diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/relnotes-sparc64.html')
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/relnotes-sparc64.html | 3551 |
1 files changed, 3551 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/relnotes-sparc64.html b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/relnotes-sparc64.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e879ae96a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/5.0R/relnotes-sparc64.html @@ -0,0 +1,3551 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /> + <title>FreeBSD/sparc64 5.0-RELEASE Release Notes</title> + <meta name="GENERATOR" + content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 " /> + <link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /> + </head> + + <body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" + link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> + <div class="ARTICLE"> + <div class="TITLEPAGE"> + <h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/sparc64 + 5.0-RELEASE Release Notes</a></h1> + + <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3> + + <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, + 2003 by The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p> + + <p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: + src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v + 1.467.2.8 2003/01/14 18:12:51 roam Exp $<br /> + </p> + + <div> + <div class="ABSTRACT"> + <a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a> + + <p>The release notes for FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE contain a + summary of recent changes made to the FreeBSD base + system on the 5-CURRENT development branch. Both + changes for kernel and userland are listed, as well as + applicable security advisories that were issued since + the last release. Some brief remarks on upgrading are + also presented.</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr /> + </div> + + <div class="TOC"> + <dl> + <dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt> + + <dt>1 <a href="#INTRO">Introduction</a></dt> + + <dt>2 <a href="#NEW">What's New</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.1 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.1.1 <a href="#AEN401">Processor/Motherboard + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.2 <a href="#AEN439">Bootloader + Changes</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.3 <a href="#AEN462">Network Interface + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.4 <a href="#AEN727">Network + Protocols</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.5 <a href="#AEN908">Disks and + Storage</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.6 <a href="#AEN1150">Filesystems</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.7 <a href="#AEN1247">PCCARD + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.8 <a href="#AEN1270">Multimedia + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.9 <a href="#AEN1301">Contributed + Software</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>2.2 <a href="#SECURITY">Security-Related + Changes</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.3.1 <a href="#AEN3866">Contributed + Software</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.2 <a href="#AEN4323">Ports/Packages + Collection Infrastructure</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>2.4 <a href="#AEN4441">Release Engineering and + Integration</a></dt> + + <dt>2.5 <a href="#AEN4466">Documentation</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>3 <a href="#UPGRADE">Upgrading from previous releases + of FreeBSD</a></dt> + </dl> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr /> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1 + Introduction</a></h1> + + <p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD + 5.0-RELEASE on the UltraSPARC hardware platform. It + describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of + FreeBSD. It also provides some notes on upgrading from + previous versions of FreeBSD.</p> + + <p>This distribution of FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE is a release + distribution. It can be found at <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/" + target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a> + or any of its mirrors. More information on obtaining this + (or other) release distributions of FreeBSD can be found in + the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html" + target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD'' appendix</a> to the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" + target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr /> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2 What's + New</a></h1> + + <p>This section describes many of the user-visible new or + changed features in FreeBSD since 4.0-RELEASE. It includes + items that are unique to the 5-CURRENT branch, as well as + some features that may have been recently merged to other + branches (after FreeBSD 4.6-RELEASE). The later items are + marked as [MERGED].</p> + + <p>Typical release note items document new drivers or + hardware support, new commands or options, major bugfixes, + or contributed software upgrades. Applicable security + advisories issued after 4.6-RELEASE are also listed.</p> + + <p>Many additional changes were made to FreeBSD that are + not listed here for lack of space. For example, + documentation was corrected and improved, minor bugs were + fixed, insecure coding practices were audited and + corrected, and source code was cleaned up.</p> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr /> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.1 Kernel + Changes</a></h2> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acct&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">acct</span>(2)</span></a> has been + changed to open the accounting file in append mode, so + that <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=accton&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">accton</span>(8)</span></a> can be + used to enable accounting to an append-only file. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new in-kernel cryptographic framework (see <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(4)</span></a> and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(9)</span></a>) has + been imported from OpenBSD. It provides a consistent + interface to hardware and software implementations of + cryptographic algorithms for use by the kernel and access + to cryptographic hardware for user-mode applications. + Hardware device drivers are provided to support + hifn-based cards (<a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a>) and + Broadcom-based cards (<a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsec</span>(4)</span></a>). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> command + <tt class="COMMAND">show pcpu</tt> lists some of the + per-CPU data.</p> + + <p>A <tt class="FILENAME">devctl</tt> device has been + added to allow userland programs to learn when devices + come and go in the device tree. This facility is + primarily used by the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> + utility.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a>, which + allows entries in the <tt class="FILENAME">/dev</tt> + directory to be built automatically and supports more + flexible attachment of devices, has been largely + reworked. <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> is now + enabled by default and can be disabled by the <tt + class="LITERAL">NODEVFS</tt> kernel option. A ``rule'' + subsystem permits the administrator to define certain + properties of new device nodes before they become visible + to the userland. Both static (e.g. <tt + class="FILENAME">/dev/speaker</tt>) and dynamic (e.g. <tt + class="FILENAME">/dev/bpf*</tt>, some removable devices) + nodes are supported. Each <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> mount + may have a different ruleset assigned to it, permitting + different policies to be implemented for things like + jails. Rules and rulesets are manipulated with the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(8)</span></a> + utility.</p> + + <p>A new digi driver has been added to support PCI + Xr-based and ISA Xem Digiboard cards. A new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=digictl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">digictl</span>(8)</span></a> + program is (mainly) used to re-initialize cards that have + external port modules attached such as the PC/Xem. This + driver replaces the older dgm driver.</p> + + <p>An <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eaccess&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">eaccess</span>(2)</span></a> system + call has been added, similar to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=access&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">access</span>(2)</span></a> except + that the former uses effective credentials rather than + real credentials.</p> + + <p>Support has been added for EBus-based devices.</p> + + <p>Each <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> + environment can now run under its own securelevel.</p> + + <p>The tunable sysctl variables for <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> have + moved from <tt class="VARNAME">jail.*</tt> to the <tt + class="VARNAME">security.*</tt> hierarchy. Other + security-related sysctl variables have moved from <tt + class="VARNAME">kern.security.*</tt> to <tt + class="VARNAME">security.*</tt>.</p> + + <p>The kernel environment is now dynamic, and can be + changed via the new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kenv&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">kenv</span>(2)</span></a> system + call.</p> + + <p>The labpc(4) driver has been removed due to + ``bitrot''.</p> + + <p>The loader and kernel linker now look for files named + <tt class="FILENAME">linker.hints</tt> in each directory + with KLDs for a module name and version to KLD filename + mapping. The new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldxref&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">kldxref</span>(8)</span></a> + utility is used to generate these files.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lomac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">lomac</span>(4)</span></a>, a + Low-Watermark Mandatory Access Control security facility, + has been added as a kernel module. It provides a drop-in + security mechanism in addition to the traditional + UID-based security facilities, requiring no additional + configuration from the administrator. Work on this + feature was sponsored by DARPA and NAI Labs.</p> + + <p>FreeBSD now supports an extensible Mandatory Access + Control framework, the TrustedBSD MAC Framework. It + permits loadable kernel modules to link to the kernel at + compile-time, boot-time, or run-time to augment the + system security policy. The framework permits modules to + express interest in a variety of events, and also + provides common security policy services such as label + storage. A variety of sample policy modules are shipped + in this release, including implementations of fixed and + floating label Biba integrity models, Multi-Level + Security (MLS) with compartments, and a number of + augmented UNIX security models including a file system + firewall. This feature will permit easier development and + maintenance of local and vendor security extensions. The + extensibility service is enabled by adding <tt + class="LITERAL">options MAC</tt> to the kernel + configuration.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> The MAC framework is considered an + experimental feature in this release, and is not + enabled by default</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mutex&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mutex</span>(9)</span></a> + profiling code has been added, enabled by the <tt + class="LITERAL">MUTEX_PROFILING</tt> kernel configuration + option. It enables the <tt + class="VARNAME">debug.mutex.prof.*</tt> hierarchy of + sysctl variables.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">P1003_1B</tt> kernel option is + no longer used and has been removed.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">random</span>(4)</span></a> device + has been rewritten to use the <b + class="APPLICATION">Yarrow</b> algorithm. It harvests + entropy from a variety of interrupt sources, including + the console devices, Ethernet and point-to-point network + interfaces, and mass-storage devices. Entropy from the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">random</span>(4)</span></a> device + is now periodically saved to files in <tt + class="FILENAME">/var/db/entropy</tt>, as well as at + shutdown time. The semantics of <tt + class="FILENAME">/dev/random</tt> have changed; it never + blocks waiting for entropy bits but generates a stream of + pseudo-random data and now behaves exactly as <tt + class="FILENAME">/dev/urandom</tt>.</p> + + <p>A new kernel option, <tt class="LITERAL">options + REGRESSION</tt>, enables interfaces and functionality + intended for use during correctness and regression + testing.</p> + + <p><tt class="LITERAL">RLIMIT_VMEM</tt> support has been + added. This feature defines a new resource limit that + covers a process's entire virtual memory space, including + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a> space. + This limit can be configured in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=login.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">login.conf</span>(5)</span></a> via + the new <tt class="VARNAME">vmemoryuse</tt> variable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Support has been added for SBus-based devices.</p> + + <p>The sab driver, which supports the Siemens SAB82532 + serial chip found on many newer Sparc Ultra machines, has + been added.</p> + + <p>A bug in the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendfile&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendfile</span>(2)</span></a> + system call, in which headers counted against the size of + the file to be sent, has been fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> driver + now supports keyboard-controlled pasting, by default + bound to <b class="KEYCAP">Shift</b>-<b + class="KEYCAP">Insert</b>.