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1 files changed, 5418 insertions, 3363 deletions
diff --git a/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/zh_TW.po b/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/zh_TW.po index 8a31e887c1..4a6c810ab1 100644 --- a/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/zh_TW.po +++ b/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/zh_TW.po @@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: \n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-11-03 01:29+0800\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-11-23 03:23+0800\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2017-11-09 16:47+0800\n" +"Last-Translator: \n" +"Language-Team: \n" "Language: zh_TW\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Last-Translator: \n" -"Language-Team: \n" "X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.7.1\n" #. Put one translator per line, in the form NAME <EMAIL>, YEAR1, YEAR2 @@ -19,8 +19,12 @@ msgstr "translator-credits" #. (itstool) path: info/title #: book.translate.xml:19 -msgid "Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable>" -msgstr "FreeBSD 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 常見問答集" +msgid "" +"Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and " +"11.<replaceable>X</replaceable>" +msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> " +"常見問答集" #. (itstool) path: info/author #: book.translate.xml:22 @@ -29,498 +33,1054 @@ msgstr "<orgname>FreeBSD 文件計畫</orgname>" #. (itstool) path: info/copyright #: book.translate.xml:24 -msgid "<year>1995</year> <year>1996</year> <year>1997</year> <year>1998</year> <year>1999</year> <year>2000</year> <year>2001</year> <year>2002</year> <year>2003</year> <year>2004</year> <year>2005</year> <year>2006</year> <year>2007</year> <year>2008</year> <year>2009</year> <year>2010</year> <year>2011</year> <year>2012</year> <year>2013</year> <year>2014</year> <year>2015</year> <year>2016</year> <year>2017</year> <holder>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</holder>" -msgstr "<year>1995</year> <year>1996</year> <year>1997</year> <year>1998</year> <year>1999</year> <year>2000</year> <year>2001</year> <year>2002</year> <year>2003</year> <year>2004</year> <year>2005</year> <year>2006</year> <year>2007</year> <year>2008</year> <year>2009</year> <year>2010</year> <year>2011</year> <year>2012</year> <year>2013</year> <year>2014</year> <year>2015</year> <year>2016</year> <year>2017</year> <holder>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</holder>" +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"<year>1995</year> <year>1996</year> <year>1997</year> <year>1998</year> " +"<year>1999</year> <year>2000</year> <year>2001</year> <year>2002</year> " +"<year>2003</year> <year>2004</year> <year>2005</year> <year>2006</year> " +"<year>2007</year> <year>2008</year> <year>2009</year> <year>2010</year> " +"<year>2011</year> <year>2012</year> <year>2013</year> <year>2014</year> " +"<year>2015</year> <year>2016</year> <year>2017</year> <year>2018</year> " +"<holder>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</holder>" +msgstr "" +"<year>1995</year> <year>1996</year> <year>1997</year> <year>1998</year> " +"<year>1999</year> <year>2000</year> <year>2001</year> <year>2002</year> " +"<year>2003</year> <year>2004</year> <year>2005</year> <year>2006</year> " +"<year>2007</year> <year>2008</year> <year>2009</year> <year>2010</year> " +"<year>2011</year> <year>2012</year> <year>2013</year> <year>2014</year> " +"<year>2015</year> <year>2016</year> <year>2017</year> <holder>The FreeBSD " +"Documentation Project</holder>" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/title -#: book.translate.xml:54 +#: book.translate.xml:55 msgid "Copyright" msgstr "版權所有" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:56 -msgid "Redistribution and use in source (XML DocBook) and 'compiled' forms (XML, HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:" +#: book.translate.xml:57 +msgid "" +"Redistribution and use in source (XML DocBook) and 'compiled' forms (XML, " +"HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without modification, are " +"permitted provided that the following conditions are met:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63 -msgid "Redistributions of source code (XML DocBook) must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as the first lines of this file unmodified." +#: book.translate.xml:64 +msgid "" +"Redistributions of source code (XML DocBook) must retain the above copyright " +"notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as the first " +"lines of this file unmodified." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:69 -msgid "Redistributions in compiled form (transformed to other DTDs, converted to PDF, PostScript, RTF and other formats) must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution." +#: book.translate.xml:70 +msgid "" +"Redistributions in compiled form (transformed to other DTDs, converted to " +"PDF, PostScript, RTF and other formats) must reproduce the above copyright " +"notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the " +"documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:78 -msgid "THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT \"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE." +#: book.translate.xml:79 +msgid "" +"THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT \"AS IS" +"\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE " +"IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE " +"ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT BE " +"LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR " +"CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF " +"SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS " +"INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN " +"CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) " +"ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF " +"THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:95 +#: book.translate.xml:96 msgid "FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation." msgstr "FreeBSD 是 FreeBSD基金會的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:97 -msgid "Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, Flash and PostScript are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries." -msgstr "Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, 以及 PostScript 是 Adobe Systems Incorporated 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" +#: book.translate.xml:98 +msgid "" +"Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, Flash and PostScript are either registered " +"trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States " +"and/or other countries." +msgstr "" +"Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, 以及 PostScript 是 Adobe Systems " +"Incorporated 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:101 -msgid "IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both." -msgstr "IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, 和 ThinkPad 是 國際商用機器公司在美國和其他國家的註冊商標或商標。" +#: book.translate.xml:102 +msgid "" +"IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks of " +"International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other " +"countries, or both." +msgstr "" +"IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, 和 ThinkPad 是 國際商用機器公司在美國和" +"其他國家的註冊商標或商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:105 -msgid "IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered trademarks of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. in the United States." -msgstr "IEEE, POSIX, 和 802 是 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 在美國的註冊商標。" +#: book.translate.xml:106 +msgid "" +"IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered trademarks of Institute of Electrical " +"and Electronics Engineers, Inc. in the United States." +msgstr "" +"IEEE, POSIX, 和 802 是 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, " +"Inc. 在美國的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:108 -msgid "Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries." -msgstr "Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, 和 Xeon 是 Intel Corporation 及其分支機構在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" +#: book.translate.xml:109 +msgid "" +"Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, " +"and Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its " +"subsidiaries in the United States and other countries." +msgstr "" +"Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, " +"和 Xeon 是 Intel Corporation 及其分支機構在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:112 +#: book.translate.xml:113 msgid "Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds." msgstr "Linux 是 Linus Torvalds 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:114 -msgid "Microsoft, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media and Windows NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries." -msgstr "Microsoft, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media, 和 Windows NT 是 Microsoft Corporation 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" +#: book.translate.xml:115 +msgid "" +"Microsoft, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media and Windows " +"NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation " +"in the United States and/or other countries." +msgstr "" +"Microsoft, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media, 和 Windows " +"NT 是 Microsoft Corporation 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:118 +#: book.translate.xml:119 msgid "NetBSD is a registered trademark of the NetBSD Foundation." msgstr "NetBSD 是 NetBSD基金會的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:120 -msgid "Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The Open Group are trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other countries." -msgstr "Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The Open Group 是 The Open Group 在美國和其他國家的商標。" +#: book.translate.xml:121 +msgid "" +"Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The " +"Open Group are trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other " +"countries." +msgstr "" +"Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The " +"Open Group 是 The Open Group 在美國和其他國家的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:124 -msgid "Silicon Graphics, SGI, and OpenGL are registered trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc., in the United States and/or other countries worldwide." -msgstr "Silicon Graphics, SGI, 和 OpenGL 是 Silicon Graphics, Inc. 在美國和/或其他國家的註冊商標。" +#: book.translate.xml:125 +msgid "" +"Silicon Graphics, SGI, and OpenGL are registered trademarks of Silicon " +"Graphics, Inc., in the United States and/or other countries worldwide." +msgstr "" +"Silicon Graphics, SGI, 和 OpenGL 是 Silicon Graphics, Inc. 在美國和/或其他國" +"家的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:127 -msgid "Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries." -msgstr "Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox 是 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 在美國和其他國家的註冊商標。" +#: book.translate.xml:128 +msgid "" +"Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, " +"Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox are trademarks or " +"registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and " +"other countries." +msgstr "" +"Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, " +"Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox 是 Sun " +"Microsystems, Inc. 在美國和其他國家的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:132 -msgid "Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed by the <quote>™</quote> or the <quote>®</quote> symbol." -msgstr "許多製造商和經銷商使用一些稱為商標的圖案或文字設計來彰顯自己的產品。 本文中出現的眾多商標，以及 FreeBSD Project 本身廣所人知的商標，後面將以<quote>™</quote> 或 <quote>®</quote> 符號來標註。" +#: book.translate.xml:133 +msgid "" +"Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish " +"their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in " +"this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the " +"designations have been followed by the <quote>™</quote> or the <quote>®</" +"quote> symbol." +msgstr "" +"許多製造商和經銷商使用一些稱為商標的圖案或文字設計來彰顯自己的產品。 本文中出" +"現的眾多商標，以及 FreeBSD Project 本身廣所人知的商標，後面將以<quote>™</" +"quote> 或 <quote>®</quote> 符號來標註。" #. (itstool) path: info/releaseinfo -#: book.translate.xml:140 -msgid "$FreeBSD$" -msgstr "$FreeBSD$" +#: book.translate.xml:141 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"$FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml 52497 2018-11-18 11:08:58Z " +"bcr $" +msgstr "" +"$FreeBSD: head/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/faq/zh_TW.po 51191 2017-11-09 14:15:53Z " +"rcyu $" #. (itstool) path: abstract/para -#: book.translate.xml:143 -msgid "This is the Frequently Asked Questions <acronym>(FAQ)</acronym> for FreeBSD versions 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable>. Every effort has been made to make this <acronym>FAQ</acronym> as informative as possible; if you have any suggestions as to how it may be improved, send them to the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc\">FreeBSD documentation project mailing list</link>." -msgstr "這份文件是 FreeBSD 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 和 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 常見問答集 ( <acronym>(FAQ)</acronym> )。我們盡可能地讓這份 <acronym>FAQ</acronym> 提供有用的資訊 ; 如果您有任何改善建議，請寄到 <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc\">FreeBSD 文件計畫郵件論壇</link>。" +#: book.translate.xml:144 +msgid "" +"This is the Frequently Asked Questions <acronym>(FAQ)</acronym> for FreeBSD " +"versions 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and 11.<replaceable>X</" +"replaceable>. Every effort has been made to make this <acronym>FAQ</acronym> " +"as informative as possible; if you have any suggestions as to how it may be " +"improved, send them to the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/" +"mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc\">FreeBSD documentation project mailing list</" +"link>." +msgstr "" +"這份文件是 FreeBSD 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 和 11.<replaceable>X</" +"replaceable> 常見問答集 ( <acronym>(FAQ)</acronym> )。我們盡可能地讓這份 " +"<acronym>FAQ</acronym> 提供有用的資訊 ; 如果您有任何改善建議，請寄到 <link " +"xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc\">FreeBSD " +"文件計畫郵件論壇</link>。" #. (itstool) path: abstract/para -#: book.translate.xml:150 -msgid "The latest version of this document is always available from the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/index.html\">FreeBSD website</link>. It may also be downloaded as one large <link xlink:href=\"book.html\">HTML</link> file with HTTP or as a variety of other formats from the <link xlink:href=\"https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/\">FreeBSD FTP server</link>." -msgstr "The latest version of this document is always available from the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/index.html\">FreeBSD website</link>. " +#: book.translate.xml:151 +msgid "" +"The latest version of this document is always available from the <link xlink:" +"href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/index.html" +"\">FreeBSD website</link>. It may also be downloaded as one large <link " +"xlink:href=\"book.html\">HTML</link> file with HTTP or as a variety of other " +"formats from the <link xlink:href=\"https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/" +"\">FreeBSD FTP server</link>." +msgstr "" +"The latest version of this document is always available from the <link xlink:" +"href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/index.html" +"\">FreeBSD website</link>. " #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:160 +#: book.translate.xml:161 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "前言" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:165 +#: book.translate.xml:166 msgid "What is FreeBSD?" msgstr "什麼是 FreeBSD？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:169 -msgid "FreeBSD is a modern operating system for desktops, laptops, servers, and embedded systems with support for a large number of <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/\">platforms</link>." -msgstr "FreeBSD 是一個使用於桌機、筆電、伺服器與嵌入式系統平台的現代作業系統，支援多種<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/\">平台</link>。" +#: book.translate.xml:170 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD is a modern operating system for desktops, laptops, servers, and " +"embedded systems with support for a large number of <link xlink:href=" +"\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/\">platforms</link>." +msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 是一個使用於桌機、筆電、伺服器與嵌入式系統平台的現代作業系統，支援多" +"種<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/\">平台</link>。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:173 -msgid "It is based on U.C. Berkeley's <quote>4.4BSD-Lite</quote> release, with some <quote>4.4BSD-Lite2</quote> enhancements. It is also based indirectly on William Jolitz's port of U.C. Berkeley's <quote>Net/2</quote> to the <trademark>i386</trademark>, known as <quote>386BSD</quote>, though very little of the 386BSD code remains." -msgstr "它是根據 U.C. Berkeley 所開發出來的 <quote>4.4BSD-Lite</quote> ，並加上了許多 <quote>4.4BSD-Lite2</quote> 的增強功能。它同時也間接使用了 U.C. Berkeley 所開發出來並由 William Jolitz 移植到 <trademark>i386</trademark> 的 <quote>Net/2</quote>，也就是 <quote>386BSD</quote>，不過現在 386BSD 的程式碼只剩下極少數還留 存在 FreeBSD 中。" +#: book.translate.xml:174 +msgid "" +"It is based on U.C. Berkeley's <quote>4.4BSD-Lite</quote> release, with some " +"<quote>4.4BSD-Lite2</quote> enhancements. It is also based indirectly on " +"William Jolitz's port of U.C. Berkeley's <quote>Net/2</quote> to the " +"<trademark>i386</trademark>, known as <quote>386BSD</quote>, though very " +"little of the 386BSD code remains." +msgstr "" +"它是根據 U.C. Berkeley 所開發出來的 <quote>4.4BSD-Lite</quote> ，並加上了許" +"多 <quote>4.4BSD-Lite2</quote> 的增強功能。它同時也間接使用了 U.C. Berkeley " +"所開發出來並由 William Jolitz 移植到 <trademark>i386</trademark> 的 " +"<quote>Net/2</quote>，也就是 <quote>386BSD</quote>，不過現在 386BSD 的程式碼" +"只剩下極少數還留 存在 FreeBSD 中。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:181 -msgid "FreeBSD is used by companies, Internet Service Providers, researchers, computer professionals, students and home users all over the world in their work, education and recreation." -msgstr "FreeBSD 已被廣泛地被世界各地的公司行號、ISP、研究人員、電腦 專家、學生，以及家庭用戶所使用，用在工作、教育以及娛樂上。" +#: book.translate.xml:182 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD is used by companies, Internet Service Providers, researchers, " +"computer professionals, students and home users all over the world in their " +"work, education and recreation." +msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 已被廣泛地被世界各地的公司行號、ISP、研究人員、電腦 專家、學生，以及" +"家庭用戶所使用，用在工作、教育以及娛樂上。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:186 -msgid "For more detailed information on FreeBSD, refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD Handbook</link>." -msgstr "如果想看關於 FreeBSD 更深入的資料，請看 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD 使用手冊</link>。" +#: book.translate.xml:187 +msgid "" +"For more detailed information on FreeBSD, refer to the <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD " +"Handbook</link>." +msgstr "" +"如果想看關於 FreeBSD 更深入的資料，請看 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" +"doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD 使用手冊</link>。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:194 +#: book.translate.xml:195 msgid "What is the goal of the FreeBSD Project?" msgstr "發展 FreeBSD 計畫的目的是什麼？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:198 -msgid "The goal of the FreeBSD Project is to provide a stable and fast general purpose operating system that may be used for any purpose without strings attached." -msgstr "FreeBSD 計畫的目的是提供可以任意使用且沒有限制的穩定快速與一般用途的作業系統。" +#: book.translate.xml:199 +msgid "" +"The goal of the FreeBSD Project is to provide a stable and fast general " +"purpose operating system that may be used for any purpose without strings " +"attached." +msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 計畫的目的是提供可以任意使用且沒有限制的穩定快速與一般用途的作業系" +"統。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:206 +#: book.translate.xml:207 msgid "Does the FreeBSD license have any restrictions?" msgstr "FreeBSD 版權有任何限制嗎？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:210 -msgid "Yes. Those restrictions do not control how the code is used, but how to treat the FreeBSD Project itself. The license itself is available at <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html\">license</link> and can be summarized like this:" -msgstr "有的。但是這並不是限制你怎麼去使用這些程式碼，而是你怎麼看待 FreeBSD 這個計畫。可以在此閱讀 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html\"> 版權本文</link>，簡單來說總結如下:" +#: book.translate.xml:211 +msgid "" +"Yes. Those restrictions do not control how the code is used, but how to " +"treat the FreeBSD Project itself. The license itself is available at <link " +"xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html" +"\">license</link> and can be summarized like this:" +msgstr "" +"有的。但是這並不是限制你怎麼去使用這些程式碼，而是你怎麼看待 FreeBSD 這個計" +"畫。可以在此閱讀 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/" +"freebsd-license.html\"> 版權本文</link>，簡單來說總結如下:" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:218 +#: book.translate.xml:219 msgid "Do not claim that you wrote this." msgstr "請勿宣稱是您寫了這個程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:222 +#: book.translate.xml:223 msgid "Do not sue us if it breaks." msgstr "如果它出問題了，不要控告我們。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:226 +#: book.translate.xml:227 msgid "Do not remove or modify the license." msgstr "不要移除和修改版權" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:230 -msgid "Many of us have a significant investment in the project and would certainly not mind a little financial compensation now and then, but we definitely do not insist on it. We believe that our first and foremost <quote>mission</quote> is to provide code to any and all comers, and for whatever purpose, so that the code gets the widest possible use and provides the widest possible benefit. This, we believe, is one of the most fundamental goals of Free Software and one that we enthusiastically support." -msgstr "我們許多人在這個計畫投入很多心血，並不會介意獲得一些財務上的報酬，但是我們並沒有堅持一定要有。我們相信我們首要的<quote>任務</quote>是將程式碼提供給所有使用者，無論他們有任何的目的，這麼一來，這些程式碼才能被用在最多地方，也才能發揮它們最大的利益。我們相信這就是自由軟體最基本的目標之一，而且我們會盡全力去支持它。" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:241 -msgid "Code in our source tree which falls under the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING\">GNU General Public License (GPL)</link> or <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING.LIB\">GNU Library General Public License (LGPL)</link> comes with slightly more strings attached, though at least on the side of enforced access rather than the usual opposite. Due to the additional complexities that can evolve in the commercial use of GPL software, we do, however, endeavor to replace such software with submissions under the more relaxed <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html\">FreeBSD license</link> whenever possible." -msgstr "在我們 source tree 中有部份的程式碼是採用所謂的<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING\">GNU General Public License (GPL)</link> 或 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING.LIB\">GNU Library General Public License (LGPL)</link>版權宣告，雖然這些版權宣告是用來保障而非限制使用者的權 利，畢竟是不那麼自由了些。由於這些 GPL 的軟體在商業使用上會引起 非常複雜的版權問題，因此只要有機會，我們會盡量以採用比較鬆的 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html\">FreeBSD 版權</link> 的軟體來取代這些 GPL 版權宣告的軟體。" - -#. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:256 +#: book.translate.xml:231 +msgid "" +"Many of us have a significant investment in the project and would certainly " +"not mind a little financial compensation now and then, but we definitely do " +"not insist on it. We believe that our first and foremost <quote>mission</" +"quote> is to provide code to any and all comers, and for whatever purpose, " +"so that the code gets the widest possible use and provides the widest " +"possible benefit. This, we believe, is one of the most fundamental goals of " +"Free Software and one that we enthusiastically support." +msgstr "" +"我們許多人在這個計畫投入很多心血，並不會介意獲得一些財務上的報酬，但是我們並" +"沒有堅持一定要有。我們相信我們首要的<quote>任務</quote>是將程式碼提供給所有使" +"用者，無論他們有任何的目的，這麼一來，這些程式碼才能被用在最多地方，也才能發" +"揮它們最大的利益。我們相信這就是自由軟體最基本的目標之一，而且我們會盡全力去" +"支持它。" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:242 +msgid "" +"Code in our source tree which falls under the <link xlink:href=\"https://www." +"FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING\">GNU General Public License (GPL)</link> or " +"<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING.LIB\">GNU " +"Library General Public License (LGPL)</link> comes with slightly more " +"strings attached, though at least on the side of enforced access rather than " +"the usual opposite. Due to the additional complexities that can evolve in " +"the commercial use of GPL software, we do, however, endeavor to replace such " +"software with submissions under the more relaxed <link xlink:href=\"https://" +"www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html\">FreeBSD license</link> " +"whenever possible." +msgstr "" +"在我們 source tree 中有部份的程式碼是採用所謂的<link xlink:href=\"https://" +"www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING\">GNU General Public License (GPL)</link> " +"或 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING.LIB\">GNU " +"Library General Public License (LGPL)</link>版權宣告，雖然這些版權宣告是用來" +"保障而非限制使用者的權 利，畢竟是不那麼自由了些。由於這些 GPL 的軟體在商業使" +"用上會引起 非常複雜的版權問題，因此只要有機會，我們會盡量以採用比較鬆的 " +"<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html" +"\">FreeBSD 版權</link> 的軟體來取代這些 GPL 版權宣告的軟體。" + +#. (itstool) path: question/para +#: book.translate.xml:257 msgid "Can FreeBSD replace my current operating system?" msgstr "FreeBSD 可以取代我現在在用的作業系統嗎？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:260 -msgid "For most people, yes. But this question is not quite that cut-and-dried." +#: book.translate.xml:261 +msgid "" +"For most people, yes. But this question is not quite that cut-and-dried." msgstr "對大部份的人來說是這樣沒錯，但事實上這問題並沒有這麼好回答。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:263 -msgid "Most people do not actually use an operating system. They use applications. The applications are what really use the operating system. FreeBSD is designed to provide a robust and full-featured environment for applications. It supports a wide variety of web browsers, office suites, email readers, graphics programs, programming environments, network servers, and much more. Most of these applications can be managed through the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/\">Ports Collection</link>." -msgstr "大部份的人並不是真正在使用一個作業系統。他們使用的是應用程式 ；而那些應用程式才是真正用到作業系統的東西。FreeBSD 是設計用來提供一個強韌且功能完整的作業環境給應用程式來執行。它支援了多種瀏覽器，辦公室套件軟體，電子郵件閱讀軟體，繪圖程式，程式設計環境，網路伺服器軟體，以及幾乎所有你想要的東西。大部份的程式都可以靠 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/\">Ports Collection</link> 來管理。" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:274 -msgid "If an application is only available on one operating system, that operating system cannot just be replaced. Chances are, there is a very similar application on FreeBSD, however. As a solid office or Internet server or a reliable workstation, FreeBSD will almost certainly do everything you need. Many computer users across the world, including both novices and experienced <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> administrators, use FreeBSD as their only desktop operating system." -msgstr "但是如果你想要使用的應用程式只能在某個特定的作業系統上面執行 的話，你就不能輕易地把它換掉，或者指望在 FreeBSD 上有很相似的應用程式才有機會。如果你想要的是一個強健的辦公室或是網路伺服器，或是一部穩定的工作站，FreeBSD 無疑是您的最佳選擇。世界各地有很多使用者，包括初學或資深的 <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 管理人員都選用 FreeBSD 當他們唯一的桌上作業系統。" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:284 -msgid "Users migrating to FreeBSD from another <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>-like environment will find FreeBSD to be similar. <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> and <trademark class=\"registered\">Mac OS</trademark> users may be interested in instead using <link xlink:href=\"https://www.trueos.org\">TrueOS</link>, a FreeBSD-based desktop distribution. Non-<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> users should expect to invest some additional time learning the <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> way of doing things. This <acronym>FAQ</acronym> and the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD Handbook</link> are excellent places to start." -msgstr "如果你是從其他的 <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>-like 環境轉換到 FreeBSD 的話會很熟悉。 <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> 或是 <trademark class=\"registered\">Mac OS</trademark> 的使用者可能會對 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.trueos.org\">TrueOS</link> 有興趣，他是基於 FreeBSD 的一個桌面環境發行版，非<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 使用者可能就要多花一點時間來學習怎麼用 <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 的 方法來做事。你可以從這份 <acronym>FAQ</acronym> 和 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD 使用手冊</link> 來入門。" - -#. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:298 +#: book.translate.xml:264 +msgid "" +"Most people do not actually use an operating system. They use applications. " +"The applications are what really use the operating system. FreeBSD is " +"designed to provide a robust and full-featured environment for applications. " +"It supports a wide variety of web browsers, office suites, email readers, " +"graphics programs, programming environments, network servers, and much more. " +"Most of these applications can be managed through the <link xlink:href=" +"\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/\">Ports Collection</link>." +msgstr "" +"大部份的人並不是真正在使用一個作業系統。他們使用的是應用程式 ；而那些應用程式" +"才是真正用到作業系統的東西。FreeBSD 是設計用來提供一個強韌且功能完整的作業環" +"境給應用程式來執行。它支援了多種瀏覽器，辦公室套件軟體，電子郵件閱讀軟體，繪" +"圖程式，程式設計環境，網路伺服器軟體，以及幾乎所有你想要的東西。大部份的程式" +"都可以靠 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/\">Ports " +"Collection</link> 來管理。" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:275 +msgid "" +"If an application is only available on one operating system, that operating " +"system cannot just be replaced. Chances are, there is a very similar " +"application on FreeBSD, however. As a solid office or Internet server or a " +"reliable workstation, FreeBSD will almost certainly do everything you need. " +"Many computer users across the world, including both novices and experienced " +"<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> administrators, use FreeBSD " +"as their only desktop operating system." +msgstr "" +"但是如果你想要使用的應用程式只能在某個特定的作業系統上面執行 的話，你就不能輕" +"易地把它換掉，或者指望在 FreeBSD 上有很相似的應用程式才有機會。如果你想要的是" +"一個強健的辦公室或是網路伺服器，或是一部穩定的工作站，FreeBSD 無疑是您的最佳" +"選擇。世界各地有很多使用者，包括初學或資深的 <trademark class=\"registered" +"\">UNIX</trademark> 管理人員都選用 FreeBSD 當他們唯一的桌上作業系統。" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:285 +msgid "" +"Users migrating to FreeBSD from another <trademark class=\"registered" +"\">UNIX</trademark>-like environment will find FreeBSD to be similar. " +"<trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> and <trademark class=" +"\"registered\">Mac OS</trademark> users may be interested in instead using " +"<link xlink:href=\"https://www.trueos.org\">TrueOS</link>, a FreeBSD-based " +"desktop distribution. Non-<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> " +"users should expect to invest some additional time learning the <trademark " +"class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> way of doing things. This " +"<acronym>FAQ</acronym> and the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD Handbook</link> are " +"excellent places to start." +msgstr "" +"如果你是從其他的 <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>-like 環境轉" +"換到 FreeBSD 的話會很熟悉。 <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</" +"trademark> 或是 <trademark class=\"registered\">Mac OS</trademark> 的使用者可" +"能會對 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.trueos.org\">TrueOS</link> 有興趣，他是" +"基於 FreeBSD 的一個桌面環境發行版，非<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</" +"trademark> 使用者可能就要多花一點時間來學習怎麼用 <trademark class=" +"\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 的 方法來做事。你可以從這份 <acronym>FAQ</" +"acronym> 和 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/" +"handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD 使用手冊</link> 來入門。" + +#. (itstool) path: question/para +#: book.translate.xml:299 msgid "Why is it called FreeBSD?" msgstr "為什麼要叫做 FreeBSD？" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:304 +#: book.translate.xml:305 msgid "It may be used free of charge, even by commercial users." msgstr "您可以免費使用它，即使是用於商業用途。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:309 -msgid "Full source for the operating system is freely available, and the minimum possible restrictions have been placed upon its use, distribution and incorporation into other work (commercial or non-commercial)." -msgstr "整個 FreeBSD 作業系統完整的原始程式都可以免費取得，而且不管是在使用，散佈或是整合進其他程式等各方面也只受到最小的限制 (不論是否用於商業用途)。" +#: book.translate.xml:310 +msgid "" +"Full source for the operating system is freely available, and the minimum " +"possible restrictions have been placed upon its use, distribution and " +"incorporation into other work (commercial or non-commercial)." +msgstr "" +"整個 FreeBSD 作業系統完整的原始程式都可以免費取得，而且不管是在使用，散佈或是" +"整合進其他程式等各方面也只受到最小的限制 (不論是否用於商業用途)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:317 -msgid "Anyone who has an improvement or bug fix is free to submit their code and have it added to the source tree (subject to one or two obvious provisions)." -msgstr "任何人都可以自由地把他對系統的改良或錯誤修正的程式碼加入 source tree 之中 (當然要符合幾個先決條件)。" +#: book.translate.xml:318 +msgid "" +"Anyone who has an improvement or bug fix is free to submit their code and " +"have it added to the source tree (subject to one or two obvious provisions)." +msgstr "" +"任何人都可以自由地把他對系統的改良或錯誤修正的程式碼加入 source tree 之中 (當" +"然要符合幾個先決條件)。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:324 -msgid "It is worth pointing out that the word <quote>free</quote> is being used in two ways here: one meaning <quote>at no cost</quote> and the other meaning <quote>do whatever you like</quote>. Apart from one or two things you <emphasis>cannot</emphasis> do with the FreeBSD code, for example pretending you wrote it, you can really do whatever you like with it." -msgstr "特別值得注意的是這裡的 “free” 出現了兩次，而且它們 的意思是不一樣的：一種代表 “免費”，另一種代表 “自由”。您可以拿 FreeBSD 去做任何您想要做的事，除了一些例外，例如您宣稱 FreeBSD 是您寫的。" +#: book.translate.xml:325 +msgid "" +"It is worth pointing out that the word <quote>free</quote> is being used in " +"two ways here: one meaning <quote>at no cost</quote> and the other meaning " +"<quote>do whatever you like</quote>. Apart from one or two things you " +"<emphasis>cannot</emphasis> do with the FreeBSD code, for example pretending " +"you wrote it, you can really do whatever you like with it." +msgstr "" +"特別值得注意的是這裡的 “free” 出現了兩次，而且它們 的意思是不一樣的：一種代" +"表 “免費”，另一種代表 “自由”。您可以拿 FreeBSD 去做任何您想要做的事，除了一些" +"例外，例如您宣稱 FreeBSD 是您寫的。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:336 -msgid "What are the differences between FreeBSD and NetBSD, OpenBSD, and other open source BSD operating systems?" -msgstr "FreeBSD 及 NetBSD, OpenBSD 以及其他 open source BSD 作業系統之間有何不同之處呢？" +#: book.translate.xml:337 +msgid "" +"What are the differences between FreeBSD and NetBSD, OpenBSD, and other open " +"source BSD operating systems?" +msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 及 NetBSD, OpenBSD 以及其他 open source BSD 作業系統之間有何不同之處" +"呢？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:342 -msgid "James Howard wrote a good explanation of the history and differences between the various projects, called <link xlink:href=\"http://www.freebsdworld.gr/freebsd/bsd-family-tree.html\">The BSD Family Tree</link> which goes a fair way to answering this question. Some of the information is out of date, but the history portion in particular remains accurate." -msgstr "James Howard 寫了一篇關於不同計畫的差異和歷史淵源的好文章叫 <link xlink:href=\"http://www.freebsdworld.gr/freebsd/bsd-family-tree.html\">The BSD Family Tree</link> 可以回答這個問題。雖然有些資訊有點過時，但是關於歷史淵源的部份仍是相當正確的。" +#: book.translate.xml:343 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"James Howard wrote a good explanation of the history and differences between " +"the various projects, called <link xlink:href=\"https://jameshoward.us/" +"archive/the-bsd-family-tree/\">The BSD Family Tree</link> which goes a fair " +"way to answering this question. Some of the information is out of date, but " +"the history portion in particular remains accurate." +msgstr "" +"James Howard 寫了一篇關於不同計畫的差異和歷史淵源的好文章叫 <link xlink:href=" +"\"http://www.freebsdworld.gr/freebsd/bsd-family-tree.html\">The BSD Family " +"Tree</link> 可以回答這個問題。雖然有些資訊有點過時，但是關於歷史淵源的部份仍" +"是相當正確的。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:349 -msgid "Most of the BSDs share patches and code, even today. All of the BSDs have common ancestry." -msgstr "時至今日，大部分的 BSD 家族仍是共用修補和程式碼的。這些 BSD 家族有著共同的祖先。" +#: book.translate.xml:350 +msgid "" +"Most of the BSDs share patches and code, even today. All of the BSDs have " +"common ancestry." +msgstr "" +"時至今日，大部分的 BSD 家族仍是共用修補和程式碼的。這些 BSD 家族有著共同的祖" +"先。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:352 -msgid "The design goals of FreeBSD are described in <xref linkend=\"FreeBSD-goals\"/>, above. The design goals of the other most popular BSDs may be summarized as follows:" -msgstr " FreeBSD 的設計目的如 <xref linkend=\"FreeBSD-goals\"/> 所述。其他 BSD 家族的設計目的如下所述：" +#: book.translate.xml:353 +msgid "" +"The design goals of FreeBSD are described in <xref linkend=\"FreeBSD-goals\"/" +">, above. The design goals of the other most popular BSDs may be summarized " +"as follows:" +msgstr "" +" FreeBSD 的設計目的如 <xref linkend=\"FreeBSD-goals\"/> 所述。其他 BSD 家族的" +"設計目的如下所述：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:358 -msgid "OpenBSD aims for operating system security above all else. The OpenBSD team wrote <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, which have both been ported to FreeBSD." -msgstr "OpenBSD 目標在作業系統的安全性。OpenBSD團隊寫的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> 都移植到了 FreeBSD。" +#: book.translate.xml:359 +msgid "" +"OpenBSD aims for operating system security above all else. The OpenBSD team " +"wrote <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pf</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, which have both been " +"ported to FreeBSD." +msgstr "" +"OpenBSD 目標在作業系統的安全性。OpenBSD團隊寫的 " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pf</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> 都移植到了 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:365 +#: book.translate.xml:366 msgid "NetBSD aims to be easily ported to other hardware platforms." msgstr "NetBSD 目標在易於移植到其他的硬體平台。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:370 -msgid "DragonFly BSD is a fork of FreeBSD 4.8 that has since developed many interesting features of its own, including the HAMMER file system and support for user-mode <quote>vkernels</quote>." -msgstr "DragonFly BSD 是 FreeBSD 4.8 的一個分支，發展出許多有趣的特色，包括 HAMMER 檔案系統和支援 <quote>vkernels</quote> 使用者模式。" +#: book.translate.xml:371 +msgid "" +"DragonFly BSD is a fork of FreeBSD 4.8 that has since developed many " +"interesting features of its own, including the HAMMER file system and " +"support for user-mode <quote>vkernels</quote>." +msgstr "" +"DragonFly BSD 是 FreeBSD 4.8 的一個分支，發展出許多有趣的特色，包括 HAMMER 檔" +"案系統和支援 <quote>vkernels</quote> 使用者模式。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:381 +#: book.translate.xml:382 msgid "What is the latest version of FreeBSD?" msgstr "最新版的 FreeBSD 是那一版？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:385 -msgid "At any point in the development of FreeBSD, there can be multiple parallel branches. 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases are made from the <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> branch, and 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases are made from the <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> branch." -msgstr "在 FreeBSD 開發的任何時間點，都有多個平行的分支。11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases 是從 <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> 分支而來，而 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases 是從 <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> 分支而來。" +#: book.translate.xml:386 +msgid "" +"At any point in the development of FreeBSD, there can be multiple parallel " +"branches. 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases are made from the " +"<emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> branch, and 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> " +"releases are made from the <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> branch." +msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD 開發的任何時間點，都有多個平行的分支。11.<replaceable>X</" +"replaceable> releases 是從 <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> 分支而來，而 10." +"<replaceable>X</replaceable> releases 是從 <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> 分" +"支而來。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:390 -msgid "Up until the release of 9.0, the 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> series was the one known as <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>. However, as of 12.<replaceable>X</replaceable>, the 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> branch will be designated for an <quote>extended support</quote> status and receive only fixes for major problems, such as security-related fixes." -msgstr "在 9.0 之前，10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 系列仍屬 <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>分支。 然而從12.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 發行開始，10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 將只著重在重大問題上(比如：漏洞修補、安全維護)以及所謂的 <quote>extended support</quote> 。" +#: book.translate.xml:391 +msgid "" +"Up until the release of 9.0, the 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> series was " +"the one known as <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>. However, as of 12." +"<replaceable>X</replaceable>, the 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> branch " +"will be designated for an <quote>extended support</quote> status and receive " +"only fixes for major problems, such as security-related fixes." +msgstr "" +"在 9.0 之前，10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 系列仍屬 <emphasis>-STABLE</" +"emphasis>分支。 然而從12.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 發行開始，10." +"<replaceable>X</replaceable> 將只著重在重大問題上(比如：漏洞修補、安全維護)以" +"及所謂的 <quote>extended support</quote> 。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:401 -msgid "Version <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/i386/11.1-RELEASE/\">11.1</link> is the latest release from the <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> branch; it was released in July 2017. Version <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/\">10.4</link> is the latest release from the <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> branch; it was released in October 2017." -msgstr "於 2017年七月所發行的 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/i386/11.1-RELEASE/\">11.1</link> 是目前最新的 <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> 分支。 於 2017年十月所發行的 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/\">10.4</link>是目前最新的 <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> 分支。" +#: book.translate.xml:402 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Version <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/" +"i386/11.2-RELEASE/\">11.2</link> is the latest release from the <emphasis>11-" +"STABLE</emphasis> branch; it was released in June 2018. Version <link xlink:" +"href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/\">10.4</" +"link> is the latest release from the <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> branch; " +"it was released in October 2017." +msgstr "" +"於 2017年七月所發行的 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" +"releases/i386/i386/11.1-RELEASE/\">11.1</link> 是目前最新的 <emphasis>11-" +"STABLE</emphasis> 分支。 於 2017年十月所發行的 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp." +"FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/\">10.4</link>是目前最新" +"的 <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> 分支。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:407 -msgid "Releases are made <link linkend=\"release-freq\">every few months</link>. While many people stay more up-to-date with the FreeBSD sources (see the questions on <link linkend=\"current\">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> and <link linkend=\"stable\">FreeBSD-STABLE</link>) than that, doing so is more of a commitment, as the sources are a moving target." -msgstr "Releases 版 <link linkend=\"release-freq\">每幾個月</link> 才會發行一次。 雖然如此，有很多人和 FreeBSD 原始碼同步更新 (詳見 <link linkend=\"current\">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> 和 <link linkend=\"stable\">FreeBSD-STABLE</link>的相關問題) ，但因為原始碼是一直不斷地在變動的，所以如果要這麼做的話得要花上更多的精力。" +#: book.translate.xml:408 +msgid "" +"Releases are made <link linkend=\"release-freq\">every few months</link>. " +"While many people stay more up-to-date with the FreeBSD sources (see the " +"questions on <link linkend=\"current\">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> and <link " +"linkend=\"stable\">FreeBSD-STABLE</link>) than that, doing so is more of a " +"commitment, as the sources are a moving target." +msgstr "" +"Releases 版 <link linkend=\"release-freq\">每幾個月</link> 才會發行一次。 雖" +"然如此，有很多人和 FreeBSD 原始碼同步更新 (詳見 <link linkend=\"current" +"\">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> 和 <link linkend=\"stable\">FreeBSD-STABLE</link>的" +"相關問題) ，但因為原始碼是一直不斷地在變動的，所以如果要這麼做的話得要花上更" +"多的精力。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:414 -msgid "More information on FreeBSD releases can be found on the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html#release-build\">Release Engineering page</link> and in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>." -msgstr "其他更多相關 FreeBSD 發行情報，可由 FreeBSD 網站上的 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html#release-build\">Release Engineering 頁面</link> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>得知。" +#: book.translate.xml:415 +msgid "" +"More information on FreeBSD releases can be found on the <link xlink:href=" +"\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html#release-build\">Release " +"Engineering page</link> and in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>release</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +msgstr "" +"其他更多相關 FreeBSD 發行情報，可由 FreeBSD 網站上的 <link xlink:href=" +"\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html#release-build\">Release " +"Engineering 頁面</link> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>release</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>得知。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:422 +#: book.translate.xml:423 msgid "What is <emphasis>FreeBSD-CURRENT</emphasis>?" msgstr "什麼是 <emphasis>FreeBSD-CURRENT</emphasis>?" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:426 -msgid "<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html#current\">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> is the development version of the operating system, which will in due course become the new FreeBSD-STABLE branch. As such, it is really only of interest to developers working on the system and die-hard hobbyists. See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html#current\">relevant section</link> in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/index.html\">Handbook</link> for details on running <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>." -msgstr "<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/current-stable.html#current\">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> 指的是正在發展中的作業系統版本，它終將在適當的時機成為 FreeBSD-STABLE 分支。它實在是只適合給系統發展者以及有毅力的業餘愛好者使用 。如果想要得到有關如何使用<emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>的深入資訊，請參考<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/index.html\">使用手冊</link>的<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/current-stable.html#current\">相關部份</link>。" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:435 -msgid "Users not familiar with FreeBSD should not use FreeBSD-CURRENT. This branch sometimes evolves quite quickly and due to mistake can be un-buildable at times. People that use FreeBSD-CURRENT are expected to be able to analyze, debug, and report problems." -msgstr "如果您對 FreeBSD 本身並不是很熟悉那麼您就不應該使用FreeBSD-CURRENT。 這個分支的程式碼有時候變動得很快，而且可能會因此 而使您有好幾天的時間無法更新您的系統。我們假設使用 FreeBSD-CURRENT 的使用者都有能力去分析他們所遇到的問題，除錯，並且回報問題。" +#: book.translate.xml:427 +msgid "" +"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" +"current-stable.html#current\">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> is the development " +"version of the operating system, which will in due course become the new " +"FreeBSD-STABLE branch. As such, it is really only of interest to developers " +"working on the system and die-hard hobbyists. See the <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable." +"html#current\">relevant section</link> in the <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/index.html" +"\">Handbook</link> for details on running <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>." +msgstr "" +"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/current-" +"stable.html#current\">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> 指的是正在發展中的作業系統版本，" +"它終將在適當的時機成為 FreeBSD-STABLE 分支。它實在是只適合給系統發展者以及有" +"毅力的業餘愛好者使用 。如果想要得到有關如何使用<emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>" +"的深入資訊，請參考<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/" +"handbook/index.html\">使用手冊</link>的<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" +"doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/current-stable.html#current\">相關部份</" +"link>。" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:436 +msgid "" +"Users not familiar with FreeBSD should not use FreeBSD-CURRENT. This branch " +"sometimes evolves quite quickly and due to mistake can be un-buildable at " +"times. People that use FreeBSD-CURRENT are expected to be able to analyze, " +"debug, and report problems." +msgstr "" +"如果您對 FreeBSD 本身並不是很熟悉那麼您就不應該使用FreeBSD-CURRENT。 這個分支" +"的程式碼有時候變動得很快，而且可能會因此 而使您有好幾天的時間無法更新您的系" +"統。我們假設使用 FreeBSD-CURRENT 的使用者都有能力去分析他們所遇到的問題，除" +"錯，並且回報問題。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:441 -msgid "FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">snapshot</link> releases are made based on the current state of the <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> and <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> branches. The goals behind each snapshot release are:" -msgstr "我們每天都會根據目前 <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> 和 <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> 的狀況對這兩個分支各發行一個 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">snapshot</link> 版。發表這些 snapshot 的目的在於：" +#: book.translate.xml:442 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">snapshot</link> " +"releases are made based on the current state of the <emphasis>-CURRENT</" +"emphasis> and <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> branches. The goals behind each " +"snapshot release are:" +msgstr "" +"我們每天都會根據目前 <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> 和 <emphasis>-STABLE</" +"emphasis> 的狀況對這兩個分支各發行一個 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" +"snapshots/\">snapshot</link> 版。發表這些 snapshot 的目的在於：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:449 +#: book.translate.xml:450 msgid "To test the latest version of the installation software." msgstr "測試最新版的安裝程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:454 -msgid "To give people who would like to run <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> or <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> but who do not have the time or bandwidth to follow it on a day-to-day basis an easy way of bootstrapping it onto their systems." -msgstr "提供一個簡單的方法給那些喜歡使用 <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> 或是 <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> 但是沒有時間和頻寬去每天昇級的使用者。" +#: book.translate.xml:455 +msgid "" +"To give people who would like to run <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> or " +"<emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> but who do not have the time or bandwidth to " +"follow it on a day-to-day basis an easy way of bootstrapping it onto their " +"systems." +msgstr "" +"提供一個簡單的方法給那些喜歡使用 <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> 或是 " +"<emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> 但是沒有時間和頻寬去每天昇級的使用者。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:463 -msgid "To preserve a fixed reference point for the code in question, just in case we break something really badly later. (Although Subversion normally prevents anything horrible like this happening.)" -msgstr "為了替我們發展中的程式保留一個固定的參考點，以防止我們未來不幸搞砸了。(雖然一般而言 Subversion 可以防止類似這種的可怕事件)" +#: book.translate.xml:464 +msgid "" +"To preserve a fixed reference point for the code in question, just in case " +"we break something really badly later. (Although Subversion normally " +"prevents anything horrible like this happening.)" +msgstr "" +"為了替我們發展中的程式保留一個固定的參考點，以防止我們未來不幸搞砸了。(雖然一" +"般而言 Subversion 可以防止類似這種的可怕事件)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:470 -msgid "To ensure that all new features and fixes in need of testing have the greatest possible number of potential testers." +#: book.translate.xml:471 +msgid "" +"To ensure that all new features and fixes in need of testing have the " +"greatest possible number of potential testers." msgstr "為了確保所有需要測試的新功能或修正都可以得到最多的測試。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:476 -msgid "No claims are made that any <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> snapshot can be considered <quote>production quality</quote> for any purpose. If a stable and fully tested system is needed, stick to full releases." -msgstr "我們不對 <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> snapshot 做任何目的的 <quote>品質保證</quote> 。如果你想要的是一個穩定且經過充分測試過的系統的話， 最好選擇使用完整 releases." +#: book.translate.xml:477 +msgid "" +"No claims are made that any <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> snapshot can be " +"considered <quote>production quality</quote> for any purpose. If a stable " +"and fully tested system is needed, stick to full releases." +msgstr "" +"我們不對 <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> snapshot 做任何目的的 <quote>品質保證" +"</quote> 。如果你想要的是一個穩定且經過充分測試過的系統的話， 最好選擇使用完" +"整 releases." #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:482 -msgid "Snapshot releases are directly available from <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">snapshot</link>." -msgstr "您可以直接從 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">snapshot</link> 取得 -CURRENT 的 snapshot release。" +#: book.translate.xml:483 +msgid "" +"Snapshot releases are directly available from <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">snapshot</link>." +msgstr "" +"您可以直接從 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">snapshot</" +"link> 取得 -CURRENT 的 snapshot release。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:484 -msgid "Official snapshots are generated on a regular basis for all actively developed branches." +#: book.translate.xml:485 +msgid "" +"Official snapshots are generated on a regular basis for all actively " +"developed branches." msgstr "對每個有在活動的分支而言，都會定期產生一次 snapshots。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:491 +#: book.translate.xml:492 msgid "What is the <emphasis>FreeBSD-STABLE</emphasis> concept?" msgstr "什麼是 <emphasis>FreeBSD-STABLE</emphasis> ?" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:496 -msgid "Back when FreeBSD 2.0.5 was released, FreeBSD development branched in two. One branch was named <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html#stable\">-STABLE</link>, one <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html#current\">-CURRENT</link>. <emphasis>FreeBSD-STABLE</emphasis> is the development branch from which major releases are made. Changes go into this branch at a slower pace and with the general assumption that they have first been tested in FreeBSD-CURRENT. However, at any given time, the sources for FreeBSD-STABLE may or may not be suitable for general use, as it may uncover bugs and corner cases that were not yet found in FreeBSD-CURRENT. Users who do not have the resources to perform testing should instead run the most recent release of FreeBSD. <emphasis>FreeBSD-CURRENT</emphasis>, on the other hand, has been one unbroken line since 2.0 was released, leading towards 11.1-RELEASE and beyond. For more detailed information on branches see <quote><link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/release-proc.html#rel-branch\">FreeBSD Release Engineering: Creating the Release Branch</link></quote>, the status of the branches and the upcoming release schedule can be found on the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng\">Release Engineering Information</link> page." -msgstr "回溯到 FreeBSD 2.0.5 剛發表的時候，我們決定把 FreeBSD 的發展 分成兩支。一支叫做 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html#stable\">-STABLE</link>，另一支叫 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html#current\">-CURRENT</link>。主要發行版是由<emphasis>FreeBSD-STABLE</emphasis> 這個開發分支而來。他的變動較慢，而且一般來說假設他們都已經先在FreeBSD-CURRENT測試過了。然而在任何時候，FreeBSD-STABLE的原始碼仍有可能不一定適合一般用途，因為他可能包含在 FreeBSD-CURRENT 沒有發現到的錯誤。沒有能力和資源的使用者應該改使用 FreeBSD 正式發行版。<emphasis>FreeBSD-CURRENT</emphasis> 從2.0開始就是另一個分支，一直到11.1-RELEASE和之後的版本都還是。更多關於開發分支的資訊請見 <quote><link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/release-proc.html#rel-branch\">FreeBSD Release Engineering: Creating the Release Branch</link></quote> ，分支的開發狀態和接下來的發行計畫時間表可以在 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng\">Release Engineering 資訊</link> 找到。" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:518 -msgid "11.1-STABLE is the actively developed <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> branch. The latest release on the 11.1-STABLE branch is 11.1-RELEASE, which was released in July 2017." -msgstr "11.1-STABLE 是目前正在發展中的 <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> 分支。最新的 11.1-STABLE 是在 2017年七月發行的 11.1-RELEASE。" +#: book.translate.xml:497 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Back when FreeBSD 2.0.5 was released, FreeBSD development branched in two. " +"One branch was named <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html#stable\">-STABLE</link>, one " +"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" +"current-stable.html#current\">-CURRENT</link>. <emphasis>FreeBSD-STABLE</" +"emphasis> is the development branch from which major releases are made. " +"Changes go into this branch at a slower pace and with the general assumption " +"that they have first been tested in FreeBSD-CURRENT. However, at any given " +"time, the sources for FreeBSD-STABLE may or may not be suitable for general " +"use, as it may uncover bugs and corner cases that were not yet found in " +"FreeBSD-CURRENT. Users who do not have the resources to perform testing " +"should instead run the most recent release of FreeBSD. <emphasis>FreeBSD-" +"CURRENT</emphasis>, on the other hand, has been one unbroken line since 2.0 " +"was released, leading towards 11.2-RELEASE and beyond. For more detailed " +"information on branches see <quote><link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/release-proc.html#rel-branch\">FreeBSD " +"Release Engineering: Creating the Release Branch</link></quote>, the status " +"of the branches and the upcoming release schedule can be found on the <link " +"xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng\">Release Engineering " +"Information</link> page." +msgstr "" +"回溯到 FreeBSD 2.0.5 剛發表的時候，我們決定把 FreeBSD 的發展 分成兩支。一支叫" +"做 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" +"current-stable.html#stable\">-STABLE</link>，另一支叫 <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable." +"html#current\">-CURRENT</link>。主要發行版是由<emphasis>FreeBSD-STABLE</" +"emphasis> 這個開發分支而來。他的變動較慢，而且一般來說假設他們都已經先在" +"FreeBSD-CURRENT測試過了。然而在任何時候，FreeBSD-STABLE的原始碼仍有可能不一定" +"適合一般用途，因為他可能包含在 FreeBSD-CURRENT 沒有發現到的錯誤。沒有能力和資" +"源的使用者應該改使用 FreeBSD 正式發行版。<emphasis>FreeBSD-CURRENT</" +"emphasis> 從2.0開始就是另一個分支，一直到11.1-RELEASE和之後的版本都還是。更多" +"關於開發分支的資訊請見 <quote><link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"ISO8859-1/articles/releng/release-proc.html#rel-branch\">FreeBSD Release " +"Engineering: Creating the Release Branch</link></quote> ，分支的開發狀態和接" +"下來的發行計畫時間表可以在 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng" +"\">Release Engineering 資訊</link> 找到。" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:519 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"11.2-STABLE is the actively developed <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> branch. " +"The latest release on the 11.2-STABLE branch is 11.2-RELEASE, which was " +"released in June 2018." +msgstr "" +"11.1-STABLE 是目前正在發展中的 <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> 分支。最新的 " +"11.1-STABLE 是在 2017年七月發行的 11.1-RELEASE。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:524 -msgid "The <emphasis>12-CURRENT</emphasis> branch is the actively developed <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> branch toward the next generation of FreeBSD. See <link linkend=\"current\">What is FreeBSD-CURRENT?</link> for more information on this branch." -msgstr "<emphasis>12-CURRENT</emphasis> 這個分支是 FreeBSD 的 <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> 分支，仍然不斷地在發展當中。 如果想要知道更多關於這個分支的資訊的話，請參考 <link linkend=\"current\">什麼是 FreeBSD-CURRENT?</link> 。" +#: book.translate.xml:525 +msgid "" +"The <emphasis>12-CURRENT</emphasis> branch is the actively developed " +"<emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> branch toward the next generation of FreeBSD. " +"See <link linkend=\"current\">What is FreeBSD-CURRENT?</link> for more " +"information on this branch." +msgstr "" +"<emphasis>12-CURRENT</emphasis> 這個分支是 FreeBSD 的 <emphasis>-CURRENT</" +"emphasis> 分支，仍然不斷地在發展當中。 如果想要知道更多關於這個分支的資訊的" +"話，請參考 <link linkend=\"current\">什麼是 FreeBSD-CURRENT?</link> 。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:534 +#: book.translate.xml:535 msgid "When are FreeBSD releases made?" msgstr "每次新的 FreeBSD 將於什麼時候推出？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:538 -msgid "The Release Engineering Team <email>re@FreeBSD.org</email> releases a new major version of FreeBSD about every 18 months and a new minor version about every 8 months, on average. Release dates are announced well in advance, so that the people working on the system know when their projects need to be finished and tested. A testing period precedes each release, to ensure that the addition of new features does not compromise the stability of the release. Many users regard this caution as one of the best things about FreeBSD, even though waiting for all the latest goodies to reach <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> can be a little frustrating." -msgstr "一般而言，Release Engineering Team <email>re@FreeBSD.org</email> 約每18個月發行一次主要發行版本，約平均每8個月發行一次次要發行版本。每次新版本的發表時程都會事先公告， 相關的開發人員就會知道，什麼時候該先把手邊的計劃完成並且測試過， 此外，這些更動都已經完整地測試過，確保新功能不會影響系統的穩定度。 雖然，等這些好東西進入<emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> 的時間令人等得有些不耐煩， 但是大多數的使用者都認為這種謹慎的態度是 FreeBSD 最好的優點之一。" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:550 -msgid "More information on the release engineering process (including a schedule of upcoming releases) can be found on the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html\">release engineering</link> pages on the FreeBSD Web site." -msgstr "有關發行情報的更多細節部分(包括 release 的行程表、進度)，都可在 FreeBSD 網站上的 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html\">發行情報</link> 上面獲得。" +#: book.translate.xml:539 +msgid "" +"The Release Engineering Team <email>re@FreeBSD.org</email> releases a new " +"major version of FreeBSD about every 18 months and a new minor version about " +"every 8 months, on average. Release dates are announced well in advance, so " +"that the people working on the system know when their projects need to be " +"finished and tested. A testing period precedes each release, to ensure that " +"the addition of new features does not compromise the stability of the " +"release. Many users regard this caution as one of the best things about " +"FreeBSD, even though waiting for all the latest goodies to reach <emphasis>-" +"STABLE</emphasis> can be a little frustrating." +msgstr "" +"一般而言，Release Engineering Team <email>re@FreeBSD.org</email> 約每18個月發" +"行一次主要發行版本，約平均每8個月發行一次次要發行版本。每次新版本的發表時程都" +"會事先公告， 相關的開發人員就會知道，什麼時候該先把手邊的計劃完成並且測試" +"過， 此外，這些更動都已經完整地測試過，確保新功能不會影響系統的穩定度。 雖" +"然，等這些好東西進入<emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> 的時間令人等得有些不耐煩， " +"但是大多數的使用者都認為這種謹慎的態度是 FreeBSD 最好的優點之一。" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:551 +msgid "" +"More information on the release engineering process (including a schedule of " +"upcoming releases) can be found on the <link xlink:href=\"https://www." +"FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html\">release engineering</link> pages on the " +"FreeBSD Web site." +msgstr "" +"有關發行情報的更多細節部分(包括 release 的行程表、進度)，都可在 FreeBSD 網站" +"上的 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html\">發行情報" +"</link> 上面獲得。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:555 -msgid "For people who need or want a little more excitement, binary snapshots are made weekly as discussed above." -msgstr "為了滿足那些需要 (或想要) 新鮮刺激感的使用者， 上面已經提到我們每周都會發行 snapshots 版可供使用。" +#: book.translate.xml:556 +msgid "" +"For people who need or want a little more excitement, binary snapshots are " +"made weekly as discussed above." +msgstr "" +"為了滿足那些需要 (或想要) 新鮮刺激感的使用者， 上面已經提到我們每周都會發行 " +"snapshots 版可供使用。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:563 +#: book.translate.xml:564 msgid "Who is responsible for FreeBSD?" msgstr "誰負責 FreeBSD 的發展？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:567 -msgid "The key decisions concerning the FreeBSD project, such as the overall direction of the project and who is allowed to add code to the source tree, are made by a <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/administration.html#t-core\">core team</link> of 9 people. There is a much larger team of more than 350 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/article.html#staff-committers\">committers</link> who are authorized to make changes directly to the FreeBSD source tree." -msgstr "如果是一些有關 FreeBSD 計畫的關鍵性決定，像是整個計畫的走向 或是決定誰可以改 source tree 裡的程式碼這類的事，是由一個由 9 個 人所組成的 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/administration.html#t-core\">core team</link> 來決定。而有另一群超過 350 個人的 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/article.html#staff-committers\">committers</link> 有權利可以直接修改 FreeBSD 的 source tree。" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:575 -msgid "However, most non-trivial changes are discussed in advance in the <link linkend=\"mailing\">mailing lists</link>, and there are no restrictions on who may take part in the discussion." -msgstr "無論如何，大多數的改變都會事前在 <link linkend=\"mailing\">郵件論壇</link>先討論過，而且不分角色，每個人都可以參與討論。" +#: book.translate.xml:568 +msgid "" +"The key decisions concerning the FreeBSD project, such as the overall " +"direction of the project and who is allowed to add code to the source tree, " +"are made by a <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/administration.html#t-core" +"\">core team</link> of 9 people. There is a much larger team of more than " +"350 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/" +"contributors/article.html#staff-committers\">committers</link> who are " +"authorized to make changes directly to the FreeBSD source tree." +msgstr "" +"如果是一些有關 FreeBSD 計畫的關鍵性決定，像是整個計畫的走向 或是決定誰可以改 " +"source tree 裡的程式碼這類的事，是由一個由 9 個 人所組成的 <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/administration.html#t-core\">core team</link> 來決定。而" +"有另一群超過 350 個人的 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/article.html#staff-committers\">committers</" +"link> 有權利可以直接修改 FreeBSD 的 source tree。" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:576 +msgid "" +"However, most non-trivial changes are discussed in advance in the <link " +"linkend=\"mailing\">mailing lists</link>, and there are no restrictions on " +"who may take part in the discussion." +msgstr "" +"無論如何，大多數的改變都會事前在 <link linkend=\"mailing\">郵件論壇</link>先" +"討論過，而且不分角色，每個人都可以參與討論。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:584 +#: book.translate.xml:585 msgid "Where can I get FreeBSD?" msgstr "我要如何取得 FreeBSD？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:588 -msgid "Every significant release of FreeBSD is available via anonymous FTP from the <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/\"> FreeBSD FTP site</link>:" -msgstr "每個 FreeBSD 的重要版本都可以經由匿名 FTP 從 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/\"> FreeBSD FTP 站</link> 取得：" +#: book.translate.xml:589 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Every significant release of FreeBSD is available via anonymous FTP from the " +"<link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/\">FreeBSD FTP site</" +"link>:" +msgstr "" +"每個 FreeBSD 的重要版本都可以經由匿名 FTP 從 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp." +"FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/\"> FreeBSD FTP 站</link> 取得：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:594 -msgid "The latest <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> release, 11.1-RELEASE can be found in the <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/i386/11.1-RELEASE/\">11.1-RELEASE directory</link>." -msgstr "最新版 <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> , 也就是 11.1-RELEASE 請到 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/i386/11.1-RELEASE/\">11.1-RELEASE 這個目錄</link>。" +#: book.translate.xml:595 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The latest <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> release, 11.2-RELEASE can be found " +"in the <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/" +"i386/11.2-RELEASE/\">11.2-RELEASE directory</link>." +msgstr "" +"最新版 <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> , 也就是 11.1-RELEASE 請到 <link xlink:" +"href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/i386/11.1-RELEASE/" +"\">11.1-RELEASE 這個目錄</link>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:600 -msgid "<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">Snapshot</link> releases are made monthly for the <link linkend=\"current\">-CURRENT</link> and <link linkend=\"stable\">-STABLE</link> branch, these being of service purely to bleeding-edge testers and developers." -msgstr "<link linkend=\"current\">-CURRENT</link> 和 <link linkend=\"stable\">-STABLE</link> 分支的<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">Snapshot</link>版本通常每個月會做一次， 主要是為了提供給那些熱心的測試者和開發人員。" +#: book.translate.xml:601 +msgid "" +"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/\">Snapshot</link> releases " +"are made monthly for the <link linkend=\"current\">-CURRENT</link> and <link " +"linkend=\"stable\">-STABLE</link> branch, these being of service purely to " +"bleeding-edge testers and developers." +msgstr "" +"<link linkend=\"current\">-CURRENT</link> 和 <link linkend=\"stable\">-" +"STABLE</link> 分支的<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/snapshots/" +"\">Snapshot</link>版本通常每個月會做一次， 主要是為了提供給那些熱心的測試者和" +"開發人員。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:607 -msgid "The latest <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> release, 10.4-RELEASE can be found in the <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/\">10.4-RELEASE directory</link>." -msgstr "最新版 <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> , 也就是10.4-RELEASE 請到 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/\">10.4-RELEASE 這個目錄</link>。" +#: book.translate.xml:608 +msgid "" +"The latest <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> release, 10.4-RELEASE can be found " +"in the <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/" +"i386/10.4-RELEASE/\">10.4-RELEASE directory</link>." +msgstr "" +"最新版 <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> , 也就是10.4-RELEASE 請到 <link xlink:" +"href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/10.4-RELEASE/\">10.4-" +"RELEASE 這個目錄</link>。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:613 -msgid "Information about obtaining FreeBSD on CD, DVD, and other media can be found in <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html\">the Handbook</link>." -msgstr "FreeBSD 的 CD、DVD，還有其他取得方式可以在 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/mirrors.html\">the Handbook</link> 中找到解答。" +#: book.translate.xml:614 +msgid "" +"Information about obtaining FreeBSD on CD, DVD, and other media can be found " +"in <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" +"mirrors.html\">the Handbook</link>." +msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 的 CD、DVD，還有其他取得方式可以在 <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/mirrors.html\">the " +"Handbook</link> 中找到解答。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:621 +#: book.translate.xml:622 msgid "How do I access the Problem Report database?" msgstr "我要如何去查詢、提交問題回報(Problem Report，簡稱PR)資料庫呢？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:625 -msgid "The Problem Report database of all user change requests may be queried by using our web-based PR <link xlink:href=\"https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/search/\">query</link> interface." -msgstr "所有使用者的變更要求都可以經由網頁版的 PR <link xlink:href=\"https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/search/\">查詢</link> 界面來察看。" +#: book.translate.xml:626 +msgid "" +"The Problem Report database of all user change requests may be queried by " +"using our web-based PR <link xlink:href=\"https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/search/" +"\">query</link> interface." +msgstr "" +"所有使用者的變更要求都可以經由網頁版的 PR <link xlink:href=\"https://bugs." +"FreeBSD.org/search/\">查詢</link> 界面來察看。