# $FreeBSD$
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-12-20 22:25+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-12-20 14:22+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: Chien Wei Lin <cwlin0416@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: \n"
"Language: zh_TW\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.11\n"

#. Put one translator per line, in the form NAME <EMAIL>, YEAR1, YEAR2
msgctxt "_"
msgid "translator-credits"
msgstr "Chien Wei Lin <cwlin0416@gmail.com>"

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:668
msgid "FreeBSD Handbook"
msgstr "FreeBSD 使用手冊"

#. (itstool) path: info/author
#: book.translate.xml:670
msgid "<orgname>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</orgname>"
msgstr "<orgname>FreeBSD 文件計劃</orgname>"

#. (itstool) path: info/copyright
#: book.translate.xml:678
msgid ""
"<year>1995</year> <year>1996</year> <year>1997</year> <year>1998</year> "
"<year>1999</year> <year>2000</year> <year>2001</year> <year>2002</year> "
"<year>2003</year> <year>2004</year> <year>2005</year> <year>2006</year> "
"<year>2007</year> <year>2008</year> <year>2009</year> <year>2010</year> "
"<year>2011</year> <year>2012</year> <year>2013</year> <year>2014</year> "
"<year>2015</year> <year>2016</year> <year>2017</year> <year>2018</year> "
"<holder>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</holder>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/title
#: book.translate.xml:708
msgid "Copyright"
msgstr "版權"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:710
msgid ""
"Redistribution and use in source (XML DocBook) and 'compiled' forms (XML, "
"HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without modification, are "
"permitted provided that the following conditions are met:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:717
msgid ""
"Redistributions of source code (XML DocBook) must retain the above copyright "
"notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as the first "
"lines of this file unmodified."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:723
msgid ""
"Redistributions in compiled form (transformed to other DTDs, converted to "
"PDF, PostScript, RTF and other formats) must reproduce the above copyright "
"notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the "
"documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: important/para
#: book.translate.xml:732
msgid ""
"THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT \"AS IS"
"\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE "
"IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE "
"ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT BE "
"LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR "
"CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF "
"SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS "
"INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN "
"CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) "
"ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF "
"THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:749
msgid "FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation."
msgstr "FreeBSD 是 FreeBSD 基金會的註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:751
msgid "3Com and HomeConnect are registered trademarks of 3Com Corporation."
msgstr "3Com 和 HomeConnect 是 3Com Corporation 的註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:753
msgid "3ware is a registered trademark of 3ware Inc."
msgstr "3ware 是 3ware Inc 的註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:755
msgid "ARM is a registered trademark of ARM Limited."
msgstr "ARM 是 ARM Limited. 的註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:757
msgid "Adaptec is a registered trademark of Adaptec, Inc."
msgstr "Adaptec 是 Adaptec, Inc. 的註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:759
msgid ""
"Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, Flash and PostScript are either registered "
"trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States "
"and/or other countries."
msgstr ""
"Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, Flash 以及 PostScript 是 Adobe Systems "
"Incorporated 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:763
msgid ""
"Apple, AirPort, FireWire, iMac, iPhone, iPad, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, "
"Quicktime, and TrueType are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. "
"and other countries."
msgstr ""
"Apple, AirPort, FireWire, iMac, iPhone, iPad, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, "
"Quicktime 以及 TrueType 是 Apple Inc. 在美國以及其他國家的註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:768
msgid "Android is a trademark of Google Inc."
msgstr "Android 是 Google Inc 的商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:770
msgid ""
"Heidelberg, Helvetica, Palatino, and Times Roman are either registered "
"trademarks or trademarks of Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG in the U.S. and "
"other countries."
msgstr ""
"Heidelberg, Helvetica, Palatino 以及 Times Roman 是 Heidelberger "
"Druckmaschinen AG 在美國以及其他國家的商標或註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:774
msgid ""
"IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks of "
"International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other "
"countries, or both."
msgstr ""
"IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390 以及 ThinkPad 是 International Business "
"Machines Corporation 在美國和其他國家的商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:778
msgid ""
"IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered trademarks of Institute of Electrical "
"and Electronics Engineers, Inc. in the United States."
msgstr ""
"IEEE, POSIX 以及 802 是 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, "
"Inc. 在美國的註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:781
msgid ""
"Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, "
"and Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its "
"subsidiaries in the United States and other countries."
msgstr ""
"Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium 以"
"及 Xeon 是 Intel Corporation 及其分支機構在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:785
msgid ""
"Intuit and Quicken are registered trademarks and/or registered service marks "
"of Intuit Inc., or one of its subsidiaries, in the United States and other "
"countries."
msgstr ""
"Intuit 和 Quicken 是 Intuit Inc., 或其子公司在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商"
"標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:788
msgid "Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds."
msgstr "Linux 是 Linus Torvalds 的註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:790
msgid ""
"LSI Logic, AcceleRAID, eXtremeRAID, MegaRAID and Mylex are trademarks or "
"registered trademarks of LSI Logic Corp."
msgstr ""
"LSI Logic, AcceleRAID, eXtremeRAID, MegaRAID 以及 Mylex 是 LSI Logic Corp 的"
"商標或註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:793
msgid ""
"Microsoft, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media and Windows "
"NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation "
"in the United States and/or other countries."
msgstr ""
"Microsoft, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media 以及 "
"Windows NT 是 Microsoft Corporation 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:797
msgid ""
"Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The "
"Open Group are trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other "
"countries."
msgstr ""
"Motif, OSF/1 以及 UNIX 是 The Open Group 在美國和其他國家的註冊商標； IT "
"DialTone 和 The Open Group 是其商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:801
msgid "Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation."
msgstr "Oracle 是 Oracle Corporation 的註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:803
msgid ""
"RealNetworks, RealPlayer, and RealAudio are the registered trademarks of "
"RealNetworks, Inc."
msgstr ""
"RealNetworks, RealPlayer, 和 RealAudio 是 RealNetworks, Inc. 的註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:806
msgid ""
"Red Hat, RPM, are trademarks or registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in "
"the United States and other countries."
msgstr "Red Hat, RPM, 是 Red Hat, Inc. 在美國和其他國家的註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:809
msgid ""
"Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, "
"Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox are trademarks or "
"registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and "
"other countries."
msgstr ""
"Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, "
"Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS 以及 VirtualBox 是 Sun "
"Microsystems, Inc. 在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:814
msgid "MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc."
msgstr "MATLAB 是 The MathWorks, Inc. 的註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:816
msgid "SpeedTouch is a trademark of Thomson."
msgstr "SpeedTouch 是 Thomson 的商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:818
msgid "VMware is a trademark of VMware, Inc."
msgstr "VMware 是 VMware, Inc. 的商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:820
msgid "Mathematica is a registered trademark of Wolfram Research, Inc."
msgstr "Mathematica 是 Wolfram Research, Inc 的註冊商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:822
msgid "XFree86 is a trademark of The XFree86 Project, Inc."
msgstr "XFree86 是 The XFree86 Project, Inc 的商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:824
msgid "Ogg Vorbis and Xiph.Org are trademarks of Xiph.Org."
msgstr "Ogg Vorbis 以及 Xiph.Org 是 Xiph.Org 的商標。"

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: book.translate.xml:826
msgid ""
"Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish "
"their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in "
"this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the "
"designations have been followed by the <quote>™</quote> or the <quote>®</"
"quote> symbol."
msgstr ""
"許多製造商和經銷商使用一些稱為商標的圖案或文字設計來區別自己的產品。 本文件中"
"出現的眾多商標，以及 FreeBSD Project 本身廣所人知的商標，後面將以 <quote>™</"
"quote> 或 <quote>®</quote> 符號來標示。"

#. (itstool) path: abstract/para
#: book.translate.xml:835
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Welcome to FreeBSD! This handbook covers the installation and day to day use "
"of <emphasis>FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE</emphasis> and <emphasis>FreeBSD 11.2-"
"RELEASE</emphasis>. This book is the result of ongoing work by many "
"individuals. Some sections might be outdated. Those interested in helping to "
"update and expand this document should send email to the <link xlink:href="
"\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc\">FreeBSD "
"documentation project mailing list</link>."
msgstr ""
"歡迎使用 FreeBSD！ 本使用手冊涵蓋範圍包括了 <emphasis>FreeBSD 11.1-RELEASE</"
"emphasis>, <emphasis>FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE</emphasis> 與 <emphasis>FreeBSD "
"10.4-RELEASE</emphasis> 的安裝與平日操作的說明。 這份使用手冊是很多人的集體創"
"作，而且仍然『持續不斷』的進行中，因此部份章節可能尚未仍未完成，如果您有興趣"
"協助本計畫的話，請寄電子郵件至 <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/"
"mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc\">FreeBSD 文件專案郵遞論壇</link>。"

#. (itstool) path: abstract/para
#: book.translate.xml:843
msgid ""
"The latest version of this book is available from the <link xlink:href="
"\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/\">FreeBSD web site</link>. Previous versions can "
"be obtained from <uri xlink:href=\"https://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/\">https://"
"docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/</uri>. The book can be downloaded in a variety of "
"formats and compression options from the <link xlink:href=\"https://download."
"freebsd.org/ftp/doc/\">FreeBSD FTP server</link> or one of the numerous "
"<link linkend=\"mirrors-ftp\">mirror sites</link>. Printed copies can be "
"purchased at the <link xlink:href=\"http://www.freebsdmall.com/\">FreeBSD "
"Mall</link>. Searches can be performed on the handbook and other documents "
"on the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/search/index.html\">search page</"
"link>."
msgstr ""
"在 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/\">FreeBSD 網站</link> 可以找到"
"本文件的最新版本，舊版文件可從 <uri xlink:href=\"https://docs.FreeBSD.org/"
"doc/\">https://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/</uri> 取得。本文件也提供各種格式與不同壓"
"縮方式的版本可自 <link xlink:href=\"https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/"
"\">FreeBSD FTP 伺服器</link> 或是其中一個 <link linkend=\"mirrors-ftp\">鏡像"
"網站</link> 下載。 列印出來的實體書面資料可在 <link xlink:href=\"http://www."
"freebsdmall.com/\">FreeBSD 商城</link> 購買。 此外，您可在 <link xlink:href="
"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/search/index.html\">搜尋頁面</link> 中搜尋本文件或其他文"
"件的資料。"

#. (itstool) path: preface/title
#: book.translate.xml:864
msgid "Preface"
msgstr "序"

#. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead
#. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-audience
#: book.translate.xml:866
msgid "Intended Audience"
msgstr "給讀者的話"

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:869
msgid ""
"The FreeBSD newcomer will find that the first section of this book guides "
"the user through the FreeBSD installation process and gently introduces the "
"concepts and conventions that underpin <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</"
"trademark>. Working through this section requires little more than the "
"desire to explore, and the ability to take on board new concepts as they are "
"introduced."
msgstr ""
"若您是第一次接觸 FreeBSD 的新手，可以在本書第一部分找到 FreeBSD 的安裝程序，"
"同時會逐步介紹 <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 的基礎概念與"
"一些常用、共通的東西。而閱讀這部分並不難，只需要您有探索的精神和接受新概念。"

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:876
msgid ""
"Once you have traveled this far, the second, far larger, section of the "
"Handbook is a comprehensive reference to all manner of topics of interest to "
"FreeBSD system administrators. Some of these chapters may recommend that you "
"do some prior reading, and this is noted in the synopsis at the beginning of "
"each chapter."
msgstr ""
"讀完這些之後，手冊中的第二部分花很長篇幅介紹的各種廣泛主題，相當值得系統管理"
"者去注意。 在閱讀這些章節的內容時所需要的背景知識，都註釋在該章的大綱裡面，若"
"不熟的話，可在閱讀前先預習一番。"

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:883
msgid ""
"For a list of additional sources of information, please see <xref linkend="
"\"bibliography\"/>."
msgstr "延伸閱讀方面，可參閱 <xref linkend=\"bibliography\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead
#. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-changes-from3
#: book.translate.xml:886
msgid "Changes from the Third Edition"
msgstr "自第三版後的主要修訂"

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:889
msgid ""
"The current online version of the Handbook represents the cumulative effort "
"of many hundreds of contributors over the past 10 years. The following are "
"some of the significant changes since the two volume third edition was "
"published in 2004:"
msgstr ""
"您目前看到的這本手冊代表著上百位貢獻者歷時 10 年所累積的心血之作。以下為自 "
"2014 年發佈的兩冊第三版後所做的主要修訂："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:896
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"dtrace\"/> has been added with information about the "
"powerful DTrace performance analysis tool."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"dtrace\"/> 增加說明有關強大的 DTrace 效能分析工具的資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:901
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"filesystems\"/> has been added with information about non-"
"native file systems in FreeBSD, such as ZFS from <trademark>Sun</trademark>."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"filesystems\"/> 增加有關 FreeBSD 非原生檔案系統的資訊，如：來"
"自 <trademark>Sun</trademark> 的 ZSF。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:907
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"audit\"/> has been added to cover the new auditing "
"capabilities in FreeBSD and explain its use."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"audit\"/> 增加的內容涵蓋 FreeBSD 的新稽查功能及其使用說明。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:912
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"virtualization\"/> has been added with information about "
"installing FreeBSD on virtualization software."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"virtualization\"/> 增加有關在虛擬化軟體安裝 FreeBSD  的資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:918
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"bsdinstall\"/> has been added to cover installation of "
"FreeBSD using the new installation utility, <application>bsdinstall</"
"application>."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"bsdinstall\"/> 增加的內容涵蓋使用新安裝工具 "
"<application>bsdinstall</application> 來安裝 FreeBSD。"

#. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead
#. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-changes-from2
#: book.translate.xml:924
msgid "Changes from the Second Edition (2004)"
msgstr "自第二版後的主要修訂 (2004)"

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:927
msgid ""
"The third edition was the culmination of over two years of work by the "
"dedicated members of the FreeBSD Documentation Project. The printed edition "
"grew to such a size that it was necessary to publish as two separate "
"volumes. The following are the major changes in this new edition:"
msgstr ""
"您目前看到的這本手冊第三版是 FreeBSD 文件計劃的成員歷時兩年完成的心血之作。因"
"文件內容成長到一定大小，印刷版需要分成兩冊發佈。新版的主要修訂部分如下："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:935
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"config-tuning\"/> has been expanded with new information "
"about the ACPI power and resource management, the <command>cron</command> "
"system utility, and more kernel tuning options."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"config-tuning\"/> 已針對新內容作更新，如：ACPI 電源管理、"
"<command>cron</command> 以及其他更多的核心調校選項說明內容。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:942
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"security\"/> has been expanded with new information about "
"virtual private networks (VPNs), file system access control lists (ACLs), "
"and security advisories."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"security\"/> 增加了虛擬私人網路 (VPN)、檔案系統的存取控制 "
"(ACL)，以及安全報告。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:948
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"mac\"/> is a new chapter with this edition. It explains what "
"MAC is and how this mechanism can be used to secure a FreeBSD system."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"mac\"/> 是此版本新增的章節。該章介紹：什麼是 MAC 機制？以及如"
"何運用它來使您的 FreeBSD 系統更安全。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:954
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"disks\"/> has been expanded with new information about USB "
"storage devices, file system snapshots, file system quotas, file and network "
"backed filesystems, and encrypted disk partitions."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"disks\"/> 新增了像是：USB 隨身碟、檔案系統快照 (Snapshot)、檔"
"案系統配額 (Quota) 、檔案與網路為基礎的檔案系統、以及如何對硬碟分割區作加密等"
"詳解。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:961
msgid ""
"A troubleshooting section has been added to <xref linkend=\"ppp-and-slip\"/>."
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"ppp-and-slip\"/> 增加了疑難排解的章節。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:965
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"mail\"/> has been expanded with new information about using "
"alternative transport agents, SMTP authentication, UUCP, "
"<application>fetchmail</application>, <application>procmail</application>, "
"and other advanced topics."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"mail\"/> 新增有關如何使用其它的傳輸代理程式、SMTP 認證、"
"UUCP、<application>fetchmail</application>、<application>procmail</"
"application> 的運用以及其它進階主題。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:973
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"network-servers\"/> is all new with this edition. This "
"chapter includes information about setting up the <application>Apache HTTP "
"Server</application>, <application>ftpd</application>, and setting up a "
"server for <trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark> <trademark "
"class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> clients with <application>Samba</"
"application>. Some sections from <xref linkend=\"advanced-networking\"/> "
"were moved here to improve the presentation."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"network-servers\"/> 是該版中全新的一章。這一章介紹了如何架設 "
"<application>Apache HTTP 伺服器</application>、<application>ftpd</"
"application> 以及用於支援 <trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</"
"trademark> <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> 客戶端的 "
"<application>Samba</application>。其中有些段落來自原先的 <xref linkend="
"\"advanced-networking\"/> 。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:983
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"advanced-networking\"/> has been expanded with new "
"information about using <trademark class=\"registered\">Bluetooth</"
"trademark> devices with FreeBSD, setting up wireless networks, and "
"Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networking."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"advanced-networking\"/> 新增有關在 FreeBSD 中使用<trademark "
"class=\"registered\">藍牙</trademark>裝置、設定無線網路以及使用非同步傳輸模"
"式 (Asynchronous Transfer Mode, ATM)  網路的介紹。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:990
msgid ""
"A glossary has been added to provide a central location for the definitions "
"of technical terms used throughout the book."
msgstr "增加詞彙表，用以說明全書中出現的術語。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:996
msgid ""
"A number of aesthetic improvements have been made to the tables and figures "
"throughout the book."
msgstr "重新美編書中所列的圖表。"

#. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead
#. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-changes
#: book.translate.xml:1001
msgid "Changes from the First Edition (2001)"
msgstr "自第一版後的主要修訂 (2001)"

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:1004
msgid ""
"The second edition was the culmination of over two years of work by the "
"dedicated members of the FreeBSD Documentation Project. The following were "
"the major changes in this edition:"
msgstr ""
"本手冊的第二版是 FreeBSD 文件計劃的成員歷時兩年完成的心血之作。第二版包的主要"
"變動如下︰"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1012
msgid "A complete Index has been added."
msgstr "增加完整的目錄索引。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1016
msgid "All ASCII figures have been replaced by graphical diagrams."
msgstr "所有的 ASCII 圖表均改成圖檔格式的圖表。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1021
msgid ""
"A standard synopsis has been added to each chapter to give a quick summary "
"of what information the chapter contains, and what the reader is expected to "
"know."
msgstr "每個章節均加入概述，以便快速的瀏覽該章節內容摘要、讀者所欲了解的部分。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1027
msgid ""
"The content has been logically reorganized into three parts: <quote>Getting "
"Started</quote>, <quote>System Administration</quote>, and "
"<quote>Appendices</quote>."
msgstr ""
"內容架構重新組織成三大部分：<quote>入門</quote>、<quote>系統管理</quote> 以"
"及 <quote>附錄</quote>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1034
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"basics\"/> has been expanded to contain additional "
"information about processes, daemons, and signals."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"basics\"/> 新增了程序、Daemon 以及信號 (Signal) 的介紹。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1040
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"ports\"/> has been expanded to contain additional "
"information about binary package management."
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"ports\"/> 新增了介紹如何管理 Binary 套件的資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1046
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"x11\"/> has been completely rewritten with an emphasis on "
"using modern desktop technologies such as <application>KDE</application> and "
"<application>GNOME</application> on <trademark>XFree86</trademark> 4.X."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"x11\"/> 經過全面改寫，著重於在 <trademark>XFree86</"
"trademark> 4.X 上的現代桌面技術，如： <application>KDE</application> 和 "
"<application>GNOME</application>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1053
msgid "<xref linkend=\"boot\"/> has been expanded."
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"boot\"/> 更新相關內容。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1057
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"disks\"/> has been written from what used to be two separate "
"chapters on <quote>Disks</quote> and <quote>Backups</quote>. We feel that "
"the topics are easier to comprehend when presented as a single chapter. A "
"section on RAID (both hardware and software) has also been added."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"disks\"/> 分別以兩個章節 <quote>磁碟</quote> 與 <quote>備份</"
"quote> 來撰寫。我們認為這樣子會比單一章節來得容易瞭解。還有關於 RAID (包含硬"
"體、軟體 RAID) 的段落也新增上去了。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1066
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"serialcomms\"/> has been completely reorganized and updated "
"for FreeBSD 4.X/5.X."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"serialcomms\"/> 架構重新改寫，並更新至 FreeBSD 4.X/5.X 的內"
"容。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1071
msgid "<xref linkend=\"ppp-and-slip\"/> has been substantially updated."
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"ppp-and-slip\"/> 有相當程度的更新。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1076
msgid ""
"Many new sections have been added to <xref linkend=\"advanced-networking\"/>."
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"advanced-networking\"/> 加入許多新內容。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1080
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"mail\"/> has been expanded to include more information about "
"configuring <application>sendmail</application>."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"mail\"/> 大量新增了設定 <application>sendmail</application> "
"的介紹。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1086
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"linuxemu\"/> has been expanded to include information about "
"installing <application><trademark class=\"registered\">Oracle</trademark></"
"application> and <application><trademark class=\"registered\">SAP</"
"trademark> <trademark class=\"registered\">R/3</trademark></application>."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"linuxemu\"/> 增加許多有關安裝 <application><trademark class="
"\"registered\">Oracle</trademark></application> 以及 <application><trademark "
"class=\"registered\">SAP</trademark> <trademark class=\"registered\">R/3</"
"trademark></application> 的介紹。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1093
msgid "The following new topics are covered in this second edition:"
msgstr "此外，第二版還新加章節，以介紹下列新主題："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1098
msgid "<xref linkend=\"config-tuning\"/>."
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"config-tuning\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1102
msgid "<xref linkend=\"multimedia\"/>."
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"multimedia\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead
#. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-overview
#: book.translate.xml:1108
msgid "Organization of This Book"
msgstr "本書架構"

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:1110
msgid ""
"This book is split into five logically distinct sections. The first section, "
"<emphasis>Getting Started</emphasis>, covers the installation and basic "
"usage of FreeBSD. It is expected that the reader will follow these chapters "
"in sequence, possibly skipping chapters covering familiar topics. The second "
"section, <emphasis>Common Tasks</emphasis>, covers some frequently used "
"features of FreeBSD. This section, and all subsequent sections, can be read "
"out of order. Each chapter begins with a succinct synopsis that describes "
"what the chapter covers and what the reader is expected to already know. "
"This is meant to allow the casual reader to skip around to find chapters of "
"interest. The third section, <emphasis>System Administration</emphasis>, "
"covers administration topics. The fourth section, <emphasis>Network "
"Communication</emphasis>, covers networking and server topics. The fifth "
"section contains appendices of reference information."
msgstr ""
"本書主要分為五大部分，第一部份<emphasis>入門</emphasis>：介紹 FreeBSD 的安"
"裝、基本操作。 讀者可根據自己的程度，循序或者跳過一些熟悉的主題來閱讀； 第二"
"部分<emphasis>一般作業</emphasis>：介紹 FreeBSD 常用功能，這部分可以不按順序"
"來讀。 每章前面都會有概述，概述會描述本章節涵蓋的內容和讀者應該已知的， 這主"
"要是讓讀者可以挑喜歡的章節閱讀； 第三部分<emphasis>系統管理</emphasis>：介紹 "
"FreeBSD 老手所感興趣的各種主題部分； 第四部分<emphasis>網路通訊</emphasis>："
"則包括網路和各式伺服器主題；而第五部分則為附錄包含各種有關 FreeBSD 的資源。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1135
msgid ""
"Introduces FreeBSD to a new user. It describes the history of the FreeBSD "
"Project, its goals and development model."
msgstr "向新手介紹 FreeBSD。該篇說明了 FreeBSD 計劃的歷史、目標和開發模式。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1145
msgid ""
"Walks a user through the entire installation process of FreeBSD 9."
"<replaceable>x</replaceable> and later using <application>bsdinstall</"
"application>."
msgstr ""
"帶領使用者走一次使用 <application>bsdinstall</application> 在 FreeBSD 9."
"<replaceable>x</replaceable> 及之後版本的完整安裝流程。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1155
msgid ""
"Covers the basic commands and functionality of the FreeBSD operating system. "
"If you are familiar with <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> "
"or another flavor of <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> then "
"you can probably skip this chapter."
msgstr ""
"涵蓋 FreeBSD 作業系統的基礎指令及功能。若您熟悉 <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">Linux</trademark> 或其他類 UNIX® 系統，您則可跳過此章。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1166
msgid ""
"Covers the installation of third-party software with both FreeBSD's "
"innovative <quote>Ports Collection</quote> and standard binary packages."
msgstr ""
"涵蓋如何使用 FreeBSD 獨創的 <quote>Port 套件集</quote> 與標準 Binary 套件安裝"
"第三方軟體。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1176
msgid ""
"Describes the X Window System in general and using X11 on FreeBSD in "
"particular. Also describes common desktop environments such as "
"<application>KDE</application> and <application>GNOME</application>."
msgstr ""
"介紹 X Windows 系統概要及在 FreeBSD 上使用 X11，同時也會介紹常用的桌面環境如 "
"<application>KDE</application> 與 <application>GNOME</application>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1189
msgid ""
"Lists some common desktop applications, such as web browsers and "
"productivity suites, and describes how to install them on FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"列出一些常用的桌面應用程式，例如：網頁瀏覽器、辦工工具並介紹如何安裝這些應用"
"程式到 FreeBSD。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1198
msgid ""
"Shows how to set up sound and video playback support for your system. Also "
"describes some sample audio and video applications."
msgstr ""
"示範如何在您的系統設定音效及影像播放支援，同時會介紹幾個代表性的音訊及視訊應"
"用程式。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1208
msgid ""
"Explains why you might need to configure a new kernel and provides detailed "
"instructions for configuring, building, and installing a custom kernel."
msgstr "說明為何需要設定新的核心並會提供設定、編譯與安裝的詳細操作說明。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1218
msgid ""
"Describes managing printers on FreeBSD, including information about banner "
"pages, printer accounting, and initial setup."
msgstr ""
"介紹如何在 FreeBSD 管理印表機，包含橫幅頁面、列印帳務以及初始設定等資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1228
msgid ""
"Describes the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> "
"compatibility features of FreeBSD. Also provides detailed installation "
"instructions for many popular <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</"
"trademark> applications such as <application><trademark class=\"registered"
"\">Oracle</trademark></application> and <application><trademark class="
"\"registered\">Mathematica</trademark></application>."
msgstr ""
"介紹 FreeBSD 的 <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> 相容性功"
"能，同時提供許多熱門的 <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> 應用"
"程式詳細的安裝操作說明，例如 <application><trademark class=\"registered"
"\">Oracle</trademark></application> 及 <application><trademark class="
"\"registered\">Mathematica</trademark></application>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1242
msgid ""
"Describes the parameters available for system administrators to tune a "
"FreeBSD system for optimum performance. Also describes the various "
"configuration files used in FreeBSD and where to find them."
msgstr ""
"介紹可供系統管理者用來調校 FreeBSD 系統的可用參數來最佳化效率，同時也介紹 "
"FreeBSD 用到的各種設定檔以及到何處尋找這些設定檔。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1253
msgid ""
"Describes the FreeBSD boot process and explains how to control this process "
"with configuration options."
msgstr "介紹 FreeBSD 開機流程並說明如何使用設定選項控制開機流程。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1262
msgid ""
"Describes many different tools available to help keep your FreeBSD system "
"secure, including Kerberos, IPsec and OpenSSH."
msgstr ""
"介紹許多可讓您的  FreeBSD 系統更安全的各種工具，包含 Kerberos, IPsec 及 "
"OpenSSH。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1272
msgid ""
"Describes the jails framework, and the improvements of jails over the "
"traditional chroot support of FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"介紹 Jail Framework，以及 Jail 改進那些 FreeBSD 傳統 chroot 不足的地方。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1281
msgid ""
"Explains what Mandatory Access Control (MAC) is and how this mechanism can "
"be used to secure a FreeBSD system."
msgstr ""
"說明什麼是強制存取控制 (Mandatory Access Control, MAC) 及這個機制如何用來確"
"保 FreeBSD 系統的安全。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1291
msgid ""
"Describes what FreeBSD Event Auditing is, how it can be installed, "
"configured, and how audit trails can be inspected or monitored."
msgstr ""
"介紹什麼事 FreeBSD 事件稽查，如何安裝與設定，以及如何檢查與監控稽查線索。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1301
msgid ""
"Describes how to manage storage media and filesystems with FreeBSD. This "
"includes physical disks, RAID arrays, optical and tape media, memory-backed "
"disks, and network filesystems."
msgstr ""
"介紹如何在 FreeBSD 管理儲存媒體及檔案系統，這包含了實體磁碟、RAID 陣列、光碟"
"與磁帶媒體、記憶體為基礎的磁碟以及網路檔案系統。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1312
msgid ""
"Describes what the GEOM framework in FreeBSD is and how to configure various "
"supported RAID levels."
msgstr ""
"介紹在 FreeBSD 中的 GEOM Framework 是什麼，以及如何設定各種支援的 RAID 階層。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1321
msgid ""
"Examines support of non-native file systems in FreeBSD, like the Z File "
"System from <trademark>Sun</trademark>."
msgstr ""
"查看 FreeBSD 還支援那些非原生檔案系統，如 <trademark>Sun</trademark> 的 Z 檔"
"案系統。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1330
msgid ""
"Describes what virtualization systems offer, and how they can be used with "
"FreeBSD."
msgstr "介紹虛擬化系統提供了那些功能，以及如何在 FreeBSD 上使用。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1339
msgid ""
"Describes how to use FreeBSD in languages other than English. Covers both "
"system and application level localization."
msgstr "介紹如何在 FreeBSD 使用非英文的語言，這涵蓋了系統及應用層的在地化。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1349
msgid ""
"Explains the differences between FreeBSD-STABLE, FreeBSD-CURRENT, and "
"FreeBSD releases. Describes which users would benefit from tracking a "
"development system and outlines that process. Covers the methods users may "
"take to update their system to the latest security release."
msgstr ""
"說明 FreeBSD-STABLE、FreeBSD-CURRENT 以及 FreeBSD 發佈版之間的差異，並介紹那"
"些使用者適何追蹤開發系統以及程序的概述，這涵蓋了使用者更新系統到最新安全性發"
"佈版本的方法。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1362
msgid ""
"Describes how to configure and use the DTrace tool from <trademark>Sun</"
"trademark> in FreeBSD. Dynamic tracing can help locate performance issues, "
"by performing real time system analysis."
msgstr ""
"介紹如何在 FreeBSD 設定及使用 <trademark>Sun</trademark> 的 DTrace 工具，動態"
"追蹤可以透過執行真實時間系統分析來協助定位效能問題。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1375
msgid ""
"Explains how to connect terminals and modems to your FreeBSD system for both "
"dial in and dial out connections."
msgstr "介紹如何使用撥入及撥出連線到您的 FreeBSD 系統的終端機與數據機。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1385
msgid "Describes how to use PPP to connect to remote systems with FreeBSD."
msgstr "介紹如何在 FreeBSD 使用 PPP 來連線遠端的系統。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1394
msgid ""
"Explains the different components of an email server and dives into simple "
"configuration topics for the most popular mail server software: "
"<application>sendmail</application>."
msgstr ""
"說明組成電子郵件伺服器的各種元件，並深入說明如何設定最熱門的郵件伺服器軟體："
"<application>sendmail</application>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1405
msgid ""
"Provides detailed instructions and example configuration files to set up "
"your FreeBSD machine as a network filesystem server, domain name server, "
"network information system server, or time synchronization server."
msgstr ""
"提供詳細的操作說明與範例設定檔，讓您可安裝您的 FreeBSD 機器為網路檔案伺服器、"
"網域名稱伺服器、網路資訊系統伺服器或時間同步伺服器。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1416
msgid ""
"Explains the philosophy behind software-based firewalls and provides "
"detailed information about the configuration of the different firewalls "
"available for FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"說明軟體為基礎的防火牆背後的理念，並提供可用於 FreeBSD 中不同的防火牆設定的詳"
"細資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1426
msgid ""
"Describes many networking topics, including sharing an Internet connection "
"with other computers on your LAN, advanced routing topics, wireless "
"networking, <trademark class=\"registered\">Bluetooth</trademark>, ATM, "
"IPv6, and much more."
msgstr ""
"介紹許多網路主題，包含在您的區域網路 (LAN) 分享網際網路連線給其他電腦、進階路"
"由主題、無線網路、<trademark class=\"registered\">Bluetooth</trademark>、"
"ATM、IPv6 以及更多相關主題。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1439
msgid ""
"Lists different sources for obtaining FreeBSD media on CDROM or DVD as well "
"as different sites on the Internet that allow you to download and install "
"FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"列出取得 FreeBSD CDROM 或 DVD 媒體的各種來源，以及在網際網路上的各種網站，讓"
"您可以下載並安裝 FreeBSD。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1449
msgid ""
"This book touches on many different subjects that may leave you hungry for a "
"more detailed explanation. The bibliography lists many excellent books that "
"are referenced in the text."
msgstr ""
"本書觸及許多不同主題，可能會讓您想更深入的了解，參考書目列出了在文中引用的許"
"多優秀書籍。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1460
msgid ""
"Describes the many forums available for FreeBSD users to post questions and "
"engage in technical conversations about FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"介紹了可讓 FreeBSD 使用者提出問題以及參與有關 FreeBSD 技術會談的許多論壇。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1470
msgid "Lists the PGP fingerprints of several FreeBSD Developers."
msgstr "列出了數個 FreeBSD 開發人員的 PGP 指紋。"

#. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead
#. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-conv
#: book.translate.xml:1476
msgid "Conventions used in this book"
msgstr "本書的編排體裁"

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:1479
msgid ""
"To provide a consistent and easy to read text, several conventions are "
"followed throughout the book."
msgstr "為方便閱讀本書，以下是一些本書所遵循的編排體裁："

#. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead
#. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-conv-typographic
#: book.translate.xml:1482
msgid "Typographic Conventions"
msgstr "文字編排體裁"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:1486
msgid "<emphasis>Italic</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis>斜體字</emphasis>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1489
msgid ""
"An <emphasis>italic</emphasis> font is used for filenames, URLs, emphasized "
"text, and the first usage of technical terms."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis>斜體字</emphasis>用於：檔名、目錄、網址 (URL)、 強調語氣、以及第一"
"次提及的技術詞彙。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:1496
msgid "<literal>Monospace</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>等寬字</literal>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1499
msgid ""
"A <literal>monospaced</literal> font is used for error messages, commands, "
"environment variables, names of ports, hostnames, user names, group names, "
"device names, variables, and code fragments."
msgstr ""
"<literal>等寬字</literal>用於： 錯誤訊息、指令、環境變數、Port 名稱、主機名"
"稱、帳號、群組、裝置名稱、變數、程式碼等。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:1507
msgid "<application>Bold</application>"
msgstr "<application>粗體字</application>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1510
msgid ""
"A <keycap>bold</keycap> font is used for applications, commands, and keys."
msgstr "以<keycap>粗體字</keycap>表示：應用程式、指令、按鍵。"

#. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead
#. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-conv-commands
#: book.translate.xml:1517
msgid "User Input"
msgstr "使用者輸入"

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:1520
msgid ""
"Keys are shown in <keycap>bold</keycap> to stand out from other text. Key "
"combinations that are meant to be typed simultaneously are shown with "
"`<literal>+</literal>' between the keys, such as:"
msgstr ""
"鍵盤輸入以<keycap>粗體字</keycap>表示，以便與一般文字做區隔。 組合鍵是指同時"
"按下一些按鍵，我們以 `<literal>+</literal>' 來表示連接，像是："

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:1525
msgid ""
"<keycombo action=\"simul\"> <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> <keycap>Alt</keycap> "
"<keycap>Del</keycap></keycombo>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:1531
msgid ""
"Meaning the user should type the <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>, <keycap>Alt</"
"keycap>, and <keycap>Del</keycap> keys at the same time."
msgstr ""
"是說，一起按 <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>、 <keycap>Alt</keycap> 以及 <keycap>Del</"
"keycap> 鍵。"

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:1535
msgid ""
"Keys that are meant to be typed in sequence will be separated with commas, "
"for example:"
msgstr "若要逐一按鍵，那麼會以逗號 (,) 來表示，像是："

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:1538
msgid ""
"<keycombo action=\"simul\"> <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> <keycap>X</keycap> </"
"keycombo>, <keycombo action=\"simul\"> <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> <keycap>S</"
"keycap></keycombo>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:1547
msgid ""
"Would mean that the user is expected to type the <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and "
"<keycap>X</keycap> keys simultaneously and then to type the <keycap>Ctrl</"
"keycap> and <keycap>S</keycap> keys simultaneously."
msgstr ""
"是說：先同時按下 <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> 與 <keycap>X</keycap> 鍵， 然後放開後"
"再同時按 <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> 與 <keycap>S</keycap> 鍵。"

#. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead
#. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-conv-examples
#: book.translate.xml:1553
msgid "Examples"
msgstr "範例"

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:1555
msgid ""
"Examples starting with <filename>C:\\&gt;</filename> indicate a <trademark "
"class=\"registered\">MS-DOS</trademark> command. Unless otherwise noted, "
"these commands may be executed from a <quote>Command Prompt</quote> window "
"in a modern <trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark> <trademark "
"class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> environment."
msgstr ""
"範例以  <filename>C:\\&gt;</filename> 為開頭代表 <trademark class="
"\"registered\">MS-DOS</trademark> 的指令。 若沒有特殊情況的話，這些指令應該是"
"在 <trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark> <trademark class="
"\"registered\">Windows</trademark> 環境的 <quote>指令提示字元 (Command "
"Prompt)</quote> 視窗內執行。"

#. (itstool) path: preface/screen
#: book.translate.xml:1561
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>E:\\&gt;</prompt> <userinput>tools\\fdimage floppies\\kern.flp A:</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:1563
msgid ""
"Examples starting with <prompt>#</prompt> indicate a command that must be "
"invoked as the superuser in FreeBSD. You can login as <systemitem class="
"\"username\">root</systemitem> to type the command, or login as your normal "
"account and use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to gain superuser privileges."
msgstr ""
"範例以 <prompt>#</prompt> 為開頭代表在 FreeBSD 中以超級使用者權限來執行的指"
"令。 你可以先以 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 登入系統並下"
"指令，或是以你自己的帳號登入再使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來取得超級使用者權限。"

#. (itstool) path: preface/screen
#: book.translate.xml:1569
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:1571
msgid ""
"Examples starting with <prompt>%</prompt> indicate a command that should be "
"invoked from a normal user account. Unless otherwise noted, C-shell syntax "
"is used for setting environment variables and other shell commands."
msgstr ""
"範例以 <prompt>%</prompt> 為開頭代表在 FreeBSD 中以一般使用者帳號執行的指"
"令。 除非有提到其他用法，否則都是預設為 C-shell 語法，用來設定環境變數以及下"
"其他指令的意思。"

#. (itstool) path: preface/screen
#: book.translate.xml:1576
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>top</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead
#. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-acknowledgements
#: book.translate.xml:1578
msgid "Acknowledgments"
msgstr "銘謝"

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:1580
msgid ""
"The book you are holding represents the efforts of many hundreds of people "
"around the world. Whether they sent in fixes for typos, or submitted "
"complete chapters, all the contributions have been useful."
msgstr ""
"您所看到的這本書是經過數百個分散在世界各地的人所努力而來的結果。 無論他們只是"
"糾正一些錯誤或提交完整的章節，所有的點滴貢獻都是非常寶貴有用的。"

#. (itstool) path: preface/para
#: book.translate.xml:1585
msgid ""
"Several companies have supported the development of this document by paying "
"authors to work on it full-time, paying for publication, etc. In particular, "
"BSDi (subsequently acquired by <link xlink:href=\"http://www.windriver.com"
"\">Wind River Systems</link>) paid members of the FreeBSD Documentation "
"Project to work on improving this book full time leading up to the "
"publication of the first printed edition in March 2000 (ISBN 1-57176-241-8). "
"Wind River Systems then paid several additional authors to make a number of "
"improvements to the print-output infrastructure and to add additional "
"chapters to the text. This work culminated in the publication of the second "
"printed edition in November 2001 (ISBN 1-57176-303-1). In 2003-2004, <link "
"xlink:href=\"http://www.freebsdmall.com\">FreeBSD Mall, Inc</link>, paid "
"several contributors to improve the Handbook in preparation for the third "
"printed edition."
msgstr ""
"也有一些公司透過提供資金讓作者專注於撰稿、提供出版資金等模式來支持文件的寫"
"作。 其中，BSDi (之後併入 <link xlink:href=\"http://www.windriver.com\">Wind "
"River Systems</link>) 資助 FreeBSD 文件計劃成員來專職改善這本書直到 2000 年 "
"3 月第一版的出版。(ISBN 1-57176-241-8) Wind River Systems 同時資助其他作者來"
"對輸出架構做很多改進，以及給文章增加一些附加章節。這項工作結束於 2001 年 11 "
"月第二版。(ISBN 1-57176-303-1) 在 2003-2004 兩年中，<link xlink:href="
"\"http://www.freebsdmall.com\">FreeBSD Mall, Inc</link> 把報酬支付給改進這本"
"手冊以使第三版印刷版本能夠出版的志工。"

#. (itstool) path: part/title
#: book.translate.xml:1604
msgid "Getting Started"
msgstr "入門"

#. (itstool) path: partintro/para
#: book.translate.xml:1607
msgid ""
"This part of the handbook is for users and administrators who are new to "
"FreeBSD. These chapters:"
msgstr "這部份是提供給初次使用 FreeBSD 的使用者和系統管理者。 這些章節包括："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1612
msgid "Introduce FreeBSD."
msgstr "介紹 FreeBSD 給您。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1616
msgid "Guide readers through the installation process."
msgstr "在安裝過程給您指引。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1620
msgid ""
"Teach <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> basics and "
"fundamentals."
msgstr "教您 <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 的基礎及原理。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1624
msgid ""
"Show how to install the wealth of third party applications available for "
"FreeBSD."
msgstr "展示給您看如何安裝豐富的 FreeBSD 的應用軟體。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1629
msgid ""
"Introduce X, the <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> windowing "
"system, and detail how to configure a desktop environment that makes users "
"more productive."
msgstr ""
"向您介紹 X，<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 的視窗系統以及詳"
"細的桌面環境設定，讓您更有生產力。"

#. (itstool) path: partintro/para
#: book.translate.xml:1635
msgid ""
"The number of forward references in the text have been kept to a minimum so "
"that this section can be read from front to back with minimal page flipping."
msgstr ""
"我們試著儘可能的讓這段文字的參考連結數目降到最低，讓您在讀使用手冊的這部份時"
"可以不太需要常常前後翻頁。"

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:1649 book.translate.xml:23626 book.translate.xml:65535
msgid "Introduction"
msgstr "簡介"

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:1652 book.translate.xml:2755
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Jim</firstname> <surname>Mock</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Restructured, reorganized, and parts rewritten by </"
"contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:1664 book.translate.xml:2810 book.translate.xml:5442
#: book.translate.xml:8826 book.translate.xml:10562 book.translate.xml:12788
#: book.translate.xml:13778 book.translate.xml:15400 book.translate.xml:17882
#: book.translate.xml:19147 book.translate.xml:22625 book.translate.xml:23538
#: book.translate.xml:27634 book.translate.xml:29239 book.translate.xml:31007
#: book.translate.xml:31741 book.translate.xml:35405 book.translate.xml:41363
#: book.translate.xml:41563 book.translate.xml:43254 book.translate.xml:44294
#: book.translate.xml:45942 book.translate.xml:46286 book.translate.xml:46701
#: book.translate.xml:48895 book.translate.xml:50563 book.translate.xml:52476
#: book.translate.xml:56975 book.translate.xml:60662
msgid "Synopsis"
msgstr "概述"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:1666
msgid ""
"Thank you for your interest in FreeBSD! The following chapter covers various "
"aspects of the FreeBSD Project, such as its history, goals, development "
"model, and so on."
msgstr ""
"非常感謝您對 FreeBSD 感興趣！以下章節涵蓋 FreeBSD 計劃的各方面：比如它的歷"
"史、目標、開發模式等等。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:1670 book.translate.xml:2879 book.translate.xml:5449
#: book.translate.xml:8838 book.translate.xml:10583 book.translate.xml:15413
#: book.translate.xml:17908 book.translate.xml:19161 book.translate.xml:23551
#: book.translate.xml:27706 book.translate.xml:29266 book.translate.xml:31031
#: book.translate.xml:31749 book.translate.xml:35431 book.translate.xml:41394
#: book.translate.xml:41571 book.translate.xml:44306 book.translate.xml:45980
#: book.translate.xml:46355 book.translate.xml:46712 book.translate.xml:48906
#: book.translate.xml:50574 book.translate.xml:57030 book.translate.xml:60667
msgid "After reading this chapter, you will know:"
msgstr "讀完這章，您將了解︰"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1674
msgid "How FreeBSD relates to other computer operating systems."
msgstr "FreeBSD 與其他作業系統之間的關係。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1679
msgid "The history of the FreeBSD Project."
msgstr "FreeBSD 計劃的歷史。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1683
msgid "The goals of the FreeBSD Project."
msgstr "FreeBSD 計劃的目標。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1687
msgid "The basics of the FreeBSD open-source development model."
msgstr "FreeBSD 開源開發模式的基礎概念。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1692
msgid "And of course: where the name <quote>FreeBSD</quote> comes from."
msgstr "當然囉，還有 <quote>FreeBSD</quote> 這名字的由來。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:1699
msgid "Welcome to FreeBSD!"
msgstr "歡迎使用 FreeBSD！"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1701 book.translate.xml:1792
msgid "<primary>4.4BSD-Lite</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:1703
msgid ""
"FreeBSD is an Open Source, standards-compliant Unix-like operating system "
"for x86 (both 32 and 64 bit), <trademark class=\"registered\">ARM</"
"trademark>, AArch64, <trademark class=\"registered\">RISC-V</trademark>, "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">MIPS</trademark>, <trademark class="
"\"registered\">POWER</trademark>, <trademark class=\"registered\">PowerPC</"
"trademark>, and Sun <trademark class=\"registered\">UltraSPARC</trademark> "
"computers. It provides all the features that are nowadays taken for granted, "
"such as preemptive multitasking, memory protection, virtual memory, multi-"
"user facilities, SMP support, all the Open Source development tools for "
"different languages and frameworks, and desktop features centered around X "
"Window System, KDE, or GNOME. Its particular strengths are:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1716
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Liberal Open Source license</emphasis>, which grants you rights to "
"freely modify and extend its source code and incorporate it in both Open "
"Source projects and closed products without imposing restrictions typical to "
"copyleft licenses, as well as avoiding potential license incompatibility "
"problems."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1727
msgid "<primary>TCP/IP networking</primary>"
msgstr "TCP/IP 網路"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1726
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Strong TCP/IP networking</emphasis> <_:indexterm-1/> - FreeBSD "
"implements industry standard protocols with ever increasing performance and "
"scalability. This makes it a good match in both server, and routing/"
"firewalling roles - and indeed many companies and vendors use it precisely "
"for that purpose."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1737
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Fully integrated OpenZFS support</emphasis>, including root-on-"
"ZFS, ZFS Boot Environments, fault management, administrative delegation, "
"support for jails, FreeBSD specific documentation, and system installer "
"support."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1745
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Extensive security features</emphasis>, from the Mandatory Access "
"Control framework to Capsicum capability and sandbox mechanisms."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1751
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Over 30 thousand prebuilt packages</emphasis> for all supported "
"architectures, and the Ports Collection which makes it easy to build your "
"own, customized ones."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1758
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Documentation</emphasis> - in addition to Handbook and books from "
"different authors that cover topics ranging from system administration to "
"kernel internals, there are also the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>man</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> pages, not only for "
"userspace daemons, utilities, and configuration files, but also for kernel "
"driver APIs (section 9) and individual drivers (section 4)."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1768
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Simple and consistent repository structure and build system</"
"emphasis> - FreeBSD uses a single repository for all of its components, both "
"kernel and userspace. This, along with an unified and easy to customize "
"build system and a well thought out development process makes it easy to "
"integrate FreeBSD with build infrastructure for your own product."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1778
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Staying true to Unix philosophy</emphasis>, preferring "
"composability instead of monolithic <quote>all in one</quote> daemons with "
"hardcoded behavior."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1784 book.translate.xml:17887
msgid "<primary>binary compatibility</primary> <secondary>Linux</secondary>"
msgstr "<primary>Binary 相容性</primary> <secondary>Linux</secondary>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1784
msgid ""
"<_:indexterm-1/> <emphasis>Binary compatibility</emphasis> with Linux, which "
"makes it possible to run many Linux binaries without the need for "
"virtualisation."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1795
msgid "<primary>Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG)</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>電腦系統研究組 (CSRG)</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:1792
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"FreeBSD is based on the 4.4BSD-Lite<_:indexterm-1/> release from Computer "
"Systems Research Group (CSRG)<_:indexterm-2/> at the University of "
"California at Berkeley, and carries on the distinguished tradition of BSD "
"systems development. In addition to the fine work provided by CSRG, the "
"FreeBSD Project has put in many thousands of man-hours into extending the "
"functionality and fine-tuning the system for maximum performance and "
"reliability in real-life load situations. FreeBSD offers performance and "
"reliability on par with other Open Source and commercial offerings, combined "
"with cutting-edge features not available anywhere else."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 系統乃是基於美國加州大學柏克萊分校的電腦系統研究組 (Computer Systems "
"Research Group 也就是 CSRG) 所發行的 4.4BSD-Lite<_:indexterm-1/>，以及基於 "
"BSD 系統開發的優良傳統。 除了由 CSRG 所提供的高品質的成果， 為了提供可處理真"
"正具負荷的工作， FreeBSD 計劃也投入了數千小時以上的細部調整， 以能獲得最好的"
"執行效率以及系統的穩定度。 正當許多商業上的巨人正努力地希望能提供效能及穩定"
"時，FreeBSD 已經具備這樣的特質，並具有其他地方沒有的尖端功能。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:1809
msgid "What Can FreeBSD Do?"
msgstr "FreeBSD 能做什麼？"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:1811
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The applications to which FreeBSD can be put are truly limited only by your "
"own imagination. From software development to factory automation, inventory "
"control to azimuth correction of remote satellite antennae; if it can be "
"done with a commercial <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> "
"product then it is more than likely that you can do it with FreeBSD too! "
"FreeBSD also benefits significantly from literally thousands of high quality "
"applications developed by research centers and universities around the "
"world, often available at little to no cost."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 的運用範圍無限，其實完全限制在你的想像力上。 從軟體的開發到工廠自動"
"化，或是人造衛星上面的天線的方位角度的遠端控制； 這些功能若可以用商用的 "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 產品來達成， 那麼極有可能使"
"用 FreeBSD 也能辦到！ FreeBSD 也受益於來自於全球各研究中心及大學所開發的數千"
"個高品質的軟體 ，這些通常只需要花費很少的費用或根本就是免費的。 當然也有商業"
"軟體，而且出現的數目是與日俱增。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:1821
msgid ""
"Because the source code for FreeBSD itself is generally available, the "
"system can also be customized to an almost unheard of degree for special "
"applications or projects, and in ways not generally possible with operating "
"systems from most major commercial vendors. Here is just a sampling of some "
"of the applications in which people are currently using FreeBSD:"
msgstr ""
"由於每個人都可以取得 FreeBSD 的原始程式碼， 這個系統可以被量身訂做成能執行任"
"何原本完全無法想像的功能或計劃， 而對於從各廠商取得的作業系統通常沒有辦法這樣"
"地被修改。 以下提供一些人們使用 FreeBSD 的例子："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1831
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Internet Services:</emphasis> The robust TCP/IP networking built "
"into FreeBSD makes it an ideal platform for a variety of Internet services "
"such as:"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis>網際網路服務：</emphasis> FreeBSD 內建強勁的網路功能使它成為網路服"
"務 (如下例) 的理想平台："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1838
#, fuzzy
msgid "Web servers"
msgstr "X 伺服器 (X Server)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1842
msgid "IPv4 and IPv6 routing"
msgstr "IPv4 及 IPv6 路由"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#. (itstool) path: chapter/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1846 book.translate.xml:56966
msgid "<primary>firewall</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>防火牆</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1849 book.translate.xml:60132
msgid "<primary>NAT</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1846
msgid ""
"Firewalls<_:indexterm-1/> and NAT<_:indexterm-2/> (<quote>IP masquerading</"
"quote>) gateways"
msgstr ""
"防火牆<_:indexterm-1/>以及 NAT<_:indexterm-2/> (<quote>IP 偽裝</quote>) 通訊"
"閘。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1856
msgid "<primary>FTP servers</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>FTP 伺服器</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1856
msgid "FTP servers<_:indexterm-1/>"
msgstr "檔案傳輸協定伺服器<_:indexterm-1/>"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1863
msgid "<primary>electronic mail</primary> <see>email</see>"
msgstr "<primary>電子郵件</primary> <see>email</see>"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1867 book.translate.xml:50565
msgid "<primary>email</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1862
#, fuzzy
msgid "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> Email servers"
msgstr "<_:indexterm-1/><_:indexterm-2/> 電子郵件伺服器"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1874
msgid "And more..."
msgstr "還有更多..."

