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diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/installation-sparc64.html b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/installation-sparc64.html deleted file mode 100644 index 87b70ff8dc..0000000000 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/installation-sparc64.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1245 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> - <head> - <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /> - <title>FreeBSD/sparc64 5.0-RELEASE Installation - Instructions</title> - <meta name="GENERATOR" - content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 " /> - <link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /> - </head> - - <body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" - link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> - <div class="ARTICLE"> - <div class="TITLEPAGE"> - <h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/sparc64 - 5.0-RELEASE Installation Instructions</a></h1> - - <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3> - - <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, - 2003 by The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p> - <hr /> - </div> - - <blockquote class="ABSTRACT"> - <div class="ABSTRACT"> - <a id="AEN11" name="AEN11"></a> - - <p>This article gives some brief instructions on - installing FreeBSD/sparc64 5.0-RELEASE, with particular - emphasis given to obtaining a FreeBSD distribution. Some - notes on troubleshooting and frequently-asked questions - are also given.</p> - </div> - </blockquote> - - <div class="SECT1"> - <hr /> - - <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1 - Installing FreeBSD</a></h1> - - <p>This section documents the process of installing a new - distribution of FreeBSD. These instructions pay particular - emphasis to the process of obtaining the FreeBSD - 5.0-RELEASE distribution and to beginning the installation - procedure. The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install.html" - target="_top">``Installing FreeBSD''</a> chapter of the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" - target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a> provides more in-depth - information about the installation program itself, - including a guided walkthrough with screenshots.</p> - - <p>If you are upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, - please see <a href="#UPGRADING">Section 3</a> for - instructions on upgrading.</p> - - <div class="SECT2"> - <hr /> - - <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" - name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1 Getting Started</a></h2> - - <p>Probably the most important pre-installation step that - can be taken is that of reading the various instruction - documents provided with FreeBSD. A roadmap of documents - pertaining to this release of FreeBSD can be found in <tt - class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>, which can usually be - found in the same location as this file; most of these - documents, such as the release notes and the hardware - compatibility list, are also accessible in the - Documentation menu of the installer.</p> - - <p>Note that on-line versions of the FreeBSD <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/" - target="_top">FAQ</a> and <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" - target="_top">Handbook</a> are also available from the - <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">FreeBSD - Project Web site</a>, if you have an Internet - connection.</p> - - <p>This collection of documents may seem daunting, but - the time spent reading them will likely be saved many - times over. Being familiar with what resources are - available can also be helpful in the event of problems - during installation.</p> - - <p>The best laid plans sometimes go awry, so if you run - into trouble take a look at <a href="#TROUBLE">Section - 4</a>, which contains valuable troubleshooting - information. You should also read an updated copy of <tt - class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> before installing, since - this will alert you to any problems which have reported - in the interim for your particular release.</p> - - <div class="IMPORTANT"> - <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> - <p><b>Important:</b> While FreeBSD does its best to - safeguard against accidental loss of data, it's still - more than possible to <span class="emphasis"><i - class="EMPHASIS">wipe out your entire disk</i></span> - with this installation if you make a mistake. Please - do not proceed to the final FreeBSD installation menu - unless you've adequately backed up any important data - first.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - </div> - - <div class="SECT2"> - <hr /> - - <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN36" name="AEN36">1.2 Hardware - Requirements</a></h2> - - <p>FreeBSD for the UltraSPARC supports the platforms - described in <tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>.</p> - - <p>You will need a dedicated disk for FreeBSD/sparc64. It - is not possible to share a disk with another operating - system at this time.</p> - - <p>If you are not familiar with configuring hardware for - FreeBSD, you should be sure to read the <tt - class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> file; it contains - important information on what hardware is supported by - FreeBSD.