</p> + + <p>The uaudio driver, for USB audio devices, has been + added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ucom</span>(4)</span></a> device + driver has been added, to support USB modems, serial + devices, and other programs that need to look like a tty. + The related <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uftdi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uftdi</span>(4)</span></a>, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uplcom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uplcom</span>(4)</span></a>, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvscom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvscom</span>(4)</span></a> drivers + provide specific support for FTDI serial adapters, the + Prolific PL-2303 serial adapter and the SUNTAC Slipper U + VS-10U, respectively. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>To increase security, the <tt + class="LITERAL">UCONSOLE</tt> kernel configuration option + has been removed.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">USER_LDT</tt> kernel option is + now activated by default.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvisor&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvisor</span>(4)</span></a> driver + for connecting Handspring Visors via USB has been added. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A VESA S3 linear framebuffer driver has been + added.</p> + + <p>The kernel crashdump infrastructure has been revised, + to support new platforms and in general clean up the + logic in the code. One implication of this change is that + the on-disk format for kernel dumps has changed, and is + now byte-order-agnostic.</p> + + <p>Extremely large swap areas (>67 GB) no longer panic + the system.</p> + + <p>Linker sets are now self-contained; gensetdefs(8) is + unnecessary and has been removed.</p> + + <p>It is now possible to hardwire kernel environment + variables (such as tunables) at compile-time using <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>'s <tt + class="LITERAL">ENV</tt> directive.</p> + + <p>Idle zeroing of pages can be enabled with the <tt + class="VARNAME">vm.idlezero_enable</tt> sysctl + variable.</p> + + <p>The FreeBSD kernel scheduler now supports + Kernel-Scheduled Entities (KSEs), which provides support + for multiple threads of execution per process similar to + Scheduler Activations. At this point, the kernel has most + of the changes needed to support threading. The kernel + scheduler can schedule multiple threads per process, but + only on a single CPU at a time. More information can be + found in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kse&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">kse</span>(2)</span></a>.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> KSE is a work in progress.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p>The kernel now has support for multiple low-level + console devices. The new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a> + utility helps to manage the different consoles.</p> + + <p>The kernel memory allocator is now a slab memory + allocator, similar to that used in Solaris. This is a + SMP-safe memory allocator that has near-linear + performance as the number of CPUs increases. It also + allows for reduced memory fragmentation.</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN401" name="AEN401">2.1.1 + Processor/Motherboard Support</a></h3> + + <p>SMP support has been largely reworked, incorporating + code from BSD/OS 5.0. One of the main features of SMPng + (``SMP Next Generation'') is to allow more processes to + run in kernel, without the need for spin locks that can + dramatically reduce the efficiency of multiple + processors. Interrupt handlers now have contexts + associated with them that allow them to be blocked, + which reduces the need to lock out interrupts.</p> + + <p>The UltraSPARC platform is now supported by FreeBSD. + The following machines are supported to at least some + degree: Ultra 1/2/5/10/30/60, Enterprise 220R/420R, + Netra T1 AC200/DC200, Netra T 105, and Blade 100. SMP + is supported, and has been tested on the Ultra 2, Ultra + 60, Enterprise 220R, and Enterprise 420R.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN439" name="AEN439">2.1.2 + Bootloader Changes</a></h3> + + <p>The kernel and modules have been moved to the + directory <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/kernel</tt>, so + they can be easily manipulated together. The boot + loader has been updated to make this change as seamless + as possible.</p> + + <p>The boot loader now supports loading kernels from + both UFS1 and UFS2 filesystems.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN462" name="AEN462">2.1.3 + Network Interface Support</a></h3> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver + now supports NICs based on the Xircom 3201 and Conexant + LANfinity RS7112 chips.</p> + + <p>The gem driver has been added to support the Sun GEM + Gigabit Ethernet and ERI Fast Ethernet adapters.</p> + + <p>The hme driver has been added to support the Sun HME + Fast Ethernet adapter, onboard on many Sun Ultra series + machines.</p> + + <p>The lmc driver has been added to support LAN Media + Corp WAN adapters based on the DEC ``Tulip'' PCI Fast + Ethernet controller.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> device + is now clonable.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tx</span>(4)</span></a> driver + now supports true multicast filtering.</p> + + <p>Network devices now automatically appear as special + files in <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/net</tt>. Interface + hardware ioctls (not protocol or routing) can be + performed on these devices. The <tt + class="VARNAME">SIOCGIFCONF</tt> ioctl may be performed + on the special <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/network</tt> + node.</p> + + <p>``Zero copy'' support has been added to the + networking stack. This feature can eliminate a copy of + network data between the kernel and userland, which is + one of the more significant bottlenecks in network + throughput. The send-side code should work with almost + any network adapter, while the receive-side code + requires a network adapter with an MTU of at least one + memory page size (for example, jumbo frames on Gigabit + Ethernet). For more information, see <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zero_copy&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">zero_copy</span>(9)</span></a>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN727" name="AEN727">2.1.4 + Network Protocols</a></h3> + + <p>A <tt class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> kernel option + now allows the IPsec implementation to use the kernel + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(4)</span></a> + framework, along with its support for hardware + cryptographic acceleration.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> The <tt + class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> and <tt + class="LITERAL">IPSEC</tt> options are mutually + exclusive.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> The <tt + class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> option is, at the + moment, not compatible with IPv6 or the <tt + class="LITERAL">INET6</tt> option.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> driver, + which can encapsulate IP packets using GRE (RFC 1701) + or minimal IP encapsulation for Mobile IP (RFC 2004), + has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>ICMP ECHO and TSTAMP replies are now rate limited. + TCP RSTs generated due to packets sent to open and + unopen ports are now limited by separate counters. Each + rate limiting queue now has its own description.</p> + + <p>ICMP Source Quench messages are no longer generated + for forwarded packets. The old behavior can be + re-enabled with the <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.sendsourcequench</tt> + sysctl variable.</p> + + <p>IP multicast now works on VLAN devices. Several + other bugs in the VLAN code have also been fixed.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> has + been re-implemented (the new version is commonly + referred to as ``IPFW2''). It now uses variable-sized + representation of rules in the kernel, similar to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bpf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">bpf</span>(4)</span></a> + instructions. Most of the externally-visible behavior + (i.e. through <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>) should + be unchanged, although <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports <tt class="LITERAL">or</tt> connectives + between match fields. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_device&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_device</span>(4)</span></a> + netgraph node type has been added, which creates a + device entry in <tt class="FILENAME">/dev</tt>, to be + used as the entry point to a networking graph.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_gif</span>(4)</span></a> and + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_gif_demux&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_gif_demux</span>(4)</span></a> + netgraph nodes, for operating on <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">gif</span>(4)</span></a> devices, + have been added.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ip_input&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ip_input</span>(4)</span></a> + netgraph node, for queueing IP packets into the main IP + input processing code, has been added.</p> + + <p>A new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_l2tp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_l2tp</span>(4)</span></a> + netgraph node type, which implements the encapsulation + layer of the L2TP protocol as described in RFC 2661, + has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new ng_split node type has been added for + splitting a bidirectional packet flow into two + unidirectional flows.</p> + + <p>The ephemeral port range used for TCP and UDP has + been changed to 49152-65535 (the old default was + 1024-5000). This increases the number of concurrent + outgoing connections/streams.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a> + protocol's retransmission timer can now be manipulated + with two sysctl variables, <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rexmit_min</tt> and <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rexmit_slop</tt>. The + default has been reduced from one second to 200ms + (similar to the Linux default) in order to better + handle hiccups over interactive connections and improve + recovery over lossy fast connections such as wireless + links.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a> protocol + now has the ability to dynamically limit the send-side + window to maximize bandwidth and minimize round trip + times. The feature can be enabled via the <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.inflight_enable</tt> + sysctl. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN908" name="AEN908">2.1.5 + Disks and Storage</a></h3> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver + (along with <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a>) now + supports writing to media in DVD+RW drives.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver + now supports accessing ATA devices as SCSI devices via + the CAM layer and drivers (<a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=da&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">da</span>(4)</span></a>, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=st&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">st</span>(4)</span></a>, and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pass</span>(4)</span></a>). This + feature requires <tt class="LITERAL">device + atapicam</tt> in the kernel configuration. More + information can be found in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atapicam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">atapicam</span>(4)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver + now has support for the Sil 0680 and VIA 8233/8235 + controllers. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver + now has support for the Acard ATP850, ATP860, and + ATP865 controllers.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a> driver + now supports the same <tt + class="LITERAL">CDRIOCREADSPEED</tt> and <tt + class="LITERAL">CDRIOCWRITESPEED</tt> ioctls that the + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a> driver + uses for setting the speed of CDROM access.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=targ&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">targ</span>(4)</span></a> driver + has been rewritten and a new usermode has been added to + <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/share/examples/scsi_target</tt> + that emulates a direct access device.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a> floppy + disk driver has undergone a number of enhancements. + Density selection for common settings is now automatic; + the driver is also much more flexible in setting the + densities of various subdevices.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> disk + I/O request transformation framework has been added; + this extensible framework is designed to support a wide + variety of operations on I/O requests on their way from + the upper kernel to the device drivers.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> GEOM-enabled kernels no longer + support ``compatability slices''. This feature + (supported on the i386 and pc98 only) allowed a + user to refer to a disk partition without + specifying an MBR slice (e.g. <tt + class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0a</tt>); the kernel would + automatically find the first applicable FreeBSD + slice and use it. On GEOM-enabled kernels (the + default), only the full partition names (e.g. <tt + class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0s1a</tt>) are allowed when + referring to partitions within MBR slices. This + change should affect very few users.