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-rw-r--r--zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/kernelconfig/chapter.xml151
1 files changed, 62 insertions, 89 deletions
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/kernelconfig/chapter.xml b/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/kernelconfig/chapter.xml
index d53d51a270..eedc59c065 100644
--- a/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/kernelconfig/chapter.xml
+++ b/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/kernelconfig/chapter.xml
@@ -5,30 +5,19 @@
$FreeBSD$
Original revision: 1.180
-->
-
-<chapter id="kernelconfig">
- <chapterinfo>
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="kernelconfig">
+ <info><title>設定 FreeBSD Kernel</title>
<authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Jim</firstname>
- <surname>Mock</surname>
- <contrib>更新、重排：</contrib>
- <!-- Mar 2000 -->
- </author>
+ <author><personname><firstname>Jim</firstname><surname>Mock</surname></personname><contrib>更新、重排：</contrib></author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Jake</firstname>
- <surname>Hamby</surname>
- <contrib> 原作為：</contrib>
- <!-- 6 Oct 1995 -->
- </author>
+ <author><personname><firstname>Jake</firstname><surname>Hamby</surname></personname><contrib> 原作為：</contrib></author>
</authorgroup>
- </chapterinfo>
+ </info>
- <title>設定 FreeBSD Kernel</title>
+
- <sect1 id="kernelconfig-synopsis">
+ <sect1 xml:id="kernelconfig-synopsis">
<title>概述</title>
<indexterm>
@@ -65,10 +54,10 @@
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>本章所舉例的相關指令都是以 <username>root</username> 權限來進行。</para>
+ <para>本章所舉例的相關指令都是以 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 權限來進行。</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 id="kernelconfig-custom-kernel">
+ <sect1 xml:id="kernelconfig-custom-kernel">
<title>為何需要重新調配、編譯 kernel？</title>
<para>早期的 &os; 的 kernel 被戲稱為 <quote>monolithic</quote> kernel。
@@ -114,17 +103,13 @@
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
- <sect1 id="kernelconfig-devices">
- <sect1info>
+ <sect1 xml:id="kernelconfig-devices">
+ <info><title>探測系統硬體</title>
<authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Tom</firstname>
- <surname>Rhodes</surname>
- <contrib>Written by </contrib>
- </author>
+ <author><personname><firstname>Tom</firstname><surname>Rhodes</surname></personname><contrib>Written by </contrib></author>
</authorgroup>
- </sect1info>
- <title>探測系統硬體</title>
+ </info>
+
<para>在進行 kernel 設定的探索之旅前，
先把該機器各項硬體資訊作點調查會是明智之舉。
@@ -144,7 +129,7 @@
其中一種方式是透過 &man.dmesg.8; 以及 &man.man.1;。 &os;
上大多硬體都會有相關的 man 說明有支援的規格型號，
並且開機的偵測過程中，也會列出有找到的硬體。 舉個例子，
- 下面這幾行是說有偵測到滑鼠，並且是以 <devicename>psm</devicename>
+ 下面這幾行是說有偵測到滑鼠，並且是以 <filename>psm</filename>
驅動程式：</para>
<programlisting>psm0: &lt;PS/2 Mouse&gt; irq 12 on atkbdc0
@@ -167,9 +152,9 @@ psm0: model Generic PS/2 mouse, device ID 0</programlisting>
class = network
subclass = ethernet</programlisting>
- <para>上面顯示是透過 <command>pciconf <option>-lv</option></command>
- 所看到的 <devicename>ath</devicename> 無線網卡驅動程式。 可以用
- <command>man <replaceable>ath</replaceable></command> 來查看
+ <para>上面顯示是透過 <command>pciconf -lv</command>
+ 所看到的 <filename>ath</filename> 無線網卡驅動程式。 可以用
+ <command>man ath</command> 來查看
&man.ath.4; 的相關說明。</para>
<para>在使用 &man.man.1; 時，加上 <option>-k</option>
@@ -186,7 +171,7 @@ ath_hal(4) - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL)</programlisting>
打造過程更為順利。</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 id="kernelconfig-building">
+ <sect1 xml:id="kernelconfig-building">
<title>重新調配、編譯 kernel</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>kernel</primary>
@@ -198,7 +183,7 @@ ath_hal(4) - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL)</programlisting>
也可以用 <filename>/sys</filename> 這個 symbolic link 來連到這。
這裡的許多子目錄分別擺放 kernel 的各組成部分，但對打造 kernel
影響最重要的目錄是
- <filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>/conf</filename>，
+ <filename>arch/conf</filename>，
這裡是可以針對需求來修改自訂 kernel 相關設定。
此外，還有在編譯 kernel 過程中會暫時擺放的 <filename>compile</filename>
目錄。
@@ -219,7 +204,7 @@ ath_hal(4) - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL)</programlisting>
<para>若您系統上 <emphasis>沒裝</emphasis>
<filename>/usr/src/sys</filename> 目錄，
也就是說沒裝 kernel source code 的話，那麼最簡單安裝方式就是以
- <username>root</username> 權限來執行 <command>sysinstall</command>，
