (``Sable''), 2100A + (``Lynx'')</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.14 <a href="#AEN1237">AlphaServer 4x00 + (``Rawhide'')</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.15 <a href="#AEN1268">AlphaServer 1200 + (``Tincup'') and AlphaStation 1200 + (``DaVinci'')</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.16 <a href="#AEN1298">AlphaServer 8200 + and 8400 (``TurboLaser'')</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.17 <a href="#AEN1341">Alpha Processor + Inc. UP1000</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.18 <a href="#AEN1390">Alpha Processor + Inc. UP1100</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.19 <a href="#AEN1438">Alpha Processor + Inc. CS20</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>2.4 <a href="#AEN1485">Supported Hardware + Overview</a></dt> + + <dt>2.5 <a href="#AEN1517">Acknowledgments</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>3 <a href="#AEN1558">Supported Devices</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>3.1 <a href="#AEN1564">Disk Controllers</a></dt> + + <dt>3.2 <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet + Interfaces</a></dt> + + <dt>3.3 <a href="#AEN2777">FDDI Interfaces</a></dt> + + <dt>3.4 <a href="#AEN2787">ATM Interfaces</a></dt> + + <dt>3.5 <a href="#AEN2829">Wireless Network + Interfaces</a></dt> + + <dt>3.6 <a href="#AEN2906">Miscellaneous + Networks</a></dt> + + <dt>3.7 <a href="#AEN2916">ISDN Interfaces</a></dt> + + <dt>3.8 <a href="#AEN2980">Multi-port Serial + Interfaces</a></dt> + + <dt>3.9 <a href="#AEN3075">Audio Devices</a></dt> + + <dt>3.10 <a href="#AEN3177">Camera and Video Capture + Devices</a></dt> + + <dt>3.11 <a href="#USB">USB Devices</a></dt> + + <dt>3.12 <a href="#AEN3356">Miscellaneous</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + </dl> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN10">1 Introduction</a></h1> + + <p>This document contains the hardware compatibility notes + for FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 on the Alpha/AXP hardware platform + (also referred to as FreeBSD/alpha 5.0-DP1). It lists + devices known to work on this platform, as well as some + notes on boot-time kernel customization that may be useful + when attempting to configure support for new devices.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> This document includes information + specific to the Alpha/AXP hardware platform. Versions + of the hardware compatibility notes for other + architectures will differ in some details.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN15">2 Supported processors + and motherboards</a></h1> + <i class="AUTHORGROUP"><span class="CONTRIB">Maintained + by</span> Wilko Bulte.</i> + + <p>Additions, corrections and constructive criticism are + invited. In particular, information on system quirks is + more than welcome.</p> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN24">2.1 Overview</a></h2> + + <p>This document tries to provide a starting point for + those who want to run FreeBSD on an Alpha-based machine. + It is aimed at providing background information on the + various hardware designs. It is not a replacement for the + systems manuals.</p> + + <p>The information is structured as follows:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>general hardware requirements to run FreeBSD on + alpha;</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>system specific information for each of the + systems/boards supported by FreeBSD;</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>information on expansion boards for FreeBSD, + including things that differ from what is in the + generic supported hardware list.</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> You will see references to DEC, + Digital Equipment Corporation and Compaq used more or + less interchangeably. Now that Compaq has acquired + Digital Equipment it would be more correct to refer + to Compaq only. Given the fact that you will see the + mix of names everywhere, I don't bother.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> SRM commands will be in <tt class= + "USERINPUT"><b>UPPER CASE</b></tt>. Lower case input + is also acceptable to SRM. Upper case is used for + clarity.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> Compaq has put information on the Web + for Linux developers that is also very useful for + FreeBSD users. Please check at <a href= + "http://www.support.compaq.com/alpha-tools/" target= + "_top">Linux Alpha Power tools</a>.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN43">2.2 In general, what do + you need to run FreeBSD on an Alpha?</a></h2> + + <p>Obviously you will need an Alpha machine that FreeBSD + knows about. Alpha machines are NOT like PCs. There are + considerable differences between the various core logic + chip sets and mainboard designs. This means that a kernel + needs to know the intimate details of a particular + machine before it can run on it. Throwing some odd <tt + class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel at unknown hardware + is almost guaranteed to fail miserably.</p> + + <p>For a machine even to be considered for FreeBSD use + please make sure it has the SRM console firmware + installed. Or at least make sure that SRM console + firmware is available for the particular machine type. If + FreeBSD does not currently support your machine type, + there is a good chance that this will change at some + point in time, assuming SRM is available. All bets are + off when SRM console firmware is not available.</p> + + <p>Machines with the ARC or AlphaBIOS console firmware + were intended for WindowsNT. Some have SRM console + firmware available in the system ROMs which you only have + to select (via an ARC or AlphaBIOS menu). In other cases + you will have to re-flash the ROMs with SRM code. Check + on http://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Alpha/firmware to see + what is available for your particular system. In any + case: no SRM means <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">no</i></span> FreeBSD (or NetBSD, OpenBSD, + Tru64 Unix or OpenVMS for that matter). With the demise + of WindowsNT/alpha a lot of former NT boxes are sold on + the second hand market. They have little or no trade-in + value when they are NT-only from the console firmware + perspective. So, be suspicious if the price appears too + good.</p> + + <p>Known non-SRM machines are:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Digital XL series</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Digital XLT series</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Samsung PC164UX (``Ruffian'')</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Samsung 164B</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>Machines that have SRM but are not supported by + FreeBSD are:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>DECpc 150 (``Jensen'')</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DEC 2000/300 (``Jensen'')</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DEC 2000/500 (``Culzean'')</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AXPvme series (``Medulla'')</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>To complicate things a bit further: Digital used to + have so called ``white-box'' Alpha machines destined as + NT-only and ``blue-box'' Alpha machines destined for + OpenVMS and Digital Unix. These names are based on the + color of the cabinets, ``FrostWhite'' and ``TopGunBlue'' + respectively. Although you could put the SRM console + firmware on a whitebox, OpenVMS and Digital Unix will + refuse to boot on them. FreeBSD in post-4.0-RELEASE will + run on both the white and the blue-box variants. Before + someone asks: the white ones had a rather different + (read: cheaper) Digital price tag.</p> + + <p>As part of the SRM you will get the so called OSF/1 + PAL code (OSF/1 being the initial name of Digital's UNIX + offering on Alpha). The PAL code can be thought of as a + software abstraction layer between the hardware and the + operating system. It uses normal CPU instruction plus a + handful of privileged instructions specific for PAL use. + PAL is not microcode. The ARC console firmware contains a + different PAL code, geared towards WinNT and in no way + suitable for use by FreeBSD (or more generic: Unix or + OpenVMS). Before someone asks: Linux/alpha brings its own + PAL code, allowing it to boot on ARC and AlphaBIOS. There + are various reasons why this is not a very good idea in + the eyes of the *BSD folks. I don't want to go into + details here. If you are interested in the gory details + search the FreeBSD and NetBSD web sites.</p> + + <p>There is another pitfall ahead: you will need a disk + adapter that the SRM console firmware recognizes in order + to be able to boot from a disk. What is acceptable to SRM + as a boot adapter is unfortunately highly system and SRM + version dependent. For older PCI based machines it means + you will need either a NCR/Symbios 53C810 based adapter, + or a Qlogic 1020/1040 based adapter. Some machines come + with a SCSI chip embedded on the mainboard. Newer machine + designs and SRM versions will be able to work with more + modern SCSI chips/adapters. Check out the machine + specific info below. Please note that the rest of this + discussion only refers to Symbios chips, this is meant to + include the older chips that still have NCR stamped on + them. Symbios bought NCR sometime.</p> + + <p>The problem might bite those who have machines that + started their lives as WindowsNT boxes. The ARC or + AlphaBIOS knows about <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">other</i></span> adapter types that it can + boot from than the SRM. For example you can boot from an + Adaptec 2940UW with ARC/AlphaBios but (generally) not + with SRM. Some newer machine types have introduced + Adaptec boot support. Please consult the machine specific + section for details.</p> + + <p>Most adapters that cannot be booted from work fine for + data-only disks. The differences between SRM and ARC + could also get you pre-packaged IDE CDROMs and hard + drives in some (former WindowsNT) systems. SRM versions + exist (depends on the machine type) that can boot from + IDE disks and CDROMs. Check the machine specific section + for details.</p> + + <p>FreeBSD 4.0 and later can be booted from the + distribution CDROM. Earlier versions needed booting from + a 2 disk floppy set.</p> + + <p>In order to be bootable the root partition (partition + a) must be at offset 0 of the disk drive. This means you + have to use the installer's partitioning menu and start + with assigning partition a at offset 0 to the root + partition. Subsequently layout the rest of the partitions + to your liking. If you do not adhere to this rule the + install will proceed just fine, but the system will not + be bootable from the freshly installed disk.</p> + + <p>If you don't have/want a local disk drive you can boot + via the Ethernet. This assumes an Ethernet adapter/chip + that is recognized by the SRM console. Generally speaking + this boils down to either a 21040 or 21142 or 21143 based + Ethernet interface. Older machines or SRM versions may + not recognize the 21142 / 21143 Fast Ethernet chips, you + are then limited to using 10Mbit Ethernet for net booting + those machines. Non-DEC cards based on said chips will + generally (but are not guaranteed to) work. Note that + Intel took over the 21x4x chips when it bought Digital + Semiconductor. So you might see an Intel logo on them + these days. Recent machine designs have SRM support for + Intel 8255x Ethernet chips.</p> + + <p>Alpha machines can be run with SRM on a graphics + console or on a serial console. ARC can also be run on a + serial consoles if need be. VT100 emulation with 8 bit + controls should at least allow you to switch from + ARC/AlphaBIOS to SRM mode without having to install a + graphics card first.</p> + + <p>If you want to run your Alpha machine without a + monitor/graphics card just don't connect a keyboard/mouse + to the machine. Instead hook up a serial + terminal[emulator] to serial port #1. The SRM will talk + 9600N81 to you. This can also be really practical for + debugging purposes. Beware: some/most (?) SRMs will also + present you with a console prompt at serial port #2. The + booting kernel, however, will display the boot messages + on serial port #1 and will also put the console there. + <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">This can be + extremely confusing.</i></span></p> + + <p>Most PCI based Alphas can use ordinary PC-type VGA + cards. The SRM contains enough smarts to make that work. + It does not, however, mean that each and every PCI VGA + card out on the street will work in an Alpha machine. + Things like S3 Trio64, Mach64, and Matrox Millennium + generally work. Old ET4000 based ISA cards have also + worked for me. But ask around first before buying.</p> + + <p>Most PCI devices from the PC-world will also work in + FreeBSD PCI-based machines. Check the <tt class= + "FILENAME">/sys/alpha/conf/GENERIC</tt> file for the + latest word on this. Check the appropriate machine type's + discussion in case you want to use PCI cards that have + PCI bridge chips on them. In some cases you might + encounter problems with PCI cards not handling PCI parity + correctly. This can lead to panics. PCI parity checking + can be disabled using the following SRM command:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET PCI_PARITY OFF</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>This is not a FreeBSD problem, all operating systems + running on Alpha hardware will need this workaround.</p> + + <p>If your system (also) contains EISA expansion slots + you will need to run the EISA Configuration Utility (ECU) + after you have installed EISA cards or after you have + upgraded your console firmware.</p> + + <p>For Alpha CPUs you will find multiple generations. The + original Alpha design is the 21064. It was produced in a + chip process called MOS4, chips made in this process are + nicknamed EV4. Newer CPUs are 21164, 21264 etc. You will + see designations like EV4S, EV45, EV5, EV56, EV6, EV67, + EV68. The EVs with double digit numbers are slightly + improved versions. For example EV45 has an improved FPU + and 16 kByte on-chip separate I & D caches compared + to the EV4 on which it is based. Rule of thumb: the + higher the digit immediately following ``EV'' the more + desirable (read: faster / more modern).</p> + + <p>For memory you want at least 32 Mbytes. I have had + FreeBSD run on a 16 Mbyte system but you will not enjoy + that. Kernel build times halved when I went to 32 Mbytes. + Note that the SRM console steals 2Mbyte from the total + system memory (and keeps it). For more serious work 64 + Mbytes or more are recommended.</p> + + <p>While on the subject of memory: pay close attention to + the type of memory your machine uses. There are very + different memory configurations and requirements for the + various machines.</p> + + <p>Final word: I expect the above to sound a bit daunting + to the first-time Alpha user. Don't be daunted too much. + And do feel free to ask questions if something is not + clear after reading this document.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN104">2.3 System-specific + information</a></h2> + + <p>Below is an overview of the hardware that FreeBSD runs + on. This list will definitely grow, a look in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/sys/alpha/conf/GENERIC</tt> can be + enlightening.</p> + + <p>Alpha machines are often best known by their project + code name. Where known these are listed below in + parentheses.</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN109">2.3.1 AXPpci33 + (``NoName'')</a></h3> + + <p>The NoName is a baby-AT mainboard based on the 21066 + LCA (Low Cost Alpha) processor. NoName was originally + designed for OEM-use. The LCA chip includes almost all + of the logic to drive a PCI bus and the memory + subsystem. All of this makes for a low-priced + design.</p> + + <p>Due to the limited memory interface the system is + not particularly fast in case of cache misses. As long + as you stay inside the on-chip cache the CPU is + comparable to a 21064 (first generation Alpha). These + boards should be very cheap to obtain these days. It is + a full-fledged 64 bit CPU, just don't expect miracles + as far as speed goes.</p> + + <p>Features:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21066 Alpha CPU at 166 MHz or 21066A CPU at + 233MHz. 21068 CPUs are also possible, but are even + slower.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 0, 256k or 1 Mbyte + (uses DIL chips)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 mouse & keyboard port OR 5pin DIN + keyboard (2 mainboard models)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>bus width: 64 bits</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 style 72 pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode + SIMMs</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>70ns or better</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>installed in pairs of 2</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>4 SIMM sockets</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>uses ECC</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>512kB Flash ROM for the console code.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 16550A serial ports</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 parallel port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>floppy interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 embedded IDE interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>expansion:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>3 32 bit PCI slots (1 shared with ISA)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>5 ISA slots (1 shared with PCI)</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded Fast SCSI using a Symbios 53C810 + chip</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>NoNames can either have SRM <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">or</i></span> ARC + console firmware in their Flash ROM. The Flash ROM is + not big enough to hold both ARC and SRM at the same + time and allow software selection of alternate console + code. But you only need SRM anyway.</p> + + <p>Cache for the NoNames are 15 or 20 ns DIL chips. For + a 256 kByte cache you want to check your junked 486 + mainboard. Chips for a 1 Mbyte cache are a rarer breed + unfortunately. Getting at least a 256kByte cache is + recommended performance wise. Cache-less they are + really slow.</p> + + <p>The NoName mainboard has a PC/AT-standard power + connector. It also has a power connector for 3.3 Volts. + No need to rush out to get a new power supply. The 3.3 + Volts is only needed in case you run 3.3 Volts PCI + expansion boards. These are quite rare.</p> + + <p>The IDE interface is supported by FreeBSD and + requires a line in the kernel configuration file as + follows:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + device ata +</pre> + + <p>The ATA interface uses irq 14.</p> + + <p>The SRM console unfortunately <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">cannot boot</i></span> + from IDE disks. This means you will have to use a SCSI + disk as the boot device.</p> + + <p>The NoName is somewhat stubborn when it comes to + serial consoles. It needs</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + >>> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET CONSOLE SERIAL</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>before it goes for a serial console. Pulling the + keyboard from the machine is not sufficient, like it is + on most other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical + console needs</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + >>> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>at the serial console.</p> + + <p>There have been reports that you sometimes need to + press <b class="KEYCAP">Control</b>-<b class= + "KEYCAP">Alt</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Del</b> to capture + the SRM's attention. I have never seen this myself, but + it is worth trying if you are greeted by a blank screen + after powerup.</p> + + <p>Make sure you use true 36 bit SIMMs, and only FPM + (Fast Page Mode) DRAM. EDO DRAM or SIMMs with fake + parity <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">will + not work</i></span>. The board uses the 4 extra bits + for ECC. 33 bit FPM SIMMs will for the same reason not + work.</p> + + <p>Given the choice, get the PS/2-variant mainboard. + Apart from giving you a mouse port as bonus it is + directly supported by Tru64 Unix in case you ever want + or need to run it. The ``DIN-plug''-variant should work + OK for FreeBSD.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/axppci/design_guide.ps" + target="_top">OEM manual</a> is recommended + reading.</p> + + <p>The kernel configuration file for a NoName kernel + must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_AXPPCI_33 + cpu EV4 +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN184">2.3.2 Universal + Desktop Box (UDB or ``Multia'')</a></h3> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> Multia can be either Intel or Alpha + CPU based. We assume Alpha based ones here for + obvious reasons.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>Multia is a small desktop box intended as a sort of + personal workstation. They come in a considerable + number of variations, check closely what you get.</p> + + <p>Features:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21066 Alpha CPU at 166 MHz or 21066A CPU at + 233MHz</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: COAST-like 256 kByte + cache module; 233MHz models have 512kByte of cache; + 166MHz models have soldered-on 256kB caches</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 mouse & keyboard port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>bus width: 64 bits</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 style 72 pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode + SIMMs</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>70ns or better</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SIMMs are installed in pairs of 2</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>4 SIMM sockets</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>uses ECC</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 16550A serial ports</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 parallel port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>floppy interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 embedded 21040 based 10Mbit Ethernet, AUI and + 10base2 connector</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>expansion:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>1 32 bit PCI slot</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 PCMCIA slots</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>on-board Crystal CS4231 or AD1848 sound chip</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded Fast SCSI, using a Symbios 53C810[A] + chip on the PCI riser card</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>Multia has enough Flash ROM to store both SRM and + ARC code at the same time and allow software selection + of one of them.</p> + + <p>The embeded TGA video adapter is <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> currently + usable as a FreeBSD console. You will need to use a + serial console.</p> + + <p>Multia has only one 32 bit PCI slot for expansion, + and it is only suitable for a small form factor PCI + card. By sacrificing the PCI slot space you can mount a + 3.5" hard disk drive. Mounting stuff may have come + with your Multia. Adding a 3.5" disk is <span + class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> a + recommended upgrade due to the limited power rating of + the power supply and the extremely marginal cooling of + the system box.</p> + + <p>Multia also has 2 PCMCIA expansion slots. These are + currently not supported by FreeBSD.</p> + + <p>The CPU might or might not be socketed, check this + before considering CPU upgrade hacks. The low-end + Multias have a soldered-in CPU.</p> + + <p>Multia has 2 serial ports but routes both of them to + the outside world on a single 25 pin sub-D connector. + The Multia FAQ explains how to build your own Y-cable + to allow both ports to be used.</p> + + <p>Although the Multia SRM supports booting from floppy + this can be problematic. Typically the errors look + like:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + *** Soft Error - Error #10 - FDC: Data overrun or underrun +</pre> + + <p>This is not a FreeBSD problem, it is a SRM problem. + The best available workaround to install FreeBSD is to + boot from a SCSI CDROM.</p> + + <p>There have been reports that you sometimes need to + press <b class="KEYCAP">Control</b>-<b class= + "KEYCAP">Alt</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Del</b> to capture + the SRM's attention. I have never seen this myself, but + it is worth trying when you are greeted by a blank + screen after powerup.</p> + + <p>Sound works fine using <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a> driver and a + line in the kernel configuration file as follows for + the Crystal CS4231 chip:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + device pcm +</pre> + + <p>The sound device lives at port 0x530, and uses irq 9 + along with drq 3. You also need to specify flags 0x15 + in the hints file.</p> + + <p>I have not yet been successful in getting my Multia + with the AD1848 to play any sound.</p> + + <p>While verifying playback I was reminded of the lack + of CPU power of the 166MHz CPU. MP3 only plays + acceptable using 22kHz down-sampling.</p> + + <p>Multias are somewhat notorious for dying of heat + strokes. The very compact box does not really allow + access to cooling air. Please use the Multia on its + vertical stand, don't put it horizontally (``pizza + style''). Replacing the fan with something which pushes + around more air is really recommended. You can also cut + one of the wires to the fan speed sensor. Once cut, the + fan runs at a (loud) full speed. Beware of PCI cards + with high power consumption. If your system has died + you might want to check the Multia-Heat-Death pages at + the <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/" target= + "_top">NetBSD Web site</a> for help in reviving it.</p> + + <p>The Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge enables the use + of an IDE disk. This requires a line in the kernel + configuration file as follows:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + device ata +</pre> + + <p>The ATA interface uses IRQ 14.</p> + + <p>The IDE connector pin spacing is thought for + 2.5" laptop disks. A 3.5" IDE disk would not + fit in the case anyway. At least not without + sacrificing your only PCI slot. The SRM console + unfortunately does not know how to boot from IDE disks. + You will need to use a SCSI disk as the boot disk.</p> + + <p>In case you want to change the internal hard drive: + the internal flat cable running from the PCI riser + board to the <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">2.5"</i></span> hard drive has a finer + pitch than the standard SCSI flat cables. Otherwise it + would not fit on the 2.5" drives. There are also + riser cards that have a standard-pitch SCSI cable + attached to it, which will fit an ordinary SCSI + disk.</p> + + <p>Again, I recommend against trying to cram a + replacement hard disk inside. Use the external SCSI + connector and put your disk in an external enclosure. + Multias run hot enough as-is. In most cases you will + have the external high density 50-pin SCSI connector + but some Multia models came without disk and may lack + the connector. Something to check before buying + one.</p> + + <p>The kernel configuration file for a Multia kernel + must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_AXPPCI_33 + cpu EV4 +</pre> + + <p>Recommended reading on Multia can be found at <a + href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/alpha/multiafaq.html" + target= + "_top">http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/alpha/multiafaq.html</a> + or <a href= + "http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/computers/udb.html" + target= + "_top">http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/computers/udb.html</a>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN272">2.3.3 Personal + Workstation (``Miata'')</a></h3> + + <p>The Miata is a small tower machine intended to be + put under a desk. There are multiple Miata variants. + The original Miata is the MX5 model. Because it suffers + from a number of hardware design flaws a redesign was + done, yielding the MiataGL. Unfortunately the variants + are not easily distinguishable at first sight from the + outside of the case. An easy check is to see if the + back of the machine sports two USB connectors. If yes, + it is a MiataGL. MX5 models tend to be more common in + the used system market place.</p> + + <p>System designations look like ``Personal Workstation + 433a''. Personal Workstation, being a bit of a + mouthful, is often abbreviated to PWS. This means it + has a 433 MHz CPU, and started life as a WinNT + workstation (the trailing ``a''). Systems designated + from day 1 to run Tru64 Unix or OpenVMS will sport + ``433au''. WinNT-Miatas are likely to come + pre-configured with an IDE CDROM drive. So, in general + systems are named like PWS[433,500,600]a[u].</p> + + <p>There was also a Miata model with a special CPU + cooling system by Kryotech. The Kryotech has a special + cooling system and is housed in a different + enclosure.</p> + + <p>Features:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21164A EV56 Alpha CPU at 433, 500 or 600MHz</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>21174 Core Logic (``Pyxis'') chip set</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>on-board Bcache / L3 cache: 0, 2 or 4 Mbytes + (uses a cache module)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>bus width: 128 bits wide, ECC protected</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>unbuffered 72 bit wide SDRAMs DIMMs, + installed in pairs of 2</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>6 DIMM sockets</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>maximum memory 1.5 GBytes</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>on-board Fast Ethernet:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>MX5 uses a 21142 or 21143 Ethernet chip, + dependent on the version of the PCI riser + card</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MiataGL has a 21143 chip</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>the bulkhead can be 10/100 Mbit UTP, or 10 + Mbit UTP/BNC</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 on-board [E]IDE disk interfaces, based on the + CMD646 (MX5) or the Cypress 82C693 (MiataGL)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 Ultra-Wide SCSI Qlogic 1040 [MiataGL only]</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 64-bit PCI slots</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3 32-bit PCI slots (behind a DEC PCI-PCI bridge + chip)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3 ISA slots (physically shared with the 32 bit + PCI slots, via an Intel 82378IB PCI to ISA bridge + chip)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 16550A serial port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 parallel port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 keyboard & mouse port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>USB interface [MiataGL only]</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded sound based on an ESS1888 chip</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>The Miata logic is divided into two printed circuit + boards. The lower board in the bottom of the machine + has the PCI and ISA slots and things like the sound + chip etc. The top board has the CPU, the Pyxis chip, + memory etc. Note that MX5 and the MiataGL use a + different PCI riser board. This means that you cannot + just upgrade to a MiataGL CPU board (with the newer + Pyxis chip) but that you will also need a different + riser board. Apparently an MX5 riser with a MiataGL CPU + board will work but it is definitely not a supported or + tested configuration. Everything else (cabinet, wiring, + etc.) is identical for MX5 and MiataGL.</p> + + <p>MX5 has problems with DMA via the 2 64-bit PCI slots + when this DMA crosses a page boundary. The 32 bit slots + don't have this problem because the PCI-PCI bridge chip + does not allow the offending transfers. The SRM code + knows about the problem and refuses to start the system + if there is a PCI card in one of the 64bit slots that + it does not know about. Cards that are ``known good'' + to the SRM are allowed to be used in the 64bit + slots.</p> + + <p>If you want to fool the SRM you can type <tt class= + "USERINPUT"><b>set pci_device_override</b></tt> at the + SRM prompt. Just don't complain if your data + mysteriously gets mangled.</p> + + <p>The complete command is:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE <tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i><vendor_id></i></tt><tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i><device_id></i></tt></b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>For example:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE 88c15333</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>The most radical approach is to use:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE -1</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>This disables PCI ID checking altogether, so that + you can install any PCI card without its ID getting + checked. For this to work you need a reasonable current + SRM version.</p> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> Do this on your own risk..</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>The FreeBSD kernel reports it when it sees a buggy + Pyxis chip:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: Pyxis, pass 1 + Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: extended capabilities: 1<BWEN> + Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: WARNING: Pyxis pass 1 DMA bug; no bets... +</pre> + + <p>A MiataGL probes as:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + Jan 3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: cia0: Pyxis, pass 1 + Jan 3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: cia0: extended capabilities: 1<BWEN> + Jan 3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: pcib0: <2117x PCI host bus adapter> on cia0 +</pre> + + <p>MiataGL does not have the DMA problems of the MX5. + PCI cards that make the MX5 SRM choke when installed in + the 64bit slots are accepted without problems by the + MiataGL SRM.</p> + + <p>The latest mainboard revisions of MX5 contain a + hardware workaround for the bug. The SRM does not know + about the ECO and will complain about unknown cards as + before. So does the FreeBSD kernel by the way.</p> + + <p>The Miata SRM can boot from IDE CDROM drives. IDE + hard disk boot is known to work for both MiataGL and + MX5 disks, so you can root FreeBSD from an IDE disk. + Speeds on MX5 are around 14 Mbytes/sec assuming a + suitable drive. Miata's CMD646 chip will support up to + WDMA2 mode as the chip is too buggy for use with + UDMA.</p> + + <p>Miata MX5s generally use Qlogic 1040 based SCSI + adapters. These are bootable by the SRM console. Note + that Adaptec cards are <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">not</i></span> bootable by the Miata SRM + console.</p> + + <p>The MiataGL has a faster PCI-PCI bridge chip on the + PCI riser card than some of the MX5 riser card + versions. Some of the MX5 risers have the <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">same</i></span> chip as + the MiataGL. All in all there is a lot of + variation.</p> + + <p>Not all VGA cards will work behind the PCI-PCI + bridge. This manifests itself as no video at all. + Workaround is to put the VGA card ``before'' the + bridge, in one of the 64 bit PCI slots.</p> + + <p>Both MX5 and MiataGL have an on-board sound chip, an + ESS1888. It emulates a SoundBlaster and can be enabled + by putting</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + device pcm + device sbc +</pre> + + <p>in your kernel configuration file:</p> + + <p>in case your Miata has the optional cache board + installed make sure it is firmly seated. A slightly + loose cache has been observed to cause weird crashes + (not surprising obviously, but maybe not so obvious + when troubleshooting). The cache module is identical + between MX5 and MiataGL.</p> + + <p>Installing a 2Mb cache module achieves, apart from a + 10-15% speed increase (based on buildworld elapsed + time), a <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">decrease</i></span> for PCI DMA read + bandwidth from 64bit PCI cards. A benchmark on a 64-bit + Myrinet card resulted in a decrease from 149 Mbytes/sec + to 115 Mbytes/sec. Something to keep in mind when doing + really high speed things with 64 bit PCI adapters.</p> + + <p>Moving to a faster CPU is quite simple, swap out the + CPU chip and set the clock multiplier dipswitch to the + speed of the new CPU.</p> + + <p>If you experience SRM errors like</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + ERROR: scancode 0xa3 not supported on PCXAL +</pre> + + <p>after halting FreeBSD you should update your SRM + firmware to V7.2-1 or later. This SRM version is first + available on the Firmware Update CD V5.7, or on <a + href="http://www.compaq.com/" target= + "_top">http://www.compaq.com/</a> This SRM problem is + fixed on both Miata MX5 and Miata GL.</p> + + <p>USB is supported by FreeBSD 4.1 and later.</p> + + <p>Disconnect the power cord before dismantling the + machine, the soft-power switch keeps part of the logic + powered <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">even</i></span> when the machine is switched + off.</p> + + <p>The kernel configuration file for a Miata kernel + must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_ST550 + cpu EV5 +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN381">2.3.4 DEC3000 family + (the ``Bird'' machines)</a></h3> + + <p>The DEC3000 series were among the first Alpha + machines ever produced. They are based on an I/O bus + called the TurboChannel (TC) bus. These machines are + built like tanks (watch your back).</p> + + <p>DEC3000 can be subdivided in DEC3000/500-class and + DEC3000/300-class. The DEC3000/500-class is the early + high-end workstation/server Alpha family. Servers use + serial consoles, workstations have graphics tubes. + DEC3000/300-class is the lower-cost workstation + class.</p> + + <p>DEC3000/500-class are quite fast (considering their + age) thanks to the good memory design. DEC3000/300 is + crippled compared to DEC3000/500 because of its much + narrower memory bus.</p> + + <p>They are called ``Birds'' because their internal DEC + code names were bird names:</p> + + <div class="INFORMALTABLE"> + <a name="AEN389"></a> + + <table border="1" class="CALSTABLE"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + DEC3000/400</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Sandpiper</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + 133MHz CPU, desktop</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + DEC3000/500</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Flamingo</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + 150MHz CPU, floor standing</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + DEC3000/500X</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Hot + Pink</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + 200MHz CPU, floor standing</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + DEC3000/600</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Sandpiper+</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + 175MHz CPU, desktop</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + DEC3000/700</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Sandpiper45</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + 225MHz CPU, floor standing</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + DEC3000/800</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Flamingo Ultra</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + 200MHz CPU, floor standing</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + DEC3000/900</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Flamingo45</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + 275MHz CPU, floor standing</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + DEC3000/300</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Pelican</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + 150MHz CPU, desktop, 2 TC slots</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + DEC3000/300X</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Pelican+</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + 175MHz CPU, desktop, 2 TC slots</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + DEC3000/300LX</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Pelican+</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + 125MHz CPU, desktop, 2 TC slots</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + DEC3000/300L</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + </td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + 100MHz CPU, desktop, no TC slots</td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + + <p>Features:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21064 CPU (100 to 200 MHz) or 21064A CPU (225 to + 275 MHz)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory DEC3000/500 class:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>bus width: 256 bit, with ECC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>proprietary 100pin SIMMs</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>installed in sets of 8</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory DEC3000/300 class:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>bus width: 64 bit, with ECC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 style 72pin 36 bit FPM SIMMs 70ns or + better</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>used in pairs of 2</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Bcache / L2 cache: varying sizes, 512 kB to 2 + Mbyte</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>built-in 10Mbit Ethernet based on a Lance 7990 + chip, AUI and UTP</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>one or two SCSI buses based on a NCR53C94 or a + NCR53CF94-2 chip</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 serial ports based on Zilog 8530 (one usable + as a serial console)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded ISDN interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>on-board 8 bit sound</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>8 bit graphics on-board or via a TC card + (depending on model)</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>Currently DEC3000 machines can only be used diskless + on FreeBSD. The reason for this is that the SCSI + drivers needed for the TC SCSI adapters were not + brought into CAM that the recent FreeBSD versions use. + TC option cards for single (PMAZ-A) or dual fast SCSI + (PMAZC-AA) are also available. These cards currently + have no drivers on FreeBSD either.</p> + + <p>DEC3000/300 has 5 MBytes/sec SCSI on-board. This bus + is used for both internal and external devices. + DEC3000/500 has 2 SCSI buses. One is for internal + devices only, the other one is for external devices + only.</p> + + <p>Floppy devices found in the DEC3000s are attached to + the SCSI bus (via a bridge card). This makes it + possible to boot from them using the same device names + as ordinary SCSI hard-disks, for example:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>BOOT DKA300</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>The 3000/300 series has a half-speed TurboChannel + compared to the other 3000 machines. Some TC expansion + cards have troubles with the half-speed bus. Caveat + emptor.</p> + + <p>The embedded ISDN interface is not supported on + FreeBSD.</p> + + <p>DEC3000/300-class uses standard 36 bit, 72 pin Fast + Page Mode SIMMs. EDO SIMMs, 32 or 33 bit SIMMs all will + not work in Pelicans. For 32Mbyte SIMMs to work on the + DEC3000/300-class the presence detect bits/pins of the + SIMM must correspond to what the machine expects. If + they don't, the SIMM is ``seen'' as a 8 Mbyte SIMM. 8 + Mbyte and 32 Mbyte SIMMs can be mixed, as long as the + pairs themselves are identical.</p> + + <p>When you find yourself in need of fixing 32Mbyte + SIMMs that lack correct presence bits the following + info might be of use:</p> + + <p>There are four presence detection bits on PS/2 + SIMMs. Two of the bits indicate the access time. The + other two indicate the memory size.</p> + + <p>At one end of the SIMM there are two rows of four + solder pads. One row is connected to Vss (GND) and the + other is connected to pins 67 (PRD1), 68 (PRD2), 69 + (PRD3), 70 (PRD4).</p> + + <p>If you bridge a pair of pads with a small resistor + or a drop of solder you ground that particular bit.</p> + + <div class="INFORMALTABLE"> + <a name="AEN489"></a> + + <table border="1" class="CALSTABLE"> + <thead> + <tr> + <th width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + PRD1</th> + + <th width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + PRD2</th> + + <th width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Memory Size</th> + </tr> + </thead> + + <tbody> + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + GND</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + GND</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">4 or + 64 Mbyte</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Open</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + GND</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">2 or + 32 Mbyte</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + GND</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Open</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">1 or + 16 Mbyte</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Open</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Open</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">8 + Mbyte</td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + + <div class="INFORMALTABLE"> + <a name="AEN516"></a> + + <table border="1" class="CALSTABLE"> + <thead> + <tr> + <th width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + PRD3</th> + + <th width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + PRD4</th> + + <th width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Access Time</th> + </tr> + </thead> + + <tbody> + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + GND</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + GND</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">50 or + 100 nsec</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Open</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + GND</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">80 + nsec</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + GND</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Open</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">70 + nsec</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Open</td> + + <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> + Open</td> + + <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">60 + nsec</td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + + <p>DEC3000/500-class can use 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 Mbyte + 100pin SIMMs. Note that the maximum memory size varies + from system to system, desktop machines have sacrificed + box size for less memory SIMM sockets. Given enough + sockets and enough SIMMs you can get to 512 Mbytes + maximum. This is one of the main differences between + floor standing and desktop machines, the latter have + far less SIMM sockets.</p> + + <p>The sound hardware is not supported on any of the + Birds.</p> + + <p>There is no X-Windows version available for the TC + machines. DEC3000/300 needs a serial console. + DEC3000/500-class might work with a graphical console. + I ran mine with a serial console so I cannot verify + this.</p> + + <p>Birds can be obtained from surplus sales etc. As + they are not PCI based they are no longer actively + maintained. TC expansion boards can be difficult to + obtain these days and support for them is not too good + unless you write/debug the code yourself. Programming + information for TC boards is hard to find. Birds are + recommended only if a. you can get them cheap and b. if + you prepared to work on the code to support them + better.</p> + + <p>For the DEC3000/[4-9]00 series machines the kernel + config file must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_3000_500 + cpu EV4 +</pre> + + <p>For the DEC3000/300 (``Pelican'') machines the + kernel config file must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_3000_300 + cpu EV4 +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN552">2.3.5 Evaluation + Board 64 family</a></h3> + + <p>In its attempts to popularize the Alpha CPU DEC + produced a number of so called Evaluation Boards. + Members of this family are EB64, EB64+, AlphaPC64 + (codename ``Cabriolet''). A non-DEC member of this + family is the Aspen Alpine. The EB64 family of + evaluation boards has the following feature set:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21064 or 21064A CPU, 150 to 275 MHz</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>memory buswidth: 128 bit</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 style 72 pin 33 bit Fast Page Mode + SIMMs</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>70ns or better</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>installed in sets of 4</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>8 SIMM sockets</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>uses parity memory</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Bcache / L2 cache: 0, 512 kByte, 1 Mbyte or 2 + Mbytes</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>21072 (``APECS'') chip set</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge chip + (``Saturn'')</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>dual 16550A serial ports</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>parallel printer port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Symbios 53C810 Fast-SCSI (not on AlphaPC64)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>IDE interface (only on AlphaPC64)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded 10 Mbit Ethernet (not on AlphaPC64)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 PCI slots (4 slots on AlphaPC64)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3 ISA slots</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>Aspen Alpine is slightly different, but is close + enough to the EB64+ to run an EB64+ SRM EPROM (mine + did..). The Aspen Alpine does not have an embedded + Ethernet, has 3 instead of 2 PCI slots. It comes with 2 + Mbytes of cache already soldered onto the mainboard. It + has jumpers to select the use of 60, 70 or 80ns SIMM + speeds.</p> + + <p>36 bits SIMMs work fine, 3 bits simply remain + unused. Note the systems use Fast Page Mode memory, not + EDO memory.</p> + + <p>The EB64+ SRM console code is housed in an + UV-erasable EPROM. No easy flash SRM upgrades for the + EB64+ The latest SRM version available for EB64+ is + quite ancient anyway.</p> + + <p>The EB64+ SRM can boot both 53C810 and Qlogic1040 + SCSI adapters. Pitfall for the Qlogic is that the + firmware that is down-loaded by the SRM onto the Qlogic + chip is very old. There are no updates for the EB64+ + SRM available. So you are stuck with old Qlogic bits + too. I have had quite some problems when I wanted to + use Ultra-SCSI drives on the Alpine with Qlogic. The + FreeBSD kernel can be compiled to include a much newer + Qlogic firmware revision. This is not the default + because it adds hundreds of kBytes worth of bloat to + the kernel. In FreeBSD 4.1 and later the isp firmware + is contained in a kernel loadable module. All of this + might mean that you need to use a non-Qlogic adapter to + boot from.</p> + + <p>AlphaPC64 boards generally come with ARC console + firmware. SRM console code can be loaded from floppy + into the Flash ROM.</p> + + <p>The IDE interface of the AlphaPC64 is not bootable + from the SRM console.</p> + + <p>Note that the boards require a power supply that + supplies 3.3 Volts for the CPU.</p> + + <p>For the EB64 family machines the kernel config file + must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_EB64PLUS + cpu EV4 +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN605">2.3.6 Evaluation + Board 164 (``EB164, PC164, PC164LX, PC164SX'') + family</a></h3> + + <p>EB164 is a newer design evaluation board, based on + the 21164A CPU. This design has been used to ``spin + off'' multiple variations, some of which are used by + OEM manufacturers/assembly shops. Samsung did its own + PC164LX which has only 32 bit PCI, whereas the Digital + variant has 64 bit PCI.</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21164A, multiple speed variants [EB164, PC164, + PC164LX]</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>21164PC [only on PC164SX]</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>21174 (Alcor) chip set</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Bcache / L3 cache: EB164 uses special + cache-SIMMs</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory bus: 128 bit / 256 bit</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>PS/2 style SIMMs in sets of 4 or 8</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>36 bit, Fast Page Mode, uses ECC, [EB164 / + PC164]</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SDRAM DIMMs in sets of 2, uses ECC [PC164SX + / PC164LX]</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 16550A serial ports</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 style keyboard & mouse</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>floppy controller</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>parallel port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>32 bits PCI</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>64 bits PCI [some models]</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ISA slots via an Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge + chip</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>Using 8 SIMMs for a 256bit wide memory can yield + interesting speedups over a 4 SIMM/128bit wide memory. + Obviously all 8 SIMMs must be of the same type to make + this work. The system must be explicitly setup to use + the 8 SIMM memory arrangement. You must have 8 SIMMs, 4 + SIMMs distributed over 2 banks will not work.</p> + + <p>The SRM can boot from Qlogic 10xx boards or the + Symbios 53C810[A]. Newer Symbios 810 revisions like the + Symbios 810AE are not recognized by the SRM on PC164. + PC164 SRM does not appear to recognize a Symbios 53C895 + based host adapter (tested with a Tekram DC-390U2W). On + the other hand some no-name Symbios 53C985 board has + been reported to work. Cards like the Tekram DC-390F + (Symbios875 based) have been confirmed to work fine on + the PC164. Unfortunately this seems to be dependent on + the actual version of the chip/board.</p> + + <p>Symbios 53C825[a] will also work as boot adapter. + Diamond FirePort, although based on Symbios chips, is + not bootable by the PC164SX SRM. PC164SX is reported to + boot fine with Symbios825, Symbios875 and Symbios876 + based cards. In addition, Adaptec 2940U and 2940UW are + reported to work for booting (verified on SRM V5.7-1). + Adaptec 2930U2 and 2940U2[W] do not work.</p> + + <p>164LX and 164SX with SRM firmware version 5.8 or + later can boot from Adaptec 2940-series adapters.</p> + + <p>In summary: this family of machines is ``blessed'' + with a challenging compatibility as far as SCSI + adapters go.</p> + + <p>On PC164 the SRM sometimes seems to loose its + variable settings. ``For PC164, current superstition + says that, to avoid losing settings, you want to first + downgrade to SRM 4.x and then upgrade to 5.x.'' One + sample error that was observed was:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + ERROR: ISA table corrupt! +</pre> + + <p>A sequence of a downgrade to SRM4.9, an</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>ISACFG -INIT</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>followed by</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>INIT</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>made the problem go away. Some PC164 owners report + they have never seen the problem.</p> + + <p>On PC164SX the AlphaBIOS allows you a selection to + select SRM to be used as console on the next power up. + This selection does not appear to have any effect. In + other words, you will get the AlphaBIOS regardless of + what you select. The fix is to reflash the console ROM + with the SRM code for PC164SX. This will overwrite the + AlphaBIOS and will get you the SRM console you desire. + The SRM code can be found on the Compaq Web site.</p> + + <p>164LX can either have the SRM console code or the + AlphaBIOS code in its flash ROM because the flash ROM + is too small to hold both at the same time.</p> + + <p>PC164 can boot from IDE disks assuming your SRM + version is recent enough.</p> + + <p>EB164 needs a power supply that supplies 3.3 Volts. + PC164 does not implement the PS_ON signal that ATX + power supplies need to switch on. A simple switch + pulling this signal to ground allows you to run a + standard ATX power supply.</p> + + <p>For the EB164 class machines the kernel config file + must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_EB164 + cpu EV5 +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN668">2.3.7 AlphaStation + 200 (``Mustang'') and 400 (``Avanti'') series</a></h3> + + <p>The Digital AlphaStation 200 and 400 series systems + are early low end PCI based workstations. The 200 and + 250 series are desktop boxes, the 400 series is a + desk-side mini-tower.</p> + + <p>Features:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21064 or 21064A CPU at speeds of 166 up to 333 + MHz</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DECchip 21071-AA core logic chip-set</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Bcache / L2 cache: 512 Kbytes (200 and 400 + series) or 2048KBytes (250 series)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>64 bit bus width</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>8 to 384 MBytes of RAM</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>70 ns or better Fast Page DRAM</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>in three pairs (200 and 400 series)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>in two quads, so banks of four. (250 + series)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>the memory subsystem uses parity</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 keyboard and mouse port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>two 16550 serial ports</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>parallel port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>floppy disk interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>32 bit PCI expansion slots (3 for the + AS400-series, 2 for the AS200 & 250-series)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ISA expansion slots (4 for the AS400-series, 2 + for the AS200 & 250-series) (some ISA/PCI slots + are physically shared)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded 21040-based Ethernet (200 & 250 + series)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded Symbios 53c810 Fast SCSI-2 chip</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel 82378IB (``Saturn'') PCI-ISA bridge + chip</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>graphics is embedded TGA or PCI VGA (model + dependent)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>16 bit sound (on 200 & 250 series)</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>The systems use parity memory SIMMs, but these do + not need 36 bit wide SIMMs. 33 bit wide SIMMs are + sufficient, 36 bit SIMMs are acceptable too. EDO or 32 + bit SIMMs will not work. 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 Mbyte + SIMMs are supported.</p> + + <p>The AS200 & AS250 sound hardware is reported to + work OK assuming you have the following line in your + kernel config file:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + device pcm +</pre> + + <p>The sound device uses port 0x530, IRQ 9 and drq 0. + You also need to specify flags 0x10011 in the + device.hints file.</p> + + <p>AlphaStation 200 & 250 series have an automatic + SCSI terminator. This means that as soon as you plug a + cable onto the external SCSI connector the internal + terminator of the system is disabled. It also means + that you should not leave unterminated cables plugged + into the machine.</p> + + <p>AlphaStation 400 series have an SRM variable that + controls termination. In case you have external SCSI + devices connected you must set this SRM variable + using</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET CONTROL_SCSI_TERM EXTERNAL</b></tt>. +</pre> + + <p>If only internal SCSI devices are present use:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET CONTROL_SCSI_TERM INTERNAL</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>For the AlphaStation-[24][05]00 machines the kernel + config file must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_2100_A50 + cpu EV4 +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN734">2.3.8 AlphaStation + 500 and 600 (``Alcor'' & ``Maverick'' for EV5, + ``Bret'' for EV56)</a></h3> + + <p>AS500 and 600 were the high-end EV5 / PCI based + workstations. EV6 based machines have in the meantime + taken their place as front runners. AS500 is a desktop + in a dark blue case (TopGun blue), AS600 is a sturdy + desk-side box. AS600 has a nice LCD panel to observe + the early stages of SRM startup.</p> + + <p>Features:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21164 EV5 CPU at 266, 300, 333, 366, 400, 433, + 466, or 500 MHz (AS500) or at 266, 300 or 333 MHz + (AS600)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>21171 or 21172 (Alcor) core logic chip-set</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Cache:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>2 or 4 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600 at 266 MHz)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>4 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600 at 300 MHz)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 or 8 Mb L3 / Bcache (8 Mb on 500 MHz + version only)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 to 16 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600; 3 cache-SIMM + slots)</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory buswidth: 256 bits</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AS500 memory:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>industry standard 72 bit wide buffered + DIMMs</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>8 DIMM slots</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>installed in sets of 4</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>maximum memory is 1 GB (512 Mb max on 333 + MHz CPUs)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>uses ECC</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AS600 memory:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>industry standard 36 bit Fast Page Mode + SIMMs</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>32 SIMM slots</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>installed in sets of 8</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>maximum memory is 1 GB</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>uses ECC</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Qlogic 1020 based wide SCSI bus (1 bus/chip for + AS500, 2 buses/chip for AS600)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>21040 based 10 Mbit Ethernet adapter, both + Thinwire and UTP connectors</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>expansion:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>AS500:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>3 32-bit PCI slots</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 64-bit PCI slot</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AS600:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>2 32-bit PCI slot</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3 64-bit PCI slots</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 PCI/EISA physically shared slot</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3 EISA slots</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 PCI and 1 EISA slot are occupied by + default</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>21050 PCI-to-PCI bridge chip</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel 82375EB PCI-EISA bridge (AS600 only)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 16550A serial ports</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 parallel port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>16 bit audio Windows Sound System, in a + dedicated slot (AS500) in EISA slot (AS600, this is + an ISA card)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 keyboard and mouse port</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>Early machines had Fast SCSI interfaces, later ones + are Ultra SCSI capable. AS500 shares its single SCSI + bus with internal and external devices. For a Fast SCSI + bus you are limited to 1.8 meters bus length external + to the box. The AS500 Qlogic ISP1020A chip can be set + to run in Ultra mode by setting a SRM variable. FreeBSD + however follows the Qlogic chip errata and limits the + bus speed to Fast.</p> + + <p>Beware of ancient SRM versions on AS500. When you + see weird SCSI speeds being reported by FreeBSD + like</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + cd0 at isp0 bus 0 target 4 lun 0 + cd0: <DEC RRD45 DEC 0436> Removable CD-ROM SCSI-2 device + cd0: 250.000MB/s transfers (250.000MHz, offset 12) +</pre> + + <p>it is time to do a SRM console firmware upgrade.</p> + + <p>AS600 has one Qlogic SCSI chip dedicated to the + internal devices whereas the other Qlogic SCSI chip is + dedicated to external SCSI devices.</p> + + <p>In AS500 DIMMs are installed in sets of 4, in + ``physically interleaved'' layout. So, a bank of 4 + DIMMs is <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">not</i></span> 4 physically adjacent + DIMMs.</p> + + <p>In AS600 the memory SIMMs are placed onto two memory + daughter cards. SIMMs are installed in sets of 8. Both + memory daughter cards must be populated + identically.</p> + + <p>Note that both AS500 and AS600 are EISA machines. + This means you have to run the EISA Configuration + Utility (ECU) from floppy after adding EISA cards or to + change things like the configuration settings of the + onboard I/O. For AS500 which does not have a physical + EISA slot the ECU is used to configure the onboard + sound interface etc.</p> + + <p>AS500 onboard sound can be used by adding a line + like</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + device pcm +</pre> + + <p>to the kernel configuration file.</p> + + <p>Using the ECU I configured my AS500 to use IRQ 10, + port 0x530, drq 0. Corresponding entries along with + flags 0x10011 must go into the device.hints file. Note + that the flags value is rather non-standard.</p> + + <p>AS600 has a peculiarity for its PCI slots. AS600 (or + rather the PCI expansion card containing the SCSI + adapters) does not allow I/O port mapping, therefore + all devices behind it must use memory mapping. If you + have problems getting the Qlogic SCSI adapters to work, + add the following option to <tt class= + "FILENAME">/boot/loader.rc</tt>:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + set isp_mem_map=0xff +</pre> + + <p>This may need to be typed at the boot loader prompt + before booting the installation kernel.</p> + + <p>For the AlphaStation-[56]00 machines the kernel + config file must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_KN20AA + cpu EV5 +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN844">2.3.9 AlphaServer + 1000 (``Mikasa''), 1000A (``Noritake'') and + 800(``Corelle'')</a></h3> + + <p>The AlphaServer 1000 and 800 range of machines are + intended as departmental servers. They come in quite + some variations in packaging and mainboard/cpu. + Generally speaking there are 21064 (EV4) CPU based + machines and 21164 (EV5) based ones. The CPU is on a + daughter card, and the type of CPU (EV4 or EV5) must + match the mainboard in use.</p> + + <p>AlphaServer 800 has a much smaller mini tower case, + it lacks the StorageWorks SCSI hot-plug chassis. The + main difference between AS1000 and AS1000A is that + AS1000A has 7 PCI slots whereas AS1000 only has 3 PCI + slots and has EISA slots instead.</p> + + <p>AS800 with an EV5/400 MHz CPU was later re-branded + to become a ``DIGITAL Server 3300[R]'', AS800 with an + EV5/500 MHz CPU was later re-branded to become a + ``DIGITAL Server 3305[R]''.</p> + + <p>Features:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21064 EV4[5] CPU at 200, 233 or 266 MHz 21164 + EV5[6] CPU at 300, 333 or 400 MHz (or 500 MHz for + AS800 only)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>buswidth: 128 bit with ECC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AS1000[A]:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>72pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs, 70ns + or better</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>16 (EV5 machines) or 20 (EV4 machines) + SIMM slots</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>max memory is 1 GB</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>uses ECC</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AS800: Uses 60ns 3.3 Volts EDO DIMMs</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded VGA (on some mainboard models)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3 PCI, 2 EISA, 1 64-bit PCI/EISA combo + (AS800)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>7 PCI, 2 EISA (AS1000A)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 PCI, 1 EISA/PCI, 7 EISA (AS1000)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded SCSI based on Symbios 810 [AS1000] or + Qlogic 1020 [AS1000A]</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>AS1000 based machines come in multiple enclosure + types. Floor standing, rack-mount, with or without + StorageWorks SCSI chassis etc. The electronics are the + same.</p> + + <p>AS1000-systems: All EV4 based machines use standard + PS/2 style 36 bit 72pin SIMMs in sets of 5. The fifth + SIMM is used for ECC. All EV5 based machines use + standard PS/2 style 36 bit 72pin SIMMs in sets of 4. + The ECC is done based on the 4 extra bits per SIMM (4 + bits out of 36). The EV5 mainboards have 16 SIMM slots, + the EV4 mainboards have 20 slots.</p> + + <p>AS800 machines use DIMMs in sets of 4. DIMM + installation must start in slots marked bank 0. A bank + is four physically adjacent slots. The biggest size + DIMMs must be installed in bank 0 in case 2 banks of + different DIMM sizes are used. Max memory size is 2GB. + Note that these are EDO DIMMs.</p> + + <p>The AS1000/800 are somewhat stubborn when it comes + to serial consoles. They need</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + >>> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET CONSOLE SERIAL</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>before they go for a serial console. Pulling the + keyboard from the machine is not sufficient, like it is + on most other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical + console needs</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + >>> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>at the serial console.</p> + + <p>For AS800 you want to check if your Ultra-Wide SCSI + is indeed in Ultra mode. This can be done using the <tt + class="FILENAME">EEROMCFG.EXE</tt> utility that is on + the Console Firmware Upgrade CDROM.</p> + + <p>For the AlphaServer1000/1000A/800 machines the + kernel config file must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_1000A + cpu EV4 # depends on the CPU model installed + cpu EV5 # depends on the CPU model installed +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN900">2.3.10 + DS10/VS10/XP900 (``Webbrick'') / XP1000 (``Monet'') / + DS10L (``Slate'')</a></h3> + + <p>Webbrick and Monet are high performance + workstations/servers based on the EV6 CPU and the + Tsunami chipset. Tsunami is also used in much + higher-end systems and as such has plenty of + performance to offer. DS10, VS10 and XP900 are + different names for essentially the same system. The + differences are the software and options that are + supported. DS10L is a DS10 based machine in a 1U high + rackmount enclosure. DS10L is intended for ISPs and for + HPTC clusters (e.g. Beowulf)</p> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN906">2.3.10.1 + ``Webbrick / Slate''</a></h4> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21264 EV6 CPU at 466 MHz</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>L2 / Bcache: 2MB, ECC protected</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory bus: 128 bit via crossbar, 1.3GB/sec + memory bandwidth</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>industry standard 200 pin 83 MHz buffered + ECC SDRAM DIMMs</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>4 DIMM slots for DS10; 2GB max memory</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 DIMM slots for DS10L; 1GB max memory</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DIMMs are installed in pairs of 2</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>21271 Core Logic chipset (``Tsunami'')</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 on-board 21143 Fast Ethernet controllers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V) USB controller + (disabled)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AcerLabs M1533 PCI-ISA bridge</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AcerLabs Aladdin ATA-33 controller</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded dual EIDE</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>expansion: 3 64-bit PCI slots and 1 32-bit PCI + slot. DS10L has a single 64bit PCI slot</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 16550A serial ports</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 parallel port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 USB</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 keyboard & mouse port</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>The system has a smart power controller. This + means that parts of the system remain powered when it + is switched off (like an ATX-style PC power supply). + Before servicing the machine remove the power + cord.</p> + + <p>The smart power controller is called the RMC. When + enabled, typing <b class="KEYCAP">Escape</b><b class= + "KEYCAP">Escape</b>RMC on serial port 1 will bring + you to the RMC prompt. RMC allows you to powerup or + powerdown, reset the machine, monitor and set + temperature trip levels etc. RMC has its own builtin + help.</p> + + <p>Webbrick is shipped in a desktop-style case + similar to the older 21164 ``Maverick'' workstations + but this case offers much better access to the + components. If you intend to build a farm you can + rackmount them in a 19-inch rack; they are 3U high. + Slate is 1U high but has only one PCI slot.</p> + + <p>DS10 has 4 DIMM slots. DIMMs are installed as + pairs. Please note that DIMM pairs are not installed + in adjacent DIMM sockets but rather physically + interleaved. DIMM sizes of 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 + Mbytes are supported.</p> + + <p>When 2 pairs of identical-sized DIMMs are + installed DS10 will use memory interleaving for + increased performance. DS10L, which has only 2 DIMM + slots cannot do interleaving.</p> + + <p>Starting with SRM firmware version 5.9 you can + boot from Adaptec 2940-series adapters in addition to + the usual set of Qlogic and Symbios/NCR adapters.</p> + + <p>The base model comes with a FUJITSU 9.5GB ATA disk + as its boot device. FreeBSD works just fine using + EIDE disks on Webbrick. DS10 has 2 IDE interfaces on + the mainboard. Machines destined for Tru64 Unix or + VMS are standard equipped with Qlogic-driven + Ultra-SCSI disks</p> + + <p>On the PCI bus 32 and 64 bit cards are supported, + in 3.3V and 5V variants.</p> + + <p>The USB ports are not supported and are disabled + by the SRM console in all recent SRM versions.</p> + + <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_ST6600 + cpu EV5 +</pre> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> Contrary to expectation there is + no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for + inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt + class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is mandatory to keep + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> + happy.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN971">2.3.10.2 + ``Monet''</a></h4> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21264 EV6 at 500 MHz 21264 EV67 at 500 or 667 + MHz (XP1000G, codenamed Brisbane) CPU is mounted + on a daughter-card which is field-upgradable</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>L2 / Bcache: 4MB, ECC protected</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory bus: 256 bit</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory: 128 or 256 Mbytes 100 MHz (PC100) 168 + pin JEDEC standard, registered ECC SDRAM + DIMMs</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>21271 Core Logic chip-set (``Tsunami'')</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 on-board 21143 Ethernet controller</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Cypress 82C693 USB controller</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Cypress 82C693 PCI-ISA bridge</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Cypress 82C693 controller</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>expansion: 2 independent PCI buses, driven by + high-speed I/O channels called ``hoses'':</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>hose 0: (the upper 3 slots) 2 64-bit PCI + slots 1 32-bit PCI slot</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>hose 1: (the bottom 2 slots) 2 32-bit PCI + slots (behind a 21154 PCI-PCI bridge)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 of the 64-bit PCI slots are for + full-length cards</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>all of the 32-bit PCI slots are for short + cards</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 of the 32-bit PCI slots is physically + shared with an ISA slot</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>all PCI slots run at 33MHz</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 Ultra-Wide SCSI port based on a Qlogic 1040 + chip</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 16550A serial port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 parallel port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 keyboard & mouse port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded 16-bit ESS ES1888 sound chip</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 USB ports</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>graphics options: ELSA Gloria Synergy or + DEC/Compaq PowerStorm 3D accelerator cards</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>Monet is housed in a mini-tower like enclosure + quite similar to the Miata box.</p> + + <p>The on-board Qlogic UW-SCSI chip supports up to 4 + internal devices. There is no external connector for + the on-board SCSI.</p> + + <p>For 500 MHz CPUs 83 MHz DIMMs will do. Compaq + specifies PC100 DIMMs for all CPU speeds. DIMMs are + installed in sets of 4, starting with the DIMM slots + marked ``0'' Memory capacity is max 4 GB. DIMMs are + installed ``physically interleaved'', note the + markings of the slots. Memory bandwidth of Monet is + twice that of Webbrick. The DIMMs live on the CPU + daughter-card. Note that the system uses ECC RAM so + you need DIMMs with 72 bits (not the generic PC-class + 64 bit DIMMs)</p> + + <p>The EIDE interface is usable / SRM bootable so + FreeBSD can be rooted on an EIDE disk. Although the + Cypress chip has potential for 2 EIDE channels Monet + uses only one of them.</p> + + <p>The USB interface is supported by FreeBSD.If you + experience problems trying to use the USB interface + please check if the SRM variable <tt class= + "VARNAME">usb_enable</tt> is set to <tt class= + "LITERAL">on</tt>. You can change this by + performing:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET USB_ENABLE ON</b></tt> +</pre> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> Don"t try to use + Symbios-chip based SCSI adapters in the PCI slots + connected to hose 1. There is a not-yet-found + FreeBSD bug that prevents this from working + correctly.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> Not all VGA cards will work + behind the PCI-PCI bridge (so in slots 4 and 5). + Only cards that implement VGA-legacy addressing + correctly will work. Workaround is to put the VGA + card ``before'' the bridge.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>The sound chip is not currently supported with + FreeBSD.</p> + + <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_ST6600 + cpu EV5 +</pre> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> Contrary to expectation there is + no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for + inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt + class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is mandatory to keep + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> + happy.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN1051">2.3.11 DS20/DS20E + (``Goldrush'')</a></h3> + + <p>Features:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21264 EV6 CPU at 500 or 670 MHz</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>dual CPU capable machine</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>L2 / Bcache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory bus: dual 256 bit wide with crossbar + switch</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>SDRAM DIMMs</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>installed in sets of 4</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>16 DIMM slots, max. 4GB</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>uses ECC</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + + <li> + <p>21271 Core Logic chip-set (``Tsunami'')</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded Adaptec ? Wide Ultra SCSI</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>expansion:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>2 independent PCI buses, driven by + high-speed I/O channels called ``hoses''</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>6 64-bit PCI slots, 3 per hose</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 ISA slot</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>DS20 needs</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET CONSOLE SERIAL</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>before it goes for a serial console. Pulling the + keyboard from the machine is not sufficient. Going back + to a graphical console needs</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>at the serial console. Confusing is the fact that + you will get SRM console output on the graphics console + with the console set to serial, but when FreeBSD boots + it honors the <tt class="LITERAL">CONSOLE</tt> variable + setting and all the boot messages as well as the login + prompt will go to the serial port.</p> + + <p>The DS20 is housed in a fat cube-like enclosure. The + enclosure also contains a StorageWorks SCSI hot-swap + shelf for a maximum of seven 3.5" SCSI devices. + The DS20E is in a sleeker case, and lacks the + StorageWorks shelf.</p> + + <p>The system has a smart power controller. This means + that parts of the system remain powered when it is + switched off (like an ATX-style PC power supply). + Before servicing the machine remove the power + cord(s).</p> + + <p>The smart power controller is called the RMC. When + enabled, typing <b class="KEYCAP">Escape</b><b class= + "KEYCAP">Escape</b>RMC on serial port 1 will bring you + to the RMC prompt. RMC allows you to powerup or + powerdown, reset the machine, monitor and set + temperature trip levels etc. RMC has its own builtin + help.</p> + + <p>The embedded Adaptec SCSI chip on the DS20 is + disabled and is therefore not usable under FreeBSD.</p> + + <p>Starting with SRM firmware version 5.9 you can boot + from Adaptec 2940-series adapters in addition to the + usual set of Qlogic and Symbios/NCR adapters. This + unfortunately does not include the embedded Adaptec + SCSI chips.</p> + + <p>If you are using banks of DIMMs of different sizes + the biggest DIMMs should be installed in the DIMM slots + marked <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> on the mainboard. The + DIMM slots should be filled ``in order'' so after bank + 0 install in bank 1 and so on.</p> + + <p>Don't try to use Symbios-chip based SCSI adapters in + the PCI slots connected to hose 1. There is a + not-yet-found FreeBSD bug that prevents this from + working correctly. DS20 ships by default with a Symbios + on hose 1 so you have to move this card before you can + install/boot FreeBSD on it.</p> + + <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_ST6600 + cpu EV5 +</pre> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no + <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for + inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class= + "LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is mandatory to keep <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> + happy.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN1120">2.3.12 AlphaPC + 264DP / UP2000</a></h3> + + <p>UP2000 is built by Alpha Processor Inc.</p> + + <p>Features:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21264 EV6 CPU at 670 MHz</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>dual CPU capable</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>L2 / Bcache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory bus: 256 bit</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory: SDRAM DIMMs installed in sets of 4, uses + ECC, 16 DIMM slots, max. 4GB</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>21272 Core Logic chip-set (``Tsunami'')</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded Adaptec AIC7890/91 Wide Ultra SCSI</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 embedded IDE based on Cypress 82C693 chips</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded USB via Cypress 82C693</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>expansion:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>2 independent PCI buses, driven by + high-speed I/O channels called ``hoses''</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>6 64-bit PCI slots, 3 per hose</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 ISA slot</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>Currently a maximum of 2GB memory is supported by + FreeBSD.</p> + + <p>The on-board Adaptec is not bootable but works with + FreeBSD 4.0 and later as a datadisk-only SCSI bus.</p> + + <p>Busmaster DMA is supported on the first IDE + interface only.</p> + + <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_ST6600 + cpu EV5 +</pre> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no + <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for + inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class= + "LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is mandatory to keep <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> + happy.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN1166">2.3.13 AlphaServer + 2000 (``DemiSable''), 2100 (``Sable''), 2100A + (``Lynx'')</a></h3> + + <p>The AlphaServer 2[01]00 machines are intended as + departmental servers. This is medium iron. They are + multi-CPU machines, up to 2 CPUs (AS2000) or 4 CPUs + (2100[A]) can be installed. Both floor-standing and + 19" rackmount boxes exist. Rackmount variations + have different numbers of I/O expansion slots, + different max number of CPUs and different maximum + memory size. Some of the boxes come with an integral + StorageWorks shelf to house hot-swap SCSI disks. There + was an upgrade program available to convert your Sable + machine into a Lynx by swapping the I/O backplane (the + C-bus backplane remains). CPU upgrades were available + as well.</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21064 EV4[5] CPU[s] at 200, 233, 275 MHz or + 21164 EV5[6] CPU[s]s at 250, 300, 375, 400 MHz</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>cache: varies in size with the CPU model; 1, 4 + or 8Mbyte per CPU</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded floppy controller driving a 2.88 Mbytes + drive</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded 10Mbit 21040 Ethernet [AS2100 only]</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 serial ports</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 parallel port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 style keyboard & mouse port</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>The CPUs spec-ed as 200 MHz are in reality running + at 190 MHz. Maximum number of CPUs is 4. All CPUs must + be of the same type/speed.</p> + + <p>If any of the processors are ever marked as failed, + they will remain marked as failed even after they have + been replaced (or reseated) until you issue the + command</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>CLEAR_ERROR ALL</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>on the SRM console and power-cycle the machine. This + may be true for other modules (IO and memory) as well, + but it has not been verified.</p> + + <p>The machines use dedicated memory boards. These + boards live on a 128 bit C-bus shared with the CPU + boards. DemiSable supports up to 1GB, Sable up to 2GB. + One of the memory bus slots can either hold a CPU or a + memory card. A 4 CPU machine can have a maximum of 2 + memory boards.</p> + + <p>Some memory board models house SIMMs. These are + called SIMM carriers. There are also memory modules + that have soldered-on memory chips instead of SIMMs. + These are called ``flat memory modules''.</p> + + <p>SIMM boards are used in sets of eight 72-pin 36 bit + FPM memory of 70ns or faster. SIMM types supported are + 1Mb x36 bit (4 Mbyte) and 4Mb x36 bit (16 Mbyte). Each + memory board can house 4 banks of SIMMs. SIMM sizes can + not be mixed on a single memory board. The first memory + module must be filled with SIMMs before starting to + fill the next memory module. Note that the spacing + between the slots is not that big, so make sure your + SIMMs fit physically (before buying them..)</p> + + <p>Both Lynx and Sable are somewhat stubborn when it + comes to serial consoles. They need</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET CONSOLE SERIAL</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>before they go for a serial console. Pulling the + keyboard from the machine is not sufficient, like it is + on many other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical + console needs</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>at the serial console. On Lynx keep the VGA card in + one of the primary PCI slots. EISA VGA cards are not + slot sensitive.</p> + + <p>The machines are equipped with a small OCP (Operator + Control Panel) LCD screen. On this screen the self-test + messages are displayed during system initialization. + You can put your own little text there by using the + SRM:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET OCP_TEXT "FreeBSD" + </b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>The SRM</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SHOW FRU</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>command produces an overview of your configuration + with module serial numbers, hardware revisions and + error log counts.</p> + + <p>Both Sable, DemiSable and Lynx have Symbios 810 + based Fast SCSI on-board. Check if it is set to Fast + SCSI speed by</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SHOW PKA0_FAST</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>When set to 1 it is negotiating for Fast speeds.</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>SET PKA0_FAST 1</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>enables Fast SCSI speeds.</p> + + <p>AS2100[A] come equipped with a StorageWorks 7 slot + SCSI cage. A second cage can be added inside the + cabinet. AS2000 has a single 7 slot SCSI cage, which + cannot be expanded with an additional one. Note that + the slot locations in these cages map differently to + SCSI IDs compared to the standard StorageWorks shelves. + Slot IDs from top to bottom are 0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3 + when using a single bus configuration.</p> + + <p>The cage can also be set to provide two independent + SCSI buses. This is used for embedded RAID controllers + like the KZPSC (Mylex DAC960). Slot ID assignments for + split bus are, from top to bottom: 0A, 0B, 1A, 1B, 2A, + 2B, 3A, 3B. Where A and B signify a SCSI bus. In a + single bus configuration the terminator module on the + back of the SCSI cage is on the TOP. The jumper module + is on the BOTTOM. For split bus operation these two + modules are reversed. The terminator can be + distinguished from the jumper by noting the chips on + the terminator. The jumper does not have any active + components on it.</p> + + <p>DemiSable has 7 EISA slots and 3 PCI slots. Sable + has 8 EISA and 3 PCI slots. Lynx, being newer, has 8 + PCI and 3 EISA slots. The Lynx PCI slots are grouped in + sets of 4. The 4 PCI slots closest to the CPU/memory + slots are the primary slots, so logically before the + PCI bridge chip. Note that contrary to expectation the + primary PCI slots are the highest numbered ones (PCI4 - + PCI7).</p> + + <p>Make sure you run the EISA Configuration Utility + (from floppy) when adding/change expansion cards in + EISA slots or after upgrading your console firmware. + This is done by inserting the ECU floppy and typing</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>RUNECU</b></tt> +</pre> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> EISA slots are currently + unsupported, but the Compaq Qvision EISA VGA + adapter is treated as an ISA device. It therefore + works OK as a console.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>A special Extended I/O module for use on the C-bus + was planned-for. If they ever saw daylight is unknown. + In any case FreeBSD has never been verified with an + ExtIO module.</p> + + <p>The machines can be equipped with redundant power + supplies. Note that the enclosure is equipped with + interlock switches that switch off power when the + enclosure is opened. The system's cooling fans are + speed controlled. When the machine has more than 2 CPUs + and more than 1 memory board dual power supplies are + mandatory.</p> + + <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_2100_A500 + cpu EV4 #dependent on CPU model installed + cpu EV5 #dependent on CPU model installed +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN1237">2.3.14 AlphaServer + 4x00 (``Rawhide'')</a></h3> + + <p>The AlphaServer 4x00 machines are intended as small + enterprise servers. Expect a 30" high pedestal + cabinet or alternatively the same system box in a + 19" rack. This is medium iron, not a typical + hobbyist system. Rawhides are multi-CPU machines, up to + 4 CPUs can be in a single machine. Basic disk storage + is housed in one or two StorageWorks shelves at the + bottom of the pedestal. The Rawhides intended for the + NT market are designated DIGITAL Server 7300 (5/400 + CPU), DIGITAL Server 7305 (5/533 CPU). A trailing R on + the part-number means a rackmount variant.</p> + + <p>Features:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21164 EV5 CPUs at 266, 300 MHz or 21164A EV56 + CPUs at 400, 466, 533, 600 and 666 Mhz</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>cache: 4 Mbytes per CPU. EV5 300 MHz was also + available cache-less. 8 Mbytes for EV5 600Mhz</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory bus: 128 bit with ECC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded floppy controller</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 serial ports</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 parallel port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 style keyboard & mouse port</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>Rawhide uses a maximum of 8 RAM modules. These + modules are used in pairs and supply 72 bits to the bus + (this includes ECC bits). Memory can be EDO RAM or + synchronous DRAM. A fully populated Rawhide has 4 pairs + of memory modules. Given the choice use SDRAM for best + performance. The highest capacity memory board must be + in memory slot 0. A mix of memory board sizes is + allowed. A mix of EDO and SDRAM is also reported as + working (assuming you don't try to mix EDO and SDRAM in + one module pair). A mix of EDO and SDRAM results in the + <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">entire</i></span> memory subsystem running + at the slower EDO timing</p> + + <p>Rawhide has an embedded Symbios 810 chip that gives + you a narrow fast-SCSI bus. Generally only the SCSI + CDROM is driven by this interface.</p> + + <p>Rawhides are available with a 8 64-bit PCI / 3 EISA + slot expansion backplanes (called ``Saddle'' modules). + There are 2 separate PCI buses, PCI0 and PCI1. PCI0 has + 1 dedicated PCI slot and (shared) 3 PCI/EISA slots. + PCI0 also has a PCI/EISA bridge that drives things like + the serial and parallel ports, keyboard/mouse etc. PCI1 + has 4 PCI slots and an Symbios 810 SCSI chip. VGA + console cards must be installed in a slot connected to + PCI0.</p> + + <p>The current FreeBSD implementation has problems in + handling PCI bridges. There is currently a limited fix + in place which allows for single level, single device + PCI bridges. The fix allows the use of the Digital + supplied Qlogic SCSI card which sits behind a 21054 PCI + bridge chip.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> EISA slots are currently + unsupported, but the Compaq Qvision EISA VGA + adapter is treated as an ISA device. It therefore + works OK as a console.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>Rawhide employs an I2C based power controller + system. If you want to be sure all power is removed + from the system remove the mains cables from the + system.</p> + + <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_KN300 + cpu EV5 +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN1268">2.3.15 AlphaServer + 1200 (``Tincup'') and AlphaStation 1200 + (``DaVinci'')</a></h3> + + <p>The AlphaServer 1200 machine is the successor to the + AlphaServer 1000A. It uses the same enclosure the 1000A + uses, but the logic is based on the AlphaServer 4000 + design. These are multi-CPU machines, up to 2 CPUs can + be in a single machine. Basic disk storage is housed in + a StorageWorks shelves The AS1200 intended for the NT + market were designated DIGITAL Server 5300 (5/400 CPU) + and DIGITAL Server 5305 (5/533 CPU).</p> + + <p>Features:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21164A EV56 CPUs at 400 or 533 Mhz</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>cache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory bus: 128 bit with ECC, DIMM memory on two + memory daughter boards</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded floppy controller</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 serial ports</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 parallel port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 style keyboard & mouse port</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>AS1200 uses 2 memory daughter cards. On each of + these cards are 8 DIMM slots. DIMMs must be installed + in pairs. The maximum memory size is 4 GBytes. Slots + must be filled in order and slot 0 must contain the + largest size DIMM if different sized DIMMs are used. + AS1200 employs fixed starting addresses for DIMMs, each + DIMM pair starts at a 512 Mbyte boundary. This means + that if DIMMs smaller than 256 Mbyte are used the + system's physical memory map will contain ``holes''. + Supported DIMM sizes are 64 Mbytes and 256 Mbytes. The + DIMMs are 72 bit SDRAM based, as the system employs + ECC.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> FreeBSD currently supports up to + 2GBytes</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>AS1200 has an embedded Symbios 810 drive Fast SCSI + bus.</p> + + <p>Tincup has 5 64-bit PCI slots, one 1 32-bit PCI slot + and one EISA slot (which is physically shared with one + of the 64-bit PCI slots). There are 2 separate PCI + buses, PCI0 and PCI1. PCI0 has the 32-bit PCI slot and + the 2 top-most 64-bit PCI slots. PCI0 also has an Intel + 82375EB PCI/EISA bridge that drives things like the + serial and parallel ports, keyboard/mouse etc. PCI1 has + 4 64-bit PCI slots and an Symbios 810 SCSI chip. VGA + console cards must be installed in a slot connected to + PCI0.</p> + + <p>The system employs an I2C based power controller + system. If you want to be sure all power is removed + from the system remove the mains cables from the + system. Tincup uses dual power supplies in load-sharing + mode and not as a redundancy pair.</p> + + <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_KN300 + cpu EV5 +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN1298">2.3.16 AlphaServer + 8200 and 8400 (``TurboLaser'')</a></h3> + + <p>The AlphaServer 8200 and 8400 machines are + enterprise servers. Expect a tall 19" cabinet + (8200) or fat (8400) 19" rack. This is big iron, + not a hobbyist system. TurboLasers are multi-CPU + machines, up to 12 CPUs can be in a single machine. The + TurboLaser System Bus (TLSB) allows 9 nodes on the + AS8400 and 5 nodes on the AS8200. TLSB is 256 bit data, + 40 bit address allowing 2.1 GBytes/sec. Nodes on the + TLSB can be CPUs, memory or I/O. A maximum of 3 I/O + ports are supported on a TLSB.</p> + + <p>Basic disk storage is housed in a StorageWorks + shelf. AS8400 uses 3 phase power, AS8200 uses single + phase power.</p> + + <p>Features:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21164 EV5/EV56 CPUs at up to 467 MHz or 21264 + EV67 CPUs at up to 625 MHz</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>one or two CPUs per CPU module</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>cache: 4Mbytes B-cache per CPU</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory bus: 256 bit with ECC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory: big memory modules that plug into the + TLSB, which in turn hold special SIMM modules. + Memory modules come in varying sizes, up to 4 + GBytes a piece. Uses ECC (8 bits per 64 bits of + data) 7 memory modules max for AS8400, 3 modules + max for AS8200. Maximum memory is 28 GBytes.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>expansion: 3 system ``I/O ports'' that allow up + to 12 I/O channels each I/O channel can connect to + XMI, Futurebus+ or PCI boxes</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>FreeBSD supports (and has been tested with) up to 2 + GBytes of memory on TurboLaser. There is a trade-off to + be made between TLSB slots occupied by memory modules + and TLSB slots occupied by CPU modules. For example you + can have 28GBytes of memory but only 2 CPUs (1 module) + at the same time.</p> + + <p>Only PCI expansion is supported on FreeBSD. XMI or + Futurebus+ (which are AS8400 only) are both + unsupported.</p> + + <p>The I/O port modules are designated KFTIA or KFTHA. + The I/O port modules supply so called ``hoses'' that + connect to up to 4 (KFTHA) PCI buses or 1 PCI bus + (KFTIA). KFTIA has embedded dual 10baseT Ethernet, + single FDDI, 3 SCSI Fast Wide Differential SCSI buses + and a single Fast Wide Single Ended SCSI bus. The FWSE + SCSI is intended for the CDROM.</p> + + <p>KFTHA can drive via each of its 4 hoses a DWLPA or + DWLPB box. The DWLPx house a 12 slots 32 bit PCI + backplane. Physically the 12 slots are 3 4-slot buses + but to the software it appears as a single 12 slots PCI + bus. A fully expanded AS8x00 can have 3 (I/O ports) + times 4 (hoses) times 12 (PCI slots/DWLPx) = 144 PCI + slots. The maximum bandwidth per KFTHA is 500 + Mbytes/second. DWLPA can also house 8 EISA cards, 2 + slots are PCI-only, 2 slots are EISA only. Of the 12 + slots 2 are always occupied by an I/O and connector + module. DWLPB are the prefered I/O boxes.</p> + + <p>For best performance distribute high bandwidth + (FibreChannel, Gigabit Ethernet) over multiple hoses + and/or multiple KFTHA/KFTIA.</p> + + <p>Currently PCI expansion cards containing PCI bridges + are not usable with FreeBSD. Don't use them at this + time.</p> + + <p>The single ended narrow SCSI bus on the KFTIA will + turn up as the <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">fourth</i></span> SCSI bus. The 3 fast-wide + differential SCSI buses of the KFTIA precede it.</p> + + <p>AS8x00 are generally run with serial consoles. Some + newer machines might have a graphical console of some + sorts but FreeBSD has only been tested on a serial + console.</p> + + <p>For serial console usage either change <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/ttys</tt> to have:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + console "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown on secure +</pre> + + <p>as the console entry, or add</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + zs0 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown on secure +</pre> + + <p>For the AlphaServer 8x00 machines the kernel config + file must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_KN8AE # Alpha 8200/8400 (Turbolaser) + cpu EV5 +</pre> + + <p>Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class= + "LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for inclusion in the + kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu + EV5</tt> is mandatory to keep <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> happy.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN1341">2.3.17 Alpha + Processor Inc. UP1000</a></h3> + + <p>The UP1000 is an ATX mainboard based on the 21264a + CPU which itself lives in a Slot B module. It is + normally housed in an ATX tower enclosure.</p> + + <p>Features:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21264a Alpha CPU at 600 or 700 MHz in a Slot B + module (includes cooling fans)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory bus: 128 bits to the L2 cache, 64 bits + from Slot B to the AMD-751</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 2MB (600Mhz) or 4MB + (700Mhz)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AMD AMD-751 (``Irongate'') system controller + chip</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Acer Labs M1543C PCI-ISA bridge controller / + super-IO chip</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 mouse & keyboard port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory: 168-pin PC100 unbuffered SDRAM DIMMS, 3 + DIMM slots DIMM sizes supported are 64, 128 or 256 + Mb in size</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 16550A serial port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>floppy interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 embedded Ultra DMA33 IDE interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 USB ports</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>expansion:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>4 32 bit PCI slots</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 ISA slots</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 AGP slot</p> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>Slot B is a box-like enclosure that houses a + daughter-board for the CPU and cache. It has 2 small + fans for cooling. Loud fans..</p> + + <p>The machine needs ECC capable DIMMs, so 72 bit ones. + This does not appear to be documented in the UP1000 + docs. The system accesses the serial EEPROM on the + DIMMs via the SM bus. Note that if only a single DIMM + is used it must be installed in slot <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">2</i></span>. This is a + bit counter-intuitive.</p> + + <p>The UP1000 needs a 400Watt ATX power supply + according to the manufacturer. This might be a bit + overly conservative/pessimistic judging from the power + consumption of the board & cpu. But as always you + will have to take your expansion cards and peripherals + into account. The M1543C chip contains power management + functionality & temperature monitoring (via I2C / + SM bus).</p> + + <p>Chances are that your UP1000 comes by default with + AlphaBios only. The SRM console firmware is available + from the Alpha Processor Inc. web site. It is currently + available in a beta version which was successfully used + during the port of FreeBSD to the UP1000.</p> + + <p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by + the SRM console.</p> + + <p>UP1000 SRM can boot off an Adaptec 294x adapter. + Under high I/O load conditions machine lockups have + been observed using the Adaptec 294x. A Symbios 875 + based card works just fine, using the sym driver. Most + likely other cards based on the Symbios chips that the + sym driver supports will work as well.</p> + + <p>The USB interfaces are disabled by the SRM console + and have not (yet) been tested with FreeBSD.</p> + + <p>For the UP1000 the kernel config file must + contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options API_UP1000 # UP1000, UP1100 (Nautilus) + cpu EV5 +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN1390">2.3.18 Alpha + Processor Inc. UP1100</a></h3> + + <p>The UP1100 is an ATX mainboard based on the 21264a + CPU running at 600 MHz. It is normally housed in an ATX + tower enclosure.</p> + + <p>Features:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21264a Alpha EV6 CPU at 600 or 700 MHz</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory bus: 100MHz 64-bit (PC-100 SDRAM), 800 + MB/s memory bandwidth</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 2Mb</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AMD AMD-751 (``Irongate'') system controller + chip</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Acer Labs M1535D PCI-ISA bridge controller / + super-IO chip</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 mouse & keyboard port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory: 168-pin PC100 unbuffered SDRAM DIMMS, 3 + DIMM slots DIMM sizes supported are 64, 128 or 256 + Mb in size</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 16550A serial port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>floppy interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 embedded Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 USB port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>expansion: 3 32 bit PCI slots and 1 AGP2x + slot</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>SRM console code comes standard with the UP1100. The + SRM lives in 2Mbytes of flash ROM.</p> + + <p>The machine needs ECC capable DIMMs, so 72 bit ones. + This does not appear to be documented in the UP1100 + docs. The system accesses the serial EEPROM on the + DIMMs via the SM bus. Note that if only a single DIMM + is used it must be installed in slot <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">2</i></span>. This is a + bit counter-intuitive.</p> + + <p>The UP1100 needs a 400Watt ATX power supply + according to the manufacturer. This might be a bit + overly conservative/pessimistic judging from the power + consumption of the board & cpu. But as always you + will have to take your expansion cards and peripherals + into account. The M1535D chip contains power management + functionality & temperature monitoring (via I2C / + SM bus using a LM75 thermal sensor).</p> + + <p>The UP1100 has an on-board 21143 10/100Mbit Ethernet + interface.</p> + + <p>The UP1100 is equipped with a SoundBlaster + compatible audio interface. Whether it works with + FreeBSD is as of yet unknown.</p> + + <p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by + the SRM console.</p> + + <p>The UP1100 has 3 USB ports, 2 going external and one + connected to the AGP port.</p> + + <p>For the UP1100 the kernel config file must + contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options API_UP1000 # UP1000, UP1100 (Nautilus) + cpu EV5 +</pre> + + <p>Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class= + "LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for inclusion in the + kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu + EV5</tt> is mandatory to keep <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> happy.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN1438">2.3.19 Alpha + Processor Inc. CS20</a></h3> + + <p>The CS20 is a 19", 1U high rackmount server + based on the 21264[ab] CPU. It can have a maximum of 2 + CPUs.</p> + + <p>Features:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>21264a Alpha CPU at 667 MHz or 21264b 833 MHz + (max. 2 CPUs)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory bus: 100MHz 256-bit wide</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>21271 Core Logic chipset (``Tsunami'')</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Acer Labs M1533 PCI-ISA bridge controller / + super-IO chip</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 mouse & keyboard port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>memory: 168-pin PC100 PLL buffered/registered + SDRAM DIMMS, 8 DIMM slots, uses ECC memory, min 256 + Mbytes / max 2 GBytes of memory</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 16550A serial port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ALI M1543C Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded dual Intel 82559 10/100Mbit + Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>embedded Symbios 53C1000 Ultra160 SCSI + controller</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>expansion: 2 64 bit PCI slots (2/3 length)</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>SRM console code comes standard with the CS20. The + SRM lives in 2Mbytes of flash ROM.</p> + + <p>The CS20 needs ECC capable DIMMs. Note that it uses + <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">buffered</i></span> DIMMs.</p> + + <p>The CS20 has an I2C based internal monitoring system + for things like temperature, fans, voltages etc. The + I2C also supports ``wake on LAN''.</p> + + <p>Each PCI slot is connected to its own independent + PCI bus on the Tsunami.</p> + + <p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by + the SRM console.</p> + + <p>The CS20 has an embedded slim-line IDE CD drive. + There is a front-accessible bay for a 1" high + 3.5" SCSI hard-disk drive with SCA connector.</p> + + <p>Note that there is no floppy disk drive (or a + connector to add one).</p> + + <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEC_ST6600 + cpu EV5 +</pre> + + <p>Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class= + "LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for inclusion in the + kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu + EV5</tt> is mandatory to keep <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> happy.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN1485">2.4 Supported + Hardware Overview</a></h2> + + <p>A word of caution: the installed base for FreeBSD is + not nearly as large as for FreeBSD/Intel. This means that + the enormous variation of PCI/ISA expansion cards out + there has much less chance of having been tested on alpha + than on Intel. This is not to imply they are doomed to + fail, just that the chance of running into something + never tested before is much higher. <tt class= + "FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> contains things that are known to + work on Alpha only.</p> + + <p>The PCI and ISA expansion busses are fully supported. + Turbo Channel is not in <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> + and has limited support (see the relevant machine model + info). The MCA bus is not supported. The EISA bus is not + supported for use with EISA expansion cards as the EISA + support code is lacking. ISA cards in EISA slots are + reported to work. The Compaq Qvision EISA VGA card is + driven in ISA mode and works OK as a console.</p> + + <p>1.44 Mbyte and 1.2 Mbyte floppy drives are supported. + 2.88 Mbyte drives sometimes found in Alpha machines are + supported up to 1.44Mbyte.</p> + + <p>ATA and ATAPI (IDE) devices are supported via the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver + framework. As most people run their Alphas with SCSI + disks it is not as well tested as SCSI. Be aware of + boot-ability restrictions for IDE disks. See the machine + specific information.</p> + + <p>There is full SCSI support via the CAM layer for + Adaptec 2940x (AIC7xxx chip-based), Qlogic family and + Symbios. Be aware of the machine-specific boot-ability + issues for the various adapter types.</p> + + <p>The Qlogic QL2x00 FibreChannel host adapters are fully + supported.