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p>A GEOM Based Disk Encryption module has been added. + It provides denial of access to ``cold disks'', with + four different cryptographic barriers and up to four + changeable pass-phrases. Much more information can be + found in the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gbde&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">gbde</span>(4)</span></a> manual + page. The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gbde&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">gbde</span>(8)</span></a> + userland utility provides an operation and management + interface to this module. This feature is not enabled + by default; it requires <tt class="LITERAL">options + GEOM_BDE</tt> to be added to a kernel configuration + file.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> This feature should be considered + experimental.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver + is now proactive about discovering Fibre Channel + topology changes.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver + now supports target mode for Qlogic SCSI cards, + including Ultra2 and Ultra3 and dual bus cards.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a>, the + memory disk device, has had the functionality of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">vn</span>(4)</span></a> + incorporated into it. <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a> devices + can now be configured by <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>. <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">vn</span>(4)</span></a> has been + removed. The Memory Filesystem (MFS) has also been + removed.</p> + + <p>The mpt driver, for supporting the LSI Logic + Fusion/MP architecture Fiber Channel controllers, has + been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The RAIDframe disk driver has been imported from + NetBSD. This driver provides software-based RAID 0, 1, + 4, and 5 capabilities, as well as other functionality. + More information can be found in the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=raid&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">raid</span>(4)</span></a> driver + manual page. The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=raidctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">raidctl</span>(8)</span></a> + utility is used to configure and unconfigure disk + arrays. This feature is not enabled by default, and + requires <tt class="LITERAL">device raidframe</tt> to + be configured into a kernel.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> This feature should be considered + experimental.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p>Some problems in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sa</span>(4)</span></a> error + handling have been fixed, including the ``tape drive + spinning indefinitely upon <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mt</span>(1)</span></a> <tt + class="OPTION">stat</tt>'' problem.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="VARNAME">SCSI_DELAY</tt> + configuration parameter can now be set at boot time and + runtime via the <tt + class="VARNAME">kern.cam.scsi_delay</tt> + tunable/sysctl.</p> + + <p>The trm driver has been added to support SCSI + adapters using the Tekram TRM-S1040 SCSI chipset. + [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1150" name="AEN1150">2.1.6 + Filesystems</a></h3> + + <p>Support for named extended attributes has been added + to the FreeBSD kernel. This allows the kernel, and + appropriately privileged userland processes, to tag + files and directories with attribute data. Extended + attributes were added to support the TrustedBSD + Project, in particular ACLs, capability data, and + mandatory access control labels (see <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.extattr</tt> + for details).</p> + + <p>A filesystem snapshot capability has been added to + FFS. Details can be found in <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ffs/README.snapshot</tt>.</p> + + <p>When running with Soft Updates, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=statfs&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">statfs</span>(2)</span></a> and + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> will + track the number of blocks and files that are committed + to being freed.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kernfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">kernfs</span>(5)</span></a> is + obsolete and has been retired.</p> + + <p>Client-side NFS locks have been implemented.</p> + + <p>The client-side and server-side of the NFS code in + the kernel used to be intertwined in various complex + ways. They have been split apart for ease of + maintenance and further development.</p> + + <p>Support for filesystem Access Control Lists (ACLs) + has been introduced, allowing more fine-grained control + of discretionary access control on files and + directories. This support was integrated from the + TrustedBSD Project. More details can be found in <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.acls</tt>.</p> + + <p>For consistency, the fdesc, fifo, null, msdos, + portal, umap, and union filesystems have been renamed + to fdescfs, fifofs, msdosfs, nullfs, portalfs, umapfs, + and unionfs. Where applicable, modules and mount_* + programs have been renamed. Compatibility ``glue'' has + been added to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> so + that <tt class="LITERAL">msdos</tt> filesystem entries + in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a> will + work without changes.</p> + + <p>pseudofs, a pseudo-filesystem framework, has been + added. <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linprocfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span></a> + and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> have + been modified to use pseudofs.</p> + + <p>Network filesystems (such as NFS and smbfs + filesystems) listed in <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> can now be properly + mounted during startup initialization; their mounts are + deferred until after the network is initialized.</p> + + <p>Read-only support for the Universal Disk Format + (UDF) has been added. This format is used on + packet-written CD-RWs and most commercial DVD-Video + disks. The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_udf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_udf</span>(8)</span></a> + command can be used to mount these disks.</p> + + <p>Basic support has been added for the UFS2 + filesystem. Among the new features of UFS2:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>The inode has been expanded to 256 bytes to make + space for 64-bit block pointers.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>A file-creation time field has been added.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>A native extended attributes implementation has + been added, permitting total attribute size stored + on an inode to be up to twice the filesystem block + size. This storage is used for Access Control Lists + and MAC labels, but may also be used by other + system extensions and user applications.</p> + </li> + </ul> + UFS1 remains the default on-disk format, although UFS2 + can be selected as an option in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> or via + the partitioning screen in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>. + 64-bit platforms can boot from UFS2 root + filesystems.<br /> + <br /> + + <p>To support new features mentioned in this section, + minor changes have been made to the format of the UFS1 + superblock. These changes may create some compatability + problems when a system older than FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE + attempts to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> or <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> a local + UFS1 filesystem created by FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE or + later. FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE and later are fully + compatible. This situation typically arises on a + dual-boot machine with multiple versions of FreeBSD + installed.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1247" name="AEN1247">2.1.7 + PCCARD Support</a></h3> + + <p> </p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1270" name="AEN1270">2.1.8 + Multimedia Support</a></h3> + + <p>A new API has been added for sound cards with + hardware volume control.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1301" name="AEN1301">2.1.9 + Contributed Software</a></h3> + + <p>The Forth Inspired Command Language (<b + class="APPLICATION">FICL</b>) used in the boot loader + has been updated to 3.02.</p> + + <p>Support for Advanced Configuration and Power + Interface (ACPI), a multi-vendor standard for + configuration and power management, has been added. + This functionality has been provided by the <b + class="APPLICATION">Intel ACPI Component + Architecture</b> project, as of the ACPI CA 20021118 + snapshot. Some backward compatability for applications + using the older APM standard has been provided.</p> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr /> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN1307" + name="AEN1307">2.1.9.1 IPFilter</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> has been + updated to 3.4.29. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr /> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="KAME-KERNEL" + name="KAME-KERNEL">2.1.9.3 KAME</a></h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr /> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.2 + Security-Related Changes</a></h2> + + <p>A buffer overflow in the resolver, which could be + exploited by a malicious domain name server or an + attacker forging DNS messages, has been fixed. See + security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:28.resolv.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:28</a> for more details. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A buffer overflow in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a>, which + could be triggered by badly-formed NFS packets, has been + fixed. See security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:29.tcpdump.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:29</a> for more details. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ktrace&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ktrace</span>(1)</span></a> can no + longer trace the operation of formerly privileged + processes; this prevents the leakage of sensitive + information that the process could have obtained before + abandoning its privileges. For a discussion of this + issue, see security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:30.ktrace.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:30</a> for more details. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A race condition in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pppd</span>(8)</span></a>, which + could be used to change the permissions of an arbitrary + file, has been corrected. For more information, see + security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:32.pppd.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:32</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Multiple buffer overflows in <b + class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> have been corrected, by + way of an upgrade to the base system version of <b + class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>. More details can be + found in security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:33.openssl.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:33</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A heap buffer overflow in the XDR decoder has been + fixed. For more details, see security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:34.rpc.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:34</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug that could allow local users to read and write + arbitrary blocks on an FFS filesystem has been corrected. + More details can be found in security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:35.ffs.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:35</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in the NFS server code, which could allow a + remote denial of service attack, has been fixed. Security + advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:36.nfs.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:36</a> has more details. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug that could allow local users to panic a system + using the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> + mechanism has been fixed. More information is contained + in security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:37.kqueue.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:37</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Several bounds-checking bugs in system calls, which + could result in some system calls returning a large + portion of kernel memory, have been fixed. More + information can be found in security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:38.signed-error.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:38</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug that could allow applications using <tt + class="FILENAME">libkvm</tt> to leak sensitive file + descriptors has been corrected. (See security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:39.libkvm.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:39</a> for more details.) + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Buffer overflows in kadmind(8) and k5admin have been + corrected. More details can be found in security advisory + <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:40.kadmind.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:40</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Errors in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smrsh&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">smrsh</span>(8)</span></a>, which + could allow users to circumvent restrictions on what + programs can be executed, have been fixed. See <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:41.smrsh.