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Diffstat (limited to 'zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml')
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml | 411 |
1 files changed, 167 insertions, 244 deletions
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml b/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml index d7d20829a5..ff33e5d7e9 100644 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml @@ -5,27 +5,21 @@ $FreeBSD$ Original revision: 1.170 --> - -<chapter id="ppp-and-slip"> - <chapterinfo> +<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="ppp-and-slip"> + <info><title>PPP and SLIP</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Jim</firstname> - <surname>Mock</surname> - <contrib>Restructured, reorganized, and updated by </contrib> - <!-- 1 Mar 2000 --> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Jim</firstname><surname>Mock</surname></personname><contrib>Restructured, reorganized, and updated by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> - </chapterinfo> + </info> - <title>PPP and SLIP</title> + - <sect1 id="ppp-and-slip-synopsis"> + <sect1 xml:id="ppp-and-slip-synopsis"> <title>Synopsis</title> - <indexterm id="ppp-ppp"> + <indexterm xml:id="ppp-ppp"> <primary>PPP</primary> </indexterm> - <indexterm id="ppp-slip"> + <indexterm xml:id="ppp-slip"> <primary>SLIP</primary> </indexterm> @@ -58,15 +52,15 @@ </listitem> </itemizedlist> - <indexterm id="ppp-ppp-user"> + <indexterm xml:id="ppp-ppp-user"> <primary>PPP</primary> <secondary>user PPP</secondary> </indexterm> - <indexterm id="ppp-ppp-kernel"> + <indexterm xml:id="ppp-ppp-kernel"> <primary>PPP</primary> <secondary>kernel PPP</secondary> </indexterm> - <indexterm id="ppp-ppp-ethernet"> + <indexterm xml:id="ppp-ppp-ethernet"> <primary>PPP</primary> <secondary>over Ethernet</secondary> </indexterm> @@ -88,53 +82,35 @@ inbound and outbound data in userland rather than in the kernel. This is expensive in terms of copying the data between the kernel and userland, but allows a far more feature-rich PPP implementation. - User PPP uses the <devicename>tun</devicename> device to communicate + User PPP uses the <filename>tun</filename> device to communicate with the outside world whereas kernel PPP uses the - <devicename>ppp</devicename> device.</para> + <filename>ppp</filename> device.</para> <note> <para>Throughout in this chapter, user PPP will simply be referred to as <application>ppp</application> unless a distinction needs to be made between it and any other PPP software such as <application>pppd</application>. Unless otherwise stated, all of the commands explained in this - chapter should be executed as <username>root</username>.</para> + chapter should be executed as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>.</para> </note> </sect1> - <sect1 id="userppp"> - <sect1info> + <sect1 xml:id="userppp"> + <info><title>Using User PPP</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Tom</firstname> - <surname>Rhodes</surname> - <contrib>Updated and enhanced by </contrib> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Tom</firstname><surname>Rhodes</surname></personname><contrib>Updated and enhanced by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Brian</firstname> - <surname>Somers</surname> - <contrib>Originally contributed by </contrib> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Brian</firstname><surname>Somers</surname></personname><contrib>Originally contributed by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Nik</firstname> - <surname>Clayton</surname> - <contrib>With input from </contrib> - </author> - <author> - <firstname>Dirk</firstname> - <surname>Frömberg</surname> - </author> - <author> - <firstname>Peter</firstname> - <surname>Childs</surname> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Nik</firstname><surname>Clayton</surname></personname><contrib>With input from </contrib></author> + <author><personname><firstname>Dirk</firstname><surname>Frömberg</surname></personname></author> + <author><personname><firstname>Peter</firstname><surname>Childs</surname></personname></author> </authorgroup> - </sect1info> + </info> - <title>Using User PPP</title> + <sect2> <title>User PPP</title> @@ -146,8 +122,8 @@ <itemizedlist> <listitem> - <para>An account with an Internet Service Provider (ISP)<indexterm id="ppp-isp"><primary>ISP</primary></indexterm> which - you connect to using PPP<indexterm id="ppp-ppp2"><primary>PPP</primary></indexterm>.</para> + <para>An account with an Internet Service Provider (ISP)<indexterm xml:id="ppp-isp"><primary>ISP</primary></indexterm> which + you connect to using PPP<indexterm xml:id="ppp-ppp2"><primary>PPP</primary></indexterm>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> @@ -161,14 +137,14 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para>Your login name<indexterm id="ppp-login"><primary>login name</primary></indexterm> and password<indexterm id="ppp-password"><primary>password</primary></indexterm>. (Either a - regular &unix;<indexterm id="ppp-unix"><primary>UNIX</primary></indexterm> style login and password pair, or a - PAP<indexterm id="ppp-pap"><primary>PAP</primary></indexterm> or CHAP<indexterm id="ppp-chap"><primary>CHAP</primary></indexterm> + <para>Your login name<indexterm xml:id="ppp-login"><primary>login name</primary></indexterm> and password<indexterm xml:id="ppp-password"><primary>password</primary></indexterm>. (Either a + regular &unix;<indexterm xml:id="ppp-unix"><primary>UNIX</primary></indexterm> style login and password pair, or a + PAP<indexterm xml:id="ppp-pap"><primary>PAP</primary></indexterm> or CHAP<indexterm xml:id="ppp-chap"><primary>CHAP</primary></indexterm> login and password pair.)