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT2"> - <hr /> - - <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3 - Floppy Disk Image Instructions</a></h2> - </div> - - <div class="SECT2"> - <hr /> - - <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" - name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4 Installing FreeBSD from - CDROM or the Internet</a></h2> - - <p>Most sparc64 systems are set up to boot automatically - from disk. To install FreeBSD, you need to boot over the - network or from a CDROM, which requires you to break into - the PROM (OpenFirmware).</p> - - <p>To do this, reboot the system, and wait until the boot - message appears. It depends on the model, but should look - about like:</p> -<pre class="SCREEN"> - Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present - Copyright 1998-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. - OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132. - Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4. -</pre> - - <p>If your system proceeds to boot from disk at this - point, you need to press <b class="KEYCAP">L1</b>+<b - class="KEYCAP">A</b> or <b class="KEYCAP">Stop</b>+<b - class="KEYCAP">A</b> on the keyboard, or send a <tt - class="COMMAND">BREAK</tt> over the serial console (using - for example <tt class="COMMAND">~#</tt> in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">tip</span>(1)</span></a> or <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">cu</span>(1)</span></a>) to get to - the PROM prompt. It looks like this:</p> -<pre class="SCREEN"> - <tt class="PROMPT">ok </tt> <a id="PROMPT-SINGLE" -name="PROMPT-SINGLE"><b>(1)</b></a> - <tt class="PROMPT">ok {0}</tt> <a id="PROMPT-SMP" -name="PROMPT-SMP"><b>(2)</b></a> -</pre> - - <div class="CALLOUTLIST"> - <dl compact="COMPACT"> - <dt><a href="#PROMPT-SINGLE"><b>(1)</b></a></dt> - - <dd>This is the prompt used on systems with just one - CPU.</dd> - - <dt><a href="#PROMPT-SMP"><b>(2)</b></a></dt> - - <dd>This is the prompt used on SMP systems, the digit - indicates the number of the active CPU.</dd> - </dl> - </div> - - <p>At this point, place the CDROM into your drive, and - from the PROM prompt, type <tt class="COMMAND">boot - cdrom</tt>.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT2"> - <hr /> - - <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN209" name="AEN209">1.5 Detail - on various installation types</a></h2> - - <p>Once you've gotten yourself to the initial - installation screen somehow, you should be able to follow - the various menu prompts and go from there. If you've - never used the FreeBSD installation before, you are also - encouraged to read some of the documentation in the - Documentation submenu as well as the general ``Usage'' - instructions on the first menu.</p> - - <div class="NOTE"> - <blockquote class="NOTE"> - <p><b>Note:</b> If you get stuck at a screen, press - the <b class="KEYCAP">F1</b> key for online - documentation relevant to that specific section.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - - <p>If you've never installed FreeBSD before, or even if - you have, the ``Standard'' installation mode is the most - recommended since it makes sure that you'll visit all the - various important checklist items along the way. If - you're much more comfortable with the FreeBSD - installation process and know <span class="emphasis"><i - class="EMPHASIS">exactly</i></span> what you want to do, - use the ``Express'' or ``Custom'' installation options. - If you're upgrading an existing system, use the - ``Upgrade'' option.</p> - - <p>The FreeBSD installer supports the direct use of - floppy, DOS, tape, CDROM, FTP, NFS and UFS partitions as - installation media; further tips on installing from each - type of media are listed below.</p> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN248" name="AEN248">1.5.1 - Installing from a Network CDROM</a></h3> - - <p>If you simply wish to install from a local CDROM - drive then see <a href="#START-INSTALLATION">Section - 1.4</a>. If you don't have a CDROM drive on your system - and wish to use a FreeBSD distribution CD in the CDROM - drive of another system to which you have network - connectivity, there are also several ways of going - about it:</p> - - <ul> - <li> - <p>If you would be able to FTP install FreeBSD - directly from the CDROM drive in some FreeBSD - machine, it's quite easy: You simply add the - following line to the password file (using the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a> - command):</p> -<pre class="SCREEN"> - ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin -</pre> - - <p>On the machine on which you are running the - install, go to the Options menu and set Release - Name to <tt class="LITERAL">any</tt>. You may then - choose a Media type of <tt class="LITERAL">FTP</tt> - and type in <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<tt - class="REPLACEABLE"><i>machine</i></tt></tt> after - picking ``URL'' in the ftp sites menu.</p> - - <div class="WARNING"> - <blockquote class="WARNING"> - <p><b>Warning:</b> This may allow anyone on the - local network (or Internet) to make ``anonymous - FTP'' connections to this machine, which may - not be desirable.