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:41</a> for details. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Buffer overflows in the DNS <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a>, + which could cause some applications to fail, have been + corrected. More details are in <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:42.resolv.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:42</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Multiple vulnerabilities in <b + class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> have been fixed, as + described in <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:43.bind.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:43</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A file descriptor leak in the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpathconf&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpathconf</span>(2)</span></a> + system call, which could allow a local user to crash the + system or cause a privilege escalation, has been fixed. + More details can be found in security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:44.filedesc.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:44</a>. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr /> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3 + Userland Changes</a></h2> + + <p>Support for creating <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=a.out&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">a.out</span>(5)</span></a> format + executables with the base system compiler toolchain has + been removed.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmuser&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmuser</span>(8)</span></a> are now + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> scripts, + rather than Perl scripts.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">arp</span>(8)</span></a> now prints + <tt class="LITERAL">[fddi]</tt> or <tt + class="LITERAL">[atm]</tt> tags for addresses on + interfaces of those types.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=asa&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">asa</span>(1)</span></a> utility, + to interpret FORTRAN carriage-control characters, has + been added.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=at&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">at</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports the <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt> command-line + option to remove jobs and the <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt> + option to specify times in POSIX time format.</p> + + <p>The system <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">awk</span>(1)</span></a> now refers + to <b class="APPLICATION">BWK awk</b>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=basename&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">basename</span>(1)</span></a> now + accept <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> and <tt + class="OPTION">-s</tt> flags, which allow it to perform + the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=basename&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">basename</span>(3)</span></a> + function on multiple files.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=biff&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">biff</span>(1)</span></a> now + accepts a <tt class="OPTION">b</tt> argument to enable + ``bell notification'' of new mail (which does not disturb + the terminal contents as <tt class="COMMAND">biff y</tt> + would). [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=biff&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">biff</span>(1)</span></a> now uses + the first terminal associated with the standard input, + standard output or standard error file descriptor, in + that order. Thus, it is possible to use the redirection + facilities of a shell (<tt class="COMMAND">biff n < + /dev/ttyp1</tt>) to toggle the notification for other + terminals.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports Disk At Once (DAO) mode, selectable via the <tt + class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now has + the ability to write VCDs/SVCDs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now + accepts a value of <tt class="LITERAL">max</tt> for its + <tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> option to set the drive's + maximum write speed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzgrep</span>(1)</span></a>, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzegrep</span>(1)</span></a>, and + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzfgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzfgrep</span>(1)</span></a> have + been added to perform <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=grep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">grep</span>(1)</span></a>-type + operations on <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>-compressed + files.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=calendar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">calendar</span>(1)</span></a> now + takes a <tt class="OPTION">-W</tt> option, which operates + similar to <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> but without special + treatment at weekends, and a <tt class="OPTION">-F</tt> + option to change the notion of ``Friday''.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=catman&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">catman</span>(1)</span></a> is now + a C program, instead of a Perl script.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="LITERAL">speed</tt> command to set + the maximum speed to be used by the drive (the maximum + possible speed can be selected setting the speed to <tt + class="LITERAL">max</tt>). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=check_utility_compat&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">check_utility_compat</span>(3)</span></a> + library function has been added to <tt + class="FILENAME">libc</tt>, to determine whether certain + FreeBSD base system utilities should behave in FreeBSD + 4-compatible mode or in a ``standard'' mode (default + standard). The configuration is done <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=malloc&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">malloc</span>(3)</span></a>-style, + with either an environment variable or a symbolic + link.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">chflags</span>(1)</span></a> has + moved from <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin</tt> to <tt + class="FILENAME">/bin</tt>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">chmod</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> for changing the + mode of a symbolic link.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">chmod</span>(1)</span></a> now + also, when the mode is modified, prints the old and new + modes if the <tt class="OPTION">-v</tt> option is + specified more than once.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chown&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">chown</span>(8)</span></a> no + longer takes <tt class="LITERAL">.</tt> as a user/group + delimeter. This change was made to support usernames + containing a <tt class="LITERAL">.</tt> character.</p> + + <p>Use of the <tt class="LITERAL">CSMG_*</tt> macros no + longer require inclusion of <tt + class="FILENAME"><sys/param.h></tt></p> + + <p>A <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> distribution has + been added for compatibility with FreeBSD 4-STABLE. It + includes a subset of the libraries distributed with + FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a + (nonstandard) <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option to + automatically answer ``no'' when it would ask to + overwrite a file. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csplit&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">csplit</span>(1)</span></a> + utility, which splits files based on context, has been + added.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ctags</span>(1)</span></a> now + creates tags for typedefs, structs, unions, and enums by + default (implying the <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt> option). + The new <tt class="OPTION">-T</tt> reverts to the old + behavior.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> + program, a command-line interface to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(3)</span></a>, has + been added. It detaches itself from its controlling + terminal and executes a program specified on the command + line. This allows the user to run an arbitrary program as + if it were written to be a daemon. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> utility, + a userland daemon that can run arbitrary commands when + devices come and go in the device tree, has been added. + This program is a generalization of some of the + functionality of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pccardd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pccardd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> is a + work in progress.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devinfo&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">devinfo</span>(8)</span></a>, a + simple tool to print the device tree and resource usage + by devices, has been added.</p> + + <p>diskpart(8) has been declared obsolete, and has been + removed.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> flag for dumping + live UFS and UFS2 filesystems safely. To obtain a + consistent dump image, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> takes a + snapshot of the filesystem and performs the dump on the + snapshot. The snapshot is removed when the dump is + complete.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a new <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> flag to allow + it to just print out the dump size estimates and exit. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=expr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">expr</span>(1)</span></a> is now + compliant with POSIX.2-1992 (and thus also with + POSIX.1-2001). Some program depend on the old, historic + behavior and do not properly protect their arguments to + keep them from being misinterpreted as command-line + options. (the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/libtool/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">devel/libtool</tt></a> port/package, + used by many GNU programs, is a notable example). The old + behavior can be requested by enabling compatibility mode + for <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=expr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">expr</span>(1)</span></a> as + described in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=check_utility_compat&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">check_utility_compat</span>(3)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fbtab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fbtab</span>(5)</span></a> now + accepts glob matching patterns for target devices, not + just individual devices and directories.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdread&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdread</span>(1)</span></a>, a + program to read data from floppy disks, has been added. + It is a counterpart to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdwrite&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdwrite</span>(1)</span></a> and is + designed to provide a means of recovering at least some + data from bad media, and to obviate the need for a + complex invocation of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now has + support for a <tt class="FILENAME">.pubkey</tt> file. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-g</tt> flag to restrict + the printing of GECOS information to the user's full name + only. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports the <tt class="OPTION">-4</tt> and <tt + class="OPTION">-6</tt> flags to specify an address family + for remote queries. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fold&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fold</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-b</tt> flag to break at + byte positions and a <tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> flag to + break at word boundaries. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> wrappers + have been imported; this feature provides infrastructure + for <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> to work + on different types of filesystems (analogous to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a>).</p> + + <p>The behavior of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> when + dealing with various passes (a la <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>) has been modified to + accommodate multiple-disk filesystems.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> now has + support for foreground (<tt class="OPTION">-F</tt>) and + background (<tt class="OPTION">-B</tt>) checks. + Traditionally, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> is + invoked before the filesystems are mounted and all checks + are done to completion at that time. If background + checking is available, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> is + invoked twice. It is first invoked at the traditional + time, before the filesystems are mounted, with the <tt + class="OPTION">-F</tt> flag to do checking on all the + filesystems that cannot do background checking. It is + then invoked a second time, after the system has + completed going multiuser, with the <tt + class="OPTION">-B</tt> flag to do checking on all the + filesystems that can do background checking. Unlike the + foreground checking, the background checking is started + asynchronously so that other system activity can proceed + even on the filesystems that are being checked. Boot-time + enabling of this feature is controlled by the <tt + class="VARNAME">background_fsck</tt> option in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck_ffs</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports background filesystem checks to mounted FFS + filesystems with the <tt class="OPTION">-B</tt> option + (Soft Updates must be enabled on these filesystems). The + <tt class="OPTION">-F</tt> flag now determines whether a + specified filesystem needs foreground checking.