</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para>The IP address of one or more name servers<indexterm id="ppp-nameserver"><primary>nameserver</primary></indexterm>. + <para>The IP address of one or more name servers<indexterm xml:id="ppp-nameserver"><primary>nameserver</primary></indexterm>. Normally, you will be given two IP addresses by your ISP to use for this. If they have not given you at least one, then you can use the <command>enable dns</command> command in @@ -197,12 +173,11 @@ <listitem> <para>The netmask you should use. If your ISP has not - provided you with one, you can safely use <hostid - role="netmask">255.255.255.255</hostid>.</para> + provided you with one, you can safely use <systemitem class="netmask">255.255.255.255</systemitem>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para>If your ISP provides you with a static IP address<indexterm id="ppp-static-ip"><primary>static IP address</primary></indexterm> and + <para>If your ISP provides you with a static IP address<indexterm xml:id="ppp-static-ip"><primary>static IP address</primary></indexterm> and hostname, you can enter it. Otherwise, we simply let the peer assign whatever IP address it sees fit.</para> </listitem> @@ -227,21 +202,21 @@ <indexterm><primary>PPP</primary><secondary>creating device nodes</secondary></indexterm> <para>Under normal circumstances, most users will only need - one <devicename>tun</devicename> device + one <filename>tun</filename> device (<filename>/dev/tun0</filename>). References to - <devicename>tun0</devicename> below may be changed to - <devicename>tun<replaceable>N</replaceable></devicename> + <filename>tun0</filename> below may be changed to + <filename>tunN</filename> where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is any unit number corresponding to your system.</para> <para>For FreeBSD installations that do not have &man.devfs.5; enabled (FreeBSD 4.X and earlier), the existence of the - <devicename>tun0</devicename> device should be verified (this is not + <filename>tun0</filename> device should be verified (this is not necessary if &man.devfs.5; is enabled as device nodes will be created on demand).</para> <para>The easiest way to make sure that the - <devicename>tun0</devicename> device is configured correctly + <filename>tun0</filename> device is configured correctly is to remake the device. To remake the device, do the following:</para> @@ -273,7 +248,7 @@ always use that one) or dynamically (i.e., your IP address changes each time you connect to your ISP).</para> - <sect4 id="userppp-staticIP"> + <sect4 xml:id="userppp-staticIP"> <title>PPP and Static IP Addresses</title> <indexterm><primary>PPP</primary><secondary>with static IP addresses</secondary></indexterm> @@ -348,9 +323,9 @@ <listitem> <para>Identifies the device to which the modem is - connected. <devicename>COM1</devicename> is + connected. <filename>COM1</filename> is <filename>/dev/cuaa0</filename> and - <devicename>COM2</devicename> is + <filename>COM2</filename> is <filename>/dev/cuaa1</filename>.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -505,13 +480,11 @@ protocol: ppp</screen> replaced by the IP address that your ISP indicated for their gateway (the machine to which you connect). If your ISP<indexterm><primary>ISP</primary></indexterm> has not given you a gateway - address, use <hostid - role="netmask">10.0.0.2/0</hostid>. If you need to + address, use <systemitem class="netmask">10.0.0.2/0</systemitem>. If you need to use a <quote>guessed</quote> address, make sure that you create an entry in <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename> as per the - instructions for <link - linkend="userppp-dynamicIP">PPP and Dynamic IP + instructions for <link linkend="userppp-dynamicIP">PPP and Dynamic IP addresses</link>. If this line is omitted, <command>ppp</command> cannot run in <option>-auto</option> mode.</para> @@ -548,7 +521,7 @@ protocol: ppp</screen> <filename>/usr/share/examples/ppp/</filename> directory.</para> </sect4> - <sect4 id="userppp-dynamicIP"> + <sect4 xml:id="userppp-dynamicIP"> <title>PPP and Dynamic IP Addresses</title> <indexterm><primary>PPP</primary><secondary>with dynamic IP addresses</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>IPCP</primary></indexterm> @@ -580,9 +553,7 @@ protocol: ppp</screen> will always work.</para> <para>The last argument (<literal>0.0.0.0</literal>) tells - PPP to start negotiations using address <hostid - role="ipaddr">0.0.0.0</hostid> rather than <hostid - role="ipaddr">10.0.0.1</hostid> and is necessary for some + PPP to start negotiations using address <systemitem class="ipaddress">0.0.0.0</systemitem> rather than <systemitem class="ipaddress">10.0.0.1</systemitem> and is necessary for some ISPs. Do not use <literal>0.0.0.0</literal> as the first argument to <command>set ifaddr</command> as it prevents PPP from setting up an initial route in @@ -663,8 +634,7 @@ protocol: ppp</screen> Services</link> provides a good description on enabling dial-up services using &man.getty.8;.</para> - <para>An alternative to <command>getty</command> is <ulink - url="http://www.leo.org/~doering/mgetty/index.html">mgetty</ulink>, + <para>An alternative to <command>getty</command> is <link xlink:href="http://www.leo.org/~doering/mgetty/index.html">mgetty</link>, a smarter version of <command>getty</command> designed with dial-up lines in mind.</para> @@ -688,12 +658,12 @@ protocol: ppp</screen> <title><application>PPP</application> Permissions</title> <para>The <command>ppp</command> command must normally be - run as the <username>root</username> user. If however, + run as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user. If however, you wish to allow <command>ppp</command> to run in server mode as a normal user by executing <command>ppp</command> as described below, that user must be given permission to run <command>ppp</command> - by adding them to the <username>network</username> group + by adding them to the <systemitem class="username">network</systemitem> group in <filename>/etc/group</filename>.