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1880
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Education:</emphasis> Are you a student of computer science or a "
"related engineering field? There is no better way of learning about "
"operating systems, computer architecture and networking than the hands on, "
"under the hood experience that FreeBSD can provide. A number of freely "
"available CAD, mathematical and graphic design packages also make it highly "
"useful to those whose primary interest in a computer is to get "
"<emphasis>other</emphasis> work done!"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis>教育：</emphasis>若您是資工相關領域的學生，再也沒有比使用 FreeBSD "
"能學到更多作業系統、計算機結構、及網路的方法了。 另外如果你想利用電腦來處理一"
"些<emphasis>其他</emphasis>的工作，還有一些如 CAD、 數學運算以及圖形處理軟體"
"等可以免費地取得使用。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1892
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Research:</emphasis> With source code for the entire system "
"available, FreeBSD is an excellent platform for research in operating "
"systems as well as other branches of computer science. FreeBSD's freely "
"available nature also makes it possible for remote groups to collaborate on "
"ideas or shared development without having to worry about special licensing "
"agreements or limitations on what may be discussed in open forums."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis>研究：</emphasis>有了完整的原始程式碼，FreeBSD 是研究作業系統及電腦"
"科學的極佳環境。 具有免費且自由取得特性的 FreeBSD 也使得一個分置兩地的合作計"
"劃，不必擔心版權及系統開放性的問題， 而能自在的交流。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1904 book.translate.xml:61015
msgid "<primary>router</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>路由器</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1906
msgid "<primary>DNS Server</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>DNS 伺服器</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1903
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Networking:</emphasis> Need a new router?<_:indexterm-1/> A name "
"server (DNS)?<_:indexterm-2/> A firewall to keep people out of your internal "
"network? FreeBSD can easily turn that unused PC sitting in the corner into "
"an advanced router with sophisticated packet-filtering capabilities."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis>網路：</emphasis> 你如果需要 路由器<_:indexterm-1/>、名稱伺服器 "
"(DNS)<_:indexterm-2/> 或安全的防火牆， FreeBSD 可以輕易的將你沒有用到的 386 "
"或 486 PC 變身成為絕佳的伺服器，甚至具有過濾封包的功能。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1917
msgid "<primary>embedded</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>嵌入式</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1915
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Embedded:</emphasis> FreeBSD makes an excellent platform to build "
"embedded systems upon. <_:indexterm-1/> With support for the <trademark "
"class=\"registered\">ARM</trademark>, <trademark class=\"registered\">MIPS</"
"trademark> and <trademark class=\"registered\">PowerPC</trademark> "
"platforms, coupled with a robust network stack, cutting edge features and "
"the permissive <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/"
"books/faq/introduction.html#bsd-license-restrictions\">BSD license</link> "
"FreeBSD makes an excellent foundation for building embedded routers, "
"firewalls, and other devices."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis>嵌入式：</emphasis> FreeBSD 是一套可用來建立嵌入式系統的傑出平台。 "
"<_:indexterm-1/> 支援 <trademark class=\"registered\">ARM</trademark>, "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">MIPS</trademark> 以及 <trademark class="
"\"registered\">PowerPC</trademark> 平台，再加上健全的網路環境、尖端的功能以及"
"自由的 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/"
"introduction.html#bsd-license-restrictions\">BSD 授權條款</link>，FreeBSD 成"
"為用來建置嵌入式路由器、防火牆及其他裝置的絕佳基礎。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1930
msgid "<primary>X Window System</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>X Window 系統</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1933 book.translate.xml:11984
msgid "<primary>GNOME</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1936 book.translate.xml:12069
msgid "<primary>KDE</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1929
msgid ""
"<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> <_:indexterm-3/> <emphasis>Desktop:</"
"emphasis> FreeBSD makes a fine choice for an inexpensive desktop solution "
"using the freely available X11 server. FreeBSD offers a choice from many "
"open-source desktop environments, including the standard <application>GNOME</"
"application> and <application>KDE</application> graphical user interfaces. "
"FreeBSD can even boot <quote>diskless</quote> from a central server, making "
"individual workstations even cheaper and easier to administer."
msgstr ""
"<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> <_:indexterm-3/> <emphasis>桌面:</"
"emphasis> FreeBSD 同時也是低成本桌面解決方案中不錯的選擇，使用了免費的 X11 伺"
"服器。FreeBSD 提供許多開源桌面環境可選擇，包含了標準 <application>GNOME</"
"application> 及 <application>KDE</application> 圖型化使用者介面。FreeBSD 甚至"
"可以透過中央伺服器做 <quote>無磁碟</quote> 開機，讓個人工作站變的更便宜、更易"
"於管理。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1955
msgid "<primary>Compiler</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>編譯器</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:1952
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Software Development:</emphasis> The basic FreeBSD system comes "
"with a full complement of development tools including a full C/C++<_:"
"indexterm-1/> compiler and debugger suite. Support for many other languages "
"are also available through the ports and packages collection."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis>軟體開發：</emphasis> 基本安裝的 FreeBSD 就包含了完整的程式開發工"
"具，如 C/C++<_:indexterm-1/> 編譯器及除錯器。 透過 Port 與套件管理系統也可支"
"援需多其他語言。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:1964
msgid ""
"FreeBSD is available to download free of charge, or can be obtained on "
"either CD-ROM or DVD. Please see <xref linkend=\"mirrors\"/> for more "
"information about obtaining FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"你可以經由燒錄 CD-ROM、DVD 或是從 FTP 站上抓回 FreeBSD。 詳情請參閱 <xref "
"linkend=\"mirrors\"/> 取得 FreeBSD。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:1971
msgid "Who Uses FreeBSD?"
msgstr "誰在用 FreeBSD？"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:1973
msgid ""
"<primary>users</primary> <secondary>large sites running FreeBSD</secondary>"
msgstr ""
"<primary>使用者</primary> <secondary>執行 FreeBSD 的大型站台</secondary>"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:1978
msgid ""
"FreeBSD has been known for its web serving capabilities - sites that run on "
"FreeBSD include <link xlink:href=\"https://news.ycombinator.com/\">Hacker "
"News</link>, <link xlink:href=\"http://www.netcraft.com/\">Netcraft</link>, "
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.163.com/\">NetEase</link>, <link xlink:href="
"\"https://signup.netflix.com/openconnect\">Netflix</link>, <link xlink:href="
"\"http://www.sina.com/\">Sina</link>, <link xlink:href=\"http://www.sony.co."
"jp/\">Sony Japan</link>, <link xlink:href=\"http://www.rambler.ru/"
"\">Rambler</link>, <link xlink:href=\"http://www.yahoo.com/\">Yahoo!</link>, "
"and <link xlink:href=\"http://www.yandex.ru/\">Yandex</link>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:1991
msgid ""
"FreeBSD's advanced features, proven security, predictable release cycle, and "
"permissive license have led to its use as a platform for building many "
"commercial and open source appliances, devices, and products. Many of the "
"world's largest IT companies use FreeBSD:"
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 先進的功能、成熟的安全性、可預測的發佈週期以及自由的授權條款，讓 "
"FreeBSD 已經被用來做為建立許多商業、開源應用、裝置以及產品的平台，有許多世界"
"上最大的資訊公司使用 FreeBSD："

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2001 book.translate.xml:55647
msgid "<primary>Apache</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2000
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.apache.org/\">Apache</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"The Apache Software Foundation runs most of its public facing "
"infrastructure, including possibly one of the largest SVN repositories in "
"the world with over 1.4 million commits, on FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.apache.org/\">Apache</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"Apache 軟體基金會中大部分面對大眾的基礎設施，包括可能是世界上最大的 SVN 檔案"
"庫 (擁有超過 140 萬次提交) 都是在 FreeBSD 上運作。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2011
msgid "<primary>Apple</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2010
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.apple.com/\">Apple</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"OS X borrows heavily from FreeBSD for the network stack, virtual file "
"system, and many userland components. Apple iOS also contains elements "
"borrowed from FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.apple.com/\">Apple</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"OS X 大量借鑒 FreeBSD 的網路 Stack、虛擬檔案系統以及許多使用者空間的元件。"
"Apple iOS 中含有從 FreeBSD 借鑒來的元素。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2021
msgid "<primary>Cisco</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2020
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.cisco.com/\">Cisco</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"IronPort network security and anti-spam appliances run a modified FreeBSD "
"kernel."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.cisco.com/\">Cisco</link> <_:indexterm-1/> -  "
"IronPort 網路安全及反垃圾郵件設備是採用改良後 FreeBSD 核心來運作。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2029
msgid "<primary>Citrix</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2028
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.citrix.com/\">Citrix</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"The NetScaler line of security appliances provide layer 4-7 load balancing, "
"content caching, application firewall, secure VPN, and mobile cloud network "
"access, along with the power of a FreeBSD shell."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.citrix.com/\">Citrix</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"安全設備的 NetScaler 產品線提供的第 4-7 層的負載均衡、內容快取、應用層防火"
"牆、安全的 VPN 以及行動雲端網路存取，皆運用了 FreeBSD Shell 強大的功能。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2039
msgid "<primary>Isilon</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2038
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"https://www.emc.com/isilon\">Dell EMC Isilon</link> <_:"
"indexterm-1/> - Isilon's enterprise storage appliances are based on FreeBSD. "
"The extremely liberal FreeBSD license allowed Isilon to integrate their "
"intellectual property throughout the kernel and focus on building their "
"product instead of an operating system."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.isilon.com/\">Isilon</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"Isilon 的企業存儲設備以 FreeBSD 為基礎。非常自由的 FreeBSD 授權條款讓 Isilon "
"整合了它們的智慧財產到整個核心，並專注打造自己的產品，而不是一個作業系統。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2051
msgid "<primary>Dell KACE</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2049
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.dell.com/KACE\">Dell KACE</link> <_:"
"indexterm-1/> - The KACE system management appliances run FreeBSD because of "
"its reliability, scalability, and the community that supports its continued "
"development."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.dell.com/KACE\">Dell KACE</link> <_:"
"indexterm-1/> - KACE 系統管理設備中運作了 FreeBSD，因為 FreeBSD 的可靠性、可"
"擴展性以及支持其持續發展的社群。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2060
msgid "<primary>iXsystems</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2059
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.ixsystems.com/\">iXsystems</link> <_:"
"indexterm-1/> - The TrueNAS line of unified storage appliances is based on "
"FreeBSD. In addition to their commercial products, iXsystems also manages "
"development of the open source projects TrueOS and FreeNAS."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.ixsystems.com/\">iXsystems</link> <_:"
"indexterm-1/> - 統合存儲 (Unified Storage) 設備的 TrueNAS 產品線是以 FreeBSD "
"為基礎。除了該公司自己的商業產品外，iXsystems 也管理著 TrueOS 和 FreeNAS 兩個"
"開源計劃的開發。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2070
msgid "<primary>Juniper</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2069
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.juniper.net/\">Juniper</link> <_:indexterm-1/> "
"- The JunOS operating system that powers all Juniper networking gear "
"(including routers, switches, security, and networking appliances) is based "
"on FreeBSD. Juniper is one of many vendors that showcases the symbiotic "
"relationship between the project and vendors of commercial products. "
"Improvements generated at Juniper are upstreamed into FreeBSD to reduce the "
"complexity of integrating new features from FreeBSD back into JunOS in the "
"future."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.juniper.net/\">Juniper</link> <_:indexterm-1/> "
"-  JunOS 作業系統驅動了所有的 Juniper 網絡設備 (包括路由器，交換器，安全與網"
"絡設備) 便是以 FreeBSD 為基礎。Juniper 在眾多廠商之中，展現了計劃與商業產品供"
"應商之間的共生關係。由 Juniper 所開發的改進內容會回饋給 FreeBSD 來降低未來新"
"功能從  FreeBSD 整合回 JunOS 的複雜性。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2085
msgid "<primary>McAfee</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2084
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.mcafee.com/\">McAfee</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"SecurOS, the basis of McAfee enterprise firewall products including "
"Sidewinder is based on FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.mcafee.com/\">McAfee</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"SecurOS 是 McAfee 企業防火牆產品的基礎，其中包含了 Sidewinder ，也是以 "
"FreeBSD 為基礎。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2094
msgid "<primary>NetApp</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2093
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.netapp.com/\">NetApp</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"The Data ONTAP GX line of storage appliances are based on FreeBSD. In "
"addition, NetApp has contributed back many features, including the new BSD "
"licensed hypervisor, bhyve."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.netapp.com/\">NetApp</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"存儲設備中的 Data ONTAP GX 產品線是以 FreeBSD 為基礎。除此之外，NetApp 還貢獻"
"了回 FreeBSD 許多功能，包括新 BSD 條款授權的 hypervisor, bhyve。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2104
msgid "<primary>Netflix</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2103
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.netflix.com/\">Netflix</link> <_:indexterm-1/> "
"- The OpenConnect appliance that Netflix uses to stream movies to its "
"customers is based on FreeBSD. Netflix has made extensive contributions to "
"the codebase and works to maintain a zero delta from mainline FreeBSD. "
"Netflix OpenConnect appliances are responsible for delivering more than 32% "
"of all Internet traffic in North America."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.netflix.com/\">Netflix</link> <_:indexterm-1/> "
"- Netflix 用來以串流傳送電影到客戶的 OpenConnect 設備是以 FreeBSD 為基礎。 "
"Netflix 也做了大量貢獻到程式碼庫，並致力於維持與主線 FreeBSD 的零修正關係。"
"Netflix 的 OpenConnect 設備負責了北美所有的網路流量 32％ 以上。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2117
msgid "<primary>Sandvine</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2116
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.sandvine.com/\">Sandvine</link> <_:indexterm-1/"
"> - Sandvine uses FreeBSD as the basis of their high performance real-time "
"network processing platforms that make up their intelligent network policy "
"control products."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.sandvine.com/\">Sandvine</link> <_:indexterm-1/"
"> - Sandvine 使用 FreeBSD 作為它的高性能即時網路處理平台的基礎來建立它們的智"
"慧網路策略控制產品。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2127
msgid "<primary>Sony</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2126
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.sony.com/\">Sony</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - The "
"PlayStation 4 gaming console runs a modified version of FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.sony.com/\">Sony</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"PlayStation 4 遊戲主機使用了修改過的 FreeBSD 版本來運作。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2135
msgid "<primary>Sophos</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2134
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.sophos.com/\">Sophos</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"The Sophos Email Appliance product is based on a hardened FreeBSD and scans "
"inbound mail for spam and viruses, while also monitoring outbound mail for "
"malware as well as the accidental loss of sensitive information."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.sophos.com/\">Sophos</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"Sophos 電子郵件設備產品是以加強防護 (Hardened) 的 FreeBSD 為基礎，可掃描入站"
"郵件中的垃圾郵件和病毒，同時也可監控出站郵件中的惡意軟體及敏感資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2147
msgid "<primary>Spectra Logic</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2145
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.spectralogic.com/\">Spectra Logic</link> <_:"
"indexterm-1/> - The nTier line of archive grade storage appliances run "
"FreeBSD and OpenZFS."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.spectralogic.com/\">Spectra Logic</link> <_:"
"indexterm-1/> - 儲藏級儲存設備的 nTier 產品線以 FreeBSD 和 OpenZFS 來運作。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2155
msgid "<primary>Stormshield</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>Stormshield</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2154
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"https://www.stormshield.eu\">Stormshield</link> <_:"
"indexterm-1/> - Stormshield Network Security appliances are based on a "
"hardened version of FreeBSD. The BSD license allows them to integrate their "
"own intellectual property with the system while returning a great deal of "
"interesting development to the community."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"https://www.stormshield.eu\">Stormshield</link> <_:"
"indexterm-1/> - Stormshield 網路安全設備使用了硬體化版本的 FreeBSD 做為基礎，"
"BSD 授權條款讓他們可將其智慧財產與系統整合並同時回饋大量有趣的發展給社群。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2168
msgid "<primary>The Weather Channel</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2166
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.weather.com/\">The Weather Channel</link> <_:"
"indexterm-1/> - The IntelliStar appliance that is installed at each local "
"cable provider's headend and is responsible for injecting local weather "
"forecasts into the cable TV network's programming runs FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.weather.com/\">The Weather Channel</link> <_:"
"indexterm-1/> - 被安裝在各地有線電視營運商前端，負責加入當地天氣預報到有線電"
"視網路節目的 IntelliStar 設備便是使用 FreeBSD。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2179
msgid "<primary>Verisign</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2178
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.verisign.com/\">Verisign</link> <_:indexterm-1/"
"> - Verisign is responsible for operating the .com and .net root domain "
"registries as well as the accompanying DNS infrastructure. They rely on a "
"number of different network operating systems including FreeBSD to ensure "
"there is no common point of failure in their infrastructure."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.verisign.com/\">Verisign</link> <_:indexterm-1/"
"> - VeriSign 主要經營 .com 與 .net 根網域名稱註冊業務以及隨附的 DNS 基礎設施"
"運作。這些基礎設施的運作仰賴各種不同的網路作業系統包括 FreeBSD 來確保不會有單"
"點故障的問題。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2192
msgid "<primary>Voxer</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2191
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.voxer.com/\">Voxer</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"Voxer powers their mobile voice messaging platform with ZFS on FreeBSD. "
"Voxer switched from a Solaris derivative to FreeBSD because of its superior "
"documentation, larger and more active community, and more developer friendly "
"environment. In addition to critical features like <acronym>ZFS</acronym> "
"and DTrace, FreeBSD also offers TRIM support for <acronym>ZFS</acronym>."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.voxer.com/\">Voxer</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"Voxer 使用了 FreeBSD 的 ZFS 來驅動行動語音通訊平台，讓 Voxer 從 Solaris 改使"
"用 FreeBSD 的原因是 FreeBSD 擁有詳盡的文件、更大型且活躍的社群、較便利的開發"
"人員環境。除了提供關鍵的 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> 和 DTrace 功能之外 FreeBSD "
"的 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> 也支援了 TRIM。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2206
msgid "<primary>WhatsApp</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2205
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.whatsapp.com/\">WhatsApp</link> <_:indexterm-1/"
"> - When WhatsApp needed a platform that would be able to handle more than 1 "
"million concurrent TCP connections per server, they chose FreeBSD. They then "
"proceeded to scale past 2.5 million connections per server."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.whatsapp.com/\">WhatsApp</link> <_:indexterm-1/"
"> - 當 WhatsApp 面臨需要一個每台伺服器能夠同時處理超過 100 萬個 TCP 連線的平"
"台時，它們選擇了 FreeBSD。它們接著擴大規模到每台伺服器處理超過 250 萬的連線。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2218
msgid "<primary>Wheel Systems</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2216
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://wheelsystems.com/\">Wheel Systems</link> <_:"
"indexterm-1/> - The FUDO security appliance allows enterprises to monitor, "
"control, record, and audit contractors and administrators who work on their "
"systems. Based on all of the best security features of FreeBSD including "
"ZFS, GELI, Capsicum, HAST, and auditdistd."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://wheelsystems.com/\">Wheel Systems</link> <_:"
"indexterm-1/> - FUDO 安全性設備讓企業可以監控、控制、記錄以及稽查在其系統中作"
"業的承包商與管理員。這些功能皆是以 FreeBSD 最佳的安全性功能為基礎，包括 ZFS, "
"GELI, Capsicum, HAST 及 auditdistd。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2230
msgid "FreeBSD has also spawned a number of related open source projects:"
msgstr "FreeBSD 也催生了數個相關的開源計劃："

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2237
msgid "<primary>BSD Router</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2235
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://bsdrp.net/\">BSD Router</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"A FreeBSD based replacement for large enterprise routers designed to run on "
"standard PC hardware."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://bsdrp.net/\">BSD Router</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"以 FreeBSD 為基礎的大型企業路由器替代方案，專門設計為可在標準 PC 硬體上運作。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2246
msgid "<primary>FreeNAS</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2245
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.freenas.org/\">FreeNAS</link> <_:indexterm-1/> "
"- A customized FreeBSD designed to be used as a network file server "
"appliance. Provides a python based web interface to simplify the management "
"of both the UFS and ZFS file systems. Includes support for NFS, SMB/CIFS, "
"AFP, FTP, and iSCSI. Includes an extensible plugin system based on FreeBSD "
"jails."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.freenas.org/\">FreeNAS</link> <_:indexterm-1/> "
"- 專為網路檔案伺服器設備使用所設計的 FreeBSD。提供了以 Python 為基礎的網頁介"
"面來簡化 UFS 與 ZFS 檔案系統的管理，支援了 NFS、SMB/ CIFS、AFP、FTP 與 "
"iSCSI，還有以 FreeBSD Jail 為基礎的套件系統。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2258
msgid "<primary>GhostBSD</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2257
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.ghostbsd.org/\">GhostBSD</link> <_:indexterm-1/"
"> - A desktop oriented distribution of FreeBSD bundled with the Gnome "
"desktop environment."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.ghostbsd.org/\">GhostBSD</link> <_:indexterm-1/"
"> - 採用 Gnome 桌面環境的 FreeBSD 發行版。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2266
msgid "<primary>mfsBSD</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2265
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://mfsbsd.vx.sk/\">mfsBSD</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - A "
"toolkit for building a FreeBSD system image that runs entirely from memory."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://mfsbsd.vx.sk/\">mfsBSD</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - 用"
"來建置可完全從記憶體執行 FreeBSD 系統映像檔工具。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2274
msgid "<primary>NAS4Free</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2273
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.nas4free.org/\">NAS4Free</link> <_:indexterm-1/"
"> - A file server distribution based on FreeBSD with a PHP powered web "
"interface."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.nas4free.org/\">NAS4Free</link> <_:indexterm-1/"
"> - 以 FreeBSD 及 PHP 驅動網頁介面為基礎的檔案伺服器。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2282
msgid "<primary>OPNsense</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2281
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.opnsense.org/\">OPNSense</link> <_:indexterm-1/"
"> - OPNsense is an open source, easy-to-use and easy-to-build FreeBSD based "
"firewall and routing platform. OPNsense includes most of the features "
"available in expensive commercial firewalls, and more in many cases. It "
"brings the rich feature set of commercial offerings with the benefits of "
"open and verifiable sources."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.opnsense.org/\">OPNSense</link> <_:indexterm-1/"
"> - OPNsense 是一個以 FreeBSD 為基礎的開源、易於使用及易於建置的防火牆和路由"
"平台。OPNsense 有大多數在昂貴的商業防火牆上才有的功能。它帶來了商業產品的豐富"
"功能集，同時擁有開放和安全的來源。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2294
msgid "<primary>TrueOS</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>TrueOS</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2293
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"https://www.trueos.org\">TrueOS</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"A customized version of FreeBSD geared towards desktop users with graphical "
"utilities to exposing the power of FreeBSD to all users. Designed to ease "
"the transition of Windows and OS X users."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"https://www.trueos.org\">TrueOS</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"訂製版本的 FreeBSD，裝備了給桌面使用者使用的圖型化工具來展示 FreeBSD 強大的功"
"能給所有使用者，專門設計來緩解使用者在 Windows 與 OS X 間的過渡。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2304
msgid "<primary>pfSense</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2303
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.pfsense.org/\">pfSense</link> <_:indexterm-1/> "
"- A firewall distribution based on FreeBSD with a huge array of features and "
"extensive IPv6 support."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.pfsense.org/\">pfSense</link> <_:indexterm-1/> "
"- 以 FreeBSD 為基礎的防火牆發行版，支援巨型陣列及大規模 IPv6。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2313
msgid "<primary>ZRouter</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2312
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://zrouter.org/\">ZRouter</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - "
"An open source alternative firmware for embedded devices based on FreeBSD. "
"Designed to replace the proprietary firmware on off-the-shelf routers."
msgstr ""
"<link xlink:href=\"http://zrouter.org/\">ZRouter</link> <_:indexterm-1/> - 嵌"
"入式裝置韌體的開源替代方案，以 FreeBSD 為基礎，專門設計來取代現成路由器上的專"
"用韌體。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2321
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Wikipedia also maintains a <link xlink:href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"List_of_products_based_on_FreeBSD\">list of products based on FreeBSD</link>."
msgstr ""
"還有許多的應用。維基百科也維護了一份 <link xlink:href=\"http://en.wikipedia."
"org/wiki/List_of_products_based_on_FreeBSD\">以 FreeBSD 為基礎的產品</link>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:2328
msgid "About the FreeBSD Project"
msgstr "關於 FreeBSD 計劃"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:2330
msgid ""
"The following section provides some background information on the project, "
"including a brief history, project goals, and the development model of the "
"project."
msgstr "接下來講的是 FreeBSD 計劃的背景，包含歷史、計劃目標以及開發模式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:2335
msgid "A Brief History of FreeBSD"
msgstr "FreeBSD 歷史簡介"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2337
msgid "<primary>386BSD Patchkit</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2338
msgid "<primary>Hubbard, Jordan</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2339
msgid "<primary>Williams, Nate</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2340
msgid "<primary>Grimes, Rod</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2341
msgid "<primary>FreeBSD Project</primary> <secondary>history</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2346
msgid ""
"The FreeBSD Project had its genesis in the early part of 1993, partially as "
"an outgrowth of the Unofficial 386BSDPatchkit by the patchkit's last 3 "
"coordinators: Nate Williams, Rod Grimes and Jordan Hubbard."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 計畫起源於 1993 年初， 那是源自於維護一組『非官方 386BSD 修正工具』計"
"劃的最後三個協調人 Nate Williams，Rod Grimes 和 Jordan Hubbard。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2351 book.translate.xml:2391
msgid "<primary>386BSD</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2352
msgid ""
"The original goal was to produce an intermediate snapshot of 386BSD in order "
"to fix a number of problems with it that the patchkit mechanism just was not "
"capable of solving. The early working title for the project was 386BSD 0.5 "
"or 386BSD Interim in reference of that fact."
msgstr ""
"最初的目標是做出一份 386BSD 的中間版本的快照 (Snapshot) 來修正使用修正工具 "
"(Patchkit) 機制無法解決的數個問題，也因此早期的計劃名稱叫做 386BSD 0.5 或 "
"386BSD Interim 便是這個原因。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2358
msgid "<primary>Jolitz, Bill</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2359
msgid ""
"386BSD was Bill Jolitz's operating system, which had been up to that point "
"suffering rather severely from almost a year's worth of neglect. As the "
"patchkit swelled ever more uncomfortably with each passing day, they decided "
"to assist Bill by providing this interim <quote>cleanup</quote> snapshot. "
"Those plans came to a rude halt when Bill Jolitz suddenly decided to "
"withdraw his sanction from the project without any clear indication of what "
"would be done instead."
msgstr ""
"386BSD 是 Bill Jolitz 的作業系統，在當時就已經忍受了將近一年的忽視，隨著修正"
"工具日漸龐大的令人不舒服，他們決定提供一份過渡性的 <quote>簡潔</quote> 快照來"
"幫助 Bill。 然而，由於 Bill Jolitz 忽然決定取消其對該計劃的認可，且沒有明確指"
"出未來的打算，所以該計劃便突然面臨中止。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2369
msgid "<primary>Greenman, David</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2370
msgid "<primary>Walnut Creek CDROM</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2372
msgid ""
"The trio thought that the goal remained worthwhile, even without Bill's "
"support, and so they adopted the name \"FreeBSD\" coined by David Greenman. "
"The initial objectives were set after consulting with the system's current "
"users and, once it became clear that the project was on the road to perhaps "
"even becoming a reality, Jordan contacted Walnut Creek CDROM with an eye "
"toward improving FreeBSD's distribution channels for those many unfortunates "
"without easy access to the Internet. Walnut Creek CDROM not only supported "
"the idea of distributing FreeBSD on CD but also went so far as to provide "
"the project with a machine to work on and a fast Internet connection. "
"Without Walnut Creek CDROM's almost unprecedented degree of faith in what "
"was, at the time, a completely unknown project, it is quite unlikely that "
"FreeBSD would have gotten as far, as fast, as it has today."
msgstr ""
"這三人認為這個目標即始沒有 Bill 的支持仍有保留的價值，最後他們採用 David "
"Greenman 丟銅板決定的名字，也就是 \"FreeBSD\"。在詢問了當時的一些使用者意見之"
"後決定了最初的目標，隨著目標越來越明確便開始著手進行。Jordan 找了 Walnut "
"Creek CD-ROM 商討，著眼於如何改進 FreeBSD 的發行通路，讓那些不便上網的人可簡"
"單的取得。 Walnut Creek CD-ROM 不只贊成以 CD 來發行 FreeBSD 的想法，同時提供"
"了一台機器以及快速的網路。 若不是 Walnut Creek CD-ROM 在那個時間上史無前例的"
"信任，這個默默無名的計劃很可能不會成為現在的 FreeBSD 快速的成長到今日這樣的規"
"模。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2388
msgid "<primary>4.3BSD-Lite</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2389 book.translate.xml:2404
msgid "<primary>Net/2</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2390 book.translate.xml:2403
msgid "<primary>U.C. Berkeley</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2392 book.translate.xml:8793
msgid "<primary>Free Software Foundation</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2394
msgid ""
"The first CD-ROM (and general net-wide) distribution was FreeBSD 1.0, "
"released in December of 1993. This was based on the 4.3BSD-Lite "
"(<quote>Net/2</quote>) tape from U.C. Berkeley, with many components also "
"provided by 386BSD and the Free Software Foundation. It was a fairly "
"reasonable success for a first offering, and they followed it with the "
"highly successful FreeBSD 1.1 release in May of 1994."
msgstr ""
"第一張以 CD-ROM (及網路) 發行的版本為 FreeBSD 1.0，是在 1993 年十二月發佈。 "
"該版本採用了 U.C. Berkeley 以磁帶方式發行的 4.3BSD-Lite (<quote>Net/2</"
"quote>) 及許多來自於 386BSD 和自由軟體基金會的元件為基礎。對於第一次發行而言"
"還算成功，我們又接著於 1994 年 5 月發行了相當成功的 FreeBSD 1.1。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2402
msgid "<primary>Novell</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2405
msgid "<primary>AT&amp;T</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2406
msgid ""
"Around this time, some rather unexpected storm clouds formed on the horizon "
"as Novell and U.C. Berkeley settled their long-running lawsuit over the "
"legal status of the Berkeley Net/2 tape. A condition of that settlement was "
"U.C. Berkeley's concession that large parts of Net/2 were <quote>encumbered</"
"quote> code and the property of Novell, who had in turn acquired it from "
"AT&amp;T some time previously. What Berkeley got in return was Novell's "
"<quote>blessing</quote> that the 4.4BSD-Lite release, when it was finally "
"released, would be declared unencumbered and all existing Net/2 users would "
"be strongly encouraged to switch. This included FreeBSD, and the project was "
"given until the end of July 1994 to stop shipping its own Net/2 based "
"product. Under the terms of that agreement, the project was allowed one last "
"release before the deadline, that release being FreeBSD 1.1.5.1."
msgstr ""
"然而此後不久，另一個意外的風暴在 Novell 與 U.C. Berkeley 關於 Berkeley Net/2 "
"磁帶之法律地位的訴訟確定之後形成。 U.C. Berkeley 承認大部份的 Net/2 的程式碼"
"都是<quote>侵佔來的</quote>且是屬於 Novell 的財產 -- 事實上是當時不久前從 "
"AT&amp;T 取得的。 Berkeley 得到的是 Novell 對於 4.4BSD-Lite 的<quote>祝福</"
"quote>，最後當 4.4BSD-Lite 終於發行之後，便不再是侵佔行為。 而所有現有 Net/2 "
"使用者都被強烈建議更換新版本，這包括了 FreeBSD。 於是，我們被要求於 1994 年 "
"6 月底前停止散佈以 Net/2 為基礎的產品。在此前提之下，本計劃被允許在期限以前作"
"最後一次發行，也就是 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2423
msgid ""
"FreeBSD then set about the arduous task of literally re-inventing itself "
"from a completely new and rather incomplete set of 4.4BSD-Lite bits. The "
"<quote>Lite</quote> releases were light in part because Berkeley's CSRG had "
"removed large chunks of code required for actually constructing a bootable "
"running system (due to various legal requirements) and the fact that the "
"Intel port of 4.4 was highly incomplete. It took the project until November "
"of 1994 to make this transition, and in December it released FreeBSD 2.0 to "
"the world. Despite being still more than a little rough around the edges, "
"the release was a significant success and was followed by the more robust "
"and easier to install FreeBSD 2.0.5 release in June of 1995."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 便開始了這宛如『重新發明輪子』的艱鉅工作 -- 從全新的且不完整的 "
"4.4BSD-Lite 重新整合。 這個 <quote>Lite</quote> 版本是不完整的，因為 "
"Berkeley 的 CSRG 已經刪除了大量在建立一個可以開機執行的系統所需要的程式碼 (基"
"於若干法律上的要求)，且該版本在 Intel 平台的移植是非常不完整的。 直到 1994 "
"年 11 月本計劃才完成了這個轉移， 同時在該年 12 月底以 CD-ROM 以及網路的形式發"
"行了 FreeBSD 2.0。 雖然該份版本在當時有點匆促粗糙，但仍是富有意義的成功。 隨"
"之於 1995 年 6 月又發行了更容易安裝，更好的 FreeBSD 2.0.5。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2437
msgid ""
"Since that time, FreeBSD has made a series of releases each time improving "
"the stability, speed, and feature set of the previous version."
msgstr ""
"自那時以來，FreeBSD 在每一次對先前版本改進穩定性、速度及功能時便會發佈一個新"
"的發佈版本。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2441
msgid ""
"For now, long-term development projects continue to take place in the 10.X-"
"CURRENT (trunk) branch, and snapshot releases of 10.X are continually made "
"available from <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/"
"snapshots/\">the snapshot server</link> as work progresses."
msgstr ""
"目前，長期的開發計畫繼續在 10.X-CURRENT (trunk) 分支中進行，而 10.X 的快照 "
"(Snapshot) 版本可以在 <link xlink:href=\"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/"
"snapshots/\">快照伺服器</link> 取得。"

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:2449
msgid "FreeBSD Project Goals"
msgstr "FreeBSD 計劃目標"

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:2452
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Jordan</firstname> <surname>Hubbard</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2462
msgid "<primary>FreeBSD Project</primary> <secondary>goals</secondary>"
msgstr "<primary>FreeBSD 計劃</primary> <secondary>目標</secondary>"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2466
msgid ""
"The goals of the FreeBSD Project are to provide software that may be used "
"for any purpose and without strings attached. Many of us have a significant "
"investment in the code (and project) and would certainly not mind a little "
"financial compensation now and then, but we are definitely not prepared to "
"insist on it. We believe that our first and foremost <quote>mission</quote> "
"is to provide code to any and all comers, and for whatever purpose, so that "
"the code gets the widest possible use and provides the widest possible "
"benefit. This is, I believe, one of the most fundamental goals of Free "
"Software and one that we enthusiastically support."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 計劃的目標在於提供可作任意用途的軟體而不附帶任何限制條文。 我們之中許"
"多人對程式碼 (以及計畫本身) 都有非常大的投入， 因此，當然不介意偶爾有一些資金"
"上的補償，但我們並沒打算堅決地要求得到這類資助。 我們認為我們的首要<quote>使"
"命</quote>是為任何人提供程式碼， 不管他們打算用這些程式碼做什麼， 因為這樣程"
"式碼將能夠被更廣泛地使用，從而發揮其價值。 我認為這是自由軟體最基本的，同時也"
"是我們所倡導的一個目標。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2478
msgid "<primary>GNU General Public License (GPL)</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>GNU 通用公共授權條款 (GPL)</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2481
msgid "<primary>GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>GNU 較寬鬆通用公共授權條款 (LGPL)</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2484
msgid "<primary>BSD Copyright</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>BSD 版權</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2485
msgid ""
"That code in our source tree which falls under the GNU General Public "
"License (GPL) or Library General Public License (LGPL) comes with slightly "
"more strings attached, though at least on the side of enforced access rather "
"than the usual opposite. Due to the additional complexities that can evolve "
"in the commercial use of GPL software we do, however, prefer software "
"submitted under the more relaxed BSD copyright when it is a reasonable "
"option to do so."
msgstr ""
"我們程式碼樹中，有若干是以 GNU 通用公共授權條款 (GPL) 或者 GNU 較寬鬆通用公共"
"授權條款 (LGPL) 發佈的那些程式碼帶有少許的附加限制，還好只是強制性的要求開放"
"程式碼而不是別的。 由於使用 GPL 的軟體在商業用途上會增加若干複雜性，因此，如"
"果可以選擇的話， 我們會比較喜歡使用限制相對更寬鬆的 BSD 版權來發佈軟體。"

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:2497
msgid "The FreeBSD Development Model"
msgstr "FreeBSD 開發模式"

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:2500
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Satoshi</firstname> <surname>Asami</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2510
msgid ""
"<primary>FreeBSD Project</primary> <secondary>development model</secondary>"
msgstr "<primary>FreeBSD 專案</primary> <secondary>開發模式</secondary>"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2515
msgid ""
"The development of FreeBSD is a very open and flexible process, being "
"literally built from the contributions of thousands of people around the "
"world, as can be seen from our <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/"
"en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/article.html\">list of contributors</"
"link>. FreeBSD's development infrastructure allow these thousands of "
"contributors to collaborate over the Internet. We are constantly on the "
"lookout for new developers and ideas, and those interested in becoming more "
"closely involved with the project need simply contact us at the <link xlink:"
"href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers\">FreeBSD "
"technical discussions mailing list</link>. The <link xlink:href=\"http://"
"lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-announce\">FreeBSD announcements "
"mailing list</link> is also available to those wishing to make other FreeBSD "
"users aware of major areas of work."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 的開發是一個非常開放且具彈性的過程，就像從 <link xlink:href="
"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/contributors/article.html\">貢獻"
"者名單</link> 所看到的，是由全世界成千上萬的貢獻者發展起來的。 FreeBSD 的開發"
"基礎架構允許數以百計的開發者透過網際網路協同工作。 我們也經常關注著那些對我們"
"的計畫感興趣的新開發者和新的創意， 那些有興趣更進一步參與計劃的人只需要在 "
"<link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers"
"\">FreeBSD 技術討論郵遞論壇</link> 連繫我們。 <link xlink:href=\"http://"
"lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-announce\">FreeBSD 公告郵遞論壇</"
"link> 對那些希望了解我們進度的人也是相當有用的。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2528
msgid ""
"Useful things to know about the FreeBSD Project and its development process, "
"whether working independently or in close cooperation:"
msgstr ""
"無論是單獨開發者或者封閉式的團隊合作，多瞭解 FreeBSD 計劃和它的開發過程會是不"
"錯的︰"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:2534
msgid "The SVN repositories<anchor xml:id=\"development-cvs-repository\"/>"
msgstr "SVN 檔案庫<anchor xml:id=\"development-cvs-repository\"/>"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2538
msgid "<primary>CVS</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2542
msgid "<primary>CVS Repository</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>CVS 檔案庫</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2546
msgid "<primary>Concurrent Versions System</primary> <see>CVS</see>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2551 book.translate.xml:45362 book.translate.xml:65535
msgid "<primary>Subversion</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2555
msgid "<primary>Subversion Repository</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2559
msgid "<primary>SVN</primary> <see>Subversion</see>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2537
msgid ""
"<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> <_:indexterm-3/> <_:indexterm-4/> <_:"
"indexterm-5/> <_:indexterm-6/> For several years, the central source tree "
"for FreeBSD was maintained by <link xlink:href=\"http://www.nongnu.org/cvs/"
"\">CVS</link> (Concurrent Versions System), a freely available source code "
"control tool. In June 2008, the Project switched to using <link xlink:href="
"\"http://subversion.tigris.org\">SVN</link> (Subversion). The switch was "
"deemed necessary, as the technical limitations imposed by <application>CVS</"
"application> were becoming obvious due to the rapid expansion of the source "
"tree and the amount of history already stored. The Documentation Project and "
"Ports Collection repositories also moved from <application>CVS</application> "
"to <application>SVN</application> in May 2012 and July 2012, respectively. "
"Please refer to the <link linkend=\"synching\">Synchronizing your source "
"tree</link> section for more information on obtaining the FreeBSD "
"<literal>src/</literal> repository and <link linkend=\"ports-using\">Using "
"the Ports Collection</link> for details on obtaining the FreeBSD Ports "
"Collection."
msgstr ""
"<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> <_:indexterm-3/> <_:indexterm-4/> <_:"
"indexterm-5/> <_:indexterm-6/>過去數年來 FreeBSD 的中央原始碼樹 (Source "
"tree) 一直是以 <link xlink:href=\"http://www.nongnu.org/cvs/\">CVS</link> "
"(Concurrent Versions System) 來維護的， 它是一套免費的原始碼控管工具。 從 "
"2008 年 6 月起， FreeBSD 計劃開始改用 <link xlink:href=\"http://subversion."
"tigris.org\">SVN</link> (Subversion)。 這是一個必要的更換動作，因為隨著原始碼"
"樹及歷史版本儲存的數量不斷快速擴張，<application>CVS</application> 先天的技術"
"限制越來越明顯。 文件計劃與 Port 套件集檔案庫也同樣於 2012 年 5 月及 2012 年 "
"7 月由 <application>CVS</application> 改為 <application>SVN</application>。請"
"參考 <link linkend=\"synching\">同步您的原始碼樹</link> 一節來取得有關如何取"
"得 FreeBSD <literal>src/</literal> 檔案庫的更多資訊，以及 <link linkend="
"\"ports-using\">使用 Port 套件集</link> 了解如何取得 FreeBSD Port 套件集。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:2586
msgid "The committers list<anchor xml:id=\"development-committers\"/>"
msgstr "提交者名單<anchor xml:id=\"development-committers\"/>"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2590
msgid "<primary>committers</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>提交者</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2589
msgid ""
"The <firstterm>committers</firstterm> <_:indexterm-1/> are the people who "
"have <emphasis>write</emphasis> access to the Subversion tree, and are "
"authorized to make modifications to the FreeBSD source (the term "
"<quote>committer</quote> comes from <command>commit</command>, the source "
"control command which is used to bring new changes into the repository). "
"Anyone can submit a bug to the <link xlink:href=\"https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/"
"submit/\">Bug Database</link>. Before submitting a bug report, the FreeBSD "
"mailing lists, IRC channels, or forums can be used to help verify that an "
"issue is actually a bug."
msgstr ""
"所謂的 <firstterm>提交者 (Committer)</firstterm> 指的是對 Subversion 原始碼樹"
"有 <emphasis>寫入</emphasis> 權限的人， 並且被授予修改 FreeBSD 原始碼的權"
"限。 (<quote>committer</quote> 一詞源自版本管理系統中的 <command>commit</"
"command> 指令，該指令是用來把新的修改提交給檔案庫)。 任何人都可以回報問題到 "
"<link xlink:href=\"https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/submit/\">Bug Database</link>，在"
"回報問題之前，可以使用 FreeBSD 郵遞清單、IRC 頻道或論壇來確認問題真的是一個錯"
"誤 (Bug)。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:2606
msgid "The FreeBSD core team<anchor xml:id=\"development-core\"/>"
msgstr "FreeBSD 核心團隊<anchor xml:id=\"development-core\"/>"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2610
msgid "<primary>core team</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>核心團隊</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2609
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The <firstterm>FreeBSD core team</firstterm> <_:indexterm-1/> would be "
"equivalent to the board of directors if the FreeBSD Project were a company. "
"The primary task of the core team is to make sure the project, as a whole, "
"is in good shape and is heading in the right directions. Inviting dedicated "
"and responsible developers to join our group of committers is one of the "
"functions of the core team, as is the recruitment of new core team members "
"as others move on. The current core team was elected from a pool of "
"committer candidates in July 2018. Elections are held every 2 years."
msgstr ""
"如果把 FreeBSD 看成是一家公司的話， <firstterm>FreeBSD 核心團隊 (FreeBSD "
"core team)</firstterm><_:indexterm-1/> 就相當於董事會。 核心團隊的主要職責在"
"於確保此計劃有良好的架構，以朝著正確的方向發展。 此外，邀請熱血且負責的軟體開"
"發者加入提交者的行列， 以在若干成員離去時得以補充新血。 目前的核心團隊是在 "
"2014 年 7 月從提交者候選人之中選出來的，這個選舉每兩年會舉辦一次。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:2625
msgid ""
"Like most developers, most members of the core team are also volunteers when "
"it comes to FreeBSD development and do not benefit from the project "
"financially, so <quote>commitment</quote> should also not be misconstrued as "
"meaning <quote>guaranteed support.</quote> The <quote>board of directors</"
"quote> analogy above is not very accurate, and it may be more suitable to "
"say that these are the people who gave up their lives in favor of FreeBSD "
"against their better judgement!"
msgstr ""
"如同多數的開發者，核心團隊大部分成員加入 FreeBSD 開發都是志工性質而已， 並未"
"從本計劃中獲得任何薪酬，所以這只是一個 <quote>承諾</quote> 不應該被誤解為 "
"<quote>保證支援</quote> 才對。 前面用 <quote>董事會</quote> 來舉例可能不是很"
"恰當，或許我們應該說： 他們是一群自願放棄原本的優渥生活、個人其他領域成就， "
"而選擇投入 FreeBSD 開發的熱血有為者才對！"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:2640
msgid "Outside contributors"
msgstr "非官方貢獻者"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2643
msgid ""
"Last, but definitely not least, the largest group of developers are the "
"users themselves who provide feedback and bug fixes to us on an almost "
"constant basis. The primary way of keeping in touch with FreeBSD's more non-"
"centralized development is to subscribe to the <link xlink:href=\"http://"
"lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers\">FreeBSD technical "
"discussions mailing list</link> where such things are discussed. See <xref "
"linkend=\"eresources\"/> for more information about the various FreeBSD "
"mailing lists."
msgstr ""
"最後一點，但這點絕非最不重要的， 最大的開發者團隊就是持續為我們提供回饋以及錯"
"誤修正的使用者自己。 與 FreeBSD 非核心開發者互動的主要方式，便是透過訂閱 "
"<link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers"
"\">FreeBSD 技術討論郵遞論壇</link> 來進行溝通，這方面可參考，請參閱 <xref "
"linkend=\"eresources\"/> 以瞭解各式不同的 FreeBSD 郵遞論壇。"