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:629 -msgid "The <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/support/bugreports.html\">web-based problem report submission interface</link> can be used to submit problem reports through a web browser." -msgstr "可以使用瀏覽器經由<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/support/bugreports.html\">網頁版的 PR 界面</link> 來傳送問題回報" +#: book.translate.xml:630 +msgid "" +"The <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/support/bugreports.html\">web-based " +"problem report submission interface</link> can be used to submit problem " +"reports through a web browser." +msgstr "" +"可以使用瀏覽器經由<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/support/bugreports." +"html\">網頁版的 PR 界面</link> 來傳送問題回報" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:633 -msgid "Before submitting a problem report, read <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/article.html\">Writing FreeBSD Problem Reports</link>, an article on how to write good problem reports." -msgstr "然而，在您回報問題之前，請先閱讀 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/article.html\">如何撰寫 FreeBSD 的問題回報單</link>，這是一篇告訴你怎樣才能寫出一篇真正有用的問題回報單。" +#: book.translate.xml:634 +msgid "" +"Before submitting a problem report, read <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/article.html" +"\">Writing FreeBSD Problem Reports</link>, an article on how to write good " +"problem reports." +msgstr "" +"然而，在您回報問題之前，請先閱讀 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/article.html\">如何撰寫 FreeBSD 的問" +"題回報單</link>，這是一篇告訴你怎樣才能寫出一篇真正有用的問題回報單。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:642 +#: book.translate.xml:643 msgid "Documentation and Support" msgstr "文件與技術支援" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:647 +#: book.translate.xml:648 msgid "What good books are there about FreeBSD?" msgstr "名稱" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:651 -msgid "The project produces a wide range of documentation, available online from this link: <uri xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html</uri>. In addition, <link linkend=\"bibliography\">the Bibliography</link> at the end of this <acronym>FAQ</acronym>, and <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html\">the one in the Handbook</link> reference other recommended books." -msgstr "FreeBSD 文件計畫已陸續發表了相當廣泛範圍的文件，可在 <uri xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html</uri> 取得。除此之外，也請參閱本篇。問與答最後的 <link linkend=\"bibliography\">書目</link>，以及手冊中的 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html\">書目</link>" +#: book.translate.xml:652 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The project produces a wide range of documentation, available online from " +"this link: <uri xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html\">https://www." +"FreeBSD.org/docs.html</uri>. In addition, the <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html" +"\">the bibliography in the Handbook</link> reference other recommended books." +msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 文件計畫已陸續發表了相當廣泛範圍的文件，可在 <uri xlink:href=" +"\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html</" +"uri> 取得。除此之外，也請參閱本篇。問與答最後的 <link linkend=\"bibliography" +"\">書目</link>，以及手冊中的 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html\">書目</link>" #. (itstool) path: question/para #: book.translate.xml:662 -msgid "Is the documentation available in other formats, such as plain text (ASCII), or <trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark>?" -msgstr "這些文件有其他格式的嗎？像是：純文字(ASCII)或 <trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark> 之類的格式？" +msgid "" +"Is the documentation available in other formats, such as plain text (ASCII), " +"or <trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark>?" +msgstr "" +"這些文件有其他格式的嗎？像是：純文字(ASCII)或 <trademark class=\"registered" +"\">PostScript</trademark> 之類的格式？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:667 -msgid "Yes. The documentation is available in a number of different formats and compression schemes on the FreeBSD FTP site, in the <link xlink:href=\"https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/\">/pub/FreeBSD/doc/</link> directory." -msgstr "有的。這些文件都分別以不同格式儲存以及壓縮處理並放在 FTP 上面，可以從各個 FreeBSD FTP 站的 <link xlink:href=\"https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/\">/pub/FreeBSD/doc/</link> 目錄內找到你要的。" +msgid "" +"Yes. The documentation is available in a number of different formats and " +"compression schemes on the FreeBSD FTP site, in the <link xlink:href=" +"\"https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/\">/pub/FreeBSD/doc/</link> directory." +msgstr "" +"有的。這些文件都分別以不同格式儲存以及壓縮處理並放在 FTP 上面，可以從各個 " +"FreeBSD FTP 站的 <link xlink:href=\"https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/\">/" +"pub/FreeBSD/doc/</link> 目錄內找到你要的。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para #: book.translate.xml:672 -msgid "The documentation is categorized in a number of different ways. These include:" +msgid "" +"The documentation is categorized in a number of different ways. These " +"include:" msgstr "文件以幾種不同的方式分類。包括：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:677 -msgid "The document's name, such as <literal>faq</literal>, or <literal>handbook</literal>." -msgstr "文件名稱，例如：<literal>faq</literal> (常見問答集)或是 <literal>handbook</literal> (FreeBSD 使用手冊)等等。" +msgid "" +"The document's name, such as <literal>faq</literal>, or <literal>handbook</" +"literal>." +msgstr "" +"文件名稱，例如：<literal>faq</literal> (常見問答集)或是 <literal>handbook</" +"literal> (FreeBSD 使用手冊)等等。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:683 -msgid "The document's language and encoding. These are based on the locale names found under <filename>/usr/share/locale</filename> on a FreeBSD system. The current languages and encodings are as follows:" -msgstr "文件的語言與編碼。他們是基於 FreeBSD 系統中 <filename>/usr/share/locale</filename> 裡所見到的語系名稱。目前包含的語言與編碼如下：" +msgid "" +"The document's language and encoding. These are based on the locale names " +"found under <filename>/usr/share/locale</filename> on a FreeBSD system. The " +"current languages and encodings are as follows:" +msgstr "" +"文件的語言與編碼。他們是基於 FreeBSD 系統中 <filename>/usr/share/locale</" +"filename> 裡所見到的語系名稱。目前包含的語言與編碼如下：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:693 @@ -528,7 +1088,7 @@ msgid "Name" msgstr "語系名稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:695 book.translate.xml:851 +#: book.translate.xml:695 book.translate.xml:845 msgid "Meaning" msgstr "說明" @@ -634,33 +1194,35 @@ msgstr "日文 (日本, EUC 編碼)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:761 -msgid "<literal>mn_MN.UTF-8</literal>" +#, fuzzy +msgid "<literal>ko_KR.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>mn_MN.UTF-8</literal>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:763 -msgid "Mongolian (Mongolia, UTF-8 encoding)" +#, fuzzy +msgid "Korean (Korea, UTF-8 encoding)" msgstr "蒙古文 (蒙古, UTF-8 編碼)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:768 -msgid "<literal>nl_NL.ISO8859-1</literal>" -msgstr "<literal>nl_NL.ISO8859-1</literal>" +#: book.translate.xml:767 +msgid "<literal>mn_MN.UTF-8</literal>" +msgstr "<literal>mn_MN.UTF-8</literal>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:770 -msgid "Dutch (Netherlands)" -msgstr "荷蘭文 (荷蘭)" +#: book.translate.xml:769 +msgid "Mongolian (Mongolia, UTF-8 encoding)" +msgstr "蒙古文 (蒙古, UTF-8 編碼)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:774 -msgid "<literal>no_NO.ISO8859-1</literal>" -msgstr "<literal>no_NO.ISO8859-1</literal>" +msgid "<literal>nl_NL.ISO8859-1</literal>" +msgstr "<literal>nl_NL.ISO8859-1</literal>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:776 -msgid "Norwegian (Norway)" -msgstr "Norwegian (Norway)" +msgid "Dutch (Netherlands)" +msgstr "荷蘭文 (荷蘭)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:780 @@ -694,161 +1256,211 @@ msgstr "俄文 (俄羅斯, KOI8-R 編碼)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:798 -msgid "<literal>sr_YU.ISO8859-2</literal>" -msgstr "<literal>sr_YU.ISO8859-2</literal>" - -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:800 -msgid "Serbian (Serbia)" -msgstr "賽爾維亞文 (賽爾維亞)" - -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:804 msgid "<literal>tr_TR.ISO8859-9</literal>" msgstr "<literal>tr_TR.ISO8859-9</literal>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:806 +#: book.translate.xml:800 msgid "Turkish (Turkey)" msgstr "土耳其文 (土耳其)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:810 +#: book.translate.xml:804 msgid "<literal>zh_CN.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>zh_CN.UTF-8</literal>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:812 +#: book.translate.xml:806 msgid "Simplified Chinese (China, UTF-8 encoding)" msgstr "簡體中文 (中國, UTF-8 編碼)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:817 +#: book.translate.xml:811 msgid "<literal>zh_TW.UTF-8</literal>" msgstr "<literal>zh_TW.UTF-8</literal>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:819 +#: book.translate.xml:813 msgid "Traditional Chinese (Taiwan, UTF-8 encoding)" msgstr "正體中文 (台灣, UTF-8 編碼)" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:827 +#: book.translate.xml:821 msgid "Some documents may not be available in all languages." msgstr "上列的各國翻譯語系文件中，並非所有文件都有翻譯。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:833 -msgid "The document's format. We produce the documentation in a number of different output formats. Each format has its own advantages and disadvantages. Some formats are better suited for online reading, while others are meant to be aesthetically pleasing when printed on paper. Having the documentation available in any of these formats ensures that our readers will be able to read the parts they are interested in, either on their monitor, or on paper after printing the documents. The currently available formats are:" -msgstr "文件的格式。我們的每份文件都提供許多不同的格式，每種格式各有利弊， 有些格式適合線上閱讀，有些則適合列印出美觀的文件。 這些不同格式的文件能夠確保我們的讀者們，無論是在螢幕上閱讀或是列印成紙本，都能夠閱讀他們感興趣的內容，目前有提供的格式如下：" +#: book.translate.xml:827 +msgid "" +"The document's format. We produce the documentation in a number of different " +"output formats. Each format has its own advantages and disadvantages. Some " +"formats are better suited for online reading, while others are meant to be " +"aesthetically pleasing when printed on paper. Having the documentation " +"available in any of these formats ensures that our readers will be able to " +"read the parts they are interested in, either on their monitor, or on paper " +"after printing the documents. The currently available formats are:" +msgstr "" +"文件的格式。我們的每份文件都提供許多不同的格式，每種格式各有利弊， 有些格式適" +"合線上閱讀，有些則適合列印出美觀的文件。 這些不同格式的文件能夠確保我們的讀者" +"們，無論是在螢幕上閱讀或是列印成紙本，都能夠閱讀他們感興趣的內容，目前有提供" +"的格式如下：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:849 +#: book.translate.xml:843 msgid "Format" msgstr "格式" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:857 +#: book.translate.xml:851 msgid "<literal>html-split</literal>" msgstr "<literal>html-split</literal>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:859 +#: book.translate.xml:853 msgid "A collection of small, linked, HTML files." msgstr "依章節區分成多個小的、互相連結的 HTML 檔案" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:864 +#: book.translate.xml:858 msgid "<literal>html</literal>" msgstr "<literal>html</literal>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:866 +#: book.translate.xml:860 msgid "One large HTML file containing the entire document" msgstr "所有內容包含在單一個 HTML 檔案" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:871 +#: book.translate.xml:865 msgid "<literal>pdf</literal>" msgstr "<literal>pdf</literal>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:873 +#: book.translate.xml:867 msgid "Adobe's Portable Document Format" msgstr " \tAdobe's PDF 格式" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:877 +#: book.translate.xml:871 msgid "<literal>ps</literal>" msgstr "<literal>ps</literal>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:879 +#: book.translate.xml:873 msgid "<trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark>" msgstr "<trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:883 +#: book.translate.xml:877 msgid "<literal>rtf</literal>" msgstr "<literal>rtf</literal>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:885 -msgid "<trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark>'s Rich Text Format" +#: book.translate.xml:879 +msgid "" +"<trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark>'s Rich Text Format" msgstr "<trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark> 的 RTF 格式" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:889 +#: book.translate.xml:883 msgid "<literal>txt</literal>" msgstr "<literal>txt</literal>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:891 +#: book.translate.xml:885 msgid "Plain text" msgstr " \t純文字" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:898 -msgid "Page numbers are not automatically updated when loading Rich Text Format into Word. Press <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo>, <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>End</keycap></keycombo>, <keycap>F9</keycap> after loading the document, to update the page numbers." -msgstr "當用 Word 讀取 RTF 格式時，頁碼並不會被自動更新。在開啟檔案後按下<keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo>, <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>End</keycap></keycombo>, <keycap>F9</keycap> 來更新頁碼。" +#: book.translate.xml:892 +msgid "" +"Page numbers are not automatically updated when loading Rich Text Format " +"into Word. Press <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>A</" +"keycap></keycombo>, <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</" +"keycap><keycap>End</keycap></keycombo>, <keycap>F9</keycap> after loading " +"the document, to update the page numbers." +msgstr "" +"當用 Word 讀取 RTF 格式時，頁碼並不會被自動更新。在開啟檔案後按下<keycombo " +"action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo>, " +"<keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>End</keycap></" +"keycombo>, <keycap>F9</keycap> 來更新頁碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:907 +#: book.translate.xml:901 msgid "The compression and packaging scheme." msgstr "壓縮和打包方式" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:911 -msgid "Where the format is <literal>html-split</literal>, the files are bundled up using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The resulting <filename>.tar</filename> file is then compressed using the compression schemes detailed in the next point." -msgstr "當採用 <literal>html-split</literal> 格式時，檔案先透過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 工具來進行打包。接著在將產生出來的 <filename>.tar</filename> 檔接透過第二點所述的壓縮方式壓縮。" +#: book.translate.xml:905 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Where the format is <literal>html-split</literal>, the files are bundled up " +"using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>. The resulting <filename>.tar</filename> is then " +"compressed using the compression schemes detailed in the next point." +msgstr "" +"當採用 <literal>html-split</literal> 格式時，檔案先透過 " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> 工具來進行打包。接著在將產生出來的 <filename>.tar</filename> 檔" +"接透過第二點所述的壓縮方式壓縮。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:920 -msgid "All the other formats generate one file. For example, <filename>article.pdf</filename>, <filename>book.html</filename>, and so on." -msgstr "其他的格式都是單一個檔案。例如 <filename>article.pdf</filename>、<filename>book.html</filename> ，以此類推。" +#: book.translate.xml:914 +msgid "" +"All the other formats generate one file. For example, <filename>article.pdf</" +"filename>, <filename>book.html</filename>, and so on." +msgstr "" +"其他的格式都是單一個檔案。例如 <filename>article.pdf</filename>、" +"<filename>book.html</filename> ，以此類推。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:925 -msgid "These files are then compressed using either the <literal>zip</literal> or <literal>bz2</literal> compression schemes. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> can be used to uncompress these files." -msgstr "這些檔案接著透過 <literal>zip</literal> 或 <literal>bz2</literal> 來壓縮。 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 工具可用來解壓縮這些檔案。" +#: book.translate.xml:919 +msgid "" +"These files are then compressed using either the <literal>zip</literal> or " +"<literal>bz2</literal> compression schemes. " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> can be used to uncompress these files." +msgstr "" +"這些檔案接著透過 <literal>zip</literal> 或 <literal>bz2</literal> 來壓" +"縮。 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> 工具可用來解壓縮這些檔案。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:931 -msgid "So the <trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark> version of the Handbook, compressed using <literal>bzip2</literal> will be stored in a file called <filename>book.ps.bz2</filename> in the <filename>handbook/</filename> directory." -msgstr "因此 <trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark> 版本的手冊經過 <literal>bzip2</literal> 壓縮後會存成一個叫做 <filename>book.ps.bz2</filename> 的檔案，並位於 <filename>handbook/</filename> 資料夾。" +#: book.translate.xml:925 +msgid "" +"So the <trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark> version of the " +"Handbook, compressed using <literal>bzip2</literal> will be stored in a file " +"called <filename>book.ps.bz2</filename> in the <filename>handbook/</" +"filename> directory." +msgstr "" +"因此 <trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark> 版本的手冊經過 " +"<literal>bzip2</literal> 壓縮後會存成一個叫做 <filename>book.ps.bz2</" +"filename> 的檔案，並位於 <filename>handbook/</filename> 資料夾。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:941 -msgid "After choosing the format and compression mechanism, download the compressed files, uncompress them, and then copy the appropriate documents into place." -msgstr "在選取格式與壓縮方式後，下載壓縮後的檔案並解壓縮，再把文件複製到想要的地方。" +#: book.translate.xml:935 +msgid "" +"After choosing the format and compression mechanism, download the compressed " +"files, uncompress them, and then copy the appropriate documents into place." +msgstr "" +"在選取格式與壓縮方式後，下載壓縮後的檔案並解壓縮，再把文件複製到想要的地方。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:946 -msgid "For example, the split HTML version of the <acronym>FAQ</acronym>, compressed using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bzip2</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, can be found in <filename>doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html-split.tar.bz2</filename> To download and uncompress that file, type:" -msgstr "舉例來說，透過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bzip2</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 壓縮的英文問與答的章節分割 HTML 版本，可以在 <filename>doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html-split.tar.bz2</filename> 中找到。若要下載並解壓縮這個檔案，請輸入" +#: book.translate.xml:940 +msgid "" +"For example, the split HTML version of the <acronym>FAQ</acronym>, " +"compressed using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bzip2</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, can be found in " +"<filename>doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html-split.tar.bz2</filename> " +"To download and uncompress that file, type:" +msgstr "" +"舉例來說，透過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bzip2</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 壓縮的英文問與答的章節" +"分割 HTML 版本，可以在 <filename>doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html-" +"split.tar.bz2</filename> 中找到。若要下載並解壓縮這個檔案，請輸入" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:952 +#: book.translate.xml:946 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>fetch https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html-split.tar.bz2</userinput>\n" @@ -858,107 +1470,206 @@ msgstr "" "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>tar xvf book.html-split.tar.bz2</userinput>" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:955 -msgid "If the file is compressed, <application>tar</application> will automatically detect the appropriate format and decompress it correctly, resulting in a collection of <filename>.html</filename> files. The main one is called <filename>index.html</filename>, which will contain the table of contents, introductory material, and links to the other parts of the document." -msgstr "如果檔案被壓縮過的話，<application>tar</application> 會自動偵測正確的格式並解壓縮出一堆 <filename>.html</filename> 檔案。主要的檔案是 <filename>index.html</filename>，包含了主目錄跟介紹以及連接到文件其他部份的連結。" +#: book.translate.xml:949 +msgid "" +"If the file is compressed, <application>tar</application> will automatically " +"detect the appropriate format and decompress it correctly, resulting in a " +"collection of <filename>.html</filename> files. The main one is called " +"<filename>index.html</filename>, which will contain the table of contents, " +"introductory material, and links to the other parts of the document." +msgstr "" +"如果檔案被壓縮過的話，<application>tar</application> 會自動偵測正確的格式並解" +"壓縮出一堆 <filename>.html</filename> 檔案。主要的檔案是 <filename>index." +"html</filename>，包含了主目錄跟介紹以及連接到文件其他部份的連結。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:968 -msgid "Where do I find info on the FreeBSD mailing lists? What FreeBSD news groups are available?" -msgstr "哪裡有關於 FreeBSD 的郵遞論壇(mailing lists)呢？ 有哪些可以使用的 FreeBSD 新聞群組(news groups)呢?" +#: book.translate.xml:962 +msgid "" +"Where do I find info on the FreeBSD mailing lists? What FreeBSD news groups " +"are available?" +msgstr "" +"哪裡有關於 FreeBSD 的郵遞論壇(mailing lists)呢？ 有哪些可以使用的 FreeBSD 新" +"聞群組(news groups)呢?" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:973 -msgid "Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/eresources.html#eresources-mail\">Handbook entry on mailing-lists</link> and the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/eresources-news.html\">Handbook entry on newsgroups</link>." -msgstr "請參考FreeBSD 使用手冊上的 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/eresources.html#eresources-mail\"> 郵件論壇 (mailing-lists)</link> 。" +#: book.translate.xml:967 +msgid "" +"Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" +"handbook/eresources.html#eresources-mail\">Handbook entry on mailing-lists</" +"link> and the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" +"handbook/eresources-news.html\">Handbook entry on newsgroups</link>." +msgstr "" +"請參考FreeBSD 使用手冊上的 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/eresources.html#eresources-mail\"> 郵件論壇 " +"(mailing-lists)</link> 。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:981 +#: book.translate.xml:975 msgid "Are there FreeBSD IRC (Internet Relay Chat) channels?" msgstr "有 FreeBSD IRC (Internet Relay Chat)頻道嗎？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:986 +#: book.translate.xml:980 msgid "Yes, most major IRC networks host a FreeBSD chat channel:" msgstr "有的，大部分的 IRC 主機都有 FreeBSD 聊天頻道：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:991 -msgid "Channel <literal>#FreeBSDhelp</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://www.efnet.org/index.php\">EFNet</link> is a channel dedicated to helping FreeBSD users." -msgstr "<link xlink:href=\"http://www.efnet.org/index.php\">EFNet</link> 上的 <literal>#FreeBSDhelp</literal> 頻道專門用來幫助 FreeBSD 使用著" +#: book.translate.xml:985 +msgid "" +"Channel <literal>#FreeBSDhelp</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://www." +"efnet.org/index.php\">EFNet</link> is a channel dedicated to helping FreeBSD " +"users." +msgstr "" +"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.efnet.org/index.php\">EFNet</link> 上的 " +"<literal>#FreeBSDhelp</literal> 頻道專門用來幫助 FreeBSD 使用著" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:996 -msgid "Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://freenode.net/\">Freenode</link> is a general help channel with many users at any time. The conversations have been known to run off-topic for a while, but priority is given to users with FreeBSD questions. Other users can help with the basics, referring to the Handbook whenever possible and providing links for learning more about a particular topic. This is primarily an English speaking channel, though it does have users from all over the world. Non-native English speakers should try to ask the question in English first and then relocate to <literal>##freebsd-lang</literal> as appropriate." -msgstr "<link xlink:href=\"http://freenode.net/\">Freenode</link> 上的 <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> 頻道是一個有許多使用者的一般求助頻道。這個頻道時常聊一些題外話，但主要還是讓使用者問 FreeBSD 相關問題的地方。其他使用者可以協助解答一些基本的問題，並請盡量提供使用手冊的參考或是提供連結來提供更深入的資訊。雖然這個頻道有來自世界各地的使用者，但這是一個英文為主的頻道。非母語人士應該以英文提問，並在必要的時候移駕到 <literal>##freebsd-lang</literal> 頻道。" +#: book.translate.xml:990 +msgid "" +"Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://freenode." +"net/\">Freenode</link> is a general help channel with many users at any " +"time. The conversations have been known to run off-topic for a while, but " +"priority is given to users with FreeBSD questions. Other users can help with " +"the basics, referring to the Handbook whenever possible and providing links " +"for learning more about a particular topic. This is primarily an English " +"speaking channel, though it does have users from all over the world. Non-" +"native English speakers should try to ask the question in English first and " +"then relocate to <literal>##freebsd-lang</literal> as appropriate." +msgstr "" +"<link xlink:href=\"http://freenode.net/\">Freenode</link> 上的 " +"<literal>#FreeBSD</literal> 頻道是一個有許多使用者的一般求助頻道。這個頻道時" +"常聊一些題外話，但主要還是讓使用者問 FreeBSD 相關問題的地方。其他使用者可以協" +"助解答一些基本的問題，並請盡量提供使用手冊的參考或是提供連結來提供更深入的資" +"訊。雖然這個頻道有來自世界各地的使用者，但這是一個英文為主的頻道。非母語人士" +"應該以英文提問，並在必要的時候移駕到 <literal>##freebsd-lang</literal> 頻道。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1012 -msgid "Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://www.dal.net/\">DALNET</link> is available at <systemitem>irc.dal.net</systemitem> in the US and <systemitem>irc.eu.dal.net</systemitem> in Europe." -msgstr "<link xlink:href=\"http://www.dal.net/\">DALNET</link> 的<literal>#FreeBSD</literal> 頻道，可由 <systemitem>irc.dal.net</systemitem> （位於美國）及<systemitem>irc.eu.dal.net</systemitem> （位於歐洲）進入。" +#: book.translate.xml:1006 +msgid "" +"Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://www.dal.net/" +"\">DALNET</link> is available at <systemitem>irc.dal.net</systemitem> in the " +"US and <systemitem>irc.eu.dal.net</systemitem> in Europe." +msgstr "" +"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.dal.net/\">DALNET</link> 的<literal>#FreeBSD</" +"literal> 頻道，可由 <systemitem>irc.dal.net</systemitem> （位於美國）及" +"<systemitem>irc.eu.dal.net</systemitem> （位於歐洲）進入。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1019 -msgid "Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://www.undernet.org/\">UNDERNET</link> is available at <systemitem>us.undernet.org</systemitem> in the US and <systemitem>eu.undernet.org</systemitem> in Europe. Since it is a help channel, be prepared to read the documents you are referred to." -msgstr "<link xlink:href=\"http://www.undernet.org/\">UNDERNET</link> 上的 <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> 頻道可由 <systemitem>us.undernet.org</systemitem>（位於美國）及 <systemitem>eu.undernet.org</systemitem> （位於歐洲）進入。由於這是個輔助新手用的頻道， 請記得閱讀別人向你提及的連結或檔案。" +#: book.translate.xml:1013 +msgid "" +"Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://www." +"undernet.org/\">UNDERNET</link> is available at <systemitem>us.undernet.org</" +"systemitem> in the US and <systemitem>eu.undernet.org</systemitem> in " +"Europe. Since it is a help channel, be prepared to read the documents you " +"are referred to." +msgstr "" +"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.undernet.org/\">UNDERNET</link> 上的 " +"<literal>#FreeBSD</literal> 頻道可由 <systemitem>us.undernet.org</" +"systemitem>（位於美國）及 <systemitem>eu.undernet.org</systemitem> （位於歐" +"洲）進入。由於這是個輔助新手用的頻道， 請記得閱讀別人向你提及的連結或檔案。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1028 -msgid "Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://www.rusnet.org.ru/\">RUSNET</link> is a Russian language channel dedicated to helping FreeBSD users. This is also good place for non-technical discussions." -msgstr "<link xlink:href=\"http://www.rusnet.org.ru/\">RUSNET</link> 上的 <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> 頻道是俄語國家的 FreeBSD 使用者頻道。 這裡同時也是一般交流的討論好去處。" +#: book.translate.xml:1022 +msgid "" +"Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://www.rusnet." +"org.ru/\">RUSNET</link> is a Russian language channel dedicated to helping " +"FreeBSD users. This is also good place for non-technical discussions." +msgstr "" +"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.rusnet.org.ru/\">RUSNET</link> 上的 " +"<literal>#FreeBSD</literal> 頻道是俄語國家的 FreeBSD 使用者頻道。 這裡同時也" +"是一般交流的討論好去處。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1035 -msgid "Channel <literal>#bsdchat</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://freenode.net/\">Freenode</link> is a Traditional Chinese (UTF-8 encoding) language channel dedicated to helping FreeBSD users. This is also good place for non-technical discussions." -msgstr "<link xlink:href=\"http://freenode.net/\">Freenode</link> 上的 <literal>#bsdchat</literal> 頻道是一個正體中文（UTF-8 編碼）頻道專門用來幫助 FreeBSD 使用著。這裡也歡迎一般非技術的交流討論。" +#: book.translate.xml:1029 +msgid "" +"Channel <literal>#bsdchat</literal> on <link xlink:href=\"http://freenode." +"net/\">Freenode</link> is a Traditional Chinese (UTF-8 encoding) language " +"channel dedicated to helping FreeBSD users. This is also good place for non-" +"technical discussions." +msgstr "" +"<link xlink:href=\"http://freenode.net/\">Freenode</link> 上的 " +"<literal>#bsdchat</literal> 頻道是一個正體中文（UTF-8 編碼）頻道專門用來幫助 " +"FreeBSD 使用著。這裡也歡迎一般非技術的交流討論。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1043 -msgid "The FreeBSD wiki has a <link xlink:href=\"http://wiki.freebsd.org/IrcChannels\">good list</link> of IRC channels." -msgstr "FreeBSD 的維基百科有一份 IRC 頻道的 <link xlink:href=\"http://wiki.freebsd.org/IrcChannels\">完整清單</link>。" +#: book.translate.xml:1037 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The FreeBSD wiki has a <link xlink:href=\"https://wiki.freebsd.org/IRC/" +"Channels\">good list</link> of IRC channels." +msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 的維基百科有一份 IRC 頻道的 <link xlink:href=\"http://wiki.freebsd." +"org/IrcChannels\">完整清單</link>。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1046 -msgid "Each of these channels are distinct and are not connected to each other. Since their chat styles differ, try each to find one suited to your chat style." -msgstr "每個頻道都是不同且互相獨立的。因為他們的聊天風格不同，您可以每個都試試看來找到適合您的頻道。" +#: book.translate.xml:1040 +msgid "" +"Each of these channels are distinct and are not connected to each other. " +"Since their chat styles differ, try each to find one suited to your chat " +"style." +msgstr "" +"每個頻道都是不同且互相獨立的。因為他們的聊天風格不同，您可以每個都試試看來找" +"到適合您的頻道。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1055 +#: book.translate.xml:1049 msgid "Are there any web based forums to discuss FreeBSD?" msgstr "有沒有任何網頁形式的 FreeBSD 論壇呢？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1058 -msgid "The official FreeBSD forums are located at <link xlink:href=\"https://forums.FreeBSD.org/\">https://forums.FreeBSD.org/</link>." -msgstr "官方的 FreeBSD 論壇位於 <link xlink:href=\"https://forums.FreeBSD.org/\">https://forums.FreeBSD.org/</link>。" +#: book.translate.xml:1052 +msgid "" +"The official FreeBSD forums are located at <link xlink:href=\"https://forums." +"FreeBSD.org/\">https://forums.FreeBSD.org/</link>." +msgstr "" +"官方的 FreeBSD 論壇位於 <link xlink:href=\"https://forums.FreeBSD.org/" +"\">https://forums.FreeBSD.org/</link>。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1064 +#: book.translate.xml:1058 msgid "Where can I get commercial FreeBSD training and support?" msgstr "可以從哪邊獲得商業化的 FreeBSD 的教育課程及技術支援呢？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1069 -msgid "<link xlink:href=\"http://www.ixsystems.com\">iXsystems, Inc.</link>, parent company of the <link xlink:href=\"http://www.freebsdmall.com/\">FreeBSD Mall</link>, provides commercial FreeBSD and TrueOS software <link xlink:href=\"http://www.ixsystems.com/support\">support</link>, in addition to FreeBSD development and tuning solutions." -msgstr "<link xlink:href=\"http://www.ixsystems.com\">iXsystems, Inc.</link>， <link xlink:href=\"http://www.freebsdmall.com/\">FreeBSD 商城</link>的母公司，提供 FreeBSD 開發與調校解決方案與 FreeBSD 與 TrueOS 的軟體 <link xlink:href=\"http://www.ixsystems.com/support\">支援</link>。" +#: book.translate.xml:1063 +msgid "" +"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.ixsystems.com\">iXsystems, Inc.</link>, parent " +"company of the <link xlink:href=\"http://www.freebsdmall.com/\">FreeBSD " +"Mall</link>, provides commercial FreeBSD and TrueOS software <link xlink:" +"href=\"http://www.ixsystems.com/support\">support</link>, in addition to " +"FreeBSD development and tuning solutions." +msgstr "" +"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.ixsystems.com\">iXsystems, Inc.</link>， <link " +"xlink:href=\"http://www.freebsdmall.com/\">FreeBSD 商城</link>的母公司，提供 " +"FreeBSD 開發與調校解決方案與 FreeBSD 與 TrueOS 的軟體 <link xlink:href=" +"\"http://www.ixsystems.com/support\">支援</link>。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1076 -msgid "BSD Certification Group, Inc. provides system administration certifications for DragonFly BSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD. Refer to <link xlink:href=\"http://www.BSDCertification.org\">their site</link> for more information." -msgstr "BSD Certification Group, Inc. 提供 DragonFly BSD、FreeBSD、NetBSD 與 OpenBSD 的系統管理認證。請參閱 <link xlink:href=\"http://www.BSDCertification.org\">他們的網站</link> 來獲得更多資訊。" +#: book.translate.xml:1070 +msgid "" +"BSD Certification Group, Inc. provides system administration certifications " +"for DragonFly BSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD. Refer to <link xlink:href=" +"\"http://www.BSDCertification.org\">their site</link> for more information." +msgstr "" +"BSD Certification Group, Inc. 提供 DragonFly BSD、FreeBSD、NetBSD 與 OpenBSD " +"的系統管理認證。請參閱 <link xlink:href=\"http://www.BSDCertification.org\">" +"他們的網站</link> 來獲得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1081 -msgid "Any other organizations providing training and support should contact the Project to be listed here." -msgstr "如果有其他組織提供技術訓練或技術支援，請聯絡 FreeBSD 計畫來加入以上清單。" +#: book.translate.xml:1075 +msgid "" +"Any other organizations providing training and support should contact the " +"Project to be listed here." +msgstr "" +"如果有其他組織提供技術訓練或技術支援，請聯絡 FreeBSD 計畫來加入以上清單。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:1090 +#: book.translate.xml:1084 msgid "Installation" msgstr "安裝" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:1098 +#: book.translate.xml:1092 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -970,486 +1681,690 @@ msgstr "" "\t " #. (itstool) path: info/author -#: book.translate.xml:1092 -msgid "<personname> <firstname>Nik</firstname> <surname>Clayton</surname> </personname> <affiliation> <_:address-1/> </affiliation>" +#: book.translate.xml:1086 +msgid "" +"<personname> <firstname>Nik</firstname> <surname>Clayton</surname> </" +"personname> <affiliation> <_:address-1/> </affiliation>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1109 -msgid "Which platform should I download? I have a 64 bit capable <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> CPU, but I only see <literal>amd64</literal>." +#: book.translate.xml:1103 +msgid "" +"Which platform should I download? I have a 64 bit capable <trademark class=" +"\"registered\">Intel</trademark> CPU, but I only see <literal>amd64</" +"literal>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1115 -msgid "amd64 is the term FreeBSD uses for 64-bit compatible x86 architectures (also known as \"x86-64\" or \"x64\"). Most modern computers should use amd64. Older hardware should use i386. When installing on a non-x86-compatible architecture, select the platform which best matches the hardware." +#: book.translate.xml:1109 +msgid "" +"amd64 is the term FreeBSD uses for 64-bit compatible x86 architectures (also " +"known as \"x86-64\" or \"x64\"). Most modern computers should use amd64. " +"Older hardware should use i386. When installing on a non-x86-compatible " +"architecture, select the platform which best matches the hardware." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1126 +#: book.translate.xml:1120 msgid "Which file do I download to get FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1130 -msgid "On the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/where.html\">Getting FreeBSD</link> page, select <literal>[iso]</literal> next to the architecture that matches the hardware." +#: book.translate.xml:1124 +msgid "" +"On the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/where.html\">Getting " +"FreeBSD</link> page, select <literal>[iso]</literal> next to the " +"architecture that matches the hardware." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1134 +#: book.translate.xml:1128 msgid "Any of the following can be used:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:1140 +#: book.translate.xml:1134 msgid "file" msgstr "檔案" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:1141 +#: book.translate.xml:1135 msgid "description" msgstr "描述" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:1147 +#: book.translate.xml:1141 msgid "<filename>disc1.iso</filename>" msgstr "<filename>disc1.iso</filename>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:1148 +#: book.translate.xml:1142 msgid "Contains enough to install FreeBSD and a minimal set of packages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:1153 +#: book.translate.xml:1147 msgid "<filename>dvd1.iso</filename>" msgstr "<filename>dvd1.iso</filename>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:1154 +#: book.translate.xml:1148 msgid "Similar to <filename>disc1.iso</filename> but with additional packages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:1159 +#: book.translate.xml:1153 msgid "<filename>memstick.img</filename>" msgstr "<filename>memstick.img</filename>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:1160 +#: book.translate.xml:1154 msgid "A bootable image sufficient for writing to a USB stick." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:1165 +#: book.translate.xml:1159 msgid "<filename>bootonly.iso</filename>" msgstr "<filename>bootonly.iso</filename>" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:1166 -msgid "A minimal image that requires network access during installation to completely install FreeBSD." +#: book.translate.xml:1160 +msgid "" +"A minimal image that requires network access during installation to " +"completely install FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1174 -msgid "Full instructions on this procedure and a little bit more about installation issues in general can be found in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall.html\">Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:1168 +msgid "" +"Full instructions on this procedure and a little bit more about installation " +"issues in general can be found in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" +"doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall.html\">Handbook entry on " +"installing FreeBSD</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1183 +#: book.translate.xml:1177 msgid "What do I do if the install image does not boot?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1188 -msgid "This can be caused by not downloading the image in <emphasis>binary</emphasis> mode when using <acronym>FTP</acronym>." +#: book.translate.xml:1182 +msgid "" +"This can be caused by not downloading the image in <emphasis>binary</" +"emphasis> mode when using <acronym>FTP</acronym>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1192 -msgid "Some FTP clients default their transfer mode to <emphasis>ascii</emphasis> and attempt to change any end-of-line characters received to match the conventions used by the client's system. This will almost invariably corrupt the boot image. Check the SHA-256 checksum of the downloaded boot image: if it is not <emphasis>exactly</emphasis> that on the server, then the download process is suspect." +#: book.translate.xml:1186 +msgid "" +"Some FTP clients default their transfer mode to <emphasis>ascii</emphasis> " +"and attempt to change any end-of-line characters received to match the " +"conventions used by the client's system. This will almost invariably corrupt " +"the boot image. Check the SHA-256 checksum of the downloaded boot image: if " +"it is not <emphasis>exactly</emphasis> that on the server, then the download " +"process is suspect." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1201 -msgid "When using a command line FTP client, type <emphasis>binary</emphasis> at the FTP command prompt after getting connected to the server and before starting the download of the image." +#: book.translate.xml:1195 +msgid "" +"When using a command line FTP client, type <emphasis>binary</emphasis> at " +"the FTP command prompt after getting connected to the server and before " +"starting the download of the image." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1210 +#: book.translate.xml:1204 msgid "Where are the instructions for installing FreeBSD?" msgstr "可以在哪邊找到安裝 FreeBSD 的解說步驟呢？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1214 -msgid "Installation instructions can be found at <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall.html\">Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:1208 +msgid "" +"Installation instructions can be found at <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall.html" +"\">Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1222 +#: book.translate.xml:1216 msgid "What are the minimum requirements to run FreeBSD?" msgstr "要跑 FreeBSD 至少需要什麼樣的配備呢？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1226 -msgid "FreeBSD requires a 486 or better PC, 64 MB or more of RAM, and at least 1.1 GB of hard disk space." +#: book.translate.xml:1220 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD requires a 486 or better PC, 64 MB or more of RAM, and at least 1.1 " +"GB of hard disk space." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1234 +#: book.translate.xml:1228 msgid "How can I make my own custom release or install disk?" msgstr "要怎樣才能自行打造專用的安裝磁片呢？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1239 -msgid "Customized FreeBSD installation media can be created by building a custom release. Follow the instructions in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/article.html\">Release Engineering</link> article." +#: book.translate.xml:1233 +msgid "" +"Customized FreeBSD installation media can be created by building a custom " +"release. Follow the instructions in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" +"doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/article.html\">Release Engineering</" +"link> article." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1248 -msgid "Can <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> co-exist with FreeBSD?" -msgstr "<trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> 可以與 FreeBSD 共存嗎？" +#: book.translate.xml:1242 +msgid "" +"Can <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> co-exist with " +"FreeBSD?" +msgstr "" +"<trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> 可以與 FreeBSD 共存嗎？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1252 -msgid "If <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> is installed first, then yes. FreeBSD's boot manager will then manage to boot <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> and FreeBSD. If <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> is installed afterwards, it will overwrite the boot manager. If that happens, see the next section." +#: book.translate.xml:1246 +msgid "" +"If <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> is installed first, " +"then yes. FreeBSD's boot manager will then manage to boot <trademark class=" +"\"registered\">Windows</trademark> and FreeBSD. If <trademark class=" +"\"registered\">Windows</trademark> is installed afterwards, it will " +"overwrite the boot manager. If that happens, see the next section." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1262 -msgid "Another operating system destroyed my Boot Manager. How do I get it back?" +#: book.translate.xml:1256 +msgid "" +"Another operating system destroyed my Boot Manager. How do I get it back?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1267 -msgid "This depends upon the boot manager. The FreeBSD boot selection menu can be reinstalled using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>boot0cfg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For example, to restore the boot menu onto the disk <replaceable>ada0</replaceable>:" +#: book.translate.xml:1261 +msgid "" +"This depends upon the boot manager. The FreeBSD boot selection menu can be " +"reinstalled using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>boot0cfg</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For example, to " +"restore the boot menu onto the disk <replaceable>ada0</replaceable>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:1272 +#: book.translate.xml:1266 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>boot0cfg -B ada0</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1274 -msgid "The non-interactive MBR bootloader can be installed using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>:" +#: book.translate.xml:1268 +msgid "" +"The non-interactive MBR bootloader can be installed using " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:1277 +#: book.translate.xml:1271 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>gpart bootcode -b /boot/mbr ada0</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1279 -msgid "For more complex situations, including GPT disks, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1286 -msgid "I booted from a CD, but the install program says no CD-ROM is found. Where did it go?" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1291 -msgid "The usual cause of this problem is a mis-configured CD-ROM drive. Many PCs now ship with the CD-ROM as the slave device on the secondary IDE controller, with no master device on that controller. This is illegal according to the ATAPI specification, but <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> plays fast and loose with the specification, and the BIOS ignores it when booting. This is why the BIOS was able to see the CD-ROM to boot from it, but why FreeBSD cannot see it to complete the install." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1301 -msgid "Reconfigure the system so that the CD-ROM is either the master device on the IDE controller it is attached to, or make sure that it is the slave on an IDE controller that also has a master device." +#: book.translate.xml:1273 +msgid "" +"For more complex situations, including GPT disks, see " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1310 +#: book.translate.xml:1280 msgid "Do I need to install the source?" msgstr "我需要安裝完整的原始碼嗎？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1314 -msgid "In general, no. There is nothing in the base system which requires the presence of the source to operate. Some ports, like <package>sysutils/lsof</package>, will not build unless the source is installed. In particular, if the port builds a kernel module or directly operates on kernel structures, the source must be installed." +#: book.translate.xml:1284 +msgid "" +"In general, no. There is nothing in the base system which requires the " +"presence of the source to operate. Some ports, like <package>sysutils/lsof</" +"package>, will not build unless the source is installed. In particular, if " +"the port builds a kernel module or directly operates on kernel structures, " +"the source must be installed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1325 +#: book.translate.xml:1295 msgid "Do I need to build a kernel?" msgstr "需要重新 build kernel 嗎？" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1329 -msgid "Usually not. The supplied <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel contains the drivers an ordinary computer will need. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>freebsd-update</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, the FreeBSD binary upgrade tool, cannot upgrade custom kernels, another reason to stick with the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel when possible. For computers with very limited RAM, such as embedded systems, it may be worthwhile to build a smaller custom kernel containing just the required drivers." +#: book.translate.xml:1299 +msgid "" +"Usually not. The supplied <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel contains the " +"drivers an ordinary computer will need. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>freebsd-" +"update</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, the FreeBSD " +"binary upgrade tool, cannot upgrade custom kernels, another reason to stick " +"with the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel when possible. For computers with " +"very limited RAM, such as embedded systems, it may be worthwhile to build a " +"smaller custom kernel containing just the required drivers." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1342 -msgid "Should I use DES, Blowfish, or MD5 passwords and how do I specify which form my users receive?" +#: book.translate.xml:1312 +msgid "" +"Should I use DES, Blowfish, or MD5 passwords and how do I specify which form " +"my users receive?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1347 -msgid "FreeBSD 9 and later use <emphasis>SHA512</emphasis> by default. DES passwords are still available for backwards compatibility with legacy operating systems which still use the less secure password format. FreeBSD also supports the Blowfish and MD5 password formats. Which password format to use for new passwords is controlled by the <literal>passwd_format</literal> login capability in <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>, which takes values of <literal>des</literal>, <literal>blf</literal> (if these are available) or <literal>md5</literal>. See the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for more information about login capabilities." +#: book.translate.xml:1317 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD uses <emphasis>SHA512</emphasis> by default. DES passwords are still " +"available for backwards compatibility with operating systems that still use " +"the less secure password format. FreeBSD also supports the Blowfish and MD5 " +"password formats. Which password format to use for new passwords is " +"controlled by the <literal>passwd_format</literal> login capability in " +"<filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>, which takes values of <literal>des</" +"literal>, <literal>blf</literal> (if these are available) or <literal>md5</" +"literal>. See the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.conf</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for more " +"information about login capabilities." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1366 +#: book.translate.xml:1336 msgid "What are the limits for FFS file systems?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1370 -msgid "For FFS file systems, the largest file system is practically limited by the amount of memory required to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> the file system. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> requires one bit per fragment, which with the default fragment size of 4 KB equates to 32 MB of memory per TB of disk. This does mean that on architectures which limit userland processes to 2 GB (e.g., <trademark>i386</trademark>), the maximum <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>'able filesystem is ~60 TB." +#: book.translate.xml:1340 +msgid "" +"For FFS file systems, the largest file system is practically limited by the " +"amount of memory required to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> the file system. " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> requires one bit per fragment, which with the default fragment " +"size of 4 KB equates to 32 MB of memory per TB of disk. This does mean that " +"on architectures which limit userland processes to 2 GB (e.g., " +"<trademark>i386</trademark>), the maximum <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>'able filesystem is " +"~60 TB." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1379 -msgid "If there was not a <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> memory limit the maximum filesystem size would be 2 ^ 64 (blocks) * 32 KB => 16 Exa * 32 KB => 512 ZettaBytes." +#: book.translate.xml:1349 +msgid "" +"If there was not a <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> memory limit the " +"maximum filesystem size would be 2 ^ 64 (blocks) * 32 KB => 16 Exa * " +"32 KB => 512 ZettaBytes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1384 -msgid "The maximum size of a single FFS file is approximately 2 PB with the default block size of 32 KB. Each 32 KB block can point to 4096 blocks. With triple indirect blocks, the calculation is 32 KB * 12 + 32 KB * 4096 + 32 KB * 4096^2 + 32 KB * 4096^3. Increasing the block size to 64 KB will increase the max file size by a factor of 16." +#: book.translate.xml:1354 +msgid "" +"The maximum size of a single FFS file is approximately 2 PB with the default " +"block size of 32 KB. Each 32 KB block can point to 4096 blocks. With triple " +"indirect blocks, the calculation is 32 KB * 12 + 32 KB * 4096 + 32 KB * " +"4096^2 + 32 KB * 4096^3. Increasing the block size to 64 KB will increase " +"the max file size by a factor of 16." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1396 -msgid "Why do I get an error message, <errorname>readin failed</errorname> after compiling and booting a new kernel?" +#: book.translate.xml:1366 +msgid "" +"Why do I get an error message, <errorname>readin failed</errorname> after " +"compiling and booting a new kernel?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1402 -msgid "The world and kernel are out of sync. This is not supported. Be sure to use <command>make buildworld</command> and <command>make buildkernel</command> to update the kernel." +#: book.translate.xml:1372 +msgid "" +"The world and kernel are out of sync. This is not supported. Be sure to use " +"<command>make buildworld</command> and <command>make buildkernel</command> " +"to update the kernel." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1407 -msgid "Boot the system by specifying the kernel directly at the second stage, pressing any key when the <literal>|</literal> shows up before loader is started." +#: book.translate.xml:1377 +msgid "" +"Boot the system by specifying the kernel directly at the second stage, " +"pressing any key when the <literal>|</literal> shows up before loader is " +"started." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1416 +#: book.translate.xml:1386 msgid "Is there a tool to perform post-installation configuration tasks?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1421 -msgid "Yes. <application>bsdconfig</application> provides a nice interface to configure FreeBSD post-installation." +#: book.translate.xml:1391 +msgid "" +"Yes. <application>bsdconfig</application> provides a nice interface to " +"configure FreeBSD post-installation." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:1429 +#: book.translate.xml:1399 msgid "Hardware Compatibility" msgstr "硬體相容性" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:1432 +#: book.translate.xml:1402 msgid "General" msgstr "一般問題" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1437 -msgid "I want to get a piece of hardware for my FreeBSD system. Which model/brand/type is best?" +#: book.translate.xml:1407 +msgid "" +"I want to get a piece of hardware for my FreeBSD system. Which model/brand/" +"type is best?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1442 -msgid "This is discussed continually on the FreeBSD mailing lists but is to be expected since hardware changes so quickly. Read through the Hardware Notes for FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/11.1R/hardware.html\">11.1</link> or <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.4R/hardware.html\">10.4</link> and search the mailing list <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/search/#mailinglists\">archives</link> before asking about the latest and greatest hardware. Chances are a discussion about that type of hardware took place just last week." +#: book.translate.xml:1412 +msgid "" +"This is discussed continually on the FreeBSD mailing lists but is to be " +"expected since hardware changes so quickly. Read through the Hardware Notes " +"for FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/11.2R/" +"hardware.html\">11.2</link> or <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/" +"releases/10.4R/hardware.html\">10.4</link> and search the mailing list <link " +"xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/search/#mailinglists\">archives</link> " +"before asking about the latest and greatest hardware. Chances are a " +"discussion about that type of hardware took place just last week." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1452 -msgid "Before purchasing a laptop, check the archives for <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-mobile\">FreeBSD laptop computer mailing list</link> and <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions\">FreeBSD general questions mailing list</link>, or possibly a specific mailing list for a particular hardware type." +#: book.translate.xml:1422 +msgid "" +"Before purchasing a laptop, check the archives for <link xlink:href=\"http://" +"lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-mobile\">FreeBSD laptop computer " +"mailing list</link> and <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/" +"listinfo/freebsd-questions\">FreeBSD general questions mailing list</link>, " +"or possibly a specific mailing list for a particular hardware type." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1460 -msgid "What are the limits for memory? Does FreeBSD support more than 4 GB of memory (RAM)? More than 16 GB? More than 48 GB?" +#: book.translate.xml:1430 +msgid "" +"What are the limits for memory? Does FreeBSD support more than 4 GB of " +"memory (RAM)? More than 16 GB? More than 48 GB?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1467 -msgid "FreeBSD as an operating system generally supports as much physical memory (RAM) as the platform it is running on does. Keep in mind that different platforms have different limits for memory; for example <trademark>i386</trademark> without <acronym>PAE</acronym> supports at most 4 GB of memory (and usually less than that because of PCI address space) and <trademark>i386</trademark> with PAE supports at most 64 GB memory. As of FreeBSD 10, AMD64 platforms support up to 4 TB of physical memory." +#: book.translate.xml:1437 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD as an operating system generally supports as much physical memory " +"(RAM) as the platform it is running on does. Keep in mind that different " +"platforms have different limits for memory; for example <trademark>i386</" +"trademark> without <acronym>PAE</acronym> supports at most 4 GB of memory " +"(and usually less than that because of PCI address space) and " +"<trademark>i386</trademark> with PAE supports at most 64 GB memory. As of " +"FreeBSD 10, AMD64 platforms support up to 4 TB of physical memory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1482 -msgid "Why does FreeBSD report less than 4 GB memory when installed on an <trademark>i386</trademark> machine?" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1487 -msgid "The total address space on <trademark>i386</trademark> machines is 32-bit, meaning that at most 4 GB of memory is addressable (can be accessed). Furthermore, some addresses in this range are reserved by hardware for different purposes, for example for using and controlling PCI devices, for accessing video memory, and so on. Therefore, the total amount of memory usable by the operating system for its kernel and applications is limited to significantly less than 4 GB. Usually, 3.2 GB to 3.7 GB is the maximum usable physical memory in this configuration." +#: book.translate.xml:1452 +msgid "" +"Why does FreeBSD report less than 4 GB memory when installed on an " +"<trademark>i386</trademark> machine?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1499 -msgid "To access more than 3.2 GB to 3.7 GB of installed memory (meaning up to 4 GB but also more than 4 GB), a special tweak called <acronym>PAE</acronym> must be used. PAE stands for Physical Address Extension and is a way for 32-bit x86 CPUs to address more than 4 GB of memory. It remaps the memory that would otherwise be overlaid by address reservations for hardware devices above the 4 GB range and uses it as additional physical memory (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pae</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>). Using PAE has some drawbacks; this mode of memory access is a little bit slower than the normal (without PAE) mode and loadable modules (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kld</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>) are not supported. This means all drivers must be compiled into the kernel." +#: book.translate.xml:1457 +msgid "" +"The total address space on <trademark>i386</trademark> machines is 32-bit, " +"meaning that at most 4 GB of memory is addressable (can be accessed). " +"Furthermore, some addresses in this range are reserved by hardware for " +"different purposes, for example for using and controlling PCI devices, for " +"accessing video memory, and so on. Therefore, the total amount of memory " +"usable by the operating system for its kernel and applications is limited to " +"significantly less than 4 GB. Usually, 3.2 GB to 3.7 GB is the maximum " +"usable physical memory in this configuration." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1514 -msgid "The most common way to enable PAE is to build a new kernel with the special ready-provided kernel configuration file called <filename>PAE</filename>, which is already configured to build a safe kernel. Note that some entries in this kernel configuration file are too conservative and some drivers marked as unready to be used with PAE are actually usable. A rule of thumb is that if the driver is usable on 64-bit architectures (like AMD64), it is also usable with PAE. When creating a custom kernel configuration file, PAE can be enabled by adding the following line:" +#: book.translate.xml:1469 +msgid "" +"To access more than 3.2 GB to 3.7 GB of installed memory (meaning up to 4 GB " +"but also more than 4 GB), a special tweak called <acronym>PAE</acronym> must " +"be used. PAE stands for Physical Address Extension and is a way for 32-bit " +"x86 CPUs to address more than 4 GB of memory. It remaps the memory that " +"would otherwise be overlaid by address reservations for hardware devices " +"above the 4 GB range and uses it as additional physical memory (see " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pae</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>). Using PAE has some drawbacks; this mode of memory access is " +"a little bit slower than the normal (without PAE) mode and loadable modules " +"(see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kld</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>) are not supported. This means all drivers must be " +"compiled into the kernel." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:1484 +msgid "" +"The most common way to enable PAE is to build a new kernel with the special " +"ready-provided kernel configuration file called <filename>PAE</filename>, " +"which is already configured to build a safe kernel. Note that some entries " +"in this kernel configuration file are too conservative and some drivers " +"marked as unready to be used with PAE are actually usable. A rule of thumb " +"is that if the driver is usable on 64-bit architectures (like AMD64), it is " +"also usable with PAE. When creating a custom kernel configuration file, PAE " +"can be enabled by adding the following line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:1527 +#: book.translate.xml:1497 #, no-wrap msgid "options PAE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1529 -msgid "PAE is not much used nowadays because most new x86 hardware also supports running in 64-bit mode, known as AMD64 or <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> 64. It has a much larger address space and does not need such tweaks. FreeBSD supports AMD64 and it is recommended that this version of FreeBSD be used instead of the <trademark>i386</trademark> version if 4 GB or more memory is required." +#: book.translate.xml:1499 +msgid "" +"PAE is not much used nowadays because most new x86 hardware also supports " +"running in 64-bit mode, known as AMD64 or <trademark class=\"registered" +"\">Intel</trademark> 64. It has a much larger address space and does not " +"need such tweaks. FreeBSD supports AMD64 and it is recommended that this " +"version of FreeBSD be used instead of the <trademark>i386</trademark> " +"version if 4 GB or more memory is required." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:1542 +#: book.translate.xml:1512 msgid "Architectures and Processors" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1547 +#: book.translate.xml:1517 msgid "Does FreeBSD support architectures other than the x86?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1552 -msgid "Yes. FreeBSD divides support into multiple tiers. Tier 1 architectures, such as i386 or amd64; are fully supported. Tiers 2 and 3 are supported on a best-effort basis. A full explanation of the tier system is available in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide/archs.html\">Committer's Guide.</link>" +#: book.translate.xml:1522 +msgid "" +"Yes. FreeBSD divides support into multiple tiers. Tier 1 architectures, such " +"as i386 or amd64; are fully supported. Tiers 2 and 3 are supported on a best-" +"effort basis. A full explanation of the tier system is available in the " +"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-" +"guide/archs.html\">Committer's Guide.</link>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1559 -msgid "A complete list of supported architectures can be found on the <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/\">platforms page.</link>" +#: book.translate.xml:1529 +msgid "" +"A complete list of supported architectures can be found on the <link xlink:" +"href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/\">platforms page.</link>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1567 +#: book.translate.xml:1537 msgid "Does FreeBSD support Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1572 -msgid "FreeBSD supports symmetric multi-processor (SMP) on all non-embedded platforms (e.g, i386, amd64, etc.). SMP is also supported in arm and MIPS kernels, although some CPUs may not support this. FreeBSD's SMP implementation uses fine-grained locking, and performance scales nearly linearly with number of CPUs." +#: book.translate.xml:1542 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD supports symmetric multi-processor (SMP) on all non-embedded " +"platforms (e.g, i386, amd64, etc.). SMP is also supported in arm and MIPS " +"kernels, although some CPUs may not support this. FreeBSD's SMP " +"implementation uses fine-grained locking, and performance scales nearly " +"linearly with number of CPUs." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1580 -msgid "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>smp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> has more details." +#: book.translate.xml:1550 +msgid "" +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>smp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> has more details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1586 -msgid "What is microcode? How do I install <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> CPU microcode updates?" +#: book.translate.xml:1556 +msgid "" +"What is microcode? How do I install <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</" +"trademark> CPU microcode updates?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1591 -msgid "Microcode is a method of programmatically implementing hardware level instructions. This allows for CPU bugs to be fixed without replacing the on board chip." +#: book.translate.xml:1561 +msgid "" +"Microcode is a method of programmatically implementing hardware level " +"instructions. This allows for CPU bugs to be fixed without replacing the on " +"board chip." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1596 +#: book.translate.xml:1566 msgid "Install <package>sysutils/devcpu-data</package>, then add:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:1599 +#: book.translate.xml:1569 #, no-wrap msgid "microcode_update_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1601 +#: book.translate.xml:1571 msgid "to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:1608 +#: book.translate.xml:1578 msgid "Hard Drives, Tape Drives, and CD and DVD Drives" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1613 +#: book.translate.xml:1583 msgid "What kind of hard drives does FreeBSD support?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1617 -msgid "FreeBSD supports EIDE, SATA, SCSI, and SAS drives (with a compatible controller; see the next section), and all drives using the original <quote>Western Digital</quote> interface (MFM, RLL, ESDI, and of course IDE). A few ESDI controllers that use proprietary interfaces may not work: stick to WD1002/3/6/7 interfaces and clones." +#: book.translate.xml:1587 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD supports EIDE, SATA, SCSI, and SAS drives (with a compatible " +"controller; see the next section), and all drives using the original " +"<quote>Western Digital</quote> interface (MFM, RLL, ESDI, and of course " +"IDE). A few ESDI controllers that use proprietary interfaces may not work: " +"stick to WD1002/3/6/7 interfaces and clones." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1629 +#: book.translate.xml:1599 msgid "Which SCSI or SAS controllers are supported?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1633 -msgid "See the complete list in the Hardware Notes for FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/11.1R/hardware.html\">11.1</link> or <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.4R/hardware.html\">10.4</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:1603 +msgid "" +"See the complete list in the Hardware Notes for FreeBSD <link xlink:href=" +"\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/11.2R/hardware.html\">11.2</link> or " +"<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.4R/hardware.html" +"\">10.4</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1641 +#: book.translate.xml:1611 msgid "What types of tape drives are supported?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1645 +#: book.translate.xml:1615 msgid "FreeBSD supports all standard SCSI tape interfaces." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1652 +#: book.translate.xml:1622 msgid "Does FreeBSD support tape changers?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1656 -msgid "FreeBSD supports SCSI changers using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> device and the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> command. The details of how to control the changer can be found in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:1626 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD supports SCSI changers using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ch</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> device and the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> command. The details of how to control the changer can be " +"found in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1661 -msgid "While <application>AMANDA</application> and some other products already understands changers, other applications only know how to move a tape from one point to another. In this case, keep track of which slot a tape is in and which slot the tape currently in the drive needs to go back to." +#: book.translate.xml:1631 +msgid "" +"While <application>AMANDA</application> and some other products already " +"understands changers, other applications only know how to move a tape from " +"one point to another. In this case, keep track of which slot a tape is in " +"and which slot the tape currently in the drive needs to go back to." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1673 +#: book.translate.xml:1643 msgid "Which CD-ROM and CD-RW drives are supported by FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1678 -msgid "Any SCSI drive connected to a supported controller is supported. Most ATAPI compatible IDE CD-ROMs are supported." +#: book.translate.xml:1648 +msgid "" +"Any SCSI drive connected to a supported controller is supported. Most ATAPI " +"compatible IDE CD-ROMs are supported." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1682 +#: book.translate.xml:1652 msgid "FreeBSD supports any ATAPI-compatible IDE CD-R or CD-RW drive." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1685 -msgid "FreeBSD also supports any SCSI CD-R or CD-RW drives. Install the <package>sysutils/cdrtools</package> port or package, then use <command>cdrecord</command>." +#: book.translate.xml:1655 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD also supports any SCSI CD-R or CD-RW drives. Install the " +"<package>sysutils/cdrtools</package> port or package, then use " +"<command>cdrecord</command>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:1694 +#: book.translate.xml:1664 msgid "Keyboards and Mice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1699 +#: book.translate.xml:1669 msgid "Is it possible to use a mouse outside the X Window system?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1704 -msgid "The default console driver, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, provides the ability to use a mouse pointer in text consoles to cut & paste text. Run the mouse daemon, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and turn on the mouse pointer in the virtual console:" +#: book.translate.xml:1674 +msgid "" +"The default console driver, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, provides the ability " +"to use a mouse pointer in text consoles to cut & paste text. Run the " +"mouse daemon, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and turn on the mouse " +"pointer in the virtual console:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:1710 +#: book.translate.xml:1680 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>moused -p /dev/xxxx -t yyyy</userinput>\n" @@ -1457,62 +2372,101 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1713 -msgid "Where <replaceable>xxxx</replaceable> is the mouse device name and <replaceable>yyyy</replaceable> is a protocol type for the mouse. The mouse daemon can automatically determine the protocol type of most mice, except old serial mice. Specify the <literal>auto</literal> protocol to invoke automatic detection. If automatic detection does not work, see the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for a list of supported protocol types." +#: book.translate.xml:1683 +msgid "" +"Where <replaceable>xxxx</replaceable> is the mouse device name and " +"<replaceable>yyyy</replaceable> is a protocol type for the mouse. The mouse " +"daemon can automatically determine the protocol type of most mice, except " +"old serial mice. Specify the <literal>auto</literal> protocol to invoke " +"automatic detection. If automatic detection does not work, see the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> manual page for a list of supported protocol types." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1723 -msgid "For a PS/2 mouse, add <literal>moused_enable=\"YES\"</literal> to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> to start the mouse daemon at boot time. Additionally, to use the mouse daemon on all virtual terminals instead of just the console, add <literal>allscreens_flags=\"-m on\"</literal> to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>." +#: book.translate.xml:1693 +msgid "" +"For a PS/2 mouse, add <literal>moused_enable=\"YES\"</literal> to <filename>/" +"etc/rc.conf</filename> to start the mouse daemon at boot time. Additionally, " +"to use the mouse daemon on all virtual terminals instead of just the " +"console, add <literal>allscreens_flags=\"-m on\"</literal> to <filename>/etc/" +"rc.conf</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1732 -msgid "When the mouse daemon is running, access to the mouse must be coordinated between the mouse daemon and other programs such as X Windows. Refer to the <acronym>FAQ</acronym> <link linkend=\"x-and-moused\">Why does my mouse not work with X?</link> for more details on this issue." +#: book.translate.xml:1702 +msgid "" +"When the mouse daemon is running, access to the mouse must be coordinated " +"between the mouse daemon and other programs such as X Windows. Refer to the " +"<acronym>FAQ</acronym> <link linkend=\"x-and-moused\">Why does my mouse not " +"work with X?</link> for more details on this issue." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1743 +#: book.translate.xml:1713 msgid "How do I cut and paste text with a mouse in the text console?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1748 -msgid "It is not possible to remove data using the mouse. However, it is possible to copy and paste. Once the mouse daemon is running as described in the <link linkend=\"moused\">previous question</link>, hold down button 1 (left button) and move the mouse to select a region of text. Then, press button 2 (middle button) to paste it at the text cursor. Pressing button 3 (right button) will <quote>extend</quote> the selected region of text." +#: book.translate.xml:1718 +msgid "" +"It is not possible to remove data using the mouse. However, it is possible " +"to copy and paste. Once the mouse daemon is running as described in the " +"<link linkend=\"moused\">previous question</link>, hold down button 1 (left " +"button) and move the mouse to select a region of text. Then, press button 2 " +"(middle button) to paste it at the text cursor. Pressing button 3 (right " +"button) will <quote>extend</quote> the selected region of text." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1757 -msgid "If the mouse does not have a middle button, it is possible to emulate one or remap buttons using mouse daemon options. See the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for details." +#: book.translate.xml:1727 +msgid "" +"If the mouse does not have a middle button, it is possible to emulate one or " +"remap buttons using mouse daemon options. See the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> manual page for details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1766 +#: book.translate.xml:1736 msgid "My mouse has a fancy wheel and buttons. Can I use them in FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1771 -msgid "The answer is, unfortunately, <quote>It depends</quote>. These mice with additional features require specialized driver in most cases. Unless the mouse device driver or the user program has specific support for the mouse, it will act just like a standard two, or three button mouse." +#: book.translate.xml:1741 +msgid "" +"The answer is, unfortunately, <quote>It depends</quote>. These mice with " +"additional features require specialized driver in most cases. Unless the " +"mouse device driver or the user program has specific support for the mouse, " +"it will act just like a standard two, or three button mouse." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1778 -msgid "For the possible usage of wheels in the X Window environment, refer to <link linkend=\"x-and-wheel\">that section</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:1748 +msgid "" +"For the possible usage of wheels in the X Window environment, refer to <link " +"linkend=\"x-and-wheel\">that section</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1785 -msgid "How do I use my delete key in <command>sh</command> and <command>csh</command>?" +#: book.translate.xml:1755 +msgid "" +"How do I use my delete key in <command>sh</command> and <command>csh</" +"command>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1790 -msgid "For the <application>Bourne Shell</application>, add the following lines to <filename>~/.shrc</filename>. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>editrc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:1760 +msgid "" +"For the <application>Bourne Shell</application>, add the following lines to " +"<filename>~/.shrc</filename>. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>editrc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:1794 +#: book.translate.xml:1764 #, no-wrap msgid "" "bind ^? ed-delete-next-char # for console\n" @@ -1520,12 +2474,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1797 -msgid "For the <application>C Shell</application>, add the following lines to <filename>~/.cshrc</filename>. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>csh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:1767 +msgid "" +"For the <application>C Shell</application>, add the following lines to " +"<filename>~/.cshrc</filename>. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>csh</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:1801 +#: book.translate.xml:1771 #, no-wrap msgid "" "bindkey ^? delete-char # for console\n" @@ -1533,288 +2490,475 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1804 -msgid "For more information, see <link xlink:href=\"http://www.ibb.net/~anne/keyboard.html\">this page</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:1774 +msgid "" +"For more information, see <link xlink:href=\"http://www.ibb.net/~anne/" +"keyboard.html\">this page</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:1812 +#: book.translate.xml:1782 msgid "Other Hardware" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1817 -msgid "Workarounds for no sound from my <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pcm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> sound card?" +#: book.translate.xml:1787 +msgid "" +"Workarounds for no sound from my <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pcm</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> sound card?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1822 -msgid "Some sound cards set their output volume to 0 at every boot. Run the following command every time the machine boots:" +#: book.translate.xml:1792 +msgid "" +"Some sound cards set their output volume to 0 at every boot. Run the " +"following command every time the machine boots:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:1826 +#: book.translate.xml:1796 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mixer pcm 100 vol 100 cd 100</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1832 +#: book.translate.xml:1802 msgid "Does FreeBSD support power management on my laptop?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1837 -msgid "FreeBSD supports the <acronym>ACPI</acronym> features found in modern hardware. Further information can be found in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>acpi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:1807 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD supports the <acronym>ACPI</acronym> features found in modern " +"hardware. Further information can be found in " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>acpi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:1847 +#: book.translate.xml:1817 msgid "Troubleshooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1852 -msgid "Why is FreeBSD finding the wrong amount of memory on <trademark>i386</trademark> hardware?" +#: book.translate.xml:1822 +msgid "" +"Why is FreeBSD finding the wrong amount of memory on <trademark>i386</" +"trademark> hardware?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1857 -msgid "The most likely reason is the difference between physical memory addresses and virtual addresses." +#: book.translate.xml:1827 +msgid "" +"The most likely reason is the difference between physical memory addresses " +"and virtual addresses." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1860 -msgid "The convention for most PC hardware is to use the memory area between 3.5 GB and 4 GB for a special purpose (usually for PCI). This address space is used to access PCI hardware. As a result real, physical memory cannot be accessed by that address space." +#: book.translate.xml:1830 +msgid "" +"The convention for most PC hardware is to use the memory area between 3.5 GB " +"and 4 GB for a special purpose (usually for PCI). This address space is used " +"to access PCI hardware. As a result real, physical memory cannot be accessed " +"by that address space." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1866 -msgid "What happens to the memory that should appear in that location is hardware dependent. Unfortunately, some hardware does nothing and the ability to use that last 500 MB of RAM is entirely lost." +#: book.translate.xml:1836 +msgid "" +"What happens to the memory that should appear in that location is hardware " +"dependent. Unfortunately, some hardware does nothing and the ability to use " +"that last 500 MB of RAM is entirely lost." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1871 -msgid "Luckily, most hardware remaps the memory to a higher location so that it can still be used. However, this can cause some confusion when watching the boot messages." +#: book.translate.xml:1841 +msgid "" +"Luckily, most hardware remaps the memory to a higher location so that it can " +"still be used. However, this can cause some confusion when watching the boot " +"messages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1876 -msgid "On a 32-bit version of FreeBSD, the memory appears lost, since it will be remapped above 4 GB, which a 32-bit kernel is unable to access. In this case, the solution is to build a PAE enabled kernel. See the entry on memory limits for more information." +#: book.translate.xml:1846 +msgid "" +"On a 32-bit version of FreeBSD, the memory appears lost, since it will be " +"remapped above 4 GB, which a 32-bit kernel is unable to access. In this " +"case, the solution is to build a PAE enabled kernel. See the entry on memory " +"limits for more information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1882 -msgid "On a 64-bit version of FreeBSD, or when running a PAE-enabled kernel, FreeBSD will correctly detect and remap the memory so it is usable. During boot, however, it may seem as if FreeBSD is detecting more memory than the system really has, due to the described remapping. This is normal and the available memory will be corrected as the boot process completes." +#: book.translate.xml:1852 +msgid "" +"On a 64-bit version of FreeBSD, or when running a PAE-enabled kernel, " +"FreeBSD will correctly detect and remap the memory so it is usable. During " +"boot, however, it may seem as if FreeBSD is detecting more memory than the " +"system really has, due to the described remapping. This is normal and the " +"available memory will be corrected as the boot process completes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:1894 -msgid "Why do my programs occasionally die with <errorname>Signal 11</errorname> errors?" +#: book.translate.xml:1864 +msgid "" +"Why do my programs occasionally die with <errorname>Signal 11</errorname> " +"errors?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1899 -msgid "Signal 11 errors are caused when a process has attempted to access memory which the operating system has not granted it access to. If something like this is happening at seemingly random intervals, start investigating the cause." +#: book.translate.xml:1869 +msgid "" +"Signal 11 errors are caused when a process has attempted to access memory " +"which the operating system has not granted it access to. If something like " +"this is happening at seemingly random intervals, start investigating the " +"cause." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1905 +#: book.translate.xml:1875 msgid "These problems can usually be attributed to either:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1910 -msgid "If the problem is occurring only in a specific custom application, it is probably a bug in the code." +#: book.translate.xml:1880 +msgid "" +"If the problem is occurring only in a specific custom application, it is " +"probably a bug in the code." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1916 -msgid "If it is a problem with part of the base FreeBSD system, it may also be buggy code, but more often than not these problems are found and fixed long before us general <acronym>FAQ</acronym> readers get to use these bits of code (that is what -CURRENT is for)." +#: book.translate.xml:1886 +msgid "" +"If it is a problem with part of the base FreeBSD system, it may also be " +"buggy code, but more often than not these problems are found and fixed long " +"before us general <acronym>FAQ</acronym> readers get to use these bits of " +"code (that is what -CURRENT is for)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1925 -msgid "It is probably not a FreeBSD bug if the problem occurs compiling a program, but the activity that the compiler is carrying out changes each time." +#: book.translate.xml:1895 +msgid "" +"It is probably not a FreeBSD bug if the problem occurs compiling a program, " +"but the activity that the compiler is carrying out changes each time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1931 -msgid "For example, if <command>make buildworld</command> fails while trying to compile <filename>ls.c</filename> into <filename>ls.o</filename> and, when run again, it fails in the same place, this is a broken build. Try updating source and try again. If the compile fails elsewhere, it is almost certainly due to hardware." +#: book.translate.xml:1901 +msgid "" +"For example, if <command>make buildworld</command> fails while trying to " +"compile <filename>ls.c</filename> into <filename>ls.o</filename> and, when " +"run again, it fails in the same place, this is a broken build. Try updating " +"source and try again. If the compile fails elsewhere, it is almost certainly " +"due to hardware." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1939 -msgid "In the first case, use a debugger such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to find the point in the program which is attempting to access a bogus address and fix it." +#: book.translate.xml:1909 +msgid "" +"In the first case, use a debugger such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to find the point in " +"the program which is attempting to access a bogus address and fix it." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1944 +#: book.translate.xml:1914 msgid "In the second case, verify which piece of hardware is at fault." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:1947 +#: book.translate.xml:1917 msgid "Common causes of this include:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1951 -msgid "The hard disks might be overheating: Check that the fans are still working, as the disk and other hardware might be overheating." +#: book.translate.xml:1921 +msgid "" +"The hard disks might be overheating: Check that the fans are still working, " +"as the disk and other hardware might be overheating." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1957 -msgid "The processor running is overheating: This might be because the processor has been overclocked, or the fan on the processor might have died. In either case, ensure that the hardware is running at what it is specified to run at, at least while trying to solve this problem. If it is not, clock it back to the default settings.)" +#: book.translate.xml:1927 +msgid "" +"The processor running is overheating: This might be because the processor " +"has been overclocked, or the fan on the processor might have died. In either " +"case, ensure that the hardware is running at what it is specified to run at, " +"at least while trying to solve this problem. If it is not, clock it back to " +"the default settings.)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1965 -msgid "Regarding overclocking, it is far cheaper to have a slow system than a fried system that needs replacing! Also the community is not sympathetic to problems on overclocked systems." +#: book.translate.xml:1935 +msgid "" +"Regarding overclocking, it is far cheaper to have a slow system than a fried " +"system that needs replacing! Also the community is not sympathetic to " +"problems on overclocked systems." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1972 -msgid "Dodgy memory: if multiple memory SIMMS/DIMMS are installed, pull them all out and try running the machine with each SIMM or DIMM individually to narrow the problem down to either the problematic DIMM/SIMM or perhaps even a combination." +#: book.translate.xml:1942 +msgid "" +"Dodgy memory: if multiple memory SIMMS/DIMMS are installed, pull them all " +"out and try running the machine with each SIMM or DIMM individually to " +"narrow the problem down to either the problematic DIMM/SIMM or perhaps even " +"a combination." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1981 -msgid "Over-optimistic motherboard settings: the BIOS settings, and some motherboard jumpers, provide options to set various timings. The defaults are often sufficient, but sometimes setting the wait states on RAM too low, or setting the <quote>RAM Speed: Turbo</quote> option will cause strange behavior. A possible idea is to set to BIOS defaults, after noting the current settings first." +#: book.translate.xml:1951 +msgid "" +"Over-optimistic motherboard settings: the BIOS settings, and some " +"motherboard jumpers, provide options to set various timings. The defaults " +"are often sufficient, but sometimes setting the wait states on RAM too low, " +"or setting the <quote>RAM Speed: Turbo</quote> option will cause strange " +"behavior. A possible idea is to set to BIOS defaults, after noting the " +"current settings first." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1993 -msgid "Unclean or insufficient power to the motherboard. Remove any unused I/O boards, hard disks, or CD-ROMs, or disconnect the power cable from them, to see if the power supply can manage a smaller load. Or try another power supply, preferably one with a little more power. For instance, if the current power supply is rated at 250 Watts, try one rated at 300 Watts." +#: book.translate.xml:1963 +msgid "" +"Unclean or insufficient power to the motherboard. Remove any unused I/O " +"boards, hard disks, or CD-ROMs, or disconnect the power cable from them, to " +"see if the power supply can manage a smaller load. Or try another power " +"supply, preferably one with a little more power. For instance, if the " +"current power supply is rated at 250 Watts, try one rated at 300 Watts." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2005 -msgid "Read the section on <link linkend=\"signal11\">Signal 11</link> for a further explanation and a discussion on how memory testing software or hardware can still pass faulty memory. There is an extensive <acronym>FAQ</acronym> on this at <link xlink:href=\"http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/\">the SIG11 problem <acronym>FAQ</acronym></link>." +#: book.translate.xml:1975 +msgid "" +"Read the section on <link linkend=\"signal11\">Signal 11</link> for a " +"further explanation and a discussion on how memory testing software or " +"hardware can still pass faulty memory. There is an extensive <acronym>FAQ</" +"acronym> on this at <link xlink:href=\"http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/\">the " +"SIG11 problem <acronym>FAQ</acronym></link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2012 -msgid "Finally, if none of this has helped, it is possibly a bug in FreeBSD. Follow <link linkend=\"access-pr\">these instructions</link> to send a problem report." +#: book.translate.xml:1982 +msgid "" +"Finally, if none of this has helped, it is possibly a bug in FreeBSD. Follow " +"<link linkend=\"access-pr\">these instructions</link> to send a problem " +"report." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2021 -msgid "My system crashes with either <errorname>Fatal trap 12: page fault in kernel mode</errorname>, or <errorname>panic:</errorname>, and spits out a bunch of information. What should I do?" +#: book.translate.xml:1991 +msgid "" +"My system crashes with either <errorname>Fatal trap 12: page fault in kernel " +"mode</errorname>, or <errorname>panic:</errorname>, and spits out a bunch of " +"information. What should I do?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2028 -msgid "The FreeBSD developers are interested in these errors, but need more information than just the error message. Copy the full crash message. Then consult the <acronym>FAQ</acronym> section on <link linkend=\"kernel-panic-troubleshooting\">kernel panics</link>, build a debugging kernel, and get a backtrace. This might sound difficult, but does not require any programming skills. Just follow the instructions." +#: book.translate.xml:1998 +msgid "" +"The FreeBSD developers are interested in these errors, but need more " +"information than just the error message. Copy the full crash message. Then " +"consult the <acronym>FAQ</acronym> section on <link linkend=\"kernel-panic-" +"troubleshooting\">kernel panics</link>, build a debugging kernel, and get a " +"backtrace. This might sound difficult, but does not require any programming " +"skills. Just follow the instructions." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2041 -msgid "What is the meaning of the error <errorname>maxproc limit exceeded by uid %i, please see tuning(7) and login.conf(5)</errorname>?" +#: book.translate.xml:2011 +msgid "" +"What is the meaning of the error <errorname>maxproc limit exceeded by uid " +"%i, please see tuning(7) and login.conf(5)</errorname>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2047 -msgid "The FreeBSD kernel will only allow a certain number of processes to exist at one time. The number is based on the <varname>kern.maxusers</varname> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> variable. <varname>kern.maxusers</varname> also affects various other in-kernel limits, such as network buffers. If the machine is heavily loaded, increase <varname>kern.maxusers</varname>. This will increase these other system limits in addition to the maximum number of processes." +#: book.translate.xml:2017 +msgid "" +"The FreeBSD kernel will only allow a certain number of processes to exist at " +"one time. The number is based on the <varname>kern.maxusers</varname> " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> variable. <varname>kern.maxusers</varname> also affects " +"various other in-kernel limits, such as network buffers. If the machine is " +"heavily loaded, increase <varname>kern.maxusers</varname>. This will " +"increase these other system limits in addition to the maximum number of " +"processes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2057 -msgid "To adjust the <varname>kern.maxusers</varname> value, see the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-kernel-limits.html#kern-maxfiles\">File/Process Limits</link> section of the Handbook. While that section refers to open files, the same limits apply to processes." +#: book.translate.xml:2027 +msgid "" +"To adjust the <varname>kern.maxusers</varname> value, see the <link xlink:" +"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-" +"kernel-limits.html#kern-maxfiles\">File/Process Limits</link> section of the " +"Handbook. While that section refers to open files, the same limits apply to " +"processes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2063 -msgid "If the machine is lightly loaded but running a very large number of processes, adjust the <varname>kern.maxproc</varname> tunable by defining it in <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. The tunable will not get adjusted until the system is rebooted. For more information about tuning tunables, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loader.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If these processes are being run by a single user, adjust <varname>kern.maxprocperuid</varname> to be one less than the new <varname>kern.maxproc</varname> value. It must be at least one less because one system program, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, must always be running." +#: book.translate.xml:2033 +msgid "" +"If the machine is lightly loaded but running a very large number of " +"processes, adjust the <varname>kern.maxproc</varname> tunable by defining it " +"in <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. The tunable will not get adjusted " +"until the system is rebooted. For more information about tuning tunables, " +"see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loader.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>. If these processes are being run by a single " +"user, adjust <varname>kern.maxprocperuid</varname> to be one less than the " +"new <varname>kern.maxproc</varname> value. It must be at least one less " +"because one system program, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, must always be " +"running." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2080 +#: book.translate.xml:2050 msgid "Why do full screen applications on remote machines misbehave?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2085 -msgid "The remote machine may be setting the terminal type to something other than <literal>xterm</literal> which is required by the FreeBSD console. Alternatively the kernel may have the wrong values for the width and height of the terminal." +#: book.translate.xml:2055 +msgid "" +"The remote machine may be setting the terminal type to something other than " +"<literal>xterm</literal> which is required by the FreeBSD console. " +"Alternatively the kernel may have the wrong values for the width and height " +"of the terminal." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2091 -msgid "Check the value of the <envar>TERM</envar> environment variable is <literal>xterm</literal>. If the remote machine does not support that try <literal>vt100</literal>." +#: book.translate.xml:2061 +msgid "" +"Check the value of the <envar>TERM</envar> environment variable is " +"<literal>xterm</literal>. If the remote machine does not support that try " +"<literal>vt100</literal>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2096 -msgid "Run <command>stty -a</command> to check what the kernel thinks the terminal dimensions are. If they are incorrect, they can be changed by running <command>stty rows <replaceable>RR</replaceable> cols <replaceable>CC</replaceable></command>." +#: book.translate.xml:2066 +msgid "" +"Run <command>stty -a</command> to check what the kernel thinks the terminal " +"dimensions are. If they are incorrect, they can be changed by running " +"<command>stty rows <replaceable>RR</replaceable> cols <replaceable>CC</" +"replaceable></command>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2102 -msgid "Alternatively, if the client machine has <package>x11/xterm</package> installed, then running <command>resize</command> will query the terminal for the correct dimensions and set them." +#: book.translate.xml:2072 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, if the client machine has <package>x11/xterm</package> " +"installed, then running <command>resize</command> will query the terminal " +"for the correct dimensions and set them." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2111 -msgid "Why does it take so long to connect to my computer via <command>ssh</command> or <command>telnet</command>?" +#: book.translate.xml:2081 +msgid "" +"Why does it take so long to connect to my computer via <command>ssh</" +"command> or <command>telnet</command>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2117 -msgid "The symptom: there is a long delay between the time the TCP connection is established and the time when the client software asks for a password (or, in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>telnet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s case, when a login prompt appears)." +#: book.translate.xml:2087 +msgid "" +"The symptom: there is a long delay between the time the TCP connection is " +"established and the time when the client software asks for a password (or, " +"in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>telnet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>'s case, when a login prompt appears)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2123 -msgid "The problem: more likely than not, the delay is caused by the server software trying to resolve the client's IP address into a hostname. Many servers, including the <application>Telnet</application> and <application>SSH</application> servers that come with FreeBSD, do this to store the hostname in a log file for future reference by the administrator." +#: book.translate.xml:2093 +msgid "" +"The problem: more likely than not, the delay is caused by the server " +"software trying to resolve the client's IP address into a hostname. Many " +"servers, including the <application>Telnet</application> and " +"<application>SSH</application> servers that come with FreeBSD, do this to " +"store the hostname in a log file for future reference by the administrator." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2131 -msgid "The remedy: if the problem occurs whenever connecting the client computer to any server, the problem is with the client. If the problem only occurs when someone connects to the server computer, the problem is with the server." +#: book.translate.xml:2101 +msgid "" +"The remedy: if the problem occurs whenever connecting the client computer to " +"any server, the problem is with the client. If the problem only occurs when " +"someone connects to the server computer, the problem is with the server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2137 -msgid "If the problem is with the client, the only remedy is to fix the DNS so the server can resolve it. If this is on a local network, consider it a server problem and keep reading. If this is on the Internet, contact your ISP." +#: book.translate.xml:2107 +msgid "" +"If the problem is with the client, the only remedy is to fix the DNS so the " +"server can resolve it. If this is on a local network, consider it a server " +"problem and keep reading. If this is on the Internet, contact your ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2143 -msgid "If the problem is with the server on a local network, configure the server to resolve address-to-hostname queries for the local address range. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hosts</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information. If this is on the Internet, the problem may be that the local server's resolver is not functioning correctly. To check, try to look up another host such as <systemitem>www.yahoo.com</systemitem>. If it does not work, that is the problem." +#: book.translate.xml:2113 +msgid "" +"If the problem is with the server on a local network, configure the server " +"to resolve address-to-hostname queries for the local address range. See " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hosts</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>named</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information. " +"If this is on the Internet, the problem may be that the local server's " +"resolver is not functioning correctly. To check, try to look up another host " +"such as <systemitem>www.yahoo.com</systemitem>. If it does not work, that is " +"the problem." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2154 -msgid "Following a fresh install of FreeBSD, it is also possible that domain and name server information is missing from <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. This will often cause a delay in <application>SSH</application>, as the option <literal>UseDNS</literal> is set to <literal>yes</literal> by default in <filename>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</filename>. If this is causing the problem, either fill in the missing information in <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> or set <literal>UseDNS</literal> to <literal>no</literal> in <filename>sshd_config</filename> as a temporary workaround." +#: book.translate.xml:2124 +msgid "" +"Following a fresh install of FreeBSD, it is also possible that domain and " +"name server information is missing from <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</" +"filename>. This will often cause a delay in <application>SSH</application>, " +"as the option <literal>UseDNS</literal> is set to <literal>yes</literal> by " +"default in <filename>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</filename>. If this is causing the " +"problem, either fill in the missing information in <filename>/etc/resolv." +"conf</filename> or set <literal>UseDNS</literal> to <literal>no</literal> in " +"<filename>sshd_config</filename> as a temporary workaround." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2172 -msgid "Why does <errorname>file: table is full</errorname> show up repeatedly in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>?" +#: book.translate.xml:2142 +msgid "" +"Why does <errorname>file: table is full</errorname> show up repeatedly in " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2177 -msgid "This error message indicates that the number of available file descriptors have been exhausted on the system. Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-kernel-limits.html#kern-maxfiles\">kern.maxfiles</link> section of the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-kernel-limits.html\">Tuning Kernel Limits</link> section of the Handbook for a discussion and solution." +#: book.translate.xml:2147 +msgid "" +"This error message indicates that the number of available file descriptors " +"have been exhausted on the system. Refer to the <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-kernel-" +"limits.html#kern-maxfiles\">kern.maxfiles</link> section of the <link xlink:" +"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-" +"kernel-limits.html\">Tuning Kernel Limits</link> section of the Handbook for " +"a discussion and solution." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2188 +#: book.translate.xml:2158 msgid "Why does the clock on my computer keep incorrect time?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2193 -msgid "The computer has two or more clocks, and FreeBSD has chosen to use the wrong one." +#: book.translate.xml:2163 +msgid "" +"The computer has two or more clocks, and FreeBSD has chosen to use the wrong " +"one." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2196 -msgid "Run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and check for lines that contain <literal>Timecounter</literal>. The one with the highest quality value that FreeBSD chose." +#: book.translate.xml:2166 +msgid "" +"Run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>, and check for lines that contain " +"<literal>Timecounter</literal>. The one with the highest quality value that " +"FreeBSD chose." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:2200 +#: book.translate.xml:2170 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>dmesg | grep Timecounter</userinput>\n" @@ -1825,12 +2969,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2206 -msgid "Confirm this by checking the <varname>kern.timecounter.hardware</varname> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:2176 +msgid "" +"Confirm this by checking the <varname>kern.timecounter.hardware</varname> " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:2210 +#: book.translate.xml:2180 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sysctl kern.timecounter.hardware</userinput>\n" @@ -1838,28 +2985,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2213 -msgid "It may be a broken ACPI timer. The simplest solution is to disable the ACPI timer in <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:" +#: book.translate.xml:2183 +msgid "" +"It may be a broken ACPI timer. The simplest solution is to disable the ACPI " +"timer in <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:2217 +#: book.translate.xml:2187 #, no-wrap msgid "debug.acpi.disabled=\"timer\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2219 -msgid "Or the BIOS may modify the TSC clock—perhaps to change the speed of the processor when running from batteries, or going into a power saving mode, but FreeBSD is unaware of these adjustments, and appears to gain or lose time." +#: book.translate.xml:2189 +msgid "" +"Or the BIOS may modify the TSC clock—perhaps to change the speed of the " +"processor when running from batteries, or going into a power saving mode, " +"but FreeBSD is unaware of these adjustments, and appears to gain or lose " +"time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2225 -msgid "In this example, the <literal>i8254</literal> clock is also available, and can be selected by writing its name to the <varname>kern.timecounter.hardware</varname> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:2195 +msgid "" +"In this example, the <literal>i8254</literal> clock is also available, and " +"can be selected by writing its name to the <varname>kern.timecounter." +"hardware</varname> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:2230 +#: book.translate.xml:2200 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sysctl kern.timecounter.hardware=i8254</userinput>\n" @@ -1867,407 +3024,635 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2233 +#: book.translate.xml:2203 msgid "The computer should now start keeping more accurate time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2236 -msgid "To have this change automatically run at boot time, add the following line to <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:" +#: book.translate.xml:2206 +msgid "" +"To have this change automatically run at boot time, add the following line " +"to <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:2240 +#: book.translate.xml:2210 #, no-wrap msgid "kern.timecounter.hardware=i8254" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2246 -msgid "What does the error <errorname>swap_pager: indefinite wait buffer:</errorname> mean?" +#: book.translate.xml:2216 +msgid "" +"What does the error <errorname>swap_pager: indefinite wait buffer:</" +"errorname> mean?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2251 -msgid "This means that a process is trying to page memory to disk, and the page attempt has hung trying to access the disk for more than 20 seconds. It might be caused by bad blocks on the disk drive, disk wiring, cables, or any other disk I/O-related hardware. If the drive itself is bad, disk errors will appear in <filename>/var/log/messages</filename> and in the output of <command>dmesg</command>. Otherwise, check the cables and connections." +#: book.translate.xml:2221 +msgid "" +"This means that a process is trying to page memory from disk, and the page " +"attempt has hung trying to access the disk for more than 20 seconds. It " +"might be caused by bad blocks on the disk drive, disk wiring, cables, or any " +"other disk I/O-related hardware. If the drive itself is bad, disk errors " +"will appear in <filename>/var/log/messages</filename> and in the output of " +"<command>dmesg</command>. Otherwise, check the cables and connections." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2265 +#: book.translate.xml:2236 msgid "What is a <errorname>lock order reversal</errorname>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2270 -msgid "The FreeBSD kernel uses a number of resource locks to arbitrate contention for certain resources. When multiple kernel threads try to obtain multiple resource locks, there's always the potential for a deadlock, where two threads have each obtained one of the locks and blocks forever waiting for the other thread to release one of the other locks. This sort of locking problem can be avoided if all threads obtain the locks in the same order." +#: book.translate.xml:2241 +msgid "" +"The FreeBSD kernel uses a number of resource locks to arbitrate contention " +"for certain resources. When multiple kernel threads try to obtain multiple " +"resource locks, there's always the potential for a deadlock, where two " +"threads have each obtained one of the locks and blocks forever waiting for " +"the other thread to release one of the other locks. This sort of locking " +"problem can be avoided if all threads obtain the locks in the same order." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2279 -msgid "A run-time lock diagnostic system called <citerefentry><refentrytitle>witness</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, enabled in FreeBSD-CURRENT and disabled by default for stable branches and releases, detects the potential for deadlocks due to locking errors, including errors caused by obtaining multiple resource locks with a different order from different parts of the kernel. The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>witness</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> framework tries to detect this problem as it happens, and reports it by printing a message to the system console about a <errorname>lock order reversal</errorname> (often referred to also as <acronym>LOR</acronym>)." +#: book.translate.xml:2250 +msgid "" +"A run-time lock diagnostic system called " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>witness</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>, enabled in FreeBSD-CURRENT and disabled by " +"default for stable branches and releases, detects the potential for " +"deadlocks due to locking errors, including errors caused by obtaining " +"multiple resource locks with a different order from different parts of the " +"kernel. The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>witness</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> framework tries to " +"detect this problem as it happens, and reports it by printing a message to " +"the system console about a <errorname>lock order reversal</errorname> (often " +"referred to also as <acronym>LOR</acronym>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2291 -msgid "It is possible to get false positives, as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>witness</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> is conservative. A true positive report <emphasis>does not</emphasis> mean that a system is dead-locked; instead it should be understood as a warning that a deadlock could have happened here." +#: book.translate.xml:2262 +msgid "" +"It is possible to get false positives, as " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>witness</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> is conservative. A true positive report " +"<emphasis>does not</emphasis> mean that a system is dead-locked; instead it " +"should be understood as a warning that a deadlock could have happened here." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:2298 -msgid "Problematic <acronym>LOR</acronym>s tend to get fixed quickly, so check the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-current\">FreeBSD-CURRENT mailing list</link> before posting to it." +#: book.translate.xml:2269 +msgid "" +"Problematic <acronym>LOR</acronym>s tend to get fixed quickly, so check the " +"<link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-current" +"\">FreeBSD-CURRENT mailing list</link> before posting to it." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2307 -msgid "What does <errorname>Called ... with the following non-sleepable locks held</errorname> mean?" +#: book.translate.xml:2278 +msgid "" +"What does <errorname>Called ... with the following non-sleepable locks held</" +"errorname> mean?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2312 -msgid "This means that a function that may sleep was called while a mutex (or other unsleepable) lock was held." +#: book.translate.xml:2283 +msgid "" +"This means that a function that may sleep was called while a mutex (or other " +"unsleepable) lock was held." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2315 -msgid "The reason this is an error is because mutexes are not intended to be held for long periods of time; they are supposed to only be held to maintain short periods of synchronization. This programming contract allows device drivers to use mutexes to synchronize with the rest of the kernel during interrupts. Interrupts (under FreeBSD) may not sleep. Hence it is imperative that no subsystem in the kernel block for an extended period while holding a mutex." +#: book.translate.xml:2286 +msgid "" +"The reason this is an error is because mutexes are not intended to be held " +"for long periods of time; they are supposed to only be held to maintain " +"short periods of synchronization. This programming contract allows device " +"drivers to use mutexes to synchronize with the rest of the kernel during " +"interrupts. Interrupts (under FreeBSD) may not sleep. Hence it is imperative " +"that no subsystem in the kernel block for an extended period while holding a " +"mutex." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2325 -msgid "To catch such errors, assertions may be added to the kernel that interact with the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>witness</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> subsystem to emit a warning or fatal error (depending on the system configuration) when a potentially blocking call is made while holding a mutex." +#: book.translate.xml:2296 +msgid "" +"To catch such errors, assertions may be added to the kernel that interact " +"with the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>witness</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> subsystem to emit a warning or fatal error " +"(depending on the system configuration) when a potentially blocking call is " +"made while holding a mutex." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2331 -msgid "In summary, such warnings are non-fatal, however with unfortunate timing they could cause undesirable effects ranging from a minor blip in the system's responsiveness to a complete system lockup." +#: book.translate.xml:2302 +msgid "" +"In summary, such warnings are non-fatal, however with unfortunate timing " +"they could cause undesirable effects ranging from a minor blip in the " +"system's responsiveness to a complete system lockup." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2336 -msgid "For additional information about locking in FreeBSD see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locking</refentrytitle><manvolnum>9</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:2307 +msgid "" +"For additional information about locking in FreeBSD see " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>locking</refentrytitle><manvolnum>9</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:2344 +#: book.translate.xml:2315 msgid "buildworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:2344 +#: book.translate.xml:2315 msgid "installworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2343 -msgid "Why does <_:buildtarget-1/>/<_:buildtarget-2/> die with the message <errorname>touch: not found</errorname>?" +#: book.translate.xml:2314 +msgid "" +"Why does <_:buildtarget-1/>/<_:buildtarget-2/> die with the message " +"<errorname>touch: not found</errorname>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2350 -msgid "This error does not mean that the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>touch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility is missing. The error is instead probably due to the dates of the files being set sometime in the future. If the CMOS clock is set to local time, run <command>adjkerntz -i</command> to adjust the kernel clock when booting into single-user mode." +#: book.translate.xml:2321 +msgid "" +"This error does not mean that the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>touch</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility is missing. " +"The error is instead probably due to the dates of the files being set " +"sometime in the future. If the CMOS clock is set to local time, run " +"<command>adjkerntz -i</command> to adjust the kernel clock when booting into " +"single-user mode." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:2363 +#: book.translate.xml:2334 msgid "User Applications" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2368 +#: book.translate.xml:2339 msgid "Where are all the user applications?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2372 -msgid "Refer to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/ports/index.html\">the ports page</link> for info on software packages ported to FreeBSD. The list currently tops 24,000 and is growing daily, so come back to check often or subscribe to the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-announce\">FreeBSD announcements mailing list</link> for periodic updates on new entries." +#: book.translate.xml:2343 +msgid "" +"Refer to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/ports/index.html\">the ports " +"page</link> for info on software packages ported to FreeBSD. The list " +"currently tops 24,000 and is growing daily, so come back to check often or " +"subscribe to the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/" +"listinfo/freebsd-announce\">FreeBSD announcements mailing list</link> for " +"periodic updates on new entries." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2379 -msgid "Most ports should work on all supported versions of FreeBSD. Those that do not are specifically marked as such. Each time a FreeBSD release is made, a snapshot of the ports tree at the time of release in also included in the <filename>ports/</filename> directory." +#: book.translate.xml:2350 +msgid "" +"Most ports should work on all supported versions of FreeBSD. Those that do " +"not are specifically marked as such. Each time a FreeBSD release is made, a " +"snapshot of the ports tree at the time of release in also included in the " +"<filename>ports/</filename> directory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2385 -msgid "FreeBSD supports compressed binary packages to easily install and uninstall ports. Use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> to control the installation of packages." +#: book.translate.xml:2356 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD supports compressed binary packages to easily install and uninstall " +"ports. Use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> to control the installation of packages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2393 -msgid "How do I download the Ports tree? Should I be using SVN?" +#: book.translate.xml:2364 +msgid "How do I download the Ports tree? Should I be using Subversion?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2398 +#: book.translate.xml:2369 msgid "Any of the methods listed here work:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2402 -msgid "Use portsnap for most use cases. Refer to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html\">Using the Ports Collection</link> for instructions on how to use this tool." +#: book.translate.xml:2373 +msgid "" +"Use portsnap for most use cases. Refer to <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html" +"\">Using the Ports Collection</link> for instructions on how to use this " +"tool." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2407 -msgid "Use SVN if custom patches to the ports tree are needed. Refer to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/svn.html\">Using Subversion</link> for details." +#: book.translate.xml:2378 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Use Subversion if custom patches to the ports tree are needed. Refer to " +"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/svn." +"html\">Using Subversion</link> for details." msgstr "" +"如果想看關於 FreeBSD 更深入的資料，請看 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" +"doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD 使用手冊</link>。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2417 +#: book.translate.xml:2388 msgid "Does FreeBSD support <trademark>Java</trademark>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2421 -msgid "Yes. Refer to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/java/index.html\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/java/</link> for more information." +#: book.translate.xml:2392 +msgid "" +"Yes. Refer to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/java/index.html\">https://" +"www.FreeBSD.org/java/</link> for more information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2428 -msgid "Why can I not build this port on my 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> -, or 11.<replaceable>X</replaceable> -STABLE machine?" +#: book.translate.xml:2399 +msgid "" +"Why can I not build this port on my 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> -, or 11." +"<replaceable>X</replaceable> -STABLE machine?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2434 -msgid "If the installed FreeBSD version lags significantly behind <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> or <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>, update the Ports Collection using the instructions in <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html\">Using the Ports Collection</link>. If the system is up-to-date, someone might have committed a change to the port which works for <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> but which broke the port for <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>. <link xlink:href=\"https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/submit/\">Submit</link> a bug report, since the Ports Collection is supposed to work for both the <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> and <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> branches." +#: book.translate.xml:2405 +msgid "" +"If the installed FreeBSD version lags significantly behind <emphasis>-" +"CURRENT</emphasis> or <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>, update the Ports " +"Collection using the instructions in <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/" +"doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html\">Using the Ports " +"Collection</link>. If the system is up-to-date, someone might have committed " +"a change to the port which works for <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> but which " +"broke the port for <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>. <link xlink:href=\"https://" +"bugs.FreeBSD.org/submit/\">Submit</link> a bug report, since the Ports " +"Collection is supposed to work for both the <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> " +"and <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> branches." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2452 -msgid "I just tried to build <filename>INDEX</filename> using <command>make index</command>, and it failed. Why?" +#: book.translate.xml:2422 +msgid "" +"I just tried to build <filename>INDEX</filename> using <command>make index</" +"command>, and it failed. Why?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2457 -msgid "First, make sure that the Ports Collection is up-to-date. Errors that affect building <filename>INDEX</filename> from an up-to-date copy of the Ports Collection are high-visibility and are thus almost always fixed immediately." +#: book.translate.xml:2427 +msgid "" +"First, make sure that the Ports Collection is up-to-date. Errors that affect " +"building <filename>INDEX</filename> from an up-to-date copy of the Ports " +"Collection are high-visibility and are thus almost always fixed immediately." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2463 -msgid "There are rare cases where <filename>INDEX</filename> will not build due to odd cases involving <varname>WITH_<replaceable>*</replaceable></varname> or <varname>WITHOUT_<replaceable>*</replaceable></varname> variables being set in <filename>make.conf</filename>. If you suspect that this is the case, try to make <filename>INDEX</filename> with those make variables turned off before reporting it to <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ports\">FreeBSD ports mailing list</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:2433 +msgid "" +"There are rare cases where <filename>INDEX</filename> will not build due to " +"odd cases involving <varname>OPTIONS_SET</varname> being set in " +"<filename>make.conf</filename>. If you suspect that this is the case, try to " +"make <filename>INDEX</filename> with those variables turned off before " +"reporting it to <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/" +"freebsd-ports\">FreeBSD ports mailing list</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2476 +#: book.translate.xml:2445 msgid "I updated the sources, now how do I update my installed ports?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2481 -msgid "FreeBSD does not include a port upgrading tool, but it does have some tools to make the upgrade process somewhat easier. Additional tools are available to simplify port handling and are described the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html\">Upgrading Ports</link> section in the FreeBSD Handbook." +#: book.translate.xml:2450 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD does not include a port upgrading tool, but it does have some tools " +"to make the upgrade process somewhat easier. Additional tools are available " +"to simplify port handling and are described the <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html" +"\">Upgrading Ports</link> section in the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2491 -msgid "Do I need to recompile every port each time I perform a major version update?" +#: book.translate.xml:2460 +msgid "" +"Do I need to recompile every port each time I perform a major version update?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2496 -msgid "Yes! While a recent system will run with software compiled under an older release, things will randomly crash and fail to work once other ports are installed or updated." +#: book.translate.xml:2465 +msgid "" +"Yes! While a recent system will run with software compiled under an older " +"release, things will randomly crash and fail to work once other ports are " +"installed or updated." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2501 -msgid "When the system is upgraded, various shared libraries, loadable modules, and other parts of the system will be replaced with newer versions. Applications linked against the older versions may fail to start or, in other cases, fail to function properly." +#: book.translate.xml:2470 +msgid "" +"When the system is upgraded, various shared libraries, loadable modules, and " +"other parts of the system will be replaced with newer versions. Applications " +"linked against the older versions may fail to start or, in other cases, fail " +"to function properly." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2507 -msgid "For more information, see <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/updating-upgrading-freebsdupdate.html#freebsdupdate-upgrade\">the section on upgrades</link> in the FreeBSD Handbook." +#: book.translate.xml:2476 +msgid "" +"For more information, see <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/updating-upgrading-freebsdupdate.html#freebsdupdate-" +"upgrade\">the section on upgrades</link> in the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2514 -msgid "Do I need to recompile every port each time I perform a minor version update?" +#: book.translate.xml:2483 +msgid "" +"Do I need to recompile every port each time I perform a minor version update?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2519 -msgid "In general, no. FreeBSD developers do their utmost to guarantee binary compatibility across all releases with the same major version number. Any exceptions will be documented in the Release Notes, and advice given there should be followed." +#: book.translate.xml:2488 +msgid "" +"In general, no. FreeBSD developers do their utmost to guarantee binary " +"compatibility across all releases with the same major version number. Any " +"exceptions will be documented in the Release Notes, and advice given there " +"should be followed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2529 -msgid "Why is <command>/bin/sh</command> so minimal? Why does FreeBSD not use <command>bash</command> or another shell?" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2535 -msgid "Many people need to write shell scripts which will be portable across many systems. That is why <trademark class=\"registered\">POSIX</trademark> specifies the shell and utility commands in great detail. Most scripts are written in Bourne shell (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>), and because several important programming interfaces (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>make</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>system</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>popen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and analogues in higher-level scripting languages like Perl and Tcl) are specified to use the Bourne shell to interpret commands. Because the Bourne shell is so often and widely used, it is important for it to be quick to start, be deterministic in its behavior, and have a small memory footprint." +#: book.translate.xml:2498 +msgid "" +"Why is <command>/bin/sh</command> so minimal? Why does FreeBSD not use " +"<command>bash</command> or another shell?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2548 -msgid "The existing implementation is our best effort at meeting as many of these requirements simultaneously as we can. To keep <command>/bin/sh</command> small, we have not provided many of the convenience features that other shells have. That is why other more featureful shells like <command>bash</command>, <command>scsh</command>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and <command>zsh</command> are available. Compare the memory utilization of these shells by looking at the <quote>VSZ</quote> and <quote>RSS</quote> columns in a <command>ps -u</command> listing." +#: book.translate.xml:2504 +msgid "" +"Many people need to write shell scripts which will be portable across many " +"systems. That is why <trademark class=\"registered\">POSIX</trademark> " +"specifies the shell and utility commands in great detail. Most scripts are " +"written in Bourne shell (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>), and because several " +"important programming interfaces (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>make</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>system</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>popen</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and analogues in " +"higher-level scripting languages like Perl and Tcl) are specified to use the " +"Bourne shell to interpret commands. Because the Bourne shell is so often and " +"widely used, it is important for it to be quick to start, be deterministic " +"in its behavior, and have a small memory footprint." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:2517 +msgid "" +"The existing implementation is our best effort at meeting as many of these " +"requirements simultaneously as we can. To keep <command>/bin/sh</command> " +"small, we have not provided many of the convenience features that other " +"shells have. That is why other more featureful shells like <command>bash</" +"command>, <command>scsh</command>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcsh</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and <command>zsh</" +"command> are available. Compare the memory utilization of these shells by " +"looking at the <quote>VSZ</quote> and <quote>RSS</quote> columns in a " +"<command>ps -u</command> listing." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2564 +#: book.translate.xml:2533 msgid "How do I create audio CDs from my MIDI files?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2568 -msgid "To create audio CDs from MIDI files, first install <package>audio/timidity++</package> from ports then install manually the GUS patches set by Eric A. Welsh, available at <uri xlink:href=\"http://alleg.sourceforge.net/digmid.html\">http://alleg.sourceforge.net/digmid.html</uri>. After <application>TiMidity++</application> has been installed properly, MIDI files may be converted to WAV files with the following command line:" +#: book.translate.xml:2537 +msgid "" +"To create audio CDs from MIDI files, first install <package>audio/timidity+" +"+</package> from ports then install manually the GUS patches set by Eric A. " +"Welsh, available at <uri xlink:href=\"http://alleg.sourceforge.net/digmid." +"html\">http://alleg.sourceforge.net/digmid.html</uri>. After " +"<application>TiMidity++</application> has been installed properly, MIDI " +"files may be converted to WAV files with the following command line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:2576 +#: book.translate.xml:2545 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>timidity -Ow -s 44100 -o /tmp/juke/01.wav 01.mid</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2578 -msgid "The WAV files can then be converted to other formats or burned onto audio CDs, as described in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html\">FreeBSD Handbook</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:2547 +msgid "" +"The WAV files can then be converted to other formats or burned onto audio " +"CDs, as described in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html\">FreeBSD Handbook</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:2587 +#: book.translate.xml:2556 msgid "Kernel Configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2592 +#: book.translate.xml:2561 msgid "I would like to customize my kernel. Is it difficult?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2597 -msgid "Not at all! Check out the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig.html\">kernel config section of the Handbook</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:2566 +msgid "" +"Not at all! Check out the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig.html\">kernel config section of the " +"Handbook</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:2601 -msgid "The new <filename>kernel</filename> will be installed to the <filename>/boot/kernel</filename> directory along with its modules, while the old kernel and its modules will be moved to the <filename>/boot/kernel.old</filename> directory. If a mistake is made in the configuration, simply boot the previous version of the kernel." +#: book.translate.xml:2570 +msgid "" +"The new <filename>kernel</filename> will be installed to the <filename>/boot/" +"kernel</filename> directory along with its modules, while the old kernel and " +"its modules will be moved to the <filename>/boot/kernel.old</filename> " +"directory. If a mistake is made in the configuration, simply boot the " +"previous version of the kernel." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2615 +#: book.translate.xml:2584 msgid "Why is my kernel so big?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2619 -msgid "<literal>GENERIC</literal> kernels shipped with FreeBSD are compiled in <emphasis>debug mode</emphasis>. Kernels built in debug mode contain debug data in separate files that are used for debugging. FreeBSD releases prior to 11.0 store these debug files in the same directory as the kernel itself, <filename>/boot/kernel/</filename>. In FreeBSD 11.0 and later the debug files are stored in <filename>/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/</filename>. Note that there will be little or no performance loss from running a debug kernel, and it is useful to keep one around in case of a system panic." +#: book.translate.xml:2588 +msgid "" +"<literal>GENERIC</literal> kernels shipped with FreeBSD are compiled in " +"<emphasis>debug mode</emphasis>. Kernels built in debug mode contain debug " +"data in separate files that are used for debugging. FreeBSD releases prior " +"to 11.0 store these debug files in the same directory as the kernel itself, " +"<filename>/boot/kernel/</filename>. In FreeBSD 11.0 and later the debug " +"files are stored in <filename>/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/</filename>. Note " +"that there will be little or no performance loss from running a debug " +"kernel, and it is useful to keep one around in case of a system panic." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2632 -msgid "When running low on disk space, there are different options to reduce the size of <filename>/boot/kernel/</filename> and <filename>/usr/lib/debug/</filename>." +#: book.translate.xml:2601 +msgid "" +"When running low on disk space, there are different options to reduce the " +"size of <filename>/boot/kernel/</filename> and <filename>/usr/lib/debug/</" +"filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2637 -msgid "To not install the symbol files, make sure the following line exists in <filename>/etc/src.conf</filename>:" +#: book.translate.xml:2606 +msgid "" +"To not install the symbol files, make sure the following line exists in " +"<filename>/etc/src.conf</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:2641 +#: book.translate.xml:2610 #, no-wrap msgid "WITHOUT_KERNEL_SYMBOLS=yes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2643 -msgid "For more information see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>src.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:2612 +msgid "" +"For more information see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>src.conf</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2645 -msgid "If you want to avoid building debug files altogether, make sure that both of the following are true:" +#: book.translate.xml:2614 +msgid "" +"If you want to avoid building debug files altogether, make sure that both of " +"the following are true:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2650 +#: book.translate.xml:2619 msgid "This line does not exist in the kernel configuration file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:2653 +#: book.translate.xml:2622 #, no-wrap msgid "makeoptions DEBUG=-g" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2657 -msgid "Do not run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> with <option>-g</option>." +#: book.translate.xml:2626 +msgid "" +"Do not run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> with <option>-g</option>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2662 -msgid "Either of the above settings will cause the kernel to be built in debug mode." +#: book.translate.xml:2631 +msgid "" +"Either of the above settings will cause the kernel to be built in debug mode." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2665 -msgid "To build and install only the specified modules, list them in <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>:" +#: book.translate.xml:2634 +msgid "" +"To build and install only the specified modules, list them in <filename>/etc/" +"make.conf</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:2669 +#: book.translate.xml:2638 #, no-wrap msgid "MODULES_OVERRIDE= <replaceable>accf_http ipfw</replaceable>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2671 -msgid "Replace <emphasis>accf_httpd ipfw</emphasis> with a list of needed modules. Only the listed modules will be built. This reduces the size of the kernel directory and decreases the amount of time needed to build the kernel. For more information, read <filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</filename>." +#: book.translate.xml:2640 +msgid "" +"Replace <emphasis>accf_httpd ipfw</emphasis> with a list of needed modules. " +"Only the listed modules will be built. This reduces the size of the kernel " +"directory and decreases the amount of time needed to build the kernel. For " +"more information, read <filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</" +"filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2678 -msgid "Unneeded devices can be removed from the kernel to further reduce the size. See <xref linkend=\"make-kernel\"/> for more information." +#: book.translate.xml:2647 +msgid "" +"Unneeded devices can be removed from the kernel to further reduce the size. " +"See <xref linkend=\"make-kernel\"/> for more information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2681 -msgid "To put any of these options into effect, follow the instructions to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig-building.html\">build and install</link> the new kernel." +#: book.translate.xml:2650 +msgid "" +"To put any of these options into effect, follow the instructions to <link " +"xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" +"kernelconfig-building.html\">build and install</link> the new kernel." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2685 -msgid "For reference, the FreeBSD 11 amd64 kernel (<filename>/boot/kernel/kernel</filename>) is approximately 25 MB." +#: book.translate.xml:2654 +msgid "" +"For reference, the FreeBSD 11 amd64 kernel (<filename>/boot/kernel/kernel</" +"filename>) is approximately 25 MB." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2693 -msgid "Why does every kernel I try to build fail to compile, even <filename>GENERIC</filename>?" +#: book.translate.xml:2662 +msgid "" +"Why does every kernel I try to build fail to compile, even " +"<filename>GENERIC</filename>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2698 +#: book.translate.xml:2667 msgid "There are a number of possible causes for this problem:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2703 -msgid "The source tree is different from the one used to build the currently running system. When attempting an upgrade, read <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>, paying particular attention to the <quote>COMMON ITEMS</quote> section at the end." +#: book.translate.xml:2672 +msgid "" +"The source tree is different from the one used to build the currently " +"running system. When attempting an upgrade, read <filename>/usr/src/" +"UPDATING</filename>, paying particular attention to the <quote>COMMON ITEMS</" +"quote> section at the end." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2712 -msgid "The <command>make buildkernel</command> command did not complete successfully. The <command>make buildkernel</command> target relies on files generated by the <command>make buildworld</command> target to complete its job correctly." +#: book.translate.xml:2681 +msgid "" +"The <command>make buildkernel</command> did not complete successfully. The " +"<command>make buildkernel</command> target relies on files generated by the " +"<command>make buildworld</command> target to complete its job correctly." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2721 -msgid "Even when building <link linkend=\"stable\">FreeBSD-STABLE</link>, it is possible that the source tree was fetched at a time when it was either being modified or it was broken. Only releases are guaranteed to be buildable, although <link linkend=\"stable\">FreeBSD-STABLE</link> builds fine the majority of the time. Try re-fetching the source tree and see if the problem goes away. Try using a different mirror in case the previous one is having problems." +#: book.translate.xml:2689 +msgid "" +"Even when building <link linkend=\"stable\">FreeBSD-STABLE</link>, it is " +"possible that the source tree was fetched at a time when it was either being " +"modified or it was broken. Only releases are guaranteed to be buildable, " +"although <link linkend=\"stable\">FreeBSD-STABLE</link> builds fine the " +"majority of the time. Try re-fetching the source tree and see if the problem " +"goes away. Try using a different mirror in case the previous one is having " +"problems." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2737 +#: book.translate.xml:2705 msgid "Which scheduler is in use on a running system?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2742 -msgid "The name of the scheduler currently being used is directly available as the value of the <varname>kern.sched.name</varname> sysctl:" +#: book.translate.xml:2710 +msgid "" +"The name of the scheduler currently being used is directly available as the " +"value of the <varname>kern.sched.name</varname> sysctl:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:2746 +#: book.translate.xml:2714 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<prompt>%</prompt> sysctl <replaceable>kern.sched.name</replaceable>\n" @@ -2275,82 +3660,119 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2753 +#: book.translate.xml:2721 msgid "What is <varname>kern.sched.quantum</varname>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2757 -msgid "<varname>kern.sched.quantum</varname> is the maximum number of ticks a process can run without being preempted in the 4BSD scheduler." +#: book.translate.xml:2725 +msgid "" +"<varname>kern.sched.quantum</varname> is the maximum number of ticks a " +"process can run without being preempted in the 4BSD scheduler." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:2766 +#: book.translate.xml:2734 msgid "Disks, File Systems, and Boot Loaders" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2771 +#: book.translate.xml:2739 msgid "How can I add my new hard disk to my FreeBSD system?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2776 -msgid "See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks-adding.html\">Adding Disks</link> section in the FreeBSD Handbook." +#: book.translate.xml:2744 +msgid "" +"See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" +"handbook/disks-adding.html\">Adding Disks</link> section in the FreeBSD " +"Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2783 +#: book.translate.xml:2751 msgid "How do I move my system over to my huge new disk?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2788 -msgid "The best way is to reinstall the operating system on the new disk, then move the user data over. This is highly recommended when tracking <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> for more than one release or when updating a release instead of installing a new one. Install booteasy on both disks with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>boot0cfg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and dual boot until you are happy with the new configuration. Skip the next paragraph to find out how to move the data after doing this." +#: book.translate.xml:2756 +msgid "" +"The best way is to reinstall the operating system on the new disk, then move " +"the user data over. This is highly recommended when tracking <emphasis>-" +"STABLE</emphasis> for more than one release or when updating a release " +"instead of installing a new one. Install booteasy on both disks with " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>boot0cfg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> and dual boot until you are happy with the new " +"configuration. Skip the next paragraph to find out how to move the data " +"after doing this." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2798 -msgid "Alternatively, partition and label the new disk with either <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sade</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If the disks are MBR-formatted, booteasy can be installed on both disks with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>boot0cfg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> so that the computer can dual boot to the old or new system after the copying is done." +#: book.translate.xml:2766 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, partition and label the new disk with either " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sade</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If the disks are MBR-" +"formatted, booteasy can be installed on both disks with " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>boot0cfg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> so that the computer can dual boot to the old or " +"new system after the copying is done." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2804 -msgid "Once the new disk set up, the data cannot just be copied. Instead, use tools that understand device files and system flags, such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Although it is recommended to move the data while in single-user mode, it is not required." +#: book.translate.xml:2772 +msgid "" +"Once the new disk set up, the data cannot just be copied. Instead, use tools " +"that understand device files and system flags, such as " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>. Although it is recommended to move the data while in single-" +"user mode, it is not required." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2811 -msgid "When the disks are formatted with <acronym>UFS</acronym>, never use anything but <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>restore</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to move the root file system. These commands should also be used when moving a single partition to another empty partition. The sequence of steps to use <command>dump</command> to move the data from one <acronym>UFS</acronym> partitions to a new partition is:" +#: book.translate.xml:2779 +msgid "" +"When the disks are formatted with <acronym>UFS</acronym>, never use anything " +"but <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>restore</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to move the root file " +"system. These commands should also be used when moving a single partition to " +"another empty partition. The sequence of steps to use <command>dump</" +"command> to move the data from one <acronym>UFS</acronym> partitions to a " +"new partition is:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:2822 +#: book.translate.xml:2790 msgid "<command>newfs</command> the new partition." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:2826 +#: book.translate.xml:2794 msgid "<command>mount</command> it on a temporary mount point." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:2831 +#: book.translate.xml:2799 msgid "<command>cd</command> to that directory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:2835 -msgid "<command>dump</command> the old partition, piping output to the new one." +#: book.translate.xml:2803 +msgid "" +"<command>dump</command> the old partition, piping output to the new one." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2840 -msgid "For example, to move <filename>/dev/ada1s1a</filename> with <filename>/mnt</filename> as the temporary mount point, type:" +#: book.translate.xml:2808 +msgid "" +"For example, to move <filename>/dev/ada1s1a</filename> with <filename>/mnt</" +"filename> as the temporary mount point, type:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:2845 +#: book.translate.xml:2813 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>newfs /dev/ada1s1a</userinput>\n" @@ -2360,12 +3782,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2850 -msgid "Rearranging partitions with <command>dump</command> takes a bit more work. To merge a partition like <filename>/var</filename> into its parent, create the new partition large enough for both, move the parent partition as described above, then move the child partition into the empty directory that the first move created:" +#: book.translate.xml:2818 +msgid "" +"Rearranging partitions with <command>dump</command> takes a bit more work. " +"To merge a partition like <filename>/var</filename> into its parent, create " +"the new partition large enough for both, move the parent partition as " +"described above, then move the child partition into the empty directory that " +"the first move created:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:2858 +#: book.translate.xml:2826 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>newfs /dev/ada1s1a</userinput>\n" @@ -2377,12 +3804,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2865 -msgid "To split a directory from its parent, say putting <filename>/var</filename> on its own partition when it was not before, create both partitions, then mount the child partition on the appropriate directory in the temporary mount point, then move the old single partition:" +#: book.translate.xml:2833 +msgid "" +"To split a directory from its parent, say putting <filename>/var</filename> " +"on its own partition when it was not before, create both partitions, then " +"mount the child partition on the appropriate directory in the temporary " +"mount point, then move the old single partition:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:2871 +#: book.translate.xml:2839 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>newfs /dev/ada1s1a</userinput>\n" @@ -2395,159 +3826,235 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2879 -msgid "The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cpio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pax</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utilities are also available for moving user data. These are known to lose file flag information, so use them with caution." +#: book.translate.xml:2847 +msgid "" +"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cpio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pax</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utilities are also " +"available for moving user data. These are known to lose file flag " +"information, so use them with caution." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2887 -msgid "Which partitions can safely use Soft Updates? I have heard that Soft Updates on <filename>/</filename> can cause problems. What about Journaled Soft Updates?" +#: book.translate.xml:2855 +msgid "" +"Which partitions can safely use Soft Updates? I have heard that Soft Updates " +"on <filename>/</filename> can cause problems. What about Journaled Soft " +"Updates?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2893 -msgid "Short answer: Soft Updates can usually be safely used on all partitions." +#: book.translate.xml:2861 +msgid "" +"Short answer: Soft Updates can usually be safely used on all partitions." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2896 -msgid "Long answer: Soft Updates has two characteristics that may be undesirable on certain partitions. First, a Soft Updates partition has a small chance of losing data during a system crash. The partition will not be corrupted as the data will simply be lost. Second, Soft Updates can cause temporary space shortages." +#: book.translate.xml:2864 +msgid "" +"Long answer: Soft Updates has two characteristics that may be undesirable on " +"certain partitions. First, a Soft Updates partition has a small chance of " +"losing data during a system crash. The partition will not be corrupted as " +"the data will simply be lost. Second, Soft Updates can cause temporary space " +"shortages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2903 -msgid "When using Soft Updates, the kernel can take up to thirty seconds to write changes to the physical disk. When a large file is deleted the file still resides on disk until the kernel actually performs the deletion. This can cause a very simple race condition. Suppose one large file is deleted and another large file is immediately created. The first large file is not yet actually removed from the physical disk, so the disk might not have enough room for the second large file. This will produce an error that the partition does not have enough space, even though a large chunk of space has just been released. A few seconds later, the file creation works as expected." +#: book.translate.xml:2871 +msgid "" +"When using Soft Updates, the kernel can take up to thirty seconds to write " +"changes to the physical disk. When a large file is deleted the file still " +"resides on disk until the kernel actually performs the deletion. This can " +"cause a very simple race condition. Suppose one large file is deleted and " +"another large file is immediately created. The first large file is not yet " +"actually removed from the physical disk, so the disk might not have enough " +"room for the second large file. This will produce an error that the " +"partition does not have enough space, even though a large chunk of space has " +"just been released. A few seconds later, the file creation works as expected." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2917 -msgid "If a system should crash after the kernel accepts a chunk of data for writing to disk, but before that data is actually written out, data could be lost. This risk is extremely small, but generally manageable." +#: book.translate.xml:2885 +msgid "" +"If a system should crash after the kernel accepts a chunk of data for " +"writing to disk, but before that data is actually written out, data could be " +"lost. This risk is extremely small, but generally manageable." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2922 -msgid "These issues affect all partitions using Soft Updates. So, what does this mean for the root partition?" +#: book.translate.xml:2890 +msgid "" +"These issues affect all partitions using Soft Updates. So, what does this " +"mean for the root partition?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2925 -msgid "Vital information on the root partition changes very rarely. If the system crashed during the thirty-second window after such a change is made, it is possible that data could be lost. This risk is negligible for most applications, but be aware that it exists. If the system cannot tolerate this much risk, do not use Soft Updates on the root file system!" +#: book.translate.xml:2893 +msgid "" +"Vital information on the root partition changes very rarely. If the system " +"crashed during the thirty-second window after such a change is made, it is " +"possible that data could be lost. This risk is negligible for most " +"applications, but be aware that it exists. If the system cannot tolerate " +"this much risk, do not use Soft Updates on the root file system!" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2933 -msgid "<filename>/</filename> is traditionally one of the smallest partitions. If <filename>/tmp</filename> is on <filename>/</filename>, there may be intermittent space problems. Symlinking <filename>/tmp</filename> to <filename>/var/tmp</filename> will solve this problem." +#: book.translate.xml:2901 +msgid "" +"<filename>/</filename> is traditionally one of the smallest partitions. If " +"<filename>/tmp</filename> is on <filename>/</filename>, there may be " +"intermittent space problems. Symlinking <filename>/tmp</filename> to " +"<filename>/var/tmp</filename> will solve this problem." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2941 -msgid "Finally, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> does not work in live mode (-L) on a filesystem, with Journaled Soft Updates (<acronym>SU+J</acronym>)." +#: book.translate.xml:2909 +msgid "" +"Finally, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> does not work in live mode (-L) on a filesystem, " +"with Journaled Soft Updates (<acronym>SU+J</acronym>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:2949 +#: book.translate.xml:2917 msgid "Can I mount other foreign file systems under FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:2954 +#: book.translate.xml:2922 msgid "FreeBSD supports a variety of other file systems." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2958 +#: book.translate.xml:2926 msgid "UFS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2961 -msgid "UFS CD-ROMs can be mounted directly on FreeBSD. Mounting disk partitions from Digital UNIX and other systems that support UFS may be more complex, depending on the details of the disk partitioning for the operating system in question." +#: book.translate.xml:2929 +msgid "" +"UFS CD-ROMs can be mounted directly on FreeBSD. Mounting disk partitions " +"from Digital UNIX and other systems that support UFS may be more complex, " +"depending on the details of the disk partitioning for the operating system " +"in question." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2970 +#: book.translate.xml:2938 msgid "ext2/ext3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2973 -msgid "FreeBSD supports <literal>ext2fs</literal> and <literal>ext3fs</literal> partitions. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ext2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information." +#: book.translate.xml:2941 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD supports <literal>ext2fs</literal> and <literal>ext3fs</literal> " +"partitions. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ext2fs</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2980 +#: book.translate.xml:2948 msgid "NTFS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2983 -msgid "FUSE based NTFS support is available as a port (<package>sysutils/fusefs-ntfs</package>). For more information see <link xlink:href=\"http://www.tuxera.com/community/ntfs-3g-manual/\"><application>ntfs-3g</application></link>." +#: book.translate.xml:2951 +msgid "" +"FUSE based NTFS support is available as a port (<package>sysutils/fusefs-" +"ntfs</package>). For more information see <link xlink:href=\"http://www." +"tuxera.com/community/ntfs-3g-manual/\"><application>ntfs-3g</application></" +"link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2990 +#: book.translate.xml:2958 msgid "FAT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2993 -msgid "FreeBSD includes a read-write FAT driver. For more information, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount_msdosfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:2961 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD includes a read-write FAT driver. For more information, see " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount_msdosfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:2999 book.translate.xml:3429 +#: book.translate.xml:2967 book.translate.xml:3378 msgid "ZFS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3002 -msgid "FreeBSD includes a port of <trademark>Sun</trademark>'s ZFS driver. The current recommendation is to use it only on amd64 platforms with sufficient memory. For more information, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>zfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:2970 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD includes a port of <trademark>Sun</trademark>'s ZFS driver. The " +"current recommendation is to use it only on amd64 platforms with sufficient " +"memory. For more information, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>zfs</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3010 -msgid "FreeBSD includes the Network File System <acronym>NFS</acronym> and the FreeBSD Ports Collection provides several FUSE applications to support many other file systems." +#: book.translate.xml:2978 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD includes the Network File System <acronym>NFS</acronym> and the " +"FreeBSD Ports Collection provides several FUSE applications to support many " +"other file systems." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3019 +#: book.translate.xml:2987 msgid "How do I mount a secondary DOS partition?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3023 -msgid "The secondary DOS partitions are found after <emphasis>all</emphasis> the primary partitions. For example, if <literal>E</literal> is the second DOS partition on the second SCSI drive, there will be a device file for <quote>slice 5</quote> in <filename>/dev</filename>. To mount it:" +#: book.translate.xml:2991 +msgid "" +"The secondary DOS partitions are found after <emphasis>all</emphasis> the " +"primary partitions. For example, if <literal>E</literal> is the second DOS " +"partition on the second SCSI drive, there will be a device file for " +"<quote>slice 5</quote> in <filename>/dev</filename>. To mount it:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3030 +#: book.translate.xml:2998 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mount -t msdosfs /dev/da1s5 /dos/e</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3036 +#: book.translate.xml:3004 msgid "Is there a cryptographic file system for FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3040 -msgid "Yes, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gbde</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>geli</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks-encrypting.html\">Encrypting Disk Partitions</link> section of the FreeBSD Handbook." +#: book.translate.xml:3008 +msgid "" +"Yes, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gbde</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>geli</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. See the <link xlink:" +"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks-encrypting." +"html\">Encrypting Disk Partitions</link> section of the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3049 -msgid "How do I boot FreeBSD and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> using <application>GRUB</application>?" +#: book.translate.xml:3017 +msgid "" +"How do I boot FreeBSD and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> " +"using <application>GRUB</application>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3054 -msgid "To boot FreeBSD using <application>GRUB</application>, add the following to either <filename>/boot/grub/menu.lst</filename> or <filename>/boot/grub/grub.conf</filename>, depending upon which is used by the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> distribution." +#: book.translate.xml:3022 +msgid "" +"To boot FreeBSD using <application>GRUB</application>, add the following to " +"either <filename>/boot/grub/menu.lst</filename> or <filename>/boot/grub/grub." +"conf</filename>, depending upon which is used by the <trademark class=" +"\"registered\">Linux</trademark> distribution." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:3060 +#: book.translate.xml:3028 #, no-wrap msgid "" "title FreeBSD 9.1\n" @@ -2556,58 +4063,82 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3064 -msgid "Where <replaceable>hd0,a</replaceable> points to the root partition on the first disk. To specify the slice number, use something like this <replaceable>(hd0,2,a)</replaceable>. By default, if the slice number is omitted, <application>GRUB</application> searches the first slice which has the <literal>a</literal> partition." +#: book.translate.xml:3032 +msgid "" +"Where <replaceable>hd0,a</replaceable> points to the root partition on the " +"first disk. To specify the slice number, use something like this " +"<replaceable>(hd0,2,a)</replaceable>. By default, if the slice number is " +"omitted, <application>GRUB</application> searches the first slice which has " +"the <literal>a</literal> partition." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3076 -msgid "How do I boot FreeBSD and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> using <application>BootEasy?</application>" +#: book.translate.xml:3044 +msgid "" +"How do I boot FreeBSD and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> " +"using <application>BootEasy?</application>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3081 -msgid "Install LILO at the start of the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> boot partition instead of in the Master Boot Record. You can then boot LILO from <application>BootEasy</application>." +#: book.translate.xml:3049 +msgid "" +"Install LILO at the start of the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</" +"trademark> boot partition instead of in the Master Boot Record. You can then " +"boot LILO from <application>BootEasy</application>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3086 -msgid "This is recommended when running <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> as it makes it simpler to get <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> booting again if <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> is reinstalled." +#: book.translate.xml:3054 +msgid "" +"This is recommended when running <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</" +"trademark> and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> as it makes " +"it simpler to get <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> booting " +"again if <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> is reinstalled." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3094 -msgid "How do I change the boot prompt from <literal>???</literal> to something more meaningful?" +#: book.translate.xml:3062 +msgid "" +"How do I change the boot prompt from <literal>???</literal> to something " +"more meaningful?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3100 -msgid "This cannot be accomplished with the standard boot manager without rewriting it. There are a number of other boot managers in the <filename>sysutils</filename> category of the Ports Collection." +#: book.translate.xml:3068 +msgid "" +"This cannot be accomplished with the standard boot manager without rewriting " +"it. There are a number of other boot managers in the <filename>sysutils</" +"filename> category of the Ports Collection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3109 +#: book.translate.xml:3077 msgid "How do I use a new removable drive?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3113 +#: book.translate.xml:3081 msgid "If the drive already has a file system on it, use a command like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3116 +#: book.translate.xml:3084 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mount -t msdosfs /dev/da0s1 /mnt</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3118 -msgid "If the drive will only be used with FreeBSD systems, partition it with <acronym>UFS</acronym> or <acronym>ZFS</acronym>. This will provide long filename support, improvement in performance, and stability. If the drive will be used by other operating systems, a more portable choice, such as msdosfs, is better." +#: book.translate.xml:3086 +msgid "" +"If the drive will only be used with FreeBSD systems, partition it with " +"<acronym>UFS</acronym> or <acronym>ZFS</acronym>. This will provide long " +"filename support, improvement in performance, and stability. If the drive " +"will be used by other operating systems, a more portable choice, such as " +"msdosfs, is better." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3125 +#: book.translate.xml:3093 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da0 count=2</userinput>\n" @@ -2616,141 +4147,192 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3129 +#: book.translate.xml:3097 msgid "Finally, create a new file system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3131 +#: book.translate.xml:3099 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>newfs /dev/da0p1</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3133 +#: book.translate.xml:3101 msgid "and mount it:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3135 +#: book.translate.xml:3103 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mount /dev/da0s1 /mnt</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3137 -msgid "It is a good idea to add a line to <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) so you can just type <command>mount /mnt</command> in the future:" +#: book.translate.xml:3105 +msgid "" +"It is a good idea to add a line to <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> (see " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>) so you can just type <command>mount /mnt</command> in the " +"future:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:3142 +#: book.translate.xml:3110 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/da0p1 /mnt ufs rw,noauto 0 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3148 -msgid "Why do I get <errorname>Incorrect super block</errorname> when mounting a CD?" +#: book.translate.xml:3116 +msgid "" +"Why do I get <errorname>Incorrect super block</errorname> when mounting a CD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3153 -msgid "The type of device to mount must be specified. This is described in the Handbook section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd\">Using Data CDs</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:3121 +msgid "" +"The type of device to mount must be specified. This is described in the " +"Handbook section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/" +"books/handbook/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd\">Using Data CDs</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3161 -msgid "Why do I get <errorname>Device not configured</errorname> when mounting a CD?" +#: book.translate.xml:3129 +msgid "" +"Why do I get <errorname>Device not configured</errorname> when mounting a CD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3166 -msgid "This generally means that there is no CD in the drive, or the drive is not visible on the bus. Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd\">Using Data CDs</link> section of the Handbook for a detailed discussion of this issue." +#: book.translate.xml:3134 +msgid "" +"This generally means that there is no CD in the drive, or the drive is not " +"visible on the bus. Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd\">Using Data " +"CDs</link> section of the Handbook for a detailed discussion of this issue." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3176 -msgid "Why do all non-English characters in filenames show up as <quote>?</quote> on my CDs when mounted in FreeBSD?" +#: book.translate.xml:3144 +msgid "" +"Why do all non-English characters in filenames show up as <quote>?</quote> " +"on my CDs when mounted in FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3181 -msgid "The CD probably uses the <quote>Joliet</quote> extension for storing information about files and directories. This is discussed in the Handbook section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd\">Using Data CD-ROMs</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:3149 +msgid "" +"The CD probably uses the <quote>Joliet</quote> extension for storing " +"information about files and directories. This is discussed in the Handbook " +"section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" +"handbook/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd\">Using Data CD-ROMs</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3191 -msgid "A CD burned under FreeBSD cannot be read under any other operating system. Why?" +#: book.translate.xml:3159 +msgid "" +"A CD burned under FreeBSD cannot be read under any other operating system. " +"Why?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3196 -msgid "This means a raw file was burned to the CD, rather than creating an ISO 9660 file system. Take a look at the Handbook section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd\">Using Data <acronym>CD</acronym>s</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:3164 +msgid "" +"This means a raw file was burned to the CD, rather than creating an ISO 9660 " +"file system. Take a look at the Handbook section on <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds." +"html#mounting-cd\">Using Data <acronym>CD</acronym>s</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3205 +#: book.translate.xml:3173 msgid "How can I create an image of a data CD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3209 -msgid "This is discussed in the Handbook section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html#mkisofs\">Writing Data to an <acronym>ISO</acronym> File System</link>. For more on working with CD-ROMs, see the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html\">Creating CDs Section</link> in the Storage chapter in the Handbook." +#: book.translate.xml:3177 +msgid "" +"This is discussed in the Handbook section on <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds." +"html#mkisofs\">Writing Data to an <acronym>ISO</acronym> File System</link>. " +"For more on working with CD-ROMs, see the <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-cds.html" +"\">Creating CDs Section</link> in the Storage chapter in the Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3219 +#: book.translate.xml:3187 msgid "Why can I not <command>mount</command> an audio CD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3224 -msgid "Trying to mount an audio CD will produce an error like <errorname>cd9660: /dev/cd0: Invalid argument</errorname>. This is because <command>mount</command> only works on file systems. Audio CDs do not have file systems; they just have data. Instead, use a program that reads audio CDs, such as the <package>audio/xmcd</package> package or port." +#: book.translate.xml:3192 +msgid "" +"Trying to mount an audio CD will produce an error like <errorname>cd9660: /" +"dev/cd0: Invalid argument</errorname>. This is because <command>mount</" +"command> only works on file systems. Audio CDs do not have file systems; " +"they just have data. Instead, use a program that reads audio CDs, such as " +"the <package>audio/xmcd</package> package or port." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3236 +#: book.translate.xml:3204 msgid "How do I <command>mount</command> a multi-session CD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3241 -msgid "By default, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> will attempt to mount the last data track (session) of a CD. To load an earlier session, use the <option>-s</option> command line argument. Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount_cd9660</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for specific examples." +#: book.translate.xml:3209 +msgid "" +"By default, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> will attempt to mount the last data track " +"(session) of a CD. To load an earlier session, use the <option>-s</option> " +"command line argument. Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount_cd9660</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for specific examples." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3251 -msgid "How do I let ordinary users mount CD-ROMs, DVDs, USB drives, and other removable media?" +#: book.translate.xml:3219 +msgid "" +"How do I let ordinary users mount CD-ROMs, DVDs, USB drives, and other " +"removable media?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3256 -msgid "As <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> set the sysctl variable <varname>vfs.usermount</varname> to <literal>1</literal>." +#: book.translate.xml:3224 +msgid "" +"As <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> set the sysctl variable " +"<varname>vfs.usermount</varname> to <literal>1</literal>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3260 +#: book.translate.xml:3228 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sysctl vfs.usermount=1</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3262 -msgid "To make this persist across reboots, add the line <literal>vfs.usermount=1</literal> to <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> so that it is reset at system boot time." +#: book.translate.xml:3230 +msgid "" +"To make this persist across reboots, add the line <literal>vfs.usermount=1</" +"literal> to <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> so that it is reset at " +"system boot time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3267 -msgid "Users can only mount devices they have read permissions to. To allow users to mount a device permissions must be set in <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename>." +#: book.translate.xml:3235 +msgid "" +"Users can only mount devices they have read permissions to. To allow users " +"to mount a device permissions must be set in <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</" +"filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3272 +#: book.translate.xml:3240 msgid "For example, to allow users to mount the first USB drive add:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:3275 +#: book.translate.xml:3243 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Allow all users to mount a USB drive.\n" @@ -2759,12 +4341,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3279 -msgid "All users can now mount devices they could read onto a directory that they own:" +#: book.translate.xml:3247 +msgid "" +"All users can now mount devices they could read onto a directory that they " +"own:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3282 +#: book.translate.xml:3250 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>mkdir ~/my-mount-point</userinput>\n" @@ -2772,434 +4356,615 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3285 +#: book.translate.xml:3253 msgid "Unmounting the device is simple:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3287 +#: book.translate.xml:3255 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>umount ~/my-mount-point</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3289 -msgid "Enabling <varname>vfs.usermount</varname>, however, has negative security implications. A better way to access <trademark class=\"registered\">MS-DOS</trademark> formatted media is to use the <package>emulators/mtools</package> package in the Ports Collection." +#: book.translate.xml:3257 +msgid "" +"Enabling <varname>vfs.usermount</varname>, however, has negative security " +"implications. A better way to access <trademark class=\"registered\">MS-DOS</" +"trademark> formatted media is to use the <package>emulators/mtools</package> " +"package in the Ports Collection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:3296 -msgid "The device name used in the previous examples must be changed according to the configuration." +#: book.translate.xml:3264 +msgid "" +"The device name used in the previous examples must be changed according to " +"the configuration." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3304 -msgid "The <command>du</command> and <command>df</command> commands show different amounts of disk space available. What is going on?" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3310 -msgid "This is due to how these commands actually work. <command>du</command> goes through the directory tree, measures how large each file is, and presents the totals. <command>df</command> just asks the file system how much space it has left. They seem to be the same thing, but a file without a directory entry will affect <command>df</command> but not <command>du</command>." +#: book.translate.xml:3272 +msgid "" +"The <command>du</command> and <command>df</command> commands show different " +"amounts of disk space available. What is going on?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3319 -msgid "When a program is using a file, and the file is deleted, the file is not really removed from the file system until the program stops using it. The file is immediately deleted from the directory listing, however. As an example, consider a file large enough to affect the output of <command>du</command> and <command>df</command>. A file being viewed with <command>more</command> can be deleted wihout causing an error. The entry is removed from the directory so no other program or user can access it. However, <command>du</command> shows that it is gone as it has walked the directory tree and the file is not listed. <command>df</command> shows that it is still there, as the file system knows that <command>more</command> is still using that space. Once the <command>more</command> session ends, <command>du</command> and <command>df</command> will agree." +#: book.translate.xml:3278 +msgid "" +"This is due to how these commands actually work. <command>du</command> goes " +"through the directory tree, measures how large each file is, and presents " +"the totals. <command>df</command> just asks the file system how much space " +"it has left. They seem to be the same thing, but a file without a directory " +"entry will affect <command>df</command> but not <command>du</command>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3339 -msgid "This situation is common on web servers. Many people set up a FreeBSD web server and forget to rotate the log files. The access log fills up <filename>/var</filename>. The new administrator deletes the file, but the system still complains that the partition is full. Stopping and restarting the web server program would free the file, allowing the system to release the disk space. To prevent this from happening, set up <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newsyslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:3287 +msgid "" +"When a program is using a file, and the file is deleted, the file is not " +"really removed from the file system until the program stops using it. The " +"file is immediately deleted from the directory listing, however. As an " +"example, consider a file large enough to affect the output of <command>du</" +"command> and <command>df</command>. A file being viewed with <command>more</" +"command> can be deleted wihout causing an error. The entry is removed from " +"the directory so no other program or user can access it. However, " +"<command>du</command> shows that it is gone as it has walked the directory " +"tree and the file is not listed. <command>df</command> shows that it is " +"still there, as the file system knows that <command>more</command> is still " +"using that space. Once the <command>more</command> session ends, " +"<command>du</command> and <command>df</command> will agree." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:3307 +msgid "" +"This situation is common on web servers. Many people set up a FreeBSD web " +"server and forget to rotate the log files. The access log fills up " +"<filename>/var</filename>. The new administrator deletes the file, but the " +"system still complains that the partition is full. Stopping and restarting " +"the web server program would free the file, allowing the system to release " +"the disk space. To prevent this from happening, set up " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newsyslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3348 -msgid "Note that Soft Updates can delay the freeing of disk space and it can take up to 30 seconds for the change to be visible." +#: book.translate.xml:3316 +msgid "" +"Note that Soft Updates can delay the freeing of disk space and it can take " +"up to 30 seconds for the change to be visible." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3356 +#: book.translate.xml:3324 msgid "How can I add more swap space?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3360 -msgid "This section <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/adding-swap-space.html\">of the Handbook</link> describes how to do this." +#: book.translate.xml:3328 +msgid "" +"This section <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" +"handbook/adding-swap-space.html\">of the Handbook</link> describes how to do " +"this." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3367 -msgid "Why does FreeBSD see my disk as smaller than the manufacturer says it is?" +#: book.translate.xml:3335 +msgid "" +"Why does FreeBSD see my disk as smaller than the manufacturer says it is?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3372 -msgid "Disk manufacturers calculate gigabytes as a billion bytes each, whereas FreeBSD calculates them as 1,073,741,824 bytes each. This explains why, for example, FreeBSD's boot messages will report a disk that supposedly has 80 GB as holding 76,319 MB." +#: book.translate.xml:3340 +msgid "" +"Disk manufacturers calculate gigabytes as a billion bytes each, whereas " +"FreeBSD calculates them as 1,073,741,824 bytes each. This explains why, for " +"example, FreeBSD's boot messages will report a disk that supposedly has " +"80 GB as holding 76,319 MB." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3379 -msgid "Also note that FreeBSD will (by default) <link linkend=\"disk-more-than-full\">reserve</link> 8% of the disk space." +#: book.translate.xml:3347 +msgid "" +"Also note that FreeBSD will (by default) <link linkend=\"disk-more-than-full" +"\">reserve</link> 8% of the disk space." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3386 +#: book.translate.xml:3354 msgid "How is it possible for a partition to be more than 100% full?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3391 -msgid "A portion of each UFS partition (8%, by default) is reserved for use by the operating system and the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> user. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>df</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> does not count that space when calculating the <literal>Capacity</literal> column, so it can exceed 100%. Notice that the <literal>Blocks</literal> column is always greater than the sum of the <literal>Used</literal> and <literal>Avail</literal> columns, usually by a factor of 8%." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3401 -msgid "For more details, look up <option>-m</option> in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tunefs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3408 -msgid "Why does FreeBSD pause for a long time at boot when the system has large amounts of ram?" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3413 -msgid "FreeBSD 10.1 and earlier executes a memory test early in the boot process. When the system has a small amount of memory, the test takes a few seconds. Computers with tens or hundreds of gigabytes of memory can take several minutes to complete the test. The memory test can be disabled by adding <literal>hw.memtest.tests=0</literal> to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>." +#: book.translate.xml:3359 +msgid "" +"A portion of each UFS partition (8%, by default) is reserved for use by the " +"operating system and the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> " +"user. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>df</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> does not count that space when calculating the " +"<literal>Capacity</literal> column, so it can exceed 100%. Notice that the " +"<literal>Blocks</literal> column is always greater than the sum of the " +"<literal>Used</literal> and <literal>Avail</literal> columns, usually by a " +"factor of 8%." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3422 -msgid "For more details, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loader.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:3369 +msgid "" +"For more details, look up <option>-m</option> in " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tunefs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3434 +#: book.translate.xml:3383 msgid "What is the minimum amount of RAM one should have to run ZFS?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3439 -msgid "A minimum of 4GB of RAM is required for comfortable usage, but individual workloads can vary widely." +#: book.translate.xml:3388 +msgid "" +"A minimum of 4GB of RAM is required for comfortable usage, but individual " +"workloads can vary widely." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3446 +#: book.translate.xml:3395 msgid "What is the ZIL and when does it get used?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3450 -msgid "The <acronym>ZIL</acronym> (<acronym>ZFS</acronym> intent log) is a write log used to implement posix write commitment semantics across crashes. Normally writes are bundled up into transaction groups and written to disk when filled (<quote>Transaction Group Commit</quote>). However syscalls like <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsync</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> require a commitment that the data is written to stable storage before returning. The ZIL is needed for writes that have been acknowledged as written but which are not yet on disk as part of a transaction. The transaction groups are timestamped. In the event of a crash the last valid timestamp is found and missing data is merged in from the ZIL." +#: book.translate.xml:3399 +msgid "" +"The <acronym>ZIL</acronym> (<acronym>ZFS</acronym> intent log) is a write " +"log used to implement posix write commitment semantics across crashes. " +"Normally writes are bundled up into transaction groups and written to disk " +"when filled (<quote>Transaction Group Commit</quote>). However syscalls like " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsync</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> require a commitment that the data is written to stable " +"storage before returning. The ZIL is needed for writes that have been " +"acknowledged as written but which are not yet on disk as part of a " +"transaction. The transaction groups are timestamped. In the event of a crash " +"the last valid timestamp is found and missing data is merged in from the ZIL." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3468 +#: book.translate.xml:3417 msgid "Do I need a SSD for ZIL?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3472 -msgid "By default, ZFS stores the ZIL in the pool with all the data. If an application has a heavy write load, storing the ZIL in a separate device that has very fast synchronous, sequential write performance can improve overall system. For other workloads, a SSD is unlikely to make much of an improvement." +#: book.translate.xml:3421 +msgid "" +"By default, ZFS stores the ZIL in the pool with all the data. If an " +"application has a heavy write load, storing the ZIL in a separate device " +"that has very fast synchronous, sequential write performance can improve " +"overall system. For other workloads, a SSD is unlikely to make much of an " +"improvement." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3483 +#: book.translate.xml:3432 msgid "What is the L2ARC?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3487 -msgid "The <acronym>L2ARC</acronym> is a read cache stored on a fast device such as an <acronym>SSD</acronym>. This cache is not persistent across reboots. Note that RAM is used as the first layer of cache and the L2ARC is only needed if there is insufficient RAM." +#: book.translate.xml:3436 +msgid "" +"The <acronym>L2ARC</acronym> is a read cache stored on a fast device such as " +"an <acronym>SSD</acronym>. This cache is not persistent across reboots. Note " +"that RAM is used as the first layer of cache and the L2ARC is only needed if " +"there is insufficient RAM." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3493 -msgid "L2ARC needs space in the ARC to index it. So, perversely, a working set that fits perfectly in the ARC will not fit perfectly any more if a L2ARC is used because part of the ARC is holding the L2ARC index, pushing part of the working set into the L2ARC which is slower than RAM." +#: book.translate.xml:3442 +msgid "" +"L2ARC needs space in the ARC to index it. So, perversely, a working set that " +"fits perfectly in the ARC will not fit perfectly any more if a L2ARC is used " +"because part of the ARC is holding the L2ARC index, pushing part of the " +"working set into the L2ARC which is slower than RAM." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3504 +#: book.translate.xml:3453 msgid "Is enabling deduplication advisable?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3508 +#: book.translate.xml:3457 msgid "Generally speaking, no." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3510 -msgid "Deduplication takes up a significant amount of RAM and may slow down read and write disk access times. Unless one is storing data that is very heavily duplicated, such as virtual machine images or user backups, it is possible that deduplication will do more harm than good. Another consideration is the inability to revert deduplication status. If data is written when deduplication is enabled, disabling dedup will not cause those blocks which were deduplicated to be replicated until they are next modified." +#: book.translate.xml:3459 +msgid "" +"Deduplication takes up a significant amount of RAM and may slow down read " +"and write disk access times. Unless one is storing data that is very heavily " +"duplicated, such as virtual machine images or user backups, it is possible " +"that deduplication will do more harm than good. Another consideration is the " +"inability to revert deduplication status. If data is written when " +"deduplication is enabled, disabling dedup will not cause those blocks which " +"were deduplicated to be replicated until they are next modified." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3521 -msgid "Deduplication can also lead to some unexpected situations. In particular, deleting files may become much slower." +#: book.translate.xml:3470 +msgid "" +"Deduplication can also lead to some unexpected situations. In particular, " +"deleting files may become much slower." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3529 +#: book.translate.xml:3478 msgid "I cannot delete or create files on my ZFS pool. How can I fix this?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3534 -msgid "This could happen because the pool is 100% full. ZFS requires space on the disk to write transaction metadata. To restore the pool to a usable state, truncate the file to delete:" +#: book.translate.xml:3483 +msgid "" +"This could happen because the pool is 100% full. ZFS requires space on the " +"disk to write transaction metadata. To restore the pool to a usable state, " +"truncate the file to delete:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3539 +#: book.translate.xml:3488 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>truncate -s 0 unimportant-file</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3541 -msgid "File truncation works because a new transaction is not started, new spare blocks are created instead." +#: book.translate.xml:3490 +msgid "" +"File truncation works because a new transaction is not started, new spare " +"blocks are created instead." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:3546 -msgid "On systems with additional ZFS dataset tuning, such as deduplication, the space may not be immediately available" +#: book.translate.xml:3494 +msgid "" +"On systems with additional ZFS dataset tuning, such as deduplication, the " +"space may not be immediately available" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3555 +#: book.translate.xml:3503 msgid "Does ZFS support TRIM for Solid State Drives?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3559 -msgid "ZFS TRIM support was added to FreeBSD 10-CURRENT with revision r<revnumber>240868</revnumber>. ZFS TRIM support was added to all FreeBSD-STABLE branches in r<revnumber>252162</revnumber> and r<revnumber>251419</revnumber>, respectively." +#: book.translate.xml:3507 +msgid "" +"ZFS TRIM support was added to FreeBSD 10-CURRENT with revision " +"r<revnumber>240868</revnumber>. ZFS TRIM support was added to all FreeBSD-" +"STABLE branches in r<revnumber>252162</revnumber> and r<revnumber>251419</" +"revnumber>, respectively." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3565 -msgid "ZFS TRIM is enabled by default, and can be turned off by adding this line to <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:" +#: book.translate.xml:3513 +msgid "" +"ZFS TRIM is enabled by default, and can be turned off by adding this line to " +"<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:3569 +#: book.translate.xml:3517 #, no-wrap -msgid "vfs.zfs.trim_disable=1" +msgid "vfs.zfs.trim.enabled=0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:3572 -msgid "ZFS TRIM may not work with all configurations, such as a ZFS filesystem on a GELI-backed device." +#: book.translate.xml:3520 +msgid "" +"ZFS TRIM may not work with all configurations, such as a ZFS filesystem on a " +"GELI-backed device." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:3582 +#: book.translate.xml:3529 msgid "System Administration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3587 +#: book.translate.xml:3534 msgid "Where are the system start-up configuration files?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3592 -msgid "The primary configuration file is <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> which is described in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. System startup scripts such as <filename>/etc/rc</filename> and <filename>/etc/rc.d</filename>, which are described in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, include this file. <emphasis>Do not edit this file!</emphasis> Instead, to edit an entry in <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename>, copy the line into <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and change it there." +#: book.translate.xml:3539 +msgid "" +"The primary configuration file is <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> " +"which is described in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc.conf</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. System startup " +"scripts such as <filename>/etc/rc</filename> and <filename>/etc/rc.d</" +"filename>, which are described in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, include this file. " +"<emphasis>Do not edit this file!</emphasis> Instead, to edit an entry in " +"<filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename>, copy the line into <filename>/" +"etc/rc.conf</filename> and change it there." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3603 -msgid "For example, if to start <citerefentry><refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, the included DNS server:" +#: book.translate.xml:3550 +msgid "" +"For example, if to start <citerefentry><refentrytitle>named</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, the included DNS " +"server:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3606 +#: book.translate.xml:3553 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>echo 'named_enable=\"YES\"' >> /etc/rc.conf</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3608 -msgid "To start up local services, place shell scripts in the <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename> directory. These shell scripts should be set executable, the default file mode is <literal>555</literal>." +#: book.translate.xml:3555 +msgid "" +"To start up local services, place shell scripts in the <filename>/usr/local/" +"etc/rc.d</filename> directory. These shell scripts should be set executable, " +"the default file mode is <literal>555</literal>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3617 +#: book.translate.xml:3564 msgid "How do I add a user easily?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3621 -msgid "Use the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>adduser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command, or the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command for more complicated situations." +#: book.translate.xml:3568 +msgid "" +"Use the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>adduser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> command, or the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command for more " +"complicated situations." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3624 -msgid "To remove the user, use the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rmuser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command or, if necessary, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:3571 +msgid "" +"To remove the user, use the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rmuser</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command or, if " +"necessary, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3631 -msgid "Why do I keep getting messages like <errorname>root: not found</errorname> after editing <filename>/etc/crontab</filename>?" +#: book.translate.xml:3578 +msgid "" +"Why do I keep getting messages like <errorname>root: not found</errorname> " +"after editing <filename>/etc/crontab</filename>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3637 -msgid "This is normally caused by editing the system crontab. This is not the correct way to do things as the system crontab has a different format to the per-user crontabs. The system crontab has an extra field, specifying which user to run the command as. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> assumes this user is the first word of the command to execute. Since no such command exists, this error message is displayed." +#: book.translate.xml:3584 +msgid "" +"This is normally caused by editing the system crontab. This is not the " +"correct way to do things as the system crontab has a different format to the " +"per-user crontabs. The system crontab has an extra field, specifying which " +"user to run the command as. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> assumes this user is " +"the first word of the command to execute. Since no such command exists, this " +"error message is displayed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3646 +#: book.translate.xml:3593 msgid "To delete the extra, incorrect crontab:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3648 +#: book.translate.xml:3595 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>crontab -r</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3654 -msgid "Why do I get the error, <errorname>you are not in the correct group to su root</errorname> when I try to <command>su</command> to <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>?" +#: book.translate.xml:3601 +msgid "" +"Why do I get the error, <errorname>you are not in the correct group to su " +"root</errorname> when I try to <command>su</command> to <systemitem class=" +"\"username\">root</systemitem>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3660 -msgid "This is a security feature. In order to <command>su</command> to <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, or any other account with superuser privileges, the user account must be a member of the <systemitem class=\"groupname\">wheel</systemitem> group. If this feature were not there, anybody with an account on a system who also found out <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>'s password would be able to gain superuser level access to the system." +#: book.translate.xml:3607 +msgid "" +"This is a security feature. In order to <command>su</command> to <systemitem " +"class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, or any other account with superuser " +"privileges, the user account must be a member of the <systemitem class=" +"\"groupname\">wheel</systemitem> group. If this feature were not there, " +"anybody with an account on a system who also found out <systemitem class=" +"\"username\">root</systemitem>'s password would be able to gain superuser " +"level access to the system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3670 -msgid "To allow someone to <command>su</command> to <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, put them in the <systemitem class=\"groupname\">wheel</systemitem> group using <command>pw</command>:" +#: book.translate.xml:3617 +msgid "" +"To allow someone to <command>su</command> to <systemitem class=\"username" +"\">root</systemitem>, put them in the <systemitem class=\"groupname\">wheel</" +"systemitem> group using <command>pw</command>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3675 +#: book.translate.xml:3622 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pw groupmod wheel -m lisa</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3677 -msgid "The above example will add user <systemitem class=\"username\">lisa</systemitem> to the group <systemitem class=\"groupname\">wheel</systemitem>." +#: book.translate.xml:3624 +msgid "" +"The above example will add user <systemitem class=\"username\">lisa</" +"systemitem> to the group <systemitem class=\"groupname\">wheel</systemitem>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3684 -msgid "I made a mistake in <filename>rc.conf</filename>, or another startup file, and now I cannot edit it because the file system is read-only. What should I do?" +#: book.translate.xml:3631 +msgid "" +"I made a mistake in <filename>rc.conf</filename>, or another startup file, " +"and now I cannot edit it because the file system is read-only. What should I " +"do?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3690 -msgid "Restart the system using <userinput>boot -s</userinput> at the loader prompt to enter single-user mode. When prompted for a shell pathname, press <keycap>Enter</keycap> and run <command>mount -urw /</command> to re-mount the root file system in read/write mode. You may also need to run <command>mount -a -t ufs</command> to mount the file system where your favorite editor is defined. If that editor is on a network file system, either configure the network manually before mounting the network file systems, or use an editor which resides on a local file system, such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:3637 +msgid "" +"Restart the system using <userinput>boot -s</userinput> at the loader prompt " +"to enter single-user mode. When prompted for a shell pathname, press " +"<keycap>Enter</keycap> and run <command>mount -urw /</command> to re-mount " +"the root file system in read/write mode. You may also need to run " +"<command>mount -a -t ufs</command> to mount the file system where your " +"favorite editor is defined. If that editor is on a network file system, " +"either configure the network manually before mounting the network file " +"systems, or use an editor which resides on a local file system, such as " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3703 -msgid "In order to use a full screen editor such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry vendor=\"ports\"><refentrytitle>emacs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, run <command>export TERM=xterm</command> so that these editors can load the correct data from the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>termcap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> database." +#: book.translate.xml:3650 +msgid "" +"In order to use a full screen editor such as " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> or <citerefentry vendor=\"ports\"><refentrytitle>emacs</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, run <command>export " +"TERM=xterm</command> so that these editors can load the correct data from " +"the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>termcap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> database." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3709 -msgid "After performing these steps, edit <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> to fix the syntax error. The error message displayed immediately after the kernel boot messages should indicate the number of the line in the file which is at fault." +#: book.translate.xml:3656 +msgid "" +"After performing these steps, edit <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> to fix " +"the syntax error. The error message displayed immediately after the kernel " +"boot messages should indicate the number of the line in the file which is at " +"fault." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3720 +#: book.translate.xml:3667 msgid "Why am I having trouble setting up my printer?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3724 -msgid "See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/printing.html\">Handbook entry on printing</link> for troubleshooting tips." +#: book.translate.xml:3671 +msgid "" +"See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" +"handbook/printing.html\">Handbook entry on printing</link> for " +"troubleshooting tips." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3732 +#: book.translate.xml:3679 msgid "How can I correct the keyboard mappings for my system?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3737 -msgid "Refer to the Handbook section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/using-localization.html\">using localization</link>, specifically the section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/using-localization.html#setting-console\">console setup</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:3684 +msgid "" +"Refer to the Handbook section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/using-localization.html\">using localization</" +"link>, specifically the section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/using-localization.html#setting-console" +"\">console setup</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3745 +#: book.translate.xml:3692 msgid "Why can I not get user quotas to work properly?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3751 -msgid "It is possible that the kernel is not configured to use quotas. In this case, add the following line to the kernel configuration file and recompile the kernel:" +#: book.translate.xml:3698 +msgid "" +"It is possible that the kernel is not configured to use quotas. In this " +"case, add the following line to the kernel configuration file and recompile " +"the kernel:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:3756 +#: book.translate.xml:3703 #, no-wrap msgid "options QUOTA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3758 -msgid "Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/quotas.html\">Handbook entry on quotas</link> for full details." +#: book.translate.xml:3705 +msgid "" +"Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" +"handbook/quotas.html\">Handbook entry on quotas</link> for full details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3763 +#: book.translate.xml:3710 msgid "Do not turn on quotas on <filename>/</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3768 -msgid "Put the quota file on the file system that the quotas are to be enforced on:" +#: book.translate.xml:3715 +msgid "" +"Put the quota file on the file system that the quotas are to be enforced on:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:3775 +#: book.translate.xml:3722 msgid "File System" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:3777 +#: book.translate.xml:3724 msgid "Quota file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:3783 +#: book.translate.xml:3730 msgid "<filename>/usr</filename>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:3785 +#: book.translate.xml:3732 msgid "<filename>/usr/admin/quotas</filename>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:3789 +#: book.translate.xml:3736 msgid "<filename>/home</filename>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:3791 +#: book.translate.xml:3738 msgid "<filename>/home/admin/quotas</filename>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:3795 book.translate.xml:3797 +#: book.translate.xml:3742 book.translate.xml:3744 msgid "…" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3809 +#: book.translate.xml:3756 msgid "Does FreeBSD support System V IPC primitives?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3813 -msgid "Yes, FreeBSD supports System V-style IPC, including shared memory, messages and semaphores, in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel. With a custom kernel, support may be loaded with the <filename>sysvshm.ko</filename>, <filename>sysvsem.ko</filename> and <filename>sysvmsg.ko</filename> kernel modules, or enabled in the custom kernel by adding the following lines to the kernel configuration file:" +#: book.translate.xml:3760 +msgid "" +"Yes, FreeBSD supports System V-style IPC, including shared memory, messages " +"and semaphores, in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel. With a custom " +"kernel, support may be loaded with the <filename>sysvshm.ko</filename>, " +"<filename>sysvsem.ko</filename> and <filename>sysvmsg.ko</filename> kernel " +"modules, or enabled in the custom kernel by adding the following lines to " +"the kernel configuration file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:3823 +#: book.translate.xml:3770 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options SYSVSHM # enable shared memory\n" @@ -3208,126 +4973,190 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3827 +#: book.translate.xml:3774 msgid "Recompile and install the kernel." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3833 -msgid "What other mail-server software can I use instead of <application>Sendmail</application>?" +#: book.translate.xml:3780 +msgid "" +"What other mail-server software can I use instead of <application>Sendmail</" +"application>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3838 -msgid "The <link xlink:href=\"http://www.sendmail.org/\"><application>Sendmail</application></link> server is the default mail-server software for FreeBSD, but it can be replaced with another MTA installed from the Ports Collection. Available ports include <package>mail/exim</package>, <package>mail/postfix</package>, and <package>mail/qmail</package>. Search the mailing lists for discussions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the available MTAs." +#: book.translate.xml:3785 +msgid "" +"The <link xlink:href=\"http://www.sendmail.org/\"><application>Sendmail</" +"application></link> server is the default mail-server software for FreeBSD, " +"but it can be replaced with another MTA installed from the Ports Collection. " +"Available ports include <package>mail/exim</package>, <package>mail/postfix</" +"package>, and <package>mail/qmail</package>. Search the mailing lists for " +"discussions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the available MTAs." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3852 -msgid "I have forgotten the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> password! What do I do?" +#: book.translate.xml:3799 +msgid "" +"I have forgotten the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> " +"password! What do I do?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3857 -msgid "Do not panic! Restart the system, type <userinput>boot -s</userinput> at the <literal>Boot:</literal> prompt to enter single-user mode. At the question about the shell to use, hit <keycap>Enter</keycap> which will display a <prompt>#</prompt> prompt. Enter <command>mount -urw /</command> to remount the root file system read/write, then run <command>mount -a</command> to remount all the file systems. Run <command>passwd root</command> to change the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> password then run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>exit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to continue booting." +#: book.translate.xml:3804 +msgid "" +"Do not panic! Restart the system, type <userinput>boot -s</userinput> at the " +"<literal>Boot:</literal> prompt to enter single-user mode. At the question " +"about the shell to use, hit <keycap>Enter</keycap> which will display a " +"<prompt>#</prompt> prompt. Enter <command>mount -urw /</command> to remount " +"the root file system read/write, then run <command>mount -a</command> to " +"remount all the file systems. Run <command>passwd root</command> to change " +"the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> password then run " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> to continue booting." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:3870 -msgid "If you are still prompted to give the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> password when entering the single-user mode, it means that the console has been marked as <literal>insecure</literal> in <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. In this case, it will be required to boot from a FreeBSD installation disk, choose the <guimenuitem>Live CD</guimenuitem> or <guimenuitem>Shell</guimenuitem> at the beginning of the install process and issue the commands mentioned above. Mount the specific partition in this case and then chroot to it. For example, replace <command>mount -urw /</command> with <command>mount /dev/ada0p1 /mnt; chroot /mnt</command> for a system on <replaceable>ada0p1</replaceable>." +#: book.translate.xml:3817 +msgid "" +"If you are still prompted to give the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</" +"systemitem> password when entering the single-user mode, it means that the " +"console has been marked as <literal>insecure</literal> in <filename>/etc/" +"ttys</filename>. In this case, it will be required to boot from a FreeBSD " +"installation disk, choose the <guimenuitem>Live CD</guimenuitem> or " +"<guimenuitem>Shell</guimenuitem> at the beginning of the install process and " +"issue the commands mentioned above. Mount the specific partition in this " +"case and then chroot to it. For example, replace <command>mount -urw /</" +"command> with <command>mount /dev/ada0p1 /mnt; chroot /mnt</command> for a " +"system on <replaceable>ada0p1</replaceable>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:3887 -msgid "If the root partition cannot be mounted from single-user mode, it is possible that the partitions are encrypted and it is impossible to mount them without the access keys. For more information see the section about encrypted disks in the FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks-encrypting.html\">Handbook</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:3834 +msgid "" +"If the root partition cannot be mounted from single-user mode, it is " +"possible that the partitions are encrypted and it is impossible to mount " +"them without the access keys. For more information see the section about " +"encrypted disks in the FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks-encrypting.html\">Handbook</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3898 -msgid "How do I keep <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Control</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Delete</keycap></keycombo> from rebooting the system?" +#: book.translate.xml:3845 +msgid "" +"How do I keep <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Control</" +"keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Delete</keycap></keycombo> from rebooting " +"the system?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3903 -msgid "When using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, the default console driver, build and install a new kernel with this line in the configuration file:" +#: book.translate.xml:3850 +msgid "" +"When using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>, the default console driver, build and install a " +"new kernel with this line in the configuration file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:3907 +#: book.translate.xml:3854 #, no-wrap msgid "options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3909 -msgid "This can also be done by setting the following <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> which does not require a reboot or kernel recompile:" +#: book.translate.xml:3856 +msgid "" +"This can also be done by setting the following " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> which does not require a reboot or kernel recompile:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3913 +#: book.translate.xml:3860 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sysctl hw.syscons.kbd_reboot=0</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:3916 -msgid "The above two methods are exclusive: The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> does not exist if the kernel is compiled with <literal>SC_DISABLE_REBOOT</literal>." +#: book.translate.xml:3863 +msgid "" +"The above two methods are exclusive: The " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> does not exist if the kernel is compiled with " +"<literal>SC_DISABLE_REBOOT</literal>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3925 -msgid "How do I reformat DOS text files to <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> ones?" +#: book.translate.xml:3872 +msgid "" +"How do I reformat DOS text files to <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</" +"trademark> ones?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3930 -msgid "Use this <citerefentry><refentrytitle>perl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> command:" +#: book.translate.xml:3877 +msgid "" +"Use this <citerefentry><refentrytitle>perl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3932 +#: book.translate.xml:3879 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>perl -i.bak -npe 's/\\r\\n/\\n/g' file(s)</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3934 -msgid "where <replaceable>file(s)</replaceable> is one or more files to process. The modification is done in-place, with the original file stored with a <filename>.bak</filename> extension." +#: book.translate.xml:3881 +msgid "" +"where <replaceable>file(s)</replaceable> is one or more files to process. " +"The modification is done in-place, with the original file stored with a " +"<filename>.bak</filename> extension." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3939 -msgid "Alternatively, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>:" +#: book.translate.xml:3886 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tr</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3941 +#: book.translate.xml:3888 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>tr -d '\\r' < dos-text-file > unix-file</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3943 -msgid "<replaceable>dos-text-file</replaceable> is the file containing DOS text while <replaceable>unix-file</replaceable> will contain the converted output. This can be quite a bit faster than using <command>perl</command>." +#: book.translate.xml:3890 +msgid "" +"<replaceable>dos-text-file</replaceable> is the file containing DOS text " +"while <replaceable>unix-file</replaceable> will contain the converted " +"output. This can be quite a bit faster than using <command>perl</command>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3949 -msgid "Yet another way to reformat DOS text files is to use the <package>converters/dosunix</package> port from the Ports Collection. Consult its documentation about the details." +#: book.translate.xml:3896 +msgid "" +"Yet another way to reformat DOS text files is to use the <package>converters/" +"dosunix</package> port from the Ports Collection. Consult its documentation " +"about the details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3958 -msgid "How do I re-read <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and re-start <filename>/etc/rc</filename> without a reboot?" +#: book.translate.xml:3905 +msgid "" +"How do I re-read <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and re-start <filename>/" +"etc/rc</filename> without a reboot?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3964 +#: book.translate.xml:3911 msgid "Go into single-user mode and then back to multi-user mode:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3967 +#: book.translate.xml:3914 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>shutdown now</userinput>\n" @@ -3336,290 +5165,479 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:3975 -msgid "I tried to update my system to the latest <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>, but got <emphasis>-BETA<replaceable>x</replaceable></emphasis>, <emphasis>-RC</emphasis> or <emphasis>-PRERELEASE</emphasis>! What is going on?" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3984 -msgid "Short answer: it is just a name. <emphasis>RC</emphasis> stands for <quote>Release Candidate</quote>. It signifies that a release is imminent. In FreeBSD, <emphasis>-PRERELEASE</emphasis> is typically synonymous with the code freeze before a release. (For some releases, the <emphasis>-BETA</emphasis> label was used in the same way as <emphasis>-PRERELEASE</emphasis>.)" +#: book.translate.xml:3922 +msgid "" +"I tried to update my system to the latest <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>, but " +"got <emphasis>-BETA<replaceable>x</replaceable></emphasis>, <emphasis>-RC</" +"emphasis> or <emphasis>-PRERELEASE</emphasis>! What is going on?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:3993 -msgid "Long answer: FreeBSD derives its releases from one of two places. Major, dot-zero, releases, such as 9.0-RELEASE are branched from the head of the development stream, commonly referred to as <link linkend=\"current\">-CURRENT</link>. Minor releases, such as 6.3-RELEASE or 5.2-RELEASE, have been snapshots of the active <link linkend=\"stable\">-STABLE</link> branch. Starting with 4.3-RELEASE, each release also now has its own branch which can be tracked by people requiring an extremely conservative rate of development (typically only security advisories)." +#: book.translate.xml:3931 +msgid "" +"Short answer: it is just a name. <emphasis>RC</emphasis> stands for " +"<quote>Release Candidate</quote>. It signifies that a release is imminent. " +"In FreeBSD, <emphasis>-PRERELEASE</emphasis> is typically synonymous with " +"the code freeze before a release. (For some releases, the <emphasis>-BETA</" +"emphasis> label was used in the same way as <emphasis>-PRERELEASE</" +"emphasis>.)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4004 -msgid "When a release is about to be made, the branch from which it will be derived from has to undergo a certain process. Part of this process is a code freeze. When a code freeze is initiated, the name of the branch is changed to reflect that it is about to become a release. For example, if the branch used to be called 6.2-STABLE, its name will be changed to 6.3-PRERELEASE to signify the code freeze and signify that extra pre-release testing should be happening. Bug fixes can still be committed to be part of the release. When the source code is in shape for the release the name will be changed to 6.3-RC to signify that a release is about to be made from it. Once in the RC stage, only the most critical bugs found can be fixed. Once the release (6.3-RELEASE in this example) and release branch have been made, the branch will be renamed to 6.3-STABLE." +#: book.translate.xml:3940 +msgid "" +"Long answer: FreeBSD derives its releases from one of two places. Major, dot-" +"zero, releases, such as 9.0-RELEASE are branched from the head of the " +"development stream, commonly referred to as <link linkend=\"current\">-" +"CURRENT</link>. Minor releases, such as 6.3-RELEASE or 5.2-RELEASE, have " +"been snapshots of the active <link linkend=\"stable\">-STABLE</link> branch. " +"Starting with 4.3-RELEASE, each release also now has its own branch which " +"can be tracked by people requiring an extremely conservative rate of " +"development (typically only security advisories)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4021 -msgid "For more information on version numbers and the various Subversion branches, refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/article.html\">Release Engineering</link> article." +#: book.translate.xml:3951 +msgid "" +"When a release is about to be made, the branch from which it will be derived " +"from has to undergo a certain process. Part of this process is a code " +"freeze. When a code freeze is initiated, the name of the branch is changed " +"to reflect that it is about to become a release. For example, if the branch " +"used to be called 6.2-STABLE, its name will be changed to 6.3-PRERELEASE to " +"signify the code freeze and signify that extra pre-release testing should be " +"happening. Bug fixes can still be committed to be part of the release. When " +"the source code is in shape for the release the name will be changed to 6.3-" +"RC to signify that a release is about to be made from it. Once in the RC " +"stage, only the most critical bugs found can be fixed. Once the release (6.3-" +"RELEASE in this example) and release branch have been made, the branch will " +"be renamed to 6.3-STABLE." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:3968 +msgid "" +"For more information on version numbers and the various Subversion branches, " +"refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/" +"articles/releng/article.html\">Release Engineering</link> article." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4029 -msgid "I tried to install a new kernel, and the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chflags</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> failed. How do I get around this?" +#: book.translate.xml:3976 +msgid "" +"I tried to install a new kernel, and the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chflags</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> failed. How do I get around this?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4034 -msgid "Short answer: the security level is greater than 0. Reboot directly to single-user mode to install the kernel." +#: book.translate.xml:3981 +msgid "" +"Short answer: the security level is greater than 0. Reboot directly to " +"single-user mode to install the kernel." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4038 -msgid "Long answer: FreeBSD disallows changing system flags at security levels greater than 0. To check the current security level:" +#: book.translate.xml:3985 +msgid "" +"Long answer: FreeBSD disallows changing system flags at security levels " +"greater than 0. To check the current security level:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:4042 book.translate.xml:4071 +#: book.translate.xml:3989 book.translate.xml:4018 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sysctl kern.securelevel</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4044 -msgid "The security level cannot be lowered in multi-user mode, so boot to single-user mode to install the kernel, or change the security level in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> then reboot. See the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for details on <literal>securelevel</literal>, and see <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> and the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for more information on <filename>rc.conf</filename>." +#: book.translate.xml:3991 +msgid "" +"The security level cannot be lowered in multi-user mode, so boot to single-" +"user mode to install the kernel, or change the security level in <filename>/" +"etc/rc.conf</filename> then reboot. See the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> manual page for details on <literal>securelevel</literal>, and " +"see <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> and the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for more information on <filename>rc." +"conf</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4058 -msgid "I cannot change the time on my system by more than one second! How do I get around this?" +#: book.translate.xml:4005 +msgid "" +"I cannot change the time on my system by more than one second! How do I get " +"around this?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4063 -msgid "Short answer: the system is at a security level greater than 1. Reboot directly to single-user mode to change the date." +#: book.translate.xml:4010 +msgid "" +"Short answer: the system is at a security level greater than 1. Reboot " +"directly to single-user mode to change the date." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4067 -msgid "Long answer: FreeBSD disallows changing the time by more that one second at security levels greater than 1. To check the security level:" +#: book.translate.xml:4014 +msgid "" +"Long answer: FreeBSD disallows changing the time by more that one second at " +"security levels greater than 1. To check the security level:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4073 -msgid "The security level cannot be lowered in multi-user mode. Either boot to single-user mode to change the date or change the security level in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and reboot. See the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for details on <literal>securelevel</literal>, and see <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> and the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for more information on <filename>rc.conf</filename>." +#: book.translate.xml:4020 +msgid "" +"The security level cannot be lowered in multi-user mode. Either boot to " +"single-user mode to change the date or change the security level in " +"<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and reboot. See the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> manual page for details on <literal>securelevel</literal>, and " +"see <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> and the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page for more information on <filename>rc." +"conf</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4087 +#: book.translate.xml:4034 msgid "Why is <command>rpc.statd</command> using 256 MB of memory?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4092 -msgid "No, there is no memory leak, and it is not using 256 MB of memory. For convenience, <command>rpc.statd</command> maps an obscene amount of memory into its address space. There is nothing terribly wrong with this from a technical standpoint; it just throws off things like <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:4039 +msgid "" +"No, there is no memory leak, and it is not using 256 MB of memory. For " +"convenience, <command>rpc.statd</command> maps an obscene amount of memory " +"into its address space. There is nothing terribly wrong with this from a " +"technical standpoint; it just throws off things like " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4099 -msgid "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rpc.statd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> maps its status file (resident on <filename>/var</filename>) into its address space; to save worrying about remapping it later when it needs to grow, it maps it with a generous size. This is very evident from the source code, where one can see that the length argument to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> is <literal>0x10000000</literal>, or one sixteenth of the address space on an IA32, or exactly 256 MB." +#: book.translate.xml:4046 +msgid "" +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rpc.statd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> maps its status file (resident on <filename>/var</" +"filename>) into its address space; to save worrying about remapping the " +"status file later when it needs to grow, it maps the status file with a " +"generous size. This is very evident from the source code, where one can see " +"that the length argument to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mmap</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> is " +"<literal>0x10000000</literal>, or one sixteenth of the address space on an " +"IA32, or exactly 256 MB." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4112 +#: book.translate.xml:4059 msgid "Why can I not unset the <literal>schg</literal> file flag?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4117 -msgid "The system is running a securelevel greater than 0. Lower the securelevel and try again. For more information, see <link linkend=\"securelevel\">the <acronym>FAQ</acronym> entry on securelevel</link> and the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page." +#: book.translate.xml:4064 +msgid "" +"The system is running at securelevel greater than 0. Lower the securelevel " +"and try again. For more information, see <link linkend=\"securelevel\">the " +"<acronym>FAQ</acronym> entry on securelevel</link> and the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> manual page." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4127 +#: book.translate.xml:4074 msgid "What is <literal>vnlru</literal>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4131 -msgid "<literal>vnlru</literal> flushes and frees vnodes when the system hits the <varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname> limit. This kernel thread sits mostly idle, and only activates when there is a huge amount of RAM and users are accessing tens of thousands of tiny files." +#: book.translate.xml:4078 +msgid "" +"<literal>vnlru</literal> flushes and frees vnodes when the system hits the " +"<varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname> limit. This kernel thread sits mostly " +"idle, and only activates when there is a huge amount of RAM and users are " +"accessing tens of thousands of tiny files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4141 -msgid "What do the various memory states displayed by <command>top</command> mean?" +#: book.translate.xml:4088 +msgid "" +"What do the various memory states displayed by <command>top</command> mean?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4149 +#: book.translate.xml:4096 msgid "<literal>Active</literal>: pages recently statistically used." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4154 +#: book.translate.xml:4101 msgid "<literal>Inactive</literal>: pages recently statistically unused." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4159 -msgid "<literal>Cache</literal>: (most often) pages that have percolated from inactive to a status where they maintain their data, but can often be immediately reused (either with their old association, or reused with a new association). There can be certain immediate transitions from <literal>active</literal> to <literal>cache</literal> state if the page is known to be clean (unmodified), but that transition is a matter of policy, depending upon the algorithm choice of the VM system maintainer." +#: book.translate.xml:4106 +msgid "" +"<literal>Cache</literal>: (most often) pages that have percolated from " +"inactive to a status where they maintain their data, but can often be " +"immediately reused (either with their old association, or reused with a new " +"association). There can be certain immediate transitions from " +"<literal>active</literal> to <literal>cache</literal> state if the page is " +"known to be clean (unmodified), but that transition is a matter of policy, " +"depending upon the algorithm choice of the VM system maintainer." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4172 -msgid "<literal>Free</literal>: pages without data content, and can be immediately used in certain circumstances where cache pages might be ineligible. Free pages can be reused at interrupt or process state." +#: book.translate.xml:4119 +msgid "" +"<literal>Free</literal>: pages without data content, and can be immediately " +"used in certain circumstances where cache pages might be ineligible. Free " +"pages can be reused at interrupt or process state." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4180 -msgid "<literal>Wired</literal>: pages that are fixed into memory, usually for kernel purposes, but also sometimes for special use in processes." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4186 -msgid "Pages are most often written to disk (sort of a VM sync) when they are in the inactive state, but active pages can also be synced. This depends upon the CPU tracking of the modified bit being available, and in certain situations there can be an advantage for a block of VM pages to be synced, whether they are active or inactive. In most common cases, it is best to think of the inactive queue to be a queue of relatively unused pages that might or might not be in the process of being written to disk. Cached pages are already synced, not mapped, but available for immediate process use with their old association or with a new association. Free pages are available at interrupt level, but cached or free pages can be used at process state for reuse. Cache pages are not adequately locked to be available at interrupt level." +#: book.translate.xml:4127 +msgid "" +"<literal>Wired</literal>: pages that are fixed into memory, usually for " +"kernel purposes, but also sometimes for special use in processes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4203 -msgid "There are some other flags (e.g., busy flag or busy count) that might modify some of the described rules." +#: book.translate.xml:4133 +msgid "" +"Pages are most often written to disk (sort of a VM sync) when they are in " +"the inactive state, but active pages can also be synced. This depends upon " +"the CPU tracking of the modified bit being available, and in certain " +"situations there can be an advantage for a block of VM pages to be synced, " +"whether they are active or inactive. In most common cases, it is best to " +"think of the inactive queue to be a queue of relatively unused pages that " +"might or might not be in the process of being written to disk. Cached pages " +"are already synced, not mapped, but available for immediate process use with " +"their old association or with a new association. Free pages are available at " +"interrupt level, but cached or free pages can be used at process state for " +"reuse. Cache pages are not adequately locked to be available at interrupt " +"level." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:4150 +msgid "" +"There are some other flags (e.g., busy flag or busy count) that might modify " +"some of the described rules." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4211 +#: book.translate.xml:4158 msgid "How much free memory is available?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4216 -msgid "There are a couple of kinds of <quote>free memory</quote>. One kind is the amount of memory immediately available without paging anything else out. That is approximately the size of cache queue + size of free queue (with a derating factor, depending upon system tuning). Another kind of <quote>free memory</quote> is the total amount of <acronym>VM</acronym> space. That can be complex, but is dependent upon the amount of swap space and memory. Other kinds of <quote>free memory</quote> descriptions are also possible, but it is relatively useless to define these, but rather it is important to make sure that the paging rate is kept low, and to avoid running out of swap space." +#: book.translate.xml:4163 +msgid "" +"There are a couple of kinds of <quote>free memory</quote>. One kind is the " +"amount of memory immediately available without paging anything else out. " +"That is approximately the size of cache queue + size of free queue (with a " +"derating factor, depending upon system tuning). Another kind of <quote>free " +"memory</quote> is the total amount of <acronym>VM</acronym> space. That can " +"be complex, but is dependent upon the amount of swap space and memory. Other " +"kinds of <quote>free memory</quote> descriptions are also possible, but it " +"is relatively useless to define these, but rather it is important to make " +"sure that the paging rate is kept low, and to avoid running out of swap " +"space." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4234 +#: book.translate.xml:4181 msgid "What is <filename>/var/empty</filename>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4238 -msgid "<filename>/var/empty</filename> is a directory that the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> program uses when performing privilege separation. The <filename>/var/empty</filename> directory is empty, owned by <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> and has the <literal>schg</literal> flag set. This directory should not be deleted." +#: book.translate.xml:4185 +msgid "" +"<filename>/var/empty</filename> is a directory that the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> program uses when performing privilege separation. The " +"<filename>/var/empty</filename> directory is empty, owned by <systemitem " +"class=\"username\">root</systemitem> and has the <literal>schg</literal> " +"flag set. This directory should not be deleted." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4249 -msgid "I just changed <filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf</filename>. How can I check if it does what I expect?" +#: book.translate.xml:4196 +msgid "" +"I just changed <filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf</filename>. How can I check if " +"it does what I expect?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4255 -msgid "To see what <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newsyslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> will do, use the following:" +#: book.translate.xml:4202 +msgid "" +"To see what <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newsyslog</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> will do, use the " +"following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:4258 +#: book.translate.xml:4205 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>newsyslog -nrvv</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4264 +#: book.translate.xml:4211 msgid "My time is wrong, how can I change the timezone?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4269 -msgid "Use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tzsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:4216 +msgid "" +"Use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tzsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:4276 +#: book.translate.xml:4223 msgid "The X Window System and Virtual Consoles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4281 +#: book.translate.xml:4228 msgid "What is the X Window System?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4285 -msgid "The X Window System (commonly <literal>X11</literal>) is the most widely available windowing system capable of running on <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> or <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> like systems, including FreeBSD. <link xlink:href=\"http://www.x.org/wiki/\">The X.Org Foundation</link> administers the <link xlink:href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System_core_protocol\">X protocol standards</link>, with the current reference implementation, version 11 release 7.7, so references are often shortened to <literal>X11</literal>." +#: book.translate.xml:4232 +msgid "" +"The X Window System (commonly <literal>X11</literal>) is the most widely " +"available windowing system capable of running on <trademark class=" +"\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> or <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</" +"trademark> like systems, including FreeBSD. <link xlink:href=\"http://www.x." +"org/wiki/\">The X.Org Foundation</link> administers the <link xlink:href=" +"\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System_core_protocol\">X protocol " +"standards</link>, with the current reference implementation, version 11 " +"release 7.7, so references are often shortened to <literal>X11</literal>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4295 -msgid "Many implementations are available for different architectures and operating systems. An implementation of the server-side code is properly known as an <literal>X server</literal>." +#: book.translate.xml:4242 +msgid "" +"Many implementations are available for different architectures and operating " +"systems. An implementation of the server-side code is properly known as an " +"<literal>X server</literal>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4304 +#: book.translate.xml:4251 msgid "I want to run Xorg, how do I go about it?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4308 +#: book.translate.xml:4255 msgid "To install Xorg do one of the following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4310 -msgid "Use the <package>x11/xorg</package> meta-port, which builds and installs every Xorg component." +#: book.translate.xml:4257 +msgid "" +"Use the <package>x11/xorg</package> meta-port, which builds and installs " +"every Xorg component." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4314 -msgid "Use <package>x11/xorg-minimal</package>, which builds and installs only the necessary Xorg components." +#: book.translate.xml:4261 +msgid "" +"Use <package>x11/xorg-minimal</package>, which builds and installs only the " +"necessary Xorg components." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4317 +#: book.translate.xml:4264 msgid "Install Xorg from FreeBSD packages:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:4319 +#: book.translate.xml:4266 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput><prompt>#</prompt> pkg install xorg</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4321 -msgid "After the installation of Xorg, follow the instructions from the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x-config.html\">X11 Configuration</link> section of the FreeBSD Handbook." +#: book.translate.xml:4268 +msgid "" +"After the installation of Xorg, follow the instructions from the <link xlink:" +"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x-config.html" +"\">X11 Configuration</link> section of the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4330 -msgid "I <emphasis>tried</emphasis> to run X, but I get a <errorname>No devices detected.</errorname> error when I type <command>startx</command>. What do I do now?" +#: book.translate.xml:4277 +msgid "" +"I <emphasis>tried</emphasis> to run X, but I get a <errorname>No devices " +"detected.</errorname> error when I type <command>startx</command>. What do I " +"do now?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4336 -msgid "The system is probably running at a raised <literal>securelevel</literal>. It is not possible to start X at a raised <literal>securelevel</literal> because X requires write access to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>io</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For more information, see at the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page." +#: book.translate.xml:4283 +msgid "" +"The system is probably running at a raised <literal>securelevel</literal>. " +"It is not possible to start X at a raised <literal>securelevel</literal> " +"because X requires write access to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>io</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For more information, " +"see at the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4342 -msgid "There are two solutions to the problem: set the <literal>securelevel</literal> back down to zero or run <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> (or an alternative display manager) at boot time before the <literal>securelevel</literal> is raised." +#: book.translate.xml:4289 +msgid "" +"There are two solutions to the problem: set the <literal>securelevel</" +"literal> back down to zero or run <citerefentry vendor=" +"\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> (or an alternative display manager) at boot time before the " +"<literal>securelevel</literal> is raised." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4348 -msgid "See <xref linkend=\"xdm-boot\"/> for more information about running <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> at boot time." +#: book.translate.xml:4295 +msgid "" +"See <xref linkend=\"xdm-boot\"/> for more information about running " +"<citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> at boot time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4355 +#: book.translate.xml:4302 msgid "Why does my mouse not work with X?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4359 -msgid "When using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, the default console driver, FreeBSD can be configured to support a mouse pointer on each virtual screen. To avoid conflicting with X, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> supports a virtual device called <filename>/dev/sysmouse</filename>. All mouse events received from the real mouse device are written to the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysmouse</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> device via <citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. To use the mouse on one or more virtual consoles, <emphasis>and</emphasis> use X, see <xref linkend=\"moused\" remap=\"another section\"/> and set up <citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:4306 +msgid "" +"When using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>, the default console driver, FreeBSD can be " +"configured to support a mouse pointer on each virtual screen. To avoid " +"conflicting with X, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> supports a virtual " +"device called <filename>/dev/sysmouse</filename>. All mouse events received " +"from the real mouse device are written to the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysmouse</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> device via <citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. To use the mouse on " +"one or more virtual consoles, <emphasis>and</emphasis> use X, see <xref " +"linkend=\"moused\" remap=\"another section\"/> and set up " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>moused</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4370 -msgid "Then edit <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> and make sure the following lines exist:" +#: book.translate.xml:4317 +msgid "" +"Then edit <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> and make sure the " +"following lines exist:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:4373 +#: book.translate.xml:4320 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"InputDevice\"\n" @@ -3629,50 +5647,69 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4378 -msgid "Starting with Xorg version 7.4, the <literal>InputDevice</literal> sections in <filename>xorg.conf</filename> are ignored in favor of autodetected devices. To restore the old behavior, add the following line to the <literal>ServerLayout</literal> or <literal>ServerFlags</literal> section:" +#: book.translate.xml:4325 +msgid "" +"Starting with Xorg version 7.4, the <literal>InputDevice</literal> sections " +"in <filename>xorg.conf</filename> are ignored in favor of autodetected " +"devices. To restore the old behavior, add the following line to the " +"<literal>ServerLayout</literal> or <literal>ServerFlags</literal> section:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:4385 +#: book.translate.xml:4332 #, no-wrap msgid "Option \"AutoAddDevices\" \"false\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4387 -msgid "Some people prefer to use <filename>/dev/mouse</filename> under X. To make this work, <filename>/dev/mouse</filename> should be linked to <filename>/dev/sysmouse</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysmouse</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>) by adding the following line to <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>devfs.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>):" +#: book.translate.xml:4334 +msgid "" +"Some people prefer to use <filename>/dev/mouse</filename> under X. To make " +"this work, <filename>/dev/mouse</filename> should be linked to <filename>/" +"dev/sysmouse</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysmouse</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>) by adding the " +"following line to <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename> (see " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>devfs.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>):" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:4395 +#: book.translate.xml:4342 #, no-wrap msgid "link sysmouse mouse" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4397 -msgid "This link can be created by restarting <citerefentry vendor=\"current\"><refentrytitle>devfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> with the following command (as <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>):" +#: book.translate.xml:4344 +msgid "" +"This link can be created by restarting <citerefentry vendor=\"current" +"\"><refentrytitle>devfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> with the following command (as <systemitem class=\"username" +"\">root</systemitem>):" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:4400 +#: book.translate.xml:4347 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service devfs restart</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4406 +#: book.translate.xml:4353 msgid "My mouse has a fancy wheel. Can I use it in X?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4410 -msgid "Yes, if X is configured for a 5 button mouse. To do this, add the lines <literal>Buttons 5</literal> and <literal>ZAxisMapping 4 5</literal> to the <quote>InputDevice</quote> section of <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>, as seen in this example:" +#: book.translate.xml:4357 +msgid "" +"Yes, if X is configured for a 5 button mouse. To do this, add the lines " +"<literal>Buttons 5</literal> and <literal>ZAxisMapping 4 5</literal> to the " +"<quote>InputDevice</quote> section of <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</" +"filename>, as seen in this example:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:4417 +#: book.translate.xml:4364 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"InputDevice\"\n" @@ -3686,12 +5723,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4426 -msgid "To use the mouse in <application>Emacs</application>, also add the following lines to<filename>~/.emacs</filename>:" +#: book.translate.xml:4373 +msgid "" +"The mouse can be enabled in <application>Emacs</application>by adding these " +"lines to <filename>~/.emacs</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:4430 +#: book.translate.xml:4377 #, no-wrap msgid "" ";; wheel mouse\n" @@ -3700,38 +5739,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4438 +#: book.translate.xml:4385 msgid "My laptop has a Synaptics touchpad. Can I use it in X?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4443 +#: book.translate.xml:4390 msgid "Yes, after configuring a few things to make it work." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4446 -msgid "In order to use the Xorg synaptics driver, first remove <literal>moused_enable</literal> from <filename>rc.conf</filename>." +#: book.translate.xml:4393 +msgid "" +"In order to use the Xorg synaptics driver, first remove " +"<literal>moused_enable</literal> from <filename>rc.conf</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4450 -msgid "To enable synaptics, add the following line to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:" +#: book.translate.xml:4397 +msgid "" +"To enable synaptics, add the following line to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</" +"filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:4453 +#: book.translate.xml:4400 #, no-wrap msgid "hw.psm.synaptics_support=\"1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4455 +#: book.translate.xml:4402 msgid "Add the following to <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:4458 +#: book.translate.xml:4405 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"InputDevice\"\n" @@ -3743,69 +5786,97 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4465 -msgid "And be sure to add the following into the <quote>ServerLayout</quote> section:" +#: book.translate.xml:4412 +msgid "" +"And be sure to add the following into the <quote>ServerLayout</quote> " +"section:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:4468 +#: book.translate.xml:4415 #, no-wrap msgid "InputDevice \"Touchpad0\" \"SendCoreEvents\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4474 +#: book.translate.xml:4421 msgid "How do I use remote X displays?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4478 -msgid "For security reasons, the default setting is to not allow a machine to remotely open a window." +#: book.translate.xml:4425 +msgid "" +"For security reasons, the default setting is to not allow a machine to " +"remotely open a window." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4481 -msgid "To enable this feature, start <application>X</application> with the optional <option>-listen_tcp</option> argument:" +#: book.translate.xml:4428 +msgid "" +"To enable this feature, start <application>X</application> with the optional " +"<option>-listen_tcp</option> argument:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:4485 +#: book.translate.xml:4432 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>startx -listen_tcp</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4491 +#: book.translate.xml:4438 msgid "What is a virtual console and how do I make more?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4496 -msgid "Virtual consoles provide several simultaneous sessions on the same machine without doing anything complicated like setting up a network or running X." +#: book.translate.xml:4443 +msgid "" +"Virtual consoles provide several simultaneous sessions on the same machine " +"without doing anything complicated like setting up a network or running X." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4501 -msgid "When the system starts, it will display a login prompt on the monitor after displaying all the boot messages. Type in your login name and password to start working on the first virtual console." +#: book.translate.xml:4448 +msgid "" +"When the system starts, it will display a login prompt on the monitor after " +"displaying all the boot messages. Type in your login name and password to " +"start working on the first virtual console." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4507 -msgid "To start another session, perhaps to look at documentation for a program or to read mail while waiting for an FTP transfer to finish, hold down <keycap>Alt</keycap> and press <keycap>F2</keycap>. This will display the login prompt for the second virtual console. To go back to the original session, press <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>." +#: book.translate.xml:4454 +msgid "" +"To start another session, perhaps to look at documentation for a program or " +"to read mail while waiting for an FTP transfer to finish, hold down " +"<keycap>Alt</keycap> and press <keycap>F2</keycap>. This will display the " +"login prompt for the second virtual console. To go back to the original " +"session, press <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</" +"keycap></keycombo>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4517 -msgid "The default FreeBSD installation has eight virtual consoles enabled. <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>, <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo>, <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F3</keycap></keycombo>, and so on will switch between these virtual consoles." +#: book.translate.xml:4464 +msgid "" +"The default FreeBSD installation has eight virtual consoles enabled. " +"<keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></" +"keycombo>, <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</" +"keycap></keycombo>, <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</" +"keycap><keycap>F3</keycap></keycombo>, and so on will switch between these " +"virtual consoles." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4524 -msgid "To enable more of virtual consoles, edit <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ttys</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) and add entries for <filename>ttyv8</filename> to <filename>ttyvc</filename>, after the comment on <quote>Virtual terminals</quote>:" +#: book.translate.xml:4471 +msgid "" +"To enable more of virtual consoles, edit <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> (see " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ttys</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>) and add entries for <filename>ttyv8</filename> to " +"<filename>ttyvc</filename>, after the comment on <quote>Virtual terminals</" +"quote>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:4530 +#: book.translate.xml:4477 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Edit the existing entry for ttyv8 in /etc/ttys and change\n" @@ -3817,223 +5888,329 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4537 -msgid "The more virtual terminals, the more resources that are used. This can be problematic on systems with 8 MB RAM or less. Consider changing <literal>secure</literal> to <literal>insecure</literal>." +#: book.translate.xml:4484 +msgid "" +"The more virtual terminals, the more resources that are used. This can be " +"problematic on systems with 8 MB RAM or less. Consider changing " +"<literal>secure</literal> to <literal>insecure</literal>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:4544 -msgid "In order to run an X server, at least one virtual terminal must be left to <literal>off</literal> for it to use. This means that only eleven of the Alt-function keys can be used as virtual consoles so that one is left for the X server." +#: book.translate.xml:4491 +msgid "" +"In order to run an X server, at least one virtual terminal must be left to " +"<literal>off</literal> for it to use. This means that only eleven of the Alt-" +"function keys can be used as virtual consoles so that one is left for the X " +"server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4551 -msgid "For example, to run X and eleven virtual consoles, the setting for virtual terminal 12 should be:" +#: book.translate.xml:4498 +msgid "" +"For example, to run X and eleven virtual consoles, the setting for virtual " +"terminal 12 should be:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:4554 +#: book.translate.xml:4501 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyvb \"/usr/libexec/getty Pc\" xterm off secure" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4556 +#: book.translate.xml:4503 msgid "The easiest way to activate the virtual consoles is to reboot." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4563 +#: book.translate.xml:4510 msgid "How do I access the virtual consoles from X?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4567 -msgid "Use <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap></keycombo> to switch back to a virtual console. Press <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo> to return to the first virtual console." +#: book.translate.xml:4514 +msgid "" +"Use <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</" +"keycap><keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap></keycombo> to switch " +"back to a virtual console. Press <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</" +"keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo> to return to the " +"first virtual console." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4571 -msgid "Once at a text console, use <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap></keycombo> to move between them." +#: book.translate.xml:4518 +msgid "" +"Once at a text console, use <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</" +"keycap><keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap></keycombo> to move " +"between them." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4575 -msgid "To return to the X session, switch to the virtual console running X. If X was started from the command line using <command>startx</command>, the X session will attach to the next unused virtual console, not the text console from which it was invoked. For eight active virtual terminals, X will run on the ninth, so use <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F9</keycap></keycombo>." +#: book.translate.xml:4522 +msgid "" +"To return to the X session, switch to the virtual console running X. If X " +"was started from the command line using <command>startx</command>, the X " +"session will attach to the next unused virtual console, not the text console " +"from which it was invoked. For eight active virtual terminals, X will run on " +"the ninth, so use <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F9</" +"keycap></keycombo>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4587 +#: book.translate.xml:4534 msgid "How do I start <application>XDM</application> on boot?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4592 -msgid "There are two schools of thought on how to start <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. One school starts <command>xdm</command> from <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ttys</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) using the supplied example, while the other runs <command>xdm</command> from <filename>rc.local</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>) or from an <filename>X</filename> script in <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename>. Both are equally valid, and one may work in situations where the other does not. In both cases the result is the same: X will pop up a graphical login prompt." +#: book.translate.xml:4539 +msgid "" +"There are two schools of thought on how to start <citerefentry vendor=" +"\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>. One school starts <command>xdm</command> from <filename>/etc/" +"ttys</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ttys</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) using the supplied " +"example, while the other runs <command>xdm</command> from <filename>rc." +"local</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>) or from an " +"<filename>X</filename> script in <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename>. " +"Both are equally valid, and one may work in situations where the other does " +"not. In both cases the result is the same: X will pop up a graphical login " +"prompt." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4604 -msgid "The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ttys</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> method has the advantage of documenting which vty X will start on and passing the responsibility of restarting the X server on logout to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> method makes it easy to <command>kill</command> <command>xdm</command> if there is a problem starting the X server." +#: book.translate.xml:4551 +msgid "" +"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ttys</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> method has the advantage of documenting which vty " +"X will start on and passing the responsibility of restarting the X server on " +"logout to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>. The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> method makes it easy " +"to <command>kill</command> <command>xdm</command> if there is a problem " +"starting the X server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4611 -msgid "If loaded from <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <command>xdm</command> should be started without any arguments. <command>xdm</command> must start <emphasis>after</emphasis> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> runs, or else <command>getty</command> and <command>xdm</command> will conflict, locking out the console. The best way around this is to have the script sleep 10 seconds or so then launch <command>xdm</command>." +#: book.translate.xml:4558 +msgid "" +"If loaded from <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <command>xdm</command> should be started without " +"any arguments. <command>xdm</command> must start <emphasis>after</emphasis> " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> runs, or else <command>getty</command> and <command>xdm</" +"command> will conflict, locking out the console. The best way around this is " +"to have the script sleep 10 seconds or so then launch <command>xdm</command>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4620 -msgid "When starting <command>xdm</command> from <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, there still is a chance of conflict between <command>xdm</command> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. One way to avoid this is to add the <literal>vt</literal> number in <filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers</filename>:" +#: book.translate.xml:4567 +msgid "" +"When starting <command>xdm</command> from <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, " +"there still is a chance of conflict between <command>xdm</command> and " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>. One way to avoid this is to add the <literal>vt</literal> " +"number in <filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:4627 +#: book.translate.xml:4574 #, no-wrap msgid ":0 local /usr/local/bin/X vt4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4629 -msgid "The above example will direct the X server to run in <filename>/dev/ttyv3</filename>. Note the number is offset by one. The X server counts the vty from one, whereas the FreeBSD kernel numbers the vty from zero." +#: book.translate.xml:4576 +msgid "" +"The above example will direct the X server to run in <filename>/dev/ttyv3</" +"filename>. Note the number is offset by one. The X server counts the vty " +"from one, whereas the FreeBSD kernel numbers the vty from zero." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4638 -msgid "Why do I get <errorname>Couldn't open console</errorname> when I run <command>xconsole</command>?" +#: book.translate.xml:4585 +msgid "" +"Why do I get <errorname>Couldn't open console</errorname> when I run " +"<command>xconsole</command>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4644 -msgid "When <application>X</application> is started with <command>startx</command>, the permissions on <filename>/dev/console</filename> will <emphasis>not</emphasis> get changed, resulting in things like <command>xterm -C</command> and <command>xconsole</command> not working." +#: book.translate.xml:4591 +msgid "" +"When <application>X</application> is started with <command>startx</command>, " +"the permissions on <filename>/dev/console</filename> will <emphasis>not</" +"emphasis> get changed, resulting in things like <command>xterm -C</command> " +"and <command>xconsole</command> not working." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4651 -msgid "This is because of the way console permissions are set by default. On a multi-user system, one does not necessarily want just any user to be able to write on the system console. For users who are logging directly onto a machine with a VTY, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fbtab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file exists to solve such problems." +#: book.translate.xml:4598 +msgid "" +"This is because of the way console permissions are set by default. On a " +"multi-user system, one does not necessarily want just any user to be able to " +"write on the system console. For users who are logging directly onto a " +"machine with a VTY, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fbtab</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file exists to solve " +"such problems." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4658 -msgid "In a nutshell, make sure an uncommented line of the form is in <filename>/etc/fbtab</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fbtab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>):" +#: book.translate.xml:4605 +msgid "" +"In a nutshell, make sure an uncommented line of the form is in <filename>/" +"etc/fbtab</filename> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fbtab</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>):" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:4662 +#: book.translate.xml:4609 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4664 -msgid "It will ensure that whomever logs in on <filename>/dev/ttyv0</filename> will own the console." +#: book.translate.xml:4611 +msgid "" +"It will ensure that whomever logs in on <filename>/dev/ttyv0</filename> will " +"own the console." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4672 +#: book.translate.xml:4619 msgid "Why does my PS/2 mouse misbehave under X?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4676 -msgid "The mouse and the mouse driver may have become out of synchronization. In rare cases, the driver may also erroneously report synchronization errors:" +#: book.translate.xml:4623 +msgid "" +"The mouse and the mouse driver may have become out of synchronization. In " +"rare cases, the driver may also erroneously report synchronization errors:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:4680 +#: book.translate.xml:4627 #, no-wrap msgid "psmintr: out of sync (xxxx != yyyy)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4682 -msgid "If this happens, disable the synchronization check code by setting the driver flags for the PS/2 mouse driver to <literal>0x100</literal>. This can be easiest achieved by adding <literal>hint.psm.0.flags=\"0x100\"</literal> to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> and rebooting." +#: book.translate.xml:4629 +msgid "" +"If this happens, disable the synchronization check code by setting the " +"driver flags for the PS/2 mouse driver to <literal>0x100</literal>. This can " +"be easiest achieved by adding <literal>hint.psm.0.flags=\"0x100\"</literal> " +"to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> and rebooting." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4693 +#: book.translate.xml:4640 msgid "How do I reverse the mouse buttons?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4697 -msgid "Type <command>xmodmap -e \"pointer = 3 2 1\"</command>. Add this command to <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> or <filename>~/.xsession</filename> to make it happen automatically." +#: book.translate.xml:4644 +msgid "" +"Type <command>xmodmap -e \"pointer = 3 2 1\"</command>. Add this command to " +"<filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> or <filename>~/.xsession</filename> to make " +"it happen automatically." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4707 +#: book.translate.xml:4654 msgid "How do I install a splash screen and where do I find them?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4712 -msgid "The detailed answer for this question can be found in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/boot-splash.html\">Boot Time Splash Screens</link> section of the FreeBSD Handbook." +#: book.translate.xml:4659 +msgid "" +"The detailed answer for this question can be found in the <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/boot-splash.html" +"\">Boot Time Splash Screens</link> section of the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4721 +#: book.translate.xml:4668 msgid "Can I use the <keycap>Windows</keycap> keys on my keyboard in X?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4726 -msgid "Yes. Use <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xmodmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to define which functions the keys should perform." +#: book.translate.xml:4673 +msgid "" +"Yes. Use <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xmodmap</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to define which " +"functions the keys should perform." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4729 -msgid "Assuming all Windows keyboards are standard, the keycodes for these three keys are the following:" +#: book.translate.xml:4676 +msgid "" +"Assuming all Windows keyboards are standard, the keycodes for these three " +"keys are the following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4735 -msgid "<keycode>115</keycode> — <keycap>Windows</keycap> key, between the left-hand <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and <keycap>Alt</keycap> keys" +#: book.translate.xml:4682 +msgid "" +"<keycode>115</keycode> — <keycap>Windows</keycap> key, between the left-hand " +"<keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and <keycap>Alt</keycap> keys" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4742 -msgid "<keycode>116</keycode> — <keycap>Windows</keycap> key, to the right of <keycap>AltGr</keycap>" +#: book.translate.xml:4689 +msgid "" +"<keycode>116</keycode> — <keycap>Windows</keycap> key, to the right of " +"<keycap>AltGr</keycap>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4748 -msgid "<keycode>117</keycode> — <keycap>Menu</keycap>, to the left of the right-hand <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>" +#: book.translate.xml:4695 +msgid "" +"<keycode>117</keycode> — <keycap>Menu</keycap>, to the left of the right-" +"hand <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4754 +#: book.translate.xml:4701 msgid "To have the left <keycap>Windows</keycap> key print a comma, try this." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:4757 +#: book.translate.xml:4704 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>xmodmap -e \"keycode 115 = comma\"</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4759 -msgid "To have the <keycap>Windows</keycap> key-mappings enabled automatically every time X is started, either put the <command>xmodmap</command> commands in <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> or, preferably, create a <filename>~/.xmodmaprc</filename> and include the <command>xmodmap</command> options, one per line, then add the following line to <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename>:" +#: book.translate.xml:4706 +msgid "" +"To have the <keycap>Windows</keycap> key-mappings enabled automatically " +"every time X is started, either put the <command>xmodmap</command> commands " +"in <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> or, preferably, create a <filename>~/." +"xmodmaprc</filename> and include the <command>xmodmap</command> options, one " +"per line, then add the following line to <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:4768 +#: book.translate.xml:4715 #, no-wrap msgid "xmodmap $HOME/.xmodmaprc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4770 -msgid "For example, to map the 3 keys to be <keycap>F13</keycap>, <keycap>F14</keycap>, and <keycap>F15</keycap>, respectively. This would make it easy to map them to useful functions within applications or the window manager." +#: book.translate.xml:4717 +msgid "" +"For example, to map the 3 keys to be <keycap>F13</keycap>, <keycap>F14</" +"keycap>, and <keycap>F15</keycap>, respectively. This would make it easy to " +"map them to useful functions within applications or the window manager." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4776 +#: book.translate.xml:4723 msgid "To do this, put the following in <filename>~/.xmodmaprc</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:4779 +#: book.translate.xml:4726 #, no-wrap msgid "" "keycode 115 = F13\n" @@ -4042,17 +6219,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4783 -msgid "For the <package>x11-wm/fvwm2</package> desktop manager, one could map the keys so that <keycap>F13</keycap> iconifies or de-iconifies the window the cursor is in, <keycap>F14</keycap> brings the window the cursor is in to the front or, if it is already at the front, pushes it to the back, and <keycap>F15</keycap> pops up the main Workplace menu even if the cursor is not on the desktop, which is useful when no part of the desktop is visible." +#: book.translate.xml:4730 +msgid "" +"For the <package>x11-wm/fvwm2</package> desktop manager, one could map the " +"keys so that <keycap>F13</keycap> iconifies or de-iconifies the window the " +"cursor is in, <keycap>F14</keycap> brings the window the cursor is in to the " +"front or, if it is already at the front, pushes it to the back, and " +"<keycap>F15</keycap> pops up the main Workplace menu even if the cursor is " +"not on the desktop, which is useful when no part of the desktop is visible." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4794 -msgid "The following entries in <filename>~/.fvwmrc</filename> implement the aforementioned setup:" +#: book.translate.xml:4741 +msgid "" +"The following entries in <filename>~/.fvwmrc</filename> implement the " +"aforementioned setup:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:4798 +#: book.translate.xml:4745 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Key F13 FTIWS A Iconify\n" @@ -4061,583 +6246,921 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4806 -msgid "How can I get 3D hardware acceleration for <trademark class=\"registered\">OpenGL</trademark>?" +#: book.translate.xml:4753 +msgid "" +"How can I get 3D hardware acceleration for <trademark class=\"registered" +"\">OpenGL</trademark>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4811 -msgid "The availability of 3D acceleration depends on the version of Xorg and the type of video chip. For an nVidia chip, use the binary drivers provided for FreeBSD by installing one of the following ports:" +#: book.translate.xml:4758 +msgid "" +"The availability of 3D acceleration depends on the version of Xorg and the " +"type of video chip. For an nVidia chip, use the binary drivers provided for " +"FreeBSD by installing one of the following ports:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4817 -msgid "The latest versions of nVidia cards are supported by the <package>x11/nvidia-driver</package> port." +#: book.translate.xml:4764 +msgid "" +"The latest versions of nVidia cards are supported by the <package>x11/nvidia-" +"driver</package> port." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4821 -msgid "Older drivers are available as <package>x11/nvidia-driver-<replaceable>###</replaceable></package>" +#: book.translate.xml:4768 +msgid "" +"Older drivers are available as <package>x11/nvidia-driver-<replaceable>###</" +"replaceable></package>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4824 -msgid "nVidia provides detailed information on which card is supported by which driver on their web site: <uri xlink:href=\"http://www.nvidia.com/object/IO_32667.html\">http://www.nvidia.com/object/IO_32667.html</uri>." +#: book.translate.xml:4771 +msgid "" +"nVidia provides detailed information on which card is supported by which " +"driver on their web site: <uri xlink:href=\"http://www.nvidia.com/object/" +"IO_32667.html\">http://www.nvidia.com/object/IO_32667.html</uri>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4827 -msgid "For Matrox G200/G400, check the <package>x11-servers/mga_hal</package> port." +#: book.translate.xml:4774 +msgid "" +"For Matrox G200/G400, check the <package>x11-drivers/xf86-video-mga</" +"package> port." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4831 -msgid "For ATI Rage 128 and Radeon see <citerefentry vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>ati</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>r128</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>radeon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:4778 +msgid "" +"For ATI Rage 128 and Radeon see <citerefentry vendor=\"xorg" +"\"><refentrytitle>ati</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>, <citerefentry vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>r128</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry " +"vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>radeon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:4839 +#: book.translate.xml:4786 msgid "Networking" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4844 +#: book.translate.xml:4791 msgid "Where can I get information on <quote>diskless booting</quote>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4849 -msgid "<quote>Diskless booting</quote> means that the FreeBSD box is booted over a network, and reads the necessary files from a server instead of its hard disk. For full details, see <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-diskless.html\">the Handbook entry on diskless booting</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:4796 +msgid "" +"<quote>Diskless booting</quote> means that the FreeBSD box is booted over a " +"network, and reads the necessary files from a server instead of its hard " +"disk. For full details, see <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-diskless.html\">the Handbook entry on " +"diskless booting</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4859 +#: book.translate.xml:4806 msgid "Can a FreeBSD box be used as a dedicated network router?