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+ <title>FreeBSD/pc98 5.1-RELEASE Release Notes</title>
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+ link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
+ <div class="ARTICLE">
+ <div class="TITLEPAGE">
+ <h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/pc98
+ 5.1-RELEASE Release Notes</a></h1>
+
+ <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
+
+ <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002,
+ 2003 by The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
+
+ <p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD:
+ src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+ 1.573 2003/05/28 21:01:22 hrs Exp $<br />
+ </p>
+
+ <div>
+ <div class="ABSTRACT">
+ <a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+
+ <p>The release notes for FreeBSD 5.1-RELEASE contain a
+ summary of recent changes made to the FreeBSD base
+ system on the 5-CURRENT development branch. This
+ document lists applicable security advisories that were
+ issued since the last release, as well as significant
+ changes to the FreeBSD kernel and userland. Some brief
+ remarks on upgrading are also presented.</p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="TOC">
+ <dl>
+ <dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
+
+ <dt>1 <a href="#INTRO">Introduction</a></dt>
+
+ <dt>2 <a href="#NEW">What's New</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <dl>
+ <dt>2.1 <a href="#SECURITY">Security
+ Advisories</a></dt>
+
+ <dt>2.2 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <dl>
+ <dt>2.2.1 <a href="#PROC">Processor/Motherboard
+ Support</a></dt>
+
+ <dt>2.2.2 <a href="#BOOT">Boot Loader
+ Changes</a></dt>
+
+ <dt>2.2.3 <a href="#NET-IF">Network Interface
+ Support</a></dt>
+
+ <dt>2.2.4 <a href="#NET-PROTO">Network
+ Protocols</a></dt>
+
+ <dt>2.2.5 <a href="#DISKS">Disks and
+ Storage</a></dt>
+
+ <dt>2.2.6 <a href="#FS">File Systems</a></dt>
+
+ <dt>2.2.7 <a href="#PCCARD">PCCARD
+ Support</a></dt>
+
+ <dt>2.2.8 <a href="#MM">Multimedia
+ Support</a></dt>
+ </dl>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt>
+
+ <dt>2.4 <a href="#CONTRIB">Contributed
+ Software</a></dt>
+
+ <dt>2.5 <a href="#PORTS">Ports/Packages Collection
+ Infrastructure</a></dt>
+
+ <dt>2.6 <a href="#RELENG">Release Engineering and
+ Integration</a></dt>
+
+ <dt>2.7 <a href="#DOC">Documentation</a></dt>
+ </dl>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>3 <a href="#UPGRADE">Upgrading from previous releases
+ of FreeBSD</a></dt>
+ </dl>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="SECT1">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1
+ Introduction</a></h1>
+
+ <p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD
+ 5.1-RELEASE on the NEC PC-98x1 hardware platform. It
+ describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of
+ FreeBSD. It also provides some notes on upgrading from
+ previous versions of FreeBSD.</p>
+
+ <p>This distribution of FreeBSD 5.1-RELEASE is a release
+ distribution. It can be found at <a
+ href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/"
+ target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> or any of its
+ mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other)
+ release distributions of FreeBSD can be found in the <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+ target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD'' appendix</a> to the <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
+ target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Users who are new to the 5-CURRENT series of FreeBSD
+ releases should also read the ``Early Adopters Guide to
+ FreeBSD 5.1-RELEASE''. This document can generally be found
+ in the same location as the release notes (either as a part
+ of a FreeBSD distribution or on the FreeBSD Web site). It
+ contains important information regarding the advantages and
+ disadvantages of using FreeBSD 5.1-RELEASE, as opposed to
+ releases based on the FreeBSD 4-STABLE development
+ branch.</p>
+
+ <p>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata
+ before installing FreeBSD. The errata document is updated
+ with ``late-breaking'' information discovered late in the
+ release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
+ information on known bugs, security advisories, and
+ corrections to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the
+ errata for FreeBSD 5.1-RELEASE can be found on the FreeBSD
+ Web site.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="SECT1">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2 What's
+ New</a></h1>
+
+ <p>This section describes many of the user-visible new or
+ changed features in FreeBSD since 5.0-RELEASE. It includes
+ items that are unique to the 5-CURRENT branch, as well as
+ some features that may have been recently merged to other
+ branches (after FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE). The latter items are
+ marked as [MERGED].</p>
+
+ <p>Typical release note items document recent security
+ advisories issued after 5.0-RELEASE, new drivers or
+ hardware support, new commands or options, major bug fixes,
+ or contributed software upgrades. They may also list
+ changes to major ports/packages or release engineering
+ practices. Clearly the release notes cannot list every
+ single change made to FreeBSD between releases; this
+ document focuses primarily on security advisories,
+ user-visible changes, and major architectural
+ improvements.</p>
+
+ <div class="SECT2">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1
+ Security Advisories</a></h2>
+
+ <p>A remotely exploitable vulnerability in <b
+ class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> has been corrected with the
+ import of version 1.11.5. More details can be found in
+ security advisory <a
+ href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:01.cvs.asc"
+ target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:01</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>A timing-based attack on <b
+ class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, which could allow a very
+ powerful attacker access to plaintext under certain
+ circumstances, has been prevented via an upgrade to <b
+ class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> 0.9.7. See security
+ advisory <a
+ href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:02.openssl.asc"
+ target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:02</a> for more details.
