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diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/relnotes-pc98.html b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/relnotes-pc98.html deleted file mode 100644 index 582f0c2532..0000000000 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/relnotes-pc98.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3640 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> - <head> - <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /> - <title>FreeBSD/pc98 5.0-RELEASE Release Notes</title> - <meta name="GENERATOR" - content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 " /> - <link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /> - </head> - - <body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" - link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> - <div class="ARTICLE"> - <div class="TITLEPAGE"> - <h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/pc98 - 5.0-RELEASE Release Notes</a></h1> - - <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3> - - <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, - 2003 by The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p> - - <p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: - src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v - 1.467.2.8 2003/01/14 18:12:51 roam Exp $<br /> - </p> - - <div> - <div class="ABSTRACT"> - <a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a> - - <p>The release notes for FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE contain a - summary of recent changes made to the FreeBSD base - system on the 5-CURRENT development branch. Both - changes for kernel and userland are listed, as well as - applicable security advisories that were issued since - the last release. Some brief remarks on upgrading are - also presented.</p> - </div> - </div> - <hr /> - </div> - - <div class="TOC"> - <dl> - <dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt> - - <dt>1 <a href="#INTRO">Introduction</a></dt> - - <dt>2 <a href="#NEW">What's New</a></dt> - - <dd> - <dl> - <dt>2.1 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt> - - <dd> - <dl> - <dt>2.1.1 <a href="#AEN401">Processor/Motherboard - Support</a></dt> - - <dt>2.1.2 <a href="#AEN439">Bootloader - Changes</a></dt> - - <dt>2.1.3 <a href="#AEN462">Network Interface - Support</a></dt> - - <dt>2.1.4 <a href="#AEN727">Network - Protocols</a></dt> - - <dt>2.1.5 <a href="#AEN908">Disks and - Storage</a></dt> - - <dt>2.1.6 <a href="#AEN1150">Filesystems</a></dt> - - <dt>2.1.7 <a href="#AEN1247">PCCARD - Support</a></dt> - - <dt>2.1.8 <a href="#AEN1270">Multimedia - Support</a></dt> - - <dt>2.1.9 <a href="#AEN1301">Contributed - Software</a></dt> - </dl> - </dd> - - <dt>2.2 <a href="#SECURITY">Security-Related - Changes</a></dt> - - <dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt> - - <dd> - <dl> - <dt>2.3.1 <a href="#AEN3866">Contributed - Software</a></dt> - - <dt>2.3.2 <a href="#AEN4323">Ports/Packages - Collection Infrastructure</a></dt> - </dl> - </dd> - - <dt>2.4 <a href="#AEN4441">Release Engineering and - Integration</a></dt> - - <dt>2.5 <a href="#AEN4466">Documentation</a></dt> - </dl> - </dd> - - <dt>3 <a href="#UPGRADE">Upgrading from previous releases - of FreeBSD</a></dt> - </dl> - </div> - - <div class="SECT1"> - <hr /> - - <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1 - Introduction</a></h1> - - <p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD - 5.0-RELEASE on the NEC PC-98x1 hardware platform. It - describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of - FreeBSD. It also provides some notes on upgrading from - previous versions of FreeBSD.</p> - - <p>This distribution of FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE is a release - distribution. It can be found at <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" - target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> or any of its - mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other) - release distributions of FreeBSD can be found in the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html" - target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD'' appendix</a> to the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" - target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT1"> - <hr /> - - <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2 What's - New</a></h1> - - <p>This section describes many of the user-visible new or - changed features in FreeBSD since 4.0-RELEASE. It includes - items that are unique to the 5-CURRENT branch, as well as - some features that may have been recently merged to other - branches (after FreeBSD 4.6-RELEASE). The later items are - marked as [MERGED].</p> - - <p>Typical release note items document new drivers or - hardware support, new commands or options, major bugfixes, - or contributed software upgrades. Applicable security - advisories issued after 4.6-RELEASE are also listed.</p> - - <p>Many additional changes were made to FreeBSD that are - not listed here for lack of space. For example, - documentation was corrected and improved, minor bugs were - fixed, insecure coding practices were audited and - corrected, and source code was cleaned up.</p> - - <div class="SECT2"> - <hr /> - - <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.1 Kernel - Changes</a></h2> - - <p>Execution of <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=a.out&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">a.out</span>(5)</span></a> format - executables now requires the <tt - class="LITERAL">COMPAT_AOUT</tt> option in the kernel - configuration or the loading of the <tt - class="FILENAME">aout.ko</tt> kernel module.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acct&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">acct</span>(2)</span></a> has been - changed to open the accounting file in append mode, so - that <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=accton&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">accton</span>(8)</span></a> can be - used to enable accounting to an append-only file. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p>Preliminary support for Bluetooth devices has been - added, in the form of a series of Netgraph modules (see - <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bluetooth&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bluetooth</span>(4)</span></a>). - Two modules provide device driver support for Bluetooth - adapters: The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bt3c&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bt3c</span>(4)</span></a> driver - supports the 3Com/HP Bluetooth PCCARD adapters, while the - <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a> driver - supports several USB Bluetooth adapters.</p> - - <div class="NOTE"> - <blockquote class="NOTE"> - <p><b>Note:</b> Bluetooth support in FreeBSD is a - work in progress.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - <br /> - <br /> - - <p>A new in-kernel cryptographic framework (see <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(4)</span></a> and <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(9)</span></a>) has - been imported from OpenBSD. It provides a consistent - interface to hardware and software implementations of - cryptographic algorithms for use by the kernel and access - to cryptographic hardware for user-mode applications. - Hardware device drivers are provided to support - hifn-based cards (<a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a>) and - Broadcom-based cards (<a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsec</span>(4)</span></a>). - [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A new <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> command - <tt class="COMMAND">show pcpu</tt> lists some of the - per-CPU data.</p> - - <p>A <tt class="FILENAME">devctl</tt> device has been - added to allow userland programs to learn when devices - come and go in the device tree. This facility is - primarily used by the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> - utility.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a>, which - allows entries in the <tt class="FILENAME">/dev</tt> - directory to be built automatically and supports more - flexible attachment of devices, has been largely - reworked. <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> is now - enabled by default and can be disabled by the <tt - class="LITERAL">NODEVFS</tt> kernel option. A ``rule'' - subsystem permits the administrator to define certain - properties of new device nodes before they become visible - to the userland. Both static (e.g. <tt - class="FILENAME">/dev/speaker</tt>) and dynamic (e.g. <tt - class="FILENAME">/dev/bpf*</tt>, some removable devices) - nodes are supported. Each <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> mount - may have a different ruleset assigned to it, permitting - different policies to be implemented for things like - jails. Rules and rulesets are manipulated with the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(8)</span></a> - utility.</p> - - <p>A new digi driver has been added to support PCI - Xr-based and ISA Xem Digiboard cards. A new <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=digictl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">digictl</span>(8)</span></a> - program is (mainly) used to re-initialize cards that have - external port modules attached such as the PC/Xem. This - driver replaces the older dgm driver.</p> - - <p>An <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eaccess&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">eaccess</span>(2)</span></a> system - call has been added, similar to <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=access&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">access</span>(2)</span></a> except - that the former uses effective credentials rather than - real credentials.</p> - - <p>Initial support has been added for FireWire devices - (see <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=firewire&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">firewire</span>(4)</span></a>). - [MERGED]</p> - - <p>Each <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> - environment can now run under its own securelevel.</p> - - <p>The tunable sysctl variables for <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> have - moved from <tt class="VARNAME">jail.*</tt> to the <tt - class="VARNAME">security.*</tt> hierarchy. Other - security-related sysctl variables have moved from <tt - class="VARNAME">kern.security.*</tt> to <tt - class="VARNAME">security.*</tt>.</p> - - <p>The kernel environment is now dynamic, and can be - changed via the new <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kenv&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">kenv</span>(2)</span></a> system - call.</p> - - <p>The labpc(4) driver has been removed due to - ``bitrot''.</p> - - <p>The loader and kernel linker now look for files named - <tt class="FILENAME">linker.hints</tt> in each directory - with KLDs for a module name and version to KLD filename - mapping. The new <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldxref&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">kldxref</span>(8)</span></a> - utility is used to generate these files.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lomac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">lomac</span>(4)</span></a>, a - Low-Watermark Mandatory Access Control security facility, - has been added as a kernel module. It provides a drop-in - security mechanism in addition to the traditional - UID-based security facilities, requiring no additional - configuration from the administrator. Work on this - feature was sponsored by DARPA and NAI Labs.</p> - - <p>FreeBSD now supports an extensible Mandatory Access - Control framework, the TrustedBSD MAC Framework. It - permits loadable kernel modules to link to the kernel at - compile-time, boot-time, or run-time to augment the - system security policy. The framework permits modules to - express interest in a variety of events, and also - provides common security policy services such as label - storage. A variety of sample policy modules are shipped - in this release, including implementations of fixed and - floating label Biba integrity models, Multi-Level - Security (MLS) with compartments, and a number of - augmented UNIX security models including a file system - firewall. This feature will permit easier development and - maintenance of local and vendor security extensions. The - extensibility service is enabled by adding <tt - class="LITERAL">options MAC</tt> to the kernel - configuration.</p> - - <div class="NOTE"> - <blockquote class="NOTE"> - <p><b>Note:</b> The MAC framework is considered an - experimental feature in this release, and is not - enabled by default</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - <br /> - <br /> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mutex&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mutex</span>(9)</span></a> - profiling code has been added, enabled by the <tt - class="LITERAL">MUTEX_PROFILING</tt> kernel configuration - option. It enables the <tt - class="VARNAME">debug.mutex.prof.*</tt> hierarchy of - sysctl variables.</p> - - <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">P1003_1B</tt> kernel option is - no longer used and has been removed.</p> - - <p>PECOFF (Win32 Execution file format) support has been - added.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">random</span>(4)</span></a> device - has been rewritten to use the <b - class="APPLICATION">Yarrow</b> algorithm. It harvests - entropy from a variety of interrupt sources, including - the console devices, Ethernet and point-to-point network - interfaces, and mass-storage devices. Entropy from the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">random</span>(4)</span></a> device - is now periodically saved to files in <tt - class="FILENAME">/var/db/entropy</tt>, as well as at - shutdown time. The semantics of <tt - class="FILENAME">/dev/random</tt> have changed; it never - blocks waiting for entropy bits but generates a stream of - pseudo-random data and now behaves exactly as <tt - class="FILENAME">/dev/urandom</tt>.</p> - - <p>A new kernel option, <tt class="LITERAL">options - REGRESSION</tt>, enables interfaces and functionality - intended for use during correctness and regression - testing.</p> - - <p><tt class="LITERAL">RLIMIT_VMEM</tt> support has been - added. This feature defines a new resource limit that - covers a process's entire virtual memory space, including - <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a> space. - This limit can be configured in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=login.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">login.conf</span>(5)</span></a> via - the new <tt class="VARNAME">vmemoryuse</tt> variable. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A bug in the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendfile&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendfile</span>(2)</span></a> - system call, in which headers counted against the size of - the file to be sent, has been fixed. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> driver - now supports keyboard-controlled pasting, by default - bound to <b class="KEYCAP">Shift</b>-<b - class="KEYCAP">Insert</b>.</p> - - <p>The uaudio driver, for USB audio devices, has been - added. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The ubsa driver has been added to support the Belkin - F5U103 (and compatible) USB-to-serial adaptors.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ucom</span>(4)</span></a> device - driver has been added, to support USB modems, serial - devices, and other programs that need to look like a tty. - The related <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uftdi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">uftdi</span>(4)</span></a>, <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uplcom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">uplcom</span>(4)</span></a>, <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvscom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvscom</span>(4)</span></a> drivers - provide specific support for FTDI serial adapters, the - Prolific PL-2303 serial adapter and the SUNTAC Slipper U - VS-10U, respectively. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>To increase security, the <tt - class="LITERAL">UCONSOLE</tt> kernel configuration option - has been removed.</p> - - <p>The UserConfig boot-time kernel configuration feature, - usually used to enable, disable, or configure ISA - devices, has been removed. Its functionality has been - replaced by the kernel hints file in <tt - class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt>.</p> - - <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">USER_LDT</tt> kernel option is - now activated by default.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvisor&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvisor</span>(4)</span></a> driver - for connecting Handspring Visors via USB has been added. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A VESA S3 linear framebuffer driver has been - added.</p> - - <p>The kernel crashdump infrastructure has been revised, - to support new platforms and in general clean up the - logic in the code. One implication of this change is that - the on-disk format for kernel dumps has changed, and is - now byte-order-agnostic.</p> - - <p>Extremely large swap areas (>67 GB) no longer panic - the system.</p> - - <p>Linker sets are now self-contained; gensetdefs(8) is - unnecessary and has been removed.</p> - - <p>It is now possible to hardwire kernel environment - variables (such as tunables) at compile-time using <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>'s <tt - class="LITERAL">ENV</tt> directive.</p> - - <p>Idle zeroing of pages can be enabled with the <tt - class="VARNAME">vm.idlezero_enable</tt> sysctl - variable.</p> - - <p>The FreeBSD kernel scheduler now supports - Kernel-Scheduled Entities (KSEs), which provides support - for multiple threads of execution per process similar to - Scheduler Activations. At this point, the kernel has most - of the changes needed to support threading. The kernel - scheduler can schedule multiple threads per process, but - only on a single CPU at a time. More information can be - found in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kse&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">kse</span>(2)</span></a>.</p> - - <div class="NOTE"> - <blockquote class="NOTE"> - <p><b>Note:</b> KSE is a work in progress.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - <br /> - <br /> - - <p>The kernel now has support for multiple low-level - console devices. The new <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a> - utility helps to manage the different consoles.</p> - - <p>The kernel memory allocator is now a slab memory - allocator, similar to that used in Solaris. This is a - SMP-safe memory allocator that has near-linear - performance as the number of CPUs increases. It also - allows for reduced memory fragmentation.</p> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN401" name="AEN401">2.1.1 - Processor/Motherboard Support</a></h3> - - <p>SMP support has been largely reworked, incorporating - code from BSD/OS 5.0. One of the main features of SMPng - (``SMP Next Generation'') is to allow more processes to - run in kernel, without the need for spin locks that can - dramatically reduce the efficiency of multiple - processors. Interrupt handlers now have contexts - associated with them that allow them to be blocked, - which reduces the need to lock out interrupts.</p> - - <p>Support for the 80386 processor has been removed - from the <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel, as - this code seriously pessimizes performance on other - IA32 processors. The <tt class="LITERAL">I386_CPU</tt> - kernel option to support the 80386 processor is now - mutually exclusive with support for other IA32 - processors; this should slightly improve performance on - the 80386 due to the elimination of runtime processor - type checks. Custom kernels that will run on the 80386 - can still be built by changing the CPU options in the - kernel configuration file to only include <tt - class="LITERAL">I386_CPU</tt>.</p> - - <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">CPU_DISABLE_CMPXCHG</tt> - kernel configuration option has been added. Enabling - this option has been shown to dramatically improve - performance on VMWare client OS installs.</p> - - <div class="NOTE"> - <blockquote class="NOTE"> - <p><b>Note:</b> This option is not compatible with - <tt class="LITERAL">SMP</tt> kernels.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - <br /> - <br /> - </div> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN439" name="AEN439">2.1.2 - Bootloader Changes</a></h3> - - <p>The kernel and modules have been moved to the - directory <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/kernel</tt>, so - they can be easily manipulated together. The boot - loader has been updated to make this change as seamless - as possible.</p> - - <p>The boot loader now supports loading kernels from - both UFS1 and UFS2 filesystems.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN462" name="AEN462">2.1.3 - Network Interface Support</a></h3> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver - now supports NICs based on the Xircom 3201 and Conexant - LANfinity RS7112 chips.</p> - - <p>The lmc driver has been added to support LAN Media - Corp WAN adapters based on the DEC ``Tulip'' PCI Fast - Ethernet controller.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">rp</span>(4)</span></a> driver - has been updated to version 3.02 and can now be built - as a module. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> device - is now clonable.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">tx</span>(4)</span></a> driver - now supports true multicast filtering.</p> - - <p>Network devices now automatically appear as special - files in <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/net</tt>. Interface - hardware ioctls (not protocol or routing) can be - performed on these devices. The <tt - class="VARNAME">SIOCGIFCONF</tt> ioctl may be performed - on the special <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/network</tt> - node.</p> - - <p>``Zero copy'' support has been added to the - networking stack. This feature can eliminate a copy of - network data between the kernel and userland, which is - one of the more significant bottlenecks in network - throughput. The send-side code should work with almost - any network adapter, while the receive-side code - requires a network adapter with an MTU of at least one - memory page size (for example, jumbo frames on Gigabit - Ethernet). For more information, see <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zero_copy&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">zero_copy</span>(9)</span></a>.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN727" name="AEN727">2.1.4 - Network Protocols</a></h3> - - <p>A <tt class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> kernel option - now allows the IPsec implementation to use the kernel - <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(4)</span></a> - framework, along with its support for hardware - cryptographic acceleration.</p> - - <div class="NOTE"> - <blockquote class="NOTE"> - <p><b>Note:</b> The <tt - class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> and <tt - class="LITERAL">IPSEC</tt> options are mutually - exclusive.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - - <div class="NOTE"> - <blockquote class="NOTE"> - <p><b>Note:</b> The <tt - class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> option is, at the - moment, not compatible with IPv6 or the <tt - class="LITERAL">INET6</tt> option.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - <br /> - <br /> - - <p>A <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> driver, - which can encapsulate IP packets using GRE (RFC 1701) - or minimal IP encapsulation for Mobile IP (RFC 2004), - has been added. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>ICMP ECHO and TSTAMP replies are now rate limited. - TCP RSTs generated due to packets sent to open and - unopen ports are now limited by separate counters. Each - rate limiting queue now has its own description.</p> - - <p>ICMP Source Quench messages are no longer generated - for forwarded packets. The old behavior can be - re-enabled with the <tt - class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.sendsourcequench</tt> - sysctl variable.</p> - - <p>IP multicast now works on VLAN devices. Several - other bugs in the VLAN code have also been fixed.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> has - been re-implemented (the new version is commonly - referred to as ``IPFW2''). It now uses variable-sized - representation of rules in the kernel, similar to <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bpf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">bpf</span>(4)</span></a> - instructions. Most of the externally-visible behavior - (i.e. through <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>) should - be unchanged, although <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> now - supports <tt class="LITERAL">or</tt> connectives - between match fields. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A new <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_device&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_device</span>(4)</span></a> - netgraph node type has been added, which creates a - device entry in <tt class="FILENAME">/dev</tt>, to be - used as the entry point to a networking graph.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_gif</span>(4)</span></a> and - <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_gif_demux&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_gif_demux</span>(4)</span></a> - netgraph nodes, for operating on <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">gif</span>(4)</span></a> devices, - have been added.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ip_input&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ip_input</span>(4)</span></a> - netgraph node, for queueing IP packets into the main IP - input processing code, has been added.</p> - - <p>A new <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_l2tp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_l2tp</span>(4)</span></a> - netgraph node type, which implements the encapsulation - layer of the L2TP protocol as described in RFC 2661, - has been added. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A new ng_split node type has been added for - splitting a bidirectional packet flow into two - unidirectional flows.</p> - - <p>The ephemeral port range used for TCP and UDP has - been changed to 49152-65535 (the old default was - 1024-5000). This increases the number of concurrent - outgoing connections/streams.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a> - protocol's retransmission timer can now be manipulated - with two sysctl variables, <tt - class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rexmit_min</tt> and <tt - class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rexmit_slop</tt>. The - default has been reduced from one second to 200ms - (similar to the Linux default) in order to better - handle hiccups over interactive connections and improve - recovery over lossy fast connections such as wireless - links.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a> protocol - now has the ability to dynamically limit the send-side - window to maximize bandwidth and minimize round trip - times. The feature can be enabled via the <tt - class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.inflight_enable</tt> - sysctl. [MERGED]</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN908" name="AEN908">2.1.5 - Disks and Storage</a></h3> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver - (along with <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a>) now - supports writing to media in DVD+RW drives.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver - now supports accessing ATA devices as SCSI devices via - the CAM layer and drivers (<a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>, <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=da&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">da</span>(4)</span></a>, <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=st&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">st</span>(4)</span></a>, and <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pass</span>(4)</span></a>). This - feature requires <tt class="LITERAL">device - atapicam</tt> in the kernel configuration. More - information can be found in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atapicam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">atapicam</span>(4)</span></a>. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver - now has support for the Sil 0680 and VIA 8233/8235 - controllers. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver - now has support for the Acard ATP850, ATP860, and - ATP865 controllers.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver - is now supported on the pc98 platform.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a> driver - now supports the same <tt - class="LITERAL">CDRIOCREADSPEED</tt> and <tt - class="LITERAL">CDRIOCWRITESPEED</tt> ioctls that the - <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a> driver - uses for setting the speed of CDROM access.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=targ&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">targ</span>(4)</span></a> driver - has been rewritten and a new usermode has been added to - <tt - class="FILENAME">/usr/share/examples/scsi_target</tt> - that emulates a direct access device.