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - </li> - - <li> - <p>If you would rather use NFS to export the CDROM - directly to the machine(s) you'll be installing - from, you need to first add an entry to the <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> file (on the - machine with the CDROM drive). The example below - allows the machine <tt - class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> to mount the - CDROM directly via NFS during installation:</p> -<pre class="SCREEN"> - /cdrom -ro ziggy.foo.com -</pre> - - <p>The machine with the CDROM must also be - configured as an NFS server, of course, and if - you're not sure how to do that then an NFS - installation is probably not the best choice for - you unless you're willing to read up on <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> - and configure things appropriately. Assuming that - this part goes smoothly, you should be able to - enter: <tt class="FILENAME"><tt - class="REPLACEABLE"><i>cdrom-host</i></tt>:/cdrom</tt> - as the path for an NFS installation when the target - machine is installed, e.g. <tt - class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p> - </li> - </ul> - </div> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN280" name="AEN280">1.5.2 - Installing from Floppies</a></h3> - - <p>If you must install from floppy disks, either due to - unsupported hardware or just because you enjoy doing - things the hard way, you must first prepare some - floppies for the install.</p> - - <p>First, make your boot floppies as described in <a - href="#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a>.</p> - - <p>Second, peruse <a href="#LAYOUT">Section 2</a> and - pay special attention to the ``Distribution Format'' - section since it describes which files you're going to - need to put onto floppy and which you can safely - skip.</p> - - <p>Next you will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB - floppies as it takes to hold all files in the <tt - class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution) - directory. If you're preparing these floppies under - DOS, then these floppies <span class="emphasis"><i - class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> be formatted using the - MS-DOS <tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt> command. If - you're using Windows, use the Windows File Manager - format command.</p> - - <div class="IMPORTANT"> - <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> - <p><b>Important:</b> Frequently, floppy disks come - ``factory preformatted''. While convenient, many - problems reported by users in the past have - resulted from the use of improperly formatted - media. Re-format them yourself, just to make - sure.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - - <p>If you're creating the floppies from another FreeBSD - machine, a format is still not a bad idea though you - don't need to put a DOS filesystem on each floppy. You - can use the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> - and <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> - commands to put a UFS filesystem on a floppy, as the - following sequence of commands illustrates:</p> -<pre class="SCREEN"> - <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt -class="USERINPUT"><b>fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440</b></tt> - <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt -class="USERINPUT"><b>disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3</b></tt> - <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt -class="USERINPUT"><b>newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/fd0</b></tt> -</pre> - - <p>After you've formatted the floppies for DOS or UFS, - you'll need to copy the files onto them. The - distribution files are split into chunks conveniently - sized so that 5 of them will fit on a conventional - 1.44MB floppy. Go through all your floppies, packing as - many files as will fit on each one, until you've got - all the distributions you want packed up in this - fashion. Each distribution should go into its own - subdirectory on the floppy, e.g.: <tt - class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p> - - <div class="IMPORTANT"> - <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> - <p><b>Important:</b> The <tt - class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> file also needs to go - on the first floppy of the <tt - class="FILENAME">bin</tt> set since it is read by - the installation program in order to figure out how - many additional pieces to look for when fetching - and concatenating the distribution. When putting - distributions onto floppies, the <tt - class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> file <span - class="emphasis"><i - class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> occupy the first - floppy of each distribution set. This is also - covered in <tt - class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - - <p>Once you come to the Media screen of the install, - select ``Floppy'' and you'll be prompted for the - rest.