+ [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>The security and performance of the ``syncookies''
+ feature has been improved to decrease the chance of an
+ attacker being able to spoof connections. More details
+ are given in security advisory <a
+ href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:03.syncookies.asc"
+ target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:03</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>Remotely-exploitable buffer overflow vulnerabilities
+ in <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> have been fixed by
+ updating <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b>. For more
+ details, see security advisory <a
+ href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:04.sendmail.asc"
+ target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:04</a> and <a
+ href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:07.sendmail.asc"
+ target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:07</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>A bounds-checking bug in the XDR implementation, which
+ could allow a remote attacker to cause a
+ denial-of-service, has been fixed. For more details see
+ security advisory <a
+ href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:05.xdr.asc"
+ target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:05</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>Two recently-publicized flaws in <b
+ class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> have been corrected. For
+ more details, see security advisory <a
+ href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:06.openssl.asc"
+ target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:06</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="SECT2">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2 Kernel
+ Changes</a></h2>
+
+ <p>Support for the CanBe power management controller has
+ been added. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> is now
+ mandatory; the <tt class="LITERAL">NODEVFS</tt> option
+ has been removed from the set of possible kernel
+ configuration options.</p>
+
+ <p>An <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ehci&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ehci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+ has been added; it supports the USB Enhanced Host
+ Controller Interface used by USB 2.0 controllers.</p>
+
+ <p>A minor bug in the permissions handling of <tt
+ class="FILENAME">/dev/tty</tt> has been fixed. As a
+ result, <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a> can now be
+ used after <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A bug that caused <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstat&amp;sektion=2&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstat</span>(2)</span></a> to
+ return <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> as the number of bytes
+ available to read from a TCP socket has been fixed.</p>
+
+ <p>A bug that caused <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&amp;sektion=2&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> to
+ report <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> as the number of bytes
+ available to read from a TCP socket has been fixed. The
+ <tt class="LITERAL">NOTE_LOWAT</tt> flag for <tt
+ class="LITERAL">EVFILT_READ</tt> has been fixed.</p>
+
+ <p>Linux emulation mode now supports IPv6.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=madvise&amp;sektion=2&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">madvise</span>(2)</span></a> now
+ supports a <tt class="LITERAL">MADV_PROTECT</tt>
+ behavior, which informs the virtual memory system that a
+ process is critical and should not be killed when swap
+ space has been exhausted. The process must be owned by
+ the superuser.</p>
+
+ <p>The tw driver for TW-523 power line interfaces (used
+ by X-10 home control products) has been removed. It is
+ currently non-functional, and would require a
+ considerable amount of work to make it work under
+ 5-CURRENT. The xten and xtend userland control programs
+ have also been removed.</p>
+
+ <p>A second process scheduler, designed to be a general
+ purpose scheduler with many SMP benefits, has been added
+ to the scheduler framework. Exactly one scheduler must be
+ specified in a kernel configuration. The original
+ scheduler may be selected using <tt
+ class="LITERAL">options&nbsp;SCHED_4BSD</tt>. The newer
+ (experimental) scheduler can be selected by using <tt
+ class="LITERAL">options&nbsp;SCHED_ULE</tt>.</p>
+
+ <p>Device major numbers are now allocated dynamically by
+ default. This change greatly decreases the need for a
+ static, centralized table of major number assignments to
+ device drivers (a few drivers retain their old static
+ major numbers for compatibility), and also reduces the
+ possibility of running out of device major numbers.</p>
+
+ <p>A partial lazy switch mechanism for in-kernel threads
+ has been implemented; it is designed to reduce the
+ overhead of short context switches (such as for interrupt
+ handlers) that do not involve another process. This
+ feature can be enabled with <tt
+ class="LITERAL">options&nbsp;LAZY_SWITCH</tt>.</p>
+
+ <div class="SECT3">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.1
+ Processor/Motherboard Support</a></h3>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="SECT3">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.2 Boot
+ Loader Changes</a></h3>
+
+ <p>The two parts of the boot loader (<tt
+ class="FILENAME">boot1</tt> and <tt
+ class="FILENAME">boot2</tt>) have been combined into a
+ single <tt class="FILENAME">boot</tt> file, to simplify
+ programs that need to write or otherwise manipulate the
+ boot loader.</p>
+
+ <p>The PC98 boot loader now has support for booting
+ from SCSI MO media. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">/modules</tt> directory
+ (once the default location for modules on FreeBSD 4.<tt
+ class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>) is no longer a part
+ of the default <tt
+ class="VARNAME">kern.module_path</tt>. Third-party
+ modules should be placed in <tt
+ class="FILENAME">/boot/modules</tt>.</p>
+
+ <div class="NOTE">
+ <blockquote class="NOTE">
+ <p><b>Note:</b> Modules designed for use with
+ FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> are
+ likely to panic when loaded into a FreeBSD
+ 5.1-RELEASE kernel and should be used with extreme
+ caution.</p>
+ </blockquote>
+ </div>
+ <br />
+ <br />
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="SECT3">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.3