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 權限來執行 <command>sysinstall</command>，
接著請選 <guimenuitem>Configure</guimenuitem>，然後選
<guimenuitem>Distributions</guimenuitem> 接著為
<guimenuitem>src</guimenuitem> 再選
@@ -237,11 +222,11 @@ ath_hal(4) - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL)</programlisting>
</note>
<para>接下來，切換到
- <filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>/conf</filename> 目錄，
+ <filename>arch/conf</filename> 目錄，
複製 <filename>GENERIC</filename> 設定檔為你想稱呼的新 kernel 名稱。
例如：</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/sys/<replaceable>i386</replaceable>/conf</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cp GENERIC MYKERNEL</userinput></screen>
<para>通常，命名方式都是大寫。如果你負責維護許多不同硬體架構的 &os;
@@ -261,15 +246,15 @@ ath_hal(4) - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL)</programlisting>
它會被新版覆蓋，而相關修改也將隨之而逝。</para>
<para>你也可考慮把 kernel 設定檔改放到其他地方，然後再到
- <filename><replaceable>i386</replaceable></filename>
+ <filename>i386</filename>
目錄內建個指向它的 symbolic link。</para>
<para>舉例：</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/sys/<replaceable>i386</replaceable>/conf</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /root/kernels</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>cp GENERIC /root/kernels/<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /root/kernels/<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput></screen>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>cp GENERIC /root/kernels/MYKERNEL</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /root/kernels/MYKERNEL</userinput></screen>
</tip>
<para>現在，就開始用自己喜歡的編輯器來修改 <filename>MYKERNEL</filename>。
@@ -290,8 +275,7 @@ ath_hal(4) - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL)</programlisting>
會循序漸進地介紹。</para>
<note>
- <para>若有從 &os; 計劃去 <link
- linkend="cutting-edge">更新你的 source tree</link> 的話，
+ <para>若有從 &os; 計劃去 <link linkend="cutting-edge">更新你的 source tree</link> 的話，
則切記在進行任何升級之前，務必要察看
<filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>。
這檔會介紹在更新過程中的重大議題或要注意的事項。
@@ -305,8 +289,7 @@ ath_hal(4) - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL)</programlisting>
<title>編譯 Kernel</title>
<step>
- <para>請切換至 <filename
- class="directory">/usr/src</filename> 目錄：</para>
+ <para>請切換至 <filename>/usr/src</filename> 目錄：</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput></screen>
</step>
@@ -314,13 +297,13 @@ ath_hal(4) - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL)</programlisting>
<step>
<para>編譯 kernel：</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make buildkernel KERNCONF=<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
<para>安裝新 kernel：</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make installkernel KERNCONF=<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
@@ -345,40 +328,33 @@ ath_hal(4) - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL)</programlisting>
</tip>
<indexterm>
- <primary><filename class="directory">/boot/kernel.old</filename></primary>
+ <primary><filename>/boot/kernel.old</filename></primary>
</indexterm>
- <para>新的 kernel 會複製到 <filename
- class="directory">/boot/kernel</filename> 目錄內的
+ <para>新的 kernel 會複製到 <filename>/boot/kernel</filename> 目錄內的
<filename>/boot/kernel/kernel</filename>，而舊的則移至
<filename>/boot/kernel.old/kernel</filename>。
現在呢，先關機，然後就會以新 kernel 重開機
- 若有問題的話，本章後面會介紹一些<link
- linkend="kernelconfig-trouble">疑難雜症</link>來協助你。
- 若新 kernel 無法開機的話，請參閱 <link
- linkend="kernelconfig-noboot">這裡</link> 以恢復系統運作。</para>
+ 若有問題的話，本章後面會介紹一些<link linkend="kernelconfig-trouble">疑難雜症</link>來協助你。
+ 若新 kernel 無法開機的話，請參閱 <link linkend="kernelconfig-noboot">這裡</link> 以恢復系統運作。</para>
<note>
<para>至於開機過程的其他相關檔案、設定，比如 &man.loader.8;
及其設定，則放在 <filename>/boot</filename>。
Third party 或自訂的 kernel modules 則會放在
- <filename class="directory">/boot/kernel</filename>，不過，
+ <filename>/boot/kernel</filename>，不過，
應注意要保持 kernel module 與 kernel 是否有同步，
這點很重要，否則會導致不穩或出問題。</para>
</note>
</sect1>
- <sect1 id="kernelconfig-config">
- <sect1info>
+ <sect1 xml:id="kernelconfig-config">
+ <info><title>kernel 設定檔解說</title>
<authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Joel</firstname>
- <surname>Dahl</surname>
- <contrib>Updated for &os; 6.X by </contrib>
- </author>
+ <author><personname><firstname>Joel</firstname><surname>Dahl</surname></personname><contrib>Updated for &os; 6.X by </contrib></author>