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN350" name="AEN350">1.5.4 - Installing from QIC/SCSI Tape</a></h3> - - <p>When installing from tape, the installation program - expects the files to be simply tar'ed onto it, so after - fetching all of the files for the distributions you're - interested in, simply use <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> to get - them onto the tape with a command something like - this:</p> -<pre class="SCREEN"> - <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>cd <tt -class="REPLACEABLE"><i>/where/you/have/your/dists</i></tt></b></tt> - <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt -class="USERINPUT"><b>tar cvf /dev/rsa0 <tt -class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist1</i></tt> .. <tt -class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist2</i></tt></b></tt> -</pre> - - <p>When you go to do the installation, you should also - make sure that you leave enough room in some temporary - directory (which you'll be allowed to choose) to - accommodate the <span class="emphasis"><i - class="EMPHASIS">full</i></span> contents of the tape - you've created. Due to the non-random access nature of - tapes, this method of installation requires quite a bit - of temporary storage. You should expect to require as - much temporary storage as you have stuff written on - tape.</p> - - <div class="NOTE"> - <blockquote class="NOTE"> - <p><b>Note:</b> When going to do the installation, - the tape must be in the drive <span - class="emphasis"><i - class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> booting from the - boot floppies. The installation ``probe'' may - otherwise fail to find it.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - - <p>Now create a boot floppy as described in <a - href="#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a> and proceed with the - installation.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5 - Installing over a Network using FTP or NFS</a></h3> - - <p>After making the boot floppies as described in the - first section, you can load the rest of the - installation over a network using one of 3 types of - connections: serial port, parallel port, or - Ethernet.</p> - - <div class="SECT4"> - <hr /> - - <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN375" - name="AEN375">1.5.5.1 Serial Port</a></h4> - - <p>SLIP support is rather primitive, and is limited - primarily to hard-wired links, such as a serial cable - running between two computers. The link must be - hard-wired because the SLIP installation doesn't - currently offer a dialing capability. If you need to - dial out with a modem or otherwise dialog with the - link before connecting to it, then I recommend that - the PPP utility be used instead.</p> - - <p>If you're using PPP, make sure that you have your - Internet Service Provider's IP address and DNS - information handy as you'll need to know it fairly - early in the installation process. You may also need - to know your own IP address, though PPP supports - dynamic address negotiation and may be able to pick - up this information directly from your ISP if they - support it.</p> - - <p>You will also need to know how to use the various - ``AT commands'' for dialing out with your particular - brand of modem as the PPP dialer provides only a very - simple terminal emulator.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT4"> - <hr /> - - <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN381" - name="AEN381">1.5.5.2 Parallel Port</a></h4> - - <p>If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD or - Linux machine is available, you might also consider - installing over a ``laplink'' style parallel port - cable. The data rate over the parallel port is much - higher than what is typically possible over a serial - line (up to 50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker - installation. It's not typically necessary to use - ``real'' IP addresses when using a point-to-point - parallel cable in this way and you can generally just - use RFC 1918 style addresses for the ends of the link - (e.g. <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt - class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, etc).</p> - - <div class="IMPORTANT"> - <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> - <p><b>Important:</b> If you use a Linux machine - rather than a FreeBSD machine as your PLIP peer, - you will also have to specify <tt - class="OPTION">link0</tt> in the TCP/IP setup - screen's ``extra options for ifconfig'' field in - order to be compatible with Linux's slightly - different PLIP protocol.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - </div> - - <div class="SECT4"> - <hr /> - - <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN392" - name="AEN392">1.5.5.3 Ethernet</a></h4> - - <p>FreeBSD supports many common Ethernet cards; a - table of supported cards is provided as part of the - FreeBSD Hardware Notes (see <tt - class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> in the - Documentation menu on the boot floppy or the top - level directory of the CDROM). If you are using one - of the supported PCMCIA Ethernet cards, also be sure - that it's plugged in <span class="emphasis"><i - class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> the laptop is - powered on. FreeBSD does not, unfortunately, - currently support ``hot insertion'' of PCMCIA cards - during installation.</p> - - <p>You will also need to know your IP address on the - network, the <tt class="OPTION">netmask</tt> value - for your subnet and the name of your machine. Your - system administrator can tell you which values are - appropriate to your particular network setup. If you - will be referring to other hosts by name rather than - IP address, you'll also need a name server and - possibly the address of a gateway (if you're using - PPP, it's your provider's IP address) to use in - talking to it. If you want to install by FTP via an - HTTP proxy (see below), you will also need the - proxy's address.