+ Network Interface Support</a></h3>
+
+ <p>A new <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=axe&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">axe</span>(4)</span></a> network
+ driver has been added. It provides support for USB
+ Ethernet adapters based on the ASIX Electronics AX88172
+ USB 2.0 chipset.</p>
+
+ <p>The cm driver now supports IPX. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rue&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">rue</span>(4)</span></a> network
+ driver has been added, providing support for Ethernet
+ adapters based on the RealTek RTL8150 USB to Fast
+ Ethernet controller chip.</p>
+
+ <p>A new <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wlan&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">wlan</span>(4)</span></a> module
+ provides 802.11 link-layer support. The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a> and <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> drivers
+ now use this facility.</p>
+
+ <p>A timing bug in the <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver,
+ which could cause a kernel panic (or other problems)
+ when configuring an interface, has been fixed.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="SECT3">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO"
+ name="NET-PROTO">2.2.4 Network Protocols</a></h3>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> <tt
+ class="LITERAL">skipto</tt> rules can once again be
+ used with the <tt class="LITERAL">log</tt> keyword. <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> <tt
+ class="LITERAL">uid</tt> rules are once again
+ working.</p>
+
+ <p>It is now possible to build the <tt
+ class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> and <tt
+ class="LITERAL">INET6</tt> options into the same
+ kernel. (They still cannot be used together,
+ however.)</p>
+
+ <p>A bug in TCP NewReno, which caused premature exit
+ from fast recovery when NewReno was enabled, has been
+ fixed. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>TCP now has support for the ``Limited Transmit''
+ mechanism proposed by RFC 3042. This feature is
+ intended to improve the effectiveness of TCP loss
+ recovery in certain circumstances. It is off by default
+ but can be enabled with the <tt
+ class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3042</tt> sysctl
+ variable. More information can be found in <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>TCP now has support for increased initial congestion
+ window sizes as described in RFC 3390. This feature can
+ improve the throughput of short transfers, as well as
+ high-bandwidth, large propagation-delay connections. It
+ is off by default but can be enabled with the <tt
+ class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3390</tt> sysctl
+ variable. More information can be found in <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The IP fragment reassembly code behaves more
+ gracefully when receiving a large number of packet
+ fragments (it is designed to be more resistant to
+ fragment-based denial of service attacks). [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>TCP connections in the <tt
+ class="LITERAL">TIME_WAIT</tt> state now use a special
+ protocol control block that uses less space than a
+ full-blown TCP PCB. This allows some of the data
+ structures and resources used by such a connection to
+ be freed earlier.</p>
+
+ <p>It is now possible to specify the range of
+ ``privileged ports'' (TCP and UDP ports that require
+ superuser access to <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bind&amp;sektion=2&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">bind</span>(2)</span></a> to).
+ The range is now specified with the <tt
+ class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedlow</tt>
+ and <tt
+ class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh</tt>
+ sysctl variables, defaulting to the traditional UNIX
+ behavior. This feature is intended to help network
+ servers bind to traditionally privileged ports without
+ requiring superuser access. <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip</span>(4)</span></a> has more
+ details.</p>
+
+ <p>Some bugs in the non-blocking RPC code has been
+ fixed. As a result, <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">amd</span>(8)</span></a> users
+ are now able to mount volumes from a 5.1-RELEASE
+ server.</p>
+
+ <p>Support for XNS networking, which has not worked
+ correctly for almost seven years, has been removed.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="SECT3">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.5
+ Disks and Storage</a></h3>
+
+ <p>The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+ now runs free of the Giant kernel lock. This change has
+ given a nearly 20% performance speedup on an SMP system
+ running multiple I/O intensive loads.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+ now supports all known SiS chipsets. (More details can
+ be found in the Hardware Notes.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+ now supports the Promise SATA150 TX2 and TX4 Serial
+ ATA/150 controllers.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+ now flushes devices on shutdown. This change may result
+ in failure messages being printed on the console for
+ devices that do not support flushing.</p>
+
+ <p>The CAM layer now has support for devices with more
+ than 2<sup>32</sup> blocks. (Assuming 512-byte blocks,
+ this means support for devices larger than 2TB.)</p>
+
+ <div class="NOTE">
+ <blockquote class="NOTE">
+ <p><b>Note:</b> For users upgrading across this
+ change, note that all userland applications that
+ talk to <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pass&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">pass</span>(4)</span></a> or
+ <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xpt&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">xpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+ devices must be recompiled. Examples of such
+ programs are <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=camcontrol&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">camcontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
+ in the base system, the <tt
+ class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt> port, and
+ the <tt class="FILENAME">multimedia/xmms</tt>
+ port.</p>
+ </blockquote>
+ </div>
+ <br />
+ <br />
+
+ <p>A number of changes have been made to the <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a> driver.