</p> + + <p>If you want to boot your Alpha over the Ethernet you + will obviously need an Ethernet card that the SRM console + recognizes. This generally means you need a board with an + 21x4x Ethernet chip as that is what Digital used. These + chips are driven by the FreeBSD <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> (older driver) or + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> (newer driver). + Some new SRM versions are known to recognize the Intel + 8255x Ethernet chips as driven by the FreeBSD <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver. But + beware: the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver is + reported not to work correctly with FreeBSD (although it + works excellently on FreeBSD/x86).</p> + + <p>DEC DEFPA PCI FDDI network adapters are supported on + alpha.</p> + + <p>In general the SRM console emulates a + VGA-compatibility mode on PCI VGA cards. This is, + however, not guaranteed to work by Compaq/DEC for each + and every card type out there. When the SRM thinks the + VGA is acceptable FreeBSD will be able to use it. The + console driver works just like on a FreeBSD/intel + machine. Please note that VESA modes are not supported on + Alpha, so that leaves you with 80x25 consoles.</p> + + <p>In some Alpha machines you will find video adapters + based on TGA chips. The plain TGA adapter does not + emulate VGA and is therefore not usable for a FreeBSD + console. TGA2 cards have a basic VGA compatibility mode + and work fine as FreeBSD consoles.</p> + + <p>The ``PC standard'' serial ports found on most Alphas + are supported. For TurboChannel machines the serial ports + are also supported.</p> + + <p>ISDN (i4b) is not supported on FreeBSD/alpha.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN1517">2.5 + Acknowledgments</a></h2> + + <p>In compiling this file I used multiple information + sources, but <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/" target= + "_top">the NetBSD Web site</a> proved to be an invaluable + source of information. If it wasn't for NetBSD/alpha + there probably would not be a FreeBSD/alpha in the first + place.</p> + + <p>People who kindly helped me create this section:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Andrew Gallatin <tt class="EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:gallatin@FreeBSD.org">gallatin@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt></p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Chuck Robey <tt class="EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:chuckr@FreeBSD.org">chuckr@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt></p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Matthew Jacob <tt class="EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:mjacob@FreeBSD.org">mjacob@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt></p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Michael Smith <tt class="EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:msmith@FreeBSD.org">msmith@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt></p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>David O'Brien <tt class="EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:obrien@FreeBSD.org">obrien@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt></p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Christian Weisgerber</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Kazutaka YOKOTA</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Nick Maniscalco</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Eric Schnoebelen</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Peter van Dijk</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Peter Jeremy</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dolf de Waal</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Wim Lemmers, ex-Compaq</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Wouter Brackman, Compaq</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Lodewijk van den Berg, Compaq</p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN1558">3 Supported + Devices</a></h1> + $FreeBSD: + src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v + 1.76 2002/03/08 17:12:40 bmah Exp $ + + <p>This section describes the devices currently known to be + supported by with FreeBSD on the Alpha/AXP platform. Other + configurations may also work, but simply have not been + tested yet. Feedback, updates, and corrections to this list + are encouraged.</p> + + <p>Where possible, the drivers applicable to each device or + class of devices is listed. If the driver in question has a + manual page in the FreeBSD base distribution (most should), + it is referenced here.</p> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN1564">3.1 Disk + Controllers</a></h2> + + <p>IDE/ATA controllers (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Acerlabs Aladdin</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AMD 756, 766</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>CMD 646, 648 ATA66, and 649 ATA100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Cypress 82C693</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Cyrex 5530</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>HighPoint HPT366 ATA66, HPT370 ATA100, HPT372 + ATA133</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel ICH ATA66, ICH2 ATA100, ICH3 ATA100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Promise ATA100 OEM chip (pdc20265)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Promise Fasttrak-33, -66, -100, -100 TX2/TX4</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Promise Ultra-33, -66, -100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ServerWorks ROSB4 ATA33</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SiS 530, 540, 620</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SiS 630, 633, 635, 730, 733, 735</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SiS 5591</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>VIA 82C586 ATA33, 82C596 ATA66, 82C686a ATA66, + 82C686b ATA100</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Adaptec SCSI Controllers</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Adaptec + 19160/291x/2920/2930/2940/2950/29160/3940/3950/3960/39160/398x/494x + series PCI SCSI controllers, including + Narrow/Wide/Twin/Ultra/Ultra2 variants (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Adaptec AIC7770, AIC7850, AIC7860, AIC7870, + AIC7880, and AIC789x on-board SCSI controllers (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>AMI MegaRAID Express and Enterprise family RAID + controllers (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Series 418</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell PERC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>HP NetRaid-1si</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>HP NetRaid-3si</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>HP Embedded NetRaid</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p>Booting from these controllers is not supported + due to SRM limitations.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Mylex DAC960 and DAC1100 RAID controllers with 2.x, + 3.x, 4.x and 5.x firmware (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>DAC960P</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DAC960PD</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DAC960PDU</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DAC960PL</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DAC960PJ</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DAC960PG</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AcceleRAID 150</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AcceleRAID 250</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>eXtremeRAID 1100</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p>Booting from these controllers is not supported + due to SRM limitations. This list includes + controllers sold by Digital/Compaq in Alpha systems + in the StorageWorks family, e.g. KZPSC or KZPAC.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br> + <br> + + <p>LSI/SymBios (formerly NCR) 53C810, 53C810a, 53C815, + 53C825, 53C825a, 53C860, 53C875, 53C875a, 53C876, 53C885, + 53C895, 53C895a, 53C896, 53C1010-33, 53C1010-66, 53C1000, + 53C1000R PCI SCSI controllers, either embedded on + motherboard or on add-on boards (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> drivers)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NCR cards (all)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Symbios cards (all)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, + and 390U3W</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Tyan S1365</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Qlogic controllers and variants (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Qlogic 1020, 1040 SCSI and Ultra SCSI host + adapters</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Qlogic 1240 dual Ultra SCSI controllers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Qlogic 1080 Ultra2 LVD and 1280 Dual Ultra2 LVD + controllers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Qlogic 12160 Ultra3 LVD controllers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Qlogic 2100 and Qlogic 2200 Fibre Channel SCSI + controllers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Qlogic 2300 and Qlogic 2312 2-Gigabit Fibre + Channel SCSI controllers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Performance Technology SBS440 ISP1000 variants</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Performance Technology SBS450 ISP1040 variants</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Performance Technology SBS470 ISP2100 variants</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Antares Microsystems P-0033 ISP2100 variants</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>With all supported SCSI controllers, full support is + provided for SCSI-I, SCSI-II, and SCSI-III peripherals, + including hard disks, optical disks, tape drives + (including DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, and DLT), medium + changers, processor target devices and CD-ROM drives. + WORM devices that support CD-ROM commands are supported + for read-only access by the CD-ROM drivers (such as <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). WORM/CD-R/CD-RW + writing support is provided by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, which is a + part of the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> port in + the Ports Collection.</p> + + <p>The following CD-ROM type systems are supported at + this time:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>SCSI interface (also includes ProAudio Spectrum + and SoundBlaster SCSI) (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ATAPI IDE interface (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="ETHERNET">3.2 Ethernet + Interfaces</a></h2> + + <p>Adaptec Duralink PCI Fast Ethernet adapters based on + the Adaptec AIC-6915 Fast Ethernet controller chip (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX + adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX + adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX + adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX + adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>AMD PCnet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> drivers)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>AMD PCnet/PCI (79c970 & 53c974 or 79c974)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AMD PCnet/FAST</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Isolink 4110 (8 bit)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PCnet/FAST+</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PCnet/FAST III</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PCnet/PRO</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PCnet/Home</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>HomePNA</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>National Semiconductor DS8390-based Ethernet NICs, + including Novell NE2000 and clones (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>3C503 Etherlink II (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NetVin 5000</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Novell NE1000, NE2000, and NE2100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>RealTek 8029</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SMC Elite 16 WD8013 Ethernet interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SMC Elite Ultra</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SMC WD8003E, WD8003EBT, WD8003W, WD8013W, WD8003S, + WD8003SBT and WD8013EBT and clones</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Surecom NE-34</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>VIA VT86C926</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Winbond W89C940</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>RealTek 8129/8139 Fast Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek + 8139 clone)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>D-Link DFE-538TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Genius GF100TXR (RTL8139)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Lite-On 82c168/82c169 PNIC Fast Ethernet NICs (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Kingston KNE110TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>LinkSys EtherFast LNE100TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A and 98725 Fast + Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>CNet Pro120A (98713 or 98713A)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>CNet Pro120B (98715)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NDC Communications SFA100A (98713A)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SVEC PN102TX (98713)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Macronix/Lite-On PNIC II LC82C115 Fast Ethernet NICs + (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>LinkSys EtherFast LNE100TX Version 2</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Winbond W89C840F Fast Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>VIA Technologies VT3043 ``Rhine I'' and VT86C100A + ``Rhine II'' Fast Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>D-Link DFE-530TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 and SiS 7016 PCI + Fast Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>SiS 630, 635 and 735 motherboard chipsets</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>National Semiconductor DP83815 Fast Ethernet NICs (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>NetGear FA311-TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NetGear FA312-TX</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Sundance Technologies ST201 PCI Fast Ethernet NICs (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>SysKonnect SK-984x PCI Gigabit Ethernet cards (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> drivers)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>SK-9821 1000baseT copper, single port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SK-9822 1000baseT copper, dual port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SK-9841 1000baseLX single mode fiber, single + port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SK-9842 1000baseLX single mode fiber, dual + port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SK-9843 1000baseSX multimode fiber, single + port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SK-9844 1000baseSX multimode fiber, dual port</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Texas Instruments ThunderLAN PCI NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Compaq Netelligent 10, 10/100, 10/100 + Dual-Port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP, 10 T + PCI UTP/Coax, 10/100 TX UTP</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Compaq NetFlex 3P, 3P Integrated, 3P w/BNC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Olicom OC-2135/2138, OC-2325, OC-2326 10/100 TX + UTP</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX + multi-personality</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>ADMtek Inc. AL981-based PCI Fast Ethernet NICs (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>ADMtek Inc. AN985-based PCI Fast Ethernet NICs (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>LinkSys EtherFast LNE100TX v4.0/4.1</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A PCI NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Alfa Inc. GFC2204</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>CNet Pro110B</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>DEC DC21040, DC21041, DC21140, DC21141, DC21142, and + DC21143 based NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Asante</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DEC DE425, DE435, DE450, and DE500</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SMC Etherpower 8432T, 9332, and 9334</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ZYNX ZX 3xx</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>DEC/Intel 21143 based Fast Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>DEC DE500</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Compaq Presario 7900 series built-in Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>D-Link DFE-570TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Kingston KNE100TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive + built-in Ethernet</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Davicom DM9100 and DM9102 PCI Fast Ethernet NICs (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Jaton Corporation XpressNet</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Intel 82557- or 82559-based Fast Ethernet NICs (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/100B PCI Fast Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel InBusiness 10/100 PCI Network Adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>3Com Etherlink XL-based NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>3C900/905/905B/905C PCI</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3C556/556B MiniPCI</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3C450-TX HomeConnect adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3c980/3c980B Fast Etherlink XL server adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3C575TX/575B/XFE575BT/575C/656/656B/656C + (Cardbus)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell Optiplex GX1 on-board 3C918</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell On-board 3C920</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell Precision on-board 3C905B</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell Latitude laptop docking station embedded + 3C905-TX</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Ethernet and Fast Ethernet NICs based on the 3Com 3XP + Typhoon/Sidewinder (3CR990) chipset (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3Com 3CR990B-SRV</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3Com 3CR990B-TXM</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Gigabit Ethernet NICs based on the Intel 82542 and + 82543 controller chips (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> drivers)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Ethernet</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver is + officially supported by Intel, but is only supported + on the i386.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br> + <br> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN2777">3.3 FDDI + Interfaces</a></h2> + + <p>DEC DEFPA PCI (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN2787">3.4 ATM + Interfaces</a></h2> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN2829">3.5 Wireless Network + Interfaces</a></h2> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN2906">3.6 Miscellaneous + Networks</a></h2> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN2916">3.7 ISDN + Interfaces</a></h2> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN2980">3.8 Multi-port Serial + Interfaces</a></h2> + + <p>AST 4 port serial card using shared IRQ</p> + + <p>Comtrol Rocketport card (rp driver)</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN3075">3.9 Audio + Devices</a></h2> + + <p>ESS</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>ES1868, ES1869, ES1879 and ES1888 (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Maestro-1, Maestro-2, and Maestro-2E</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Maestro-3/Allegro</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> The Maestro-3/Allegro cannot be + compiled into the FreeBSD kernel due to licensing + restrictions. To use this driver, add the + following line to <tt class= + "FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt>:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>snd_maestro3_load="YES"</b></tt> +</pre> + </blockquote> + </div> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>MSS/WSS Compatible DSPs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>Creative Technologies SoundBlaster series (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>SoundBlaster</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SoundBlaster Pro</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SoundBlaster AWE-32</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SoundBlaster AWE-64</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SoundBlaster AWE-64 GOLD</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SoundBlaster ViBRA-16</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN3177">3.10 Camera and Video + Capture Devices</a></h2> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="USB">3.11 USB Devices</a></h2> + + <p>A range of USB peripherals are supported; devices + known to work are listed in this section. Owing to the + generic nature of most USB devices, with some exceptions + any device of a given class will be supported, even if + not explicitly listed here.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> USB Ethernet adapters can be found in + the section listing <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet + interfaces</a>.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>Host Controllers (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a> drivers)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>ALi Aladdin-V</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AMD-756</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>CMD Tech 670 & 673</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel 82371AB and EB (PIIX4)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel 82801AA (ICH)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel 82801AB (ICH0)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel 82801BA/BAM (ICH2)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel 82443MX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NEC uPD 9210</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SiS 5571</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>VIA 83C572 USB</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>UHCI or OHCI compliant motherboard chipsets (no + exceptions known)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Hubs</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Andromeda hub</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MacAlly self powered hub (4 ports)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NEC hub</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Keyboards (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Apple iMac keyboard</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BTC BTC7935 keyboard with PS/2 mouse port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Cherry G81-3504 keyboard</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Logitech M2452 keyboard</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MacAlly iKey keyboard</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Microsoft keyboard</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Mice (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Agiler Mouse 29UO</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Apple iMac Mouse</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Belkin Mouse</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Chic mouse</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Cypress mouse</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Genius Niche mouse</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Kensington Mouse-in-a-Box</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Logitech wheel mouse (3 buttons)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Logitech PS/2 / USB mouse (3 buttons)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MacAlly mouse (3 buttons)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Microsoft IntelliMouse (3 buttons)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Trust Ami Mouse (3 buttons)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Printers and parallel printer conversion cables (ulpt + driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>ATen parallel printer adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Belkin F5U002 parallel printer adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Entrega USB-to-parallel printer adapter</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Storage (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 floppy drive</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Microtech USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI cable</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Panasonic floppy drive</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Y-E Data floppy drive (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN3356">3.12 + Miscellaneous</a></h2> + + <p>Floppy drives (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fd</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>Keyboards including:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>AT-style keyboards</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 keyboards</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>USB keyboards (specific instances are listed in + the section describing <a href="#USB">USB + devices</a>)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Mice including:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>PS/2 mice (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Serial mice</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>USB mice (specific instances are listed in the + section describing <a href="#USB">USB + devices</a>)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>``PC standard''parallel ports (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, and 16550-based serial + ports (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <hr> + + <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related + documents, can be downloaded from <a href= + "ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> + before contacting <<a href= + "mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 5-CURRENT + should subscribe to the <<a href= + "mailto:current@FreeBSD.org">current@FreeBSD.org</a>> + mailing list.</small></small></p> + + <p align="center">For questions about this documentation, + e-mail <<a href= + "mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</p> + <br> + <br> + </body> +</html> + diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/hardware-i386.html b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/hardware-i386.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f45203a763 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/hardware-i386.html @@ -0,0 +1,3922 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> + <head> + <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"> + <title>FreeBSD/i386 5.0-DP1 Hardware Notes</title> + <meta name="GENERATOR" content= + "Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 "> + <link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css"> + </head> + + <body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link= + "#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> + <div class="ARTICLE"> + <div class="TITLEPAGE"> + <h1 class="TITLE"><a name="AEN2">FreeBSD/i386 5.0-DP1 + Hardware Notes</a></h1> + + <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Documentation + Project</h3> + + <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 by + The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p> + <hr> + </div> + + <div class="TOC"> + <dl> + <dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt> + + <dt>1 <a href="#AEN10">Introduction</a></dt> + + <dt>2 <a href="#AEN15">Supported Processors and + Motherboards</a></dt> + + <dt>3 <a href="#AEN26">Supported Devices</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>3.1 <a href="#AEN32">Disk Controllers</a></dt> + + <dt>3.2 <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet + Interfaces</a></dt> + + <dt>3.3 <a href="#AEN1245">FDDI Interfaces</a></dt> + + <dt>3.4 <a href="#AEN1255">ATM Interfaces</a></dt> + + <dt>3.5 <a href="#AEN1297">Wireless Network + Interfaces</a></dt> + + <dt>3.6 <a href="#AEN1374">Miscellaneous + Networks</a></dt> + + <dt>3.7 <a href="#AEN1384">ISDN Interfaces</a></dt> + + <dt>3.8 <a href="#AEN1448">Multi-port Serial + Interfaces</a></dt> + + <dt>3.9 <a href="#AEN1543">Audio Devices</a></dt> + + <dt>3.10 <a href="#AEN1645">Camera and Video Capture + Devices</a></dt> + + <dt>3.11 <a href="#USB">USB Devices</a></dt> + + <dt>3.12 <a href="#AEN1824">Miscellaneous</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + </dl> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN10">1 Introduction</a></h1> + + <p>This document contains the hardware compatibility notes + for FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 on the IA-32 hardware platform (also + referred to as FreeBSD/i386 5.0-DP1). It lists devices + known to work on this platform, as well as some notes on + boot-time kernel customization that may be useful when + attempting to configure support for new devices.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> This document includes information + specific to the IA-32 hardware platform. Versions of + the hardware compatibility notes for other + architectures will differ in some details.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN15">2 Supported Processors + and Motherboards</a></h1> + + <p>FreeBSD/i386 runs on a wide variety of ``IBM PC + compatible'' machines. Due to the wide range of hardware + available for this architecture, it is impossible to + exhaustively list all combinations of equipment supported + by FreeBSD. Nevertheless, some general guidelines are + presented here.</p> + + <p>Almost all i386-compatible processors are supported. All + Intel processors beginning with the 80386 are supported, + including the 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium + II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, and variants thereof, such as + the Xeon and Celeron processors. (While technically + supported, the use of the 80386SX is specifically not + recommended.) All i386-compatible AMD processors are also + supported, including the Am486, Am5x86, K5, K6, Athlon, and + Duron processors. The Transmeta Crusoe is recognized and + supported, as are i386-compatible processors from Cyrix and + NexGen.</p> + + <p>There is a wide variety of motherboards available for + this architecture. Motherboards using the ISA, VLB, EISA, + AGP, and PCI expansion busses are well-supported. There is + some limited support for the MCA (``MicroChannel'') + expansion bus used in the IBM PS/2 line of PCs.</p> + + <p>Symmetric multi-processor (SMP) systems are generally + supported by FreeBSD, although in some cases, BIOS or + motherboard bugs may generate some problems. Perusal of the + archives of the FreeBSD symmetric multiprocessing mailing + list <tt class="EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:freebsd-smp@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-smp@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt> + may yield some clues.</p> + + <p>FreeBSD will generally run on i386-based laptops, albeit + with varying levels of support for certain hardware + features such as sound, graphics, power management, and + PCCARD expansion slots. These features tend to vary in + idiosyncratic ways between machines, and frequently require + special-case support in FreeBSD to work around hardware + bugs or other oddities. When in doubt, a search of the + archives of the FreeBSD laptop computer mailing list <tt + class="EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:freebsd-mobile@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-mobile@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt> + may be useful.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN26">3 Supported + Devices</a></h1> + $FreeBSD: + src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v + 1.76 2002/03/08 17:12:40 bmah Exp $ + + <p>This section describes the devices currently known to be + supported by with FreeBSD on the IA-32 platform. Other + configurations may also work, but simply have not been + tested yet. Feedback, updates, and corrections to this list + are encouraged.</p> + + <p>Where possible, the drivers applicable to each device or + class of devices is listed. If the driver in question has a + manual page in the FreeBSD base distribution (most should), + it is referenced here.</p> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN32">3.1 Disk + Controllers</a></h2> + + <p>IDE/ATA controllers (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Acerlabs Aladdin</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AMD 756, 766</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>CMD 646, 648 ATA66, and 649 ATA100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Cypress 82C693</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Cyrex 5530</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>HighPoint HPT366 ATA66, HPT370 ATA100, HPT372 + ATA133</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel ICH ATA66, ICH2 ATA100, ICH3 ATA100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Promise ATA100 OEM chip (pdc20265)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Promise Fasttrak-33, -66, -100, -100 TX2/TX4</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Promise Ultra-33, -66, -100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ServerWorks ROSB4 ATA33</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SiS 530, 540, 620</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SiS 630, 633, 635, 730, 733, 735</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SiS 5591</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>VIA 82C586 ATA33, 82C596 ATA66, 82C686a ATA66, + 82C686b ATA100</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Adaptec SCSI Controllers</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Adaptec 1535 ISA SCSI controllers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Adaptec 154x series ISA SCSI controllers (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aha&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">aha</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Adaptec 164x series MCA SCSI controllers (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aha&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">aha</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Adaptec 174x series EISA SCSI controller in + standard and enhanced mode (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aha&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">aha</span>(4)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ahb</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Adaptec 274x series EISA SCSI controllers, + including narrow and wide variants (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Adaptec 284x series VLB SCSI controllers, + including narrow and wide variants (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Adaptec + 19160/291x/2920/2930/2940/2950/29160/3940/3950/3960/39160/398x/494x + series PCI SCSI controllers, including + Narrow/Wide/Twin/Ultra/Ultra2 variants (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Adaptec AIC7770, AIC7850, AIC7860, AIC7870, + AIC7880, and AIC789x on-board SCSI controllers (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Adaptec 1510 series ISA SCSI controllers (not for + bootable devices)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Adaptec 152x series ISA SCSI controllers (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aha&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">aha</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Adaptec AIC-6260 and AIC-6360 based boards, which + includes the AHA-152x and SoundBlaster SCSI cards (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">aic</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Adaptec 2100S/32x0S/34x0S SCSI RAID controllers (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=asr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">asr</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>Adaptec 2000S/2005S Zero-Channel RAID controllers (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=asr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">asr</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>Adaptec 2400A ATA-100 RAID controller (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=asr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">asr</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>Adaptec FSA family RAID controllers (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Adaptec AAC-2622</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Adaptec AAC-364</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 5400S</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell PERC 2/QC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell PERC 2/Si</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell PERC 3/Di</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell PERC 3/Si</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>HP NetRAID-4M</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>AdvanSys SCSI controllers (all models, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">adv</span>(4)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">adw</span>(4)</span></a> drivers)</p> + + <p>BusLogic MultiMaster ``W'' Series Host Adapters (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a> driver):</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>BT-948</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-958</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-958D</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>BusLogic MultiMaster ``C'' Series Host Adapters (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a> driver):</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>BT-946C</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-956C</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-956CD</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-445C</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-747C</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-757C</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-757CD</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-545C</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-540CF</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>BusLogic MultiMaster ``S'' Series Host Adapters (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a> driver):</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>BT-445S</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-747S</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-747D</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-757S</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-757D</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-545S</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-542D</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-742A</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-542B</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>BusLogic MultiMaster ``A'' Series Host Adapters (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a> driver):</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>BT-742A</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BT-542B</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> BusLogic/Mylex ``Flashpoint'' + adapters are not yet supported.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> AMI FastDisk controllers that are + true BusLogic MultiMaster clones are also + supported.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> The Buslogic/Bustek BT-640 and + Storage Dimensions SDC3211B and SDC3211F Microchannel + (MCA) bus adapters are also supported.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>DPT SmartCACHE Plus, SmartCACHE III, SmartRAID III, + SmartCACHE IV and SmartRAID IV SCSI/RAID controllers (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>DPT SmartRAID V and VI SCSI RAID controllers (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=asr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">asr</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>PM1554</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PM2554</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PM2654</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PM2865</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PM2754</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PM3755</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PM3757</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>AMI MegaRAID Express and Enterprise family RAID + controllers (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Series 418</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell PERC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>HP NetRaid-1si</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>HP NetRaid-3si</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>HP Embedded NetRaid</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> Booting from these controllers is + supported. EISA adapters are not supported.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Mylex DAC960 and DAC1100 RAID controllers with 2.x, + 3.x, 4.x and 5.x firmware (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>DAC960P</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DAC960PD</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DAC960PDU</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DAC960PL</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DAC960PJ</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DAC960PG</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AcceleRAID 150</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AcceleRAID 250</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>eXtremeRAID 1100</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> Booting from these controllers is + supported. EISA adapters are not supported.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Mylex PCI to SCSI RAID controllers with 6.x firmware + (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mly&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mly</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>AcceleRAID 160</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AcceleRAID 170</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AcceleRAID 352</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>eXtremeRAID 2000</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>eXtremeRAID 3000</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> Compatible Mylex controllers not + listed should work, but have not been verified.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br> + <br> + + <p>3ware Escalade ATA RAID controllers (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">twe</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>5000 series</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>6000 series</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>7000 series</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>LSI/SymBios (formerly NCR) 53C810, 53C810a, 53C815, + 53C825, 53C825a, 53C860, 53C875, 53C875a, 53C876, 53C885, + 53C895, 53C895a, 53C896, 53C1010-33, 53C1010-66, 53C1000, + 53C1000R PCI SCSI controllers, either embedded on + motherboard or on add-on boards (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> drivers)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NCR cards (all)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Symbios cards (all)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, + and 390U3W</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Tyan S1365</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>NCR 53C500 based PC-Card SCSI host adapters (ncv + driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>IO DATA PCSC-DV</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>KME KXLC002 (TAXAN ICD-400PN, etc.), KXLC004</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Macnica Miracle SCSI-II mPS110</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Media Intelligent MSC-110, MSC-200</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NEC PC-9801N-J03R</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>New Media Corporation BASICS SCSI</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Qlogic Fast SCSI</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>RATOC REX-9530, REX-5572 (as SCSI only)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>TMC 18C30, 18C50 based ISA/PC-Card SCSI host adapters + (stg driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Future Domain SCSI2GO</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>IBM SCSI PCMCIA Card</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ICM PSC-2401 SCSI</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Melco IFC-SC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>RATOC REX-5536, REX-5536AM, REX-5536M, + REX-9836A</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Qlogic controllers and variants (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Qlogic 1020, 1040 SCSI and Ultra SCSI host + adapters</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Qlogic 1240 dual Ultra SCSI controllers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Qlogic 1080 Ultra2 LVD and 1280 Dual Ultra2 LVD + controllers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Qlogic 12160 Ultra3 LVD controllers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Qlogic 2100 and Qlogic 2200 Fibre Channel SCSI + controllers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Qlogic 2300 and Qlogic 2312 2-Gigabit Fibre + Channel SCSI controllers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Performance Technology SBS440 ISP1000 variants</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Performance Technology SBS450 ISP1040 variants</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Performance Technology SBS470 ISP2100 variants</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Antares Microsystems P-0033 ISP2100 variants</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>DTC 3290 EISA SCSI controller in 1542 emulation + mode.</p> + + <p>Tekram DC390 and DC390T controllers, maybe other cards + based on the AMD 53c974 as well (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">amd</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>Workbit Ninja SCSI-3 based PC-Card SCSI host adapters + (nsp driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Alpha-Data AD-PCS201</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>IO DATA CBSC16</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Parallel to SCSI interfaces (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vpo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vpo</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>AIC 7110 SCSI controller (built-in to Iomega ZIP + drive)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Iomega Jaz Traveller interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Iomega MatchMaker SCSI interface (built-in to + Iomega ZIP+ drive)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>SCSI adapters utilizing the Command Interface for + SCSI-3 Support (ciss driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Compaq Smart Array 5* series (5300, 5i, 532)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Intel Integrated RAID Controllers (iir driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Intel RAID Controller SRCMR</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ICP Vortex SCSI RAID controllers (all + Wide/Ultra160, 32-bit/64-bit PCI models)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>With all supported SCSI controllers, full support is + provided for SCSI-I, SCSI-II, and SCSI-III peripherals, + including hard disks, optical disks, tape drives + (including DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, and DLT), medium + changers, processor target devices and CD-ROM drives. + WORM devices that support CD-ROM commands are supported + for read-only access by the CD-ROM drivers (such as <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). WORM/CD-R/CD-RW + writing support is provided by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, which is a + part of the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> port in + the Ports Collection.</p> + + <p>The following CD-ROM type systems are supported at + this time:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>SCSI interface (also includes ProAudio Spectrum + and SoundBlaster SCSI) (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Matsushita/Panasonic (Creative SoundBlaster) + proprietary interface (562/563 models) (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=matcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">matcd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Sony proprietary interface (all models) (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=scd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">scd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ATAPI IDE interface (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>The following drivers were supported under the old + SCSI subsystem, but are not yet supported under the new + CAM SCSI subsystem:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>NCR5380/NCR53400 (``ProAudio Spectrum'') SCSI + controller</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>UltraStor 14F, 24F and 34F SCSI controllers.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> There is work-in-progress to port + the UltraStor driver to the new CAM SCSI + framework, but no estimates on when or if it will + be completed.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br> + <br> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Seagate ST01/02 SCSI controllers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Future Domain 8xx/950 series SCSI controllers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>WD7000 SCSI controller</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>The following device is unmaintained:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Mitsumi proprietary CD-ROM interface (all models) + (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mcd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="ETHERNET">3.2 Ethernet + Interfaces</a></h2> + + <p>Adaptec Duralink PCI Fast Ethernet adapters based on + the Adaptec AIC-6915 Fast Ethernet controller chip (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX + adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX + adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX + adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX + adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Allied-Telesis AT1700 and RE2000 cards (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fe</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>CONTEC C-NET(PC)C PCMCIA Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Fujitsu MBH10303, MBH10302 Ethernet PCMCIA</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Fujitsu Towa LA501 Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Fujitsu FMV-J182, FMV-J182A</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>RATOC REX-5588, REX-9822, REX-4886, and + REX-R280</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Eiger Labs EPX-10BT</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>HITACHI HT-4840-11</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NextCom J Link NC5310</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>TDK LAK-CD021, LAK-CD021A, LAK-CD021BX</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Alteon Networks PCI Gigabit Ethernet NICs based on the + Tigon 1 and Tigon 2 chipsets (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>3Com 3c985-SX (Tigon 1 and 2)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Alteon AceNIC (Tigon 1 and 2)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Alteon AceNIC 1000baseT (Tigon 2)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Asante PCI 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet + Adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Asante GigaNIX1000T Gigabit Ethernet Adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DEC/Compaq EtherWORKS 1000</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Farallon PN9000SX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NEC Gigabit Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Netgear GA620 (Tigon 2)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Netgear GA620T (Tigon 2, 1000baseT)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Silicon Graphics Gigabit Ethernet</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>AMD PCnet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> drivers)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>AMD PCnet/PCI (79c970 & 53c974 or 79c974)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AMD PCnet/FAST</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Isolink 4110 (8 bit)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PCnet/FAST+</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PCnet/FAST III</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PCnet/PRO</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PCnet/Home</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>HomePNA</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>SMC 83c17x (EPIC)-based Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tx</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>SMC EtherPower II 9432 series</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>National Semiconductor DS8390-based Ethernet NICs, + including Novell NE2000 and clones (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>3C503 Etherlink II (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DEC Etherworks DE305</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Hewlett-Packard PC Lan+ 27247B and 27252A</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NetVin 5000</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Novell NE1000, NE2000, and NE2100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>RealTek 8029</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SMC Elite 16 WD8013 Ethernet interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SMC Elite Ultra</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SMC WD8003E, WD8003EBT, WD8003W, WD8013W, WD8003S, + WD8003SBT and WD8013EBT and clones</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Surecom NE-34</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>VIA VT86C926</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Winbond W89C940</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>NE2000 compatible PC-Card (PCMCIA) Ethernet and + FastEthernet cards (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>AR-P500 Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Accton EN2212/EN2216/UE2216</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Allied Telesis CentreCOM LA100-PCM_V2</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AmbiCom 10BaseT card</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BayNetworks NETGEAR FA410TXC Fast Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>CNet BC40 adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>COREGA Ether PCC-T/EtherII PCC-T/FEther + PCC-TXF/PCC-TXD</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Compex Net-A adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>CyQ've ELA-010</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>D-Link DE-650/660</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Danpex EN-6200P2</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Elecom Laneed LD-CDL/TX, LD-CDF, LD-CDS, + LD-10/100CD, LD-CDWA (DP83902A), MACNICA Ethernet ME1 + for JEIDA</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>IO DATA PCLATE</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>IBM Creditcard Ethernet I/II</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>IC-CARD Ethernet/IC-CARD+ Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Kingston KNE-PC2, KNE-PCM/x Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Linksys EC2T/PCMPC100/PCM100, PCMLM56, EtherFast + 10/100 PC Card, Combo PCMCIA Ethernet Card (PCMPC100 + V2)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Melco + LPC-T/LPC2-T/LPC2-CLT/LPC2-TX/LPC3-TX/LPC3-CLX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NDC Ethernet Instant-Link</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>National Semiconductor InfoMover NE4100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NetGear FA-410TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Network Everywhere Ethernet 10BaseT PC Card</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Planex FNW-3600-T</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Socket LP-E</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Surecom EtherPerfect EP-427</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>TDK LAK-CD031,Grey Cell GCS2000 Ethernet Card</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Telecom Device SuperSocket RE450T</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>RealTek RTL 8002 Pocket Ethernet (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rdp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rdp</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>RealTek 8129/8139 Fast Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek + 8139 clone)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>D-Link DFE-538TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Genius GF100TXR (RTL8139)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Lite-On 82c168/82c169 PNIC Fast Ethernet NICs (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Kingston KNE110TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>LinkSys EtherFast LNE100TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A and 98725 Fast + Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>CNet Pro120A (98713 or 98713A)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>CNet Pro120B (98715)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NDC Communications SFA100A (98713A)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SVEC PN102TX (98713)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Macronix/Lite-On PNIC II LC82C115 Fast Ethernet NICs + (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>LinkSys EtherFast LNE100TX Version 2</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Winbond W89C840F Fast Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>VIA Technologies VT3043 ``Rhine I'' and VT86C100A + ``Rhine II'' Fast Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>D-Link DFE-530TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 and SiS 7016 PCI + Fast Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>SiS 630, 635 and 735 motherboard chipsets</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>National Semiconductor DP83815 Fast Ethernet NICs (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>NetGear FA311-TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NetGear FA312-TX</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>National Semiconductor DP83820 and DP83821 Gigabit + Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Addtron AEG320T</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T + (64-bit PCI)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIC 1000TA and 1000TPC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>D-Link DGE-500T</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI) and EG1064 (64-bit + PCI)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Netgear GA622T</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 + (64-bit PCI)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Sundance Technologies ST201 PCI Fast Ethernet NICs (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>SysKonnect SK-984x PCI Gigabit Ethernet cards (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> drivers)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>SK-9821 1000baseT copper, single port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SK-9822 1000baseT copper, dual port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SK-9841 1000baseLX single mode fiber, single + port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SK-9842 1000baseLX single mode fiber, dual + port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SK-9843 1000baseSX multimode fiber, single + port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SK-9844 1000baseSX multimode fiber, dual port</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Texas Instruments ThunderLAN PCI NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Compaq Netelligent 10, 10/100, 10/100 + Dual-Port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Proliant</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP, 10 T + PCI UTP/Coax, 10/100 TX UTP</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Compaq NetFlex 3P, 3P Integrated, 3P w/BNC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Olicom OC-2135/2138, OC-2325, OC-2326 10/100 TX + UTP</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX + multi-personality</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>ADMtek Inc. AL981-based PCI Fast Ethernet NICs (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>ADMtek Inc. AN985-based PCI Fast Ethernet NICs (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>LinkSys EtherFast LNE100TX v4.0/4.1</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>ADMtek Inc. AN986-based USB Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">aue</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Billionton USB100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>D-Link DSB-650TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>LinkSys USB100TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Melco Inc. LUA-TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SMC 2202USB</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>CATC USB-EL1210A-based USB Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cue</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Belkin F5U011</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Belkin F5U111</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>CATC Netmate</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>CATC Netmate II</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Kawasaki LSI KU5KUSB101B-based USB Ethernet NICs (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">kue</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>3Com 3c19250</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Abocom URE 450</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ADS Technologies USB-10BT</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ATen UC10T</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Corega USB-T</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>D-Link DSB-650</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Entrega NET-USB-E45</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>LinkSys USB10T</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Netgear EA101</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Peracom USB Ethernet Adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SMC 2102USB</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SMC 2104USB</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A PCI NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Alfa Inc. GFC2204</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>CNet Pro110B</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>DEC EtherWORKS II and III NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=le&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">le</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>DE200, DE201, DE202, DE422</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DE203, DE204, DE205</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>DEC DC21040, DC21041, DC21140, DC21141, DC21142, and + DC21143 based NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Asante</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DEC DE425, DE435, DE450, and DE500</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SMC Etherpower 8432T, 9332, and 9334</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ZYNX ZX 3xx</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>DEC/Intel 21143 based Fast Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>DEC DE500</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Compaq Presario 7900 series built-in Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>D-Link DFE-570TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Kingston KNE100TX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive + built-in Ethernet</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Davicom DM9100 and DM9102 PCI Fast Ethernet NICs (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Jaton Corporation XpressNet</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Xircom 3201 (Cardbus) (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (MiniPCI) (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>Fujitsu MB86960A/MB86965A based Fast Ethernet NICs (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fe</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>CONTEC C-NET(PC)C Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Eiger Labs EPX-10BT</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Fujitsu FMV-J182, FMV-J182A, MBH10302, MBH10303 + Ethernet PCMCIA</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Fujitsu Towa LA501 Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>HITACHI HT-4840-11</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NextCom J Link NC5310</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>RATOC REX-5588, REX-9822, REX-4886, REX-R280</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>TDK LAK-CD021, LAK-CD021A, LAK-CD021BX</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Intel 82557- or 82559-based Fast Ethernet NICs (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/100B PCI Fast Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel InBusiness 10/100 PCI Network Adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Intel 82595-based Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ex&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ex</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/10 and Pro/10+ Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Olicom OC2220</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Intel 82586-based Ethernet NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ie&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ie</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>3Com 3C507 Etherlink 16/TP</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AT&T Starlan 10 and Starlan Fiber</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>EN100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel EtherExpress 16</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>RACAL Interlan NI5210</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>3Com 3C5x9 Etherlink III NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ep&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ep</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>3C509</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3C529 MCA</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3C579 EISA</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3CXE589EC, 3CXE589ET PCMCIA</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3C589/589B/589C/589D/589E/574TX/574B + PC-card/PCMCIA</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Megahertz 3CCFEM556BI, 3CXEM556, 3CCFEM556B</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>OfficeConnect 3CXSH572BT</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Farallon EtherMac</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>3Com 3C501 8-bit ISA Ethernet NIC (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=el&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">el</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>3Com Etherlink XL-based NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>3C900/905/905B/905C PCI</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3C556/556B MiniPCI</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3C450-TX HomeConnect adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3c980/3c980B Fast Etherlink XL server adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3C575TX/575B/XFE575BT/575C/656/656B/656C + (Cardbus)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell Optiplex GX1 on-board 3C918</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell On-board 3C920</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell Precision on-board 3C905B</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Dell Latitude laptop docking station embedded + 3C905-TX</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>3Com 3C59X series NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vx</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>3C590 Etherlink III (PCI)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3C595 Fast Etherlink III (PCI)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3C592/3C597 (EISA)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0-based NICs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cs&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cs</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>IBM Etherjet ISA</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Megahertz X-Jack Ethernet PC-Card CC-10BT (sn + driver)</p> + + <p>Xircom X3201 (Cardbus) based Ethernet cards, including + the following:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use + the X3201 chipset)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Xircom CreditCard adapters (16 bit) and workalikes (xe + driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Accton EN2226/Fast EtherCard (16-bit version)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 PC Card</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/100 Mobile Adapter (16-bit + version)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Xircom 10/100 Network PC Card adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Xircom Realport card + modem(Ethernet part)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet 10/100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Xircom CreditCard 10Base-T ``CreditCard Ethernet + Adapter IIps'' (PS-CE2-10)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet 10/100 + modem + (Ethernet part)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>National Semiconductor DP8393X (SONIC) Ethernet cards + (snc driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>NEC PC-9801-83, -84, -103, and -104</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NEC PC-9801N-25 and -J02R</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Gigabit Ethernet cards based on the Level 1 LXT1001 + NetCellerator controller (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lge</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>D-Link DGE-500SX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SMC TigerCard 1000 (SMC9462SX)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Ethernet and Fast Ethernet NICs based on the 3Com 3XP + Typhoon/Sidewinder (3CR990) chipset (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3Com 3CR990B-SRV</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3Com 3CR990B-TXM</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Gigabit Ethernet NICs based on the Broadcom BCM570x + (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>3Com 3c996-T</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Netgear GA302T</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SysKonnect SK-9D21 and 9D41</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Built-in Gigabit Ethernet NICs on DELL PowerEdge + 2550 servers</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Gigabit Ethernet NICs based on the Intel 82542 and + 82543 controller chips (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> drivers)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Ethernet</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver is + officially supported by Intel, but is only supported + on the i386.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br> + <br> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN1245">3.3 FDDI + Interfaces</a></h2> + + <p>DEC DEFPA PCI (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>DEC DEFEA EISA (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN1255">3.4 ATM + Interfaces</a></h2> + + <p>Efficient Networks, Inc. ENI-155p ATM PCI Adapters + (hea driver)</p> + + <p>FORE Systems, Inc. PCA-200E ATM PCI Adapters (hfa + driver)</p> + + <p>The ATM support in FreeBSD supports the following + signaling protocols:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>The ATM Forum UNI 3.1 signaling protocol</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The ATM Forum UNI 3.0 signaling protocol</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The ATM Forum ILMI address registration</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>FORE Systems' proprietary SPANS signaling + protocol</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Permanent Virtual Channels (PVCs)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Support for the IETF ``Classical IP and ARP over ATM'' + model is provided, compliant with the following RFCs and + Internet Drafts:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>RFC 1483, ``Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM + Adaptation Layer 5''</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>RFC 1577, ``Classical IP and ARP over ATM''</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>RFC 1626, ``Default IP MTU for use over ATM + AAL5''</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>RFC 1755, ``ATM Signaling Support for IP over + ATM''</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>RFC 2225, ``Classical IP and ARP over ATM''</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>RFC 2334, ``Server Cache Synchronization Protocol + (SCSP)''</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Internet Draft <tt class= + "FILENAME">draft-ietf-ion-scsp-atmarp-00.txt</tt>, + ``A Distributed ATMARP Service Using SCSP''</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Support for an ATM sockets interface is also + provided.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN1297">3.5 Wireless Network + Interfaces</a></h2> + + <p>NCR / AT&T / Lucent Technologies WaveLan T1-speed + ISA/radio LAN cards (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wl</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>Lucent Technologies WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11 PCMCIA and ISA + standard speed (2Mbps) and turbo speed (6Mbps) wireless + network adapters and workalikes (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> The ISA versions of these adapters + are actually PCMCIA cards combined with an ISA to + PCMCIA bridge card, so both kinds of devices work + with the same driver.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>NCR WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>3COM 3crwe737A AirConnect Wireless LAN PC Card</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Addtron AWA100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Cabletron RoamAbout 802.11 DS</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Compaq WL100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Corega KK Wireless LAN PCC-11</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ELECOM Air@Hawk/LD-WL11/PCC</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Farallon Skyline 11Mbps Wireless</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ICOM SL-1100</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Laneed Wireless card</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Melco Airconnect WLI-PCM-L11</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NEC Wireless Card CMZ-RT-WP</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PLANEX GeoWave/GW-NS110</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>TDK LAK-CD011WL</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Aironet 802.11 wireless adapters (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Aironet 4500/4800 series (PCMCIA, PCI, and ISA + adapters are all supported)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Cisco Systems Aironet 340 and 350 series (PCMCIA, + PCI, and ISA adapters are all supported)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Raytheon Raylink 2.4GHz wireless adapters (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ray&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ray</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Webgear Aviator</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Webgear Aviator Pro</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Raylink PC Card</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>AMD Am79C930 and Harris (Intersil) based 802.11 cards + (awi driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>BayStack 650 and 660</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Farallon SkyLINE Wireless</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Icom SL-200</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Melco WLI-PCM</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NEL SSMagic</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Netwave AirSurfer Plus and AirSurfer Pro</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ZoomAir 4000</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN1374">3.6 Miscellaneous + Networks</a></h2> + + <p>Granch SBNI12 point-to-point communications adapters + (sbni driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>SBNI12-XX and SBNI12D-XX ISA and PCI</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>SMC COM90cx6 ARCNET network adapters (cm driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>SMC 90c26, 90c56, and 90c66 in 90c56 compatability + mode</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN1384">3.7 ISDN + Interfaces</a></h2> + + <p>AcerISDN P10 ISA PnP (experimental)</p> + + <p>Asuscom ISDNlink 128K ISA</p> + + <p>ASUSCOM P-IN100-ST-D (and other Winbond W6692-based + cards)</p> + + <p>AVM</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>A1</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>B1 ISA (tested with V2.0)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>B1 PCI (tested with V4.0)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Fritz!Card classic</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Fritz!Card PnP</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Fritz!Card PCI</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Fritz!Card PCI, Version 2</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>T1</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Creatix</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>ISDN-S0</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ISDN-S0 P&P</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Compaq Microcom 610 ISDN (Compaq series PSB2222I) ISA + PnP</p> + + <p>Dr. Neuhaus Niccy Go@ and compatibles</p> + + <p>Dynalink IS64PH</p> + + <p>Eicon Diehl DIVA 2.0 and 2.02</p> + + <p>ELSA</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>ELSA PCC-16</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>QuickStep 1000pro ISA</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MicroLink ISDN/PCI</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>QuickStep 1000pro PCI</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>ITK ix1 Micro ( < V.3, non-PnP version )</p> + + <p>Sedlbauer Win Speed</p> + + <p>Siemens I-Surf 2.0</p> + + <p>TELEINT ISDN SPEED No.1 (experimental)</p> + + <p>Teles</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>S0/8</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>S0/16</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>S0/16.3</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>S0/16.3 PnP</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>16.3c ISA PnP (experimental)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Teles PCI-TJ</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Traverse Technologies NETjet-S PCI</p> + + <p>USRobotics Sportster ISDN TA intern</p> + + <p>Winbond W6692 based PCI cards</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN1448">3.8 Multi-port Serial + Interfaces</a></h2> + + <p>AST 4 port serial card using shared IRQ</p> + + <p>ARNET serial cards (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ar&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ar</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>ARNET 8 port serial card using shared IRQ</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ARNET (now Digiboard) Sync 570/i high-speed + serial</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Boca multi-port serial cards</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Boca BB1004 4-Port serial card (Modems <span + class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> + supported)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Boca IOAT66 6-Port serial card (Modems + supported)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Boca BB1008 8-Port serial card (Modems <span + class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> + supported)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Boca BB2016 16-Port serial card (Modems + supported)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Comtrol Rocketport card (rp driver)</p> + + <p>Cyclades Cyclom-y serial board (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cy&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cy</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>STB 4 port card using shared IRQ</p> + + <p>DigiBoard intelligent serial cards (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dgb</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>DigiBoard PC/Xe series</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DigiBoard PC/Xi series</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>PCI-Based multi-port serial boards (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=puc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">puc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Avlab Technology, PCI IO 2S</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Moxa Industio CP-114</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Syba Tech Ltd. PCI-4S2P-550-ECP</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Netmos NM9835 PCI-2S-550</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SIIG Cyber Serial Dual PCI 16C550</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>SDL Communication serial boards</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>SDL Communications Riscom/8 Serial Board (rc + driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SDL Communications RISCom/N2 and N2pci high-speed + sync serial boards (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sr</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Stallion Technologies multiport serial boards</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>EasyIO (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">stl</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>EasyConnection 8/32 (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">stl</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>EasyConnection 8/64 (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stli&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">stli</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ONboard 4/16 (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stli&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">stli</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Brumby (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stli&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">stli</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Specialix SI/XIO/SX multiport serial cards, with both + the older SIHOST2.x and the new ``enhanced'' (transputer + based, aka JET) host cards (ISA, EISA and PCI are + supported) (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=si&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">si</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN1543">3.9 Audio + Devices</a></h2> + + <p>Advance (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Asound 100 and 110</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Logic ALS120 and ALS4000</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>CMedia sound chips</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>CMI8338/CMI8738</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Crystal Semiconductor (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">csa</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>CS461x/462x Audio Accelerator</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>CS428x Audio Controller</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>ENSONIQ (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>AudioPCI ES1370/1371</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>ESS</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>ES1868, ES1869, ES1879 and ES1888 (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Maestro-1, Maestro-2, and Maestro-2E</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Maestro-3/Allegro</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> The Maestro-3/Allegro cannot be + compiled into the FreeBSD kernel due to licensing + restrictions. To use this driver, add the + following line to <tt class= + "FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt>:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>snd_maestro3_load="YES"</b></tt> +</pre> + </blockquote> + </div> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>ForteMedia fm801</p> + + <p>Gravis (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gusc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>UltraSound MAX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>UltraSound PnP</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Intel 443MX, 810, 815, and 815E integrated sound + devices (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>MSS/WSS Compatible DSPs (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>NeoMagic 256AV/ZX (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>OPTi 931/82C931 (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>S3 Sonicvibes</p> + + <p>Creative Technologies SoundBlaster series (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>SoundBlaster</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SoundBlaster Pro</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SoundBlaster AWE-32</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SoundBlaster AWE-64</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SoundBlaster AWE-64 GOLD</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SoundBlaster ViBRA-16</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Trident 4DWave DX/NX (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>VIA Technologies VT82C686A</p> + + <p>Yamaha</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>DS1</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>DS1e</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN1645">3.10 Camera and Video + Capture Devices</a></h2> + + <p>Brooktree Bt848/849/878/879-based frame grabbers (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bktr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bktr</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>AverMedia cards</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Hauppauge Wincast TV and WinTV boards (PCI)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel Smart Video Recorder III</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Miro PC TV</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>STB TV PCI</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Video Highway XTreme</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>VideoLogic Captivator PCI</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Connectix QuickCam</p> + + <p>Cortex1 frame grabber (ctx driver)</p> + + <p>Creative Labs Video Spigot frame grabber (spigot + driver)</p> + + <p>Matrox Meteor Video frame grabber (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=meteor&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">meteor</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="USB">3.11 USB Devices</a></h2> + + <p>A range of USB peripherals are supported; devices + known to work are listed in this section. Owing to the + generic nature of most USB devices, with some exceptions + any device of a given class will be supported, even if + not explicitly listed here.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> USB Ethernet adapters can be found in + the section listing <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet + interfaces</a>.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>Host Controllers (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a> drivers)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>ALi Aladdin-V</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>AMD-756</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>CMD Tech 670 & 673</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel 82371AB and EB (PIIX4)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel 82801AA (ICH)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel 82801AB (ICH0)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel 82801BA/BAM (ICH2)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Intel 82443MX</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NEC uPD 9210</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SiS 5571</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>VIA 83C572 USB</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>UHCI or OHCI compliant motherboard chipsets (no + exceptions known)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>USB host controllers (PCI)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>ADS Electronics PCI plug-in card (2 ports)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Entrega PCI plug-in card (4 ports)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Hubs</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Andromeda hub</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MacAlly self powered hub (4 ports)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>NEC hub</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Keyboards (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Apple iMac keyboard</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>BTC BTC7935 keyboard with PS/2 mouse port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Cherry G81-3504 keyboard</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Logitech M2452 keyboard</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MacAlly iKey keyboard</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Microsoft keyboard</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Miscellaneous</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>ActiveWire I/O Board</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Diamond Rio 500, 600, and 800 MP3 players (<a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=urio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">urio</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>D-Link DSB-R100 USB Radio (ufm driver)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Modems (umodem driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>3Com 5605</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Metricom Ricochet GS USB wireless modem</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Mice (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Agiler Mouse 29UO</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Apple iMac Mouse</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Belkin Mouse</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Chic mouse</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Cypress mouse</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Genius Niche mouse</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Kensington Mouse-in-a-Box</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Logitech wheel mouse (3 buttons)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Logitech PS/2 / USB mouse (3 buttons)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>MacAlly mouse (3 buttons)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Microsoft IntelliMouse (3 buttons)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Trust Ami Mouse (3 buttons)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Printers and parallel printer conversion cables (ulpt + driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>ATen parallel printer adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Belkin F5U002 parallel printer adapter</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Entrega USB-to-parallel printer adapter</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Scanners (through SANE) (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uscanner&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">uscanner</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Perfection 636U</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>HP ScanJet 4100C, 5200C, 6300C</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Storage (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Iomega USB Zip 100Mb (primitive support still)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 floppy drive</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Microtech USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI cable</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Panasonic floppy drive</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Y-E Data floppy drive (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN1824">3.12 + Miscellaneous</a></h2> + + <p>FAX-Modem/PCCARD</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Melco IGM-PCM56K/IGM-PCM56KH</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Nokia Card Phone 2.0 (gsm900/dcs1800 HSCSD + terminal)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Floppy drives (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fd</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>Genius and Mustek hand scanners</p> + + <p>GPB and Transputer drivers</p> + + <p>Keyboards including:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>AT-style keyboards</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 keyboards</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>USB keyboards (specific instances are listed in + the section describing <a href="#USB">USB + devices</a>)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Loran-C receiver (Dave Mills experimental hardware, + loran driver).</p> + + <p>Mice including:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Bus mice (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mse&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mse</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>PS/2 mice (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Serial mice</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>USB mice (specific instances are listed in the + section describing <a href="#USB">USB + devices</a>)</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>``PC standard''parallel ports (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>PC-compatible joysticks (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=joy&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">joy</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>PHS Data Communication Card/PCCARD</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>NTT DoCoMo P-in Comp@ct</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Panasonic KX-PH405</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>SII MC-P200</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, and 16550-based serial + ports (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>X-10 power controllers (<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tw</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p> + + <p>Xilinx XC6200-based reconfigurable hardware cards + compatible with the HOT1 from <a href= + "http://www.vcc.com/" target="_top">Virtual Computers</a> + (xrpu driver).</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <hr> + + <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related + documents, can be downloaded from <a href= + "ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> + before contacting <<a href= + "mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 5-CURRENT + should subscribe to the <<a href= + "mailto:current@FreeBSD.org">current@FreeBSD.org</a>> + mailing list.</small></small></p> + + <p align="center">For questions about this documentation, + e-mail <<a href= + "mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</p> + <br> + <br> + </body> +</html> + diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/hardware-sparc64.html b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/hardware-sparc64.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5aa93f0e9b --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/hardware-sparc64.html @@ -0,0 +1,783 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> + <head> + <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"> + <title>FreeBSD/sparc64 5.0-CURRENT Hardware Notes</title> + <meta name="GENERATOR" content= + "Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 "> + <link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css"> + </head> + + <body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link= + "#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> + <div class="ARTICLE"> + <div class="TITLEPAGE"> + <h1 class="TITLE"><a name="AEN2">FreeBSD/sparc64 + 5.0-CURRENT Hardware Notes</a></h1> + + <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Documentation + Project</h3> + + <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 by + The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p> + <hr> + </div> + + <div class="TOC"> + <dl> + <dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt> + + <dt>1 <a href="#AEN10">Introduction</a></dt> + + <dt>2 <a href="#AEN15">Supported Systems</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.1 <a href="#AEN18">Overview</a></dt> + + <dt>2.2 <a href="#AEN29">In general, what do you need + to run FreeBSD on a sparc64</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3 <a href="#AEN56">System-specific + information</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.3.1 <a href="#AEN60">Ultra 1</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.2 <a href="#AEN64">Ultra 2</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.3 <a href="#AEN81">Ultra 5/10</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.4 <a href="#AEN109">Ultra 60</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.5 <a href="#AEN133">Blade 100</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>2.4 <a href="#AEN172">Supported Hardware + Overview</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>3 <a href="#AEN195">Supported Devices</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>3.1 <a href="#AEN201">PCI Hardware</a></dt> + + <dt>3.2 <a href="#AEN239">SBus Hardware</a></dt> + + <dt>3.3 <a href="#AEN249">ISA Hardware</a></dt> + + <dt>3.4 <a href="#AEN259">EBus Hardware</a></dt> + + <dt>3.5 <a href="#AEN272">Unsupported + Hardware</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>4 <a href="#AEN300">Acknowledgments</a></dt> + </dl> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN10">1 Introduction</a></h1> + + <p>This document contains the hardware compatibility notes + for FreeBSD 5.0-CURRENT on the UltraSPARC hardware platform + (also referred to as FreeBSD/sparc64 5.0-CURRENT). It lists + devices known to work on this platform, as well as some + notes on boot-time kernel customization that may be useful + when attempting to configure support for new devices.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> This document includes information + specific to the UltraSPARC hardware platform. Versions + of the hardware compatibility notes for other + architectures will differ in some details.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN15">2 Supported + Systems</a></h1> + + <p>Additions, corrections and constructive criticism are + invited. In particular, information on system quirks is + more than welcome.</p> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN18">2.1 Overview</a></h2> + + <p>This document tries to provide a starting point for + those who want to run FreeBSD on an UltraSPARC-based + machine. It is aimed at providing background information + on the various hardware designs. It is not a replacement + for the systems manuals.</p> + + <p>The information is structured as follows:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>General hardware requirements to run FreeBSD on + sparc64.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>System specific information for each of the + systems/boards supported by FreeBSD.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Information on expansion boards for FreeBSD, + including things that differ from what is in the + generic supported hardware list.</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN29">2.2 In general, what do + you need to run FreeBSD on a sparc64</a></h2> + + <p>FreeBSD/sparc64 requires an UltraSPARC system. + Currently, the newer PCI-based systems are supported + better than the older SBus based systems. The following + systems are known to work to varying degrees:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Sun Ultra 1 workstations</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Sun Ultra 2 workstations</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Sun Ultra 5 workstations</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Sun Ultra 10 workstations</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Sun Ultra 30 workstations</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Sun Ultra 60 workstations</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Sun Blade 100 workstations</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Sun Netra t1 series servers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Sun Enterprise 220R servers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Sun Enterprise 250 servers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Sun Enterprise 420R servers</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>Ultra 80 and Blade 1000 are expected to work, maybe + with minor modifications. SMP is supported on Ultra 2 and + 60 workstations and Enterprise 220R, 250 and 420R + servers.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN56">2.3 System-specific + information</a></h2> + + <p>Below is an overview of the UltraSPARC hardware that + FreeBSD runs on. The GENERIC kernel configuration file in + <tt class="FILENAME">/sys/sparc64/conf/GENERIC</tt> may + contain additional information about supported + devices.</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN60">2.3.1 Ultra + 1</a></h3> + + <p>UltraSPARC Ultra1-family systems have not been + thoroughly tested with FreeBSD. These systems are not + very well supported, but it is possible to install + FreeBSD onto an Ultra-1e with a <tt class= + "DEVICENAME">hme</tt> Ethernet interface.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN64">2.3.2 Ultra + 2</a></h3> + + <p>UltraSPARC Ultra2-family systems include the + following hardware:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>1 or 2 UltraSPARC II CPUs</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Built-in Ethernet (<tt class= + "DEVICENAME">hme</tt> compatible) interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>4 SBus slots</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>1 UPA Slot</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Serial and Parallel ports</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>16-bit audio</p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN81">2.3.3 Ultra + 5/10</a></h3> + + <p>UltraSPARC Ultra5/10-family systems include the + following hardware:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>UltraSPARC IIi CPU</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Three PCI busses</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Built-in Ethernet (<tt class= + "DEVICENAME">hme</tt> compatible) interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Built-in PCI-IDE controller <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">(not yet committed - + in Perforce tree)</i></span></p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Two PC-AT style `com' ports for the mouse and + keyboard</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Floppy driver controller</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Siemens SAB82532 dual-channel serial ports for + ttya and ttyb</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>One CS4231 audio device</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>One PC-AT style parallel port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Sun `ffb' frame buffer (Ultra10 only)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>EBus (Sun proprietary bus for slow devices)</p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN109">2.3.4 Ultra + 60</a></h3> + + <p>Sun Ultra 60 workstations include the following + hardware:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>1 or 2 UltraSPARC II CPUs</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>4 PCI slots</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>2 UPA slots</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>-based + UltraSCSI controller</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Built-in Ethernet (<tt class= + "DEVICENAME">hme</tt> compatible) interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Serial and Parallel ports</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>16-bit audio</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>EBus (Sun proprietary bus for slow devices)</p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN133">2.3.5 Blade + 100</a></h3> + + <p>Sun Blade 100 workstations include the following + hardware:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>UltraSPARC IIe CPU</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Three PCI busses</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Built-in Ethernet (<tt class= + "DEVICENAME">gem</tt> compatible) interface</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Two USB ports <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">(unsupported)</i></span></p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Two Firewire ports <span class="emphasis"><i + class="EMPHASIS">(unsupported)</i></span></p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Built-in PCI-IDE controller <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">(not yet committed - + in Perforce tree)</i></span></p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Two PC-AT style `com' ports for the mouse and + keyboard</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Floppy driver controller</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a> supported + serial ports for ttya and ttyb</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>One CS4231 audio device</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>One PC-AT style parallel port</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Built-in PGX64 (ATI) graphics</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>EBus (Sun proprietary bus for slow devices)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>ISA bus</p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN172">2.4 Supported Hardware + Overview</a></h2> + + <p>A word of caution: the installed base for + FreeBSD/sparc64 is not nearly as large as for + FreeBSD/Intel. This means that the enormous variation of + PCI/ISA expansion cards out there has much less chance of + having been tested on sparc64 than on Intel. This is not + to imply they are doomed to fail, just that the chance of + running into something never tested before is much + higher. <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> contains things + that are known to work on sparc64 only.</p> + + <p>The PCI bus is fully supported. SBus support is + limited, but is reported to work well enough to netboot + an SBus-based Ultra 2 workstation.</p> + + <p>1.44 Mbyte floppy drives are <span class="emphasis"><i + class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> yet supported.</p> + + <p>ATA and ATAPI (IDE) devices are supported via the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver + framework. <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">(not yet committed - in Perforce + tree)</i></span></p> + + <p>There is full SCSI support via the CAM layer. However, + only NCR/Symbios cards are currently working. Adaptec + 2940x (AIC 7xxx chip-based) and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> cards should be + supported soon. Be aware that SCSI cards must contain Sun + FCODE in order to use them as a boot device from + OpenBoot.</p> + + <p>If you want to boot your sparc64 over the Ethernet you + will obviously need an Ethernet card that the OpenBoot + console recognizes.</p> + + <p><tt class="DEVICENAME">hme</tt>, <tt class= + "DEVICENAME">gem</tt>, and <tt class= + "DEVICENAME">eri</tt> based network devices.</p> + + <p>The ``PC standard'' serial ports found on most newer + Sun workstations are supported.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN195">3 Supported + Devices</a></h1> + $FreeBSD: + src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/hardware/sparc64/dev-sparc64.sgml,v + 1.1 2002/02/25 07:25:38 murray Exp $ + + <p>This section describes the devices currently known to be + supported by with FreeBSD on the UltraSPARC platform. Other + configurations may also work, but simply have not been + tested yet. Feedback, updates, and corrections to this list + are encouraged.</p> + + <p>Where possible, the drivers applicable to each device or + class of devices is listed. If the driver in question has a + manual page in the FreeBSD base distribution (most should), + it is referenced here.</p> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN201">3.1 PCI + Hardware</a></h2> + + <p>In general, any device for which there is a driver can + be made to work on sparc64. Some drivers might just work, + others might require some changes (because this is the + first big-endian architecture to be supported by + FreeBSD).</p> + + <p>The following drivers are known to work:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p><tt class="LITERAL">apb</tt> (Sun PCI-PCI + bridge)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>generic PCI-PCI bridges</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> (coming real + soon).</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>, <tt class= + "DEVICENAME">atadisk</tt>, <tt class= + "DEVICENAME">atapicd</tt> (but not atapifd, + atapist)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><tt class="DEVICENAME">gem</tt> (Sun GEM/ERI + ethernet, on-board on Blade 100)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><tt class="LITERAL">hme</tt> (Sun HME ethernet, + on-board on Ultra 5, 10)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a></p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a></p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN239">3.2 SBus + Hardware</a></h2> + + <p>The following drivers have SBus front ends:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p><tt class="LITERAL">hme</tt> Ethernet</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><tt class="LITERAL">mk48txx</tt> ('eeprom' device; + time-of-day clock)</p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN249">3.3 ISA + Hardware</a></h2> + + <p>The paragraph about PCI drivers apply to ISA drivers + as well, but with the notable exception that ISA DMA is + not yet supported. This are generally on-board devices; + there are no UltraSPARC boxes with ISA slots that the + authors are aware of.</p> + + <p>The following drivers are known to work:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a></p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN259">3.4 EBus + Hardware</a></h2> + + <p>The EBus is specific to Sun hardware, so drivers need + to have support added to work with these devices. It is + quite similar to ISA, so that ISA drivers can usually be + easily ported, provided that they use the bus space + interface, and not in[bwl]/out[bwl] and related + functions. DMA is not yet supported.</p> + + <p>The following drivers are known to work:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a></p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><tt class="LITERAL">mk48txx</tt> ('eeprom' device; + time-of-day clock)</p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN272">3.5 Unsupported + Hardware</a></h2> + + <p>The following hardware, which is built-in in Sun + UltraSPARC boxes, is not currently supported:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>graphics/frame buffer devices, keyboards (except + indirectly in text mode using the <tt class= + "DEVICENAME">ofw_console</tt> device)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Siemens sab82532 serial ports (Ultra 5/10; the + keyboard/mouse ports are also RS232 ones and + supported by the sio driver though; a driver, 'se', + is being worked on).</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>serial keyboards (except indirectly using the <tt + class="DEVICENAME">ofw_console</tt> device)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Zilog z8530 serial ports (keyboard/mouse, ttya and + ttyb in Ultra 1 and Ultra 2 boxen)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>fas (Fast SCSI controller builtin in most Ultra 1 + and Ultra 2 boxen)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>USB ports (have issues, should be easy to get to + work though)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>all floppy drives/controllers</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>smart card readers (the Blade 100 has one, don't + know much about it)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>FireWire/IEEE1394</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>sound cards</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>parallel ports</p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN300">4 + Acknowledgments</a></h1> + + <p>This document is based in part on the FreeBSD/Alpha and + NetBSD/sparc64 release documentation. Information about + specific system models was obtained from <a href= + "http://www.sun.com" target="_top">Sun</a>.</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr> + + <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related + documents, can be downloaded from <a href= + "ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> + before contacting <<a href= + "mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 5-CURRENT + should subscribe to the <<a href= + "mailto:current@FreeBSD.org">current@FreeBSD.org</a>> + mailing list.</small></small></p> + + <p align="center">For questions about this documentation, + e-mail <<a href= + "mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</p> + <br> + <br> + </body> +</html> + diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/hardware.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/hardware.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c8eac3e01 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/hardware.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional-Based Extension//EN" [ +<!ENTITY base CDATA "../../.."> +<!ENTITY date "$FreeBSD: www/en/releases/5.0R/DP1/hardware.sgml,v 1.3 2005/10/04 06:52:23 murray Exp $"> +<!ENTITY title "FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 Hardware Notes"> +<!ENTITY % navinclude.download "INCLUDE"> +]> +<html> + &header; + + <p>The hardware notes for FreeBSD are customized for different + platforms, as some of the changes made to FreeBSD apply only to + specific processor architectures.</p> + + <p>Hardware notes for FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 are available for the following + platforms:</p> + + <ul> + <li><a href="hardware-i386.html">i386</a></li> + <li><a href="hardware-alpha.html">alpha</a></li> + <li><a href="hardware-sparc64.html">sparc64</a></li> + </ul> + + <p>A list of all platforms currently under development can be found + on the <a href="../../../platforms/index.html">Supported + Platforms</a> page.