</p> - - <p>If you do not know the answers to these questions - then you should really probably talk to your system - administrator <span class="emphasis"><i - class="EMPHASIS">first</i></span> before trying this - type of installation. Using a randomly chosen IP - address or netmask on a live network is almost - guaranteed not to work, and will probably result in a - lecture from said system administrator.</p> - - <p>Once you have a network connection of some sort - working, the installation can continue over NFS or - FTP.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT4"> - <hr /> - - <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN403" - name="AEN403">1.5.5.4 NFS installation tips</a></h4> - - <p>NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: - Simply copy the FreeBSD distribution files you want - onto a server somewhere and then point the NFS media - selection at it.</p> - - <p>If this server supports only ``privileged port'' - access (this is generally the default for Sun and - Linux workstations), you will need to set this option - in the Options menu before installation can - proceed.</p> - - <p>If you have a poor quality Ethernet card which - suffers from very slow transfer rates, you may also - wish to toggle the appropriate Options flag.</p> - - <p>In order for NFS installation to work, the server - must also support ``subdir mounts'', e.g. if your - FreeBSD distribution directory lives on <tt - class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, - then <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt> will have to allow - the direct mounting of <tt - class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, not - just <tt class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> or <tt - class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p> - - <p>In FreeBSD's <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> file this is - controlled by the <tt class="OPTION">-alldirs</tt> - option. Other NFS servers may have different - conventions. If you are getting <tt - class="LITERAL">Permission Denied</tt> messages from - the server then it's likely that you don't have this - properly enabled.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT4"> - <hr /> - - <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN420" - name="AEN420">1.5.5.5 FTP Installation tips</a></h4> - - <p>FTP installation may be done from any mirror site - containing a reasonably up-to-date version of - FreeBSD. A full menu of reasonable choices for almost - any location in the world is provided in the FTP site - menu during installation.</p> - - <p>If you are installing from some other FTP site not - listed in this menu, or you are having troubles - getting your name server configured properly, you can - also specify your own URL by selecting the ``URL'' - choice in that menu. A URL can contain a hostname or - an IP address, so something like the following would - work in the absence of a name server:</p> -<pre class="SCREEN"> - ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/sparc64/4.2-RELEASE -</pre> - - <p>There are three FTP installation modes you can - use:</p> - - <ul> - <li> - <p>FTP: This method uses the standard ``Active'' - mode for transfers, in which the server initiates - a connection to the client. This will not work - through most firewalls but will often work best - with older FTP servers that do not support - passive mode. If your connection hangs with - passive mode, try this one.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p>FTP Passive: This sets the FTP "Passive" mode - which prevents the server from opening - connections to the client. This option is best - for users to pass through firewalls that do not - allow incoming connections on random port - addresses.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p>FTP via an HTTP proxy: This option instructs - FreeBSD to use HTTP to connect to a proxy for all - FTP operations. The proxy will translate the - requests and send them to the FTP server. This - allows the user to pass through firewalls that do - not allow FTP at all, but offer an HTTP proxy. - You must specify the hostname of the proxy in - addition to the FTP server.</p> - - <p>In the rare case that you have an FTP proxy - that does not go through HTTP, you can specify - the URL as something like:</p> -<pre class="SCREEN"> - <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>ftp://foo.bar.com:<tt -class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt>/pub/FreeBSD</b></tt> -</pre> - - <p>In the URL above, <tt - class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt> is the port - number of the proxy FTP server.