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4864 -msgid "Yes. Refer to the Handbook entry on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking.html\">advanced networking</link>, specifically the section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-routing.html\">routing and gateways</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:4811 +msgid "" +"Yes. Refer to the Handbook entry on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking.html\">advanced " +"networking</link>, specifically the section on <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-routing.html" +"\">routing and gateways</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4872 -msgid "Can I connect my <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> box to the Internet via FreeBSD?" +#: book.translate.xml:4819 +msgid "" +"Can I connect my <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> box to " +"the Internet via FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4877 -msgid "Typically, people who ask this question have two PCs at home, one with FreeBSD and one with some version of <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> the idea is to use the FreeBSD box to connect to the Internet and then be able to access the Internet from the <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> box through the FreeBSD box. This is really just a special case of the previous question and works perfectly well." +#: book.translate.xml:4824 +msgid "" +"Typically, people who ask this question have two PCs at home, one with " +"FreeBSD and one with some version of <trademark class=\"registered" +"\">Windows</trademark> the idea is to use the FreeBSD box to connect to the " +"Internet and then be able to access the Internet from the <trademark class=" +"\"registered\">Windows</trademark> box through the FreeBSD box. This is " +"really just a special case of the previous question and works perfectly well." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4885 -msgid "Dialup users must use <option>-nat</option> and set <literal>gateway_enable</literal> to <emphasis>YES</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. For more information, refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> or the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/userppp.html\">Handbook entry on user PPP</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:4832 +msgid "" +"Dialup users must use <option>-nat</option> and set <literal>gateway_enable</" +"literal> to <emphasis>YES</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. " +"For more information, refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> or the <link xlink:" +"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/userppp.html" +"\">Handbook entry on user PPP</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4892 -msgid "If the connection to the Internet is over Ethernet, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>natd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. A tutorial can be found in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls-ipfw.html#network-natd\">natd</link> section of the Handbook." +#: book.translate.xml:4839 +msgid "" +"If the connection to the Internet is over Ethernet, use " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>natd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>. A tutorial can be found in the <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls-ipfw." +"html#network-natd\">natd</link> section of the Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4900 +#: book.translate.xml:4847 msgid "Does FreeBSD support PPP?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4904 -msgid "Yes. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> provides support for both incoming and outgoing connections." +#: book.translate.xml:4851 +msgid "" +"Yes. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> provides support for both incoming and outgoing " +"connections." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4907 -msgid "For more information on how to use this, refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip.html\">Handbook chapter on PPP</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:4854 +msgid "" +"For more information on how to use this, refer to the <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip.html" +"\">Handbook chapter on PPP</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4915 +#: book.translate.xml:4862 msgid "Does FreeBSD support NAT or Masquerading?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4919 -msgid "Yes. For instructions on how to use NAT over a PPP connection, see the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/userppp.html\">Handbook entry on PPP</link>. To use NAT over some other sort of network connection, look at the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls-ipfw.html#network-natd\">natd</link> section of the Handbook." +#: book.translate.xml:4866 +msgid "" +"Yes. For instructions on how to use NAT over a PPP connection, see the <link " +"xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/userppp." +"html\">Handbook entry on PPP</link>. To use NAT over some other sort of " +"network connection, look at the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls-ipfw.html#network-natd\">natd</" +"link> section of the Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4930 +#: book.translate.xml:4877 msgid "How can I set up Ethernet aliases?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4934 -msgid "If the alias is on the same subnet as an address already configured on the interface, add <literal>netmask 0xffffffff</literal> to this command:" +#: book.translate.xml:4881 +msgid "" +"If the alias is on the same subnet as an address already configured on the " +"interface, add <literal>netmask 0xffffffff</literal> to this command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:4939 +#: book.translate.xml:4886 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ed0</replaceable> alias <replaceable>192.0.2.2 </replaceable>netmask 0xffffffff</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4941 +#: book.translate.xml:4888 msgid "Otherwise, specify the network address and netmask as usual:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:4944 +#: book.translate.xml:4891 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ed0</replaceable> alias <replaceable>172.16.141.5</replaceable> netmask 0xffffff00</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4946 -msgid "More information can be found in the FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-virtual-hosts.html\">Handbook</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:4893 +msgid "" +"More information can be found in the FreeBSD <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-virtual-" +"hosts.html\">Handbook</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4952 -msgid "Why can I not NFS-mount from a <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> box?" +#: book.translate.xml:4899 +msgid "" +"Why can I not NFS-mount from a <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</" +"trademark> box?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4956 -msgid "Some versions of the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> NFS code only accept mount requests from a privileged port; try to issue the following command:" +#: book.translate.xml:4903 +msgid "" +"Some versions of the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> NFS " +"code only accept mount requests from a privileged port; try to issue the " +"following command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:4960 +#: book.translate.xml:4907 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4966 -msgid "Why does <command>mountd</command> keep telling me it <errorname>can't change attributes</errorname> and that I have a <errorname>bad exports list</errorname> on my FreeBSD NFS server?" +#: book.translate.xml:4913 +msgid "" +"Why does <command>mountd</command> keep telling me it <errorname>can't " +"change attributes</errorname> and that I have a <errorname>bad exports list</" +"errorname> on my FreeBSD NFS server?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4973 -msgid "The most frequent problem is not understanding the correct format of <filename>/etc/exports</filename>. Review <citerefentry><refentrytitle>exports</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> and the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-nfs.html\">NFS</link> entry in the Handbook, especially the section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-nfs.html#configuring-nfs\">configuring NFS</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:4920 +msgid "" +"The most frequent problem is not understanding the correct format of " +"<filename>/etc/exports</filename>. Review " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exports</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> and the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-nfs.html\">NFS</link> entry in the " +"Handbook, especially the section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-nfs.html#configuring-nfs" +"\">configuring NFS</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4983 +#: book.translate.xml:4930 msgid "How do I enable IP multicast support?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:4987 -msgid "Install the <package>net/mrouted</package> package or port and add <literal>mrouted_enable=\"YES\"</literal> to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> start this service at boot time." +#: book.translate.xml:4934 +msgid "" +"Install the <package>net/mrouted</package> package or port and add " +"<literal>mrouted_enable=\"YES\"</literal> to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</" +"filename> start this service at boot time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:4997 +#: book.translate.xml:4944 msgid "Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5002 -msgid "See the answer in the FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail-trouble.html\">Handbook</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:4949 +msgid "" +"See the answer in the FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail-trouble.html\">Handbook</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5008 -msgid "Why do I get an error, <errorname>Permission denied</errorname>, for all networking operations?" +#: book.translate.xml:4955 +msgid "" +"Why do I get an error, <errorname>Permission denied</errorname>, for all " +"networking operations?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5014 -msgid "If the kernel is compiled with the <literal>IPFIREWALL</literal> option, be aware that the default policy is to deny all packets that are not explicitly allowed." +#: book.translate.xml:4961 +msgid "" +"If the kernel is compiled with the <literal>IPFIREWALL</literal> option, be " +"aware that the default policy is to deny all packets that are not explicitly " +"allowed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5019 -msgid "If the firewall is unintentionally misconfigured, restore network operability by typing the following as <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>:" +#: book.translate.xml:4966 +msgid "" +"If the firewall is unintentionally misconfigured, restore network " +"operability by typing the following as <systemitem class=\"username\">root</" +"systemitem>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5023 +#: book.translate.xml:4970 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5025 -msgid "Consider setting <literal>firewall_type=\"open\"</literal> in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>." +#: book.translate.xml:4972 +msgid "" +"Consider setting <literal>firewall_type=\"open\"</literal> in <filename>/etc/" +"rc.conf</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5029 -msgid "For further information on configuring this firewall, see the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls-ipfw.html\">Handbook chapter</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:4976 +msgid "" +"For further information on configuring this firewall, see the <link xlink:" +"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls-ipfw." +"html\">Handbook chapter</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5037 -msgid "Why is my <command>ipfw</command> <quote>fwd</quote> rule to redirect a service to another machine not working?" +#: book.translate.xml:4984 +msgid "" +"Why is my <command>ipfw</command> <quote>fwd</quote> rule to redirect a " +"service to another machine not working?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5043 -msgid "Possibly because network address translation (NAT) is needed instead of just forwarding packets. A <quote>fwd</quote> rule only forwards packets, it does not actually change the data inside the packet. Consider this rule:" +#: book.translate.xml:4990 +msgid "" +"Possibly because network address translation (NAT) is needed instead of just " +"forwarding packets. A <quote>fwd</quote> rule only forwards packets, it does " +"not actually change the data inside the packet. Consider this rule:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5049 +#: book.translate.xml:4996 #, no-wrap msgid "01000 fwd <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable> from any to <replaceable>foo 21</replaceable>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5051 -msgid "When a packet with a destination address of <replaceable>foo</replaceable> arrives at the machine with this rule, the packet is forwarded to <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable>, but it still has the destination address of <replaceable>foo</replaceable>. The destination address of the packet is not changed to <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable>. Most machines would probably drop a packet that they receive with a destination address that is not their own. Therefore, using a <quote>fwd</quote> rule does not often work the way the user expects. This behavior is a feature and not a bug." +#: book.translate.xml:4998 +msgid "" +"When a packet with a destination address of <replaceable>foo</replaceable> " +"arrives at the machine with this rule, the packet is forwarded to " +"<replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable>, but it still has the destination " +"address of <replaceable>foo</replaceable>. The destination address of the " +"packet is not changed to <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable>. Most machines " +"would probably drop a packet that they receive with a destination address " +"that is not their own. Therefore, using a <quote>fwd</quote> rule does not " +"often work the way the user expects. This behavior is a feature and not a " +"bug." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5065 -msgid "See the <link linkend=\"service-redirect\"><acronym>FAQ</acronym> about redirecting services</link>, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>natd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual, or one of the several port redirecting utilities in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/ports/index.html\">Ports Collection</link> for a correct way to do this." +#: book.translate.xml:5012 +msgid "" +"See the <link linkend=\"service-redirect\"><acronym>FAQ</acronym> about " +"redirecting services</link>, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>natd</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual, or one of the " +"several port redirecting utilities in the <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/ports/index.html\">Ports Collection</link> for a correct " +"way to do this." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5074 +#: book.translate.xml:5021 msgid "How can I redirect service requests from one machine to another?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5079 -msgid "FTP and other service requests can be redirected with the <package>sysutils/socket</package> package or port. Replace the entry for the service in <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> to call <command>socket</command>, as seen in this example for <application>ftpd</application>:" +#: book.translate.xml:5026 +msgid "" +"FTP and other service requests can be redirected with the <package>sysutils/" +"socket</package> package or port. Replace the entry for the service in " +"<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> to call <command>socket</command>, as " +"seen in this example for <application>ftpd</application>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5086 +#: book.translate.xml:5033 #, no-wrap msgid "ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket <replaceable>ftp.example.com</replaceable> <replaceable>ftp</replaceable>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5088 -msgid "where <replaceable>ftp.example.com</replaceable> and <replaceable>ftp</replaceable> are the host and port to redirect to, respectively." +#: book.translate.xml:5035 +msgid "" +"where <replaceable>ftp.example.com</replaceable> and <replaceable>ftp</" +"replaceable> are the host and port to redirect to, respectively." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5096 +#: book.translate.xml:5043 msgid "Where can I get a bandwidth management tool?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5100 -msgid "There are three bandwidth management tools available for FreeBSD. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dummynet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> is integrated into FreeBSD as part of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ipfw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>. <link xlink:href=\"http://www.sonycsl.co.jp/person/kjc/programs.html\">ALTQ</link> has been integrated into FreeBSD as part of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Bandwidth Manager from <link xlink:href=\"http://www.etinc.com/\">Emerging Technologies</link> is a commercial product." +#: book.translate.xml:5047 +msgid "" +"There are three bandwidth management tools available for FreeBSD. " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dummynet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> is integrated into FreeBSD as part of " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ipfw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>. <link xlink:href=\"http://www.sonycsl.co.jp/person/kjc/" +"programs.html\">ALTQ</link> has been integrated into FreeBSD as part of " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>. Bandwidth Manager from <link xlink:href=\"http://www.etinc." +"com/\">Emerging Technologies</link> is a commercial product." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5111 +#: book.translate.xml:5058 msgid "Why do I get <errorname>/dev/bpf0: device not configured</errorname>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5116 -msgid "The running application requires the Berkeley Packet Filter (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bpf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>), but it was removed from a custom kernel. Add this to the kernel config file and build a new kernel:" +#: book.translate.xml:5063 +msgid "" +"The running application requires the Berkeley Packet Filter " +"(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bpf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>), but it was removed from a custom kernel. Add this to the " +"kernel config file and build a new kernel:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5121 +#: book.translate.xml:5068 #, no-wrap msgid "device bpf # Berkeley Packet Filter" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5127 -msgid "How do I mount a disk from a <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> machine that is on my network, like smbmount in <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark>?" +#: book.translate.xml:5074 +msgid "" +"How do I mount a disk from a <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</" +"trademark> machine that is on my network, like smbmount in <trademark class=" +"\"registered\">Linux</trademark>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5132 -msgid "Use the <application>SMBFS</application> toolset. It includes a set of kernel modifications and a set of userland programs. The programs and information are available as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount_smbfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> in the base system." +#: book.translate.xml:5079 +msgid "" +"Use the <application>SMBFS</application> toolset. It includes a set of " +"kernel modifications and a set of userland programs. The programs and " +"information are available as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount_smbfs</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> in the base system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5142 -msgid "What are these messages about: <errorname>Limiting icmp/open port/closed port response</errorname> in my log files?" +#: book.translate.xml:5089 +msgid "" +"What are these messages about: <errorname>Limiting icmp/open port/closed " +"port response</errorname> in my log files?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5148 -msgid "This kernel message indicates that some activity is provoking it to send a large amount of ICMP or TCP reset (RST) responses. ICMP responses are often generated as a result of attempted connections to unused UDP ports. TCP resets are generated as a result of attempted connections to unopened TCP ports. Among others, these are the kinds of activities which may cause these messages:" +#: book.translate.xml:5095 +msgid "" +"This kernel message indicates that some activity is provoking it to send a " +"large amount of ICMP or TCP reset (RST) responses. ICMP responses are often " +"generated as a result of attempted connections to unused UDP ports. TCP " +"resets are generated as a result of attempted connections to unopened TCP " +"ports. Among others, these are the kinds of activities which may cause these " +"messages:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5159 -msgid "Brute-force denial of service (DoS) attacks (as opposed to single-packet attacks which exploit a specific vulnerability)." +#: book.translate.xml:5106 +msgid "" +"Brute-force denial of service (DoS) attacks (as opposed to single-packet " +"attacks which exploit a specific vulnerability)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5165 -msgid "Port scans which attempt to connect to a large number of ports (as opposed to only trying a few well-known ports)." +#: book.translate.xml:5112 +msgid "" +"Port scans which attempt to connect to a large number of ports (as opposed " +"to only trying a few well-known ports)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5171 -msgid "The first number in the message indicates how many packets the kernel would have sent if the limit was not in place, and the second indicates the limit. This limit is controlled using <varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim</varname>. This example sets the limit to <literal>300</literal> packets per second:" +#: book.translate.xml:5118 +msgid "" +"The first number in the message indicates how many packets the kernel would " +"have sent if the limit was not in place, and the second indicates the limit. " +"This limit is controlled using <varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim</varname>. " +"This example sets the limit to <literal>300</literal> packets per second:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5179 +#: book.translate.xml:5126 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sysctl net.inet.icmp.icmplim=300</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5181 -msgid "To disable these messages without disabling response limiting, use <varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim_output</varname> to disable the output:" +#: book.translate.xml:5128 +msgid "" +"To disable these messages without disabling response limiting, use " +"<varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim_output</varname> to disable the output:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5187 +#: book.translate.xml:5134 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sysctl net.inet.icmp.icmplim_output=0</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5189 -msgid "Finally, to disable response limiting completely, set <varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim</varname> to <literal>0</literal>. Disabling response limiting is discouraged for the reasons listed above." +#: book.translate.xml:5136 +msgid "" +"Finally, to disable response limiting completely, set <varname>net.inet.icmp." +"icmplim</varname> to <literal>0</literal>. Disabling response limiting is " +"discouraged for the reasons listed above." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5198 -msgid "What are these <errorname>arp: unknown hardware address format</errorname> error messages?" +#: book.translate.xml:5145 +msgid "" +"What are these <errorname>arp: unknown hardware address format</errorname> " +"error messages?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5203 -msgid "This means that some device on the local Ethernet is using a MAC address in a format that FreeBSD does not recognize. This is probably caused by someone experimenting with an Ethernet card somewhere else on the network. This is most commonly seen on cable modem networks. It is harmless, and should not affect the performance of the FreeBSD system." +#: book.translate.xml:5150 +msgid "" +"This means that some device on the local Ethernet is using a MAC address in " +"a format that FreeBSD does not recognize. This is probably caused by someone " +"experimenting with an Ethernet card somewhere else on the network. This is " +"most commonly seen on cable modem networks. It is harmless, and should not " +"affect the performance of the FreeBSD system." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: question/para +#: book.translate.xml:5162 +msgid "" +"Why do I keep seeing messages like: <errorname>192.168.0.10 is on fxp1 but " +"got reply from 00:15:17:67:cf:82 on rl0</errorname>, and how do I disable it?" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:5169 +msgid "" +"Because a packet is coming from outside the network unexpectedly. To disable " +"them, set <varname>net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_wrong_iface</varname> to " +"<literal>0</literal>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5215 -msgid "Why do I keep seeing messages like: <errorname>192.168.0.10 is on fxp1 but got reply from 00:15:17:67:cf:82 on rl0</errorname>, and how do I disable it?" +#: book.translate.xml:5178 +msgid "How do I compile an IPv6 only kernel?" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: para/screen +#: book.translate.xml:5184 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"include GENERIC\n" +"ident GENERIC-IPV6ONLY\n" +"makeoptions MKMODULESENV+=\"WITHOUT_INET_SUPPORT=\"\n" +"nooptions INET\n" +"nodevice gre" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5222 -msgid "Because a packet is coming from outside the network unexpectedly. To disable them, set <varname>net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_wrong_iface</varname> to <literal>0</literal>." +#: book.translate.xml:5182 +msgid "Configure your kernel with these settings: <_:screen-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:5232 +#: book.translate.xml:5195 msgid "Security" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5237 +#: book.translate.xml:5200 msgid "What is a sandbox?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5240 +#: book.translate.xml:5203 msgid "<quote>Sandbox</quote> is a security term. It can mean two things:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5245 -msgid "A process which is placed inside a set of virtual walls that are designed to prevent someone who breaks into the process from being able to break into the wider system." +#: book.translate.xml:5208 +msgid "" +"A process which is placed inside a set of virtual walls that are designed to " +"prevent someone who breaks into the process from being able to break into " +"the wider system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5250 -msgid "The process is only able to run inside the walls. Since nothing the process does in regards to executing code is supposed to be able to breach the walls, a detailed audit of its code is not needed in order to be able to say certain things about its security." +#: book.translate.xml:5213 +msgid "" +"The process is only able to run inside the walls. Since nothing the process " +"does in regards to executing code is supposed to be able to breach the " +"walls, a detailed audit of its code is not needed in order to be able to say " +"certain things about its security." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5257 -msgid "The walls might be a user ID, for example. This is the definition used in the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>security</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> man pages." +#: book.translate.xml:5220 +msgid "" +"The walls might be a user ID, for example. This is the definition used in " +"the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>security</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>named</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> man pages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5261 -msgid "Take the <literal>ntalk</literal> service, for example (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>). This service used to run as user ID <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>. Now it runs as user ID <systemitem class=\"username\">tty</systemitem>. The <systemitem class=\"username\">tty</systemitem> user is a sandbox designed to make it more difficult for someone who has successfully hacked into the system via <literal>ntalk</literal> from being able to hack beyond that user ID." +#: book.translate.xml:5224 +msgid "" +"Take the <literal>ntalk</literal> service, for example (see " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>). This service used to run as user ID <systemitem class=" +"\"username\">root</systemitem>. Now it runs as user ID <systemitem class=" +"\"username\">tty</systemitem>. The <systemitem class=\"username\">tty</" +"systemitem> user is a sandbox designed to make it more difficult for someone " +"who has successfully hacked into the system via <literal>ntalk</literal> " +"from being able to hack beyond that user ID." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5272 -msgid "A process which is placed inside a simulation of the machine. It means that someone who is able to break into the process may believe that he can break into the wider machine but is, in fact, only breaking into a simulation of that machine and not modifying any real data." +#: book.translate.xml:5235 +msgid "" +"A process which is placed inside a simulation of the machine. It means that " +"someone who is able to break into the process may believe that he can break " +"into the wider machine but is, in fact, only breaking into a simulation of " +"that machine and not modifying any real data." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5279 -msgid "The most common way to accomplish this is to build a simulated environment in a subdirectory and then run the processes in that directory chrooted so that <filename>/</filename> for that process is this directory, not the real <filename>/</filename> of the system)." +#: book.translate.xml:5242 +msgid "" +"The most common way to accomplish this is to build a simulated environment " +"in a subdirectory and then run the processes in that directory chrooted so " +"that <filename>/</filename> for that process is this directory, not the real " +"<filename>/</filename> of the system)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5286 -msgid "Another common use is to mount an underlying file system read-only and then create a file system layer on top of it that gives a process a seemingly writeable view into that file system. The process may believe it is able to write to those files, but only the process sees the effects — other processes in the system do not, necessarily." +#: book.translate.xml:5249 +msgid "" +"Another common use is to mount an underlying file system read-only and then " +"create a file system layer on top of it that gives a process a seemingly " +"writeable view into that file system. The process may believe it is able to " +"write to those files, but only the process sees the effects — other " +"processes in the system do not, necessarily." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5294 -msgid "An attempt is made to make this sort of sandbox so transparent that the user (or hacker) does not realize that he is sitting in it." +#: book.translate.xml:5257 +msgid "" +"An attempt is made to make this sort of sandbox so transparent that the user " +"(or hacker) does not realize that he is sitting in it." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5300 -msgid "<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> implements two core sandboxes. One is at the process level, and one is at the userid level." +#: book.translate.xml:5263 +msgid "" +"<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> implements two core " +"sandboxes. One is at the process level, and one is at the userid level." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5303 -msgid "Every <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> process is completely firewalled off from every other <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> process. One process cannot modify the address space of another." +#: book.translate.xml:5266 +msgid "" +"Every <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> process is completely " +"firewalled off from every other <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</" +"trademark> process. One process cannot modify the address space of another." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5307 -msgid "A <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> process is owned by a particular userid. If the user ID is not the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> user, it serves to firewall the process off from processes owned by other users. The user ID is also used to firewall off on-disk data." +#: book.translate.xml:5270 +msgid "" +"A <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> process is owned by a " +"particular userid. If the user ID is not the <systemitem class=\"username" +"\">root</systemitem> user, it serves to firewall the process off from " +"processes owned by other users. The user ID is also used to firewall off on-" +"disk data." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5317 +#: book.translate.xml:5280 msgid "What is securelevel?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5321 -msgid "<literal>securelevel</literal> is a security mechanism implemented in the kernel. When the securelevel is positive, the kernel restricts certain tasks; not even the superuser (<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>) is allowed to do them. The securelevel mechanism limits the ability to:" +#: book.translate.xml:5284 +msgid "" +"<literal>securelevel</literal> is a security mechanism implemented in the " +"kernel. When the securelevel is positive, the kernel restricts certain " +"tasks; not even the superuser (<systemitem class=\"username\">root</" +"systemitem>) is allowed to do them. The securelevel mechanism limits the " +"ability to:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5330 -msgid "Unset certain file flags, such as <literal>schg</literal> (the system immutable flag)." +#: book.translate.xml:5293 +msgid "" +"Unset certain file flags, such as <literal>schg</literal> (the system " +"immutable flag)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5336 -msgid "Write to kernel memory via <filename>/dev/mem</filename> and <filename>/dev/kmem</filename>." +#: book.translate.xml:5299 +msgid "" +"Write to kernel memory via <filename>/dev/mem</filename> and <filename>/dev/" +"kmem</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5342 +#: book.translate.xml:5305 msgid "Load kernel modules." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5346 +#: book.translate.xml:5309 msgid "Alter firewall rules." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5350 +#: book.translate.xml:5313 msgid "To check the status of the securelevel on a running system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5353 +#: book.translate.xml:5316 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sysctl -n kern.securelevel</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5355 -msgid "The output contains the current value of the securelevel. If it is greater than 0, at least some of the securelevel's protections are enabled." +#: book.translate.xml:5318 +msgid "" +"The output contains the current value of the securelevel. If it is greater " +"than 0, at least some of the securelevel's protections are enabled." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5360 -msgid "The securelevel of a running system cannot be lowered as this would defeat its purpose. If a task requires that the securelevel be non-positive, change the <varname>kern_securelevel</varname> and <varname>kern_securelevel_enable</varname> variables in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and reboot." +#: book.translate.xml:5323 +msgid "" +"The securelevel of a running system cannot be lowered as this would defeat " +"its purpose. If a task requires that the securelevel be non-positive, change " +"the <varname>kern_securelevel</varname> and " +"<varname>kern_securelevel_enable</varname> variables in <filename>/etc/rc." +"conf</filename> and reboot." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5367 -msgid "For more information on securelevel and the specific things all the levels do, consult <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:5330 +msgid "" +"For more information on securelevel and the specific things all the levels " +"do, consult <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:5371 -msgid "Securelevel is not a silver bullet; it has many known deficiencies. More often than not, it provides a false sense of security." +#: book.translate.xml:5334 +msgid "" +"Securelevel is not a silver bullet; it has many known deficiencies. More " +"often than not, it provides a false sense of security." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:5375 -msgid "One of its biggest problems is that in order for it to be at all effective, all files used in the boot process up until the securelevel is set must be protected. If an attacker can get the system to execute their code prior to the securelevel being set (which happens quite late in the boot process since some things the system must do at start-up cannot be done at an elevated securelevel), its protections are invalidated. While this task of protecting all files used in the boot process is not technically impossible, if it is achieved, system maintenance will become a nightmare since one would have to take the system down, at least to single-user mode, to modify a configuration file." +#: book.translate.xml:5338 +msgid "" +"One of its biggest problems is that in order for it to be at all effective, " +"all files used in the boot process up until the securelevel is set must be " +"protected. If an attacker can get the system to execute their code prior to " +"the securelevel being set (which happens quite late in the boot process " +"since some things the system must do at start-up cannot be done at an " +"elevated securelevel), its protections are invalidated. While this task of " +"protecting all files used in the boot process is not technically impossible, " +"if it is achieved, system maintenance will become a nightmare since one " +"would have to take the system down, at least to single-user mode, to modify " +"a configuration file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:5390 -msgid "This point and others are often discussed on the mailing lists, particularly the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-security\">FreeBSD security mailing list</link>. Search the archives <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/search/index.html\">here</link> for an extensive discussion. A more fine-grained mechanism is preferred." +#: book.translate.xml:5353 +msgid "" +"This point and others are often discussed on the mailing lists, particularly " +"the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-" +"security\">FreeBSD security mailing list</link>. Search the archives <link " +"xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/search/index.html\">here</link> for an " +"extensive discussion. A more fine-grained mechanism is preferred." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5401 -msgid "BIND (<command>named</command>) is listening on some high-numbered ports. What is going on?" +#: book.translate.xml:5364 +msgid "" +"<application>BIND9</application> (<command>named</command>) is listening on " +"some high-numbered ports. What is going on?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5406 -msgid "BIND uses a random high-numbered port for outgoing queries. Recent versions of it choose a new, random UDP port for each query. This may cause problems for some network configurations, especially if a firewall blocks incoming UDP packets on particular ports. To get past that firewall, try the <literal>avoid-v4-udp-ports</literal> and <literal>avoid-v6-udp-ports</literal> options to avoid selecting random port numbers within a blocked range." +#: book.translate.xml:5370 +msgid "" +"BIND uses a random high-numbered port for outgoing queries. Recent versions " +"of it choose a new, random UDP port for each query. This may cause problems " +"for some network configurations, especially if a firewall blocks incoming " +"UDP packets on particular ports. To get past that firewall, try the " +"<literal>avoid-v4-udp-ports</literal> and <literal>avoid-v6-udp-ports</" +"literal> options to avoid selecting random port numbers within a blocked " +"range." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:5418 -msgid "If a port number (like 53) is specified via the <literal>query-source</literal> or <literal>query-source-v6</literal> options in <filename>/etc/namedb/named.conf</filename>, randomized port selection will not be used. It is strongly recommended that these options not be used to specify fixed port numbers." +#: book.translate.xml:5382 +msgid "" +"If a port number (like 53) is specified via the <literal>query-source</" +"literal> or <literal>query-source-v6</literal> options in <filename>/usr/" +"local/etc/namedb/named.conf</filename>, randomized port selection will not " +"be used. It is strongly recommended that these options not be used to " +"specify fixed port numbers." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5427 -msgid "Congratulations, by the way. It is good practice to read <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sockstat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> output and notice odd things!" +#: book.translate.xml:5392 +msgid "" +"Congratulations, by the way. It is good practice to read " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sockstat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> output and notice odd things!" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5435 -msgid "The <application>Sendmail</application> daemon is listening on port 587 as well as the standard port 25! What is going on?" +#: book.translate.xml:5400 +msgid "" +"The <application>Sendmail</application> daemon is listening on port 587 as " +"well as the standard port 25! What is going on?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5441 -msgid "Recent versions of <application>Sendmail</application> support a mail submission feature that runs over port 587. This is not yet widely supported, but is growing in popularity." +#: book.translate.xml:5406 +msgid "" +"Recent versions of <application>Sendmail</application> support a mail " +"submission feature that runs over port 587. This is not yet widely " +"supported, but is growing in popularity." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5450 -msgid "What is this UID 0 <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> account? Have I been compromised?" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5455 -msgid "Do not worry. <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> is an <quote>alternative</quote> superuser account, where toor is root spelled backwards. It is intended to be used with a non-standard shell so the default shell for <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> does not need to change. This is important as shells which are not part of the base distribution, but are instead installed from ports or packages, are installed in <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> which, by default, resides on a different file system. If <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>'s shell is located in <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> and the file system containing <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename>) is not mounted, <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> will not be able to log in to fix a problem and will have to reboot into single-user mode in order to enter the path to a shell." +#: book.translate.xml:5415 +msgid "" +"What is this UID 0 <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> account? " +"Have I been compromised?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5472 -msgid "Some people use <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> for day-to-day <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> tasks with a non-standard shell, leaving <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, with a standard shell, for single-user mode or emergencies. By default, a user cannot log in using <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> as it does not have a password, so log in as <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> and set a password for <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> before using it to login." +#: book.translate.xml:5420 +msgid "" +"Do not worry. <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> is an " +"<quote>alternative</quote> superuser account, where toor is root spelled " +"backwards. It is intended to be used with a non-standard shell so the " +"default shell for <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> does not " +"need to change. This is important as shells which are not part of the base " +"distribution, but are instead installed from ports or packages, are " +"installed in <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> which, by default, resides " +"on a different file system. If <systemitem class=\"username\">root</" +"systemitem>'s shell is located in <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> and " +"the file system containing <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename>) is not " +"mounted, <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> will not be able " +"to log in to fix a problem and will have to reboot into single-user mode in " +"order to enter the path to a shell." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:5437 +msgid "" +"Some people use <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> for day-to-" +"day <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> tasks with a non-" +"standard shell, leaving <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, " +"with a standard shell, for single-user mode or emergencies. By default, a " +"user cannot log in using <systemitem class=\"username\">toor</systemitem> as " +"it does not have a password, so log in as <systemitem class=\"username" +"\">root</systemitem> and set a password for <systemitem class=\"username" +"\">toor</systemitem> before using it to login." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:5486 +#: book.translate.xml:5451 msgid "PPP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5491 -msgid "I cannot make <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> work. What am I doing wrong?" +#: book.translate.xml:5456 +msgid "" +"I cannot make <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> work. What am I doing wrong?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5496 -msgid "First, read <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#userppp\">PPP section of the Handbook</link>. To assist in troubleshooting, enable logging with the following command:" +#: book.translate.xml:5461 +msgid "" +"First, read <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> and the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#userppp\">PPP section of " +"the Handbook</link>. To assist in troubleshooting, enable logging with the " +"following command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5502 +#: book.translate.xml:5467 #, no-wrap msgid "set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5504 -msgid "This command may be typed at the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command prompt or it may be entered at the start of the <literal>default</literal> section in <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>. Make sure that <filename>/etc/syslog.conf</filename> contains the lines below and the file <filename>/var/log/ppp.log</filename> exists:" +#: book.translate.xml:5469 +msgid "" +"This command may be typed at the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command prompt or it " +"may be entered at the start of the <literal>default</literal> section in " +"<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>. Make sure that <filename>/etc/syslog." +"conf</filename> contains the lines below and the file <filename>/var/log/ppp." +"log</filename> exists:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5512 +#: book.translate.xml:5477 #, no-wrap msgid "" "!ppp\n" @@ -4645,48 +7168,66 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5515 -msgid "A lot about what is going can be learned from the log file. Do not worry if it does not all make sense as it may make sense to someone else." +#: book.translate.xml:5480 +msgid "" +"A lot about what is going can be learned from the log file. Do not worry if " +"it does not all make sense as it may make sense to someone else." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5523 -msgid "Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> hang when I run it?" +#: book.translate.xml:5488 +msgid "" +"Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> hang when I run it?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5527 -msgid "This is usually because the hostname will not resolve. The best way to fix this is to make sure that <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> is read first by the by ensuring that the <literal>hosts</literal> line is listed first in <filename>/etc/host.conf</filename>. Then, put an entry in <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> for the local machine. If there is no local network, change the <systemitem>localhost</systemitem> line:" +#: book.translate.xml:5492 +msgid "" +"This is usually because the hostname will not resolve. The best way to fix " +"this is to make sure that <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> is read first by " +"the by ensuring that the <literal>hosts</literal> line is listed first in " +"<filename>/etc/host.conf</filename>. Then, put an entry in <filename>/etc/" +"hosts</filename> for the local machine. If there is no local network, change " +"the <systemitem>localhost</systemitem> line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5536 +#: book.translate.xml:5501 #, no-wrap msgid "127.0.0.1 foo.example.com foo localhost" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5538 -msgid "Otherwise, add another entry for the host. Consult the relevant manual pages for more details." +#: book.translate.xml:5503 +msgid "" +"Otherwise, add another entry for the host. Consult the relevant manual pages " +"for more details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5541 -msgid "When finished, verify that this command is successful: <command>ping -c1 `hostname`</command>." +#: book.translate.xml:5506 +msgid "" +"When finished, verify that this command is successful: <command>ping -c1 " +"`hostname`</command>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5548 -msgid "Why will <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> not dial in <literal>-auto</literal> mode?" +#: book.translate.xml:5513 +msgid "" +"Why will <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> not dial in <literal>-auto</literal> mode?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5553 -msgid "First, check that a default route exists. This command should display two entries:" +#: book.translate.xml:5518 +msgid "" +"First, check that a default route exists. This command should display two " +"entries:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5556 +#: book.translate.xml:5521 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire\n" @@ -4695,38 +7236,48 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5560 -msgid "If a default route is not listed, make sure that the <literal>HISADDR</literal> line has been added to <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>." +#: book.translate.xml:5525 +msgid "" +"If a default route is not listed, make sure that the <literal>HISADDR</" +"literal> line has been added to <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5565 -msgid "Another reason for the default route line being missing is that a default route has been added to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and this line is missing from <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>:" +#: book.translate.xml:5530 +msgid "" +"Another reason for the default route line being missing is that a default " +"route has been added to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and this line is " +"missing from <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5571 +#: book.translate.xml:5536 #, no-wrap msgid "delete ALL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5573 -msgid "If this is the case, go back to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/userppp.html#userppp-final\">Final System Configuration</link> section of the Handbook." +#: book.translate.xml:5538 +msgid "" +"If this is the case, go back to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/userppp.html#userppp-final\">Final System " +"Configuration</link> section of the Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5581 +#: book.translate.xml:5546 msgid "What does <errorname>No route to host</errorname> mean?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5586 -msgid "This error is usually because the following section is missing in <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>:" +#: book.translate.xml:5551 +msgid "" +"This error is usually because the following section is missing in <filename>/" +"etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5590 +#: book.translate.xml:5555 #, no-wrap msgid "" "MYADDR:\n" @@ -4735,12 +7286,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5594 -msgid "This is only necessary for a dynamic IP address or when the address of the default gateway is unknown. When using interactive mode, the following can be typed in after entering packet mode. Packet mode is indicated by the capitalized <acronym>PPP</acronym> in the prompt:" +#: book.translate.xml:5559 +msgid "" +"This is only necessary for a dynamic IP address or when the address of the " +"default gateway is unknown. When using interactive mode, the following can " +"be typed in after entering packet mode. Packet mode is indicated by the " +"capitalized <acronym>PPP</acronym> in the prompt:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5601 +#: book.translate.xml:5566 #, no-wrap msgid "" "delete ALL\n" @@ -4748,109 +7303,170 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5604 -msgid "Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/userppp.html#userppp-dynamicip\">PPP and Dynamic IP addresses</link> section of the Handbook for further details." +#: book.translate.xml:5569 +msgid "" +"Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" +"handbook/userppp.html#userppp-dynamicip\">PPP and Dynamic IP addresses</" +"link> section of the Handbook for further details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5612 +#: book.translate.xml:5577 msgid "Why does my connection drop after about 3 minutes?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5617 -msgid "The default PPP timeout is 3 minutes. This can be adjusted with the following line:" +#: book.translate.xml:5582 +msgid "" +"The default PPP timeout is 3 minutes. This can be adjusted with the " +"following line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5620 +#: book.translate.xml:5585 #, no-wrap msgid "set timeout <replaceable>NNN</replaceable>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5622 -msgid "where <replaceable>NNN</replaceable> is the number of seconds of inactivity before the connection is closed. If <replaceable>NNN</replaceable> is zero, the connection is never closed due to a timeout. It is possible to put this command in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>, or to type it at the prompt in interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on the fly while the line is active by connecting to <application>ppp</application>'s server socket using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>telnet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pppctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Refer to the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> man page for further details." +#: book.translate.xml:5587 +msgid "" +"where <replaceable>NNN</replaceable> is the number of seconds of inactivity " +"before the connection is closed. If <replaceable>NNN</replaceable> is zero, " +"the connection is never closed due to a timeout. It is possible to put this " +"command in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>, or to type it at the prompt in " +"interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on the fly while the line " +"is active by connecting to <application>ppp</application>'s server socket " +"using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>telnet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pppctl</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Refer to the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> man page for further details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5637 +#: book.translate.xml:5602 msgid "Why does my connection drop under heavy load?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5641 -msgid "If Link Quality Reporting (<acronym>LQR</acronym>) is configured, it is possible that too many <acronym>LQR</acronym> packets are lost between the FreeBSD system and the peer. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> deduces that the line must therefore be bad, and disconnects. <acronym>LQR</acronym> is disabled by default and can be enabled with the following line:" +#: book.translate.xml:5606 +msgid "" +"If Link Quality Reporting (<acronym>LQR</acronym>) is configured, it is " +"possible that too many <acronym>LQR</acronym> packets are lost between the " +"FreeBSD system and the peer. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> deduces that the line " +"must therefore be bad, and disconnects. <acronym>LQR</acronym> is disabled " +"by default and can be enabled with the following line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5649 book.translate.xml:5975 +#: book.translate.xml:5614 book.translate.xml:5940 #, no-wrap msgid "enable lqr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5655 +#: book.translate.xml:5620 msgid "Why does my connection drop after a random amount of time?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5660 -msgid "Sometimes, on a noisy phone line or even on a line with call waiting enabled, the modem may hang up because it incorrectly thinks that it lost carrier." +#: book.translate.xml:5625 +msgid "" +"Sometimes, on a noisy phone line or even on a line with call waiting " +"enabled, the modem may hang up because it incorrectly thinks that it lost " +"carrier." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5664 -msgid "There is a setting on most modems for determining how tolerant it should be to temporary losses of carrier. Refer to the modem manual for details." +#: book.translate.xml:5629 +msgid "" +"There is a setting on most modems for determining how tolerant it should be " +"to temporary losses of carrier. Refer to the modem manual for details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5672 +#: book.translate.xml:5637 msgid "Why does my connection hang after a random amount of time?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5677 -msgid "Many people experience hung connections with no apparent explanation. The first thing to establish is which side of the link is hung." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5681 -msgid "When using an external modem, try using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ping</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to see if the <acronym>TD</acronym> light is flashing when data is transmitted. If it flashes but the <acronym>RD</acronym> light does not, the problem is with the remote end. If <acronym>TD</acronym> does not flash, the problem is local. With an internal modem, use the <literal>set server</literal> command in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>. When the hang occurs, connect to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pppctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If the network connection suddenly revives due to the activity on the diagnostic socket, or if it will not connect but the <literal>set socket</literal> command succeeded at startup time, the problem is local. If it can connect but things are still hung, enable local logging with <literal>set log local async</literal> and use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ping</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> from another window or terminal to make use of the link. The async logging will show the data being transmitted and received on the link. If data is going out and not coming back, the problem is remote." +#: book.translate.xml:5642 +msgid "" +"Many people experience hung connections with no apparent explanation. The " +"first thing to establish is which side of the link is hung." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5703 -msgid "Having established whether the problem is local or remote, there are now two possibilities:" +#: book.translate.xml:5646 +msgid "" +"When using an external modem, try using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ping</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to see if the " +"<acronym>TD</acronym> light is flashing when data is transmitted. If it " +"flashes but the <acronym>RD</acronym> light does not, the problem is with " +"the remote end. If <acronym>TD</acronym> does not flash, the problem is " +"local. With an internal modem, use the <literal>set server</literal> command " +"in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>. When the hang occurs, connect to " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pppctl</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If the network " +"connection suddenly revives due to the activity on the diagnostic socket, or " +"if it will not connect but the <literal>set socket</literal> command " +"succeeded at startup time, the problem is local. If it can connect but " +"things are still hung, enable local logging with <literal>set log local " +"async</literal> and use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ping</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> from another window or " +"terminal to make use of the link. The async logging will show the data being " +"transmitted and received on the link. If data is going out and not coming " +"back, the problem is remote." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:5668 +msgid "" +"Having established whether the problem is local or remote, there are now two " +"possibilities:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5708 -msgid "If the problem is remote, read on entry <xref linkend=\"ppp-remote-not-responding\"/>." +#: book.translate.xml:5673 +msgid "" +"If the problem is remote, read on entry <xref linkend=\"ppp-remote-not-" +"responding\"/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5712 +#: book.translate.xml:5677 msgid "If the problem is local, read on entry <xref linkend=\"ppp-hung\"/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5720 +#: book.translate.xml:5685 msgid "The remote end is not responding. What can I do?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5725 -msgid "There is very little that can be done about this. Many ISPs will refuse to help users not running a <trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark> OS. Add <literal>enable lqr</literal> to <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>, allowing <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to detect the remote failure and hang up. This detection is relatively slow and therefore not that useful." +#: book.translate.xml:5690 +msgid "" +"There is very little that can be done about this. Many ISPs will refuse to " +"help users not running a <trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</" +"trademark> OS. Add <literal>enable lqr</literal> to <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp." +"conf</filename>, allowing <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to detect the remote " +"failure and hang up. This detection is relatively slow and therefore not " +"that useful." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5733 -msgid "First, try disabling all local compression by adding the following to the configuration:" +#: book.translate.xml:5698 +msgid "" +"First, try disabling all local compression by adding the following to the " +"configuration:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5736 +#: book.translate.xml:5701 #, no-wrap msgid "" "disable pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj\n" @@ -4858,32 +7474,53 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5739 -msgid "Then reconnect to ensure that this makes no difference. If things improve or if the problem is solved completely, determine which setting makes the difference through trial and error. This is good information for the ISP, although it may make it apparent that it is not a <trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark> system." +#: book.translate.xml:5704 +msgid "" +"Then reconnect to ensure that this makes no difference. If things improve or " +"if the problem is solved completely, determine which setting makes the " +"difference through trial and error. This is good information for the ISP, " +"although it may make it apparent that it is not a <trademark class=" +"\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark> system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5746 -msgid "Before contacting the ISP, enable async logging locally and wait until the connection hangs again. This may use up quite a bit of disk space. The last data read from the port may be of interest. It is usually ASCII data, and may even describe the problem (<errorname>Memory fault</errorname>, <errorname>Core dumped</errorname>)." +#: book.translate.xml:5711 +msgid "" +"Before contacting the ISP, enable async logging locally and wait until the " +"connection hangs again. This may use up quite a bit of disk space. The last " +"data read from the port may be of interest. It is usually ASCII data, and " +"may even describe the problem (<errorname>Memory fault</errorname>, " +"<errorname>Core dumped</errorname>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5754 -msgid "If the ISP is helpful, they should be able to enable logging on their end, then when the next link drop occurs, they may be able to tell why their side is having a problem." +#: book.translate.xml:5719 +msgid "" +"If the ISP is helpful, they should be able to enable logging on their end, " +"then when the next link drop occurs, they may be able to tell why their side " +"is having a problem." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5763 -msgid "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> has hung. What can I do?" +#: book.translate.xml:5728 +msgid "" +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> has hung. What can I do?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5767 -msgid "In this case, rebuild <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> with debugging information, and then use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to grab a stack trace from the <application>ppp</application> process that is stuck. To rebuild the <application>ppp</application> utility with debugging information, type:" +#: book.translate.xml:5732 +msgid "" +"In this case, rebuild <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> with debugging " +"information, and then use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to grab a stack trace " +"from the <application>ppp</application> process that is stuck. To rebuild " +"the <application>ppp</application> utility with debugging information, type:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5774 +#: book.translate.xml:5739 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/ppp</userinput>\n" @@ -4892,183 +7529,318 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5778 -msgid "Then, restart <application>ppp</application> and wait until it hangs again. When the debug build of <application>ppp</application> hangs, start <application>gdb</application> on the stuck process by typing:" +#: book.translate.xml:5743 +msgid "" +"Then, restart <application>ppp</application> and wait until it hangs again. " +"When the debug build of <application>ppp</application> hangs, start " +"<application>gdb</application> on the stuck process by typing:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5784 +#: book.translate.xml:5749 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>gdb ppp `pgrep ppp`</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5786 -msgid "At the <application>gdb</application> prompt, use the <command>bt</command> or <command>where</command> commands to get a stack trace. Save the output of the <application>gdb</application> session, and <quote>detach</quote> from the running process by typing <command>quit</command>." +#: book.translate.xml:5751 +msgid "" +"At the <application>gdb</application> prompt, use the <command>bt</command> " +"or <command>where</command> commands to get a stack trace. Save the output " +"of the <application>gdb</application> session, and <quote>detach</quote> " +"from the running process by typing <command>quit</command>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5797 +#: book.translate.xml:5762 msgid "I keep seeing errors about magic being the same. What does it mean?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5802 -msgid "Occasionally, just after connecting, there may be messages in the log that say <errorname>Magic is same</errorname>. Sometimes, these messages are harmless, and sometimes one side or the other exits. Most PPP implementations cannot survive this problem, and even if the link seems to come up, there will be repeated configure requests and configure acknowledgments in the log file until <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> eventually gives up and closes the connection." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5812 -msgid "This normally happens on server machines with slow disks that are spawning a <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> on the port, and executing <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> from a login script or program after login. There were reports of it happening consistently when using slirp. The reason is that in the time taken between <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> exiting and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> starting, the client-side <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> starts sending Line Control Protocol (LCP) packets. Because ECHO is still switched on for the port on the server, the client <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> sees these packets <quote>reflect</quote> back." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5823 -msgid "One part of the LCP negotiation is to establish a magic number for each side of the link so that <quote>reflections</quote> can be detected. The protocol says that when the peer tries to negotiate the same magic number, a NAK should be sent and a new magic number should be chosen. During the period that the server port has ECHO turned on, the client <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> sends LCP packets, sees the same magic in the reflected packet and NAKs it. It also sees the NAK reflect (which also means <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> must change its magic). This produces a potentially enormous number of magic number changes, all of which are happily piling into the server's tty buffer. As soon as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> starts on the server, it is flooded with magic number changes and almost immediately decides it has tried enough to negotiate LCP and gives up. Meanwhile, the client, who no longer sees the reflections, becomes happy just in time to see a hangup from the server." +#: book.translate.xml:5767 +msgid "" +"Occasionally, just after connecting, there may be messages in the log that " +"say <errorname>Magic is same</errorname>. Sometimes, these messages are " +"harmless, and sometimes one side or the other exits. Most PPP " +"implementations cannot survive this problem, and even if the link seems to " +"come up, there will be repeated configure requests and configure " +"acknowledgments in the log file until <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> eventually gives up " +"and closes the connection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5841 -msgid "This can be avoided by allowing the peer to start negotiating with the following line in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>:" +#: book.translate.xml:5777 +msgid "" +"This normally happens on server machines with slow disks that are spawning a " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> on the port, and executing <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> from a login script or " +"program after login. There were reports of it happening consistently when " +"using slirp. The reason is that in the time taken between " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> exiting and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> starting, the client-" +"side <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> starts sending Line Control Protocol (LCP) " +"packets. Because ECHO is still switched on for the port on the server, the " +"client <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> sees these packets <quote>reflect</quote> back." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:5788 +msgid "" +"One part of the LCP negotiation is to establish a magic number for each side " +"of the link so that <quote>reflections</quote> can be detected. The protocol " +"says that when the peer tries to negotiate the same magic number, a NAK " +"should be sent and a new magic number should be chosen. During the period " +"that the server port has ECHO turned on, the client " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> sends LCP packets, sees the same magic in the reflected packet " +"and NAKs it. It also sees the NAK reflect (which also means " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> must change its magic). This produces a potentially enormous " +"number of magic number changes, all of which are happily piling into the " +"server's tty buffer. As soon as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> starts on the server, " +"it is flooded with magic number changes and almost immediately decides it " +"has tried enough to negotiate LCP and gives up. Meanwhile, the client, who " +"no longer sees the reflections, becomes happy just in time to see a hangup " +"from the server." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:5806 +msgid "" +"This can be avoided by allowing the peer to start negotiating with the " +"following line in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5845 book.translate.xml:5920 +#: book.translate.xml:5810 book.translate.xml:5885 #, no-wrap msgid "set openmode passive" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5847 -msgid "This tells <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to wait for the server to initiate LCP negotiations. Some servers however may never initiate negotiations. In this case, try something like:" +#: book.translate.xml:5812 +msgid "" +"This tells <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> to wait for the server to initiate LCP " +"negotiations. Some servers however may never initiate negotiations. In this " +"case, try something like:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5852 +#: book.translate.xml:5817 #, no-wrap msgid "set openmode active 3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5854 -msgid "This tells <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to be passive for 3 seconds, and then to start sending LCP requests. If the peer starts sending requests during this period, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> will immediately respond rather than waiting for the full 3 second period." +#: book.translate.xml:5819 +msgid "" +"This tells <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> to be passive for 3 seconds, and then to start " +"sending LCP requests. If the peer starts sending requests during this " +"period, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> will immediately respond rather than waiting for " +"the full 3 second period." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5864 -msgid "LCP negotiations continue until the connection is closed. What is wrong?" +#: book.translate.xml:5829 +msgid "" +"LCP negotiations continue until the connection is closed. What is wrong?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5869 -msgid "There is currently an implementation mis-feature in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> where it does not associate LCP, CCP & IPCP responses with their original requests. As a result, if one PPP implementation is more than 6 seconds slower than the other side, the other side will send two additional LCP configuration requests. This is fatal." +#: book.translate.xml:5834 +msgid "" +"There is currently an implementation mis-feature in " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> where it does not associate LCP, CCP & IPCP responses with " +"their original requests. As a result, if one PPP implementation is more than " +"6 seconds slower than the other side, the other side will send two " +"additional LCP configuration requests. This is fatal." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5877 -msgid "Consider two implementations, <systemitem>A</systemitem> and <systemitem>B</systemitem>. <systemitem>A</systemitem> starts sending LCP requests immediately after connecting and <systemitem>B</systemitem> takes 7 seconds to start. When <systemitem>B</systemitem> starts, <systemitem>A</systemitem> has sent 3 LCP REQs. We are assuming the line has ECHO switched off, otherwise we would see magic number problems as described in the previous section. <systemitem>B</systemitem> sends a REQ, then an ACK to the first of <systemitem>A</systemitem>'s REQs. This results in <systemitem>A</systemitem> entering the <acronym>OPENED</acronym> state and sending and ACK (the first) back to <systemitem>B</systemitem>. In the meantime, <systemitem>B</systemitem> sends back two more ACKs in response to the two additional REQs sent by <systemitem>A</systemitem> before <systemitem>B</systemitem> started up. <systemitem>B</systemitem> then receives the first ACK from <systemitem>A</systemitem> and enters the <acronym>OPENED</acronym> state. <systemitem>A</systemitem> receives the second ACK from <systemitem>B</systemitem> and goes back to the <acronym>REQ-SENT</acronym> state, sending another (forth) REQ as per the RFC. It then receives the third ACK and enters the <acronym>OPENED</acronym> state. In the meantime, <systemitem>B</systemitem> receives the forth REQ from <systemitem>A</systemitem>, resulting in it reverting to the <acronym>ACK-SENT</acronym> state and sending another (second) REQ and (forth) ACK as per the RFC. <systemitem>A</systemitem> gets the REQ, goes into <acronym>REQ-SENT</acronym> and sends another REQ. It immediately receives the following ACK and enters <acronym>OPENED</acronym>." +#: book.translate.xml:5842 +msgid "" +"Consider two implementations, <systemitem>A</systemitem> and <systemitem>B</" +"systemitem>. <systemitem>A</systemitem> starts sending LCP requests " +"immediately after connecting and <systemitem>B</systemitem> takes 7 seconds " +"to start. When <systemitem>B</systemitem> starts, <systemitem>A</systemitem> " +"has sent 3 LCP REQs. We are assuming the line has ECHO switched off, " +"otherwise we would see magic number problems as described in the previous " +"section. <systemitem>B</systemitem> sends a REQ, then an ACK to the first of " +"<systemitem>A</systemitem>'s REQs. This results in <systemitem>A</" +"systemitem> entering the <acronym>OPENED</acronym> state and sending and ACK " +"(the first) back to <systemitem>B</systemitem>. In the meantime, " +"<systemitem>B</systemitem> sends back two more ACKs in response to the two " +"additional REQs sent by <systemitem>A</systemitem> before <systemitem>B</" +"systemitem> started up. <systemitem>B</systemitem> then receives the first " +"ACK from <systemitem>A</systemitem> and enters the <acronym>OPENED</acronym> " +"state. <systemitem>A</systemitem> receives the second ACK from " +"<systemitem>B</systemitem> and goes back to the <acronym>REQ-SENT</acronym> " +"state, sending another (forth) REQ as per the RFC. It then receives the " +"third ACK and enters the <acronym>OPENED</acronym> state. In the meantime, " +"<systemitem>B</systemitem> receives the forth REQ from <systemitem>A</" +"systemitem>, resulting in it reverting to the <acronym>ACK-SENT</acronym> " +"state and sending another (second) REQ and (forth) ACK as per the RFC. " +"<systemitem>A</systemitem> gets the REQ, goes into <acronym>REQ-SENT</" +"acronym> and sends another REQ. It immediately receives the following ACK " +"and enters <acronym>OPENED</acronym>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5912 -msgid "This goes on until one side figures out that they are getting nowhere and gives up." +#: book.translate.xml:5877 +msgid "" +"This goes on until one side figures out that they are getting nowhere and " +"gives up." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5915 -msgid "The best way to avoid this is to configure one side to be <literal>passive</literal> — that is, make one side wait for the other to start negotiating. This can be done with the following command:" +#: book.translate.xml:5880 +msgid "" +"The best way to avoid this is to configure one side to be <literal>passive</" +"literal> — that is, make one side wait for the other to start negotiating. " +"This can be done with the following command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5922 -msgid "Care should be taken with this option. This command can also be used to limit the amount of time that <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> waits for the peer to begin negotiations:" +#: book.translate.xml:5887 +msgid "" +"Care should be taken with this option. This command can also be used to " +"limit the amount of time that <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> waits for the peer to " +"begin negotiations:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5927 +#: book.translate.xml:5892 #, no-wrap msgid "set stopped <replaceable>N</replaceable>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5929 -msgid "Alternatively, the following command (where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the number of seconds to wait before starting negotiations) can be used:" +#: book.translate.xml:5894 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, the following command (where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is " +"the number of seconds to wait before starting negotiations) can be used:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5933 +#: book.translate.xml:5898 #, no-wrap msgid "set openmode active <replaceable>N</replaceable>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5935 +#: book.translate.xml:5900 msgid "Check the manual page for details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5941 -msgid "Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> lock up when I shell out to test it?" +#: book.translate.xml:5906 +msgid "" +"Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> lock up when I shell out to test it?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5946 -msgid "When using <command>shell</command> or <command>!</command>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> executes a shell or the passed arguments. The <application>ppp</application> program will wait for the command to complete before continuing. Any attempt to use the PPP link while running the command will appear as a frozen link. This is because <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is waiting for the command to complete." +#: book.translate.xml:5911 +msgid "" +"When using <command>shell</command> or <command>!</command>, " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> executes a shell or the passed arguments. The " +"<application>ppp</application> program will wait for the command to complete " +"before continuing. Any attempt to use the PPP link while running the command " +"will appear as a frozen link. This is because " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> is waiting for the command to complete." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5955 -msgid "To execute commands like this, use <command>!bg</command> instead. This will execute the given command in the background, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> can continue to service the link." +#: book.translate.xml:5920 +msgid "" +"To execute commands like this, use <command>!bg</command> instead. This will " +"execute the given command in the background, and " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> can continue to service the link." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5964 -msgid "Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> over a null-modem cable never exit?" +#: book.translate.xml:5929 +msgid "" +"Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> over a null-modem cable never exit?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5969 -msgid "There is no way for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to automatically determine that a direct connection has been dropped. This is due to the lines that are used in a null-modem serial cable. When using this sort of connection, LQR should always be enabled with the following line:" +#: book.translate.xml:5934 +msgid "" +"There is no way for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to automatically " +"determine that a direct connection has been dropped. This is due to the " +"lines that are used in a null-modem serial cable. When using this sort of " +"connection, LQR should always be enabled with the following line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5977 +#: book.translate.xml:5942 msgid "LQR is accepted by default if negotiated by the peer." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:5984 -msgid "Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> dial for no reason in <option>-auto</option> mode?" +#: book.translate.xml:5949 +msgid "" +"Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> dial for no reason in <option>-auto</option> mode?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5989 -msgid "If <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is dialing unexpectedly, determine the cause, and set up dial filters to prevent such dialing." +#: book.translate.xml:5954 +msgid "" +"If <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> is dialing unexpectedly, determine the cause, and set up dial " +"filters to prevent such dialing." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5993 +#: book.translate.xml:5958 msgid "To determine the cause, use the following line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5995 +#: book.translate.xml:5960 #, no-wrap msgid "set log +tcp/ip" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:5997 -msgid "This will log all traffic through the connection. The next time the line comes up unexpectedly, the reason will be logged with a convenient timestamp next to it." +#: book.translate.xml:5962 +msgid "" +"This will log all traffic through the connection. The next time the line " +"comes up unexpectedly, the reason will be logged with a convenient timestamp " +"next to it." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6002 -msgid "Next, disable dialing under these circumstances. Usually, this sort of problem arises due to DNS lookups. To prevent DNS lookups from establishing a connection (this will <emphasis>not</emphasis> prevent <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> from passing the packets through an established connection), use the following:" +#: book.translate.xml:5967 +msgid "" +"Next, disable dialing under these circumstances. Usually, this sort of " +"problem arises due to DNS lookups. To prevent DNS lookups from establishing " +"a connection (this will <emphasis>not</emphasis> prevent " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> from passing the packets through an established connection), " +"use the following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6009 +#: book.translate.xml:5974 #, no-wrap msgid "" "set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53\n" @@ -5077,38 +7849,52 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6013 -msgid "This is not always suitable, as it will effectively break demand-dial capabilities. Most programs will need a DNS lookup before doing any other network related things." +#: book.translate.xml:5978 +msgid "" +"This is not always suitable, as it will effectively break demand-dial " +"capabilities. Most programs will need a DNS lookup before doing any other " +"network related things." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6018 -msgid "In the DNS case, try to determine what is actually trying to resolve a host name. A lot of the time, <application>Sendmail</application> is the culprit. Make sure to configure <application>Sendmail</application> not to do any DNS lookups in its configuration file. See the section on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/smtp-dialup.html\">using email with a dialup connection</link> in the FreeBSD Handbook for details. You may also want to add the following line to <filename>.mc</filename>:" +#: book.translate.xml:5983 +msgid "" +"In the DNS case, try to determine what is actually trying to resolve a host " +"name. A lot of the time, <application>Sendmail</application> is the culprit. " +"Make sure to configure <application>Sendmail</application> not to do any DNS " +"lookups in its configuration file. See the section on <link xlink:href=" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/smtp-dialup.html" +"\">using email with a dialup connection</link> in the FreeBSD Handbook for " +"details. You may also want to add the following line to <filename>.mc</" +"filename>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6029 +#: book.translate.xml:5994 #, no-wrap msgid "define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6031 -msgid "This will make <application>Sendmail</application> queue everything until the queue is run, usually, every 30 minutes, or until a <command>sendmail -q</command> is done, perhaps from <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>." +#: book.translate.xml:5996 +msgid "" +"This will make <application>Sendmail</application> queue everything until " +"the queue is run, usually, every 30 minutes, or until a <command>sendmail -" +"q</command> is done, perhaps from <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6041 +#: book.translate.xml:6006 msgid "What do these CCP errors mean?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6045 +#: book.translate.xml:6010 msgid "I keep seeing the following errors in my log file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6048 +#: book.translate.xml:6013 #, no-wrap msgid "" "CCP: CcpSendConfigReq\n" @@ -5116,44 +7902,57 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6051 -msgid "This is because <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is trying to negotiate Predictor1 compression, but the peer does not want to negotiate any compression at all. The messages are harmless, but can be silenced by disabling the compression:" +#: book.translate.xml:6016 +msgid "" +"This is because <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is trying to negotiate " +"Predictor1 compression, but the peer does not want to negotiate any " +"compression at all. The messages are harmless, but can be silenced by " +"disabling the compression:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6057 +#: book.translate.xml:6022 #, no-wrap msgid "disable pred1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6063 -msgid "Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> not log my connection speed?" +#: book.translate.xml:6028 +msgid "" +"Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> not log my connection speed?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6068 +#: book.translate.xml:6033 msgid "To log all lines of the modem conversation, enable the following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6072 +#: book.translate.xml:6037 #, no-wrap msgid "set log +connect" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6074 -msgid "This will make <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> log everything up until the last requested <quote>expect</quote> string." +#: book.translate.xml:6039 +msgid "" +"This will make <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> log everything up until the last requested " +"<quote>expect</quote> string." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6077 -msgid "To see the connect speed when using PAP or CHAP, make sure to configure <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to expect the whole CONNECT line, using something like this:" +#: book.translate.xml:6042 +msgid "" +"To see the connect speed when using PAP or CHAP, make sure to configure " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> to expect the whole CONNECT line, using something like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6083 +#: book.translate.xml:6048 #, no-wrap msgid "" "set dial \"ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \\\n" @@ -5161,43 +7960,58 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6086 -msgid "This gets the CONNECT, sends nothing, then expects a line-feed, forcing <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to read the whole CONNECT response." +#: book.translate.xml:6051 +msgid "" +"This gets the CONNECT, sends nothing, then expects a line-feed, forcing " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> to read the whole CONNECT response." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6094 -msgid "Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> ignore the <literal>\\</literal> character in my chat script?" +#: book.translate.xml:6059 +msgid "" +"Why does <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> ignore the <literal>\\</literal> character in my " +"chat script?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6099 -msgid "The <application>ppp</application> utility parses each line in its configuration files so that it can interpret strings such as <literal>set phone \"123 456 789\"</literal> correctly and realize that the number is actually only one argument. To specify a <literal>\"</literal> character, escape it using a backslash (<literal>\\</literal>)." +#: book.translate.xml:6064 +msgid "" +"The <application>ppp</application> utility parses each line in its " +"configuration files so that it can interpret strings such as <literal>set " +"phone \"123 456 789\"</literal> correctly and realize that the number is " +"actually only one argument. To specify a <literal>\"</literal> character, " +"escape it using a backslash (<literal>\\</literal>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6107 -msgid "When the chat interpreter parses each argument, it re-interprets the argument to find any special escape sequences such as <literal>\\P</literal> or <literal>\\T</literal>. As a result of this double-parsing, remember to use the correct number of escapes." +#: book.translate.xml:6072 +msgid "" +"When the chat interpreter parses each argument, it re-interprets the " +"argument to find any special escape sequences such as <literal>\\P</literal> " +"or <literal>\\T</literal>. As a result of this double-parsing, remember to " +"use the correct number of escapes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6114 +#: book.translate.xml:6079 msgid "To actually send a <literal>\\</literal> character, do something like:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6118 +#: book.translate.xml:6083 #, no-wrap msgid "set dial \"\\\"\\\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\\\\\X OK\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6120 book.translate.xml:6132 +#: book.translate.xml:6085 book.translate.xml:6097 msgid "It will result in the following sequence:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6122 +#: book.translate.xml:6087 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ATZ\n" @@ -5207,12 +8021,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6127 +#: book.translate.xml:6092 msgid "Or:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6129 +#: book.translate.xml:6094 #, no-wrap msgid "" "set phone 1234567\n" @@ -5220,7 +8034,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6134 +#: book.translate.xml:6099 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ATZ\n" @@ -5229,105 +8043,154 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6142 +#: book.translate.xml:6107 msgid "What are FCS errors?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6146 -msgid "FCS stands for Frame Check Sequence. Each PPP packet has a checksum attached to ensure that the data being received is the data being sent. If the FCS of an incoming packet is incorrect, the packet is dropped and the HDLC FCS count is increased. The HDLC error values can be displayed using the <literal>show hdlc</literal> command." +#: book.translate.xml:6111 +msgid "" +"FCS stands for Frame Check Sequence. Each PPP packet has a checksum attached " +"to ensure that the data being received is the data being sent. If the FCS of " +"an incoming packet is incorrect, the packet is dropped and the HDLC FCS " +"count is increased. The HDLC error values can be displayed using the " +"<literal>show hdlc</literal> command." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6154 -msgid "If the link is bad or if the serial driver is dropping packets, it will produce the occasional FCS error. This is not usually worth worrying about although it does slow down the compression protocols substantially." +#: book.translate.xml:6119 +msgid "" +"If the link is bad or if the serial driver is dropping packets, it will " +"produce the occasional FCS error. This is not usually worth worrying about " +"although it does slow down the compression protocols substantially." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6159 -msgid "If the link freezes as soon as it connects and produces a large number of FCS errors, make sure the modem is not using software flow control (XON/XOFF). If the link must use software flow control, use <literal>set accmap 0x000a0000</literal> to tell <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to escape the <literal>^Q</literal> and <literal>^S</literal> characters." +#: book.translate.xml:6124 +msgid "" +"If the link freezes as soon as it connects and produces a large number of " +"FCS errors, make sure the modem is not using software flow control (XON/" +"XOFF). If the link must use software flow control, use <literal>set accmap " +"0x000a0000</literal> to tell <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to escape the " +"<literal>^Q</literal> and <literal>^S</literal> characters." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6167 -msgid "Another reason for too many FCS errors may be that the remote end has stopped talking <acronym>PPP</acronym>. In this case, enable <literal>async</literal> logging to determine if the incoming data is actually a login or shell prompt. If it is a shell prompt at the remote end, it is possible to terminate <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> without dropping the line by using <command>close lcp</command> followed by <command>term</command>) to reconnect to the shell on the remote machine." +#: book.translate.xml:6132 +msgid "" +"Another reason for too many FCS errors may be that the remote end has " +"stopped talking <acronym>PPP</acronym>. In this case, enable <literal>async</" +"literal> logging to determine if the incoming data is actually a login or " +"shell prompt. If it is a shell prompt at the remote end, it is possible to " +"terminate <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> without dropping the line by using <command>close " +"lcp</command> followed by <command>term</command>) to reconnect to the shell " +"on the remote machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6178 -msgid "If nothing in the log file indicates why the link was terminated, ask the remote administrator or ISP why the session was terminated." +#: book.translate.xml:6143 +msgid "" +"If nothing in the log file indicates why the link was terminated, ask the " +"remote administrator or ISP why the session was terminated." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6187 +#: book.translate.xml:6152 msgid "None of this helps — I am desperate! What can I do?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6192 -msgid "If all else fails, send the details of the error, the configuration files, how <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is being started, the relevant parts of the log file, and the output of <command>netstat -rn</command>, before and after connecting, to the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions\">FreeBSD general questions mailing list</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:6157 +msgid "" +"If all else fails, send the details of the error, the configuration files, " +"how <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> is being started, the relevant parts of the log " +"file, and the output of <command>netstat -rn</command>, before and after " +"connecting, to the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/" +"listinfo/freebsd-questions\">FreeBSD general questions mailing list</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:6203 +#: book.translate.xml:6168 msgid "Serial Communications" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/para -#: book.translate.xml:6205 -msgid "This section answers common questions about serial communications with FreeBSD. PPP is covered in the <link linkend=\"networking\">Networking</link> section." +#: book.translate.xml:6170 +msgid "" +"This section answers common questions about serial communications with " +"FreeBSD. PPP is covered in the <link linkend=\"networking\">Networking</" +"link> section." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6211 +#: book.translate.xml:6176 msgid "Which multi-port serial cards are supported by FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6216 -msgid "There is a list of these in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/serial.html\">Serial Communications</link> chapter of the Handbook." +#: book.translate.xml:6181 +msgid "" +"There is a list of these in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/serial.html\">Serial Communications</link> " +"chapter of the Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6219 -msgid "Most multi-port PCI cards that are based on 16550 or clones are supported with no extra effort." +#: book.translate.xml:6184 +msgid "" +"Most multi-port PCI cards that are based on 16550 or clones are supported " +"with no extra effort." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6222 -msgid "Some unnamed clone cards have also been known to work, especially those that claim to be AST compatible." +#: book.translate.xml:6187 +msgid "" +"Some unnamed clone cards have also been known to work, especially those that " +"claim to be AST compatible." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6225 -msgid "Check <citerefentry><refentrytitle>uart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> to get more information on configuring such cards." +#: book.translate.xml:6190 +msgid "" +"Check <citerefentry><refentrytitle>uart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sio</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> to get more " +"information on configuring such cards." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6232 +#: book.translate.xml:6197 msgid "How do I get the boot: prompt to show on the serial console?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6237 -msgid "See <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/serialconsole-setup.html\">this section of the Handbook</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:6202 +msgid "" +"See <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" +"serialconsole-setup.html\">this section of the Handbook</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6244 +#: book.translate.xml:6209 msgid "How do I tell if FreeBSD found my serial ports or modem cards?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6249 -msgid "As the FreeBSD kernel boots, it will probe for the serial ports for which the kernel is configured. Either watch the boot messages closely or run this command after the system is up and running:" +#: book.translate.xml:6214 +msgid "" +"As the FreeBSD kernel boots, it will probe for the serial ports for which " +"the kernel is configured. Either watch the boot messages closely or run this " +"command after the system is up and running:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6255 +#: book.translate.xml:6220 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>dmesg | grep -E \"^sio[0-9]\"</userinput>\n" +"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>grep -E '^(sio|uart)[0-9]' < /var/run/dmesg.boot</userinput>\n" "sio0: <16550A-compatible COM port> port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on acpi0\n" "sio0: type 16550A\n" "sio1: <16550A-compatible COM port> port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on acpi0\n" @@ -5335,53 +8198,89 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6261 -msgid "This example shows two serial ports. The first is on IRQ4, port address <literal>0x3f8</literal>, and has a 16550A-type UART chip. The second uses the same kind of chip but is on IRQ3 and is at port address <literal>0x2f8</literal>. Internal modem cards are treated just like serial ports, except that they always have a modem attached to the port." +#: book.translate.xml:6226 +msgid "" +"This example shows two serial ports. The first is on IRQ4, port address " +"<literal>0x3f8</literal>, and has a 16550A-type UART chip. The second uses " +"the same kind of chip but is on IRQ3 and is at port address <literal>0x2f8</" +"literal>. Internal modem cards are treated just like serial ports, except " +"that they always have a modem attached to the port." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6271 -msgid "The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel includes support for two serial ports using the same IRQ and port address settings in the above example. If these settings are not right for the system, or if there are more modem cards or serial ports than the kernel is configured for, reconfigure using the instructions in <link linkend=\"make-kernel\">building a kernel</link> for more details." +#: book.translate.xml:6236 +msgid "" +"The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel includes support for two serial " +"ports using the same IRQ and port address settings in the above example. If " +"these settings are not right for the system, or if there are more modem " +"cards or serial ports than the kernel is configured for, reconfigure using " +"the instructions in <link linkend=\"make-kernel\">building a kernel</link> " +"for more details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6284 +#: book.translate.xml:6249 msgid "How do I access the serial ports on FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6288 -msgid "The third serial port, <filename>sio2</filename>, or <filename>COM3</filename>, is on <filename>/dev/cuad2</filename> for dial-out devices, and on <filename>/dev/ttyd2</filename> for dial-in devices. What is the difference between these two classes of devices?" +#: book.translate.xml:6253 +msgid "" +"The third serial port, <filename>sio2</filename>, or <filename>COM3</" +"filename>, is on <filename>/dev/cuad2</filename> for dial-out devices, and " +"on <filename>/dev/ttyd2</filename> for dial-in devices. What is the " +"difference between these two classes of devices?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6295 -msgid "When opening <filename>/dev/ttydX</filename> in blocking mode, a process will wait for the corresponding <filename>cuadX</filename> device to become inactive, and then wait for the carrier detect line to go active. When the <filename>cuadX</filename> device is opened, it makes sure the serial port is not already in use by the <filename>ttydX</filename> device. If the port is available, it steals it from the <filename>ttydX</filename> device. Also, the <filename>cuadX</filename> device does not care about carrier detect. With this scheme and an auto-answer modem, remote users can log in and local users can still dial out with the same modem and the system will take care of all the conflicts." +#: book.translate.xml:6260 +msgid "" +"When opening <filename>/dev/ttydX</filename> in blocking mode, a process " +"will wait for the corresponding <filename>cuadX</filename> device to become " +"inactive, and then wait for the carrier detect line to go active. When the " +"<filename>cuadX</filename> device is opened, it makes sure the serial port " +"is not already in use by the <filename>ttydX</filename> device. If the port " +"is available, it steals it from the <filename>ttydX</filename> device. Also, " +"the <filename>cuadX</filename> device does not care about carrier detect. " +"With this scheme and an auto-answer modem, remote users can log in and local " +"users can still dial out with the same modem and the system will take care " +"of all the conflicts." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6315 +#: book.translate.xml:6280 msgid "How do I enable support for a multi-port serial card?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6320 -msgid "The section on kernel configuration provides information about configuring the kernel. For a multi-port serial card, place an <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> line for each serial port on the card in the <citerefentry vendor=\"current\"><refentrytitle>device.hints</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file. But place the IRQ specifiers on only one of the entries. All of the ports on the card should share one IRQ. For consistency, use the last serial port to specify the IRQ. Also, specify the following option in the kernel configuration file:" +#: book.translate.xml:6285 +msgid "" +"The section on kernel configuration provides information about configuring " +"the kernel. For a multi-port serial card, place an " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> line for each serial port on the card in the <citerefentry " +"vendor=\"current\"><refentrytitle>device.hints</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> file. But place the IRQ specifiers on only one of " +"the entries. All of the ports on the card should share one IRQ. For " +"consistency, use the last serial port to specify the IRQ. Also, specify the " +"following option in the kernel configuration file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6330 +#: book.translate.xml:6295 #, no-wrap msgid "options COM_MULTIPORT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6332 -msgid "The following <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> example is for an AST 4-port serial card on IRQ 12:" +#: book.translate.xml:6297 +msgid "" +"The following <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> example is for an AST " +"4-port serial card on IRQ 12:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6336 +#: book.translate.xml:6301 #, no-wrap msgid "" "hint.sio.4.at=\"isa\"\n" @@ -5400,57 +8299,82 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6350 -msgid "The flags indicate that the master port has minor number <literal>7</literal> (<literal>0x700</literal>), and all the ports share an IRQ (<literal>0x001</literal>)." +#: book.translate.xml:6315 +msgid "" +"The flags indicate that the master port has minor number <literal>7</" +"literal> (<literal>0x700</literal>), and all the ports share an IRQ " +"(<literal>0x001</literal>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6359 +#: book.translate.xml:6324 msgid "Can I set the default serial parameters for a port?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6364 -msgid "See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/serial.html#serial-hw-config\">Serial Communications</link> section in the FreeBSD Handbook." +#: book.translate.xml:6329 +msgid "" +"See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" +"handbook/serial.html#serial-hw-config\">Serial Communications</link> section " +"in the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6372 +#: book.translate.xml:6337 msgid "How can I enable dialup logins on my modem?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6376 -msgid "Refer to the section about <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/dialup.html\">Dial-in Services</link> in the FreeBSD Handbook." +#: book.translate.xml:6341 +msgid "" +"Refer to the section about <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/dialup.html\">Dial-in Services</link> in the " +"FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6383 +#: book.translate.xml:6348 msgid "How can I connect a dumb terminal to my FreeBSD box?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6388 -msgid "This information is in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/term.html\">Terminals</link> section of the FreeBSD Handbook." +#: book.translate.xml:6353 +msgid "" +"This information is in the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US." +"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/term.html\">Terminals</link> section of the FreeBSD " +"Handbook." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6395 +#: book.translate.xml:6360 msgid "Why can I not run <command>tip</command> or <command>cu</command>?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6400 -msgid "The built-in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cu</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utilities can only access the <filename>/var/spool/lock</filename> directory via user <systemitem class=\"username\">uucp</systemitem> and group <systemitem class=\"groupname\">dialer</systemitem>. Use the <systemitem class=\"groupname\">dialer</systemitem> group to control who has access to the modem or remote systems by adding user accounts to <systemitem class=\"groupname\">dialer</systemitem>." +#: book.translate.xml:6365 +msgid "" +"The built-in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cu</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utilities can only " +"access the <filename>/var/spool/lock</filename> directory via user " +"<systemitem class=\"username\">uucp</systemitem> and group <systemitem class=" +"\"groupname\">dialer</systemitem>. Use the <systemitem class=\"groupname" +"\">dialer</systemitem> group to control who has access to the modem or " +"remote systems by adding user accounts to <systemitem class=\"groupname" +"\">dialer</systemitem>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6409 -msgid "Alternatively, everyone can be configured to run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cu</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> by typing:" +#: book.translate.xml:6374 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, everyone can be configured to run " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cu</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> by typing:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6412 +#: book.translate.xml:6377 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chmod 4511 /usr/bin/cu</userinput>\n" @@ -5458,614 +8382,907 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:6420 +#: book.translate.xml:6385 msgid "Miscellaneous Questions" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6425 -msgid "FreeBSD uses a lot of swap space even when the computer has free memory left. Why?" +#: book.translate.xml:6390 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD uses a lot of swap space even when the computer has free memory " +"left. Why?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6430 -msgid "FreeBSD will proactively move entirely idle, unused pages of main memory into swap in order to make more main memory available for active use. This heavy use of swap is balanced by using the extra free memory for caching." +#: book.translate.xml:6395 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD will proactively move entirely idle, unused pages of main memory " +"into swap in order to make more main memory available for active use. This " +"heavy use of swap is balanced by using the extra free memory for caching." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6436 -msgid "Note that while FreeBSD is proactive in this regard, it does not arbitrarily decide to swap pages when the system is truly idle. Thus, the system will not be all paged out after leaving it idle overnight." +#: book.translate.xml:6401 +msgid "" +"Note that while FreeBSD is proactive in this regard, it does not arbitrarily " +"decide to swap pages when the system is truly idle. Thus, the system will " +"not be all paged out after leaving it idle overnight." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6446 -msgid "Why does <command>top</command> show very little free memory even when I have very few programs running?" +#: book.translate.xml:6411 +msgid "" +"Why does <command>top</command> show very little free memory even when I " +"have very few programs running?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6451 -msgid "The simple answer is that free memory is wasted memory. Any memory that programs do not actively allocate is used within the FreeBSD kernel as disk cache. The values shown by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> labeled as <literal>Inact</literal>, <literal>Cache</literal>, and <literal>Buf</literal> are all cached data at different aging levels. This cached data means the system does not have to access a slow disk again for data it has accessed recently, thus increasing overall performance. In general, a low value shown for <literal>Free</literal> memory in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is good, provided it is not <emphasis>very</emphasis> low." +#: book.translate.xml:6416 +msgid "" +"The simple answer is that free memory is wasted memory. Any memory that " +"programs do not actively allocate is used within the FreeBSD kernel as disk " +"cache. The values shown by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> labeled as " +"<literal>Inact</literal> and <literal>Laundry</literal> are cached data at " +"different aging levels. This cached data means the system does not have to " +"access a slow disk again for data it has accessed recently, thus increasing " +"overall performance. In general, a low value shown for <literal>Free</" +"literal> memory in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is good, provided it " +"is not <emphasis>very</emphasis> low." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6468 -msgid "Why will <command>chmod</command> not change the permissions on symlinks?" +#: book.translate.xml:6433 +msgid "" +"Why will <command>chmod</command> not change the permissions on symlinks?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6473 -msgid "Symlinks do not have permissions, and by default, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> will follow symlinks to change the permissions on the source file, if possible. For the file, <filename>foo</filename> with a symlink named <filename>bar</filename>, this command will always succeed." +#: book.translate.xml:6438 +msgid "" +"Symlinks do not have permissions, and by default, " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> will follow symlinks to change the permissions on the source " +"file, if possible. For the file, <filename>foo</filename> with a symlink " +"named <filename>bar</filename>, this command will always succeed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6480 +#: book.translate.xml:6445 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>chmod g-w bar</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6482 -msgid "However, the permissions on <filename>bar</filename> will not have changed." +#: book.translate.xml:6447 +msgid "" +"However, the permissions on <filename>bar</filename> will not have changed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6485 -msgid "When changing modes of the file hierarchies rooted in the files instead of the files themselves, use either <option>-H</option> or <option>-L</option> together with <option>-R</option> to make this work. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>symlink</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information." +#: book.translate.xml:6450 +msgid "" +"When changing modes of the file hierarchies rooted in the files instead of " +"the files themselves, use either <option>-H</option> or <option>-L</option> " +"together with <option>-R</option> to make this work. See " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>symlink</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:6493 -msgid "<option>-R</option> does a <emphasis>recursive</emphasis> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Be careful about specifying directories or symlinks to directories to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. To change the permissions of a directory referenced by a symlink, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> without any options and follow the symlink with a trailing slash (<filename>/</filename>). For example, if <filename>foo</filename> is a symlink to directory <filename>bar</filename>, to change the permissions of <filename>foo</filename> (actually <filename>bar</filename>), do something like:" +#: book.translate.xml:6458 +msgid "" +"<option>-R</option> does a <emphasis>recursive</emphasis> " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry>. Be careful about specifying directories or symlinks to " +"directories to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. To change the " +"permissions of a directory referenced by a symlink, use " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> without any options and follow the symlink with a trailing " +"slash (<filename>/</filename>). For example, if <filename>foo</filename> is " +"a symlink to directory <filename>bar</filename>, to change the permissions " +"of <filename>foo</filename> (actually <filename>bar</filename>), do " +"something like:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6506 +#: book.translate.xml:6471 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>chmod 555 foo/</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:6508 -msgid "With the trailing slash, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> will follow the symlink, <filename>foo</filename>, to change the permissions of the directory, <filename>bar</filename>." +#: book.translate.xml:6473 +msgid "" +"With the trailing slash, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> will follow the " +"symlink, <filename>foo</filename>, to change the permissions of the " +"directory, <filename>bar</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6518 +#: book.translate.xml:6483 msgid "Can I run DOS binaries under FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6522 -msgid "Yes. A DOS emulation program, <package>emulators/doscmd</package>, is available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection." +#: book.translate.xml:6487 +msgid "" +"Yes. A DOS emulation program, <package>emulators/doscmd</package>, is " +"available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6526 -msgid "If <application>doscmd</application> will not suffice, <package>emulators/pcemu</package> emulates an 8088 and enough BIOS services to run many DOS text-mode applications. It requires the X Window System." +#: book.translate.xml:6491 +msgid "" +"If <application>doscmd</application> will not suffice, <package>emulators/" +"pcemu</package> emulates an 8088 and enough BIOS services to run many DOS " +"text-mode applications. It requires the X Window System." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6532 -msgid "The Ports Collection also has <package>emulators/dosbox</package>. The main focus of this application is emulating old DOS games using the local file system for files." +#: book.translate.xml:6497 +msgid "" +"The Ports Collection also has <package>emulators/dosbox</package>. The main " +"focus of this application is emulating old DOS games using the local file " +"system for files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6541 -msgid "What do I need to do to translate a FreeBSD document into my native language?" +#: book.translate.xml:6506 +msgid "" +"What do I need to do to translate a FreeBSD document into my native language?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6546 -msgid "See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/translations.html\">Translation <acronym>FAQ</acronym></link> in the FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer." +#: book.translate.xml:6511 +msgid "" +"See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-" +"primer/translations.html\">Translation <acronym>FAQ</acronym></link> in the " +"FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6554 -msgid "Why does my email to any address at <systemitem class=\"fqdomainname\">FreeBSD.org</systemitem> bounce?" +#: book.translate.xml:6519 +msgid "" +"Why does my email to any address at <systemitem class=\"fqdomainname" +"\">FreeBSD.org</systemitem> bounce?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6559 -msgid "The <systemitem class=\"fqdomainname\">FreeBSD.org</systemitem> mail system implements some <application>Postfix</application> checks on incoming mail and rejects mail that is either from misconfigured relays or otherwise appears likely to be spam. Some of the specific requirements are:" +#: book.translate.xml:6524 +msgid "" +"The <systemitem class=\"fqdomainname\">FreeBSD.org</systemitem> mail system " +"implements some <application>Postfix</application> checks on incoming mail " +"and rejects mail that is either from misconfigured relays or otherwise " +"appears likely to be spam. Some of the specific requirements are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:6568 -msgid "The IP address of the SMTP client must \"reverse-resolve\" to a forward confirmed hostname." +#: book.translate.xml:6532 +msgid "" +"The IP address of the SMTP client must \"reverse-resolve\" to a forward " +"confirmed hostname." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:6574 -msgid "The fully-qualified hostname given in the SMTP conversation (either HELO or EHLO) must resolve to the IP address of the client." +#: book.translate.xml:6538 +msgid "" +"The fully-qualified hostname given in the SMTP conversation (either HELO or " +"EHLO) must resolve to the IP address of the client." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6580 +#: book.translate.xml:6544 msgid "Other advice to help mail reach its destination include:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:6585 -msgid "Mail should be sent in plain text, and messages sent to mailing lists should generally be no more than 200KB in length." +#: book.translate.xml:6549 +msgid "" +"Mail should be sent in plain text, and messages sent to mailing lists should " +"generally be no more than 200KB in length." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:6591 -msgid "Avoid excessive cross posting. Choose <emphasis>one</emphasis> mailing list which seems most relevant and send it there." +#: book.translate.xml:6555 +msgid "" +"Avoid excessive cross posting. Choose <emphasis>one</emphasis> mailing list " +"which seems most relevant and send it there." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6597 -msgid "If you still have trouble with email infrastructure at <systemitem class=\"fqdomainname\">FreeBSD.org</systemitem>, send a note with the details to <email>postmaster@freebsd.org</email>; Include a date/time interval so that logs may be reviewed — and note that we only keep one week's worth of mail logs. (Be sure to specify the time zone or offset from UTC.)" +#: book.translate.xml:6561 +msgid "" +"If you still have trouble with email infrastructure at <systemitem class=" +"\"fqdomainname\">FreeBSD.org</systemitem>, send a note with the details to " +"<email>postmaster@freebsd.org</email>; Include a date/time interval so that " +"logs may be reviewed — and note that we only keep one week's worth of mail " +"logs. (Be sure to specify the time zone or offset from UTC.)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6610 +#: book.translate.xml:6574 msgid "Where can I find a free FreeBSD account?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6614 -msgid "While FreeBSD does not provide open access to any of their servers, others do provide open access <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> systems. The charge varies and limited services may be available." +#: book.translate.xml:6578 +msgid "" +"While FreeBSD does not provide open access to any of their servers, others " +"do provide open access <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> " +"systems. The charge varies and limited services may be available." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6619 -msgid "<link xlink:href=\"http://www.arbornet.org/\">Arbornet, Inc</link>, also known as <emphasis>M-Net</emphasis>, has been providing open access to <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> systems since 1983. Starting on an Altos running System III, the site switched to BSD/OS in 1991. In June of 2000, the site switched again to FreeBSD. <emphasis>M-Net</emphasis> can be accessed via <application>telnet</application> and <application>SSH</application> and provides basic access to the entire FreeBSD software suite. However, network access is limited to members and patrons who donate to the system, which is run as a non-profit organization. <emphasis>M-Net</emphasis> also provides an bulletin board system and interactive chat." +#: book.translate.xml:6583 +msgid "" +"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.arbornet.org/\">Arbornet, Inc</link>, also " +"known as <emphasis>M-Net</emphasis>, has been providing open access to " +"<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> systems since 1983. " +"Starting on an Altos running System III, the site switched to BSD/OS in " +"1991. In June of 2000, the site switched again to FreeBSD. <emphasis>M-Net</" +"emphasis> can be accessed via <application>telnet</application> and " +"<application>SSH</application> and provides basic access to the entire " +"FreeBSD software suite. However, network access is limited to members and " +"patrons who donate to the system, which is run as a non-profit organization. " +"<emphasis>M-Net</emphasis> also provides an bulletin board system and " +"interactive chat." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6637 +#: book.translate.xml:6601 msgid "What is the cute little red guy's name?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6641 -msgid "He does not have one, and is just called <quote>the BSD daemon</quote>. If you insist upon using a name, call him <quote>beastie</quote>. Note that <quote>beastie</quote> is pronounced <quote>BSD</quote>." +#: book.translate.xml:6605 +msgid "" +"He does not have one, and is just called <quote>the BSD daemon</quote>. If " +"you insist upon using a name, call him <quote>beastie</quote>. Note that " +"<quote>beastie</quote> is pronounced <quote>BSD</quote>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6647 -msgid "More about the BSD daemon is available on his <link xlink:href=\"http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/index.html\">home page</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:6611 +msgid "" +"More about the BSD daemon is available on his <link xlink:href=\"http://www." +"mckusick.com/beastie/index.html\">home page</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6654 +#: book.translate.xml:6618 msgid "Can I use the BSD daemon image?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6658 -msgid "Perhaps. The BSD daemon is copyrighted by Marshall Kirk McKusick. Check his <link xlink:href=\"http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/mainpage/copyright.html\">Statement on the Use of the BSD Daemon Figure</link> for detailed usage terms." +#: book.translate.xml:6622 +msgid "" +"Perhaps. The BSD daemon is copyrighted by Marshall Kirk McKusick. Check his " +"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/mainpage/copyright.html" +"\">Statement on the Use of the BSD Daemon Figure</link> for detailed usage " +"terms." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6663 -msgid "In summary, the image can be used in a tasteful manner, for personal use, so long as appropriate credit is given. Before using the logo commercially, contact Kirk McKusick <email>mckusick@FreeBSD.org</email> for permission. More details are available on the <link xlink:href=\"http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/index.html\">BSD Daemon's home page</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:6627 +msgid "" +"In summary, the image can be used in a tasteful manner, for personal use, so " +"long as appropriate credit is given. Before using the logo commercially, " +"contact Kirk McKusick <email>mckusick@FreeBSD.org</email> for permission. " +"More details are available on the <link xlink:href=\"http://www.mckusick.com/" +"beastie/index.html\">BSD Daemon's home page</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6674 +#: book.translate.xml:6638 msgid "Do you have any BSD daemon images I could use?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6678 -msgid "Xfig and eps drawings are available under <filename>/usr/share/examples/BSD_daemon/</filename>." +#: book.translate.xml:6642 +msgid "" +"Xfig and eps drawings are available under <filename>/usr/share/examples/" +"BSD_daemon/</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6685 -msgid "I have seen an acronym or other term on the mailing lists and I do not understand what it means. Where should I look?" +#: book.translate.xml:6649 +msgid "" +"I have seen an acronym or other term on the mailing lists and I do not " +"understand what it means. Where should I look?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6691 -msgid "Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/freebsd-glossary.html\">FreeBSD Glossary</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:6655 +msgid "" +"Refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/" +"handbook/freebsd-glossary.html\">FreeBSD Glossary</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6698 +#: book.translate.xml:6662 msgid "Why should I care what color the bikeshed is?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6702 -msgid "The really, really short answer is that you should not. The somewhat longer answer is that just because you are capable of building a bikeshed does not mean you should stop others from building one just because you do not like the color they plan to paint it. This is a metaphor indicating that you need not argue about every little feature just because you know enough to do so. Some people have commented that the amount of noise generated by a change is inversely proportional to the complexity of the change." +#: book.translate.xml:6666 +msgid "" +"The really, really short answer is that you should not. The somewhat longer " +"answer is that just because you are capable of building a bikeshed does not " +"mean you should stop others from building one just because you do not like " +"the color they plan to paint it. This is a metaphor indicating that you need " +"not argue about every little feature just because you know enough to do so. " +"Some people have commented that the amount of noise generated by a change is " +"inversely proportional to the complexity of the change." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6713 -msgid "The longer and more complete answer is that after a very long argument about whether <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sleep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> should take fractional second arguments, Poul-Henning Kamp <email>phk@FreeBSD.org</email> posted a long message entitled <quote><link xlink:href=\"http://www.bikeshed.com\">A bike shed (any color will do) on greener grass...</link></quote>. The appropriate portions of that message are quoted below." +#: book.translate.xml:6677 +msgid "" +"The longer and more complete answer is that after a very long argument about " +"whether <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sleep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> should take fractional second arguments, Poul-" +"Henning Kamp <email>phk@FreeBSD.org</email> posted a long message entitled " +"<quote><link xlink:href=\"http://www.bikeshed.com\">A bike shed (any color " +"will do) on greener grass...</link></quote>. The appropriate portions of " +"that message are quoted below." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/attribution -#: book.translate.xml:6722 -msgid "Poul-Henning Kamp <email>phk@FreeBSD.org</email> on <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers\">freebsd-hackers</link>, October 2, 1999" +#: book.translate.xml:6686 +msgid "" +"Poul-Henning Kamp <email>phk@FreeBSD.org</email> on <link xlink:href=" +"\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers\">freebsd-" +"hackers</link>, October 2, 1999" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/para -#: book.translate.xml:6725 -msgid "<quote>What is it about this bike shed?</quote> Some of you have asked me." +#: book.translate.xml:6689 +msgid "" +"<quote>What is it about this bike shed?</quote> Some of you have asked me." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/para -#: book.translate.xml:6728 -msgid "It is a long story, or rather it is an old story, but it is quite short actually. C. Northcote Parkinson wrote a book in the early 1960s, called <quote>Parkinson's Law</quote>, which contains a lot of insight into the dynamics of management." +#: book.translate.xml:6692 +msgid "" +"It is a long story, or rather it is an old story, but it is quite short " +"actually. C. Northcote Parkinson wrote a book in the early 1960s, called " +"<quote>Parkinson's Law</quote>, which contains a lot of insight into the " +"dynamics of management." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/para -#: book.translate.xml:6734 +#: book.translate.xml:6698 msgid "<emphasis>[snip a bit of commentary on the book]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/para -#: book.translate.xml:6737 -msgid "In the specific example involving the bike shed, the other vital component is an atomic power-plant, I guess that illustrates the age of the book." +#: book.translate.xml:6701 +msgid "" +"In the specific example involving the bike shed, the other vital component " +"is an atomic power-plant, I guess that illustrates the age of the book." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/para -#: book.translate.xml:6741 -msgid "Parkinson shows how you can go into the board of directors and get approval for building a multi-million or even billion dollar atomic power plant, but if you want to build a bike shed you will be tangled up in endless discussions." +#: book.translate.xml:6705 +msgid "" +"Parkinson shows how you can go into the board of directors and get approval " +"for building a multi-million or even billion dollar atomic power plant, but " +"if you want to build a bike shed you will be tangled up in endless " +"discussions." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/para -#: book.translate.xml:6747 -msgid "Parkinson explains that this is because an atomic plant is so vast, so expensive and so complicated that people cannot grasp it, and rather than try, they fall back on the assumption that somebody else checked all the details before it got this far. Richard P. Feynmann gives a couple of interesting, and very much to the point, examples relating to Los Alamos in his books." +#: book.translate.xml:6711 +msgid "" +"Parkinson explains that this is because an atomic plant is so vast, so " +"expensive and so complicated that people cannot grasp it, and rather than " +"try, they fall back on the assumption that somebody else checked all the " +"details before it got this far. Richard P. Feynmann gives a couple of " +"interesting, and very much to the point, examples relating to Los Alamos in " +"his books." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/para -#: book.translate.xml:6756 -msgid "A bike shed on the other hand. Anyone can build one of those over a weekend, and still have time to watch the game on TV. So no matter how well prepared, no matter how reasonable you are with your proposal, somebody will seize the chance to show that he is doing his job, that he is paying attention, that he is <emphasis>here</emphasis>." +#: book.translate.xml:6720 +msgid "" +"A bike shed on the other hand. Anyone can build one of those over a weekend, " +"and still have time to watch the game on TV. So no matter how well prepared, " +"no matter how reasonable you are with your proposal, somebody will seize the " +"chance to show that he is doing his job, that he is paying attention, that " +"he is <emphasis>here</emphasis>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: blockquote/para -#: book.translate.xml:6764 -msgid "In Denmark we call it <quote>setting your fingerprint</quote>. It is about personal pride and prestige, it is about being able to point somewhere and say <quote>There! <emphasis>I</emphasis> did that.</quote> It is a strong trait in politicians, but present in most people given the chance. Just think about footsteps in wet cement." +#: book.translate.xml:6728 +msgid "" +"In Denmark we call it <quote>setting your fingerprint</quote>. It is about " +"personal pride and prestige, it is about being able to point somewhere and " +"say <quote>There! <emphasis>I</emphasis> did that.</quote> It is a strong " +"trait in politicians, but present in most people given the chance. Just " +"think about footsteps in wet cement." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:6778 +#: book.translate.xml:6742 msgid "The FreeBSD Funnies" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6783 +#: book.translate.xml:6747 msgid "How cool is FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6787 -msgid "Q. Has anyone done any temperature testing while running FreeBSD? I know <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> runs cooler than DOS, but have never seen a mention of FreeBSD. It seems to run really hot." +#: book.translate.xml:6751 +msgid "" +"Q. Has anyone done any temperature testing while running FreeBSD? I know " +"<trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> runs cooler than DOS, but " +"have never seen a mention of FreeBSD. It seems to run really hot." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6792 -msgid "A. No, but we have done numerous taste tests on blindfolded volunteers who have also had 250 micrograms of LSD-25 administered beforehand. 35% of the volunteers said that FreeBSD tasted sort of orange, whereas <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> tasted like purple haze. Neither group mentioned any significant variances in temperature. We eventually had to throw the results of this survey out entirely anyway when we found that too many volunteers were wandering out of the room during the tests, thus skewing the results. We think most of the volunteers are at Apple now, working on their new <quote>scratch and sniff</quote> GUI. It is a funny old business we are in!" +#: book.translate.xml:6756 +msgid "" +"A. No, but we have done numerous taste tests on blindfolded volunteers who " +"have also had 250 micrograms of LSD-25 administered beforehand. 35% of the " +"volunteers said that FreeBSD tasted sort of orange, whereas <trademark class=" +"\"registered\">Linux</trademark> tasted like purple haze. Neither group " +"mentioned any significant variances in temperature. We eventually had to " +"throw the results of this survey out entirely anyway when we found that too " +"many volunteers were wandering out of the room during the tests, thus " +"skewing the results. We think most of the volunteers are at Apple now, " +"working on their new <quote>scratch and sniff</quote> GUI. It is a funny old " +"business we are in!" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6805 -msgid "Seriously, FreeBSD uses the <acronym>HLT</acronym> (halt) instruction when the system is idle thus lowering its energy consumption and therefore the heat it generates. Also if you have <acronym>ACPI</acronym> (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) configured, then FreeBSD can also put the CPU into a low power mode." +#: book.translate.xml:6769 +msgid "" +"Seriously, FreeBSD uses the <acronym>HLT</acronym> (halt) instruction when " +"the system is idle thus lowering its energy consumption and therefore the " +"heat it generates. Also if you have <acronym>ACPI</acronym> (Advanced " +"Configuration and Power Interface) configured, then FreeBSD can also put the " +"CPU into a low power mode." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6816 +#: book.translate.xml:6780 msgid "Who is scratching in my memory banks??" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6820 -msgid "Q. Is there anything <quote>odd</quote> that FreeBSD does when compiling the kernel which would cause the memory to make a scratchy sound? When compiling (and for a brief moment after recognizing the floppy drive upon startup, as well), a strange scratchy sound emanates from what appears to be the memory banks." +#: book.translate.xml:6784 +msgid "" +"Q. Is there anything <quote>odd</quote> that FreeBSD does when compiling the " +"kernel which would cause the memory to make a scratchy sound? When compiling " +"(and for a brief moment after recognizing the floppy drive upon startup, as " +"well), a strange scratchy sound emanates from what appears to be the memory " +"banks." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6827 -msgid "A. Yes! You will see frequent references to <quote>daemons</quote> in the BSD documentation, and what most people do not know is that this refers to genuine, non-corporeal entities that now possess your computer. The scratchy sound coming from your memory is actually high-pitched whispering exchanged among the daemons as they best decide how to deal with various system administration tasks." +#: book.translate.xml:6791 +msgid "" +"A. Yes! You will see frequent references to <quote>daemons</quote> in the " +"BSD documentation, and what most people do not know is that this refers to " +"genuine, non-corporeal entities that now possess your computer. The scratchy " +"sound coming from your memory is actually high-pitched whispering exchanged " +"among the daemons as they best decide how to deal with various system " +"administration tasks." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6836 -msgid "If the noise gets to you, a good <command>fdisk /mbr</command> from DOS will get rid of them, but do not be surprised if they react adversely and try to stop you. In fact, if at any point during the exercise you hear the satanic voice of Bill Gates coming from the built-in speaker, take off running and do not ever look back! Freed from the counterbalancing influence of the BSD daemons, the twin demons of DOS and <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> are often able to re-assert total control over your machine to the eternal damnation of your soul. Now that you know, given a choice you would probably prefer to get used to the scratchy noises, no?" +#: book.translate.xml:6800 +msgid "" +"If the noise gets to you, a good <command>fdisk /mbr</command> from DOS will " +"get rid of them, but do not be surprised if they react adversely and try to " +"stop you. In fact, if at any point during the exercise you hear the satanic " +"voice of Bill Gates coming from the built-in speaker, take off running and " +"do not ever look back! Freed from the counterbalancing influence of the BSD " +"daemons, the twin demons of DOS and <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</" +"trademark> are often able to re-assert total control over your machine to " +"the eternal damnation of your soul. Now that you know, given a choice you " +"would probably prefer to get used to the scratchy noises, no?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6853 +#: book.translate.xml:6817 msgid "How many FreeBSD hackers does it take to change a lightbulb?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6858 +#: book.translate.xml:6822 msgid "One thousand, one hundred and sixty-nine:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6860 +#: book.translate.xml:6824 msgid "Twenty-three to complain to -CURRENT about the lights being out;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6863 -msgid "Four to claim that it is a configuration problem, and that such matters really belong on -questions;" +#: book.translate.xml:6827 +msgid "" +"Four to claim that it is a configuration problem, and that such matters " +"really belong on -questions;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6866 -msgid "Three to submit PRs about it, one of which is misfiled under doc and consists only of <quote>it's dark</quote>;" +#: book.translate.xml:6830 +msgid "" +"Three to submit PRs about it, one of which is misfiled under doc and " +"consists only of <quote>it's dark</quote>;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6870 -msgid "One to commit an untested lightbulb which breaks buildworld, then back it out five minutes later;" +#: book.translate.xml:6834 +msgid "" +"One to commit an untested lightbulb which breaks buildworld, then back it " +"out five minutes later;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6873 -msgid "Eight to flame the PR originators for not including patches in their PRs;" +#: book.translate.xml:6837 +msgid "" +"Eight to flame the PR originators for not including patches in their PRs;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6876 +#: book.translate.xml:6840 msgid "Five to complain about buildworld being broken;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6878 -msgid "Thirty-one to answer that it works for them, and they must have updated at a bad time;" +#: book.translate.xml:6842 +msgid "" +"Thirty-one to answer that it works for them, and they must have updated at a " +"bad time;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6881 +#: book.translate.xml:6845 msgid "One to post a patch for a new lightbulb to -hackers;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6884 -msgid "One to complain that he had patches for this three years ago, but when he sent them to -CURRENT they were just ignored, and he has had bad experiences with the PR system; besides, the proposed new lightbulb is non-reflexive;" +#: book.translate.xml:6848 +msgid "" +"One to complain that he had patches for this three years ago, but when he " +"sent them to -CURRENT they were just ignored, and he has had bad experiences " +"with the PR system; besides, the proposed new lightbulb is non-reflexive;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6890 -msgid "Thirty-seven to scream that lightbulbs do not belong in the base system, that committers have no right to do things like this without consulting the Community, and WHAT IS -CORE DOING ABOUT IT!?" +#: book.translate.xml:6854 +msgid "" +"Thirty-seven to scream that lightbulbs do not belong in the base system, " +"that committers have no right to do things like this without consulting the " +"Community, and WHAT IS -CORE DOING ABOUT IT!?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6895 +#: book.translate.xml:6859 msgid "Two hundred to complain about the color of the bicycle shed;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6898 -msgid "Three to point out that the patch breaks <citerefentry><refentrytitle>style</refentrytitle><manvolnum>9</manvolnum></citerefentry>;" +#: book.translate.xml:6862 +msgid "" +"Three to point out that the patch breaks <citerefentry><refentrytitle>style</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>9</manvolnum></citerefentry>;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6901 +#: book.translate.xml:6865 msgid "Seventeen to complain that the proposed new lightbulb is under GPL;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6904 -msgid "Five hundred and eighty-six to engage in a flame war about the comparative advantages of the GPL, the BSD license, the MIT license, the NPL, and the personal hygiene of unnamed FSF founders;" +#: book.translate.xml:6868 +msgid "" +"Five hundred and eighty-six to engage in a flame war about the comparative " +"advantages of the GPL, the BSD license, the MIT license, the NPL, and the " +"personal hygiene of unnamed FSF founders;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6909 +#: book.translate.xml:6873 msgid "Seven to move various portions of the thread to -chat and -advocacy;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6912 -msgid "One to commit the suggested lightbulb, even though it shines dimmer than the old one;" +#: book.translate.xml:6876 +msgid "" +"One to commit the suggested lightbulb, even though it shines dimmer than the " +"old one;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6915 -msgid "Two to back it out with a furious flame of a commit message, arguing that FreeBSD is better off in the dark than with a dim lightbulb;" +#: book.translate.xml:6879 +msgid "" +"Two to back it out with a furious flame of a commit message, arguing that " +"FreeBSD is better off in the dark than with a dim lightbulb;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6919 -msgid "Forty-six to argue vociferously about the backing out of the dim lightbulb and demanding a statement from -core;" +#: book.translate.xml:6883 +msgid "" +"Forty-six to argue vociferously about the backing out of the dim lightbulb " +"and demanding a statement from -core;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6923 -msgid "Eleven to request a smaller lightbulb so it will fit their Tamagotchi if we ever decide to port FreeBSD to that platform;" +#: book.translate.xml:6887 +msgid "" +"Eleven to request a smaller lightbulb so it will fit their Tamagotchi if we " +"ever decide to port FreeBSD to that platform;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6927 -msgid "Seventy-three to complain about the SNR on -hackers and -chat and unsubscribe in protest;" +#: book.translate.xml:6891 +msgid "" +"Seventy-three to complain about the SNR on -hackers and -chat and " +"unsubscribe in protest;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6930 -msgid "Thirteen to post <quote>unsubscribe</quote>, <quote>How do I unsubscribe?</quote>, or <quote>Please remove me from the list</quote>, followed by the usual footer;" +#: book.translate.xml:6894 +msgid "" +"Thirteen to post <quote>unsubscribe</quote>, <quote>How do I unsubscribe?</" +"quote>, or <quote>Please remove me from the list</quote>, followed by the " +"usual footer;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6935 -msgid "One to commit a working lightbulb while everybody is too busy flaming everybody else to notice;" +#: book.translate.xml:6899 +msgid "" +"One to commit a working lightbulb while everybody is too busy flaming " +"everybody else to notice;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6938 -msgid "Thirty-one to point out that the new lightbulb would shine 0.364% brighter if compiled with TenDRA (although it will have to be reshaped into a cube), and that FreeBSD should therefore switch to TenDRA instead of GCC;" +#: book.translate.xml:6902 +msgid "" +"Thirty-one to point out that the new lightbulb would shine 0.364% brighter " +"if compiled with TenDRA (although it will have to be reshaped into a cube), " +"and that FreeBSD should therefore switch to TenDRA instead of GCC;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6943 +#: book.translate.xml:6907 msgid "One to complain that the new lightbulb lacks fairings;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6946 +#: book.translate.xml:6910 msgid "Nine (including the PR originators) to ask <quote>what is MFC?</quote>;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6949 -msgid "Fifty-seven to complain about the lights being out two weeks after the bulb has been changed." +#: book.translate.xml:6913 +msgid "" +"Fifty-seven to complain about the lights being out two weeks after the bulb " +"has been changed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6952 +#: book.translate.xml:6916 msgid "<emphasis>Nik Clayton <email>nik@FreeBSD.org</email> adds:</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6954 +#: book.translate.xml:6918 msgid "<emphasis>I was laughing quite hard at this.</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6957 -msgid "<emphasis>And then I thought, <quote>Hang on, shouldn't there be '1 to document it.' in that list somewhere?</quote></emphasis>" +#: book.translate.xml:6921 +msgid "" +"<emphasis>And then I thought, <quote>Hang on, shouldn't there be '1 to " +"document it.' in that list somewhere?</quote></emphasis>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6961 +#: book.translate.xml:6925 msgid "<emphasis>And then I was enlightened :-)</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6964 -msgid "<emphasis>Thomas Abthorpe <email>tabthorpe@FreeBSD.org</email></emphasis> says: <quote>None, <emphasis>real</emphasis> FreeBSD hackers are not afraid of the dark!</quote>" +#: book.translate.xml:6928 +msgid "" +"<emphasis>Thomas Abthorpe <email>tabthorpe@FreeBSD.org</email></emphasis> " +"says: <quote>None, <emphasis>real</emphasis> FreeBSD hackers are not afraid " +"of the dark!</quote>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:6972 +#: book.translate.xml:6936 msgid "Where does data written to <filename>/dev/null</filename> go?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6977 -msgid "It goes into a special data sink in the CPU where it is converted to heat which is vented through the heatsink / fan assembly. This is why CPU cooling is increasingly important; as people get used to faster processors, they become careless with their data and more and more of it ends up in <filename>/dev/null</filename>, overheating their CPUs. If you delete <filename>/dev/null</filename> (which effectively disables the CPU data sink) your CPU may run cooler but your system will quickly become constipated with all that excess data and start to behave erratically. If you have a fast network connection you can cool down your CPU by reading data out of <filename>/dev/random</filename> and sending it off somewhere; however you run the risk of overheating your network connection and <filename>/</filename> or angering your ISP, as most of the data will end up getting converted to heat by their equipment, but they generally have good cooling, so if you do not overdo it you should be OK." +#: book.translate.xml:6941 +msgid "" +"It goes into a special data sink in the CPU where it is converted to heat " +"which is vented through the heatsink / fan assembly. This is why CPU cooling " +"is increasingly important; as people get used to faster processors, they " +"become careless with their data and more and more of it ends up in " +"<filename>/dev/null</filename>, overheating their CPUs. If you delete " +"<filename>/dev/null</filename> (which effectively disables the CPU data " +"sink) your CPU may run cooler but your system will quickly become " +"constipated with all that excess data and start to behave erratically. If " +"you have a fast network connection you can cool down your CPU by reading " +"data out of <filename>/dev/random</filename> and sending it off somewhere; " +"however you run the risk of overheating your network connection and " +"<filename>/</filename> or angering your ISP, as most of the data will end up " +"getting converted to heat by their equipment, but they generally have good " +"cooling, so if you do not overdo it you should be OK." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6997 +#: book.translate.xml:6961 msgid "<emphasis>Paul Robinson adds:</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:6999 -msgid "There are other methods. As every good sysadmin knows, it is part of standard practice to send data to the screen of interesting variety to keep all the pixies that make up your picture happy. Screen pixies (commonly mis-typed or re-named as <quote>pixels</quote>) are categorized by the type of hat they wear (red, green or blue) and will hide or appear (thereby showing the color of their hat) whenever they receive a little piece of food. Video cards turn data into pixie-food, and then send them to the pixies — the more expensive the card, the better the food, so the better behaved the pixies are. They also need constant stimulation — this is why screen savers exist." +#: book.translate.xml:6963 +msgid "" +"There are other methods. As every good sysadmin knows, it is part of " +"standard practice to send data to the screen of interesting variety to keep " +"all the pixies that make up your picture happy. Screen pixies (commonly mis-" +"typed or re-named as <quote>pixels</quote>) are categorized by the type of " +"hat they wear (red, green or blue) and will hide or appear (thereby showing " +"the color of their hat) whenever they receive a little piece of food. Video " +"cards turn data into pixie-food, and then send them to the pixies — the more " +"expensive the card, the better the food, so the better behaved the pixies " +"are. They also need constant stimulation — this is why screen savers exist." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7013 -msgid "To take your suggestions further, you could just throw the random data to console, thereby letting the pixies consume it. This causes no heat to be produced at all, keeps the pixies happy and gets rid of your data quite quickly, even if it does make things look a bit messy on your screen." +#: book.translate.xml:6977 +msgid "" +"To take your suggestions further, you could just throw the random data to " +"console, thereby letting the pixies consume it. This causes no heat to be " +"produced at all, keeps the pixies happy and gets rid of your data quite " +"quickly, even if it does make things look a bit messy on your screen." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7020 -msgid "Incidentally, as an ex-admin of a large ISP who experienced many problems attempting to maintain a stable temperature in a server room, I would strongly discourage people sending the data they do not want out to the network. The fairies who do the packet switching and routing get annoyed by it as well." +#: book.translate.xml:6984 +msgid "" +"Incidentally, as an ex-admin of a large ISP who experienced many problems " +"attempting to maintain a stable temperature in a server room, I would " +"strongly discourage people sending the data they do not want out to the " +"network. The fairies who do the packet switching and routing get annoyed by " +"it as well." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:7031 +#: book.translate.xml:6995 msgid "My colleague sits at the computer too much, how can I prank her?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7036 -msgid "Install <package role=\"port\">games/sl</package> and wait for her to mistype <userinput>sl</userinput> for <command>ls</command>." +#: book.translate.xml:7000 +msgid "" +"Install <package role=\"port\">games/sl</package> and wait for her to " +"mistype <userinput>sl</userinput> for <command>ls</command>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:7045 +#: book.translate.xml:7009 msgid "Advanced Topics" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:7050 +#: book.translate.xml:7014 msgid "How can I learn more about FreeBSD's internals?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7054 -msgid "See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook\">FreeBSD Architecture Handbook</link>." +#: book.translate.xml:7018 +msgid "" +"See the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-" +"handbook\">FreeBSD Architecture Handbook</link>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7057 -msgid "Additionally, much general <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> knowledge is directly applicable to FreeBSD." +#: book.translate.xml:7021 +msgid "" +"Additionally, much general <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> " +"knowledge is directly applicable to FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:7064 -msgid "How can I contribute to FreeBSD?" +#: book.translate.xml:7028 +msgid "How can I contribute to FreeBSD? What can I do to help?" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: answer/para +#: book.translate.xml:7033 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"We accept all types of contributions: documentation, code, and even art. See " +"the article on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/" +"articles/contributing/article.html\">Contributing to FreeBSD</link> for " +"specific advice on how to do this." msgstr "" +"然而，在您回報問題之前，請先閱讀 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/" +"en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/article.html\">如何撰寫 FreeBSD 的問" +"題回報單</link>，這是一篇告訴你怎樣才能寫出一篇真正有用的問題回報單。" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7068 -msgid "See the article on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributing/article.html\">Contributing to FreeBSD</link> for specific advice on how to do this. Assistance is more than welcome!" +#: book.translate.xml:7038 +msgid "And thanks for the thought!" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:7076 +#: book.translate.xml:7044 msgid "What are snapshots and releases?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7080 -msgid "There are currently 3 active/semi-active branches in the FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"http://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/base/\">Subversion Repository</link>. (Earlier branches are only changed very rarely, which is why there are only 3 active branches of development):" +#: book.translate.xml:7048 +msgid "" +"There are currently 3 active/semi-active branches in the FreeBSD <link xlink:" +"href=\"http://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/base/\">Subversion Repository</link>. " +"(Earlier branches are only changed very rarely, which is why there are only " +"3 active branches of development):" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7088 +#: book.translate.xml:7056 msgid "<symbol>stable/10/</symbol> AKA <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7093 +#: book.translate.xml:7061 msgid "<symbol>stable/11/</symbol> AKA <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7098 -msgid "<symbol>head/</symbol> AKA <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> AKA <emphasis>12-CURRENT</emphasis>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7104 -msgid "<literal>HEAD</literal> is not an actual branch tag. It is a symbolic constant for the current, non-branched development stream known as <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7110 -msgid "Right now, <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> is the 12.<replaceable>X</replaceable> development stream; the <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> branch, <symbol>stable/11/</symbol>, forked off from <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> in April 2016 and the <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> branch, <symbol>stable/10/</symbol>, forked off from <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> in August 2015." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:7121 -msgid "I have written a kernel extension, who do I send it to?" +#: book.translate.xml:7066 +msgid "" +"<symbol>head/</symbol> AKA <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> AKA <emphasis>12-" +"CURRENT</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7126 -msgid "Take a look at the article on <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributing/article.html\">Contributing to FreeBSD</link> to learn how to submit code." +#: book.translate.xml:7072 +msgid "" +"<literal>HEAD</literal> is not an actual branch tag. It is a symbolic " +"constant for the current, non-branched development stream known as " +"<emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7129 -msgid "And thanks for the thought!" +#: book.translate.xml:7078 +msgid "" +"Right now, <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> is the 12.<replaceable>X</" +"replaceable> development stream; the <emphasis>11-STABLE</emphasis> branch, " +"<symbol>stable/11/</symbol>, forked off from <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> " +"in April 2016 and the <emphasis>10-STABLE</emphasis> branch, " +"<symbol>stable/10/</symbol>, forked off from <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> " +"in August 2015." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:7135 +#: book.translate.xml:7089 msgid "How can I make the most of the data I see when my kernel panics?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7140 +#: book.translate.xml:7094 msgid "Here is typical kernel panic:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:7142 +#: book.translate.xml:7096 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode\n" @@ -6084,133 +9301,193 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7156 -msgid "This message is not enough. While the instruction pointer value is important, it is also configuration dependent as it varies depending on the kernel image. If it is a <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel image from one of the snapshots, it is possible for somebody else to track down the offending function, but for a custom kernel, only you can tell us where the fault occurred." +#: book.translate.xml:7110 +msgid "" +"This message is not enough. While the instruction pointer value is " +"important, it is also configuration dependent as it varies depending on the " +"kernel image. If it is a <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel image from one " +"of the snapshots, it is possible for somebody else to track down the " +"offending function, but for a custom kernel, only you can tell us where the " +"fault occurred." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7165 +#: book.translate.xml:7119 msgid "To proceed:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:7169 -msgid "Write down the instruction pointer value. Note that the <literal>0x8:</literal> part at the beginning is not significant in this case: it is the <literal>0xf0xxxxxx</literal> part that we want." +#: book.translate.xml:7123 +msgid "" +"Write down the instruction pointer value. Note that the <literal>0x8:</" +"literal> part at the beginning is not significant in this case: it is the " +"<literal>0xf0xxxxxx</literal> part that we want." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:7177 +#: book.translate.xml:7131 msgid "When the system reboots, do the following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7179 +#: book.translate.xml:7133 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>nm -n kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxxx</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:7181 -msgid "where <literal>f0xxxxxx</literal> is the instruction pointer value. The odds are you will not get an exact match since the symbols in the kernel symbol table are for the entry points of functions and the instruction pointer address will be somewhere inside a function, not at the start. If you do not get an exact match, omit the last digit from the instruction pointer value and try again:" +#: book.translate.xml:7135 +msgid "" +"where <literal>f0xxxxxx</literal> is the instruction pointer value. The odds " +"are you will not get an exact match since the symbols in the kernel symbol " +"table are for the entry points of functions and the instruction pointer " +"address will be somewhere inside a function, not at the start. If you do not " +"get an exact match, omit the last digit from the instruction pointer value " +"and try again:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7190 +#: book.translate.xml:7144 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>nm -n kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxx</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:7192 -msgid "If that does not yield any results, chop off another digit. Repeat until there is some sort of output. The result will be a possible list of functions which caused the panic. This is a less than exact mechanism for tracking down the point of failure, but it is better than nothing." +#: book.translate.xml:7146 +msgid "" +"If that does not yield any results, chop off another digit. Repeat until " +"there is some sort of output. The result will be a possible list of " +"functions which caused the panic. This is a less than exact mechanism for " +"tracking down the point of failure, but it is better than nothing." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7201 -msgid "However, the best way to track down the cause of a panic is by capturing a crash dump, then using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kgdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to generate a stack trace on the crash dump." +#: book.translate.xml:7155 +msgid "" +"However, the best way to track down the cause of a panic is by capturing a " +"crash dump, then using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kgdb</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to generate a stack " +"trace on the crash dump." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7206 +#: book.translate.xml:7160 msgid "In any case, the method is this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:7210 -msgid "Make sure that the following line is included in the kernel configuration file:" +#: book.translate.xml:7164 +msgid "" +"Make sure that the following line is included in the kernel configuration " +"file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:7213 +#: book.translate.xml:7167 #, no-wrap msgid "makeoptions DEBUG=-g # Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:7217 +#: book.translate.xml:7171 msgid "Change to the <filename>/usr/src</filename> directory:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7220 +#: book.translate.xml:7174 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:7224 +#: book.translate.xml:7178 msgid "Compile the kernel:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7226 +#: book.translate.xml:7180 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make buildkernel KERNCONF=<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:7230 -msgid "Wait for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>make</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to finish compiling." +#: book.translate.xml:7184 +msgid "" +"Wait for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>make</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> to finish compiling." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7234 +#: book.translate.xml:7188 #, no-wrap msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL</userinput>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:7238 +#: book.translate.xml:7192 msgid "Reboot." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:7243 -msgid "If <varname>KERNCONF</varname> is not included, the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel will instead be built and installed." +#: book.translate.xml:7197 +msgid "" +"If <varname>KERNCONF</varname> is not included, the <filename>GENERIC</" +"filename> kernel will instead be built and installed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7248 -msgid "The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>make</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> process will have built two kernels. <filename>/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/MYKERNEL/kernel</filename> and <filename>/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/MYKERNEL/kernel.debug</filename>. <filename>kernel</filename> was installed as <filename>/boot/kernel/kernel</filename>, while <filename>kernel.debug</filename> can be used as the source of debugging symbols for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kgdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +#: book.translate.xml:7202 +msgid "" +"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>make</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry> process will have built two kernels. <filename>/" +"usr/obj/usr/src/sys/MYKERNEL/kernel</filename> and <filename>/usr/obj/usr/" +"src/sys/MYKERNEL/kernel.debug</filename>. <filename>kernel</filename> was " +"installed as <filename>/boot/kernel/kernel</filename>, while " +"<filename>kernel.debug</filename> can be used as the source of debugging " +"symbols for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kgdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</" +"manvolnum></citerefentry>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7257 -msgid "To capture a crash dump, edit <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and set <literal>dumpdev</literal> to point to either the swap partition or <literal>AUTO</literal>. This will cause the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> scripts to use the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dumpon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command to enable crash dumps. This command can also be run manually. After a panic, the crash dump can be recovered using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>savecore</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>; if <literal>dumpdev</literal> is set in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> scripts will run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>savecore</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> automatically and put the crash dump in <filename>/var/crash</filename>." +#: book.translate.xml:7211 +msgid "" +"To capture a crash dump, edit <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and set " +"<literal>dumpdev</literal> to point to either the swap partition or " +"<literal>AUTO</literal>. This will cause the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> scripts to use the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dumpon</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command to enable " +"crash dumps. This command can also be run manually. After a panic, the crash " +"dump can be recovered using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>savecore</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>; if <literal>dumpdev</" +"literal> is set in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, the " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> scripts will run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>savecore</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> automatically and put " +"the crash dump in <filename>/var/crash</filename>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:7270 -msgid "FreeBSD crash dumps are usually the same size as physical RAM. Therefore, make sure there is enough space in <filename>/var/crash</filename> to hold the dump. Alternatively, run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>savecore</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manually and have it recover the crash dump to another directory with more room. It is possible to limit the size of the crash dump by using <literal>options MAXMEM=N</literal> where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the size of kernel's memory usage in KBs. For example, for 1 GB of RAM, limit the kernel's memory usage to 128 MB, so that the crash dump size will be 128 MB instead of 1 GB." +#: book.translate.xml:7224 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD crash dumps are usually the same size as physical RAM. Therefore, " +"make sure there is enough space in <filename>/var/crash</filename> to hold " +"the dump. Alternatively, run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>savecore</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manually and have it " +"recover the crash dump to another directory with more room. It is possible " +"to limit the size of the crash dump by using <literal>options MAXMEM=N</" +"literal> where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the size of kernel's memory " +"usage in KBs. For example, for 1 GB of RAM, limit the kernel's memory usage " +"to 128 MB, so that the crash dump size will be 128 MB instead of 1 GB." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7285 +#: book.translate.xml:7239 msgid "Once the crash dump has been recovered , get a stack trace as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7288 +#: book.translate.xml:7242 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>kgdb /usr/obj/usr/src/sys/MYKERNEL/kernel.debug /var/crash/vmcore.0</userinput>\n" @@ -6218,1338 +9495,116 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7291 -msgid "Note that there may be several screens worth of information. Ideally, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>script</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to capture all of them. Using the unstripped kernel image with all the debug symbols should show the exact line of kernel source code where the panic occurred. The stack trace is usually read from the bottom up to trace the exact sequence of events that lead to the crash. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kgdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> can also be used to print out the contents of various variables or structures to examine the system state at the time of the crash." +#: book.translate.xml:7245 +msgid "" +"Note that there may be several screens worth of information. Ideally, use " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>script</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> to capture all of them. Using the unstripped kernel image with " +"all the debug symbols should show the exact line of kernel source code where " +"the panic occurred. The stack trace is usually read from the bottom up to " +"trace the exact sequence of events that lead to the crash. " +"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kgdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></" +"citerefentry> can also be used to print out the contents of various " +"variables or structures to examine the system state at the time of the crash." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:7303 -msgid "If a second computer is available, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kgdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> can be configured to do remote debugging, including setting breakpoints and single-stepping through the kernel code." +#: book.translate.xml:7257 +msgid "" +"If a second computer is available, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kgdb</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> can be configured to " +"do remote debugging, including setting breakpoints and single-stepping " +"through the kernel code." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:7310 -msgid "If <literal>DDB</literal> is enabled and the kernel drops into the debugger, a panic and a crash dump can be forced by typing <literal>panic</literal> at the <literal>ddb</literal> prompt. It may stop in the debugger again during the panic phase. If it does, type <literal>continue</literal> and it will finish the crash dump." +#: book.translate.xml:7264 +msgid "" +"If <literal>DDB</literal> is enabled and the kernel drops into the debugger, " +"a panic and a crash dump can be forced by typing <literal>panic</literal> at " +"the <literal>ddb</literal> prompt. It may stop in the debugger again during " +"the panic phase. If it does, type <literal>continue</literal> and it will " +"finish the crash dump." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:7324 -msgid "Why has <function>dlsym()</function> stopped working for ELF executables?" +#: book.translate.xml:7278 +msgid "" +"Why has <function>dlsym()</function> stopped working for ELF executables?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7329 -msgid "The ELF toolchain does not, by default, make the symbols defined in an executable visible to the dynamic linker. Consequently <function>dlsym()</function> searches on handles obtained from calls to <function>dlopen(NULL, flags)</function> will fail to find such symbols." +#: book.translate.xml:7283 +msgid "" +"The ELF toolchain does not, by default, make the symbols defined in an " +"executable visible to the dynamic linker. Consequently <function>dlsym()</" +"function> searches on handles obtained from calls to <function>dlopen(NULL, " +"flags)</function> will fail to find such symbols." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7336 -msgid "To search, using <function>dlsym()</function>, for symbols present in the main executable of a process, link the executable using the <option>--export-dynamic</option> option to the ELF linker (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ld</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>)." +#: book.translate.xml:7290 +msgid "" +"To search, using <function>dlsym()</function>, for symbols present in the " +"main executable of a process, link the executable using the <option>--export-" +"dynamic</option> option to the ELF linker (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ld</" +"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:7346 +#: book.translate.xml:7300 msgid "How can I increase or reduce the kernel address space on i386?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7351 -msgid "By default, the kernel address space is 1 GB (2 GB for PAE) for i386. When running a network-intensive server or using ZFS, this will probably not be enough." +#: book.translate.xml:7305 +msgid "" +"By default, the kernel address space is 1 GB (2 GB for PAE) for i386. When " +"running a network-intensive server or using ZFS, this will probably not be " +"enough." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7357 -msgid "Add the following line to the kernel configuration file to increase available space and rebuild the kernel:" +#: book.translate.xml:7311 +msgid "" +"Add the following line to the kernel configuration file to increase " +"available space and rebuild the kernel:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:7361 +#: book.translate.xml:7315 #, no-wrap msgid "options KVA_PAGES=<replaceable>N</replaceable>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:7363 -msgid "To find the correct value of <replaceable>N</replaceable>, divide the desired address space size (in megabytes) by four. (For example, it is <literal>512</literal> for 2 GB.)" +#: book.translate.xml:7317 +msgid "" +"To find the correct value of <replaceable>N</replaceable>, divide the " +"desired address space size (in megabytes) by four. (For example, it is " +"<literal>512</literal> for 2 GB.)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:7373 +#: book.translate.xml:7327 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/para -#: book.translate.xml:7375 -msgid "This innocent little Frequently Asked Questions document has been written, rewritten, edited, folded, spindled, mutilated, eviscerated, contemplated, discombobulated, cogitated, regurgitated, rebuilt, castigated, and reinvigorated over the last decade, by a cast of hundreds if not thousands. Repeatedly." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: chapter/para -#: book.translate.xml:7382 -msgid "We wish to thank every one of the people responsible, and we encourage you to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributing/article.html\">join them</link> in making this <acronym>FAQ</acronym> even better." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: bibliography/title -#: book.translate.xml:7393 -msgid "Bibliography" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7400 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Michael</firstname><surname>Urban</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7401 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Brian</firstname><surname>Tiemann</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7405 -msgid "Sams" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/edition -#: book.translate.xml:7408 book.translate.xml:7429 book.translate.xml:7450 -#: book.translate.xml:7471 book.translate.xml:7492 book.translate.xml:7513 -msgid "1st edition" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pagenums -#: book.translate.xml:7410 -msgid "992 pages" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:7412 -msgid "October 2001" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7414 -msgid "ISBN 0-67232-206-4" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7396 -msgid "<citetitle>FreeBSD Unleashed</citetitle> <_:authorgroup-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:edition-3/> <_:pagenums-4/> <_:pubdate-5/> <_:biblioid-6/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:7422 book.translate.xml:7443 book.translate.xml:7464 -#: book.translate.xml:7485 book.translate.xml:7506 -msgid "<orgname>Computer Systems Research Group, University of California, Berkeley</orgname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7426 book.translate.xml:7447 book.translate.xml:7468 -#: book.translate.xml:7489 book.translate.xml:7510 -msgid "O'Reilly and Associates" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:7431 book.translate.xml:7452 book.translate.xml:7473 -#: book.translate.xml:7494 book.translate.xml:7515 -msgid "June 1994" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pagenums -#: book.translate.xml:7433 -msgid "804 pages" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7435 -msgid "ISBN 1-56592-080-5" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7419 -msgid "<citetitle>4.4BSD System Manager's Manual</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:edition-3/> <_:pubdate-4/> <_:pagenums-5/> <_:biblioid-6/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pagenums -#: book.translate.xml:7454 -msgid "905 pages" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7456 -msgid "ISBN 1-56592-075-9" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7440 -msgid "<citetitle>4.4BSD User's Reference Manual</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:edition-3/> <_:pubdate-4/> <_:pagenums-5/> <_:biblioid-6/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pagenums -#: book.translate.xml:7475 -msgid "712 pages" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7477 -msgid "ISBN 1-56592-076-7" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7461 -msgid "<citetitle>4.4BSD User's Supplementary Documents</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:edition-3/> <_:pubdate-4/> <_:pagenums-5/> <_:biblioid-6/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pagenums -#: book.translate.xml:7496 -msgid "866 pages" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7498 -msgid "ISBN 1-56592-078-3" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7482 -msgid "<citetitle>4.4BSD Programmer's Reference Manual</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:edition-3/> <_:pubdate-4/> <_:pagenums-5/> <_:biblioid-6/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pagenums -#: book.translate.xml:7517 -msgid "596 pages" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7519 -msgid "ISBN 1-56592-079-1" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7503 -msgid "<citetitle>4.4BSD Programmer's Supplementary Documents</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:edition-3/> <_:pubdate-4/> <_:pagenums-5/> <_:biblioid-6/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7528 book.translate.xml:7559 book.translate.xml:7633 -msgid "<personname><firstname>M. K.</firstname><surname>McKusick</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7530 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Kirk</firstname><surname>Marshall</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7532 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Keith</firstname><surname>Bostic</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7534 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Michael J</firstname><surname>Karels</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7536 book.translate.xml:7590 -msgid "<personname><firstname>John</firstname><surname>Quarterman</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7540 book.translate.xml:7565 book.translate.xml:7740 -#: book.translate.xml:7942 book.translate.xml:8003 book.translate.xml:8014 -#: book.translate.xml:8026 book.translate.xml:8055 book.translate.xml:8069 -#: book.translate.xml:8112 book.translate.xml:8126 book.translate.xml:8138 -#: book.translate.xml:8151 book.translate.xml:8164 book.translate.xml:8177 -#: book.translate.xml:8227 -msgid "Addison-Wesley" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/address -#: book.translate.xml:7542 -#, no-wrap +#: book.translate.xml:7329 msgid "" -"\n" -"\t <city>Reading</city>\n" -"\t <state>MA</state>\n" -"\t" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:7548 book.translate.xml:8005 book.translate.xml:8028 -#: book.translate.xml:8041 book.translate.xml:8083 book.translate.xml:8203 -#: book.translate.xml:8216 -msgid "1996" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7550 -msgid "ISBN 0-201-54979-4" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7524 -msgid "<citetitle>The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System</citetitle> <_:authorgroup-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7561 -msgid "<personname><firstname>George V.</firstname><surname>Neville-Neil</surname></personname>" +"This innocent little Frequently Asked Questions document has been written, " +"rewritten, edited, folded, spindled, mutilated, eviscerated, contemplated, " +"discombobulated, cogitated, regurgitated, rebuilt, castigated, and " +"reinvigorated over the last decade, by a cast of hundreds if not thousands. " +"Repeatedly." msgstr "" -#. (itstool) path: publisher/address -#: book.translate.xml:7566 -#, no-wrap +#. (itstool) path: chapter/para +#: book.translate.xml:7336 msgid "" -"\n" -"\t <city>Boston</city>\n" -"\t <state>MA</state>\n" -"\t" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:7571 -msgid "2004" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7573 -msgid "ISBN 0-201-70245-2" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7555 -msgid "<citetitle>The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System</citetitle> <_:authorgroup-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7582 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Evi</firstname><surname>Nemeth</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7584 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Garth</firstname><surname>Snyder</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7586 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Scott</firstname><surname>Seebass</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7588 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Trent R.</firstname><surname>Hein</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7594 book.translate.xml:8258 -msgid "Prentice-Hall" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/edition -#: book.translate.xml:7597 book.translate.xml:7615 book.translate.xml:7802 -#: book.translate.xml:8124 book.translate.xml:8141 book.translate.xml:8153 -#: book.translate.xml:8167 book.translate.xml:8217 -msgid "3rd edition" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:7599 -msgid "2000" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7601 -msgid "ISBN 0-13-020601-6" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7578 -msgid "<citetitle>Unix System Administration Handbook</citetitle> <_:authorgroup-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:edition-3/> <_:pubdate-4/> <_:biblioid-5/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:7609 book.translate.xml:7917 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Greg</firstname><surname>Lehey</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7612 -msgid "Walnut Creek" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:7617 -msgid "June 1999" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pagenums -#: book.translate.xml:7619 -msgid "773 pages" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7621 -msgid "ISBN 1-57176-246-9" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7606 -msgid "<citetitle>The Complete FreeBSD</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:edition-3/> <_:pubdate-4/> <_:pagenums-5/> <_:biblioid-6/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/abbrev -#: book.translate.xml:7626 -msgid "McKusick et al, 1994" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7635 -msgid "<personname><firstname>M. J.</firstname><surname>Karels</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7637 -msgid "<personname><firstname>S. J.</firstname><surname>Leffler</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7639 -msgid "<personname><firstname>W. N.</firstname><surname>Joy</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7641 -msgid "<personname><firstname>R. S.</firstname><surname>Faber</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pagenums -#: book.translate.xml:7644 -msgid "5:1-42" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7628 -msgid "<citetitle>Berkeley Software Architecture Manual, 4.4BSD Edition</citetitle> <_:authorgroup-1/> <_:pagenums-2/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7652 -msgid "SHUWA System Co, LTD." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7654 -msgid "ISBN 4-87966-468-5 C3055 P2900E" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7649 -msgid "<citetitle>FreeBSD for PC 98'ers (in Japanese)</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:biblioid-2/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7662 -msgid "CUTT" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7664 -msgid "ISBN 4-906391-22-2" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7659 -msgid "<citetitle>FreeBSD (in Japanese)</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:biblioid-2/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7672 -msgid "Shoeisha Co., Ltd" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7674 -msgid "ISBN 4-88135-473-6 P3600E" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7669 -msgid "<citetitle>Complete Introduction to FreeBSD (in Japanese)</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:biblioid-2/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7682 book.translate.xml:7692 -msgid "ASCII" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7684 -msgid "ISBN 4-7561-1733-3 P3000E" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7679 -msgid "<citetitle>Personal UNIX Starter Kit FreeBSD (in Japanese)</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:biblioid-2/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7694 -msgid "ISBN 4-7561-1580-2 P3800E" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7689 -msgid "<citetitle>FreeBSD Handbook (Japanese translation)</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:biblioid-2/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7702 -msgid "Computer und Literature Verlag/Vertrieb Hanser" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:7704 book.translate.xml:7775 book.translate.xml:7801 -#: book.translate.xml:7867 book.translate.xml:7905 book.translate.xml:7957 -msgid "1998" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7705 -msgid "ISBN 3-932311-31-0" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7699 -msgid "<citetitle>FreeBSD mit Methode (in German)</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:pubdate-2/> <_:biblioid-3/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7713 book.translate.xml:7772 -msgid "Mainichi Communications Inc." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7710 -msgid "<citetitle>FreeBSD install and Utilization Manual (in Japanese)</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7722 -msgid "Elex Media Komputindo" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7725 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Onno W</firstname><surname>Purbo</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7727 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Dodi</firstname><surname>Maryanto</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7729 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Syahrial</firstname><surname>Hubbany</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7731 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Widjil</firstname><surname>Widodo</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7719 -msgid "<citetitle>Building Internet Server with FreeBSD (in Indonesia Language)</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:authorgroup-2/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7737 -msgid "<citetitle>The FreeBSD Corporate Networker's Guide</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7749 book.translate.xml:7760 book.translate.xml:7919 -msgid "O'Reilly & Associates, Inc." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:7751 book.translate.xml:7981 -msgid "1990" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7752 -msgid "ISBN 093717520X" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7746 -msgid "<citetitle>UNIX in a Nutshell</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:pubdate-2/> <_:biblioid-3/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:7762 book.translate.xml:7827 book.translate.xml:7889 -#: book.translate.xml:7921 book.translate.xml:8053 book.translate.xml:8071 -#: book.translate.xml:8099 book.translate.xml:8114 book.translate.xml:8128 -#: book.translate.xml:8140 book.translate.xml:8154 book.translate.xml:8166 -msgid "1995" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:7763 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Linda</firstname><surname>Mui</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7764 -msgid "ISBN 1-56592-104-6" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7757 -msgid "<citetitle>What You Need To Know When You Can't Find Your Unix System Administrator</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:pubdate-2/> <_:author-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:7774 -msgid "<orgname>Jpman Project, Japan FreeBSD Users Group</orgname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7776 -msgid "ISBN 4-8399-0088-4 P3800E" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7769 -msgid "<citetitle>FreeBSD User's Reference Manual (Japanese translation)</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:author-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7785 -msgid "<link xlink:href=\"http://www.ed.ac.uk/\">Edinburgh University</link>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7781 -msgid "<citetitle pubwork=\"book\"><link xlink:href=\"http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/\">Online Guide for newcomers to the UNIX environment</link></citetitle> <_:publisher-1/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7794 book.translate.xml:7810 book.translate.xml:7838 -#: book.translate.xml:7850 book.translate.xml:8086 book.translate.xml:8097 -msgid "O'Reilly & Associates, Inc" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7796 -msgid "ISBN 1-56592-512-2" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7798 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Paul Albitz</firstname><surname>Albitz</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7799 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Cricket</firstname><surname>Liu</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7791 -msgid "<citetitle>DNS and BIND</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:biblioid-2/> <_:authorgroup-3/> <_:pubdate-4/> <_:edition-5/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:7812 book.translate.xml:7840 book.translate.xml:8270 -msgid "1997" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/edition -#: book.translate.xml:7813 book.translate.xml:7823 book.translate.xml:7836 -#: book.translate.xml:7958 book.translate.xml:8084 book.translate.xml:8115 -msgid "2nd edition" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:7814 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Brian</firstname><surname>Costales</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7815 -msgid "ISBN 1-56592-222-0" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7807 -msgid "<citetitle>Sendmail</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:pubdate-2/> <_:edition-3/> <_:author-4/> <_:biblioid-5/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:7822 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Æleen</firstname><surname>Frisch</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7825 -msgid "O'Reilly & Associates" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7828 -msgid "ISBN 1-56592-127-5" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7820 -msgid "<citetitle>Essential System Administration</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:edition-2/> <_:publisher-3/> <_:pubdate-4/> <_:biblioid-5/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:7835 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Craig</firstname><surname>Hunt</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7841 -msgid "ISBN 1-56592-322-7" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7833 -msgid "<citetitle>TCP/IP Network Administration</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:edition-2/> <_:publisher-3/> <_:pubdate-4/> <_:biblioid-5/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:7848 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Hal</firstname><surname>Stern</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:7852 -msgid "1991" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7853 -msgid "ISBN 0-937175-75-7" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7846 -msgid "<citetitle>Managing NFS and NIS</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:7861 -msgid "<orgname><link xlink:href=\"http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org\">Jpman Project, Japan FreeBSD Users Group</link></orgname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7864 -msgid "<link xlink:href=\"http://www.pc.mycom.co.jp/\">Mainichi Communications Inc.</link>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7868 -msgid "ISBN 4-8399-0109-0 P3300E" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7858 -msgid "<citetitle pubwork=\"book\"><link xlink:href=\"http://www.pc.mycom.co.jp/FreeBSD/sam.html\"> FreeBSD System Administration's Manual</link></citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7876 -msgid "Digital Press" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:7878 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Paul</firstname><surname>Asente</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7879 -msgid "ISBN 1-55558-051-3" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7873 -msgid "<citetitle>X Window System Toolkit</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:author-2/> <_:biblioid-3/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7887 book.translate.xml:7903 book.translate.xml:7930 -#: book.translate.xml:7955 book.translate.xml:8039 -msgid "Prentice Hall" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/edition -#: book.translate.xml:7890 -msgid "4th edition" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7892 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Samuel P.</firstname><surname>Harbison</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7893 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Guy L. Jr.</firstname><surname>Steele</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7895 -msgid "ISBN 0-13-326224-3" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7884 -msgid "<citetitle>C: A Reference Manual</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:pubdate-2/> <_:edition-3/> <_:authorgroup-4/> <_:biblioid-5/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7907 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Brian</firstname><surname>Kernighan</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7908 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Dennis</firstname><surname>Ritchie</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7910 -msgid "ISBN 0-13-110362-9" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7900 -msgid "<citetitle>The C Programming Language</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:pubdate-2/> <_:authorgroup-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7922 -msgid "ISBN 1-56592-126-7" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7915 -msgid "<citetitle>Porting UNIX Software</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:7932 book.translate.xml:7944 -msgid "1992" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:7933 -msgid "<personname><firstname>P. J.</firstname><surname>Plauger</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7934 -msgid "ISBN 0-13-131509-9" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7927 -msgid "<citetitle>The Standard C Library</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:pubdate-2/> <_:author-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:7945 book.translate.xml:7953 book.translate.xml:8001 -#: book.translate.xml:8029 book.translate.xml:8051 -msgid "<personname><firstname>W. Richard</firstname><surname>Stevens</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7946 -msgid "ISBN 0-201-56317-7" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7939 -msgid "<citetitle>Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:pubdate-2/> <_:author-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7959 -msgid "ISBN 0-13-490012-X" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7951 -msgid "<citetitle>UNIX Network Programming</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:edition-4/> <_:biblioid-5/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:7966 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Bill</firstname><surname>Wells</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:7967 -msgid "December 1994" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7969 book.translate.xml:7992 -msgid "Dr. Dobb's Journal" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pagenums -#: book.translate.xml:7971 -msgid "pp68-71, pp97-99" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7964 -msgid "<citetitle>Writing Serial Drivers for UNIX</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:pubdate-2/> <_:publisher-3/> <_:pagenums-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:7979 -msgid "Prentice-Hall, Inc" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:7982 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Prabhat K.</firstname><surname>Andleigh</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:7983 -msgid "ISBN 0-13-949843-5" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7976 -msgid "<citetitle>UNIX System Architecture</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:pubdate-2/> <_:author-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:7990 -msgid "<personname><firstname>William</firstname><surname>Jolitz</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:7994 -msgid "January 1991-July 1992" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7988 -msgid "<citetitle>Porting UNIX to the 386</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8006 -msgid "ISBN 0-201-63346-9" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:7999 -msgid "<citetitle>TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:8016 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Curt</firstname><surname>Schimmel</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:8017 book.translate.xml:8179 book.translate.xml:8229 -#: book.translate.xml:8245 -msgid "1994" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8018 -msgid "ISBN 0-201-63338-8" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8011 -msgid "<citetitle>Unix Systems for Modern Architectures</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:author-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8030 -msgid "ISBN 0-201-63495-3" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8023 -msgid "<citetitle>TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 3: TCP for Transactions, HTTP, NNTP and the UNIX Domain Protocols</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:pubdate-2/> <_:author-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:8037 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Uresh</firstname><surname>Vahalia</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8042 -msgid "ISBN 0-13-101908-2" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8035 -msgid "<citetitle>UNIX Internals -- The New Frontiers</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:8050 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Gary R.</firstname><surname>Wright</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8057 -msgid "ISBN 0-201-63354-X" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8047 -msgid "<citetitle>TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2: The Implementation</citetitle> <_:authorgroup-1/> <_:pubdate-2/> <_:publisher-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:8065 -msgid "<personname><firstname>William R.</firstname><surname>CHeswick</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:8066 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Steven M.</firstname><surname>Bellovin</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8072 -msgid "ISBN 0-201-63357-4" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8062 -msgid "<citetitle>Firewalls and Internet Security: Repelling the Wily Hacker</citetitle> <_:authorgroup-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:8080 book.translate.xml:8095 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Simson</firstname><surname>Garfinkel</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:8081 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Gene</firstname><surname>Spafford</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8088 -msgid "ISBN 1-56592-148-8" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8077 -msgid "<citetitle>Practical UNIX Security</citetitle> <_:authorgroup-1/> <_:pubdate-2/> <_:edition-3/> <_:publisher-4/> <_:biblioid-5/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8100 -msgid "ISBN 1-56592-098-8" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8093 -msgid "<citetitle>PGP Pretty Good Privacy</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:8108 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Don</firstname><surname>Anderson</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:8109 book.translate.xml:8136 book.translate.xml:8149 -#: book.translate.xml:8162 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Tom</firstname><surname>Shanley</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8116 -msgid "ISBN 0-201-40992-5" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8105 -msgid "<citetitle>Pentium Processor System Architecture</citetitle> <_:authorgroup-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:edition-4/> <_:biblioid-5/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:8123 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Richard F.</firstname><surname>Ferraro</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8129 -msgid "ISBN 0-201-62490-7" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8121 -msgid "<citetitle>Programmer's Guide to the EGA, VGA, and Super VGA Cards</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:edition-2/> <_:publisher-3/> <_:pubdate-4/> <_:biblioid-5/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8142 -msgid "ISBN 0-201-40994-1" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8134 -msgid "<citetitle>80486 System Architecture</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:edition-4/> <_:biblioid-5/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8155 -msgid "ISBN 0-201-40996-8" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8147 -msgid "<citetitle>ISA System Architecture</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:edition-3/> <_:pubdate-4/> <_:biblioid-5/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8168 -msgid "ISBN 0-201-40993-3" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8160 -msgid "<citetitle>PCI System Architecture</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:edition-4/> <_:biblioid-5/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:8175 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Frank</firstname><surname>Van Gilluwe</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8180 -msgid "ISBN 0-201-62277-7" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8173 -msgid "<citetitle>The Undocumented PC</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:8188 -msgid "American Telephone & Telegraph Company" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:8190 -msgid "July-August 1978" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/edition -#: book.translate.xml:8191 -msgid "Vol 57, No 6, Part 2" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8192 -msgid "ISSN0005-8580" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8185 -msgid "<citetitle>Bell System Technical Journal, Unix Time-Sharing System</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:pubdate-2/> <_:edition-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:8199 -msgid "<personname><firstname>John</firstname><surname>Lion</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:8201 -msgid "ITP Media Group" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/edition -#: book.translate.xml:8204 -msgid "6th edition" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8205 -msgid "ISBN 1573980137" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8197 -msgid "<citetitle>Lion's Commentary on UNIX</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:edition-4/> <_:biblioid-5/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:8212 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Eric S.</firstname><surname>Raymond</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:8214 -msgid "MIT Press" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8218 -msgid "ISBN 0-262-68092-0" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8210 -msgid "<citetitle>The New Hacker's Dictionary</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:edition-4/> <_:biblioid-5/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:8225 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Peter H.</firstname><surname>Salus</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8230 -msgid "ISBN 0-201-54777-5" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8223 -msgid "<citetitle>A quarter century of UNIX</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:8238 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Steven</firstname><surname>Strassman</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:8239 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Weise</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:8240 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Simon</firstname><surname>Garfinkel</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:8243 -msgid "IDG Books Worldwide, Inc" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8246 -msgid "ISBN 1-56884-203-1" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8235 -msgid "<citetitle>The UNIX-HATERS Handbook</citetitle> <_:authorgroup-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:8254 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Don</firstname><surname>Libes</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:8255 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Sandy</firstname><surname>Ressler</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:8260 -msgid "1989" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8261 -msgid "ISBN 0-13-536657-7" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8251 -msgid "<citetitle>Life with UNIX — special edition</citetitle> <_:authorgroup-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8266 -msgid "<citetitle pubwork=\"book\"> <link xlink:href=\"https://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/base/head/share/misc/bsd-family-tree?view=co\"> The BSD Family Tree</link></citetitle> <_:pubdate-1/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/author -#: book.translate.xml:8278 -msgid "<personname><firstname>Michael</firstname><surname>Lucas</surname></personname>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:8281 -msgid "No Starch Press" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/pubdate -#: book.translate.xml:8284 -msgid "June 2002" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8286 -msgid "ISBN 1-886411-74-3" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8275 -msgid "<citetitle>Absolute BSD</citetitle> <_:author-1/> <_:publisher-2/> <_:pubdate-3/> <_:biblioid-4/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:8294 -msgid "R&D Publications Inc." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8296 -msgid "ISSN 1075-2838" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8291 -msgid "<citetitle>The C/C++ Users Journal</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:biblioid-2/>" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: publisher/publishername -#: book.translate.xml:8304 -msgid "Miller Freeman, Inc" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioset/biblioid -#: book.translate.xml:8306 -msgid "ISSN 1061-2688" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: biblioentry/biblioset -#: book.translate.xml:8301 -msgid "<citetitle>Sys Admin — The Journal for UNIX System Administrators</citetitle> <_:publisher-1/> <_:biblioid-2/>" +"We wish to thank every one of the people responsible, and we encourage you " +"to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/" +"contributing/article.html\">join them</link> in making this <acronym>FAQ</" +"acronym> even better." msgstr "" |