+ The primary user-visible change is improved
+ compatibility with ATAPI/USB/Firewire CDROM drives.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> is now
+ mandatory; the <tt class="LITERAL">NO_GEOM</tt> has
+ been removed from the set of kernel configuration
+ options.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iir&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">iir</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+ has been updated; this update is believed to fix
+ problems detecting attached disks during
+ installation.</p>
+
+ <p>A bug in the <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mly&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">mly</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+ that caused hangs has been corrected.</p>
+
+ <p>Support has been added for volume labels on UFS and
+ UFS2 file systems. These labels are strings that can be
+ used to identify a volume, regardless of what device it
+ appears on. Labels can be set with the <tt
+ class="OPTION">-L</tt> options to <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> or <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a>. With
+ the <tt class="LITERAL">GEOM_VOL</tt> module, volumes
+ can be accessed using their labels under <tt
+ class="FILENAME">/dev/vol</tt>.</p>
+
+ <p>The root file system can now be located on a <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a>
+ volume. More information can be found in the <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> manual
+ page.</p>
+
+ <p>The wfd and wst drivers, which have been broken for
+ some time, have been removed.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="SECT3">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.6 File
+ Systems</a></h3>
+
+ <p>A new <tt class="LITERAL">DIRECTIO</tt> kernel
+ option enables support for read operations that bypass
+ the buffer cache and put data directly into a userland
+ buffer. This feature requires that the <tt
+ class="LITERAL">O_DIRECT</tt> flag is set on the file
+ descriptor and that both the offset and length for the
+ read operation are multiples of the physical media
+ sector size. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>NETNCP and Netware File System Support (nwfs) are
+ once again working.</p>
+
+ <p>Bugs that could cause the unmounting of a smbfs
+ share to fail or cause a kernel panic have been
+ fixed.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="SECT3">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="PCCARD" name="PCCARD">2.2.7
+ PCCARD Support</a></h3>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="SECT3">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.8 Multimedia
+ Support</a></h3>
+
+ <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">atspeaker.ko</tt> and <tt
+ class="FILENAME">pcspeaker.ko</tt> modules for the <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=speaker&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">speaker</span>(4)</span></a>
+ device have been renamed <tt
+ class="FILENAME">speaker.ko</tt>.</p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="SECT2">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3
+ Userland Changes</a></h2>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ correctly handles setting user passwords containing
+ special shell characters.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ supports a <tt class="OPTION">-g</tt> option to set a
+ user's default login group.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>
+ utility is a replacement for the older disklabel utility.
+ Like its predecessor, it installs, examines, or modifies
+ the BSD label on a disk partition, and can install
+ bootstrap code. Compared to disklabel, a number of
+ obsolete options and parameters have been retired. A new
+ <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> option instructs <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a> to
+ use the layout suitable for a specific machine.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chgrp&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">chgrp</span>(1)</span></a> and <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chown&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">chown</span>(8)</span></a> now,
+ when the owner/group is modified, print the old and new
+ uid/gid if the <tt class="OPTION">-v</tt> option is
+ specified more than once.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ implements a <tt class="LITERAL">nodevice</tt> kernel
+ configuration file directive that cancels the effect of a
+ <tt class="LITERAL">device</tt> directive. The new <tt
+ class="LITERAL">nooption</tt> and <tt
+ class="LITERAL">nomakeoption</tt> directives cancel prior
+ <tt class="LITERAL">options</tt> and <tt
+ class="LITERAL">makeoptions</tt> directives,
+ respectively.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=diskinfo&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">diskinfo</span>(8)</span></a>
+ utility has been added to show information about a disk
+ device and optionally to run a naive performance
+ test.</p>
+
+ <p>The disklabel utility has been replaced by <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>. On
+ the alpha, i386, and pc98 platforms, disklabel is a link
+ to <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ supports caching of disk blocks with the <tt
+ class="OPTION">-C</tt> option. This can improve dump
+ performance at the cost of possibly missing file system
+ updates that occur between passes.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dumpfs&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">dumpfs</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ supports a <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> flag to print file
+ system parameters in the form of a <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>
+ command.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=elfdump&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">elfdump</span>(1)</span></a>, a
+ utility to display information about <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=elf&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">elf</span>(5)</span></a> format
+ executable files, has been added.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a> uses the
+ <tt class="FILENAME">.netrc</tt> support in <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(3)</span></a> and also
+ supports a <tt class="OPTION">-N</tt> to specify an
+ alternate <tt class="FILENAME">.netrc</tt> file.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(3)</span></a> now has
+ support for <tt class="FILENAME">.netrc</tt> files (see
+ <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp</span>(1)</span></a> for more
+ details).</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ supports a <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> option to disable
+ printing any host-specific information, such as the <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> version
+ or hostname, in server messages. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ supports a <tt class="OPTION">-P</tt> option to specify a
+ port on which to listen in daemon mode. The default data
+ port number is now set to be one less than the control
+ port number, rather than being hard-coded. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ supports an extended format of the <tt
+ class="FILENAME">/etc/ftpchroot</tt> file. Please refer
+ to the <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpchroot&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpchroot</span>(5)</span></a>
+ manpage, which is now available, for details.