</authorgroup>
- </sect1info>
- <title>kernel 設定檔解說</title>
+ </info>
+
<indexterm>
<primary>kernel</primary>
<secondary>NOTES</secondary>
@@ -394,17 +370,16 @@ ath_hal(4) - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL)</programlisting>
很多行大多只有一個參數。任何以 <literal>#</literal>
開頭的敘述都將被視為註解而被忽略。
接下來將以在 <filename>GENERIC</filename> 所出現的順序一一介紹之。
- <anchor
- id="kernelconfig-options"/>若要看與該平台架構有關的各選項、設備列表，
+ <anchor xml:id="kernelconfig-options"/>若要看與該平台架構有關的各選項、設備列表，
請參閱與 <filename>GENERIC</filename> 檔同目錄的 <filename>NOTES</filename>
檔。 而與平台架構差異較無關的通用部份，則可參閱
<filename>/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES</filename>。</para>
<note>
<para>若為了測試，而需要一份含有所有可用設定的設定檔，那麼請以
- <username>root</username> 身份下：</para>
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 身份下：</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/sys/<replaceable>i386</replaceable>/conf &amp;&amp; make LINT</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf &amp;&amp; make LINT</userinput></screen>
</note>
<indexterm>
@@ -414,7 +389,7 @@ ath_hal(4) - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL)</programlisting>
<para>下面為 <filename>GENERIC</filename> 設定檔的範例，
其中包括說明用的註釋。 這例子應該與您機器上的
- <filename>/usr/src/sys/<replaceable>i386</replaceable>/conf/GENERIC</filename>
+ <filename>/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC</filename>
相當接近。</para>
<indexterm>
@@ -567,7 +542,7 @@ options NFS_ROOT # NFS usable as /, requires NFSCLIENT</progra
hard drive partition at boot time, you can safely comment this out.
It will be automatically loaded the first time you mount a DOS
partition, as described above. Also, the excellent
- <filename role="package">emulators/mtools</filename> software
+ <package>emulators/mtools</package> software
allows you to access DOS floppies without having to mount and
unmount them (and does not require <literal>MSDOSFS</literal> at
all).</para>
@@ -740,7 +715,7 @@ device ata</programlisting>
<para>This is needed along with <literal>device ata</literal> for ATA
RAID drives.</para>
- <programlisting><anchor id="kernelconfig-atapi"/>
+ <programlisting><anchor xml:id="kernelconfig-atapi"/>
device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives</programlisting>
<para>This is needed along with <literal>device ata</literal> for
@@ -936,12 +911,12 @@ device cardbus # CardBus (32-bit) bus</programlisting>
device sio # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports</programlisting>
<para>These are the serial ports referred to as
- <devicename>COM</devicename> ports in the &ms-dos;/&windows;
+ <filename>COM</filename> ports in the &ms-dos;/&windows;
world.</para>
<note>
- <para>If you have an internal modem on <devicename>COM4</devicename>
- and a serial port at <devicename>COM2</devicename>, you will have
+ <para>If you have an internal modem on <filename>COM4</filename>
+ and a serial port at <filename>COM2</filename>, you will have
to change the IRQ of the modem to 2 (for obscure technical reasons,
IRQ2 = IRQ 9) in order to access it
from &os;. If you have a multiport serial card, check the
@@ -951,13 +926,13 @@ device sio # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports</programli
S3 chips) use IO addresses in the form of
<literal>0x*2e8</literal>, and since many cheap serial cards do
not fully decode the 16-bit IO address space, they clash with
- these cards making the <devicename>COM4</devicename> port
+ these cards making the <filename>COM4</filename> port
practically unavailable.</para>
<para>Each serial port is required to have a unique IRQ (unless you
are using one of the multiport cards where shared interrupts are
- supported), so the default IRQs for <devicename>COM3</devicename>
- and <devicename>COM4</devicename> cannot be used.</para>
+ supported), so the default IRQs for <filename>COM3</filename>
+ and <filename>COM4</filename> cannot be used.</para>
</note>
<programlisting># Parallel port
@@ -1065,7 +1040,7 @@ device xe # Xircom pccard Ethernet
#device le</programlisting>
<para>ISA Ethernet drivers. See
- <filename>/usr/src/sys/<replaceable>i386</replaceable>/conf/NOTES</filename> for details
+ <filename>/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/NOTES</filename> for details
of which cards are
supported by which driver.</para>
@@ -1097,8 +1072,7 @@ device wi # WaveLAN/Intersil/Symbol 802.11 wireless NICs.