#. (itstool) path: para/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2654
msgid "<primary>contributors</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>貢獻者</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2652
msgid ""
"<citetitle><link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/"
"contributors/article.html\">The FreeBSD Contributors List</link></citetitle> "
"<_:indexterm-1/> is a long and growing one, so why not join it by "
"contributing something back to FreeBSD today?"
msgstr ""
"<citetitle><link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/"
"contributors/article.html\">FreeBSD 貢獻者名單</link></citetitle> <_:"
"indexterm-1/> 相當長且不斷成長中， 只要有貢獻就會被列入其中， 要不要立即考慮"
"貢獻 FreeBSD 一些回饋呢？"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2659
msgid ""
"Providing code is not the only way of contributing to the project; for a "
"more complete list of things that need doing, please refer to the <link "
"xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/index.html\">FreeBSD Project web site</link>."
msgstr ""
"提供原始碼並非為這個計劃做貢獻的唯一方式； 需要大家投入的完整工作清單請參閱 "
"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/index.html\">FreeBSD 計畫網站</link>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2667
msgid ""
"In summary, our development model is organized as a loose set of concentric "
"circles. The centralized model is designed for the convenience of the "
"<emphasis>users</emphasis> of FreeBSD, who are provided with an easy way of "
"tracking one central code base, not to keep potential contributors out! Our "
"desire is to present a stable operating system with a large set of coherent "
"<link linkend=\"ports\">application programs</link> that the users can "
"easily install and use — this model works very well in accomplishing that."
msgstr ""
"總而言之，我們的開發模式像是由鬆散的同心圓所組織。這個集中模式的設計為的是讓 "
"FreeBSD 的<emphasis>使用者</emphasis>更便利，可以很容易的追蹤同一個中央的程式"
"庫，避免把潛在的貢獻者排除在外！而我們的目標是提供一個穩定的作業系統，並有大"
"量相關的 <link linkend=\"ports\">應用程式</link>，讓使用者能夠輕鬆的安裝與使"
"用 — 而這個開發模式對我們要完成這個目標來說運作的非常好。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2677
msgid ""
"All we ask of those who would join us as FreeBSD developers is some of the "
"same dedication its current people have to its continued success!"
msgstr ""
"我們對於那些想要加入 FreeBSD 開發者的期待是： 請保持如同前人一樣的投入，以確"
"保繼續成功！"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:2683
msgid "Third Party Programs"
msgstr "第三方程式"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2685
msgid ""
"In addition to the base distributions, FreeBSD offers a ported software "
"collection with thousands of commonly sought-after programs. At the time of "
"this writing, there were over 24,000 ports! The list of ports ranges from "
"http servers, to games, languages, editors, and almost everything in "
"between. The entire Ports Collection requires approximately 500 MB. To "
"compile a port, you simply change to the directory of the program you wish "
"to install, type <command>make install</command>, and let the system do the "
"rest. The full original distribution for each port you build is retrieved "
"dynamically so you need only enough disk space to build the ports you want. "
"Almost every port is also provided as a pre-compiled <quote>package</quote>, "
"which can be installed with a simple command (<command>pkg install</"
"command>) by those who do not wish to compile their own ports from source. "
"More information on packages and ports can be found in <xref linkend=\"ports"
"\"/>."
msgstr ""
"除了基礎發行版之外，FreeBSD 提供了擁有上千個常用的程式的移植軟體的套件集，在"
"撰寫本文的同時，已有超過 24,000 個 Port！Port 的範圍從 HTTP 伺服器到遊戲、語"
"系、編輯器，幾乎所有東西都在裡面。完整的 Port 套件集需要將近 500 MB。要編譯一"
"個 Port 您只需要切換目錄到您想安裝的程式目錄，然後輸入 <command>make "
"install</command>，接著系統便會處理剩下的動作。您編譯的每個 Port 完整原始發行"
"版內容是動態下載的，所以您只需要有足夠的磁碟空間來編譯您想要的 Port。幾乎所"
"有 Port 都提供已經預先編譯好的<quote>套件</quote>，您可以透過簡單的指令來安"
"裝 (<command>pkg install</command>)，提供那些不想要自行從原始碼編譯的人使用。"
"更多有關套件與 Port 的資訊可於 <xref linkend=\"ports\"/> 取得。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:2706
msgid "Additional Documentation"
msgstr "其他文件"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2708
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"All supported FreeBSD versions provide an option in the installer to install "
"additional documentation under <filename>/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd</"
"filename> during the initial system setup. Documentation may also be "
"installed at any later time using packages as described in <xref linkend="
"\"doc-ports-install-package\"/>. You may view the locally installed manuals "
"with any HTML capable browser using the following URLs:"
msgstr ""
"所有最近的 FreeBSD 版本在安裝程式 (不是 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysinstall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 就是 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bsdinstall</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>) 都有提供一個選項在初始"
"系統安裝時可安裝額外的說明文件到 <filename>/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd</"
"filename>。說明文件也可在往後使用套件安裝，詳細說明於 <xref linkend=\"doc-"
"ports-install-package\"/>。您可以使用任何支援 HTML 的瀏覽器進入下列 URL 檢視"
"已安裝在本機的操作手冊："

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:2720
msgid "The FreeBSD Handbook"
msgstr "FreeBSD 使用手冊"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2723
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"file://localhost/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/handbook/"
"index.html\"><filename>/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/handbook/index.html</"
"filename></link>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:2728
msgid "The FreeBSD FAQ"
msgstr "FreeBSD 常見問答集"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2731
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"file://localhost/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/faq/index."
"html\"><filename>/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/faq/index.html</filename></"
"link>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:2736
msgid ""
"You can also view the master (and most frequently updated) copies at <uri "
"xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/</uri>."
msgstr ""
"此外，可在下列網址找到最新版 (也是更新最頻繁的版本)：<uri xlink:href="
"\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/</uri>。"

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:2752
msgid "Installing FreeBSD"
msgstr "安裝 FreeBSD"

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:2780
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Gavin</firstname> <surname>Atkinson</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Updated for bsdinstall by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:2789
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Warren</firstname> <surname>Block</surname> </"
"personname>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:2798
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Allan</firstname> <surname>Jude</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Updated for root-on-ZFS by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:2812
msgid "<primary>installation</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>安裝</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:2814
msgid ""
"There are several different ways of getting FreeBSD to run, depending on the "
"environment. Those are:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2819
msgid ""
"Virtual Machine images, to download and import on a virtual environment of "
"choice. These can be downloaded from the <link xlink:href=\"https://www."
"freebsd.org/where.html\">Download FreeBSD</link> page. There are images for "
"KVM (<quote>qcow2</quote>), VMWare (<quote>vmdk</quote>), Hyper-V "
"(<quote>vhd</quote>), and raw device images that are universally supported. "
"These are not installation images, but rather the preconfigured "
"(<quote>already installed</quote>) instances, ready to run and perform post-"
"installation tasks."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2832
msgid ""
"Virtual Machine images available at Amazon's <link xlink:href=\"https://aws."
"amazon.com/mp/solutions/freebsd/\">AWS Marketplace</link>, <link xlink:href="
"\"https://azuremarketplace.microsoft.com/en-us/marketplace/apps?"
"search=freebsd&amp;page=1\">Microsoft Azure Marketplace</link>, and <link "
"xlink:href=\"https://console.cloud.google.com/launcher/details/freebsd-cloud/"
"freebsd-11\">Google Cloud Platform</link>, to run on their respective "
"hosting services. For more information on deploying FreeBSD on Azure please "
"consult the relevant chapter in the <link xlink:href=\"https://docs."
"microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/linux/freebsd-intro-on-azure"
"\">Azure Documentation</link>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2842
msgid ""
"SD card images, for embedded systems such as Raspberry Pi or BeagleBone "
"Black. These can be downloaded from the <link xlink:href=\"https://www."
"freebsd.org/where.html\">Download FreeBSD</link> page. These files must be "
"uncompressed and written as a raw image to an SD card, from which the board "
"will then boot."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2851
msgid ""
"Installation images, to install FreeBSD on a hard drive for the usual "
"desktop, laptop, or server systems."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:2857
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The rest of this chapter describes the fourth case, explaining how to "
"install FreeBSD using the text-based installation program named "
"<application>bsdinstall</application>."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"bsdinstall\"/> 增加的內容涵蓋使用新安裝工具 "
"<application>bsdinstall</application> 來安裝 FreeBSD。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:2862
msgid ""
"In general, the installation instructions in this chapter are written for "
"the <trademark>i386</trademark> and <acronym>AMD64</acronym> architectures. "
"Where applicable, instructions specific to other platforms will be listed. "
"There may be minor differences between the installer and what is shown here, "
"so use this chapter as a general guide rather than as a set of literal "
"instructions."
msgstr ""
"一般來說，本章所寫的安裝說明是針對 <trademark>i386</trademark> 和 "
"<acronym>AMD64</acronym> 架構。如果可以用於其他平台，將會列表說明。 安裝程式"
"和本章所敘述的內容可能會有些微差異，所以請將本章視為通用的指引，而不是完全照"
"著來做。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:2871
msgid ""
"Users who prefer to install FreeBSD using a graphical installer may be "
"interested in <application>pc-sysinstall</application>, the installer used "
"by the TrueOS Project. It can be used to install either a graphical desktop "
"(TrueOS) or a command line version of FreeBSD. Refer to the TrueOS Users "
"Handbook for details (<link xlink:href=\"https://www.trueos.org/handbook/"
"trueos.html\">https://www.trueos.org/handbook/trueos.html</link>)."
msgstr ""
"喜歡用圖形化安裝程式安裝 FreeBSD 的使用者， 可能會對 <application>pc-"
"sysinstall</application> 有興趣，這是 TrueOS 計畫所使用的。 他可以用來安裝圖"
"形化桌面 (TrueOS) 或是指令列版本的 FreeBSD。 細節請參考 TrueOS 使用者 "
"Handbook (<link xlink:href=\"https://www.trueos.org/handbook/trueos.html"
"\">https://www.trueos.org/handbook/trueos.html</link>)。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2883
msgid "The minimum hardware requirements and FreeBSD supported architectures."
msgstr "最低的硬體需求和 FreeBSD 支援的架構。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2888
msgid "How to create the FreeBSD installation media."
msgstr "如何建立 FreeBSD 的安裝媒體。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2892
msgid "How to start <application>bsdinstall</application>."
msgstr "如何開始執行 <application>bsdinstall</application>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2897
msgid ""
"The questions <application>bsdinstall</application> will ask, what they "
"mean, and how to answer them."
msgstr ""
"<application>bsdinstall</application> 會詢問的問題，問題代表的意思，以及如何"
"回答。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2902
msgid "How to troubleshoot a failed installation."
msgstr "安裝失敗時如何做故障排除。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2906
msgid ""
"How to access a live version of FreeBSD before committing to an installation."
msgstr "如何在正式安裝前使用 live 版本的 FreeBSD。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:2911 book.translate.xml:10612 book.translate.xml:13841
#: book.translate.xml:17932 book.translate.xml:19194 book.translate.xml:23611
#: book.translate.xml:29302 book.translate.xml:31049 book.translate.xml:31801
#: book.translate.xml:35456 book.translate.xml:41412 book.translate.xml:41601
#: book.translate.xml:43314 book.translate.xml:44337 book.translate.xml:45997
#: book.translate.xml:46730 book.translate.xml:48932 book.translate.xml:50638
#: book.translate.xml:57058 book.translate.xml:60709
msgid "Before reading this chapter, you should:"
msgstr "在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2915
msgid ""
"Read the supported hardware list that shipped with the version of FreeBSD to "
"be installed and verify that the system's hardware is supported."
msgstr ""
"閱讀即將安裝的 FreeBSD 版本所附帶的硬體支援清單，並核對系統的硬體是否有支援。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:2923
msgid "Minimum Hardware Requirements"
msgstr "最低硬體需求"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:2925
msgid ""
"The hardware requirements to install FreeBSD vary by architecture. Hardware "
"architectures and devices supported by a FreeBSD release are listed on the "
"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/releases/index.html\">FreeBSD Release "
"Information</link> page. The <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/where.html"
"\">FreeBSD download page</link> also has recommendations for choosing the "
"correct image for different architectures."
msgstr ""
"安裝 FreeBSD 的硬體需求隨 FreeBSD 的版本和硬體架構而不同。 FreeBSD 發行版支援"
"的硬體架構和裝置會列在 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/releases/index."
"html\">FreeBSD 發佈資訊</link> 頁面。<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/"
"where.html\">FreeBSD 下載頁面</link>\n"
"也有建議如何正確的選擇在不同架構使用的映像檔。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:2932
msgid ""
"A FreeBSD installation requires a minimum of 96 MB of <acronym>RAM</acronym> "
"and 1.5 GB of free hard drive space. However, such small amounts of memory "
"and disk space are really only suitable for custom applications like "
"embedded appliances. General-purpose desktop systems need more resources. "
"2-4 GB RAM and at least 8 GB hard drive space is a good starting point."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 安裝程序需要至少 96 MB 的 <acronym>RAM</acronym> 以及 1.5 GB 的硬碟空"
"間。然而，如此少的記憶體及磁碟空間只適合在客製的應用上，如嵌入式設備。一般用"
"途的桌面系統會需要更多的資源，2-4 GB RAM 與至少 8 GB 的硬碟空間是不錯的起點。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:2940
msgid "These are the processor requirements for each architecture:"
msgstr "每一種架構的處理器需求概述如下："

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:2945
msgid "amd64"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2947
msgid ""
"This is the most common desktop and laptop processor type, used in most "
"modern systems. <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> calls it "
"<acronym>Intel64</acronym>. Other manufacturers sometimes call it "
"<acronym>x86-64</acronym>."
msgstr ""
"桌面電腦與筆記型電腦最常見的處理器類型，運用在近代的系統。<trademark class="
"\"registered\">Intel</trademark> 稱該類型為 <acronym>Intel64</acronym>，其他"
"製造商則稱該類型為 <acronym>x86-64</acronym>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2952
msgid ""
"Examples of amd64 compatible processors include: <trademark>AMD Athlon</"
"trademark>64, <trademark>AMD Opteron</trademark>, multi-core <trademark "
"class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> <trademark>Xeon</trademark>, and "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> <trademark>Core</"
"trademark> 2 and later processors."
msgstr ""
"與 amd64 相容的處理器範例包含：<trademark>AMD Athlon</trademark>64, "
"<trademark>AMD Opteron</trademark>, 多核心 <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">Intel</trademark> <trademark>Xeon</trademark> 以及 <trademark class="
"\"registered\">Intel</trademark> <trademark>Core</trademark> 2 與之後的處理"
"器。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:2960
msgid "i386"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2962
msgid "Older desktops and laptops often use this 32-bit, x86 architecture."
msgstr "舊型的桌面電腦與筆記型電腦常使用此 32-bit, x86 架構。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2965
msgid ""
"Almost all i386-compatible processors with a floating point unit are "
"supported. All <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> processors "
"486 or higher are supported."
msgstr ""
"幾乎所有含浮點運算單元的 i386 相容處理器都有支援。所有 <trademark class="
"\"registered\">Intel</trademark> 486 或是更高階的處理器也有支援。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2969
msgid ""
"FreeBSD will take advantage of Physical Address Extensions (<acronym>PAE</"
"acronym>) support on <acronym>CPU</acronym>s with this feature. A kernel "
"with the <acronym>PAE</acronym> feature enabled will detect memory above "
"4 GB and allow it to be used by the system. However, using <acronym>PAE</"
"acronym> places constraints on device drivers and other features of FreeBSD. "
"Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pae</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for details."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 可在有支援實體位址延伸 (Physical Address Extensions, <acronym>PAE</"
"acronym>) 功能的 <acronym>CPU</acronym> 上運用該功能所帶來的優點。有開啟 "
"<acronym>PAE</acronym> 支援的核心會偵測超過 4 GB 的記憶體，並讓這些超過的記憶"
"體能夠被系統使用。 但使用 <acronym>PAE</acronym> 會限制裝置驅動程式及 "
"FreeBSD 的其他功能，詳情請見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pae</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:2981
msgid "ia64"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2983
msgid ""
"Currently supported processors are the <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">Itanium</trademark> and the <trademark class=\"registered\">Itanium</"
"trademark> 2. Supported chipsets include the HP zx1, <trademark class="
"\"registered\">Intel</trademark> 460GX, and <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">Intel</trademark> E8870. Both Uniprocessor (<acronym>UP</acronym>) and "
"Symmetric Multi-processor (<acronym>SMP</acronym>) configurations are "
"supported."
msgstr ""
"目前支援的處理器是 <trademark class=\"registered\">Itanium</trademark> 和 "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">Itanium</trademark> 2。支援的晶片組包括 HP "
"zx1， <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> 460GX 和 <trademark "
"class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> E8870。 單處理器 (Uniprocessor, "
"<acronym>UP</acronym>) 和對稱多處理器 (Symmetric Multi-processor, "
"<acronym>SMP</acronym>) 的設定都有支援。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:2993
msgid "powerpc"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:2995
msgid ""
"All New World <acronym>ROM</acronym> <trademark class=\"registered\">Apple</"
"trademark> <trademark class=\"registered\">Mac</trademark> systems with "
"built-in <acronym>USB</acronym> are supported. <acronym>SMP</acronym> is "
"supported on machines with multiple <acronym>CPU</acronym>s."
msgstr ""
"所有內建 <acronym>USB</acronym> 的 New World <acronym>ROM</acronym> "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">Apple</trademark> <trademark class="
"\"registered\">Mac</trademark> 系統都有支援。 <acronym>SMP</acronym> 在多 "
"<acronym>CPU</acronym> 的機器都有支援。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3000
msgid "A 32-bit kernel can only use the first 2 GB of <acronym>RAM</acronym>."
msgstr "32 位元的核心只能使用前 2 GB 的 <acronym>RAM</acronym>。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:3006
msgid "sparc64"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3008
msgid ""
"Systems supported by FreeBSD/sparc64 are listed at the <link xlink:href="
"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/platforms/sparc.html\">FreeBSD/sparc64 Project</link>."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD/sparc64 支援的系統列在 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/"
"platforms/sparc.html\">FreeBSD/sparc64 計劃</link>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3012
msgid ""
"<acronym>SMP</acronym> is supported on all systems with more than 1 "
"processor. A dedicated disk is required as it is not possible to share a "
"disk with another operating system at this time."
msgstr ""
"所有超過一個處理器的系統都有支援 <acronym>SMP</acronym>。需要專用的磁碟系統，"
"因為此時無法和其他作業系統共用磁碟。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:3022
msgid "Pre-Installation Tasks"
msgstr "安裝前準備工作"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:3024
msgid ""
"Once it has been determined that the system meets the minimum hardware "
"requirements for installing FreeBSD, the installation file should be "
"downloaded and the installation media prepared. Before doing this, check "
"that the system is ready for an installation by verifying the items in this "
"checklist:"
msgstr ""
"一旦確定系統符合安裝 FreeBSD 的最低硬體需求，就可以下載安裝檔案並準備安裝的媒"
"體。 做這些之前，先檢查以下核對清單的項目是否準備好了："

#. (itstool) path: step/title
#: book.translate.xml:3033
msgid "Back Up Important Data"
msgstr "備份重要資料"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:3035
msgid ""
"Before installing any operating system, <emphasis>always</emphasis> backup "
"all important data first. Do not store the backup on the system being "
"installed. Instead, save the data to a removable disk such as a "
"<acronym>USB</acronym> drive, another system on the network, or an online "
"backup service. Test the backup before starting the installation to make "
"sure it contains all of the needed files. Once the installer formats the "
"system's disk, all data stored on that disk will be lost."
msgstr ""
"安裝任何作業系統前， <emphasis>總是</emphasis> 要先備份所有重要資料。 不要儲"
"存備份在即將安裝的系統上，而是將資料儲存在可移除磁碟，像是 <acronym>USB</"
"acronym> 隨身碟、網路上的另一個系統或是線上備份服務上。 開始安裝程序前要檢查"
"備份，確定備份含有所有需要的檔案，一旦安裝程式格式化系統的磁碟，所有儲存在上"
"面的資料都會遺失。"

#. (itstool) path: step/title
#: book.translate.xml:3047
msgid "Decide Where to Install FreeBSD"
msgstr "決定 FreeBSD 安裝在哪裡"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:3049
msgid ""
"If FreeBSD will be the only operating system installed, this step can be "
"skipped. But if FreeBSD will share the disk with another operating system, "
"decide which disk or partition will be used for FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"如果 FreeBSD 是唯一一套要安裝到電腦的作業系統，這個步驟可以略過。 但是假如 "
"FreeBSD 要和其他作業系統共用磁碟空間的話，就要決定 FreeBSD 要安裝在哪個磁碟或"
"是哪個分割區 (Partition)。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:3054
msgid ""
"In the i386 and amd64 architectures, disks can be divided into multiple "
"partitions using one of two partitioning schemes. A traditional "
"<firstterm>Master Boot Record</firstterm> (<acronym>MBR</acronym>) holds a "
"partition table defining up to four <firstterm>primary partitions</"
"firstterm>. For historical reasons, FreeBSD calls these primary partition "
"<firstterm>slices</firstterm>. One of these primary partitions can be made "
"into an <firstterm>extended partition</firstterm> containing multiple "
"<firstterm>logical partitions</firstterm>. The <firstterm>GUID Partition "
"Table</firstterm> (<acronym>GPT</acronym>) is a newer and simpler method of "
"partitioning a disk. Common <acronym>GPT</acronym> implementations allow up "
"to 128 partitions per disk, eliminating the need for logical partitions."
msgstr ""
"在 i386 和 amd64 架構，可將磁碟分割成多個分割區，可以選擇下列兩種分割表格式 "
"(Partitioning scheme) 的其中一種達成。 傳統的<firstterm>主開機紀錄 (Master "
"Boot Record, <acronym>MBR</acronym>)</firstterm> 的一個分割區表定義最多可有四"
"個<firstterm>主分割區</firstterm> (Primary partition)，因一些歷史淵源，"
"FreeBSD 稱這些主分割區為 <firstterm>slice</firstterm>，其中一個主分割區可作為"
"<firstterm>延伸分割區</firstterm> (Extended partition)，延伸分割區又可分割成"
"多個<firstterm>邏輯分割區</firstterm> (Logical partition)。 <firstterm>GUID "
"分割區表</firstterm> (GUID Partition Table, <acronym>GPT</acronym>) 是較新和"
"較簡單的分割磁碟的方法，一般 <acronym>GPT</acronym> 實作允許每個磁碟多達 128 "
"個分割區，不再需要使用邏輯分割區。"

#. (itstool) path: warning/para
#: book.translate.xml:3072
msgid ""
"Some older operating systems, like <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</"
"trademark> XP, are not compatible with the <acronym>GPT</acronym> partition "
"scheme. If FreeBSD will be sharing a disk with such an operating system, "
"<acronym>MBR</acronym> partitioning is required."
msgstr ""
"一些比較舊的作業系統，像是 <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</"
"trademark> XP 並不相容 <acronym>GPT</acronym> 分割表格式。 如果 FreeBSD 將和"
"這類作業系統共用一個磁碟，則需要用 <acronym>MBR</acronym> 分割表格式。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:3079
msgid ""
"The FreeBSD boot loader requires either a primary or <acronym>GPT</acronym> "
"partition. If all of the primary or <acronym>GPT</acronym> partitions are "
"already in use, one must be freed for FreeBSD. To create a partition without "
"deleting existing data, use a partition resizing tool to shrink an existing "
"partition and create a new partition using the freed space."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 開機啟動程式需要主分割區或是 <acronym>GPT</acronym> 分割區。如果所有"
"的主分割區或 <acronym>GPT</acronym> 分割區都已使用，必須釋放其中一個分割區讓 "
"FreeBSD 使用。如果要建立一個分割區而不刪除原有的資料，可以使用磁碟重設大小的"
"工具來縮小現有的分割區，並使用釋放出來的空間建立新分割區。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:3087
msgid ""
"A variety of free and commercial partition resizing tools are listed at "
"<link xlink:href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"List_of_disk_partitioning_software\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"List_of_disk_partitioning_software</link>. <application>GParted Live</"
"application> (<link xlink:href=\"http://gparted.sourceforge.net/livecd.php"
"\">http://gparted.sourceforge.net/livecd.php</link>) is a free live "
"<acronym>CD</acronym> which includes the <application>GParted</application> "
"partition editor. <application>GParted</application> is also included with "
"many other Linux live <acronym>CD</acronym> distributions."
msgstr ""
"各種免費和付費的磁碟重設大小工具列於 <link xlink:href=\"http://en.wikipedia."
"org/wiki/List_of_disk_partitioning_software\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"List_of_disk_partitioning_software</link>。<application>GParted Live</"
"application> (<link xlink:href=\"http://gparted.sourceforge.net/livecd.php"
"\">http://gparted.sourceforge.net/livecd.php</link>) 是內含分割區編輯程式 "
"<application>GParted</application> 的免費 Live <acronym>CD</acronym>。 "
"GParted 同時也被許多 Linux Live <acronym>CD</acronym> 發行版所收錄。"

#. (itstool) path: warning/para
#: book.translate.xml:3097
msgid ""
"When used properly, disk shrinking utilities can safely create space for "
"creating a new partition. Since the possibility of selecting the wrong "
"partition exists, always backup any important data and verify the integrity "
"of the backup before modifying disk partitions."
msgstr ""
"在正確使用的情況下，磁碟重設大小的工具可以安全的建立讓新的分割區使用的空間。 "
"但因仍有可能會誤選已經存在的分割區，所以在修改磁碟分割區前， 一定要備份重要資"
"料，並確認備份的完整性。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:3104
msgid ""
"Disk partitions containing different operating systems make it possible to "
"install multiple operating systems on one computer. An alternative is to use "
"virtualization (<xref linkend=\"virtualization\"/>) which allows multiple "
"operating systems to run at the same time without modifying any disk "
"partitions."
msgstr ""
"在磁碟分割區中儲存不同的作業系統讓一台電腦可以安裝多個作業系統，另一種作法是"
"使用虛擬化技術 (<xref linkend=\"virtualization\"/>) ，可讓多個作業系統同時間"
"執行而不需要改變任何磁碟分割區。"

#. (itstool) path: step/title
#: book.translate.xml:3113
msgid "Collect Network Information"
msgstr "收集網路資訊"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:3115
msgid ""
"Some FreeBSD installation methods require a network connection in order to "
"download the installation files. After any installation, the installer will "
"offer to setup the system's network interfaces."
msgstr ""
"部份 FreeBSD 安裝方式需要網路連線來下載安裝檔，因此之後的安裝程序，安裝程式進"
"入設定系統網路的介面。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:3120
msgid ""
"If the network has a <acronym>DHCP</acronym> server, it can be used to "
"provide automatic network configuration. If <acronym>DHCP</acronym> is not "
"available, the following network information for the system must be obtained "
"from the local network administrator or Internet service provider:"
msgstr ""
"如果網路中有 <acronym>DHCP</acronym> 伺服器，則可透過該伺服器自動設定網路，若"
"無法使用 <acronym>DHCP</acronym>，則需要從區域網路管理者或是網際網路服務供應"
"商 (Internet Service Provider, ISP) 取得以的網路資訊供系統使用："

#. (itstool) path: orderedlist/title
#: book.translate.xml:3128
msgid "Required Network Information"
msgstr "需要的網路資訊"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:3131 book.translate.xml:53692
msgid "<acronym>IP</acronym> address"
msgstr "<acronym>IP</acronym> 位址"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3135
msgid "Subnet mask"
msgstr "子網路遮罩"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3139
msgid "<acronym>IP</acronym> address of default gateway"
msgstr "預設通訊閘 <acronym>IP</acronym> 位址"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3144
msgid "Domain name of the network"
msgstr "網路的網域名稱"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3148
msgid ""
"<acronym>IP</acronym> addresses of the network's <acronym>DNS</acronym> "
"servers"
msgstr "網路 <acronym>DNS</acronym> 伺服器 <acronym>IP</acronym> 位址"

#. (itstool) path: step/title
#: book.translate.xml:3155
msgid "Check for FreeBSD Errata"
msgstr "檢查 FreeBSD 勘誤表"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:3157
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Although the FreeBSD Project strives to ensure that each release of FreeBSD "
"is as stable as possible, bugs occasionally creep into the process. On very "
"rare occasions those bugs affect the installation process. As these problems "
"are discovered and fixed, they are noted in the FreeBSD Errata (<link xlink:"
"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/releases/12.0R/errata.html\">https://www.freebsd."
"org/releases/12.0R/errata.html</link>) on the FreeBSD web site. Check the "
"errata before installing to make sure that there are no problems that might "
"affect the installation."
msgstr ""
"儘管 FreeBSD 計劃努力確保每個 FreeBSD 發行版能夠儘可能地穩定，但錯誤偶爾還是"
"會悄悄出現，並有極小的可能會發生影響安裝流程的錯誤，當這些問題被發現並修正"
"後，會被紀錄在 FreeBSD 網站的 FreeBSD 勘誤表 (<link xlink:href="
"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/releases/11.1R/errata.html\">https://www.freebsd.org/"
"releases/11.1R/errata.html</link>)。 安裝前先檢查勘誤表，以確保沒有會影響到安"
"裝的問題。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:3167
msgid ""
"Information and errata for all the releases can be found on the release "
"information section of the FreeBSD web site (<link xlink:href="
"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/releases/index.html\">https://www.freebsd.org/releases/"
"index.html</link>)."
msgstr ""
"所有發行版的資訊和勘誤表可以在 FreeBSD 網站的發行資訊找到 (<link xlink:href="
"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/releases/index.html\">https://www.freebsd.org/releases/"
"index.html</link>)。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:3174
msgid "Prepare the Installation Media"
msgstr "準備安裝的媒體"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3176
msgid ""
"The FreeBSD installer is not an application that can be run from within "
"another operating system. Instead, download a FreeBSD installation file, "
"burn it to the media associated with its file type and size (<acronym>CD</"
"acronym>, <acronym>DVD</acronym>, or <acronym>USB</acronym>), and boot the "
"system to install from the inserted media."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 安裝程式並不是一個可以在其他作業系統上執行的應用程式，反而您需要下載 "
"FreeBSD 安裝檔，燒錄安裝檔到符合其檔案類型與大小的媒體 (<acronym>CD</"
"acronym>, <acronym>DVD</acronym> 或 <acronym>USB</acronym>)，然後開機從插入的"
"媒體來安裝。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3183
msgid ""
"FreeBSD installation files are available at <link xlink:href="
"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/where.html#download\">www.freebsd.org/where."
"html#download</link>. Each installation file's name includes the release "
"version of FreeBSD, the architecture, and the type of file. For example, to "
"install FreeBSD 10.2 on an amd64 system from a <acronym>DVD</acronym>, "
"download <filename>FreeBSD-10.2-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso</filename>, burn this "
"file to a <acronym>DVD</acronym>, and boot the system with the <acronym>DVD</"
"acronym> inserted."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 的安裝檔可於 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/where.html#download"
"\">www.freebsd.org/where.html#download</link> 取得。安裝檔的名稱由 FreeBSD 發"
"佈版本、架構、以及檔案類型所組成，舉例，要從 <acronym>DVD</acronym> 安裝 "
"FreeBSD 10.2 到 amd64 的系統，需下載 <filename>FreeBSD-10.2-RELEASE-amd64-"
"dvd1.iso</filename>，並燒錄這個檔案到 <acronym>DVD</acronym>，然後使用插入 "
"<acronym>DVD</acronym> 來開機。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3192
msgid ""
"Installation files are available in several formats. The formats vary "
"depending on computer architecture and media type."
msgstr "安裝檔有許多種可用的格式，格式會依據電腦架構及媒體類型的不同而異。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#bsdinstall-installation-media-uefi
#: book.translate.xml:3196
msgid ""
"Additional installation files are included for computers that boot with "
"<acronym>UEFI</acronym> (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface). The names "
"of these files include the string <filename>uefi</filename>."
msgstr ""
"還有另一種安裝檔是給使用 <acronym>UEFI</acronym> (Unified Extensible "
"Firmware Interface) 開機的電腦使用，這些安裝檔的名稱會含有 <filename>uefi</"
"filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3202
msgid "File types:"
msgstr "檔案類型："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3206
msgid ""
"<literal>-bootonly.iso</literal>: This is the smallest installation file as "
"it only contains the installer. A working Internet connection is required "
"during installation as the installer will download the files it needs to "
"complete the FreeBSD installation. This file should be burned to a "
"<acronym>CD</acronym> using a <acronym>CD</acronym> burning application."
msgstr ""
"<literal>-bootonly.iso</literal>：這是最精簡的安裝檔，檔案中只含安裝程式。 安"
"裝時需要網際網路連線來下載所需的檔案以完成 FreeBSD 安裝。這個檔案應使用 "
"<acronym>CD</acronym> 燒錄應用程式燒錄到 <acronym>CD</acronym> 使用。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3216
msgid ""
"<literal>-disc1.iso</literal>: This file contains all of the files needed to "
"install FreeBSD, its source, and the Ports Collection. It should be burned "
"to a <acronym>CD</acronym> using a <acronym>CD</acronym> burning application."
msgstr ""
"<literal>-disc1.iso</literal>：這個檔案含有所有安裝 FreeBSD 所需的檔案，包含"
"原始碼及 Port 套件集。這個檔案應使用 <acronym>CD</acronym> 燒錄應用程式燒錄"
"到 <acronym>CD</acronym> 使用。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3224
msgid ""
"<literal>-dvd1.iso</literal>: This file contains all of the files needed to "
"install FreeBSD, its source, and the Ports Collection. It also contains a "
"set of popular binary packages for installing a window manager and some "
"applications so that a complete system can be installed from media without "
"requiring a connection to the Internet. This file should be burned to a "
"<acronym>DVD</acronym> using a <acronym>DVD</acronym> burning application."
msgstr ""
"<literal>-dvd1.iso</literal>：這個檔案含有所有安裝 FreeBSD 所需的檔案，包含原"
"始碼及 Port 套件集，也內含熱門的 Binary 套件可安裝視窗管理程式以及一些應用程"
"式，如此便可從媒體安裝完整的系統，無須連線到網際網路。這個檔案應使用 "
"<acronym>DVD</acronym> 燒錄應用程式燒錄到 <acronym>DVD</acronym> 使用。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3235
msgid ""
"<literal>-memstick.img</literal>: This file contains all of the files needed "
"to install FreeBSD, its source, and the Ports Collection. It should be "
"burned to a <acronym>USB</acronym> stick using the instructions below."
msgstr ""
"<literal>-memstick.img</literal>：這個檔案含有所有安裝 FreeBSD 所需的檔案，包"
"含原始碼及 Port 套件集。這個檔案應依據以下操作指示寫入到 <acronym>USB</"
"acronym> 隨身碟使用。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3243
msgid ""
"<literal>-mini-memstick.img</literal>: Like <literal>-bootonly.iso</"
"literal>, does not include installation files, but downloads them as needed. "
"A working internet connection is required during installation. Write this "
"file to a <acronym>USB</acronym> stick as shown in <xref linkend="
"\"bsdinstall-usb\"/>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>-mini-memstick.img</literal>：類似 <literal>-bootonly.iso</"
"literal>，但不含安裝檔 (可依所要下載)，安裝時需要網際網路連線，可依 <xref "
"linkend=\"bsdinstall-usb\"/> 的說明將此檔案寫入至 <acronym>USB</acronym> 隨身"
"碟。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3252
msgid ""
"After downloading the image file, download <filename>CHECKSUM.SHA256</"
"filename> from the same directory. Calculate a <firstterm>checksum</"
"firstterm> for the image file. FreeBSD provides "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sha256</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> for this, used as <command>sha256 <replaceable>imagefilename</"
"replaceable></command>. Other operating systems have similar programs."
msgstr ""
"映像檔下載完成之後，下載同一個目錄之中的 <filename>CHECKSUM.SHA256</"
"filename>。FreeBSD 提供 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sha256</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 可用來計算映像檔的 "
"<firstterm>校驗碼 (Checksum)</firstterm>，使用方式為 <command>sha256 "
"<replaceable>imagefilename</replaceable></command>，其他作業系統也會有類似的"
"程式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3260
msgid ""
"Compare the calculated checksum with the one shown in <filename>CHECKSUM."
"SHA256</filename>. The checksums must match exactly. If the checksums do not "
"match, the image file is corrupt and must be downloaded again."
msgstr ""
"比對計算後的校驗碼與 <filename>CHECKSUM.SHA256</filename> 檔案中的值，校驗碼"
"應該要完全相符，若校驗碼不相符，則代表該映像檔是損壞的，必須再下載一次。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:3266
msgid "Writing an Image File to <acronym>USB</acronym>"
msgstr "寫入映象檔到 <acronym>USB</acronym>"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:3268
msgid ""
"The <filename>*.img</filename> file is an <emphasis>image</emphasis> of the "
"complete contents of a memory stick. It <emphasis>cannot</emphasis> be "
"copied to the target device as a file. Several applications are available "
"for writing the <filename>*.img</filename> to a <acronym>USB</acronym> "
"stick. This section describes two of these utilities."
msgstr ""
"<filename>*.img</filename> 檔案是隨身碟的完整內容的<emphasis>映像檔 (image)</"
"emphasis>，該檔案<emphasis>不能</emphasis>直接用檔案的方式複製到目標裝置。有"
"許多應用程式可用來寫入 <filename>*.img</filename> 到 <acronym>USB</acronym> "
"隨身碟，本節會介紹其中兩種。"

#. (itstool) path: important/para
#: book.translate.xml:3277
msgid ""
"Before proceeding, back up any important data on the <acronym>USB</acronym> "
"stick. This procedure will erase the existing data on the stick."
msgstr ""
"在繼續之前，請先備份 <acronym>USB</acronym> 上的重要資料，這個程序會清除在隨"
"身碟上既有的資料。"

#. (itstool) path: procedure/title
#: book.translate.xml:3283
msgid "Using <command>dd</command> to Write the Image"
msgstr "使用 <command>dd</command> 來寫入映像檔"

#. (itstool) path: warning/para
#: book.translate.xml:3287
msgid ""
"This example uses <filename>/dev/da0</filename> as the target device where "
"the image will be written. Be <emphasis>very careful</emphasis> that the "
"correct device is used as this command will destroy the existing data on the "
"specified target device."
msgstr ""
"本範例使用 <filename>/dev/da0</filename> 做為目標裝置，是映像檔將會寫入的位"
"置。 務必<emphasis>十分小心</emphasis>確認要使用的裝置正確，因為這個指示會摧"
"毀所有在指定目標裝置上已存在的資料。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:3295
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> command-line utility is available on BSD, <trademark class="
"\"registered\">Linux</trademark>, and <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">Mac OS</trademark> systems. To burn the image using <command>dd</"
"command>, insert the <acronym>USB</acronym> stick and determine its device "
"name. Then, specify the name of the downloaded installation file and the "
"device name for the <acronym>USB</acronym> stick. This example burns the "
"amd64 installation image to the first <acronym>USB</acronym> device on an "
"existing FreeBSD system."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 指令列工具在 BSD, <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</"
"trademark> 以及<trademark class=\"registered\">Mac OS</trademark> 系統皆可使"
"用。要使用 <command>dd</command> 燒錄映像檔需先插入 <acronym>USB</acronym> 隨"
"身碟，然後確認隨身碟的裝置名稱。然後指定已下載的安裝檔名稱以及 <acronym>USB</"
"acronym> 隨身碟的裝置名稱。本例示範在已有的 FreeBSD 系統燒錄 amd64 安裝映像檔"
"到第一個 <acronym>USB</acronym> 裝置。"

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#: book.translate.xml:3306
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>dd if=<replaceable>FreeBSD-10.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img</replaceable> of=/dev/<replaceable>da0</replaceable> bs=1M conv=sync</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:3308
msgid ""
"If this command fails, verify that the <acronym>USB</acronym> stick is not "
"mounted and that the device name is for the disk, not a partition. Some "
"operating systems might require this command to be run with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. Systems like <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</"
"trademark> might buffer writes. To force all writes to complete, use "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sync</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"若這個指示執行失敗，請確認 <acronym>USB</acronym> 隨身碟是否未掛載，以及該裝"
"置名稱是否為這個隨身碟，而非一個分割區。部份作業系統可能需要使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 來執行這個指令。像 <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</"
"trademark> 這類的系統可能會暫存寫入動作，要強制完成所有寫入動作，可使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sync</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: procedure/title
#: book.translate.xml:3319
msgid ""
"Using <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> to Write the Image"
msgstr "使用 <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> 來寫入映象檔"

#. (itstool) path: warning/para
#: book.translate.xml:3322
msgid ""
"Be sure to give the correct drive letter as the existing data on the "
"specified drive will be overwritten and destroyed."
msgstr ""
"務必確認指定的磁碟機代號正確，因在指定磁碟機上的既有資料將會被覆蓋與摧毀。"

#. (itstool) path: step/title
#: book.translate.xml:3328
msgid ""
"Obtaining <application>Image Writer for <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">Windows</trademark></application>"
msgstr ""
"取得 <application>Image Writer <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</"
"trademark> 版</application>"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:3331
msgid ""
"<application>Image Writer for <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</"
"trademark></application> is a free application that can correctly write an "
"image file to a memory stick. Download it from <uri xlink:href=\"https://"
"sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/\">https://sourceforge.net/projects/"
"win32diskimager/</uri> and extract it into a folder."
msgstr ""
"<application>Image Writer <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</"
"trademark> 版</application> 是一個免費的應用程式，可以正確地將映像檔寫入隨身"
"碟。可從 <uri xlink:href=\"https://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/"
"\">https://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/</uri> 下載，並解壓縮到一"
"個資料夾。"

#. (itstool) path: step/title
#: book.translate.xml:3339
msgid "Writing the Image with Image Writer"
msgstr "用 Image Writer 寫入映象檔"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:3341
msgid ""
"Double-click the <application>Win32DiskImager</application> icon to start "
"the program. Verify that the drive letter shown under "
"<computeroutput>Device</computeroutput> is the drive with the memory stick. "
"Click the folder icon and select the image to be written to the memory "
"stick. Click <guibutton>[ Save ]</guibutton> to accept the image file name. "
"Verify that everything is correct, and that no folders on the memory stick "
"are open in other windows. When everything is ready, click "
"<guibutton>[ Write ]</guibutton> to write the image file to the memory stick."
msgstr ""
"雙擊 <application>Win32DiskImager</application> 圖示啟動程式。 確認 "
"<computeroutput>Device</computeroutput> 顯示的磁碟機代號是隨身碟的磁碟機代"
"號。 按下資料夾圖示選擇要寫入隨身碟的映像檔。 按下 <guibutton>[ Save ]</"
"guibutton> 按鈕確定映像檔名。 確認所有東西都正確，隨身碟的資料夾並沒有在其他"
"視窗開啟。 所有東西準備好後，按下 <guibutton>[ Write ]</guibutton> 將映像檔寫"
"入隨身碟。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:3356
msgid "You are now ready to start installing FreeBSD."
msgstr "您現在可以開始安裝 FreeBSD 。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:3362
msgid "Starting the Installation"
msgstr "開始安裝"

#. (itstool) path: important/para
#: book.translate.xml:3365
msgid ""
"By default, the installation will not make any changes to the disk(s) before "
"the following message:"
msgstr "預設安裝程序在下列訊息顯示之前不會對磁碟做任何更動："

#. (itstool) path: important/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:3368
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Your changes will now be written to disk.  If you\n"
"have chosen to overwrite existing data, it will\n"
"be PERMANENTLY ERASED. Are you sure you want to\n"
"commit your changes?"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: important/para
#: book.translate.xml:3373
msgid ""
"The install can be exited at any time prior to this warning. If there is a "
"concern that something is incorrectly configured, just turn the computer off "
"before this point and no changes will be made to the system's disks."
msgstr ""
"在這個警告訊息之前可以隨時中止安裝，若有任何設定錯誤的疑慮，只需在此時關閉電"
"腦，將不會對系統磁碟做任何更改。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:3380
msgid ""
"This section describes how to boot the system from the installation media "
"which was prepared using the instructions in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-"
"installation-media\"/>. When using a bootable USB stick, plug in the "
"<acronym>USB</acronym> stick before turning on the computer. When booting "
"from <acronym>CD</acronym> or <acronym>DVD</acronym>, turn on the computer "
"and insert the media at the first opportunity. How to configure the system "
"to boot from the inserted media depends upon the architecture."
msgstr ""
"本節將介紹如何使用根據 <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-installation-media\"/> 指示"
"所準備的安裝媒體來開機。要使用可開機的 USB，請在開啟電腦前插入 <acronym>USB</"
"acronym> 隨身碟。要使用 <acronym>CD</acronym> 或 <acronym>DVD</acronym>，則可"
"開啟電腦後在第一時間插入媒體。如何設定系統使用插入的媒體開機依不同的系統架構"
"會有所不同。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:3391
msgid "Booting on <trademark>i386</trademark> and amd64"
msgstr "在 <trademark>i386</trademark> 及 amd64 開機"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3393
msgid ""
"These architectures provide a <acronym>BIOS</acronym> menu for selecting the "
"boot device. Depending upon the installation media being used, select the "
"<acronym>CD</acronym>/<acronym>DVD</acronym> or <acronym>USB</acronym> "
"device as the first boot device. Most systems also provide a key for "
"selecting the boot device during startup without having to enter the "
"<acronym>BIOS</acronym>. Typically, the key is either <keycap>F10</keycap>, "
"<keycap>F11</keycap>, <keycap>F12</keycap>, or <keycap>Escape</keycap>."
msgstr ""
"這兩種架構提供了 <acronym>BIOS</acronym> 選單可選擇開機的裝置，依據要使用的安"
"裝媒體類型，選擇 <acronym>CD</acronym>/<acronym>DVD</acronym> 或 "
"<acronym>USB</acronym> 裝置做為第一個開機裝置。大多數的系統也會提供快速鍵可在"
"啟動時選擇開機裝置，而不需要進入<acronym>BIOS</acronym>，通常這個按鍵可能是 "
"<keycap>F10</keycap>, <keycap>F11</keycap>, <keycap>F12</keycap> 或 "
"<keycap>Escape</keycap> 其中之一。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3404
msgid ""
"If the computer loads the existing operating system instead of the FreeBSD "
"installer, then either:"
msgstr "若電腦仍載入了現有的作業系統，而不是 FreeBSD 安裝程式，原因可能為："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3409
msgid ""
"The installation media was not inserted early enough in the boot process. "
"Leave the media inserted and try restarting the computer."
msgstr ""
"執行開機程序時安裝媒體插入主機的時間不夠早，請讓安裝媒體留在電腦中並重新啟動"
"電腦。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3415
msgid ""
"The <acronym>BIOS</acronym> changes were incorrect or not saved. Double-"
"check that the right boot device is selected as the first boot device."
msgstr ""
"未正確修改 <acronym>BIOS</acronym> 或未儲檔，請再三檢查第一個開機裝置選擇了正"
"確的裝置。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3421
msgid ""
"This system is too old to support booting from the chosen media. In this "
"case, the <application>Plop Boot Manager</application> (<link xlink:href="
"\"http://www.plop.at/en/bootmanagers.html\"/>) can be used to boot the "
"system from the selected media."
msgstr ""
"系統太舊，無法支援使用選擇的開機媒體開機，發生這個情況可以使用 "
"<application>Plop Boot Manager</application> (<link xlink:href=\"http://www."
"plop.at/en/bootmanagers.html\"/>) 來從選擇的開機媒體開機。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:3431
msgid "Booting on <trademark class=\"registered\">PowerPC</trademark>"
msgstr "在 <trademark class=\"registered\">PowerPC</trademark> 開機"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3433
msgid ""
"On most machines, holding <keycap>C</keycap> on the keyboard during boot "
"will boot from the <acronym>CD</acronym>. Otherwise, hold <keycombo action="
"\"simul\"> <keycap>Command</keycap> <keycap>Option</keycap> <keycap>O</"
"keycap> <keycap>F</keycap> </keycombo>, or <keycombo action=\"simul\"> "
"<keycap>Windows</keycap> <keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap>O</keycap> <keycap>F</"
"keycap> </keycombo> on non-<trademark class=\"registered\">Apple</trademark> "
"keyboards. At the <prompt>0 &gt;</prompt> prompt, enter"
msgstr ""
"在大部份機型，可於開機時按住鍵盤上的 <keycap>C</keycap>，便可從 <acronym>CD</"
"acronym> 開機。若在非 <trademark class=\"registered\">Apple</trademark> 的鍵"
"盤則可按住 <keycombo action=\"simul\"> <keycap>Command</keycap> "
"<keycap>Option</keycap> <keycap>O</keycap> <keycap>F</keycap> </keycombo> 或 "
"<keycombo action=\"simul\"> <keycap>Windows</keycap> <keycap>Alt</keycap> "
"<keycap>O</keycap> <keycap>F</keycap> </keycombo>，出現 <prompt>0 &gt;</"
"prompt> 提示時，輸入"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:3449
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>boot cd:,\\ppc\\loader cd:0</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:3453
msgid "Booting on <trademark class=\"registered\">SPARC64</trademark>"
msgstr "在 <trademark class=\"registered\">SPARC64</trademark> 開機"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3455
msgid ""
"Most <trademark class=\"registered\">SPARC64</trademark> systems are set up "
"to boot automatically from disk. To install FreeBSD from a <acronym>CD</"
"acronym> requires a break into the <acronym>PROM</acronym>."
msgstr ""
"大多數 <trademark class=\"registered\">SPARC64</trademark> 系統會自動從磁碟開"
"機，要從 <acronym>CD</acronym> 安裝 FreeBSD 需要進入 <acronym>PROM</"
"acronym>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3459
msgid ""
"To do this, reboot the system and wait until the boot message appears. The "
"message depends on the model, but should look something like this:"
msgstr ""
"要進入 <acronym>PROM</acronym>，需重新開機系統然後等候開機訊息出現。訊息會依"
"機型而有所不同，但大致結果會如："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:3463
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present\n"
"Copyright 1998-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.\n"
"OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132.\n"
"Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3468
msgid ""
"If the system proceeds to boot from disk at this point, press <keycombo "
"action=\"simul\"><keycap>L1</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo> or "
"<keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Stop</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></"
"keycombo> on the keyboard, or send a <command>BREAK</command> over the "
"serial console. When using <application>tip</application> or "
"<application>cu</application>, <command>~#</command> will issue a BREAK. The "
"<acronym>PROM</acronym> prompt will be <prompt>ok</prompt> on systems with "
"one <acronym>CPU</acronym> and <prompt>ok {0} </prompt> on <acronym>SMP</"
"acronym> systems, where the digit indicates the number of the active "
"<acronym>CPU</acronym>."
msgstr ""
"若系統繼續從磁碟開機，此時按下鍵盤上的 <keycombo action=\"simul"
"\"><keycap>L1</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo> 或 <keycombo action="
"\"simul\"><keycap>Stop</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo> 或透過序列 "
"Console 送出 <command>BREAK</command>。當使用 <application>tip</application> "
"或 <application>cu</application>, <command>~#</command> 發出一個 BREAK 後，"
"<acronym>PROM</acronym> 的提示會在單 <acronym>CPU</acronym> 的系統出現 "
"<prompt>ok</prompt>，<acronym>SMP</acronym> 的系統出現 <prompt>ok {0} </"
"prompt>，其中的數字代表啟動的 <acronym>CPU</acronym> 數。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3480
msgid ""
"At this point, place the <acronym>CD</acronym> into the drive and type "
"<command>boot cdrom</command> from the <acronym>PROM</acronym> prompt."
msgstr ""
"此時，放入 <acronym>CD</acronym> 到磁碟機然後在 <acronym>PROM</acronym> 提示"
"畫面輸入 <command>boot cdrom</command>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:3486
msgid "FreeBSD Boot Menu"
msgstr "FreeBSD 開機選單"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3488
msgid ""
"Once the system boots from the installation media, a menu similar to the "
"following will be displayed:"
msgstr "從安裝媒體開機之後，會顯示如下的選單："