</p> - </li> - </ul> - <br /> - <br /> - </div> - </div> - </div> - - <div class="SECT2"> - <hr /> - - <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN463" name="AEN463">1.6 - Question and Answer Section for UltraSPARC Architecture - Users</a></h2> - </div> - </div> - - <div class="SECT1"> - <hr /> - - <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2 - Distribution Format</a></h1> - - <p>A typical FreeBSD distribution directory looks something - like this (exact details may vary depending on version, - architecture, and other factors):</p> -<pre class="SCREEN"> - ERRATA.HTM README.TXT compat1x dict kernel - ERRATA.TXT RELNOTES.HTM compat20 doc manpages - HARDWARE.HTM RELNOTES.TXT compat21 docbook.css packages - HARDWARE.TXT base compat22 filename.txt ports - INSTALL.HTM boot compat3x floppies proflibs - INSTALL.TXT catpages compat4x games src - README.HTM cdrom.inf crypto info tools -</pre> - - <p>If you want to do a CDROM, FTP or NFS installation from - this distribution directory, all you need to do is make the - 1.44MB boot floppies from the floppies directory (see <a - href="#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a> for instructions on how to - do this), boot them and follow the instructions. The rest - of the data needed during the installation will be obtained - automatically based on your selections. If you've never - installed FreeBSD before, you also want to read the - entirety of this document (the installation instructions) - file.</p> - - <p>If you're trying to do some other type of installation - or are merely curious about how a distribution is - organized, what follows is a more thorough description of - some of these items in more detail:</p> - - <ol type="1"> - <li> - <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> and <tt - class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> files contain documentation - (for example, this document is contained in both <tt - class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> and <tt - class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>) and should be read - before starting an installation. The <tt - class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> files are plain text, while - the <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> files are HTML - files that can be read by almost any Web browser. Some - distributions may contain documentation in other - formats as well, such as PDF or PostScript.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> is a Cascading - Style Sheet (CSS) file used by some Web browsers for - formatting the HTML documentation.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, and <tt - class="FILENAME">src</tt> directories contain the - primary distribution components of FreeBSD itself and - are split into smaller files for easy packing onto - floppies (should that be necessary).</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, and <tt - class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> directories contain - distributions for compatibility with older releases and - are distributed as single gzip'd tar files - they can - be installed during release time or later by running - their <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> scripts.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> subdirectory - contains the floppy installation images; further - information on using them can be found in <a - href="#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a>.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> and <tt - class="FILENAME">ports</tt> directories contain the - FreeBSD Packages and Ports Collections. Packages may be - installed from the packages directory by running the - command:</p> -<pre class="SCREEN"> - <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt><tt -class="USERINPUT"><b>/stand/sysinstall configPackages</b></tt> -</pre> - - <p>Packages can also be installed by feeding individual - filenames in <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ to the - <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> - command.</p> - - <p>The Ports Collection may be installed like any other - distribution and requires about 100MB unpacked. More - information on the ports collection may be obtained - from <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/" - target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/</a> or - locally from <tt - class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> if you've - installed the <tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt> - distribution.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p>Last of all, the <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> - directory contains various DOS tools for discovering - disk geometries, installing boot managers and the like. - It is purely optional and provided only for user - convenience.</p> - </li> - </ol> - <br /> - <br /> - - <p>A typical distribution directory (for example, the <tt - class="FILENAME">info</tt> distribution) looks like this - internally:</p> -<pre class="SCREEN"> - CHECKSUM.MD5 info.ab info.ad info.inf install.sh - info.aa info.ac info.ae info.mtree -</pre> - - <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> file contains - MD5 signatures for each file, should data corruption be - suspected, and is purely for reference. It is not used by - the actual installation and does not need to be copied with - the rest of the distribution files. The <tt - class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> files are split, gzip'd tar - files, the contents of which can be viewed by doing:</p> -<pre class="SCREEN"> - <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt -class="USERINPUT"><b>cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</b></tt> -</pre> - - <p>During installation, they are automatically concatenated - and extracted by the installation procedure.