</para> <para>You will also need to give them access to one or more @@ -739,7 +709,7 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT</programlisting> <emphasis>shell</emphasis> for all of your dialup users. This is an example from <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> for a dialup PPP user with username - <username>pchilds</username> (remember do not directly edit + <systemitem class="username">pchilds</systemitem> (remember do not directly edit the password file, use &man.vipw.8;).</para> <programlisting>pchilds:*:1011:300:Peter Childs PPP:/home/ppp:/etc/ppp/ppp-dialup</programlisting> @@ -764,8 +734,8 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT</programlisting> symbolic link to <filename>ppp-shell</filename>.</para> <para>For example, if you have three dialup customers, - <username>fred</username>, <username>sam</username>, and - <username>mary</username>, that you route class C networks + <systemitem class="username">fred</systemitem>, <systemitem class="username">sam</systemitem>, and + <systemitem class="username">mary</systemitem>, that you route class C networks for, you would type the following:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-fred</userinput> @@ -774,7 +744,7 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT</programlisting> <para>Each of these users dialup accounts should have their shell set to the symbolic link created above (for example, - <username>mary</username>'s shell should be + <systemitem class="username">mary</systemitem>'s shell should be <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp-mary</filename>).</para> </sect4> @@ -816,8 +786,8 @@ ttyd1: <filename>/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> above you should add a section for each of the statically assigned dialup users. We will continue with - our <username>fred</username>, <username>sam</username>, - and <username>mary</username> example.</para> + our <systemitem class="username">fred</systemitem>, <systemitem class="username">sam</systemitem>, + and <systemitem class="username">mary</systemitem> example.</para> <programlisting>fred: set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.101.1 255.255.255.255 @@ -831,7 +801,7 @@ mary: <para>The file <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename> should also contain routing information for each static IP user if required. The line below would add a route - for the <hostid role="ipaddr">203.14.101.0</hostid> + for the <systemitem class="ipaddress">203.14.101.0</systemitem> class C via the client's ppp link.</para> <programlisting>fred: @@ -844,7 +814,7 @@ mary: add 203.14.103.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR</programlisting> </sect4> - <sect4 id="userppp-mgetty"> + <sect4 xml:id="userppp-mgetty"> <title><command>mgetty</command> and AutoPPP</title> <indexterm> <primary><command>mgetty</command></primary> @@ -939,7 +909,7 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting> values found in <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.</para> </sect4> - <sect4 id="userppp-PAPnCHAP"> + <sect4 xml:id="userppp-PAPnCHAP"> <title>PAP and CHAP Authentication</title> <indexterm><primary>PAP</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>CHAP</primary></indexterm> @@ -956,8 +926,7 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting> <quote>eavesdrop</quote>.</para> <para>Referring back to the <link linkend="userppp-staticIP">PPP - and Static IP addresses</link> or <link - linkend="userppp-dynamicIP">PPP and Dynamic IP addresses</link> + and Static IP addresses</link> or <link linkend="userppp-dynamicIP">PPP and Dynamic IP addresses</link> sections, the following alterations must be made:</para> <programlisting>13 set authname <replaceable>MyUserName</replaceable> @@ -1022,7 +991,7 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting> &unix; domain socket, asking clients for the specified password before allowing access. The <literal>%d</literal> in the name is replaced with the - <devicename>tun</devicename> device number that is in + <filename>tun</filename> device number that is in use.</para> <para>Once a socket has been set up, the &man.pppctl.8; @@ -1031,7 +1000,7 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting> </sect4> </sect3> - <sect3 id="userppp-nat"> + <sect3 xml:id="userppp-nat"> <title>Using PPP Network Address Translation Capability</title> <indexterm><primary>PPP</primary><secondary>NAT</secondary></indexterm> @@ -1058,7 +1027,7 @@ nat port tcp 10.0.0.2:http http</programlisting> <programlisting>nat deny_incoming yes</programlisting> </sect3> - <sect3 id="userppp-final"> + <sect3 xml:id="userppp-final"> <title>Final System Configuration</title> <indexterm><primary>PPP</primary><secondary>configuration</secondary></indexterm> @@ -1078,7 +1047,7 @@ nat port tcp 10.0.0.2:http http</programlisting> <para>Look for the <literal>network_interfaces</literal> variable. If you want to configure your system to dial your ISP on demand, - make sure the <devicename>tun0</devicename> device is added to + make sure the <filename>tun0</filename> device is added to the list, otherwise remove it.</para> <programlisting>network_interfaces="lo0 tun0" @@ -1168,13 +1137,13 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting> <procedure> <step> - <para>Ensure that the <devicename>tun</devicename> device is + <para>Ensure that the <filename>tun</filename> device is built into your kernel.</para> </step> <step> <para>Ensure that the - <filename>tun<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> device + <filename>tunN</filename> device file is available in the <filename>/dev</filename> directory.</para> </step> @@ -1206,13 +1175,13 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting> <procedure> <step> - <para>Ensure that the <devicename>tun</devicename> device is + <para>Ensure that the <filename>tun</filename> device is built into your kernel.