+ [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ supports login directory pathnames that specify
+ simultaneously a directory for <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&amp;sektion=2&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> and
+ that to change to in the chrooted environment. The <tt
+ class="LITERAL">/./</tt> separator is used for this
+ purpose, like in other FTP daemons having this feature.
+ It may be used in both <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpchroot&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpchroot</span>(5)</span></a> and
+ <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a>.
+ [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwcontrol&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwcontrol</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ supports <tt class="OPTION">-R</tt> and <tt
+ class="OPTION">-S</tt> options for receiving and sending
+ DV streams. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gstat&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">gstat</span>(8)</span></a> utility
+ has been added to show the disk activity inside the <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>
+ subsystem.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ supports <tt class="LITERAL">enable</tt> and <tt
+ class="LITERAL">disable</tt> commands to control various
+ aspects of the operation of <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a>
+ (including enabling and disabling the firewall itself).
+ These provide a more convenient and visible interface
+ than the existing sysctl variables. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ supports a <tt class="OPTION">-i</tt> flag to output an
+ identifier for a newly-created jail.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jexec&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">jexec</span>(8)</span></a> utility
+ has been added to execute a command inside an existing
+ jail.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jls&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">jls</span>(8)</span></a> utility
+ has been added to list existing jails.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kenv&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">kenv</span>(1)</span></a> has been
+ moved from <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin</tt> to <tt
+ class="FILENAME">/bin</tt> to make it available at times
+ during system startup when only the root file system is
+ mounted.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a> now
+ supports a <tt class="OPTION">-j</tt> option to kill all
+ processes inside a jail.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libgeom&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">libgeom</span>(3)</span></a>
+ library has been added to allow some userland access to
+ the <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>
+ subsystem.</p>
+
+ <p>The mac_portacl MAC policy module has been added. It
+ provides a simple ACL mechanism to permit users and
+ groups to bind ports for TCP or UDP, and is intended to
+ be used in conjunction with the recently-added <tt
+ class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh</tt>
+ sysctl.</p>
+
+ <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">MAKEDEV</tt> script is now
+ unnecessary, due to the mandatory presence of <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a>, and has
+ been removed.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mergemaster&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">mergemaster</span>(8)</span></a>
+ now supports a <tt class="OPTION">-P</tt> option to
+ preserve the contents of files being replaced.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mixer&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">mixer</span>(8)</span></a> can now
+ implement relative volume adjustments.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>
+ program has been added to allow easier creation of FFS
+ snapshots. It is a SUID-<tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>
+ executable designed for use by members of the <tt
+ class="GROUPNAME">operator</tt> group.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> and <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umount&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">umount</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ accept a <tt class="OPTION">-F</tt> option to specify an
+ alternate <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a>
+ file.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_nfs&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_nfs</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ supports a <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt> flag to avoid doing
+ a <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=connect&amp;sektion=2&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">connect</span>(2)</span></a> for
+ UDP mount points. This option must be used if the server
+ does not reply to requests from the standard NFS port
+ number 2049 or if it replies to requests using a
+ different IP address (which can occur if the server is
+ multi-homed). Setting the <tt
+ class="VARNAME">vfs.nfs.nfs_ip_paranoia</tt> sysctl to
+ <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> will make this option the
+ default. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_nfs&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_nfs</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ supports the <tt class="OPTION">noinet4</tt> and <tt
+ class="OPTION">noinet6</tt> mount options to prevent NFS
+ mounts from using IPv4 or IPv6 respectively.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> will now
+ create UFS2 file systems by default, unless UFS1 is
+ specifically requested with the <tt
+ class="OPTION">-O1</tt> option.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a> has
+ a number of new features. Among them:</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <p>A <tt class="LITERAL">W</tt> flag forces
+ previously-started compression jobs for an entry (or
+ group of entries specified with the <tt
+ class="LITERAL">G</tt> flag) to finish before
+ beginning a new one. This feature is designed to
+ prevent system overloads caused by starting several
+ compression jobs on big files simultaneously.
+ [MERGED]</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>A ``default rotate action'', to be used for files
+ specified for rotation but not specified in the
+ configuration file. [MERGED]</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>A <tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> command-line flag to
+ disable sending signals to processes when rotating
+ files. [MERGED]</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>A <tt class="LITERAL">N</tt> configuration file
+ flag to indicate that no process needs to be signaled
+ when rotating a file. [MERGED]</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>A <tt class="LITERAL">U</tt> configuration file
+ flag to specify that a process group (rather than a
+ single process) should be signaled when rotating
+ files. [MERGED]</p>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ <br />
+ <br />
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsdispatch&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsdispatch</span>(3)</span></a> is
+ now thread-safe and implements support for Name Service
+ Switch (NSS) modules. NSS modules may be statically built
+ into <tt class="FILENAME">libc</tt> or dynamically loaded
+ via <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dlopen&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">dlopen</span>(3)</span></a>. They
+ are loaded/initialized at configuration time (i.e. when
+ <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsdispatch&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsdispatch</span>(3)</span></a> is
+ called and <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsswitch.conf&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsswitch.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+ is read or re-read).</p>
+
+ <p>A new <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_chroot&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_chroot</span>(8)</span></a>
+ module has been added, which does a <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&amp;sektion=2&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a>
+ operation for users into either a predetermined directory
+ or one derived from their home directory.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_ssh&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_ssh</span>(8)</span></a> has
+ been rewritten. One side effect of the rewrite is that it
+ now starts a separate instance of <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-agent&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-agent</span>(1)</span></a> for
+ each session instead of trying to connect each session to
+ the agent started by the first session.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ supports a <tt class="OPTION">-D</tt> flag to set the
+ ``Don't Fragment'' bit on outgoing packets.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ supports a <tt class="OPTION">-M</tt> option to use ICMP
+ mask request or timestamp request messages instead of
+ ICMP echo requests.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ supports a <tt class="OPTION">-z</tt> flag to set the
+ Type of Service bits in outgoing packets.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> can now add
+ a user whose name ends with a <tt class="LITERAL">$</tt>
+ character; this change is intended to help administration
+ of <b class="APPLICATION">Samba</b> services.