</p> - - <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> file is also - necessary since it is read by the installation program in - order to figure out how many pieces to look for when - fetching and concatenating the distribution. When putting - distributions onto floppies, the <tt - class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> file <span class="emphasis"><i - class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> occupy the first floppy of - each distribution set!</p> - - <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> file is another - non-essential file which is provided for user reference. It - contains the MD5 signatures of the <span - class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">unpacked</i></span> - distribution files and can be later used with the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> program to - verify the installation permissions and checksums against - any possible modifications to the file. When used with the - <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt> distribution, this can be an - excellent way of detecting trojan horse attacks on your - system.</p> - - <p>Finally, the <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> file - is for use by those who want to install the distribution - after installation time. To install the info distribution - from CDROM after a system was installed, for example, you'd - do:</p> -<pre class="SCREEN"> - <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt -class="USERINPUT"><b>cd /cdrom/info</b></tt> - <tt class="PROMPT">#</tt> <tt -class="USERINPUT"><b>sh install.sh</b></tt> -</pre> - </div> - - <div class="SECT1"> - <hr /> - - <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3 - Upgrading FreeBSD</a></h1> - - <p>These instructions describe a procedure for doing a - binary upgrade from an older version of FreeBSD.</p> - - <div class="WARNING"> - <blockquote class="WARNING"> - <p><b>Warning:</b> While the FreeBSD upgrade procedure - does its best to safeguard against accidental loss of - data, it is still more than possible to <span - class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">wipe out your - entire disk</i></span> with this installation! Please - do not accept the final confirmation request unless you - have adequately backed up any important data files.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - - <div class="IMPORTANT"> - <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> - <p><b>Important:</b> These notes assume that you are - using the version of <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> - supplied with the version of FreeBSD to which you - intend to upgrade. Using a mismatched version of <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> - is almost guaranteed to cause problems and has been - known to leave systems in an unusable state. The most - commonly made mistake in this regard is the use of an - old copy of <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> - from an existing installation to upgrade to a newer - version of FreeBSD. This is <span class="emphasis"><i - class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> recommended.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - - <div class="WARNING"> - <blockquote class="WARNING"> - <p><b>Warning:</b> Binary upgrades to FreeBSD - 5.0-RELEASE from FreeBSD 4-STABLE are not supported at - this time. There are some files present in a FreeBSD - 4-STABLE whose presence can be disruptive, but are not - removed by a binary upgrade. One notable example is - that an old <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt> - directory will cause C++ programs to compile - incorrectly (or not at all).</p> - - <p></p> - - <p>These upgrade instructions are provided for the use - of users upgrading from relatively recent FreeBSD - 5-CURRENT snapshots.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - - <div class="SECT2"> - <hr /> - - <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN664" name="AEN664">3.1 - Introduction</a></h2> - - <p>The upgrade procedure replaces distributions selected - by the user with those corresponding to the new FreeBSD - release. It preserves standard system configuration data, - as well as user data, installed packages and other - software.</p> - - <p>Administrators contemplating an upgrade are encouraged - to study this section in its entirety before commencing - an upgrade. Failure to do so may result in a failed - upgrade or loss of data.</p> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN668" name="AEN668">3.1.1 - Upgrade Overview</a></h3> - - <p>Upgrading of a distribution is performed by - extracting the new version of the component over the - top of the previous version. Files belonging to the old - distribution are not deleted.</p> - - <p>System configuration is preserved by retaining and - restoring the previous version of the following - files:</p> - - <p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">kerberosIV</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt - class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p> - - <p>The versions of these files which correspond to the - new version are moved to <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. The system - administrator may peruse these new versions and merge - components as desired. Note that many of these files - are interdependent, and the best merge procedure is to - copy all site-specific data from the current files into - the new.