</para> </step> <step> <para>Ensure that the - <filename>tun<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> device + <filename>tunN</filename> device file is available in the <filename>/dev</filename> directory.</para> </step> @@ -1249,22 +1218,15 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting> </sect2> </sect1> - <sect1 id="ppp"> - <sect1info> + <sect1 xml:id="ppp"> + <info><title>Using Kernel PPP</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Gennady B.</firstname> - <surname>Sorokopud</surname> - <contrib>Parts originally contributed by </contrib> - </author> - <author> - <firstname>Robert</firstname> - <surname>Huff</surname> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Gennady B.</firstname><surname>Sorokopud</surname></personname><contrib>Parts originally contributed by </contrib></author> + <author><personname><firstname>Robert</firstname><surname>Huff</surname></personname></author> </authorgroup> - </sect1info> + </info> - <title>Using Kernel PPP</title> + <sect2> <title>Setting Up Kernel PPP</title> @@ -1297,23 +1259,18 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting> your machine that uses PPP).</para> <para>You will also need some modem/serial software (preferably - <filename role="package">comms/kermit</filename>), so you can dial and + <package>comms/kermit</package>), so you can dial and establish a connection with the remote host.</para> </sect2> <sect2> - <sect2info> + <info><title>Using <command>pppd</command> as a Client</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Trev</firstname> - <surname>Roydhouse</surname> - <contrib>Based on information provided by </contrib> - <!-- Trev.Roydhouse@f401.n711.z3.fidonet.org --> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Trev</firstname><surname>Roydhouse</surname></personname><contrib>Based on information provided by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> - </sect2info> + </info> - <title>Using <command>pppd</command> as a Client</title> + <indexterm><primary>PPP</primary><secondary>client</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>Cisco</primary></indexterm> <para>The following <filename>/etc/ppp/options</filename> might be @@ -1354,7 +1311,7 @@ defaultroute # put this if you want that PPP server will be your <step> <para>Enter the following:</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/src/usr.sbin/pppd.new/pppd <replaceable>/dev/tty01</replaceable> <replaceable>19200</replaceable></userinput></screen> + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/src/usr.sbin/pppd.new/pppd /dev/tty01 19200</userinput></screen> <para>Be sure to use the appropriate speed and device name.</para> </step> @@ -1715,18 +1672,14 @@ exit 1 </sect2> </sect1> - <sect1 id="ppp-troubleshoot"> - <sect1info> + <sect1 xml:id="ppp-troubleshoot"> + <info><title>Troubleshooting <acronym>PPP</acronym> Connections</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Tom</firstname> - <surname>Rhodes</surname> - <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Tom</firstname><surname>Rhodes</surname></personname><contrib>Contributed by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> - <!-- 13 June 2003 --> - </sect1info> - <title>Troubleshooting <acronym>PPP</acronym> Connections</title> + + </info> + <indexterm><primary>PPP</primary><secondary>troubleshooting</secondary></indexterm> @@ -1746,7 +1699,7 @@ exit 1 <title>Check the Device Nodes</title> <para>If you reconfigured your kernel then you recall the - <devicename>sio</devicename> device. If you did not + <filename>sio</filename> device. If you did not configure your kernel, there is no reason to worry. Just check the <command>dmesg</command> output for the modem device with:</para> @@ -1754,10 +1707,10 @@ exit 1 <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dmesg | grep sio</userinput></screen> <para>You should get some pertinent output about the - <devicename>sio</devicename> devices. These are the COM + <filename>sio</filename> devices. These are the COM ports we need. If your modem acts like a standard serial port then you should see it listed on - <devicename>sio1</devicename>, or <devicename>COM2</devicename>. If so, you are not + <filename>sio1</filename>, or <filename>COM2</filename>. If so, you are not required to rebuild the kernel, you just need to make the serial device. You can do this by changing your directory to <filename>/dev</filename> and running the @@ -1767,8 +1720,8 @@ exit 1 <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV cuaa0 cuaa1 cuaa2 cuaa3</userinput></screen> <para>which will create the serial devices for your system. - When matching up sio modem is on <devicename>sio1</devicename> or - <devicename>COM2</devicename> if you are in DOS, then your + When matching up sio modem is on <filename>sio1</filename> or + <filename>COM2</filename> if you are in DOS, then your modem device would be <filename>/dev/cuaa1</filename>.</para> </sect2> @@ -1790,10 +1743,10 @@ exit 1 <para>We have now started <command>ppp</command>.</para> - <screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>set device <filename>/dev/cuaa1</filename></userinput></screen> + <screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>set device /dev/cuaa1</userinput></screen> <para>We set our modem device, in this case it is - <devicename>cuaa1</devicename>.</para> + <filename>cuaa1</filename>.