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a> floppy - disk driver has undergone a number of enhancements. - Density selection for common settings is now automatic; - the driver is also much more flexible in setting the - densities of various subdevices.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> disk - I/O request transformation framework has been added; - this extensible framework is designed to support a wide - variety of operations on I/O requests on their way from - the upper kernel to the device drivers.</p> - - <div class="NOTE"> - <blockquote class="NOTE"> - <p><b>Note:</b> GEOM-enabled kernels no longer - support ``compatability slices''. This feature - (supported on the i386 and pc98 only) allowed a - user to refer to a disk partition without - specifying an MBR slice (e.g. <tt - class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0a</tt>); the kernel would - automatically find the first applicable FreeBSD - slice and use it. On GEOM-enabled kernels (the - default), only the full partition names (e.g. <tt - class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0s1a</tt>) are allowed when - referring to partitions within MBR slices. This - change should affect very few users.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - <br /> - <br /> - - <p>A GEOM Based Disk Encryption module has been added. - It provides denial of access to ``cold disks'', with - four different cryptographic barriers and up to four - changeable pass-phrases. Much more information can be - found in the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gbde&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">gbde</span>(4)</span></a> manual - page. The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gbde&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">gbde</span>(8)</span></a> - userland utility provides an operation and management - interface to this module. This feature is not enabled - by default; it requires <tt class="LITERAL">options - GEOM_BDE</tt> to be added to a kernel configuration - file.</p> - - <div class="NOTE"> - <blockquote class="NOTE"> - <p><b>Note:</b> This feature should be considered - experimental.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - <br /> - <br /> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver - is now proactive about discovering Fibre Channel - topology changes.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver - now supports target mode for Qlogic SCSI cards, - including Ultra2 and Ultra3 and dual bus cards.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=matcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">matcd</span>(4)</span></a> driver - has been removed after falling into a state of - disrepair in the source tree and because of concerns - over its licensing terms. These issues are currently - being addressed and this driver may reappear in future - versions of FreeBSD. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a>, the - memory disk device, has had the functionality of <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">vn</span>(4)</span></a> - incorporated into it. <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a> devices - can now be configured by <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>. <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">vn</span>(4)</span></a> has been - removed. The Memory Filesystem (MFS) has also been - removed.</p> - - <p>The mpt driver, for supporting the LSI Logic - Fusion/MP architecture Fiber Channel controllers, has - been added. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The RAIDframe disk driver has been imported from - NetBSD. This driver provides software-based RAID 0, 1, - 4, and 5 capabilities, as well as other functionality. - More information can be found in the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=raid&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">raid</span>(4)</span></a> driver - manual page. The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=raidctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">raidctl</span>(8)</span></a> - utility is used to configure and unconfigure disk - arrays. This feature is not enabled by default, and - requires <tt class="LITERAL">device raidframe</tt> to - be configured into a kernel.</p> - - <div class="NOTE"> - <blockquote class="NOTE"> - <p><b>Note:</b> This feature should be considered - experimental.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - <br /> - <br /> - - <p>Some problems in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sa</span>(4)</span></a> error - handling have been fixed, including the ``tape drive - spinning indefinitely upon <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mt</span>(1)</span></a> <tt - class="OPTION">stat</tt>'' problem.</p> - - <p>The <tt class="VARNAME">SCSI_DELAY</tt> - configuration parameter can now be set at boot time and - runtime via the <tt - class="VARNAME">kern.cam.scsi_delay</tt> - tunable/sysctl.</p> - - <p>The trm driver has been added to support SCSI - adapters using the Tekram TRM-S1040 SCSI chipset. - [MERGED]</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1150" name="AEN1150">2.1.6 - Filesystems</a></h3> - - <p>Support for named extended attributes has been added - to the FreeBSD kernel. This allows the kernel, and - appropriately privileged userland processes, to tag - files and directories with attribute data. Extended - attributes were added to support the TrustedBSD - Project, in particular ACLs, capability data, and - mandatory access control labels (see <tt - class="FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.extattr</tt> - for details).</p> - - <p>A filesystem snapshot capability has been added to - FFS. Details can be found in <tt - class="FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ffs/README.snapshot</tt>.</p> - - <p>When running with Soft Updates, <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=statfs&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">statfs</span>(2)</span></a> and - <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> will - track the number of blocks and files that are committed - to being freed.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kernfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">kernfs</span>(5)</span></a> is - obsolete and has been retired.</p> - - <p>Client-side NFS locks have been implemented.</p> - - <p>The client-side and server-side of the NFS code in - the kernel used to be intertwined in various complex - ways. They have been split apart for ease of - maintenance and further development.</p> - - <p>Support for filesystem Access Control Lists (ACLs) - has been introduced, allowing more fine-grained control - of discretionary access control on files and - directories. This support was integrated from the - TrustedBSD Project. More details can be found in <tt - class="FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.acls</tt>.</p> - - <p>For consistency, the fdesc, fifo, null, msdos, - portal, umap, and union filesystems have been renamed - to fdescfs, fifofs, msdosfs, nullfs, portalfs, umapfs, - and unionfs. Where applicable, modules and mount_* - programs have been renamed. Compatibility ``glue'' has - been added to <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> so - that <tt class="LITERAL">msdos</tt> filesystem entries - in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a> will - work without changes.</p> - - <p>pseudofs, a pseudo-filesystem framework, has been - added. <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linprocfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span></a> - and <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> have - been modified to use pseudofs.</p> - - <p>Network filesystems (such as NFS and smbfs - filesystems) listed in <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> can now be properly - mounted during startup initialization; their mounts are - deferred until after the network is initialized.</p> - - <p>Read-only support for the Universal Disk Format - (UDF) has been added. This format is used on - packet-written CD-RWs and most commercial DVD-Video - disks. The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_udf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_udf</span>(8)</span></a> - command can be used to mount these disks.</p> - - <p>Basic support has been added for the UFS2 - filesystem. Among the new features of UFS2:</p> - - <ul> - <li> - <p>The inode has been expanded to 256 bytes to make - space for 64-bit block pointers.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p>A file-creation time field has been added.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p>A native extended attributes implementation has - been added, permitting total attribute size stored - on an inode to be up to twice the filesystem block - size. This storage is used for Access Control Lists - and MAC labels, but may also be used by other - system extensions and user applications.</p> - </li> - </ul> - UFS1 remains the default on-disk format, although UFS2 - can be selected as an option in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> or via - the partitioning screen in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>. - 64-bit platforms can boot from UFS2 root - filesystems.<br /> - <br /> - - <p>To support new features mentioned in this section, - minor changes have been made to the format of the UFS1 - superblock. These changes may create some compatability - problems when a system older than FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE - attempts to <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> or <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> a local - UFS1 filesystem created by FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE or - later. FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE and later are fully - compatible. This situation typically arises on a - dual-boot machine with multiple versions of FreeBSD - installed.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1247" name="AEN1247">2.1.7 - PCCARD Support</a></h3> - - <p> </p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1270" name="AEN1270">2.1.8 - Multimedia Support</a></h3> - - <p>A new API has been added for sound cards with - hardware volume control.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1301" name="AEN1301">2.1.9 - Contributed Software</a></h3> - - <p>The Forth Inspired Command Language (<b - class="APPLICATION">FICL</b>) used in the boot loader - has been updated to 3.02.</p> - - <p>Support for Advanced Configuration and Power - Interface (ACPI), a multi-vendor standard for - configuration and power management, has been added. - This functionality has been provided by the <b - class="APPLICATION">Intel ACPI Component - Architecture</b> project, as of the ACPI CA 20021118 - snapshot. Some backward compatability for applications - using the older APM standard has been provided.</p> - - <div class="SECT4"> - <hr /> - - <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN1307" - name="AEN1307">2.1.9.1 IPFilter</a></h4> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> has been - updated to 3.4.29. [MERGED]</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT4"> - <hr /> - - <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="KAME-KERNEL" - name="KAME-KERNEL">2.1.9.3 KAME</a></h4> - </div> - </div> - </div> - - <div class="SECT2"> - <hr /> - - <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.2 - Security-Related Changes</a></h2> - - <p>A buffer overflow in the resolver, which could be - exploited by a malicious domain name server or an - attacker forging DNS messages, has been fixed. See - security advisory <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:28.resolv.asc" - target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:28</a> for more details. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A buffer overflow in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a>, which - could be triggered by badly-formed NFS packets, has been - fixed. See security advisory <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:29.tcpdump.asc" - target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:29</a> for more details. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ktrace&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ktrace</span>(1)</span></a> can no - longer trace the operation of formerly privileged - processes; this prevents the leakage of sensitive - information that the process could have obtained before - abandoning its privileges. For a discussion of this - issue, see security advisory <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:30.ktrace.asc" - target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:30</a> for more details. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A race condition in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pppd</span>(8)</span></a>, which - could be used to change the permissions of an arbitrary - file, has been corrected. For more information, see - security advisory <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:32.pppd.asc" - target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:32</a>. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>Multiple buffer overflows in <b - class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> have been corrected, by - way of an upgrade to the base system version of <b - class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>. More details can be - found in security advisory <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:33.openssl.asc" - target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:33</a>. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A heap buffer overflow in the XDR decoder has been - fixed. For more details, see security advisory <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:34.rpc.asc" - target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:34</a>. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A bug that could allow local users to read and write - arbitrary blocks on an FFS filesystem has been corrected. - More details can be found in security advisory <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:35.ffs.asc" - target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:35</a>. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A bug in the NFS server code, which could allow a - remote denial of service attack, has been fixed. Security - advisory <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:36.nfs.asc" - target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:36</a> has more details. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A bug that could allow local users to panic a system - using the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> - mechanism has been fixed. More information is contained - in security advisory <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:37.kqueue.asc" - target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:37</a>. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>Several bounds-checking bugs in system calls, which - could result in some system calls returning a large - portion of kernel memory, have been fixed. More - information can be found in security advisory <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:38.signed-error.asc" - target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:38</a>. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A bug that could allow applications using <tt - class="FILENAME">libkvm</tt> to leak sensitive file - descriptors has been corrected. (See security advisory <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:39.libkvm.asc" - target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:39</a> for more details.) - [MERGED]</p> - - <p>Buffer overflows in kadmind(8) and k5admin have been - corrected. More details can be found in security advisory - <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:40.kadmind.asc" - target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:40</a>. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>Errors in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smrsh&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">smrsh</span>(8)</span></a>, which - could allow users to circumvent restrictions on what - programs can be executed, have been fixed. See <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:41.smrsh.asc" - target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:41</a> for details. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p>Buffer overflows in the DNS <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a>, - which could cause some applications to fail, have been - corrected. More details are in <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:42.resolv.asc" - target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:42</a>. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>Multiple vulnerabilities in <b - class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> have been fixed, as - described in <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:43.bind.asc" - target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:43</a>. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A file descriptor leak in the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpathconf&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpathconf</span>(2)</span></a> - system call, which could allow a local user to crash the - system or cause a privilege escalation, has been fixed. - More details can be found in security advisory <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:44.filedesc.asc" - target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:44</a>. [MERGED]</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT2"> - <hr /> - - <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3 - Userland Changes</a></h2> - - <p>Support for creating <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=a.out&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">a.out</span>(5)</span></a> format - executables with the base system compiler toolchain has - been removed.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> and <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmuser&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmuser</span>(8)</span></a> are now - <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> scripts, - rather than Perl scripts.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">arp</span>(8)</span></a> now prints - <tt class="LITERAL">[fddi]</tt> or <tt - class="LITERAL">[atm]</tt> tags for addresses on - interfaces of those types.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=asa&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">asa</span>(1)</span></a> utility, - to interpret FORTRAN carriage-control characters, has - been added.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=at&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">at</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports the <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt> command-line - option to remove jobs and the <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt> - option to specify times in POSIX time format.</p> - - <p>The system <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">awk</span>(1)</span></a> now refers - to <b class="APPLICATION">BWK awk</b>.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=basename&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">basename</span>(1)</span></a> now - accept <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> and <tt - class="OPTION">-s</tt> flags, which allow it to perform - the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=basename&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">basename</span>(3)</span></a> - function on multiple files.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=biff&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">biff</span>(1)</span></a> now - accepts a <tt class="OPTION">b</tt> argument to enable - ``bell notification'' of new mail (which does not disturb - the terminal contents as <tt class="COMMAND">biff y</tt> - would). [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=biff&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">biff</span>(1)</span></a> now uses - the first terminal associated with the standard input, - standard output or standard error file descriptor, in - that order. Thus, it is possible to use the redirection - facilities of a shell (<tt class="COMMAND">biff n < - /dev/ttyp1</tt>) to toggle the notification for other - terminals.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now - supports Disk At Once (DAO) mode, selectable via the <tt - class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now has - the ability to write VCDs/SVCDs. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now - accepts a value of <tt class="LITERAL">max</tt> for its - <tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> option to set the drive's - maximum write speed. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzgrep</span>(1)</span></a>, <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzegrep</span>(1)</span></a>, and - <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzfgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzfgrep</span>(1)</span></a> have - been added to perform <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=grep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">grep</span>(1)</span></a>-type - operations on <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>-compressed - files.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=calendar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">calendar</span>(1)</span></a> now - takes a <tt class="OPTION">-W</tt> option, which operates - similar to <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> but without special - treatment at weekends, and a <tt class="OPTION">-F</tt> - option to change the notion of ``Friday''.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=catman&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">catman</span>(1)</span></a> is now - a C program, instead of a Perl script.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="LITERAL">speed</tt> command to set - the maximum speed to be used by the drive (the maximum - possible speed can be selected setting the speed to <tt - class="LITERAL">max</tt>). [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=check_utility_compat&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">check_utility_compat</span>(3)</span></a> - library function has been added to <tt - class="FILENAME">libc</tt>, to determine whether certain - FreeBSD base system utilities should behave in FreeBSD - 4-compatible mode or in a ``standard'' mode (default - standard). The configuration is done <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=malloc&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">malloc</span>(3)</span></a>-style, - with either an environment variable or a symbolic - link.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">chflags</span>(1)</span></a> has - moved from <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin</tt> to <tt - class="FILENAME">/bin</tt>.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">chmod</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> for changing the - mode of a symbolic link.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">chmod</span>(1)</span></a> now - also, when the mode is modified, prints the old and new - modes if the <tt class="OPTION">-v</tt> option is - specified more than once.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chown&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">chown</span>(8)</span></a> no - longer takes <tt class="LITERAL">.</tt> as a user/group - delimeter. This change was made to support usernames - containing a <tt class="LITERAL">.</tt> character.</p> - - <p>Use of the <tt class="LITERAL">CSMG_*</tt> macros no - longer require inclusion of <tt - class="FILENAME"><sys/param.h></tt></p> - - <p>A <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> distribution has - been added for compatibility with FreeBSD 4-STABLE. It - includes a subset of the libraries distributed with - FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a - (nonstandard) <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option to - automatically answer ``no'' when it would ask to - overwrite a file. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A new <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csplit&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">csplit</span>(1)</span></a> - utility, which splits files based on context, has been - added.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ctags</span>(1)</span></a> now - creates tags for typedefs, structs, unions, and enums by - default (implying the <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt> option). - The new <tt class="OPTION">-T</tt> reverts to the old - behavior.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> - program, a command-line interface to <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(3)</span></a>, has - been added. It detaches itself from its controlling - terminal and executes a program specified on the command - line. This allows the user to run an arbitrary program as - if it were written to be a daemon. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> utility, - a userland daemon that can run arbitrary commands when - devices come and go in the device tree, has been added. - This program is a generalization of some of the - functionality of <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pccardd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pccardd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> - - <div class="NOTE"> - <blockquote class="NOTE"> - <p><b>Note:</b> <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> is a - work in progress.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - <br /> - <br /> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devinfo&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">devinfo</span>(8)</span></a>, a - simple tool to print the device tree and resource usage - by devices, has been added.</p> - - <p>diskpart(8) has been declared obsolete, and has been - removed.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> flag for dumping - live UFS and UFS2 filesystems safely. To obtain a - consistent dump image, <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> takes a - snapshot of the filesystem and performs the dump on the - snapshot. The snapshot is removed when the dump is - complete.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now - supports a new <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> flag to allow - it to just print out the dump size estimates and exit. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=expr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">expr</span>(1)</span></a> is now - compliant with POSIX.2-1992 (and thus also with - POSIX.1-2001). Some program depend on the old, historic - behavior and do not properly protect their arguments to - keep them from being misinterpreted as command-line - options. (the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/libtool/pkg-descr"> - <tt class="FILENAME">devel/libtool</tt></a> port/package, - used by many GNU programs, is a notable example). The old - behavior can be requested by enabling compatibility mode - for <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=expr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">expr</span>(1)</span></a> as - described in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=check_utility_compat&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">check_utility_compat</span>(3)</span></a>.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fbtab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fbtab</span>(5)</span></a> now - accepts glob matching patterns for target devices, not - just individual devices and directories.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdisk&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdisk</span>(8)</span></a> no - longer attempts to search for a device if none has been - specified on the command line, but instead tries to - figure out the default device name from the root - device.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdread&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdread</span>(1)</span></a>, a - program to read data from floppy disks, has been added. - It is a counterpart to <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdwrite&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdwrite</span>(1)</span></a> and is - designed to provide a means of recovering at least some - data from bad media, and to obviate the need for a - complex invocation of <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a>.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now has - support for a <tt class="FILENAME">.pubkey</tt> file. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-g</tt> flag to restrict - the printing of GECOS information to the user's full name - only. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports the <tt class="OPTION">-4</tt> and <tt - class="OPTION">-6</tt> flags to specify an address family - for remote queries. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fold&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fold</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-b</tt> flag to break at - byte positions and a <tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> flag to - break at word boundaries. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> wrappers - have been imported; this feature provides infrastructure - for <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> to work - on different types of filesystems (analogous to <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a>).