</p> - - <p>During the upgrade procedure, the administrator is - prompted for a location into which all files from <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt> are saved. In the event - that local modifications have been made to other files, - they may be subsequently retrieved from this - location.</p> - </div> - </div> - - <div class="SECT2"> - <hr /> - - <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN743" name="AEN743">3.2 - Procedure</a></h2> - - <p>This section details the upgrade procedure. Particular - attention is given to items which substantially differ - from a normal installation.</p> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN746" name="AEN746">3.2.1 - Backup</a></h3> - - <p>User data and system configuration should be backed - up before upgrading. While the upgrade procedure does - its best to prevent accidental mistakes, it is possible - to partially or completely destroy data and - configuration information.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN749" name="AEN749">3.2.2 - Mount Filesystems</a></h3> - - <p>The disklabel editor is entered with the nominated - disk's filesystem devices listed. Prior to commencing - the upgrade, the administrator should make a note of - the device names and corresponding mountpoints. These - mountpoints should be entered here. <span - class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Do not</i></span> - set the ``newfs flag'' for any filesystems, as this - will cause data loss.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN754" name="AEN754">3.2.3 - Select Distributions</a></h3> - - <p>When selecting distributions, there are no - constraints on which must be selected. As a general - rule, the <tt class="LITERAL">base</tt> distribution - should be selected for an update, and the <tt - class="LITERAL">man</tt> distribution if manpages are - already installed. Other distributions may be selected - beyond those originally installed if the administrator - wishes to add additional functionality.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4 - After Installation</a></h3> - - <p>Once the installation procedure has completed, the - administrator is prompted to examine the new - configuration files. At this point, checks should be - made to ensure that the system configuration is valid. - In particular, the <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> and <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> files should be - checked.</p> - </div> - </div> - - <div class="SECT2"> - <hr /> - - <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN764" name="AEN764">3.3 - Upgrading from Source Code</a></h2> - - <p>Those interested in an upgrade method that allows more - flexibility and sophistication should take a look at <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html" - target="_top">The Cutting Edge</a> in the FreeBSD - Handbook. This procedure involves rebuilding all of - FreeBSD from source code. It requires reliable network - connectivity, extra disk space, and time, but has - advantages for networks and other more complex - installations. This is roughly the same procedure as is - used for track the -STABLE or -CURRENT development - branches.</p> - - <p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> contains - important information on updating a FreeBSD system from - source code. It lists various issues resulting from - changes in FreeBSD that may affect an upgrade.</p> - - <p></p> - </div> - </div> - - <div class="SECT1"> - <hr /> - - <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4 - Troubleshooting</a></h1> - - <div class="SECT2"> - <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1 - Repairing an Existing FreeBSD Installation</a></h2> - - <p>FreeBSD features a ``Fixit'' option in the top menu of - the boot floppy. To use it, you will also need either a - <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt> image floppy, - generated in the same fashion as the boot floppy, or the - ``live filesystem'' CDROM; typically the second CDROM in - a multi-disc FreeBSD distribution.</p> - - <p>To invoke fixit, simply boot the <tt - class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> floppy, choose the - ``Fixit'' item and insert the fixit floppy or CDROM when - asked. You will then be placed into a shell with a wide - variety of commands available (in the <tt - class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> and <tt - class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt> directories) for - checking, repairing and examining filesystems and their - contents. Some UNIX administration experience <span - class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">is</i></span> - required to use the fixit option.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT2"> - <hr /> - - <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN785" name="AEN785">4.2 Common - Installation Problems for UltraSPARC Architecture - Users</a></h2> - </div> - </div> - </div> - <hr /> - - <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related - documents, can be downloaded from <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a>.</small></p> - - <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the - <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> - before contacting <<a - href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> - - <p align="center"><small>For questions about this - documentation, e-mail <<a - href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> - <br /> - <br /> - </body> -</html> - |