</para> <screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>set speed 115200</userinput></screen> @@ -1817,7 +1770,7 @@ type '~h' for help</programlisting> <screen><userinput>at</userinput> OK -<userinput>atdt<replaceable>123456789</replaceable></userinput></screen> +<userinput>atdt123456789</userinput></screen> <para>Use <command>at</command> to initialize the modem, then use <command>atdt</command> and the number for your @@ -1881,8 +1834,7 @@ OK <para>If everything went good we should now have an active connection to the Internet, which could be thrown into the - background using <keycombo - action="simul"><keycap>CTRL</keycap> + background using <keycombo action="simul"><keycap>CTRL</keycap> <keycap>z</keycap></keycombo> If you notice the <command>PPP</command> return to <command>ppp</command> then we have lost our connection. This is good to know because it @@ -1931,13 +1883,13 @@ OK the following options to <application>PPP</application> before going into terminal mode:</para> - <screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>set authname <replaceable>myusername</replaceable></userinput></screen> + <screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>set authname myusername</userinput></screen> <para>Where <replaceable>myusername</replaceable> should be replaced with the username that was assigned by the <acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para> - <screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>set authkey <replaceable>mypassword</replaceable></userinput></screen> + <screen>ppp ON example> <userinput>set authkey mypassword</userinput></screen> <para>Where <replaceable>mypassword</replaceable> should be replaced with the password that was assigned by the @@ -1984,19 +1936,15 @@ nameserver <replaceable>y.y.y.y</replaceable></programlisting> - <sect1 id="pppoe"> - <sect1info> + <sect1 xml:id="pppoe"> + <info><title>Using PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Jim</firstname> - <surname>Mock</surname> - <contrib>Contributed (from http://node.to/freebsd/how-tos/how-to-freebsd-pppoe.html) by </contrib> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Jim</firstname><surname>Mock</surname></personname><contrib>Contributed (from http://node.to/freebsd/how-tos/how-to-freebsd-pppoe.html) by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> - <!-- 10 Jan 2000 --> - </sect1info> + + </info> - <title>Using PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)</title> + <indexterm><primary>PPP</primary><secondary>over Ethernet</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>PPPoE</primary> @@ -2037,7 +1985,7 @@ name_of_service_provider: <sect2> <title>Running <application>ppp</application></title> - <para>As <username>root</username>, you can run:</para> + <para>As <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, you can run:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ppp -ddial name_of_service_provider</userinput></screen> @@ -2067,9 +2015,8 @@ ppp_profile="name_of_service_provider"</programlisting> it there, ask your ISP's tech support personnel.</para> <para>As a last resort, you could try the method suggested by the - <ulink url="http://www.roaringpenguin.com/pppoe/">Roaring Penguin - PPPoE</ulink> program which can be found in the <link - linkend="ports">Ports Collection</link>. Bear in mind however, + <link xlink:href="http://www.roaringpenguin.com/pppoe/">Roaring Penguin + PPPoE</link> program which can be found in the <link linkend="ports">Ports Collection</link>. Bear in mind however, this may de-program your modem and render it useless, so think twice before doing it. Simply install the program shipped with the modem by your provider. Then, access the @@ -2093,32 +2040,29 @@ ppp_profile="name_of_service_provider"</programlisting> <itemizedlist> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://renaud.waldura.com/doc/freebsd/pppoe/">Cheaper - Broadband with FreeBSD on DSL</ulink> by Renaud + <para><link xlink:href="http://renaud.waldura.com/doc/freebsd/pppoe/">Cheaper + Broadband with FreeBSD on DSL</link> by Renaud Waldura.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.ruhr.de/home/nathan/FreeBSD/tdsl-freebsd.html"> - Nutzung von T-DSL und T-Online mit FreeBSD</ulink> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.ruhr.de/home/nathan/FreeBSD/tdsl-freebsd.html"> + Nutzung von T-DSL und T-Online mit FreeBSD</link> by Udo Erdelhoff (in German).</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </sect2> - <sect2 id="ppp-3com"> + <sect2 xml:id="ppp-3com"> <title>PPPoE with a &tm.3com; <trademark class="registered">HomeConnect</trademark> ADSL Modem Dual Link</title> - <para>This modem does not follow <ulink - url="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2516.html">RFC 2516</ulink> + <para>This modem does not follow <link xlink:href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2516.html">RFC 2516</link> (<emphasis>A Method for transmitting PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)</emphasis>, written by L. Mamakos, K. Lidl, J. Evarts, D. Carrel, D. Simone, and R. Wheeler). Instead, different packet type codes have been used for the Ethernet frames. Please complain - to <ulink url="http://www.3com.com/">3Com</ulink> if you think it + to <link xlink:href="http://www.3com.com/">3Com</link> if you think it should comply with the PPPoE specification.</para> <para>In order to make FreeBSD capable of communicating with this @@ -2138,7 +2082,7 @@ ppp_profile="name_of_service_provider"</programlisting> </sect2> </sect1> - <sect1 id="pppoa"> + <sect1 xml:id="pppoa"> <title>Using <application>PPP</application> over ATM (PPPoA)</title> <indexterm><primary>PPP</primary><secondary>over ATM</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm> @@ -2153,14 +2097,12 @@ ppp_profile="name_of_service_provider"</programlisting> <title>Using PPPoA with the Alcatel &speedtouch; USB</title> <para>PPPoA support for this device is supplied as a port in - FreeBSD because the firmware is distributed under <ulink - url="http://www.speedtouchdsl.com/disclaimer_lx.htm">Alcatel's - license agreement</ulink> and can not be redistributed freely + FreeBSD because the firmware is distributed under <link xlink:href="http://www.speedtouchdsl.com/disclaimer_lx.htm">Alcatel's + license agreement</link> and can not be redistributed freely with the base system of FreeBSD.