</p> - - <p>The behavior of <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> when - dealing with various passes (a la <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>) has been modified to - accommodate multiple-disk filesystems.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> now has - support for foreground (<tt class="OPTION">-F</tt>) and - background (<tt class="OPTION">-B</tt>) checks. - Traditionally, <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> is - invoked before the filesystems are mounted and all checks - are done to completion at that time. If background - checking is available, <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> is - invoked twice. It is first invoked at the traditional - time, before the filesystems are mounted, with the <tt - class="OPTION">-F</tt> flag to do checking on all the - filesystems that cannot do background checking. It is - then invoked a second time, after the system has - completed going multiuser, with the <tt - class="OPTION">-B</tt> flag to do checking on all the - filesystems that can do background checking. Unlike the - foreground checking, the background checking is started - asynchronously so that other system activity can proceed - even on the filesystems that are being checked. Boot-time - enabling of this feature is controlled by the <tt - class="VARNAME">background_fsck</tt> option in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck_ffs</span>(8)</span></a> now - supports background filesystem checks to mounted FFS - filesystems with the <tt class="OPTION">-B</tt> option - (Soft Updates must be enabled on these filesystems). The - <tt class="OPTION">-F</tt> flag now determines whether a - specified filesystem needs foreground checking.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now - supports the <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> option to permit - guest users to modify existing files if allowed by - filesystem permissions. In particular, this enables guest - users to resume uploads. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now - supports the <tt class="OPTION">-M</tt> option to prevent - guest users from creating directories. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now - supports <tt class="OPTION">-o</tt> and <tt - class="OPTION">-O</tt> options to disable the <tt - class="LITERAL">RETR</tt> command; the former for - everybody, and the latter only for guest users. Coupled - with <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> and appropriate file - permissions, these can be used to create a relatively - safe anonymous FTP drop box for others to upload to. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now - supports the <tt class="OPTION">-W</tt> option to disable - logging FTP sessions to <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wtmp&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">wtmp</span>(5)</span></a>. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwcontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwcontrol</span>(8)</span></a> - utility has been added to help users access and control - the FireWire subsystem. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getconf&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">getconf</span>(1)</span></a> - utility has been added. It prints the values of POSIX or - X/Open path or system configuration variables. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p>gifconfig(8) is obsolete and has been removed. Its - functionality is now handled by the <tt - class="OPTION">tunnel</tt> and <tt - class="OPTION">deletetunnel</tt> commands of <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gprof&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">gprof</span>(1)</span></a> now has - a <tt class="OPTION">-K</tt> option to enable dynamic - symbol resolution from the currently-running kernel. With - this change, properly-compiled KLD modules are now able - to be profiled.</p> - - <p>The ibcs(8), linux(8), osf1(8), and svr4(8) scripts, - whose sole purpose was to load emulation kernel modules, - have been removed. The kernel module system will - automatically load them as needed to fulfill - dependencies.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> now - has the ability to set promiscuous mode on an interface, - via the new <tt class="OPTION">promisc</tt> flag. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="LITERAL">monitor</tt> interface - flag, which blocks transmission of packets on that - interface. This feature is useful for monitoring network - traffic without interacting with the network in - question.</p> - - <p>By default, <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> is no - longer run by <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a> at - boot-time, although <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> - gives the option of enabling it during binary - installations. <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> can also - be enabled by adding the following line to <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt>:</p> -<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> - inetd_enable="YES" -</pre> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> now has - the capability for limiting the maximum number of - simultaneous invocations of each service from a single IP - address. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> filter - rules can now match on the value of the IPv4 precedence - field.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kbdmap&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">kbdmap</span>(1)</span></a> and <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidfont&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">vidfont</span>(1)</span></a> have - been converted from Perl to C.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kenv&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">kenv</span>(1)</span></a> now has - the ability to set or delete kernel environment - variables.</p> - - <p>The kget(8) utility has been removed (it was only - useful for UserConfig, which is not present in FreeBSD - 5.0-RELEASE).</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a> no - longer tries to kill zombie processes unless the <tt - class="OPTION">-z</tt> flag is specified.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ktrdump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ktrdump</span>(8)</span></a>, a - utility to dump the ktr trace buffer from userland, has - been added.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ldd</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> flag to list all - the objects that are needed by each loaded object.</p> - - <p><tt class="FILENAME">libc</tt> is now thread-safe by - default; <tt class="FILENAME">libc_r</tt> contains only - thread functions.</p> - - <p><tt class="FILENAME">libstand</tt> now has support for - overwriting the contents of a file on a UFS filesystem - (it cannot expand or truncate files because the - filesystem may be dirty or inconsistent).</p> - - <p><tt class="FILENAME">libgmp</tt> has been superceded - by <tt class="FILENAME">libmp</tt>.</p> - - <p>The functions from <tt - class="FILENAME">libposix1e</tt> have been integrated - into <tt class="FILENAME">libc</tt>.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lock&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">lock</span>(1)</span></a> now - accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-v</tt> to disable switching - VTYs while the current terminal is locked. This permits - locking the entire console from a single terminal. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpc</span>(8)</span></a> has been - improved; <tt class="COMMAND">lpc clean</tt> is now - somewhat safer, and a new <tt class="COMMAND">lpc - tclean</tt> command has been added to check to see what - files would be removed by <tt class="COMMAND">lpc - clean</tt>. <tt class="COMMAND">lpc topq</tt> has been - reimplemented, and now allows for a much more flexible - specification of which jobs should be moved (such as a - range of job numbers, or a hostname). An <tt - class="COMMAND">lpc bottomq</tt> command has been added - to move jobs to the bottom of a print queue, and a new - <tt class="COMMAND">lpc setstatus</tt> command can be - used to set a printer's status message. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> program now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> flag to list files - across a page, a <tt class="OPTION">-p</tt> flag to force - printing of a <tt class="LITERAL">/</tt> after - directories, and a <tt class="OPTION">-x</tt> flag to - sort filenames across a page. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=makewhatis&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">makewhatis</span>(1)</span></a> is - now a C program, instead of a Perl script.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> is no - longer installed SUID <tt class="USERNAME">man</tt>, in - order to reduce vulnerabilities associated with - generating ``catpages'' (preformatted manual pages cached - for repeated viewing). As a result, <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> can no - longer create system catpages on a regular user's behalf. - It is still able to do so if the user has write - permissions to the directory holding catpages (e.g. a - user's own manpages) or if the running user is <tt - class="USERNAME">root</tt>.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> command - has been added; it is a wrapper around <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>, <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>, and <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> that - mimics the command line option set of the deprecated <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_mfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_mfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mesg&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mesg</span>(1)</span></a> now - conforms to SUSv3. Among other things, it now uses the - first terminal associated with the standard input, - standard output or standard error file descriptor, in - that order. Thus, it is possible to use the redirection - facilities of a shell (<tt class="COMMAND">mesg n < - /dev/ttyp1</tt>) to control write access for other - terminals.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mountd</span>(8)</span></a> and <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nfsd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">nfsd</span>(8)</span></a> have - moved from <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin</tt> to <tt - class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin</tt>.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mv&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mv</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a - (nonstandard) <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option to - automatically answer ``no'' when it would ask to - overwrite a file. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A number of archaic features of <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> have - been removed; these implemented tuning features that are - essentially useless on modern hard disks. These features - were controlled by the <tt class="OPTION">-O</tt>, <tt - class="OPTION">-d</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-k</tt>, <tt - class="OPTION">-l</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt>, <tt - class="OPTION">-p</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt>, <tt - class="OPTION">-t</tt>, and <tt class="OPTION">-x</tt> - flags.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-O</tt> flag to select the - creation of UFS1 or UFS2 filesystems.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newgrp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">newgrp</span>(1)</span></a> utility - to change to a new group has been added.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a> now - compresses log files using <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a> by - default. (The former behavior of using <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a> can be - specified in <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/newsyslog.conf</tt>.)</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nextboot&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">nextboot</span>(8)</span></a> - utility has been added to specify an alternate kernel - and/or boot flags to be used the next time the machine is - booted. A previous incarnation of this feature first - appeared in FreeBSD 2.2.</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">NFS</b> now works over - IPv6.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nice&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">nice</span>(1)</span></a> now uses - the <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option to specify the - ``niceness'' of the utility being run. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">nsswitch</b> support has been - merged from NetBSD. By creating an <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsswitch.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsswitch.conf</span>(5)</span></a> - file, FreeBSD can be configured so that various databases - such as <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> and <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> can be - looked up using flat files, NIS, or Hesiod. If <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> does not exist, - it will be automatically generated from an existing <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts.conf</tt> at system startup - time. The <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts.conf</tt> file - may be used by old executables; it will be automatically - generated from an existing <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> during system - startup if it exists.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">od</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports the <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> option to specify - the input address base, the <tt class="OPTION">-N</tt> - option to specify the number of bytes to dump, the <tt - class="OPTION">-j</tt> option to specify the number of - bytes to skip, the <tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> option to - output signed decimal shorts, and the <tt - class="OPTION">-t</tt> option to specify output type. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> support has been added - for account management and sessions.</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> configuration is now - specified by files in <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/pam.d/</tt>, rather than a single - <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/pam.conf</tt> file. <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/pam.d/README</tt> has more - details.