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:3492
msgid "FreeBSD Boot Loader Menu"
msgstr "FreeBSD 開機載入程式選單"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:3496
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-newboot-loader-menu' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3501
msgid ""
"By default, the menu will wait ten seconds for user input before booting "
"into the FreeBSD installer or, if FreeBSD is already installed, before "
"booting into FreeBSD. To pause the boot timer in order to review the "
"selections, press <keycap>Space</keycap>. To select an option, press its "
"highlighted number, character, or key. The following options are available."
msgstr ""
"預設在開機進入 FreeBSD 安裝程式前選單會等候使用者輸入 10 秒鐘，若已經安裝 "
"FreeBSD，則會在開機進入 FreeBSD 前等候。要暫停開機計時器來仔細查看選項，請按 "
"<keycap>Space</keycap> 鍵。要選擇選項，按下明顯標示的數字、字元或按鍵。選單有"
"以下選項可選。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3511
msgid ""
"<literal>Boot Multi User</literal>: This will continue the FreeBSD boot "
"process. If the boot timer has been paused, press <keycap>1</keycap>, upper- "
"or lower-case <keycap>B</keycap>, or <keycap>Enter</keycap>."
msgstr ""
"啟動多使用者模式 (<literal>Boot Multi User</literal>)：這個選項會繼續 "
"FreeBSD 開機程序，若開機計時器已經暫停，可按 <keycap>1</keycap>、大寫或小寫 "
"<keycap>B</keycap> 或 <keycap>Enter</keycap> 鍵。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3519
msgid ""
"<literal>Boot Single User</literal>: This mode can be used to fix an "
"existing FreeBSD installation as described in <xref linkend=\"boot-singleuser"
"\"/>. Press <keycap>2</keycap> or the upper- or lower-case <keycap>S</"
"keycap> to enter this mode."
msgstr ""
"啟動單使用者模式 (<literal>Boot Single User</literal>)：這個模式用來修正已安"
"裝的 FreeBSD，如 <xref linkend=\"boot-singleuser\"/> 所述。可按 <keycap>2</"
"keycap>、大寫或小寫 <keycap>S</keycap> 進入這個模式。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3527
msgid ""
"<literal>Escape to loader prompt</literal>: This will boot the system into a "
"repair prompt that contains a limited number of low-level commands. This "
"prompt is described in <xref linkend=\"boot-loader\"/>. Press <keycap>3</"
"keycap> or <keycap>Esc</keycap> to boot into this prompt."
msgstr ""
"離開到載入程式提示 (<literal>Escape to loader prompt</literal>)：這個選項會開"
"機進入修復提示，這個模式含有有限數量的低階指令，這個模式詳細說明於 <xref "
"linkend=\"boot-loader\"/>。可按 <keycap>3</keycap> 或 <keycap>Esc</keycap> 進"
"入這個提示。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3536
msgid "<literal>Reboot</literal>: Reboots the system."
msgstr "重新開機 (<literal>Reboot</literal>)：重新開啟系統。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3540
msgid ""
"<literal>Configure Boot Options</literal>: Opens the menu shown in, and "
"described under, <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-boot-options-menu\"/>."
msgstr ""
"設定開機選項 (<literal>Configure Boot Options</literal>)：開啟內部選單，詳細"
"說明於 <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-boot-options-menu\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:3546
msgid "FreeBSD Boot Options Menu"
msgstr "FreeBSD 開機選項選單"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:3550
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-boot-options-menu' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3555
msgid ""
"The boot options menu is divided into two sections. The first section can be "
"used to either return to the main boot menu or to reset any toggled options "
"back to their defaults."
msgstr ""
"開機選項選單分成兩個部份。第一個部份用來返回主開機選單或重設任何已切換的選項"
"回預設值。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3560
msgid ""
"The next section is used to toggle the available options to <literal>On</"
"literal> or <literal>Off</literal> by pressing the option's highlighted "
"number or character. The system will always boot using the settings for "
"these options until they are modified. Several options can be toggled using "
"this menu:"
msgstr ""
"第二個部份用來切換可用的選項為開 (<literal>On</literal>) 或關 (<literal>Off</"
"literal>)，透過按下選項明顯標示的編號或字元。系統將會一直使用這些選項開機，直"
"到選項被修改。有數個選項可以在這個選單做切換："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3569
msgid ""
"<literal>ACPI Support</literal>: If the system hangs during boot, try "
"toggling this option to <literal>Off</literal>."
msgstr ""
"ACPI 支援 (<literal>ACPI Support</literal>)：若系統在開機時卡住，可嘗試切換這"
"個選項為關 (<literal>Off</literal>)。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3575
msgid ""
"<literal>Safe Mode</literal>: If the system still hangs during boot even "
"with <literal>ACPI Support</literal> set to <literal>Off</literal>, try "
"setting this option to <literal>On</literal>."
msgstr ""
"安全模式 (<literal>Safe Mode</literal>)：若系統在 ACPI 支援 (<literal>ACPI "
"Support</literal>) 設為關 (<literal>Off</literal>) 時開機時仍然會卡住，可嘗試"
"將此選項設為開 (<literal>On</literal>)。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3582
msgid ""
"<literal>Single User</literal>: Toggle this option to <literal>On</literal> "
"to fix an existing FreeBSD installation as described in <xref linkend=\"boot-"
"singleuser\"/>. Once the problem is fixed, set it back to <literal>Off</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""
"單使用者 (<literal>Single User</literal>)：切換這個選項為開 (<literal>On</"
"literal>) 來修正已存在的 FreeBSD 如 <xref linkend=\"boot-singleuser\"/> 所"
"述，問題修正後，將其設回關 (<literal>Off</literal>)。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3590
msgid ""
"<literal>Verbose</literal>: Toggle this option to <literal>On</literal> to "
"see more detailed messages during the boot process. This can be useful when "
"troubleshooting a piece of hardware."
msgstr ""
"詳細資訊 (<literal>Verbose</literal>)：切換這個選項為開 (<literal>On</"
"literal>) 來查看開機程序中更詳細的訊息，這在診斷硬體問題時非常有用。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3597
msgid ""
"After making the needed selections, press <keycap>1</keycap> or "
"<keycap>Backspace</keycap> to return to the main boot menu, then press "
"<keycap>Enter</keycap> to continue booting into FreeBSD. A series of boot "
"messages will appear as FreeBSD carries out its hardware device probes and "
"loads the installation program. Once the boot is complete, the welcome menu "
"shown in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-choose-mode\"/> will be displayed."
msgstr ""
"在做完所需的選擇後，按下 <keycap>1</keycap> 或 <keycap>Backspace</keycap> 返"
"回主開機選單，然後按下 <keycap>Enter</keycap> 繼續開機進入 FreeBSD。FreeBSD "
"執行裝置偵測及載入安裝程式時會顯示一系列的開機訊息，開機完成之後，會顯示歡迎"
"選單如 <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-choose-mode\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:3606
msgid "Welcome Menu"
msgstr "歡迎選單"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:3610
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-choose-mode' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3615
msgid ""
"Press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to select the default of "
"<guibutton>[ Install ]</guibutton> to enter the installer. The rest of this "
"chapter describes how to use this installer. Otherwise, use the right or "
"left arrows or the colorized letter to select the desired menu item. The "
"<guibutton>[ Shell ]</guibutton> can be used to access a FreeBSD shell in "
"order to use command line utilities to prepare the disks before "
"installation. The <guibutton>[ Live CD ]</guibutton> option can be used to "
"try out FreeBSD before installing it. The live version is described in <xref "
"linkend=\"using-live-cd\"/>."
msgstr ""
"按下 <keycap>Enter</keycap> 選擇預設的 <guibutton>[ Install ]</guibutton> 進"
"入安裝程式，接下來本章將介紹如何使用這個安裝程式。 若要選擇其他項目，可使用右"
"或左方向鍵或顏色標示的字母選擇想要的選單項目。<guibutton>[ Shell ]</"
"guibutton> 可用來進入 FreeBSD 的 Shell 使用指令列工具在安裝之前準備磁碟。"
"<guibutton>[ Live CD ]</guibutton> 選項可用來在安裝之前試用 FreeBSD，Live 版"
"本的詳細說明於 <xref linkend=\"using-live-cd\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: tip/para
#: book.translate.xml:3628
msgid ""
"To review the boot messages, including the hardware device probe, press the "
"upper- or lower-case <keycap>S</keycap> and then <keycap>Enter</keycap> to "
"access a shell. At the shell prompt, type <command>more /var/run/dmesg.boot</"
"command> and use the space bar to scroll through the messages. When "
"finished, type <command>exit</command> to return to the welcome menu."
msgstr ""
"要重新檢視開機訊息，包含硬體裝置偵測，請按大寫或小寫 <keycap>S</keycap> 然後"
"再按 <keycap>Enter</keycap> 進入 Shell。在 Shell 提示之後輸入 <command>more /"
"var/run/dmesg.boot</command> 然後使用空白鍵來捲動訊息。當查看完畢後輸入 "
"<command>exit</command> 返回歡迎選單。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:3641
msgid "Using <application>bsdinstall</application>"
msgstr "使用 <application>bsdinstall</application>"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:3643
msgid ""
"This section shows the order of the <application>bsdinstall</application> "
"menus and the type of information that will be asked before the system is "
"installed. Use the arrow keys to highlight a menu option, then "
"<keycap>Space</keycap> to select or deselect that menu item. When finished, "
"press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to save the selection and move onto the next "
"screen."
msgstr ""
"本節將告訴您在系統安裝之前 <application>bsdinstall</application> 選單的順序以"
"及會詢問的資訊類型，可使用方向鍵來選擇選單的選項，然後按下 <keycap>Space</"
"keycap> 選擇或取消選擇選單項目。當完成之後，按下 <keycap>Enter</keycap> 儲存"
"選項然後進入下一個畫面。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:3652
msgid "Selecting the Keymap Menu"
msgstr "選擇鍵盤對應表選單"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3654
msgid ""
"Depending on the system console being used, <application>bsdinstall</"
"application> may initially display the menu shown in <xref linkend="
"\"bsdinstall-keymap-select-default\"/>."
msgstr ""
"依據使用的系統 Console，<application>bsdinstall</application> 可能一開始顯示"
"的選單會如 <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-keymap-select-default\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:3659
msgid "Keymap Selection"
msgstr "鍵盤對應表選擇"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:3663
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-keymap-select-default' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3668
msgid ""
"To configure the keyboard layout, press <keycap>Enter</keycap> with "
"<guibutton>[ YES ]</guibutton> selected, which will display the menu shown "
"in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-config-keymap\"/>. To instead use the default "
"layout, use the arrow key to select <guibutton>[ NO ]</guibutton> and press "
"<keycap>Enter</keycap> to skip this menu screen."
msgstr ""
"要設定鍵盤配置，請選擇 <guibutton>[ YES ]</guibutton> 按下 <keycap>Enter</"
"keycap>，接著會顯示選單如 <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-config-keymap\"/>。若要"
"使用預設的配置，則可使用方向鍵選擇 <guibutton>[ NO ]</guibutton> 然後按下 "
"<keycap>Enter</keycap> 跳過這個選單畫面。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:3677
msgid "Selecting Keyboard Menu"
msgstr "選擇鍵盤選單"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:3681
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-keymap' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3686
msgid ""
"When configuring the keyboard layout, use the up and down arrows to select "
"the keymap that most closely represents the mapping of the keyboard attached "
"to the system. Press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to save the selection."
msgstr ""
"設定鍵盤配置時，可使用上與下方向鍵來選擇最接近已連接到系統的鍵盤的鍵盤對應表 "
"(Keymap)，然後按下 <keycap>Enter</keycap> 儲存選項。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:3692
msgid ""
"Pressing <keycap>Esc</keycap> will exit this menu and use the default "
"keymap. If the choice of keymap is not clear, <guimenuitem>United States of "
"America ISO-8859-1</guimenuitem> is also a safe option."
msgstr ""
"按 <keycap>Esc</keycap> 會離開這個選單然後使用預設的鍵盤對應表，若不清楚要使"
"用那種鍵盤對應表，<guimenuitem>United States of America ISO-8859-1</"
"guimenuitem> 是也是保險的選項。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3698
msgid ""
"In FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE and later, this menu has been enhanced. The full "
"selection of keymaps is shown, with the default preselected. In addition, "
"when selecting a different keymap, a dialog is displayed that allows the "
"user to try the keymap and ensure it is correct before proceeding."
msgstr ""
"在 FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE 以及之後的版本，已經加強了這個選單，會顯示完整的鍵盤"
"對應表選項，並預先選擇預設值。另外，當選擇其他鍵盤對應用時，在繼續之前會顯示"
"對話框讓使用者測試鍵盤對應表來確認。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:3705
msgid "Enhanced Keymap Menu"
msgstr "改進後的鍵盤對應表選單"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:3709
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-keymap-10' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:3717 book.translate.xml:3724
msgid "Setting the Hostname"
msgstr "設定主機名稱"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3719
msgid ""
"The next <application>bsdinstall</application> menu is used to set the "
"hostname for the newly installed system."
msgstr ""
"下一個 <application>bsdinstall</application> 選單用來為新安裝的系統設定主機名"
"稱。"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:3728
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-hostname' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3733
msgid ""
"Type in a hostname that is unique for the network. It should be a fully-"
"qualified hostname, such as <systemitem class=\"fqdomainname\">machine3."
"example.com</systemitem>."
msgstr ""
"輸入在網路上獨一無二的主機名稱，主機名稱要是完整的主機名稱，如 <systemitem "
"class=\"fqdomainname\">machine3.example.com</systemitem>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:3738 book.translate.xml:3744
msgid "Selecting Components to Install"
msgstr "選擇要安裝的元件"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3740
msgid ""
"Next, <application>bsdinstall</application> will prompt to select optional "
"components to install."
msgstr ""
"接下來 <application>bsdinstall</application> 會提示選擇要安裝的選用元件。"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:3748
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-components' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3753
msgid ""
"Deciding which components to install will depend largely on the intended use "
"of the system and the amount of disk space available. The FreeBSD kernel and "
"userland, collectively known as the <firstterm>base system</firstterm>, are "
"always installed. Depending on the architecture, some of these components "
"may not appear:"
msgstr ""
"決定要安裝的元件主要會根據系統的用途以及可用的磁碟空間容量。FreeBSD 核心 "
"(Kernel) 及 Userland 統稱為 <firstterm>基礎系統 (Base system)</firstterm>，是"
"必須安裝的部份。依據系統的架構，部份元件可能不會顯示："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3762
msgid ""
"<literal>doc</literal> - Additional documentation, mostly of historical "
"interest, to install into <filename>/usr/share/doc</filename>. The "
"documentation provided by the FreeBSD Documentation Project may be installed "
"later using the instructions in <xref linkend=\"updating-upgrading-"
"documentation\"/>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>doc</literal> - 額外的說明文件，大部份是經年累月的產物，會安裝到 "
"<filename>/usr/share/doc</filename>。由 FreeBSD 文件計劃所提供的說明文件可在"
"之後安裝，依照 <xref linkend=\"updating-upgrading-documentation\"/> 中的指示"
"操作。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3770
msgid ""
"<literal>games</literal> - Several traditional <acronym>BSD</acronym> games, "
"including <application>fortune</application>, <application>rot13</"
"application>, and others."
msgstr ""
"<literal>games</literal> - 數個傳統 <acronym>BSD</acronym> 遊戲，包含 "
"<application>fortune</application>, <application>rot13</application> 以及其"
"他。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3777
msgid ""
"<literal>lib32</literal> - Compatibility libraries for running 32-bit "
"applications on a 64-bit version of FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"<literal>lib32</literal> - 在 64-bit 版本的 FreeBSD 供執行 32-bit 應用程式使"
"用的相容性程式庫。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3783
msgid ""
"<literal>ports</literal> - The FreeBSD Ports Collection is a collection of "
"files which automates the downloading, compiling and installation of third-"
"party software packages. <xref linkend=\"ports\"/> discusses how to use the "
"Ports Collection."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ports</literal> - FreeBSD Port 套件集是一套可自動下載、編譯安裝第三"
"方軟體套件的集合，<xref linkend=\"ports\"/> 中會討論到如何使用 Port 套件集。"

#. (itstool) path: warning/para
#: book.translate.xml:3790
msgid ""
"The installation program does not check for adequate disk space. Select this "
"option only if sufficient hard disk space is available. The FreeBSD Ports "
"Collection takes up about 500 MB of disk space."
msgstr ""
"安裝程式並不會檢查是否有充足的磁碟空間，FreeBSD Port 套件集會使用約 500 MB 的"
"磁碟空間，只有在有足夠的磁碟空間時才選擇這個選項。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:3799
msgid ""
"<literal>src</literal> - The complete FreeBSD source code for both the "
"kernel and the userland. Although not required for the majority of "
"applications, it may be required to build device drivers, kernel modules, or "
"some applications from the Ports Collection. It is also used for developing "
"FreeBSD itself. The full source tree requires 1 GB of disk space and "
"recompiling the entire FreeBSD system requires an additional 5 GB of space."
msgstr ""
"<literal>src</literal> - 完整的 FreeBSD 原始碼，包含核心 (Kernel) 與 "
"Userland。雖然大多數的應用程式並不需要，但它可以編譯裝置驅動程式、核心模組或"
"部份來自 Port 套件集的應用程式，它同時也用來做為開發 FreeBSD 本身所使用。完整"
"的原始碼樹需要 1 GB 的磁碟空間，重新編譯整個 FreeBSD 系統需要額外再 5 GB 的空"
"間。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:3812 book.translate.xml:3823
msgid "Installing from the Network"
msgstr "從網路安裝"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3814
msgid ""
"The menu shown in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-netinstall-notify\"/> only "
"appears when installing from a <filename>-bootonly.iso</filename> "
"<acronym>CD</acronym> as this installation media does not hold copies of the "
"installation files. Since the installation files must be retrieved over a "
"network connection, this menu indicates that the network interface must be "
"first configured."
msgstr ""
"於 <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-netinstall-notify\"/> 所示的選單只會在使用 "
"<filename>-bootonly.iso</filename> <acronym>CD</acronym> 安裝時顯示，因這個安"
"裝媒體中並未含安裝檔的複本。由於安裝檔必須透過網路下載，此選單會告知要先設定"
"網路介面。"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:3827
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-netinstall-files' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3832
msgid ""
"To configure the network connection, press <keycap>Enter</keycap> and follow "
"the instructions in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-config-network-dev\"/>. Once "
"the interface is configured, select a mirror site that is located in the "
"same region of the world as the computer on which FreeBSD is being "
"installed. Files can be retrieved more quickly when the mirror is close to "
"the target computer, reducing installation time."
msgstr ""
"要設定網路連線，按下 <keycap>Enter</keycap> 然後依照 <xref linkend="
"\"bsdinstall-config-network-dev\"/> 中的指示操作，完成網路介面的設定之後，選"
"擇與要安裝 FreeBSD 的電腦相同所在地區的鏡像站，當鏡像站越接近目標電腦，檔案下"
"載的速度會比較快，這會減少安裝的時間。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:3841
msgid "Choosing a Mirror"
msgstr "選擇鏡像站"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:3845
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-netinstall-mirrorselect' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3850
msgid ""
"Installation will then continue as if the installation files were located on "
"the local installation media."
msgstr "若在本機的安裝媒體中找到安裝檔案，安裝程序便會繼續。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:3856
msgid "Allocating Disk Space"
msgstr "配置磁碟空間"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:3858
msgid ""
"The next menu is used to determine the method for allocating disk space. The "
"options available in the menu depend upon the version of FreeBSD being "
"installed."
msgstr ""
"接下來的選單用來決定配置磁碟空間的方式，選單中可用的選項會依安裝的 FreeBSD 版"
"本而有所不同。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:3863
msgid "Partitioning Choices on FreeBSD 9.x"
msgstr "FreeBSD 9.x 的磁碟分割選項"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:3867
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-guided-manual' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:3873
msgid "Partitioning Choices on FreeBSD 10.x and Higher"
msgstr "FreeBSD 10.x 或更新版本的磁碟分割選項"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:3877
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-partmenu' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:3882
msgid ""
"<literal>Guided</literal> partitioning automatically sets up the disk "
"partitions, <literal>Manual</literal> partitioning allows advanced users to "
"create customized partitions from menu options, and <literal>Shell</literal> "
"opens a shell prompt where advanced users can create customized partitions "
"using command-line utilities like <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bsdlabel</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. <literal>ZFS</"
"literal> partitioning, only available in FreeBSD 10 and later, creates an "
"optionally encrypted root-on-ZFS system with support for <firstterm>boot "
"environments</firstterm>."
msgstr ""
"引導式 (<literal>Guided</literal>) 磁碟分割會自動設定磁碟的分割區 "
"(Partition)，手動 (<literal>Manual</literal>) 磁碟分割可讓進階的使用者使用選"
"單項目建立自訂的分割區，而 <literal>Shell</literal> 會開啟 Shell 提示讓進階的"
"使用者可以使用指示列工具如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 以及 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bsdlabel</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來建立自訂的分割區。"
"<literal>ZFS</literal> 磁碟分割只在 FreeBSD 10 及之後的版本可以使用，可建立選"
"擇性加密的 root-on-ZFS 系統並支援 <firstterm>開機環境 (Boot environment)</"
"firstterm>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:3893
msgid ""
"This section describes what to consider when laying out the disk partitions. "
"It then demonstrates how to use the different partitioning methods."
msgstr ""
"本節會介紹在配置磁碟分割時需要考量那些事情，並且會示範各種磁碟分割的方式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:3898
msgid "Designing the Partition Layout"
msgstr "規劃分割區配置"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:3900
msgid "<primary>partition layout</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>分割區配置</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:3901
msgid "<primary><filename>/etc</filename></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:3904
msgid "<primary><filename>/var</filename></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:3907
msgid "<primary><filename>/usr</filename></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3911
msgid ""
"When laying out file systems, remember that hard drives transfer data faster "
"from the outer tracks to the inner. Thus, smaller and heavier-accessed file "
"systems should be closer to the outside of the drive, while larger "
"partitions like <filename>/usr</filename> should be placed toward the inner "
"parts of the disk. It is a good idea to create partitions in an order "
"similar to: <filename>/</filename>, swap, <filename>/var</filename>, and "
"<filename>/usr</filename>."
msgstr ""
"配置檔案系統時要記得硬碟的資料傳輸的速度外軌較內軌快，因此較小且大量存取的檔"
"案系統應要較接近磁碟的外軌，而較大的分割區如 <filename>/usr</filename> 應放置"
"在磁碟較內部，建議建立分割區的順序如下：<filename>/</filename>, swap, "
"<filename>/var</filename> 然後 <filename>/usr</filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3921
msgid ""
"The size of the <filename>/var</filename> partition reflects the intended "
"machine's usage. This partition is used to hold mailboxes, log files, and "
"printer spools. Mailboxes and log files can grow to unexpected sizes "
"depending on the number of users and how long log files are kept. On "
"average, most users rarely need more than about a gigabyte of free disk "
"space in <filename>/var</filename>."
msgstr ""
"機器預期的用途會反映到 <filename>/var</filename> 分割區的大小，這個分割區用來"
"保存郵件 (Mailbox)、日誌檔 (Log file) 及印表機緩衝 (Spool)。依使用者數及保存"
"的期間，郵件及日誌檔可能成長到無法預期的大小，一般來說大部份的使用很少會在 "
"<filename>/var</filename> 需要超過 1 GB 的可用磁碟空間。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:3931
msgid ""
"Sometimes, a lot of disk space is required in <filename>/var/tmp</filename>. "
"When new software is installed, the packaging tools extract a temporary copy "
"of the packages under <filename>/var/tmp</filename>. Large software "
"packages, like <application>Firefox</application>, <application>Apache "
"OpenOffice</application> or <application>LibreOffice</application> may be "
"tricky to install if there is not enough disk space under <filename>/var/"
"tmp</filename>."
msgstr ""
"有時在 <filename>/var/tmp</filename> 會需要較多的空間，當新軟體安裝，套件工具"
"會從套件中取出暫存的複本置於 <filename>/var/tmp</filename>。若在 <filename>/"
"var/tmp</filename> 沒有足夠的空間，要安裝大型軟體套件，例如 "
"<application>Firefox</application>, <application>Apache OpenOffice</"
"application> 或 <application>LibreOffice</application> 會很困難。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3942
msgid ""
"The <filename>/usr</filename> partition holds many of the files which "
"support the system, including the FreeBSD Ports Collection and system source "
"code. At least 2 gigabytes of space is recommended for this partition."
msgstr ""
"<filename>/usr</filename> 分割區保存了許多支持系統運作的檔案，包含 FreeBSD "
"Port 套件集以及系統原始碼，這個分割區建議至少要有 2 GB 的空間。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3947
msgid ""
"When selecting partition sizes, keep the space requirements in mind. Running "
"out of space in one partition while barely using another can be a hassle."
msgstr ""
"在規劃分割區大小時，請牢記空間需求，當因某個分割區空間不足時要改使用其他分割"
"區時會很麻煩。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:3951
msgid "<primary>swap sizing</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:3954
msgid "<primary>swap partition</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3958
msgid ""
"As a rule of thumb, the swap partition should be about double the size of "
"physical memory (<acronym>RAM</acronym>). Systems with minimal <acronym>RAM</"
"acronym> may perform better with more swap. Configuring too little swap can "
"lead to inefficiencies in the <acronym>VM</acronym> page scanning code and "
"might create issues later if more memory is added."
msgstr ""
"根據經驗，交換分割區應為是實體記憶體 (<acronym>RAM</acronym>) 的兩倍。使用最"
"低需求的 <acronym>RAM</acronym> 來運作的系統會需要更多的交換空間來取得更好的"
"表現。配置太小的交換交間可能導致 <acronym>VM</acronym> 分頁掃描碼效率不佳，且"
"往後增加更多記憶體時可能會產生問題。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3966
msgid ""
"On larger systems with multiple <acronym>SCSI</acronym> disks or multiple "
"<acronym>IDE</acronym> disks operating on different controllers, it is "
"recommended that swap be configured on each drive, up to four drives. The "
"swap partitions should be approximately the same size. The kernel can handle "
"arbitrary sizes but internal data structures scale to 4 times the largest "
"swap partition. Keeping the swap partitions near the same size will allow "
"the kernel to optimally stripe swap space across disks. Large swap sizes are "
"fine, even if swap is not used much. It might be easier to recover from a "
"runaway program before being forced to reboot."
msgstr ""
"在有數個 <acronym>SCSI</acronym> 磁碟或數個 <acronym>IDE</acronym> 磁碟在不同"
"控制器的大型系統建議在每個磁碟機上都設定交換空間，最多可至四個磁碟機。每個交"
"換分割區的大小應接近相同。核心雖可以處以任意大小的交換空間，但內部資料結構擴"
"充到 4 倍的最大交換分割區大小時，讓交換分割區擁有相同的大小可以讓核心可以最佳"
"的方式串連各個磁碟的交換空間。規劃較大交換空間是可以的，即使沒有使用到多少交"
"換空間，這也會讓要從失控的程式恢復運作更容易，而不需強制重新啟動系統。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3979
msgid ""
"By properly partitioning a system, fragmentation introduced in the smaller "
"write heavy partitions will not bleed over into the mostly read partitions. "
"Keeping the write loaded partitions closer to the disk's edge will increase "
"<acronym>I/O</acronym> performance in the partitions where it occurs the "
"most. While <acronym>I/O</acronym> performance in the larger partitions may "
"be needed, shifting them more toward the edge of the disk will not lead to a "
"significant performance improvement over moving <filename>/var</filename> to "
"the edge."
msgstr ""
"正確的做磁碟分割，可以區隔頻繁寫入所產生的資料碎片與經常讀取的分割區，將寫入"
"頻繁的分割區放在磁碟的邊緣可以增加 <acronym>I/O</acronym> 效率。雖然較大的分"
"割區可能也需要增加 <acronym>I/O</acronym> 效率，但將這些分割區往磁碟邊緣移動"
"所增加的效率並不會比將 <filename>/var</filename> 移到磁碟邊緣所增加的效率來的"
"顯著。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:3992
msgid "Guided Partitioning"
msgstr "引導式磁碟分割"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:3994
msgid ""
"When this method is selected, a menu will display the available disk(s). If "
"multiple disks are connected, choose the one where FreeBSD is to be "
"installed."
msgstr ""
"當選擇這個方法，選單上會顯示可用的磁碟，若電腦有安裝多個磁碟，則需選擇其中一"
"個來安裝 FreeBSD。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:3999
msgid "Selecting from Multiple Disks"
msgstr "自多個磁碟選擇"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4003
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-guided-disk' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4008
msgid ""
"Once the disk is selected, the next menu prompts to install to either the "
"entire disk or to create a partition using free space. If "
"<guibutton>[ Entire Disk ]</guibutton> is chosen, a general partition layout "
"filling the whole disk is automatically created. Selecting "
"<guibutton>[ Partition ]</guibutton> creates a partition layout from the "
"unused space on the disk."
msgstr ""
"選擇磁碟之後，接下來選單會提示是否要安裝到整個磁碟或是使用剩餘的空間建立新的"
"分割區。若選擇 <guibutton>[ Entire Disk ]</guibutton>，會自動建立通用的分割區"
"配置來填滿整個磁碟。選擇 <guibutton>[ Partition ]</guibutton> 則會使用磁碟上"
"未使用的空間來建立分割區配置。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4018
msgid "Selecting Entire Disk or Partition"
msgstr "選擇完整磁碟或分割區"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4022
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-entire-part' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4027
msgid ""
"After the partition layout has been created, review it to ensure it meets "
"the needs of the installation. Selecting <guibutton>[ Revert ]</guibutton> "
"will reset the partitions to their original values and pressing "
"<guibutton>[ Auto ]</guibutton> will recreate the automatic FreeBSD "
"partitions. Partitions can also be manually created, modified, or deleted. "
"When the partitioning is correct, select <guibutton>[ Finish ]</guibutton> "
"to continue with the installation."
msgstr ""
"分割區配置建立完成之後，再檢查一次確定是否符合安裝的需求。選擇 "
"<guibutton>[ Revert ]</guibutton> 會重設分割區回復為原來的設定值，選擇 "
"<guibutton>[ Auto ]</guibutton> 會重新建立自動配置的 FreeBSD 分割區。分割區也"
"可以手動建立、修改或刪除。當確認磁碟分割正確之後，選擇 "
"<guibutton>[ Finish ]</guibutton> 繼續安裝。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4038
msgid "Review Created Partitions"
msgstr "確認已建立的分割區"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4042
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-review' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:4049
msgid "Manual Partitioning"
msgstr "手動磁碟分割"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4051
msgid "Selecting this method opens the partition editor:"
msgstr "選擇這個方法會開啟分割區編輯程式："

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4054 book.translate.xml:4069 book.translate.xml:4140
msgid "Manually Create Partitions"
msgstr "手動建立分割區"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4058
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-manual-create' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4063
msgid ""
"Highlight the installation drive (<filename>ada0</filename> in this example) "
"and select <guibutton>[ Create ]</guibutton> to display a menu of available "
"partition schemes:"
msgstr ""
"選擇要安裝的磁碟機 (在這個例子為 <filename>ada0</filename>) 然後選擇 "
"<guibutton>[ Create ]</guibutton> 會以選單顯示可用的分割表格式 (Partition "
"scheme)："

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4073
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-manual-partscheme' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4078
msgid ""
"<acronym>GPT</acronym> is usually the most appropriate choice for amd64 "
"computers. Older computers that are not compatible with <acronym>GPT</"
"acronym> should use <acronym>MBR</acronym>. The other partition schemes are "
"generally used for uncommon or older computers."
msgstr ""
"amd64 電腦最適合的選擇通常是 <acronym>GPT</acronym>，無法相容 <acronym>GPT</"
"acronym> 的舊電腦則應使用 <acronym>MBR</acronym>。而其他分割表格式一般會用在"
"那些較罕見或較舊的電腦上。"

#. (itstool) path: table/title
#: book.translate.xml:4085
msgid "Partitioning Schemes"
msgstr "磁碟分割表格式"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4090
msgid "Abbreviation"
msgstr "縮寫"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4091 book.translate.xml:7049 book.translate.xml:8387
#: book.translate.xml:11851 book.translate.xml:22934 book.translate.xml:23113
#: book.translate.xml:27223 book.translate.xml:31203 book.translate.xml:43349
#: book.translate.xml:45522 book.translate.xml:53034 book.translate.xml:53541
#: book.translate.xml:54300 book.translate.xml:54341 book.translate.xml:65140
msgid "Description"
msgstr "說明"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm
#. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym
#: book.translate.xml:4097 book.translate.xml:65535
msgid "APM"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4098
msgid ""
"Apple Partition Map, used by <trademark class=\"registered\">PowerPC</"
"trademark>."
msgstr ""
"Apple Partition Map，用於 <trademark class=\"registered\">PowerPC</"
"trademark>。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm
#. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym
#: book.translate.xml:4102 book.translate.xml:65535
msgid "BSD"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4103
msgid ""
"<acronym>BSD</acronym> label without an <acronym>MBR</acronym>, sometimes "
"called <firstterm>dangerously dedicated mode</firstterm> as non-"
"<acronym>BSD</acronym> disk utilities may not recognize it."
msgstr ""
"無 <acronym>MBR</acronym> 的 <acronym>BSD</acronym> 標籤，因非 <acronym>BSD</"
"acronym> 的磁碟工具可能無法辨識該標籤，有時被稱做 <firstterm>危險專用模式 "
"(Dangerously dedicated mode)</firstterm>。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4111
msgid "GPT"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4112
msgid ""
"GUID Partition Table (<link xlink:href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"GUID_Partition_Table\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table</"
"link>)."
msgstr ""
"GUID 分割區表 (<link xlink:href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"GUID_Partition_Table\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table</"
"link>)。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4116
msgid "MBR"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4117
msgid ""
"Master Boot Record (<link xlink:href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"Master_boot_record\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record</link>)."
msgstr ""
"主開機記錄 (<link xlink:href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"Master_boot_record\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record</"
"link>)。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4121
msgid "PC98"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4122
msgid ""
"<acronym>MBR</acronym> variant used by NEC PC-98 computers (<link xlink:href="
"\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pc9801\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pc9801</"
"link>)."
msgstr ""
"使用 <acronym>MBR</acronym> 改編，用於 NEC PC-98 電腦 (<link xlink:href="
"\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pc9801\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pc9801</"
"link>)。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4127
msgid "VTOC8"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4128
msgid "Volume Table Of Contents used by Sun SPARC64 and UltraSPARC computers."
msgstr "Volume Table Of Contents，用於 Sun SPARC64 及 UltraSPARC  電腦。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4135
msgid ""
"After the partitioning scheme has been selected and created, select "
"<guibutton>[ Create ]</guibutton> again to create the partitions."
msgstr ""
"選擇完分割區表格式並建立之後，再選擇 <guibutton>[ Create ]</guibutton> 一次來"
"建立分割區。"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4144
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-manual-addpart' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4149
msgid ""
"A standard FreeBSD <acronym>GPT</acronym> installation uses at least three "
"partitions:"
msgstr "標準的 FreeBSD <acronym>GPT</acronym> 安裝會使用至少三種分割區："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:4154
msgid "<literal>freebsd-boot</literal> - Holds the FreeBSD boot code."
msgstr "<literal>freebsd-boot</literal> - 儲存 FreeBSD 開機程式 (Boot code)。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:4159
msgid ""
"<literal>freebsd-ufs</literal> - A FreeBSD <acronym>UFS</acronym> file "
"system."
msgstr ""
"<literal>freebsd-ufs</literal> - FreeBSD 的 <acronym>UFS</acronym> 檔案系統。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:4164
msgid "<literal>freebsd-swap</literal> - FreeBSD swap space."
msgstr "<literal>freebsd-swap</literal> - FreeBSD 交換空間。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4169
msgid ""
"Another partition type worth noting is <literal>freebsd-zfs</literal>, used "
"for partitions that will contain a FreeBSD <acronym>ZFS</acronym> file "
"system (<xref linkend=\"zfs\"/>). Refer to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> for descriptions of the available <acronym>GPT</acronym> "
"partition types."
msgstr ""
"另一個值得注意的分割區類型是 <literal>freebsd-zfs</literal>，這個分割區用來放"
"置 FreeBSD <acronym>ZFS</acronym> 檔案系統 (<xref linkend=\"zfs\"/>)。請參考 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 取得可用的 <acronym>GPT</acronym> 分割區類型說明。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4175
msgid ""
"Multiple file system partitions can be created and some people prefer a "
"traditional layout with separate partitions for <filename>/</filename>, "
"<filename>/var</filename>, <filename>/tmp</filename>, and <filename>/usr</"
"filename>. See <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-part-manual-splitfs\"/> for an "
"example."
msgstr ""
"檔案系統分割區可建立多個，且有部份人會偏好使用傳統的配置方式將 <filename>/</"
"filename>, <filename>/var</filename>, <filename>/tmp</filename> 以及 "
"<filename>/usr</filename> 分開存放在不同的分割區。請參考 <xref linkend="
"\"bsdinstall-part-manual-splitfs\"/> 的範例。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4182
msgid ""
"The <literal>Size</literal> may be entered with common abbreviations: "
"<emphasis>K</emphasis> for kilobytes, <emphasis>M</emphasis> for megabytes, "
"or <emphasis>G</emphasis> for gigabytes."
msgstr ""
"大小 (<literal>Size</literal>) 欄位可以使用常用的縮寫來輸入：<emphasis>K</"
"emphasis> 代表 KB, <emphasis>M</emphasis> 代表 MB, <emphasis>G</emphasis> 代"
"表 GB。"

#. (itstool) path: tip/para
#: book.translate.xml:4188
msgid ""
"Proper sector alignment provides the best performance, and making partition "
"sizes even multiples of 4K bytes helps to ensure alignment on drives with "
"either 512-byte or 4K-byte sectors. Generally, using partition sizes that "
"are even multiples of 1M or 1G is the easiest way to make sure every "
"partition starts at an even multiple of 4K. There is one exception: the "
"<emphasis>freebsd-boot</emphasis> partition should be no larger than 512K "
"due to current boot code limitations."
msgstr ""
"適當的對齊磁碟扇區 (Sector) 會提供最佳的效能，而且讓分割區大小為 4 KB 的偶數"
"倍數可協助確保對齊在磁碟機上的 512-byte 或 4K-byte 扇區。一般來說，使用分割區"
"大小為 1M 或 1G 的偶數倍數是最簡單的方式確保每個分割區以 4K 的偶數倍數做為開"
"始。唯一一個例外是：<emphasis>freebsd-boot</emphasis> 分割區因目前開機程式 "
"(Boot code) 的限制，不可大於 512K。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4199
msgid ""
"A <literal>Mountpoint</literal> is needed if the partition will contain a "
"file system. If only a single <acronym>UFS</acronym> partition will be "
"created, the mountpoint should be <filename>/</filename>."
msgstr ""
"若分割區內含檔案系統便會需要一個掛載點 (<literal>Mountpoint</literal>)，若只"
"要建立一個 <acronym>UFS</acronym> 分割區，那麼掛載點應設為 <filename>/</"
"filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4204
msgid ""
"The <literal>Label</literal> is a name by which the partition will be known. "
"Drive names or numbers can change if the drive is connected to a different "
"controller or port, but the partition label does not change. Referring to "
"labels instead of drive names and partition numbers in files like <filename>/"
"etc/fstab</filename> makes the system more tolerant to hardware changes. "
"<acronym>GPT</acronym> labels appear in <filename>/dev/gpt/</filename> when "
"a disk is attached. Other partitioning schemes have different label "
"capabilities and their labels appear in different directories in <filename>/"
"dev/</filename>."
msgstr ""
"標籤 (<literal>Label</literal>) 是分割區的名稱，磁碟機名稱或編號可能因為磁碟"
"機連接到不同的控制器或連結埠而有所不同，但分割區標籤並不會改變。因此在檔案如 "
"<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> 中參照時，使用標籤來替代磁碟機名稱與分割區編"
"號會讓系統對硬體變更有更多的容錯空間。<acronym>GPT</acronym> 標籤會於磁碟連結"
"之後出現在 <filename>/dev/gpt/</filename>。其他分割表格式的標籤格有不同功能，"
"且標籤會在 <filename>/dev/</filename> 中有各自的目錄。"

#. (itstool) path: tip/para
#: book.translate.xml:4217
msgid ""
"Use a unique label on every partition to avoid conflicts from identical "
"labels. A few letters from the computer's name, use, or location can be "
"added to the label. For instance, use <literal>labroot</literal> or "
"<literal>rootfslab</literal> for the <acronym>UFS</acronym> root partition "
"on the computer named <literal>lab</literal>."
msgstr ""
"每個分割區請使用獨一無二的標籤來避免相同名稱的衝突，標籤可以加入與電腦名稱、"
"用途、地點有關的文字。例如，使用 <literal>labroot</literal> 或 "
"<literal>rootfslab</literal> 來做為電腦名稱為 <literal>lab</literal> 的 "
"<acronym>UFS</acronym> 根目錄分割區。"

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:4227
msgid "Creating Traditional Split File System Partitions"
msgstr "建立傳統分割的檔案系統分割區"

#. (itstool) path: example/para
#: book.translate.xml:4230
msgid ""
"For a traditional partition layout where the <filename>/</filename>, "
"<filename>/var</filename>, <filename>/tmp</filename>, and <filename>/usr</"
"filename> directories are separate file systems on their own partitions, "
"create a <acronym>GPT</acronym> partitioning scheme, then create the "
"partitions as shown. Partition sizes shown are typical for a 20G target "
"disk. If more space is available on the target disk, larger swap or "
"<filename>/var</filename> partitions may be useful. Labels shown here are "
"prefixed with <literal>ex</literal> for <quote>example</quote>, but readers "
"should use other unique label values as described above."
msgstr ""
"傳統的分割區配置會將 <filename>/</filename>, <filename>/var</filename>, "
"<filename>/tmp</filename> 以及 <filename>/usr</filename> 分別使用不同的檔案系"
"統與分割區。先建立 <acronym>GPT</acronym> 分割表格式，然後依照下表所示建立分"
"割區。下表是針對 20G 目標磁碟的分割區大小，若在目標磁碟有更多可用的空間，則可"
"增加交換空間 (Swap) 或 <filename>/var</filename> 會比較有用。以下所示的標籤皆"
"以 <literal>ex</literal> 為字首，代表 <quote>example</quote>，讀者應照前面的"
"說明使用其他獨一無二的標籤。"

#. (itstool) path: example/para
#: book.translate.xml:4243
msgid ""
"By default, FreeBSD's <filename>gptboot</filename> expects the first "
"<acronym>UFS</acronym> partition to be the <filename>/</filename> partition."
msgstr ""
"預設 FreeBSD 的 <filename>gptboot</filename> 會預期第一個 <acronym>UFS</"
"acronym> 分割區為 <filename>/</filename> 分割區。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4251
msgid "Partition Type"
msgstr "分割區類型"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4252
msgid "Size"
msgstr "大小"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4253
msgid "Mountpoint"
msgstr "掛載點"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4254
msgid "Label"
msgstr "標籤"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4260
msgid "<literal>freebsd-boot</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4261
msgid "<literal>512K</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4265 book.translate.xml:4279 book.translate.xml:4286
#: book.translate.xml:4293
msgid "<literal>freebsd-ufs</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4266 book.translate.xml:4280
msgid "<literal>2G</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4267 book.translate.xml:7054
msgid "<filename>/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4268
msgid "<literal>exrootfs</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4272
msgid "<literal>freebsd-swap</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4273
msgid "<literal>4G</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4275
msgid "<literal>exswap</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4281
msgid "<filename>/var</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4282
msgid "<literal>exvarfs</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4287
msgid "<literal>1G</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4288
msgid "<filename>/tmp</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4289
msgid "<literal>extmpfs</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4294
msgid "accept the default (remainder of the disk)"
msgstr "接受預設值 (依磁碟提示)"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4296
msgid "<filename>/usr</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:4297
msgid "<literal>exusrfs</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4304
msgid ""
"After the custom partitions have been created, select <guibutton>[ Finish ]</"
"guibutton> to continue with the installation."
msgstr ""
"自訂的分割區建立完後，選擇 <guibutton>[ Finish ]</guibutton> 繼續安裝。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:4310
msgid "Root-on-ZFS Automatic Partitioning"
msgstr "Root-on-ZFS 自動磁碟分割"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4312
msgid ""
"Support for automatic creation of root-on-ZFS installations was added in "
"FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE. This partitioning mode only works with whole disks and "
"will erase the contents of the entire disk. The installer will automatically "
"create partitions aligned to 4k boundaries and force <acronym>ZFS</acronym> "
"to use 4k sectors. This is safe even with 512 byte sector disks, and has the "
"added benefit of ensuring that pools created on 512 byte disks will be able "
"to have 4k sector disks added in the future, either as additional storage "
"space or as replacements for failed disks. The installer can also optionally "
"employ <acronym>GELI</acronym> disk encryption as described in <xref linkend="
"\"disks-encrypting-geli\"/>. If encryption is enabled, a 2 GB unencrypted "
"boot pool containing the <filename>/boot</filename> directory is created. It "
"holds the kernel and other files necessary to boot the system. A swap "
"partition of a user selectable size is also created, and all remaining space "
"is used for the <acronym>ZFS</acronym> pool."
msgstr ""
"在 FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE 之後支援了自動建立 root-on-ZFS 的安裝程序。這種磁碟分"
"割模式只能使用整個磁碟，並會清除整個磁碟內的內容。安裝程式會自動建立對齊 4k "
"邊界的分割區然後強制 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> 使用 4k 扇區 (Sector)。即使在 "
"512 位元扇區的磁碟使用也很安全，並增加了確保在 512 位元的磁碟上建立儲存池 "
"(Pool) 也可在未來加入 4k 扇區磁碟的好處，無論是作為額外的存儲空間或作為故障磁"
"碟的替代品。安裝程式也可選擇性採用 <acronym>GELI</acronym> 磁碟加密，如 "
"<xref linkend=\"disks-encrypting-geli\"/> 所介紹，若開啟磁碟加密，會建立一個"
"內含 <filename>/boot</filename> 目錄的 2 GB 未加密的開機儲存池，這個儲存池中"
"會儲存核心及其他開機必要的檔案。然後剩餘的空用會給 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> 儲"
"存池使用。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4331
msgid ""
"The main <acronym>ZFS</acronym> configuration menu offers a number of "
"options to control the creation of the pool."
msgstr ""
"主要 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> 設定選單提供了數個設定選項來控制儲存池的建立。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4336
msgid "<acronym>ZFS</acronym> Partitioning Menu"
msgstr "<acronym>ZFS</acronym> 磁碟分割選單"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4340
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-menu' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4345
msgid ""
"Select <keycap>T</keycap> to configure the <literal>Pool Type</literal> and "
"the disk(s) that will constitute the pool. The automatic <acronym>ZFS</"
"acronym> installer currently only supports the creation of a single top "
"level vdev, except in stripe mode. To create more complex pools, use the "
"instructions in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-part-shell\"/> to create the "
"pool. The installer supports the creation of various pool types, including "
"stripe (not recommended, no redundancy), mirror (best performance, least "
"usable space), and RAID-Z 1, 2, and 3 (with the capability to withstand the "
"concurrent failure of 1, 2, and 3 disks, respectively). While selecting the "
"pool type, a tooltip is displayed across the bottom of the screen with "
"advice about the number of required disks, and in the case of RAID-Z, the "
"optimal number of disks for each configuration."
msgstr ""
"選擇 <keycap>T</keycap> 來設定儲存池類型 (<literal>Pool Type</literal>) 以及"
"要組成儲存池的磁碟。自動 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> 安裝程式目前僅支援建立單一頂"
"層 vdev，除了在串連 (Stripe) 模式。要建立更複雜的儲存池，需使用 <xref "
"linkend=\"bsdinstall-part-shell\"/> 的操作來建立儲存池。安裝程式支援建立各種"
"儲存池類型，包含串連 Stripe (不建議，沒有備援功能)、鏡像 Mirror (效能較佳，但"
"可用空間較少) 以及 RAID-Z 1, 2, 與 3 (分別有能力承受同時 1, 2 與 3 個磁碟的損"
"壞)。在選擇儲存池類型時會在螢幕的下方提示所需的磁碟數量，以及在使用 RAID-Z "
"時，每種配置最佳的磁碟數。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4362
msgid "<acronym>ZFS</acronym> Pool Type"
msgstr "<acronym>ZFS</acronym> 儲存池類型"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4366
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-vdev_type' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4371
msgid ""
"Once a <literal>Pool Type</literal> has been selected, a list of available "
"disks is displayed, and the user is prompted to select one or more disks to "
"make up the pool. The configuration is then validated, to ensure enough "
"disks are selected. If not, select <guibutton>&lt;Change Selection&gt;</"
"guibutton> to return to the list of disks, or <guibutton>&lt;Cancel&gt;</"
"guibutton> to change the pool type."
msgstr ""
"選擇儲存池 (<literal>Pool Type</literal>) 之後，會顯示可用的磁碟清單，然後會"
"提示使用者選擇一個或多個磁碟來建立儲存池。接著會檢驗設定來確定選擇的磁碟足"
"夠，若不足，選擇更改選項 (<guibutton>&lt;Change Selection&gt;</guibutton>) 來"
"返回磁碟清單或取消 (<guibutton>&lt;Cancel&gt;</guibutton>) 來更改儲存池類型。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4381
msgid "Disk Selection"
msgstr "磁碟選擇"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4385
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-disk_select' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4391
msgid "Invalid Selection"
msgstr "無效的選擇"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4395
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-vdev_invalid' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4400
msgid ""
"If one or more disks are missing from the list, or if disks were attached "
"after the installer was started, select <guibutton>- Rescan Devices</"
"guibutton> to repopulate the list of available disks. To avoid accidentally "
"erasing the wrong disk, the <guibutton>- Disk Info</guibutton> menu can be "
"used to inspect each disk, including its partition table and various other "
"information such as the device model number and serial number, if available."
msgstr ""
"若有一個或多磁碟未出現在清單上，或在安裝程式啟動後才連接的磁碟，可選擇重新掃"
"描裝置 (<guibutton>- Rescan Devices</guibutton>) 來更新可用磁碟的清單。要避免"
"清除掉錯的磁碟，可用磁碟資訊 (<guibutton>- Disk Info</guibutton>) 來檢查每個"
"磁碟，包含磁碟中的分割表以及各種其他資訊如裝置型號與序號 (若有的話)。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4411
msgid "Analyzing a Disk"
msgstr "分析磁碟"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4415
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-disk_info' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4420
msgid ""
"The main <acronym>ZFS</acronym> configuration menu also allows the user to "
"enter a pool name, disable forcing 4k sectors, enable or disable encryption, "
"switch between <acronym>GPT</acronym> (recommended) and <acronym>MBR</"
"acronym> partition table types, and select the amount of swap space. Once "
"all options have been set to the desired values, select the <guibutton>&gt;"
"&gt;&gt; Install</guibutton> option at the top of the menu."
msgstr ""
"主 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> 設定選單也允許使用者輸入儲存池名稱、關閉強制 4k 扇"
"區對齊、開啟或關閉加密、切換 <acronym>GPT</acronym> (建議) 與 <acronym>MBR</"
"acronym> 分割表類型以及選擇交換空間容量。設定所有選項為想要的值之後，請選擇選"
"單上方的安裝 (<guibutton>&gt;&gt;&gt; Install</guibutton>) 選項。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4430
msgid ""
"If <acronym>GELI</acronym> disk encryption was enabled, the installer will "
"prompt twice for the passphrase to be used to encrypt the disks."
msgstr ""
"若開啟了 <acronym>GELI</acronym> 磁碟加密，安裝程式會提示輸入兩次用來加密磁碟"
"的密碼。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4435
msgid "Disk Encryption Password"
msgstr "磁碟加密密碼"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4439
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-geli_password' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4444
msgid ""
"The installer then offers a last chance to cancel before the contents of the "
"selected drives are destroyed to create the <acronym>ZFS</acronym> pool."
msgstr ""
"安裝程式接著會提供最後一次修改的機會可取消先前所選擇摧毀用來建立 "
"<acronym>ZFS</acronym> 儲存池的磁碟機。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4449
msgid "Last Chance"
msgstr "最後修改"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4453
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-warning' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4458
msgid "The installation then proceeds normally."
msgstr "然後安裝程序會正常繼續。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:4463
msgid "Shell Mode Partitioning"
msgstr "Shell 模式磁碟分割"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4465
msgid ""
"When creating advanced installations, the <application>bsdinstall</"
"application> partitioning menus may not provide the level of flexibility "
"required. Advanced users can select the <guibutton>Shell</guibutton> option "
"from the partitioning menu in order to manually partition the drives, create "
"the file system(s), populate <filename>/tmp/bsdinstall_etc/fstab</filename>, "
"and mount the file systems under <filename>/mnt</filename>. Once this is "
"done, type <command>exit</command> to return to <application>bsdinstall</"
"application> and continue the installation."
msgstr ""
"當要做進階的安裝時，<application>bsdinstall</application> 的磁碟分割選單可能"
"無法提供需要的彈性。進階的使用者可以在磁碟分割選單選擇 <guibutton>Shell</"
"guibutton> 選項來手動分割磁碟機、建立檔案系統、填寫 <filename>/tmp/"
"bsdinstall_etc/fstab</filename> 以及掛載檔案系統到 <filename>/mnt</filename> "
"下。這些動作完成之後，輸入 <command>exit</command> 可返回 "
"<application>bsdinstall</application> 繼續安裝程序。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:4480
msgid "Committing to the Installation"
msgstr "確認安裝"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:4482
msgid ""
"Once the disks are configured, the next menu provides the last chance to "
"make changes before the selected hard drive(s) are formatted. If changes "
"need to be made, select <guibutton>[ Back ]</guibutton> to return to the "
"main partitioning menu. <guibutton>[ Revert &amp; Exit ]</guibutton> will "
"exit the installer without making any changes to the hard drive."
msgstr ""
"磁碟設定完之後，接下來的選單會讓您在格式化所選的硬碟之前有最後一次機會做變"
"更，若需要做變更，可選 <guibutton>[ Back ]</guibutton> 返回到主磁碟分割選單。"
"<guibutton>[ Revert &amp; Exit ]</guibutton> 則會離開安裝程式，不會對硬碟做任"
"何變更。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4492
msgid "Final Confirmation"
msgstr "最後確認"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4496
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-final-confirmation' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:4501
msgid ""
"To instead start the actual installation, select <guibutton>[ Commit ]</"
"guibutton> and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>."
msgstr ""
"要開始實際的安裝，請選擇 <guibutton>[ Commit ]</guibutton> 然後按下 "
"<keycap>Enter</keycap>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:4505
msgid ""
"Installation time will vary depending on the distributions chosen, "
"installation media, and speed of the computer. A series of messages will "
"indicate the progress."
msgstr ""
"安裝時間會依據選擇的發行版、安裝媒體、電腦的速度而有所不同，接下來會有一系列"
"訊息會告知目前的進度。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:4509
msgid ""
"First, the installer formats the selected disk(s) and initializes the "
"partitions. Next, in the case of a bootonly media, it downloads the selected "
"components:"
msgstr ""
"首先，安裝程式會格式化選擇的磁碟，然後初始化分割區。然後，若使用僅可開機 "
"(Boot only) 的媒體則會開始下載選擇的元件："