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports the <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> option to permit + guest users to modify existing files if allowed by + filesystem permissions. In particular, this enables guest + users to resume uploads. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports the <tt class="OPTION">-M</tt> option to prevent + guest users from creating directories. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports <tt class="OPTION">-o</tt> and <tt + class="OPTION">-O</tt> options to disable the <tt + class="LITERAL">RETR</tt> command; the former for + everybody, and the latter only for guest users. Coupled + with <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> and appropriate file + permissions, these can be used to create a relatively + safe anonymous FTP drop box for others to upload to. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports the <tt class="OPTION">-W</tt> option to disable + logging FTP sessions to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wtmp&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">wtmp</span>(5)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwcontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwcontrol</span>(8)</span></a> + utility has been added to help users access and control + the FireWire subsystem. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getconf&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">getconf</span>(1)</span></a> + utility has been added. It prints the values of POSIX or + X/Open path or system configuration variables. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>gifconfig(8) is obsolete and has been removed. Its + functionality is now handled by the <tt + class="OPTION">tunnel</tt> and <tt + class="OPTION">deletetunnel</tt> commands of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gprof&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">gprof</span>(1)</span></a> now has + a <tt class="OPTION">-K</tt> option to enable dynamic + symbol resolution from the currently-running kernel. With + this change, properly-compiled KLD modules are now able + to be profiled.</p> + + <p>The ibcs(8), linux(8), osf1(8), and svr4(8) scripts, + whose sole purpose was to load emulation kernel modules, + have been removed. The kernel module system will + automatically load them as needed to fulfill + dependencies.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> now + has the ability to set promiscuous mode on an interface, + via the new <tt class="OPTION">promisc</tt> flag. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="LITERAL">monitor</tt> interface + flag, which blocks transmission of packets on that + interface. This feature is useful for monitoring network + traffic without interacting with the network in + question.</p> + + <p>By default, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> is no + longer run by <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a> at + boot-time, although <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> + gives the option of enabling it during binary + installations. <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> can also + be enabled by adding the following line to <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt>:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + inetd_enable="YES" +</pre> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> now has + the capability for limiting the maximum number of + simultaneous invocations of each service from a single IP + address. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> filter + rules can now match on the value of the IPv4 precedence + field.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kbdmap&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">kbdmap</span>(1)</span></a> and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidfont&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">vidfont</span>(1)</span></a> have + been converted from Perl to C.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kenv&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">kenv</span>(1)</span></a> now has + the ability to set or delete kernel environment + variables.</p> + + <p>The kget(8) utility has been removed (it was only + useful for UserConfig, which is not present in FreeBSD + 5.0-RELEASE).</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a> no + longer tries to kill zombie processes unless the <tt + class="OPTION">-z</tt> flag is specified.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ktrdump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ktrdump</span>(8)</span></a>, a + utility to dump the ktr trace buffer from userland, has + been added.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ldd</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> flag to list all + the objects that are needed by each loaded object.</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libc</tt> is now thread-safe by + default; <tt class="FILENAME">libc_r</tt> contains only + thread functions.</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libstand</tt> now has support for + overwriting the contents of a file on a UFS filesystem + (it cannot expand or truncate files because the + filesystem may be dirty or inconsistent).</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libgmp</tt> has been superceded + by <tt class="FILENAME">libmp</tt>.</p> + + <p>The functions from <tt + class="FILENAME">libposix1e</tt> have been integrated + into <tt class="FILENAME">libc</tt>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lock&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">lock</span>(1)</span></a> now + accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-v</tt> to disable switching + VTYs while the current terminal is locked. This permits + locking the entire console from a single terminal. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpc</span>(8)</span></a> has been + improved; <tt class="COMMAND">lpc clean</tt> is now + somewhat safer, and a new <tt class="COMMAND">lpc + tclean</tt> command has been added to check to see what + files would be removed by <tt class="COMMAND">lpc + clean</tt>. <tt class="COMMAND">lpc topq</tt> has been + reimplemented, and now allows for a much more flexible + specification of which jobs should be moved (such as a + range of job numbers, or a hostname). An <tt + class="COMMAND">lpc bottomq</tt> command has been added + to move jobs to the bottom of a print queue, and a new + <tt class="COMMAND">lpc setstatus</tt> command can be + used to set a printer's status message. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> program now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> flag to list files + across a page, a <tt class="OPTION">-p</tt> flag to force + printing of a <tt class="LITERAL">/</tt> after + directories, and a <tt class="OPTION">-x</tt> flag to + sort filenames across a page. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=makewhatis&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">makewhatis</span>(1)</span></a> is + now a C program, instead of a Perl script.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> is no + longer installed SUID <tt class="USERNAME">man</tt>, in + order to reduce vulnerabilities associated with + generating ``catpages'' (preformatted manual pages cached + for repeated viewing). As a result, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> can no + longer create system catpages on a regular user's behalf. + It is still able to do so if the user has write + permissions to the directory holding catpages (e.g. a + user's own manpages) or if the running user is <tt + class="USERNAME">root</tt>.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> command + has been added; it is a wrapper around <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>, and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> that + mimics the command line option set of the deprecated <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_mfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_mfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mesg&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mesg</span>(1)</span></a> now + conforms to SUSv3. Among other things, it now uses the + first terminal associated with the standard input, + standard output or standard error file descriptor, in + that order. Thus, it is possible to use the redirection + facilities of a shell (<tt class="COMMAND">mesg n < + /dev/ttyp1</tt>) to control write access for other + terminals.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mountd</span>(8)</span></a> and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nfsd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">nfsd</span>(8)</span></a> have + moved from <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin</tt> to <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin</tt>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mv&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mv</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a + (nonstandard) <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option to + automatically answer ``no'' when it would ask to + overwrite a file. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A number of archaic features of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> have + been removed; these implemented tuning features that are + essentially useless on modern hard disks. These features + were controlled by the <tt class="OPTION">-O</tt>, <tt + class="OPTION">-d</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-k</tt>, <tt + class="OPTION">-l</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt>, <tt + class="OPTION">-p</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt>, <tt + class="OPTION">-t</tt>, and <tt class="OPTION">-x</tt> + flags.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-O</tt> flag to select the + creation of UFS1 or UFS2 filesystems.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newgrp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">newgrp</span>(1)</span></a> utility + to change to a new group has been added.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a> now + compresses log files using <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a> by + default. (The former behavior of using <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a> can be + specified in <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/newsyslog.conf</tt>.)</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nextboot&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">nextboot</span>(8)</span></a> + utility has been added to specify an alternate kernel + and/or boot flags to be used the next time the machine is + booted. A previous incarnation of this feature first + appeared in FreeBSD 2.2.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">NFS</b> now works over + IPv6.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nice&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">nice</span>(1)</span></a> now uses + the <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option to specify the + ``niceness'' of the utility being run. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">nsswitch</b> support has been + merged from NetBSD. By creating an <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsswitch.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsswitch.conf</span>(5)</span></a> + file, FreeBSD can be configured so that various databases + such as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> can be + looked up using flat files, NIS, or Hesiod. If <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> does not exist, + it will be automatically generated from an existing <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts.conf</tt> at system startup + time. The <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts.conf</tt> file + may be used by old executables; it will be automatically + generated from an existing <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> during system + startup if it exists.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">od</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports the <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> option to specify + the input address base, the <tt class="OPTION">-N</tt> + option to specify the number of bytes to dump, the <tt + class="OPTION">-j</tt> option to specify the number of + bytes to skip, the <tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> option to + output signed decimal shorts, and the <tt + class="OPTION">-t</tt> option to specify output type. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ofwdump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ofwdump</span>(8)</span></a> + utility has been added to examine the OpenFirmware device + tree.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> support has been added + for account management and sessions.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> configuration is now + specified by files in <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/pam.d/</tt>, rather than a single + <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/pam.conf</tt> file. <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/pam.d/README</tt> has more + details.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_echo&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_echo</span>(8)</span></a> echo + service module has been added.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_exec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_exec</span>(8)</span></a> + program execution service module has been added.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_ftp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_ftp</span>(8)</span></a> module + has been added to allow authentication of anonymous FTP + users.