</para> - <para>To install the software, simply use the <link - linkend="ports">Ports Collection</link>. Install the - <filename role="package">net/pppoa</filename> port and follow the + <para>To install the software, simply use the <link linkend="ports">Ports Collection</link>. Install the + <package>net/pppoa</package> port and follow the instructions provided with it.</para> <para>Like many USB devices, the Alcatel &speedtouch; USB needs to @@ -2170,7 +2112,7 @@ ppp_profile="name_of_service_provider"</programlisting> port. The following information can be added to the <filename>/etc/usbd.conf</filename> file to enable this automatic firmware transfer. This file must be edited as the - <username>root</username> user.</para> + <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user.</para> <programlisting>device "Alcatel SpeedTouch USB" devname "ugen[0-9]+" @@ -2188,7 +2130,7 @@ ppp_profile="name_of_service_provider"</programlisting> <application>ppp</application> to dial up at startup. To do this add the following lines to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. Again, for this procedure - you will need to be logged in as the <username>root</username> + you will need to be logged in as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user.</para> <programlisting>ppp_enable="YES" @@ -2197,7 +2139,7 @@ ppp_profile="adsl"</programlisting> <para>For this to work correctly you will need to have used the sample <filename>ppp.conf</filename> which is supplied with the - <filename role="package">net/pppoa</filename> port.</para> + <package>net/pppoa</package> port.</para> </sect2> @@ -2207,7 +2149,7 @@ ppp_profile="adsl"</programlisting> <para>You can use <application>mpd</application> to connect to a variety of services, in particular PPTP services. You can find <application>mpd</application> in the Ports Collection, - <filename role="package">net/mpd</filename>. Many ADSL modems + <package>net/mpd</package>. Many ADSL modems require that a PPTP tunnel is created between the modem and computer, one such modem is the Alcatel &speedtouch; Home.</para> @@ -2216,13 +2158,13 @@ ppp_profile="adsl"</programlisting> configure <application>mpd</application> to suit your requirements and provider settings. The port places a set of sample configuration files which are well documented in - <filename><replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable>/etc/mpd/</filename>. + <filename>PREFIX/etc/mpd/</filename>. Note here that <replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable> means the directory into which your ports are installed, this defaults to <filename>/usr/local/</filename>. A complete guide to configure <application>mpd</application> is available in HTML format once the port has been installed. It is placed in - <filename><replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable>/share/doc/mpd/</filename>. + <filename>PREFIX/share/doc/mpd/</filename>. Here is a sample configuration for connecting to an ADSL service with <application>mpd</application>. The configuration is spread over two files, first the @@ -2233,10 +2175,8 @@ ppp_profile="adsl"</programlisting> adsl: new -i ng0 adsl adsl - set bundle authname <replaceable>username</replaceable> <co - id="co-mpd-ex-user"/> - set bundle password <replaceable>password</replaceable> <co - id="co-mpd-ex-pass"/> + set bundle authname <replaceable>username</replaceable> <co xml:id="co-mpd-ex-user"/> + set bundle password <replaceable>password</replaceable> <co xml:id="co-mpd-ex-pass"/> set bundle disable multilink set link no pap acfcomp protocomp @@ -2272,10 +2212,8 @@ adsl: set link type pptp set pptp mode active set pptp enable originate outcall - set pptp self <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable> <co - id="co-mpd-ex-self"/> - set pptp peer <replaceable>10.0.0.138</replaceable> <co - id="co-mpd-ex-peer"/></programlisting> + set pptp self <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable> <co xml:id="co-mpd-ex-self"/> + set pptp peer <replaceable>10.0.0.138</replaceable> <co xml:id="co-mpd-ex-peer"/></programlisting> <calloutlist> <callout arearefs="co-mpd-ex-self"> @@ -2284,22 +2222,21 @@ adsl: </callout> <callout arearefs="co-mpd-ex-peer"> <para>The IP address of your ADSL modem. For the Alcatel - &speedtouch; Home this address defaults to <hostid - role="ipaddr">10.0.0.138</hostid>.</para> + &speedtouch; Home this address defaults to <systemitem class="ipaddress">10.0.0.138</systemitem>.</para> </callout> </calloutlist> <para>It is possible to initialize the connection easily by issuing the - following command as <username>root</username>:</para> + following command as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mpd -b <replaceable>adsl</replaceable></userinput></screen> + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mpd -b adsl</userinput></screen> <para>You can see the status of the connection with the following command:</para> - <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ng0</replaceable></userinput> + <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ifconfig ng0</userinput> ng0: flags=88d1<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 - inet 216.136.204.117 --> 204.152.186.171 netmask 0xffffffff</screen> + inet 216.136.204.117 --> 204.152.186.171 netmask 0xffffffff</screen> <para>Using <application>mpd</application> is the recommended way to connect to an ADSL service with &os;.</para> @@ -2311,12 +2248,12 @@ ng0: flags=88d1<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 <para>It is also possible to use FreeBSD to connect to other PPPoA services using - <filename role="package">net/pptpclient</filename>.</para> + <package>net/pptpclient</package>.