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4514
msgid "Fetching Distribution Files"
msgstr "取得發行版檔案"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4518
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-distfile-fetching' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:4523
msgid ""
"Next, the integrity of the distribution files is verified to ensure they "
"have not been corrupted during download or misread from the installation "
"media:"
msgstr ""
"接著，會檢驗發行版的檔案完整性來確保沒有因下載過程中或安裝媒體的讀取過程中讀"
"取錯誤造成的損壞："

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4528
msgid "Verifying Distribution Files"
msgstr "檢驗發行版檔案"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4532
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-distfile-verifying' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:4537
msgid "Finally, the verified distribution files are extracted to the disk:"
msgstr "最後，檢驗過的發行版檔案會被取出儲存至磁碟："

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4541
msgid "Extracting Distribution Files"
msgstr "解開發行版檔案"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4545
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-distfile-extracting' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:4550
msgid ""
"Once all requested distribution files have been extracted, "
"<application>bsdinstall</application> displays the first post-installation "
"configuration screen. The available post-configuration options are described "
"in the next section."
msgstr ""
"所有選擇的發行版檔案取出後，<application>bsdinstall</application> 會顯示第一"
"次安裝後設定畫面，可用的安裝後設定選項會在下一節說明。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:4558
msgid "Post-Installation"
msgstr "安裝後注意事項"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:4560
msgid ""
"Once FreeBSD is installed, <application>bsdinstall</application> will prompt "
"to configure several options before booting into the newly installed system. "
"This section describes these configuration options."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 安裝完之後，<application>bsdinstall</application> 會在開機進入新安裝"
"的系統之前提示設定數個選項，本節將介紹這些設定選項。"

#. (itstool) path: tip/para
#: book.translate.xml:4566
msgid ""
"Once the system has booted, <command>bsdconfig</command> provides a menu-"
"driven method for configuring the system using these and additional options."
msgstr ""
"系統開機之後，<command>bsdconfig</command> 提供了一個選單導向的方式可用來設定"
"系統使用這些以及其他的選項。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4573 book.translate.xml:4584
msgid "Setting the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> Password"
msgstr "設定 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 密碼"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4577
msgid ""
"First, the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> password must be "
"set. While entering the password, the characters being typed are not "
"displayed on the screen. After the password has been entered, it must be "
"entered again. This helps prevent typing errors."
msgstr ""
"首先，必需設定 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 的密碼，輸入"
"密碼時，並不會直接在畫面上顯示輸入的字元。輸入完密碼之後，必須再輸入一次來確"
"認沒有輸入錯誤。"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4588
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-post-root-passwd' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:4595
msgid "Configuring Network Interfaces"
msgstr "設定網路介面卡"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4597
msgid ""
"Next, a list of the network interfaces found on the computer is shown. "
"Select the interface to configure."
msgstr "接著，會顯示在電腦上找到的網路介面卡清單。請選擇要設定的介面卡。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:4601
msgid ""
"The network configuration menus will be skipped if the network was "
"previously configured as part of a <emphasis>bootonly</emphasis> "
"installation."
msgstr ""
"若使用 <emphasis>bootonly</emphasis> 的方式安裝在先前已有設定過網路，將會跳過"
"網路設定選單。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4607
msgid "Choose a Network Interface"
msgstr "選擇網路介面卡"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4611
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface' "
"md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4616
msgid ""
"If an Ethernet interface is selected, the installer will skip ahead to the "
"menu shown in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-configure-net-ipv4\"/>. If a "
"wireless network interface is chosen, the system will instead scan for "
"wireless access points:"
msgstr ""
"若選擇的是乙太網路介面卡，安裝程式會跳過這部份直接到 <xref linkend="
"\"bsdinstall-configure-net-ipv4\"/>，若選擇的是無線網路介面卡，系統則會開始掃"
"描無線存取點 (Wireless Access Point)："

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4622
msgid "Scanning for Wireless Access Points"
msgstr "掃描無線網路存取點"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4626
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-wireless-scan' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4631
msgid ""
"Wireless networks are identified by a Service Set Identifier (<acronym>SSID</"
"acronym>), a short, unique name given to each network. <acronym>SSIDs</"
"acronym> found during the scan are listed, followed by a description of the "
"encryption types available for that network. If the desired <acronym>SSID</"
"acronym> does not appear in the list, select <guibutton>[ Rescan ]</"
"guibutton> to scan again. If the desired network still does not appear, "
"check for problems with antenna connections or try moving the computer "
"closer to the access point. Rescan after each change is made."
msgstr ""
"網線網路會使用 Service Set Identifier (<acronym>SSID</acronym>) 來辦識，SSID "
"是一段簡短、獨一無二的名稱，用來命名每個網路。 掃描時找到的 <acronym>SSID</"
"acronym> 會列到清單，並會說明該網路可用的加密類型。 若想要連線的 "
"<acronym>SSID</acronym> 並未出現在清單上，可選擇 <guibutton>[ Rescan ]</"
"guibutton> 再掃描一次，若想要連線的網路仍然沒有出現，請檢查天線的連線是否有問"
"題，或者嘗試將電腦移至更靠近存取點的位置，然後再掃描一次。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4643
msgid "Choosing a Wireless Network"
msgstr "選擇無線網路"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4647
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-wireless-accesspoints' "
"md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4652
msgid ""
"Next, enter the encryption information for connecting to the selected "
"wireless network. <acronym>WPA2</acronym> encryption is strongly recommended "
"as older encryption types, like <acronym>WEP</acronym>, offer little "
"security. If the network uses <acronym>WPA2</acronym>, input the password, "
"also known as the Pre-Shared Key (<acronym>PSK</acronym>). For security "
"reasons, the characters typed into the input box are displayed as asterisks."
msgstr ""
"然後，輸入加密資訊來連線到選擇的無線網路。強列建議使用 <acronym>WPA2</"
"acronym> 加密，因較舊的加密類型，如 <acronym>WEP</acronym> 僅提供微弱的安全"
"性。若網路使用 <acronym>WPA2</acronym> 則需輸入密碼，也稱作 Pre-Shared Key "
"(<acronym>PSK</acronym>)。考量安全性，輸入到輸入框的字元會以星號顯示。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4662
msgid "WPA2 Setup"
msgstr "WPA2 設定"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4666
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-wireless-wpa2setup' "
"md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4671
msgid ""
"Next, choose whether or not an <acronym>IPv4</acronym> address should be "
"configured on the Ethernet or wireless interface:"
msgstr ""
"接下來，選擇是否要設定乙太網路或無線網路介面卡的 <acronym>IPv4</acronym> 位"
"址："

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4676
msgid "Choose <acronym>IPv4</acronym> Networking"
msgstr "選擇 <acronym>IPv4</acronym> 網路"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4680
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv4' "
"md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4685
msgid ""
"There are two methods of <acronym>IPv4</acronym> configuration. "
"<acronym>DHCP</acronym> will automatically configure the network interface "
"correctly and should be used if the network provides a <acronym>DHCP</"
"acronym> server. Otherwise, the addressing information needs to be input "
"manually as a static configuration."
msgstr ""
"有兩種方式可以設定 <acronym>IPv4</acronym>。 <acronym>DHCP</acronym> 會自動設"
"定網路介面卡且該網路上需有 <acronym>DHCP</acronym> 伺服器才可使用。否則，必須"
"手動輸入位址的資訊來做靜態設定。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:4693
msgid ""
"Do not enter random network information as it will not work. If a "
"<acronym>DHCP</acronym> server is not available, obtain the information "
"listed in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-collect-network-information\"/> from "
"the network administrator or Internet service provider."
msgstr ""
"請不要隨便輸入網路資訊，因為這不管用。如果沒有可用的 <acronym>DHCP</acronym> "
"伺服器，可向網路管理者或網路服務供應商 (Internet Service Provider, ISP) 索取"
"列於 <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-collect-network-information\"/> 的資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4700
msgid ""
"If a <acronym>DHCP</acronym> server is available, select <guibutton>[ Yes ]</"
"guibutton> in the next menu to automatically configure the network "
"interface. The installer will appear to pause for a minute or so as it finds "
"the <acronym>DHCP</acronym> server and obtains the addressing information "
"for the system."
msgstr ""
"若有可用的 <acronym>DHCP</acronym> 伺服器，請在接下來的選單中選擇 "
"<guibutton>[ Yes ]</guibutton> 則會自動設定網路介面卡。當找到 <acronym>DHCP</"
"acronym> 伺服器並且取得系統的位址資訊時，安裝程式會出現一分鐘左右的停頓。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4708
msgid "Choose <acronym>IPv4</acronym> <acronym>DHCP</acronym> Configuration"
msgstr "選擇 <acronym>IPv4</acronym> <acronym>DHCP</acronym> 設定"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4713
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv4-dhcp' "
"md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4718
msgid ""
"If a <acronym>DHCP</acronym> server is not available, select "
"<guibutton>[ No ]</guibutton> and input the following addressing information "
"in this menu:"
msgstr ""
"若沒有可用的 <acronym>DHCP</acronym> 伺服器，則選擇 <guibutton>[ No ]</"
"guibutton> 然後在這個選單中輸入以下位址資訊："

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4723
msgid "<acronym>IPv4</acronym> Static Configuration"
msgstr "<acronym>IPv4</acronym> 靜態位置設定"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4727
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv4-static' "
"md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:4734
msgid ""
"<literal>IP Address</literal> - The <acronym>IPv4</acronym> address assigned "
"to this computer. The address must be unique and not already in use by "
"another piece of equipment on the local network."
msgstr ""
"IP 位址 (<literal>IP Address</literal>) - 要分配給這台電腦的 <acronym>IPv4</"
"acronym> 位址。位址必須獨一無二且不可已被其他在區域網路上的設備使用。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:4741
msgid "<literal>Subnet Mask</literal> - The subnet mask for the network."
msgstr "子網路遮罩 (<literal>Subnet Mask</literal>) - 網路的子網路遮罩。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:4746
msgid ""
"<literal>Default Router</literal> - The <acronym>IP</acronym> address of the "
"network's default gateway."
msgstr ""
"預設路由器 (<literal>Default Router</literal>) - <acronym>IP</acronym> 位址所"
"在網段的預設通訊閘。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4752
msgid ""
"The next screen will ask if the interface should be configured for "
"<acronym>IPv6</acronym>. If <acronym>IPv6</acronym> is available and "
"desired, choose <guibutton>[ Yes ]</guibutton> to select it."
msgstr ""
"接下來的畫面會詢問是否要設定介面卡的 <acronym>IPv6</acronym> 位址，若可以且想"
"要使用 <acronym>IPv6</acronym>，請選擇 <guibutton>[ Yes ]</guibutton>。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4758
msgid "Choose IPv6 Networking"
msgstr "選擇 IPv6 網路"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4762
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv6' "
"md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4767
msgid ""
"<acronym>IPv6</acronym> also has two methods of configuration. StateLess "
"Address AutoConfiguration (<acronym>SLAAC</acronym>) will automatically "
"request the correct configuration information from a local router. Refer to "
"<link xlink:href=\"http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4862\">http://tools.ietf."
"org/html/rfc4862</link> for more information. Static configuration requires "
"manual entry of network information."
msgstr ""
"同樣有兩種方式可以設定 <acronym>IPv6</acronym>。StateLess Address "
"AutoConfiguration (<acronym>SLAAC</acronym>) 會自動向區域路由器請求取得正確的"
"設定資訊，請參考 <link xlink:href=\"http://tools.ietf.org/html/"
"rfc4862\">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4862</link> 取得進一步資訊。靜態設定"
"則需要手動輸入網路資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4775
msgid ""
"If an <acronym>IPv6</acronym> router is available, select "
"<guibutton>[ Yes ]</guibutton> in the next menu to automatically configure "
"the network interface. The installer will appear to pause for a minute or so "
"as it finds the router and obtains the addressing information for the system."
msgstr ""
"若有可用的 <acronym>IPv6</acronym> 路由器，請在接下來的選單選擇 "
"<guibutton>[ Yes ]</guibutton> 來自動設定網路介面卡。當找到路由器並且取得系統"
"的位址資訊時，安裝程式會出現一分鐘左右的停頓。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4782
msgid "Choose IPv6 SLAAC Configuration"
msgstr "選擇 IPv6 SLAAC 設定"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4786
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-slaac' "
"md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4791
msgid ""
"If an <acronym>IPv6</acronym> router is not available, select "
"<guibutton>[ No ]</guibutton> and input the following addressing information "
"in this menu:"
msgstr ""
"若沒有可用的 <acronym>IPv6</acronym> 路由器，請選擇 <guibutton>[ No ]</"
"guibutton> 然後在這個選單中輸入以下位址資訊："

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4796
msgid "IPv6 Static Configuration"
msgstr "IPv6 靜態位置設定"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4800
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv6-static' "
"md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:4807
msgid ""
"<literal>IPv6 Address</literal> - The <acronym>IPv6</acronym> address "
"assigned to this computer. The address must be unique and not already in use "
"by another piece of equipment on the local network."
msgstr ""
"IPv6 位址 (<literal>IPv6 Address</literal>) - 要分配給這台電腦的 "
"<acronym>IPv6</acronym> 位址。位址必須獨一無二且不可已被其他在區域網路上的設"
"備使用。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:4814
msgid ""
"<literal>Default Router</literal> - The <acronym>IPv6</acronym> address of "
"the network's default gateway."
msgstr ""
"預設路由器 (<literal>Default Router</literal>) - <acronym>IPv6</acronym> 位址"
"所在網段的預設通訊閘。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4820
msgid ""
"The last network configuration menu is used to configure the Domain Name "
"System (<acronym>DNS</acronym>) resolver, which converts hostnames to and "
"from network addresses. If <acronym>DHCP</acronym> or <acronym>SLAAC</"
"acronym> was used to autoconfigure the network interface, the "
"<literal>Resolver Configuration</literal> values may already be filled in. "
"Otherwise, enter the local network's domain name in the <literal>Search</"
"literal> field. <literal>DNS #1</literal> and <literal>DNS #2</literal> are "
"the <acronym>IPv4</acronym> and/or <acronym>IPv6</acronym> addresses of the "
"<acronym>DNS</acronym> servers. At least one <acronym>DNS</acronym> server "
"is required."
msgstr ""
"最後的網路設定選單是用來設定網域名稱系統 (Domain Name System, <acronym>DNS</"
"acronym>) 的解析器，解析器會轉換主機名稱為網路位址。若已使用 <acronym>DHCP</"
"acronym> 或 <acronym>SLAAC</acronym> 來自動設定網路介面卡，解析器設定 "
"(<literal>Resolver Configuration</literal>) 的值可能會事先已填入，否則需輸入"
"區域網路的網域名稱到搜尋 (<literal>Search</literal>) 欄位。 <literal>DNS #1</"
"literal> 與 <literal>DNS #2</literal> 要填寫 <acronym>DNS</acronym> 伺服器的 "
"<acronym>IPv4</acronym> 及/或 <acronym>IPv6</acronym> 位址，至少需填寫一個 "
"<acronym>DNS</acronym> 伺服器。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4834
msgid "DNS Configuration"
msgstr "DNS 設定"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4838
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-ipv4-dns' "
"md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:4845
msgid "Setting the Time Zone"
msgstr "設定時區"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4847
msgid ""
"The next menu asks if the system clock uses <acronym>UTC</acronym> or local "
"time. When in doubt, select <guibutton>[ No ]</guibutton> to choose the more "
"commonly-used local time."
msgstr ""
"接下來的選單會詢問系統時鐘要使用 <acronym>UTC</acronym> 或者當地時間。 若有疑"
"問時可選擇 <guibutton>[ No ]</guibutton>使用更常用的當地時間。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4853
msgid "Select Local or UTC Clock"
msgstr "選擇本地或 UTC 時鐘"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4857
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-set-clock-local-utc' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4862
msgid ""
"The next series of menus are used to determine the correct local time by "
"selecting the geographic region, country, and time zone. Setting the time "
"zone allows the system to automatically correct for regional time changes, "
"such as daylight savings time, and perform other time zone related functions "
"properly."
msgstr ""
"接下來一系列的選單會透過選擇地理區域、城市及時區來判斷正確的當地時間。設定時"
"區可讓系統自動更正區域時間的更改，如日光節約時間以及正確執行其他時區相關的功"
"能。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4869
msgid ""
"The example shown here is for a machine located in the Eastern time zone of "
"the United States. The selections will vary according to the geographical "
"location."
msgstr "此處以位於美國東部時區的機器為例，選擇會依據地理位置不同改變。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4874
msgid "Select a Region"
msgstr "選擇區域"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4878
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-region' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4883
msgid ""
"The appropriate region is selected using the arrow keys and then pressing "
"<keycap>Enter</keycap>."
msgstr "使用方向鍵選擇適當的區域然後按下 <keycap>Enter</keycap>。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4887
msgid "Select a Country"
msgstr "選擇城市"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4891
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-country' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4896
msgid ""
"Select the appropriate country using the arrow keys and press <keycap>Enter</"
"keycap>."
msgstr "使用方向鍵選擇適當的城市然後按下 <keycap>Enter</keycap>。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4900
msgid "Select a Time Zone"
msgstr "選擇時區"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4904
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-zone' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4909
msgid ""
"The appropriate time zone is selected using the arrow keys and pressing "
"<keycap>Enter</keycap>."
msgstr "使用方向鍵選擇適當的時區然後按下 <keycap>Enter</keycap>。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4913
msgid "Confirm Time Zone"
msgstr "確認時區"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4917
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-confirm' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4922
msgid ""
"Confirm the abbreviation for the time zone is correct. If it is, press "
"<keycap>Enter</keycap> to continue with the post-installation configuration."
msgstr ""
"確認時區的縮寫是否正確，若正確，按下 <keycap>Enter</keycap> 繼續安裝後設定。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:4928
msgid "Enabling Services"
msgstr "開啟服務"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4930
msgid ""
"The next menu is used to configure which system services will be started "
"whenever the system boots. All of these services are optional. Only start "
"the services that are needed for the system to function."
msgstr ""
"接下來的選單用來設定有那些系統服務要在系統啟動時執行。所有的服務為選用，只需"
"開啟系統運作真正需要的服務。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4936
msgid "Selecting Additional Services to Enable"
msgstr "選擇要開啟的其他服務"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4940
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-services' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4945
msgid "Here is a summary of the services which can be enabled in this menu:"
msgstr "這是可以在這個選單開啟的服務摘要："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:4950
msgid ""
"<literal>sshd</literal> - The Secure Shell (<acronym>SSH</acronym>) daemon "
"is used to remotely access a system over an encrypted connection. Only "
"enable this service if the system should be available for remote logins."
msgstr ""
"<literal>sshd</literal> - Secure Shell (<acronym>SSH</acronym>) Daemon 可從遠"
"端透過加密的連線存取系統，只有在系統允許遠端登入時開啟這個服務。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:4958
msgid ""
"<literal>moused</literal> - Enable this service if the mouse will be used "
"from the command-line system console."
msgstr ""
"<literal>moused</literal> - 若在指令列系統 Console 會使用到滑鼠時，可開啟此服"
"務。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:4964
msgid ""
"<literal>ntpd</literal> - The Network Time Protocol (<acronym>NTP</acronym>) "
"daemon for automatic clock synchronization. Enable this service if there is "
"a <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark>, Kerberos, or "
"<acronym>LDAP</acronym> server on the network."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ntpd</literal> - 網路時間通訊協定 (Network Time Protoco, "
"<acronym>NTP</acronym>) Daemon 用來自動同步時間。若在網路上有使用 <trademark "
"class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark>, Kerberos 或 <acronym>LDAP</"
"acronym> 伺服器時，可開啟此服務。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:4972
msgid ""
"<literal>powerd</literal> - System power control utility for power control "
"and energy saving."
msgstr "<literal>powerd</literal> - 系統電源控制工具用來做電源控制與節能。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:4979 book.translate.xml:4987
msgid "Enabling Crash Dumps"
msgstr "開啟當機資訊 (Crash Dump)"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:4981
msgid ""
"The next menu is used to configure whether or not crash dumps should be "
"enabled. Enabling crash dumps can be useful in debugging issues with the "
"system, so users are encouraged to enable crash dumps."
msgstr ""
"接下來的選單用來設定是否開啟當機資訊 (Crash dump)，開啟當機資訊對系統除錯非常"
"有用，因此建議使用者開啟當機資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:4991
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-crashdump' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:4998
msgid "Add Users"
msgstr "新增使用者"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5000
msgid ""
"The next menu prompts to create at least one user account. It is recommended "
"to login to the system using a user account rather than as <systemitem class="
"\"username\">root</systemitem>. When logged in as <systemitem class="
"\"username\">root</systemitem>, there are essentially no limits or "
"protection on what can be done. Logging in as a normal user is safer and "
"more secure."
msgstr ""
"下個選單會提示建立至少一個使用者帳號。建議使用 <systemitem class=\"username"
"\">root</systemitem> 以外的使用者帳號登入系統，當使用 <systemitem class="
"\"username\">root</systemitem> 登入時，基本上沒有任何的限制或保護。\n"
"使用一般使用者登入較保險且安全。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5007
msgid "Select <guibutton>[ Yes ]</guibutton> to add new users."
msgstr "選擇 <guibutton>[ Yes ]</guibutton> 來新增新使用者。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:5011
msgid "Add User Accounts"
msgstr "新增使用者帳號"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:5015
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-adduser1' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5020
msgid ""
"Follow the prompts and input the requested information for the user account. "
"The example shown in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-add-user2\"/> creates the "
"<systemitem class=\"username\">asample</systemitem> user account."
msgstr ""
"請依照提示輸入請求的使用者帳號資訊，<xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-add-user2\"/> "
"的範例示範建立 <systemitem class=\"username\">asample</systemitem> 使用者帳"
"號。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:5024
msgid "Enter User Information"
msgstr "輸入使用者資訊"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:5028
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-adduser2' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5033
msgid "Here is a summary of the information to input:"
msgstr "這裡是要輸入的資訊摘要："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5037
msgid ""
"<literal>Username</literal> - The name the user will enter to log in. A "
"common convention is to use the first letter of the first name combined with "
"the last name, as long as each username is unique for the system. The "
"username is case sensitive and should not contain any spaces."
msgstr ""
"使用者名稱 (<literal>Username</literal>) - 登入時使用者要輸入的名稱，常見的慣"
"例是用姓的前一個字母與名結合，只要每個使用者名稱在系統唯一的皆可。使用者名稱"
"區分大小寫且不應含有任何空白字元。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5046
msgid ""
"<literal>Full name</literal> - The user's full name. This can contain spaces "
"and is used as a description for the user account."
msgstr ""
"全名 (<literal>Full name</literal>) - 使用者的全名，這個欄位可使用空白並且會"
"用來描述該使用者帳號。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5052
msgid ""
"<literal>Uid</literal> - User <acronym>ID</acronym>. Typically, this is left "
"blank so the system will assign a value."
msgstr ""
"<literal>Uid</literal> - 使用者 <acronym>ID</acronym>，通常這個欄位會留空，系"
"統會自動分配一個值。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5058
msgid ""
"<literal>Login group</literal> - The user's group. Typically this is left "
"blank to accept the default."
msgstr ""
"登入群組 (<literal>Login group</literal>) - 使用者的群組，通常這個欄位會留空"
"來使用預設值。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5063
msgid ""
"<literal>Invite <replaceable>user</replaceable> into other groups?</literal> "
"- Additional groups to which the user will be added as a member. If the user "
"needs administrative access, type <literal>wheel</literal> here."
msgstr ""
"邀請使用者進入其他群組? (<literal>Invite <replaceable>user</replaceable> "
"into other groups?</literal>) - 使用者要加入成為其成員的其他群組，若該使用者"
"需要管理權限，則在此輸入 <literal>wheel</literal>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5071
msgid "<literal>Login class</literal> - Typically left blank for the default."
msgstr "登入類別 (<literal>Login class</literal>) - 通常會留空來使用預設值。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5076
msgid ""
"<literal>Shell</literal> - Type in one of the listed values to set the "
"interactive shell for the user. Refer to <xref linkend=\"shells\"/> for more "
"information about shells."
msgstr ""
"<literal>Shell</literal> - 輸入清單中的其中一項來設定使用者所互動的 Shell，請"
"參考 <xref linkend=\"shells\"/> 取得更多有關  Shell 的資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5083
msgid ""
"<literal>Home directory</literal> - The user's home directory. The default "
"is usually correct."
msgstr ""
"家目錄 (<literal>Home directory</literal>) - 使用者的家目錄，預設值通常是沒有"
"問題的。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5088
msgid ""
"<literal>Home directory permissions</literal> - Permissions on the user's "
"home directory. The default is usually correct."
msgstr ""
"家目錄權限 (<literal>Home directory permissions</literal>) - 使用者家目錄的權"
"限，預設值通常是沒有問題的。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5094
msgid ""
"<literal>Use password-based authentication?</literal> - Typically "
"<literal>yes</literal> so that the user is prompted to input their password "
"at login."
msgstr ""
"使用密碼為基礎的認証方式? (<literal>Use password-based authentication?</"
"literal>) - 通常為是 (<literal>yes</literal>)，使用者才可於登入時輸入密碼。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5100
msgid ""
"<literal>Use an empty password?</literal> - Typically <literal>no</literal> "
"as it is insecure to have a blank password."
msgstr ""
"使用空白密碼? (<literal>Use an empty password?</literal>) - 通常為否 "
"(<literal>no</literal>)，因為使用空白密碼並不安全。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5106
msgid ""
"<literal>Use a random password?</literal> - Typically <literal>no</literal> "
"so that the user can set their own password in the next prompt."
msgstr ""
"使用隨機密碼? (<literal>Use a random password?</literal>) - 通常為否 "
"(<literal>no</literal>)，這樣使用者接下來才可設定自己的密碼。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5112
msgid ""
"<literal>Enter password</literal> - The password for this user. Characters "
"typed will not show on the screen."
msgstr ""
"輸入密碼 (<literal>Enter password</literal>) - 這個使用者的密碼，輸入的字元不"
"會顯示在畫面上。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5118
msgid ""
"<literal>Enter password again</literal> - The password must be typed again "
"for verification."
msgstr ""
"再輸入密碼一次 (<literal>Enter password again</literal>) - 再輸入一次密碼來確"
"認無誤。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5123
msgid ""
"<literal>Lock out the account after creation?</literal> - Typically "
"<literal>no</literal> so that the user can login."
msgstr ""
"建立後鎖定使用者帳號? (<literal>Lock out the account after creation?</"
"literal>) - 通常為否 (<literal>no</literal>)，這樣使用者才可以登入。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5129
msgid ""
"After entering everything, a summary is shown for review. If a mistake was "
"made, enter <literal>no</literal> and try again. If everything is correct, "
"enter <literal>yes</literal> to create the new user."
msgstr ""
"在輸入完全部的資料後，會顯示摘要供檢查，若發現錯誤，可輸入否 (<literal>no</"
"literal>) 然後再輸入一次，若輸入的所有資訊皆正確，輸入是 (<literal>yes</"
"literal>) 以後便會建立新使用者。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:5135
msgid "Exit User and Group Management"
msgstr "離開使用者與群組管理"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:5139
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-adduser3' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5144
msgid ""
"If there are more users to add, answer the <literal>Add another user?</"
"literal> question with <literal>yes</literal>. Enter <literal>no</literal> "
"to finish adding users and continue the installation."
msgstr ""
"若還有其他要新增的使用者，則在詢問新增其他使用者? (<literal>Add another user?"
"</literal>) 時回答是 (<literal>yes</literal>)。輸入否 (<literal>no</"
"literal>) 來完成加入使用者然後繼續安裝。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5149
msgid ""
"For more information on adding users and user management, see <xref linkend="
"\"users-synopsis\"/>."
msgstr ""
"要取得新增使用者與使用者管理的更多資訊，請參考 <xref linkend=\"users-synopsis"
"\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:5154 book.translate.xml:5160
msgid "Final Configuration"
msgstr "最後設定"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5156
msgid ""
"After everything has been installed and configured, a final chance is "
"provided to modify settings."
msgstr "在所有東西安裝並設定完之後，會提供最後一次修改設定的機會。"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:5164
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-finalconfiguration' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5169
msgid ""
"Use this menu to make any changes or do any additional configuration before "
"completing the installation."
msgstr "使用這個選單在完成安裝前做任何更改或做任何額外的設定。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5174
msgid ""
"<literal>Add User</literal> - Described in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-"
"addusers\"/>."
msgstr ""
"新增使用者 (<literal>Add User</literal>) - 詳述於 <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-"
"addusers\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5178
msgid ""
"<literal>Root Password</literal> - Described in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-"
"post-root\"/>."
msgstr ""
"Root 密碼 (<literal>Root Password</literal>) - 詳述於 <xref linkend="
"\"bsdinstall-post-root\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5182
msgid ""
"<literal>Hostname</literal> - Described in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-"
"hostname\"/>."
msgstr ""
"主機名稱 (<literal>Hostname</literal>) - 詳述於 <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-"
"hostname\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5186
msgid ""
"<literal>Network</literal> - Described in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-config-"
"network-dev\"/>."
msgstr ""
"網路 (<literal>Network</literal>) - 詳述於 <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-config-"
"network-dev\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5190
msgid ""
"<literal>Services</literal> - Described in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-sysconf"
"\"/>."
msgstr ""
"服務 (<literal>Services</literal>) - 詳述於 <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-"
"sysconf\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5194
msgid ""
"<literal>Time Zone</literal> - Described in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-"
"timezone\"/>."
msgstr ""
"時區 (<literal>Time Zone</literal>) - 詳述於 <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-"
"timezone\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5198
msgid ""
"<literal>Handbook</literal> - Download and install the FreeBSD Handbook."
msgstr "使用手冊 (<literal>Handbook</literal>) - 下載並安裝 FreeBSD 使用手冊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5203
msgid ""
"After any final configuration is complete, select <guibutton>Exit</"
"guibutton>."
msgstr "完成最後的設定之後，選擇 <guibutton>Exit</guibutton>。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:5207 book.translate.xml:11437
msgid "Manual Configuration"
msgstr "手動設定"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:5211
msgctxt "_"
msgid ""
"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-final-modification-shell' "
"md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5216
msgid ""
"<application>bsdinstall</application> will prompt if there are any "
"additional configuration that needs to be done before rebooting into the new "
"system. Select <guibutton>[ Yes ]</guibutton> to exit to a shell within the "
"new system or <guibutton>[ No ]</guibutton> to proceed to the last step of "
"the installation."
msgstr ""
"<application>bsdinstall</application> 會提示是否有任何額外的設定需要在重新開"
"機進入新系統之前完成。選擇 <guibutton>[ Yes ]</guibutton> 會離開進入到新系統"
"的 Shell 或 <guibutton>[ No ]</guibutton> 繼續最後的安裝步驟。"

#. (itstool) path: figure/title
#: book.translate.xml:5225
msgid "Complete the Installation"
msgstr "完成安裝"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:5229
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-mainexit' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5234
msgid ""
"If further configuration or special setup is needed, select "
"<guibutton>[ Live CD ]</guibutton> to boot the install media into Live "
"<acronym>CD</acronym> mode."
msgstr ""
"若有需要做進一步或特殊的設定，選擇 <guibutton>[ Live CD ]</guibutton> 會開機"
"進入安裝媒體的 Live <acronym>CD</acronym> 模式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5239
msgid ""
"If the installation is complete, select <guibutton>[ Reboot ]</guibutton> to "
"reboot the computer and start the new FreeBSD system. Do not forget to "
"remove the FreeBSD install media or the computer may boot from it again."
msgstr ""
"若安裝已完成，選擇 <guibutton>[ Reboot ]</guibutton> 重新開啟電腦然後啟動新"
"的 FreeBSD 電腦。不要忘了移除 FreeBSD 安裝媒體，否則電腦會再次開機進入安裝程"
"式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5245
msgid ""
"As FreeBSD boots, informational messages are displayed. After the system "
"finishes booting, a login prompt is displayed. At the <prompt>login:</"
"prompt> prompt, enter the username added during the installation. Avoid "
"logging in as <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>. Refer to "
"<xref linkend=\"users-superuser\"/> for instructions on how to become the "
"superuser when administrative access is needed."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 開機的過程會顯示許多可以參考的訊息，系統開機完成後，會顯示登入提示，"
"在 <prompt>login:</prompt> 提示，輸入安裝時新增的使用者名稱。登入時避免直接使"
"用 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>，請參考 <xref linkend="
"\"users-superuser\"/> 來取得當需要管理權限時如何成為超級使用者的說明。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5254
msgid ""
"The messages that appeared during boot can be reviewed by pressing "
"<keycap>Scroll-Lock</keycap> to turn on the scroll-back buffer. The "
"<keycap>PgUp</keycap>, <keycap>PgDn</keycap>, and arrow keys can be used to "
"scroll back through the messages. When finished, press <keycap>Scroll-Lock</"
"keycap> again to unlock the display and return to the console. To review "
"these messages once the system has been up for some time, type "
"<command>less /var/run/dmesg.boot</command> from a command prompt. Press "
"<keycap>q</keycap> to return to the command line after viewing."
msgstr ""
"要查看開機過程顯示的訊息可按 <keycap>Scroll-Lock</keycap> 鍵來開啟卷軸暫存，"
"然後可使用 <keycap>PgUp</keycap>, <keycap>PgDn</keycap> 以及方向鍵來捲動訊"
"息。查看完成之後再按 <keycap>Scroll-Lock</keycap> 鍵一次來解除畫面鎖定並返回 "
"Console。系統開機一段時間之後要查看這些訊息可在指令提示後輸入 <command>less /"
"var/run/dmesg.boot</command>，查看後按下 <keycap>q</keycap> 鍵便可返回指令"
"列。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5266
msgid ""
"If <application>sshd</application> was enabled in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-"
"config-serv\"/>, the first boot may be a bit slower as the system will "
"generate the <acronym>RSA</acronym> and <acronym>DSA</acronym> keys. "
"Subsequent boots will be faster. The fingerprints of the keys will be "
"displayed, as seen in this example:"
msgstr ""
"若在 <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-config-serv\"/> 有開啟 <application>sshd</"
"application>，因系統會產生 <acronym>RSA</acronym> 及 <acronym>DSA</acronym> "
"金鑰第一次開機可能會有點慢，之後的開機便會恢復正常速度。接著會顯示金鑰的指紋 "
"(Fingerprint)，如這個範例："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:5272
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Generating public/private rsa1 key pair.\n"
"Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.\n"
"Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub.\n"
"The key fingerprint is:\n"
"10:a0:f5:af:93:ae:a3:1a:b2:bb:3c:35:d9:5a:b3:f3 root@machine3.example.com\n"
"The key's randomart image is:\n"
"+--[RSA1 1024]----+\n"
"|    o..          |\n"
"|   o . .         |\n"
"|  .   o          |\n"
"|       o         |\n"
"|    o   S        |\n"
"|   + + o         |\n"
"|o . + *          |\n"
"|o+ ..+ .         |\n"
"|==o..o+E         |\n"
"+-----------------+\n"
"Generating public/private dsa key pair.\n"
"Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.\n"
"Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub.\n"
"The key fingerprint is:\n"
"7e:1c:ce:dc:8a:3a:18:13:5b:34:b5:cf:d9:d1:47:b2 root@machine3.example.com\n"
"The key's randomart image is:\n"
"+--[ DSA 1024]----+\n"
"|       ..     . .|\n"
"|      o  .   . + |\n"
"|     . ..   . E .|\n"
"|    . .  o o . . |\n"
"|     +  S = .    |\n"
"|    +  . = o     |\n"
"|     +  . * .    |\n"
"|    . .  o .     |\n"
"|      .o. .      |\n"
"+-----------------+\n"
"Starting sshd."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5308
msgid ""
"Refer to <xref linkend=\"openssh\"/> for more information about fingerprints "
"and <acronym>SSH</acronym>."
msgstr ""
"請參考 <xref linkend=\"openssh\"/> 來取得更多有關指紋與 <acronym>SSH</"
"acronym> 的資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5311
msgid ""
"FreeBSD does not install a graphical environment by default. Refer to <xref "
"linkend=\"x11\"/> for more information about installing and configuring a "
"graphical window manager."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 預設並不會安裝圖型化介面，請參考 <xref linkend=\"x11\"/> 取得有關安裝"
"與設定圖型化視窗管理程式的資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5315
msgid ""
"Proper shutdown of a FreeBSD computer helps protect data and hardware from "
"damage. <emphasis>Do not turn off the power before the system has been "
"properly shut down!</emphasis> If the user is a member of the <systemitem "
"class=\"groupname\">wheel</systemitem> group, become the superuser by typing "
"<command>su</command> at the command line and entering the <systemitem class="
"\"username\">root</systemitem> password. Then, type <command>shutdown -p "
"now</command> and the system will shut down cleanly, and if the hardware "
"supports it, turn itself off."
msgstr ""
"正確的將 FreeBSD 電腦關機對保護資料及避免硬體損壞有幫助。<emphasis>在系統尚未"
"正常關機之前請不要關閉電源！</emphasis> 若使用者為 <systemitem class="
"\"groupname\">wheel</systemitem> 群組的成員之一，可在指令列輸入 <command>su</"
"command> 然後輸入 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 密碼來成為"
"超級使用者。接著輸入 <command>shutdown -p now</command> 系統便會關機，若硬體"
"支援的話，電腦會自行關閉電源。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:5328 book.translate.xml:12392 book.translate.xml:15017
#: book.translate.xml:20188 book.translate.xml:35340 book.translate.xml:36110
#: book.translate.xml:48043 book.translate.xml:51289 book.translate.xml:61155
#: book.translate.xml:62815 book.translate.xml:63538
msgid "Troubleshooting"
msgstr "疑難排解"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:5330
msgid "<primary>installation</primary> <secondary>troubleshooting</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:5334
msgid ""
"This section covers basic installation troubleshooting, such as common "
"problems people have reported."
msgstr "本節涵蓋基礎的安裝疑難排解，例如一些已有人回報的常見問題。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:5338
msgid ""
"Check the Hardware Notes (<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/releases/"
"index.html\">https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html</link>) document "
"for the version of FreeBSD to make sure the hardware is supported. If the "
"hardware is supported and lock-ups or other problems occur, build a custom "
"kernel using the instructions in <xref linkend=\"kernelconfig\"/> to add "
"support for devices which are not present in the <filename>GENERIC</"
"filename> kernel. The default kernel assumes that most hardware devices are "
"in their factory default configuration in terms of <acronym>IRQ</acronym>s, "
"<acronym>I/O</acronym> addresses, and <acronym>DMA</acronym> channels. If "
"the hardware has been reconfigured, a custom kernel configuration file can "
"tell FreeBSD where to find things."
msgstr ""
"查看該 FreeBSD 版本的 Hardware Notes (<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/"
"releases/index.html\">https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html</link>) 文"
"件來確認是否支援該硬體。若確定有支援該硬體但仍然卡住或發生其他問題，請依照 "
"<xref linkend=\"kernelconfig\"/> 的指示編譯自訂核心來加入未在 "
"<filename>GENERIC</filename> 核心的裝置。預設的核心會假設大部份的硬體裝置會使"
"用原廠預設的 <acronym>IRQ</acronym>s, <acronym>I/O</acronym> 位址，及 "
"<acronym>DMA</acronym> 通道，若硬體已經被重新設定過，自訂的核心設定檔可以告"
"訴 FreeBSD 到那找到這些裝置。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:5352
msgid ""
"Some installation problems can be avoided or alleviated by updating the "
"firmware on various hardware components, most notably the motherboard. "
"Motherboard firmware is usually referred to as the <acronym>BIOS</acronym>. "
"Most motherboard and computer manufacturers have a website for upgrades and "
"upgrade information."
msgstr ""
"部份安裝問題可以透過更各種硬體元件的韌體來避免或緩解，特別是主機板。主機板的"
"韌體通常稱為 <acronym>BIOS</acronym>，大部份主機板與電腦製造商會有網站可以取"
"得升級程式與升級資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:5359
msgid ""
"Manufacturers generally advise against upgrading the motherboard "
"<acronym>BIOS</acronym> unless there is a good reason for doing so, like a "
"critical update. The upgrade process <emphasis>can</emphasis> go wrong, "
"leaving the <acronym>BIOS</acronym> incomplete and the computer inoperative."
msgstr ""
"製造商通常會建議若沒有特殊原因盡量避免升級主機板 <acronym>BIOS</acronym>"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:5367
msgid ""
"If the system hangs while probing hardware during boot, or it behaves "
"strangely during install, <acronym>ACPI</acronym> may be the culprit. "
"FreeBSD makes extensive use of the system <acronym>ACPI</acronym> service on "
"the i386, amd64, and ia64 platforms to aid in system configuration if it is "
"detected during boot. Unfortunately, some bugs still exist in both the "
"<acronym>ACPI</acronym> driver and within system motherboards and "
"<acronym>BIOS</acronym> firmware. <acronym>ACPI</acronym> can be disabled by "
"setting the <literal>hint.acpi.0.disabled</literal> hint in the third stage "
"boot loader:"
msgstr ""
"若系統在開機偵測硬體時卡住或安裝時運作異常，可能主因為 <acronym>ACPI</"
"acronym>，FreeBSD 在 i386, amd64 及 ia64 平台廣泛的使用了系統 <acronym>ACPI</"
"acronym> 服務來協助設定系統組態，若在開機時有偵測到該功能。不幸的是，"
"<acronym>ACPI</acronym> 驅動程式與系統主機板及 <acronym>BIOS</acronym> 韌體之"
"間仍存在部份問題。可於開機載入程式的第三階段設定 <literal>hint.acpi.0."
"disabled</literal> Hint 來關閉 <acronym>ACPI</acronym>："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:5379
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>set hint.acpi.0.disabled=\"1\"</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:5381
msgid ""
"This is reset each time the system is booted, so it is necessary to add "
"<literal>hint.acpi.0.disabled=\"1\"</literal> to the file <filename>/boot/"
"loader.conf</filename>. More information about the boot loader can be found "
"in <xref linkend=\"boot-synopsis\"/>."
msgstr ""
"每一次系統重開之後便會重設，因此需要在 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</"
"filename> 檔案加入 <literal>hint.acpi.0.disabled=\"1\"</literal>。更多有關開"
"機載入程式的資訊可於 <xref linkend=\"boot-synopsis\"/> 取得。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:5388
msgid "Using the Live <acronym>CD</acronym>"
msgstr "使用 Live <acronym>CD</acronym>"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:5390
msgid ""
"The welcome menu of <application>bsdinstall</application>, shown in <xref "
"linkend=\"bsdinstall-choose-mode\"/>, provides a <guibutton>[ Live CD ]</"
"guibutton> option. This is useful for those who are still wondering whether "
"FreeBSD is the right operating system for them and want to test some of the "
"features before installing."
msgstr ""
"如 <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-choose-mode\"/> 所示 <application>bsdinstall</"
"application> 的歡迎選單提供了 <guibutton>[ Live CD ]</guibutton> 選項，這對那"
"些對 FreeBSD 是否為正確的作業系統尚存疑慮的人非常有幫助，這可讓這些人在安裝前"
"測試一部份功能。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:5397
msgid ""
"The following points should be noted before using the "
"<guibutton>[ Live CD ]</guibutton>:"
msgstr "在使用 <guibutton>[ Live CD ]</guibutton> 之前必須注意以下幾點事項："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5402
msgid ""
"To gain access to the system, authentication is required. The username is "
"<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> and the password is blank."
msgstr ""
"若要增加存取權限，必須透過認証。使用者名稱為 <systemitem class=\"username"
"\">root</systemitem> 而密碼則是空白。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5408
msgid ""
"As the system runs directly from the installation media, performance will be "
"significantly slower than that of a system installed on a hard disk."
msgstr "系統是直接從安裝媒體上執行，比起安裝到硬碟的系統，效能可能較差。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5414
msgid ""
"This option only provides a command prompt and not a graphical interface."
msgstr "這個選項只提供指令提示，不會有圖型化介面。"