</p> + + &footer; + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/installation-alpha.html b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/installation-alpha.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ad7c015794 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/installation-alpha.html @@ -0,0 +1,2269 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> + <head> + <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"> + <title>FreeBSD/alpha 5.0-DP1 Installation Instructions</title> + <meta name="GENERATOR" content= + "Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 "> + <link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css"> + </head> + + <body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link= + "#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> + <div class="ARTICLE"> + <div class="TITLEPAGE"> + <h1 class="TITLE"><a name="AEN2">FreeBSD/alpha 5.0-DP1 + Installation Instructions</a></h1> + + <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3> + + <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 by + The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p> + <hr> + </div> + + <blockquote class="ABSTRACT"> + <div class="ABSTRACT"> + <a name="AEN10"></a> + + <p>This article gives some brief instructions on + installing FreeBSD/alpha 5.0-DP1, with particular + emphasis given to obtaining a FreeBSD distribution. Some + notes on troubleshooting and frequently-asked questions + are also given.</p> + </div> + </blockquote> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN12">1 Installing + FreeBSD</a></h1> + + <p>This section documents the process of installing a new + distribution of FreeBSD. These instructions pay particular + emphasis to the process of obtaining the FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 + distribution and to beginning the installation procedure. + The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install.html" + target="_top">``Installing FreeBSD''</a> chapter of the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" + target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a> provides more in-depth + information about the installation program itself, + including a guided walkthrough with screenshots.</p> + + <p>If you are upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, + please see <a href="#UPGRADING">Section 3</a> for + instructions on upgrading.</p> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1 Getting + Started</a></h2> + + <p>Probably the most important pre-installation step that + can be taken is that of reading the various instruction + documents provided with FreeBSD. A roadmap of documents + pertaining to this release of FreeBSD can be found in <tt + class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>, which can usually be + found in the same location as this file; most of these + documents, such as the release notes and the hardware + compatibility list, are also accessible in the + Documentation menu of the installer.</p> + + <p>Note that on-line versions of the FreeBSD <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/" + target="_top">FAQ</a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" + target="_top">Handbook</a> are also available from the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">FreeBSD + Project Web site</a>, if you have an Internet + connection.</p> + + <p>This collection of documents may seem daunting, but + the time spent reading them will likely be saved many + times over. Being familiar with what resources are + available can also be helpful in the event of problems + during installation.</p> + + <p>The best laid plans sometimes go awry, so if you run + into trouble take a look at <a href="#TROUBLE">Section + 4</a>, which contains valuable troubleshooting + information. You should also read an updated copy of <tt + class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> before installing, since + this will alert you to any problems which have reported + in the interim for your particular release.</p> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> While FreeBSD does its best to + safeguard against accidental loss of data, it's still + more than possible to <span class="emphasis"><i + class="EMPHASIS">wipe out your entire disk</i></span> + with this installation if you make a mistake. Please + do not proceed to the final FreeBSD installation menu + unless you've adequately backed up any important data + first.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN35">1.2 Hardware + Requirements</a></h2> + + <p>FreeBSD for the Alpha/AXP supports the platforms + described in <tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>.</p> + + <p>You will need a dedicated disk for FreeBSD/alpha. It + is not possible to share a disk with another operating + system at this time. This disk will need to be attached + to a SCSI controller which is supported by the SRM + firmware or an IDE disk assuming the SRM in your machine + supports booting from IDE disks.</p> + + <p>Your root filesystem MUST be the first partition + (partition <tt class="LITERAL">a</tt>) on the disk to be + bootable.</p> + + <p>You will need the SRM console firmware for your + platform. In some cases, it is possible to switch between + AlphaBIOS (or ARC) firmware and SRM. In others it will be + necessary to download new firmware from the vendor's Web + site.</p> + + <p>If you are not familiar with configuring hardware for + FreeBSD, you should be sure to read the <tt class= + "FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> file; it contains important + information on what hardware is supported by FreeBSD.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="FLOPPIES">1.3 Floppy Disk + Image Instructions</a></h2> + + <p>Depending on how you choose to install FreeBSD, you + may need to create a set of floppy disks (usually two) to + begin the installation process. This section briefly + describes how to create these disks, either from a CDROM + installation or from the Internet. Note that in the + common case of installing FreeBSD from CDROM, on a + machine that supports bootable CDROMs, the steps outlined + in this section will not be needed and can be + skipped.</p> + + <p>For a normal CDROM or network installation, all you + need to copy onto actual floppies from the <tt class= + "FILENAME">floppies/</tt> directory are the <tt class= + "FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt> images (for 1.44MB + floppies).</p> + + <p>Getting these images over the network is easy. Simply + fetch the <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>release</i></tt><tt + class="FILENAME">/floppies/kern.flp</tt> and <tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>release</i></tt><tt class= + "FILENAME">/floppies/mfsroot.flp</tt> files from <a href= + "ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" target= + "_top">ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a> or one + of the many mirrors listed at <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html" + target="_top">FTP Sites</a> section of the Handbook, or + on the <a href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/" target= + "_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a> Web pages.</p> + + <p>Get two blank, freshly formatted floppies and image + copy <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> onto one and <tt + class="FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt> onto the other. These + images are <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">not</i></span> DOS files. You cannot simply + copy them to a DOS or UFS floppy as regular files, you + need to ``image'' copy them to the floppy with <tt class= + "FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> under DOS (see the <tt class= + "FILENAME">tools</tt> directory on your CDROM or FreeBSD + FTP mirror) or the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> command in + UNIX.</p> + + <p>For example, to create the kernel floppy image from + DOS, you'd do something like this:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">C></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>fdimage kern.flp a:</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>Assuming that you'd copied <tt class= + "FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> into a directory somewhere. You + would do the same for <tt class= + "FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt>, of course.</p> + + <p>If you're creating the boot floppy from a UNIX + machine, you may find that:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>dd if=floppies/kern.flp of=/dev/rfd0</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>or</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>dd if=floppies/kern.flp of=/dev/floppy</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>work well, depending on your hardware and operating + system environment (different versions of UNIX have + different names for the floppy drive).</p> + + <p>If you're on an alpha machine that can network-boot + its floppy images or you have a 2.88MB or LS-120 floppy + capable of taking a 2.88MB image on an x86 machine, you + may wish to use the single (but twice as large) <tt + class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> image. It contains the + contents of <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> and <tt + class="FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt> on a single floppy. + This file should also be used as the boot file for those + mastering ``El Torito'' bootable CD images. See the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mkisofs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mkisofs</span>(8)</span></a> command for + more information.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4 + Installing FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet</a></h2> + + <p>The easiest type of installation is from CDROM. If you + have a supported CDROM drive and a FreeBSD installation + CDROM, you can boot FreeBSD directly from the CDROM. + Insert the CDROM into the drive and type the following + command to start the installation (substituting the name + of the appropriate CDROM drive if necessary):</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + >>><tt class="USERINPUT"><b>boot dka0</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>Alternatively you can boot the installation from + floppy disk. You should start the installation by + building a set of FreeBSD boot floppies from the files + <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/kern.flp</tt> and <tt + class="FILENAME">floppies/mfsroot.flp</tt> using the + instructions found in <a href="#FLOPPIES">Section + 1.3</a>. From the SRM console prompt (<tt class= + "LITERAL">>>></tt>), just insert the <tt class= + "FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> floppy and type the following + command to start the installation:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + >>><tt class="USERINPUT"><b>boot dva0</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>Insert the <tt class="FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt> + floppy when prompted and you will end up at the first + screen of the install program.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN128">1.5 Detail on various + installation types</a></h2> + + <p>Once you've gotten yourself to the initial + installation screen somehow, you should be able to follow + the various menu prompts and go from there. If you've + never used the FreeBSD installation before, you are also + encouraged to read some of the documentation in the + Documentation submenu as well as the general ``Usage'' + instructions on the first menu.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> If you get stuck at a screen, press + the <b class="KEYCAP">F1</b> key for online + documentation relevant to that specific section.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>If you've never installed FreeBSD before, or even if + you have, the ``Standard'' installation mode is the most + recommended since it makes sure that you'll visit all the + various important checklist items along the way. If + you're much more comfortable with the FreeBSD + installation process and know <span class="emphasis"><i + class="EMPHASIS">exactly</i></span> what you want to do, + use the ``Express'' or ``Custom'' installation options. + If you're upgrading an existing system, use the + ``Upgrade'' option.</p> + + <p>The FreeBSD installer supports the direct use of + floppy, DOS, tape, CDROM, FTP, NFS and UFS partitions as + installation media; further tips on installing from each + type of media are listed below.</p> + + <p>Once the install procedure has finished, you will be + able to start FreeBSD/alpha by typing something like this + to the SRM prompt:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + >>><tt class="USERINPUT"><b>boot dkc0</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>This instructs the firmware to boot the specified + disk. To find the SRM names of disks in your machine, use + the <tt class="LITERAL">show device</tt> command:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + >>><tt class="USERINPUT"><b>show device</b></tt> + dka0.0.0.4.0 DKA0 TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-57 3476 + dkc0.0.0.1009.0 DKC0 RZ1BB-BS 0658 + dkc100.1.0.1009.0 DKC100 SEAGATE ST34501W 0015 + dva0.0.0.0.1 DVA0 + ewa0.0.0.3.0 EWA0 00-00-F8-75-6D-01 + pkc0.7.0.1009.0 PKC0 SCSI Bus ID 7 5.27 + pqa0.0.0.4.0 PQA0 PCI EIDE + pqb0.0.1.4.0 PQB0 PCI EIDE +</pre> + + <p>This example is from a Digital Personal Workstation + 433au and shows three disks attached to the machine. The + first is a CDROM called <tt class="DEVICENAME">dka0</tt> + and the other two are disks and are called <tt class= + "DEVICENAME">dkc0</tt> and <tt class= + "DEVICENAME">dkc100</tt> respectively.</p> + + <p>You can specify which kernel file to load and what + boot options to use with the <tt class= + "OPTION">-file</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-flags</tt> + options, for example:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>boot -file kernel.old -flags s</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>To make FreeBSD/alpha boot automatically, use these + commands:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>set boot_osflags a</b></tt> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>set bootdef_dev dkc0</b></tt> + <tt class="PROMPT">>>></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>set auto_action BOOT</b></tt> +</pre> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN167">1.5.1 Installing + from a Network CDROM</a></h3> + + <p>If you simply wish to install from a local CDROM + drive then see <a href="#START-INSTALLATION">Section + 1.4</a>. If you don't have a CDROM drive on your system + and wish to use a FreeBSD distribution CD in the CDROM + drive of another system to which you have network + connectivity, there are also several ways of going + about it:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>If you would be able to FTP install FreeBSD + directly from the CDROM drive in some FreeBSD + machine, it's quite easy: You simply add the + following line to the password file (using the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a> + command):</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin +</pre> + + <p>On the machine on which you are running the + install, go to the Options menu and set Release + Name to <tt class="LITERAL">any</tt>. You may then + choose a Media type of <tt class="LITERAL">FTP</tt> + and type in <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>machine</i></tt></tt> after + picking ``URL'' in the ftp sites menu.</p> + + <div class="WARNING"> + <blockquote class="WARNING"> + <p><b>Warning:</b> This may allow anyone on the + local network (or Internet) to make ``anonymous + FTP'' connections to this machine, which may + not be desirable.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </li> + + <li> + <p>If you would rather use NFS to export the CDROM + directly to the machine(s) you'll be installing + from, you need to first add an entry to the <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> file (on the + machine with the CDROM drive). The example below + allows the machine <tt class= + "HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> to mount the CDROM + directly via NFS during installation:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + /cdrom -ro ziggy.foo.com +</pre> + + <p>The machine with the CDROM must also be + configured as an NFS server, of course, and if + you're not sure how to do that then an NFS + installation is probably not the best choice for + you unless you're willing to read up on <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> and + configure things appropriately. Assuming that this + part goes smoothly, you should be able to enter: + <tt class="FILENAME"><tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>cdrom-host</i></tt>:/cdrom</tt> as + the path for an NFS installation when the target + machine is installed, e.g. <tt class= + "FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN199">1.5.2 Installing + from Floppies</a></h3> + + <p>If you must install from floppy disks, either due to + unsupported hardware or just because you enjoy doing + things the hard way, you must first prepare some + floppies for the install.</p> + + <p>First, make your boot floppies as described in <a + href="#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a>.</p> + + <p>Second, peruse <a href="#LAYOUT">Section 2</a> and + pay special attention to the ``Distribution Format'' + section since it describes which files you're going to + need to put onto floppy and which you can safely + skip.</p> + + <p>Next you will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB + floppies as it takes to hold all files in the <tt + class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution) + directory. If you're preparing these floppies under + DOS, then these floppies <span class="emphasis"><i + class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> be formatted using the + MS-DOS <tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt> command. If + you're using Windows, use the Windows File Manager + format command.</p> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> Frequently, floppy disks come + ``factory preformatted''. While convenient, many + problems reported by users in the past have + resulted from the use of improperly formatted + media. Re-format them yourself, just to make + sure.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>If you're creating the floppies from another FreeBSD + machine, a format is still not a bad idea though you + don't need to put a DOS filesystem on each floppy. You + can use the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> commands to + put a UFS filesystem on a floppy, as the following + sequence of commands illustrates:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440</b></tt> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3</b></tt> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/fd0</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>After you've formatted the floppies for DOS or UFS, + you'll need to copy the files onto them. The + distribution files are split into chunks conveniently + sized so that 5 of them will fit on a conventional + 1.44MB floppy. Go through all your floppies, packing as + many files as will fit on each one, until you've got + all the distributions you want packed up in this + fashion. Each distribution should go into its own + subdirectory on the floppy, e.g.: <tt class= + "FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> The <tt class= + "FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> file also needs to go on + the first floppy of the <tt class= + "FILENAME">bin</tt> set since it is read by the + installation program in order to figure out how + many additional pieces to look for when fetching + and concatenating the distribution. When putting + distributions onto floppies, the <tt class= + "FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> file <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> + occupy the first floppy of each distribution set. + This is also covered in <tt class= + "FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>Once you come to the Media screen of the install, + select ``Floppy'' and you'll be prompted for the + rest.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN258">1.5.4 Installing + from QIC/SCSI Tape</a></h3> + + <p>When installing from tape, the installation program + expects the files to be simply tar'ed onto it, so after + fetching all of the files for the distributions you're + interested in, simply use <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> to get them + onto the tape with a command something like this:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>cd <tt +class="REPLACEABLE"><i>/where/you/have/your/dists</i></tt></b></tt> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>tar cvf /dev/rsa0 <tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>dist1</i></tt> .. <tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>dist2</i></tt></b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>When you go to do the installation, you should also + make sure that you leave enough room in some temporary + directory (which you'll be allowed to choose) to + accommodate the <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">full</i></span> contents of the tape you've + created. Due to the non-random access nature of tapes, + this method of installation requires quite a bit of + temporary storage. You should expect to require as much + temporary storage as you have stuff written on + tape.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> When going to do the installation, + the tape must be in the drive <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> + booting from the boot floppies. The installation + ``probe'' may otherwise fail to find it.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>Now create a boot floppy as described in <a href= + "#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a> and proceed with the + installation.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="FTPNFS">1.5.5 Installing + over a Network using FTP or NFS</a></h3> + + <p>After making the boot floppies as described in the + first section, you can load the rest of the + installation over a network using one of 3 types of + connections: serial port, parallel port, or + Ethernet.</p> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN283">1.5.5.1 Serial + Port</a></h4> + + <p>SLIP support is rather primitive, and is limited + primarily to hard-wired links, such as a serial cable + running between two computers. The link must be + hard-wired because the SLIP installation doesn't + currently offer a dialing capability. If you need to + dial out with a modem or otherwise dialog with the + link before connecting to it, then I recommend that + the PPP utility be used instead.</p> + + <p>If you're using PPP, make sure that you have your + Internet Service Provider's IP address and DNS + information handy as you'll need to know it fairly + early in the installation process. You may also need + to know your own IP address, though PPP supports + dynamic address negotiation and may be able to pick + up this information directly from your ISP if they + support it.</p> + + <p>You will also need to know how to use the various + ``AT commands'' for dialing out with your particular + brand of modem as the PPP dialer provides only a very + simple terminal emulator.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN289">1.5.5.2 Parallel + Port</a></h4> + + <p>If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD or + Linux machine is available, you might also consider + installing over a ``laplink'' style parallel port + cable. The data rate over the parallel port is much + higher than what is typically possible over a serial + line (up to 50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker + installation. It's not typically necessary to use + ``real'' IP addresses when using a point-to-point + parallel cable in this way and you can generally just + use RFC 1918 style addresses for the ends of the link + (e.g. <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class= + "HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, etc).</p> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> If you use a Linux machine + rather than a FreeBSD machine as your PLIP peer, + you will also have to specify <tt class= + "OPTION">link0</tt> in the TCP/IP setup screen's + ``extra options for ifconfig'' field in order to + be compatible with Linux's slightly different + PLIP protocol.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN300">1.5.5.3 + Ethernet</a></h4> + + <p>FreeBSD supports many common Ethernet cards; a + table of supported cards is provided as part of the + FreeBSD Hardware Notes (see <tt class= + "FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> in the Documentation + menu on the boot floppy or the top level directory of + the CDROM). If you are using one of the supported + PCMCIA Ethernet cards, also be sure that it's plugged + in <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">before</i></span> the laptop is powered + on. FreeBSD does not, unfortunately, currently + support ``hot insertion'' of PCMCIA cards during + installation.</p> + + <p>You will also need to know your IP address on the + network, the <tt class="OPTION">netmask</tt> value + for your subnet and the name of your machine. Your + system administrator can tell you which values are + appropriate to your particular network setup. If you + will be referring to other hosts by name rather than + IP address, you'll also need a name server and + possibly the address of a gateway (if you're using + PPP, it's your provider's IP address) to use in + talking to it. If you want to install by FTP via an + HTTP proxy (see below), you will also need the + proxy's address.</p> + + <p>If you do not know the answers to these questions + then you should really probably talk to your system + administrator <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">first</i></span> before trying this type + of installation. Using a randomly chosen IP address + or netmask on a live network is almost guaranteed not + to work, and will probably result in a lecture from + said system administrator.</p> + + <p>Once you have a network connection of some sort + working, the installation can continue over NFS or + FTP.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN311">1.5.5.4 NFS + installation tips</a></h4> + + <p>NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: + Simply copy the FreeBSD distribution files you want + onto a server somewhere and then point the NFS media + selection at it.</p> + + <p>If this server supports only ``privileged port'' + access (this is generally the default for Sun and + Linux workstations), you will need to set this option + in the Options menu before installation can + proceed.</p> + + <p>If you have a poor quality Ethernet card which + suffers from very slow transfer rates, you may also + wish to toggle the appropriate Options flag.</p> + + <p>In order for NFS installation to work, the server + must also support ``subdir mounts'', e.g. if your + FreeBSD distribution directory lives on <tt class= + "FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, + then <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt> will have to allow + the direct mounting of <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, not just + <tt class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> or <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p> + + <p>In FreeBSD's <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> file this is controlled + by the <tt class="OPTION">-alldirs</tt> option. Other + NFS servers may have different conventions. If you + are getting <tt class="LITERAL">Permission + Denied</tt> messages from the server then it's likely + that you don't have this properly enabled.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN328">1.5.5.5 FTP + Installation tips</a></h4> + + <p>FTP installation may be done from any mirror site + containing a reasonably up-to-date version of + FreeBSD. A full menu of reasonable choices for almost + any location in the world is provided in the FTP site + menu during installation.</p> + + <p>If you are installing from some other FTP site not + listed in this menu, or you are having troubles + getting your name server configured properly, you can + also specify your own URL by selecting the ``URL'' + choice in that menu. A URL can contain a hostname or + an IP address, so something like the following would + work in the absence of a name server:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/alpha/4.2-RELEASE +</pre> + + <p>There are three FTP installation modes you can + use:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>FTP: This method uses the standard ``Active'' + mode for transfers, in which the server initiates + a connection to the client. This will not work + through most firewalls but will often work best + with older FTP servers that do not support + passive mode. If your connection hangs with + passive mode, try this one.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>FTP Passive: This sets the FTP "Passive" mode + which prevents the server from opening + connections to the client. This option is best + for users to pass through firewalls that do not + allow incoming connections on random port + addresses.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>FTP via an HTTP proxy: This option instructs + FreeBSD to use HTTP to connect to a proxy for all + FTP operations. The proxy will translate the + requests and send them to the FTP server. This + allows the user to pass through firewalls that do + not allow FTP at all, but offer an HTTP proxy. + You must specify the hostname of the proxy in + addition to the FTP server.</p> + + <p>In the rare case that you have an FTP proxy + that does not go through HTTP, you can specify + the URL as something like:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>ftp://foo.bar.com:<tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt>/pub/FreeBSD</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>In the URL above, <tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt> is the port number + of the proxy FTP server.</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN349">1.5.6 Tips for + Serial Console Users</a></h3> + + <p>If you'd like to install FreeBSD on a machine using + just a serial port (e.g. you don't have or wish to use + a VGA card), please follow these steps:</p> + + <div class="PROCEDURE"> + <ol type="1"> + <li> + <p>Connect some sort of ANSI (vt100) compatible + terminal or terminal emulation program to the <tt + class="DEVICENAME">COM1</tt> port of the PC you + are installing FreeBSD onto.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Unplug the keyboard (yes, that's correct!) and + then try to boot from floppy or the installation + CDROM, depending on the type of installation + media you have, with the keyboard unplugged.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>If you don't get any output on your serial + console, plug the keyboard in again and wait for + some beeps. If you are booting from the CDROM, + proceed to <a href="#HITSPACE">step 5</a> as soon + as you hear the beep.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>For a floppy boot, the first beep means to + remove the <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> + floppy and insert the <tt class= + "FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt> floppy, after which + you should press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> and + wait for another beep.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <a name="HITSPACE"></a> + + <p>Hit the space bar, then enter</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>boot -h</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>and you should now definitely be seeing + everything on the serial port. If that still + doesn't work, check your serial cabling as well + as the settings on your terminal emulation + program or actual terminal device. It should be + set for 9600 baud, 8 bits, no parity.</p> + </li> + </ol> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN371">1.6 Question and + Answer Section for Alpha/AXP Architecture Users</a></h2> + + <div class="QANDASET"> + <dl> + <dt>1.6.1. <a href="#Q1.6.1.">Can I boot from the ARC + or Alpha BIOS Console?</a></dt> + + <dt>1.6.2. <a href="#Q1.6.2.">Help! I have no space! + Do I need to delete everything first?</a></dt> + + <dt>1.6.3. <a href="#Q1.6.3.">Can I mount my Compaq + Tru64 or VMS extended partitions?</a></dt> + + <dt>1.6.4. <a href="#Q1.6.4.">What about support for + Compaq Tru64 (OSF/1) binaries?</a></dt> + + <dt>1.6.5. <a href="#Q1.6.5.">What about support for + Linux binaries?</a></dt> + + <dt>1.6.6. <a href="#Q1.6.6.">What about support for + NT Alpha binaries?</a></dt> + </dl> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q1.6.1."></a><b>1.6.1.</b> Can I boot + from the ARC or Alpha BIOS Console?</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>No. FreeBSD, like Compaq Tru64 and VMS, + will only boot from the SRM console.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q1.6.2."></a><b>1.6.2.</b> Help! I have + no space! Do I need to delete everything first?</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Unfortunately, yes.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q1.6.3."></a><b>1.6.3.</b> Can I mount + my Compaq Tru64 or VMS extended partitions?</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>No, not at this time.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q1.6.4."></a><b>1.6.4.</b> What about + support for Compaq Tru64 (OSF/1) binaries?</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>FreeBSD can run Tru64 applications very + well using the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/osf1_base/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">emulators/osf1_base</tt></a> + port/package.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q1.6.5."></a><b>1.6.5.</b> What about + support for Linux binaries?</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>FreeBSD can run AlphaLinux binaries with + the assistance of the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/linux_base/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">emulators/linux_base</tt></a> + port/package.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q1.6.6."></a><b>1.6.6.</b> What about + support for NT Alpha binaries?</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>FreeBSD is not able to run NT + applications natively, although it has the ability + to mount NT partitions.</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="LAYOUT">2 Distribution + Format</a></h1> + + <p>A typical FreeBSD distribution directory looks something + like this:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + ERRATA.HTM README.TXT compat1x dict manpages + ERRATA.TXT RELNOTES.HTM compat20 doc packages + HARDWARE.HTM RELNOTES.TXT compat21 docbook.css ports + HARDWARE.TXT XF86336 compat22 floppies proflibs + INSTALL.HTM bin compat3x games src + INSTALL.TXT catpages compat4x info tools + README.HTM cdrom.inf crypto kernel +</pre> + + <p>If you want to do a CDROM, FTP or NFS installation from + this distribution directory, all you need to do is make the + 1.44MB boot floppies from the floppies directory (see <a + href="#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a> for instructions on how to + do this), boot them and follow the instructions. The rest + of the data needed during the installation will be obtained + automatically based on your selections. If you've never + installed FreeBSD before, you also want to read the + entirety of this document (the installation instructions) + file.</p> + + <p>If you're trying to do some other type of installation + or are merely curious about how a distribution is + organized, what follows is a more thorough description of + each item in more detail:</p> + + <ol type="1"> + <li> + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> files contain documentation (for + example, this document is contained in both <tt class= + "FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>) and should be read before + starting an installation. The <tt class= + "FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> files are plain text, while the + <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> files are HTML files + that can be read by almost any Web browser. Some + distributions may contain documentation in other + formats as well, such as PDF or PostScript.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> is a Cascading + Style Sheet (CSS) file used by some Web browsers for + formatting the HTML documentation.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">XF86336</tt> directory + contains the XFree86 project's 3.3.6 release and + consists of a series of gzip'd tar files which contain + each component of the XFree86 distribution.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, + <tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>, + <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, and <tt class= + "FILENAME">src</tt> directories contain the primary + distribution components of FreeBSD itself and are split + into smaller files for easy packing onto floppies + (should that be necessary).</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, and <tt class= + "FILENAME">compat4x</tt> directories contain + distributions for compatibility with older releases and + are distributed as single gzip'd tar files - they can + be installed during release time or later by running + their <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> scripts.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> subdirectory + contains the floppy installation images; further + information on using them can be found in <a href= + "#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a>.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> and <tt + class="FILENAME">ports</tt> directories contain the + FreeBSD Packages and Ports Collections. Packages may be + installed from the packages directory by running the + command:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt><tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>/stand/sysinstall configPackages</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>Packages can also be installed by feeding individual + filenames in <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ to the + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> + command.</p> + + <p>The Ports Collection may be installed like any other + distribution and requires about 100MB unpacked. More + information on the ports collection may be obtained + from <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/" target= + "_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/</a> or locally + from <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> + if you've installed the <tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt> + distribution.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Last of all, the <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> + directory contains various DOS tools for discovering + disk geometries, installing boot managers and the like. + It is purely optional and provided only for user + convenience.</p> + </li> + </ol> + <br> + <br> + + <p>A typical distribution directory (for example, the <tt + class="FILENAME">info</tt> distribution) looks like this + internally:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + CHECKSUM.MD5 info.ab info.ad info.inf install.sh + info.aa info.ac info.ae info.mtree +</pre> + + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> file contains + MD5 signatures for each file, should data corruption be + suspected, and is purely for reference. It is not used by + the actual installation and does not need to be copied with + the rest of the distribution files. The <tt class= + "FILENAME">info.a*</tt> files are split, gzip'd tar files, + the contents of which can be viewed by doing:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>During installation, they are automatically concatenated + and extracted by the installation procedure.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> file is also + necessary since it is read by the installation program in + order to figure out how many pieces to look for when + fetching and concatenating the distribution. When putting + distributions onto floppies, the <tt class= + "FILENAME">.inf</tt> file <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">must</i></span> occupy the first floppy of each + distribution set!</p> + + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> file is another + non-essential file which is provided for user reference. It + contains the MD5 signatures of the <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">unpacked</i></span> + distribution files and can be later used with the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> program to + verify the installation permissions and checksums against + any possible modifications to the file. When used with the + <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> distribution, this can be an + excellent way of detecting trojan horse attacks on your + system.</p> + + <p>Finally, the <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> file + is for use by those who want to install the distribution + after installation time. To install the info distribution + from CDROM after a system was installed, for example, you'd + do:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>cd /cdrom/info</b></tt> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>sh install.sh</b></tt> +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="UPGRADING">3 Upgrading + FreeBSD</a></h1> + + <p>These instructions describe a procedure for doing a + binary upgrade from an older version of FreeBSD.</p> + + <div class="WARNING"> + <blockquote class="WARNING"> + <p><b>Warning:</b> While the FreeBSD upgrade procedure + does its best to safeguard against accidental loss of + data, it is still more than possible to <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">wipe out your entire + disk</i></span> with this installation! Please do not + accept the final confirmation request unless you have + adequately backed up any important data files.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> These notes assume that you are + using the version of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> + supplied with the version of FreeBSD to which you + intend to upgrade. Using a mismatched version of <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> is + almost guaranteed to cause problems and has been known + to leave systems in an unusable state. The most + commonly made mistake in this regard is the use of an + old copy of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> from an + existing installation to upgrade to a newer version of + FreeBSD. This is <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">not</i></span> recommended.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN570">3.1 + Introduction</a></h2> + + <p>The upgrade procedure replaces distributions selected + by the user with those corresponding to the new FreeBSD + release. It preserves standard system configuration data, + as well as user data, installed packages and other + software.</p> + + <p>Administrators contemplating an upgrade are encouraged + to study this section in its entirety before commencing + an upgrade. Failure to do so may result in a failed + upgrade or loss of data.</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN574">3.1.1 Upgrade + Overview</a></h3> + + <p>Upgrading of a distribution is performed by + extracting the new version of the component over the + top of the previous version. Files belonging to the old + distribution are not deleted.</p> + + <p>System configuration is preserved by retaining and + restoring the previous version of the following + files:</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, + <tt class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, + <tt class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">kerberosIV</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">modems</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, + <tt class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, + <tt class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">uucp</tt></p> + + <p>The versions of these files which correspond to the + new version are moved to <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. The system administrator + may peruse these new versions and merge components as + desired. Note that many of these files are + interdependent, and the best merge procedure is to copy + all site-specific data from the current files into the + new.</p> + + <p>During the upgrade procedure, the administrator is + prompted for a location into which all files from <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt> are saved. In the event + that local modifications have been made to other files, + they may be subsequently retrieved from this + location.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN650">3.2 Procedure</a></h2> + + <p>This section details the upgrade procedure. Particular + attention is given to items which substantially differ + from a normal installation.</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN653">3.2.1 + Backup</a></h3> + + <p>User data and system configuration should be backed + up before upgrading. While the upgrade procedure does + its best to prevent accidental mistakes, it is possible + to partially or completely destroy data and + configuration information.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN656">3.2.2 Mount + Filesystems</a></h3> + + <p>The disklabel editor is entered with the nominated + disk's filesystem devices listed. Prior to commencing + the upgrade, the administrator should make a note of + the device names and corresponding mountpoints. These + mountpoints should be entered here. <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Do not</i></span>set the + ``newfs flag'' for any filesystems, as this will cause + data loss.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN661">3.2.3 Select + Distributions</a></h3> + + <p>When selecting distributions, there are no + constraints on which must be selected. As a general + rule, the <tt class="LITERAL">bin</tt> distribution + should be selected for an update, and the <tt class= + "LITERAL">man</tt> distribution if manpages are already + installed. Other distributions may be selected beyond + those originally installed if the administrator wishes + to add additional functionality.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="FSTAB">3.2.4 After + Installation</a></h3> + + <p>Once the installation procedure has completed, the + administrator is prompted to examine the new + configuration files. At this point, checks should be + made to ensure that the system configuration is valid. + In particular, the <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> files should be checked.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN671">3.3 Upgrading from + Source Code</a></h2> + + <p>Those interested in an upgrade method that allows more + flexibility and sophistication should take a look at <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html" + target="_top">The Cutting Edge</a> in the FreeBSD + Handbook. This procedure involves rebuilding all of + FreeBSD from source code. It requires reliable network + connectivity, extra disk space, and time, but has + advantages for networks and other more complex + installations. This is roughly the same procedure as is + used for track the -STABLE or -CURRENT development + branches.</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> contains + important information on updating a FreeBSD system from + source code. It lists various issues resulting from + changes in FreeBSD that may affect an upgrade.</p> + + <p></p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="TROUBLE">4 + Troubleshooting</a></h1> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="REPAIRING">4.1 Repairing an + Existing FreeBSD Installation</a></h2> + + <p>FreeBSD features a ``Fixit'' option in the top menu of + the boot floppy. To use it, you will also need either a + <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt> image floppy, + generated in the same fashion as the boot floppy, or the + ``live filesystem'' CDROM; typically the second CDROM in + a multi-disc FreeBSD distribution.</p> + + <p>To invoke fixit, simply boot the <tt class= + "FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> floppy, choose the ``Fixit'' + item and insert the fixit floppy or CDROM when asked. You + will then be placed into a shell with a wide variety of + commands available (in the <tt class= + "FILENAME">/stand</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt> directories) for checking, + repairing and examining filesystems and their contents. + Some UNIX administration experience <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">is</i></span> required to + use the fixit option.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN692">4.2 Common + Installation Problems, Q&A</a></h2> + + <div class="QANDASET"> + <dl> + <dt>4.2.1. <a href="#Q4.2.1.">I go to boot from the + hard disk for the first time after installing + FreeBSD, the kernel loads and probes my hardware, but + stops with messages like:</a></dt> + + <dt>4.2.2. <a href="#Q4.2.2.">I go to boot from the + hard disk for the first time after installing + FreeBSD, but the Boot Manager prompt just prints <tt + class="LITERAL">F?</tt> at the boot menu each time + but the boot won't go any further.</a></dt> + </dl> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.2.1."></a><b>4.2.1.</b> I go to boot + from the hard disk for the first time after + installing FreeBSD, the kernel loads and probes my + hardware, but stops with messages like:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + changing root device to wd1s1a panic: cannot mount root +</pre> + + <p>What is wrong? What can I do?</p> + + <p>What is this <tt class= + "LITERAL">bios_drive:interface(unit,partition)kernel_name</tt> + thing that is displayed with the boot help?</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>There is a longstanding problem in the + case where the boot disk is not the first disk in + the system. The BIOS uses a different numbering + scheme to FreeBSD, and working out which numbers + correspond to which is difficult to get right.</p> + + <p>In the case where the boot disk is not the first + disk in the system, FreeBSD can need some help + finding it. There are two common situations here, + and in both of these cases, you need to tell + FreeBSD where the root filesystem is. You do this + by specifying the BIOS disk number, the disk type + and the FreeBSD disk number for that type.</p> + + <p>The first situation is where you have two IDE + disks, each configured as the master on their + respective IDE busses, and wish to boot FreeBSD + from the second disk. The BIOS sees these as disk 0 + and disk 1, while FreeBSD sees them as <tt class= + "DEVICENAME">wd0</tt> and <tt class= + "DEVICENAME">wd2</tt>.</p> + + <p>FreeBSD is on BIOS disk 1, of type <tt class= + "LITERAL">wd</tt> and the FreeBSD disk number is 2, + so you would say:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>1:wd(2,a)kernel</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>Note that if you have a slave on the primary + bus, the above is not necessary (and is effectively + wrong).</p> + + <p>The second situation involves booting from a + SCSI disk when you have one or more IDE disks in + the system. In this case, the FreeBSD disk number + is lower than the BIOS disk number. If you have two + IDE disks as well as the SCSI disk, the SCSI disk + is BIOS disk 2, type <tt class="LITERAL">da</tt> + and FreeBSD disk number 0, so you would say:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>2:da(0,a)kernel</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>To tell FreeBSD that you want to boot from BIOS + disk 2, which is the first SCSI disk in the system. + If you only had one IDE disk, you would use '1:' + instead.</p> + + <p>Once you have determined the correct values to + use, you can put the command exactly as you would + have typed it in the <tt class= + "FILENAME">/boot.config</tt> file using a standard + text editor. Unless instructed otherwise, FreeBSD + will use the contents of this file as the default + response to the <tt class="LITERAL">boot:</tt> + prompt.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.2.2."></a><b>4.2.2.</b> I go to boot + from the hard disk for the first time after + installing FreeBSD, but the Boot Manager prompt + just prints <tt class="LITERAL">F?</tt> at the boot + menu each time but the boot won't go any + further.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>The hard disk geometry was set + incorrectly in the Partition editor when you + installed FreeBSD. Go back into the partition + editor and specify the actual geometry of your hard + disk. You must reinstall FreeBSD again from the + beginning with the correct geometry.</p> + + <p>If you are failing entirely in figuring out the + correct geometry for your machine, here's a tip: + Install a small DOS partition at the beginning of + the disk and install FreeBSD after that. The + install program will see the DOS partition and try + to infer the correct geometry from it, which + usually works.</p> + + <p>The following tip is no longer recommended, but + is left here for reference:</p> + <a name="AEN729"></a> + + <blockquote class="BLOCKQUOTE"> + <p>If you are setting up a truly dedicated + FreeBSD server or workstation where you don't + care for (future) compatibility with DOS, Linux + or another operating system, you've also got the + option to use the entire disk (`A' in the + partition editor), selecting the non-standard + option where FreeBSD occupies the entire disk + from the very first to the very last sector. This + will leave all geometry considerations aside, but + is somewhat limiting unless you're never going to + run anything other than FreeBSD on a disk.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN731">4.3 Known Hardware + Problems, Q&A</a></h2> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> Please send hardware tips for this + section to Jordan K. Hubbard <tt class= + "EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:jkh@FreeBSD.org">jkh@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt>.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <div class="QANDASET"> + <dl> + <dt>4.3.1. <a href="#Q4.3.1.">The <span class= + "CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mcd</span>(4)</span> driver keeps + thinking that it has found a device and this stops my + Intel EtherExpress card from working.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.2. <a href="#Q4.3.2.">FreeBSD claims to + support the 3Com PCMCIA card, but my card isn't + recognized when it's plugged into my laptop.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.3. <a href="#Q4.3.3.">FreeBSD finds my PCMCIA + network card, but no packets appear to be sent even + though it claims to be working.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.4. <a href="#Q4.3.4.">The system finds my + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span> network card, but + I keep getting device timeout errors.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.5. <a href="#Q4.3.5.">I have a + Matsushita/Panasonic drive but it isn't recognized by + the system.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.6. <a href="#Q4.3.6.">I booted the install + floppy on my IBM ThinkPad (tm) laptop, and the + keyboard is all messed up.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.7. <a href="#Q4.3.7.">When I try to boot the + install floppy, I see the following message and + nothing seems to be happening. I cannot enter + anything from the keyboard either.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.8. <a href="#Q4.3.8.">I have a + Matsushita/Panasonic CR-522, a Matsushita/Panasonic + CR-523 or a TEAC CD55a drive, but it is not + recognized even when the correct I/O port is + set.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.9. <a href="#Q4.3.9.">I'm trying to install + from a tape drive but all I get is something like + this on the screen:</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.10. <a href="#Q4.3.10.">I've installed + FreeBSD onto my system, but it hangs when booting + from the hard drive with the message:</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.11. <a href="#Q4.3.11.">My system can not + find my Intel EtherExpress 16 card.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.12. <a href="#Q4.3.12.">When installing on an + EISA HP Netserver, my on-board AIC-7xxx SCSI + controller isn't detected.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.13. <a href="#Q4.3.13.">I have a Panasonic + AL-N1 or Rios Chandler Pentium machine and I find + that the system hangs before ever getting into the + installation now.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.14. <a href="#Q4.3.14.">I have this CMD640 + IDE controller that is said to be broken.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.15. <a href="#Q4.3.15.">On a Compaq Aero + notebook, I get the message ``No floppy devices + found! Please check ...'' when trying to install from + floppy.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.16. <a href="#Q4.3.16.">When I go to boot my + Intel AL440LX (``Atlanta'') -based system from the + hard disk the first time, it stops with a <tt class= + "LITERAL">Read Error</tt> message.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.17. <a href="#Q4.3.17.">When installing on an + Dell Poweredge XE, Dell proprietary RAID controller + DSA (Dell SCSI Array) isn't recognized.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.18. <a href="#Q4.3.18.">My Ethernet adapter + is detected as an AMD PCnet-FAST (or similar) but it + doesn't work. (Eg. onboard Ethernet on IBM Netfinity + 5xxx or 7xxx)</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.19. <a href="#Q4.3.19.">I have an IBM + EtherJet PCI card, it is detected by the <span class= + "CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span> driver + correctly, but the lights on the card don't come on + and it doesn't connect to the network.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.20. <a href="#Q4.3.20.">When I configure the + network during installation on an IBM Netfinity 3500, + the system freezes.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.21. <a href="#Q4.3.21.">When I install onto a + drive managed by a Mylex PCI RAID controller, the + system fails to boot (eg. with a <tt class= + "LITERAL">read error</tt> message).</a></dt> + </dl> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.1."></a><b>4.3.1.</b> The <span + class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mcd</span>(4)</span> driver keeps + thinking that it has found a device and this stops + my Intel EtherExpress card from working.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Use the UserConfig utility (see <tt + class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>) and disable the + probing of the <tt class="DEVICENAME">mcd0</tt> and + <tt class="DEVICENAME">mcd1</tt> devices. Generally + speaking, you should only leave the devices that + you will be using enabled in your kernel.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.2."></a><b>4.3.2.</b> FreeBSD + claims to support the 3Com PCMCIA card, but my card + isn't recognized when it's plugged into my + laptop.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>There are a couple of possible problems. + First of all, FreeBSD does not support + multi-function cards, so if you have a combo + Ethernet/modem card (such as the 3C562), it won't + work. The default driver for the 3C589 card was + written just like all of the other drivers in + FreeBSD, and depend on the card's own configuration + data stored in NVRAM to work. You must correctly + configure FreeBSD's driver to match the IRQ, port, + and IOMEM stored in NVRAM.</p> + + <p>Unfortunately, the only program capable of + reading them is the 3COM supplied DOS program. This + program must be run on a absolutely clean system + (no other drivers must be running), and the program + will whine about CARD-Services not being found, but + it will continue. This is necessary to read the + NVRAM values. You want to know the IRQ, port, and + IOMEM values (the latter is called the CIS tuple by + 3COM). The first two can be set in the program, the + third is un-settable, and can only be read. Once + you have these values, set them in UserConfig and + your card will be recognized.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.3."></a><b>4.3.3.</b> FreeBSD + finds my PCMCIA network card, but no packets appear + to be sent even though it claims to be working.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Many PCMCIA cards have the ability to use + either the 10-Base2 (BNC) or 10-BaseT connectors + for connecting to the network. The driver is unable + to ``auto-select'' the correct connector, so you + must tell it which connector to use. In order to + switch between the two connectors, the link flags + must be set. Depending on the model of the card, + <tt class="OPTION">-link0 link1</tt> or <tt class= + "OPTION">-link0 -link1</tt> will choose the correct + network connector. You can set these in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> by + using the <tt class="LITERAL">Extra options to + ifconfig:</tt> field in the network setup + screen.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.4."></a><b>4.3.4.</b> The system + finds my <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span> network card, + but I keep getting device timeout errors.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Your card is probably on a different IRQ + from what is specified in the kernel configuration. + The ed driver does not use the `soft' configuration + by default (values entered using EZSETUP in DOS), + but it will use the software configuration if you + specify <tt class="LITERAL">?</tt> in the IRQ field + of your kernel config file.</p> + + <p>Either move the jumper on the card to a hard + configuration setting (altering the kernel settings + if necessary), or specify the IRQ as <tt class= + "LITERAL">-1</tt> in UserConfig or <tt class= + "LITERAL">?</tt> in your kernel config file. This + will tell the kernel to use the soft + configuration.</p> + + <p>Another possibility is that your card is at IRQ + 9, which is shared by IRQ 2 and frequently a cause + of problems (especially when you have a VGA card + using IRQ 2!). You should not use IRQ 2 or 9 if at + all possible.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.5."></a><b>4.3.5.</b> I have a + Matsushita/Panasonic drive but it isn't recognized + by the system.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Make certain that the I/O port that the + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=matcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">matcd</span>(4)</span></a> driver + is set to is correct for the host interface card + you have. (Some SoundBlaster DOS drivers report a + hardware I/O port address for the CD-ROM interface + that is 0x10 lower than it really is.)</p> + + <p>If you are unable to determine the settings for + the card by examining the board or documentation, + you can use UserConfig to change the 'port' address + (I/O port) to -1 and start the system. This setting + causes the driver to look at a number of I/O ports + that various manufacturers use for their + Matsushita/Panasonic/Creative CD-ROM interfaces. + Once the driver locates the address, you should run + UserConfig again and specify the correct address. + Leaving the 'port' parameter set to -1 increases + the amount of time that it takes the system to + boot, and this could interfere with other + devices.</p> + + <p>The double-speed Matsushita CR-562 and CR-563 + are the only drives that are supported.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.6."></a><b>4.3.6.</b> I booted the + install floppy on my IBM ThinkPad (tm) laptop, and + the keyboard is all messed up.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Older IBM laptops use a non-standard + keyboard controller, so you must tell the keyboard + driver (atkbd0) to go into a special mode which + works on the ThinkPads. Change the atkbd0 'Flags' + to 0x4 in UserConfig and it should work fine. (Look + in the Input Menu for 'Keyboard'.)</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.7."></a><b>4.3.7.</b> When I try + to boot the install floppy, I see the following + message and nothing seems to be happening. I cannot + enter anything from the keyboard either.</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + Keyboard: no +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Due to lack of space, full support for + old XT/AT (84-key) keyboards is no longer available + in the bootblocks. Some notebook computers may also + have this type of keyboard. If you are still using + this kind of hardware, you will see the above + message appears when you boot from the CD-ROM or an + install floppy.</p> + + <p>As soon as you see this message, hit the space + bar, and you will see the prompt:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + >> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT + Default: x:xx(x,x)/boot/loader + boot: +</pre> + + <p>Then enter <tt class= + "USERINPUT"><b>-Dh</b></tt>, and things should + proceed normally.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.8."></a><b>4.3.8.</b> I have a + Matsushita/Panasonic CR-522, a Matsushita/Panasonic + CR-523 or a TEAC CD55a drive, but it is not + recognized even when the correct I/O port is + set.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>These CD-ROM drives are currently not + supported by FreeBSD. The command sets for these + drives are not compatible with the double-speed + CR-562 and CR-563 drives.</p> + + <p>The single-speed CR-522 and CR-523 drives can be + identified by their use of a CD-caddy.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.9."></a><b>4.3.9.</b> I'm trying + to install from a tape drive but all I get is + something like this on the screen:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + sa0(aha0:1:0) NOT READY csi 40,0,0,0 +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>There's a limitation in the current <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> + that the tape <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">must</i></span> be in the drive while <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> is + started or it won't be detected. Try again with the + tape in the drive the whole time.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.10."></a><b>4.3.10.</b> I've + installed FreeBSD onto my system, but it hangs when + booting from the hard drive with the message:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + Changing root to /dev/da0a +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>his problem may occur in a system with a + 3com 3c509 Ethernet adapter. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ep&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ep</span>(4)</span></a> device + driver appears to be sensitive to probes for other + devices that also use address 0x300. Boot your + FreeBSD system by power cycling the machine (turn + off and on). At the <tt class="LITERAL">Boot:</tt> + prompt specify the <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt>. This + will invoke UserConfig (see <a href= + "#REPAIRING">Section 4.1</a> above). Use the <tt + class="LITERAL">disable</tt> command to disable the + device probes for all devices at address 0x300 + except the ep0 driver. On exit, your machine should + successfully boot FreeBSD.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.11."></a><b>4.3.11.</b> My system + can not find my Intel EtherExpress 16 card.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>You must set your Intel EtherExpress 16 + card to be memory mapped at address 0xD0000, and + set the amount of mapped memory to 32K using the + Intel supplied <tt class= + "FILENAME">softset.exe</tt> program.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.12."></a><b>4.3.12.</b> When + installing on an EISA HP Netserver, my on-board + AIC-7xxx SCSI controller isn't detected.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>This is a known problem, and will + hopefully be fixed in the future. In order to get + your system installed at all, boot with the <tt + class="OPTION">-c</tt> option into UserConfig, but + <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">don't</i></span> use the pretty visual + mode but the plain old CLI mode. Type:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>eisa 12</b></tt> + <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>quit</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>at the prompt. (Instead of `quit', you might + also type `visual', and continue the rest of the + configuration session in visual mode.) While it's + recommended to compile a custom kernel, dset now + also understands to save this value.</p> + + <p>Refer to the FAQ topic 3.16 for an explanation + of the problem, and for how to continue. Remember + that you can find the FAQ on your local system in + /usr/share/doc/FAQ, provided you have installed the + `doc' distribution.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.13."></a><b>4.3.13.</b> I have a + Panasonic AL-N1 or Rios Chandler Pentium machine + and I find that the system hangs before ever + getting into the installation now.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Your machine doesn't like the new <tt + class="LITERAL">i586_copyout</tt> and <tt class= + "LITERAL">i586_copyin</tt> code for some reason. To + disable this, boot the installation boot floppy and + when it comes to the very first menu (the choice to + drop into kernel UserConfig mode or not) choose the + command-line interface (``expert mode'') version + and type the following at it:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>flags npx0 1</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>Then proceed normally to boot. This will be + saved into your kernel, so you only need to do it + once.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.14."></a><b>4.3.14.</b> I have + this CMD640 IDE controller that is said to be + broken.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Yes, it is. FreeBSD does not support this + controller except through the legacy wdc + driver.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.15."></a><b>4.3.15.</b> On a + Compaq Aero notebook, I get the message ``No floppy + devices found! Please check ...'' when trying to + install from floppy.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>With Compaq being always a little + different from other systems, they do not announce + their floppy drive in the CMOS RAM of an Aero + notebook. Therefore, the floppy disk driver assumes + there is no drive configured. Go to the UserConfig + screen, and set the Flags value of the fdc0 device + to 0x1. This pretends the existence of the first + floppy drive (as a 1.44 MB drive) to the driver + without asking the CMOS at all.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.16."></a><b>4.3.16.</b> When I go + to boot my Intel AL440LX (``Atlanta'') -based + system from the hard disk the first time, it stops + with a <tt class="LITERAL">Read Error</tt> + message.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>There appears to be a bug in the BIOS on + at least some of these boards, this bug results in + the FreeBSD bootloader thinking that it is booting + from a floppy disk. This is only a problem if you + are not using the BootEasy boot manager. Slice the + disk in ``compatible''mode and install BootEasy + during the FreeBSD installation to avoid the bug, + or upgrade the BIOS (see Intel's web site for + details).</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.17."></a><b>4.3.17.</b> When + installing on an Dell Poweredge XE, Dell + proprietary RAID controller DSA (Dell SCSI Array) + isn't recognized.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Configure the DSA to use AHA-1540 + emulation using EISA configuration utility. After + that FreeBSD detects the DSA as an Adaptec AHA-1540 + SCSI controller, with irq 11 and port 340. Under + emulation mode system will use DSA RAID disks, but + you cannot use DSA-specific features such as + watching RAID health.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.18."></a><b>4.3.18.</b> My + Ethernet adapter is detected as an AMD PCnet-FAST + (or similar) but it doesn't work. (Eg. onboard + Ethernet on IBM Netfinity 5xxx or 7xxx)</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> driver is + currently faulty, and will often not work correctly + with the PCnet-FAST and PCnet-FAST+. You need to + install a different Ethernet adapter.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.19."></a><b>4.3.19.</b> I have an + IBM EtherJet PCI card, it is detected by the <span + class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span> driver + correctly, but the lights on the card don't come on + and it doesn't connect to the network.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>We don't understand why this happens. + Neither do IBM (we asked them). The card is a + standard Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 with an IBM + label on it, and these cards normally work just + fine. You may see these symptoms only in some IBM + Netfinity servers. The only solution is to install + a different Ethernet adapter.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.20."></a><b>4.3.20.</b> When I + configure the network during installation on an IBM + Netfinity 3500, the system freezes.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>There is a problem with the onboard + Ethernet in the Netfinity 3500 which we have not + been able to identify at this time. It may be + related to the SMP features of the system being + misconfigured. You will have to install another + Ethernet adapter and avoid attempting to configure + the onboard adapter at any time.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.21."></a><b>4.3.21.</b> When I + install onto a drive managed by a Mylex PCI RAID + controller, the system fails to boot (eg. with a + <tt class="LITERAL">read error</tt> message).</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>There is a bug in the Mylex driver which + results in it ignoring the ``8GB'' geometry mode + setting in the BIOS. Use the 2GB mode instead.</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <hr> + + <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related + documents, can be downloaded from <a href= + "ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> + before contacting <<a href= + "mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 5-CURRENT + should subscribe to the <<a href= + "mailto:current@FreeBSD.org">current@FreeBSD.org</a>> + mailing list.</small></small></p> + + <p align="center">For questions about this documentation, + e-mail <<a href= + "mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</p> + <br> + <br> + </body> +</html> + diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/installation-i386.html b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/installation-i386.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c9d484a14e --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/installation-i386.html @@ -0,0 +1,2287 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> + <head> + <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"> + <title>FreeBSD/i386 5.0-DP1 Installation Instructions</title> + <meta name="GENERATOR" content= + "Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 "> + <link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css"> + </head> + + <body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link= + "#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> + <div class="ARTICLE"> + <div class="TITLEPAGE"> + <h1 class="TITLE"><a name="AEN2">FreeBSD/i386 5.0-DP1 + Installation Instructions</a></h1> + + <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3> + + <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 by + The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p> + <hr> + </div> + + <blockquote class="ABSTRACT"> + <div class="ABSTRACT"> + <a name="AEN10"></a> + + <p>This article gives some brief instructions on + installing FreeBSD/i386 5.0-DP1, with particular emphasis + given to obtaining a FreeBSD distribution. Some notes on + troubleshooting and frequently-asked questions are also + given.</p> + </div> + </blockquote> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN12">1 Installing + FreeBSD</a></h1> + + <p>This section documents the process of installing a new + distribution of FreeBSD. These instructions pay particular + emphasis to the process of obtaining the FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 + distribution and to beginning the installation procedure. + The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install.html" + target="_top">``Installing FreeBSD''</a> chapter of the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" + target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a> provides more in-depth + information about the installation program itself, + including a guided walkthrough with screenshots.</p> + + <p>If you are upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, + please see <a href="#UPGRADING">Section 3</a> for + instructions on upgrading.</p> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1 Getting + Started</a></h2> + + <p>Probably the most important pre-installation step that + can be taken is that of reading the various instruction + documents provided with FreeBSD. A roadmap of documents + pertaining to this release of FreeBSD can be found in <tt + class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>, which can usually be + found in the same location as this file; most of these + documents, such as the release notes and the hardware + compatibility list, are also accessible in the + Documentation menu of the installer.</p> + + <p>Note that on-line versions of the FreeBSD <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/" + target="_top">FAQ</a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" + target="_top">Handbook</a> are also available from the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">FreeBSD + Project Web site</a>, if you have an Internet + connection.</p> + + <p>This collection of documents may seem daunting, but + the time spent reading them will likely be saved many + times over. Being familiar with what resources are + available can also be helpful in the event of problems + during installation.</p> + + <p>The best laid plans sometimes go awry, so if you run + into trouble take a look at <a href="#TROUBLE">Section + 4</a>, which contains valuable troubleshooting + information. You should also read an updated copy of <tt + class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> before installing, since + this will alert you to any problems which have reported + in the interim for your particular release.</p> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> While FreeBSD does its best to + safeguard against accidental loss of data, it's still + more than possible to <span class="emphasis"><i + class="EMPHASIS">wipe out your entire disk</i></span> + with this installation if you make a mistake. Please + do not proceed to the final FreeBSD installation menu + unless you've adequately backed up any important data + first.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN35">1.2 Hardware + Requirements</a></h2> + + <p>FreeBSD for the IA-32 requires a 386 or better + processor to run (sorry, there is no support for 286 + processors) and at least 5 megs of RAM to install and 4 + megs of RAM to run. You will need at least 100MB of free + hard drive space for the most minimal installation. See + below for ways of shrinking existing DOS partitions in + order to install FreeBSD.</p> + + <p>If you are not familiar with configuring hardware for + FreeBSD, you should be sure to read the <tt class= + "FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> file; it contains important + information on what hardware is supported by FreeBSD.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="FLOPPIES">1.3 Floppy Disk + Image Instructions</a></h2> + + <p>Depending on how you choose to install FreeBSD, you + may need to create a set of floppy disks (usually two) to + begin the installation process. This section briefly + describes how to create these disks, either from a CDROM + installation or from the Internet. Note that in the + common case of installing FreeBSD from CDROM, on a + machine that supports bootable CDROMs, the steps outlined + in this section will not be needed and can be + skipped.</p> + + <p>For a normal CDROM or network installation, all you + need to copy onto actual floppies from the <tt class= + "FILENAME">floppies/</tt> directory are the <tt class= + "FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt> images (for 1.44MB + floppies).</p> + + <p>Getting these images over the network is easy. Simply + fetch the <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>release</i></tt><tt + class="FILENAME">/floppies/kern.flp</tt> and <tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>release</i></tt><tt class= + "FILENAME">/floppies/mfsroot.flp</tt> files from <a href= + "ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" target= + "_top">ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a> or one + of the many mirrors listed at <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html" + target="_top">FTP Sites</a> section of the Handbook, or + on the <a href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/" target= + "_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a> Web pages.</p> + + <p>Get two blank, freshly formatted floppies and image + copy <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> onto one and <tt + class="FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt> onto the other. These + images are <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">not</i></span> DOS files. You cannot simply + copy them to a DOS or UFS floppy as regular files, you + need to ``image'' copy them to the floppy with <tt class= + "FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> under DOS (see the <tt class= + "FILENAME">tools</tt> directory on your CDROM or FreeBSD + FTP mirror) or the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> command in + UNIX.</p> + + <p>For example, to create the kernel floppy image from + DOS, you'd do something like this:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">C></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>fdimage kern.flp a:</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>Assuming that you'd copied <tt class= + "FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> into a directory somewhere. You + would do the same for <tt class= + "FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt>, of course.</p> + + <p>If you're creating the boot floppy from a UNIX + machine, you may find that:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>dd if=floppies/kern.flp of=/dev/rfd0</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>or</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>dd if=floppies/kern.flp of=/dev/floppy</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>work well, depending on your hardware and operating + system environment (different versions of UNIX have + different names for the floppy drive).</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4 + Installing FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet</a></h2> + + <p>The easiest type of installation is from CDROM. If you + have a supported CDROM drive and a FreeBSD installation + CDROM, there are 2 ways of starting the installation from + it:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>If your system supports bootable CDROM media + (usually an option which can be selectively enabled + in the controller's setup menu or in the PC BIOS for + some systems) and you have it enabled, FreeBSD + supports the ``El Torito'' bootable CD standard. + Simply put the installation CD in your CDROM drive + and boot the system to begin installation.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Build a set of FreeBSD boot floppies from the <tt + class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> directory in every + FreeBSD distribution. Either simply use the <tt + class="FILENAME">makeflp.bat</tt> script from DOS or + read <a href="#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a> for more + information on creating the bootable floppies under + different operating systems. Then you simply boot + from the first floppy and you should soon be in the + FreeBSD installation.</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>If you don't have a CDROM (or your computer does not + support booting from CDROM) and would like to simply + install over the net using PPP, SLIP or a dedicated + connection. You should start the installation by building + a set of FreeBSD boot floppies from the files <tt class= + "FILENAME">floppies/kern.flp</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">floppies/mfsroot.flp</tt> using the + instructions found in <a href="#FLOPPIES">Section + 1.3</a>. Restart your computer using the <tt class= + "FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> disk; when prompted, insert the + <tt class="FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt> disk. Then, please + go to <a href="#FTPNFS">Section 1.5.5</a> for additional + tips on installing via FTP or NFS.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN128">1.5 Detail on various + installation types</a></h2> + + <p>Once you've gotten yourself to the initial + installation screen somehow, you should be able to follow + the various menu prompts and go from there. If you've + never used the FreeBSD installation before, you are also + encouraged to read some of the documentation in the + Documentation submenu as well as the general ``Usage'' + instructions on the first menu.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> If you get stuck at a screen, press + the <b class="KEYCAP">F1</b> key for online + documentation relevant to that specific section.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>If you've never installed FreeBSD before, or even if + you have, the ``Standard'' installation mode is the most + recommended since it makes sure that you'll visit all the + various important checklist items along the way. If + you're much more comfortable with the FreeBSD + installation process and know <span class="emphasis"><i + class="EMPHASIS">exactly</i></span> what you want to do, + use the ``Express'' or ``Custom'' installation options. + If you're upgrading an existing system, use the + ``Upgrade'' option.</p> + + <p>The FreeBSD installer supports the direct use of + floppy, DOS, tape, CDROM, FTP, NFS and UFS partitions as + installation media; further tips on installing from each + type of media are listed below.</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN167">1.5.1 Installing + from a Network CDROM</a></h3> + + <p>If you simply wish to install from a local CDROM + drive then see <a href="#START-INSTALLATION">Section + 1.4</a>. If you don't have a CDROM drive on your system + and wish to use a FreeBSD distribution CD in the CDROM + drive of another system to which you have network + connectivity, there are also several ways of going + about it:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>If you would be able to FTP install FreeBSD + directly from the CDROM drive in some FreeBSD + machine, it's quite easy: You simply add the + following line to the password file (using the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a> + command):</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin +</pre> + + <p>On the machine on which you are running the + install, go to the Options menu and set Release + Name to <tt class="LITERAL">any</tt>. You may then + choose a Media type of <tt class="LITERAL">FTP</tt> + and type in <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>machine</i></tt></tt> after + picking ``URL'' in the ftp sites menu.</p> + + <div class="WARNING"> + <blockquote class="WARNING"> + <p><b>Warning:</b> This may allow anyone on the + local network (or Internet) to make ``anonymous + FTP'' connections to this machine, which may + not be desirable.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </li> + + <li> + <p>If you would rather use NFS to export the CDROM + directly to the machine(s) you'll be installing + from, you need to first add an entry to the <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> file (on the + machine with the CDROM drive). The example below + allows the machine <tt class= + "HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> to mount the CDROM + directly via NFS during installation:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + /cdrom -ro ziggy.foo.com +</pre> + + <p>The machine with the CDROM must also be + configured as an NFS server, of course, and if + you're not sure how to do that then an NFS + installation is probably not the best choice for + you unless you're willing to read up on <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> and + configure things appropriately. Assuming that this + part goes smoothly, you should be able to enter: + <tt class="FILENAME"><tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>cdrom-host</i></tt>:/cdrom</tt> as + the path for an NFS installation when the target + machine is installed, e.g. <tt class= + "FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN199">1.5.2 Installing + from Floppies</a></h3> + + <p>If you must install from floppy disks, either due to + unsupported hardware or just because you enjoy doing + things the hard way, you must first prepare some + floppies for the install.</p> + + <p>First, make your boot floppies as described in <a + href="#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a>.</p> + + <p>Second, peruse <a href="#LAYOUT">Section 2</a> and + pay special attention to the ``Distribution Format'' + section since it describes which files you're going to + need to put onto floppy and which you can safely + skip.</p> + + <p>Next you will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB + floppies as it takes to hold all files in the <tt + class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution) + directory. If you're preparing these floppies under + DOS, then these floppies <span class="emphasis"><i + class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> be formatted using the + MS-DOS <tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt> command. If + you're using Windows, use the Windows File Manager + format command.</p> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> Frequently, floppy disks come + ``factory preformatted''. While convenient, many + problems reported by users in the past have + resulted from the use of improperly formatted + media. Re-format them yourself, just to make + sure.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>If you're creating the floppies from another FreeBSD + machine, a format is still not a bad idea though you + don't need to put a DOS filesystem on each floppy. You + can use the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> commands to + put a UFS filesystem on a floppy, as the following + sequence of commands illustrates:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440</b></tt> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3</b></tt> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/fd0</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>After you've formatted the floppies for DOS or UFS, + you'll need to copy the files onto them. The + distribution files are split into chunks conveniently + sized so that 5 of them will fit on a conventional + 1.44MB floppy. Go through all your floppies, packing as + many files as will fit on each one, until you've got + all the distributions you want packed up in this + fashion. Each distribution should go into its own + subdirectory on the floppy, e.g.: <tt class= + "FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> The <tt class= + "FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> file also needs to go on + the first floppy of the <tt class= + "FILENAME">bin</tt> set since it is read by the + installation program in order to figure out how + many additional pieces to look for when fetching + and concatenating the distribution. When putting + distributions onto floppies, the <tt class= + "FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> file <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> + occupy the first floppy of each distribution set. + This is also covered in <tt class= + "FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>Once you come to the Media screen of the install, + select ``Floppy'' and you'll be prompted for the + rest.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN241">1.5.3 Installing + from a DOS partition</a></h3> + + <p>To prepare for installation from an MS-DOS partition + you should simply copy the files from the distribution + into a directory called <tt class= + "FILENAME">FREEBSD</tt> on the Primary DOS partition + (<tt class="DEVICENAME">C:</tt>). For example, to do a + minimal installation of FreeBSD from DOS using files + copied from the CDROM, you might do something like + this:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">C:\></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>MD C:\FREEBSD</b></tt> + <tt class="PROMPT">C:\></tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>XCOPY /S E:\BIN C:\FREEBSD\BIN</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>Assuming that <tt class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> was + where your CD was mounted.</p> + + <p>For as many distributions as you wish to install + from DOS (and you have free space for), install each + one in a directory under <tt class= + "FILENAME">C:\FREEBSD</tt> - the <tt class= + "FILENAME">BIN</tt> dist is only the minimal + requirement.</p> + + <p>Once you've copied the directories, you can simply + launch the installation from floppies as normal and + select ``DOS'' as your media type when the time + comes.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN258">1.5.4 Installing + from QIC/SCSI Tape</a></h3> + + <p>When installing from tape, the installation program + expects the files to be simply tar'ed onto it, so after + fetching all of the files for the distributions you're + interested in, simply use <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> to get them + onto the tape with a command something like this:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>cd <tt +class="REPLACEABLE"><i>/where/you/have/your/dists</i></tt></b></tt> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>tar cvf /dev/rsa0 <tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>dist1</i></tt> .. <tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>dist2</i></tt></b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>When you go to do the installation, you should also + make sure that you leave enough room in some temporary + directory (which you'll be allowed to choose) to + accommodate the <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">full</i></span> contents of the tape you've + created. Due to the non-random access nature of tapes, + this method of installation requires quite a bit of + temporary storage. You should expect to require as much + temporary storage as you have stuff written on + tape.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> When going to do the installation, + the tape must be in the drive <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> + booting from the boot floppies. The installation + ``probe'' may otherwise fail to find it.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>Now create a boot floppy as described in <a href= + "#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a> and proceed with the + installation.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="FTPNFS">1.5.5 Installing + over a Network using FTP or NFS</a></h3> + + <p>After making the boot floppies as described in the + first section, you can load the rest of the + installation over a network using one of 3 types of + connections: serial port, parallel port, or + Ethernet.</p> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN283">1.5.5.1 Serial + Port</a></h4> + + <p>SLIP support is rather primitive, and is limited + primarily to hard-wired links, such as a serial cable + running between two computers. The link must be + hard-wired because the SLIP installation doesn't + currently offer a dialing capability. If you need to + dial out with a modem or otherwise dialog with the + link before connecting to it, then I recommend that + the PPP utility be used instead.</p> + + <p>If you're using PPP, make sure that you have your + Internet Service Provider's IP address and DNS + information handy as you'll need to know it fairly + early in the installation process. You may also need + to know your own IP address, though PPP supports + dynamic address negotiation and may be able to pick + up this information directly from your ISP if they + support it.</p> + + <p>You will also need to know how to use the various + ``AT commands'' for dialing out with your particular + brand of modem as the PPP dialer provides only a very + simple terminal emulator.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN289">1.5.5.2 Parallel + Port</a></h4> + + <p>If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD or + Linux machine is available, you might also consider + installing over a ``laplink'' style parallel port + cable. The data rate over the parallel port is much + higher than what is typically possible over a serial + line (up to 50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker + installation. It's not typically necessary to use + ``real'' IP addresses when using a point-to-point + parallel cable in this way and you can generally just + use RFC 1918 style addresses for the ends of the link + (e.g. <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class= + "HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, etc).</p> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> If you use a Linux machine + rather than a FreeBSD machine as your PLIP peer, + you will also have to specify <tt class= + "OPTION">link0</tt> in the TCP/IP setup screen's + ``extra options for ifconfig'' field in order to + be compatible with Linux's slightly different + PLIP protocol.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN300">1.5.5.3 + Ethernet</a></h4> + + <p>FreeBSD supports many common Ethernet cards; a + table of supported cards is provided as part of the + FreeBSD Hardware Notes (see <tt class= + "FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> in the Documentation + menu on the boot floppy or the top level directory of + the CDROM). If you are using one of the supported + PCMCIA Ethernet cards, also be sure that it's plugged + in <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">before</i></span> the laptop is powered + on. FreeBSD does not, unfortunately, currently + support ``hot insertion'' of PCMCIA cards during + installation.</p> + + <p>You will also need to know your IP address on the + network, the <tt class="OPTION">netmask</tt> value + for your subnet and the name of your machine. Your + system administrator can tell you which values are + appropriate to your particular network setup. If you + will be referring to other hosts by name rather than + IP address, you'll also need a name server and + possibly the address of a gateway (if you're using + PPP, it's your provider's IP address) to use in + talking to it. If you want to install by FTP via an + HTTP proxy (see below), you will also need the + proxy's address.</p> + + <p>If you do not know the answers to these questions + then you should really probably talk to your system + administrator <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">first</i></span> before trying this type + of installation. Using a randomly chosen IP address + or netmask on a live network is almost guaranteed not + to work, and will probably result in a lecture from + said system administrator.</p> + + <p>Once you have a network connection of some sort + working, the installation can continue over NFS or + FTP.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN311">1.5.5.4 NFS + installation tips</a></h4> + + <p>NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: + Simply copy the FreeBSD distribution files you want + onto a server somewhere and then point the NFS media + selection at it.</p> + + <p>If this server supports only ``privileged port'' + access (this is generally the default for Sun and + Linux workstations), you will need to set this option + in the Options menu before installation can + proceed.</p> + + <p>If you have a poor quality Ethernet card which + suffers from very slow transfer rates, you may also + wish to toggle the appropriate Options flag.</p> + + <p>In order for NFS installation to work, the server + must also support ``subdir mounts'', e.g. if your + FreeBSD distribution directory lives on <tt class= + "FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, + then <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt> will have to allow + the direct mounting of <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, not just + <tt class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> or <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p> + + <p>In FreeBSD's <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> file this is controlled + by the <tt class="OPTION">-alldirs</tt> option. Other + NFS servers may have different conventions. If you + are getting <tt class="LITERAL">Permission + Denied</tt> messages from the server then it's likely + that you don't have this properly enabled.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN328">1.5.5.5 FTP + Installation tips</a></h4> + + <p>FTP installation may be done from any mirror site + containing a reasonably up-to-date version of + FreeBSD. A full menu of reasonable choices for almost + any location in the world is provided in the FTP site + menu during installation.</p> + + <p>If you are installing from some other FTP site not + listed in this menu, or you are having troubles + getting your name server configured properly, you can + also specify your own URL by selecting the ``URL'' + choice in that menu. A URL can contain a hostname or + an IP address, so something like the following would + work in the absence of a name server:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/4.2-RELEASE +</pre> + + <p>There are three FTP installation modes you can + use:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>FTP: This method uses the standard ``Active'' + mode for transfers, in which the server initiates + a connection to the client. This will not work + through most firewalls but will often work best + with older FTP servers that do not support + passive mode. If your connection hangs with + passive mode, try this one.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>FTP Passive: This sets the FTP "Passive" mode + which prevents the server from opening + connections to the client. This option is best + for users to pass through firewalls that do not + allow incoming connections on random port + addresses.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>FTP via an HTTP proxy: This option instructs + FreeBSD to use HTTP to connect to a proxy for all + FTP operations. The proxy will translate the + requests and send them to the FTP server. This + allows the user to pass through firewalls that do + not allow FTP at all, but offer an HTTP proxy. + You must specify the hostname of the proxy in + addition to the FTP server.</p> + + <p>In the rare case that you have an FTP proxy + that does not go through HTTP, you can specify + the URL as something like:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>ftp://foo.bar.com:<tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt>/pub/FreeBSD</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>In the URL above, <tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt> is the port number + of the proxy FTP server.</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN349">1.5.6 Tips for + Serial Console Users</a></h3> + + <p>If you'd like to install FreeBSD on a machine using + just a serial port (e.g. you don't have or wish to use + a VGA card), please follow these steps:</p> + + <div class="PROCEDURE"> + <ol type="1"> + <li> + <p>Connect some sort of ANSI (vt100) compatible + terminal or terminal emulation program to the <tt + class="DEVICENAME">COM1</tt> port of the PC you + are installing FreeBSD onto.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Unplug the keyboard (yes, that's correct!) and + then try to boot from floppy or the installation + CDROM, depending on the type of installation + media you have, with the keyboard unplugged.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>If you don't get any output on your serial + console, plug the keyboard in again and wait for + some beeps. If you are booting from the CDROM, + proceed to <a href="#HITSPACE">step 5</a> as soon + as you hear the beep.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>For a floppy boot, the first beep means to + remove the <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> + floppy and insert the <tt class= + "FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt> floppy, after which + you should press <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> and + wait for another beep.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <a name="HITSPACE"></a> + + <p>Hit the space bar, then enter</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>boot -h</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>and you should now definitely be seeing + everything on the serial port. If that still + doesn't work, check your serial cabling as well + as the settings on your terminal emulation + program or actual terminal device. It should be + set for 9600 baud, 8 bits, no parity.</p> + </li> + </ol> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN371">1.6 Question and + Answer Section for IA-32 Architecture Users</a></h2> + + <div class="QANDASET"> + <dl> + <dt>1.6.1. <a href="#Q1.6.1.">Help! I have no space! + Do I need to delete everything first?</a></dt> + + <dt>1.6.2. <a href="#Q1.6.2.">Can I use compressed + DOS filesystems from FreeBSD?</a></dt> + + <dt>1.6.3. <a href="#Q1.6.3.">Can I mount my DOS + extended partitions?</a></dt> + + <dt>1.6.4. <a href="#Q1.6.4.">Can I run DOS binaries + under FreeBSD?</a></dt> + </dl> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q1.6.1."></a><b>1.6.1.</b> Help! I have + no space! Do I need to delete everything first?</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>If your machine is already running DOS + and has little or no free space available for + FreeBSD's installation, all is not lost! You may + find the <b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> utility, + provided in the <tt class="FILENAME">tools/</tt> + subdirectory on the FreeBSD CDROM or on the various + FreeBSD ftp sites, to be quite useful.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> allows you to + split an existing DOS partition into two pieces, + preserving the original partition and allowing you + to install onto the second free piece. You first + ``defrag'' your DOS partition, using the DOS 6.xx + <tt class="FILENAME">DEFRAG</tt> utility or the <b + class="APPLICATION">Norton Disk Tools</b>, then run + FIPS. It will prompt you for the rest of the + information it needs. Afterwards, you can reboot + and install FreeBSD on the new partition. Also note + that FIPS will create the second partition as a + ``clone'' of the first, so you'll actually see that + you now have two DOS Primary partitions where you + formerly had one. Don't be alarmed! You can simply + delete the extra DOS Primary partition (making sure + it's the right one by examining its size).</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> does NOT + currently work with FAT32 or VFAT style partitions + as used by newer versions of Windows 95. To split + up such a partition, you will need a commercial + product such as <b class="APPLICATION">Partition + Magic</b>. Sorry, but this is just the breaks if + you've got a Windows partition hogging your whole + disk and you don't want to reinstall from + scratch.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q1.6.2."></a><b>1.6.2.</b> Can I use + compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD?</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>No. If you are using a utility such as <b + class="APPLICATION">Stacker</b>(tm) or <b class= + "APPLICATION">DoubleSpace</b>(tm), FreeBSD will + only be able to use whatever portion of the + filesystem you leave uncompressed. The rest of the + filesystem will show up as one large file (the + stacked/dblspaced file!). <span class="emphasis"><i + class="EMPHASIS">Do not remove that file</i></span> + as you will probably regret it greatly!</p> + + <p>It is probably better to create another + uncompressed DOS extended partition and use this + for communications between DOS and FreeBSD if such + is your desire.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q1.6.3."></a><b>1.6.3.</b> Can I mount + my DOS extended partitions?</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Yes. DOS extended partitions are mapped + in at the end of the other ``slices'' in FreeBSD, + e.g. your <tt class="DEVICENAME">D:</tt> drive + might be <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s5</tt>, your + <tt class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> drive <tt class= + "FILENAME">/dev/da0s6</tt>, and so on. This example + assumes, of course, that your extended partition is + on SCSI drive 0. For IDE drives, substitute <tt + class="LITERAL">ad</tt> for <tt class= + "LITERAL">da</tt> appropriately. You otherwise + mount extended partitions exactly like you would + mount any other DOS drive, e.g.:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>mount -t msdos /dev/da0s5 /dos_d</b></tt> +</pre> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q1.6.4."></a><b>1.6.4.</b> Can I run + DOS binaries under FreeBSD?</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Ongoing work with BSDI's <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=doscmd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">doscmd</span>(1)</span></a> utility + will suffice in many cases, though it still has + some rough edges. If you're interested in working + on this, please send mail to the FreeBSD-emulation + mailing list <tt class="EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:freebsd-emulation@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-emulation@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt> + and indicate that you're interested in joining this + ongoing effort!</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/pcemu/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">emulators/pcemu</tt></a> + port/package in the FreeBSD Ports Collection which + emulates an 8088 and enough BIOS services to run + DOS text mode applications. It requires the X + Window System (XFree86) to operate.</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="LAYOUT">2 Distribution + Format</a></h1> + + <p>A typical FreeBSD distribution directory looks something + like this:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + ERRATA.HTM README.TXT compat1x dict manpages + ERRATA.TXT RELNOTES.HTM compat20 doc packages + HARDWARE.HTM RELNOTES.TXT compat21 docbook.css ports + HARDWARE.TXT XF86336 compat22 floppies proflibs + INSTALL.HTM bin compat3x games src + INSTALL.TXT catpages compat4x info tools + README.HTM cdrom.inf crypto kernel +</pre> + + <p>If you want to do a CDROM, FTP or NFS installation from + this distribution directory, all you need to do is make the + 1.44MB boot floppies from the floppies directory (see <a + href="#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a> for instructions on how to + do this), boot them and follow the instructions. The rest + of the data needed during the installation will be obtained + automatically based on your selections. If you've never + installed FreeBSD before, you also want to read the + entirety of this document (the installation instructions) + file.</p> + + <p>If you're trying to do some other type of installation + or are merely curious about how a distribution is + organized, what follows is a more thorough description of + each item in more detail:</p> + + <ol type="1"> + <li> + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> files contain documentation (for + example, this document is contained in both <tt class= + "FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>) and should be read before + starting an installation. The <tt class= + "FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> files are plain text, while the + <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> files are HTML files + that can be read by almost any Web browser. Some + distributions may contain documentation in other + formats as well, such as PDF or PostScript.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> is a Cascading + Style Sheet (CSS) file used by some Web browsers for + formatting the HTML documentation.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">XF86336</tt> directory + contains the XFree86 project's 3.3.6 release and + consists of a series of gzip'd tar files which contain + each component of the XFree86 distribution.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, + <tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>, + <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, and <tt class= + "FILENAME">src</tt> directories contain the primary + distribution components of FreeBSD itself and are split + into smaller files for easy packing onto floppies + (should that be necessary).</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, and <tt class= + "FILENAME">compat4x</tt> directories contain + distributions for compatibility with older releases and + are distributed as single gzip'd tar files - they can + be installed during release time or later by running + their <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> scripts.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> subdirectory + contains the floppy installation images; further + information on using them can be found in <a href= + "#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a>.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> and <tt + class="FILENAME">ports</tt> directories contain the + FreeBSD Packages and Ports Collections. Packages may be + installed from the packages directory by running the + command:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt><tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>/stand/sysinstall configPackages</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>Packages can also be installed by feeding individual + filenames in <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ to the + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> + command.</p> + + <p>The Ports Collection may be installed like any other + distribution and requires about 100MB unpacked. More + information on the ports collection may be obtained + from <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/" target= + "_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/</a> or locally + from <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> + if you've installed the <tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt> + distribution.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Last of all, the <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> + directory contains various DOS tools for discovering + disk geometries, installing boot managers and the like. + It is purely optional and provided only for user + convenience.</p> + </li> + </ol> + <br> + <br> + + <p>A typical distribution directory (for example, the <tt + class="FILENAME">info</tt> distribution) looks like this + internally:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + CHECKSUM.MD5 info.ab info.ad info.inf install.sh + info.aa info.ac info.ae info.mtree +</pre> + + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> file contains + MD5 signatures for each file, should data corruption be + suspected, and is purely for reference. It is not used by + the actual installation and does not need to be copied with + the rest of the distribution files. The <tt class= + "FILENAME">info.a*</tt> files are split, gzip'd tar files, + the contents of which can be viewed by doing:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>During installation, they are automatically concatenated + and extracted by the installation procedure.