+ [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>The format of the <tt
+ class="FILENAME">/etc/pwd.db</tt> and <tt
+ class="FILENAME">/etc/spwd.db</tt> password databases
+ created by <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pwd_mkdb&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">pwd_mkdb</span>(8)</span></a> is
+ now byte-order independent. The pre-processed password
+ databases can now be moved between machines of different
+ architectures. The format includes version numbers on
+ entries to ensure compatibility with old binaries.</p>
+
+ <p>A bug in <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rand&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">rand</span>(3)</span></a> that
+ could cause a sequence to remain stuck at <tt
+ class="LITERAL">0</tt> has been fixed. (<a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rand&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">rand</span>(3)</span></a> remains
+ unsuitable for all but trivial uses.)</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> now has
+ support for the dynamic mapping of shared object
+ dependencies. This optional feature is especially useful
+ when experimenting with different threading libraries. It
+ is not, however, built by default. More information on
+ enabling and using this feature can be found in <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sem_open&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">sem_open</span>(3)</span></a> now
+ correctly handles multiple opens of the same semaphore;
+ as a result, <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sem_close&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">sem_close</span>(3)</span></a> no
+ longer crashes calling programs.</p>
+
+ <p>The seeding algorithm used by <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=srandom&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">srandom</span>(3)</span></a> has
+ been strengthened.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=swapoff&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">swapoff</span>(8)</span></a>
+ command has been added to disable paging and swapping on
+ a device. A related <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=swapctl&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">swapctl</span>(8)</span></a>
+ command has been added to provide an interface to <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=swapon&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">swapon</span>(8)</span></a> and <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=swapoff&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">swapoff</span>(8)</span></a>
+ similar to other BSDs.</p>
+
+ <div class="NOTE">
+ <blockquote class="NOTE">
+ <p><b>Note:</b> The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=swapoff&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">swapoff</span>(8)</span></a>
+ feature should be considered experimental.</p>
+ </blockquote>
+ </div>
+ <br />
+ <br />
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> now
+ allows multiple hosts or programs to be named in host or
+ program specifications in <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslog.conf&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslog.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+ files.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=systat&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">systat</span>(1)</span></a> now
+ includes an <tt class="OPTION">-ifstat</tt> display mode
+ that displays the network traffic going through active
+ interfaces on the system.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=usbhidaction&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">usbhidaction</span>(1)</span></a>
+ command has been added; it performs actions according to
+ its configuration in response to USB HID controls.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uudecode&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">uudecode</span>(1)</span></a> and
+ <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64decode&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">b64decode</span>(1)</span></a> now
+ support a <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt> flag for decoding
+ raw (or broken) files that may be missing the initial and
+ possibly final framing lines. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmstat&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">vmstat</span>(8)</span></a> has
+ re-implemented the <tt class="OPTION">-f</tt> flag, which
+ displays statistics on fork operations.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> now
+ supports a <tt class="OPTION">-P</tt> option to execute
+ multiple copies of the same utility in parallel.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> now
+ supports a <tt class="OPTION">-o</tt> flag to reopen <tt
+ class="FILENAME">/dev/tty</tt> for the child process
+ before executing the command. This is useful when the
+ child process is an interactive application.</p>
+
+ <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">libkse</tt> library,
+ providing POSIX threading support using KSE, is now
+ enabled and installed by default. This library currently
+ supports M:N threading. Both process and system scope
+ threads are supported, as well as getting/setting the
+ concurrency level. By default, the library sets the
+ concurrency level to the number of CPUs in the system.