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_ftpusers&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_ftpusers</span>(8)</span></a> + module has been added to perform checks against the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpusers&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpusers</span>(5)</span></a> + file.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_ksu&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_ksu</span>(8)</span></a> module + has been added to do Kerberos 5 authentication and <tt + class="FILENAME">$HOME/.k5login</tt> authorization for <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a>.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_lastlog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_lastlog</span>(8)</span></a> + module has been added to record sessions in the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=utmp&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">utmp</span>(5)</span></a>, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wtmp&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">wtmp</span>(5)</span></a>, and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lastlog&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">lastlog</span>(5)</span></a> + databases.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_login_access&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_login_access</span>(8)</span></a> + module has been added, to allow checking against <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/login.access</tt>.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_nologin</span>(8)</span></a> + module, which can disallow logins using <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(5)</span></a>, has + been added.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_opie&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_opie</span>(8)</span></a> and + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_opieaccess&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_opieaccess</span>(8)</span></a> + modules have been added to control authentication via <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=opie&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">opie</span>(4)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_passwdqc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_passwdqc</span>(8)</span></a> + module has been added, to check the quality of passwords + submitted during password changes.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_rhosts&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_rhosts</span>(8)</span></a> + module has been added to support <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rhosts&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rhosts</span>(5)</span></a> + authentication.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_rootok&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_rootok</span>(8)</span></a> + module, which can be used to authenticate only the + superuser, has been added.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_securetty&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_securetty</span>(8)</span></a> + module has been added to check the ``security'' of a TTY, + as listed in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ttys&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ttys</span>(5)</span></a>.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_self&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_self</span>(8)</span></a> + module, which allows self-authentication of a user, has + been added.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_wheel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_wheel</span>(8)</span></a> + module has been added to permit authentication to members + of a group, which defaults to <tt + class="GROUPNAME">wheel</tt>.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pathchk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pathchk</span>(1)</span></a> + utility, which checks pathnames for validity or + portability between POSIX systems, has been added. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-o</tt> flag to exit after + receiving a reply.</p> + + <p>prefix(8) is obsolete and has been removed. Its + functionality is provided by the <tt + class="OPTION">eui64</tt> command to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pselect&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pselect</span>(3)</span></a> + library function (introduced by POSIX.1 as a slightly + stronger version of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=select&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">select</span>(2)</span></a>) has + been added.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pwd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pwd</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports the <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> flag to print the + logical current working directory. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=quota&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">quota</span>(1)</span></a> now + takes a <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> flag to suppress quote + checks on NFS filesystems.</p> + + <p>The pseudo-random number generator implemented by <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rand&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rand</span>(3)</span></a> has been + improved to provide less biased results.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rcmd&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rcmd</span>(3)</span></a> now + supports the use of the <tt class="ENVAR">RSH</tt> + environment variable to specify a program to use other + than <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rsh</span>(1)</span></a> for remote + execution. As a result, programs such as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> can use + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a> for remote + transport.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rdist&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rdist</span>(1)</span></a> has been + retired from the base system, but is still available from + FreeBSD Ports Collection as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/44bsd-rdist/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/44bsd-rdist</tt></a>.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=renice&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">renice</span>(8)</span></a> command + implements a <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option, which + specifies an increment to be applied to the priority of a + process. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcbind&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpcbind</span>(8)</span></a> has + replaced <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portmap&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">portmap</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcgen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpcgen</span>(1)</span></a> now + uses <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/cpp</tt> (as on + NetBSD), not <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/libexec/cpp</tt>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpc.lockd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpc.lockd</span>(8)</span></a> has + been imported from NetBSD. This daemon provides support + for servicing client NFS locks.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> will now + print the names of all objects that cause each object to + be loaded, if the <tt + class="VARNAME">LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_ALL</tt> + environment variable is defined.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> now takes + a <tt class="OPTION">-i</tt> option to enable in-place + editing of files. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setfacl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">setfacl</span>(1)</span></a> and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getfacl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">getfacl</span>(1)</span></a> + commands have been added to manage filesystem Access + Control Lists.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> no longer + implements <tt class="COMMAND">printf</tt> as a built-in + command because it was considered less valuable compared + to the other built-in commands (this functionality is, of + course, still available through the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(1)</span></a> + executable).</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> option to prevent + existing regular files from being overwritten by output + redirection, and a <tt class="OPTION">-u</tt> to give an + error if an unset variable is expanded. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> built-in + <tt class="COMMAND">cd</tt> command now supports <tt + class="OPTION">-L</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-P</tt> + flags to invoke logical or physical modes of operation, + respectively. Logical mode is the default, but the + default can be changed with the <tt + class="VARNAME">physical</tt> <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> option. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> built-in + <tt class="COMMAND">jobs</tt> command now supports a <tt + class="OPTION">-s</tt> flag to output PIDs only and a <tt + class="OPTION">-l</tt> flag to add PIDs to the output. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="COMMAND">bind</tt> built-in + command, which allows the key bindings for the shell's + line editor to be changed.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> built-in + <tt class="COMMAND">export</tt> and <tt + class="COMMAND">readonly</tt> commands now support a <tt + class="OPTION">-p</tt> flag to print their output in + ``portable'' format. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> no longer + accepts invalid constructs as <tt class="COMMAND"><tt + class="REPLACEABLE"><i>command</i></tt> & && + <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>command</i></tt></tt>, <tt + class="COMMAND">&& <tt + class="REPLACEABLE"><i>command</i></tt></tt>, or <tt + class="COMMAND">|| <tt + class="REPLACEABLE"><i>command</i></tt></tt>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=spkrtest&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">spkrtest</span>(8)</span></a> is + now a <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> script, + rather than a Perl script.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=split&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">split</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> option to specify + the number of letters to use for the suffix of split + files. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>In preparation for meeting SUSv2/POSIX <tt + class="FILENAME"><sys/select.h></tt> requirements, + <tt class="LITERAL">struct selinfo</tt> and related + functions have been moved to <tt + class="FILENAME"><sys/selinfo.h></tt>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> now uses <b + class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> for authentication.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> now + accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag to print the + descriptions of variables.</p> + + <p>The default root partition in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> is + now 100MB on the i386 and pc98, 120MB on the Alpha.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now + lives in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin</tt>, which + simplifies the installation process. The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> + manpage is also installed in a more consistent fashion + now.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> no + longer mounts the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> + filesystem by default on new installs. This change was + made to improve security, but <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> can + still be mounted manually or via an appropriate line in + the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a> + file.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tabs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tabs</span>(1)</span></a>, a + utility to set terminal tab stops, has been added.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=termcap&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">termcap</span>(5)</span></a> + database now uses the <tt class="LITERAL">xterm</tt> + terminal type from <b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>. As + a result, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xterm&sektion=1&manpath=XFree86+4.2.0"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">xterm</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports color by default and the common workaround of + setting <tt class="VARNAME">TERM</tt> to <tt + class="LITERAL">xterm-color</tt> is no longer necessary. + Use of the <tt class="LITERAL">xterm-color</tt> terminal + type may result in (benign) warnings from + applications.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports RFC 2349 (TFTP Timeout Interval and Transfer + Size Options); this feature is required by some firmware + like EFI boot managers (at least on HP i2000 Itanium + servers) in order to boot an image using <b + class="APPLICATION">TFTP</b>.</p> + + <p>A version of Transport Independent RPC (<b + class="APPLICATION">TI-RPC</b>) has been imported.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tip</span>(1)</span></a> has been + updated from <b class="APPLICATION">OpenBSD</b>, and has + the ability to act as a <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">cu</span>(1)</span></a> + substitute.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> will now + use the full width of its tty.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=touch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">touch</span>(1)</span></a> now + takes a <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> option to operate on a + symbolic link, rather than what the link points to.