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> file is also + necessary since it is read by the installation program in + order to figure out how many pieces to look for when + fetching and concatenating the distribution. When putting + distributions onto floppies, the <tt class= + "FILENAME">.inf</tt> file <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">must</i></span> occupy the first floppy of each + distribution set!</p> + + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> file is another + non-essential file which is provided for user reference. It + contains the MD5 signatures of the <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">unpacked</i></span> + distribution files and can be later used with the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> program to + verify the installation permissions and checksums against + any possible modifications to the file. When used with the + <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> distribution, this can be an + excellent way of detecting trojan horse attacks on your + system.</p> + + <p>Finally, the <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> file + is for use by those who want to install the distribution + after installation time. To install the info distribution + from CDROM after a system was installed, for example, you'd + do:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>cd /cdrom/info</b></tt> + <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>sh install.sh</b></tt> +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="UPGRADING">3 Upgrading + FreeBSD</a></h1> + + <p>These instructions describe a procedure for doing a + binary upgrade from an older version of FreeBSD.</p> + + <div class="WARNING"> + <blockquote class="WARNING"> + <p><b>Warning:</b> While the FreeBSD upgrade procedure + does its best to safeguard against accidental loss of + data, it is still more than possible to <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">wipe out your entire + disk</i></span> with this installation! Please do not + accept the final confirmation request unless you have + adequately backed up any important data files.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> These notes assume that you are + using the version of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> + supplied with the version of FreeBSD to which you + intend to upgrade. Using a mismatched version of <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> is + almost guaranteed to cause problems and has been known + to leave systems in an unusable state. The most + commonly made mistake in this regard is the use of an + old copy of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> from an + existing installation to upgrade to a newer version of + FreeBSD. This is <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">not</i></span> recommended.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN570">3.1 + Introduction</a></h2> + + <p>The upgrade procedure replaces distributions selected + by the user with those corresponding to the new FreeBSD + release. It preserves standard system configuration data, + as well as user data, installed packages and other + software.</p> + + <p>Administrators contemplating an upgrade are encouraged + to study this section in its entirety before commencing + an upgrade. Failure to do so may result in a failed + upgrade or loss of data.</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN574">3.1.1 Upgrade + Overview</a></h3> + + <p>Upgrading of a distribution is performed by + extracting the new version of the component over the + top of the previous version. Files belonging to the old + distribution are not deleted.</p> + + <p>System configuration is preserved by retaining and + restoring the previous version of the following + files:</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, + <tt class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, + <tt class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">kerberosIV</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">modems</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, + <tt class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, + <tt class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt class= + "FILENAME">uucp</tt></p> + + <p>The versions of these files which correspond to the + new version are moved to <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. The system administrator + may peruse these new versions and merge components as + desired. Note that many of these files are + interdependent, and the best merge procedure is to copy + all site-specific data from the current files into the + new.</p> + + <p>During the upgrade procedure, the administrator is + prompted for a location into which all files from <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt> are saved. In the event + that local modifications have been made to other files, + they may be subsequently retrieved from this + location.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN650">3.2 Procedure</a></h2> + + <p>This section details the upgrade procedure. Particular + attention is given to items which substantially differ + from a normal installation.</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN653">3.2.1 + Backup</a></h3> + + <p>User data and system configuration should be backed + up before upgrading. While the upgrade procedure does + its best to prevent accidental mistakes, it is possible + to partially or completely destroy data and + configuration information.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN656">3.2.2 Mount + Filesystems</a></h3> + + <p>The disklabel editor is entered with the nominated + disk's filesystem devices listed. Prior to commencing + the upgrade, the administrator should make a note of + the device names and corresponding mountpoints. These + mountpoints should be entered here. <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Do not</i></span>set the + ``newfs flag'' for any filesystems, as this will cause + data loss.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN661">3.2.3 Select + Distributions</a></h3> + + <p>When selecting distributions, there are no + constraints on which must be selected. As a general + rule, the <tt class="LITERAL">bin</tt> distribution + should be selected for an update, and the <tt class= + "LITERAL">man</tt> distribution if manpages are already + installed. Other distributions may be selected beyond + those originally installed if the administrator wishes + to add additional functionality.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="FSTAB">3.2.4 After + Installation</a></h3> + + <p>Once the installation procedure has completed, the + administrator is prompted to examine the new + configuration files. At this point, checks should be + made to ensure that the system configuration is valid. + In particular, the <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> files should be checked.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN671">3.3 Upgrading from + Source Code</a></h2> + + <p>Those interested in an upgrade method that allows more + flexibility and sophistication should take a look at <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html" + target="_top">The Cutting Edge</a> in the FreeBSD + Handbook. This procedure involves rebuilding all of + FreeBSD from source code. It requires reliable network + connectivity, extra disk space, and time, but has + advantages for networks and other more complex + installations. This is roughly the same procedure as is + used for track the -STABLE or -CURRENT development + branches.</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> contains + important information on updating a FreeBSD system from + source code. It lists various issues resulting from + changes in FreeBSD that may affect an upgrade.</p> + + <p></p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="TROUBLE">4 + Troubleshooting</a></h1> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="REPAIRING">4.1 Repairing an + Existing FreeBSD Installation</a></h2> + + <p>FreeBSD features a ``Fixit'' option in the top menu of + the boot floppy. To use it, you will also need either a + <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt> image floppy, + generated in the same fashion as the boot floppy, or the + ``live filesystem'' CDROM; typically the second CDROM in + a multi-disc FreeBSD distribution.</p> + + <p>To invoke fixit, simply boot the <tt class= + "FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> floppy, choose the ``Fixit'' + item and insert the fixit floppy or CDROM when asked. You + will then be placed into a shell with a wide variety of + commands available (in the <tt class= + "FILENAME">/stand</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt> directories) for checking, + repairing and examining filesystems and their contents. + Some UNIX administration experience <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">is</i></span> required to + use the fixit option.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN692">4.2 Common + Installation Problems, Q&A</a></h2> + + <div class="QANDASET"> + <dl> + <dt>4.2.1. <a href="#Q4.2.1.">I go to boot from the + hard disk for the first time after installing + FreeBSD, the kernel loads and probes my hardware, but + stops with messages like:</a></dt> + + <dt>4.2.2. <a href="#Q4.2.2.">I go to boot from the + hard disk for the first time after installing + FreeBSD, but the Boot Manager prompt just prints <tt + class="LITERAL">F?</tt> at the boot menu each time + but the boot won't go any further.</a></dt> + </dl> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.2.1."></a><b>4.2.1.</b> I go to boot + from the hard disk for the first time after + installing FreeBSD, the kernel loads and probes my + hardware, but stops with messages like:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + changing root device to wd1s1a panic: cannot mount root +</pre> + + <p>What is wrong? What can I do?</p> + + <p>What is this <tt class= + "LITERAL">bios_drive:interface(unit,partition)kernel_name</tt> + thing that is displayed with the boot help?</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>There is a longstanding problem in the + case where the boot disk is not the first disk in + the system. The BIOS uses a different numbering + scheme to FreeBSD, and working out which numbers + correspond to which is difficult to get right.</p> + + <p>In the case where the boot disk is not the first + disk in the system, FreeBSD can need some help + finding it. There are two common situations here, + and in both of these cases, you need to tell + FreeBSD where the root filesystem is. You do this + by specifying the BIOS disk number, the disk type + and the FreeBSD disk number for that type.</p> + + <p>The first situation is where you have two IDE + disks, each configured as the master on their + respective IDE busses, and wish to boot FreeBSD + from the second disk. The BIOS sees these as disk 0 + and disk 1, while FreeBSD sees them as <tt class= + "DEVICENAME">wd0</tt> and <tt class= + "DEVICENAME">wd2</tt>.</p> + + <p>FreeBSD is on BIOS disk 1, of type <tt class= + "LITERAL">wd</tt> and the FreeBSD disk number is 2, + so you would say:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>1:wd(2,a)kernel</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>Note that if you have a slave on the primary + bus, the above is not necessary (and is effectively + wrong).</p> + + <p>The second situation involves booting from a + SCSI disk when you have one or more IDE disks in + the system. In this case, the FreeBSD disk number + is lower than the BIOS disk number. If you have two + IDE disks as well as the SCSI disk, the SCSI disk + is BIOS disk 2, type <tt class="LITERAL">da</tt> + and FreeBSD disk number 0, so you would say:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>2:da(0,a)kernel</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>To tell FreeBSD that you want to boot from BIOS + disk 2, which is the first SCSI disk in the system. + If you only had one IDE disk, you would use '1:' + instead.</p> + + <p>Once you have determined the correct values to + use, you can put the command exactly as you would + have typed it in the <tt class= + "FILENAME">/boot.config</tt> file using a standard + text editor. Unless instructed otherwise, FreeBSD + will use the contents of this file as the default + response to the <tt class="LITERAL">boot:</tt> + prompt.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.2.2."></a><b>4.2.2.</b> I go to boot + from the hard disk for the first time after + installing FreeBSD, but the Boot Manager prompt + just prints <tt class="LITERAL">F?</tt> at the boot + menu each time but the boot won't go any + further.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>The hard disk geometry was set + incorrectly in the Partition editor when you + installed FreeBSD. Go back into the partition + editor and specify the actual geometry of your hard + disk. You must reinstall FreeBSD again from the + beginning with the correct geometry.</p> + + <p>If you are failing entirely in figuring out the + correct geometry for your machine, here's a tip: + Install a small DOS partition at the beginning of + the disk and install FreeBSD after that. The + install program will see the DOS partition and try + to infer the correct geometry from it, which + usually works.</p> + + <p>The following tip is no longer recommended, but + is left here for reference:</p> + <a name="AEN729"></a> + + <blockquote class="BLOCKQUOTE"> + <p>If you are setting up a truly dedicated + FreeBSD server or workstation where you don't + care for (future) compatibility with DOS, Linux + or another operating system, you've also got the + option to use the entire disk (`A' in the + partition editor), selecting the non-standard + option where FreeBSD occupies the entire disk + from the very first to the very last sector. This + will leave all geometry considerations aside, but + is somewhat limiting unless you're never going to + run anything other than FreeBSD on a disk.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN731">4.3 Known Hardware + Problems, Q&A</a></h2> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> Please send hardware tips for this + section to Jordan K. Hubbard <tt class= + "EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:jkh@FreeBSD.org">jkh@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt>.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <div class="QANDASET"> + <dl> + <dt>4.3.1. <a href="#Q4.3.1.">The <span class= + "CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mcd</span>(4)</span> driver keeps + thinking that it has found a device and this stops my + Intel EtherExpress card from working.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.2. <a href="#Q4.3.2.">FreeBSD claims to + support the 3Com PCMCIA card, but my card isn't + recognized when it's plugged into my laptop.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.3. <a href="#Q4.3.3.">FreeBSD finds my PCMCIA + network card, but no packets appear to be sent even + though it claims to be working.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.4. <a href="#Q4.3.4.">The system finds my + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span> network card, but + I keep getting device timeout errors.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.5. <a href="#Q4.3.5.">I have a + Matsushita/Panasonic drive but it isn't recognized by + the system.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.6. <a href="#Q4.3.6.">I booted the install + floppy on my IBM ThinkPad (tm) laptop, and the + keyboard is all messed up.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.7. <a href="#Q4.3.7.">When I try to boot the + install floppy, I see the following message and + nothing seems to be happening. I cannot enter + anything from the keyboard either.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.8. <a href="#Q4.3.8.">I have a + Matsushita/Panasonic CR-522, a Matsushita/Panasonic + CR-523 or a TEAC CD55a drive, but it is not + recognized even when the correct I/O port is + set.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.9. <a href="#Q4.3.9.">I'm trying to install + from a tape drive but all I get is something like + this on the screen:</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.10. <a href="#Q4.3.10.">I've installed + FreeBSD onto my system, but it hangs when booting + from the hard drive with the message:</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.11. <a href="#Q4.3.11.">My system can not + find my Intel EtherExpress 16 card.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.12. <a href="#Q4.3.12.">When installing on an + EISA HP Netserver, my on-board AIC-7xxx SCSI + controller isn't detected.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.13. <a href="#Q4.3.13.">I have a Panasonic + AL-N1 or Rios Chandler Pentium machine and I find + that the system hangs before ever getting into the + installation now.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.14. <a href="#Q4.3.14.">I have this CMD640 + IDE controller that is said to be broken.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.15. <a href="#Q4.3.15.">On a Compaq Aero + notebook, I get the message ``No floppy devices + found! Please check ...'' when trying to install from + floppy.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.16. <a href="#Q4.3.16.">When I go to boot my + Intel AL440LX (``Atlanta'') -based system from the + hard disk the first time, it stops with a <tt class= + "LITERAL">Read Error</tt> message.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.17. <a href="#Q4.3.17.">When installing on an + Dell Poweredge XE, Dell proprietary RAID controller + DSA (Dell SCSI Array) isn't recognized.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.18. <a href="#Q4.3.18.">My Ethernet adapter + is detected as an AMD PCnet-FAST (or similar) but it + doesn't work. (Eg. onboard Ethernet on IBM Netfinity + 5xxx or 7xxx)</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.19. <a href="#Q4.3.19.">I have an IBM + EtherJet PCI card, it is detected by the <span class= + "CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span> driver + correctly, but the lights on the card don't come on + and it doesn't connect to the network.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.20. <a href="#Q4.3.20.">When I configure the + network during installation on an IBM Netfinity 3500, + the system freezes.</a></dt> + + <dt>4.3.21. <a href="#Q4.3.21.">When I install onto a + drive managed by a Mylex PCI RAID controller, the + system fails to boot (eg. with a <tt class= + "LITERAL">read error</tt> message).</a></dt> + </dl> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.1."></a><b>4.3.1.</b> The <span + class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mcd</span>(4)</span> driver keeps + thinking that it has found a device and this stops + my Intel EtherExpress card from working.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Use the UserConfig utility (see <tt + class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>) and disable the + probing of the <tt class="DEVICENAME">mcd0</tt> and + <tt class="DEVICENAME">mcd1</tt> devices. Generally + speaking, you should only leave the devices that + you will be using enabled in your kernel.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.2."></a><b>4.3.2.</b> FreeBSD + claims to support the 3Com PCMCIA card, but my card + isn't recognized when it's plugged into my + laptop.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>There are a couple of possible problems. + First of all, FreeBSD does not support + multi-function cards, so if you have a combo + Ethernet/modem card (such as the 3C562), it won't + work. The default driver for the 3C589 card was + written just like all of the other drivers in + FreeBSD, and depend on the card's own configuration + data stored in NVRAM to work. You must correctly + configure FreeBSD's driver to match the IRQ, port, + and IOMEM stored in NVRAM.</p> + + <p>Unfortunately, the only program capable of + reading them is the 3COM supplied DOS program. This + program must be run on a absolutely clean system + (no other drivers must be running), and the program + will whine about CARD-Services not being found, but + it will continue. This is necessary to read the + NVRAM values. You want to know the IRQ, port, and + IOMEM values (the latter is called the CIS tuple by + 3COM). The first two can be set in the program, the + third is un-settable, and can only be read. Once + you have these values, set them in UserConfig and + your card will be recognized.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.3."></a><b>4.3.3.</b> FreeBSD + finds my PCMCIA network card, but no packets appear + to be sent even though it claims to be working.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Many PCMCIA cards have the ability to use + either the 10-Base2 (BNC) or 10-BaseT connectors + for connecting to the network. The driver is unable + to ``auto-select'' the correct connector, so you + must tell it which connector to use. In order to + switch between the two connectors, the link flags + must be set. Depending on the model of the card, + <tt class="OPTION">-link0 link1</tt> or <tt class= + "OPTION">-link0 -link1</tt> will choose the correct + network connector. You can set these in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> by + using the <tt class="LITERAL">Extra options to + ifconfig:</tt> field in the network setup + screen.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.4."></a><b>4.3.4.</b> The system + finds my <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span> network card, + but I keep getting device timeout errors.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Your card is probably on a different IRQ + from what is specified in the kernel configuration. + The ed driver does not use the `soft' configuration + by default (values entered using EZSETUP in DOS), + but it will use the software configuration if you + specify <tt class="LITERAL">?</tt> in the IRQ field + of your kernel config file.</p> + + <p>Either move the jumper on the card to a hard + configuration setting (altering the kernel settings + if necessary), or specify the IRQ as <tt class= + "LITERAL">-1</tt> in UserConfig or <tt class= + "LITERAL">?</tt> in your kernel config file. This + will tell the kernel to use the soft + configuration.</p> + + <p>Another possibility is that your card is at IRQ + 9, which is shared by IRQ 2 and frequently a cause + of problems (especially when you have a VGA card + using IRQ 2!). You should not use IRQ 2 or 9 if at + all possible.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.5."></a><b>4.3.5.</b> I have a + Matsushita/Panasonic drive but it isn't recognized + by the system.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Make certain that the I/O port that the + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=matcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">matcd</span>(4)</span></a> driver + is set to is correct for the host interface card + you have. (Some SoundBlaster DOS drivers report a + hardware I/O port address for the CD-ROM interface + that is 0x10 lower than it really is.)</p> + + <p>If you are unable to determine the settings for + the card by examining the board or documentation, + you can use UserConfig to change the 'port' address + (I/O port) to -1 and start the system. This setting + causes the driver to look at a number of I/O ports + that various manufacturers use for their + Matsushita/Panasonic/Creative CD-ROM interfaces. + Once the driver locates the address, you should run + UserConfig again and specify the correct address. + Leaving the 'port' parameter set to -1 increases + the amount of time that it takes the system to + boot, and this could interfere with other + devices.</p> + + <p>The double-speed Matsushita CR-562 and CR-563 + are the only drives that are supported.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.6."></a><b>4.3.6.</b> I booted the + install floppy on my IBM ThinkPad (tm) laptop, and + the keyboard is all messed up.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Older IBM laptops use a non-standard + keyboard controller, so you must tell the keyboard + driver (atkbd0) to go into a special mode which + works on the ThinkPads. Change the atkbd0 'Flags' + to 0x4 in UserConfig and it should work fine. (Look + in the Input Menu for 'Keyboard'.)</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.7."></a><b>4.3.7.</b> When I try + to boot the install floppy, I see the following + message and nothing seems to be happening. I cannot + enter anything from the keyboard either.</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + Keyboard: no +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Due to lack of space, full support for + old XT/AT (84-key) keyboards is no longer available + in the bootblocks. Some notebook computers may also + have this type of keyboard. If you are still using + this kind of hardware, you will see the above + message appears when you boot from the CD-ROM or an + install floppy.</p> + + <p>As soon as you see this message, hit the space + bar, and you will see the prompt:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + >> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT + Default: x:xx(x,x)/boot/loader + boot: +</pre> + + <p>Then enter <tt class= + "USERINPUT"><b>-Dh</b></tt>, and things should + proceed normally.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.8."></a><b>4.3.8.</b> I have a + Matsushita/Panasonic CR-522, a Matsushita/Panasonic + CR-523 or a TEAC CD55a drive, but it is not + recognized even when the correct I/O port is + set.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>These CD-ROM drives are currently not + supported by FreeBSD. The command sets for these + drives are not compatible with the double-speed + CR-562 and CR-563 drives.</p> + + <p>The single-speed CR-522 and CR-523 drives can be + identified by their use of a CD-caddy.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.9."></a><b>4.3.9.</b> I'm trying + to install from a tape drive but all I get is + something like this on the screen:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + sa0(aha0:1:0) NOT READY csi 40,0,0,0 +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>There's a limitation in the current <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> + that the tape <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">must</i></span> be in the drive while <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> is + started or it won't be detected. Try again with the + tape in the drive the whole time.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.10."></a><b>4.3.10.</b> I've + installed FreeBSD onto my system, but it hangs when + booting from the hard drive with the message:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + Changing root to /dev/da0a +</pre> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>his problem may occur in a system with a + 3com 3c509 Ethernet adapter. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ep&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ep</span>(4)</span></a> device + driver appears to be sensitive to probes for other + devices that also use address 0x300. Boot your + FreeBSD system by power cycling the machine (turn + off and on). At the <tt class="LITERAL">Boot:</tt> + prompt specify the <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt>. This + will invoke UserConfig (see <a href= + "#REPAIRING">Section 4.1</a> above). Use the <tt + class="LITERAL">disable</tt> command to disable the + device probes for all devices at address 0x300 + except the ep0 driver. On exit, your machine should + successfully boot FreeBSD.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.11."></a><b>4.3.11.</b> My system + can not find my Intel EtherExpress 16 card.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>You must set your Intel EtherExpress 16 + card to be memory mapped at address 0xD0000, and + set the amount of mapped memory to 32K using the + Intel supplied <tt class= + "FILENAME">softset.exe</tt> program.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.12."></a><b>4.3.12.</b> When + installing on an EISA HP Netserver, my on-board + AIC-7xxx SCSI controller isn't detected.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>This is a known problem, and will + hopefully be fixed in the future. In order to get + your system installed at all, boot with the <tt + class="OPTION">-c</tt> option into UserConfig, but + <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">don't</i></span> use the pretty visual + mode but the plain old CLI mode. Type:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>eisa 12</b></tt> + <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>quit</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>at the prompt. (Instead of `quit', you might + also type `visual', and continue the rest of the + configuration session in visual mode.) While it's + recommended to compile a custom kernel, dset now + also understands to save this value.</p> + + <p>Refer to the FAQ topic 3.16 for an explanation + of the problem, and for how to continue. Remember + that you can find the FAQ on your local system in + /usr/share/doc/FAQ, provided you have installed the + `doc' distribution.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.13."></a><b>4.3.13.</b> I have a + Panasonic AL-N1 or Rios Chandler Pentium machine + and I find that the system hangs before ever + getting into the installation now.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Your machine doesn't like the new <tt + class="LITERAL">i586_copyout</tt> and <tt class= + "LITERAL">i586_copyin</tt> code for some reason. To + disable this, boot the installation boot floppy and + when it comes to the very first menu (the choice to + drop into kernel UserConfig mode or not) choose the + command-line interface (``expert mode'') version + and type the following at it:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>flags npx0 1</b></tt> +</pre> + + <p>Then proceed normally to boot. This will be + saved into your kernel, so you only need to do it + once.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.14."></a><b>4.3.14.</b> I have + this CMD640 IDE controller that is said to be + broken.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Yes, it is. FreeBSD does not support this + controller except through the legacy wdc + driver.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.15."></a><b>4.3.15.</b> On a + Compaq Aero notebook, I get the message ``No floppy + devices found! Please check ...'' when trying to + install from floppy.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>With Compaq being always a little + different from other systems, they do not announce + their floppy drive in the CMOS RAM of an Aero + notebook. Therefore, the floppy disk driver assumes + there is no drive configured. Go to the UserConfig + screen, and set the Flags value of the fdc0 device + to 0x1. This pretends the existence of the first + floppy drive (as a 1.44 MB drive) to the driver + without asking the CMOS at all.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.16."></a><b>4.3.16.</b> When I go + to boot my Intel AL440LX (``Atlanta'') -based + system from the hard disk the first time, it stops + with a <tt class="LITERAL">Read Error</tt> + message.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>There appears to be a bug in the BIOS on + at least some of these boards, this bug results in + the FreeBSD bootloader thinking that it is booting + from a floppy disk. This is only a problem if you + are not using the BootEasy boot manager. Slice the + disk in ``compatible''mode and install BootEasy + during the FreeBSD installation to avoid the bug, + or upgrade the BIOS (see Intel's web site for + details).</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.17."></a><b>4.3.17.</b> When + installing on an Dell Poweredge XE, Dell + proprietary RAID controller DSA (Dell SCSI Array) + isn't recognized.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>Configure the DSA to use AHA-1540 + emulation using EISA configuration utility. After + that FreeBSD detects the DSA as an Adaptec AHA-1540 + SCSI controller, with irq 11 and port 340. Under + emulation mode system will use DSA RAID disks, but + you cannot use DSA-specific features such as + watching RAID health.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.18."></a><b>4.3.18.</b> My + Ethernet adapter is detected as an AMD PCnet-FAST + (or similar) but it doesn't work. (Eg. onboard + Ethernet on IBM Netfinity 5xxx or 7xxx)</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> driver is + currently faulty, and will often not work correctly + with the PCnet-FAST and PCnet-FAST+. You need to + install a different Ethernet adapter.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.19."></a><b>4.3.19.</b> I have an + IBM EtherJet PCI card, it is detected by the <span + class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span> driver + correctly, but the lights on the card don't come on + and it doesn't connect to the network.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>We don't understand why this happens. + Neither do IBM (we asked them). The card is a + standard Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 with an IBM + label on it, and these cards normally work just + fine. You may see these symptoms only in some IBM + Netfinity servers. The only solution is to install + a different Ethernet adapter.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.20."></a><b>4.3.20.</b> When I + configure the network during installation on an IBM + Netfinity 3500, the system freezes.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>There is a problem with the onboard + Ethernet in the Netfinity 3500 which we have not + been able to identify at this time. It may be + related to the SMP features of the system being + misconfigured. You will have to install another + Ethernet adapter and avoid attempting to configure + the onboard adapter at any time.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="QANDAENTRY"> + <div class="QUESTION"> + <p><a name="Q4.3.21."></a><b>4.3.21.</b> When I + install onto a drive managed by a Mylex PCI RAID + controller, the system fails to boot (eg. with a + <tt class="LITERAL">read error</tt> message).</p> + </div> + + <div class="ANSWER"> + <p><b></b>There is a bug in the Mylex driver which + results in it ignoring the ``8GB'' geometry mode + setting in the BIOS. Use the 2GB mode instead.</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <hr> + + <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related + documents, can be downloaded from <a href= + "ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> + before contacting <<a href= + "mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 5-CURRENT + should subscribe to the <<a href= + "mailto:current@FreeBSD.org">current@FreeBSD.org</a>> + mailing list.</small></small></p> + + <p align="center">For questions about this documentation, + e-mail <<a href= + "mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</p> + <br> + <br> + </body> +</html> + diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/installation-sparc64.html b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/installation-sparc64.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..abb82d6cb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/installation-sparc64.html @@ -0,0 +1,846 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> + <head> + <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"> + <title>FreeBSD/sparc64 5.0-CURRENT Installation + Instructions</title> + <meta name="GENERATOR" content= + "Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 "> + <link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css"> + </head> + + <body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link= + "#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> + <div class="ARTICLE"> + <div class="TITLEPAGE"> + <h1 class="TITLE"><a name="AEN2">FreeBSD/sparc64 + 5.0-CURRENT Installation Instructions</a></h1> + + <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3> + + <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 by + The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p> + <hr> + </div> + + <blockquote class="ABSTRACT"> + <div class="ABSTRACT"> + <a name="AEN10"></a> + + <p>This article gives some brief instructions on + installing FreeBSD/sparc64 5.0-CURRENT. Please keep in + mind that this port is a work in progress, and as such, + the installation procedure is much more involved than for + FreeBSD/i386 or FreeBSD/alpha.</p> + </div> + </blockquote> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN12">1 Installing + FreeBSD</a></h1> + + <p>This text describes how to install and boot the sparc64 + port. Users of this port are encouraged to subscribe to the + FreeBSD SPARC porting mailing list <tt class= + "EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:freebsd-sparc@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-sparc@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt>.</p> + + <div class="WARNING"> + <blockquote class="WARNING"> + <p><b>Warning:</b> The kernel and userland binaries + mentioned below are highly experimental (for example, + the kernel contains some ATA changes and EEPROM + handling code which could potentially be dangerous). + Unless you know what you are doing and are willing to + cope with any damage that might arise, you should + probably not be trying this.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>Unlike FreeBSD/i386 or FreeBSD/alpha, there is no + version of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> for + FreeBSD/sparc64. The installation procedure consists of + loading a kernel (either from CDROM or the network) onto + the sparc64 machine, with a root filesystem on CDROM or + exported via NFS. The utilities on the root filesystem can + then be used to partition the local disk on the sparc64 + machine and optionally to copy the FreeBSD distribution to + the local disk to make a stand-alone machine.</p> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN22">1.1 + Preparation</a></h2> + + <p>Currently, there are two ways to install + FreeBSD/sparc64 on a new machine. By far the easier of + the two is to install from CDROM; this method allows you + to install FreeBSD without any dependencies on any other + computers.</p> + + <p>If installing from CDROM is impossible or undesirable, + the alternative is to install over the network. This + requires another machine, suitably configured, to serve + the boot loader, kernel, and root filesystem to the new + machine, via a combination of RARP, TFTP, and either + BOOTP or DHCP. This netboot server can be another FreeBSD + machine, but is not required to be.</p> + + <p>You will need to decide which of these methods you + want to use for installation, as this will determine the + set of files you need to download (if any), as well as + the steps required to do the installation.</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="DOWNLOADING">1.1.1 + Downloading Required Files</a></h3> + + <p>This section describes the files you will need for a + FreeBSD/sparc64 installation. The links in this + document point to the main FreeBSD FTP server. Please + use a mirror site instead if possible.</p> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> The URLs in this section are + provisional and subject to change. Please see the + archives of the FreeBSD SPARC porting mailing list + <tt class="EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:freebsd-sparc@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-sparc@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt> + for the most recent locations of files. This notice + will be removed when more permanent URLs have been + determined.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN33">1.1.1.1 Required + Files for CDROM Installation</a></h4> + + <p>If you want to do a CDROM installation, an ISO + image with a snapshot of FreeBSD/sparc64 can be found + at <a href= + "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/" + target= + "_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a>. + This file can be used to create a bootable CDROM + which contains everything necessary to boot and load + at least a minimal FreeBSD installation.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN37">1.1.1.2 Required + Files for Network Installation</a></h4> + + <p>For a network installation, you will need several + files. First, you will need to download a + FreeBSD/sparc64 loader for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> to serve + to your sparc64 client. The loader will use either + TFTP or NFS to retrieve the FreeBSD kernel from the + netboot server. There is a separate loader for each + of these methods (i.e. a loader for TFTP and a loader + for NFS). You should download one of the following + files, as appropriate:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p><a href= + "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/loader-tftp.gz" + target= + "_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/loader-tftp.gz</a></p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><a href= + "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/loader-nfs.gz" + target= + "_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/loader-nfs.gz</a></p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>A network installation also requires a kernel to + be served to the netboot client. A suitable kernel + can be found at <a href= + "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/" + target= + "_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a>.</p> + + <p>Finally, you will need a <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> archive + which contains the binaries and configuration files + from the base system. This file is available from <a + href= + "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/distrib.tar.gz" + target= + "_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/distrib.tar.gz</a>.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name= + "GETTING-TO-PROM-PROMPT">1.1.2 Getting to the PROM + Prompt</a></h3> + + <p>Most sparc64 systems are set up to boot + automatically from disk. To install FreeBSD, you need + to boot over the network or from a CDROM, which + requires you to break into the PROM (OpenFirmware).</p> + + <p>To do this, reboot the system, and wait until the + boot message appears. It depends on the model, but + should look about like:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present + Copyright 1998-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. + OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132. + Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4. +</pre> + + <p>If your system proceeds to boot from disk at this + point, you need to press <b class="KEYCAP">L1</b>+<b + class="KEYCAP">A</b> or <b class="KEYCAP">Stop</b>+<b + class="KEYCAP">A</b> on the keyboard, or send a <tt + class="COMMAND">BREAK</tt> over the serial console + (using for example <tt class="COMMAND">~#</tt> in <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tip</span>(1)</span></a> or <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cu</span>(1)</span></a>) to get to the + PROM prompt. It looks like this:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">ok </tt> <a name= +"PROMPT-SINGLE"><b>(1)</b></a> + <tt class="PROMPT">ok {0}</tt> <a name= +"PROMPT-SMP"><b>(2)</b></a> +</pre> + + <div class="CALLOUTLIST"> + <dl compact="COMPACT"> + <dt><a href="#PROMPT-SINGLE"><b>(1)</b></a></dt> + + <dd>This is the prompt used on systems with just + one CPU.</dd> + + <dt><a href="#PROMPT-SMP"><b>(2)</b></a></dt> + + <dd>This is the prompt used on SMP systems, the + digit indicates the number of the active CPU.</dd> + </dl> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN89">1.2 Installing from + CDROM</a></h2> + + <p>Place the CDROM into your drive, and break into the + PROM as described above. On the PROM prompt, type <tt + class="COMMAND">boot cdrom</tt>. The system should boot + into single-user mode now, and you can create the disk + label and install the base system archive as described in + <a href="#CREATING-DISK-LABEL">Section 1.4</a> and <a + href="#CREATING-ROOT-FILESYSTEM">Section 1.5</a>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN95">1.3 Installing over the + Network</a></h2> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN97">1.3.1 Configuring the + Netboot Server</a></h3> + + <p>A FreeBSD/sparc64 kernel is booted by having the + firmware retrieve and execute a <b class= + "APPLICATION">loader</b>, which in turn fetches and + executes the actual kernel. For this boot process, you + need to set up <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> (for the + firmware) and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bootpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bootpd</span>(8)</span></a> (for the <b + class="APPLICATION">loader</b>) on another networked + system. The loader can fetch a kernel using TFTP or + NFS. All of this is covered in detail below.</p> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN111">1.3.1.1 + rarpd</a></h4> + + <p>You need to add the Ethernet address of your + FreeBSD/sparc64 system to <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/ethers</tt> on the netboot server. An + entry looks like:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + 0:3:ba:b:92:d4 your.host.name +</pre> + + <p>The Ethernet address is usually displayed in the + boot message.</p> + + <p>Make sure <tt class="HOSTID">your.host.name</tt> + is in <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt> or has a + valid DNS entry (or use an IP address). Then, start + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a> on a + network interface that is on the same subnet as the + FreeBSD/sparc64 system.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN123">1.3.1.2 + tftpd</a></h4> + + <p>Activate <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> in your <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> + configuration by uncommenting the following line in + <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/inetd.conf</tt>:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + tftp dgram udp wait nobody /usr/libexec/tftpd tftpd /tftpboot +</pre> + + <p>Copy the unpacked loader to your <tt class= + "FILENAME">/tftpboot</tt> directory, and name it with + the FreeBSD/sparc64 host's IP address in upper-case + hexadecimal notation without dots (or use + appropriately-named symbolic links). For example, + your setup may look like this, for an IP address of + <tt class="HOSTID">192.168.0.16</tt>:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + lrwx------ 1 tmm users 9 Jul 24 17:05 /tftpboot/C0A80010 -> boot/loader + -rw-r--r-- 1 tmm users 1643021 Oct 20 18:04 /tftpboot/boot/loader +</pre> + + <p>If you have trouble booting, it is very helpful to + use <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a> to + monitor the TFTP requests. This will allow you to see + the file name you need to use for the loader. Error + replies by the TFTP server are most often due to + incorrect file permissions.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN142">1.3.1.3 Setting up + bootpd/dhcpd</a></h4> + + <p>You can use either BOOTP or DHCP (both not both) + to provide some parameters to the boot loader, such + as a machine's IP address. If you are using another + FreeBSD machine as a netboot server, the BOOTP + functionality is provided by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bootpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bootpd</span>(8)</span></a>, which is + a part of the FreeBSD base system. Several DHCP + servers are provided in the FreeBSD Ports + Collection.</p> + + <p>If you are going to use <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bootpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bootpd</span>(8)</span></a>, create + entries for your FreeBSD/sparc64 system in the + server's <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/bootptab</tt> (see + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bootptab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bootptab</span>(5)</span></a> for + more details):</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + .default:\ + :bf="kernel":dn=local:ds=<tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>name-server-ip-address</i></tt>:\ + :gw=<tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>gateway-ip-address</i></tt>:ht=ether:hd="/tftpboot/boot/kernel":hn:\ + :sa="<tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>tftp-server-ip-address</i></tt>":\ + :rp="<tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>tftp-server-ip-address</i></tt>:<tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>nfs-root-directory</i></tt>":\ + :sm=<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>ip-netmask</i></tt> + + <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>name-of-the-entry</i></tt>:\ + ha=<tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>sparc64-ethernet-address</i></tt>:ip=<tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>sparc64-ip-address</i></tt>:tc=.default +</pre> + + <p>The Ethernet address must be the same as the one + in the TFTP example above, but it is specified + hexadecimal notation without colons (for the example + above, this would be <tt class= + "LITERAL">0003ba0b92d4</tt>). NFS/TFTP specific + entries can be omitted if the given method is not + used. The strings given in the <tt class= + "LITERAL">hd</tt> and <tt class="LITERAL">bf</tt> + properties are concatenated to give the boot file + name. If your kernel is named differently or you use + another directory, change these values as required. + If you are booting using NFS, remove the <tt class= + "LITERAL">bf</tt> and <tt class="LITERAL">hd</tt> + settings (or change them to specify the directory and + file inside the NFS root hierarchy in which the + kernel will reside). The name of the host entry is + conventionally the host name without the domain + appended.</p> + + <p>For a DHCP server, add an entry similar to the + following to your <tt class= + "FILENAME">dhcpd.conf</tt> file. An example entry for + <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> version 2 + (available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection as <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/isc-dhcp2/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/isc-dhcp2</tt></a>) is shown + below:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + host <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>name-of-entry</i></tt> { + hardware ethernet <tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>sparc64-ethernet-address</i></tt>; + option host-name "<tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>sparc64-fully-qualified-domain-name</i></tt>"; + fixed-address <tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>sparc64-ip-address</i></tt>; + always-reply-rfc1048 on; + filename "kernel"; + option root-path "<tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>tftp-server-ip-address</i></tt>:<tt class= +"REPLACEABLE"><i>nfs-root-directory</i></tt>"; + } +</pre> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">filename</tt> option + corresponds to the concatenation of <tt class= + "LITERAL">hd</tt> and <tt class="LITERAL">bf</tt> in + <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/bootptab</tt>. The Ethernet + address is specified in hexadecimal with colons, just + like in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a> example + above. <tt class="LITERAL">options root-path</tt> + corresponds to <tt class="LITERAL">rp</tt> in <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/bootptab</tt>. If the name + given in <tt class="LITERAL">option host-name</tt> is + resolvable, i.e. has a DNS entry or is associated + with an address in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt>, the <tt class= + "LITERAL">fixed-address</tt> specification can be + omitted.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN197">1.3.2 Loading the + Kernel</a></h3> + + <p>With the daemons on the netboot server configured, + the next step is to copy the kernel (obtained during + the steps of <a href="#DOWNLOADING">Section 1.1.1</a>) + to an appropriate directory. There are two ways of + retrieving a kernel over the network: TFTP and NFS. + (You specified one of these two alternatives by picking + a loader.)</p> + + <p>For both TFTP and NFS, the loader will use the + parameters that it obtained via BOOTP or DHCP to find + the kernel.</p> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN202">1.3.2.1 Loading + the Kernel over TFTP</a></h4> + + <p>Place the kernel in the directory you specified + using <tt class="LITERAL">bf</tt> and <tt class= + "LITERAL">hd</tt> in the <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/bootptab</tt> or the <tt class= + "LITERAL">filename</tt> parameter to <tt class= + "FILENAME">dhcpd.conf</tt>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN210">1.3.2.2 Loading + the Kernel over NFS</a></h4> + + <p>Export the directory that was specified by the <tt + class="LITERAL">rp</tt> property in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/bootptab</tt> or the <tt class= + "LITERAL">root-path</tt> parameter in <tt class= + "FILENAME">dhcpd.conf</tt> (see <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=exports&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">exports</span>(5)</span></a>). Copy + the kernel to the directory you specified using <tt + class="LITERAL">bf</tt> and <tt class= + "LITERAL">hd</tt> in the <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/bootptab</tt> or the <tt class= + "LITERAL">filename</tt> parameter to <tt class= + "FILENAME">dhcpd.conf</tt>.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN225">1.3.3 Loading the + Base System to the Netboot Server</a></h3> + + <p>You must extract the base system distribution image + to the NFS root directory specified either by the <tt + class="LITERAL">rp</tt> option in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/bootptab</tt> or the <tt class= + "LITERAL">root-path</tt> option in <tt class= + "FILENAME">dhcpd.conf</tt>. This directory tree will + become the sparc64's root filesystem once the kernel is + booted. Besides providing a normal userland + environment, it also contains all of the necessary + utilities for you to install the distribution on the + sparc64 client's local disk.</p> + + <p>Using whatever editing tools you have on the netboot + server, you probably will want to edit the sparc64's + <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> and set a <tt class= + "USERNAME">root</tt> password.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN236">1.3.4 + Booting</a></h3> + + <p>If all goes well, you can now boot the FreeBSD on + your sparc64 machine by dropping into the PROM prompt + as described in <a href= + "#GETTING-TO-PROM-PROMPT">Section 1.1.2</a>. Now, just + type <tt class="COMMAND">boot net</tt> and the system + should boot. Specifically, the loader is retrieved via + TFTP, it then does a BOOTP request and will proceed to + load the kernel (either using TFTP or NFS, depending on + your choice of loader). Then, it should wait 10 seconds + for user input and proceed to execute the kernel.</p> + + <p>If something does not work in between, and you + suspect TFTP/NFS/BOOTP problems, <b class= + "APPLICATION">Ethereal</b> (available in the FreeBSD + Ports Collection as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/ net/ethereal/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/ethereal</tt></a>) is usually + helpful. The most common problems are related to bad + file permissions. Also note that <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a> will not + answer to packets under some circumstances, refer to + the manual page for details.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="CREATING-DISK-LABEL">1.4 + Creating a Disk Label</a></h2> + + <p>The kernel supports the Sun disk label format, so you + can label the disks you want to use with FreeBSD from + Solaris.</p> + + <p>FreeBSD disk labels must currently be created by hand, + as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> is not + yet available on FreeBSD/sparc64. Please refer to the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" + target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a> for more information + about labels and special partitions.</p> + + <p>On FreeBSD/sparc64, a Sun compatibility label is + embedded in the FreeBSD label; this is needed for the + PROM to boot from disk. This imposes an additional + restriction on the disk label format: partitions are + required to start on a cylinder boundary.</p> + + <p>To create a disk label, the following procedure is the + easiest:</p> + + <div class="PROCEDURE"> + <ol type="1"> + <li> + <p>Run <tt class="COMMAND">disklabel -w -r <tt + class="REPLACEABLE"><i>device</i></tt> auto</tt> to + create a basic disk label. The third argument you + need specify here is just the name of the device, + not the complete path to the device node (e.g. <tt + class="DEVICENAME">ad0</tt> for the first ATA + disk).</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Use <tt class="COMMAND">disklabel -e <tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>device</i></tt></tt> to open an + editor in which you can edit the disk label. The + information presented to you should look like:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + # /dev/ad6c: + type: unknown + disk: amnesiac + label: + flags: + bytes/sector: 512 + sectors/track: 63 + tracks/cylinder: 16 + sectors/cylinder: 1008 + cylinders: 79780 + sectors/unit: 80418240 + rpm: 3600 + interleave: 1 + trackskew: 0 + cylinderskew: 0 + headswitch: 0 # milliseconds + track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds + drivedata: 0 + + 8 partitions: + # size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg] + c: 80418240 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 79779) +</pre> + + <p>You can now add new partitions in the same + format as the already present line. Using <tt + class="LITERAL">*</tt> in the offset field makes + the procedure easier; please refer to the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> + manual page for more information.</p> + + <p>To make sure the restriction mentioned above is + met, the size of each partition must be a multiple + of the number of sectors per cylinder as shown in + the information that is presented in the editor + (1008 in the example above).</p> + + <p>When you are done, save your changes and quit + the editor. This will cause the disk label to be + written.</p> + + <div class="WARNING"> + <blockquote class="WARNING"> + <p><b>Warning:</b> This procedure will + overwrite any disk label that may be already + present on the disk. Any existing filesystems + on this disk must have their respective + partition entries in the old and new label + match <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">exactly</i></span>, or they will be + lost.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Use <tt class="COMMAND">disklabel -B</tt> if you + want to make the disk bootable for + FreeBSD/sparc64.</p> + + <div class="WARNING"> + <blockquote class="WARNING"> + <p><b>Warning:</b> Using <tt class= + "COMMAND">disklabel -B</tt> on a disk will + overwrite any preexisting boot block, so it + will likely render any other operating system + installed on the same disk unbootable.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>If you do not want to overwrite the boot block, + it is possible to load the <b class= + "APPLICATION">loader</b> via TFTP as described + above, but have it boot the kernel from disk. This + requires a special loader binary, which is + available at <a href= + "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/loader-ufs.gz" + target= + "_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/loader-ufs.gz</a></p> + </li> + </ol> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="CREATING-ROOT-FILESYSTEM">1.5 + Creating the Root Fileystem</a></h2> + + <p>If you want to boot from a local disk, you will need + to create a root filesystem to hold the base system + binaries and configuration files (and optionally other + filesystems mounted in places such as <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">/var</tt>).</p> + + <p>The kernel contains support for Sun disklabels, so you + can use Solaris disks, which may even be prepared using + <b class="APPLICATION">newfs</b> under Solaris. NetBSD + disk labels and filesystems are also usable from + FreeBSD.</p> + + <div class="WARNING"> + <blockquote class="WARNING"> + <p><b>Warning:</b> Do <span class="emphasis"><i + class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> run Solaris <b class= + "APPLICATION">fsck</b> on filesystems modified by + FreeBSD. Doing so will damage the file + permissions.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <p>To create filesystems and to install the base system, + boot from CDROM or via NFS and create a disk label as + described in <a href="#CREATING-DISK-LABEL">Section + 1.4</a>.</p> + + <p>When booting the first time and you have not entered + your root partition into <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> yet, you may need to specify + your root partition on the mountroot prompt when booting + (use a format like <tt class="COMMAND">ufs:<tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>disk</i></tt><tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>partition</i></tt></tt>, i.e. leave the + slice specification out). If the kernel does + automatically attempt to boot from another filesystem, + press a key other than <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> on the + <b class="APPLICATION">loader</b> prompt:</p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + Hit [Enter] to boot immediately, or any other key for command prompt. +</pre> + + <p>Then, boot the kernel using <tt class="COMMAND">boot + -a -s</tt>, which will cause the kernel to ask you for + the root partition and then boot into single-user mode. + Once the root filesystem has been entered into <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>, it should be + automatically mounted as <tt class="FILENAME">/</tt> on + the next boot.</p> + + <p>If you are booting over the network (via NFS), the + above BOOTP entries should suffice to have the kernel + find and mount the root filesystem via NFS.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="INSTALLING-BASE-SYSTEM">1.6 + Installing the Base System</a></h2> + + <p>If you booted the kernel from the network, you + downloaded a <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> archive with the + base system and exported it from the netboot server via + NFS. You can unpack this same archive to your local disk + to create a stand-alone system (remember to copy the + kernel over as well).</p> + + <p>If you booted from CDROM, the same archive is + available in <tt class="FILENAME">/root/</tt> on the + CDROM.</p> + + <p>Before booting the system stand-alone, you will want + to edit <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> and <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> and set a <tt class= + "USERNAME">root</tt> password.</p> + + <p>Note that some programs from the base system may not + be present in the archive, or may not work properly + yet.</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <hr> + + <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related + documents, can be downloaded from <a href= + "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> + before contacting <<a href= + "mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 5-CURRENT + should subscribe to the <<a href= + "mailto:current@FreeBSD.org">current@FreeBSD.org</a>> + mailing list.</small></small></p> + + <p align="center">For questions about this documentation, + e-mail <<a href= + "mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</p> + <br> + <br> + </body> +</html> + diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/installation.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/installation.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a4273a8aea --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/installation.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional-Based Extension//EN" [ +<!ENTITY base CDATA "../../.."> +<!ENTITY date "$FreeBSD: www/en/releases/5.0R/DP1/installation.sgml,v 1.3 2005/10/04 06:52:23 murray Exp $"> +<!ENTITY title "FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 Installation Notes"> +<!ENTITY % navinclude.download "INCLUDE"> +]> +<html> + &header; + + <p>The installation notes for FreeBSD are customized for different + platforms, as some of the changes made to FreeBSD apply only to + specific processor architectures.</p> + + <p>Installation notes for FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 are available for the following + platforms:</p> + + <ul> + <li><a href="installation-i386.html">i386</a></li> + <li><a href="installation-alpha.html">alpha</a></li> + <li><a href="installation-sparc64.html">sparc64</a></li> + </ul> + + <p>A list of all platforms currently under development can be found + on the <a href="../../../platforms/index.html">Supported + Platforms</a> page.</p> + + &footer; + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/readme.html b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/readme.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..218130d8e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/readme.html @@ -0,0 +1,542 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> + <head> + <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"> + <title>FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 README</title> + <meta name="GENERATOR" content= + "Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 "> + <link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css"> + </head> + + <body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link= + "#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> + <div class="ARTICLE"> + <div class="TITLEPAGE"> + <h1 class="TITLE"><a name="AEN2">FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 + README</a></h1> + + <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3> + + <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 by + The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p> + + <p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: + src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/readme/article.sgml,v 1.14 + 2002/02/25 19:51:34 keramida Exp $<br> + </p> + <hr> + </div> + + <blockquote class="ABSTRACT"> + <div class="ABSTRACT"> + <a name="AEN11"></a> + + <p>This document gives a brief introduction to FreeBSD + 5.0-DP1. It includes some information on how to obtain + FreeBSD, a listing of various ways to contact the FreeBSD + Project, and pointers to some other sources of + information.</p> + </div> + </blockquote> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN13">1 Introduction</a></h1> + + <p>FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 is a ``developer preview'', which is + based on the state of FreeBSD 5-CURRENT on 15 March 2002. A + small number of changes have been made to the system, + primarily to improve its stability so that more of its + features can be used and tested.</p> + + <p>There are two main goals behind FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 + (``Developer Preview 1''). The first is to give the wider + FreeBSD community a preview of some of the new features of + 5.0-RELEASE, which is scheduled for release late in 2002. + The second goal of the developer preview is solicit test + reports and feedback on both new and old features.</p> + + <p>This developer preview is not for production use; it + contains known bugs and instabilities that should be fixed + before FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE. It is best considered a + ``polished snapshot''. Users testing 5.0-DP1 are highly + encouraged to read the errata file, which lists some of the + known problems, as well as areas of the system that could + benefit from some extra attention during testing.</p> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN21">1.1 About + FreeBSD</a></h2> + + <p>FreeBSD is an operating system based on 4.4 BSD Lite + for Intel, AMD, Cyrix or NexGen ``x86'' based PC + hardware, Compaq (formerly DEC) Alpha computers, and + UltraSPARC machines. Versions for the IA64 and PowerPC + architectures are currently under development as well. + FreeBSD works with a wide variety of peripherals and + configurations and can be used for everything from + software development to games to Internet Service + Provision.</p> + + <p>This release of FreeBSD contains everything you need + to run such a system, including full source code for the + kernel and all utilities in the base distribution. With + the source distribution installed, you can literally + recompile the entire system from scratch with one + command, making it ideal for students, researchers, or + users who simply want to see how it all works.</p> + + <p>A large collection of third-party ported software (the + ``Ports Collection'') is also provided to make it easy to + obtain and install all your favorite traditional UNIX + utilities for FreeBSD. Each ``port'' consists of a set of + scripts to retrieve, configure, build, and install a + piece of software, with a single command. Over 6,600 + ports, from editors to programming languages to graphical + applications, make FreeBSD a powerful and comprehensive + operating environment that extends far beyond what's + provided by many commercial versions of UNIX. Most ports + are also available as pre-compiled ``packages'', which + can be quickly installed from the installation + program.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN30">1.2 Target + Audience</a></h2> + + <p>This snapshot is aimed primarily at early adopters and + various other users who want to get involved with the + ongoing development of FreeBSD. While the FreeBSD + development team tries its best to ensure that each + snapshot works as advertised, 5-CURRENT is very much a + work-in-progress.</p> + + <p>The basic requirements for using this snapshot are + technical proficiency with FreeBSD and an understanding + of the ongoing development process of FreeBSD 5-CURRENT + (as discussed on the FreeBSD-current mailing list <tt + class="EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:freebsd-current@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-current@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt>).</p> + + <p>For those more interested in doing business with + FreeBSD than in experimenting with new FreeBSD + technology, formal releases (such as 4.5-RELEASE) are + frequently more appropriate. Releases undergo a period of + testing and quality assurance checking to ensure high + reliability and dependability.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN36">2 Obtaining + FreeBSD</a></h1> + + <p>FreeBSD may be obtained in a variety of ways. This + section focuses on those ways that are primarily useful for + obtaining a complete FreeBSD distribution, rather than + updating an existing installation.</p> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN39">2.1 CDROM and + DVD</a></h2> + + <p>FreeBSD -RELEASE distributions may be ordered on CDROM + or DVD from several publishers. This is frequently the + most convenient way to obtain FreeBSD for new + installations, as it provides a convenient way to quickly + reinstall the system if necessary. Some distributions + include some of the optional, precompiled ``packages'' + from the FreeBSD Ports Collection.</p> + + <p>A list of the CDROM and DVD publishers known to the + project are listed in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html" + target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD''</a> appendix to the + Handbook.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN46">2.2 FTP</a></h2> + + <p>You can use FTP to retrieve FreeBSD and any or all of + its optional packages from <a href= + "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target= + "_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>, which is the official + FreeBSD release site, or any of its ``mirrors''.</p> + + <p>Lists of locations that mirror FreeBSD can be found in + the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html" + target="_top">FTP Sites</a> section of the Handbook, or + on the <a href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/" target= + "_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a> Web pages. + Finding a close (in networking terms) mirror from which + to download the distribution is highly recommended.</p> + + <p>Additional mirror sites are always welcome. Contact + <tt class="EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt> + for more details on becoming an official mirror site. You + can also find useful information for mirror sites at the + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/hubs/" + target="_top">Mirroring FreeBSD</a> article.</p> + + <p>Mirrors generally contain the floppy disk images + necessary to begin an installation, as well as the + distribution files needed for the install process itself. + Many mirrors also contain the ISO images necessary to + create a CDROM of a FreeBSD release.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="CONTACTING">3 Contacting the + FreeBSD Project</a></h1> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN60">3.1 Email and Mailing + Lists</a></h2> + + <p>For any questions or general technical support issues, + please send mail to the FreeBSD general questions mailing + list <tt class="EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt>.</p> + + <p>If you're tracking the 5-CURRENT development efforts, + you <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">must</i></span> join the FreeBSD-current + mailing list <tt class="EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:freebsd-current@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-current@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt>, + in order to keep abreast of recent developments and + changes that may affect the way you use and maintain the + system.</p> + + <p>Being a largely-volunteer effort, the FreeBSD Project + is always happy to have extra hands willing to + help--there are already far more desired enhancements + than there is time to implement them. To contact the + developers on technical matters, or with offers of help, + please send mail to the FreeBSD technical discussions + mailing list <tt class="EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt>.</p> + + <p>Please note that these mailing lists can experience + <span class="emphasis"><i class= + "EMPHASIS">significant</i></span> amounts of traffic. If + you have slow or expensive mail access, or are only + interested in keeping up with major FreeBSD events, you + may find it preferable to subscribe instead to the + FreeBSD announcements mailing list <tt class= + "EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:freebsd-announce@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-announce@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt>.</p> + + <p>All of the mailing lists can be freely joined by + anyone wishing to do so. Send mail to <tt class= + "EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:majordomo@FreeBSD.org">majordomo@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt> + and include the keyword <tt class="LITERAL">help</tt> on + a line by itself somewhere in the body of the message. + This will give you more information on joining the + various lists, accessing archives, etc. There are a + number of mailing lists targeted at special interest + groups not mentioned here; more information can be + obtained either through majordomo or the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html#mailing-list" + target="_top">mailing lists section</a> of the FreeBSD + Web site.</p> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> Do <span class="emphasis"><i + class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> send email to the + lists asking to be subscribed. Use the <tt class= + "EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:majordomo@FreeBSD.org">majordomo@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt> + address instead.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN80">3.2 Submitting Problem + Reports</a></h2> + + <p>Suggestions, bug reports and contributions of code are + always valued--please do not hesitate to report any + problems you may find. Bug reports with attached fixes + are of course even more welcome.</p> + + <p>The preferred method to submit bug reports from a + machine with Internet mail connectivity is to use the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> command or + use the Web form at <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/send-pr.html" target= + "_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/send-pr.html</a>. ``Problem + Reports'' (PRs) submitted in this way will be filed and + their progress tracked; the FreeBSD developers will do + their best to respond to all reported bugs as soon as + possible. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi" target= + "_top">A list of all active PRs</a> is available on the + FreeBSD Web site; this list is useful to see what + potential problems other users have encountered.</p> + + <p>Note that <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> itself is a + shell script that should be easy to move even onto a + non-FreeBSD system. Using this interface is highly + preferred. If, for some reason, you are unable to use <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> to submit a + bug report, you can try to send it to the FreeBSD problem + reports mailing list <tt class="EMAIL"><<a href= + "mailto:freebsd-bugs@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-bugs@FreeBSD.org</a>></tt>.</p> + + <p>For more information, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/" + target="_top">``Writing FreeBSD Problem Reports''</a>, + available on the FreeBSD Web site, has a number of + helpful hints on writing and submitting effective problem + reports.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN101">4 Further + Reading</a></h1> + + <p>There are many sources of information about FreeBSD; + some are included with this distribution, while others are + available on-line or in print versions.</p> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="RELEASE-DOCS">4.1 Release + Documentation</a></h2> + + <p>A number of other files provide more specific + information about this snapshot distribution. These files + are provided in various formats. Most distributions will + include both ASCII text (<tt class="FILENAME">.TXT</tt>) + and HTML (<tt class="FILENAME">.HTM</tt>) renditions. + Some distributions may also include other formats such as + PostScript (<tt class="FILENAME">.PS</tt>) or Portable + Document Format (<tt class="FILENAME">.PDF</tt>).</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p><tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>: This file, + which gives some general information about FreeBSD as + well as some cursory notes about obtaining a + distribution.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><tt class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>: The + release notes, showing what's new and different in + FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 compared to the previous release + (FreeBSD 4.0-RELEASE).</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>: The + hardware compatibility list, showing devices with + which FreeBSD has been tested and is known to + work.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>: + Installation instructions for installing FreeBSD from + its distribution media.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><tt class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt>: Release + errata. For this developer preview, this file lists + some outstanding issues and problems, as well as a + list of features that could benefit from some wider + testing. Unlike the errata file for a regular FreeBSD + release, this file will <span class="emphasis"><i + class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> be updated after + 5.0-DP1 is ``frozen''.</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> Several of these documents (in + particular, <tt class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>, + <tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>, and <tt + class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>) contain + information that is specific to a particular hardware + architecture. For example, the alpha release notes + contain information not applicable to the i386, and + vice versa. The architecture for which each document + applies will be listed in that document's title.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br> + <br> + + <p>On platforms that support <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> + (currently the i386 and alpha), these documents are + generally available via the Documentation menu during + installation. Once the system is installed, you can + revisit this menu by re-running the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> + utility.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN141">4.2 Manual + Pages</a></h2> + + <p>As with almost all UNIX-like operating systems, + FreeBSD comes with a set of on-line manual pages, + accessed through the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> command or + through the <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi" + target="_top">hypertext manual pages gateway</a> on the + FreeBSD Web site. In general, the manual pages provide + information on the different commands and APIs available + to the FreeBSD user.</p> + + <p>In some cases, manual pages are written to given + information on particular topics. Notable examples of + such manual pages are <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tuning&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tuning</span>(7)</span></a> (a guide to + performance tuning), <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=security&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">security</span>(7)</span></a> (an + introduction to FreeBSD security), and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=style&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">style</span>(9)</span></a> (a style guide + to kernel coding).</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN158">4.3 Books and + Articles</a></h2> + + <p>Two highly-useful collections of FreeBSD-related + information, maintained by the FreeBSD Project, are the + FreeBSD Handbook and FreeBSD FAQ (Frequently Asked + Questions document). On-line versions of the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" + target="_top">Handbook</a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/" + target="_top">FAQ</a> are always available from the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html" target= + "_top">FreeBSD Documentation page</a> or its mirrors. If + you install the <tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt> + distribution set, you can use a Web browser to read the + Handbook and FAQ locally.</p> + + <p>A number of on-line books and articles, also + maintained by the FreeBSD Project, cover + more-specialized, FreeBSD-related topics. This material + spans a wide range of topics, from effective use of the + mailing lists, to dual-booting FreeBSD with other + operating systems, to guidelines for new committers. Like + the Handbook and FAQ, these documents are available from + the FreeBSD Documentation Page or in the <tt class= + "FILENAME">doc</tt> distribution set.</p> + + <p>A listing of other books and documents about FreeBSD + can be found in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html" + target="_top">bibliography</a> of the FreeBSD Handbook. + Because of FreeBSD's strong UNIX heritage, many other + articles and books written for UNIX systems are + applicable as well, some of which are also listed in the + bibliography.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN169">5 + Acknowledgments</a></h1> + + <p>FreeBSD represents the cumulative work of many hundreds, + if not thousands, of individuals from around the world who + have worked countless hours to bring about this snapshot. + For a complete list of FreeBSD developers and contributors, + please see <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/" + target="_top">``Contributors to FreeBSD''</a> on the + FreeBSD Web site or any of its mirrors.</p> + + <p>Special thanks also go to the many thousands of FreeBSD + users and testers all over the world, without whom this + snapshot simply would not have been possible.</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr> + + <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related + documents, can be downloaded from <a href= + "ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> + before contacting <<a href= + "mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 5-CURRENT + should subscribe to the <<a href= + "mailto:current@FreeBSD.org">current@FreeBSD.org</a>> + mailing list.</small></small></p> + + <p align="center">For questions about this documentation, + e-mail <<a href= + "mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</p> + <br> + <br> + </body> +</html> + diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/relnotes-alpha.html b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/relnotes-alpha.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ba5ad88ca --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/relnotes-alpha.html @@ -0,0 +1,5039 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> + <head> + <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"> + <title>FreeBSD/alpha 5.0-DP1 Release Notes</title> + <meta name="GENERATOR" content= + "Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 "> + <link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css"> + </head> + + <body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link= + "#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> + <div class="ARTICLE"> + <div class="TITLEPAGE"> + <h1 class="TITLE"><a name="AEN2">FreeBSD/alpha 5.0-DP1 + Release Notes</a></h1> + + <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3> + + <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 by + The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p> + + <p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: + src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v + 1.299 2002/03/13 05:41:41 bmah Exp $<br> + </p> + + <div> + <div class="ABSTRACT"> + <a name="AEN11"></a> + + <p>The release notes for FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 contain a + summary of the changes made in the FreeBSD base system + since 4.0-RELEASE. Both changes for kernel and userland + are listed, as well as applicable security advisories + that were issued since the last release. Some brief + remarks on upgrading are also presented.</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr> + </div> + + <div class="TOC"> + <dl> + <dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt> + + <dt>1 <a href="#AEN13">Introduction</a></dt> + + <dt>2 <a href="#AEN18">What's New</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.1 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.1.1 <a href="#AEN276">Processor/Motherboard + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.2 <a href="#AEN305">Bootloader + Changes</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.3 <a href="#AEN324">Network Interface + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.4 <a href="#AEN553">Network + Protocols</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.5 <a href="#AEN678">Disks and + Storage</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.6 <a href="#AEN815">Filesystems</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.7 <a href="#AEN890">PCCARD + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.8 <a href="#AEN911">Multimedia + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.9 <a href="#AEN935">Contributed + Software</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>2.2 <a href="#SECURITY">Security-Related + Changes</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.3.1 <a href="#AEN2627">Contributed + Software</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.2 <a href="#AEN2998">Ports/Packages + Collection</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>3 <a href="#AEN3091">Upgrading from previous releases + of FreeBSD</a></dt> + </dl> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN13">1 Introduction</a></h1> + + <p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD + 5.0-DP1 on the Alpha/AXP hardware platform. It describes + new features of FreeBSD that have been added (or changed) + since 4.0-RELEASE. It also provides some notes on upgrading + from previous versions of FreeBSD.</p> + + <p>The snapshot distribution to which these release notes + apply represents a point along the 5-CURRENT development + branch between 4.0-RELEASE and the future 5.0-RELEASE. Some + pre-built, binary snapshot distributions along this branch + can be found at <a href= + "ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" target= + "_top">ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN18">2 What's New</a></h1> + + <p>This section describes the most user-visible new or + changed features in FreeBSD since 4.0-RELEASE. Typical + release note items document new drivers or hardware + support, new commands or options, major bugfixes, or + contributed software upgrades. Security advisories issued + after 4.0-RELEASE are also listed. In general, changes + described here are unique to the 5-CURRENT branch unless + specifically marked as [MERGED] features.</p> + + <p>Many additional changes were made to FreeBSD that are + not listed here for lack of space. For example, + documentation was corrected and improved, minor bugs were + fixed, insecure coding practices were audited and + corrected, and source code was cleaned up.</p> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="KERNEL">2.1 Kernel + Changes</a></h2> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=agp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">agp</span>(4)</span></a> driver for AGP + devices has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> command <tt + class="COMMAND">show pcpu</tt> lists some of the per-CPU + data.</p> + + <p>Two new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> commands, <tt + class="COMMAND">hwatch</tt> and <tt class= + "COMMAND">dhwatch</tt>, have been introduced. Analogous + to <tt class="COMMAND">watch</tt> and <tt class= + "COMMAND">dwatch</tt>, they install hardware watchpoints + (as opposed to software watchpoints) if supported by the + architecture. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a>, which allows + entries in the <tt class="FILENAME">/dev</tt> directory + to be built automatically and supports more flexible + attachment of devices, has been largely reworked. <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> is now enabled + by default and can be disabled by the <tt class= + "LITERAL">NODEVFS</tt> kernel option.</p> + + <p>The dgm driver has been removed in favor of the digi + driver.</p> + + <p>A new digi driver has been added to support PCI + Xr-based and ISA Xem Digiboard cards. A new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=digictl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">digictl</span>(8)</span></a> program is + (mainly) used to re-initialize cards that have external + port modules attached such as the PC/Xem.</p> + + <p>An <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eaccess&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">eaccess</span>(2)</span></a> system call + has been added, similar to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=access&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">access</span>(2)</span></a> except that + the former uses effective credentials rather than real + credentials.</p> + + <p>Each <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> environment can + now run under its own securelevel.</p> + + <p>The tunable sysctl variables for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> have moved from + <tt class="VARNAME">jail.*</tt> to the <tt class= + "VARNAME">security.*</tt> hierarchy. Other + security-related sysctl variables have moved from <tt + class="VARNAME">kern.security.*</tt> to <tt class= + "VARNAME">security.*</tt>.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="VARNAME">kern.maxvnodes</tt> limit now + properly limits the number of vnodes in use. Previously + only vnodes with no cached pages could be freed; this + could allow the number of vnodes to grow without limit on + large-memory machines accessing many small files. A <tt + class="LITERAL">vnlru</tt> kernel thread helps to flush + and reuse vnodes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The kernel message buffer is now accessible by the + (machine-independent) <tt class= + "VARNAME">kern.msgbuf</tt> sysctl variable; <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dmesg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dmesg</span>(8)</span></a> no longer + needs to be SGID <tt class="GROUPNAME">kmem</tt>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> event + notification facility was added to the FreeBSD kernel. + This is a new interface which is able to replace <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=poll&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">poll</span>(2)</span></a>/<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=select&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">select</span>(2)</span></a>, offering + improved performance, as well as the ability to report + many different types of events. Support for monitoring + changes in sockets, pipes, fifos, and files are present, + as well as for signals and processes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=labpc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">labpc</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been removed due to ``bitrot''.</p> + + <p>The loader and kernel linker now look for files named + <tt class="FILENAME">linker.hints</tt> in each directory + with KLDs for a module name and version to KLD filename + mapping. The new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldxref&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">kldxref</span>(8)</span></a> utility is + used to generate these files.</p> + + <p>Linux emulation now supports the kernel functionality + required by the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/linux_base-7/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">emulators/linux_base-7</tt></a> + (RedHat 7.X emulation) port. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Linux emulation now requires <tt class= + "LITERAL">options SYSVSEM</tt> in the kernel + configuration. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lomac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lomac</span>(4)</span></a>, a + Low-Watermark Mandatory Access Control security facility, + has been added as a kernel module. It provides a drop-in + security mechanism in addition to the traditional + UID-based security facilities, requiring no additional + configuration from the administrator. Work on this + feature was sponsored by DARPA and NAI Labs.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="VARNAME">maxusers</tt> kernel + configuration parameter is now a boot-time tunable + variable. The kernel parameters derived from <tt class= + "VARNAME">maxusers</tt> are now also tunables and can be + overridden at boot-time. The <tt class="VARNAME">hz</tt> + parameter is also now a tunable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Specifying a value of <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> for + the <tt class="VARNAME">maxusers</tt> kernel + configuration parameter will now cause an appropriate + value to be calculated at boot-time (between 32 and 384, + depending on the amount of memory present). This value is + now the default for all <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> + kernels. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A <tt class="VARNAME">MAXMEM</tt> kernel option, along + with the <tt class="VARNAME">hw.physmem</tt> loader + tunable, can be used to artificially reduce the memory + size of a machine for testing (or other purposes). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The kernel configuration parameters <tt class= + "VARNAME">MAXTSIZ</tt>, <tt class="VARNAME">DFLDSIZ</tt>, + <tt class="VARNAME">MAXDSIZ</tt>, <tt class= + "VARNAME">DFLSSIZ</tt>, <tt class="VARNAME">MAXSSIZ</tt>, + and <tt class="VARNAME">SGROWSIZ</tt> are all loader + tunables (<tt class="VARNAME">kern.maxtsiz</tt>, <tt + class="VARNAME">kern.maxdfldsiz</tt>, etc.). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nmdm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">nmdm</span>(4)</span></a> null-modem + terminal driver has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">O_DIRECT</tt> flag has been + added to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=open&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">open</span>(2)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fcntl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fcntl</span>(2)</span></a>. Specifying + this flag for open files will attempt to minimize the + cache effects of reading and writing. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>An <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=orm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">orm</span>(4)</span></a> device has been + added to claim the option ROMs in the ISA memory I/O + space, to prevent other drivers from mistakenly assigning + addresses that conflict with these ROMs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>POSIX.1b Shared Memory Objects are now supported. The + implementation uses regular files, but automatically + enables the MAP_NOSYNC flag when they are <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a>-ed. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Replaced the <tt class="LITERAL">PQ_*CACHE</tt> + options with a single <tt class= + "LITERAL">PQ_CACHESIZE</tt> option to be set to the cache + size in kilobytes. The old options are still supported + for backwards compatibility. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">random</span>(4)</span></a> device has + been rewritten to use the <b class= + "APPLICATION">Yarrow</b> algorithm. It harvests entropy + from a variety of interrupt sources, including the + console devices, Ethernet and point-to-point network + interfaces, and mass-storage devices. Entropy from the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">random</span>(4)</span></a> device is now + periodically saved to files in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/var/db/entropy</tt>, as well as at shutdown + time. The semantics of <tt class= + "FILENAME">/dev/random</tt> have changed; it never blocks + waiting for entropy bits but generates a stream of + pseudo-random data and now behaves exactly as <tt class= + "FILENAME">/dev/urandom</tt>.</p> + + <p>A new kernel option, <tt class="LITERAL">options + REGRESSION</tt>, enables interfaces and functionality + intended for use during correctness and regression + testing.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">snp</span>(4)</span></a> device is no + longer static and can now be compiled as a module. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports keyboard-controlled pasting, by default bound to + <b class="KEYCAP">Shift</b>-<b class= + "KEYCAP">Insert</b>.</p> + + <p>Support for USB devices was added to the <tt class= + "FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel and to the installation + programs to support USB devices out of the box. Note that + SRM does not support USB devices at the moment, so you + must still use an AT keyboard if you are not using a + serial console. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">USER_LDT</tt> kernel option is + now activated by default.</p> + + <p>A VESA S3 linear framebuffer driver has been + added.</p> + + <p>Write combining for crashdumps has been implemented. + This feature is useful when write caching is disabled on + both SCSI and IDE disks, where large memory dumps could + take up to an hour to complete. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Extremely large swap areas (>67 GB) no longer panic + the system.</p> + + <p>Support for threads under Linux emulation has been + added.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="MAKETARGET">buildkernel</tt> target now + gets the name of the configuration(s) to build from the + <tt class="VARNAME">KERNCONF</tt> variable, not <tt + class="VARNAME">KERNEL</tt>. It is no longer required, in + some cases, for a <tt class="MAKETARGET">buildworld</tt> + to precede a <tt class="MAKETARGET">buildkernel</tt>. + (The <tt class="MAKETARGET">buildworld</tt> is still + required when upgrading across major releases, across <b + class="APPLICATION">binutil</b> updates and when <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> changes + version.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The out-of-swap process termination code now begins + killing processes earlier to avoid deadlocks; it now also + takes into account the swap space used by processes when + computing the process sizes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Linker sets are now self-contained; <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gensetdefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gensetdefs</span>(8)</span></a> is + unnecessary and has been removed.</p> + + <p>Numerous SMP-friendly changes have been made to the + kernel's mbuf allocator.</p> + + <p>Network device cloning has been implemented, and the + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gif</span>(4)</span></a> device has been + modified to take advantage of it. Thus, instead of + specifying how many <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gif</span>(4)</span></a> interfaces are + available in kernel configuration files, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>'s <tt + class="OPTION">create</tt> option should be used when + another device instance is desired. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>It is now possible to hardwire kernel environment + variables (such as tuneables) at compile-time using <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>'s <tt class= + "LITERAL">ENV</tt> directive.</p> + + <p>Idle zeroing of pages can be enabled with the <tt + class="VARNAME">vm.zeroidle_enable</tt> sysctl + variable.</p> + + <p>Coredumps of large processes (or of a large number of + processes) no longer lock up the machine for long periods + of time. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The kernel is now aware of the concept that there are + smaller units of scheduling than a process (but only one + thread per process is allowed at this time).</p> + + <p>The kernel now has support for multiple low-level + console devices. The new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a> utility + helps to manage the different consoles.</p> + + <p>The console driver has gained support for TGA-based + display adapters.</p> + + <p>The kernel on the installation CDs is now separated + from the <tt class="FILENAME">mfsroot</tt> image. This + permits the use of a full kernel when installing from CD + on machines that support CD booting (instead of the + stripped-down kernel used on floppies). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The system load average computation now adds some + jitter to the timing of samples, in order to avoid + synchronization with processes that run periodically. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>If a debugging kernel with modules is being built + (i.e. using <tt class="LITERAL">makeoptions + DEBUG=-g</tt>), the modules will now be built with + debugging support as well, for completeness. A side + effect of this change is that modules built and installed + with debugging kernels will now occupy more space on disk + than they did previously. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The kernel dump device can now be set via the <tt + class="VARNAME">dumpdev</tt> loader tunable. As a result, + it is now possible to obtain crash dumps from panics + during the late stages of kernel initialization (before + the system enters into single-user mode). [MERGED]</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN276">2.1.1 + Processor/Motherboard Support</a></h3> + + <p>SMP support has been largely reworked, incorporating + code from BSD/OS 5.0. One of the main features of SMPng + (``SMP Next Generation'') is to allow more processes to + run in kernel, without the need for spin locks that can + dramatically reduce the efficiency of multiple + processors. Interrupt handlers now have contexts + associated with them that allow them to be blocked, + which reduces the need to lock out interrupts.</p> + + <p>AlphaServer 1200 (``Tincup'') has been tested and + works OK. Currently it does not want to boot from CD or + floppy but a transplanted disk that was installed on + another Alpha works well. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The API UP1100 mainboard has been verified to + work.</p> + + <p>The API CS20 1U high server has been verified to + work.</p> + + <p>The DEC3000 series support has been removed from the + mfsroot floppy image so that it fits on a 1.44 Mbyte + floppy again. As the DEC3000 is currently only usable + diskless this should not cause any problems.</p> + + <p>Support for AlphaServer 2100A (``Lynx'') has been + added.</p> + + <p>Kernel code has been added that allows older + generation Alpha CPUs (EV4 and EV5) to emulate + instructions of the newer Alpha CPU generations. This + enables the use of binary-only programs like <b class= + "APPLICATION">Adobe Acrobat 4</b> on EV4 and EV5.</p> + + <p>SMP support for the Alpha is now operational.</p> + + <p>Support for the following hardware has been removed + from the installation kernel to make it fit on a 1.44MB + floppy again: Multia, NoName, PC64, EB64, Aspen Alpine, + sa (SCSI tape), amr, parallel port support, vx (3c590, + 3c595), pcn (AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100), sf (Adaptec + AIC-6915), sis (SiS 900/SiS 7016), ste (Sundance ST201 + (D-Link DFE-550TX)), wb (Winbond W89C840F).</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN305">2.1.2 Bootloader + Changes</a></h3> + + <p>The FreeBSD boot loader is now capable of booting + from filesystems with block sizes larger than 8K. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The kernel and modules have been moved to the + directory <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/kernel</tt>, so + they can be easily manipulated together. The boot + loader has been updated to make this change as seamless + as possible.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN324">2.1.3 Network + Interface Support</a></h3> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> driver for + Cisco Aironet cards now supports Wired Equivalent + Privacy (WEP) encryption, settable via <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ancontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ancontrol</span>(8)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports the Cisco Aironet 350 series of adaptors. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports ``monitor'' mode, settable via the <tt class= + "OPTION">-M</tt> option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ancontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ancontrol</span>(8)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports Cisco LEAP, as well as the ``Home'' WEP key. + The Linux Aironet utilities are now supported under + emulation. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports NICs based on the Xircom 3201 and Conexant + LANfinity RS7112 chips.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for VLANs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + performs round-robin arbitration between the transmit + and receive units of the 21143, instead of giving + priority to the receive unit. This gives a 10-15% + performance improvement in the forwarding rate under + heavy load. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver is now + supported.</p> + + <p>A bug in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver that + could cause panics with very short packets and BPF or + bridging active has been fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for D-Link DL10022 chips, necessary for the + NetGear FA-410TX and other cards. As a result, <tt + class="LITERAL">device miibus</tt> is required in + kernel configurations using the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=faith&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">faith</span>(4)</span></a> device is + now loadable, unloadable, and clonable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports Digital's DEFPA FDDI adaptors on the Alpha. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + requires a <tt class="LITERAL">device miibus</tt> entry + in the kernel configuration file. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + contains a workaround for PCI protocol violations + caused by defects in some systems based on the Intel + ICH2/ICH2-M chip. The workaround is to rewrite the + EEPROM on the interface to disable Dynamic Standby + Mode; once the EEPROM is rewritten, the system needs to + be rebooted for the new settings to take effect. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports Intel's loadable microcode to implement + receive-side interrupt coalescing and packet bundling, + on NICs that support these features. This support can + be activated by the use of the <tt class= + "OPTION">link0</tt> option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been + added to support NICs based on the Intel 82542 and + 82543 Gigabit Ethernet controller chips. Both fiber and + copper variants of the cards are supported. Both boards + support VLAN tagging/insertion, and the 82543 + additionally supports TCP/IP checksum offload. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lge</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been added to support the Level 1 LXT1001 NetCellerator + Gigabit Ethernet controller chip. This device is used + on some fiber optic GigE cards from SMC, D-Link and + Addtron. Jumbograms and TCP/IP checksum offload on + receive are supported, although hardware VLAN filtering + is not. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Added the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a> driver, which + supports PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the + National Semiconductor DP83820 and DP83821 Gigabit + Ethernet controller chips, including the D-Link + DGE-500T, SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX), Asante + FriendlyNet GigaNIC 1000TA and 1000TPC and Addtron + AEG320T. This driver supports transmit and receive + checksum offloading. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> driver, which + supports the AMD PCnet/FAST, PCnet/FAST+, PCnet/FAST + III, PCnet/PRO, PCnet/Home, and HomePNA adapters, has + been added. Although these cards are already supported + by the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> driver, the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> driver runs + these chips in 32-bit mode and uses the RX alignment + feature to achieve zero-copy receive. This driver is + also machine-independent, so it will work on both the + i386 and Alpha platforms. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> driver is + still needed to support non-PCI cards. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ray&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ray</span>(4)</span></a> driver, which + supports the Webgear Aviator wireless network cards, + has been committed. The operation of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ray&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ray</span>(4)</span></a> interfaces can + be modified by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=raycontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">raycontrol</span>(8)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Added support for PCI Ethernet adapters based on the + SiS 900 and SiS 7016 Fast Ethernet controller chips + (for example, as seen on the SiS 635 and 735 + motherboard chipsets), as well as the National + Semiconductor DP83815 chipset (including the NetGear + FA311-TX and FA312-TX) in the form of the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver. This + device has support for VLANs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> device is now + clonable.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tap&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tap</span>(4)</span></a> driver, a + virtual Ethernet device driver for bridged + configurations, has been added. This device is + clonable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports the Alteon AceNIC 1000baseT Gigabit Ethernet + and Netgear GA620T 1000baseT Gigabit cards. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver + correctly masks VLAN tags. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been added to support NICs based on the 3Com 3XP + Typhoon/Sidewinder (3CR990) chipset. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vlan</span>(4)</span></a> devices are + now loadable, unloadable, and clonable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for Prism II and Prism 2.5-based NICs. + 104/128-bit WEP now works on Prism cards. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports the 3Com 3C556 and 3C556B MiniPCI adapters + used on some laptops. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports reception of VLAN tagged frames (on the + ``Cyclone'' or newer chipsets). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports send- and receive-side TCP/IP checksum + offloading for NICs implementing this feature, such as + the 3C905B, 3C905C, and 3C980C. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver, related + to statistics overflow interrupt handling, was causing + slowdowns at medium to high packet rates; this has been + fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The per-interface <tt class="VARNAME">ifnet</tt> + structure now has the ability to indicate a set of + capabilities supported by a network interface, and + which ones are enabled. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> has + support for querying these capabilities. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Performance with hosts having a large number of IP + aliases has been improved, by replacing the + per-interface <tt class="VARNAME">if_inaddr</tt> linear + list with a hash table. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Network devices now automatically appear as special + files in <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/net</tt>. Interface + hardware ioctls (not protocol or routing) can be + performed on these devices. The <tt class= + "VARNAME">SIOCGIFCONF</tt> ioctl may be performed on + the special <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/network</tt> + node.</p> + + <p>Selected network drivers now implement a + semi-polling mode, which makes systems much more + resilient to attacks and overloads. To enable polling, + the following options are required in a kernel + configuration file:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEVICE_POLLING + options HZ=1000 # not compulsory but strongly recommended +</pre> + The <tt class="VARNAME">kern.polling.enable</tt> sysctl + variable will then activate polling mode; with the <tt + class="VARNAME">kern.polling.user_frac</tt> sysctl + indicating the percentage of CPU time to be reserved + for userland. The devices initially supporting polling + are <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>. More details + can be found in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a> manual + page. [MERGED]<br> + <br> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN553">2.1.4 Network + Protocols</a></h3> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=accept_filter&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">accept_filter</span>(9)</span></a>, a + kernel feature to reduce overheads when accepting and + reading new connections on listening sockets, has been + added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">proxy</tt> modifier to <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">arp</span>(8)</span></a>'s <tt class= + "OPTION">-d</tt> option has been renamed to <tt class= + "LITERAL">pub</tt>, for consistency with the <tt class= + "OPTION">-s</tt> option. The <tt class= + "LITERAL">only</tt> keyword has been added to the <tt + class="OPTION">-s</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> + flags, to be used in creating ``proxy-only'' published + entries. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The read timeout feature of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bpf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bpf</span>(4)</span></a> now works more + correctly with <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=select&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">select</span>(2)</span></a>/<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=poll&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">poll</span>(2)</span></a>, and + therefore with pthreads. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bridge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bridge</span>(4)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dummynet&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dummynet</span>(4)</span></a> have + received some enhancements and bug fixes, and are now + loadable modules. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bridge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bridge</span>(4)</span></a> now has + better support for multiple, fully-independent bridging + clusters, and is much more stable in the presence of + dynamic attachments and detatchments. Full support for + VLANs is also supported. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>ICMP ECHO and TSTAMP replies are now rate limited. + TCP RSTs generated due to packets sent to open and + unopen ports are now limited by separate counters. Each + rate limiting queue now has its own description.</p> + + <p>ICMP <tt class="LITERAL">UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB</tt> + messages can now RST TCP connections in the <tt class= + "LITERAL">SYN_SENT</tt> state if the correct sequence + numbers are sent back, as controlled by the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.icmp_may_rst</tt> sysctl.</p> + + <p>IP multicast now works on VLAN devices. Several + other bugs in the VLAN code have also been fixed.</p> + + <p>A bug in the IPSec processing for IPv4, which caused + the inbound SPD checks to be ignored, has been fixed. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> now filters + correctly in the presence of ECN bits in TCP segments. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_eth&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_eth</span>(4)</span></a> netgraph + node allows Ethernet type packets to be filtered to + different hooks depending on ethertype.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_gif</span>(4)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_gif_demux&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_gif_demux</span>(4)</span></a> + netgraph nodes, for operating on <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gif</span>(4)</span></a> devices, have + been added.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ip_input&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ip_input</span>(4)</span></a> + netgraph node, for queueing IP packets into the main IP + input processing code, has been added.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_mppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_mppc</span>(4)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bridge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bridge</span>(4)</span></a> node + types have been added to the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netgraph&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netgraph</span>(4)</span></a> + subsystem. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ether&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ether</span>(4)</span></a> node is + now dynamically loadable. Miscellaneous bug fixes and + enhancements have also been made. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new netgraph node type <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_one2many&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_one2many</span>(4)</span></a> for + multiplexing and demultiplexing packets over multiple + links has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new sysctl <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.ip.check_interface</tt>, which is on + by default, causes IP to verify that an incoming packet + arrives on an interface that has an address matching + the packet's destination address. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new sysctl <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_wrong_iface</tt> + has been added to control the suppression of logging + when ARP replies arrive on the wrong interface. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <tt class="LITERAL">options RANDOM_IP_ID</tt> + kernel option causes the ID field of IP packets to be + randomized. This closes a minor information leak which + allows a remote observer to determine the rate at which + the machine is generating packets, since the default + behavior is to increment a counter for each packet + sent. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>SLIP has been removed from the <tt class= + "FILENAME">mfsroot</tt> floppy image.</p> + + <p>TCP has received some bug fixes for its delayed ACK + behavior. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP now supports the NewReno modification to the TCP + Fast Recovery algorithm. This behavior can be + controlled via the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.newreno</tt> sysctl variable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP now uses a more aggressive timeout for initial + SYN segments; this allows initial connection attempts + to be dropped much faster. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">TCP_COMPAT_42</tt> kernel + option has been removed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">TCP_RESTRICT_RST</tt> kernel + option has been removed. Similar functionality can be + achieved with the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.blackhole</tt> sysctl variable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP now has RFC 1323 extensions enabled by default + in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>RFC 1323 and RFC 1644 TCP extensions are now + disabled for a connection in progress if no response + has been received by the third SYN segment sent. This + behavior tries to work around (very old) terminal + servers with buggy VJ header compression + implementations. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The TCP implementation no longer requires the + allocation of a TCP template structure for each + connection; this should reduce the buffer usage on + large systems handling many connections. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP's default buffer sizes, controlled by the <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.sendspace</tt> and <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.recvspace</tt> sysctl + variables, have been increased to 32K and 64K + respectively. Previously, the default for both buffer + sizes was 16K. To try to avoid increasing congestion, + the default value for <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.local_slowstart_flightsize</tt> + has been changed from infinity to 4. [MERGED]</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> On busy hosts, the new larger + buffer sizes may require manually increasing the + <tt class="VARNAME">NMBCLUSTERS</tt> parameter, + either in the kernel configuration file or via the + <tt class="VARNAME">kern.ipc.nmbclusters</tt> + loader tunable. <tt class="COMMAND">netstat + -mb</tt> can be used to monitor the state of mbuf + clusters.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br> + <br> + + <p>TCP now supports RFC 1948 (Defending Against + Sequence Number Attacks). This functionality is + controlled by the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.strict_rfc1948</tt> and <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.isn_reseed_interval</tt> + sysctl variables. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The TCP implementation in FreeBSD now implements a + cache of outstanding, received SYN segments. Incoming + SYN segments now cause entries to be placed in the + cache until the TCP three-way handshake is complete, at + which point, memory is allocated for the connection as + usual. In addition, all TCP Initial Sequence Numbers + (ISNs) are used as cookies, allowing entries in the + cache to be dropped, but still have their corresponding + ACKs accepted later. The combination of the so-called + ``syncache'' and ``syncookies'' features makes a host + much more resistant to TCP-based Denial of Service + attacks. Work on this feature was sponsored by DARPA + and NAI Labs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in the TCP implementation, which could cause + connections to stall if a sender saw a zero-sized + window, has been corrected. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The TCP implementation now properly ignores packets + addressed to IP-layer broadcast addresses. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN678">2.1.5 Disks and + Storage</a></h3> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + received numerous updates, bugfixes, and enhancements. + Among various improvements are improved compatibility + with chips in ``RAID Port'' mode and systems with AAA + and/or ARO cards installed, as well as performance + improvements. Some bugs were also fixed, including a + rare hang on Ultra2/U160 controllers. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for ATA100 controllers. In addition, it now + supports the ServerWorks ROSB4 ATA33 chipset, the CMD + 648 ATA66 and CMD 649 ATA100 chipsets, and the Cyrix + 5530. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>To provide more flexible configuration, the various + options for the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver are now + boot loader tunables, rather than kernel configure-time + options. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for tagged queuing, which is enabled by the <tt + class="VARNAME">hw.ata.tags</tt> loader tunable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for ATA ``pseudo'' RAID controllers as the + Promise Fasttrak and HighPoint HPT370 controllers. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports a wider variety of SiS chipsets, as listed in + the Hardware Notes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for rebuilding failed drives in a RAID1 + configuration, under control of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atacontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">atacontrol</span>(8)</span></a></p> + + <p>The BurnProof(TM) feature, for applicable ATAPI + CD-ROM burners, is now supported. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for 48-bit addressing. Devices larger than + 137GB are now supported. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + contains fixes for some data corruption problems on + systems using the VIA 82C686B Southbridge chip. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The CAM error recovery code has been updated.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for write operations. This allows writing to + DVD-RAM, PD and similar drives that probe as CD + devices. Note that change affects only random-access + writeable devices, not sequential-only writeable + devices such as CD-R drives, which are supported by <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a> (a part + of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> in the + Ports Collection. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a> floppy disk + has undergone a number of enhancements. Density + selection for common settings is now automatic; the + driver is also much more flexible in setting the + densities of various subdevices.</p> + + <p>The ida disk driver now has crashdump support. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug that made certain CDROM drives fail to attach + when connected to a SCSI card driven by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> has been + fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver is now + proactive about discovering Fibre Channel topology + changes.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports target mode for Qlogic SCSI cards, including + Ultra2 and Ultra3 and dual bus cards.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports the Qlogic 2300 and 2312 Optical Fibre Channel + PCI cards. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a>, the memory + disk device, has had the functionality of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vn</span>(4)</span></a> incorporated + into it. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a> devices can now + be configured by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vn</span>(4)</span></a> has been + removed. The Memory Filesystem (MFS) has also been + removed.</p> + + <p>Some problems in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sa</span>(4)</span></a> error handling + have been fixed, including the ``tape drive spinning + indefinitely upon <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mt</span>(1)</span></a> <tt class= + "OPTION">stat</tt>'' problem.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> volume + manager has received some bug fixes and + enhancements.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wd</span>(4)</span></a> compatibility + devices were removed from the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver. + [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN815">2.1.6 + Filesystems</a></h3> + + <p>Support for named extended attributes was added to + the FreeBSD kernel. This allows the kernel, and + appropriately privileged userland processes, to tag + files and directories with attribute data. Extended + attributes were added to support the TrustedBSD + Project, in particular ACLs, capability data, and + mandatory access control labels (see <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.extattr</tt> for + details).</p> + + <p>Due to a licensing change, softupdates have been + integrated into the main portion of the kernel source + tree. As a consequence, softupdates are now available + with the <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A filesystem snapshot capability has been added to + FFS. Details can be found in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ffs/README.snapshot</tt>.</p> + + <p>Softupdates for FFS have received some bug fixes and + enhancements.</p> + + <p>When running with softupdates, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=statfs&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">statfs</span>(2)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> will track the + number of blocks and files that are committed to being + freed.</p> + + <p>A bug in FFS that could cause superblock corruption + on very large filesystems has been corrected. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The Inode Filesystem (IFS) has been added; more + information can be found in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ifs/README</tt>.</p> + + <p>The ISO-9660 filesystem now has a hook that supports + a loadable character conversion routine. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cd9660_unicode/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/cd9660_unicode</tt></a> + port contains a set of common conversions.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kernfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">kernfs</span>(5)</span></a> is obsolete + and has been retired.</p> + + <p>A bug in the NFS client that caused bogus access + times with <tt class="LITERAL">O_EXCL|O_CREAT</tt> + opens was fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new NFS hash function (based on the Fowler/Noll/Vo + hash algorithm) has been implemented to improve NFS + performance by increasing the efficiency of the <tt + class="VARNAME">nfsnode</tt> hash tables. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Client-side NFS locks have been implemented.</p> + + <p>The client-side and server-side of the NFS code in + the kernel used to be intertwined in various complex + ways. They have been split apart for ease of + maintenance and further development.</p> + + <p>Support for filesystem Access Control Lists (ACLs) + has been introduced, allowing more fine-grained control + of discretionary access control on files and + directories. This support was integrated from the + TrustedBSD Project. More details can be found in <tt + class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.acls</tt>.</p> + + <p>The directory layout preference algorithm for FFS + (<tt class="LITERAL">dirprefs</tt>) has been changed. + Rather than scattering directory blocks across a disk, + it attempts to group related directory blocks together. + Operations traversing large directory hierarchies, such + as the FreeBSD Ports tree, have shown marked speedups. + This change is transparent and automatic for new + directories. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>For consistency, the fdesc, fifo, null, msdos, + portal, umap, and union filesystems have been renamed + to fdescfs, fifofs, msdosfs, nullfs, portalfs, umapfs, + and unionfs. Where applicable, modules and mount_* + programs have been renamed. Compatibility ``glue'' has + been added to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> so that <tt + class="LITERAL">msdos</tt> filesystem entries in <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a> will work + without changes.</p> + + <p>pseudofs, a pseudo-filesystem framework, has been + added. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linprocfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> have been + modified to use pseudofs.</p> + + <p>A simple hash-based lookup optimization for large + directories called <tt class="LITERAL">dirhash</tt> has + been added. Conditional on the <tt class= + "LITERAL">UFS_DIRHASH</tt> kernel option (enabled by + default in the <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> + kernel), it improves the speed of operations on very + large directories at the expense of some memory. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The virtual memory subsystem now backs UFS directory + memory requirements by default (this behavior is + controlled via the <tt class= + "VARNAME">vfs.vmiodirenable</tt> sysctl variable). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug that prevented the root filesystem from being + mounted from a SCSI CDROM has been fixed (ATAPI CDROMs + were always supported). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A number of bugs in the filesystem code, discovered + through the use of the <b class="APPLICATION">fsx</b> + filesystem test tool, have been fixed. Under certain + circumstances (primarily related to use of NFS), these + bugs could cause data corruption or kernel panics. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Network filesystems (such as NFS and smbfs + filesystems) listed in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> can now be properly mounted + during startup initialization; their mounts are + deferred until after the network is initialized.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN890">2.1.7 PCCARD + Support</a></h3> + + <p>On many modern hosts, PCCARD devices can be + configured to route their interrupts via either the ISA + or PCI interrupt paths. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcic</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been updated to support both interrupt paths (formerly, + only routing via ISA was supported). [MERGED] In most + cases, configuration of PCMCIA devices in laptops is + simpler and more flexible. In addition, various Cardbus + bridge PCI cards (such as those used by Orinoco PCI + NICs) are now supported. Some hosts may experience + problems, such as hangs or panics, with PCI interrupt + routing; they can frequently be made to work by forcing + the older-style ISA interrupt routing. The following + lines, placed in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt>, may fix the + problem:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + hw.pcic.intr_path="1" + hw.pcic.irq="0" +</pre> + + <p>When installing FreeBSD on such a system, typing the + following lines to the boot loader may be helpful in + starting up FreeBSD for the first time:</p> + + <p> </p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">ok</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>set hw.pcic.intr_path="1"</b></tt> + <tt class="PROMPT">ok</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>set hw.pcic.irq="0"</b></tt> +</pre> + <br> + <br> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN911">2.1.8 Multimedia + Support</a></h3> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + snd_maestro3_load="YES" +</pre> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bktr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bktr</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been updated to 2.18. This update provides a number of + new features. New tuner types have been added, and + improvements to the KLD module and to memory allocation + have been made. Bugs in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> when + unloading and reloading have been fixed. Support for + new Hauppauge Model 44xxx WinTV Cards (the ones with no + audio mux) has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>When sound modules are built, one can now load all + the drivers and infrastructure by <tt class= + "COMMAND">kldload snd</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new API has been added for sound cards with + hardware volume control.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN935">2.1.9 Contributed + Software</a></h3> + + <p>The Forth Inspired Command Language (<b class= + "APPLICATION">FICL</b>) used in the boot loader has + been updated to 2.05.</p> + + <p>Support for Advanced Configuration and Power + Interface (ACPI), a multi-vendor standard for + configuration and power management, has been added. + This functionality has been provided by the <b class= + "APPLICATION">Intel ACPI Component Architecture</b> + project, as of the ACPI CA 20020308 snapshot. Some + backward compatability for applications using the older + APM standard has been provided.</p> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN941">2.1.9.1 + IPFilter</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> has been + updated to 3.4.20. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> now supports + IPv6. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="KAME-KERNEL">2.1.9.3 + KAME</a></h4> + + <p>The IPv6 stack is now based on a snapshot based on + the KAME Project's IPv6 snapshot as of 28 May, 2001. + Most of the items listed in this section are a result + of this import. <a href="#KAME-USERLAND">Section + 2.3.1.3</a> lists userland updates to the KAME IPv6 + stack. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gif</span>(4)</span></a> is now based + on RFC 2893, rather than RFC 1933. The <tt class= + "LITERAL">IFF_LINK2</tt> interface flag can be used + to control ingress filtering. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">IPSec</b> has received some + enhancements, including the ability to use the + Rijndael and SHA2 algorithms. IPSec RC5 support has + been removed due to patent issues. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> now conforms + to RFC 3056; the <tt class="LITERAL">IFF_LINK2</tt> + interface flag can be used to control ingress + filtering. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>IPv6 has better checking of illegal addresses + (such as loopback addresses) on physical networks. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="VARNAME">IPV6_V6ONLY</tt> socket + option is now completely supported. The kernel's + default behavior with respect to this option is + controlled by the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet6.ip6.v6only</tt> sysctl variable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>RFC 3041 (Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address + Autoconfiguration) is now supported. It can be + enabled via the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet6.ip6.use_tempaddr</tt> sysctl + variable. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="SECURITY">2.2 Security-Related + Changes</a></h2> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now + allows the user to select one of two ``security + profiles'' at install-time. These profiles enable + different levels of system security by enabling or + disabling various system services in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> on new + installs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in which malformed ELF executable images can + hang the system has been fixed (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-00:41). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in Linux emulation was fixed (see + security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:42). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>String-handling library calls in many programs were + fixed to reduce the possibility of buffer + overflow-related exploits. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP now uses stronger randomness in choosing its + initial sequence numbers (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-00:52). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Several buffer overflows in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a> were + corrected (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:61). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> was corrected + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:62). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A potential security hole caused by an + off-by-one-error in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyname&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyname</span>(3)</span></a> has + been fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:63). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A potential buffer overflow in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncurses&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ncurses</span>(3)</span></a> library, + which could cause arbitrary code to be run from within <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=systat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">systat</span>(1)</span></a>, has been + corrected (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:68). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">telnetd</span>(8)</span></a> that could + cause it to consume large amounts of server resources has + been fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:69). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">nat deny_incoming</tt> command + in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> now works + correctly (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:70). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">csh</span>(1)</span></a>/<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tcsh</span>(1)</span></a> temporary files + that could allow overwriting of arbitrary user-writable + files has been closed (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-00:76). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a> binary is no + longer SUID root by default. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Some fixes were applied to the Kerberos IV + implementation related to environment variables, a + possible buffer overrun, and overwriting ticket files. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnet&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">telnet</span>(1)</span></a> now does a + better job of sanitizing its environment. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Several vulnerabilities in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> were fixed + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:77). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> in which a + server was unable to disable <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-agent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-agent</span>(1)</span></a> or <tt + class="LITERAL">X11Forwarding</tt> was fixed (see + security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:01). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> in which + inbound TCP segments could incorrectly be treated as + being part of an <tt class="LITERAL">established</tt> + connection has been fixed (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-01:08). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crontab&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">crontab</span>(1)</span></a> that could + allow users to read any file on the system in valid <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crontab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">crontab</span>(5)</span></a> syntax has + been fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:09). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> that could + allow read-access to the initial 16 bytes of <tt class= + "GROUPNAME">wheel</tt>-accessible files has been fixed + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:11). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=periodic&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">periodic</span>(8)</span></a> that used + insecure temporary files has been corrected (see security + advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:12). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sort&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sort</span>(1)</span></a> in which an + attacker might be able to cause it to abort processing + has been fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:13). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> now has code to + prevent (instead of just mitigating through connection + limits) an attack that can lead to guessing the server + key (not host key) by regenerating the server key when an + RSA failure is detected (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-01:24). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A number of programs have had output formatting + strings corrected so as to reduce the risk of + vulnerabilities. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A number of programs that use temporary files now do + so more securely. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in ICMP that could cause an attacker to disrupt + TCP and UDP ``sessions'' has been corrected. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=timed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">timed</span>(8)</span></a>, which caused + it to crash if send certain malformed packets, has been + corrected (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:28). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rwhod&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rwhod</span>(8)</span></a>, which caused + it to crash if send certain malformed packets, has been + corrected (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:29). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in FreeBSD's FFS and EXT2FS + implementations, which allowed a race condition that + could cause users to have unauthorized access to data, + has been fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:30). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A remotely-exploitable vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ntpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ntpd</span>(8)</span></a> has been closed + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:31). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in <b class= + "APPLICATION">IPFilter</b>'s fragment cache has been + closed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:32). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Buffer overflows in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=glob&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">glob</span>(3)</span></a>, which could + cause arbitrary code to be run on an FTP server, have + been closed. In addition, to prevent some forms of DOS + attacks, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=glob&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">glob</span>(3)</span></a> allows + specification of a limit on the number of pathname + matches it will return. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now uses this + feature (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:33). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Initial sequence numbers in TCP are more thoroughly + randomized (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:39). Due + to some possible compatibility issues, the behavior of + this security fix can be enabled or disabled via the <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.tcp_seq_genscheme</tt> + sysctl variable.[MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fts&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fts</span>(3)</span></a> routines (used + by applications for recursively traversing a filesystem) + could allow a program to operate on files outside the + intended directory hierarchy. This bug has been fixed + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:40). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>FreeBSD's TCP implementation has been made more + resistant to SYN floods, by eliminating the RST segment + normally sent when removing a connection from the listen + queue.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> now switches to the + user's UID before attempting to unlink the authentication + forwarding file, nullifying the effects of a race.</p> + + <p>A flaw allowed some signal handlers to remain in + effect in a child process after being exec-ed from its + parent. This allowed an attacker to execute arbitrary + code in the context of a setuid binary. This flaw has + been corrected (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:42). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A remote buffer overflow in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a> has been + fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:48). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A remote buffer overflow in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">telnetd</span>(8)</span></a> has been + fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:49). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The new <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.ip.maxfragpackets</tt> and <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.ip6.maxfragpackets</tt> sysctl + variables limit the amount of memory that can be consumed + by IPv4 and IPv6 packet fragments, which defends against + some denial of service attacks (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-01:52). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>All services in <tt class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt> + are now disabled by default for new installations. <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> gives the + option of enabling or disabling <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> on new + installations, as well as editing <tt class= + "FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A flaw in the implementation of the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> <tt class= + "LITERAL">me</tt> rules on point-to-point links has been + corrected. Formerly, <tt class="LITERAL">me</tt> filter + rules would match the remote IP address of a + point-to-point interface in addition to the intended + local IP address (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-01:53). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a>, which could + allow a process to read sensitive information from + another process's memory space, has been closed (see + security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:55). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">PARANOID</tt> hostname + checking in <b class="APPLICATION">tcp_wrappers</b> now + works as advertised (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-01:56). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A local root exploit in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendmail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span></a> has been + closed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:57). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A remote root vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpd</span>(8)</span></a> has been closed + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:58). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A race condition in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmuser&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rmuser</span>(8)</span></a> that briefly + exposed a world-readable <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/master.passwd</tt> has been fixed (see + security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:59). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in <b class="APPLICATION">UUCP</b> has + been closed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:62). All + non-<tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>-owned binaries in + standard system paths now have the <tt class= + "LITERAL">schg</tt> flag set to prevent exploit vectors + when run by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a>, by <tt class= + "USERNAME">root</tt>, or by a user other then the one + owning the binary. In addition, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uustat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">uustat</span>(1)</span></a> is now run + via <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/periodic/daily/410.status-uucp</tt> as + <tt class="USERNAME">uucp</tt>, not <tt class= + "USERNAME">root</tt>. In FreeBSD -CURRENT, <b class= + "APPLICATION">UUCP</b> has since been moved to the Ports + Collection and no longer a part of the base system. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in the form of a buffer overflow in + the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=semop&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">semop</span>(2)</span></a> system call + has been closed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b>, + which could allow users to execute code with arbitrary + privileges if <tt class="LITERAL">UseLogin yes</tt> was + set, has been closed. Note that the default value of this + setting is <tt class="LITERAL">UseLogin no</tt>. (See + security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:63.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The use of an insecure temporary directory by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> could permit + a local attacker to modify the contents of binary + packages while they were being installed. This hole has + been closed. (See security advisory FreeBSD-SA-02:01.) + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A race condition in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a>, which could + expose the contents of <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/master.passwd</tt>, has been eliminated. + (See security advisory FreeBSD-SA-02:02.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=k5su&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">k5su</span>(8)</span></a> could have + allowed a process that had given up superuser privileges + to regain them. This bug has been fixed. (See security + advisory FreeBSD-SA-02:07.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p>An ``off-by-one'' bug has been fixed in <b class= + "APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b>'s multiplexing code. This bug + could have allowed an authenticated remote user to cause + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> to execute + arbitrary code with superuser privileges, or allowed a + malicious SSH server to execute arbitrary code on the + client system with the privileges of the client user. + (See security advisory <a href= + "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:13.openssh.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:13</a>.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A programming error in <b class="APPLICATION">zlib</b> + could result in attempts to free memory multiple times. + The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=malloc&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">malloc</span>(3)</span></a>/<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=free&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">free</span>(3)</span></a> routines used + in FreeBSD are not vulnerable to this error, but + applications receiving specially-crafted blocks of + invalid compressed data could be made to function + incorrectly or abort. This <b class= + "APPLICATION">zlib</b> bug has been fixed. For a + workaround and solutions, see security advisory <a href= + "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:18.zlib.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:18</a>. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="USERLAND">2.3 Userland + Changes</a></h2> + + <p>If the first argument to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ancontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ancontrol</span>(8)</span></a> or <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wicontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wicontrol</span>(8)</span></a> doesn't + start with a <tt class="LITERAL">-</tt>, it is assumed to + be an interface.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=apmd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">apmd</span>(8)</span></a> now has the + ability to monitor battery levels and execute commands + based on percentage or minutes of battery life remaining + via the <tt class="LITERAL">apm_battery</tt> + configuration directive. See the commented-out examples + in <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/apmd.conf</tt> for the + syntax. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">arp</span>(8)</span></a> now prints the + applicable interface name for each ARP entry. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">arp</span>(8)</span></a> now prints <tt + class="LITERAL">[fddi]</tt> or <tt class= + "LITERAL">[atm]</tt> tags for addresses on interfaces of + those types.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atacontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">atacontrol</span>(8)</span></a> has been + added to control various aspects of the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> option for multisession mode + (the default behavior now is to close disks as + single-session). A <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> option to + take a list of image files from a filename was also + added; <tt class="FILENAME">-</tt> can be used as a + filename for <tt class="LITERAL">stdin</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + Disk At Once (DAO) mode, selectable via the <tt class= + "OPTION">-d</tt> flag.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now has the + ability to write VCDs/SVCDs.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=c89&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">c89</span>(1)</span></a> has been + converted from a shell script to a binary executable, + fixing some minor bugs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cat</span>(1)</span></a> now has the + ability to read from UNIX-domain sockets. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cdcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="LITERAL">cdid</tt> command, which + calculates and displays the CD serial number, using the + same algorithm used by the CDDB database. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cdcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now uses + the <tt class="ENVAR">CDROM</tt> environment variable to + pick a default device. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cdcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports <tt class="LITERAL">next</tt> and <tt class= + "LITERAL">prev</tt> commands to skip forwards or + backwards a specified number of tracks while playing an + audio CD. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chflags</span>(1)</span></a> has moved + from <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin</tt> to <tt class= + "FILENAME">/bin</tt>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chio&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chio</span>(1)</span></a> now has the + ability to specify elements by volume tag instead of by + their physical location as well as the ability to return + an element to its previous location. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chmod</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> for changing the mode of a + symbolic link.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chown&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chown</span>(8)</span></a> now correctly + follows symbolic links named as command line arguments if + run without <tt class="OPTION">-R</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chown&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chown</span>(8)</span></a> no longer + takes <tt class="LITERAL">.</tt> as a user/group + delimeter. This change was made to support usernames + containing a <tt class="LITERAL">.</tt>.</p> + + <p>Use of the <tt class="LITERAL">CSMG_*</tt> macros no + longer require inclusion of <tt class= + "FILENAME"><sys/param.h></tt></p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=col&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">col</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-p</tt> flag to force unknown control + sequences to be passed through unchanged. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt> distribution + has been updated to include libraries present in FreeBSD + 3.5.1-RELEASE. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> distribution has + been added for compatibility with FreeBSD 4-STABLE.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> is now better + about converting various warnings that should have been + errors into actual fatal errors with an exit code. This + ensures that <tt class="LITERAL">make buildkernel</tt> + doesn't quietly ignore them and build a bogus kernel + without a human to read the errors. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A number of buffer overflows in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> have been + fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ctags</span>(1)</span></a> no longer + creates a corrupt tags file if the source file used <tt + class="LITERAL">//</tt> (C++-style) comments. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> program, a + command-line interface to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(3)</span></a>, has been + added. It detaches itself from its controlling terminal + and executes a program specified on the command line. + This allows the user to run an arbitrary program as if it + were written to be a daemon.</p> + + <p>devinfo, a simple tool to print the device tree and + resource usage by devices, has been added.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-l</tt> option to only display information + about locally-mounted filesystems. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports partition sizes expressed in kilobytes, + megabytes, or gigabytes, in addition to sectors. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dmesg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dmesg</span>(8)</span></a> now has a <tt + class="OPTION">-a</tt> option to show the entire message + buffer, including <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> records and + <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/console</tt> output. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=du&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">du</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-I</tt> command-line flag to ignore/skip + files and subdirectories matching a specified shell-glob + mask. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + inheritance of the <tt class="LITERAL">nodump</tt> flag + down a hierarchy. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="OPTION">-T</tt> option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> no longer + swallows an extra argument. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> has a new <tt + class="OPTION">-D</tt> option, allowing the path to the + <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/dumpdates</tt> file to be + changed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now supplies + progress information in its process title, useful for + monitoring automated backups. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + new <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> to allow it to just print + out the dump size estimates and exit.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=edquota&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">edquota</span>(8)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-f</tt> option to allow limiting the + prototype quota distribution (specified with <tt class= + "OPTION">-p</tt>) to a single filesystem. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.firewall</tt> and <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.firewall6</tt> will no longer + add their own hardcoded rules in the cases of a rules + file in the <tt class="VARNAME">firewall_type</tt> + variable or a non-existent firewall type. (The motivation + for this change is to avoid acting on assumptions about a + site's firewall policies.) In addition, the <tt class= + "LITERAL">closed</tt> firewall type now works as + documented in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.firewall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.firewall</span>(8)</span></a> manual + page. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The functionality of <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/security</tt> has been been moved into a + set of scripts under the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=periodic&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">periodic</span>(8)</span></a> framework, + to make local customization easier and more maintainable. + These scripts now reside in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/periodic/security/</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fbtab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fbtab</span>(5)</span></a> now accepts + glob matching patterns for target devices, not just + individual devices and directories.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdread&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fdread</span>(1)</span></a>, a program to + read data from floppy disks, has been added. It is a + counterpart to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdwrite&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fdwrite</span>(1)</span></a> and is + designed to provide a means of recovering at least some + data from bad media, and to obviate for a complex + invocation of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> now takes the + <tt class="OPTION">-empty</tt> flag, which returns true + if a file or directory is empty. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> now takes the + <tt class="OPTION">-iname</tt> and <tt class= + "OPTION">-ipath</tt> primaries for case-insensitive + matches, and the <tt class="OPTION">-regexp</tt> and <tt + class="OPTION">-iregexp</tt> primaries for + regular-expression matches. The <tt class= + "OPTION">-E</tt> flag now enables extended regular + expressions. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> now has the <tt + class="OPTION">-anewer</tt>, <tt class= + "OPTION">-cnewer</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-mnewer</tt>, + <tt class="OPTION">-okdir</tt>, and <tt class= + "OPTION">-newer[acm][acmt]</tt> primaries for comparisons + of file timestamps. The latter primaries can be specified + with various units of time. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now has the + ability to support fingering aliases, via the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">finger.conf</span>(5)</span></a> file. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now has + support for a <tt class="FILENAME">.pubkey</tt> file.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fmt</span>(1)</span></a> has been + rewritten; the rewrite fixes a number of bugs compared to + its prior behavior. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmtcheck&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fmtcheck</span>(3)</span></a>, a function + for checking consistency of format string arguments, has + been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> wrappers have + been imported; this feature provides infrastructure for + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> to work on + different types of filesystems (analogous to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a>).</p> + + <p>The behavior of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> when dealing + with various passes (a la <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>) has been modified to + accommodate multiple-disk filesystems.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> now has support + for foreground (<tt class="OPTION">-F</tt>) and + background (<tt class="OPTION">-B</tt>) checks. + Traditionally, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> is invoked + before the filesystems are mounted and all checks are + done to completion at that time. If background checking + is available, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> is invoked + twice. It is first invoked at the traditional time, + before the filesystems are mounted, with the <tt class= + "OPTION">-F</tt> flag to do checking on all the + filesystems that cannot do background checking. It is + then invoked a second time, after the system has + completed going multiuser, with the <tt class= + "OPTION">-B</tt> flag to do checking on all the + filesystems that can do background checking. Unlike the + foreground checking, the background checking is started + asynchronously so that other system activity can proceed + even on the filesystems that are being checked. Boot-time + enabling of this feature is controlled by the <tt class= + "VARNAME">background_fsck</tt> option in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p> + + <p>Shortly after the receipt of a <tt class= + "LITERAL">SIGINFO</tt> signal (normally control-T from + the controlling tty), <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck_ffs</span>(8)</span></a> will now + output a line indicating the current phase number and + progress information relevant to the current phase. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck_ffs</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports background filesystem checks to mounted FFS + filesystems with the <tt class="OPTION">-B</tt> option + (softupdates must be enabled on these filesystems). The + <tt class="OPTION">-F</tt> flag now determines whether a + specified filesystem needs foreground checking.</p> + + <p>A new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck_msdosfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck_msdosfs</span>(8)</span></a> utility + has been added to check the consistency of MS-DOS + filesystems. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt> flag for read-only mode and a + <tt class="OPTION">-E</tt> flag to disable <tt class= + "LITERAL">EPSV</tt>. It also has some fixes to reduce + information leakage and the ability to specify + compile-time port ranges. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + <tt class="OPTION">-o</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-O</tt> + options to disable the <tt class="LITERAL">RETR</tt> + command; the former for everybody, and the latter only + for guest users. Coupled with <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> + and appropriate file permissions, these can be used to + create a relatively safe anonymous FTP drop box for + others to upload to.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprogname&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">getprogname</span>(3)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setprogname&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">setprogname</span>(3)</span></a> library + functions have been added to manipulate the name of the + current program. They are used by error-reporting + routines to produce consistent output. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gprof&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gprof</span>(1)</span></a> now has a <tt + class="OPTION">-K</tt> option to enable dynamic symbol + resolution from the currently-running kernel. With this + change, properly-compiled KLD modules are now able to be + profiled.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">growfs</span>(8)</span></a>, a utility + for growing FFS filesystems, has been added. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ffsinfo&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ffsinfo</span>(8)</span></a>, a utility + for dump all the meta-information of an existing + filesystem, has also been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=groups&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">groups</span>(1)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whoami&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">whoami</span>(1)</span></a> shell scripts + are now unnecessary; their functionality has been + completely folded into <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">id</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ibcs2&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ibcs2</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linux&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">linux</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=osf1&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">osf1</span>(8)</span></a>, and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=svr4&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">svr4</span>(8)</span></a> scripts, whose + sole purpose was to load emulation kernel modules, have + been removed. The kernel module system will automatically + load them as needed to fulfill dependencies.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> has gained + some new formatting options. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> command can + set the link-layer address of an interface using the <tt + class="OPTION">lladdr</tt> parameter. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> can now + accept addresses in slash/CIDR notation. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> now has + support for setting parameters for IEEE 802.11 wireless + network devices. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> devices are + supported, and partial support is provided for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">awi</span>(4)</span></a> devices. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> no longer + displays the list of supported media by default. Instead + it displays it when the <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> flag + is given. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The syntax of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a>'s support for + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=faithd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">faithd</span>(8)</span></a> is now + compatible with that of other BSDs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">ident</tt> protocol support in + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> has been + cleaned up and updated. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> now has the + ability to manage UNIX-domain sockets. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=install&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">install</span>(1)</span></a> has a number + of new features, including the <tt class="OPTION">-b</tt> + and <tt class="OPTION">-B</tt> options for backing up + existing target files and the <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> + option for ``safe'' (atomic copy) operation. The <tt + class="OPTION">-c</tt> (copy) flag is now the default, + and the <tt class="OPTION">-D</tt> (debugging) flag has + been withdrawn. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=install&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">install</span>(1)</span></a> now issues a + warning if <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> (create + directories) and <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> (copy changed + files only) are used together. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>IP Filter is now supported by the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> boot-time + configuration and initialization. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfstat&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfstat</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + the <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt> option to turn on a <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a>-like display. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> will now avoid + the display of dynamic firewall rules unless the <tt + class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag is passed to it. The <tt + class="OPTION">-e</tt> option lists expired dynamic + rules. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> has a new + feature (<tt class="LITERAL">me</tt>) that allows for + packet matching on interfaces with dynamically-changing + IP addresses. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> has a new <tt + class="LITERAL">limit</tt> type of firewall rule, which + limits the number of sessions between address pairs. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> filter rules + can now match on the value of the IPv4 precedence + field.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> now has the + ability to use a preprocessor and use the <tt class= + "OPTION">-q</tt> (quiet) flag when reading from a file. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kenv&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">kenv</span>(1)</span></a>, a command to + dump the kernel environment, has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=keyinfo&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">keyinfo</span>(1)</span></a> is now a C + program, rather than a Perl script. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a> is now a C + program, rather than a Perl script. As a result, its <tt + class="OPTION">-m</tt> option now uses the regular + expression syntax of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=regex&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">regex</span>(3)</span></a>, rather than + that of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=perl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">perl</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a> now allows + non-root users to kill SUID root processes that they + started, the same as the Perl version did. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">kldconfig</span>(8)</span></a> utility + has been added to make it easier to manipulate the kernel + module search path. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=last&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">last</span>(1)</span></a> now implements + a <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> that provides a ``snapshot'' + of who was logged in at a particular date and time. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=last&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">last</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-y</tt> flag, which causes the year to + be included in the session start time.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lastlogin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lastlogin</span>(8)</span></a> utility, + which prints the last login time of each user, has been + imported from NetBSD. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ldconfig</span>(8)</span></a> now checks + directory ownerships and permissions for greater + security; these checks can be disabled with the <tt + class="OPTION">-i</tt> flag. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ldd</span>(1)</span></a> can now be used + on shared libraries, in addition to executables. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ldd</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> flag to list all the objects + that are needed by each loaded object.</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libc</tt> is now thread-safe by + default; <tt class="FILENAME">libc_r</tt> contains only + thread functions.</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libcrypt</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">libdescrypt</tt> have been unified to provide + a configurable password authentication hash library. Both + the md5 and des hash methods are provided unless the des + hash is specifically compiled out. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libcrypt</tt> now has support for + Blowfish password hashing. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libstand</tt> now has support for + filesystems containing <b class= + "APPLICATION">bzip2</b>-compressed files. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libstand</tt> now has support for + overwriting the contents of a file on a UFS filesystem + (it cannot expand or truncate files because the + filesystem may be dirty or inconsistent).</p> + + <p>The default TCP port range used by <tt class= + "FILENAME">libfetch</tt> for passive FTP retrievals has + changed; this affects the behavior of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>, which has + gained the <tt class="OPTION">-U</tt> option to restore + the old behavior. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libfetch</tt> now has support for + an authentication callback. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libfetch</tt> now has support for + a <tt class="ENVAR">HTTP_USER_AGENT</tt> environment + variable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libgmp</tt> has been superceded + by <tt class="FILENAME">libmp</tt>.</p> + + <p>The functions from <tt class= + "FILENAME">libposix1e</tt> have been integrated into <tt + class="FILENAME">libc</tt>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ln&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ln</span>(1)</span></a> now takes an <tt + class="OPTION">-i</tt> option to request user + confirmation before overwriting an existing file. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ln&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ln</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-h</tt> flag to avoid following a target + that is a link, with a <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> flag + for compatibility with other implementations. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">logger</span>(1)</span></a> can now send + messages directly to a remote syslog. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=login&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">login</span>(1)</span></a> now exports + environment variables set by <b class= + "APPLICATION">PAM</b> modules. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpc</span>(8)</span></a> has been + improved; <tt class="COMMAND">lpc clean</tt> is now + somewhat safer, and a new <tt class="COMMAND">lpc + tclean</tt> command has been added to check to see what + files would be removed by <tt class="COMMAND">lpc + clean</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpd</span>(8)</span></a> now takes two + new options: <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt> will log all + connection errors to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>, while <tt + class="OPTION">-W</tt> will allow connections from + non-reserved ports. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpd</span>(8)</span></a> now has some + support for <tt class="LITERAL">o</tt>-type print-file + actions in its control files, which allows printing of + PostScript files generated by <b class= + "APPLICATION">MacOS</b> 10.1. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpr</span>(1)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpq&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpq</span>(1)</span></a>, and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpd</span>(8)</span></a> have received a + few minor enhancements. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Catching up with most other network utilities in the + base system, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpr</span>(1)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpd</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>, and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">logger</span>(1)</span></a> are now all + IPv6-capable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="COMMAND">lprm -</tt> now works for remote + printer queues. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> can produce + colorized listings with the <tt class="OPTION">-G</tt> + flag (and appropriate terminal support). The <tt class= + "ENVAR">CLICOLOR</tt> environment variable can be set to + enable colorized listings by default. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mail&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mail</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-E</tt> flag to avoid sending messages + with empty bodies. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> has gained the + <tt class="LITERAL">:C///</tt> (regular expression + substitution), <tt class="LITERAL">:L</tt> (lowercase), + and <tt class="LITERAL">:U</tt> (uppercase) variable + modifiers. These were added to reduce the differences + between the FreeBSD and OpenBSD/NetBSD <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> programs. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Bugs in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a>, among which + include broken null suffix behavior, bad assumptions + about current directory permissions, and potential buffer + overflows, have been fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The new <tt class="VARNAME">CPUTYPE</tt> <tt class= + "FILENAME">make.conf</tt> variable controls the + compilation of processor-specific optimizations in + various pieces of code such as <b class= + "APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt> + infrastructure now supports the <tt class= + "VARNAME">WARNS</tt> directive from NetBSD. This + directive controls the addition of compiler warning flags + to <tt class="VARNAME">CFLAGS</tt> in a relatively + compiler-neutral manner. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> is no longer + installed SUID <tt class="USERNAME">man</tt>, in order to + reduce vulnerabilities associated with generating + ``catpages'' (preformatted manual pages cached for + repeated viewing). As a result, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> can no longer + create system catpages on a regular user's behalf. It is + still able to do so if the user has write permissions to + the directory holding catpages (e.g. a user's own + manpages) or if the running user is <tt class= + "USERNAME">root</tt>.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> command has + been added; it is a wrapper around <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>, and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> that mimics + the command line option set of the deprecated <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_mfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mount_mfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mergemaster&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mergemaster</span>(8)</span></a> now + sources an <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/mergemaster.rc</tt> + file and also prompts the user to run recommended + commands (such as <tt class="COMMAND">newaliases</tt>) as + needed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> option to control mouse + acceleration. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> now includes + support for a file that lists pathnames to be excluded + when creating and verifying prototypes. This makes it + easier to use <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> as a part of + an intrusion-detection system. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-log_ipfw_denied</tt> option to log + packets that cannot be re-injected because they are + blocked by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> rules. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The ``in use'' percentage metric displayed by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a> now really + reflects the percentage of network mbufs used. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a> now has a + <tt class="OPTION">-W</tt> flag that tells it not to + truncate addresses, even if they're too long for the + column they're printed in. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a> now keeps + track of input and output packets on a per-address basis + for each interface. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a> now has a + <tt class="OPTION">-z</tt> flag to reset statistics. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a> now has a + <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> flag to print address + numerically but port names symbolically. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> now implements + write combining, which can make creation of new + filesystems up to seven times faster. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-U</tt> option to enable softupdates + on a new filesystem. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default number of cylinders per group in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> is now + computed to be the maximum allowable given the current + filesystem parameters. It can be overridden with the <tt + class="OPTION">-c</tt> option. Formerly, the default was + fixed at 16. This change leads to better <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> performance and + reduced fragmentation. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a name="NEWFS-BLOCK-FRAG-SIZES"></a>The default block + and fragment sizes for new filesystems created by <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> are now 16384 + and 2048 bytes, respectively (the old defaults were 8192 + and 1024 bytes). This change generally provides increased + performance, at the expense of some wasted disk space. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a> now has + the ability to compress log files using <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">NFS</b> now works over + IPv6.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ngctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ngctl</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">write</tt> command to send a data + packet down a given hook. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">nl</span>(1)</span></a>, a line numbering + filter program, has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">nsswitch</b> support has been + merged from NetBSD. By creating an <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsswitch.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">nsswitch.conf</span>(5)</span></a> file, + FreeBSD can be configured so that various databases such + as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> can be looked + up using flat files, NIS, or Hesiod. The old <tt class= + "FILENAME">hosts.conf</tt> file is no longer used.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> support has been added + for account management and sessions.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> configuration is now + specified by files in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/pam.d/</tt>, rather than a single <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/pam.conf</tt> file. <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/pam.d/README</tt> has more details.</p> + + <p>A number of new <b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> modules + have been added.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(1)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> now select the + password hash algorithm at run time. See the <tt class= + "LITERAL">passwd_format</tt> attribute in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/login.conf</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pax&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pax</span>(1)</span></a> has received a + number of enhancements, including <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpio&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cpio</span>(1)</span></a> functionality, + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> compatibility + enhancements, <tt class="OPTION">-z</tt> and <tt class= + "OPTION">-Z</tt> flags for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=compress&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">compress</span>(1)</span></a> + functionality, and a number of bug fixes.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pciconf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pciconf</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-v</tt> option to display the + vendor/device information of configured devices, in + conjunction with the <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> option. + The default vendor/device database can be found at <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/share/misc/pci_vendors</tt>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The behavior of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=periodic&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">periodic</span>(8)</span></a> is now + controlled by <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/defaults/periodic.conf</tt> and <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/periodic.conf</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> option to set the TTL of + outgoing packets. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> option to beep when packets + are lost. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Userland <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> has received a + number of updates and bug fixes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> has gained the + <tt class="LITERAL">tcpmssfixup</tt> option, which + adjusts outgoing and incoming TCP SYN packets so that the + maximum receive segment size is no larger than allowed by + the interface MTU. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + IPv6.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pppd</span>(8)</span></a> (the control + program for kernel-level PPP) is now installed mode <tt + class="LITERAL">4550</tt> and <tt class= + "USERNAME">root</tt><tt class="LITERAL">:</tt><tt class= + "GROUPNAME">dialer</tt>, rather than mode <tt class= + "LITERAL">4555</tt> (in other words, it is no longer + world-executable). Users of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pppd</span>(8)</span></a> may need to + change their group settings. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="OPTION">-W</tt> option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> (to extract + information from a specified swap device) has been + useless for some time; it has been removed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pwd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pwd</span>(1)</span></a> can now double + as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=realpath&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">realpath</span>(1)</span></a>, a program + to resolve pathnames to their underlying physical paths. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The pseudo-random number generator implemented by <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rand&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rand</span>(3)</span></a> has been + improved to provide less biased results.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a> now has an + framework for handling dependencies between <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> variables. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a> now deletes all + non-directory files in <tt class="FILENAME">/var/run</tt> + and <tt class="FILENAME">/var/spool/lock</tt> at boot + time. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rcmd&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rcmd</span>(3)</span></a> now supports + the use of the <tt class="ENVAR">RSH</tt> environment + variable to specify a program to use other than <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rsh</span>(1)</span></a> for remote + execution. As a result, programs such as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a>, can use <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a> for remote + transport.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rdist&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rdist</span>(1)</span></a> has been + retired from the base system, but is still available from + FreeBSD Ports Collection as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/44bsd-rdist/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/44bsd-rdist</tt></a>.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a> in FreeBSD + now implements EDNS0 support, which will be necessary + when working with IPv6 transport-ready resolvers/DNS + servers. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rfork_thread&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rfork_thread</span>(3)</span></a> library + call has been added as a helper function to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rfork&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rfork</span>(2)</span></a>. Using this + function should avoid the need to implement complex stack + swap code. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="OPTION">-v</tt> option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a> now displays the + entire pathname of a file being removed.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">route</span>(8)</span></a> is now more + verbose when changing indirect routes, in the case of a + gateway route that is the same route as the one being + modified. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">route</span>(8)</span></a> now uses <tt + class="LITERAL"><tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>host</i></tt>/<tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>bits</i></tt></tt> syntax instead of <tt + class="LITERAL"><tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>net</i></tt>/<tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>bits</i></tt></tt> syntax, for + compatibility with <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">route</span>(8)</span></a> can now create + ``proxy only'' published ARP entries. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">route</span>(8)</span></a> <tt class= + "OPTION">add</tt> command now supports the <tt class= + "OPTION">-ifp</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-ifa</tt> + modifiers. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcbind&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rpcbind</span>(8)</span></a> has replaced + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portmap&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">portmap</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcgen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rpcgen</span>(1)</span></a> now uses <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/cpp</tt> (as on NetBSD), not + <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/libexec/cpp</tt>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpc.lockd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rpc.lockd</span>(8)</span></a> has been + imported from NetBSD. This daemon provides support for + servicing client NFS locks.</p> + + <p>The performance of the ELF dynamic linker <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> has been + improved. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>RSA Security has waived all patent rights to the <b + class="APPLICATION">RSA</b> algorithm. As a result, the + native <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> implementation + of the RSA algorithm is now activated by default, and the + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/rsaref/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">security/rsaref</tt></a> port and + the <tt class="FILENAME">librsaUSA</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">librsaINTL</tt> libraries are no longer + required for USA and non-USA residents respectively. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> will now print + the names of all objects that cause each object to be + loaded, if the <tt class= + "VARNAME">LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_ALL</tt> environment + variable is defined.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-k</tt> option to prevent + clearing a crash dump after saving it. It also attempts + to avoid writing large stretches of zeros to crash dump + files to save space and time. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a> now works + correctly on machines with 2 GB or more of RAM. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-E</tt> option for extended regular + expression support. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> option to include a file into + the <tt class="LITERAL">Fix:</tt> section of a problem + report. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setfacl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">setfacl</span>(1)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getfacl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">getfacl</span>(1)</span></a> commands + have been added to manage filesystem Access Control + Lists.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setproctitle&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">setproctitle</span>(3)</span></a> has + been moved from <tt class="FILENAME">libutil</tt> to <tt + class="FILENAME">libc</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> now implements + <tt class="COMMAND">test</tt> as a built-in command for + improved efficiency. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> no longer + implements <tt class="COMMAND">printf</tt> as a built-in + command because it was considered less valuable compared + to the other built-in commands (this functionality is, of + course, still available through the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(1)</span></a> + executable).</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sockstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sockstat</span>(1)</span></a> now has <tt + class="OPTION">-c</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> + flags for listing connected and listening sockets, + respectively. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=split&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">split</span>(1)</span></a> now has the + ability to split a file longer than 2GB. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>In preparation for meeting SUSv2/POSIX <tt class= + "FILENAME"><sys/select.h></tt> requirements, <tt + class="LITERAL">struct selinfo</tt> and related functions + have been moved to <tt class= + "FILENAME"><sys/selinfo.h></tt>.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strnstr&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">strnstr</span>(3)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strcasestr&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">strcasestr</span>(3)</span></a> variants + of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strstr&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">strstr</span>(3)</span></a> have been + implemented. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stty&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">stty</span>(1)</span></a> now has support + for an <tt class="LITERAL">erase2</tt> control character, + so that, for example, both the <b class= + "KEYCAP">Delete</b> and <b class="KEYCAP">Backspace</b> + keys can be used to erase characters. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=style.perl&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">style.perl</span>(7)</span></a>, a style + guide for Perl code in the FreeBSD base system, has been + added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> now uses <b + class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> for authentication.</p> + + <p>Boot-time <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> + configuration was moved to a machine-independent <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.syscons</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-N</tt> option to print out variable + names only. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> has replaced + the <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> and <tt class= + "OPTION">-X</tt> options with <tt class="OPTION">-ao</tt> + and <tt class="OPTION">-ax</tt> respectively; the former + options are now deprecated. The <tt class= + "OPTION">-w</tt> option is deprecated as well; it is not + needed to determine the user's intentions. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-e</tt> option to separate variable + names and values by <tt class="LITERAL">=</tt> rather + than <tt class="LITERAL">:</tt>. This feature is useful + for producing output that can be fed back to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now + properly preserves <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/mail</tt> + during a binary upgrade. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now uses + some more intuitive defaults thanks to some new dialog + support functions. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default root partition in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> is now + 100MB on the i386 and 120MB on the Alpha.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now lives + in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin</tt>, which simplifies + the installation process. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> manpage + is also installed in a more consistent fashion now.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now has + the ability to load KLDs as a part of the installation. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>When run from the installation media, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> will + automatically load any device drivers found in the <tt + class="FILENAME">/stand/modules</tt> directory of the <tt + class="LITERAL">mfsroot</tt> floppy or filesystem image. + Note that any drivers so loaded will not appear in the + kernel's boot messages; the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> debugging + screen will provide additional information. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now + enables Soft Updates by default on all filesystems it + creates, except for the root filesystem. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> has + received updates for its ``auto'' partitioning mode which + provide more reasonable defaults for the sizes of + partitions that are created; auto-sized partitions can + now also recover the space that becomes available when + other partitions are deleted. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> can take a + <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option to disable DNS queries + for every request. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="LITERAL">LOG_CONSOLE</tt> facility (disabled + by default), which can be used to log <tt class= + "FILENAME">/dev/console</tt> output. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> now has the + ability to bind to a specific address (as opposed to + using every available one) via the <tt class= + "OPTION">-b</tt> option. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> now accepts + a <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt> flag to disable repeated + line compression. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tail&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tail</span>(1)</span></a> now has the + ability to work on files longer than 2GB. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> now supports the + <tt class="VARNAME">TAR_RSH</tt> variable, principally to + enable the use of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a> as a transport. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnet&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">telnet</span>(1)</span></a> now does + autologin and encryption by default; a new <tt class= + "OPTION">-y</tt> option turns off encryption.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnet&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">telnet</span>(1)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-u</tt> flag to allow connections to + UNIX-domain (<tt class="LITERAL">AF_UNIX</tt>) sockets. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now takes the + <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> + options, which allow the server to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> based on the + IP address of the connecting client. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tftp</span>(1)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> can now + transfer files larger than 65535 blocks. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + RFC 2349 (TFTP Timeout Interval and Transfer Size + Options); this feature is required by some firmware like + EFI boot managers (at least on HP i2000 Itanium servers) + in order to boot an image using <b class= + "APPLICATION">TFTP</b>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=timed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">timed</span>(8)</span></a> now works on + the alpha.</p> + + <p>A version of Transport Independent RPC (<b class= + "APPLICATION">TI-RPC</b>) has been imported.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tmpnam&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tmpnam</span>(3)</span></a> will now use + the <tt class="ENVAR">TMPDIR</tt> environment variable, + if set, to specify the location of temporary files. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tip</span>(1)</span></a> has been updated + from <b class="APPLICATION">OpenBSD</b>, and has the + ability to act as a <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cu</span>(1)</span></a> substitute.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> will now use the + full width of its tty.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=touch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">touch</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> option to operate on a + symbolic link, rather than what the link points to.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=truncate&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">truncate</span>(1)</span></a> utility, + which truncates or extends the length of files, has been + added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Ukrainian language support has been added to the + FreeBSD console. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">UUCP</b> has been removed from + the base system. It can be found in the Ports Collection, + in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/freebsd-uucp/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/freebsd-uucp</tt></a>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=units&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">units</span>(1)</span></a> has received + some updates and bugfixes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=usbdevs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">usbdevs</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag to show the device + driver associated with each device.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uudecode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">uudecode</span>(1)</span></a> now accepts + a <tt class="OPTION">-o</tt> option to set its output + file.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vidcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-g</tt> parameter to select + custom text geometry in the <tt class= + "LITERAL">VESA_800x600</tt> raster text mode. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vidcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + allows the user to omit the font size specification when + loading a font, and has some better error-handling. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vidcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-p</tt> option to take a + snapshot of a <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> video + buffer. These snapshots can be manipulated by the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/graphics/scr2png/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">graphics/scr2png</tt></a> utility in + the Ports Collection. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vidcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> option to clear the + history buffer for a given tty, as well as a <tt class= + "OPTION">-h</tt> option to set the size of the history + buffer. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default stripe size in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(8)</span></a> has been + changed from 256KB to 279KB, to spread out superblocks + more evenly between stripes.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wall</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-g</tt> flag to write a message to all + users of a given group. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=watch&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">watch</span>(8)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-f</tt> option to specify a <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">snp</span>(4)</span></a> device to use. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=which&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">which</span>(1)</span></a> is now a C + program, rather than a Perl script.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whois&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">whois</span>(1)</span></a> now directs + queries for IP addresses to ARIN. If a query to ARIN + references APNIC or RIPE, the appropriate server will + also be queried, provided that the <tt class= + "OPTION">-Q</tt> option is not specified. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whois&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">whois</span>(1)</span></a> supports a <tt + class="OPTION">-c</tt> option to specify a country code + to help direct queries towards a particular whois server. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-J</tt> <tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>replstr</i></tt> option that allows the + user to tell <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> to insert the + data read from standard input at a specific point in the + command line arguments rather than at the end. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The compiler chain now uses the FSF-supplied C/C++ + runtime initialization code. This change brings about + better compatibility with code generated from the various + egcs and gcc ports, as well as the stock public FSF + source. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The threads library has gained some signal handling + changes, bug fixes, and performance enhancements + (including zero system call thread switching). <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gdb</span>(1)</span></a> thread support + has been updated to match these changes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Significant additions have been made to + internationalization support; FreeBSD now has complete + locale support for the <tt class= + "LITERAL">LC_MONETARY</tt>, <tt class= + "LITERAL">LC_NUMERIC</tt>, and <tt class= + "LITERAL">LC_MESSAGES</tt> categories. A number of + applications have been updated to take advantage of this + support.</p> + + <p>Locale names have been changed to improve + compatibility with the names used by X11R6, as well as a + number of other UNIX versions. As an example, the <tt + class="LITERAL">en_US.ISO_8859-1</tt> locale name has + been changed to <tt class="LITERAL">en_US.ISO8859-1</tt>. + Entries in <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/locale.alias</tt> + provide backward compatibility. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/share/examples/BSD_daemon/</tt> now + contains a scalable Beastie graphic. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>As part of an ongoing process, many manual pages were + improved, both in terms of their formatting markup and in + their content. [MERGED]</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN2627">2.3.1 Contributed + Software</a></h3> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">am-utils</b> has been updated + to 6.0.7.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">awk</b> from Bell Labs + (variously known as ``BWK awk'' or ``The One True + AWK'') has been imported. It is available as <tt class= + "COMMAND">awk</tt> on the sparc64 architecture, and <tt + class="COMMAND">nawk</tt> on other architectures.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">bc</b> has been updated from + 1.04 to 1.06. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The ISC library from the <b class= + "APPLICATION">BIND</b> distribution is now built as <tt + class="FILENAME">libisc</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> is now built with + the <tt class="LITERAL">NOADDITIONAL</tt> flag, which + causes <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> to operate + in a more consistent fashion for certain common + misconfigurations. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated to + 8.3.1-REL. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> has been updated + to 2.12.0.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">bzip2</b> 1.0.2 has been + imported; this brings the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a> program and + the <tt class="FILENAME">libbz2</tt> library to the + base system. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ee</span>(1)</span></a> <b class= + "APPLICATION">Easy Editor</b> has been updated to + 1.4.2. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">file</b> has been updated to + 3.37.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">gcc</b> has been updated to + 2.95.3. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gcc&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gcc</span>(1)</span></a> now uses a + unified <tt class="FILENAME">libgcc</tt> rather than a + separate one for threaded and non-threaded programs. + <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/lib/libgcc_r.a</tt> can be + removed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gcc&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gcc</span>(1)</span></a> now supports + the environment variable <tt class= + "ENVAR">GCC_OPTIONS</tt>, which can hold a set of + default options for <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">GNATS</b> has been updated to + 3.113. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU awk</b> has been updated + to 3.1.0. It is available as <tt class= + "COMMAND">gawk</tt> on the sparc64 architecture, and as + <tt class="COMMAND">awk</tt> on other + architectures.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">gperf</b> has been updated to + 2.7.2.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">groff</b> and its related + utilities have been updated to FSF version 1.17.2. This + import brings in a new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdoc&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mdoc</span>(7)</span></a> macro package + (sometimes referred to as <tt class= + "LITERAL">mdocNG</tt>), which removes many of the + limitations of its predecessor. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b> has been updated + to 0.3f.</p> + + <p>The version of <b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> + provided with FreeBSD now includes the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfs</span>(8)</span></a> program, + which allows state information created for NAT entries + and stateful rules to be saved to disk and restored + after a reboot. Boot-time configuration of these + features is supported by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> client has + been updated to 3.0.1RC6.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Kerberos IV</b> has been + updated to 1.0.5. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=more&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">more</span>(1)</span></a> command has + been replaced by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=less&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">less</span>(1)</span></a>, although it + can still be run as <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>. + [MERGED] Version 371 of <b class="APPLICATION">less</b> + has been imported.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> has been updated + to 0.6.2. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">libreadline</b> has been + updated to 4.2.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">libz</b> has been updated to + 1.1.4.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">lint</b> has been updated to + snapshot of NetBSD <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lint&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lint</span>(1)</span></a> as of 3 March + 2002.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftp</b> (the FTP client + from NetBSD) has replaced the FreeBSD <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ftp</span>(1)</span></a> program. Among + its new features are more automation methods, better + standards compliance, transfer rate throttling, and a + customizable command-line prompt. Some environment + variables and command-line arguments have changed.</p> + + <p>The FTP daemon from NetBSD, otherwise known as <b + class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b>, has been imported + and is available as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lukemftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lukemftpd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">ncurses</b> has been updated + to 5.2-20010512.</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> suite of programs + has been updated to 4.1.0. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> (``Centaury'' + release) has been imported, replacing <b class= + "APPLICATION">Linux-PAM</b>.</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">OPIE</b> + one-time-password suite has been updated to 2.32. + [MERGED] It has completely replaced the functionality + of <b class="APPLICATION">S/Key</b>.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> has been updated to + version 5.6.0.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> has been + updated to version 2.22. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> has been updated + to 3.6.3. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">csh</span>(1)</span></a> shell has been + replaced by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tcsh</span>(1)</span></a>, although it + can still be run as <tt class="COMMAND">csh</tt>. <b + class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> has been updated to + version 6.11. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The contributed version of <b class= + "APPLICATION">tcp_wrappers</b> now includes the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tcpd</span>(8)</span></a> helper + daemon. While not strictly necessary in a standard + FreeBSD installation (because <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> already + incorporates this functionality), this may be useful + for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> replacements + such as <b class="APPLICATION">xinetd</b>.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">top</b> has been updated to + version 3.5b12.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">traceroute</span>(8)</span></a> now + takes its default maximum TTL value from the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.ip.ttl</tt> sysctl variable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The timezone database has been updated to the <tt + class="FILENAME">tzdata2001d</tt> release. [MERGED]</p> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN2788">2.3.1.1 + CVS</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">cvs</b> has been updated to + 1.11.1p1. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default value for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a>'s <tt class= + "ENVAR">CVS_RSH</tt> variable is now <tt class= + "LITERAL">ssh</tt>, rather than <tt class= + "LITERAL">rsh</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-T</tt> option to update a + sandbox's <tt class="FILENAME">CVS/Template</tt> file + from the repository. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> <tt class= + "LITERAL">diff</tt> now supports the <tt class= + "OPTION">-j</tt> option to perform differences + against a revision relative to a branch tag. + [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN2811">2.3.1.2 + CVSup</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">CVSup</b>, a frequently + used utility in the FreeBSD Ports Collection, was + formerly installable using several ports and + packages. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/cvsup-bin/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/cvsup-bin</tt></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/cvsupd-bin/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/cvsupd-bin</tt></a> + ports/packages are no longer necessary or available; + the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/cvsup/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/cvsup</tt></a> port should + be used instead. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">CVSup</b> has been updated + to 16.1_3, which is available in the FreeBSD Ports + Collection as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/cvsup/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/cvsup</tt></a>. This update + fixes a long-standing (but only recently encountered) + bug which affects the timestamps on all files after + Sun Sep 9 01:46:40 UTC 2001 (1,000,000,000 seconds + after the UNIX epoch). [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="KAME-USERLAND">2.3.1.3 + KAME</a></h4> + + <p>The IPv6 stack is now based on a snapshot based on + the KAME Project's IPv6 snapshot as of 28 May, 2001. + Most of the items listed in this section are a result + of this import. <a href="#KAME-KERNEL">Section + 2.1.9.3</a> lists kernel updates to the KAME IPv6 + stack. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=faithd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">faithd</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a configuration file for access control. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> can now + perform the functions of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> can now + perform the functions of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=prefix&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">prefix</span>(8)</span></a>. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=prefix&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">prefix</span>(8)</span></a> is now a + shell script for partial backwards compatibility. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ndp</span>(8)</span></a> now + implements garbage collection for stale NDP entries, + as described in RFC 2461 (Neighbor Discovery for IP + Version 6 (IPv6)). [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pim6dd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pim6dd</span>(8)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pim6sd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pim6sd</span>(8)</span></a> have been + removed due to restrictive licensing conditions. + These programs are available in the ports collection + as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/pim6dd/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/pim6dd</tt></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/pim6sd/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/pim6sd</tt></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route6d&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">route6d</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports an <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> flag to avoid + updating the kernel forwarding table. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="OPTION">-R</tt> (router + renumbering) option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtadvd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rtadvd</span>(8)</span></a> is + currently ignored. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN2869">2.3.1.4 + OpenSSH</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been + updated to 2.9, which provides support for the SSH2 + protocol (now the default) and DSA keys. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-add</span>(1)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-agent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-agent</span>(1)</span></a> can + now handle DSA keys, with support for authentication + forwarding. <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> users + in the USA no longer need to rely on the + restrictively-licensed RSAREF toolkit which is + required to handle RSA keys. Among other new + features: A client and server for sftp has been + added. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=scp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">scp</span>(1)</span></a> can now + handle files larger than 2 GBytes. A limit on the + number of outstanding, unauthenticated connections in + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> has been + added. Support has been added for the Rijndael + encryption algorithm. Rekeying of existing sessions + is now supported, and an experimental <b class= + "APPLICATION">SOCKS4</b> proxy has been added to <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> can now + authenticate using OPIE passwords in SSH1 mode. + Support is not yet available in SSH2 mode. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> support for <b + class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been added.</p> + + <p>A long-standing bug in <b class= + "APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b>, which sometimes resulted + in a dropped session when an X11-forwarded client was + closed, was fixed.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Kerberos</b> compatibility + has been added to <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been + modified to be more resistant to traffic analysis by + requiring that ``non-echoed'' characters are still + echoed back in a null packet, as well as by padding + passwords sent so as not to hint at password lengths. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> is now + enabled by default on new installs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> <tt class= + "LITERAL">X11Forwarding</tt> is now turned on by + default on the server (any risk is to the client, + where it is already disabled by default). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>In <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</tt>, + the <tt class="LITERAL">ConnectionsPerPeriod</tt> + parameter has been deprecated in favor of <tt class= + "LITERAL">MaxStartups</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> now has a <tt + class="LITERAL">VersionAddendum</tt> configuration + setting for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> to allow + changing the part of the <b class= + "APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> version string after the + main version number.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN2923">2.3.1.5 + OpenSSL</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> has been + updated to 0.9.6c.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> now has support + for machine-dependent ASM optimizations, activated by + the new <tt class="VARNAME">MACHINE_CPU</tt> and/or + <tt class="VARNAME">CPUTYPE</tt> <tt class= + "FILENAME">make.conf</tt> variables. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN2932">2.3.1.6 + sendmail</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been + updated from version 8.9.3 to version 8.12.2. + Important changes include: <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendmail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span></a> is no + longer installed as a set-user-ID root binary (now + set-group-ID smmsp); new default file locations (see + <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README</tt>); + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newaliases&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newaliases</span>(1)</span></a> is + limited to <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> and trusted + users; STARTTLS encryption; and the MSA port (587) is + turned on by default. See <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES</tt> + for more information. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mail.local&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mail.local</span>(8)</span></a> is no + longer installed as a set-user-ID binary. If you are + using a <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</tt> from the + default <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt> + included with FreeBSD any time after 3.1.0, you are + fine. If you are using a hand-configured <tt class= + "FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt> and <tt class= + "COMMAND">mail.local</tt> for delivery, check to make + sure the <tt class="LITERAL">F=S</tt> flag is set on + the <tt class="LITERAL">Mlocal</tt> line. Those with + <tt class="FILENAME">.mc</tt> files who need to add + the flag can do so by adding the following line to + their <tt class="FILENAME">.mc</tt> file and + regenerating the <tt class= + "FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt> file:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + MODIFY_MAILER_FLAGS(`LOCAL',`+S')dnl +</pre> + + <p>Note that <tt class= + "LITERAL">FEATURE(`local_lmtp')</tt> already does + this. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</tt> disables the + SMTP <tt class="LITERAL">EXPN</tt> and <tt class= + "LITERAL">VRFY</tt> commands. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vacation&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vacation</span>(1)</span></a> has + been updated to use the version included with <b + class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> + configuration building tools are installed in <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/share/sendmail/cf/</tt>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>New <tt class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt> options: + <tt class="VARNAME">SENDMAIL_MC</tt> and <tt class= + "VARNAME">SENDMAIL_ADDITIONAL_MC</tt>. See <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</tt> for + more information. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/mail/Makefile</tt> now + supports: the new <tt class= + "VARNAME">SENDMAIL_MC</tt> <tt class= + "FILENAME">make.conf</tt> option; the ability to + build <tt class="FILENAME">.cf</tt> files from <tt + class="FILENAME">.mc</tt> files; generalized map + rebuilding; rebuilding the aliases file; and the + ability to stop, start, and restart <b class= + "APPLICATION">sendmail</b>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="USERNAME">smmsp</tt> and <tt class= + "USERNAME">mailnull</tt> users have been added to <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/master.passwd</tt>. In the + absence of a <tt class="LITERAL">confDEF_USER_ID</tt> + setting, by default, <b class= + "APPLICATION">sendmail</b> will use the <tt class= + "USERNAME">mailnull</tt> user for extra security. + Previously, if the <tt class="USERNAME">mailnull</tt> + user did not exist, the <tt class= + "USERNAME">daemon</tt> user was used. This change may + generate some permissions issues when mailing to + files or to programs (such as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/majordomo/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">mail/majordomo</tt></a>). + [MERGED] The previous behavior can be restored by + adding the following line to a system's <tt class= + "FILENAME"><tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>*</i></tt>.mc</tt> configuration + file:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + define(`confDEF_USER_ID', `daemon') +</pre> + <br> + <br> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN2998">2.3.2 + Ports/Packages Collection</a></h3> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">BSDPAN</b>, a collection of + modules that provides tighter integration of <b class= + "APPLICATION">Perl</b> into the FreeBSD Ports + Collection, has been added.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> can now + work with packages that have been compressed using <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> will use + the PACKAGEROOT environment variable to determine a + mirror site for new packages. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a> now + records dependencies in dependency order rather than in + the order specified on the command line. This improves + the functioning of <tt class="COMMAND">pkg_add -r</tt>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-b</tt> to create a + package file from a locally-installed package. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>When requested to delete multiple packages, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_delete&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_delete</span>(1)</span></a> will + now attempt to remove them in dependency order rather + than the order specified on the command line. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_delete&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_delete</span>(1)</span></a> now can + perform glob/regexp matching of package names. In + addition, it supports a <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> + option for removing all packages and a <tt class= + "OPTION">-i</tt> option for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a>-style + interactive confirmation. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_delete&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_delete</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt> option for + recursive package removal. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports globbing against names of installed packages. + The <tt class="OPTION">-G</tt> option disables this + behavior, and the <tt class="OPTION">-x</tt> option + causes regular expression matching instead of shell + globbing. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a> can now + accept a <tt class="OPTION">-g</tt> flag for verifying + an installed package against its recorded checksums (to + see if it's been modified post-installation). + Naturally, this mechanism is only as secure as the + contents of <tt class="FILENAME">/var/db/pkg</tt> if + it's to be used for auditing purposes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_sign&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_sign</span>(1)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_check&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_check</span>(1)</span></a> have + been added to digitally sign and verify the signatures + on binary package files. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_update&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_update</span>(1)</span></a>, a + utility to update installed packages and update their + dependencies, has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a> now + has a version number comparison routine that + corresponds to the Porters Handbook. It also has a <tt + class="OPTION">-t</tt> option for testing address + comparisons. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a> now + takes a <tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> flag to limit its + operation to ports/packages matching a given string. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Version numbers of installed packages have a new + (backward-compatible) syntax, which supports the <tt + class="VARNAME">PORTREVISION</tt> and <tt class= + "VARNAME">PORTEPOCH</tt> variables in Ports Collection + <tt class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>s. These changes help + keep track of changes in the ports collection entries + such as security patches or FreeBSD-specific updates, + which aren't reflected in the original, third-party + software distributions. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a> can + now compare these new-style version numbers. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>To improve performance and disk utilization, the + ``ports skeletons'' in the FreeBSD Ports Collection + have been restructured. Installed ports and packages + should not be affected. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>All packages and ports now contain an ``origin'' + directive, which makes it easier for programs such as + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a> to + determine the directory from which a package was built. + [MERGED]</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN3091">3 Upgrading from + previous releases of FreeBSD</a></h1> + + <p>If you're upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, + you generally will have three options:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Using the binary upgrade option of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>. This + option is perhaps the quickest, although it presumes + that your installation of FreeBSD uses no special + compilation options.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Performing a complete reinstall of FreeBSD. + Technically, this is not an upgrading method, and in + any case is usually less convenient than a binary + upgrade, in that it requires you to manually backup and + restore the contents of <tt class="FILENAME">/etc</tt>. + However, it may be useful in cases where you want (or + need) to change the partitioning of your disks.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>From source code in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src</tt>. This route is more flexible, + but requires more disk space, time, and more technical + expertise. Upgrading from very old versions of FreeBSD + may be problematic; in cases like this, it is usually + more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a + complete reinstall.</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Please read the <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> + file for more information, preferably <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> beginning + an upgrade. If you are upgrading from source, please be + sure to read <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> as + well.</p> + + <p>Finally, if you want to use one of various means to + track the -STABLE or -CURRENT branches of FreeBSD, please + be sure to consult the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html" + target="_top">``-CURRENT vs. -STABLE''</a> section of the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target= + "_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>.</p> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of + course, only be attempted after backing up <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span> data and + configuration files.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <hr> + + <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related + documents, can be downloaded from <a href= + "ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> + before contacting <<a href= + "mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 5-CURRENT + should subscribe to the <<a href= + "mailto:current@FreeBSD.org">current@FreeBSD.org</a>> + mailing list.</small></small></p> + + <p align="center">For questions about this documentation, + e-mail <<a href= + "mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</p> + <br> + <br> + </body> +</html> + diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/relnotes-i386.html b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/relnotes-i386.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..54379eca22 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/relnotes-i386.html @@ -0,0 +1,5441 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> + <head> + <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"> + <title>FreeBSD/i386 5.0-DP1 Release Notes</title> + <meta name="GENERATOR" content= + "Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 "> + <link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css"> + </head> + + <body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link= + "#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> + <div class="ARTICLE"> + <div class="TITLEPAGE"> + <h1 class="TITLE"><a name="AEN2">FreeBSD/i386 5.0-DP1 + Release Notes</a></h1> + + <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3> + + <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 by + The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p> + + <p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: + src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v + 1.299 2002/03/13 05:41:41 bmah Exp $<br> + </p> + + <div> + <div class="ABSTRACT"> + <a name="AEN11"></a> + + <p>The release notes for FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 contain a + summary of the changes made in the FreeBSD base system + since 4.0-RELEASE. Both changes for kernel and userland + are listed, as well as applicable security advisories + that were issued since the last release. Some brief + remarks on upgrading are also presented.</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr> + </div> + + <div class="TOC"> + <dl> + <dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt> + + <dt>1 <a href="#AEN13">Introduction</a></dt> + + <dt>2 <a href="#AEN18">What's New</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.1 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.1.1 <a href="#AEN276">Processor/Motherboard + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.2 <a href="#AEN305">Bootloader + Changes</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.3 <a href="#AEN324">Network Interface + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.4 <a href="#AEN553">Network + Protocols</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.5 <a href="#AEN678">Disks and + Storage</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.6 <a href="#AEN815">Filesystems</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.7 <a href="#AEN890">PCCARD + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.8 <a href="#AEN911">Multimedia + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.9 <a href="#AEN935">Contributed + Software</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>2.2 <a href="#SECURITY">Security-Related + Changes</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.3.1 <a href="#AEN2627">Contributed + Software</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.2 <a href="#AEN2998">Ports/Packages + Collection</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>3 <a href="#AEN3091">Upgrading from previous releases + of FreeBSD</a></dt> + </dl> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN13">1 Introduction</a></h1> + + <p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD + 5.0-DP1 on the IA-32 hardware platform. It describes new + features of FreeBSD that have been added (or changed) since + 4.0-RELEASE. It also provides some notes on upgrading from + previous versions of FreeBSD.</p> + + <p>The snapshot distribution to which these release notes + apply represents a point along the 5-CURRENT development + branch between 4.0-RELEASE and the future 5.0-RELEASE. Some + pre-built, binary snapshot distributions along this branch + can be found at <a href= + "ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" target= + "_top">ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN18">2 What's New</a></h1> + + <p>This section describes the most user-visible new or + changed features in FreeBSD since 4.0-RELEASE. Typical + release note items document new drivers or hardware + support, new commands or options, major bugfixes, or + contributed software upgrades. Security advisories issued + after 4.0-RELEASE are also listed. In general, changes + described here are unique to the 5-CURRENT branch unless + specifically marked as [MERGED] features.</p> + + <p>Many additional changes were made to FreeBSD that are + not listed here for lack of space. For example, + documentation was corrected and improved, minor bugs were + fixed, insecure coding practices were audited and + corrected, and source code was cleaned up.</p> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="KERNEL">2.1 Kernel + Changes</a></h2> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amdpm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">amdpm</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been added to provide access to the system monitoring + functions of the AMD 756 chipset. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=agp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">agp</span>(4)</span></a> driver for AGP + devices has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> command <tt + class="COMMAND">show pcpu</tt> lists some of the per-CPU + data.</p> + + <p>Two new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> commands, <tt + class="COMMAND">hwatch</tt> and <tt class= + "COMMAND">dhwatch</tt>, have been introduced. Analogous + to <tt class="COMMAND">watch</tt> and <tt class= + "COMMAND">dwatch</tt>, they install hardware watchpoints + (as opposed to software watchpoints) if supported by the + architecture. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a>, which allows + entries in the <tt class="FILENAME">/dev</tt> directory + to be built automatically and supports more flexible + attachment of devices, has been largely reworked. <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> is now enabled + by default and can be disabled by the <tt class= + "LITERAL">NODEVFS</tt> kernel option.</p> + + <p>The dgm driver has been removed in favor of the digi + driver.</p> + + <p>A new digi driver has been added to support PCI + Xr-based and ISA Xem Digiboard cards. A new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=digictl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">digictl</span>(8)</span></a> program is + (mainly) used to re-initialize cards that have external + port modules attached such as the PC/Xem.</p> + + <p>An <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eaccess&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">eaccess</span>(2)</span></a> system call + has been added, similar to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=access&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">access</span>(2)</span></a> except that + the former uses effective credentials rather than real + credentials.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ichsmb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ichsmb</span>(4)</span></a> driver for + the Intel 82801AA (ICH) SMBus controller and compatibles + has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Each <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> environment can + now run under its own securelevel.</p> + + <p>The tunable sysctl variables for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> have moved from + <tt class="VARNAME">jail.*</tt> to the <tt class= + "VARNAME">security.*</tt> hierarchy. Other + security-related sysctl variables have moved from <tt + class="VARNAME">kern.security.*</tt> to <tt class= + "VARNAME">security.*</tt>.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="VARNAME">kern.maxvnodes</tt> limit now + properly limits the number of vnodes in use. Previously + only vnodes with no cached pages could be freed; this + could allow the number of vnodes to grow without limit on + large-memory machines accessing many small files. A <tt + class="LITERAL">vnlru</tt> kernel thread helps to flush + and reuse vnodes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The kernel message buffer is now accessible by the + (machine-independent) <tt class= + "VARNAME">kern.msgbuf</tt> sysctl variable; <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dmesg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dmesg</span>(8)</span></a> no longer + needs to be SGID <tt class="GROUPNAME">kmem</tt>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> event + notification facility was added to the FreeBSD kernel. + This is a new interface which is able to replace <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=poll&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">poll</span>(2)</span></a>/<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=select&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">select</span>(2)</span></a>, offering + improved performance, as well as the ability to report + many different types of events. Support for monitoring + changes in sockets, pipes, fifos, and files are present, + as well as for signals and processes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <tt class="VARNAME">KVA_SPACE</tt> kernel option + can be used to reconfigure the size of the kernel virtual + address space. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=labpc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">labpc</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been removed due to ``bitrot''.</p> + + <p>The loader and kernel linker now look for files named + <tt class="FILENAME">linker.hints</tt> in each directory + with KLDs for a module name and version to KLD filename + mapping. The new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldxref&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">kldxref</span>(8)</span></a> utility is + used to generate these files.</p> + + <p>Linux emulation now supports the kernel functionality + required by the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/linux_base-7/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">emulators/linux_base-7</tt></a> + (RedHat 7.X emulation) port. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Linux emulation now requires <tt class= + "LITERAL">options SYSVSEM</tt> in the kernel + configuration. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lomac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lomac</span>(4)</span></a>, a + Low-Watermark Mandatory Access Control security facility, + has been added as a kernel module. It provides a drop-in + security mechanism in addition to the traditional + UID-based security facilities, requiring no additional + configuration from the administrator. Work on this + feature was sponsored by DARPA and NAI Labs.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="VARNAME">maxusers</tt> kernel + configuration parameter is now a boot-time tunable + variable. The kernel parameters derived from <tt class= + "VARNAME">maxusers</tt> are now also tunables and can be + overridden at boot-time. The <tt class="VARNAME">hz</tt> + parameter is also now a tunable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Specifying a value of <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> for + the <tt class="VARNAME">maxusers</tt> kernel + configuration parameter will now cause an appropriate + value to be calculated at boot-time (between 32 and 384, + depending on the amount of memory present). This value is + now the default for all <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> + kernels. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The kernel configuration parameters <tt class= + "VARNAME">MAXTSIZ</tt>, <tt class="VARNAME">DFLDSIZ</tt>, + <tt class="VARNAME">MAXDSIZ</tt>, <tt class= + "VARNAME">DFLSSIZ</tt>, <tt class="VARNAME">MAXSSIZ</tt>, + and <tt class="VARNAME">SGROWSIZ</tt> are all loader + tunables (<tt class="VARNAME">kern.maxtsiz</tt>, <tt + class="VARNAME">kern.maxdfldsiz</tt>, etc.). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">NCPU</tt>, <tt class= + "LITERAL">NAPIC</tt>, <tt class="LITERAL">NBUS</tt>, and + <tt class="LITERAL">NINTR</tt> kernel configuration + options, for configuring SMP kernels, have been removed. + <tt class="LITERAL">NCPU</tt> is now set to a maximum of + 16, and the other, aforementioned options are now + dynamic. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nmdm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">nmdm</span>(4)</span></a> null-modem + terminal driver has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">O_DIRECT</tt> flag has been + added to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=open&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">open</span>(2)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fcntl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fcntl</span>(2)</span></a>. Specifying + this flag for open files will attempt to minimize the + cache effects of reading and writing. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>An <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=orm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">orm</span>(4)</span></a> device has been + added to claim the option ROMs in the ISA memory I/O + space, to prevent other drivers from mistakenly assigning + addresses that conflict with these ROMs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>PECOFF (Win32 Execution file format) support has been + added.</p> + + <p>The pmc driver, which supports the power management + controller of the NEC PC-98NOTE, has been added. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>POSIX.1b Shared Memory Objects are now supported. The + implementation uses regular files, but automatically + enables the MAP_NOSYNC flag when they are <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a>-ed. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Replaced the <tt class="LITERAL">PQ_*CACHE</tt> + options with a single <tt class= + "LITERAL">PQ_CACHESIZE</tt> option to be set to the cache + size in kilobytes. The old options are still supported + for backwards compatibility. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=puc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">puc</span>(4)</span></a> (PCI + ``Universal'' Communications) driver has been added, to + help connect PCI-based serial ports to the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a> driver. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">random</span>(4)</span></a> device has + been rewritten to use the <b class= + "APPLICATION">Yarrow</b> algorithm. It harvests entropy + from a variety of interrupt sources, including the + console devices, Ethernet and point-to-point network + interfaces, and mass-storage devices. Entropy from the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">random</span>(4)</span></a> device is now + periodically saved to files in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/var/db/entropy</tt>, as well as at shutdown + time. The semantics of <tt class= + "FILENAME">/dev/random</tt> have changed; it never blocks + waiting for entropy bits but generates a stream of + pseudo-random data and now behaves exactly as <tt class= + "FILENAME">/dev/urandom</tt>.</p> + + <p>A new kernel option, <tt class="LITERAL">options + REGRESSION</tt>, enables interfaces and functionality + intended for use during correctness and regression + testing.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">snp</span>(4)</span></a> device is no + longer static and can now be compiled as a module. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=spic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">spic</span>(4)</span></a> driver, which + provides access to the jog dial device on some Sony + laptops, has been added.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports keyboard-controlled pasting, by default bound to + <b class="KEYCAP">Shift</b>-<b class= + "KEYCAP">Insert</b>.</p> + + <p>Support for USB devices was added to the <tt class= + "FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel and to the installation + programs to support USB devices out of the box. Note that + SRM does not support USB devices at the moment, so you + must still use an AT keyboard if you are not using a + serial console. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The umodem driver for USB modems has been added. + Support is provided for the 3Com 5605 and Metricom + Ricochet GS wireless USB modems. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uscanner&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">uscanner</span>(4)</span></a> driver for + basic USB scanner support using SANE has been added. See + <a href="http://www.mostang.com/sane/" target="_top">the + SANE home page</a> for supported scanners. The HP ScanJet + 4100C, 5200C and 6300C are known to be working. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">USER_LDT</tt> kernel option is + now activated by default.</p> + + <p>A VESA S3 linear framebuffer driver has been + added.</p> + + <p>Write combining for crashdumps has been implemented. + This feature is useful when write caching is disabled on + both SCSI and IDE disks, where large memory dumps could + take up to an hour to complete. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Extremely large swap areas (>67 GB) no longer panic + the system.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="MAKETARGET">buildkernel</tt> target now + gets the name of the configuration(s) to build from the + <tt class="VARNAME">KERNCONF</tt> variable, not <tt + class="VARNAME">KERNEL</tt>. It is no longer required, in + some cases, for a <tt class="MAKETARGET">buildworld</tt> + to precede a <tt class="MAKETARGET">buildkernel</tt>. + (The <tt class="MAKETARGET">buildworld</tt> is still + required when upgrading across major releases, across <b + class="APPLICATION">binutil</b> updates and when <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> changes + version.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The out-of-swap process termination code now begins + killing processes earlier to avoid deadlocks; it now also + takes into account the swap space used by processes when + computing the process sizes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Linker sets are now self-contained; <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gensetdefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gensetdefs</span>(8)</span></a> is + unnecessary and has been removed.</p> + + <p>Numerous SMP-friendly changes have been made to the + kernel's mbuf allocator.</p> + + <p>Network device cloning has been implemented, and the + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gif</span>(4)</span></a> device has been + modified to take advantage of it. Thus, instead of + specifying how many <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gif</span>(4)</span></a> interfaces are + available in kernel configuration files, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>'s <tt + class="OPTION">create</tt> option should be used when + another device instance is desired. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>It is now possible to hardwire kernel environment + variables (such as tuneables) at compile-time using <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>'s <tt class= + "LITERAL">ENV</tt> directive.</p> + + <p>Idle zeroing of pages can be enabled with the <tt + class="VARNAME">vm.zeroidle_enable</tt> sysctl + variable.</p> + + <p>The load addresses of kernels are now exported to the + symbol table and various hard-coded constants have been + removed so that utilities such as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> can work with + kernels compiled at different addresses. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Coredumps of large processes (or of a large number of + processes) no longer lock up the machine for long periods + of time. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The kernel is now aware of the concept that there are + smaller units of scheduling than a process (but only one + thread per process is allowed at this time).</p> + + <p>The kernel now has support for multiple low-level + console devices. The new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a> utility + helps to manage the different consoles.</p> + + <p>The kernel on the installation CDs is now separated + from the <tt class="FILENAME">mfsroot</tt> image. This + permits the use of a full kernel when installing from CD + on machines that support CD booting (instead of the + stripped-down kernel used on floppies). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The system load average computation now adds some + jitter to the timing of samples, in order to avoid + synchronization with processes that run periodically. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>If a debugging kernel with modules is being built + (i.e. using <tt class="LITERAL">makeoptions + DEBUG=-g</tt>), the modules will now be built with + debugging support as well, for completeness. A side + effect of this change is that modules built and installed + with debugging kernels will now occupy more space on disk + than they did previously. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The kernel dump device can now be set via the <tt + class="VARNAME">dumpdev</tt> loader tunable. As a result, + it is now possible to obtain crash dumps from panics + during the late stages of kernel initialization (before + the system enters into single-user mode). [MERGED]</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN276">2.1.1 + Processor/Motherboard Support</a></h3> + + <p>SMP support has been largely reworked, incorporating + code from BSD/OS 5.0. One of the main features of SMPng + (``SMP Next Generation'') is to allow more processes to + run in kernel, without the need for spin locks that can + dramatically reduce the efficiency of multiple + processors. Interrupt handlers now have contexts + associated with them that allow them to be blocked, + which reduces the need to lock out interrupts.</p> + + <p>Support for the 80386 processor has been removed + from the <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel, as + this code seriously pessimizes performance on other + IA32 processors.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">I386_CPU</tt> kernel option + to support the 80386 processor is now mutually + exclusive with support for other IA32 processors; this + should slightly improve performance on the 80386 due to + the elimination of runtime processor type checks.</p> + + <p>Custom kernels that will run on the 80386 can still + be built by changing the cpu options in the kernel + configuration file to only include <tt class= + "LITERAL">I386_CPU</tt>.</p> + + <p>Detection for new processors, such as the FC-PGA2 + Pentium III (Tualatin), Transmeta Crusoe, and Transmeta + Crusoe LongRun, has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Support for Streaming <span class= + "ACRONYM">SIMD</span> Extensions (<span class= + "ACRONYM">SSE</span>) has been introduced. The <tt + class="LITERAL">CPU_ENABLE_SSE</tt> kernel option + controls whether support is compiled into the kernel. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">CPU_ATHLON_SSE_HACK</tt> + kernel option has been added, which attempts to enable + the SSE feature bit on newer Athlon CPUs if the BIOS + has forgotten to enable it.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN305">2.1.2 Bootloader + Changes</a></h3> + + <p>A new <tt class="FILENAME">cdboot</tt> bootstrap + utility for CDROMs provides better compatability with + some BIOS implementations that do not completely + implement the El Torito bootable CDROM standard. This + boot loader supports ``no emulation'' mode booting, + thus eliminating the need for an emulated floppy disk + image on a bootable CDROM. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The i386 boot loader now has support for a <tt + class="LITERAL">nullconsole</tt> console type, for use + on systems with neither a video console nor a serial + port. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=loader&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">loader</span>(8)</span></a> now has + optional support (enabled at compile-time, off by + default) for loading <b class= + "APPLICATION">bzip2</b>-compressed kernels and modules. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Support for Intel's Wired for Management 2.0 (PXE) + was added to the FreeBSD boot loader. Due to API + differences, the older PXE versions are not supported. + This allow network booting using DHCP. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The FreeBSD boot loader now contains a workaround to + support CDROM booting on certain IBM BIOSs that expect + the first sector of the emulated floppy to contain a + valid MS-DOS BPB that they can modify. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The FreeBSD boot loader now supports a <tt class= + "OPTION">-p</tt> flag to force the kernel to pause + after each line of output during the probing phase. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The FreeBSD boot loader is now capable of booting + from filesystems with block sizes larger than 8K. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The kernel and modules have been moved to the + directory <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/kernel</tt>, so + they can be easily manipulated together. The boot + loader has been updated to make this change as seamless + as possible.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN324">2.1.3 Network + Interface Support</a></h3> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> driver for + Cisco Aironet cards now supports Wired Equivalent + Privacy (WEP) encryption, settable via <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ancontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ancontrol</span>(8)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports the Cisco Aironet 350 series of adaptors. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports ``monitor'' mode, settable via the <tt class= + "OPTION">-M</tt> option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ancontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ancontrol</span>(8)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports Cisco LEAP, as well as the ``Home'' WEP key. + The Linux Aironet utilities are now supported under + emulation. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Generic support for ARCNET token-based networks has + been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been added to support the Broadcom BCM570x family of + Gigabit Ethernet controllers, including the 3Com + 3c996-T, the SysKonnect SK-9D21 and SK-9D41, and the + built-in Gigabit Ethernet NICs on Dell PowerEdge 2550 + servers. Output TCP/IP checksum offload, jumbo frames + and VLAN tag insertion/stripping are supported, as well + as interrupt moderation. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The cm driver has been added to support SMC COM90cx6 + ARCNET network adapters. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports NICs based on the Xircom 3201 and Conexant + LANfinity RS7112 chips.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for VLANs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + performs round-robin arbitration between the transmit + and receive units of the 21143, instead of giving + priority to the receive unit. This gives a 10-15% + performance improvement in the forwarding rate under + heavy load. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Linksys Fast Ethernet PCCARD cards supported by the + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + require the addition of flag <tt class= + "LITERAL">0x80000</tt> to their config line in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pccard.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pccard.conf</span>(5)</span></a>. This + flag is not optional. These Linksys cards will not be + recognized without it. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver that + could cause panics with very short packets and BPF or + bridging active has been fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for D-Link DL10022 chips, necessary for the + NetGear FA-410TX and other cards. As a result, <tt + class="LITERAL">device miibus</tt> is required in + kernel configurations using the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=el&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">el</span>(4)</span></a> driver can now + be loaded as a module.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been + added to support NICs based on the Intel 82542, 82543, + and 82544 Gigabit Ethernet controller chips. The driver + supports transmit/receive checksum offload and jumbo + frames on 82543 and 82544-based adapters. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=faith&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">faith</span>(4)</span></a> device is + now loadable, unloadable, and clonable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Support for Fujitsu MB86960A/MB86965A based Ethernet + PC-Cards has been added back in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fe</span>(4)</span></a> driver. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + requires a <tt class="LITERAL">device miibus</tt> entry + in the kernel configuration file. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + contains a workaround for PCI protocol violations + caused by defects in some systems based on the Intel + ICH2/ICH2-M chip. The workaround is to rewrite the + EEPROM on the interface to disable Dynamic Standby + Mode; once the EEPROM is rewritten, the system needs to + be rebooted for the new settings to take effect. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports Intel's loadable microcode to implement + receive-side interrupt coalescing and packet bundling, + on NICs that support these features. This support can + be activated by the use of the <tt class= + "OPTION">link0</tt> option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been + added to support NICs based on the Intel 82542 and + 82543 Gigabit Ethernet controller chips. Both fiber and + copper variants of the cards are supported. Both boards + support VLAN tagging/insertion, and the 82543 + additionally supports TCP/IP checksum offload. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lge</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been added to support the Level 1 LXT1001 NetCellerator + Gigabit Ethernet controller chip. This device is used + on some fiber optic GigE cards from SMC, D-Link and + Addtron. Jumbograms and TCP/IP checksum offload on + receive are supported, although hardware VLAN filtering + is not. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Added the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a> driver, which + supports PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the + National Semiconductor DP83820 and DP83821 Gigabit + Ethernet controller chips, including the D-Link + DGE-500T, SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX), Asante + FriendlyNet GigaNIC 1000TA and 1000TPC and Addtron + AEG320T. This driver supports transmit and receive + checksum offloading. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> driver, which + supports the AMD PCnet/FAST, PCnet/FAST+, PCnet/FAST + III, PCnet/PRO, PCnet/Home, and HomePNA adapters, has + been added. Although these cards are already supported + by the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> driver, the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> driver runs + these chips in 32-bit mode and uses the RX alignment + feature to achieve zero-copy receive. This driver is + also machine-independent, so it will work on both the + i386 and Alpha platforms. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> driver is + still needed to support non-PCI cards. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ray&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ray</span>(4)</span></a> driver, which + supports the Webgear Aviator wireless network cards, + has been committed. The operation of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ray&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ray</span>(4)</span></a> interfaces can + be modified by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=raycontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">raycontrol</span>(8)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The sbni driver, for supporting the Granch SBNI12 + series of ISA and PCI point-to-point communications + interfaces, has been added. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/sbniconfig/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/sbniconfig</tt></a> port + in the FreeBSD Ports Collection can be used for + configuring these devices. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Added support for PCI Ethernet adapters based on the + SiS 900 and SiS 7016 Fast Ethernet controller chips + (for example, as seen on the SiS 635 and 735 + motherboard chipsets), as well as the National + Semiconductor DP83815 chipset (including the NetGear + FA311-TX and FA312-TX) in the form of the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver. This + device has support for VLANs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The snc driver for the National Semiconductor + DP8393X (SONIC) Ethernet controller has been added. + Currently, this driver is only used on the PC-98 + architecture. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> device is now + clonable.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tap&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tap</span>(4)</span></a> driver, a + virtual Ethernet device driver for bridged + configurations, has been added. This device is + clonable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports the Alteon AceNIC 1000baseT Gigabit Ethernet + and Netgear GA620T 1000baseT Gigabit cards. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver + correctly masks VLAN tags. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been added to support NICs based on the 3Com 3XP + Typhoon/Sidewinder (3CR990) chipset. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vlan</span>(4)</span></a> devices are + now loadable, unloadable, and clonable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for Prism II and Prism 2.5-based NICs. + 104/128-bit WEP now works on Prism cards. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports the 3Com 3C556 and 3C556B MiniPCI adapters + used on some laptops. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports reception of VLAN tagged frames (on the + ``Cyclone'' or newer chipsets). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports send- and receive-side TCP/IP checksum + offloading for NICs implementing this feature, such as + the 3C905B, 3C905C, and 3C980C. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver, related + to statistics overflow interrupt handling, was causing + slowdowns at medium to high packet rates; this has been + fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The per-interface <tt class="VARNAME">ifnet</tt> + structure now has the ability to indicate a set of + capabilities supported by a network interface, and + which ones are enabled. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> has + support for querying these capabilities. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Performance with hosts having a large number of IP + aliases has been improved, by replacing the + per-interface <tt class="VARNAME">if_inaddr</tt> linear + list with a hash table. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Network devices now automatically appear as special + files in <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/net</tt>. Interface + hardware ioctls (not protocol or routing) can be + performed on these devices. The <tt class= + "VARNAME">SIOCGIFCONF</tt> ioctl may be performed on + the special <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/network</tt> + node.</p> + + <p>Selected network drivers now implement a + semi-polling mode, which makes systems much more + resilient to attacks and overloads. To enable polling, + the following options are required in a kernel + configuration file:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEVICE_POLLING + options HZ=1000 # not compulsory but strongly recommended +</pre> + The <tt class="VARNAME">kern.polling.enable</tt> sysctl + variable will then activate polling mode; with the <tt + class="VARNAME">kern.polling.user_frac</tt> sysctl + indicating the percentage of CPU time to be reserved + for userland. The devices initially supporting polling + are <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>. More details + can be found in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a> manual + page. [MERGED]<br> + <br> + + <p>The packet-forwarding performance of certain network + drivers (specifically <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>) has been + enhanced by the elimination of unnecessary buffer + copies. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN553">2.1.4 Network + Protocols</a></h3> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=accept_filter&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">accept_filter</span>(9)</span></a>, a + kernel feature to reduce overheads when accepting and + reading new connections on listening sockets, has been + added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">proxy</tt> modifier to <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">arp</span>(8)</span></a>'s <tt class= + "OPTION">-d</tt> option has been renamed to <tt class= + "LITERAL">pub</tt>, for consistency with the <tt class= + "OPTION">-s</tt> option. The <tt class= + "LITERAL">only</tt> keyword has been added to the <tt + class="OPTION">-s</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> + flags, to be used in creating ``proxy-only'' published + entries. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The read timeout feature of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bpf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bpf</span>(4)</span></a> now works more + correctly with <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=select&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">select</span>(2)</span></a>/<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=poll&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">poll</span>(2)</span></a>, and + therefore with pthreads. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bridge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bridge</span>(4)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dummynet&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dummynet</span>(4)</span></a> have + received some enhancements and bug fixes, and are now + loadable modules. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bridge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bridge</span>(4)</span></a> now has + better support for multiple, fully-independent bridging + clusters, and is much more stable in the presence of + dynamic attachments and detatchments. Full support for + VLANs is also supported. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>ICMP ECHO and TSTAMP replies are now rate limited. + TCP RSTs generated due to packets sent to open and + unopen ports are now limited by separate counters. Each + rate limiting queue now has its own description.</p> + + <p>ICMP <tt class="LITERAL">UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB</tt> + messages can now RST TCP connections in the <tt class= + "LITERAL">SYN_SENT</tt> state if the correct sequence + numbers are sent back, as controlled by the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.icmp_may_rst</tt> sysctl.</p> + + <p>IP multicast now works on VLAN devices. Several + other bugs in the VLAN code have also been fixed.</p> + + <p>A bug in the IPSec processing for IPv4, which caused + the inbound SPD checks to be ignored, has been fixed. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> now filters + correctly in the presence of ECN bits in TCP segments. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_eth&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_eth</span>(4)</span></a> netgraph + node allows Ethernet type packets to be filtered to + different hooks depending on ethertype.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_gif</span>(4)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_gif_demux&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_gif_demux</span>(4)</span></a> + netgraph nodes, for operating on <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gif</span>(4)</span></a> devices, have + been added.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ip_input&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ip_input</span>(4)</span></a> + netgraph node, for queueing IP packets into the main IP + input processing code, has been added.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_mppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_mppc</span>(4)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bridge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bridge</span>(4)</span></a> node + types have been added to the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netgraph&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netgraph</span>(4)</span></a> + subsystem. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ether&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ether</span>(4)</span></a> node is + now dynamically loadable. Miscellaneous bug fixes and + enhancements have also been made. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new netgraph node type <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_one2many&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_one2many</span>(4)</span></a> for + multiplexing and demultiplexing packets over multiple + links has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new sysctl <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.ip.check_interface</tt>, which is on + by default, causes IP to verify that an incoming packet + arrives on an interface that has an address matching + the packet's destination address. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new sysctl <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_wrong_iface</tt> + has been added to control the suppression of logging + when ARP replies arrive on the wrong interface. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <tt class="LITERAL">options RANDOM_IP_ID</tt> + kernel option causes the ID field of IP packets to be + randomized. This closes a minor information leak which + allows a remote observer to determine the rate at which + the machine is generating packets, since the default + behavior is to increment a counter for each packet + sent. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP has received some bug fixes for its delayed ACK + behavior. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP now supports the NewReno modification to the TCP + Fast Recovery algorithm. This behavior can be + controlled via the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.newreno</tt> sysctl variable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP now uses a more aggressive timeout for initial + SYN segments; this allows initial connection attempts + to be dropped much faster. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">TCP_COMPAT_42</tt> kernel + option has been removed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">TCP_RESTRICT_RST</tt> kernel + option has been removed. Similar functionality can be + achieved with the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.blackhole</tt> sysctl variable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP now has RFC 1323 extensions enabled by default + in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>RFC 1323 and RFC 1644 TCP extensions are now + disabled for a connection in progress if no response + has been received by the third SYN segment sent. This + behavior tries to work around (very old) terminal + servers with buggy VJ header compression + implementations. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The TCP implementation no longer requires the + allocation of a TCP template structure for each + connection; this should reduce the buffer usage on + large systems handling many connections. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP's default buffer sizes, controlled by the <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.sendspace</tt> and <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.recvspace</tt> sysctl + variables, have been increased to 32K and 64K + respectively. Previously, the default for both buffer + sizes was 16K. To try to avoid increasing congestion, + the default value for <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.local_slowstart_flightsize</tt> + has been changed from infinity to 4. [MERGED]</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> On busy hosts, the new larger + buffer sizes may require manually increasing the + <tt class="VARNAME">NMBCLUSTERS</tt> parameter, + either in the kernel configuration file or via the + <tt class="VARNAME">kern.ipc.nmbclusters</tt> + loader tunable. <tt class="COMMAND">netstat + -mb</tt> can be used to monitor the state of mbuf + clusters.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br> + <br> + + <p>TCP now supports RFC 1948 (Defending Against + Sequence Number Attacks). This functionality is + controlled by the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.strict_rfc1948</tt> and <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.isn_reseed_interval</tt> + sysctl variables. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The TCP implementation in FreeBSD now implements a + cache of outstanding, received SYN segments. Incoming + SYN segments now cause entries to be placed in the + cache until the TCP three-way handshake is complete, at + which point, memory is allocated for the connection as + usual. In addition, all TCP Initial Sequence Numbers + (ISNs) are used as cookies, allowing entries in the + cache to be dropped, but still have their corresponding + ACKs accepted later. The combination of the so-called + ``syncache'' and ``syncookies'' features makes a host + much more resistant to TCP-based Denial of Service + attacks. Work on this feature was sponsored by DARPA + and NAI Labs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in the TCP implementation, which could cause + connections to stall if a sender saw a zero-sized + window, has been corrected. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The TCP implementation now properly ignores packets + addressed to IP-layer broadcast addresses. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN678">2.1.5 Disks and + Storage</a></h3> + + <p>Support for the Adaptec FSA family of PCI-SCSI RAID + controllers has been added, in the form of the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver. This + driver includes proper handling of commands initiated + by the adapter, addition/removal of disk devices, + crashdump functionality, and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a> commands + necessary for the management CLI, and is fully + qualified and sanctioned by Adaptec. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + received numerous updates, bugfixes, and enhancements. + Among various improvements are improved compatibility + with chips in ``RAID Port'' mode and systems with AAA + and/or ARO cards installed, as well as performance + improvements. Some bugs were also fixed, including a + rare hang on Ultra2/U160 controllers. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=asr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">asr</span>(4)</span></a> driver, which + provides support for the Adaptec SCSI RAID controller + family, as well as the DPT SmartRAID V and VI families, + has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=asr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">asr</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports the Adaptec 2000S and 2005S Zero-Channel RAID + controllers. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for ATA100 controllers. In addition, it now + supports the ServerWorks ROSB4 ATA33 chipset, the CMD + 648 ATA66 and CMD 649 ATA100 chipsets, and the Cyrix + 5530. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>To provide more flexible configuration, the various + options for the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver are now + boot loader tunables, rather than kernel configure-time + options. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for tagged queuing, which is enabled by the <tt + class="VARNAME">hw.ata.tags</tt> loader tunable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for ATA ``pseudo'' RAID controllers as the + Promise Fasttrak and HighPoint HPT370 controllers. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports a wider variety of SiS chipsets, as listed in + the Hardware Notes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for rebuilding failed drives in a RAID1 + configuration, under control of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atacontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">atacontrol</span>(8)</span></a></p> + + <p>The BurnProof(TM) feature, for applicable ATAPI + CD-ROM burners, is now supported. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for 48-bit addressing. Devices larger than + 137GB are now supported. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + contains fixes for some data corruption problems on + systems using the VIA 82C686B Southbridge chip. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The CAM error recovery code has been updated.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for write operations. This allows writing to + DVD-RAM, PD and similar drives that probe as CD + devices. Note that change affects only random-access + writeable devices, not sequential-only writeable + devices such as CD-R drives, which are supported by <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a> (a part + of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> in the + Ports Collection. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The ciss driver, for devices utilizing the Common + Interface for SCSI-3 Support, has been added. This + driver supports the Compaq SmartRAID 5* family of RAID + controllers (5300, 532, 5i). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a> floppy disk + has undergone a number of enhancements. Density + selection for common settings is now automatic; the + driver is also much more flexible in setting the + densities of various subdevices.</p> + + <p>The ida disk driver now has crashdump support. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The iir driver has been added to support the Intel + Integrated RAID controllers, as well as prior ICP + Vortex controllers.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver is now + proactive about discovering Fibre Channel topology + changes.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports target mode for Qlogic SCSI cards, including + Ultra2 and Ultra3 and dual bus cards.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports the Qlogic 2300 and 2312 Optical Fibre Channel + PCI cards. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a>, the memory + disk device, has had the functionality of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vn</span>(4)</span></a> incorporated + into it. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a> devices can now + be configured by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vn</span>(4)</span></a> has been + removed. The Memory Filesystem (MFS) has also been + removed.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mly&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mly</span>(4)</span></a> driver, for + Mylex PCI to SCSI AccelRAID and eXtremeRAID controllers + with firmware 6.X and later, has been added. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The ncv, nsp, and stg drivers have been ported from + NetBSD/pc98. They support the NCR 53C50 / Workbit Ninja + SCSI-3 / TMC 18C30, 18C50 based PC-Card/ISA SCSI + controllers. All three drivers can be built and loaded + as modules. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Some problems in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sa</span>(4)</span></a> error handling + have been fixed, including the ``tape drive spinning + indefinitely upon <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mt</span>(1)</span></a> <tt class= + "OPTION">stat</tt>'' problem.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">twe</span>(4)</span></a> 3ware ATA RAID + driver has added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> volume + manager has received some bug fixes and + enhancements.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wd</span>(4)</span></a> compatibility + devices were removed from the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver. + [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN815">2.1.6 + Filesystems</a></h3> + + <p>Support for named extended attributes was added to + the FreeBSD kernel. This allows the kernel, and + appropriately privileged userland processes, to tag + files and directories with attribute data. Extended + attributes were added to support the TrustedBSD + Project, in particular ACLs, capability data, and + mandatory access control labels (see <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.extattr</tt> for + details).</p> + + <p>Due to a licensing change, softupdates have been + integrated into the main portion of the kernel source + tree. As a consequence, softupdates are now available + with the <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A filesystem snapshot capability has been added to + FFS. Details can be found in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ffs/README.snapshot</tt>.</p> + + <p>Softupdates for FFS have received some bug fixes and + enhancements.</p> + + <p>When running with softupdates, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=statfs&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">statfs</span>(2)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> will track the + number of blocks and files that are committed to being + freed.</p> + + <p>A bug in FFS that could cause superblock corruption + on very large filesystems has been corrected. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The Inode Filesystem (IFS) has been added; more + information can be found in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ifs/README</tt>.</p> + + <p>The ISO-9660 filesystem now has a hook that supports + a loadable character conversion routine. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cd9660_unicode/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/cd9660_unicode</tt></a> + port contains a set of common conversions.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kernfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">kernfs</span>(5)</span></a> is obsolete + and has been retired.</p> + + <p>A bug in the NFS client that caused bogus access + times with <tt class="LITERAL">O_EXCL|O_CREAT</tt> + opens was fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new NFS hash function (based on the Fowler/Noll/Vo + hash algorithm) has been implemented to improve NFS + performance by increasing the efficiency of the <tt + class="VARNAME">nfsnode</tt> hash tables. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Client-side NFS locks have been implemented.</p> + + <p>The client-side and server-side of the NFS code in + the kernel used to be intertwined in various complex + ways. They have been split apart for ease of + maintenance and further development.</p> + + <p>Support for filesystem Access Control Lists (ACLs) + has been introduced, allowing more fine-grained control + of discretionary access control on files and + directories. This support was integrated from the + TrustedBSD Project. More details can be found in <tt + class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.acls</tt>.</p> + + <p>The directory layout preference algorithm for FFS + (<tt class="LITERAL">dirprefs</tt>) has been changed. + Rather than scattering directory blocks across a disk, + it attempts to group related directory blocks together. + Operations traversing large directory hierarchies, such + as the FreeBSD Ports tree, have shown marked speedups. + This change is transparent and automatic for new + directories. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>smbfs (CIFS) support in kernel has been added. The + userland programs <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smbutil&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">smbutil</span>(1)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_smbfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mount_smbfs</span>(8)</span></a> can be + used to work with SMB shares. Note that <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_smbfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mount_smbfs</span>(8)</span></a> will + automatically load the <tt class= + "FILENAME">smbfs.ko</tt> module into the kernel, even + if <tt class="LITERAL">LIBMCHAIN</tt> and <tt class= + "LITERAL">LIBICONV</tt> were not compiled into the + kernel. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>For consistency, the fdesc, fifo, null, msdos, + portal, umap, and union filesystems have been renamed + to fdescfs, fifofs, msdosfs, nullfs, portalfs, umapfs, + and unionfs. Where applicable, modules and mount_* + programs have been renamed. Compatibility ``glue'' has + been added to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> so that <tt + class="LITERAL">msdos</tt> filesystem entries in <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a> will work + without changes.</p> + + <p>pseudofs, a pseudo-filesystem framework, has been + added. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linprocfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> have been + modified to use pseudofs.</p> + + <p>A simple hash-based lookup optimization for large + directories called <tt class="LITERAL">dirhash</tt> has + been added. Conditional on the <tt class= + "LITERAL">UFS_DIRHASH</tt> kernel option (enabled by + default in the <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> + kernel), it improves the speed of operations on very + large directories at the expense of some memory. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The virtual memory subsystem now backs UFS directory + memory requirements by default (this behavior is + controlled via the <tt class= + "VARNAME">vfs.vmiodirenable</tt> sysctl variable). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug that prevented the root filesystem from being + mounted from a SCSI CDROM has been fixed (ATAPI CDROMs + were always supported). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A number of bugs in the filesystem code, discovered + through the use of the <b class="APPLICATION">fsx</b> + filesystem test tool, have been fixed. Under certain + circumstances (primarily related to use of NFS), these + bugs could cause data corruption or kernel panics. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Network filesystems (such as NFS and smbfs + filesystems) listed in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> can now be properly mounted + during startup initialization; their mounts are + deferred until after the network is initialized.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN890">2.1.7 PCCARD + Support</a></h3> + + <p>The pccard driver and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pccardc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pccardc</span>(8)</span></a> now + support multiple ``beep types'' upon card insertion and + removal. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>On many modern hosts, PCCARD devices can be + configured to route their interrupts via either the ISA + or PCI interrupt paths. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcic</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been updated to support both interrupt paths (formerly, + only routing via ISA was supported). [MERGED] In most + cases, configuration of PCMCIA devices in laptops is + simpler and more flexible. In addition, various Cardbus + bridge PCI cards (such as those used by Orinoco PCI + NICs) are now supported. Some hosts may experience + problems, such as hangs or panics, with PCI interrupt + routing; they can frequently be made to work by forcing + the older-style ISA interrupt routing. The following + lines, placed in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt>, may fix the + problem:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + hw.pcic.intr_path="1" + hw.pcic.irq="0" +</pre> + + <p>When installing FreeBSD on such a system, typing the + following lines to the boot loader may be helpful in + starting up FreeBSD for the first time:</p> + + <p> </p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">ok</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>set hw.pcic.intr_path="1"</b></tt> + <tt class="PROMPT">ok</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>set hw.pcic.irq="0"</b></tt> +</pre> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Preliminary Cardbus support under NEWCARD has been + added. This code supports the TI113X, TI12XX, TI125X, + Ricoh 5C46/5C47, Topic 95/97/100 and Cirrus Logic + PD683X bridges. 16-bit PC Card support is not yet + functional.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN911">2.1.8 Multimedia + Support</a></h3> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports the ESS Solo 1, Maestro-1, Maestro-2, and + Maestro-2e; Forte Media fm801, ESS Maestro-2e, and VIA + Technologies VT82C686A sound card/chipsets, and has + received some other updates. Separate drivers for the + SoundBlaster 8 and SoundBlaster 16 now replace an + older, unified driver. A driver for the CMedia + CMI8338/CMI8738 sound chips has been added. A driver + for the CS4281 sound chip has been added. A driver for + the S3 SonicVibes chipset has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A driver for the Avance Logic ALS4000 has been + added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A driver for the ESS Maestro-3/Allegro has been + added, however due to licensing restrictions, it cannot + be compiled into the kernel. [MERGED] To use this + driver, add the following line to <tt class= + "FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt>:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + snd_maestro3_load="YES" +</pre> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bktr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bktr</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been updated to 2.18. This update provides a number of + new features. New tuner types have been added, and + improvements to the KLD module and to memory allocation + have been made. Bugs in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> when + unloading and reloading have been fixed. Support for + new Hauppauge Model 44xxx WinTV Cards (the ones with no + audio mux) has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The ufm driver, supporting the D-Link DSB-R100 USB + Radio, has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>When sound modules are built, one can now load all + the drivers and infrastructure by <tt class= + "COMMAND">kldload snd</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new API has been added for sound cards with + hardware volume control.</p> + + <p>A driver for the Intel 443MX, 810, 815, and 815E + integrated sound devices has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The via82c686 sound driver now supports the VIA + VT8233. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The ich sound driver now support the SiS 7012 + chipset. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN935">2.1.9 Contributed + Software</a></h3> + + <p>The Forth Inspired Command Language (<b class= + "APPLICATION">FICL</b>) used in the boot loader has + been updated to 2.05.</p> + + <p>Support for Advanced Configuration and Power + Interface (ACPI), a multi-vendor standard for + configuration and power management, has been added. + This functionality has been provided by the <b class= + "APPLICATION">Intel ACPI Component Architecture</b> + project, as of the ACPI CA 20020308 snapshot. Some + backward compatability for applications using the older + APM standard has been provided.</p> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN941">2.1.9.1 + IPFilter</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> has been + updated to 3.4.20. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> now supports + IPv6. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN947">2.1.9.2 + isdn4bsd</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">isdn4bsd</b> has been + updated to version 1.0.1. As a result of this update, + users of the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=i4bisppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">i4bisppp</span>(4)</span></a> (kernel + PPP over ISDN) driver <span class="emphasis"><i + class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> now use <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ispppcontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ispppcontrol</span>(8)</span></a> + instead of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=spppcontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">spppcontrol</span>(8)</span></a> to + configure and control these network interfaces. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifpi</span>(4)</span></a> driver for + supporting the AVM Fritz!Card PCI version 2 + controller has been added.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ihfc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ihfc</span>(4)</span></a> driver for + supporting Cologne Chip Designs HFC devices under <b + class="APPLICATION">isdn4bsd</b> has been added. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=itjc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">itjc</span>(4)</span></a> driver for + supporting NETjet-S / Teles PCI-TJ devices under <b + class="APPLICATION">isdn4bsd</b> has been added. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Experimental support for the Eicon.Diehl DIVA 2.0 + and 2.02 ISA PnP ISDN cards has been added to the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isic</span>(4)</span></a> <b class= + "APPLICATION">isdn4bsd</b> driver. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isic</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports the Compaq Microcom 610 ISDN ISA PnP card. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Active CAPI-based ISDN cards manufactured by AVM + are now supported using the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=i4bcapi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">i4bcapi</span>(4)</span></a> and the + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iavc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">iavc</span>(4)</span></a> driver. The + supported cards are the AVM B1 PCI and AVM B1 ISA + Basic Rate cards and the AVM T1 Primary Rate cards. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <tt class="LITERAL">maxconnecttime</tt> + keyword is now accepted in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isdnd.rc&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isdnd.rc</span>(5)</span></a> files + to limit the time a connection may remain open. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isdnphone&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isdnphone</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-k</tt> option for + sending messages via the keypad facility to a PBX or + exchange office. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="KAME-KERNEL">2.1.9.3 + KAME</a></h4> + + <p>The IPv6 stack is now based on a snapshot based on + the KAME Project's IPv6 snapshot as of 28 May, 2001. + Most of the items listed in this section are a result + of this import. <a href="#KAME-USERLAND">Section + 2.3.1.3</a> lists userland updates to the KAME IPv6 + stack. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gif</span>(4)</span></a> is now based + on RFC 2893, rather than RFC 1933. The <tt class= + "LITERAL">IFF_LINK2</tt> interface flag can be used + to control ingress filtering. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">IPSec</b> has received some + enhancements, including the ability to use the + Rijndael and SHA2 algorithms. IPSec RC5 support has + been removed due to patent issues. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> now conforms + to RFC 3056; the <tt class="LITERAL">IFF_LINK2</tt> + interface flag can be used to control ingress + filtering. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>IPv6 has better checking of illegal addresses + (such as loopback addresses) on physical networks. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="VARNAME">IPV6_V6ONLY</tt> socket + option is now completely supported. The kernel's + default behavior with respect to this option is + controlled by the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet6.ip6.v6only</tt> sysctl variable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>RFC 3041 (Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address + Autoconfiguration) is now supported. It can be + enabled via the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet6.ip6.use_tempaddr</tt> sysctl + variable. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="SECURITY">2.2 Security-Related + Changes</a></h2> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now + allows the user to select one of two ``security + profiles'' at install-time. These profiles enable + different levels of system security by enabling or + disabling various system services in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> on new + installs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in which malformed ELF executable images can + hang the system has been fixed (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-00:41). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in Linux emulation was fixed (see + security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:42). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>String-handling library calls in many programs were + fixed to reduce the possibility of buffer + overflow-related exploits. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP now uses stronger randomness in choosing its + initial sequence numbers (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-00:52). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Several buffer overflows in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a> were + corrected (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:61). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> was corrected + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:62). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A potential security hole caused by an + off-by-one-error in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyname&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyname</span>(3)</span></a> has + been fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:63). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A potential buffer overflow in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncurses&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ncurses</span>(3)</span></a> library, + which could cause arbitrary code to be run from within <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=systat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">systat</span>(1)</span></a>, has been + corrected (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:68). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">telnetd</span>(8)</span></a> that could + cause it to consume large amounts of server resources has + been fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:69). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">nat deny_incoming</tt> command + in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> now works + correctly (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:70). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">csh</span>(1)</span></a>/<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tcsh</span>(1)</span></a> temporary files + that could allow overwriting of arbitrary user-writable + files has been closed (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-00:76). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a> binary is no + longer SUID root by default. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Some fixes were applied to the Kerberos IV + implementation related to environment variables, a + possible buffer overrun, and overwriting ticket files. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnet&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">telnet</span>(1)</span></a> now does a + better job of sanitizing its environment. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Several vulnerabilities in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> were fixed + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:77). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> in which a + server was unable to disable <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-agent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-agent</span>(1)</span></a> or <tt + class="LITERAL">X11Forwarding</tt> was fixed (see + security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:01). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> in which + inbound TCP segments could incorrectly be treated as + being part of an <tt class="LITERAL">established</tt> + connection has been fixed (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-01:08). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crontab&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">crontab</span>(1)</span></a> that could + allow users to read any file on the system in valid <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crontab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">crontab</span>(5)</span></a> syntax has + been fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:09). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> that could + allow read-access to the initial 16 bytes of <tt class= + "GROUPNAME">wheel</tt>-accessible files has been fixed + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:11). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=periodic&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">periodic</span>(8)</span></a> that used + insecure temporary files has been corrected (see security + advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:12). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sort&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sort</span>(1)</span></a> in which an + attacker might be able to cause it to abort processing + has been fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:13). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> now has code to + prevent (instead of just mitigating through connection + limits) an attack that can lead to guessing the server + key (not host key) by regenerating the server key when an + RSA failure is detected (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-01:24). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A number of programs have had output formatting + strings corrected so as to reduce the risk of + vulnerabilities. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A number of programs that use temporary files now do + so more securely. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in ICMP that could cause an attacker to disrupt + TCP and UDP ``sessions'' has been corrected. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=timed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">timed</span>(8)</span></a>, which caused + it to crash if send certain malformed packets, has been + corrected (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:28). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rwhod&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rwhod</span>(8)</span></a>, which caused + it to crash if send certain malformed packets, has been + corrected (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:29). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in FreeBSD's FFS and EXT2FS + implementations, which allowed a race condition that + could cause users to have unauthorized access to data, + has been fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:30). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A remotely-exploitable vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ntpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ntpd</span>(8)</span></a> has been closed + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:31). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in <b class= + "APPLICATION">IPFilter</b>'s fragment cache has been + closed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:32). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Buffer overflows in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=glob&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">glob</span>(3)</span></a>, which could + cause arbitrary code to be run on an FTP server, have + been closed. In addition, to prevent some forms of DOS + attacks, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=glob&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">glob</span>(3)</span></a> allows + specification of a limit on the number of pathname + matches it will return. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now uses this + feature (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:33). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Initial sequence numbers in TCP are more thoroughly + randomized (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:39). Due + to some possible compatibility issues, the behavior of + this security fix can be enabled or disabled via the <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.tcp_seq_genscheme</tt> + sysctl variable.[MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fts&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fts</span>(3)</span></a> routines (used + by applications for recursively traversing a filesystem) + could allow a program to operate on files outside the + intended directory hierarchy. This bug has been fixed + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:40). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>FreeBSD's TCP implementation has been made more + resistant to SYN floods, by eliminating the RST segment + normally sent when removing a connection from the listen + queue.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> now switches to the + user's UID before attempting to unlink the authentication + forwarding file, nullifying the effects of a race.</p> + + <p>A flaw allowed some signal handlers to remain in + effect in a child process after being exec-ed from its + parent. This allowed an attacker to execute arbitrary + code in the context of a setuid binary. This flaw has + been corrected (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:42). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A remote buffer overflow in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a> has been + fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:48). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A remote buffer overflow in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">telnetd</span>(8)</span></a> has been + fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:49). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The new <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.ip.maxfragpackets</tt> and <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.ip6.maxfragpackets</tt> sysctl + variables limit the amount of memory that can be consumed + by IPv4 and IPv6 packet fragments, which defends against + some denial of service attacks (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-01:52). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>All services in <tt class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt> + are now disabled by default for new installations. <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> gives the + option of enabling or disabling <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> on new + installations, as well as editing <tt class= + "FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A flaw in the implementation of the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> <tt class= + "LITERAL">me</tt> rules on point-to-point links has been + corrected. Formerly, <tt class="LITERAL">me</tt> filter + rules would match the remote IP address of a + point-to-point interface in addition to the intended + local IP address (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-01:53). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a>, which could + allow a process to read sensitive information from + another process's memory space, has been closed (see + security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:55). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">PARANOID</tt> hostname + checking in <b class="APPLICATION">tcp_wrappers</b> now + works as advertised (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-01:56). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A local root exploit in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendmail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span></a> has been + closed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:57). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A remote root vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpd</span>(8)</span></a> has been closed + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:58). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A race condition in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmuser&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rmuser</span>(8)</span></a> that briefly + exposed a world-readable <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/master.passwd</tt> has been fixed (see + security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:59). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in <b class="APPLICATION">UUCP</b> has + been closed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:62). All + non-<tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>-owned binaries in + standard system paths now have the <tt class= + "LITERAL">schg</tt> flag set to prevent exploit vectors + when run by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a>, by <tt class= + "USERNAME">root</tt>, or by a user other then the one + owning the binary. In addition, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uustat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">uustat</span>(1)</span></a> is now run + via <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/periodic/daily/410.status-uucp</tt> as + <tt class="USERNAME">uucp</tt>, not <tt class= + "USERNAME">root</tt>. In FreeBSD -CURRENT, <b class= + "APPLICATION">UUCP</b> has since been moved to the Ports + Collection and no longer a part of the base system. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in the form of a buffer overflow in + the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=semop&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">semop</span>(2)</span></a> system call + has been closed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b>, + which could allow users to execute code with arbitrary + privileges if <tt class="LITERAL">UseLogin yes</tt> was + set, has been closed. Note that the default value of this + setting is <tt class="LITERAL">UseLogin no</tt>. (See + security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:63.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The use of an insecure temporary directory by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> could permit + a local attacker to modify the contents of binary + packages while they were being installed. This hole has + been closed. (See security advisory FreeBSD-SA-02:01.) + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A race condition in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a>, which could + expose the contents of <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/master.passwd</tt>, has been eliminated. + (See security advisory FreeBSD-SA-02:02.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=k5su&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">k5su</span>(8)</span></a> could have + allowed a process that had given up superuser privileges + to regain them. This bug has been fixed. (See security + advisory FreeBSD-SA-02:07.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p>An ``off-by-one'' bug has been fixed in <b class= + "APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b>'s multiplexing code. This bug + could have allowed an authenticated remote user to cause + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> to execute + arbitrary code with superuser privileges, or allowed a + malicious SSH server to execute arbitrary code on the + client system with the privileges of the client user. + (See security advisory <a href= + "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:13.openssh.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:13</a>.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A programming error in <b class="APPLICATION">zlib</b> + could result in attempts to free memory multiple times. + The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=malloc&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">malloc</span>(3)</span></a>/<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=free&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">free</span>(3)</span></a> routines used + in FreeBSD are not vulnerable to this error, but + applications receiving specially-crafted blocks of + invalid compressed data could be made to function + incorrectly or abort. This <b class= + "APPLICATION">zlib</b> bug has been fixed. For a + workaround and solutions, see security advisory <a href= + "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:18.zlib.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:18</a>. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="USERLAND">2.3 Userland + Changes</a></h2> + + <p>If the first argument to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ancontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ancontrol</span>(8)</span></a> or <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wicontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wicontrol</span>(8)</span></a> doesn't + start with a <tt class="LITERAL">-</tt>, it is assumed to + be an interface.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=apmd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">apmd</span>(8)</span></a> now has the + ability to monitor battery levels and execute commands + based on percentage or minutes of battery life remaining + via the <tt class="LITERAL">apm_battery</tt> + configuration directive. See the commented-out examples + in <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/apmd.conf</tt> for the + syntax. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">arp</span>(8)</span></a> now prints the + applicable interface name for each ARP entry. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">arp</span>(8)</span></a> now prints <tt + class="LITERAL">[fddi]</tt> or <tt class= + "LITERAL">[atm]</tt> tags for addresses on interfaces of + those types.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atacontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">atacontrol</span>(8)</span></a> has been + added to control various aspects of the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=boot98cfg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">boot98cfg</span>(8)</span></a>, a PC-98 + boot manager installation and configuration utility, has + been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> option for multisession mode + (the default behavior now is to close disks as + single-session). A <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> option to + take a list of image files from a filename was also + added; <tt class="FILENAME">-</tt> can be used as a + filename for <tt class="LITERAL">stdin</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + Disk At Once (DAO) mode, selectable via the <tt class= + "OPTION">-d</tt> flag.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now has the + ability to write VCDs/SVCDs.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=c89&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">c89</span>(1)</span></a> has been + converted from a shell script to a binary executable, + fixing some minor bugs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A minimalized version of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=camcontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">camcontrol</span>(8)</span></a> is now + available on the installation floppy. This allows it to + rescan for devices that have been connected after + booting, or to show the devices attached to SCSI busses + (e. g. from within the ``emergency holographic shell''). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cat</span>(1)</span></a> now has the + ability to read from UNIX-domain sockets. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cdcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="LITERAL">cdid</tt> command, which + calculates and displays the CD serial number, using the + same algorithm used by the CDDB database. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cdcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now uses + the <tt class="ENVAR">CDROM</tt> environment variable to + pick a default device. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cdcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports <tt class="LITERAL">next</tt> and <tt class= + "LITERAL">prev</tt> commands to skip forwards or + backwards a specified number of tracks while playing an + audio CD. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chflags</span>(1)</span></a> has moved + from <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin</tt> to <tt class= + "FILENAME">/bin</tt>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chio&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chio</span>(1)</span></a> now has the + ability to specify elements by volume tag instead of by + their physical location as well as the ability to return + an element to its previous location. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chmod</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> for changing the mode of a + symbolic link.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chown&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chown</span>(8)</span></a> now correctly + follows symbolic links named as command line arguments if + run without <tt class="OPTION">-R</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chown&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chown</span>(8)</span></a> no longer + takes <tt class="LITERAL">.</tt> as a user/group + delimeter. This change was made to support usernames + containing a <tt class="LITERAL">.</tt>.</p> + + <p>Use of the <tt class="LITERAL">CSMG_*</tt> macros no + longer require inclusion of <tt class= + "FILENAME"><sys/param.h></tt></p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=col&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">col</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-p</tt> flag to force unknown control + sequences to be passed through unchanged. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt> distribution + has been updated to include libraries present in FreeBSD + 3.5.1-RELEASE. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> distribution has + been added for compatibility with FreeBSD 4-STABLE.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> is now better + about converting various warnings that should have been + errors into actual fatal errors with an exit code. This + ensures that <tt class="LITERAL">make buildkernel</tt> + doesn't quietly ignore them and build a bogus kernel + without a human to read the errors. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A number of buffer overflows in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> have been + fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ctags</span>(1)</span></a> no longer + creates a corrupt tags file if the source file used <tt + class="LITERAL">//</tt> (C++-style) comments. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> program, a + command-line interface to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(3)</span></a>, has been + added. It detaches itself from its controlling terminal + and executes a program specified on the command line. + This allows the user to run an arbitrary program as if it + were written to be a daemon.</p> + + <p>devinfo, a simple tool to print the device tree and + resource usage by devices, has been added.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-l</tt> option to only display information + about locally-mounted filesystems. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports partition sizes expressed in kilobytes, + megabytes, or gigabytes, in addition to sectors. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dmesg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dmesg</span>(8)</span></a> now has a <tt + class="OPTION">-a</tt> option to show the entire message + buffer, including <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> records and + <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/console</tt> output. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=du&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">du</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-I</tt> command-line flag to ignore/skip + files and subdirectories matching a specified shell-glob + mask. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + inheritance of the <tt class="LITERAL">nodump</tt> flag + down a hierarchy. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="OPTION">-T</tt> option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> no longer + swallows an extra argument. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> has a new <tt + class="OPTION">-D</tt> option, allowing the path to the + <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/dumpdates</tt> file to be + changed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now supplies + progress information in its process title, useful for + monitoring automated backups. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + new <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> to allow it to just print + out the dump size estimates and exit.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=edquota&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">edquota</span>(8)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-f</tt> option to allow limiting the + prototype quota distribution (specified with <tt class= + "OPTION">-p</tt>) to a single filesystem. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.firewall</tt> and <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.firewall6</tt> will no longer + add their own hardcoded rules in the cases of a rules + file in the <tt class="VARNAME">firewall_type</tt> + variable or a non-existent firewall type. (The motivation + for this change is to avoid acting on assumptions about a + site's firewall policies.) In addition, the <tt class= + "LITERAL">closed</tt> firewall type now works as + documented in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.firewall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.firewall</span>(8)</span></a> manual + page. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The functionality of <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/security</tt> has been been moved into a + set of scripts under the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=periodic&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">periodic</span>(8)</span></a> framework, + to make local customization easier and more maintainable. + These scripts now reside in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/periodic/security/</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fbtab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fbtab</span>(5)</span></a> now accepts + glob matching patterns for target devices, not just + individual devices and directories.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdisk&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fdisk</span>(8)</span></a> no longer + attempts to search for a device if none has been + specified on the command line, but instead tries to + figure out the default device name from the root + device.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdread&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fdread</span>(1)</span></a>, a program to + read data from floppy disks, has been added. It is a + counterpart to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdwrite&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fdwrite</span>(1)</span></a> and is + designed to provide a means of recovering at least some + data from bad media, and to obviate for a complex + invocation of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> now takes the + <tt class="OPTION">-empty</tt> flag, which returns true + if a file or directory is empty. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> now takes the + <tt class="OPTION">-iname</tt> and <tt class= + "OPTION">-ipath</tt> primaries for case-insensitive + matches, and the <tt class="OPTION">-regexp</tt> and <tt + class="OPTION">-iregexp</tt> primaries for + regular-expression matches. The <tt class= + "OPTION">-E</tt> flag now enables extended regular + expressions. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> now has the <tt + class="OPTION">-anewer</tt>, <tt class= + "OPTION">-cnewer</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-mnewer</tt>, + <tt class="OPTION">-okdir</tt>, and <tt class= + "OPTION">-newer[acm][acmt]</tt> primaries for comparisons + of file timestamps. The latter primaries can be specified + with various units of time. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now has the + ability to support fingering aliases, via the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">finger.conf</span>(5)</span></a> file. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now has + support for a <tt class="FILENAME">.pubkey</tt> file.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fmt</span>(1)</span></a> has been + rewritten; the rewrite fixes a number of bugs compared to + its prior behavior. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmtcheck&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fmtcheck</span>(3)</span></a>, a function + for checking consistency of format string arguments, has + been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> wrappers have + been imported; this feature provides infrastructure for + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> to work on + different types of filesystems (analogous to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a>).</p> + + <p>The behavior of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> when dealing + with various passes (a la <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>) has been modified to + accommodate multiple-disk filesystems.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> now has support + for foreground (<tt class="OPTION">-F</tt>) and + background (<tt class="OPTION">-B</tt>) checks. + Traditionally, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> is invoked + before the filesystems are mounted and all checks are + done to completion at that time. If background checking + is available, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> is invoked + twice. It is first invoked at the traditional time, + before the filesystems are mounted, with the <tt class= + "OPTION">-F</tt> flag to do checking on all the + filesystems that cannot do background checking. It is + then invoked a second time, after the system has + completed going multiuser, with the <tt class= + "OPTION">-B</tt> flag to do checking on all the + filesystems that can do background checking. Unlike the + foreground checking, the background checking is started + asynchronously so that other system activity can proceed + even on the filesystems that are being checked. Boot-time + enabling of this feature is controlled by the <tt class= + "VARNAME">background_fsck</tt> option in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p> + + <p>Shortly after the receipt of a <tt class= + "LITERAL">SIGINFO</tt> signal (normally control-T from + the controlling tty), <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck_ffs</span>(8)</span></a> will now + output a line indicating the current phase number and + progress information relevant to the current phase. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck_ffs</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports background filesystem checks to mounted FFS + filesystems with the <tt class="OPTION">-B</tt> option + (softupdates must be enabled on these filesystems). The + <tt class="OPTION">-F</tt> flag now determines whether a + specified filesystem needs foreground checking.</p> + + <p>A new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck_msdosfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck_msdosfs</span>(8)</span></a> utility + has been added to check the consistency of MS-DOS + filesystems. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt> flag for read-only mode and a + <tt class="OPTION">-E</tt> flag to disable <tt class= + "LITERAL">EPSV</tt>. It also has some fixes to reduce + information leakage and the ability to specify + compile-time port ranges. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + <tt class="OPTION">-o</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-O</tt> + options to disable the <tt class="LITERAL">RETR</tt> + command; the former for everybody, and the latter only + for guest users. Coupled with <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> + and appropriate file permissions, these can be used to + create a relatively safe anonymous FTP drop box for + others to upload to.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gdb</span>(1)</span></a> now supports + hardware watchpoints (using the kernel's debug register + + support that has been introduced in FreeBSD 4.0). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprogname&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">getprogname</span>(3)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setprogname&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">setprogname</span>(3)</span></a> library + functions have been added to manipulate the name of the + current program. They are used by error-reporting + routines to produce consistent output. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gprof&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gprof</span>(1)</span></a> now has a <tt + class="OPTION">-K</tt> option to enable dynamic symbol + resolution from the currently-running kernel. With this + change, properly-compiled KLD modules are now able to be + profiled.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">growfs</span>(8)</span></a>, a utility + for growing FFS filesystems, has been added. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ffsinfo&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ffsinfo</span>(8)</span></a>, a utility + for dump all the meta-information of an existing + filesystem, has also been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=groups&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">groups</span>(1)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whoami&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">whoami</span>(1)</span></a> shell scripts + are now unnecessary; their functionality has been + completely folded into <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">id</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ibcs2&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ibcs2</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linux&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">linux</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=osf1&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">osf1</span>(8)</span></a>, and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=svr4&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">svr4</span>(8)</span></a> scripts, whose + sole purpose was to load emulation kernel modules, have + been removed. The kernel module system will automatically + load them as needed to fulfill dependencies.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> has gained + some new formatting options. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> command can + set the link-layer address of an interface using the <tt + class="OPTION">lladdr</tt> parameter. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> can now + accept addresses in slash/CIDR notation. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> now has + support for setting parameters for IEEE 802.11 wireless + network devices. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> devices are + supported, and partial support is provided for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">awi</span>(4)</span></a> devices. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> no longer + displays the list of supported media by default. Instead + it displays it when the <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> flag + is given. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The syntax of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a>'s support for + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=faithd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">faithd</span>(8)</span></a> is now + compatible with that of other BSDs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">ident</tt> protocol support in + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> has been + cleaned up and updated. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> now has the + ability to manage UNIX-domain sockets. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=install&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">install</span>(1)</span></a> has a number + of new features, including the <tt class="OPTION">-b</tt> + and <tt class="OPTION">-B</tt> options for backing up + existing target files and the <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> + option for ``safe'' (atomic copy) operation. The <tt + class="OPTION">-c</tt> (copy) flag is now the default, + and the <tt class="OPTION">-D</tt> (debugging) flag has + been withdrawn. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=install&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">install</span>(1)</span></a> now issues a + warning if <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> (create + directories) and <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> (copy changed + files only) are used together. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>IP Filter is now supported by the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> boot-time + configuration and initialization. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfstat&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfstat</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + the <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt> option to turn on a <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a>-like display. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> will now avoid + the display of dynamic firewall rules unless the <tt + class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag is passed to it. The <tt + class="OPTION">-e</tt> option lists expired dynamic + rules. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> has a new + feature (<tt class="LITERAL">me</tt>) that allows for + packet matching on interfaces with dynamically-changing + IP addresses. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> has a new <tt + class="LITERAL">limit</tt> type of firewall rule, which + limits the number of sessions between address pairs. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> filter rules + can now match on the value of the IPv4 precedence + field.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> now has the + ability to use a preprocessor and use the <tt class= + "OPTION">-q</tt> (quiet) flag when reading from a file. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kenv&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">kenv</span>(1)</span></a>, a command to + dump the kernel environment, has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=keyinfo&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">keyinfo</span>(1)</span></a> is now a C + program, rather than a Perl script. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a> is now a C + program, rather than a Perl script. As a result, its <tt + class="OPTION">-m</tt> option now uses the regular + expression syntax of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=regex&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">regex</span>(3)</span></a>, rather than + that of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=perl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">perl</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a> now allows + non-root users to kill SUID root processes that they + started, the same as the Perl version did. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">kldconfig</span>(8)</span></a> utility + has been added to make it easier to manipulate the kernel + module search path. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=last&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">last</span>(1)</span></a> now implements + a <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> that provides a ``snapshot'' + of who was logged in at a particular date and time. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=last&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">last</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-y</tt> flag, which causes the year to + be included in the session start time.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lastlogin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lastlogin</span>(8)</span></a> utility, + which prints the last login time of each user, has been + imported from NetBSD. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ldconfig</span>(8)</span></a> now checks + directory ownerships and permissions for greater + security; these checks can be disabled with the <tt + class="OPTION">-i</tt> flag. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ldd</span>(1)</span></a> can now be used + on shared libraries, in addition to executables. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ldd</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> flag to list all the objects + that are needed by each loaded object.</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libc</tt> is now thread-safe by + default; <tt class="FILENAME">libc_r</tt> contains only + thread functions.</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libcrypt</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">libdescrypt</tt> have been unified to provide + a configurable password authentication hash library. Both + the md5 and des hash methods are provided unless the des + hash is specifically compiled out. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libcrypt</tt> now has support for + Blowfish password hashing. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libdisk</tt> can now do + install-time configuration of the <tt class= + "FILENAME">boot0</tt> boot loader. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libstand</tt> now has support for + filesystems containing <b class= + "APPLICATION">bzip2</b>-compressed files. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libstand</tt> now has support for + overwriting the contents of a file on a UFS filesystem + (it cannot expand or truncate files because the + filesystem may be dirty or inconsistent).</p> + + <p>The default TCP port range used by <tt class= + "FILENAME">libfetch</tt> for passive FTP retrievals has + changed; this affects the behavior of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>, which has + gained the <tt class="OPTION">-U</tt> option to restore + the old behavior. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libfetch</tt> now has support for + an authentication callback. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libfetch</tt> now has support for + a <tt class="ENVAR">HTTP_USER_AGENT</tt> environment + variable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libgmp</tt> has been superceded + by <tt class="FILENAME">libmp</tt>.</p> + + <p>The functions from <tt class= + "FILENAME">libposix1e</tt> have been integrated into <tt + class="FILENAME">libc</tt>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ln&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ln</span>(1)</span></a> now takes an <tt + class="OPTION">-i</tt> option to request user + confirmation before overwriting an existing file. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ln&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ln</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-h</tt> flag to avoid following a target + that is a link, with a <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> flag + for compatibility with other implementations. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">logger</span>(1)</span></a> can now send + messages directly to a remote syslog. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=login&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">login</span>(1)</span></a> now exports + environment variables set by <b class= + "APPLICATION">PAM</b> modules. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpc</span>(8)</span></a> has been + improved; <tt class="COMMAND">lpc clean</tt> is now + somewhat safer, and a new <tt class="COMMAND">lpc + tclean</tt> command has been added to check to see what + files would be removed by <tt class="COMMAND">lpc + clean</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpd</span>(8)</span></a> now takes two + new options: <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt> will log all + connection errors to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>, while <tt + class="OPTION">-W</tt> will allow connections from + non-reserved ports. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpd</span>(8)</span></a> now has some + support for <tt class="LITERAL">o</tt>-type print-file + actions in its control files, which allows printing of + PostScript files generated by <b class= + "APPLICATION">MacOS</b> 10.1. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpr</span>(1)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpq&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpq</span>(1)</span></a>, and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpd</span>(8)</span></a> have received a + few minor enhancements. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Catching up with most other network utilities in the + base system, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpr</span>(1)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpd</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>, and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">logger</span>(1)</span></a> are now all + IPv6-capable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="COMMAND">lprm -</tt> now works for remote + printer queues. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> can produce + colorized listings with the <tt class="OPTION">-G</tt> + flag (and appropriate terminal support). The <tt class= + "ENVAR">CLICOLOR</tt> environment variable can be set to + enable colorized listings by default. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mail&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mail</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-E</tt> flag to avoid sending messages + with empty bodies. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> has gained the + <tt class="LITERAL">:C///</tt> (regular expression + substitution), <tt class="LITERAL">:L</tt> (lowercase), + and <tt class="LITERAL">:U</tt> (uppercase) variable + modifiers. These were added to reduce the differences + between the FreeBSD and OpenBSD/NetBSD <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> programs. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Bugs in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a>, among which + include broken null suffix behavior, bad assumptions + about current directory permissions, and potential buffer + overflows, have been fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The new <tt class="VARNAME">CPUTYPE</tt> <tt class= + "FILENAME">make.conf</tt> variable controls the + compilation of processor-specific optimizations in + various pieces of code such as <b class= + "APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt> + infrastructure now supports the <tt class= + "VARNAME">WARNS</tt> directive from NetBSD. This + directive controls the addition of compiler warning flags + to <tt class="VARNAME">CFLAGS</tt> in a relatively + compiler-neutral manner. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> is no longer + installed SUID <tt class="USERNAME">man</tt>, in order to + reduce vulnerabilities associated with generating + ``catpages'' (preformatted manual pages cached for + repeated viewing). As a result, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> can no longer + create system catpages on a regular user's behalf. It is + still able to do so if the user has write permissions to + the directory holding catpages (e.g. a user's own + manpages) or if the running user is <tt class= + "USERNAME">root</tt>.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> command has + been added; it is a wrapper around <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>, and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> that mimics + the command line option set of the deprecated <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_mfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mount_mfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mergemaster&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mergemaster</span>(8)</span></a> now + sources an <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/mergemaster.rc</tt> + file and also prompts the user to run recommended + commands (such as <tt class="COMMAND">newaliases</tt>) as + needed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> option to control mouse + acceleration. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> now includes + support for a file that lists pathnames to be excluded + when creating and verifying prototypes. This makes it + easier to use <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> as a part of + an intrusion-detection system. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-log_ipfw_denied</tt> option to log + packets that cannot be re-injected because they are + blocked by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> rules. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The ``in use'' percentage metric displayed by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a> now really + reflects the percentage of network mbufs used. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a> now has a + <tt class="OPTION">-W</tt> flag that tells it not to + truncate addresses, even if they're too long for the + column they're printed in. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a> now keeps + track of input and output packets on a per-address basis + for each interface. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a> now has a + <tt class="OPTION">-z</tt> flag to reset statistics. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a> now has a + <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> flag to print address + numerically but port names symbolically. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> now implements + write combining, which can make creation of new + filesystems up to seven times faster. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-U</tt> option to enable softupdates + on a new filesystem. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default number of cylinders per group in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> is now + computed to be the maximum allowable given the current + filesystem parameters. It can be overridden with the <tt + class="OPTION">-c</tt> option. Formerly, the default was + fixed at 16. This change leads to better <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> performance and + reduced fragmentation. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a name="NEWFS-BLOCK-FRAG-SIZES"></a>The default block + and fragment sizes for new filesystems created by <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> are now 16384 + and 2048 bytes, respectively (the old defaults were 8192 + and 1024 bytes). This change generally provides increased + performance, at the expense of some wasted disk space. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a> now has + the ability to compress log files using <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">NFS</b> now works over + IPv6.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ngctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ngctl</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">write</tt> command to send a data + packet down a given hook. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">nl</span>(1)</span></a>, a line numbering + filter program, has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">nsswitch</b> support has been + merged from NetBSD. By creating an <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsswitch.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">nsswitch.conf</span>(5)</span></a> file, + FreeBSD can be configured so that various databases such + as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> can be looked + up using flat files, NIS, or Hesiod. The old <tt class= + "FILENAME">hosts.conf</tt> file is no longer used.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> support has been added + for account management and sessions.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> configuration is now + specified by files in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/pam.d/</tt>, rather than a single <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/pam.conf</tt> file. <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/pam.d/README</tt> has more details.</p> + + <p>A number of new <b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> modules + have been added.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(1)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> now select the + password hash algorithm at run time. See the <tt class= + "LITERAL">passwd_format</tt> attribute in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/login.conf</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pax&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pax</span>(1)</span></a> has received a + number of enhancements, including <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpio&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cpio</span>(1)</span></a> functionality, + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> compatibility + enhancements, <tt class="OPTION">-z</tt> and <tt class= + "OPTION">-Z</tt> flags for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=compress&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">compress</span>(1)</span></a> + functionality, and a number of bug fixes.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pciconf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pciconf</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-v</tt> option to display the + vendor/device information of configured devices, in + conjunction with the <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> option. + The default vendor/device database can be found at <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/share/misc/pci_vendors</tt>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The behavior of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=periodic&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">periodic</span>(8)</span></a> is now + controlled by <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/defaults/periodic.conf</tt> and <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/periodic.conf</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> option to set the TTL of + outgoing packets. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> option to beep when packets + are lost. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Userland <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> has received a + number of updates and bug fixes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> has gained the + <tt class="LITERAL">tcpmssfixup</tt> option, which + adjusts outgoing and incoming TCP SYN packets so that the + maximum receive segment size is no larger than allowed by + the interface MTU. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + IPv6.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pppd</span>(8)</span></a> (the control + program for kernel-level PPP) is now installed mode <tt + class="LITERAL">4550</tt> and <tt class= + "USERNAME">root</tt><tt class="LITERAL">:</tt><tt class= + "GROUPNAME">dialer</tt>, rather than mode <tt class= + "LITERAL">4555</tt> (in other words, it is no longer + world-executable). Users of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pppd</span>(8)</span></a> may need to + change their group settings. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="OPTION">-W</tt> option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> (to extract + information from a specified swap device) has been + useless for some time; it has been removed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pwd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pwd</span>(1)</span></a> can now double + as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=realpath&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">realpath</span>(1)</span></a>, a program + to resolve pathnames to their underlying physical paths. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The pseudo-random number generator implemented by <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rand&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rand</span>(3)</span></a> has been + improved to provide less biased results.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a> now has an + framework for handling dependencies between <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> variables. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a> now deletes all + non-directory files in <tt class="FILENAME">/var/run</tt> + and <tt class="FILENAME">/var/spool/lock</tt> at boot + time. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rcmd&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rcmd</span>(3)</span></a> now supports + the use of the <tt class="ENVAR">RSH</tt> environment + variable to specify a program to use other than <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rsh</span>(1)</span></a> for remote + execution. As a result, programs such as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a>, can use <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a> for remote + transport.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rdist&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rdist</span>(1)</span></a> has been + retired from the base system, but is still available from + FreeBSD Ports Collection as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/44bsd-rdist/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/44bsd-rdist</tt></a>.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a> in FreeBSD + now implements EDNS0 support, which will be necessary + when working with IPv6 transport-ready resolvers/DNS + servers. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rfork_thread&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rfork_thread</span>(3)</span></a> library + call has been added as a helper function to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rfork&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rfork</span>(2)</span></a>. Using this + function should avoid the need to implement complex stack + swap code. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="OPTION">-v</tt> option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a> now displays the + entire pathname of a file being removed.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">route</span>(8)</span></a> is now more + verbose when changing indirect routes, in the case of a + gateway route that is the same route as the one being + modified. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">route</span>(8)</span></a> now uses <tt + class="LITERAL"><tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>host</i></tt>/<tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>bits</i></tt></tt> syntax instead of <tt + class="LITERAL"><tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>net</i></tt>/<tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>bits</i></tt></tt> syntax, for + compatibility with <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">route</span>(8)</span></a> can now create + ``proxy only'' published ARP entries. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">route</span>(8)</span></a> <tt class= + "OPTION">add</tt> command now supports the <tt class= + "OPTION">-ifp</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-ifa</tt> + modifiers. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcbind&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rpcbind</span>(8)</span></a> has replaced + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portmap&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">portmap</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcgen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rpcgen</span>(1)</span></a> now uses <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/cpp</tt> (as on NetBSD), not + <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/libexec/cpp</tt>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpc.lockd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rpc.lockd</span>(8)</span></a> has been + imported from NetBSD. This daemon provides support for + servicing client NFS locks.</p> + + <p>The performance of the ELF dynamic linker <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> has been + improved. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>RSA Security has waived all patent rights to the <b + class="APPLICATION">RSA</b> algorithm. As a result, the + native <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> implementation + of the RSA algorithm is now activated by default, and the + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/rsaref/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">security/rsaref</tt></a> port and + the <tt class="FILENAME">librsaUSA</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">librsaINTL</tt> libraries are no longer + required for USA and non-USA residents respectively. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> will now print + the names of all objects that cause each object to be + loaded, if the <tt class= + "VARNAME">LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_ALL</tt> environment + variable is defined.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-k</tt> option to prevent + clearing a crash dump after saving it. It also attempts + to avoid writing large stretches of zeros to crash dump + files to save space and time. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a> now works + correctly on machines with 2 GB or more of RAM. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-E</tt> option for extended regular + expression support. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> option to include a file into + the <tt class="LITERAL">Fix:</tt> section of a problem + report. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setfacl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">setfacl</span>(1)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getfacl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">getfacl</span>(1)</span></a> commands + have been added to manage filesystem Access Control + Lists.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setproctitle&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">setproctitle</span>(3)</span></a> has + been moved from <tt class="FILENAME">libutil</tt> to <tt + class="FILENAME">libc</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> now implements + <tt class="COMMAND">test</tt> as a built-in command for + improved efficiency. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> no longer + implements <tt class="COMMAND">printf</tt> as a built-in + command because it was considered less valuable compared + to the other built-in commands (this functionality is, of + course, still available through the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(1)</span></a> + executable).</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sockstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sockstat</span>(1)</span></a> now has <tt + class="OPTION">-c</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> + flags for listing connected and listening sockets, + respectively. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=split&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">split</span>(1)</span></a> now has the + ability to split a file longer than 2GB. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>In preparation for meeting SUSv2/POSIX <tt class= + "FILENAME"><sys/select.h></tt> requirements, <tt + class="LITERAL">struct selinfo</tt> and related functions + have been moved to <tt class= + "FILENAME"><sys/selinfo.h></tt>.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strnstr&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">strnstr</span>(3)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strcasestr&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">strcasestr</span>(3)</span></a> variants + of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strstr&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">strstr</span>(3)</span></a> have been + implemented. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stty&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">stty</span>(1)</span></a> now has support + for an <tt class="LITERAL">erase2</tt> control character, + so that, for example, both the <b class= + "KEYCAP">Delete</b> and <b class="KEYCAP">Backspace</b> + keys can be used to erase characters. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=style.perl&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">style.perl</span>(7)</span></a>, a style + guide for Perl code in the FreeBSD base system, has been + added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> now uses <b + class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> for authentication.</p> + + <p>Boot-time <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> + configuration was moved to a machine-independent <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.syscons</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-N</tt> option to print out variable + names only. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> has replaced + the <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> and <tt class= + "OPTION">-X</tt> options with <tt class="OPTION">-ao</tt> + and <tt class="OPTION">-ax</tt> respectively; the former + options are now deprecated. The <tt class= + "OPTION">-w</tt> option is deprecated as well; it is not + needed to determine the user's intentions. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-e</tt> option to separate variable + names and values by <tt class="LITERAL">=</tt> rather + than <tt class="LITERAL">:</tt>. This feature is useful + for producing output that can be fed back to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now + properly preserves <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/mail</tt> + during a binary upgrade. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now uses + some more intuitive defaults thanks to some new dialog + support functions. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default root partition in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> is now + 100MB on the i386 and 120MB on the Alpha.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now lives + in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin</tt>, which simplifies + the installation process. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> manpage + is also installed in a more consistent fashion now.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now has + the ability to load KLDs as a part of the installation. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>When run from the installation media, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> will + automatically load any device drivers found in the <tt + class="FILENAME">/stand/modules</tt> directory of the <tt + class="LITERAL">mfsroot</tt> floppy or filesystem image. + Note that any drivers so loaded will not appear in the + kernel's boot messages; the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> debugging + screen will provide additional information. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now + enables Soft Updates by default on all filesystems it + creates, except for the root filesystem. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> has + received updates for its ``auto'' partitioning mode which + provide more reasonable defaults for the sizes of + partitions that are created; auto-sized partitions can + now also recover the space that becomes available when + other partitions are deleted. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> can take a + <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option to disable DNS queries + for every request. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="LITERAL">LOG_CONSOLE</tt> facility (disabled + by default), which can be used to log <tt class= + "FILENAME">/dev/console</tt> output. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> now has the + ability to bind to a specific address (as opposed to + using every available one) via the <tt class= + "OPTION">-b</tt> option. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> now accepts + a <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt> flag to disable repeated + line compression. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tail&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tail</span>(1)</span></a> now has the + ability to work on files longer than 2GB. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> now supports the + <tt class="VARNAME">TAR_RSH</tt> variable, principally to + enable the use of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a> as a transport. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnet&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">telnet</span>(1)</span></a> now does + autologin and encryption by default; a new <tt class= + "OPTION">-y</tt> option turns off encryption.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnet&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">telnet</span>(1)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-u</tt> flag to allow connections to + UNIX-domain (<tt class="LITERAL">AF_UNIX</tt>) sockets. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now takes the + <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> + options, which allow the server to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> based on the + IP address of the connecting client. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tftp</span>(1)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> can now + transfer files larger than 65535 blocks. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + RFC 2349 (TFTP Timeout Interval and Transfer Size + Options); this feature is required by some firmware like + EFI boot managers (at least on HP i2000 Itanium servers) + in order to boot an image using <b class= + "APPLICATION">TFTP</b>.</p> + + <p>A version of Transport Independent RPC (<b class= + "APPLICATION">TI-RPC</b>) has been imported.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tmpnam&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tmpnam</span>(3)</span></a> will now use + the <tt class="ENVAR">TMPDIR</tt> environment variable, + if set, to specify the location of temporary files. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tip</span>(1)</span></a> has been updated + from <b class="APPLICATION">OpenBSD</b>, and has the + ability to act as a <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cu</span>(1)</span></a> substitute.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> will now use the + full width of its tty.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=touch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">touch</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> option to operate on a + symbolic link, rather than what the link points to.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=truncate&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">truncate</span>(1)</span></a> utility, + which truncates or extends the length of files, has been + added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Ukrainian language support has been added to the + FreeBSD console. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">UUCP</b> has been removed from + the base system. It can be found in the Ports Collection, + in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/freebsd-uucp/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/freebsd-uucp</tt></a>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=units&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">units</span>(1)</span></a> has received + some updates and bugfixes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=usbdevs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">usbdevs</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag to show the device + driver associated with each device.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uudecode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">uudecode</span>(1)</span></a> now accepts + a <tt class="OPTION">-o</tt> option to set its output + file.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vidcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-g</tt> parameter to select + custom text geometry in the <tt class= + "LITERAL">VESA_800x600</tt> raster text mode. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vidcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + allows the user to omit the font size specification when + loading a font, and has some better error-handling. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vidcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-p</tt> option to take a + snapshot of a <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> video + buffer. These snapshots can be manipulated by the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/graphics/scr2png/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">graphics/scr2png</tt></a> utility in + the Ports Collection. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vidcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> option to clear the + history buffer for a given tty, as well as a <tt class= + "OPTION">-h</tt> option to set the size of the history + buffer. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default stripe size in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(8)</span></a> has been + changed from 256KB to 279KB, to spread out superblocks + more evenly between stripes.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wall</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-g</tt> flag to write a message to all + users of a given group. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=watch&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">watch</span>(8)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-f</tt> option to specify a <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">snp</span>(4)</span></a> device to use. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=which&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">which</span>(1)</span></a> is now a C + program, rather than a Perl script.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whois&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">whois</span>(1)</span></a> now directs + queries for IP addresses to ARIN. If a query to ARIN + references APNIC or RIPE, the appropriate server will + also be queried, provided that the <tt class= + "OPTION">-Q</tt> option is not specified. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whois&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">whois</span>(1)</span></a> supports a <tt + class="OPTION">-c</tt> option to specify a country code + to help direct queries towards a particular whois server. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-J</tt> <tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>replstr</i></tt> option that allows the + user to tell <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> to insert the + data read from standard input at a specific point in the + command line arguments rather than at the end. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The compiler chain now uses the FSF-supplied C/C++ + runtime initialization code. This change brings about + better compatibility with code generated from the various + egcs and gcc ports, as well as the stock public FSF + source. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The threads library has gained some signal handling + changes, bug fixes, and performance enhancements + (including zero system call thread switching). <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gdb</span>(1)</span></a> thread support + has been updated to match these changes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Significant additions have been made to + internationalization support; FreeBSD now has complete + locale support for the <tt class= + "LITERAL">LC_MONETARY</tt>, <tt class= + "LITERAL">LC_NUMERIC</tt>, and <tt class= + "LITERAL">LC_MESSAGES</tt> categories. A number of + applications have been updated to take advantage of this + support.</p> + + <p>Locale names have been changed to improve + compatibility with the names used by X11R6, as well as a + number of other UNIX versions. As an example, the <tt + class="LITERAL">en_US.ISO_8859-1</tt> locale name has + been changed to <tt class="LITERAL">en_US.ISO8859-1</tt>. + Entries in <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/locale.alias</tt> + provide backward compatibility. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/share/examples/BSD_daemon/</tt> now + contains a scalable Beastie graphic. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>As part of an ongoing process, many manual pages were + improved, both in terms of their formatting markup and in + their content. [MERGED]</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN2627">2.3.1 Contributed + Software</a></h3> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">am-utils</b> has been updated + to 6.0.7.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">awk</b> from Bell Labs + (variously known as ``BWK awk'' or ``The One True + AWK'') has been imported. It is available as <tt class= + "COMMAND">awk</tt> on the sparc64 architecture, and <tt + class="COMMAND">nawk</tt> on other architectures.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">bc</b> has been updated from + 1.04 to 1.06. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The ISC library from the <b class= + "APPLICATION">BIND</b> distribution is now built as <tt + class="FILENAME">libisc</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> is now built with + the <tt class="LITERAL">NOADDITIONAL</tt> flag, which + causes <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> to operate + in a more consistent fashion for certain common + misconfigurations. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated to + 8.3.1-REL. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> has been updated + to 2.12.0.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">bzip2</b> 1.0.2 has been + imported; this brings the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a> program and + the <tt class="FILENAME">libbz2</tt> library to the + base system. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ee</span>(1)</span></a> <b class= + "APPLICATION">Easy Editor</b> has been updated to + 1.4.2. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">file</b> has been updated to + 3.37.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">gcc</b> has been updated to + 2.95.3. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gcc&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gcc</span>(1)</span></a> now uses a + unified <tt class="FILENAME">libgcc</tt> rather than a + separate one for threaded and non-threaded programs. + <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/lib/libgcc_r.a</tt> can be + removed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gcc&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gcc</span>(1)</span></a> now supports + the environment variable <tt class= + "ENVAR">GCC_OPTIONS</tt>, which can hold a set of + default options for <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">GNATS</b> has been updated to + 3.113. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU awk</b> has been updated + to 3.1.0. It is available as <tt class= + "COMMAND">gawk</tt> on the sparc64 architecture, and as + <tt class="COMMAND">awk</tt> on other + architectures.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">gperf</b> has been updated to + 2.7.2.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">groff</b> and its related + utilities have been updated to FSF version 1.17.2. This + import brings in a new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdoc&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mdoc</span>(7)</span></a> macro package + (sometimes referred to as <tt class= + "LITERAL">mdocNG</tt>), which removes many of the + limitations of its predecessor. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b> has been updated + to 0.3f.</p> + + <p>The version of <b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> + provided with FreeBSD now includes the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfs</span>(8)</span></a> program, + which allows state information created for NAT entries + and stateful rules to be saved to disk and restored + after a reboot. Boot-time configuration of these + features is supported by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> client has + been updated to 3.0.1RC6.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Kerberos IV</b> has been + updated to 1.0.5. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=more&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">more</span>(1)</span></a> command has + been replaced by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=less&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">less</span>(1)</span></a>, although it + can still be run as <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>. + [MERGED] Version 371 of <b class="APPLICATION">less</b> + has been imported.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> has been updated + to 0.6.2. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">libreadline</b> has been + updated to 4.2.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">libz</b> has been updated to + 1.1.4.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">lint</b> has been updated to + snapshot of NetBSD <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lint&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lint</span>(1)</span></a> as of 3 March + 2002.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftp</b> (the FTP client + from NetBSD) has replaced the FreeBSD <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ftp</span>(1)</span></a> program. Among + its new features are more automation methods, better + standards compliance, transfer rate throttling, and a + customizable command-line prompt. Some environment + variables and command-line arguments have changed.</p> + + <p>The FTP daemon from NetBSD, otherwise known as <b + class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b>, has been imported + and is available as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lukemftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lukemftpd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">ncurses</b> has been updated + to 5.2-20010512.</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> suite of programs + has been updated to 4.1.0. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> (``Centaury'' + release) has been imported, replacing <b class= + "APPLICATION">Linux-PAM</b>.</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">OPIE</b> + one-time-password suite has been updated to 2.32. + [MERGED] It has completely replaced the functionality + of <b class="APPLICATION">S/Key</b>.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> has been updated to + version 5.6.0.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> has been + updated to version 2.22. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Version 1.4.3 of the <b class= + "APPLICATION">smbfs</b> userland utilities have been + imported. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> has been updated + to 3.6.3. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">csh</span>(1)</span></a> shell has been + replaced by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tcsh</span>(1)</span></a>, although it + can still be run as <tt class="COMMAND">csh</tt>. <b + class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> has been updated to + version 6.11. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The contributed version of <b class= + "APPLICATION">tcp_wrappers</b> now includes the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tcpd</span>(8)</span></a> helper + daemon. While not strictly necessary in a standard + FreeBSD installation (because <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> already + incorporates this functionality), this may be useful + for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> replacements + such as <b class="APPLICATION">xinetd</b>.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">top</b> has been updated to + version 3.5b12.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">traceroute</span>(8)</span></a> now + takes its default maximum TTL value from the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.ip.ttl</tt> sysctl variable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The timezone database has been updated to the <tt + class="FILENAME">tzdata2001d</tt> release. [MERGED]</p> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN2788">2.3.1.1 + CVS</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">cvs</b> has been updated to + 1.11.1p1. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default value for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a>'s <tt class= + "ENVAR">CVS_RSH</tt> variable is now <tt class= + "LITERAL">ssh</tt>, rather than <tt class= + "LITERAL">rsh</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-T</tt> option to update a + sandbox's <tt class="FILENAME">CVS/Template</tt> file + from the repository. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> <tt class= + "LITERAL">diff</tt> now supports the <tt class= + "OPTION">-j</tt> option to perform differences + against a revision relative to a branch tag. + [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN2811">2.3.1.2 + CVSup</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">CVSup</b>, a frequently + used utility in the FreeBSD Ports Collection, was + formerly installable using several ports and + packages. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/cvsup-bin/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/cvsup-bin</tt></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/cvsupd-bin/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/cvsupd-bin</tt></a> + ports/packages are no longer necessary or available; + the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/cvsup/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/cvsup</tt></a> port should + be used instead. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">CVSup</b> has been updated + to 16.1_3, which is available in the FreeBSD Ports + Collection as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/cvsup/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/cvsup</tt></a>. This update + fixes a long-standing (but only recently encountered) + bug which affects the timestamps on all files after + Sun Sep 9 01:46:40 UTC 2001 (1,000,000,000 seconds + after the UNIX epoch). [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="KAME-USERLAND">2.3.1.3 + KAME</a></h4> + + <p>The IPv6 stack is now based on a snapshot based on + the KAME Project's IPv6 snapshot as of 28 May, 2001. + Most of the items listed in this section are a result + of this import. <a href="#KAME-KERNEL">Section + 2.1.9.3</a> lists kernel updates to the KAME IPv6 + stack. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=faithd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">faithd</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a configuration file for access control. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> can now + perform the functions of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> can now + perform the functions of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=prefix&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">prefix</span>(8)</span></a>. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=prefix&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">prefix</span>(8)</span></a> is now a + shell script for partial backwards compatibility. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ndp</span>(8)</span></a> now + implements garbage collection for stale NDP entries, + as described in RFC 2461 (Neighbor Discovery for IP + Version 6 (IPv6)). [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pim6dd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pim6dd</span>(8)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pim6sd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pim6sd</span>(8)</span></a> have been + removed due to restrictive licensing conditions. + These programs are available in the ports collection + as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/pim6dd/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/pim6dd</tt></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/pim6sd/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/pim6sd</tt></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route6d&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">route6d</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports an <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> flag to avoid + updating the kernel forwarding table. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="OPTION">-R</tt> (router + renumbering) option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtadvd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rtadvd</span>(8)</span></a> is + currently ignored. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN2869">2.3.1.4 + OpenSSH</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been + updated to 2.9, which provides support for the SSH2 + protocol (now the default) and DSA keys. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-add</span>(1)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-agent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-agent</span>(1)</span></a> can + now handle DSA keys, with support for authentication + forwarding. <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> users + in the USA no longer need to rely on the + restrictively-licensed RSAREF toolkit which is + required to handle RSA keys. Among other new + features: A client and server for sftp has been + added. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=scp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">scp</span>(1)</span></a> can now + handle files larger than 2 GBytes. A limit on the + number of outstanding, unauthenticated connections in + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> has been + added. Support has been added for the Rijndael + encryption algorithm. Rekeying of existing sessions + is now supported, and an experimental <b class= + "APPLICATION">SOCKS4</b> proxy has been added to <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> can now + authenticate using OPIE passwords in SSH1 mode. + Support is not yet available in SSH2 mode. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> support for <b + class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been added.</p> + + <p>A long-standing bug in <b class= + "APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b>, which sometimes resulted + in a dropped session when an X11-forwarded client was + closed, was fixed.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Kerberos</b> compatibility + has been added to <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been + modified to be more resistant to traffic analysis by + requiring that ``non-echoed'' characters are still + echoed back in a null packet, as well as by padding + passwords sent so as not to hint at password lengths. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> is now + enabled by default on new installs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> <tt class= + "LITERAL">X11Forwarding</tt> is now turned on by + default on the server (any risk is to the client, + where it is already disabled by default). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>In <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</tt>, + the <tt class="LITERAL">ConnectionsPerPeriod</tt> + parameter has been deprecated in favor of <tt class= + "LITERAL">MaxStartups</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> now has a <tt + class="LITERAL">VersionAddendum</tt> configuration + setting for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> to allow + changing the part of the <b class= + "APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> version string after the + main version number.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN2923">2.3.1.5 + OpenSSL</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> has been + updated to 0.9.6c.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> now has support + for machine-dependent ASM optimizations, activated by + the new <tt class="VARNAME">MACHINE_CPU</tt> and/or + <tt class="VARNAME">CPUTYPE</tt> <tt class= + "FILENAME">make.conf</tt> variables. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN2932">2.3.1.6 + sendmail</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been + updated from version 8.9.3 to version 8.12.2. + Important changes include: <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendmail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span></a> is no + longer installed as a set-user-ID root binary (now + set-group-ID smmsp); new default file locations (see + <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README</tt>); + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newaliases&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newaliases</span>(1)</span></a> is + limited to <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> and trusted + users; STARTTLS encryption; and the MSA port (587) is + turned on by default. See <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES</tt> + for more information. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mail.local&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mail.local</span>(8)</span></a> is no + longer installed as a set-user-ID binary. If you are + using a <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</tt> from the + default <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt> + included with FreeBSD any time after 3.1.0, you are + fine. If you are using a hand-configured <tt class= + "FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt> and <tt class= + "COMMAND">mail.local</tt> for delivery, check to make + sure the <tt class="LITERAL">F=S</tt> flag is set on + the <tt class="LITERAL">Mlocal</tt> line. Those with + <tt class="FILENAME">.mc</tt> files who need to add + the flag can do so by adding the following line to + their <tt class="FILENAME">.mc</tt> file and + regenerating the <tt class= + "FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt> file:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + MODIFY_MAILER_FLAGS(`LOCAL',`+S')dnl +</pre> + + <p>Note that <tt class= + "LITERAL">FEATURE(`local_lmtp')</tt> already does + this. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</tt> disables the + SMTP <tt class="LITERAL">EXPN</tt> and <tt class= + "LITERAL">VRFY</tt> commands. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vacation&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vacation</span>(1)</span></a> has + been updated to use the version included with <b + class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> + configuration building tools are installed in <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/share/sendmail/cf/</tt>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>New <tt class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt> options: + <tt class="VARNAME">SENDMAIL_MC</tt> and <tt class= + "VARNAME">SENDMAIL_ADDITIONAL_MC</tt>. See <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</tt> for + more information. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/mail/Makefile</tt> now + supports: the new <tt class= + "VARNAME">SENDMAIL_MC</tt> <tt class= + "FILENAME">make.conf</tt> option; the ability to + build <tt class="FILENAME">.cf</tt> files from <tt + class="FILENAME">.mc</tt> files; generalized map + rebuilding; rebuilding the aliases file; and the + ability to stop, start, and restart <b class= + "APPLICATION">sendmail</b>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="USERNAME">smmsp</tt> and <tt class= + "USERNAME">mailnull</tt> users have been added to <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/master.passwd</tt>. In the + absence of a <tt class="LITERAL">confDEF_USER_ID</tt> + setting, by default, <b class= + "APPLICATION">sendmail</b> will use the <tt class= + "USERNAME">mailnull</tt> user for extra security. + Previously, if the <tt class="USERNAME">mailnull</tt> + user did not exist, the <tt class= + "USERNAME">daemon</tt> user was used. This change may + generate some permissions issues when mailing to + files or to programs (such as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/majordomo/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">mail/majordomo</tt></a>). + [MERGED] The previous behavior can be restored by + adding the following line to a system's <tt class= + "FILENAME"><tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>*</i></tt>.mc</tt> configuration + file:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + define(`confDEF_USER_ID', `daemon') +</pre> + <br> + <br> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN2998">2.3.2 + Ports/Packages Collection</a></h3> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">BSDPAN</b>, a collection of + modules that provides tighter integration of <b class= + "APPLICATION">Perl</b> into the FreeBSD Ports + Collection, has been added.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> can now + work with packages that have been compressed using <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> will use + the PACKAGEROOT environment variable to determine a + mirror site for new packages. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a> now + records dependencies in dependency order rather than in + the order specified on the command line. This improves + the functioning of <tt class="COMMAND">pkg_add -r</tt>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-b</tt> to create a + package file from a locally-installed package. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>When requested to delete multiple packages, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_delete&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_delete</span>(1)</span></a> will + now attempt to remove them in dependency order rather + than the order specified on the command line. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_delete&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_delete</span>(1)</span></a> now can + perform glob/regexp matching of package names. In + addition, it supports a <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> + option for removing all packages and a <tt class= + "OPTION">-i</tt> option for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a>-style + interactive confirmation. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_delete&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_delete</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt> option for + recursive package removal. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports globbing against names of installed packages. + The <tt class="OPTION">-G</tt> option disables this + behavior, and the <tt class="OPTION">-x</tt> option + causes regular expression matching instead of shell + globbing. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a> can now + accept a <tt class="OPTION">-g</tt> flag for verifying + an installed package against its recorded checksums (to + see if it's been modified post-installation). + Naturally, this mechanism is only as secure as the + contents of <tt class="FILENAME">/var/db/pkg</tt> if + it's to be used for auditing purposes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_sign&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_sign</span>(1)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_check&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_check</span>(1)</span></a> have + been added to digitally sign and verify the signatures + on binary package files. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_update&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_update</span>(1)</span></a>, a + utility to update installed packages and update their + dependencies, has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a> now + has a version number comparison routine that + corresponds to the Porters Handbook. It also has a <tt + class="OPTION">-t</tt> option for testing address + comparisons. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a> now + takes a <tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> flag to limit its + operation to ports/packages matching a given string. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Version numbers of installed packages have a new + (backward-compatible) syntax, which supports the <tt + class="VARNAME">PORTREVISION</tt> and <tt class= + "VARNAME">PORTEPOCH</tt> variables in Ports Collection + <tt class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>s. These changes help + keep track of changes in the ports collection entries + such as security patches or FreeBSD-specific updates, + which aren't reflected in the original, third-party + software distributions. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a> can + now compare these new-style version numbers. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>To improve performance and disk utilization, the + ``ports skeletons'' in the FreeBSD Ports Collection + have been restructured. Installed ports and packages + should not be affected. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>All packages and ports now contain an ``origin'' + directive, which makes it easier for programs such as + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a> to + determine the directory from which a package was built. + [MERGED]</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN3091">3 Upgrading from + previous releases of FreeBSD</a></h1> + + <p>If you're upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, + you generally will have three options:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Using the binary upgrade option of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>. This + option is perhaps the quickest, although it presumes + that your installation of FreeBSD uses no special + compilation options.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Performing a complete reinstall of FreeBSD. + Technically, this is not an upgrading method, and in + any case is usually less convenient than a binary + upgrade, in that it requires you to manually backup and + restore the contents of <tt class="FILENAME">/etc</tt>. + However, it may be useful in cases where you want (or + need) to change the partitioning of your disks.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>From source code in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src</tt>. This route is more flexible, + but requires more disk space, time, and more technical + expertise. Upgrading from very old versions of FreeBSD + may be problematic; in cases like this, it is usually + more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a + complete reinstall.</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Please read the <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> + file for more information, preferably <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> beginning + an upgrade. If you are upgrading from source, please be + sure to read <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> as + well.</p> + + <p>Finally, if you want to use one of various means to + track the -STABLE or -CURRENT branches of FreeBSD, please + be sure to consult the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html" + target="_top">``-CURRENT vs. -STABLE''</a> section of the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target= + "_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>.</p> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of + course, only be attempted after backing up <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span> data and + configuration files.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <hr> + + <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related + documents, can be downloaded from <a href= + "ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> + before contacting <<a href= + "mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 5-CURRENT + should subscribe to the <<a href= + "mailto:current@FreeBSD.org">current@FreeBSD.org</a>> + mailing list.</small></small></p> + + <p align="center">For questions about this documentation, + e-mail <<a href= + "mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</p> + <br> + <br> + </body> +</html> + diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/relnotes-sparc64.html b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/relnotes-sparc64.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d7897c9c10 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/relnotes-sparc64.html @@ -0,0 +1,5111 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> + <head> + <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"> + <title>FreeBSD/sparc64 5.0-CURRENT Release Notes</title> + <meta name="GENERATOR" content= + "Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 "> + <link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css"> + </head> + + <body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link= + "#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> + <div class="ARTICLE"> + <div class="TITLEPAGE"> + <h1 class="TITLE"><a name="AEN2">FreeBSD/sparc64 + 5.0-CURRENT Release Notes</a></h1> + + <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3> + + <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 by + The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p> + + <p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: + src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v + 1.315 2002/04/05 17:03:33 bmah Exp $<br> + </p> + + <div> + <div class="ABSTRACT"> + <a name="AEN11"></a> + + <p>The release notes for FreeBSD 5.0-CURRENT contain a + summary of the changes made in the FreeBSD base system + since 4.0-RELEASE. Both changes for kernel and userland + are listed, as well as applicable security advisories + that were issued since the last release. Some brief + remarks on upgrading are also presented.</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr> + </div> + + <div class="TOC"> + <dl> + <dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt> + + <dt>1 <a href="#AEN13">Introduction</a></dt> + + <dt>2 <a href="#AEN18">What's New</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.1 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.1.1 <a href="#AEN289">Processor/Motherboard + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.2 <a href="#AEN316">Bootloader + Changes</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.3 <a href="#AEN338">Network Interface + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.4 <a href="#AEN567">Network + Protocols</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.5 <a href="#AEN693">Disks and + Storage</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.6 <a href="#AEN834">Filesystems</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.7 <a href="#AEN909">PCCARD + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.8 <a href="#AEN930">Multimedia + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.9 <a href="#AEN954">Contributed + Software</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>2.2 <a href="#SECURITY">Security-Related + Changes</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.3.1 <a href="#AEN2668">Contributed + Software</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.2 <a href="#AEN3076">Ports/Packages + Collection</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>3 <a href="#AEN3169">Upgrading from previous releases + of FreeBSD</a></dt> + </dl> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN13">1 Introduction</a></h1> + + <p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD + 5.0-CURRENT on the UltraSPARC hardware platform. It + describes new features of FreeBSD that have been added (or + changed) since 4.0-RELEASE. It also provides some notes on + upgrading from previous versions of FreeBSD.</p> + + <p>The snapshot distribution to which these release notes + apply represents a point along the 5-CURRENT development + branch between 4.0-RELEASE and the future 5.0-RELEASE. Some + pre-built, binary snapshot distributions along this branch + can be found at <a href= + "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/" + target= + "_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN18">2 What's New</a></h1> + + <p>This section describes the most user-visible new or + changed features in FreeBSD since 4.0-RELEASE. Typical + release note items document new drivers or hardware + support, new commands or options, major bugfixes, or + contributed software upgrades. Security advisories issued + after 4.0-RELEASE are also listed. In general, changes + described here are unique to the 5-CURRENT branch unless + specifically marked as [MERGED] features.</p> + + <p>Many additional changes were made to FreeBSD that are + not listed here for lack of space. For example, + documentation was corrected and improved, minor bugs were + fixed, insecure coding practices were audited and + corrected, and source code was cleaned up.</p> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="KERNEL">2.1 Kernel + Changes</a></h2> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=agp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">agp</span>(4)</span></a> driver for AGP + devices has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> command <tt + class="COMMAND">show pcpu</tt> lists some of the per-CPU + data.</p> + + <p>Two new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> commands, <tt + class="COMMAND">hwatch</tt> and <tt class= + "COMMAND">dhwatch</tt>, have been introduced. Analogous + to <tt class="COMMAND">watch</tt> and <tt class= + "COMMAND">dwatch</tt>, they install hardware watchpoints + (as opposed to software watchpoints) if supported by the + architecture. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a>, which allows + entries in the <tt class="FILENAME">/dev</tt> directory + to be built automatically and supports more flexible + attachment of devices, has been largely reworked. <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> is now enabled + by default and can be disabled by the <tt class= + "LITERAL">NODEVFS</tt> kernel option.</p> + + <p>The dgm driver has been removed in favor of the digi + driver.</p> + + <p>A new digi driver has been added to support PCI + Xr-based and ISA Xem Digiboard cards. A new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=digictl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">digictl</span>(8)</span></a> program is + (mainly) used to re-initialize cards that have external + port modules attached such as the PC/Xem.</p> + + <p>An <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eaccess&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">eaccess</span>(2)</span></a> system call + has been added, similar to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=access&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">access</span>(2)</span></a> except that + the former uses effective credentials rather than real + credentials.</p> + + <p>Support has been added for EBus-based devices.</p> + + <p>Each <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> environment can + now run under its own securelevel.</p> + + <p>The tunable sysctl variables for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> have moved from + <tt class="VARNAME">jail.*</tt> to the <tt class= + "VARNAME">security.*</tt> hierarchy. Other + security-related sysctl variables have moved from <tt + class="VARNAME">kern.security.*</tt> to <tt class= + "VARNAME">security.*</tt>.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="VARNAME">kern.maxvnodes</tt> limit now + properly limits the number of vnodes in use. Previously + only vnodes with no cached pages could be freed; this + could allow the number of vnodes to grow without limit on + large-memory machines accessing many small files. A <tt + class="LITERAL">vnlru</tt> kernel thread helps to flush + and reuse vnodes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The kernel message buffer is now accessible by the + (machine-independent) <tt class= + "VARNAME">kern.msgbuf</tt> sysctl variable; <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dmesg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dmesg</span>(8)</span></a> no longer + needs to be SGID <tt class="GROUPNAME">kmem</tt>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> event + notification facility was added to the FreeBSD kernel. + This is a new interface which is able to replace <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=poll&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">poll</span>(2)</span></a>/<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=select&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">select</span>(2)</span></a>, offering + improved performance, as well as the ability to report + many different types of events. Support for monitoring + changes in sockets, pipes, fifos, and files are present, + as well as for signals and processes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=labpc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">labpc</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been removed due to ``bitrot''.</p> + + <p>The loader and kernel linker now look for files named + <tt class="FILENAME">linker.hints</tt> in each directory + with KLDs for a module name and version to KLD filename + mapping. The new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldxref&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">kldxref</span>(8)</span></a> utility is + used to generate these files.</p> + + <p>Linux emulation now supports the kernel functionality + required by the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/linux_base-7/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">emulators/linux_base-7</tt></a> + (RedHat 7.X emulation) port. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Linux emulation now requires <tt class= + "LITERAL">options SYSVSEM</tt> in the kernel + configuration. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lomac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lomac</span>(4)</span></a>, a + Low-Watermark Mandatory Access Control security facility, + has been added as a kernel module. It provides a drop-in + security mechanism in addition to the traditional + UID-based security facilities, requiring no additional + configuration from the administrator. Work on this + feature was sponsored by DARPA and NAI Labs.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="VARNAME">maxusers</tt> kernel + configuration parameter is now a boot-time tunable + variable. The kernel parameters derived from <tt class= + "VARNAME">maxusers</tt> are now also tunables and can be + overridden at boot-time. The <tt class="VARNAME">hz</tt> + parameter is also now a tunable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Specifying a value of <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> for + the <tt class="VARNAME">maxusers</tt> kernel + configuration parameter will now cause an appropriate + value to be calculated at boot-time (between 32 and 384, + depending on the amount of memory present). This value is + now the default for all <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> + kernels. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The kernel configuration parameters <tt class= + "VARNAME">MAXTSIZ</tt>, <tt class="VARNAME">DFLDSIZ</tt>, + <tt class="VARNAME">MAXDSIZ</tt>, <tt class= + "VARNAME">DFLSSIZ</tt>, <tt class="VARNAME">MAXSSIZ</tt>, + and <tt class="VARNAME">SGROWSIZ</tt> are all loader + tunables (<tt class="VARNAME">kern.maxtsiz</tt>, <tt + class="VARNAME">kern.maxdfldsiz</tt>, etc.). [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mutex&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mutex</span>(9)</span></a> profiling code + has been added, enabled by the <tt class= + "LITERAL">MUTEX_PROFILING</tt> kernel configuration + option. It enables the <tt class= + "VARNAME">debug.mutex.prof.*</tt> hierarchy of sysctl + variables.</p> + + <p>A <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nmdm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">nmdm</span>(4)</span></a> null-modem + terminal driver has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">O_DIRECT</tt> flag has been + added to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=open&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">open</span>(2)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fcntl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fcntl</span>(2)</span></a>. Specifying + this flag for open files will attempt to minimize the + cache effects of reading and writing. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>An <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=orm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">orm</span>(4)</span></a> device has been + added to claim the option ROMs in the ISA memory I/O + space, to prevent other drivers from mistakenly assigning + addresses that conflict with these ROMs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>POSIX.1b Shared Memory Objects are now supported. The + implementation uses regular files, but automatically + enables the MAP_NOSYNC flag when they are <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a>-ed. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Replaced the <tt class="LITERAL">PQ_*CACHE</tt> + options with a single <tt class= + "LITERAL">PQ_CACHESIZE</tt> option to be set to the cache + size in kilobytes. The old options are still supported + for backwards compatibility. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">random</span>(4)</span></a> device has + been rewritten to use the <b class= + "APPLICATION">Yarrow</b> algorithm. It harvests entropy + from a variety of interrupt sources, including the + console devices, Ethernet and point-to-point network + interfaces, and mass-storage devices. Entropy from the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">random</span>(4)</span></a> device is now + periodically saved to files in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/var/db/entropy</tt>, as well as at shutdown + time. The semantics of <tt class= + "FILENAME">/dev/random</tt> have changed; it never blocks + waiting for entropy bits but generates a stream of + pseudo-random data and now behaves exactly as <tt class= + "FILENAME">/dev/urandom</tt>.</p> + + <p>A new kernel option, <tt class="LITERAL">options + REGRESSION</tt>, enables interfaces and functionality + intended for use during correctness and regression + testing.</p> + + <p>Support has been added for SBus-based devices.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">snp</span>(4)</span></a> device is no + longer static and can now be compiled as a module. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports keyboard-controlled pasting, by default bound to + <b class="KEYCAP">Shift</b>-<b class= + "KEYCAP">Insert</b>.</p> + + <p>Support for USB devices was added to the <tt class= + "FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel and to the installation + programs to support USB devices out of the box. Note that + SRM does not support USB devices at the moment, so you + must still use an AT keyboard if you are not using a + serial console. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The ucom device driver has been added, to support USB + modems, serial devices, and other programs that need to + look like a tty. The related uplcom and uvscom drivers + provide specific support for the Prolific PL-2303 serial + adapter and the SUNTAC Slipper U VS-10U, + respectively.</p> + + <p>To increase security, the <tt class= + "LITERAL">UCONSOLE</tt> kernel configuration option has + been removed.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">USER_LDT</tt> kernel option is + now activated by default.</p> + + <p>A VESA S3 linear framebuffer driver has been + added.</p> + + <p>Write combining for crashdumps has been implemented. + This feature is useful when write caching is disabled on + both SCSI and IDE disks, where large memory dumps could + take up to an hour to complete. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Extremely large swap areas (>67 GB) no longer panic + the system.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="MAKETARGET">buildkernel</tt> target now + gets the name of the configuration(s) to build from the + <tt class="VARNAME">KERNCONF</tt> variable, not <tt + class="VARNAME">KERNEL</tt>. It is no longer required, in + some cases, for a <tt class="MAKETARGET">buildworld</tt> + to precede a <tt class="MAKETARGET">buildkernel</tt>. + (The <tt class="MAKETARGET">buildworld</tt> is still + required when upgrading across major releases, across <b + class="APPLICATION">binutil</b> updates and when <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> changes + version.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The out-of-swap process termination code now begins + killing processes earlier to avoid deadlocks; it now also + takes into account the swap space used by processes when + computing the process sizes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Linker sets are now self-contained; <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gensetdefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gensetdefs</span>(8)</span></a> is + unnecessary and has been removed.</p> + + <p>Network device cloning has been implemented, and the + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gif</span>(4)</span></a> device has been + modified to take advantage of it. Thus, instead of + specifying how many <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gif</span>(4)</span></a> interfaces are + available in kernel configuration files, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>'s <tt + class="OPTION">create</tt> option should be used when + another device instance is desired. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>It is now possible to hardwire kernel environment + variables (such as tuneables) at compile-time using <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>'s <tt class= + "LITERAL">ENV</tt> directive.</p> + + <p>Idle zeroing of pages can be enabled with the <tt + class="VARNAME">vm.idlezero_enable</tt> sysctl + variable.</p> + + <p>Coredumps of large processes (or of a large number of + processes) no longer lock up the machine for long periods + of time. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The Kernel-Scheduled Entity project has made changes + to the kernel scheduler to more efficiently handle + multi-threaded programs.</p> + + <p>The kernel now has support for multiple low-level + console devices. The new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a> utility + helps to manage the different consoles.</p> + + <p>The kernel on the installation CDs is now separated + from the <tt class="FILENAME">mfsroot</tt> image. This + permits the use of a full kernel when installing from CD + on machines that support CD booting (instead of the + stripped-down kernel used on floppies). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The system load average computation now adds some + jitter to the timing of samples, in order to avoid + synchronization with processes that run periodically. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>If a debugging kernel with modules is being built + (i.e. using <tt class="LITERAL">makeoptions + DEBUG=-g</tt>), the modules will now be built with + debugging support as well, for completeness. A side + effect of this change is that modules built and installed + with debugging kernels will now occupy more space on disk + than they did previously. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The kernel dump device can now be set via the <tt + class="VARNAME">dumpdev</tt> loader tunable. As a result, + it is now possible to obtain crash dumps from panics + during the late stages of kernel initialization (before + the system enters into single-user mode). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The kernel memory allocator is now a slab memory + allocator, similar to that used in Solaris. This is a + SMP-safe memory allocator that has near-linear + performance as the number of CPUs increases. It also + allows for reduced memory fragmentation.</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN289">2.1.1 + Processor/Motherboard Support</a></h3> + + <p>SMP support has been largely reworked, incorporating + code from BSD/OS 5.0. One of the main features of SMPng + (``SMP Next Generation'') is to allow more processes to + run in kernel, without the need for spin locks that can + dramatically reduce the efficiency of multiple + processors. Interrupt handlers now have contexts + associated with them that allow them to be blocked, + which reduces the need to lock out interrupts.</p> + + <p>The UltraSPARC platform is now supported by FreeBSD. + The following machines are supported to at least some + degree: Ultra 1/2/5/10/30/60, Enterprise 220R/420R, + Netra T1 AC200/DC200, Netra T 105, and Blade 100. SMP + is supported, and has been tested on the Ultra 2, Ultra + 60, Enterprise 220R, and Enterprise 420R.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN316">2.1.2 Bootloader + Changes</a></h3> + + <p>The kernel and modules have been moved to the + directory <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/kernel</tt>, so + they can be easily manipulated together. The boot + loader has been updated to make this change as seamless + as possible.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN338">2.1.3 Network + Interface Support</a></h3> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> driver for + Cisco Aironet cards now supports Wired Equivalent + Privacy (WEP) encryption, settable via <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ancontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ancontrol</span>(8)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports the Cisco Aironet 350 series of adaptors. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports ``monitor'' mode, settable via the <tt class= + "OPTION">-M</tt> option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ancontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ancontrol</span>(8)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports Cisco LEAP, as well as the ``Home'' WEP key. + The Linux Aironet utilities are now supported under + emulation. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports NICs based on the Xircom 3201 and Conexant + LANfinity RS7112 chips.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for VLANs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + performs round-robin arbitration between the transmit + and receive units of the 21143, instead of giving + priority to the receive unit. This gives a 10-15% + performance improvement in the forwarding rate under + heavy load. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver that + could cause panics with very short packets and BPF or + bridging active has been fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for D-Link DL10022 chips, necessary for the + NetGear FA-410TX and other cards. As a result, <tt + class="LITERAL">device miibus</tt> is required in + kernel configurations using the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=faith&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">faith</span>(4)</span></a> device is + now loadable, unloadable, and clonable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + requires a <tt class="LITERAL">device miibus</tt> entry + in the kernel configuration file. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + contains a workaround for PCI protocol violations + caused by defects in some systems based on the Intel + ICH2/ICH2-M chip. The workaround is to rewrite the + EEPROM on the interface to disable Dynamic Standby + Mode; once the EEPROM is rewritten, the system needs to + be rebooted for the new settings to take effect. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports Intel's loadable microcode to implement + receive-side interrupt coalescing and packet bundling, + on NICs that support these features. This support can + be activated by the use of the <tt class= + "OPTION">link0</tt> option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The gem driver has been added to support the Sun GEM + Gigabit Ethernet and ERI Fast Ethernet adapters.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been + added to support NICs based on the Intel 82542 and + 82543 Gigabit Ethernet controller chips. Both fiber and + copper variants of the cards are supported. Both boards + support VLAN tagging/insertion, and the 82543 + additionally supports TCP/IP checksum offload. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The hme driver has been added to support the Sun HME + Fast Ethernet adapter, onboard on many Sun Ultra series + machines.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lge</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been added to support the Level 1 LXT1001 NetCellerator + Gigabit Ethernet controller chip. This device is used + on some fiber optic GigE cards from SMC, D-Link and + Addtron. Jumbograms and TCP/IP checksum offload on + receive are supported, although hardware VLAN filtering + is not. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Added the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a> driver, which + supports PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the + National Semiconductor DP83820 and DP83821 Gigabit + Ethernet controller chips, including the D-Link + DGE-500T, SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX), Asante + FriendlyNet GigaNIC 1000TA and 1000TPC and Addtron + AEG320T. This driver supports transmit and receive + checksum offloading. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> driver, which + supports the AMD PCnet/FAST, PCnet/FAST+, PCnet/FAST + III, PCnet/PRO, PCnet/Home, and HomePNA adapters, has + been added. Although these cards are already supported + by the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> driver, the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> driver runs + these chips in 32-bit mode and uses the RX alignment + feature to achieve zero-copy receive. This driver is + also machine-independent, so it will work on both the + i386 and Alpha platforms. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> driver is + still needed to support non-PCI cards. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ray&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ray</span>(4)</span></a> driver, which + supports the Webgear Aviator wireless network cards, + has been committed. The operation of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ray&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ray</span>(4)</span></a> interfaces can + be modified by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=raycontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">raycontrol</span>(8)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Added support for PCI Ethernet adapters based on the + SiS 900 and SiS 7016 Fast Ethernet controller chips + (for example, as seen on the SiS 635 and 735 + motherboard chipsets), as well as the National + Semiconductor DP83815 chipset (including the NetGear + FA311-TX and FA312-TX) in the form of the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver. This + device has support for VLANs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> device is now + clonable.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tap&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tap</span>(4)</span></a> driver, a + virtual Ethernet device driver for bridged + configurations, has been added. This device is + clonable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports the Alteon AceNIC 1000baseT Gigabit Ethernet + and Netgear GA620T 1000baseT Gigabit cards. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver + correctly masks VLAN tags. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been added to support NICs based on the 3Com 3XP + Typhoon/Sidewinder (3CR990) chipset. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vlan</span>(4)</span></a> devices are + now loadable, unloadable, and clonable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for Prism II and Prism 2.5-based NICs. + 104/128-bit WEP now works on Prism cards. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports the 3Com 3C556 and 3C556B MiniPCI adapters + used on some laptops. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports reception of VLAN tagged frames (on the + ``Cyclone'' or newer chipsets). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports send- and receive-side TCP/IP checksum + offloading for NICs implementing this feature, such as + the 3C905B, 3C905C, and 3C980C. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver, related + to statistics overflow interrupt handling, was causing + slowdowns at medium to high packet rates; this has been + fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The per-interface <tt class="VARNAME">ifnet</tt> + structure now has the ability to indicate a set of + capabilities supported by a network interface, and + which ones are enabled. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> has + support for querying these capabilities. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Performance with hosts having a large number of IP + aliases has been improved, by replacing the + per-interface <tt class="VARNAME">if_inaddr</tt> linear + list with a hash table. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Network devices now automatically appear as special + files in <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/net</tt>. Interface + hardware ioctls (not protocol or routing) can be + performed on these devices. The <tt class= + "VARNAME">SIOCGIFCONF</tt> ioctl may be performed on + the special <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/network</tt> + node.</p> + + <p>Selected network drivers now implement a + semi-polling mode, which makes systems much more + resilient to attacks and overloads. To enable polling, + the following options are required in a kernel + configuration file:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + options DEVICE_POLLING + options HZ=1000 # not compulsory but strongly recommended +</pre> + The <tt class="VARNAME">kern.polling.enable</tt> sysctl + variable will then activate polling mode; with the <tt + class="VARNAME">kern.polling.user_frac</tt> sysctl + indicating the percentage of CPU time to be reserved + for userland. The devices initially supporting polling + are <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>. More details + can be found in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a> manual + page. [MERGED]<br> + <br> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN567">2.1.4 Network + Protocols</a></h3> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=accept_filter&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">accept_filter</span>(9)</span></a>, a + kernel feature to reduce overheads when accepting and + reading new connections on listening sockets, has been + added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">proxy</tt> modifier to <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">arp</span>(8)</span></a>'s <tt class= + "OPTION">-d</tt> option has been renamed to <tt class= + "LITERAL">pub</tt>, for consistency with the <tt class= + "OPTION">-s</tt> option. The <tt class= + "LITERAL">only</tt> keyword has been added to the <tt + class="OPTION">-s</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> + flags, to be used in creating ``proxy-only'' published + entries. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The read timeout feature of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bpf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bpf</span>(4)</span></a> now works more + correctly with <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=select&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">select</span>(2)</span></a>/<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=poll&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">poll</span>(2)</span></a>, and + therefore with pthreads. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bridge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bridge</span>(4)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dummynet&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dummynet</span>(4)</span></a> have + received some enhancements and bug fixes, and are now + loadable modules. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bridge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bridge</span>(4)</span></a> now has + better support for multiple, fully-independent bridging + clusters, and is much more stable in the presence of + dynamic attachments and detatchments. Full support for + VLANs is also supported. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>ICMP ECHO and TSTAMP replies are now rate limited. + TCP RSTs generated due to packets sent to open and + unopen ports are now limited by separate counters. Each + rate limiting queue now has its own description.</p> + + <p>ICMP <tt class="LITERAL">UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB</tt> + messages can now RST TCP connections in the <tt class= + "LITERAL">SYN_SENT</tt> state if the correct sequence + numbers are sent back, as controlled by the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.icmp_may_rst</tt> sysctl. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>IP multicast now works on VLAN devices. Several + other bugs in the VLAN code have also been fixed.</p> + + <p>A bug in the IPSec processing for IPv4, which caused + the inbound SPD checks to be ignored, has been fixed. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> now filters + correctly in the presence of ECN bits in TCP segments. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_eth&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_eth</span>(4)</span></a> netgraph + node allows Ethernet type packets to be filtered to + different hooks depending on ethertype.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_gif</span>(4)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_gif_demux&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_gif_demux</span>(4)</span></a> + netgraph nodes, for operating on <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gif</span>(4)</span></a> devices, have + been added.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ip_input&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ip_input</span>(4)</span></a> + netgraph node, for queueing IP packets into the main IP + input processing code, has been added.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_mppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_mppc</span>(4)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bridge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bridge</span>(4)</span></a> node + types have been added to the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netgraph&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netgraph</span>(4)</span></a> + subsystem. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ether&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ether</span>(4)</span></a> node is + now dynamically loadable. Miscellaneous bug fixes and + enhancements have also been made. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new netgraph node type <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_one2many&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ng_one2many</span>(4)</span></a> for + multiplexing and demultiplexing packets over multiple + links has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new sysctl <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.ip.check_interface</tt>, which is on + by default, causes IP to verify that an incoming packet + arrives on an interface that has an address matching + the packet's destination address. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new sysctl <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_wrong_iface</tt> + has been added to control the suppression of logging + when ARP replies arrive on the wrong interface. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <tt class="LITERAL">options RANDOM_IP_ID</tt> + kernel option causes the ID field of IP packets to be + randomized. This closes a minor information leak which + allows a remote observer to determine the rate at which + the machine is generating packets, since the default + behavior is to increment a counter for each packet + sent. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP has received some bug fixes for its delayed ACK + behavior. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP now supports the NewReno modification to the TCP + Fast Recovery algorithm. This behavior can be + controlled via the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.newreno</tt> sysctl variable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP now uses a more aggressive timeout for initial + SYN segments; this allows initial connection attempts + to be dropped much faster. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">TCP_COMPAT_42</tt> kernel + option has been removed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">TCP_RESTRICT_RST</tt> kernel + option has been removed. Similar functionality can be + achieved with the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.blackhole</tt> sysctl variable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP now has RFC 1323 extensions enabled by default + in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>RFC 1323 and RFC 1644 TCP extensions are now + disabled for a connection in progress if no response + has been received by the third SYN segment sent. This + behavior tries to work around (very old) terminal + servers with buggy VJ header compression + implementations. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The TCP implementation no longer requires the + allocation of a TCP template structure for each + connection; this should reduce the buffer usage on + large systems handling many connections. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP's default buffer sizes, controlled by the <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.sendspace</tt> and <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.recvspace</tt> sysctl + variables, have been increased to 32K and 64K + respectively. Previously, the default for both buffer + sizes was 16K. To try to avoid increasing congestion, + the default value for <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.local_slowstart_flightsize</tt> + has been changed from infinity to 4. [MERGED]</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> On busy hosts, the new larger + buffer sizes may require manually increasing the + <tt class="VARNAME">NMBCLUSTERS</tt> parameter, + either in the kernel configuration file or via the + <tt class="VARNAME">kern.ipc.nmbclusters</tt> + loader tunable. <tt class="COMMAND">netstat + -mb</tt> can be used to monitor the state of mbuf + clusters.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br> + <br> + + <p>TCP now supports RFC 1948 (Defending Against + Sequence Number Attacks). This functionality is + controlled by the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.strict_rfc1948</tt> and <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.isn_reseed_interval</tt> + sysctl variables. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The TCP implementation in FreeBSD now implements a + cache of outstanding, received SYN segments. Incoming + SYN segments now cause entries to be placed in the + cache until the TCP three-way handshake is complete, at + which point, memory is allocated for the connection as + usual. In addition, all TCP Initial Sequence Numbers + (ISNs) are used as cookies, allowing entries in the + cache to be dropped, but still have their corresponding + ACKs accepted later. The combination of the so-called + ``syncache'' and ``syncookies'' features makes a host + much more resistant to TCP-based Denial of Service + attacks. Work on this feature was sponsored by DARPA + and NAI Labs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in the TCP implementation, which could cause + connections to stall if a sender saw a zero-sized + window, has been corrected. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The TCP implementation now properly ignores packets + addressed to IP-layer broadcast addresses. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The ephemeral port range used for TCP and UDP has + been changed to 49152-65535 (the old default was + 1024-5000). This increases the number of concurrent + outgoing connections/streams.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN693">2.1.5 Disks and + Storage</a></h3> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + received numerous updates, bugfixes, and enhancements. + Among various improvements are improved compatibility + with chips in ``RAID Port'' mode and systems with AAA + and/or ARO cards installed, as well as performance + improvements. Some bugs were also fixed, including a + rare hang on Ultra2/U160 controllers. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for ATA100 controllers. In addition, it now + supports the ServerWorks ROSB4 ATA33 chipset, the CMD + 648 ATA66 and CMD 649 ATA100 chipsets, and the Cyrix + 5530. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>To provide more flexible configuration, the various + options for the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver are now + boot loader tunables, rather than kernel configure-time + options. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for tagged queuing, which is enabled by the <tt + class="VARNAME">hw.ata.tags</tt> loader tunable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for ATA ``pseudo'' RAID controllers as the + Promise Fasttrak and HighPoint HPT370 controllers. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports a wider variety of SiS chipsets, as listed in + the Hardware Notes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for creating, deleting, querying, and + rebuilding ATA RAIDs under control of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atacontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">atacontrol</span>(8)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The BurnProof(TM) feature, for applicable ATAPI + CD-ROM burners, is now supported. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for 48-bit addressing. Devices larger than + 137GB are now supported. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + contains fixes for some data corruption problems on + systems using the VIA 82C686B Southbridge chip. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The CAM error recovery code has been updated.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a> driver now has + support for write operations. This allows writing to + DVD-RAM, PD and similar drives that probe as CD + devices. Note that change affects only random-access + writeable devices, not sequential-only writeable + devices such as CD-R drives, which are supported by <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a> (a part + of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> in the + Ports Collection. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a> floppy disk + has undergone a number of enhancements. Density + selection for common settings is now automatic; the + driver is also much more flexible in setting the + densities of various subdevices.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> disk I/O + request transformation framework has been added; this + extensible framework is designed to support a wide + variety of operations on I/O requests on their way from + the upper kernel to the device drivers.</p> + + <p>The ida disk driver now has crashdump support. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver is now + proactive about discovering Fibre Channel topology + changes.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports target mode for Qlogic SCSI cards, including + Ultra2 and Ultra3 and dual bus cards.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver now + supports the Qlogic 2300 and 2312 Optical Fibre Channel + PCI cards. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a>, the memory + disk device, has had the functionality of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vn</span>(4)</span></a> incorporated + into it. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a> devices can now + be configured by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vn</span>(4)</span></a> has been + removed. The Memory Filesystem (MFS) has also been + removed.</p> + + <p>Some problems in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sa</span>(4)</span></a> error handling + have been fixed, including the ``tape drive spinning + indefinitely upon <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mt</span>(1)</span></a> <tt class= + "OPTION">stat</tt>'' problem.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> volume + manager has received some bug fixes and + enhancements.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wd</span>(4)</span></a> compatibility + devices were removed from the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver. + [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN834">2.1.6 + Filesystems</a></h3> + + <p>Support for named extended attributes was added to + the FreeBSD kernel. This allows the kernel, and + appropriately privileged userland processes, to tag + files and directories with attribute data. Extended + attributes were added to support the TrustedBSD + Project, in particular ACLs, capability data, and + mandatory access control labels (see <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.extattr</tt> for + details).</p> + + <p>Due to a licensing change, softupdates have been + integrated into the main portion of the kernel source + tree. As a consequence, softupdates are now available + with the <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A filesystem snapshot capability has been added to + FFS. Details can be found in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ffs/README.snapshot</tt>.</p> + + <p>Softupdates for FFS have received some bug fixes and + enhancements.</p> + + <p>When running with softupdates, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=statfs&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">statfs</span>(2)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> will track the + number of blocks and files that are committed to being + freed.</p> + + <p>A bug in FFS that could cause superblock corruption + on very large filesystems has been corrected. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The Inode Filesystem (IFS) has been added; more + information can be found in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ifs/README</tt>.</p> + + <p>The ISO-9660 filesystem now has a hook that supports + a loadable character conversion routine. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cd9660_unicode/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/cd9660_unicode</tt></a> + port contains a set of common conversions. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kernfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">kernfs</span>(5)</span></a> is obsolete + and has been retired.</p> + + <p>A bug in the NFS client that caused bogus access + times with <tt class="LITERAL">O_EXCL|O_CREAT</tt> + opens was fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new NFS hash function (based on the Fowler/Noll/Vo + hash algorithm) has been implemented to improve NFS + performance by increasing the efficiency of the <tt + class="VARNAME">nfsnode</tt> hash tables. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Client-side NFS locks have been implemented.</p> + + <p>The client-side and server-side of the NFS code in + the kernel used to be intertwined in various complex + ways. They have been split apart for ease of + maintenance and further development.