+ Each concurrency level correlates to a KSE, and all
+ process scope threads run in these KSEs. Each system
+ scope thread gets its own KSE in addition to those
+ corresponding to concurrency levels. <tt
+ class="FILENAME">libkse</tt> is still considered a
+ work-in-progress, and is not used by default. However, it
+ can be used as a replacement for the <tt
+ class="FILENAME">libc_r</tt> thread library, by
+ substituting <tt class="OPTION">-lkse</tt> instead of <tt
+ class="OPTION">-pthread</tt> when linking programs.</p>
+
+ <p>A 1:1 threading package (where for every pthread in an
+ application there is one KSE and thread) has been
+ implemented. Under this model, the kernel handles all
+ thread scheduling decisions and all signal delivery. This
+ uses some of the common KSE code, and is a restricted
+ case of the M:N threading work still in progress. The <tt
+ class="FILENAME">libthr</tt> library implementing the
+ userland portion of this functionality is a drop-in
+ replacement for the <tt class="FILENAME">libc_r</tt>
+ library. Note that <tt class="FILENAME">libthr</tt> is
+ not (at this time) built by default.</p>
+
+ <p>The historic BSD boot scripts in <tt
+ class="FILENAME">/etc</tt> have been removed, in favor of
+ the <tt class="FILENAME">rc.d</tt> system imported from
+ <b class="APPLICATION">NetBSD</b> (sometimes referred to
+ as ``rcNG''). All functionality of the historic system
+ has been preserved. In particular, files such as <tt
+ class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> continue to be the
+ recommended means of configuring the system startup. The
+ <tt class="FILENAME">rc.d</tt> system has been the
+ default since FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE, so this change should
+ be largely transparent for the vast majority of users.
+ Users who have customized their historic-style startup
+ scripts should be aware that the following files have
+ been removed from <tt class="FILENAME">/etc</tt>: <tt
+ class="FILENAME">rc.atm</tt>, <tt
+ class="FILENAME">rc.devfs</tt>, <tt
+ class="FILENAME">rc.diskless1</tt>, <tt
+ class="FILENAME">rc.diskless2</tt>, <tt
+ class="FILENAME">rc.i386</tt>, <tt
+ class="FILENAME">rc.alpha</tt>, <tt
+ class="FILENAME">rc.amd64</tt>, <tt
+ class="FILENAME">rc.ia64</tt>, <tt
+ class="FILENAME">rc.sparc64</tt>, <tt
+ class="FILENAME">rc.isdn</tt>, <tt
+ class="FILENAME">rc.network</tt>, <tt
+ class="FILENAME">rc.network6</tt>, <tt
+ class="FILENAME">rc.pccard</tt>, <tt
+ class="FILENAME">rc.serial</tt>, <tt
+ class="FILENAME">rc.syscons</tt>, <tt
+ class="FILENAME">rc.sysctl</tt>. <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mergemaster&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">mergemaster</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ when run, will offer to move these files out of the way
+ for convenience. More details can be found in <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.subr&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.subr</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="SECT2">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4
+ Contributed Software</a></h2>
+
+ <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> code has been
+ updated from the 20021118 snapshot to the 20030228
+ snapshot.</p>
+
+ <p><b class="APPLICATION">awk</b> from Bell Labs has been
+ updated to a 14 March 2003 snapshot.</p>
+
+ <p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated to
+ version 8.3.4. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>All of the <b class="APPLICATION">bzip2</b> suite of
+ applications is now installed in the base system (in
+ particular, <tt class="COMMAND">bzip2recover</tt> is now
+ built and installed). [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p><b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> has been updated to
+ 1.11.5. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">DRM</b> kernel modules have
+ been updated to a snapshot from the DRI CVS repository,
+ as of 24 April 2003. The <tt
+ class="LITERAL">DRM_LINUX</tt> kernel option hsa been
+ removed because the handler is now provided by the Linux
+ compatibility code.</p>
+
+ <p><b class="APPLICATION">FILE</b> has been updated to
+ 3.41. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p><b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> has been updated to
+ 3.2.2 (release version).</p>
+
+ <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">gdtoa</b> library, for
+ conversions between strings and floating point, has been
+ imported. These sources were dated 24 March 2003.</p>
+
+ <p><b class="APPLICATION">groff</b> (and related
+ utilities) have been updated from 1.18.1 to 1.19.</p>
+
+ <p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> has been updated
+ to 3.4.31. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> client has
+ been updated to 3.0.1RC11. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> client now
+ includes the <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=omshell&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">omshell</span>(1)</span></a>
+ utility and the <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dhcpctl&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">dhcpctl</span>(3)</span></a>
+ library for run-time control of the client.</p>
+
+ <p><b class="APPLICATION">Kerberos IV</b> support (in the
+ form of <b class="APPLICATION">KTH eBones</b>) has been
+ removed. Users requiring this functionality can still get
+ it from the <tt class="FILENAME">security/krb4</tt> port
+ (or package). Kerberos IV compatibility mode for Kerberos
+ 5 has been removed, and the <tt class="LITERAL">k5<tt
+ class="REPLACEABLE"><i>program</i></tt></tt> userland
+ utilities have been renamed to <tt class="LITERAL">k<tt
+ class="REPLACEABLE"><i>program</i></tt></tt>.</p>
+
+ <p><b class="APPLICATION">Kerberos 5</b> is now built by
+ default in <tt class="LITERAL">buildworld</tt>
+ operations. Setting <tt
+ class="VARNAME">MAKE_KERBEROS5</tt> no longer has any
+ effect. Disabling the base system Kerberos 5 now requires
+ the <tt class="VARNAME">NO_KERBEROS</tt> Makefile
+ variable to be set.</p>
+
+ <p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> now has support for
+ selecting among multiple data link types on an
+ interface.</p>
+
+ <p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b> (not built or
+ installed by default) has been updated to a snapshot from
+ 22 January 2003.</p>
+
+ <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> has been updated
+ from the ``Citronella'' release to the ``Dianthus''
+ release.</p>
+
+ <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been updated to
+ 3.6.1p1.</p>
+
+ <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> has been updated to
+ release 0.9.7a. Among other features, this release
+ includes support for AES and takes advantage of <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(4)</span></a>
+ devices. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been updated
+ to version 8.12.9. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a> has
+ been updated to version 3.7.2. [MERGED] It also now
+ supports a <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> flag to list the
+ data link types available on an interface and a <tt
+ class="OPTION">-y</tt> option to specify the data link
+ type to use while capturing packets.</p>
+
+ <p><b class="APPLICATION">texinfo</b> has been updated
+ from 4.2 to 4.5.</p>
+
+ <p>The timezone database has been updated from <tt
+ class="FILENAME">tzdata2002d</tt> to <tt
+ class="FILENAME">tzdata2003a</tt>. [MERGED]</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="SECT2">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5
+ Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</a></h2>
+
+ <p>The one-line <tt class="FILENAME">pkg-comment</tt>
+ files have been eliminated from each port skeleton; their
+ contents have been moved into each port's <tt
+ class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>. This change reduces the
+ disk space and inodes used by the ports tree.