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a> now has + basic support for equivalence classes for locales that + support them. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> flag to complement + the set of characters specified by the first string + argument.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports the <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> and <tt + class="OPTION">-l</tt> flags to enable and disable the + <tt class="LITERAL">FS_ACLS</tt> and <tt + class="LITERAL">FS_MULTILABEL</tt> administrative flags + on UFS file system.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ugidfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ugidfw</span>(8)</span></a> utility + has been added to manage the rulesets provided by the <tt + class="LITERAL">mac_bsdextended</tt> Mandatory Access + Control policy, similar to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">UUCP</b> has been removed from + the base system. It can be found in the Ports Collection, + in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/freebsd-uucp/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/freebsd-uucp</tt></a>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unexpand&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">unexpand</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt> to specify tabstops + analogous to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=expand&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">expand</span>(1)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=usbdevs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">usbdevs</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag to show the + device driver associated with each device.</p> + + <p>The base64 capabilities of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuencode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuencode</span>(1)</span></a> and + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uudecode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uudecode</span>(1)</span></a> can + now be automatically enabled by invoking these utilities + as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64encode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">b64encode</span>(1)</span></a> and + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64decode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">b64decode</span>(1)</span></a> + respectively. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Functions to implement and manipulate OSF/DCE + 1.1-compliant UUIDs have been added to <tt + class="FILENAME">libc</tt>. More information can be found + in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuid&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuid</span>(3)</span></a>.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuidgen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuidgen</span>(1)</span></a> + utility has been added. It uses the new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuidgen&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuidgen</span>(2)</span></a> system + call to generate one or more Universally Unique + Identifiers compatible with OSF/DCE 1.1 version 1 + UUIDs.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">vidcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> to allow the user to + disable VTY switching. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default stripe size in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(8)</span></a> has been + changed from 256KB to 279KB, to spread out superblocks + more evenly between stripes.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wc&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">wc</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> flag to count + characters, rather than bytes.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whereis&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">whereis</span>(1)</span></a>, + formerly a Perl script, has been rewritten in C. It now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-x</tt> flag to suppress + the run of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=locate&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">locate</span>(1)</span></a>, and a + <tt class="OPTION">-q</tt> flag suppresses the leading + name of the query.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whereis&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">whereis</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> flag to report all + matches instead of only the first of each requested + type.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=which&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">which</span>(1)</span></a> is now a + C program, rather than a Perl script.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=who&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">who</span>(1)</span></a> now has a + number of new options: <tt class="OPTION">-H</tt> shows + column headings; <tt class="OPTION">-T</tt> shows <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mesg&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mesg</span>(1)</span></a> state; + <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> is an equivalent to <tt + class="OPTION">am i</tt>; <tt class="OPTION">-u</tt> + shows idle time; <tt class="OPTION">-q</tt> to list names + in columns. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wicontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">wicontrol</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> to list the + stations associated in <tt class="LITERAL">hostap</tt> + mode and a <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> to list available + access points.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-I</tt> <tt + class="REPLACEABLE"><i>replstr</i></tt> option that + allows the user to tell <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> to + insert the data read from standard input at specific + points in the command line arguments rather than at the + end. (A FreeBSD-specific <tt class="OPTION">-J</tt> + option is similar.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> option to force its + utility argument to be called after some number of lines. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Various routines in the C library now have support for + ``wide'' characters. Among these are character class + functions such as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wctype&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">wctype</span>(3)</span></a>, wide + character I/O functions such as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getwc&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">getwc</span>(3)</span></a>, + formatted I/O functions such as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wprintf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">wprintf</span>(3)</span></a> and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wscanf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">wscanf</span>(3)</span></a>. + Conversion functions to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=multibyte&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">multibyte</span>(3)</span></a> + characters are also supported.</p> + + <p>A number of utilities and libraries were enhanced to + improve their conformance with the Single UNIX + Specification (SUSv3) and IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 + (``POSIX.1''). Specific features added have been listed + in the release notes for each utility. The standards + conformance of each utility or library function is + generally listed in its manual page.</p> + + <p>A number of traditional BSD games have been removed + from the base system; they are now available in the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/games/freebsd-games/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">games/freebsd-games</tt></a> port. + These include: adventure(6), arithmetic(6), atc(6), + backgammon(6), battlestar(6), bs(6), canfield(6), + cribbage(6), fish(6), hack(6), hangman(6), larn(6), + mille(6), phantasia(6), piano(6), pig(6), quiz(6), + rain(6), robots(6), rogue(6), sail(6), snake(6), trek(6), + wargames(6), worm(6), worms(6), and wump(6). dm(8), which + was used to control access to games, is no longer + necessary, and has also been removed. The + ``utility-like'' games, as well as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fortune&sektion=6&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fortune</span>(6)</span></a>, + remain.</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN3866" name="AEN3866">2.3.1 + Contributed Software</a></h3> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">am-utils</b> has been updated + to 6.0.7.</p> + + <p>A 29 November 2002 snapshot of <b + class="APPLICATION">awk</b> from Bell Labs (variously + known as ``BWK awk'' or ``The One True AWK'') has been + imported. It is available as <tt + class="COMMAND">awk</tt> or <tt + class="COMMAND">nawk</tt>.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated to + 8.3.3. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> has been updated + to a pre-release snapshot of 2.13.2 from 27 October + 2002.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">file</b> has been updated to + 3.39.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">gcc</b> has been updated to + <b class="APPLICATION">gcc</b> 3.2.1 (released + version).</p> + + <div class="WARNING"> + <blockquote class="WARNING"> + <p><b>Warning:</b> The C++ ABI from <b + class="APPLICATION">gcc</b> 3.2.1 is not compatible + with previous versions.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">gdb</b> has been updated to + version 5.2.1.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">gperf</b> has been updated to + 2.7.2.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">groff</b> and its related + utilities have been updated to FSF version 1.18.1.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> has been + updated to 0.5.1. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> client has + been updated to 3.0.1RC9.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=more&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">more</span>(1)</span></a> command + has been replaced by <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=less&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">less</span>(1)</span></a>, + although it can still be run as <tt + class="COMMAND">more</tt>. [MERGED] Version 371 of <b + class="APPLICATION">less</b> has been imported.</p> + + <p>An XML processing library, named <tt + class="FILENAME">libbsdxml</tt>, has been added for the + benefit of XML-using utilities in the base system. It + is based almost entirely on an import of <b + class="APPLICATION">expat</b> 1.95.5, but is installed + under a different name to avoid conflicts with any + versions of <b class="APPLICATION">expat</b> installed + from the Ports Collection.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> has been updated + to 0.7.1. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">libreadline</b> has been + updated to 4.2.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">libz</b> has been updated to + 1.1.4.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">lint</b> has been updated to + snapshot of NetBSD <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lint&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">lint</span>(1)</span></a> as of + 19 July 2002.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftp</b> 1.6 beta 2 (the + FTP client from NetBSD) has replaced the FreeBSD <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp</span>(1)</span></a> program. + Among its new features are more automation methods, + better standards compliance, transfer rate throttling, + and a customizable command-line prompt. Some + environment variables and command-line arguments have + changed.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=m4&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">m4</span>(1)</span></a> has been + imported from OpenBSD, as of 26 April 2002. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">ncurses</b> has been updated + to 5.2-20020615.</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> suite of programs + has been updated to 4.1.1b.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> (``Citronella'' + release) has been imported, replacing <b + class="APPLICATION">Linux-PAM</b>.</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">OPIE</b> + one-time-password suite has been updated to 2.4. It has + completely replaced the functionality of <b + class="APPLICATION">S/Key</b>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> has been removed + from the FreeBSD base system. It can be installed from + the FreeBSD Ports Collection, as a binary package, or + via the <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Perl + distribution</span> item in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>'s + distribution menu. Moving Perl out of the base system + will make future upgrades and maintenence easier. To + reduce the dependence of the base system on Perl, many + utilities have been rewritten as shell scripts or C + programs (specific notes are made for each affected + utility).</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> The Perl script removal work is + ongoing.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> Most of the distribution sets in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> + include the new Perl distribution. This change will + therefore be transparent to most users, with the + exception that updating Perl will be done + separately from the base system.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU ptx</b> has been removed + from the base system. It is not used anywhere in the + base system, and has not been recently updated or + maintained. Users requiring its functionality can + install this utility as a part of the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/textproc/textutils/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">textproc/textutils</tt></a> + port.