</p> - - <p>A <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_echo&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_echo</span>(8)</span></a> echo - service module has been added.</p> - - <p>A <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_exec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_exec</span>(8)</span></a> - program execution service module has been added.</p> - - <p>A <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_ftp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_ftp</span>(8)</span></a> module - has been added to allow authentication of anonymous FTP - users.</p> - - <p>A <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_ftpusers&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_ftpusers</span>(8)</span></a> - module has been added to perform checks against the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpusers&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpusers</span>(5)</span></a> - file.</p> - - <p>A <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_ksu&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_ksu</span>(8)</span></a> module - has been added to do Kerberos 5 authentication and <tt - class="FILENAME">$HOME/.k5login</tt> authorization for <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a>.</p> - - <p>A <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_lastlog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_lastlog</span>(8)</span></a> - module has been added to record sessions in the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=utmp&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">utmp</span>(5)</span></a>, <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wtmp&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">wtmp</span>(5)</span></a>, and <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lastlog&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">lastlog</span>(5)</span></a> - databases.</p> - - <p>A <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_login_access&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_login_access</span>(8)</span></a> - module has been added, to allow checking against <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/login.access</tt>.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_nologin</span>(8)</span></a> - module, which can disallow logins using <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(5)</span></a>, has - been added.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_opie&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_opie</span>(8)</span></a> and - <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_opieaccess&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_opieaccess</span>(8)</span></a> - modules have been added to control authentication via <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=opie&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">opie</span>(4)</span></a>. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_passwdqc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_passwdqc</span>(8)</span></a> - module has been added, to check the quality of passwords - submitted during password changes.</p> - - <p>A <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_rhosts&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_rhosts</span>(8)</span></a> - module has been added to support <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rhosts&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">rhosts</span>(5)</span></a> - authentication.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_rootok&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_rootok</span>(8)</span></a> - module, which can be used to authenticate only the - superuser, has been added.</p> - - <p>A <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_securetty&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_securetty</span>(8)</span></a> - module has been added to check the ``security'' of a TTY, - as listed in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ttys&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ttys</span>(5)</span></a>.</p> - - <p>A <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_self&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_self</span>(8)</span></a> - module, which allows self-authentication of a user, has - been added.</p> - - <p>A <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_wheel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_wheel</span>(8)</span></a> - module has been added to permit authentication to members - of a group, which defaults to <tt - class="GROUPNAME">wheel</tt>.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pathchk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pathchk</span>(1)</span></a> - utility, which checks pathnames for validity or - portability between POSIX systems, has been added. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-o</tt> flag to exit after - receiving a reply.</p> - - <p>prefix(8) is obsolete and has been removed. Its - functionality is provided by the <tt - class="OPTION">eui64</tt> command to <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pselect&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pselect</span>(3)</span></a> - library function (introduced by POSIX.1 as a slightly - stronger version of <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=select&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">select</span>(2)</span></a>) has - been added.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pwd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pwd</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports the <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> flag to print the - logical current working directory. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=quota&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">quota</span>(1)</span></a> now - takes a <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> flag to suppress quote - checks on NFS filesystems.</p> - - <p>The pseudo-random number generator implemented by <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rand&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">rand</span>(3)</span></a> has been - improved to provide less biased results.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rcmd&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">rcmd</span>(3)</span></a> now - supports the use of the <tt class="ENVAR">RSH</tt> - environment variable to specify a program to use other - than <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">rsh</span>(1)</span></a> for remote - execution. As a result, programs such as <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> can use - <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a> for remote - transport.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rdist&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">rdist</span>(1)</span></a> has been - retired from the base system, but is still available from - FreeBSD Ports Collection as <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/44bsd-rdist/pkg-descr"> - <tt class="FILENAME">net/44bsd-rdist</tt></a>.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=renice&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">renice</span>(8)</span></a> command - implements a <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option, which - specifies an increment to be applied to the priority of a - process. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcbind&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpcbind</span>(8)</span></a> has - replaced <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portmap&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">portmap</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcgen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpcgen</span>(1)</span></a> now - uses <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/cpp</tt> (as on - NetBSD), not <tt - class="FILENAME">/usr/libexec/cpp</tt>.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpc.lockd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpc.lockd</span>(8)</span></a> has - been imported from NetBSD. This daemon provides support - for servicing client NFS locks.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> will now - print the names of all objects that cause each object to - be loaded, if the <tt - class="VARNAME">LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_ALL</tt> - environment variable is defined.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> now takes - a <tt class="OPTION">-i</tt> option to enable in-place - editing of files. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setfacl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">setfacl</span>(1)</span></a> and <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getfacl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">getfacl</span>(1)</span></a> - commands have been added to manage filesystem Access - Control Lists.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> no longer - implements <tt class="COMMAND">printf</tt> as a built-in - command because it was considered less valuable compared - to the other built-in commands (this functionality is, of - course, still available through the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(1)</span></a> - executable).</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> option to prevent - existing regular files from being overwritten by output - redirection, and a <tt class="OPTION">-u</tt> to give an - error if an unset variable is expanded. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> built-in - <tt class="COMMAND">cd</tt> command now supports <tt - class="OPTION">-L</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-P</tt> - flags to invoke logical or physical modes of operation, - respectively. Logical mode is the default, but the - default can be changed with the <tt - class="VARNAME">physical</tt> <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> option. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> built-in - <tt class="COMMAND">jobs</tt> command now supports a <tt - class="OPTION">-s</tt> flag to output PIDs only and a <tt - class="OPTION">-l</tt> flag to add PIDs to the output. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="COMMAND">bind</tt> built-in - command, which allows the key bindings for the shell's - line editor to be changed.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> built-in - <tt class="COMMAND">export</tt> and <tt - class="COMMAND">readonly</tt> commands now support a <tt - class="OPTION">-p</tt> flag to print their output in - ``portable'' format. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> no longer - accepts invalid constructs as <tt class="COMMAND"><tt - class="REPLACEABLE"><i>command</i></tt> & && - <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>command</i></tt></tt>, <tt - class="COMMAND">&& <tt - class="REPLACEABLE"><i>command</i></tt></tt>, or <tt - class="COMMAND">|| <tt - class="REPLACEABLE"><i>command</i></tt></tt>. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=spkrtest&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">spkrtest</span>(8)</span></a> is - now a <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> script, - rather than a Perl script.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=split&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">split</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> option to specify - the number of letters to use for the suffix of split - files. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>In preparation for meeting SUSv2/POSIX <tt - class="FILENAME"><sys/select.h></tt> requirements, - <tt class="LITERAL">struct selinfo</tt> and related - functions have been moved to <tt - class="FILENAME"><sys/selinfo.h></tt>.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> now uses <b - class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> for authentication.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> now - accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag to print the - descriptions of variables.</p> - - <p>The default root partition in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> is - now 100MB on the i386 and pc98, 120MB on the Alpha.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now - lives in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin</tt>, which - simplifies the installation process. The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> - manpage is also installed in a more consistent fashion - now.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> no - longer mounts the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> - filesystem by default on new installs. This change was - made to improve security, but <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> can - still be mounted manually or via an appropriate line in - the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a> - file.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tabs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">tabs</span>(1)</span></a>, a - utility to set terminal tab stops, has been added.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=termcap&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">termcap</span>(5)</span></a> - database now uses the <tt class="LITERAL">xterm</tt> - terminal type from <b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>. As - a result, <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xterm&sektion=1&manpath=XFree86+4.2.0"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">xterm</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports color by default and the common workaround of - setting <tt class="VARNAME">TERM</tt> to <tt - class="LITERAL">xterm-color</tt> is no longer necessary. - Use of the <tt class="LITERAL">xterm-color</tt> terminal - type may result in (benign) warnings from - applications.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now - supports RFC 2349 (TFTP Timeout Interval and Transfer - Size Options); this feature is required by some firmware - like EFI boot managers (at least on HP i2000 Itanium - servers) in order to boot an image using <b - class="APPLICATION">TFTP</b>.</p> - - <p>A version of Transport Independent RPC (<b - class="APPLICATION">TI-RPC</b>) has been imported.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">tip</span>(1)</span></a> has been - updated from <b class="APPLICATION">OpenBSD</b>, and has - the ability to act as a <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">cu</span>(1)</span></a> - substitute.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> will now - use the full width of its tty.