#. (itstool) path: chapter/title
#: book.translate.xml:5439
msgid "FreeBSD Basics"
msgstr "FreeBSD 基礎"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:5444
msgid ""
"This chapter covers the basic commands and functionality of the FreeBSD "
"operating system. Much of this material is relevant for any <trademark class="
"\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>-like operating system. New FreeBSD users are "
"encouraged to read through this chapter carefully."
msgstr ""
"接下來的這一章將涵蓋 FreeBSD 作業系統的基本指令及功能。 大部份的內容在 "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>-like 作業系統中都是相通的。 "
"如果您對這些內容熟悉的話，可以放心的跳過。 如果您剛接觸 FreeBSD，那您一定要仔"
"細的讀完這章。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5453
msgid "How to use and configure virtual consoles."
msgstr "如何使用 FreeBSD 的虛擬 Console。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5457
msgid "How to create and manage users and groups on FreeBSD."
msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 建立與管理使用者與群組。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5462
msgid ""
"How <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> file permissions and "
"FreeBSD file flags work."
msgstr ""
"<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 檔案權限以及 FreeBSD 檔案標"
"記的運作方式。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5467
msgid "The default FreeBSD file system layout."
msgstr "預設的 FreeBSD 檔案系統配置。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5471
msgid "The FreeBSD disk organization."
msgstr "FreeBSD 的磁碟組織。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5475
msgid "How to mount and unmount file systems."
msgstr "如何掛載 (Mount)、卸載 (Umount) 檔案系統。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5479
msgid "What processes, daemons, and signals are."
msgstr "什麼是程序、Daemon 以及信號 (Signal)。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5483
msgid "What a shell is, and how to change the default login environment."
msgstr "什麼是 Shell，以及如何變更您預設的登入環境。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5488
msgid "How to use basic text editors."
msgstr "如何使用基本的文字編輯器。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5492
msgid "What devices and device nodes are."
msgstr "什麼是裝置 (Device) 和裝置節點 (Device node)。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5496
msgid "How to read manual pages for more information."
msgstr "如何閱讀操作手冊以獲得更多的資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:5502
msgid "Virtual Consoles and Terminals"
msgstr "虛擬 Console 與終端機"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:5504
msgid "<primary>virtual consoles</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:5507 book.translate.xml:47334
msgid "<primary>terminals</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:5510 book.translate.xml:23163
msgid "<primary>console</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:5514
msgid ""
"Unless FreeBSD has been configured to automatically start a graphical "
"environment during startup, the system will boot into a command line login "
"prompt, as seen in this example:"
msgstr ""
"如果您沒有將 FreeBSD 設定成開機時自動進入圖形化模式，系統會進入指令登入提示像"
"是這樣的東西："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:5519
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"FreeBSD/amd64 (pc3.example.org) (ttyv0)\n"
"\n"
"login:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:5523
msgid ""
"The first line contains some information about the system. The "
"<literal>amd64</literal> indicates that the system in this example is "
"running a 64-bit version of FreeBSD. The hostname is <systemitem>pc3.example."
"org</systemitem>, and <filename>ttyv0</filename> indicates that this is the "
"<quote>system console</quote>. The second line is the login prompt."
msgstr ""
"第一行包含了剛開機完系統的資訊，<literal>amd64</literal> 代表此範例所使用的系"
"統是執行 64-位元版本的 FreeBSD，這台主機的名稱是 <systemitem>pc3.example."
"org</systemitem>，<filename>ttyv0</filename> 代表這是個 <quote>系統 Console</"
"quote>。第二行則是登人的提示訊息。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:5531
msgid ""
"Since FreeBSD is a multiuser system, it needs some way to distinguish "
"between different users. This is accomplished by requiring every user to log "
"into the system before gaining access to the programs on the system. Every "
"user has a unique name <quote>username</quote> and a personal "
"<quote>password</quote>."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 是一個多使用者的系統，需要一套可以分辨不同使用者的方法。因此所有的使"
"用者在執行程式之前必須先“登入”系統以取得系統內程式的存取權限。每個使用者都有"
"一組獨一無二的使用者名稱 (<quote>username</quote>) 及個人密碼 "
"(<quote>password</quote>)。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:5538
msgid ""
"To log into the system console, type the username that was configured during "
"system installation, as described in <xref linkend=\"bsdinstall-addusers\"/"
">, and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>. Then enter the password associated with "
"the username and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>. The password is <emphasis>not "
"echoed</emphasis> for security reasons."
msgstr ""
"要登入系統 Console 需輸入在系統安裝時設定的使用者名稱，請參考 <xref linkend="
"\"bsdinstall-addusers\"/>，並按下 <keycap>Enter</keycap>。 接著輸入該使用者名"
"稱的密碼按下 <keycap>Enter</keycap>。 輸入的密碼為了安全起見<emphasis>不會顯"
"示</emphasis>在畫面上。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:5546
msgid ""
"Once the correct password is input, the message of the day (<acronym>MOTD</"
"acronym>) will be displayed followed by a command prompt. Depending upon the "
"shell that was selected when the user was created, this prompt will be a "
"<literal>#</literal>, <literal>$</literal>, or <literal>%</literal> "
"character. The prompt indicates that the user is now logged into the FreeBSD "
"system console and ready to try the available commands."
msgstr ""
"如果您輸入了正確的密碼，您應該會看到今日訊息 (Message of the day, "
"<acronym>MOTD</acronym>)，後面接著顯示指令提示字元，依使用者建立時所選擇的 "
"Shell 會有不同的提示字元可能為 <literal>#</literal>, <literal>$</literal> 或"
"者 <literal>%</literal>。 看到指令提示代表使用者現在已經登入 FreeBSD 系統 "
"Console 且已經準備好可以下指令。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:5556
msgid "Virtual Consoles"
msgstr "虛擬 Console"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5558
msgid ""
"While the system console can be used to interact with the system, a user "
"working from the command line at the keyboard of a FreeBSD system will "
"typically instead log into a virtual console. This is because system "
"messages are configured by default to display on the system console. These "
"messages will appear over the command or file that the user is working on, "
"making it difficult to concentrate on the work at hand."
msgstr ""
"雖然系統 Console 已經可以用來與系統互動，但使用鍵盤來下指令使用 FreeBSD 系統"
"的使用者通常會使用虛擬 Console 登入。 因為系統訊息預設會顯示在系統 Console，"
"這些訊些會在使用者作業的過程中不斷出現，讓使用者難以專心作業。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5567
msgid ""
"By default, FreeBSD is configured to provide several virtual consoles for "
"inputting commands. Each virtual console has its own login prompt and shell "
"and it is easy to switch between virtual consoles. This essentially provides "
"the command line equivalent of having several windows open at the same time "
"in a graphical environment."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 預設提供多個虛擬 Console 可輸入指令，每個虛擬 Console 都有自己的登入"
"提示及 Shell 並且可以輕易的在虛擬 Console 間切換。 這實際上讓指令輸入有了類似"
"於圖型化環境中可以同時開啟多個視窗的功能。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5574
msgid ""
"The key combinations <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></"
"keycombo> through <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F8</keycap></"
"keycombo> have been reserved by FreeBSD for switching between virtual "
"consoles. Use <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo> "
"to switch to the system console (<filename>ttyv0</filename>), "
"<keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo> to access the "
"first virtual console (<filename>ttyv1</filename>), <keycombo><keycap>Alt</"
"keycap><keycap>F3</keycap></keycombo> to access the second virtual console "
"(<filename>ttyv2</filename>), and so on."
msgstr ""
"組合鍵 <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo> 至  "
"<keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F8</keycap></keycombo> 被 FreeBSD 保留"
"用來切換虛擬 Console，使用 <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</"
"keycap></keycombo> 可切換至系統 Console (<filename>ttyv0</filename>)，"
"<keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo> 可存取第一個虛"
"擬 Console (<filename>ttyv1</filename>)，<keycombo><keycap>Alt</"
"keycap><keycap>F3</keycap></keycombo> 可存取第二個虛擬 Console "
"(<filename>ttyv2</filename>)，以此類推。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5590
msgid ""
"When switching from one console to the next, FreeBSD manages the screen "
"output. The result is an illusion of having multiple virtual screens and "
"keyboards that can be used to type commands for FreeBSD to run. The programs "
"that are launched in one virtual console do not stop running when the user "
"switches to a different virtual console."
msgstr ""
"當您從一個 Console 切換到下一個的時候，FreeBSD 會切換畫面顯示的內容， 這就好"
"像有很多虛擬的螢幕和鍵盤可以讓您輸入指令到 FreeBSD 執行。 在某一個虛擬 "
"Console 上執行的程式並不會因為使用者切到別的 Console 而停止執行。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5597
msgid ""
"Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kbdcontrol</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vidcontrol</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>atkbd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vt</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for a more technical "
"description of the FreeBSD console and its keyboard drivers."
msgstr ""
"請參考 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kbdcontrol</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vidcontrol</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>atkbd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syscons</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> 以及 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 來取得更多有關 FreeBSD Console 及鍵盤驅動程式的技術說明。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5602
msgid ""
"In FreeBSD, the number of available virtual consoles is configured in this "
"section of <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 中虛擬 Console 的數量設定在 <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> 檔案中的下"
"列章節："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:5606
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# name    getty                         type  status comments\n"
"#\n"
"ttyv0   \"/usr/libexec/getty Pc\"         xterm   on  secure\n"
"# Virtual terminals\n"
"ttyv1   \"/usr/libexec/getty Pc\"         xterm   on  secure\n"
"ttyv2   \"/usr/libexec/getty Pc\"         xterm   on  secure\n"
"ttyv3   \"/usr/libexec/getty Pc\"         xterm   on  secure\n"
"ttyv4   \"/usr/libexec/getty Pc\"         xterm   on  secure\n"
"ttyv5   \"/usr/libexec/getty Pc\"         xterm   on  secure\n"
"ttyv6   \"/usr/libexec/getty Pc\"         xterm   on  secure\n"
"ttyv7   \"/usr/libexec/getty Pc\"         xterm   on  secure\n"
"ttyv8   \"/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon\"  xterm   off secure"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5620
msgid ""
"To disable a virtual console, put a comment symbol (<literal>#</literal>) at "
"the beginning of the line representing that virtual console. For example, to "
"reduce the number of available virtual consoles from eight to four, put a "
"<literal>#</literal> in front of the last four lines representing virtual "
"consoles <filename>ttyv5</filename> through <filename>ttyv8</filename>. "
"<emphasis>Do not</emphasis> comment out the line for the system console "
"<filename>ttyv0</filename>. Note that the last virtual console "
"(<filename>ttyv8</filename>) is used to access the graphical environment if "
"<application>Xorg</application> has been installed and configured as "
"described in <xref linkend=\"x11\"/>."
msgstr ""
"要關閉虛擬 Console 只要在指定的虛擬 Console 該行設定的一開始加上註解符號 "
"(<literal>#</literal>)。 例如要將虛擬 Console 的數量由 8 個改為 4 個，則可將 "
"<literal>#</literal> 加在代表虛擬 Console 的 <filename>ttyv5</filename> 到 "
"<filename>ttyv8</filename> 的最後四行一開始。 <emphasis>請勿</emphasis>將系"
"統 Console <filename>ttyv0</filename> 加上註解符號。 注意，若有依照 <xref "
"linkend=\"x11\"/> 安裝並設定 <application>Xorg</application> 時，會用到最後一"
"個虛擬 Console (<filename>ttyv8</filename>)。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5634
msgid ""
"For a detailed description of every column in this file and the available "
"options for the virtual consoles, refer to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ttys</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"有關各欄位的設定以及其他選項，請參閱 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ttys</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 說明。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:5640
msgid "Single User Mode"
msgstr "單使用者模式"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5642
msgid ""
"The FreeBSD boot menu provides an option labelled as <quote>Boot Single "
"User</quote>. If this option is selected, the system will boot into a "
"special mode known as <quote>single user mode</quote>. This mode is "
"typically used to repair a system that will not boot or to reset the "
"<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> password when it is not "
"known. While in single user mode, networking and other virtual consoles are "
"not available. However, full <systemitem class=\"username\">root</"
"systemitem> access to the system is available, and by default, the "
"<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> password is not needed. For "
"these reasons, physical access to the keyboard is needed to boot into this "
"mode and determining who has physical access to the keyboard is something to "
"consider when securing a FreeBSD system."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 開機選單會提供一個選項為 <quote>Boot Single User</quote>，若選擇該項"
"目，系統將會進入所謂 <quote>單使用者模式</quote> 的特殊模式。 此模式通常用在"
"修復系統無法開機或重設已忘掉的 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</"
"systemitem> 密碼。 在當使用者模式中無法使用網路及其他虛擬 Console，但有完整 "
"<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 對系統的存取權限，而且預設是"
"不須要輸入 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 密碼。 也因此，要"
"能透過實體鍵盤操作才能進入此模式，在考量 FreeBSD 系統安全時須要限制可操作實體"
"鍵盤的人員。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5658
msgid ""
"The settings which control single user mode are found in this section of "
"<filename>/etc/ttys</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"有關單使用者模式的設定可在 <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> 中的以下章節中找"
"到："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:5661
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# name  getty                           type  status  comments\n"
"#\n"
"# If console is marked \"insecure\", then init will ask for the root password\n"
"# when going to single-user mode.\n"
"console none                            unknown  off  secure"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5667
msgid ""
"By default, the status is set to <literal>secure</literal>. This assumes "
"that who has physical access to the keyboard is either not important or it "
"is controlled by a physical security policy. If this setting is changed to "
"<literal>insecure</literal>, the assumption is that the environment itself "
"is insecure because anyone can access the keyboard. When this line is "
"changed to <literal>insecure</literal>, FreeBSD will prompt for the "
"<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> password when a user "
"selects to boot into single user mode."
msgstr ""
"預設狀態為安全 (<literal>secure</literal>)，這代表誰能夠操作實體鍵盤不是不重"
"要就是已受到實體安全規範管制。 若設定更該為不安全 (<literal>insecure</"
"literal>) 則代表主機所在的環境不安全，因為任何人皆可接觸鍵盤。 當此行設定更改"
"為不安全 (<literal>insecure</literal>) 時，當使用擇選擇單使用者模式時，"
"FreeBSD 將會要求輸入 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 的密"
"碼。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:5679
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Be careful when changing this setting to <literal>insecure</"
"literal></emphasis>! If the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> "
"password is forgotten, booting into single user mode is still possible, but "
"may be difficult for someone who is not familiar with the FreeBSD booting "
"process."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis>請審慎考慮是否要改為 <literal>insecure</literal></emphasis>！ 因為"
"萬一忘記 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 密碼的話，雖然還是"
"有其他辦法可以登入單使用者模式，只是對不熟 FreeBSD 開機程序的人可就麻煩了。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:5689
msgid "Changing Console Video Modes"
msgstr "更改 Console 影像模式"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5691
msgid ""
"The FreeBSD console default video mode may be adjusted to 1024x768, "
"1280x1024, or any other size supported by the graphics chip and monitor. To "
"use a different video mode load the <literal>VESA</literal> module:"
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD Console 預設顯示大小可以調整為 1024x768、1280x1024 或其他顯示卡與螢幕"
"有支援的解析度大小。 要使用不同的影像模式需載入 <literal>VESA</literal> 模"
"組："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:5696
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>kldload vesa</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5698
msgid ""
"To determine which video modes are supported by the hardware, use "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vidcontrol</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>. To get a list of supported video modes issue the "
"following:"
msgstr ""
"要偵測硬體支援的影像模式，可使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vidcontrol</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。 要取得支援的影像模式"
"清單可輸入以下指令："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:5702
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>vidcontrol -i mode</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5704
msgid ""
"The output of this command lists the video modes that are supported by the "
"hardware. To select a new video mode, specify the mode using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vidcontrol</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> as the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</"
"systemitem> user:"
msgstr ""
"該指令會顯示硬體所支援的影像模式清單，要採用新的影像模式需以 <systemitem "
"class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 使用者執行 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vidcontrol</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 指令："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:5709
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>vidcontrol MODE_279</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5711
msgid ""
"If the new video mode is acceptable, it can be permanently set on boot by "
"adding it to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"若可接受新的影像模式，可以在 <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> 加入設定，讓每"
"次重開機後會自動生效："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:5715
#, no-wrap
msgid "allscreens_flags=\"MODE_279\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:5732
msgid "Users and Basic Account Management"
msgstr "使用者與基礎帳號管理"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:5734
msgid ""
"FreeBSD allows multiple users to use the computer at the same time. While "
"only one user can sit in front of the screen and use the keyboard at any one "
"time, any number of users can log in to the system through the network. To "
"use the system, each user should have their own user account."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 允許多使用者同時使用電腦，在一次只能有一位使用者坐在電腦螢幕前使用鍵"
"盤操作的同時，可讓任何數量的使用者透過網路登入到系統。每一位要使用該系統的使"
"用者應有自己的帳號。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:5740
msgid "This chapter describes:"
msgstr "本章介紹︰"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5744
msgid "The different types of user accounts on a FreeBSD system."
msgstr "FreeBSD 系統中各種類型的使用者帳號。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5749
msgid "How to add, remove, and modify user accounts."
msgstr "如何加入、移除與修改使用者帳號。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5753
msgid ""
"How to set limits to control the resources that users and groups are allowed "
"to access."
msgstr "如何設定用來控制使用者與群組允許存取的資源的限制。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5759
msgid "How to create groups and add users as members of a group."
msgstr "如何建立群組與加入使用者作為群組成員。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:5765
msgid "Account Types"
msgstr "帳號類型"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5767
msgid ""
"Since all access to the FreeBSD system is achieved using accounts and all "
"processes are run by users, user and account management is important."
msgstr ""
"由於所有對 FreeBSD 系統的存取是透過使用者帳號來達成，且所有的程序需要經由使用"
"者來執行，因此使用者帳號管理非常重要。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:5771
msgid ""
"There are three main types of accounts: system accounts, user accounts, and "
"the superuser account."
msgstr "有三種主要類型的帳號：系統帳號、使用者帳號以及超級使用者帳號。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:5775
msgid "System Accounts"
msgstr "系統帳號"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:5777
msgid "<primary>accounts</primary> <secondary>system</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:5782
msgid ""
"System accounts are used to run services such as DNS, mail, and web servers. "
"The reason for this is security; if all services ran as the superuser, they "
"could act without restriction."
msgstr ""
"系統帳號用來執行服務，例如 DNS、郵件及網頁伺服器，要這麼作是因為安全性考量，"
"若所有的服務均以超級使用者來執行，那麼這些服務的運作將不會受到限制。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:5787
msgid ""
"<primary>accounts</primary> <secondary><systemitem class=\"username"
"\">daemon</systemitem></secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:5791
msgid ""
"<primary>accounts</primary> <secondary><systemitem class=\"username"
"\">operator</systemitem></secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:5796
msgid ""
"Examples of system accounts are <systemitem class=\"username\">daemon</"
"systemitem>, <systemitem class=\"username\">operator</systemitem>, "
"<systemitem class=\"username\">bind</systemitem>, <systemitem class="
"\"username\">news</systemitem>, and <systemitem class=\"username\">www</"
"systemitem>."
msgstr ""
"系統帳號的例子有 <systemitem class=\"username\">daemon</systemitem>, "
"<systemitem class=\"username\">operator</systemitem>, <systemitem class="
"\"username\">bind</systemitem>, <systemitem class=\"username\">news</"
"systemitem>, and <systemitem class=\"username\">www</systemitem>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:5803
msgid ""
"<primary>accounts</primary> <secondary><systemitem class=\"username"
"\">nobody</systemitem></secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:5808
msgid ""
"<systemitem class=\"username\">nobody</systemitem> is the generic "
"unprivileged system account. However, the more services that use <systemitem "
"class=\"username\">nobody</systemitem>, the more files and processes that "
"user will become associated with, and hence the more privileged that user "
"becomes."
msgstr ""
"<systemitem class=\"username\">nobody</systemitem> 是通用的無權限系統帳號。雖"
"然如此，只有要越多的服務使用 <systemitem class=\"username\">nobody</"
"systemitem>，就會有更多的檔案與程式與該使用者相關聯，會讓該使用者擁有更多的權"
"限。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:5817
msgid "User Accounts"
msgstr "使用者帳號"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:5819
msgid "<primary>accounts</primary> <secondary>user</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:5824
msgid ""
"User accounts are assigned to real people and are used to log in and use the "
"system. Every person accessing the system should have a unique user account. "
"This allows the administrator to find out who is doing what and prevents "
"users from clobbering the settings of other users."
msgstr ""
"使用者帳號會分配給實際人員，用來登入及使用系統。每位要存取系統的人員需要擁有"
"一組唯一的使用者帳號，這可讓管理者辨識誰在做什麼以及避免使用者覆蓋其他使用者"
"的設定。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:5830
msgid ""
"Each user can set up their own environment to accommodate their use of the "
"system, by configuring their default shell, editor, key bindings, and "
"language settings."
msgstr ""
"每位使用者可以設定自己的環境來配合自己使用系統的習慣，透過設定預設的 Shell、"
"編輯器、組合鍵 (Key Binding) 及語言設定。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:5835
msgid ""
"Every user account on a FreeBSD system has certain information associated "
"with it:"
msgstr "每個在 FreeBSD 系統的使用者帳號都會有一些相關的資訊："

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:5840
msgid "User name"
msgstr "使用者名稱 (User name)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5843
msgid ""
"The user name is typed at the <prompt>login:</prompt> prompt. Each user must "
"have a unique user name. There are a number of rules for creating valid user "
"names which are documented in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. It is recommended to "
"use user names that consist of eight or fewer, all lower case characters in "
"order to maintain backwards compatibility with applications."
msgstr ""
"在 <prompt>login:</prompt> 提示出現時便要輸入使用者名稱，每位使用者必須要有一"
"個唯一的使用者名稱。要建立有效的使用者名稱要遵守數條規則，在 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 中有說明。建議使用者名稱由 8 個或更少的字母組成，全部採用小寫字"
"元以向下相容應用程式。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:5855
msgid "Password"
msgstr "密碼 (Password)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5858
msgid "Each account has an associated password."
msgstr "每個帳號都會有密碼。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:5863
msgid "User ID (<acronym>UID</acronym>)"
msgstr "使用者 ID (<acronym>UID</acronym>)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5866
msgid ""
"The User ID (<acronym>UID</acronym>) is a number used to uniquely identify "
"the user to the FreeBSD system. Commands that allow a user name to be "
"specified will first convert it to the <acronym>UID</acronym>. It is "
"recommended to use a UID less than 65535, since higher values may cause "
"compatibility issues with some software."
msgstr ""
"使用者 ID (User ID, <acronym>UID</acronym>) 是一組數字用來獨一無二的辨識 "
"FreeBSD 系統的使用者，用到使用者名稱的指令會先將使用者名稱轉換為 "
"<acronym>UID</acronym>。建議使用小於 65535 的 UID，超過這個值可能會造成部份軟"
"體的相容性問題。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:5877
msgid "Group ID (<acronym>GID</acronym>)"
msgstr "群組 ID (<acronym>GID</acronym>)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5880
msgid ""
"The Group ID (<acronym>GID</acronym>) is a number used to uniquely identify "
"the primary group that the user belongs to. Groups are a mechanism for "
"controlling access to resources based on a user's <acronym>GID</acronym> "
"rather than their <acronym>UID</acronym>. This can significantly reduce the "
"size of some configuration files and allows users to be members of more than "
"one group. It is recommended to use a GID of 65535 or lower as higher GIDs "
"may break some software."
msgstr ""
"群組 ID (Group ID, <acronym>GID</acronym>) 是一組數字用來獨一無二的辨識使用者"
"所屬的主要群組。群組是一個除了使用 <acronym>UID</acronym> 之外根據使用者的 "
"<acronym>GID</acronym> 來控制資源存取權的機制。這可以顯著的降低某些設定檔的大"
"小且可讓使用者成為一個以上群組的成員。建議使用 65535 或以下的 GID，因超過此值"
"的 GID 可能會讓部份軟體無法運作。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:5894
msgid "Login class"
msgstr "登入類別 (Login class)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5897
msgid ""
"Login classes are an extension to the group mechanism that provide "
"additional flexibility when tailoring the system to different users. Login "
"classes are discussed further in <xref linkend=\"users-limiting\"/>."
msgstr ""
"登入類別 (Login class) 擴充了群組機制，當在對不同使用者客製化系統時可提供額外"
"的彈性。在 <xref linkend=\"users-limiting\"/> 有對登入類別更進一步的討論。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:5906
msgid "Password change time"
msgstr "密碼更改時間 (Password change time)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5909
msgid ""
"By default, passwords do not expire. However, password expiration can be "
"enabled on a per-user basis, forcing some or all users to change their "
"passwords after a certain amount of time has elapsed."
msgstr ""
"預設情況下密碼並不會過期，雖然如此，密碼期限可在各別使用者上開啟，可強制部份"
"或所有使用者在某段期間過後更改他們的密碼。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:5918
msgid "Account expiration time"
msgstr "帳號到期時間 (Account expiration time)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5921
msgid ""
"By default, FreeBSD does not expire accounts. When creating accounts that "
"need a limited lifespan, such as student accounts in a school, specify the "
"account expiry date using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. After the expiry time "
"has elapsed, the account cannot be used to log in to the system, although "
"the account's directories and files will remain."
msgstr ""
"預設情況下 FreeBSD 的帳號不會有期限。當建立需要有限壽命的帳號時，例如，學校的"
"學生帳號，可使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 指定帳號的到期日期。到"
"期日期過後，便無法使用該帳號登入到系統，儘管該帳號的目錄及檔案仍存在。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:5932
msgid "User's full name"
msgstr "使用者的全名 (User's full name)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5935
msgid ""
"The user name uniquely identifies the account to FreeBSD, but does not "
"necessarily reflect the user's real name. Similar to a comment, this "
"information can contain spaces, uppercase characters, and be more than 8 "
"characters long."
msgstr ""
"使用者名稱用來獨一無二的辦識 FreeBSD 的帳號，但並不一定反映了使用者的真實姓"
"名。類似註解，這個資訊可以含有空白、大寫字元並可超過 8 個字母的長度。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:5944
msgid "Home directory"
msgstr "家目錄 (Home directory)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5947
msgid ""
"The home directory is the full path to a directory on the system. This is "
"the user's starting directory when the user logs in. A common convention is "
"to put all user home directories under <filename><replaceable>/home/"
"username</replaceable></filename> or <filename><replaceable>/usr/home/"
"username</replaceable></filename>. Each user stores their personal files and "
"subdirectories in their own home directory."
msgstr ""
"家目錄是系統中某個目錄的完整路徑，這個目錄是使用者登入後的起點目錄。習慣上會"
"將所有使用者目錄放置在 <filename><replaceable>/home/username</replaceable></"
"filename> 或 <filename><replaceable>/usr/home/username</replaceable></"
"filename>。每位使用者可以儲存他們的個人檔案及子目錄於他們自己的家目錄。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:5958
msgid "User shell"
msgstr "使用者 Shell (User shell)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:5961
msgid ""
"The shell provides the user's default environment for interacting with the "
"system. There are many different kinds of shells and experienced users will "
"have their own preferences, which can be reflected in their account settings."
msgstr ""
"Shell 提供了使用者預設的環境來與系統互動。有數種不同類型的 Shell，有經驗的使"
"用者會有自己偏好的選擇，可儲存在自己的帳號設定。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:5972
msgid "The Superuser Account"
msgstr "超級使用者帳號"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:5974
msgid "<primary>accounts</primary> <secondary>superuser (root)</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:5979
msgid ""
"The superuser account, usually called <systemitem class=\"username\">root</"
"systemitem>, is used to manage the system with no limitations on privileges. "
"For this reason, it should not be used for day-to-day tasks like sending and "
"receiving mail, general exploration of the system, or programming."
msgstr ""
"超級使用者帳號，通常稱作 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>，用"
"來管理系統，沒有權限的限制，也因這個原因，該帳號不應該用來做每日的例行作業，"
"如：寄信與收信、系統的一般探索或程式設計。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:5986
msgid ""
"The superuser, unlike other user accounts, can operate without limits, and "
"misuse of the superuser account may result in spectacular disasters. User "
"accounts are unable to destroy the operating system by mistake, so it is "
"recommended to login as a user account and to only become the superuser when "
"a command requires extra privilege."
msgstr ""
"超級使用者並不像其他使用者帳號，可以沒有限制的操作，不正確的使用超級使用者帳"
"號可能會造成可觀的災害。一般使用者帳號不會因為失誤而法摧毀作業系統，所以建議"
"登入一般使用者帳號，只有在指令需要額外權限時切換為超級使用者。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:5994
msgid ""
"Always double and triple-check any commands issued as the superuser, since "
"an extra space or missing character can mean irreparable data loss."
msgstr ""
"使用超級使用者下指令時永遠要再三檢查，由於一個多餘的空白或缺少的字元可能意味"
"著無法挽回的資料遺失。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:5998
msgid ""
"There are several ways to gain superuser privilege. While one can log in as "
"<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, this is highly discouraged."
msgstr ""
"有數種方法可以提升為超級使用者權限，雖然可以直接登入為 <systemitem class="
"\"username\">root</systemitem>，但強烈不建議這樣做。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:6003
msgid ""
"Instead, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to become the superuser. If <literal>-</literal> "
"is specified when running this command, the user will also inherit the root "
"user's environment. The user running this command must be in the <systemitem "
"class=\"groupname\">wheel</systemitem> group or else the command will fail. "
"The user must also know the password for the <systemitem class=\"username"
"\">root</systemitem> user account."
msgstr ""
"改使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 切換為超級使用者。執行此指令時若指定 <literal>-</"
"literal> 參數，該使用者會繼承 root 的使用者環境。執行此指令的使用者必須在 "
"<systemitem class=\"groupname\">wheel</systemitem> 群組中，否則指令會失敗。使"
"用者也必須要知道 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 使用者帳號"
"的密碼。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:6013
msgid ""
"In this example, the user only becomes superuser in order to run "
"<command>make install</command> as this step requires superuser privilege. "
"Once the command completes, the user types <command>exit</command> to leave "
"the superuser account and return to the privilege of their user account."
msgstr ""
"在此例當中，該使用者只在要執行 <command>make install</command> 時切換為超級使"
"用者，因為這個步驟需要超級使用者權限。指令完成之後，該使用者輸入 "
"<command>exit</command> 離開超級使用者帳號並返回他的使用者帳號權限。"

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:6021
msgid "Install a Program As the Superuser"
msgstr "以超級使用者的身份安裝程式"

#. (itstool) path: example/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6023
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>configure</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>make</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>su -</userinput>\n"
"Password:\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>exit</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>%</prompt>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:6032
msgid ""
"The built-in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> framework works well for single systems or small "
"networks with just one system administrator. An alternative is to install "
"the <package>security/sudo</package> package or port. This software provides "
"activity logging and allows the administrator to configure which users can "
"run which commands as the superuser."
msgstr ""
"內建的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 框架在單人系統或只有一位系統管理者的小型網路可以運"
"作的很好。另一種方式是安裝 <package>security/sudo</package> 套件或 Port。此軟"
"體提供了活動記錄且允許管理者設定那個使用者可以用超級使用者執行那個指令。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:6043
msgid "Managing Accounts"
msgstr "管理帳號"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6045
msgid "<primary>accounts</primary> <secondary>modifying</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6050
msgid ""
"FreeBSD provides a variety of different commands to manage user accounts. "
"The most common commands are summarized in <xref linkend=\"users-modifying-"
"utilities\"/>, followed by some examples of their usage. See the manual page "
"for each utility for more details and usage examples."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 提供了各種不同指令來管理使用者帳號，最常用的指令已摘要於 <xref "
"linkend=\"users-modifying-utilities\"/>，接著有一些用法的範例。請參考每個工具"
"的操作手冊來取得更多詳細的資訊與用法範例。"

#. (itstool) path: table/title
#: book.translate.xml:6057
msgid "Utilities for Managing User Accounts"
msgstr "管理使用者帳號的工具"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6065 book.translate.xml:57389 book.translate.xml:60921
msgid "Command"
msgstr "指令"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:6066 book.translate.xml:16933 book.translate.xml:17087
msgid "Summary"
msgstr "摘要"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6071
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>adduser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6072
msgid "The recommended command-line application for adding new users."
msgstr "建議用來新增新使用者的指令列應用程式。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6077
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rmuser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6078
msgid "The recommended command-line application for removing users."
msgstr "建議用來移除使用者的指令列應用程式。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6083
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpass</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6084
msgid "A flexible tool for changing user database information."
msgstr "用來更改使用者資料庫資訊的工具。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6089
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6090
msgid "The command-line tool to change user passwords."
msgstr "用來更改使用者密碼的指令列工具。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6095
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6096
msgid ""
"A powerful and flexible tool for modifying all aspects of user accounts."
msgstr "用來修改使用者帳號各方面資訊強大且靈活的工具。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:6104
msgid "<command>adduser</command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6106
msgid "<primary>accounts</primary> <secondary>adding</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6110 book.translate.xml:43534
msgid "<primary><command>adduser</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6113
msgid "<primary><filename>/usr/share/skel</filename></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6116
msgid "<primary>skeleton directory</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:6120
msgid ""
"The recommended program for adding new users is "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>adduser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>. When a new user is added, this program "
"automatically updates <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/"
"group</filename>. It also creates a home directory for the new user, copies "
"in the default configuration files from <filename>/usr/share/skel</"
"filename>, and can optionally mail the new user a welcome message. This "
"utility must be run as the superuser."
msgstr ""
"建議用來新增新使用者的程式為 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>adduser</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>。當新使用者新增之後，此"
"程式會自動更新 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 以及 <filename>/etc/group</"
"filename>，這同時也會建立新使用者的家目錄 (複製 <filename>/usr/share/skel</"
"filename> 中的預設設定檔)，並且可以選擇是否要寄送歡迎訊息通知新使用者。這個工"
"具必須使用超級使用者執行。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:6130
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>adduser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> utility is interactive and walks through the steps "
"for creating a new user account. As seen in <xref linkend=\"users-modifying-"
"adduser\"/>, either input the required information or press <keycap>Return</"
"keycap> to accept the default value shown in square brackets. In this "
"example, the user has been invited into the <systemitem class=\"groupname"
"\">wheel</systemitem> group, allowing them to become the superuser with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. When finished, the utility will prompt to either create "
"another user or to exit."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>adduser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 工具採用互動的方式，只需幾個步驟便可建立新使用者帳"
"號。如 <xref linkend=\"users-modifying-adduser\"/> 所示，可輸入必填的資訊或"
"按 <keycap>Return</keycap> 鍵採用方括中的預設值。在此例當中，使用者被邀請加"
"入 <systemitem class=\"groupname\">wheel</systemitem> 群組，這讓使用者可使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 變成超級使用者。完成之後，此工具會詢問是否要建立其他的使用者或"
"離開。"

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:6142
msgid "Adding a User on FreeBSD"
msgstr "在 FreeBSD 新增使用者"

#. (itstool) path: example/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6144
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>adduser</userinput>\n"
"Username: <userinput>jru</userinput>\n"
"Full name: <userinput>J. Random User</userinput>\n"
"Uid (Leave empty for default):\n"
"Login group [jru]:\n"
"Login group is jru. Invite jru into other groups? []: <userinput>wheel</userinput>\n"
"Login class [default]:\n"
"Shell (sh csh tcsh zsh nologin) [sh]: <userinput>zsh</userinput>\n"
"Home directory [/home/jru]:\n"
"Home directory permissions (Leave empty for default):\n"
"Use password-based authentication? [yes]:\n"
"Use an empty password? (yes/no) [no]:\n"
"Use a random password? (yes/no) [no]:\n"
"Enter password:\n"
"Enter password again:\n"
"Lock out the account after creation? [no]:\n"
"Username   : jru\n"
"Password   : ****\n"
"Full Name  : J. Random User\n"
"Uid        : 1001\n"
"Class      :\n"
"Groups     : jru wheel\n"
"Home       : /home/jru\n"
"Shell      : /usr/local/bin/zsh\n"
"Locked     : no\n"
"OK? (yes/no): <userinput>yes</userinput>\n"
"adduser: INFO: Successfully added (jru) to the user database.\n"
"Add another user? (yes/no): <userinput>no</userinput>\n"
"Goodbye!\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:6177
msgid ""
"Since the password is not echoed when typed, be careful to not mistype the "
"password when creating the user account."
msgstr "由於密碼在輸入時並不會顯示，在建立使用者帳號時要小心密碼不要輸入錯誤。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:6184
msgid "<command>rmuser</command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6186
msgid "<primary><command>rmuser</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6189
msgid "<primary>accounts</primary> <secondary>removing</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:6194
msgid ""
"To completely remove a user from the system, run "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rmuser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> as the superuser. This command performs the following steps:"
msgstr ""
"要自系統完全移除一個使用者可使用超級使用者執行 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rmuser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>。這個指令會執行以下步驟："

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:6200
msgid ""
"Removes the user's <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crontab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> entry, if one exists."
msgstr ""
"移除使用者的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crontab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 項目，若項目存在。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:6205
msgid ""
"Removes any <citerefentry><refentrytitle>at</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> jobs belonging to the user."
msgstr ""
"移除任何屬於該使用者的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>at</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 工作。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:6210
msgid "Kills all processes owned by the user."
msgstr "中止所有該使用者擁有的程序。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:6214
msgid "Removes the user from the system's local password file."
msgstr "自系統本地密碼檔移除該使用者。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:6219
msgid ""
"Optionally removes the user's home directory, if it is owned by the user."
msgstr "選擇性移除該使用者的家目錄，若使用者擁有該目錄。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:6224
msgid ""
"Removes the incoming mail files belonging to the user from <filename>/var/"
"mail</filename>."
msgstr "自 <filename>/var/mail</filename> 移除屬於該使用者的收件郵件檔。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:6229
msgid ""
"Removes all files owned by the user from temporary file storage areas such "
"as <filename>/tmp</filename>."
msgstr ""
"自暫存檔儲存區域 (如 <filename>/tmp</filename>) 移除所有使用者擁有的檔案。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:6235
msgid ""
"Finally, removes the username from all groups to which it belongs in "
"<filename>/etc/group</filename>. If a group becomes empty and the group name "
"is the same as the username, the group is removed. This complements the per-"
"user unique groups created by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>adduser</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"最後，自 <filename>/etc/group</filename> 中該使用者所屬的所有群組移除該使用"
"者。若群組無任何成員且群組名稱與該使用者名稱相同，則該群組也會一併移除。這是"
"為了輔助 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>adduser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 替每位使用者建立獨一無二的群組。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:6244
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rmuser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> cannot be used to remove superuser accounts since that is "
"almost always an indication of massive destruction."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rmuser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 無法用來移除超級使用者帳號，因為這幾乎代表著大規模破壞。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:6248
msgid ""
"By default, an interactive mode is used, as shown in the following example."
msgstr "預設會使用互動式模式，如下範例所示。"

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:6252
msgid "<command>rmuser</command> Interactive Account Removal"
msgstr "<command>rmuser</command> 互動式帳號移除"

#. (itstool) path: example/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6255
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>rmuser jru</userinput>\n"
"Matching password entry:\n"
"jru:*:1001:1001::0:0:J. Random User:/home/jru:/usr/local/bin/zsh\n"
"Is this the entry you wish to remove? <userinput>y</userinput>\n"
"Remove user's home directory (/home/jru)? <userinput>y</userinput>\n"
"Removing user (jru): mailspool home passwd.\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:6266
msgid "<command>chpass</command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6268
msgid "<primary><command>chpass</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:6272
msgid ""
"Any user can use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpass</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to change their "
"default shell and personal information associated with their user account. "
"The superuser can use this utility to change additional account information "
"for any user."
msgstr ""
"任何使用者都可以使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpass</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來變更自己的預設 Shell "
"以及與自己的使用者帳號關聯的個人資訊。超級使用者可以使用這個工具更改任何使用"
"者的其他帳號資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:6277
msgid ""
"When passed no options, aside from an optional username, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpass</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> displays an editor containing user information. When the user "
"exits from the editor, the user database is updated with the new information."
msgstr ""
"除了選填的使用者名稱外，未傳入任何選項時，"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpass</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 會開啟含有使用者資訊的編輯器。當使用者自編輯器離開，便會更新新"
"的資訊到使用者資料庫。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:6283
msgid ""
"This utility will prompt for the user's password when exiting the editor, "
"unless the utility is run as the superuser."
msgstr ""
"離開編輯器時，此工具會提示使用者輸入密碼，除非使用超級使用者執行此工具。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:6288
msgid ""
"In <xref linkend=\"users-modifying-chpass-su\"/>, the superuser has typed "
"<command>chpass jru</command> and is now viewing the fields that can be "
"changed for this user. If <systemitem class=\"username\">jru</systemitem> "
"runs this command instead, only the last six fields will be displayed and "
"available for editing. This is shown in <xref linkend=\"users-modifying-"
"chpass-ru\"/>."
msgstr ""
"在 <xref linkend=\"users-modifying-chpass-su\"/> 中，超級使用者輸入了 "
"<command>chpass jru</command> 並正在檢視這個使用者可以更改的欄位。若改以 "
"<systemitem class=\"username\">jru</systemitem> 執行這個指令，只會顯示最後六"
"個欄位供編輯，如 <xref linkend=\"users-modifying-chpass-ru\"/> 所示。"

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:6297
msgid "Using <command>chpass</command> as Superuser"
msgstr "以超級使用者的身份使用 <command>chpass</command>"

#. (itstool) path: example/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6300
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#Changing user database information for jru.\n"
"Login: jru\n"
"Password: *\n"
"Uid [#]: 1001\n"
"Gid [# or name]: 1001\n"
"Change [month day year]:\n"
"Expire [month day year]:\n"
"Class:\n"
"Home directory: /home/jru\n"
"Shell: /usr/local/bin/zsh\n"
"Full Name: J. Random User\n"
"Office Location:\n"
"Office Phone:\n"
"Home Phone:\n"
"Other information:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:6318
msgid "Using <command>chpass</command> as Regular User"
msgstr "以一般使用者的身份使用 <command>chpass</command>"

#. (itstool) path: example/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6321
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#Changing user database information for jru.\n"
"Shell: /usr/local/bin/zsh\n"
"Full Name: J. Random User\n"
"Office Location:\n"
"Office Phone:\n"
"Home Phone:\n"
"Other information:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:6331
msgid ""
"The commands <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> are links to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpass</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, as are <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ypchpass</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ypchfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ypchsh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Since <acronym>NIS</"
"acronym> support is automatic, specifying the <literal>yp</literal> before "
"the command is not necessary. How to configure NIS is covered in <xref "
"linkend=\"network-servers\"/>."
msgstr ""
"指令 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 以及 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 皆連結至 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpass</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>，就如同 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ypchpass</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ypchfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 以及 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ypchsh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的關係。自從 NIS 支援自"
"動化以後，便不再需要特別加上 <literal>yp</literal>，如何設定 NIS 在<xref "
"linkend=\"network-servers\"/> 中有說明。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:6341
msgid "<command>passwd</command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6343
msgid "<primary><command>passwd</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6346
msgid "<primary>accounts</primary> <secondary>changing password</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:6351
msgid ""
"Any user can easily change their password using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. To prevent accidental or unauthorized changes, this command "
"will prompt for the user's original password before a new password can be "
"set:"
msgstr ""
"任何使用者皆可簡單的使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 更改自己的密碼。要避免"
"意外或未授權的變更，這個指令在設定新密碼之前會提示使用者輸入原來的密碼。"

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:6357
msgid "Changing Your Password"
msgstr "更改您的密碼"

#. (itstool) path: example/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6359
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>passwd</userinput>\n"
"Changing local password for jru.\n"
"Old password:\n"
"New password:\n"
"Retype new password:\n"
"passwd: updating the database...\n"
"passwd: done"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:6368
msgid ""
"The superuser can change any user's password by specifying the username when "
"running <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>. When this utility is run as the superuser, it "
"will not prompt for the user's current password. This allows the password to "
"be changed when a user cannot remember the original password."
msgstr ""
"超級使用者可以更改任何使用者的密碼透過在執行 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 時指定使用者名稱。當此工具以超級使用者執行時，將不會提示輸入使"
"用者目前的密碼，這可在使用者忘記原來的密碼時更改密碼。"

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:6376
msgid "Changing Another User's Password as the Superuser"
msgstr "以超級使用者的身份更改其他使用者的密碼"

#. (itstool) path: example/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6379
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>passwd jru</userinput>\n"
"Changing local password for jru.\n"
"New password:\n"
"Retype new password:\n"
"passwd: updating the database...\n"
"passwd: done"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:6388
msgid ""
"As with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpass</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>yppasswd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is a link to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, so <acronym>NIS</acronym> works with either command."
msgstr ""
"如同 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chpass</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>yppasswd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 連結到 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>，因此 <acronym>NIS</acronym> 在兩個指令上皆可運作。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:6395
msgid "<command>pw</command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6397 book.translate.xml:43557
msgid "<primary><command>pw</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:6401
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> utility can create, remove, modify, and display users and "
"groups. It functions as a front end to the system user and group files. "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> has a very powerful set of command line options that make it "
"suitable for use in shell scripts, but new users may find it more "
"complicated than the other commands presented in this section."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 工具可以建立、移除、修改以及顯示使用者與群組，它的功能是做為系"
"統使用者與群組檔的前端。<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 有非常強大的的指令列選"
"項集，這讓該指令非常適合用於 Shell scripts，但新的使用者可能會發現它比其他在"
"本節的指令要複雜許多。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:6412
msgid "Managing Groups"
msgstr "管理群組"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6414
msgid "<primary>groups</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6417
msgid "<primary><filename>/etc/groups</filename></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6420
msgid "<primary>accounts</primary> <secondary>groups</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6425
msgid ""
"A group is a list of users. A group is identified by its group name and "
"<acronym>GID</acronym>. In FreeBSD, the kernel uses the <acronym>UID</"
"acronym> of a process, and the list of groups it belongs to, to determine "
"what the process is allowed to do. Most of the time, the <acronym>GID</"
"acronym> of a user or process usually means the first group in the list."
msgstr ""
"群組代表一群使用者，群組可以由其群組名稱及 <acronym>GID</acronym> 來辨識。在 "
"FreeBSD，核心會使用程序的 <acronym>UID</acronym> 以及其所屬的群組清單來決定程"
"序可以做那些事。大多數情況使用者或程序的 <acronym>GID</acronym> 通常指的是清"
"單中的第一個群組。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6432
msgid ""
"The group name to <acronym>GID</acronym> mapping is listed in <filename>/etc/"
"group</filename>. This is a plain text file with four colon-delimited "
"fields. The first field is the group name, the second is the encrypted "
"password, the third the <acronym>GID</acronym>, and the fourth the comma-"
"delimited list of members. For a more complete description of the syntax, "
"refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"群組名稱與 <acronym>GID</acronym> 的對應表列在 <filename>/etc/group</"
"filename>。這個純文字檔案使用了四個以冒號分隔的欄位，第一個欄位為群組名稱，第"
"二個欄位為加密後的密碼，第二個欄位為 <acronym>GID</acronym> 以及第四個欄位為"
"以逗號分隔的成員清單。要取得更完整的語法說明，請參考 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6440
msgid ""
"The superuser can modify <filename>/etc/group</filename> using a text "
"editor. Alternatively, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> can be used to add and "
"edit groups. For example, to add a group called <systemitem class=\"groupname"
"\">teamtwo</systemitem> and then confirm that it exists:"
msgstr ""
"超級使用者可以使用文字編輯器修改 <filename>/etc/group</filename>，或者可使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 加入與編輯群組。例如，要加入一個叫做 <systemitem class="
"\"groupname\">teamtwo</systemitem> 的群組然後確認該群組已新增："

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:6447
msgid ""
"Adding a Group Using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 新增群組"

#. (itstool) path: example/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6449
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pw groupadd teamtwo</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pw groupshow teamtwo</userinput>\n"
"teamtwo:*:1100:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6454
msgid ""
"In this example, <literal>1100</literal> is the <acronym>GID</acronym> of "
"<systemitem class=\"groupname\">teamtwo</systemitem>. Right now, <systemitem "
"class=\"groupname\">teamtwo</systemitem> has no members. This command will "
"add <systemitem class=\"username\">jru</systemitem> as a member of "
"<systemitem class=\"groupname\">teamtwo</systemitem>."
msgstr ""
"在本例中，<literal>1100</literal> 是 <systemitem class=\"groupname"
"\">teamtwo</systemitem> 的 <acronym>GID</acronym>。目前 <systemitem class="
"\"groupname\">teamtwo</systemitem> 沒有任何成員，這個指令會加入 <systemitem "
"class=\"username\">jru</systemitem> 作為 <systemitem class=\"groupname"
"\">teamtwo</systemitem> 的成員。"

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:6463
msgid ""
"Adding User Accounts to a New Group Using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 加入使用者帳號到新的群組"

#. (itstool) path: example/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6466
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pw groupmod teamtwo -M jru</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pw groupshow teamtwo</userinput>\n"
"teamtwo:*:1100:jru"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6471
msgid ""
"The argument to <option>-M</option> is a comma-delimited list of users to be "
"added to a new (empty) group or to replace the members of an existing group. "
"To the user, this group membership is different from (and in addition to) "
"the user's primary group listed in the password file. This means that the "
"user will not show up as a member when using <option>groupshow</option> with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, but will show up when the information is queried via "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> or a similar tool. When <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is used to add a user "
"to a group, it only manipulates <filename>/etc/group</filename> and does not "
"attempt to read additional data from <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>."
msgstr ""
"給 <option>-M</option> 的參數是以逗號分隔的使用者清單，用來加入成員到新的 (空"
"的) 群組或取代既有群組中的成員。對使用者來說這裡的群組成員與使用者列於密碼檔"
"的主要群組不同 (額外的)，這代表在 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 使用 "
"<option>groupshow</option> 時不會顯示做為使用者主要群組的成員，但會顯示在使"
"用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 或同類工具所查詢的資訊當中。當使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 來加入使用者到某個群組，該指令只會處理 <filename>/etc/group</"
"filename> 且不會嘗試自 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 讀取其他的資料。"

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:6485
msgid ""
"Adding a New Member to a Group Using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 加入新成員到群組"

#. (itstool) path: example/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6487
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pw groupmod teamtwo -m db</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pw groupshow teamtwo</userinput>\n"
"teamtwo:*:1100:jru,db"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6492
msgid ""
"In this example, the argument to <option>-m</option> is a comma-delimited "
"list of users who are to be added to the group. Unlike the previous example, "
"these users are appended to the group and do not replace existing users in "
"the group."
msgstr ""
"在本例當中，給 <option>-m</option> 的參數是以逗號分隔的使用者清單，用來加入使"
"用者到群組。不像前面的例子，這些使用者會加入到群組，而非取代既有群組中的使用"
"者。"

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:6499
msgid ""
"Using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to Determine Group Membership"
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來查看所屬群組"