</para> - <para>To use <filename role="package">net/pptpclient</filename> to + <para>To use <package>net/pptpclient</package> to connect to a DSL service, install the port or package and edit your <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>. You will need to be - <username>root</username> to perform both of these operations. An + <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to perform both of these operations. An example section of <filename>ppp.conf</filename> is given below. For further information on <filename>ppp.conf</filename> options consult the <application>ppp</application> manual page, @@ -2326,8 +2263,8 @@ ng0: flags=88d1<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 set log phase chat lcp ipcp ccp tun command set timeout 0 enable dns - set authname <replaceable>username</replaceable> <co id="co-pptp-ex-user"/> - set authkey <replaceable>password</replaceable> <co id="co-pptp-ex-pass"/> + set authname <replaceable>username</replaceable> <co xml:id="co-pptp-ex-user"/> + set authkey <replaceable>password</replaceable> <co xml:id="co-pptp-ex-pass"/> set ifaddr 0 0 add default HISADDR</programlisting> @@ -2345,7 +2282,7 @@ ng0: flags=88d1<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 <filename>ppp.conf</filename> file in plain text form you should make sure than nobody can read the contents of this file. The following series of commands will make sure the file is only - readable by the <username>root</username> account. Refer to the + readable by the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account. Refer to the manual pages for &man.chmod.1; and &man.chown.8; for further information.</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chown root:wheel /etc/ppp/ppp.conf</userinput> @@ -2355,12 +2292,12 @@ ng0: flags=88d1<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 <para>This will open a tunnel for a PPP session to your DSL router. Ethernet DSL modems have a preconfigured LAN IP address which you connect to. In the case of the Alcatel &speedtouch; Home this address is - <hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.0.138</hostid>. Your router documentation + <systemitem class="ipaddress">10.0.0.138</systemitem>. Your router documentation should tell you which address your device uses. To open the tunnel and start a PPP session execute the following command:</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pptp <replaceable>address</replaceable> <replaceable>adsl</replaceable></userinput></screen> + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pptp address adsl</userinput></screen> <tip> <para>You may wish to add an ampersand (<quote>&</quote>) to the @@ -2368,16 +2305,16 @@ ng0: flags=88d1<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 will not return your prompt to you otherwise.</para> </tip> - <para>A <devicename>tun</devicename> virtual tunnel device will be + <para>A <filename>tun</filename> virtual tunnel device will be created for interaction between the <application>pptp</application> and <application>ppp</application> processes. Once you have been returned to your prompt, or the <application>pptp</application> process has confirmed a connection you can examine the tunnel like so:</para> - <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>tun0</replaceable></userinput> + <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ifconfig tun0</userinput> tun0: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 - inet 216.136.204.21 --> 204.152.186.171 netmask 0xffffff00 + inet 216.136.204.21 --> 204.152.186.171 netmask 0xffffff00 Opened by PID 918</screen> <para>If you are unable to connect, check the configuration of @@ -2390,32 +2327,21 @@ tun0: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 </sect2> </sect1> - <sect1 id="slip"> - <sect1info> + <sect1 xml:id="slip"> + <info><title>Using SLIP</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Satoshi</firstname> - <surname>Asami</surname> - <contrib>Originally contributed by </contrib> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Satoshi</firstname><surname>Asami</surname></personname><contrib>Originally contributed by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Guy</firstname> - <surname>Helmer</surname> - <contrib>With input from </contrib> - </author> - <author> - <firstname>Piero</firstname> - <surname>Serini</surname> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Guy</firstname><surname>Helmer</surname></personname><contrib>With input from </contrib></author> + <author><personname><firstname>Piero</firstname><surname>Serini</surname></personname></author> </authorgroup> - </sect1info> + </info> - <title>Using SLIP</title> + <indexterm><primary>SLIP</primary></indexterm> - <sect2 id="slipc"> + <sect2 xml:id="slipc"> <title>Setting Up a SLIP Client</title> <indexterm><primary>SLIP</primary><secondary>client</secondary></indexterm> <para>The following is one way to set up a FreeBSD machine for SLIP @@ -2434,8 +2360,8 @@ tun0: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 <note> <para><filename>/dev/cuaa0</filename> (or <filename>/dev/cuad0</filename> under &os; 6.X) is - <devicename>COM1</devicename>, <filename>cuaa1</filename> (or <filename>/dev/cuad1</filename>) is - <devicename>COM2</devicename>, etc.</para> + <filename>COM1</filename>, <filename>cuaa1</filename> (or <filename>/dev/cuad1</filename>) is + <filename>COM2</filename>, etc.</para> </note> <para>Make sure you have the following in your kernel configuration @@ -2524,8 +2450,8 @@ nameserver 128.32.136.12</programlisting> </step> <step> - <para>Set the password for <username>root</username> and - <username>toor</username> (and any other + <para>Set the password for <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> and + <systemitem class="username">toor</systemitem> (and any other accounts that do not have a password).