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=touch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">touch</span>(1)</span></a> now - takes a <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> option to operate on a - symbolic link, rather than what the link points to.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a> now has - basic support for equivalence classes for locales that - support them. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> flag to complement - the set of characters specified by the first string - argument.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a> now - supports the <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> and <tt - class="OPTION">-l</tt> flags to enable and disable the - <tt class="LITERAL">FS_ACLS</tt> and <tt - class="LITERAL">FS_MULTILABEL</tt> administrative flags - on UFS file system.</p> - - <p>A <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ugidfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ugidfw</span>(8)</span></a> utility - has been added to manage the rulesets provided by the <tt - class="LITERAL">mac_bsdextended</tt> Mandatory Access - Control policy, similar to <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">UUCP</b> has been removed from - the base system. It can be found in the Ports Collection, - in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/freebsd-uucp/pkg-descr"> - <tt class="FILENAME">net/freebsd-uucp</tt></a>.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unexpand&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">unexpand</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt> to specify tabstops - analogous to <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=expand&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">expand</span>(1)</span></a>. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=usbdevs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">usbdevs</span>(8)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag to show the - device driver associated with each device.</p> - - <p>The base64 capabilities of <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuencode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuencode</span>(1)</span></a> and - <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uudecode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">uudecode</span>(1)</span></a> can - now be automatically enabled by invoking these utilities - as <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64encode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">b64encode</span>(1)</span></a> and - <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64decode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">b64decode</span>(1)</span></a> - respectively. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>Functions to implement and manipulate OSF/DCE - 1.1-compliant UUIDs have been added to <tt - class="FILENAME">libc</tt>. More information can be found - in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuid&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuid</span>(3)</span></a>.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuidgen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuidgen</span>(1)</span></a> - utility has been added. It uses the new <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuidgen&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuidgen</span>(2)</span></a> system - call to generate one or more Universally Unique - Identifiers compatible with OSF/DCE 1.1 version 1 - UUIDs.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">vidcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now - accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> to allow the user to - disable VTY switching. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The default stripe size in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(8)</span></a> has been - changed from 256KB to 279KB, to spread out superblocks - more evenly between stripes.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wc&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">wc</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> flag to count - characters, rather than bytes.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whereis&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">whereis</span>(1)</span></a>, - formerly a Perl script, has been rewritten in C. It now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-x</tt> flag to suppress - the run of <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=locate&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">locate</span>(1)</span></a>, and a - <tt class="OPTION">-q</tt> flag suppresses the leading - name of the query.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whereis&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">whereis</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> flag to report all - matches instead of only the first of each requested - type.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=which&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">which</span>(1)</span></a> is now a - C program, rather than a Perl script.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=who&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">who</span>(1)</span></a> now has a - number of new options: <tt class="OPTION">-H</tt> shows - column headings; <tt class="OPTION">-T</tt> shows <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mesg&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">mesg</span>(1)</span></a> state; - <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> is an equivalent to <tt - class="OPTION">am i</tt>; <tt class="OPTION">-u</tt> - shows idle time; <tt class="OPTION">-q</tt> to list names - in columns. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wicontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">wicontrol</span>(8)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> to list the - stations associated in <tt class="LITERAL">hostap</tt> - mode and a <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> to list available - access points.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-I</tt> <tt - class="REPLACEABLE"><i>replstr</i></tt> option that - allows the user to tell <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> to - insert the data read from standard input at specific - points in the command line arguments rather than at the - end. (A FreeBSD-specific <tt class="OPTION">-J</tt> - option is similar.) [MERGED]</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> now - supports a <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> option to force its - utility argument to be called after some number of lines. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p>Various routines in the C library now have support for - ``wide'' characters. Among these are character class - functions such as <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wctype&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">wctype</span>(3)</span></a>, wide - character I/O functions such as <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getwc&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">getwc</span>(3)</span></a>, - formatted I/O functions such as <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wprintf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">wprintf</span>(3)</span></a> and <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wscanf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">wscanf</span>(3)</span></a>. - Conversion functions to <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=multibyte&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">multibyte</span>(3)</span></a> - characters are also supported.</p> - - <p>A number of utilities and libraries were enhanced to - improve their conformance with the Single UNIX - Specification (SUSv3) and IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 - (``POSIX.1''). Specific features added have been listed - in the release notes for each utility. The standards - conformance of each utility or library function is - generally listed in its manual page.</p> - - <p>A number of traditional BSD games have been removed - from the base system; they are now available in the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/games/freebsd-games/pkg-descr"> - <tt class="FILENAME">games/freebsd-games</tt></a> port. - These include: adventure(6), arithmetic(6), atc(6), - backgammon(6), battlestar(6), bs(6), canfield(6), - cribbage(6), fish(6), hack(6), hangman(6), larn(6), - mille(6), phantasia(6), piano(6), pig(6), quiz(6), - rain(6), robots(6), rogue(6), sail(6), snake(6), trek(6), - wargames(6), worm(6), worms(6), and wump(6). dm(8), which - was used to control access to games, is no longer - necessary, and has also been removed. The - ``utility-like'' games, as well as <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fortune&sektion=6&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">fortune</span>(6)</span></a>, - remain.</p> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN3866" name="AEN3866">2.3.1 - Contributed Software</a></h3> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">am-utils</b> has been updated - to 6.0.7.</p> - - <p>A 29 November 2002 snapshot of <b - class="APPLICATION">awk</b> from Bell Labs (variously - known as ``BWK awk'' or ``The One True AWK'') has been - imported. It is available as <tt - class="COMMAND">awk</tt> or <tt - class="COMMAND">nawk</tt>.</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated to - 8.3.3. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> has been updated - to a pre-release snapshot of 2.13.2 from 27 October - 2002.</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">file</b> has been updated to - 3.39.</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">gcc</b> has been updated to - <b class="APPLICATION">gcc</b> 3.2.1 (released - version).</p> - - <div class="WARNING"> - <blockquote class="WARNING"> - <p><b>Warning:</b> The C++ ABI from <b - class="APPLICATION">gcc</b> 3.2.1 is not compatible - with previous versions.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - <br /> - <br /> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">gdb</b> has been updated to - version 5.2.1.</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">gperf</b> has been updated to - 2.7.2.</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">groff</b> and its related - utilities have been updated to FSF version 1.18.1.</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> has been - updated to 0.5.1. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> client has - been updated to 3.0.1RC9.</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=more&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">more</span>(1)</span></a> command - has been replaced by <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=less&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">less</span>(1)</span></a>, - although it can still be run as <tt - class="COMMAND">more</tt>. [MERGED] Version 371 of <b - class="APPLICATION">less</b> has been imported.</p> - - <p>An XML processing library, named <tt - class="FILENAME">libbsdxml</tt>, has been added for the - benefit of XML-using utilities in the base system. It - is based almost entirely on an import of <b - class="APPLICATION">expat</b> 1.95.5, but is installed - under a different name to avoid conflicts with any - versions of <b class="APPLICATION">expat</b> installed - from the Ports Collection.</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> has been updated - to 0.7.1. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">libreadline</b> has been - updated to 4.2.</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">libz</b> has been updated to - 1.1.4.</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">lint</b> has been updated to - snapshot of NetBSD <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lint&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">lint</span>(1)</span></a> as of - 19 July 2002.</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftp</b> 1.6 beta 2 (the - FTP client from NetBSD) has replaced the FreeBSD <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp</span>(1)</span></a> program. - Among its new features are more automation methods, - better standards compliance, transfer rate throttling, - and a customizable command-line prompt. Some - environment variables and command-line arguments have - changed.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=m4&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">m4</span>(1)</span></a> has been - imported from OpenBSD, as of 26 April 2002. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">ncurses</b> has been updated - to 5.2-20020615.</p> - - <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> suite of programs - has been updated to 4.1.1b.</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> (``Citronella'' - release) has been imported, replacing <b - class="APPLICATION">Linux-PAM</b>.</p> - - <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">OPIE</b> - one-time-password suite has been updated to 2.4. It has - completely replaced the functionality of <b - class="APPLICATION">S/Key</b>. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> has been removed - from the FreeBSD base system. It can be installed from - the FreeBSD Ports Collection, as a binary package, or - via the <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Perl - distribution</span> item in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>'s - distribution menu. Moving Perl out of the base system - will make future upgrades and maintenence easier. To - reduce the dependence of the base system on Perl, many - utilities have been rewritten as shell scripts or C - programs (specific notes are made for each affected - utility).</p> - - <div class="NOTE"> - <blockquote class="NOTE"> - <p><b>Note:</b> The Perl script removal work is - ongoing.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - - <div class="NOTE"> - <blockquote class="NOTE"> - <p><b>Note:</b> Most of the distribution sets in <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> - include the new Perl distribution. This change will - therefore be transparent to most users, with the - exception that updating Perl will be done - separately from the base system.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - <br /> - <br /> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU ptx</b> has been removed - from the base system. It is not used anywhere in the - base system, and has not been recently updated or - maintained. Users requiring its functionality can - install this utility as a part of the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/textproc/textutils/pkg-descr"> - <tt class="FILENAME">textproc/textutils</tt></a> - port.</p> - - <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">rc.d</tt> framework from - NetBSD has been imported. It breaks down the system - startup functionality into a number of small, - ``task-oriented'' scripts in <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt>, with - dynamic-determined ordering of startup scripts - performed at boot-time.