#. (itstool) path: example/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6501
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>id jru</userinput>\n"
"uid=1001(jru) gid=1001(jru) groups=1001(jru), 1100(teamtwo)"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6505
msgid ""
"In this example, <systemitem class=\"username\">jru</systemitem> is a member "
"of the groups <systemitem class=\"groupname\">jru</systemitem> and "
"<systemitem class=\"groupname\">teamtwo</systemitem>."
msgstr ""
"在本例中，<systemitem class=\"username\">jru</systemitem> 是群組 <systemitem "
"class=\"groupname\">jru</systemitem> 以及 <systemitem class=\"groupname"
"\">teamtwo</systemitem> 的成員。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6510
msgid ""
"For more information about this command and the format of <filename>/etc/"
"group</filename>, refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"要取得更多有關此指令的資訊及 <filename>/etc/group</filename> 的格式，請參考 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 以及 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:6517
msgid "Permissions"
msgstr "權限"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6519
msgid "<primary>UNIX</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:6523
msgid ""
"In FreeBSD, every file and directory has an associated set of permissions "
"and several utilities are available for viewing and modifying these "
"permissions. Understanding how permissions work is necessary to make sure "
"that users are able to access the files that they need and are unable to "
"improperly access the files used by the operating system or owned by other "
"users."
msgstr ""
"在 FreeBSD 中，每個檔案與目都有相關聯的數個權限，且有許多工具可以檢視與修改這"
"些權限。了解權限如何運作是必須的，這可確保使用者能夠存存取它們所需的檔案以及"
"無法不正確的存取供作業系統或其他使用者擁有的檔案。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:6531
msgid ""
"This section discusses the traditional <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</"
"trademark> permissions used in FreeBSD. For finer grained file system access "
"control, refer to <xref linkend=\"fs-acl\"/>."
msgstr ""
"本節會探討在 FreeBSD 中所用到的傳統 <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</"
"trademark> 權限。要做檔案系統存取控制的微調，請參考 <xref linkend=\"fs-acl\"/"
">。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:6535
msgid ""
"In <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>, basic permissions are "
"assigned using three types of access: read, write, and execute. These access "
"types are used to determine file access to the file's owner, group, and "
"others (everyone else). The read, write, and execute permissions can be "
"represented as the letters <literal>r</literal>, <literal>w</literal>, and "
"<literal>x</literal>. They can also be represented as binary numbers as each "
"permission is either on or off (<literal>0</literal>). When represented as a "
"number, the order is always read as <literal>rwx</literal>, where "
"<literal>r</literal> has an on value of <literal>4</literal>, <literal>w</"
"literal> has an on value of <literal>2</literal> and <literal>x</literal> "
"has an on value of <literal>1</literal>."
msgstr ""
"在 <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>，基礎權限透過三種類型的存"
"取來分配：讀取、寫入與執行。這些存取類型用來決定檔案擁有者、群組以及其他人 "
"(其他任何人) 的檔案存取權。讀取、寫入及執行權限可使用 <literal>r</literal>, "
"<literal>w</literal>, and <literal>x</literal> 字母來表示。這些權限也可以使用"
"二進位數字來表示每種權限的開或關 (<literal>0</literal>)。當以二進位數字來表示"
"時，閱讀的順序為 <literal>rwx</literal>，其中 <literal>r</literal> 開啟的值"
"為 <literal>4</literal>，<literal>w</literal> 開啟的值為 <literal>2</"
"literal> 以及 <literal>x</literal> 開啟的值為 <literal>1</literal>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:6550
msgid ""
"Table 4.1 summarizes the possible numeric and alphabetic possibilities. When "
"reading the <quote>Directory Listing</quote> column, a <literal>-</literal> "
"is used to represent a permission that is set to off."
msgstr ""
"表格 4.1 摘要了可用的數字及可用的字母。當閱讀 <quote>目錄清單標示</quote> 欄"
"位時，<literal>-</literal> 用來代表該權限設為關閉。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6555
msgid "<primary>permissions</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6558
msgid "<primary>file permissions</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: table/title
#: book.translate.xml:6563
msgid "<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> Permissions"
msgstr "<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 權限"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6568
msgid "Value"
msgstr "數值"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6569
msgid "Permission"
msgstr "權限"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6570
msgid "Directory Listing"
msgstr "目錄清單標示"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6576
msgid "0"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6577
msgid "No read, no write, no execute"
msgstr "不可讀取, 不可寫入, 不可執行"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6578
msgid "<literal>---</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6582 book.translate.xml:47032 book.translate.xml:47054
#: book.translate.xml:47144
msgid "1"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6583
msgid "No read, no write, execute"
msgstr "不可讀取, 不可寫入, 可執行"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6584
msgid "<literal>--x</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6588 book.translate.xml:46924 book.translate.xml:46934
#: book.translate.xml:47006 book.translate.xml:47016 book.translate.xml:47096
#: book.translate.xml:47098
msgid "2"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6589
msgid "No read, write, no execute"
msgstr "不可讀取, 可寫入, 不可執行"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6590
msgid "<literal>-w-</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6594 book.translate.xml:46926 book.translate.xml:46932
#: book.translate.xml:47008 book.translate.xml:47014 book.translate.xml:47104
#: book.translate.xml:47106
msgid "3"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6595
msgid "No read, write, execute"
msgstr "不可讀取, 可寫入, 可執行"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6596
msgid "<literal>-wx</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6600 book.translate.xml:46940 book.translate.xml:46950
#: book.translate.xml:47022 book.translate.xml:47030 book.translate.xml:47048
#: book.translate.xml:47056 book.translate.xml:47112 book.translate.xml:47120
#: book.translate.xml:47162
msgid "4"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6601
msgid "Read, no write, no execute"
msgstr "可讀取, 不可寫入, 不可執行"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6602
msgid "<literal>r--</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6606 book.translate.xml:46942 book.translate.xml:46948
#: book.translate.xml:47038 book.translate.xml:47040 book.translate.xml:47128
#: book.translate.xml:47154
msgid "5"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6607
msgid "Read, no write, execute"
msgstr "可讀取, 不可寫入, 可執行"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6608
msgid "<literal>r-x</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6612 book.translate.xml:46958 book.translate.xml:46972
#: book.translate.xml:47024 book.translate.xml:47046 book.translate.xml:47114
#: book.translate.xml:47136
msgid "6"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6613
msgid "Read, write, no execute"
msgstr "可讀取, 可寫入, 不可執行"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6614
msgid "<literal>rw-</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6618 book.translate.xml:46916 book.translate.xml:46918
#: book.translate.xml:47062 book.translate.xml:47072 book.translate.xml:47130
#: book.translate.xml:47152
msgid "7"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6619
msgid "Read, write, execute"
msgstr "可讀取, 可寫入, 可執行"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6620
msgid "<literal>rwx</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6626
msgid ""
"<primary><citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6629
msgid "<primary>directories</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:6633
msgid ""
"Use the <option>-l</option> argument to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to view a long "
"directory listing that includes a column of information about a file's "
"permissions for the owner, group, and everyone else. For example, a "
"<command>ls -l</command> in an arbitrary directory may show:"
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 指令時，可以加上 <option>-l</option> 參數， 來檢視"
"詳細的目錄清單。 清單中欄位的資訊包含檔案對所有者、群組及其他人的權限。 在任"
"一個目錄底下執行 <command>ls -l</command>，會顯示如下的結果："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6639
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>ls -l</userinput>\n"
"total 530\n"
"-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel     512 Sep  5 12:31 myfile\n"
"-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel     512 Sep  5 12:31 otherfile\n"
"-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel    7680 Sep  5 12:31 email.txt"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:6645
msgid ""
"The first (leftmost) character in the first column indicates whether this "
"file is a regular file, a directory, a special character device, a socket, "
"or any other special pseudo-file device. In this example, the <literal>-</"
"literal> indicates a regular file. The next three characters, <literal>rw-</"
"literal> in this example, give the permissions for the owner of the file. "
"The next three characters, <literal>r--</literal>, give the permissions for "
"the group that the file belongs to. The final three characters, <literal>r--"
"</literal>, give the permissions for the rest of the world. A dash means "
"that the permission is turned off. In this example, the permissions are set "
"so the owner can read and write to the file, the group can read the file, "
"and the rest of the world can only read the file. According to the table "
"above, the permissions for this file would be <literal>644</literal>, where "
"each digit represents the three parts of the file's permission."
msgstr ""
"第一個 (最左邊) 的字元用來表示這個檔案的類型為何，除標準檔案以外，尚有目錄、"
"特殊字元裝置、Socket 及其他特殊虛擬檔案裝置， 在此例當中，<literal>-</"
"literal> 表示該檔案為一個標準的檔案。 範例中接下來的三個字元中，<literal>rw-"
"</literal> 代表所有者對檔案擁有的權限。 再接下來的三個字元， <literal>r--</"
"literal> 則代表群組對檔案擁有的權限， 最後三個字元，<literal>r--</literal> 則"
"代表其他人對檔案擁有的權限。 破折號 (-) 表示沒有權限，範例中的這個檔案的權"
"限， 只允許所有者讀取、寫入檔案，群組以及其他人僅能讀取檔案。 根據以上的表"
"格，此種權限的檔案可以使用 <literal>644</literal> 來表示， 每組數字分別代表檔"
"案的三種權限。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:6662
msgid ""
"How does the system control permissions on devices? FreeBSD treats most "
"hardware devices as a file that programs can open, read, and write data to. "
"These special device files are stored in <filename>/dev/</filename>."
msgstr ""
"那系統如何控制裝置的權限？ 實際上 FreeBSD 對大多的硬碟裝置就如同檔案，程式可"
"以開啟、讀取以及寫入資料如一般檔案。 這些特殊裝置檔案都儲存於 <filename>/dev/"
"</filename> 目錄中。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:6667
msgid ""
"Directories are also treated as files. They have read, write, and execute "
"permissions. The executable bit for a directory has a slightly different "
"meaning than that of files. When a directory is marked executable, it means "
"it is possible to change into that directory using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. This also means that it is possible to access the files "
"within that directory, subject to the permissions on the files themselves."
msgstr ""
"目錄也同如檔案，擁有讀取、寫入及執行的權限， 但在執行權限上與檔案有明顯的差"
"異。 當目錄被標示為可執行時，代表可以使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 指令切換進入該目錄。 也"
"代表能夠存取在此目錄之中的已知檔名的檔案，但仍會受限於檔案本身所設定的權限。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:6676
msgid ""
"In order to perform a directory listing, the read permission must be set on "
"the directory. In order to delete a file that one knows the name of, it is "
"necessary to have write <emphasis>and</emphasis> execute permissions to the "
"directory containing the file."
msgstr ""
"要能夠列出目錄內容，必須擁有目錄的讀取權限。 要刪除已知檔名的檔案，必須擁有檔"
"案所在目錄的寫入 <emphasis>以及</emphasis> 執行的權限。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:6682
msgid ""
"There are more permission bits, but they are primarily used in special "
"circumstances such as setuid binaries and sticky directories. For more "
"information on file permissions and how to set them, refer to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"還有一些權限位元，但這些權限主要在特殊情況使用，如 setuid 執行檔及 sticky 目"
"錄。 如果您還想知道更多檔案權限的資訊及使用方法，請務必參閱 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:6689
msgid "Symbolic Permissions"
msgstr "權限符號"

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:6692 book.translate.xml:6827 book.translate.xml:6878
#: book.translate.xml:19214 book.translate.xml:19321 book.translate.xml:19499
#: book.translate.xml:20618 book.translate.xml:21137 book.translate.xml:23386
#: book.translate.xml:33823 book.translate.xml:65535
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Tom</firstname> <surname>Rhodes</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:6702
msgid "<primary>permissions</primary> <secondary>symbolic</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6707
msgid ""
"Symbolic permissions use characters instead of octal values to assign "
"permissions to files or directories. Symbolic permissions use the syntax of "
"(who) (action) (permissions), where the following values are available:"
msgstr ""
"權限符號可稱做符號表示，使用字元的方式來取代使用數值來設定檔案或目錄的權限。 "
"符號表示的格式依序為 (某人)(動作)(權限)，可使用的符號如下："

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6717 book.translate.xml:23112
msgid "Option"
msgstr "項目"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6718
msgid "Letter"
msgstr "字母"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6719
msgid "Represents"
msgstr "代表意義"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6725 book.translate.xml:6731 book.translate.xml:6737
#: book.translate.xml:6743
msgid "(who)"
msgstr "(某人)"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6726
msgid "u"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6727
msgid "User"
msgstr "使用者"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6732
msgid "g"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6733
msgid "Group owner"
msgstr "群組所有者"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6738
msgid "o"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6739
msgid "Other"
msgstr "其他"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6744
msgid "a"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6745
msgid "All (<quote>world</quote>)"
msgstr "全部 (<quote>world</quote>)"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6749 book.translate.xml:6755 book.translate.xml:6761
msgid "(action)"
msgstr "(動作)"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6750 book.translate.xml:31374 book.translate.xml:39163
msgid "+"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6751
msgid "Adding permissions"
msgstr "\t增加權限"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6756 book.translate.xml:31379 book.translate.xml:39168
msgid "-"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6757
msgid "Removing permissions"
msgstr "移除權限"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6762
msgid "="
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6763
msgid "Explicitly set permissions"
msgstr "指定權限"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6767 book.translate.xml:6773 book.translate.xml:6779
#: book.translate.xml:6785 book.translate.xml:6791
msgid "(permissions)"
msgstr "(權限)"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6768
msgid "r"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6769
msgid "Read"
msgstr "讀取"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6774
msgid "w"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6775
msgid "Write"
msgstr "寫入"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6780
msgid "x"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6781
msgid "Execute"
msgstr "執行"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6786
msgid "t"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6787
msgid "Sticky bit"
msgstr "Sticky 位元"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6792
msgid "s"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:6793
msgid "Set UID or GID"
msgstr "設定 UID 或 GID"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6799
msgid ""
"These values are used with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, but with letters "
"instead of numbers. For example, the following command would block other "
"users from accessing <replaceable>FILE</replaceable>:"
msgstr ""
"如先前同樣使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 指令來設定，但使用的參"
"數為這些字元。 例如，您可以使用下列指令禁止其他使用者存取檔案 "
"<replaceable>FILE</replaceable>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6804
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>chmod go= FILE</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6806
msgid ""
"A comma separated list can be provided when more than one set of changes to "
"a file must be made. For example, the following command removes the group "
"and <quote>world</quote> write permission on <replaceable>FILE</"
"replaceable>, and adds the execute permissions for everyone:"
msgstr ""
"若有兩個以上的符號表示可以使用逗號 (,) 區隔。 例如，下列指令將會移除群組及其"
"他人對檔案 <replaceable>FILE</replaceable> 的寫入權限， 並使全部人 "
"(<quote>world</quote>) 對該檔有執行權限。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6813
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>chmod go-w,a+x <replaceable>FILE</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:6824
msgid "FreeBSD File Flags"
msgstr "FreeBSD 檔案旗標"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6837
msgid ""
"In addition to file permissions, FreeBSD supports the use of <quote>file "
"flags</quote>. These flags add an additional level of security and control "
"over files, but not directories. With file flags, even <systemitem class="
"\"username\">root</systemitem> can be prevented from removing or altering "
"files."
msgstr ""
"除了前面提到的檔案權限外，FreeBSD 支援使用 <quote>檔案旗標</quote>。 這些旗標"
"增加了檔案的安全性及管理性，但不包含目錄。有了檔案旗標可確保在某些時候 "
"<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 不會意外將檔案修改或移除。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6844
msgid ""
"File flags are modified using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chflags</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For example, to "
"enable the system undeletable flag on the file <filename>file1</filename>, "
"issue the following command:"
msgstr ""
"修改的檔案 flag 僅需要使用擁有簡易的介面的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chflags</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 工具。 例如，標示系統禁止刪除的旗標於檔案 "
"<filename>file1</filename>，使用下列指令："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6849
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chflags sunlink file1</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6851
msgid ""
"To disable the system undeletable flag, put a <quote>no</quote> in front of "
"the <option>sunlink</option>:"
msgstr ""
"若要移除系統禁止刪除的旗標，只需要簡單在 <option>sunlink</option> 前加上 "
"<quote>no</quote>，例如："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6855
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chflags nosunlink file1</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6857
msgid ""
"To view the flags of a file, use <option>-lo</option> with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>:"
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 及參數 <option>-lo</option> 可檢視檔案目前的旗標："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6860
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>ls -lo file1</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:6862
#, no-wrap
msgid "-rw-r--r--  1 trhodes  trhodes  sunlnk 0 Mar  1 05:54 file1"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6864
msgid ""
"Several file flags may only be added or removed by the <systemitem class="
"\"username\">root</systemitem> user. In other cases, the file owner may set "
"its file flags. Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chflags</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chflags</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information."
msgstr ""
"多數的旗標僅能由 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 使用者來標"
"示或移除，而部份旗標可由檔案所有者設定。 我們建議系統管理者可閱讀 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chflags</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 及 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chflags</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> 說明以瞭解相關細節。"

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:6873
msgid ""
"The <literal>setuid</literal>, <literal>setgid</literal>, and "
"<literal>sticky</literal> Permissions"
msgstr ""
"<literal>setuid</literal> 、<literal>setgid</literal> 與 <literal>sticky</"
"literal> 權限"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6888
msgid ""
"Other than the permissions already discussed, there are three other specific "
"settings that all administrators should know about. They are the "
"<literal>setuid</literal>, <literal>setgid</literal>, and <literal>sticky</"
"literal> permissions."
msgstr ""
"除了已經探討過的權限外，這裡尚有另外三種特別的設定所有管理者都應該知道，這些"
"設定為 <literal>setuid</literal>, <literal>setgid</literal> 以及 "
"<literal>sticky</literal> 權限。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6894
msgid ""
"These settings are important for some <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</"
"trademark> operations as they provide functionality not normally granted to "
"normal users. To understand them, the difference between the real user ID "
"and effective user ID must be noted."
msgstr ""
"這些設定對某些一般不會授權給一般使用者的 <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">UNIX</trademark> 操作非常重要，它讓這些功能可運作。要了解這些權限，就必須"
"說明真實使用者 ID (Real user ID) 與有效使用者 ID (Effective user ID) 的差異。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6899
msgid ""
"The real user ID is the <acronym>UID</acronym> who owns or starts the "
"process. The effective <acronym>UID</acronym> is the user ID the process "
"runs as. As an example, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> runs with the real "
"user ID when a user changes their password. However, in order to update the "
"password database, the command runs as the effective ID of the <systemitem "
"class=\"username\">root</systemitem> user. This allows users to change their "
"passwords without seeing a <errorname>Permission Denied</errorname> error."
msgstr ""
"真實使用者 ID 即是擁有者或啟動程序者的 <acronym>UID</acronym>，而有效 "
"<acronym>UID</acronym> 是執行程序所使用的使用者 ID。例如，"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 在使用者更改自己的密碼時會以真實使用者 ID 執行，然而，為了要更"
"新密碼資料庫，該指令必須以 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> "
"使用者做為有效 ID 來執行，這讓使用者可以更改自己的密碼而不會遇到權限不足 "
"(<errorname>Permission Denied</errorname>) 的錯誤。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6909
msgid ""
"The setuid permission may be set by prefixing a permission set with the "
"number four (4) as shown in the following example:"
msgstr "setuid 權限可以透過在權限集前加上數字 (4) 來設定，如下範例所示："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6913
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chmod 4755 suidexample.sh</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6915
msgid ""
"The permissions on <filename><replaceable>suidexample.sh</replaceable></"
"filename> now look like the following:"
msgstr ""
"現在 <filename><replaceable>suidexample.sh</replaceable></filename> 的權限會"
"如下所示："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:6919
#, no-wrap
msgid "-rwsr-xr-x   1 trhodes  trhodes    63 Aug 29 06:36 suidexample.sh"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6921
msgid ""
"Note that a <literal>s</literal> is now part of the permission set "
"designated for the file owner, replacing the executable bit. This allows "
"utilities which need elevated permissions, such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"注意，<literal>s</literal> 現在取代了原來的執行位元成為指定檔案擁有者權限集的"
"一部份，這會允許須要提升權限的工具，如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 可正常使用。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:6927
msgid ""
"The <literal>nosuid</literal> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> option will cause such "
"binaries to silently fail without alerting the user. That option is not "
"completely reliable as a <literal>nosuid</literal> wrapper may be able to "
"circumvent it."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的 <literal>nosuid</literal> 選項會造成這類 Binary 執行失敗，但"
"不會警告使用者。由於 <literal>nosuid</literal> Wrapper 可能可繞過該選項，因此"
"該選項並非完全可靠。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6934
msgid ""
"To view this in real time, open two terminals. On one, type <command>passwd</"
"command> as a normal user. While it waits for a new password, check the "
"process table and look at the user information for "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>:"
msgstr ""
"實際來看這個範例，先開啟兩個終端機，其中一個用一般使用者輸入 "
"<command>passwd</command>。在等待輸入新密碼的同時，檢查程序表並查看 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 程序的使用者資訊："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6940
msgid "In terminal A:"
msgstr "於終端機 A："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6942
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Changing local password for trhodes\n"
"Old Password:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6945
msgid "In terminal B:"
msgstr "於終端機 B："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6947
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>ps aux | grep passwd</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6949
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"trhodes  5232  0.0  0.2  3420  1608   0  R+    2:10AM   0:00.00 grep passwd\n"
"root     5211  0.0  0.2  3620  1724   2  I+    2:09AM   0:00.01 passwd"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6952
msgid ""
"Although <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> is run as a normal user, it is using the effective "
"<acronym>UID</acronym> of <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>."
msgstr ""
"雖然使用一般使用者來執行 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>，但該程序使用了 "
"<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 的有效 <acronym>UID</"
"acronym>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6956
msgid ""
"The <literal>setgid</literal> permission performs the same function as the "
"<literal>setuid</literal> permission; except that it alters the group "
"settings. When an application or utility executes with this setting, it will "
"be granted the permissions based on the group that owns the file, not the "
"user who started the process."
msgstr ""
"<literal>setgid</literal> 權限的功能與 <literal>setuid</literal> 相似，當應用"
"程式或工具使用此設定執行時，將會以擁有該檔案的群組來執行，而非執行行該程序的"
"使用者。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6963
msgid ""
"To set the <literal>setgid</literal> permission on a file, provide "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> with a leading two (2):"
msgstr ""
"要在檔案設定 <literal>setgid</literal> 權限，需在 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的參數前加上 (2)："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6966
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chmod 2755 sgidexample.sh</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6968
msgid ""
"In the following listing, notice that the <literal>s</literal> is now in the "
"field designated for the group permission settings:"
msgstr "注意以下清單中，<literal>s</literal> 現在位於指定群組權限設定的欄位："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6972
#, no-wrap
msgid "-rwxr-sr-x   1 trhodes  trhodes    44 Aug 31 01:49 sgidexample.sh"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:6975
msgid ""
"In these examples, even though the shell script in question is an executable "
"file, it will not run with a different <acronym>EUID</acronym> or effective "
"user ID. This is because shell scripts may not access the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> system calls."
msgstr ""
"在以上這些範例中，雖然在例子中的 Shell script 是可執行的檔案，但並不會以其他"
"的 <acronym>EUID</acronym> 或有效使用者 ID 執行，這是因為 Shell script 並不會"
"存取 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 系統呼叫 (System call)。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6982
msgid ""
"The <literal>setuid</literal> and <literal>setgid</literal> permission bits "
"may lower system security, by allowing for elevated permissions. The third "
"special permission, the <literal>sticky bit</literal>, can strengthen the "
"security of a system."
msgstr ""
"<literal>setuid</literal> 及 <literal>setgid</literal> 權限位元可能會因允許提"
"升權限而降低系統的安全性，因此有了第三個特殊的權限：<literal>sticky bit</"
"literal>，可以加強系統的安全性。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6988
msgid ""
"When the <literal>sticky bit</literal> is set on a directory, it allows file "
"deletion only by the file owner. This is useful to prevent file deletion in "
"public directories, such as <filename>/tmp</filename>, by users who do not "
"own the file. To utilize this permission, prefix the permission set with a "
"one (1):"
msgstr ""
"當在目錄上設定 <literal>sticky bit</literal>，將只允許由檔案擁有者刪除檔案。"
"這對避免公開目錄，如 <filename>/tmp</filename> 中的檔案被不擁有該檔案的人刪除"
"非常有用。要使用這個權限，可在權限集前加上 (1)："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:6995
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chmod 1777 /tmp</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:6997
msgid ""
"The <literal>sticky bit</literal> permission will display as a <literal>t</"
"literal> at the very end of the permission set:"
msgstr ""
"<literal>sticky bit</literal> 權限會以 <literal>t</literal> 顯示於權限集的最"
"後："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:7001
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>ls -al / | grep tmp</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:7003
#, no-wrap
msgid "drwxrwxrwt  10 root  wheel         512 Aug 31 01:49 tmp"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:7009
msgid "Directory Structure"
msgstr "目錄結構"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:7011
msgid "<primary>directory hierarchy</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7015
msgid ""
"The FreeBSD directory hierarchy is fundamental to obtaining an overall "
"understanding of the system. The most important directory is root or, "
"<quote>/</quote>. This directory is the first one mounted at boot time and "
"it contains the base system necessary to prepare the operating system for "
"multi-user operation. The root directory also contains mount points for "
"other file systems that are mounted during the transition to multi-user "
"operation."
msgstr ""
"認識 FreeBSD 的目錄架構，就可對系統有概略的基礎理解。 最重要的莫過於整個目錄"
"的根目錄，就是 <quote>/</quote> 目錄， 該目錄會在開機時最先掛載 (mount)，裡面"
"會有開機所會用到必備檔案。 此外，根目錄還有紀錄其他檔案系統的掛載點相關設定。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7024
msgid ""
"A mount point is a directory where additional file systems can be grafted "
"onto a parent file system (usually the root file system). This is further "
"described in <xref linkend=\"disk-organization\"/>. Standard mount points "
"include <filename>/usr/</filename>, <filename>/var/</filename>, <filename>/"
"tmp/</filename>, <filename>/mnt/</filename>, and <filename>/cdrom/</"
"filename>. These directories are usually referenced to entries in <filename>/"
"etc/fstab</filename>. This file is a table of various file systems and mount "
"points and is read by the system. Most of the file systems in <filename>/etc/"
"fstab</filename> are mounted automatically at boot time from the script "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> unless their entry includes <option>noauto</option>. Details "
"can be found in <xref linkend=\"disks-fstab\"/>."
msgstr ""
"「掛載點」就是讓新增的檔案系統，能接到上層的檔案系統 (通常就是「根目錄」檔案"
"系統) 的目錄。 在 <xref linkend=\"disk-organization\"/> 這邊對此有更詳細介"
"紹。 標準的掛載點包括了 <filename>/usr/</filename>, <filename>/var/</"
"filename>, <filename>/tmp/</filename>, <filename>/mnt/</filename> 以及 "
"<filename>/cdrom/</filename>。 這些目錄通常會記錄在 <filename>/etc/fstab</"
"filename> 設定檔內。 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> 是記錄各檔案系統及相關掛"
"載點的表格。 大部分在 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> 有記錄的檔案系統，會在"
"開機時由 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> Script 來自動掛載，除非它們有設定 <option>noauto</"
"option> 選項。 其中細節說明可參閱 <xref linkend=\"disks-fstab\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7039
msgid ""
"A complete description of the file system hierarchy is available in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hier</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. The following table provides a brief overview of the most "
"common directories."
msgstr ""
"有關檔案系統架構的完整說明可參閱 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hier</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>。 現在呢，讓我們大致先"
"一窺常見的目錄有哪些吧。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:7048 book.translate.xml:10908
msgid "Directory"
msgstr "目錄"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7055
msgid "Root directory of the file system."
msgstr "檔案系統的根目錄。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7059
msgid "<filename>/bin/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7060
msgid ""
"User utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments."
msgstr ""
"單使用者 (Single-user)、多使用者 (Multi-user) 兩種模式皆可使用的基本工具 。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7065
msgid "<filename>/boot/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7066
msgid ""
"Programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap."
msgstr "作業系統開機過程會用到的程式、設定檔。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7071
msgid "<filename>/boot/defaults/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7072
msgid ""
"Default boot configuration files. Refer to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>loader.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for details."
msgstr ""
"預設的開機啟動設定檔，詳情請參閱 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loader.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7077
msgid "<filename>/dev/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7078
msgid ""
"Device nodes. Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details."
msgstr ""
"裝置節點 (Device node)，詳情請參閱 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7083
msgid "<filename>/etc/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7084
msgid "System configuration files and scripts."
msgstr "系統設定檔及一些 Script 檔。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7088
msgid "<filename>/etc/defaults/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7089
msgid ""
"Default system configuration files. Refer to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> for details."
msgstr ""
"預設的系統設定檔，詳情請參閱 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7094
msgid "<filename>/etc/mail/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7095
msgid ""
"Configuration files for mail transport agents such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sendmail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"郵件傳輸代理程式，像是 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sendmail</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的相關設定檔。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7100
msgid "<filename>/etc/periodic/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7101
msgid ""
"Scripts that run daily, weekly, and monthly, via "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>periodic</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details."
msgstr ""
"每日、每週、每月透過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>，執行的定期排程 "
"Script，詳情請參閱 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>periodic</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7107
msgid "<filename>/etc/ppp/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7108
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> configuration files."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ppp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 設定檔。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7112
msgid "<filename>/mnt/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7113
msgid ""
"Empty directory commonly used by system administrators as a temporary mount "
"point."
msgstr "系統管理者慣用充當臨時掛載點的空目錄。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7118
msgid "<filename>/proc/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7119
msgid ""
"Process file system. Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>procfs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount_procfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for details."
msgstr ""
"程序 (Process) 檔案系統，詳情請參閱 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>procfs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 及 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount_procfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7124
msgid "<filename>/rescue/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7125
msgid ""
"Statically linked programs for emergency recovery as described in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rescue</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"緊急救援用途的一些靜態連結 (Statically linked) 的程式，詳情請參閱 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rescue</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7130
msgid "<filename>/root/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7131
msgid ""
"Home directory for the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> "
"account."
msgstr "<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 帳號的家目錄。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7137
msgid "<filename>/sbin/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7138
msgid ""
"System programs and administration utilities fundamental to both single-user "
"and multi-user environments."
msgstr ""
"供單使用者 (Single-user) 及多使用者 (Multi-user) 環境使用的系統程式及管理工"
"具 。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7144
msgid "<filename>/tmp/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7145
msgid ""
"Temporary files which are usually <emphasis>not</emphasis> preserved across "
"a system reboot. A memory-based file system is often mounted at <filename>/"
"tmp</filename>. This can be automated using the tmpmfs-related variables of "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> or with an entry in <filename>/etc/fstab</"
"filename>; refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mdmfs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details."
msgstr ""
"臨時檔案。 一般而言，重開機之後 /tmp 內的東西會被<emphasis>清除</emphasis>"
"掉。 而通常會將以記憶體為基礎 (Memory-based) 的檔案系統掛載在 <filename>/"
"tmp</filename> 上。 這些瑣事可透過 tmpmfs 相關的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 環境變數來自動完成 。(或是在 <filename>/etc/fstab</"
"filename> 內做設定， 詳情請參閱 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mdmfs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>)。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7155
msgid "<filename>/usr/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7156
msgid "The majority of user utilities and applications."
msgstr "主要是使用者所安裝的工具程式、應用程式存放處。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7161
msgid "<filename>/usr/bin/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7162
msgid "Common utilities, programming tools, and applications."
msgstr "常用工具、開發工具、應用軟體。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7167
msgid "<filename>/usr/include/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7168
msgid "Standard C include files."
msgstr "標準 C include 檔案。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7172
msgid "<filename>/usr/lib/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7173
msgid "Archive libraries."
msgstr "程式庫存放處。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7178
msgid "<filename>/usr/libdata/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7179
msgid "Miscellaneous utility data files."
msgstr "其他各式工具的資料檔。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7183
msgid "<filename>/usr/libexec/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7184
msgid "System daemons and system utilities executed by other programs."
msgstr "系統 Daemon 及系統工具程式 (透過其他程式來執行)。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7189
msgid "<filename>/usr/local/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7190
msgid ""
"Local executables and libraries. Also used as the default destination for "
"the FreeBSD ports framework. Within <filename>/usr/local</filename>, the "
"general layout sketched out by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hier</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> for <filename>/usr</"
"filename> should be used. Exceptions are the man directory, which is "
"directly under <filename>/usr/local</filename> rather than under <filename>/"
"usr/local/share</filename>, and the ports documentation is in "
"<filename>share/doc/<replaceable>port</replaceable></filename>."
msgstr ""
"存放一些自行安裝的執行檔、程式庫等等。 同時，也是 FreeBSD Port 架構的預設安裝"
"目錄。 <filename>/usr/local</filename> 內的目錄架構大致與 <filename>/usr</"
"filename> 相同，詳情請參閱 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hier</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> 說明。 但 man 目錄例"
"外，它們是直接放在 <filename>/usr/local</filename> 底下，而非 <filename>/usr/"
"local/share</filename>，而 Port 所安裝的說明文件則在 <filename>share/doc/"
"<replaceable>port</replaceable></filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7203
msgid "<filename>/usr/obj/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7204
msgid ""
"Architecture-specific target tree produced by building the <filename>/usr/"
"src</filename> tree."
msgstr "在編譯 <filename>/usr/src</filename> 目錄時所產生的相關架構目地檔。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7210
msgid "<filename>/usr/ports/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7211
msgid "The FreeBSD Ports Collection (optional)."
msgstr "FreeBSD Port 套件集 (選用)。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7215
msgid "<filename>/usr/sbin/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7216
msgid "System daemons and system utilities executed by users."
msgstr "由使用者執行的系統 Daemon 及系統工具。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7221
msgid "<filename>/usr/share/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7222
msgid "Architecture-independent files."
msgstr "各架構皆共通的檔案。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7226
msgid "<filename>/usr/src/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7227
msgid "BSD and/or local source files."
msgstr "BSD 原始碼 (或自行新增的)。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7231
msgid "<filename>/var/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7232
msgid ""
"Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. A memory-based "
"file system is sometimes mounted at <filename>/var</filename>. This can be "
"automated using the varmfs-related variables in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> or with an entry in <filename>/etc/fstab</"
"filename>; refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mdmfs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details."
msgstr ""
"存放各種用途的日誌 (Log) 檔、臨時或暫時存放、列印或郵件的緩衝 (Spool) 檔案。"
"有時候，以記憶體為基礎 (Memory-based) 的檔案系統也會掛載在 <filename>/var</"
"filename>。 這些瑣事可透過 varmfs 相關的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc."
"conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 環境變數來自動完"
"成。(或是在 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> 內做設定，相關細節請參閱 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mdmfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>)。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7243
msgid "<filename>/var/log/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7244
msgid "Miscellaneous system log files."
msgstr "各項系統記錄的日誌 (Log) 檔。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7248
msgid "<filename>/var/mail/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7249
msgid "User mailbox files."
msgstr "各使用者的郵件 (Mailbox) 檔案。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7253
msgid "<filename>/var/spool/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7254
msgid "Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories."
msgstr "各種印表機、郵件系統的緩衝 (Spool) 目錄。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7259
msgid "<filename>/var/tmp/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7260
msgid ""
"Temporary files which are usually preserved across a system reboot, unless "
"<filename>/var</filename> is a memory-based file system."
msgstr ""
"臨時檔案。 這些檔案在重開機後通常仍會保留，除非 <filename>/var</filename> 是"
"屬於以記憶體為基礎 (Memory-based) 的檔案系統。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7267
msgid "<filename>/var/yp/</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7268
msgid "NIS maps."
msgstr "NIS 對應表。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:7276
msgid "Disk Organization"
msgstr "磁碟組織"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7278
msgid ""
"The smallest unit of organization that FreeBSD uses to find files is the "
"filename. Filenames are case-sensitive, which means that <filename>readme."
"txt</filename> and <filename>README.TXT</filename> are two separate files. "
"FreeBSD does not use the extension of a file to determine whether the file "
"is a program, document, or some other form of data."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 用來尋找檔案的最小單位就是檔案的名稱了。 檔案的名稱有大小寫之分，所以"
"說 <filename>readme.txt</filename> 和 <filename>README.TXT</filename> 是兩個"
"不同的檔案。 FreeBSD 並不使用副檔名 (.txt) 來判別這是一個程式檔、文件檔或是其"
"他類型的檔案。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7285
msgid ""
"Files are stored in directories. A directory may contain no files, or it may "
"contain many hundreds of files. A directory can also contain other "
"directories, allowing a hierarchy of directories within one another in order "
"to organize data."
msgstr ""
"檔案存在目錄裡面。 一個目錄中可能沒有任何檔案，也可能有好幾百個檔案。 目錄之"
"中也可以包含其他的目錄； 您可以建立階層式的目錄以便資料的管理。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7291
msgid ""
"Files and directories are referenced by giving the file or directory name, "
"followed by a forward slash, <literal>/</literal>, followed by any other "
"directory names that are necessary. For example, if the directory "
"<filename>foo</filename> contains a directory <filename>bar</filename> which "
"contains the file <filename>readme.txt</filename>, the full name, or "
"<firstterm>path</firstterm>, to the file is <filename>foo/bar/readme.txt</"
"filename>. Note that this is different from <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">Windows</trademark> which uses <literal>\\</literal> to separate file and "
"directory names. FreeBSD does not use drive letters, or other drive names in "
"the path. For example, one would not type <filename>c:\\foo\\bar\\readme."
"txt</filename> on FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"檔案或目錄的對應是藉由給定的檔案或目錄名稱，然後加上正斜線符號 (<literal>/</"
"literal>)；之後再視需要加上其他的目錄名稱。 如果您有一個目錄 <filename>foo</"
"filename> ，裡面有一個目錄叫作 <filename>bar</filename>，這個目錄中又包含了一"
"個叫 <filename>readme.txt</filename> 的檔案，那麼這個檔案的全名，或者說檔案的"
"<firstterm>路徑 (Path)</firstterm>就是 <filename>foo/bar/readme.txt</"
"filename>。注意這與 <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> 用來"
"分隔檔案與目錄名稱所使用的 <literal>\\</literal> 不同，且 FreeBSD 在路徑上並"
"不使用磁碟機代號或其他磁碟機名稱，意思是，在 FreeBSD 上不會有人輸入 "
"<filename>c:\\foo\\bar\\readme.txt</filename> 這種路徑。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7306
msgid ""
"Directories and files are stored in a file system. Each file system contains "
"exactly one directory at the very top level, called the <firstterm>root "
"directory</firstterm> for that file system. This root directory can contain "
"other directories. One file system is designated the <firstterm>root file "
"system</firstterm> or <literal>/</literal>. Every other file system is "
"<firstterm>mounted</firstterm> under the root file system. No matter how "
"many disks are on the FreeBSD system, every directory appears to be part of "
"the same disk."
msgstr ""
"目錄及檔案儲存在檔案系統 (File system) 之中。 每個檔案系統都有唯一一個最上層"
"的目錄，叫做<firstterm>根目錄 (Root directory)</firstterm>。 然後在這個根目錄"
"下面才能有其他的目錄。其中一個檔案系統會被指定成為<firstterm>根檔案系統 "
"(Root file system)</firstterm> 或 <literal>/</literal>，其他的檔案系統均會"
"<firstterm>掛載 (Mount)</firstterm> 在該根檔案系統之下，不論在 FreeBSD 有多少"
"個磁碟，所有目錄都會成為該磁碟的一部份。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7317
msgid ""
"Consider three file systems, called <literal>A</literal>, <literal>B</"
"literal>, and <literal>C</literal>. Each file system has one root directory, "
"which contains two other directories, called <literal>A1</literal>, "
"<literal>A2</literal> (and likewise <literal>B1</literal>, <literal>B2</"
"literal> and <literal>C1</literal>, <literal>C2</literal>)."
msgstr ""
"假設您有三個檔案系統，分別叫作 <literal>A</literal>, <literal>B</literal> 及 "
"<literal>C</literal>。 每個檔案系統都包含兩個目錄，叫做 <literal>A1</"
"literal>, <literal>A2</literal> (以此類推得 <literal>B1</literal>, "
"<literal>B2</literal> 及 <literal>C1</literal>, <literal>C2</literal>)。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7324
msgid ""
"Call <literal>A</literal> the root file system. If "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is used to view the contents of this directory, it will show "
"two subdirectories, <literal>A1</literal> and <literal>A2</literal>. The "
"directory tree looks like this:"
msgstr ""
"稱 <literal>A</literal> 為主要的檔案系統；如果您用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 指令查看此目錄的內容，您會看到兩個子目錄： <literal>A1</"
"literal> 及 <literal>A2</literal>，如下所示："

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:7332
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir1' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout
#: book.translate.xml:7336
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" /\n"
" |\n"
" +--- A1\n"
" |\n"
" `--- A2"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7344
msgid ""
"A file system must be mounted on to a directory in another file system. When "
"mounting file system <literal>B</literal> on to the directory <literal>A1</"
"literal>, the root directory of <literal>B</literal> replaces <literal>A1</"
"literal>, and the directories in <literal>B</literal> appear accordingly:"
msgstr ""
"一個檔案系統必須以目錄形式掛載於另一個檔案系統上。 因此，假設您將 "
"<literal>B</literal> 掛載於 <literal>A1</literal> 之上，則 <literal>B</"
"literal> 的根目錄就變成了 <literal>A1</literal>，而在 <literal>B</literal> 之"
"下的任何目錄的路徑也隨之改變："

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:7353
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir2' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout
#: book.translate.xml:7357
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" /\n"
" |\n"
" +--- A1\n"
" |     |\n"
" |     +--- B1\n"
" |     |\n"
" |     `--- B2\n"
" |\n"
" `--- A2"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7369
msgid ""
"Any files that are in the <literal>B1</literal> or <literal>B2</literal> "
"directories can be reached with the path <filename>/A1/B1</filename> or "
"<filename>/A1/B2</filename> as necessary. Any files that were in <filename>/"
"A1</filename> have been temporarily hidden. They will reappear if "
"<literal>B</literal> is <firstterm>unmounted</firstterm> from <literal>A</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>B1</literal> 或 <literal>B2</literal> 目錄中的任何檔案必須經由路"
"徑 <filename>/A1/B1</filename> 或 <filename>/A1/B2</filename> 才能達到。 所有"
"原來在 <filename>/A1</filename> 中的檔案會暫時被隱藏起來，直到 <literal>B</"
"literal> 被<firstterm>卸載 (Unmount)</firstterm> 後才會再顯現出來。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7378
msgid ""
"If <literal>B</literal> had been mounted on <literal>A2</literal> then the "
"diagram would look like this:"
msgstr ""
"如果 <literal>B</literal> 掛載在 <literal>A2</literal> 之上，則會變成："

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:7384
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir3' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout
#: book.translate.xml:7388
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" /\n"
" |\n"
" +--- A1\n"
" |\n"
" `--- A2\n"
"       |\n"
"       +--- B1\n"
"       |\n"
"       `--- B2"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7400
msgid ""
"and the paths would be <filename>/A2/B1</filename> and <filename>/A2/B2</"
"filename> respectively."
msgstr ""
"上面的路徑分別為 <filename>/A2/B1</filename> 及 <filename>/A2/B2</filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7405
msgid ""
"File systems can be mounted on top of one another. Continuing the last "
"example, the <literal>C</literal> file system could be mounted on top of the "
"<literal>B1</literal> directory in the <literal>B</literal> file system, "
"leading to this arrangement:"
msgstr ""
"檔案系統可以掛在其他檔案系統的目錄之上。 延續之前的例子，<literal>C</"
"literal> 檔案系統可以掛在檔案系統 <literal>B</literal> 的 <literal>B1</"
"literal> 目錄之上，如圖所示："

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:7413
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir4' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout
#: book.translate.xml:7417
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" /\n"
" |\n"
" +--- A1\n"
" |\n"
" `--- A2\n"
"       |\n"
"       +--- B1\n"
"       |     |\n"
"       |     +--- C1\n"
"       |     |\n"
"       |     `--- C2\n"
"       |\n"
"       `--- B2"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7433
msgid ""
"Or <literal>C</literal> could be mounted directly on to the <literal>A</"
"literal> file system, under the <literal>A1</literal> directory:"
msgstr ""
"或者 <literal>C</literal> 直接掛載於 <literal>A</literal> 的 <literal>A1</"
"literal> 目錄之上："

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:7439
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir5' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout
#: book.translate.xml:7443
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" /\n"
" |\n"
" +--- A1\n"
" |     |\n"
" |     +--- C1\n"
" |     |\n"
" |     `--- C2\n"
" |\n"
" `--- A2\n"
"       |\n"
"       +--- B1\n"
"       |\n"
"       `--- B2"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7459
msgid ""
"It is entirely possible to have one large root file system, and not need to "
"create any others. There are some drawbacks to this approach, and one "
"advantage."
msgstr ""
"您可以使用單一的一個大的根檔案系統而不建立其他的檔案系統。 這樣有好處也有有壞"
"處。"

#. (itstool) path: itemizedlist/title
#: book.translate.xml:7464
msgid "Benefits of Multiple File Systems"
msgstr "使用多個檔案系統的好處"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7467
msgid ""
"Different file systems can have different <firstterm>mount options</"
"firstterm>. For example, the root file system can be mounted read-only, "
"making it impossible for users to inadvertently delete or edit a critical "
"file. Separating user-writable file systems, such as <filename>/home</"
"filename>, from other file systems allows them to be mounted "
"<firstterm>nosuid</firstterm>. This option prevents the <firstterm>suid</"
"firstterm>/<firstterm>guid</firstterm> bits on executables stored on the "
"file system from taking effect, possibly improving security."
msgstr ""
"不同的檔案系統在掛上的時候可以有不同的 <firstterm>掛載參數 (Mount option)</"
"firstterm>。 舉例來說，為求謹慎您可以將根檔案系統設成唯讀， 以避免不小心刪除"
"或修改掉重要的檔案。 將使用者可寫入的檔案系統 (例如 <filename>/home</"
"filename>) 獨立出來也可以讓他們用 <firstterm>nosuid</firstterm> 的參數掛載，"
"此選項可以讓在這個檔案系統中執行檔的 <firstterm>suid</firstterm>/"
"<firstterm>guid</firstterm> 位元失效，可讓系統更安全。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7481
msgid ""
"FreeBSD automatically optimizes the layout of files on a file system, "
"depending on how the file system is being used. So a file system that "
"contains many small files that are written frequently will have a different "
"optimization to one that contains fewer, larger files. By having one big "
"file system this optimization breaks down."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 會自動根據您檔案系統的使用方式來做最佳的檔案配置方式。 因此，一個有很"
"多小檔案、 常常寫入的檔案系統跟只有幾個較大的檔案的檔案系統配置是不一樣的。 "
"如果您只有單一個大的檔案系統，這部分就沒用了。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7490
msgid ""
"FreeBSD's file systems are robust if power is lost. However, a power loss at "
"a critical point could still damage the structure of the file system. By "
"splitting data over multiple file systems it is more likely that the system "
"will still come up, making it easier to restore from backup as necessary."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 的檔案系統在停電的時候很穩固。 然而，在某些重要的時候停電仍然會對檔案"
"系統結構造成損害。 分割成許多個檔案系統的話在系統在停電後比較能夠正常啟動， "
"以便您在需要的時候將備份資料回存回來。"

#. (itstool) path: itemizedlist/title
#: book.translate.xml:7500
msgid "Benefit of a Single File System"
msgstr "使用單一檔案系統的好處"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7503
msgid ""
"File systems are a fixed size. If you create a file system when you install "
"FreeBSD and give it a specific size, you may later discover that you need to "
"make the partition bigger. This is not easily accomplished without backing "
"up, recreating the file system with the new size, and then restoring the "
"backed up data."
msgstr ""
"檔案系統的大小是固定的。 若您在當初安裝 FreeBSD 的時指定了一個大小，可是後來"
"您想把空間加大，在沒有備份的情況下很難達成，您必須將檔案系統重新建立為您需要"
"的大小，然後將備份回存回來。"

#. (itstool) path: important/para
#: book.translate.xml:7511
msgid ""
"FreeBSD features the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>growfs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command, which makes "
"it possible to increase the size of file system on the fly, removing this "
"limitation."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>growfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 指令可以突破此限制直接變更檔案系統的大小。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7518
msgid ""
"File systems are contained in partitions. This does not have the same "
"meaning as the common usage of the term partition (for example, <trademark "
"class=\"registered\">MS-DOS</trademark> partition), because of FreeBSD's "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> heritage. Each partition is "
"identified by a letter from <literal>a</literal> through to <literal>h</"
"literal>. Each partition can contain only one file system, which means that "
"file systems are often described by either their typical mount point in the "
"file system hierarchy, or the letter of the partition they are contained in."
msgstr ""
"檔案系統放在分區 (Partition) 中。 因為 FreeBSD 承襲 <trademark class="
"\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 架構，這邊講的分區和一般提到的分割區 (例如 "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">MS-DOS</trademark> 分割區) 不同。每一個分區由"
"一個代號 (字母) 表示，從 <literal>a</literal> 到 <literal>h</literal>。 每個"
"分區只能含有一個檔案系統，因此在表示檔案系統時，除了用該檔案系統的常用的掛載"
"點表示外，也可以使用該檔案系統所在的分區來表示。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7528
msgid ""
"FreeBSD also uses disk space for <firstterm>swap space</firstterm> to "
"provide <firstterm>virtual memory</firstterm>. This allows your computer to "
"behave as though it has much more memory than it actually does. When FreeBSD "
"runs out of memory, it moves some of the data that is not currently being "
"used to the swap space, and moves it back in (moving something else out) "
"when it needs it."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 也會使用磁碟空間作為<firstterm>交換空間 (Swap space)</firstterm> 來提"
"供<firstterm>虛擬記憶體 (Virtual memory)</firstterm>。 這讓您的電腦好像擁有比"
"實際更多的記憶體。 當 FreeBSD 的記憶體用完的時候，它會把一些目前沒用到的資料"
"移到交換空間，然後在用到的時候移回去 (同時移出部份沒用到的)。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7537
msgid "Some partitions have certain conventions associated with them."
msgstr "部份分區有使用的慣例如下："