</para> </step> @@ -2577,7 +2503,7 @@ output ***\x0d, echo \x0aCONNECTED\x0a</programlisting> <keycombo> <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> <keycap>z</keycap> - </keycombo>) and as <username>root</username>, type:</para> + </keycombo>) and as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, type:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>slattach -h -c -s 115200 /dev/modem</userinput></screen> @@ -2598,7 +2524,7 @@ output ***\x0d, echo \x0aCONNECTED\x0a</programlisting> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -INT `cat /var/run/slattach.modem.pid`</userinput></screen> <para>to kill <command>slattach</command>. Keep in mind you must be - <username>root</username> to do the above. Then go back to + <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to do the above. Then go back to <command>kermit</command> (by running <command>fg</command> if you suspended it) and exit from it (<keycap>q</keycap>).</para> @@ -2673,7 +2599,7 @@ water.CS.Example localhost.Example. UGH 34 47641234 lo0 - 0.438 </sect3> </sect2> - <sect2 id="slips"> + <sect2 xml:id="slips"> <title>Setting Up a SLIP Server</title> <indexterm><primary>SLIP</primary><secondary>server</secondary></indexterm> @@ -2690,7 +2616,7 @@ water.CS.Example localhost.Example. UGH 34 47641234 lo0 - 0.438 data due to attempting to follow the suggestions here.</para> --> - <sect3 id="slips-prereqs"> + <sect3 xml:id="slips-prereqs"> <title>Prerequisites</title> <indexterm><primary>TCP/IP networking</primary></indexterm> <para>This section is very technical in nature, so background @@ -2709,8 +2635,7 @@ water.CS.Example localhost.Example. UGH 34 47641234 lo0 - 0.438 <para>It is further assumed that you have already set up your modem(s) and configured the appropriate system files to allow logins through your modems. If you have not prepared your - system for this yet, please see <xref - linkend="dialup"/> for details on dialup services + system for this yet, please see <xref linkend="dialup"/> for details on dialup services configuration. You may also want to check the manual pages for &man.sio.4; for information on the serial port device driver and &man.ttys.5;, @@ -2740,13 +2665,13 @@ water.CS.Example localhost.Example. UGH 34 47641234 lo0 - 0.438 <title>An Example of a SLIP Server Login</title> <para>For example, if a SLIP user ID were - <username>Shelmerg</username>, <username>Shelmerg</username>'s + <systemitem class="username">Shelmerg</systemitem>, <systemitem class="username">Shelmerg</systemitem>'s entry in <filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename> would look something like this:</para> <programlisting>Shelmerg:password:1964:89::0:0:Guy Helmer - SLIP:/usr/users/Shelmerg:/usr/sbin/sliplogin</programlisting> - <para>When <username>Shelmerg</username> logs in, + <para>When <systemitem class="username">Shelmerg</systemitem> logs in, <command>sliplogin</command> will search <filename>/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts</filename> for a line that had a matching user ID; for example, there may be a line in @@ -2768,9 +2693,9 @@ water.CS.Example localhost.Example. UGH 34 47641234 lo0 - 0.438 <command>sliplogin</command> attached itself (SLIP interface 0, in the above example, which was the first parameter in the list given to <filename>slip.login</filename>) to set the - local IP address (<hostid>dc-slip</hostid>), remote IP address - (<hostid>sl-helmer</hostid>), network mask for the SLIP - interface (<hostid role="netmask">0xfffffc00</hostid>), and + local IP address (<systemitem>dc-slip</systemitem>), remote IP address + (<systemitem>sl-helmer</systemitem>), network mask for the SLIP + interface (<systemitem class="netmask">0xfffffc00</systemitem>), and any additional flags (<literal>autocomp</literal>). If something goes wrong, <command>sliplogin</command> usually logs good informational messages via the @@ -2988,8 +2913,7 @@ Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmerg 0xfffffc00 autocomp</programlisting <indexterm><primary>Ethernet</primary><secondary>MAC address</secondary></indexterm> <para>When using the example above, be sure to replace the - Ethernet MAC address (<hostid - role="mac">00:11:22:33:44:55</hostid>) with the MAC address of + Ethernet MAC address (<systemitem class="etheraddress">00:11:22:33:44:55</systemitem>) with the MAC address of your system's Ethernet card, or your <quote>proxy ARP</quote> will definitely not work! You can discover your SLIP server's Ethernet MAC address by looking at the results of running @@ -2999,7 +2923,7 @@ Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmerg 0xfffffc00 autocomp</programlisting <screen>ed0 1500 <Link>0.2.c1.28.5f.4a 191923 0 129457 0 116</screen> <para>This indicates that this particular system's Ethernet MAC - address is <hostid role="mac">00:02:c1:28:5f:4a</hostid> + address is <systemitem class="etheraddress">00:02:c1:28:5f:4a</systemitem> — the periods in the Ethernet MAC address given by <command>netstat -i</command> must be changed to colons and leading zeros should be added to each single-digit hexadecimal @@ -3106,8 +3030,7 @@ Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmerg 0xfffffc00 autocomp</programlisting <note> <para><application>&gated;</application> is proprietary software now and will not be available as source code to the public anymore - (more info on the <ulink - url="http://www.gated.org/">&gated;</ulink> website). This + (more info on the <link xlink:href="http://www.gated.org/">&gated;</link> website). This section only exists to ensure backwards compatibility for those that are still using an older version.</para> </note> @@ -3164,8 +3087,8 @@ import proto rip interface ed { broadcasts routing information regarding the SLIP subnet <replaceable>xxx.xxx.yy</replaceable> via RIP onto the Ethernet; if you are using a different Ethernet driver than - the <devicename>ed</devicename> driver, you will need to - change the references to the <devicename>ed</devicename> + the <filename>ed</filename> driver, you will need to + change the references to the <filename>ed</filename> interface appropriately. This sample file also sets up tracing to <filename>/var/tmp/gated.output</filename> for debugging <application>&gated;</application>'s activity; you can |