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">rc.d</tt> framework from + NetBSD has been imported. It breaks down the system + startup functionality into a number of small, + ``task-oriented'' scripts in <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt>, with + dynamic-determined ordering of startup scripts + performed at boot-time.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU sort</b> has been updated + to the version from <b class="APPLICATION">GNU + textutils 2.0.21</b>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">stat</span>(1)</span></a> from <b + class="APPLICATION">NetBSD</b>, as of 5 June 2002 has, + been imported.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b> has been updated + to 1.13.25. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> has been updated + to 3.7.1. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">csh</span>(1)</span></a> shell + has been replaced by <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcsh</span>(1)</span></a>, + although it can still be run as <tt + class="COMMAND">csh</tt>. <b + class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> has been updated to + version 6.12. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The contributed version of <b + class="APPLICATION">tcp_wrappers</b> now includes the + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpd</span>(8)</span></a> helper + daemon. While not strictly necessary in a standard + FreeBSD installation (because <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> + already incorporates this functionality), this may be + useful for <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> + replacements such as <b class="APPLICATION">xinetd</b>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">texinfo</b> has been updated + to 4.2. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">top</b> has been updated to + version 3.5b12. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">traceroute</b> has been + updated to LBL version 1.4a12.</p> + + <p>The timezone database has been updated to the <tt + class="FILENAME">tzdata2002d</tt> release. [MERGED]</p> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr /> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4060" + name="AEN4060">2.3.1.1 CVS</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">cvs</b> has been updated to + a snapshot of 1.11.2.1, as of 1 December 2002. + [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr /> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4083" + name="AEN4083">2.3.1.2 CVSup</a></h4> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr /> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="KAME-USERLAND" + name="KAME-USERLAND">2.3.1.3 KAME</a></h4> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr /> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4126" + name="AEN4126">2.3.1.4 OpenSSH</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been + updated to version 3.4p1. [MERGED] Among the + changes:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">*2</tt> files are + obsolete (for example, <tt + class="FILENAME">~/.ssh/known_hosts</tt> can hold + the contents of <tt + class="FILENAME">~/.ssh/known_hosts2</tt>).</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-keygen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-keygen</span>(1)</span></a> + can import and export keys using the SECSH Public + Key File Format, for key exchange with several + commercial SSH implementations.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-add</span>(1)</span></a> + now adds all three default keys.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-keygen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-keygen</span>(1)</span></a> + no longer defaults to a specific key type; one + must be specified with the <tt + class="OPTION">-t</tt> option.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>A ``privilege separation'' feature, which uses + unprivileged processes to contain and restrict + the effects of future compromises or programming + errors.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Several bugfixes, including closure of a + security hole that could lead to an integer + overflow and undesired privilege escalation.</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br /> + <br /> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr /> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4213" + name="AEN4213">2.3.1.5 OpenSSL</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> has been + updated to 0.9.6g. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr /> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4222" + name="AEN4222">2.3.1.6 sendmail</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been + updated from version 8.9.3 to version 8.12.6. + Important changes include: <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendmail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span></a> + is no longer installed as a set-user-ID <tt + class="USERNAME">root</tt> binary (now set-group-ID + <tt class="GROUPNAME">smmsp</tt>); new default file + locations (see <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README</tt>); + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newaliases&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">newaliases</span>(1)</span></a> + is limited to <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> and + trusted users; STARTTLS encryption; and the MSA port + (587) is turned on by default. See <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES</tt> + for more information. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>By default, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a> no + longer enables <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> + for inbound SMTP connections. Note that <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> + may override this default for a binary installation, + based on what security profile is selected. This + functionality can also be manually enabled by adding + the following line to <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt>:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + sendmail_enable="YES" +</pre> + + <p>The permissions for <b + class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> alias and map + databases built via <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/mail/Makefile</tt> now default + to mode 0640 to protect against a file locking local + denial of service. It can be changed by setting the + new <tt class="VARNAME">SENDMAIL_MAP_PERMS</tt> <tt + class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt> option. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The permissions for the <b + class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> statistics file, <tt + class="FILENAME">/var/log/sendmail.st</tt>, have been + changed from mode 0644 to mode 0640 to protect + against a file locking local denial of service. + [MERGED]</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN4323" name="AEN4323">2.3.2 + Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</a></h3> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">BSDPAN</b>, a collection of + modules that provides tighter integration of <b + class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> into the FreeBSD Ports + Collection, has been added.</p> + + <p>For some time, FreeBSD 5.0-CURRENT (as well as some + 4.X releases) included a pkg_update(1) utility to + update installed packages, as well as their + dependencies. This utility has been removed; a superset + of its functionality can be found in the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a> + port.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a>, + formerly a Perl script, has been rewritten in C. The + <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt>, frequently misused, has + been removed. The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a> port + provides a supported and safer alternative.</p> + + <p>The Ports Collection infrastructure now uses <b + class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> 4.2.1 as the default + version of the X Window System for the purposes of + satisfying dependencies. To return to using <b + class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> 3.3.6, add the + following line to <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt>: [MERGED]</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + XFREE86_VERSION=3 +</pre> + + <p>The libraries installed by the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/linux_base/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">emulators/linux_base</tt></a> port + (required for Linux emulation) have been updated; they + now correspond to those included with <b + class="APPLICATION">Red Hat Linux</b> 7.1. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>By default, packages generated by the Ports + Collection (as well as the packages on the FTP sites) + are now compressed using <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>, + rather than <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a>. (Thus, + they now have a <tt class="FILENAME">.tbz</tt> + extension, rather than a <tt class="FILENAME">.tgz</tt> + extension.) The package tools have been updated to + handle the new format.</p> + + <p>The Ports Collection now maintains a separate index + file (<tt class="FILENAME">/usr/ports/INDEX-5</tt>) for + use with FreeBSD 5-CURRENT. A major motivation for a + separate index file is to cope with dependencies (such + as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">lang/perl5</tt></a>) that exist in + FreeBSD 5-CURRENT but not FreeBSD 4-STABLE. The index + file for each package set is still called <tt + class="FILENAME">INDEX</tt>.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr /> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN4441" name="AEN4441">2.4 + Release Engineering and Integration</a></h2> + + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> distribution has + been renamed <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, in order to + make creation of combined install/recovery disks + easier.</p> + + <p>It is now possible to make releases of FreeBSD + 5-CURRENT on a FreeBSD 4-STABLE host and vice versa. + Cross-architecture (building a release for a target + architecture on a host of a different architecture) + releases are also possible. See <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=release&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">release</span>(7)</span></a> for + details. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A third <tt class="FILENAME">drivers.flp</tt> floppy + has been added to floppy releases. It holds loadable + modules containing drivers that do not fit in the kernel + on the <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> disk or in the + <tt class="FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt> image.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr /> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN4466" name="AEN4466">2.5 + Documentation</a></h2> + + <p>A number of formerly-encumbered documents from the 4.4 + BSD Programmer's Supplementary Documents have been + restored to <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/psd</tt>. + These include:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The + UNIX Time-Sharing System</i></span> (<tt + class="FILENAME">01.cacm</tt>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">UNIX + Implementation</i></span> (<tt + class="FILENAME">02.implement</tt>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The + UNIX I/O System</i></span> (<tt + class="FILENAME">03.iosys</tt>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">UNIX + Programming -- Second Edition</i></span> (<tt + class="FILENAME">04.uprog</tt>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The C + Programming Language -- Reference Manual</i></span> + (<tt class="FILENAME">06.Clang</tt>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Yacc: + Yet Another Compiler-Compiler</i></span> (<tt + class="FILENAME">15.yacc</tt>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Lex -- + A Lexical Analyzer Generator</i></span> (<tt + class="FILENAME">16.lex</tt>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The M4 + Macro Processor</i></span> (<tt + class="FILENAME">17.m4</tt>)</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>Several formerly-encumbered documents from the 4.4 BSD + User's Supplementary Documents have been restored to <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/usd</tt>. They + include:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i + class="EMPHASIS">NROFF/TROFF User's Manual</i></span> + (<tt class="FILENAME">21.troff</tt>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">A TROFF + Tutorial</i></span> (<tt + class="FILENAME">22.trofftut</tt>)</p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr /> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3 + Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></h1> + + <p>Users with existing FreeBSD systems are <span + class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">highly</i></span> + encouraged to read the ``Early Adopter's Guide to FreeBSD + 5.0''. This document generally has the filename <tt + class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt> on the distribution media, + or any other place that the release notes can be found. It + offers some notes on upgrading, but more importantly, also + discusses some of the relative merits of upgrading to + FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> versus + running FreeBSD 4.<tt + class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of + course, only be attempted after backing up <span + class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span> + data and configuration files.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <hr /> + + <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related + documents, can be downloaded from <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> + before contacting <<a + href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small>For questions about this + documentation, e-mail <<a + href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> + <br /> + <br /> + </body> +</html> + |