</p> + + <p>Support for filesystem Access Control Lists (ACLs) + has been introduced, allowing more fine-grained control + of discretionary access control on files and + directories. This support was integrated from the + TrustedBSD Project. More details can be found in <tt + class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.acls</tt>.</p> + + <p>The directory layout preference algorithm for FFS + (<tt class="LITERAL">dirprefs</tt>) has been changed. + Rather than scattering directory blocks across a disk, + it attempts to group related directory blocks together. + Operations traversing large directory hierarchies, such + as the FreeBSD Ports tree, have shown marked speedups. + This change is transparent and automatic for new + directories. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>For consistency, the fdesc, fifo, null, msdos, + portal, umap, and union filesystems have been renamed + to fdescfs, fifofs, msdosfs, nullfs, portalfs, umapfs, + and unionfs. Where applicable, modules and mount_* + programs have been renamed. Compatibility ``glue'' has + been added to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> so that <tt + class="LITERAL">msdos</tt> filesystem entries in <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a> will work + without changes.</p> + + <p>pseudofs, a pseudo-filesystem framework, has been + added. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linprocfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> have been + modified to use pseudofs.</p> + + <p>A simple hash-based lookup optimization for large + directories called <tt class="LITERAL">dirhash</tt> has + been added. Conditional on the <tt class= + "LITERAL">UFS_DIRHASH</tt> kernel option (enabled by + default in the <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> + kernel), it improves the speed of operations on very + large directories at the expense of some memory. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The virtual memory subsystem now backs UFS directory + memory requirements by default (this behavior is + controlled via the <tt class= + "VARNAME">vfs.vmiodirenable</tt> sysctl variable). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug that prevented the root filesystem from being + mounted from a SCSI CDROM has been fixed (ATAPI CDROMs + were always supported). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A number of bugs in the filesystem code, discovered + through the use of the <b class="APPLICATION">fsx</b> + filesystem test tool, have been fixed. Under certain + circumstances (primarily related to use of NFS), these + bugs could cause data corruption or kernel panics. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Network filesystems (such as NFS and smbfs + filesystems) listed in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> can now be properly mounted + during startup initialization; their mounts are + deferred until after the network is initialized.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN909">2.1.7 PCCARD + Support</a></h3> + + <p>On many modern hosts, PCCARD devices can be + configured to route their interrupts via either the ISA + or PCI interrupt paths. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pcic</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been updated to support both interrupt paths (formerly, + only routing via ISA was supported). [MERGED] In most + cases, configuration of PCMCIA devices in laptops is + simpler and more flexible. In addition, various Cardbus + bridge PCI cards (such as those used by Orinoco PCI + NICs) are now supported. Some hosts may experience + problems, such as hangs or panics, with PCI interrupt + routing; they can frequently be made to work by forcing + the older-style ISA interrupt routing. The following + lines, placed in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt>, may fix the + problem:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + hw.pcic.intr_path="1" + hw.pcic.irq="0" +</pre> + + <p>When installing FreeBSD on such a system, typing the + following lines to the boot loader may be helpful in + starting up FreeBSD for the first time:</p> + + <p> </p> +<pre class="SCREEN"> + <tt class="PROMPT">ok</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>set hw.pcic.intr_path="1"</b></tt> + <tt class="PROMPT">ok</tt> <tt class= +"USERINPUT"><b>set hw.pcic.irq="0"</b></tt> +</pre> + <br> + <br> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN930">2.1.8 Multimedia + Support</a></h3> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + snd_maestro3_load="YES" +</pre> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bktr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bktr</span>(4)</span></a> driver has + been updated to 2.18. This update provides a number of + new features. New tuner types have been added, and + improvements to the KLD module and to memory allocation + have been made. Bugs in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> when + unloading and reloading have been fixed. Support for + new Hauppauge Model 44xxx WinTV Cards (the ones with no + audio mux) has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>When sound modules are built, one can now load all + the drivers and infrastructure by <tt class= + "COMMAND">kldload snd</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new API has been added for sound cards with + hardware volume control.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN954">2.1.9 Contributed + Software</a></h3> + + <p>The Forth Inspired Command Language (<b class= + "APPLICATION">FICL</b>) used in the boot loader has + been updated to 2.05.</p> + + <p>Support for Advanced Configuration and Power + Interface (ACPI), a multi-vendor standard for + configuration and power management, has been added. + This functionality has been provided by the <b class= + "APPLICATION">Intel ACPI Component Architecture</b> + project, as of the ACPI CA 20020308 snapshot. Some + backward compatability for applications using the older + APM standard has been provided.</p> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN960">2.1.9.1 + IPFilter</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> has been + updated to 3.4.25.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> now supports + IPv6. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="KAME-KERNEL">2.1.9.3 + KAME</a></h4> + + <p>The IPv6 stack is now based on a snapshot based on + the KAME Project's IPv6 snapshot as of 28 May, 2001. + Most of the items listed in this section are a result + of this import. <a href="#KAME-USERLAND">Section + 2.3.1.3</a> lists userland updates to the KAME IPv6 + stack. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gif</span>(4)</span></a> is now based + on RFC 2893, rather than RFC 1933. The <tt class= + "LITERAL">IFF_LINK2</tt> interface flag can be used + to control ingress filtering. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">IPSec</b> has received some + enhancements, including the ability to use the + Rijndael and SHA2 algorithms. IPSec RC5 support has + been removed due to patent issues. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> now conforms + to RFC 3056; the <tt class="LITERAL">IFF_LINK2</tt> + interface flag can be used to control ingress + filtering. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>IPv6 has better checking of illegal addresses + (such as loopback addresses) on physical networks. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="VARNAME">IPV6_V6ONLY</tt> socket + option is now completely supported. The kernel's + default behavior with respect to this option is + controlled by the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet6.ip6.v6only</tt> sysctl variable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>RFC 3041 (Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address + Autoconfiguration) is now supported. It can be + enabled via the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet6.ip6.use_tempaddr</tt> sysctl + variable. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="SECURITY">2.2 Security-Related + Changes</a></h2> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now + allows the user to select one of two ``security + profiles'' at install-time. These profiles enable + different levels of system security by enabling or + disabling various system services in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> on new + installs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in which malformed ELF executable images can + hang the system has been fixed (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-00:41). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in Linux emulation was fixed (see + security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:42). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>String-handling library calls in many programs were + fixed to reduce the possibility of buffer + overflow-related exploits. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>TCP now uses stronger randomness in choosing its + initial sequence numbers (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-00:52). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Several buffer overflows in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a> were + corrected (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:61). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> was corrected + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:62). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A potential security hole caused by an + off-by-one-error in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyname&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyname</span>(3)</span></a> has + been fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:63). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A potential buffer overflow in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncurses&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ncurses</span>(3)</span></a> library, + which could cause arbitrary code to be run from within <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=systat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">systat</span>(1)</span></a>, has been + corrected (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:68). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">telnetd</span>(8)</span></a> that could + cause it to consume large amounts of server resources has + been fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:69). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">nat deny_incoming</tt> command + in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> now works + correctly (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:70). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">csh</span>(1)</span></a>/<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tcsh</span>(1)</span></a> temporary files + that could allow overwriting of arbitrary user-writable + files has been closed (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-00:76). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a> binary is no + longer SUID root by default. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Some fixes were applied to the Kerberos IV + implementation related to environment variables, a + possible buffer overrun, and overwriting ticket files. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnet&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">telnet</span>(1)</span></a> now does a + better job of sanitizing its environment. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Several vulnerabilities in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> were fixed + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:77). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> in which a + server was unable to disable <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-agent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-agent</span>(1)</span></a> or <tt + class="LITERAL">X11Forwarding</tt> was fixed (see + security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:01). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> in which + inbound TCP segments could incorrectly be treated as + being part of an <tt class="LITERAL">established</tt> + connection has been fixed (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-01:08). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crontab&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">crontab</span>(1)</span></a> that could + allow users to read any file on the system in valid <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crontab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">crontab</span>(5)</span></a> syntax has + been fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:09). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> that could + allow read-access to the initial 16 bytes of <tt class= + "GROUPNAME">wheel</tt>-accessible files has been fixed + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:11). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=periodic&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">periodic</span>(8)</span></a> that used + insecure temporary files has been corrected (see security + advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:12). [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> now has code to + prevent (instead of just mitigating through connection + limits) an attack that can lead to guessing the server + key (not host key) by regenerating the server key when an + RSA failure is detected (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-01:24). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A number of programs have had output formatting + strings corrected so as to reduce the risk of + vulnerabilities. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A number of programs that use temporary files now do + so more securely. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in ICMP that could cause an attacker to disrupt + TCP and UDP ``sessions'' has been corrected. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=timed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">timed</span>(8)</span></a>, which caused + it to crash if send certain malformed packets, has been + corrected (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:28). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rwhod&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rwhod</span>(8)</span></a>, which caused + it to crash if send certain malformed packets, has been + corrected (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:29). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in FreeBSD's FFS and EXT2FS + implementations, which allowed a race condition that + could cause users to have unauthorized access to data, + has been fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:30). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A remotely-exploitable vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ntpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ntpd</span>(8)</span></a> has been closed + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:31). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in <b class= + "APPLICATION">IPFilter</b>'s fragment cache has been + closed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:32). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Buffer overflows in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=glob&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">glob</span>(3)</span></a>, which could + cause arbitrary code to be run on an FTP server, have + been closed. In addition, to prevent some forms of DOS + attacks, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=glob&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">glob</span>(3)</span></a> allows + specification of a limit on the number of pathname + matches it will return. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now uses this + feature (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:33). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Initial sequence numbers in TCP are more thoroughly + randomized (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:39). Due + to some possible compatibility issues, the behavior of + this security fix can be enabled or disabled via the <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.tcp_seq_genscheme</tt> + sysctl variable.[MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fts&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fts</span>(3)</span></a> routines (used + by applications for recursively traversing a filesystem) + could allow a program to operate on files outside the + intended directory hierarchy. This bug has been fixed + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:40). [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> now switches to the + user's UID before attempting to unlink the authentication + forwarding file, nullifying the effects of a race.</p> + + <p>A flaw allowed some signal handlers to remain in + effect in a child process after being exec-ed from its + parent. This allowed an attacker to execute arbitrary + code in the context of a setuid binary. This flaw has + been corrected (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:42). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A remote buffer overflow in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a> has been + fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:48). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A remote buffer overflow in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">telnetd</span>(8)</span></a> has been + fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:49). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The new <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.ip.maxfragpackets</tt> and <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.ip6.maxfragpackets</tt> sysctl + variables limit the amount of memory that can be consumed + by IPv4 and IPv6 packet fragments, which defends against + some denial of service attacks (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-01:52). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>All services in <tt class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt> + are now disabled by default for new installations. <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> gives the + option of enabling or disabling <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> on new + installations, as well as editing <tt class= + "FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A flaw in the implementation of the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> <tt class= + "LITERAL">me</tt> rules on point-to-point links has been + corrected. Formerly, <tt class="LITERAL">me</tt> filter + rules would match the remote IP address of a + point-to-point interface in addition to the intended + local IP address (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-01:53). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a>, which could + allow a process to read sensitive information from + another process's memory space, has been closed (see + security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:55). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">PARANOID</tt> hostname + checking in <b class="APPLICATION">tcp_wrappers</b> now + works as advertised (see security advisory + FreeBSD-SA-01:56). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A local root exploit in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendmail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span></a> has been + closed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:57). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A remote root vulnerability in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpd</span>(8)</span></a> has been closed + (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:58). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A race condition in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmuser&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rmuser</span>(8)</span></a> that briefly + exposed a world-readable <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/master.passwd</tt> has been fixed (see + security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:59). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A vulnerability in <b class="APPLICATION">UUCP</b> has + been closed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:62). All + non-<tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>-owned binaries in + standard system paths now have the <tt class= + "LITERAL">schg</tt> flag set to prevent exploit vectors + when run by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a>, by <tt class= + "USERNAME">root</tt>, or by a user other then the one + owning the binary. In addition, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uustat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">uustat</span>(1)</span></a> is now run + via <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/periodic/daily/410.status-uucp</tt> as + <tt class="USERNAME">uucp</tt>, not <tt class= + "USERNAME">root</tt>. In FreeBSD -CURRENT, <b class= + "APPLICATION">UUCP</b> has since been moved to the Ports + Collection and no longer a part of the base system. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in the form of a buffer overflow in + the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=semop&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">semop</span>(2)</span></a> system call + has been closed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A security hole in <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b>, + which could allow users to execute code with arbitrary + privileges if <tt class="LITERAL">UseLogin yes</tt> was + set, has been closed. Note that the default value of this + setting is <tt class="LITERAL">UseLogin no</tt>. (See + security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:63.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The use of an insecure temporary directory by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> could permit + a local attacker to modify the contents of binary + packages while they were being installed. This hole has + been closed. (See security advisory FreeBSD-SA-02:01.) + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A race condition in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a>, which could + expose the contents of <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/master.passwd</tt>, has been eliminated. + (See security advisory FreeBSD-SA-02:02.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=k5su&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">k5su</span>(8)</span></a> could have + allowed a process that had given up superuser privileges + to regain them. This bug has been fixed. (See security + advisory FreeBSD-SA-02:07.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p>An ``off-by-one'' bug has been fixed in <b class= + "APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b>'s multiplexing code. This bug + could have allowed an authenticated remote user to cause + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> to execute + arbitrary code with superuser privileges, or allowed a + malicious SSH server to execute arbitrary code on the + client system with the privileges of the client user. + (See security advisory <a href= + "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:13.openssh.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:13</a>.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A programming error in <b class="APPLICATION">zlib</b> + could result in attempts to free memory multiple times. + The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=malloc&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">malloc</span>(3)</span></a>/<a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=free&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">free</span>(3)</span></a> routines used + in FreeBSD are not vulnerable to this error, but + applications receiving specially-crafted blocks of + invalid compressed data could be made to function + incorrectly or abort. This <b class= + "APPLICATION">zlib</b> bug has been fixed. For a + workaround and solutions, see security advisory <a href= + "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:18.zlib.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:18</a>. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="USERLAND">2.3 Userland + Changes</a></h2> + + <p>If the first argument to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ancontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ancontrol</span>(8)</span></a> or <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wicontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wicontrol</span>(8)</span></a> doesn't + start with a <tt class="LITERAL">-</tt>, it is assumed to + be an interface.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=apmd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">apmd</span>(8)</span></a> now has the + ability to monitor battery levels and execute commands + based on percentage or minutes of battery life remaining + via the <tt class="LITERAL">apm_battery</tt> + configuration directive. See the commented-out examples + in <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/apmd.conf</tt> for the + syntax. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">arp</span>(8)</span></a> now prints the + applicable interface name for each ARP entry. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">arp</span>(8)</span></a> now prints <tt + class="LITERAL">[fddi]</tt> or <tt class= + "LITERAL">[atm]</tt> tags for addresses on interfaces of + those types.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atacontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">atacontrol</span>(8)</span></a> has been + added to control various aspects of the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The system <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">awk</span>(1)</span></a> refers to <b + class="APPLICATION">BWK awk</b> on the sparc64 platform. + It remains <b class="APPLICATION">GNU awk</b> on other + platforms.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> option for multisession mode + (the default behavior now is to close disks as + single-session). A <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> option to + take a list of image files from a filename was also + added; <tt class="FILENAME">-</tt> can be used as a + filename for <tt class="LITERAL">stdin</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + Disk At Once (DAO) mode, selectable via the <tt class= + "OPTION">-d</tt> flag.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now has the + ability to write VCDs/SVCDs.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=c89&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">c89</span>(1)</span></a> has been + converted from a shell script to a binary executable, + fixing some minor bugs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cat</span>(1)</span></a> now has the + ability to read from UNIX-domain sockets. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cdcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="LITERAL">cdid</tt> command, which + calculates and displays the CD serial number, using the + same algorithm used by the CDDB database. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cdcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now uses + the <tt class="ENVAR">CDROM</tt> environment variable to + pick a default device. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cdcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports <tt class="LITERAL">next</tt> and <tt class= + "LITERAL">prev</tt> commands to skip forwards or + backwards a specified number of tracks while playing an + audio CD. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chflags</span>(1)</span></a> has moved + from <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin</tt> to <tt class= + "FILENAME">/bin</tt>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chio&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chio</span>(1)</span></a> now has the + ability to specify elements by volume tag instead of by + their physical location as well as the ability to return + an element to its previous location. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chmod</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> for changing the mode of a + symbolic link.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chown&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chown</span>(8)</span></a> now correctly + follows symbolic links named as command line arguments if + run without <tt class="OPTION">-R</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chown&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chown</span>(8)</span></a> no longer + takes <tt class="LITERAL">.</tt> as a user/group + delimeter. This change was made to support usernames + containing a <tt class="LITERAL">.</tt>.</p> + + <p>Use of the <tt class="LITERAL">CSMG_*</tt> macros no + longer require inclusion of <tt class= + "FILENAME"><sys/param.h></tt></p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=col&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">col</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-p</tt> flag to force unknown control + sequences to be passed through unchanged. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt> distribution + has been updated to include libraries present in FreeBSD + 3.5.1-RELEASE. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> distribution has + been added for compatibility with FreeBSD 4-STABLE.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> is now better + about converting various warnings that should have been + errors into actual fatal errors with an exit code. This + ensures that <tt class="LITERAL">make buildkernel</tt> + doesn't quietly ignore them and build a bogus kernel + without a human to read the errors. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A number of buffer overflows in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> have been + fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ctags</span>(1)</span></a> no longer + creates a corrupt tags file if the source file used <tt + class="LITERAL">//</tt> (C++-style) comments. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> program, a + command-line interface to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(3)</span></a>, has been + added. It detaches itself from its controlling terminal + and executes a program specified on the command line. + This allows the user to run an arbitrary program as if it + were written to be a daemon.</p> + + <p>devinfo, a simple tool to print the device tree and + resource usage by devices, has been added.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-l</tt> option to only display information + about locally-mounted filesystems. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports partition sizes expressed in kilobytes, + megabytes, or gigabytes, in addition to sectors. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=diskpart&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">diskpart</span>(8)</span></a> has been + declared obsolete, and has been removed.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dmesg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dmesg</span>(8)</span></a> now has a <tt + class="OPTION">-a</tt> option to show the entire message + buffer, including <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> records and + <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/console</tt> output. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=du&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">du</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-I</tt> command-line flag to ignore/skip + files and subdirectories matching a specified shell-glob + mask. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + inheritance of the <tt class="LITERAL">nodump</tt> flag + down a hierarchy. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="OPTION">-T</tt> option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> no longer + swallows an extra argument. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> has a new <tt + class="OPTION">-D</tt> option, allowing the path to the + <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/dumpdates</tt> file to be + changed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now supplies + progress information in its process title, useful for + monitoring automated backups. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + new <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> to allow it to just print + out the dump size estimates and exit.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=edquota&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">edquota</span>(8)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-f</tt> option to allow limiting the + prototype quota distribution (specified with <tt class= + "OPTION">-p</tt>) to a single filesystem. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.firewall</tt> and <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.firewall6</tt> will no longer + add their own hardcoded rules in the cases of a rules + file in the <tt class="VARNAME">firewall_type</tt> + variable or a non-existent firewall type. (The motivation + for this change is to avoid acting on assumptions about a + site's firewall policies.) In addition, the <tt class= + "LITERAL">closed</tt> firewall type now works as + documented in the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.firewall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.firewall</span>(8)</span></a> manual + page. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The functionality of <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/security</tt> has been been moved into a + set of scripts under the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=periodic&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">periodic</span>(8)</span></a> framework, + to make local customization easier and more maintainable. + These scripts now reside in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/periodic/security/</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fbtab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fbtab</span>(5)</span></a> now accepts + glob matching patterns for target devices, not just + individual devices and directories.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdread&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fdread</span>(1)</span></a>, a program to + read data from floppy disks, has been added. It is a + counterpart to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdwrite&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fdwrite</span>(1)</span></a> and is + designed to provide a means of recovering at least some + data from bad media, and to obviate for a complex + invocation of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> now takes the + <tt class="OPTION">-empty</tt> flag, which returns true + if a file or directory is empty. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> now takes the + <tt class="OPTION">-iname</tt> and <tt class= + "OPTION">-ipath</tt> primaries for case-insensitive + matches, and the <tt class="OPTION">-regexp</tt> and <tt + class="OPTION">-iregexp</tt> primaries for + regular-expression matches. The <tt class= + "OPTION">-E</tt> flag now enables extended regular + expressions. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> now has the <tt + class="OPTION">-anewer</tt>, <tt class= + "OPTION">-cnewer</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-mnewer</tt>, + <tt class="OPTION">-okdir</tt>, and <tt class= + "OPTION">-newer[acm][acmt]</tt> primaries for comparisons + of file timestamps. The latter primaries can be specified + with various units of time. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now has the + ability to support fingering aliases, via the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">finger.conf</span>(5)</span></a> file. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now has + support for a <tt class="FILENAME">.pubkey</tt> file.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fmt</span>(1)</span></a> has been + rewritten; the rewrite fixes a number of bugs compared to + its prior behavior. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmtcheck&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fmtcheck</span>(3)</span></a>, a function + for checking consistency of format string arguments, has + been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> wrappers have + been imported; this feature provides infrastructure for + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> to work on + different types of filesystems (analogous to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a>).</p> + + <p>The behavior of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> when dealing + with various passes (a la <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>) has been modified to + accommodate multiple-disk filesystems.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> now has support + for foreground (<tt class="OPTION">-F</tt>) and + background (<tt class="OPTION">-B</tt>) checks. + Traditionally, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> is invoked + before the filesystems are mounted and all checks are + done to completion at that time. If background checking + is available, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> is invoked + twice. It is first invoked at the traditional time, + before the filesystems are mounted, with the <tt class= + "OPTION">-F</tt> flag to do checking on all the + filesystems that cannot do background checking. It is + then invoked a second time, after the system has + completed going multiuser, with the <tt class= + "OPTION">-B</tt> flag to do checking on all the + filesystems that can do background checking. Unlike the + foreground checking, the background checking is started + asynchronously so that other system activity can proceed + even on the filesystems that are being checked. Boot-time + enabling of this feature is controlled by the <tt class= + "VARNAME">background_fsck</tt> option in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p> + + <p>Shortly after the receipt of a <tt class= + "LITERAL">SIGINFO</tt> signal (normally control-T from + the controlling tty), <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck_ffs</span>(8)</span></a> will now + output a line indicating the current phase number and + progress information relevant to the current phase. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck_ffs</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports background filesystem checks to mounted FFS + filesystems with the <tt class="OPTION">-B</tt> option + (softupdates must be enabled on these filesystems). The + <tt class="OPTION">-F</tt> flag now determines whether a + specified filesystem needs foreground checking.</p> + + <p>A new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck_msdosfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck_msdosfs</span>(8)</span></a> utility + has been added to check the consistency of MS-DOS + filesystems. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt> flag for read-only mode and a + <tt class="OPTION">-E</tt> flag to disable <tt class= + "LITERAL">EPSV</tt>. It also has some fixes to reduce + information leakage and the ability to specify + compile-time port ranges. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + <tt class="OPTION">-o</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-O</tt> + options to disable the <tt class="LITERAL">RETR</tt> + command; the former for everybody, and the latter only + for guest users. Coupled with <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> + and appropriate file permissions, these can be used to + create a relatively safe anonymous FTP drop box for + others to upload to.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprogname&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">getprogname</span>(3)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setprogname&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">setprogname</span>(3)</span></a> library + functions have been added to manipulate the name of the + current program. They are used by error-reporting + routines to produce consistent output. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gprof&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gprof</span>(1)</span></a> now has a <tt + class="OPTION">-K</tt> option to enable dynamic symbol + resolution from the currently-running kernel. With this + change, properly-compiled KLD modules are now able to be + profiled.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">growfs</span>(8)</span></a>, a utility + for growing FFS filesystems, has been added. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ffsinfo&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ffsinfo</span>(8)</span></a>, a utility + for dump all the meta-information of an existing + filesystem, has also been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=groups&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">groups</span>(1)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whoami&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">whoami</span>(1)</span></a> shell scripts + are now unnecessary; their functionality has been + completely folded into <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">id</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ibcs2&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ibcs2</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linux&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">linux</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=osf1&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">osf1</span>(8)</span></a>, and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=svr4&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">svr4</span>(8)</span></a> scripts, whose + sole purpose was to load emulation kernel modules, have + been removed. The kernel module system will automatically + load them as needed to fulfill dependencies.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> has gained + some new formatting options. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> can set the + link-layer address of an interface using the <tt class= + "OPTION">link</tt> parameter. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> can now + accept addresses in slash/CIDR notation. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> now has + support for setting parameters for IEEE 802.11 wireless + network devices. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> devices are + supported, and partial support is provided for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">awi</span>(4)</span></a> devices. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> no longer + displays the list of supported media by default. Instead + it displays it when the <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> flag + is given. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The syntax of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a>'s support for + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=faithd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">faithd</span>(8)</span></a> is now + compatible with that of other BSDs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">ident</tt> protocol support in + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> has been + cleaned up and updated. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> now has the + ability to manage UNIX-domain sockets. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=install&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">install</span>(1)</span></a> has a number + of new features, including the <tt class="OPTION">-b</tt> + and <tt class="OPTION">-B</tt> options for backing up + existing target files and the <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> + option for ``safe'' (atomic copy) operation. The <tt + class="OPTION">-c</tt> (copy) flag is now the default, + and the <tt class="OPTION">-D</tt> (debugging) flag has + been withdrawn. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=install&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">install</span>(1)</span></a> now issues a + warning if <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> (create + directories) and <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> (copy changed + files only) are used together. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>IP Filter is now supported by the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> boot-time + configuration and initialization. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfstat&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfstat</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + the <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt> option to turn on a <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a>-like display. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> will now avoid + the display of dynamic firewall rules unless the <tt + class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag is passed to it. The <tt + class="OPTION">-e</tt> option lists expired dynamic + rules. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> has a new + feature (<tt class="LITERAL">me</tt>) that allows for + packet matching on interfaces with dynamically-changing + IP addresses. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> has a new <tt + class="LITERAL">limit</tt> type of firewall rule, which + limits the number of sessions between address pairs. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> filter rules + can now match on the value of the IPv4 precedence + field.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> now has the + ability to use a preprocessor and use the <tt class= + "OPTION">-q</tt> (quiet) flag when reading from a file. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kenv&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">kenv</span>(1)</span></a>, a command to + dump the kernel environment, has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=keyinfo&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">keyinfo</span>(1)</span></a> is now a C + program, rather than a Perl script. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a> is now a C + program, rather than a Perl script. As a result, its <tt + class="OPTION">-m</tt> option now uses the regular + expression syntax of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=regex&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">regex</span>(3)</span></a>, rather than + that of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=perl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">perl</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a> now allows + non-root users to kill SUID root processes that they + started, the same as the Perl version did. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">kldconfig</span>(8)</span></a> utility + has been added to make it easier to manipulate the kernel + module search path. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>ktrdump, a utility to dump the ktr trace buffer from + userland, has been added.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=last&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">last</span>(1)</span></a> now implements + a <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> that provides a ``snapshot'' + of who was logged in at a particular date and time. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=last&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">last</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-y</tt> flag, which causes the year to + be included in the session start time.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lastlogin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lastlogin</span>(8)</span></a> utility, + which prints the last login time of each user, has been + imported from NetBSD. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ldconfig</span>(8)</span></a> now checks + directory ownerships and permissions for greater + security; these checks can be disabled with the <tt + class="OPTION">-i</tt> flag. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ldd</span>(1)</span></a> can now be used + on shared libraries, in addition to executables. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ldd</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> flag to list all the objects + that are needed by each loaded object.</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libc</tt> is now thread-safe by + default; <tt class="FILENAME">libc_r</tt> contains only + thread functions.</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libcrypt</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">libdescrypt</tt> have been unified to provide + a configurable password authentication hash library. Both + the md5 and des hash methods are provided unless the des + hash is specifically compiled out. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libcrypt</tt> now has support for + Blowfish password hashing. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libstand</tt> now has support for + filesystems containing <b class= + "APPLICATION">bzip2</b>-compressed files. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libstand</tt> now has support for + overwriting the contents of a file on a UFS filesystem + (it cannot expand or truncate files because the + filesystem may be dirty or inconsistent).</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libstand</tt> now has support for + loading large kernels and modules split across several + physical media.</p> + + <p>The default TCP port range used by <tt class= + "FILENAME">libfetch</tt> for passive FTP retrievals has + changed; this affects the behavior of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>, which has + gained the <tt class="OPTION">-U</tt> option to restore + the old behavior. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libfetch</tt> now has support for + an authentication callback. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libfetch</tt> now has support for + a <tt class="ENVAR">HTTP_USER_AGENT</tt> environment + variable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libgmp</tt> has been superceded + by <tt class="FILENAME">libmp</tt>.</p> + + <p>The functions from <tt class= + "FILENAME">libposix1e</tt> have been integrated into <tt + class="FILENAME">libc</tt>.</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libusb</tt> has been renamed as + <tt class="FILENAME">libusbhid</tt>, following NetBSD's + naming conventions. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ln&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ln</span>(1)</span></a> now takes an <tt + class="OPTION">-i</tt> option to request user + confirmation before overwriting an existing file. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ln&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ln</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-h</tt> flag to avoid following a target + that is a link, with a <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> flag + for compatibility with other implementations. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">logger</span>(1)</span></a> can now send + messages directly to a remote syslog. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=login&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">login</span>(1)</span></a> now exports + environment variables set by <b class= + "APPLICATION">PAM</b> modules. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpc</span>(8)</span></a> has been + improved; <tt class="COMMAND">lpc clean</tt> is now + somewhat safer, and a new <tt class="COMMAND">lpc + tclean</tt> command has been added to check to see what + files would be removed by <tt class="COMMAND">lpc + clean</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpd</span>(8)</span></a> now takes two + new options: <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt> will log all + connection errors to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>, while <tt + class="OPTION">-W</tt> will allow connections from + non-reserved ports. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpd</span>(8)</span></a> now has some + support for <tt class="LITERAL">o</tt>-type print-file + actions in its control files, which allows printing of + PostScript files generated by <b class= + "APPLICATION">MacOS</b> 10.1. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpr</span>(1)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpq&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpq</span>(1)</span></a>, and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpd</span>(8)</span></a> have received a + few minor enhancements. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Catching up with most other network utilities in the + base system, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpr</span>(1)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lpd</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>, and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">logger</span>(1)</span></a> are now all + IPv6-capable. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="COMMAND">lprm -</tt> now works for remote + printer queues. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> can produce + colorized listings with the <tt class="OPTION">-G</tt> + flag (and appropriate terminal support). The <tt class= + "ENVAR">CLICOLOR</tt> environment variable can be set to + enable colorized listings by default. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mail&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mail</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-E</tt> flag to avoid sending messages + with empty bodies. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> has gained the + <tt class="LITERAL">:C///</tt> (regular expression + substitution), <tt class="LITERAL">:L</tt> (lowercase), + and <tt class="LITERAL">:U</tt> (uppercase) variable + modifiers. These were added to reduce the differences + between the FreeBSD and OpenBSD/NetBSD <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> programs. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Bugs in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a>, among which + include broken null suffix behavior, bad assumptions + about current directory permissions, and potential buffer + overflows, have been fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The new <tt class="VARNAME">CPUTYPE</tt> <tt class= + "FILENAME">make.conf</tt> variable controls the + compilation of processor-specific optimizations in + various pieces of code such as <b class= + "APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt> + infrastructure now supports the <tt class= + "VARNAME">WARNS</tt> directive from NetBSD. This + directive controls the addition of compiler warning flags + to <tt class="VARNAME">CFLAGS</tt> in a relatively + compiler-neutral manner. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> is no longer + installed SUID <tt class="USERNAME">man</tt>, in order to + reduce vulnerabilities associated with generating + ``catpages'' (preformatted manual pages cached for + repeated viewing). As a result, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> can no longer + create system catpages on a regular user's behalf. It is + still able to do so if the user has write permissions to + the directory holding catpages (e.g. a user's own + manpages) or if the running user is <tt class= + "USERNAME">root</tt>.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> command has + been added; it is a wrapper around <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>, and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> that mimics + the command line option set of the deprecated <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_mfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mount_mfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mergemaster&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mergemaster</span>(8)</span></a> now + sources an <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/mergemaster.rc</tt> + file and also prompts the user to run recommended + commands (such as <tt class="COMMAND">newaliases</tt>) as + needed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> option to control mouse + acceleration. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> now includes + support for a file that lists pathnames to be excluded + when creating and verifying prototypes. This makes it + easier to use <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> as a part of + an intrusion-detection system. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-log_ipfw_denied</tt> option to log + packets that cannot be re-injected because they are + blocked by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> rules. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The ``in use'' percentage metric displayed by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a> now really + reflects the percentage of network mbufs used. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a> now has a + <tt class="OPTION">-W</tt> flag that tells it not to + truncate addresses, even if they're too long for the + column they're printed in. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a> now keeps + track of input and output packets on a per-address basis + for each interface. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a> now has a + <tt class="OPTION">-z</tt> flag to reset statistics. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a> now has a + <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> flag to print address + numerically but port names symbolically. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> now implements + write combining, which can make creation of new + filesystems up to seven times faster. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-U</tt> option to enable softupdates + on a new filesystem. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default number of cylinders per group in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> is now + computed to be the maximum allowable given the current + filesystem parameters. It can be overridden with the <tt + class="OPTION">-c</tt> option. Formerly, the default was + fixed at 16. This change leads to better <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> performance and + reduced fragmentation. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a name="NEWFS-BLOCK-FRAG-SIZES"></a>The default block + and fragment sizes for new filesystems created by <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> are now 16384 + and 2048 bytes, respectively (the old defaults were 8192 + and 1024 bytes). This change generally provides increased + performance, at the expense of some wasted disk space. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A number of archaic features of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> have been + removed; these implement tuning features that are + essentially useless on modern hard disks. These features + were controlled by the <tt class="OPTION">-O</tt>, <tt + class="OPTION">-d</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-k</tt>, <tt + class="OPTION">-l</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt>, <tt + class="OPTION">-p</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt>, <tt + class="OPTION">-t</tt>, and <tt class="OPTION">-x</tt> + flags.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a> now has + the ability to compress log files using <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">NFS</b> now works over + IPv6.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ngctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ngctl</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">write</tt> command to send a data + packet down a given hook. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">nl</span>(1)</span></a>, a line numbering + filter program, has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">nsswitch</b> support has been + merged from NetBSD. By creating an <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsswitch.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">nsswitch.conf</span>(5)</span></a> file, + FreeBSD can be configured so that various databases such + as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> can be looked + up using flat files, NIS, or Hesiod. The old <tt class= + "FILENAME">hosts.conf</tt> file is no longer used.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> support has been added + for account management and sessions.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> configuration is now + specified by files in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/pam.d/</tt>, rather than a single <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/pam.conf</tt> file. <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/pam.d/README</tt> has more details.</p> + + <p>A number of new <b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> modules + have been added.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(1)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> now select the + password hash algorithm at run time. See the <tt class= + "LITERAL">passwd_format</tt> attribute in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/login.conf</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pax&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pax</span>(1)</span></a> has received a + number of enhancements, including <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpio&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cpio</span>(1)</span></a> functionality, + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> compatibility + enhancements, <tt class="OPTION">-z</tt> and <tt class= + "OPTION">-Z</tt> flags for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=compress&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">compress</span>(1)</span></a> + functionality, and a number of bug fixes.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pciconf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pciconf</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-v</tt> option to display the + vendor/device information of configured devices, in + conjunction with the <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> option. + The default vendor/device database can be found at <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/share/misc/pci_vendors</tt>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The behavior of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=periodic&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">periodic</span>(8)</span></a> is now + controlled by <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/defaults/periodic.conf</tt> and <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/periodic.conf</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> option to set the TTL of + outgoing packets. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> option to beep when packets + are lost. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Userland <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> has received a + number of updates and bug fixes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> has gained the + <tt class="LITERAL">tcpmssfixup</tt> option, which + adjusts outgoing and incoming TCP SYN packets so that the + maximum receive segment size is no larger than allowed by + the interface MTU. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + IPv6.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pppd</span>(8)</span></a> (the control + program for kernel-level PPP) is now installed mode <tt + class="LITERAL">4550</tt> and <tt class= + "USERNAME">root</tt><tt class="LITERAL">:</tt><tt class= + "GROUPNAME">dialer</tt>, rather than mode <tt class= + "LITERAL">4555</tt> (in other words, it is no longer + world-executable). Users of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pppd</span>(8)</span></a> may need to + change their group settings. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="OPTION">-W</tt> option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> (to extract + information from a specified swap device) has been + useless for some time; it has been removed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pwd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pwd</span>(1)</span></a> can now double + as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=realpath&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">realpath</span>(1)</span></a>, a program + to resolve pathnames to their underlying physical paths. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The pseudo-random number generator implemented by <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rand&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rand</span>(3)</span></a> has been + improved to provide less biased results.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a> now has an + framework for handling dependencies between <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> variables. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a> now deletes all + non-directory files in <tt class="FILENAME">/var/run</tt> + and <tt class="FILENAME">/var/spool/lock</tt> at boot + time. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rcmd&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rcmd</span>(3)</span></a> now supports + the use of the <tt class="ENVAR">RSH</tt> environment + variable to specify a program to use other than <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rsh</span>(1)</span></a> for remote + execution. As a result, programs such as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a>, can use <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a> for remote + transport.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rdist&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rdist</span>(1)</span></a> has been + retired from the base system, but is still available from + FreeBSD Ports Collection as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/44bsd-rdist/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/44bsd-rdist</tt></a>.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a> in FreeBSD + now implements EDNS0 support, which will be necessary + when working with IPv6 transport-ready resolvers/DNS + servers. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rfork_thread&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rfork_thread</span>(3)</span></a> library + call has been added as a helper function to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rfork&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rfork</span>(2)</span></a>. Using this + function should avoid the need to implement complex stack + swap code. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="OPTION">-v</tt> option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a> now displays the + entire pathname of a file being removed.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">route</span>(8)</span></a> is now more + verbose when changing indirect routes, in the case of a + gateway route that is the same route as the one being + modified. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">route</span>(8)</span></a> now uses <tt + class="LITERAL"><tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>host</i></tt>/<tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>bits</i></tt></tt> syntax instead of <tt + class="LITERAL"><tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>net</i></tt>/<tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>bits</i></tt></tt> syntax, for + compatibility with <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">route</span>(8)</span></a> can now create + ``proxy only'' published ARP entries. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">route</span>(8)</span></a> <tt class= + "OPTION">add</tt> command now supports the <tt class= + "OPTION">-ifp</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-ifa</tt> + modifiers. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcbind&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rpcbind</span>(8)</span></a> has replaced + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portmap&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">portmap</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcgen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rpcgen</span>(1)</span></a> now uses <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/cpp</tt> (as on NetBSD), not + <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/libexec/cpp</tt>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpc.lockd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rpc.lockd</span>(8)</span></a> has been + imported from NetBSD. This daemon provides support for + servicing client NFS locks.</p> + + <p>The performance of the ELF dynamic linker <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> has been + improved. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>RSA Security has waived all patent rights to the <b + class="APPLICATION">RSA</b> algorithm. As a result, the + native <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> implementation + of the RSA algorithm is now activated by default, and the + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/rsaref/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">security/rsaref</tt></a> port and + the <tt class="FILENAME">librsaUSA</tt> and <tt class= + "FILENAME">librsaINTL</tt> libraries are no longer + required for USA and non-USA residents respectively. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> will now print + the names of all objects that cause each object to be + loaded, if the <tt class= + "VARNAME">LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_ALL</tt> environment + variable is defined.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-k</tt> option to prevent + clearing a crash dump after saving it. It also attempts + to avoid writing large stretches of zeros to crash dump + files to save space and time. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a> now works + correctly on machines with 2 GB or more of RAM. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a <tt + class="OPTION">-E</tt> option for extended regular + expression support. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> option to include a file into + the <tt class="LITERAL">Fix:</tt> section of a problem + report. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setfacl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">setfacl</span>(1)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getfacl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">getfacl</span>(1)</span></a> commands + have been added to manage filesystem Access Control + Lists.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setproctitle&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">setproctitle</span>(3)</span></a> has + been moved from <tt class="FILENAME">libutil</tt> to <tt + class="FILENAME">libc</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> now implements + <tt class="COMMAND">test</tt> as a built-in command for + improved efficiency. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> no longer + implements <tt class="COMMAND">printf</tt> as a built-in + command because it was considered less valuable compared + to the other built-in commands (this functionality is, of + course, still available through the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(1)</span></a> + executable).</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sockstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sockstat</span>(1)</span></a> now has <tt + class="OPTION">-c</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> + flags for listing connected and listening sockets, + respectively. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=split&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">split</span>(1)</span></a> now has the + ability to split a file longer than 2GB. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>In preparation for meeting SUSv2/POSIX <tt class= + "FILENAME"><sys/select.h></tt> requirements, <tt + class="LITERAL">struct selinfo</tt> and related functions + have been moved to <tt class= + "FILENAME"><sys/selinfo.h></tt>.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strnstr&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">strnstr</span>(3)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strcasestr&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">strcasestr</span>(3)</span></a> variants + of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strstr&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">strstr</span>(3)</span></a> have been + implemented. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stty&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">stty</span>(1)</span></a> now has support + for an <tt class="LITERAL">erase2</tt> control character, + so that, for example, both the <b class= + "KEYCAP">Delete</b> and <b class="KEYCAP">Backspace</b> + keys can be used to erase characters. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=style.perl&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">style.perl</span>(7)</span></a>, a style + guide for Perl code in the FreeBSD base system, has been + added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> now uses <b + class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> for authentication.</p> + + <p>Boot-time <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> + configuration was moved to a machine-independent <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.syscons</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-N</tt> option to print out variable + names only. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> has replaced + the <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> and <tt class= + "OPTION">-X</tt> options with <tt class="OPTION">-ao</tt> + and <tt class="OPTION">-ax</tt> respectively; the former + options are now deprecated. The <tt class= + "OPTION">-w</tt> option is deprecated as well; it is not + needed to determine the user's intentions. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-e</tt> option to separate variable + names and values by <tt class="LITERAL">=</tt> rather + than <tt class="LITERAL">:</tt>. This feature is useful + for producing output that can be fed back to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now + properly preserves <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/mail</tt> + during a binary upgrade. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now uses + some more intuitive defaults thanks to some new dialog + support functions. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default root partition in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> is now + 100MB on the i386 and 120MB on the Alpha.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now lives + in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin</tt>, which simplifies + the installation process. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> manpage + is also installed in a more consistent fashion now.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now has + the ability to load KLDs as a part of the installation. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>When run from the installation media, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> will + automatically load any device drivers found in the <tt + class="FILENAME">/stand/modules</tt> directory of the <tt + class="LITERAL">mfsroot</tt> floppy or filesystem image. + Note that any drivers so loaded will not appear in the + kernel's boot messages; the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> debugging + screen will provide additional information. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now + enables Soft Updates by default on all filesystems it + creates, except for the root filesystem. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> has + received updates for its ``auto'' partitioning mode which + provide more reasonable defaults for the sizes of + partitions that are created; auto-sized partitions can + now also recover the space that becomes available when + other partitions are deleted. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> can take a + <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option to disable DNS queries + for every request. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="LITERAL">LOG_CONSOLE</tt> facility (disabled + by default), which can be used to log <tt class= + "FILENAME">/dev/console</tt> output. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> now has the + ability to bind to a specific address (as opposed to + using every available one) via the <tt class= + "OPTION">-b</tt> option. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> now accepts + a <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt> flag to disable repeated + line compression. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tail&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tail</span>(1)</span></a> now has the + ability to work on files longer than 2GB. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> now supports the + <tt class="VARNAME">TAR_RSH</tt> variable, principally to + enable the use of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a> as a transport. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnet&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">telnet</span>(1)</span></a> now does + autologin and encryption by default; a new <tt class= + "OPTION">-y</tt> option turns off encryption.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnet&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">telnet</span>(1)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-u</tt> flag to allow connections to + UNIX-domain (<tt class="LITERAL">AF_UNIX</tt>) sockets. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now takes the + <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> + options, which allow the server to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> based on the + IP address of the connecting client. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tftp</span>(1)</span></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> can now + transfer files larger than 65535 blocks. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + RFC 2349 (TFTP Timeout Interval and Transfer Size + Options); this feature is required by some firmware like + EFI boot managers (at least on HP i2000 Itanium servers) + in order to boot an image using <b class= + "APPLICATION">TFTP</b>.</p> + + <p>A version of Transport Independent RPC (<b class= + "APPLICATION">TI-RPC</b>) has been imported.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tmpnam&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tmpnam</span>(3)</span></a> will now use + the <tt class="ENVAR">TMPDIR</tt> environment variable, + if set, to specify the location of temporary files. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tip</span>(1)</span></a> has been updated + from <b class="APPLICATION">OpenBSD</b>, and has the + ability to act as a <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cu</span>(1)</span></a> substitute.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> will now use the + full width of its tty.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=touch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">touch</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> option to operate on a + symbolic link, rather than what the link points to.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=truncate&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">truncate</span>(1)</span></a> utility, + which truncates or extends the length of files, has been + added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Ukrainian language support has been added to the + FreeBSD console. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">UUCP</b> has been removed from + the base system. It can be found in the Ports Collection, + in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/freebsd-uucp/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/freebsd-uucp</tt></a>.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=units&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">units</span>(1)</span></a> has received + some updates and bugfixes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=usbdevs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">usbdevs</span>(8)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag to show the device + driver associated with each device.</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=usbhidctl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">usbhidctl</span>(1)</span></a> utility + has been added to manipulate USB Human Interface Devices. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uudecode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">uudecode</span>(1)</span></a> now accepts + a <tt class="OPTION">-o</tt> option to set its output + file.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vidcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-g</tt> parameter to select + custom text geometry in the <tt class= + "LITERAL">VESA_800x600</tt> raster text mode. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vidcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + allows the user to omit the font size specification when + loading a font, and has some better error-handling. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vidcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-p</tt> option to take a + snapshot of a <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> video + buffer. These snapshots can be manipulated by the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/graphics/scr2png/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">graphics/scr2png</tt></a> utility in + the Ports Collection. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vidcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> option to clear the + history buffer for a given tty, as well as a <tt class= + "OPTION">-h</tt> option to set the size of the history + buffer. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default stripe size in <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(8)</span></a> has been + changed from 256KB to 279KB, to spread out superblocks + more evenly between stripes.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">wall</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-g</tt> flag to write a message to all + users of a given group. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=watch&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">watch</span>(8)</span></a> now takes a + <tt class="OPTION">-f</tt> option to specify a <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">snp</span>(4)</span></a> device to use. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=which&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">which</span>(1)</span></a> is now a C + program, rather than a Perl script.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whois&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">whois</span>(1)</span></a> now directs + queries for IP addresses to ARIN. If a query to ARIN + references APNIC or RIPE, the appropriate server will + also be queried, provided that the <tt class= + "OPTION">-Q</tt> option is not specified. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whois&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">whois</span>(1)</span></a> supports a <tt + class="OPTION">-c</tt> option to specify a country code + to help direct queries towards a particular whois server. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a + <tt class="OPTION">-J</tt> <tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>replstr</i></tt> option that allows the + user to tell <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> to insert the + data read from standard input at a specific point in the + command line arguments rather than at the end. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The compiler chain now uses the FSF-supplied C/C++ + runtime initialization code. This change brings about + better compatibility with code generated from the various + egcs and gcc ports, as well as the stock public FSF + source. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The threads library has gained some signal handling + changes, bug fixes, and performance enhancements + (including zero system call thread switching). <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gdb</span>(1)</span></a> thread support + has been updated to match these changes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Significant additions have been made to + internationalization support; FreeBSD now has complete + locale support for the <tt class= + "LITERAL">LC_MONETARY</tt>, <tt class= + "LITERAL">LC_NUMERIC</tt>, and <tt class= + "LITERAL">LC_MESSAGES</tt> categories. A number of + applications have been updated to take advantage of this + support.</p> + + <p>Locale names have been changed to improve + compatibility with the names used by X11R6, as well as a + number of other UNIX versions. As an example, the <tt + class="LITERAL">en_US.ISO_8859-1</tt> locale name has + been changed to <tt class="LITERAL">en_US.ISO8859-1</tt>. + Entries in <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/locale.alias</tt> + provide backward compatibility. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/share/examples/BSD_daemon/</tt> now + contains a scalable Beastie graphic. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>As part of an ongoing process, many manual pages were + improved, both in terms of their formatting markup and in + their content. [MERGED]</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN2668">2.3.1 Contributed + Software</a></h3> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">am-utils</b> has been updated + to 6.0.7.</p> + + <p>A 10 February 2002 snapshot of <b class= + "APPLICATION">awk</b> from Bell Labs (variously known + as ``BWK awk'' or ``The One True AWK'') has been + imported. It is available as <tt class= + "COMMAND">awk</tt> on the sparc64 architecture, and <tt + class="COMMAND">nawk</tt> on other architectures.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">bc</b> has been updated from + 1.04 to 1.06. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The ISC library from the <b class= + "APPLICATION">BIND</b> distribution is now built as <tt + class="FILENAME">libisc</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> is now built with + the <tt class="LITERAL">NOADDITIONAL</tt> flag, which + causes <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> to operate + in a more consistent fashion for certain common + misconfigurations. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated to + 8.3.1-REL. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> has been updated + to 2.12.0.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">bzip2</b> 1.0.2 has been + imported; this brings the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a> program and + the <tt class="FILENAME">libbz2</tt> library to the + base system. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ee</span>(1)</span></a> <b class= + "APPLICATION">Easy Editor</b> has been updated to + 1.4.2. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">file</b> has been updated to + 3.37.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">gcc</b> has been updated to a + snapshot of the 2.95 development branch from 20 March + 2002 (this snapshot includes changes made after the + release of <b class="APPLICATION">gcc</b>2.95.3).</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gcc&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gcc</span>(1)</span></a> now uses a + unified <tt class="FILENAME">libgcc</tt> rather than a + separate one for threaded and non-threaded programs. + <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/lib/libgcc_r.a</tt> can be + removed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gcc&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gcc</span>(1)</span></a> now supports + the environment variable <tt class= + "ENVAR">GCC_OPTIONS</tt>, which can hold a set of + default options for <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">GNATS</b> has been updated to + 3.113. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU awk</b> has been updated + to 3.1.0. It is available as <tt class= + "COMMAND">gawk</tt> on the sparc64 architecture, and as + <tt class="COMMAND">awk</tt> on other + architectures.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">gperf</b> has been updated to + 2.7.2.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">groff</b> and its related + utilities have been updated to FSF version 1.17.2. This + import brings in a new <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdoc&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mdoc</span>(7)</span></a> macro package + (sometimes referred to as <tt class= + "LITERAL">mdocNG</tt>), which removes many of the + limitations of its predecessor. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b> has been updated + to 0.3f.</p> + + <p>The version of <b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> + provided with FreeBSD now includes the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ipfs</span>(8)</span></a> program, + which allows state information created for NAT entries + and stateful rules to be saved to disk and restored + after a reboot. Boot-time configuration of these + features is supported by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> client has + been updated to 3.0.1RC8.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Kerberos IV</b> has been + updated to 1.0.5. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=more&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">more</span>(1)</span></a> command has + been replaced by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=less&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">less</span>(1)</span></a>, although it + can still be run as <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>. + [MERGED] Version 371 of <b class="APPLICATION">less</b> + has been imported.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> has been updated + to 0.6.2. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">libreadline</b> has been + updated to 4.2.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">libz</b> has been updated to + 1.1.4.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">lint</b> has been updated to + snapshot of NetBSD <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lint&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lint</span>(1)</span></a> as of 3 March + 2002.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftp</b> (the FTP client + from NetBSD) has replaced the FreeBSD <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ftp</span>(1)</span></a> program. Among + its new features are more automation methods, better + standards compliance, transfer rate throttling, and a + customizable command-line prompt. Some environment + variables and command-line arguments have changed.</p> + + <p>The FTP daemon from NetBSD, otherwise known as <b + class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b>, has been imported + and is available as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lukemftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">lukemftpd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">ncurses</b> has been updated + to 5.2-20010512.</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> suite of programs + has been updated to 4.1.0. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> (``Centaury'' + release) has been imported, replacing <b class= + "APPLICATION">Linux-PAM</b>.</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">OPIE</b> + one-time-password suite has been updated to 2.4. It has + completely replaced the functionality of <b class= + "APPLICATION">S/Key</b>.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> has been updated to + version 5.6.1.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> has been + updated to version 2.22. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sort&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sort</span>(1)</span></a> from <b + class="APPLICATION">NetBSD</b> (as of 22 March 2002) is + now the system sorting program, replacing <b class= + "APPLICATION">GNU sort</b>.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> has been updated + to 3.6.3. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">csh</span>(1)</span></a> shell has been + replaced by <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tcsh</span>(1)</span></a>, although it + can still be run as <tt class="COMMAND">csh</tt>. <b + class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> has been updated to + version 6.11. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The contributed version of <b class= + "APPLICATION">tcp_wrappers</b> now includes the <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">tcpd</span>(8)</span></a> helper + daemon. While not strictly necessary in a standard + FreeBSD installation (because <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> already + incorporates this functionality), this may be useful + for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> replacements + such as <b class="APPLICATION">xinetd</b>.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">texinfo</b> has been updated + to 4.1. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">top</b> has been updated to + version 3.5b12.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">traceroute</span>(8)</span></a> now + takes its default maximum TTL value from the <tt class= + "VARNAME">net.inet.ip.ttl</tt> sysctl variable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The timezone database has been updated to the <tt + class="FILENAME">tzdata2002c</tt> release. [MERGED]</p> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN2838">2.3.1.1 + CVS</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">cvs</b> has been updated to + 1.11.1p1. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default value for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a>'s <tt class= + "ENVAR">CVS_RSH</tt> variable is now <tt class= + "LITERAL">ssh</tt>, rather than <tt class= + "LITERAL">rsh</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> now supports + a <tt class="OPTION">-T</tt> option to update a + sandbox's <tt class="FILENAME">CVS/Template</tt> file + from the repository. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> <tt class= + "LITERAL">diff</tt> now supports the <tt class= + "OPTION">-j</tt> option to perform differences + against a revision relative to a branch tag. + [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN2861">2.3.1.2 + CVSup</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">CVSup</b>, a frequently + used utility in the FreeBSD Ports Collection, was + formerly installable using several ports and + packages. The <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/cvsup-bin/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/cvsup-bin</tt></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/cvsupd-bin/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/cvsupd-bin</tt></a> + ports/packages are no longer necessary or available; + the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/cvsup/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/cvsup</tt></a> port should + be used instead. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">CVSup</b> has been updated + to 16.1_3, which is available in the FreeBSD Ports + Collection as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/cvsup/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/cvsup</tt></a>. This update + fixes a long-standing (but only recently encountered) + bug which affects the timestamps on all files after + Sun Sep 9 01:46:40 UTC 2001 (1,000,000,000 seconds + after the UNIX epoch). [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="KAME-USERLAND">2.3.1.3 + KAME</a></h4> + + <p>The IPv6 stack is now based on a snapshot based on + the KAME Project's IPv6 snapshot as of 28 May, 2001. + Most of the items listed in this section are a result + of this import. <a href="#KAME-KERNEL">Section + 2.1.9.3</a> lists kernel updates to the KAME IPv6 + stack. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=faithd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">faithd</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a configuration file for access control. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> can now + perform the functions of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">gifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> can now + perform the functions of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=prefix&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">prefix</span>(8)</span></a>. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=prefix&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">prefix</span>(8)</span></a> is now a + shell script for partial backwards compatibility. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ndp</span>(8)</span></a> now + implements garbage collection for stale NDP entries, + as described in RFC 2461 (Neighbor Discovery for IP + Version 6 (IPv6)). [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pim6dd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pim6dd</span>(8)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pim6sd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pim6sd</span>(8)</span></a> have been + removed due to restrictive licensing conditions. + These programs are available in the ports collection + as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/pim6dd/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/pim6dd</tt></a> and <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/pim6sd/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/pim6sd</tt></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route6d&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">route6d</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports an <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> flag to avoid + updating the kernel forwarding table. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="OPTION">-R</tt> (router + renumbering) option to <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtadvd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rtadvd</span>(8)</span></a> is + currently ignored. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN2919">2.3.1.4 + OpenSSH</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been + updated to 2.9, which provides support for the SSH2 + protocol (now the default) and DSA keys. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-add</span>(1)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-agent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-agent</span>(1)</span></a> can + now handle DSA keys, with support for authentication + forwarding. <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> users + in the USA no longer need to rely on the + restrictively-licensed RSAREF toolkit which is + required to handle RSA keys. Among other new + features: A client and server for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sftp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sftp</span>(1)</span></a> has been + added. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=scp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">scp</span>(1)</span></a> can now + handle files larger than 2 GBytes. A limit on the + number of outstanding, unauthenticated connections in + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> has been + added. Support has been added for the Rijndael + encryption algorithm. Rekeying of existing sessions + is now supported, and an experimental <b class= + "APPLICATION">SOCKS4</b> proxy has been added to <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been + updated to version 3.1. Among the changes:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">*2</tt> files are + obsolete (for example, <tt class= + "FILENAME">~/.ssh/known_hosts</tt> can hold the + contents of <tt class= + "FILENAME">~/.ssh/known_hosts2</tt>).</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-keygen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-keygen</span>(1)</span></a> + can import and export keys using the SECSH Public + Key File Format, for key exchange with several + commercial SSH implementations.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-add</span>(1)</span></a> now + adds all three default keys.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-keygen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-keygen</span>(1)</span></a> + no longer defaults to a specific key type; one + must be specified with the <tt class= + "OPTION">-t</tt> option.</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> can now + authenticate using <b class="APPLICATION">OPIE</b> + passwords.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> support for <b + class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been added.</p> + + <p>A long-standing bug in <b class= + "APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b>, which sometimes resulted + in a dropped session when an X11-forwarded client was + closed, was fixed.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Kerberos</b> compatibility + has been added to <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been + modified to be more resistant to traffic analysis by + requiring that ``non-echoed'' characters are still + echoed back in a null packet, as well as by padding + passwords sent so as not to hint at password lengths. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> is now + enabled by default on new installs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> <tt class= + "LITERAL">X11Forwarding</tt> is now turned on by + default on the server (any risk is to the client, + where it is already disabled by default). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>In <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</tt>, + the <tt class="LITERAL">ConnectionsPerPeriod</tt> + parameter has been deprecated in favor of <tt class= + "LITERAL">MaxStartups</tt>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> now has a <tt + class="LITERAL">VersionAddendum</tt> configuration + setting for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> to allow + changing the part of the <b class= + "APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> version string after the + main version number.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN3001">2.3.1.5 + OpenSSL</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> has been + updated to 0.9.6c.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> now has support + for machine-dependent ASM optimizations, activated by + the new <tt class="VARNAME">MACHINE_CPU</tt> and/or + <tt class="VARNAME">CPUTYPE</tt> <tt class= + "FILENAME">make.conf</tt> variables. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a name="AEN3010">2.3.1.6 + sendmail</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been + updated from version 8.9.3 to version 8.12.2. + Important changes include: <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendmail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span></a> is no + longer installed as a set-user-ID root binary (now + set-group-ID smmsp); new default file locations (see + <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README</tt>); + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newaliases&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">newaliases</span>(1)</span></a> is + limited to <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> and trusted + users; STARTTLS encryption; and the MSA port (587) is + turned on by default. See <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES</tt> + for more information. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mail.local&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">mail.local</span>(8)</span></a> is no + longer installed as a set-user-ID binary. If you are + using a <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</tt> from the + default <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt> + included with FreeBSD any time after 3.1.0, you are + fine. If you are using a hand-configured <tt class= + "FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt> and <tt class= + "COMMAND">mail.local</tt> for delivery, check to make + sure the <tt class="LITERAL">F=S</tt> flag is set on + the <tt class="LITERAL">Mlocal</tt> line. Those with + <tt class="FILENAME">.mc</tt> files who need to add + the flag can do so by adding the following line to + their <tt class="FILENAME">.mc</tt> file and + regenerating the <tt class= + "FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt> file:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + MODIFY_MAILER_FLAGS(`LOCAL',`+S')dnl +</pre> + + <p>Note that <tt class= + "LITERAL">FEATURE(`local_lmtp')</tt> already does + this. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default <tt class= + "FILENAME">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</tt> disables the + SMTP <tt class="LITERAL">EXPN</tt> and <tt class= + "LITERAL">VRFY</tt> commands. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vacation&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">vacation</span>(1)</span></a> has + been updated to use the version included with <b + class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> + configuration building tools are installed in <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/share/sendmail/cf/</tt>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>New <tt class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt> options: + <tt class="VARNAME">SENDMAIL_MC</tt> and <tt class= + "VARNAME">SENDMAIL_ADDITIONAL_MC</tt>. See <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</tt> for + more information. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/mail/Makefile</tt> now + supports: the new <tt class= + "VARNAME">SENDMAIL_MC</tt> <tt class= + "FILENAME">make.conf</tt> option; the ability to + build <tt class="FILENAME">.cf</tt> files from <tt + class="FILENAME">.mc</tt> files; generalized map + rebuilding; rebuilding the aliases file; and the + ability to stop, start, and restart <b class= + "APPLICATION">sendmail</b>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <tt class="USERNAME">smmsp</tt> and <tt class= + "USERNAME">mailnull</tt> users have been added to <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/master.passwd</tt>. In the + absence of a <tt class="LITERAL">confDEF_USER_ID</tt> + setting, by default, <b class= + "APPLICATION">sendmail</b> will use the <tt class= + "USERNAME">mailnull</tt> user for extra security. + Previously, if the <tt class="USERNAME">mailnull</tt> + user did not exist, the <tt class= + "USERNAME">daemon</tt> user was used. This change may + generate some permissions issues when mailing to + files or to programs (such as <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/majordomo/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">mail/majordomo</tt></a>). + [MERGED] The previous behavior can be restored by + adding the following line to a system's <tt class= + "FILENAME"><tt class= + "REPLACEABLE"><i>*</i></tt>.mc</tt> configuration + file:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + define(`confDEF_USER_ID', `daemon') +</pre> + <br> + <br> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="AEN3076">2.3.2 + Ports/Packages Collection</a></h3> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">BSDPAN</b>, a collection of + modules that provides tighter integration of <b class= + "APPLICATION">Perl</b> into the FreeBSD Ports + Collection, has been added.</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> can now + work with packages that have been compressed using <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> will use + the PACKAGEROOT environment variable to determine a + mirror site for new packages. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a> now + records dependencies in dependency order rather than in + the order specified on the command line. This improves + the functioning of <tt class="COMMAND">pkg_add -r</tt>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-b</tt> to create a + package file from a locally-installed package. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>When requested to delete multiple packages, <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_delete&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_delete</span>(1)</span></a> will + now attempt to remove them in dependency order rather + than the order specified on the command line. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_delete&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_delete</span>(1)</span></a> now can + perform glob/regexp matching of package names. In + addition, it supports a <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> + option for removing all packages and a <tt class= + "OPTION">-i</tt> option for <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a>-style + interactive confirmation. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_delete&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_delete</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt> option for + recursive package removal. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports globbing against names of installed packages. + The <tt class="OPTION">-G</tt> option disables this + behavior, and the <tt class="OPTION">-x</tt> option + causes regular expression matching instead of shell + globbing. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a> can now + accept a <tt class="OPTION">-g</tt> flag for verifying + an installed package against its recorded checksums (to + see if it's been modified post-installation). + Naturally, this mechanism is only as secure as the + contents of <tt class="FILENAME">/var/db/pkg</tt> if + it's to be used for auditing purposes. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_sign&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_sign</span>(1)</span></a> and <a + href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_check&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_check</span>(1)</span></a> have + been added to digitally sign and verify the signatures + on binary package files. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_update&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_update</span>(1)</span></a>, a + utility to update installed packages and update their + dependencies, has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a> now + has a version number comparison routine that + corresponds to the Porters Handbook. It also has a <tt + class="OPTION">-t</tt> option for testing address + comparisons. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a> now + takes a <tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> flag to limit its + operation to ports/packages matching a given string. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Version numbers of installed packages have a new + (backward-compatible) syntax, which supports the <tt + class="VARNAME">PORTREVISION</tt> and <tt class= + "VARNAME">PORTEPOCH</tt> variables in Ports Collection + <tt class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>s. These changes help + keep track of changes in the ports collection entries + such as security patches or FreeBSD-specific updates, + which aren't reflected in the original, third-party + software distributions. <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a> can + now compare these new-style version numbers. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>To improve performance and disk utilization, the + ``ports skeletons'' in the FreeBSD Ports Collection + have been restructured. Installed ports and packages + should not be affected. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>All packages and ports now contain an ``origin'' + directive, which makes it easier for programs such as + <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a> to + determine the directory from which a package was built. + [MERGED]</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN3169">3 Upgrading from + previous releases of FreeBSD</a></h1> + + <p>If you're upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, + you generally will have three options:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>Using the binary upgrade option of <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-current"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class= + "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>. This + option is perhaps the quickest, although it presumes + that your installation of FreeBSD uses no special + compilation options.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Performing a complete reinstall of FreeBSD. + Technically, this is not an upgrading method, and in + any case is usually less convenient than a binary + upgrade, in that it requires you to manually backup and + restore the contents of <tt class="FILENAME">/etc</tt>. + However, it may be useful in cases where you want (or + need) to change the partitioning of your disks.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>From source code in <tt class= + "FILENAME">/usr/src</tt>. This route is more flexible, + but requires more disk space, time, and more technical + expertise. Upgrading from very old versions of FreeBSD + may be problematic; in cases like this, it is usually + more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a + complete reinstall.</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br> + <br> + + <p>Please read the <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> + file for more information, preferably <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> beginning + an upgrade. If you are upgrading from source, please be + sure to read <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> as + well.</p> + + <p>Finally, if you want to use one of various means to + track the -STABLE or -CURRENT branches of FreeBSD, please + be sure to consult the <a href= + "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html" + target="_top">``-CURRENT vs. -STABLE''</a> section of the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target= + "_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>.</p> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of + course, only be attempted after backing up <span class= + "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span> data and + configuration files.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <hr> + + <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related + documents, can be downloaded from <a href= + "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> + before contacting <<a href= + "mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 5-CURRENT + should subscribe to the <<a href= + "mailto:current@FreeBSD.org">current@FreeBSD.org</a>> + mailing list.</small></small></p> + + <p align="center">For questions about this documentation, + e-mail <<a href= + "mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</p> + <br> + <br> + </body> +</html> + diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/relnotes.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/relnotes.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..18e736815e --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/DP1/relnotes.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional-Based Extension//EN" [ +<!ENTITY base CDATA "../../.."> +<!ENTITY date "$FreeBSD: www/en/releases/5.0R/DP1/relnotes.sgml,v 1.3 2005/10/04 06:52:23 murray Exp $"> +<!ENTITY title "FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 Release Notes"> +<!ENTITY % navinclude.download "INCLUDE"> +]> +<html> + &header; + + <p>The release notes for FreeBSD are customized for different + platforms, as some of the changes made to FreeBSD apply only to + specific processor architectures.</p> + + <p>Release notes for FreeBSD 5.0-DP1 are available for the following + platforms:</p> + + <ul> + <li><a href="relnotes-i386.html">i386</a></li> + <li><a href="relnotes-alpha.html">alpha</a></li> + <li><a href="relnotes-sparc64.html">sparc64</a></li> + </ul> + + <p>A list of all platforms currently under development can be found + on the <a href="../../../platforms/index.html">Supported + Platforms</a> page.</p> + + &footer; + +</body> +</html> |