+ [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>When fetching distfiles for building a port, the <tt
+ class="VARNAME">FETCH_REGET</tt> <tt
+ class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt> variable can be used to
+ specify the number of times to try continuing to fetch a
+ distfile if it fails its MD5 checksum. The port
+ infrastructure also supports re-fetching interrupted
+ distfiles.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a> now
+ supports a <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> option, which
+ allows packages to register a list of other packages with
+ which they conflict. They will refuse to install (via <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>) if
+ one of the listed packages is already present. The <tt
+ class="OPTION">-f</tt> flag to <a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>
+ overrides this conflict-checking.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a> now
+ honors the <tt class="VARNAME">BLOCKSIZE</tt> environment
+ variable in its output when the <tt
+ class="OPTION">-b</tt> flag is given.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a> now
+ implements a <tt class="OPTION">-Q</tt> option, which is
+ similar to the <tt class="OPTION">-q</tt> ``quiet''
+ option except that it prefixes the output with the
+ package name.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="SECT2">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6
+ Release Engineering and Integration</a></h2>
+
+ <p>The supported release of <b
+ class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> has been updated to 2.2.1.
+ [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>The supported release of <b
+ class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> has been updated to 3.1.2.
+ [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>There is no longer a separate <tt
+ class="FILENAME">krb5</tt> distribution. The Kerberos 5
+ libraries and utilities have been incorporated into the
+ <tt class="FILENAME">crypto</tt> distribution.</p>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
+ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+ class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+ once again supports installing individual components of
+ <b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>. Supporting changes
+ (not user-visible) generalize the concept of installing
+ parts of distributions as packages.</p>
+
+ <p>The supported release of <b
+ class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> has been updated to
+ 4.3.0. [MERGED]</p>
+
+ <p>Several upgrade mechanisms designed to permit major
+ version upgrades from FreeBSD 2.<tt
+ class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> to 3.<tt
+ class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> and from FreeBSD 3.<tt
+ class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> to 4.<tt
+ class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> have been removed.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="SECT2">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7
+ Documentation</a></h2>
+
+ <p>The following new articles have been added to the
+ documentation set: ``FreeBSD From Scratch'', ``The
+ Roadmap for 5-STABLE''.</p>
+
+ <p>A new Danish (<tt
+ class="FILENAME">da_DK.ISO8859-1</tt>) translation
+ project has been started.</p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="SECT1">
+ <hr />
+
+ <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3
+ Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></h1>
+
+ <p>Users with existing FreeBSD systems are <span
+ class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">highly</i></span>
+ encouraged to read the ``Early Adopter's Guide to FreeBSD
+ 5.1-RELEASE''. This document generally has the filename <tt
+ class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt> on the distribution media,
+ or any other place that the release notes can be found. It
+ offers some notes on upgrading, but more importantly, also
+ discusses some of the relative merits of upgrading to
+ FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> versus
+ running FreeBSD 4.<tt
+ class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
+
+ <div class="IMPORTANT">
+ <blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+ <p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of
+ course, only be attempted after backing up <span
+ class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span>
+ data and configuration files.</p>
+ </blockquote>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+
+ <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related
+ documents, can be downloaded from <a
+ href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+ <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the
+ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a>
+ before contacting &#60;<a
+ href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+ <p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 5-CURRENT
+ should subscribe to the &#60;<a
+ href="mailto:current@FreeBSD.org">current@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;
+ mailing list.</small></small></p>
+
+ <p align="center">For questions about this documentation,
+ e-mail &#60;<a
+ href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</p>
+ <br />
+ <br />
+ </body>
+</html>
+