device loop # Network loopback</programlisting>
<para>This is the generic loopback device for TCP/IP. If you telnet
- or FTP to <hostid>localhost</hostid> (a.k.a. <hostid
- role="ipaddr">127.0.0.1</hostid>) it will come back at you through
+ or FTP to <systemitem>localhost</systemitem> (a.k.a. <systemitem class="ipaddress">127.0.0.1</systemitem>) it will come back at you through
this device. This is <emphasis>mandatory</emphasis>.</para>
<programlisting>device random # Entropy device</programlisting>
@@ -1130,7 +1104,7 @@ device loop # Network loopback</programlisting>
the <link linkend="userppp">PPP</link> section of this book for more
information.</para>
- <programlisting><anchor id="kernelconfig-ptys"/>
+ <programlisting><anchor xml:id="kernelconfig-ptys"/>
device pty # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)</programlisting>
<para>This is a <quote>pseudo-terminal</quote> or simulated login port.
@@ -1208,7 +1182,7 @@ device fwe # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)</programl
<para>For more information and additional devices supported by
&os;, see
- <filename>/usr/src/sys/<replaceable>i386</replaceable>/conf/NOTES</filename>.</para>
+ <filename>/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/NOTES</filename>.</para>
<sect2>
<title>Large Memory Configurations (<acronym>PAE</acronym>)</title>
@@ -1305,7 +1279,7 @@ device fwe # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)</programl
</sect1>
- <sect1 id="kernelconfig-trouble">
+ <sect1 xml:id="kernelconfig-trouble">
<title>If Something Goes Wrong</title>
<para>There are five categories of trouble that can occur when
@@ -1346,8 +1320,7 @@ device fwe # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)</programl
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term>The kernel does not boot:<anchor
- id="kernelconfig-noboot"/></term>
+ <term>The kernel does not boot:<anchor xml:id="kernelconfig-noboot"/></term>
<listitem>
<para>If your new kernel does not boot, or fails to
@@ -1359,7 +1332,7 @@ device fwe # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)</programl
prompt</quote> option, number six. At the prompt, type
<command>unload kernel</command>
and then type
- <command>boot /boot/<replaceable>kernel.old</replaceable>/kernel</command>,
+ <command>boot /boot/kernel.old/kernel</command>,
or the filename of any other kernel that will boot properly.
When reconfiguring a kernel, it is always a good idea to keep
a kernel that is known to work on hand.</para>
@@ -1380,13 +1353,13 @@ device fwe # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)</programl
new kernel, <filename>kernel.old</filename> is overwritten
with the last installed kernel which may be non-functional.
Also, as soon as possible, move the working kernel to the
- proper <filename class="directory">/boot/kernel</filename>
+ proper <filename>/boot/kernel</filename>
location or commands such
as &man.ps.1; may not work properly. To do this, simply
rename the directory containing the good kernel:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mv /boot/kernel /boot/kernel.bad</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>mv /boot/<replaceable>kernel.good</replaceable> /boot/kernel</userinput></screen>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>mv /boot/kernel.good /boot/kernel</userinput></screen>
</note>
generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.25.1) at 2024-04-23 15:02:16 +0000