</p> - - <p>Version 1.4.5 of the <b - class="APPLICATION">smbfs</b> userland utilities has - been imported. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU sort</b> has been updated - to the version from <b class="APPLICATION">GNU - textutils 2.0.21</b>.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">stat</span>(1)</span></a> from <b - class="APPLICATION">NetBSD</b>, as of 5 June 2002 has, - been imported.</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b> has been updated - to 1.13.25. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> has been updated - to 3.7.1. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">csh</span>(1)</span></a> shell - has been replaced by <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcsh</span>(1)</span></a>, - although it can still be run as <tt - class="COMMAND">csh</tt>. <b - class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> has been updated to - version 6.12. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The contributed version of <b - class="APPLICATION">tcp_wrappers</b> now includes the - <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpd</span>(8)</span></a> helper - daemon. While not strictly necessary in a standard - FreeBSD installation (because <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> - already incorporates this functionality), this may be - useful for <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> - replacements such as <b class="APPLICATION">xinetd</b>. - [MERGED]</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">texinfo</b> has been updated - to 4.2. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">top</b> has been updated to - version 3.5b12. [MERGED]</p> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">traceroute</b> has been - updated to LBL version 1.4a12.</p> - - <p>The timezone database has been updated to the <tt - class="FILENAME">tzdata2002d</tt> release. [MERGED]</p> - - <div class="SECT4"> - <hr /> - - <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4060" - name="AEN4060">2.3.1.1 CVS</a></h4> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">cvs</b> has been updated to - a snapshot of 1.11.2.1, as of 1 December 2002. - [MERGED]</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT4"> - <hr /> - - <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4083" - name="AEN4083">2.3.1.2 CVSup</a></h4> - </div> - - <div class="SECT4"> - <hr /> - - <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="KAME-USERLAND" - name="KAME-USERLAND">2.3.1.3 KAME</a></h4> - </div> - - <div class="SECT4"> - <hr /> - - <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4126" - name="AEN4126">2.3.1.4 OpenSSH</a></h4> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been - updated to version 3.4p1. [MERGED] Among the - changes:</p> - - <ul> - <li> - <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">*2</tt> files are - obsolete (for example, <tt - class="FILENAME">~/.ssh/known_hosts</tt> can hold - the contents of <tt - class="FILENAME">~/.ssh/known_hosts2</tt>).</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-keygen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-keygen</span>(1)</span></a> - can import and export keys using the SECSH Public - Key File Format, for key exchange with several - commercial SSH implementations.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-add</span>(1)</span></a> - now adds all three default keys.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-keygen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-keygen</span>(1)</span></a> - no longer defaults to a specific key type; one - must be specified with the <tt - class="OPTION">-t</tt> option.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p>A ``privilege separation'' feature, which uses - unprivileged processes to contain and restrict - the effects of future compromises or programming - errors.</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p>Several bugfixes, including closure of a - security hole that could lead to an integer - overflow and undesired privilege escalation.</p> - </li> - </ul> - <br /> - <br /> - </div> - - <div class="SECT4"> - <hr /> - - <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4213" - name="AEN4213">2.3.1.5 OpenSSL</a></h4> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> has been - updated to 0.9.6g. [MERGED]</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT4"> - <hr /> - - <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4222" - name="AEN4222">2.3.1.6 sendmail</a></h4> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been - updated from version 8.9.3 to version 8.12.6. - Important changes include: <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendmail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span></a> - is no longer installed as a set-user-ID <tt - class="USERNAME">root</tt> binary (now set-group-ID - <tt class="GROUPNAME">smmsp</tt>); new default file - locations (see <tt - class="FILENAME">/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README</tt>); - <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newaliases&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">newaliases</span>(1)</span></a> - is limited to <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> and - trusted users; STARTTLS encryption; and the MSA port - (587) is turned on by default. See <tt - class="FILENAME">/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES</tt> - for more information. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>By default, <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a> no - longer enables <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> - for inbound SMTP connections. Note that <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> - may override this default for a binary installation, - based on what security profile is selected. This - functionality can also be manually enabled by adding - the following line to <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt>:</p> -<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> - sendmail_enable="YES" -</pre> - - <p>The permissions for <b - class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> alias and map - databases built via <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/mail/Makefile</tt> now default - to mode 0640 to protect against a file locking local - denial of service. It can be changed by setting the - new <tt class="VARNAME">SENDMAIL_MAP_PERMS</tt> <tt - class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt> option. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>The permissions for the <b - class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> statistics file, <tt - class="FILENAME">/var/log/sendmail.st</tt>, have been - changed from mode 0644 to mode 0640 to protect - against a file locking local denial of service. - [MERGED]</p> - </div> - </div> - - <div class="SECT3"> - <hr /> - - <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN4323" name="AEN4323">2.3.2 - Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</a></h3> - - <p><b class="APPLICATION">BSDPAN</b>, a collection of - modules that provides tighter integration of <b - class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> into the FreeBSD Ports - Collection, has been added.</p> - - <p>For some time, FreeBSD 5.0-CURRENT (as well as some - 4.X releases) included a pkg_update(1) utility to - update installed packages, as well as their - dependencies. This utility has been removed; a superset - of its functionality can be found in the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"> - <tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a> - port.</p> - - <p><a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a>, - formerly a Perl script, has been rewritten in C. The - <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt>, frequently misused, has - been removed. The <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"> - <tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a> port - provides a supported and safer alternative.</p> - - <p>The Ports Collection infrastructure now uses <b - class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> 4.2.1 as the default - version of the X Window System for the purposes of - satisfying dependencies. To return to using <b - class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> 3.3.6, add the - following line to <tt - class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt>: [MERGED]</p> -<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> - XFREE86_VERSION=3 -</pre> - - <p>The libraries installed by the <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/linux_base/pkg-descr"> - <tt class="FILENAME">emulators/linux_base</tt></a> port - (required for Linux emulation) have been updated; they - now correspond to those included with <b - class="APPLICATION">Red Hat Linux</b> 7.1. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>By default, packages generated by the Ports - Collection (as well as the packages on the FTP sites) - are now compressed using <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>, - rather than <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a>. (Thus, - they now have a <tt class="FILENAME">.tbz</tt> - extension, rather than a <tt class="FILENAME">.tgz</tt> - extension.) The package tools have been updated to - handle the new format.</p> - - <p>The Ports Collection now maintains a separate index - file (<tt class="FILENAME">/usr/ports/INDEX-5</tt>) for - use with FreeBSD 5-CURRENT. A major motivation for a - separate index file is to cope with dependencies (such - as <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5/pkg-descr"> - <tt class="FILENAME">lang/perl5</tt></a>) that exist in - FreeBSD 5-CURRENT but not FreeBSD 4-STABLE. The index - file for each package set is still called <tt - class="FILENAME">INDEX</tt>.</p> - </div> - </div> - - <div class="SECT2"> - <hr /> - - <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN4441" name="AEN4441">2.4 - Release Engineering and Integration</a></h2> - - <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> distribution has - been renamed <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, in order to - make creation of combined install/recovery disks - easier.</p> - - <p>It is now possible to make releases of FreeBSD - 5-CURRENT on a FreeBSD 4-STABLE host and vice versa. - Cross-architecture (building a release for a target - architecture on a host of a different architecture) - releases are also possible. See <a - href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=release&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> - <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span - class="REFENTRYTITLE">release</span>(7)</span></a> for - details. [MERGED]</p> - - <p>A third <tt class="FILENAME">drivers.flp</tt> floppy - has been added to floppy releases. It holds loadable - modules containing drivers that do not fit in the kernel - on the <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> disk or in the - <tt class="FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt> image.</p> - </div> - - <div class="SECT2"> - <hr /> - - <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN4466" name="AEN4466">2.5 - Documentation</a></h2> - - <p>A number of formerly-encumbered documents from the 4.4 - BSD Programmer's Supplementary Documents have been - restored to <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/psd</tt>. - These include:</p> - - <ul> - <li> - <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The - UNIX Time-Sharing System</i></span> (<tt - class="FILENAME">01.cacm</tt>)</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">UNIX - Implementation</i></span> (<tt - class="FILENAME">02.implement</tt>)</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The - UNIX I/O System</i></span> (<tt - class="FILENAME">03.iosys</tt>)</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">UNIX - Programming -- Second Edition</i></span> (<tt - class="FILENAME">04.uprog</tt>)</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The C - Programming Language -- Reference Manual</i></span> - (<tt class="FILENAME">06.Clang</tt>)</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Yacc: - Yet Another Compiler-Compiler</i></span> (<tt - class="FILENAME">15.yacc</tt>)</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Lex -- - A Lexical Analyzer Generator</i></span> (<tt - class="FILENAME">16.lex</tt>)</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The M4 - Macro Processor</i></span> (<tt - class="FILENAME">17.m4</tt>)</p> - </li> - </ul> - - <p>Several formerly-encumbered documents from the 4.4 BSD - User's Supplementary Documents have been restored to <tt - class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/usd</tt>. They - include:</p> - - <ul> - <li> - <p><span class="emphasis"><i - class="EMPHASIS">NROFF/TROFF User's Manual</i></span> - (<tt class="FILENAME">21.troff</tt>)</p> - </li> - - <li> - <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">A TROFF - Tutorial</i></span> (<tt - class="FILENAME">22.trofftut</tt>)</p> - </li> - </ul> - </div> - </div> - - <div class="SECT1"> - <hr /> - - <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3 - Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></h1> - - <p>Users with existing FreeBSD systems are <span - class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">highly</i></span> - encouraged to read the ``Early Adopter's Guide to FreeBSD - 5.0''. This document generally has the filename <tt - class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt> on the distribution media, - or any other place that the release notes can be found. It - offers some notes on upgrading, but more importantly, also - discusses some of the relative merits of upgrading to - FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> versus - running FreeBSD 4.<tt - class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p> - - <div class="IMPORTANT"> - <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> - <p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of - course, only be attempted after backing up <span - class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span> - data and configuration files.</p> - </blockquote> - </div> - </div> - </div> - <hr /> - - <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related - documents, can be downloaded from <a - href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p> - - <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the - <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> - before contacting <<a - href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> - - <p align="center"><small>For questions about this - documentation, e-mail <<a - href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> - <br /> - <br /> - </body> -</html> - |