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7547
msgid "Partition"
msgstr "分區"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7548
msgid "Convention"
msgstr "慣例"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7554
msgid "<literal>a</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7555
msgid "Normally contains the root file system."
msgstr "通常內含根檔案系統"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7559
msgid "<literal>b</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7560
msgid "Normally contains swap space."
msgstr "通常內含交換空間"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7564
msgid "<literal>c</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7565
msgid ""
"Normally the same size as the enclosing slice. This allows utilities that "
"need to work on the entire slice, such as a bad block scanner, to work on "
"the <literal>c</literal> partition. A file system would not normally be "
"created on this partition."
msgstr ""
"通常用來代表整個切割區 (Slice)，因此大小會與其所在的切割區一樣。這可讓需要對"
"整個切割區處理的工具 (例如硬碟壞軌檢查工具) 可在 <literal>c</literal> 分區上"
"執行。一般來說不會把檔案系統建立在這個分區。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7573
msgid "<literal>d</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7574
msgid ""
"Partition <literal>d</literal> used to have a special meaning associated "
"with it, although that is now gone and <literal>d</literal> may work as any "
"normal partition."
msgstr ""
"分區 <literal>d</literal> 曾經有代表特殊意義，但是已經不再使用。所以現在 "
"<literal>d</literal> 和一般的分區相同。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7583
msgid ""
"Disks in FreeBSD are divided into slices, referred to in <trademark class="
"\"registered\">Windows</trademark> as partitions, which are numbered from 1 "
"to 4. These are then divided into partitions, which contain file systems, "
"and are labeled using letters."
msgstr ""
"在 FreeBSD 的磁碟會分割成數個切割區 (Slice)，如同 <trademark class="
"\"registered\">Windows</trademark> 中由編號 1 到 4 表示的分割區。這些切割區會"
"再分成數個分區，每個分區內含檔案系統，且會使用字母來標示。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:7588
msgid "<primary>slices</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:7591 book.translate.xml:31844 book.translate.xml:31940
msgid "<primary>partitions</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:7594
msgid "<primary>dangerously dedicated</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7598
msgid ""
"Slice numbers follow the device name, prefixed with an <literal>s</literal>, "
"starting at 1. So <quote>da0<emphasis>s1</emphasis></quote> is the first "
"slice on the first SCSI drive. There can only be four physical slices on a "
"disk, but there can be logical slices inside physical slices of the "
"appropriate type. These extended slices are numbered starting at 5, so "
"<quote>ada0<emphasis>s5</emphasis></quote> is the first extended slice on "
"the first SATA disk. These devices are used by file systems that expect to "
"occupy a slice."
msgstr ""
"切割區的編號在裝置名稱後面，會先以 <literal>s</literal> 為字首，然後從 1 開始"
"編號。 因此 <quote>da0<emphasis>s1</emphasis></quote> 是指第一個 SCSI 硬碟的"
"第一個切割區。 一個磁碟上只能有四個實體切割區，但是在實體切割區中放進適當類型"
"的邏輯切割區。這些延伸的切割區編號會從 5 開始，所以 <quote>ada0<emphasis>s5</"
"emphasis></quote> 是第一個 SATA 硬碟上的第一個延伸切割區。因此可以預期這些由"
"檔案系統使用的裝置 (Device) 上均會各別佔據一個切割區。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7608
msgid ""
"Slices, <quote>dangerously dedicated</quote> physical drives, and other "
"drives contain <firstterm>partitions</firstterm>, which are represented as "
"letters from <literal>a</literal> to <literal>h</literal>. This letter is "
"appended to the device name, so <quote>da0<emphasis>a</emphasis></quote> is "
"the <literal>a</literal> partition on the first <literal>da</literal> drive, "
"which is <quote>dangerously dedicated</quote>. <quote>ada1s3<emphasis>e</"
"emphasis></quote> is the fifth partition in the third slice of the second "
"SATA disk drive."
msgstr ""
"切割區、<quote>危險專用 (Dangerously dedicated)</quote> 的實體磁碟機以及其他"
"內含<firstterm>分割區 (Partition)</firstterm> 的磁碟都是以字母 <literal>a</"
"literal> 到 <literal>h</literal> 來表示。 字母會接在裝置名稱的後面，因此 "
"<quote>da0<emphasis>a</emphasis></quote> 是第一顆 <quote>dangerously "
"dedicated</quote> 磁碟機 <literal>da</literal> 上的 <literal>a</literal> 分割"
"區。 而 <quote>ada1s3<emphasis>e</emphasis></quote> 則是第二顆 SATA 硬碟上第"
"三個切割區的第五個分區。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7621
msgid ""
"Finally, each disk on the system is identified. A disk name starts with a "
"code that indicates the type of disk, and then a number, indicating which "
"disk it is. Unlike slices, disk numbering starts at 0. Common codes are "
"listed in <xref linkend=\"disks-naming\"/>."
msgstr ""
"終於，我們可以辨識系統上的每個磁碟了，一個磁碟的名稱會有一個代碼來表示這個磁"
"碟的類型，接著是一個表示這是那一個磁碟的編號。不像切割區，磁碟的編號從 0 開"
"始。常見的代碼可以參考 <xref linkend=\"disks-naming\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7627
msgid ""
"When referring to a partition, include the disk name, <literal>s</literal>, "
"the slice number, and then the partition letter. Examples are shown in <xref "
"linkend=\"basics-disk-slice-part\"/>."
msgstr ""
"當要參照一個分區的時候，需包含磁碟機名稱、<literal>s</literal>、切割區編號以"
"及分區字母。範例可以參考 <xref linkend=\"basics-disk-slice-part\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7632
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"basics-concept-disk-model\"/> shows a conceptual model of a "
"disk layout."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"basics-concept-disk-model\"/> 示範了一個基本的磁碟配置，相信"
"對您有些幫助。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7635
msgid ""
"When installing FreeBSD, configure the disk slices, create partitions within "
"the slice to be used for FreeBSD, create a file system or swap space in each "
"partition, and decide where each file system will be mounted."
msgstr ""
"要安裝 FreeBSD，您必須先建置磁碟的切割區，接著於切割區中建立要給 FreeBSD 用的"
"分區。 最後在這些分區中建立檔案系統 (或交換空間) 並決定要將這些檔案系統掛載於"
"哪裡。"

#. (itstool) path: table/title
#: book.translate.xml:7641
msgid "Disk Device Names"
msgstr "磁碟裝置名稱"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7649
msgid "Drive Type"
msgstr "磁碟機類型"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7650
msgid "Drive Device Name"
msgstr "磁碟機裝置稱"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7656
msgid "<acronym>SATA</acronym> and <acronym>IDE</acronym> hard drives"
msgstr "<acronym>SATA</acronym> 及 <acronym>IDE</acronym> 硬碟"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7658
msgid "<literal>ada</literal> or <literal>ad</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ada</literal> 或 <literal>ad</literal>"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7663
msgid ""
"<acronym>SCSI</acronym> hard drives and <acronym>USB</acronym> storage "
"devices"
msgstr "<acronym>SCSI</acronym> 硬碟與 <acronym>USB</acronym> 儲存裝置"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7665
msgid "<literal>da</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7669
msgid ""
"<acronym>SATA</acronym> and <acronym>IDE</acronym> <acronym>CD-ROM</acronym> "
"drives"
msgstr ""
"<acronym>SATA</acronym> 與 <acronym>IDE</acronym> <acronym>CD-ROM</acronym> "
"光碟機"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7671
msgid "<literal>cd</literal> or <literal>acd</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cd</literal> 或 <literal>acd</literal>"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7676
msgid "<acronym>SCSI</acronym> <acronym>CD-ROM</acronym> drives"
msgstr "<acronym>SCSI</acronym> <acronym>CD-ROM</acronym> 光碟機"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7678
msgid "<literal>cd</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7682
msgid "Floppy drives"
msgstr "軟碟機"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7683
msgid "<literal>fd</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7687
msgid "Assorted non-standard <acronym>CD-ROM</acronym> drives"
msgstr "各種非標準 <acronym>CD-ROM</acronym> 光碟機"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7689
msgid ""
"<literal>mcd</literal> for Mitsumi <acronym>CD-ROM</acronym> and "
"<literal>scd</literal> for Sony <acronym>CD-ROM</acronym> devices"
msgstr ""
"<literal>mcd</literal> 代表 Mitsumi <acronym>CD-ROM</acronym> 以及 "
"<literal>scd</literal> 代表 Sony <acronym>CD-ROM</acronym> 光碟機"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7695
msgid "<acronym>SCSI</acronym> tape drives"
msgstr "<acronym>SCSI</acronym> 磁帶機"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7696
msgid "<literal>sa</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7700
msgid "<acronym>IDE</acronym> tape drives"
msgstr "<acronym>IDE</acronym> 磁帶機"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7701
msgid "<literal>ast</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7705
msgid "RAID drives"
msgstr "RAID 磁碟機"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7706
msgid ""
"Examples include <literal>aacd</literal> for <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">Adaptec</trademark> AdvancedRAID, <literal>mlxd</literal> and "
"<literal>mlyd</literal> for <trademark class=\"registered\">Mylex</"
"trademark>, <literal>amrd</literal> for AMI <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">MegaRAID</trademark>, <literal>idad</literal> for Compaq Smart RAID, "
"<literal>twed</literal> for <trademark class=\"registered\">3ware</"
"trademark> RAID."
msgstr ""
"範例包含 <literal>aacd</literal> 代表 <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">Adaptec</trademark> AdvancedRAID，<literal>mlxd</literal> 及 "
"<literal>mlyd</literal> 代表 <trademark class=\"registered\">Mylex</"
"trademark>，<literal>amrd</literal> 代表 AMI <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">MegaRAID</trademark>，<literal>idad</literal> 代表 Compaq Smart RAID，"
"<literal>twed</literal> 代表 <trademark class=\"registered\">3ware</"
"trademark> RAID."

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:7718
msgid "Sample Disk, Slice, and Partition Names"
msgstr "磁碟、切割區及分區命名範例"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7727
msgid "Name"
msgstr "名稱"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7728 book.translate.xml:61583
msgid "Meaning"
msgstr "意義"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7734
msgid "<literal>ada0s1a</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7735
msgid ""
"The first partition (<literal>a</literal>) on the first slice (<literal>s1</"
"literal>) on the first <acronym>SATA</acronym> disk (<literal>ada0</"
"literal>)."
msgstr ""
"第一個 SATA 硬碟 (<literal>ada0</literal>) 上第一個切割區 (<literal>s1</"
"literal>)的第一個分區(<literal>a</literal>) 。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7742
msgid "<literal>da1s2e</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7743
msgid ""
"The fifth partition (<literal>e</literal>) on the second slice (<literal>s2</"
"literal>) on the second SCSI disk (<literal>da1</literal>)."
msgstr ""
"第二個 SCSI 硬碟 (<literal>da1</literal>) 上第二個切割區 (<literal>s2</"
"literal>) 的第五個分區 (<literal>e</literal>) 。"

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:7753
msgid "Conceptual Model of a Disk"
msgstr "磁碟的概念模型"

#. (itstool) path: example/para
#: book.translate.xml:7755
msgid ""
"This diagram shows FreeBSD's view of the first <acronym>SATA</acronym> disk "
"attached to the system. Assume that the disk is 250 GB in size, and contains "
"an 80 GB slice and a 170 GB slice (<trademark class=\"registered\">MS-DOS</"
"trademark> partitions). The first slice contains a <trademark class="
"\"registered\">Windows</trademark> <acronym>NTFS</acronym> file system, "
"<filename>C:</filename>, and the second slice contains a FreeBSD "
"installation. This example FreeBSD installation has four data partitions and "
"a swap partition."
msgstr ""
"此圖顯示 FreeBSD 中連接到系統的第一個 <acronym>SATA</acronym> 磁碟機內部配置"
"圖。 假設這個磁碟的容量是 250 GB，並且包含了一個 80 GB 的切割區及一個 170 GB "
"的切割區 (<trademark class=\"registered\">MS-DOS</trademark> 的分割區)。 第一"
"個切割區是 <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> "
"<acronym>NTFS</acronym> 檔案系統的 <filename>C:</filename> 磁碟機，第二個則安"
"裝了 FreeBSD。 本範例中安裝的 FreeBSD 有四個資料分區及一個交換分區。"

#. (itstool) path: example/para
#: book.translate.xml:7765
msgid ""
"The four partitions each hold a file system. Partition <literal>a</literal> "
"is used for the root file system, <literal>d</literal> for <filename>/var/</"
"filename>, <literal>e</literal> for <filename>/tmp/</filename>, and "
"<literal>f</literal> for <filename>/usr/</filename>. Partition letter "
"<literal>c</literal> refers to the entire slice, and so is not used for "
"ordinary partitions."
msgstr ""
"這四個分區中各有一個檔案系統。 分區 <literal>a</literal> 是根檔案系統、分區 "
"<literal>d</literal> 是 <filename>/var/</filename>、分區 <literal>e</"
"literal> 是 <filename>/tmp/</filename>，而分區 <literal>f</literal> 是 "
"<filename>/usr/</filename>。分區字母 <literal>c</literal> 用來代表整個切割"
"區，因此並不作為一般分區使用。"

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: book.translate.xml:7775
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='basics/disk-layout' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:7782
msgid "Mounting and Unmounting File Systems"
msgstr "掛載與卸載檔案系統"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7784
msgid ""
"The file system is best visualized as a tree, rooted, as it were, at "
"<filename>/</filename>. <filename>/dev</filename>, <filename>/usr</"
"filename>, and the other directories in the root directory are branches, "
"which may have their own branches, such as <filename>/usr/local</filename>, "
"and so on."
msgstr ""
"檔案系統就像一顆樹。<filename>/</filename> 就像是樹根，而 <filename>/dev</"
"filename>，<filename>/usr</filename> 以及其他在根目錄下的目錄就像是樹枝，而這"
"些樹枝上面又還有分支，像是 <filename>/usr/local</filename> 等。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:7793
msgid "<primary>root file system</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7797
msgid ""
"There are various reasons to house some of these directories on separate "
"file systems. <filename>/var</filename> contains the directories "
"<filename>log/</filename>, <filename>spool/</filename>, and various types of "
"temporary files, and as such, may get filled up. Filling up the root file "
"system is not a good idea, so splitting <filename>/var</filename> from "
"<filename>/</filename> is often favorable."
msgstr ""
"因為某些原因，我們會將一些目錄分別放在不同的檔案系統上。 如 <filename>/var</"
"filename> 包含了可能會滿出來的 <filename>log/</filename>，<filename>spool/</"
"filename> 等目錄以及各式各樣的暫存檔。 把根檔案系統塞到滿出來顯然不是個好主"
"意，所以我們往往會比較傾向把 <filename>/var</filename> 從 <filename>/</"
"filename> 中拉出來。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:7808
msgid ""
"Another common reason to contain certain directory trees on other file "
"systems is if they are to be housed on separate physical disks, or are "
"separate virtual disks, such as Network File System mounts, described in "
"<xref linkend=\"network-nfs\"/>, or CDROM drives."
msgstr ""
"另一個常見到把某些目錄放在不同檔案系統上的理由是： 這些檔案在不同的實體或虛擬"
"磁碟機上。 像是網路檔案系統 (Network File System) 詳情可參考 <xref linkend="
"\"network-nfs\"/> 或是光碟機。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:7815
msgid "The <filename>fstab</filename> File"
msgstr "<filename>fstab</filename> 檔"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:7817
msgid ""
"<primary>file systems</primary> <secondary>mounted with fstab</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:7822
msgid ""
"During the boot process (<xref linkend=\"boot\"/>), file systems listed in "
"<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> are automatically mounted except for the "
"entries containing <option>noauto</option>. This file contains entries in "
"the following format:"
msgstr ""
"在 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> 裡面有設定的檔案系統會在開機 (<xref "
"linkend=\"boot\"/>) 的過程中自動地被掛載 (除非該檔案系統有被加上 "
"<option>noauto</option> 參數)。檔案內容的格式如下："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:7828
#, no-wrap
msgid "<replaceable>device</replaceable>       <replaceable>/mount-point</replaceable> <replaceable>fstype</replaceable>     <replaceable>options</replaceable>      <replaceable>dumpfreq</replaceable>     <replaceable>passno</replaceable>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:7832
msgid "<literal>device</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7834
msgid ""
"An existing device name as explained in <xref linkend=\"disks-naming\"/>."
msgstr "已存在的裝置名稱，詳情請參閱 <xref linkend=\"disks-naming\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:7840
msgid "<literal>mount-point</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7843
msgid "An existing directory on which to mount the file system."
msgstr "檔案系統要掛載到的目錄 (該目錄必須存在)。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:7849
msgid "<literal>fstype</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7852
msgid ""
"The file system type to pass to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The default FreeBSD "
"file system is <literal>ufs</literal>."
msgstr ""
"檔案系統類型，這是要傳給 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的參數。 FreeBSD 預設的"
"檔案系統是 <literal>ufs</literal>。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:7859
msgid "<literal>options</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7862
msgid ""
"Either <option>rw</option> for read-write file systems, or <option>ro</"
"option> for read-only file systems, followed by any other options that may "
"be needed. A common option is <option>noauto</option> for file systems not "
"normally mounted during the boot sequence. Other options are listed in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"可讀可寫 (Read-Write) 的檔案系統用 <option>rw</option>，而唯讀 (Read-Only) 的"
"檔案系統則是用 <option>ro</option>，後面視需要還可以加其他選項。 常見的選項"
"如 <option>noauto</option> 是用在不要於開機過程中自動的掛載的檔案系統。 其他"
"選項可參閱 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 說明。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:7873
msgid "<literal>dumpfreq</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7876
msgid ""
"Used by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to determine which file systems require dumping. "
"If the field is missing, a value of zero is assumed."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 由此項目決定那些檔案系統需要傾印。 如果這格空白則以零為預設值。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:7883
msgid "<literal>passno</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7886
msgid ""
"Determines the order in which file systems should be checked. File systems "
"that should be skipped should have their <literal>passno</literal> set to "
"zero. The root file system needs to be checked before everything else and "
"should have its <literal>passno</literal> set to one. The other file systems "
"should be set to values greater than one. If more than one file system has "
"the same <literal>passno</literal>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> will attempt to check "
"file systems in parallel if possible."
msgstr ""
"這個項目決定檔案系統檢查的順序。 對於要跳過檢查的檔案系統，它們的 "
"<literal>passno</literal> 值要設為零。 根檔案系統的 <literal>passno</"
"literal> 值應設為一 (因為需要比所有其他的還要先檢查)，而其他的檔案系統的 "
"<literal>passno</literal> 值應該要設得比一大。 若有多個檔案系統具有相同的 "
"<literal>passno</literal> 值，則 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 會試著平行地 (如果可能"
"的話) 檢查這些檔案系統。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:7900
msgid ""
"Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information on the format of <filename>/"
"etc/fstab</filename> and its options."
msgstr ""
"更多關於 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> 檔案格式及選項的資訊請參閱 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 說明文件。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:7905
msgid ""
"Using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:7907
msgid "<primary>file systems</primary> <secondary>mounting</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:7912
msgid ""
"File systems are mounted using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The most basic syntax "
"is as follows:"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 指令是拿來掛載檔案系統用的。基本的操作指令格式如下："

#. (itstool) path: informalexample/screen
#: book.translate.xml:7916
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mount <replaceable>device</replaceable> <replaceable>mountpoint</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:7919
msgid ""
"This command provides many options which are described in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, The most commonly used options include:"
msgstr ""
"在 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 裡面有提到一大堆的選項，不過最常用的就是這些："

#. (itstool) path: variablelist/title
#: book.translate.xml:7923
msgid "Mount Options"
msgstr "掛載選項"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7926 book.translate.xml:23119
msgid "<option>-a</option>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7929
msgid ""
"Mount all the file systems listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, except "
"those marked as <quote>noauto</quote>, excluded by the <option>-t</option> "
"flag, or those that are already mounted."
msgstr ""
"把 /etc/fstab 裡面所有還沒有被掛載、沒有被標記成 <filename>/etc/fstab</"
"filename> 而且沒有用 <option>-t</option> 排除的檔案系統掛載起來。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:7938
msgid "<option>-d</option>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7942
msgid ""
"Do everything except for the actual mount system call. This option is useful "
"in conjunction with the <option>-v</option> flag to determine what "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is actually trying to do."
msgstr ""
"執行所有的動作，但是不真的去呼叫掛載的系統呼叫 (System call)。 這個選項和 "
"<option>-v</option> 搭配拿來推測 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 將要做什麼動作時很好"
"用。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:7950 book.translate.xml:26241
msgid "<option>-f</option>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7953
msgid ""
"Force the mount of an unclean file system (dangerous), or the revocation of "
"write access when downgrading a file system's mount status from read-write "
"to read-only."
msgstr ""
"強迫掛載不乾淨的檔案系統 (危險)，或是用來強制取消寫入權限 (把檔案系統的掛載狀"
"態從可存取變成唯讀)。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:7961
msgid "<option>-r</option>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7964
msgid ""
"Mount the file system read-only. This is identical to using <option>-o ro</"
"option>."
msgstr ""
"用唯讀的方式掛載檔案系統。 這個選項和在 -o 選項中指定 ro 參數是一樣的。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:7970
msgid "<option>-t</option> <replaceable>fstype</replaceable>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7974
msgid ""
"Mount the specified file system type or mount only file systems of the given "
"type, if <option>-a</option> is included. <quote>ufs</quote> is the default "
"file system type."
msgstr ""
"用指定的檔案系統型態來掛載指定的檔案系統，或是在有 <option>-a</option> 選項時"
"只掛載指定型態的檔案系統。預設的檔案系統類型為 <quote>ufs</quote>。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:7982
msgid "<option>-u</option>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7985
msgid "Update mount options on the file system."
msgstr "更新檔案系統的掛載選項。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:7990 book.translate.xml:23136
msgid "<option>-v</option>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:7993
msgid "Be verbose."
msgstr "顯示詳細資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:7998
msgid "<option>-w</option>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8001
msgid "Mount the file system read-write."
msgstr "以可讀寫的模式掛載檔案系統。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8006
msgid ""
"The following options can be passed to <option>-o</option> as a comma-"
"separated list:"
msgstr "<option>-o</option> 選項後面會接著以逗號分隔的參數："

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:8011
msgid "nosuid"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8014
msgid ""
"Do not interpret setuid or setgid flags on the file system. This is also a "
"useful security option."
msgstr ""
"不解析檔案系統上的 setuid 或 setgid 旗標， 這也是一個蠻有用的安全選項。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:8023
msgid ""
"Using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>umount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>umount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:8025
msgid "<primary>file systems</primary> <secondary>unmounting</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8030
msgid ""
"To unmount a file system use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>umount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This command takes "
"one parameter which can be a mountpoint, device name, <option>-a</option> or "
"<option>-A</option>."
msgstr ""
"要缺載檔案系統可使用 umount(8) 指令。該指令需要一個參數可以是掛載點 "
"(mountpoint)，裝置名稱，以及 -a 或是 -A 等選項。 "

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8034
msgid ""
"All forms take <option>-f</option> to force unmounting, and <option>-v</"
"option> for verbosity. Be warned that <option>-f</option> is not generally a "
"good idea as it might crash the computer or damage data on the file system."
msgstr ""
"加上 <option>-f</option> 可以強制卸載，加上 <option>-v</option> 則是會顯示詳"
"細資訊。 要注意的是一般來說用 <option>-f</option> 並不是個好主意，強制卸載檔"
"案系統有可能會造成電腦當機， 或者損壞檔案系統內的資料。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8039
msgid ""
"To unmount all mounted file systems, or just the file system types listed "
"after <option>-t</option>, use <option>-a</option> or <option>-A</option>. "
"Note that <option>-A</option> does not attempt to unmount the root file "
"system."
msgstr ""
"<option>-a</option> 和 <option>-A</option> 是用來卸載所有已掛載的檔案系統，另"
"外還可以用 <option>-t</option> 來指定要卸載的是哪些種類的檔案系統。 要注意的"
"是 <option>-A</option> 並不會試圖卸載根檔案系統。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:8048
msgid "Processes and Daemons"
msgstr "程序與 Daemon"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8050
msgid ""
"FreeBSD is a multi-tasking operating system. Each program running at any one "
"time is called a <firstterm>process</firstterm>. Every running command "
"starts at least one new process and there are a number of system processes "
"that are run by FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 是一個多工的作業系統，也就是說在同一時間內可以跑超過一個程式。 每一個"
"正在花時間跑的程式就叫做<firstterm>程序 (Process)</firstterm>。 您下的每個指"
"令都至少會開啟一個新的程序， 而有些系統程序是一直在跑以維持系統正常運作的。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8056
msgid ""
"Each process is uniquely identified by a number called a <firstterm>process "
"ID</firstterm> (<acronym>PID</acronym>). Similar to files, each process has "
"one owner and group, and the owner and group permissions are used to "
"determine which files and devices the process can open. Most processes also "
"have a parent process that started them. For example, the shell is a "
"process, and any command started in the shell is a process which has the "
"shell as its parent process. The exception is a special process called "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> which is always the first process to start at boot time and "
"which always has a <acronym>PID</acronym> of <literal>1</literal>."
msgstr ""
"每一個程序都有一個獨一無二的數字叫做 <firstterm>程序代號 (Process ID, "
"<acronym>PID</acronym>)</firstterm>，而且就像檔案一樣，每一個程序也有擁有者及"
"群組。 擁有者及群組的資訊是用來決定什麼檔案或裝置是這個程序可以開啟的 (前面有"
"提到過檔案權限)。 大部份的程序都有父程序。 父程序是開啟這個程序的程序，例如："
"您對 Shell 輸入指令，Shell 本身就是一個程序，而您執行的指令也是程序。 每一個"
"您用這種方式跑的程序的父程序都是 Shell。 有一個特別的程序叫做 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 是個例外，在 FreeBSD 開機的時候 init 會自動地被開啟，init 永遠"
"是第一個程序，所以他的 <acronym>PID</acronym> 一直都會是 <literal>1</"
"literal>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8068
msgid ""
"Some programs are not designed to be run with continuous user input and "
"disconnect from the terminal at the first opportunity. For example, a web "
"server responds to web requests, rather than user input. Mail servers are "
"another example of this type of application. These types of programs are "
"known as <firstterm>daemons</firstterm>. The term daemon comes from Greek "
"mythology and represents an entity that is neither good nor evil, and which "
"invisibly performs useful tasks. This is why the BSD mascot is the cheerful-"
"looking daemon with sneakers and a pitchfork."
msgstr ""
"有些程式並不是設計成一直在接收使用者的輸入的， 而是在開始執行的時候就從中斷與"
"終端機的連線。 例如說， 網頁伺服器整天都在回應網頁方面的要求，它通常不需要您"
"輸入任何東西。 另外，像是把信從一個站傳送到另一個站的程式，也是這種類型的應用"
"程式。我們把這種程式稱作 <firstterm>Daemon</firstterm>。 Daemon 一詞是來自是"
"希臘神話中的角色：祂們既不屬於善良陣營或邪惡陣營，祂們在背地裡做一些有用的事"
"情。這也就是為何 BSD 的吉祥物，是一隻穿著帆布鞋拿著三叉耙的快樂小惡魔的原因。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8079
msgid ""
"There is a convention to name programs that normally run as daemons with a "
"trailing <quote>d</quote>. For example, <application>BIND</application> is "
"the Berkeley Internet Name Domain, but the actual program that executes is "
"<command>named</command>. The <application>Apache</application> web server "
"program is <command>httpd</command> and the line printer spooling daemon is "
"<command>lpd</command>. This is only a naming convention. For example, the "
"main mail daemon for the <application>Sendmail</application> application is "
"<command>sendmail</command>, and not <literal>maild</literal>."
msgstr ""
"通常來說做為 Deamon 執行的程式名字後面都會加一個字母 <quote>d</quote>。 "
"<application>BIND</application> 是 Berkeley Internet Name Domain 的縮寫，但實"
"際上執行的程式名稱是 <command>named</command>、<application>Apache</"
"application> 網頁伺服器的程式名稱是 <command>httpd</command>、行列式印表機緩"
"衝服務 (Line Printer Spooling) Daemon 是 <command>lpd</command>，依此類推。 "
"但這是習慣用法，並沒有硬性規定，例如 <application>Sendmail</application> 主要"
"的寄信 Daemon 是叫做 <command>sendmail</command> 而不是 <literal>maild</"
"literal>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:8093
msgid "Viewing Processes"
msgstr "檢視程序"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8095
msgid ""
"To see the processes running on the system, use "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. To display a static "
"list of the currently running processes, their <acronym>PID</acronym>s, how "
"much memory they are using, and the command they were started with, use "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. To display all the running processes and update the display "
"every few seconds in order to interactively see what the computer is doing, "
"use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"要看系統執行中的程序，有兩個相當有用的指令可用： "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 以及 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 指令是用來列出正在執行之程序，而且可以顯示它們的 <acronym>PID</"
"acronym>、用了多少記憶體、執行的指令名稱及其後之參數是什麼等等。 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 指令則是顯示所有正在執行的程序， 並且數秒鐘更新一次。因此您可以"
"互動式的觀看您的電腦正在做什麼。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8103
msgid ""
"By default, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> only shows the commands that are running and owned "
"by the user. For example:"
msgstr ""
"在預設的情況下，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 指令只會顯示使用者所擁有的的程序。 例如："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8106
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>ps</userinput>\n"
" PID TT  STAT    TIME COMMAND\n"
"8203  0  Ss   0:00.59 /bin/csh\n"
"8895  0  R+   0:00.00 ps"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8111
msgid ""
"The output from <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> is organized into a number of columns. The "
"<literal>PID</literal> column displays the process ID. <acronym>PID</"
"acronym>s are assigned starting at 1, go up to 99999, then wrap around back "
"to the beginning. However, a <acronym>PID</acronym> is not reassigned if it "
"is already in use. The <literal>TT</literal> column shows the tty the "
"program is running on and <literal>STAT</literal> shows the program's state. "
"<literal>TIME</literal> is the amount of time the program has been running "
"on the CPU. This is usually not the elapsed time since the program was "
"started, as most programs spend a lot of time waiting for things to happen "
"before they need to spend time on the CPU. Finally, <literal>COMMAND</"
"literal> is the command that was used to start the program."
msgstr ""
"在這個範例裡可以看到 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的輸出分成好幾個欄位。 "
"<literal>PID</literal> 就是前面有提到的程序代號。 <literal>PID</literal> 的分"
"配是從 1 開始一直到 99999，如果用完的話又會繞回來重頭開始分配 (若該 "
"<acronym>PID</acronym> 已經在用了，則 PID 不會重新分配)。 <literal>TT</"
"literal> 欄位是指這個程式在哪個 Console (tty) 上執行，在這裡可以先忽略不管。"
"<literal>STAT</literal> 是程式的狀態，也可以先不要管。<literal>TIME</"
"literal> 是這個程式在 CPU 上執行的時間—這通常不是程式總共花的時間， 因為當您"
"開始執行程式後，大部份的程式在 CPU 上執行前會先花上不少時間等待 。 最後，"
"<literal>COMMAND</literal> 是執行這個程式的指令。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8126
msgid ""
"A number of different options are available to change the information that "
"is displayed. One of the most useful sets is <literal>auxww</literal>, where "
"<option>a</option> displays information about all the running processes of "
"all users, <option>u</option> displays the username and memory usage of the "
"process' owner, <option>x</option> displays information about daemon "
"processes, and <option>ww</option> causes <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to display the full "
"command line for each process, rather than truncating it once it gets too "
"long to fit on the screen."
msgstr ""
"有幾個不同的選項組合可以用來變更顯示出來的資訊，其中一個最有用的組合是 "
"<literal>auxww</literal>。 <option>a</option> 可以顯示所有正在跑的程序的指"
"令，不只是您自已的。 <option>u</option> 則是顯示程序的擁有者名稱以及記憶體使"
"用情況。 <option>x</option> 可以把 daemon 程序顯示出來， 而 <option>ww</"
"option> 可讓 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 顯示出每個程序完整的內容， 而不致因過長而被螢幕截掉"
"了。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8137
msgid ""
"The output from <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is similar:"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 也有類似的輸出。 一般的情況看像是這樣："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8139
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>top</userinput>\n"
"last pid:  9609;  load averages:  0.56,  0.45,  0.36              up 0+00:20:03  10:21:46\n"
"107 processes: 2 running, 104 sleeping, 1 zombie\n"
"CPU:  6.2% user,  0.1% nice,  8.2% system,  0.4% interrupt, 85.1% idle\n"
"Mem: 541M Active, 450M Inact, 1333M Wired, 4064K Cache, 1498M Free\n"
"ARC: 992M Total, 377M MFU, 589M MRU, 250K Anon, 5280K Header, 21M Other\n"
"Swap: 2048M Total, 2048M Free\n"
"\n"
"  PID USERNAME    THR PRI NICE   SIZE    RES STATE   C   TIME   WCPU COMMAND\n"
"  557 root          1 -21  r31   136M 42296K select  0   2:20  9.96% Xorg\n"
" 8198 dru           2  52    0   449M 82736K select  3   0:08  5.96% kdeinit4\n"
" 8311 dru          27  30    0  1150M   187M uwait   1   1:37  0.98% firefox\n"
"  431 root          1  20    0 14268K  1728K select  0   0:06  0.98% moused\n"
" 9551 dru           1  21    0 16600K  2660K CPU3    3   0:01  0.98% top\n"
" 2357 dru           4  37    0   718M   141M select  0   0:21  0.00% kdeinit4\n"
" 8705 dru           4  35    0   480M    98M select  2   0:20  0.00% kdeinit4\n"
" 8076 dru           6  20    0   552M   113M uwait   0   0:12  0.00% soffice.bin\n"
" 2623 root          1  30   10 12088K  1636K select  3   0:09  0.00% powerd\n"
" 2338 dru           1  20    0   440M 84532K select  1   0:06  0.00% kwin\n"
" 1427 dru           5  22    0   605M 86412K select  1   0:05  0.00% kdeinit4"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8160
msgid ""
"The output is split into two sections. The header (the first five or six "
"lines) shows the <acronym>PID</acronym> of the last process to run, the "
"system load averages (which are a measure of how busy the system is), the "
"system uptime (time since the last reboot) and the current time. The other "
"figures in the header relate to how many processes are running, how much "
"memory and swap space has been used, and how much time the system is "
"spending in different CPU states. If the <acronym>ZFS</acronym> file system "
"module has been loaded, an <literal>ARC</literal> line indicates how much "
"data was read from the memory cache instead of from disk."
msgstr ""
"輸出的資訊分成兩個部份。開頭 (前五行或六行) 顯示出最近一個程序的 "
"<acronym>PID</acronym>、系統平均負載 (系統忙磁程度評估方式)、系統的開機時間 "
"(自上次重新開機) 以及現在的時間等。 在開頭裡面的其他數字分別是在講有多少程序"
"正在執行、有多少記憶體及交換空間被占用了，還有就是系統分別花了多少時間在不同"
"的 CPU 狀態上。若有載入 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> 檔案系統模組，會有一行 "
"<literal>ARC</literal> 標示有多少資料從磁碟改由記憶體快取中取得。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8172
msgid ""
"Below the header is a series of columns containing similar information to "
"the output from <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, such as the <acronym>PID</acronym>, username, "
"amount of CPU time, and the command that started the process. By default, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> also displays the amount of memory space taken by the process. "
"This is split into two columns: one for total size and one for resident "
"size. Total size is how much memory the application has needed and the "
"resident size is how much it is actually using now."
msgstr ""
"接下來的部份是由好幾個欄位所構成，和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 輸出的資訊類似。 就如同"
"前例，您可以看到 <acronym>PID</acronym>、使用者名稱、CPU 花費的時間以及正在執"
"行的指令。 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 在預設的情況下還會告訴您程序用掉了多少的記憶體空"
"間。 在這邊會分成兩欄，一個是總用量 (Total size)，另一個是實際用量 (Resident "
"size)——總用量是指這個應用程式需要的記憶體空間，而實際用量則是指目前實際上該程"
"式的記憶體使用量。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8182
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> automatically updates the display every two seconds. A "
"different interval can be specified with <option>-s</option>."
msgstr ""
"top(1) 每隔 2 秒鐘會自動更新顯示內容，可用 <option>-s</option> 選項來改變間隔"
"的時間。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:8188
msgid "Killing Processes"
msgstr "終止程序"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8190
msgid ""
"One way to communicate with any running process or daemon is to send a "
"<firstterm>signal</firstterm> using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kill</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. There are a number of "
"different signals; some have a specific meaning while others are described "
"in the application's documentation. A user can only send a signal to a "
"process they own and sending a signal to someone else's process will result "
"in a permission denied error. The exception is the <systemitem class="
"\"username\">root</systemitem> user, who can send signals to anyone's "
"processes."
msgstr ""
"要與執行中的程序或 Daemon 溝通唯一的方法是透過 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 指令傳送<firstterm>信號 (Signal)</firstterm>。 信號有很多種，有"
"些有特定的意義，有些則是會由應用程式來解讀，應用程式的說明文件會告訴您該程式"
"是如何解讀信號。 使用者只能送信號給自己所擁有的程序，送信號給其他人的程序會出"
"現權限不足的錯誤。 唯一的例外是 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</"
"systemitem>使用者，他可以送信號給任何人的程序。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8200
msgid ""
"The operating system can also send a signal to a process. If an application "
"is badly written and tries to access memory that it is not supposed to, "
"FreeBSD will send the process the <quote>Segmentation Violation</quote> "
"signal (<literal>SIGSEGV</literal>). If an application has been written to "
"use the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>alarm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> system call to be alerted after a period of time "
"has elapsed, it will be sent the <quote>Alarm</quote> signal "
"(<literal>SIGALRM</literal>)."
msgstr ""
"作業系統在某些情況也會送信號給應用程式。 假設有個應用程式寫得不好，企圖要存取"
"它不該碰的記憶體的時候，FreeBSD 會送一個 <quote>Segmentation Violation</"
"quote> 信號 (<literal>SIGSEGV</literal>) 給這個程序。 如果有一個應用程式用了 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>alarm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的系統呼叫 (System call) 要求系統在過一段時間之後發出通知，時間"
"到了的時候系統就會發出<quote>通知</quote>信號 (<literal>SIGALRM</literal>) 給"
"該程式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8210
msgid ""
"Two signals can be used to stop a process: <literal>SIGTERM</literal> and "
"<literal>SIGKILL</literal>. <literal>SIGTERM</literal> is the polite way to "
"kill a process as the process can read the signal, close any log files it "
"may have open, and attempt to finish what it is doing before shutting down. "
"In some cases, a process may ignore <literal>SIGTERM</literal> if it is in "
"the middle of some task that cannot be interrupted."
msgstr ""
"<literal>SIGTERM</literal> 與 <literal>SIGKILL</literal> 這兩個信號可以拿來終"
"止程序。 用 <literal>SIGTERM</literal> 結束程序是比較有禮貌的方式，該程序收到"
"信號後可以把自已所使用的日誌檔關閉及其他要在結束前要做的事完成， 然後在關掉程"
"序之前結束掉手邊的工作。 在某些情況下程序有可能會忽略 <literal>SIGTERM</"
"literal>，如它正在做一些不能中斷的工作的話。"

#. (itstool) path: footnote/para
#: book.translate.xml:8222
msgid ""
"There are a few tasks that cannot be interrupted. For example, if the "
"process is trying to read from a file that is on another computer on the "
"network, and the other computer is unavailable, the process is said to be "
"<quote>uninterruptible</quote>. Eventually the process will time out, "
"typically after two minutes. As soon as this time out occurs the process "
"will be killed."
msgstr ""
"還是有少數東西不能被中斷。 例如有個程序正在從網路上的別的電腦讀一個檔案， 而"
"那部電腦因為某些理由連不到，那這個程序就是一個 <quote>不能中斷的</quote> 程"
"序。 通常在經過 2 分鐘左右之後這個程序會逾時。 當發生逾時的時候這個程序就會被"
"結束掉了。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8219
msgid ""
"<literal>SIGKILL</literal> cannot be ignored by a process. Sending a "
"<literal>SIGKILL</literal> to a process will usually stop that process there "
"and then. <_:footnote-1/>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>SIGKILL</literal> 就沒有辦法被程序忽略。 傳送 <literal>SIGKILL</"
"literal> 信號給程序通常會將程序直接中止<_:footnote-1/>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8231
msgid ""
"Other commonly used signals are <literal>SIGHUP</literal>, <literal>SIGUSR1</"
"literal>, and <literal>SIGUSR2</literal>. Since these are general purpose "
"signals, different applications will respond differently."
msgstr ""
"其他常用的信號有：<literal>SIGHUP</literal>, <literal>SIGUSR1</literal> 及 "
"<literal>SIGUSR2</literal>。 這些是通用的信號，對不同的應用程式會有不同的反"
"應。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8236
msgid ""
"For example, after changing a web server's configuration file, the web "
"server needs to be told to re-read its configuration. Restarting "
"<command>httpd</command> would result in a brief outage period on the web "
"server. Instead, send the daemon the <literal>SIGHUP</literal> signal. Be "
"aware that different daemons will have different behavior, so refer to the "
"documentation for the daemon to determine if <literal>SIGHUP</literal> will "
"achieve the desired results."
msgstr ""
"舉例來說，當您更動了網頁伺服器的設定檔，您想要叫網頁伺服器去重新讀取設定。 重"
"新啟動 <command>httpd</command> 會造成網頁伺服器暫停服務一段時間，我們可以傳"
"送 <literal>SIGHUP</literal> 信號來取代關掉重開。 不同的 Daemon 會有不同的行"
"為，所以使用前請先參考 Deamon 的說明文件查看是否可以達到想要的結果。"

#. (itstool) path: procedure/title
#: book.translate.xml:8247
msgid "Sending a Signal to a Process"
msgstr "送信號給程序"

#. (itstool) path: procedure/para
#: book.translate.xml:8249
msgid ""
"This example shows how to send a signal to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> configuration file is "
"<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename>, and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> will re-read this configuration file when it is sent a "
"<literal>SIGHUP</literal>."
msgstr ""
"這個範例將會示範如何送一個信號給 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的設定檔是 <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename>，而 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 會在收到 <literal>SIGHUP</literal> 的時候重新讀取這個設定檔。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:8256
msgid ""
"Find the <acronym>PID</acronym> of the process to send the signal to using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pgrep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. In this example, the <acronym>PID</acronym> for "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is 198:"
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pgrep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來查詢要傳送信號的目標程序。 在這個例子中 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的 <acronym>PID</acronym> 為 198："

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8260
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>pgrep -l inetd</userinput>\n"
"198  inetd -wW"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:8266
msgid ""
"Use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to send the signal. Because "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is owned by <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, "
"use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> to become <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> "
"first."
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來發送信號。因為 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 是 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 所有，因此"
"必須先用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 切換成 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</"
"systemitem> 先。"

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8273
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>su</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>Password:</prompt>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>/bin/kill -s HUP 198</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:8277
msgid ""
"Like most <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> commands, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> will not print any output if it is successful. If a signal is "
"sent to a process not owned by that user, the message <errorname>kill: "
"<replaceable>PID</replaceable>: Operation not permitted</errorname> will be "
"displayed. Mistyping the <acronym>PID</acronym> will either send the signal "
"to the wrong process, which could have negative results, or will send the "
"signal to a <acronym>PID</acronym> that is not currently in use, resulting "
"in the error <errorname>kill: <replaceable>PID</replaceable>: No such "
"process</errorname>."
msgstr ""
"對大多數 <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 指令來講，"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 執行成功時並不會輸出任何訊息。 假設您送一個信號給某個不是使用者"
"所擁有的程序， 那麼就會顯示這個錯誤訊息： <errorname>kill: <replaceable>PID</"
"replaceable>: Operation not permitted</errorname>。 若打錯 <acronym>PID</"
"acronym> 的話，那就會把信號送給錯誤的程序，並把該程序關閉，或者是把信號送給一"
"個非使用中的 <acronym>PID</acronym>，那您就會看到錯誤：<errorname>kill: "
"<replaceable>PID</replaceable>: No such process</errorname>。"

#. (itstool) path: note/title
#: book.translate.xml:8290
msgid "Why Use <command>/bin/kill</command>?"
msgstr "為何要使用 <command>/bin/kill</command>？ "

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:8292
msgid ""
"Many shells provide <command>kill</command> as a built in command, meaning "
"that the shell will send the signal directly, rather than running <filename>/"
"bin/kill</filename>. Be aware that different shells have a different syntax "
"for specifying the name of the signal to send. Rather than try to learn all "
"of them, it can be simpler to specify <command>/bin/kill</command>."
msgstr ""
"多數 Shell 都有提供內建的 <command>kill</command> 指令。 也就是說這種 shell "
"會直接發送信號，而不是執行 <filename>/bin/kill</filename>。 但要小心不同的 "
"shell 會有不同的語法來指定信號的名稱等。 與其嘗試去把它們通通學會，不如就單純"
"的直接用 <command>/bin/kill</command>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8304
msgid ""
"When sending other signals, substitute <literal>TERM</literal> or "
"<literal>KILL</literal> with the name of the signal."
msgstr ""
"要送其他的信號的話也是非常類似，就視需要把指令中的 <literal>TERM</literal> "
"或 <literal>KILL</literal> 替換成其他信號的名稱即可。"

#. (itstool) path: important/para
#: book.translate.xml:8309
msgid ""
"Killing a random process on the system is a bad idea. In particular, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <acronym>PID</acronym> 1, is special. Running <command>/bin/"
"kill -s KILL 1</command> is a quick, and unrecommended, way to shutdown the "
"system. <emphasis>Always</emphasis> double check the arguments to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> <emphasis>before</emphasis> pressing <keycap>Return</keycap>."
msgstr ""
"隨便抓一個系統中的程序然後把他砍掉並不是個好主意。 特別是 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>， <acronym>PID</acronym> 1 是一個非常特別的程序。 執行 "
"<command>/bin/kill -s KILL 1</command> 的結果就是系統立刻關機。 因此在您按下 "
"<keycap>Return</keycap> 要執行 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kill</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 之前， 請<emphasis>一定"
"要</emphasis>記得再次確認您下的參數。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:8321
msgid "Shells"
msgstr "Shell"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:8323
msgid "<primary>shells</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:8326
msgid "<primary>command line</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8330
msgid ""
"A <firstterm>shell</firstterm> provides a command line interface for "
"interacting with the operating system. A shell receives commands from the "
"input channel and executes them. Many shells provide built in functions to "
"help with everyday tasks such as file management, file globbing, command "
"line editing, command macros, and environment variables. FreeBSD comes with "
"several shells, including the Bourne shell (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>) and the extended C "
"shell (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>). Other shells are available from the FreeBSD "
"Ports Collection, such as <command>zsh</command> and <command>bash</command>."
msgstr ""
"<firstterm>Shell</firstterm> 提供了指令列介面可用來與作業系統互動，Shell 負責"
"從輸入的頻道接收指令並執行它們。 多數 Shell 也內建一些有助於日常工作的功能，"
"像是檔案管理、檔案搜尋、指令列編輯、指令巨集以及環境變數等。 FreeBSD 有內附了"
"幾個 Shell，包含 Bourne Shell (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>)，與改良版的 C-shell "
"(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>)。 還有許多其他的 Shell 可以從 FreeBSD Port 套件集中取得，像是 "
"<command>zsh</command> 以及 <command>bash</command> 等。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8341
msgid ""
"The shell that is used is really a matter of taste. A C programmer might "
"feel more comfortable with a C-like shell such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. A <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> user "
"might prefer <command>bash</command>. Each shell has unique properties that "
"may or may not work with a user's preferred working environment, which is "
"why there is a choice of which shell to use."
msgstr ""
"要用哪個 Shell 牽涉到每個人的喜好。 如果您是一個 C 程式設計師，那對於使用像"
"是 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 這種 C-like 的 shell 可能會感到較容易上手。 如果是 "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> 的使用者，那您也許會想要用 "
"<command>bash</command>。 每一個 Shell 都有自已獨特之處，至於這些特點能不能符"
"合使用者的喜好，就是您選擇 shell 的重點了。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8348
msgid ""
"One common shell feature is filename completion. After a user types the "
"first few letters of a command or filename and presses <keycap>Tab</keycap>, "
"the shell completes the rest of the command or filename. Consider two files "
"called <filename>foobar</filename> and <filename>football</filename>. To "
"delete <filename>foobar</filename>, the user might type <command>rm foo</"
"command> and press <keycap>Tab</keycap> to complete the filename."
msgstr ""
"常見的 Shell 功能之一就是檔名自動補齊。 首先輸入指令或檔案的前幾個字母，然後"
"按下 <keycap>Tab</keycap> 鍵，Shell 就會自動把指令或是檔案名稱剩餘的部份補"
"齊。 假設您有兩個檔案分別叫作 <filename>foobar</filename> 及 "
"<filename>football</filename>。 要刪掉 <filename>foobar</filename>，那麼可以"
"輸入 <command>rm foo</command> 然後按下 <keycap>Tab</keycap> 來補齊檔名。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8357
msgid ""
"But the shell only shows <command>rm foo</command>. It was unable to "
"complete the filename because both <filename>foobar</filename> and "
"<filename>football</filename> start with <literal>foo</literal>. Some shells "
"sound a beep or show all the choices if more than one name matches. The user "
"must then type more characters to identify the desired filename. Typing a "
"<literal>t</literal> and pressing <keycap>Tab</keycap> again is enough to "
"let the shell determine which filename is desired and fill in the rest."
msgstr ""
"但 Shell 只顯示了 <command>rm foo</command>，這代表它沒有辦法完全自動補齊檔"
"名，因為有不只一個檔名符合條件。 <filename>foobar</filename> 和 "
"<filename>football</filename> 都是 <literal>foo</literal> 開頭的檔名。 有一"
"些 Shell 會有嗶的音效或者顯示所有符符條件的檔名。 使用者只需要多打幾個字元來"
"分辦想要的檔名。 輸入 <literal>t</literal> 然後再按 <keycap>Tab</keycap> 一"
"次，那 Shell 就能夠替您把剩下的檔名填滿了。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:8367
msgid "<primary>environment variables</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8371
msgid ""
"Another feature of the shell is the use of environment variables. "
"Environment variables are a variable/key pair stored in the shell's "
"environment. This environment can be read by any program invoked by the "
"shell, and thus contains a lot of program configuration. <xref linkend="
"\"shell-env-vars\"/> provides a list of common environment variables and "
"their meanings. Note that the names of environment variables are always in "
"uppercase."
msgstr ""
"Shell 的另一項特點是使用了環境變數。 環境變數是以變數與鍵值 (Variable/Key) 的"
"對應關係儲存於 Shell 的環境，任何由該 Shell 所產生的程序都可以讀取此環境變"
"數， 因此環境變數儲存了許多程序的設定。 <xref linkend=\"shell-env-vars\"/> 提"
"供了常見的環境變數與其涵義的清單。 請注意環境變數的名稱永遠以大寫表示。"

#. (itstool) path: table/title
#: book.translate.xml:8381
msgid "Common Environment Variables"
msgstr "常用環境變數"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8386 book.translate.xml:22933
msgid "Variable"
msgstr "變數"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8393
msgid "<envar>USER</envar>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8394
msgid "Current logged in user's name."
msgstr "目前登入的使用者名稱。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8398
msgid "<envar>PATH</envar>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8399
msgid "Colon-separated list of directories to search for binaries."
msgstr "以冒號 (:) 隔開的目錄列表，用以搜尋執行檔的路徑。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8404
msgid "<envar>DISPLAY</envar>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8405
msgid ""
"Network name of the <application>Xorg</application> display to connect to, "
"if available."
msgstr ""
"若存在這個環境變數，則代表 <application>Xorg</application> 顯示器的網路名稱。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8411
msgid "<envar>SHELL</envar>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8412
msgid "The current shell."
msgstr "目前使用的 Shell。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8416
msgid "<envar>TERM</envar>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8418
msgid ""
"The name of the user's type of terminal. Used to determine the capabilities "
"of the terminal."
msgstr "使用者終端機類型的名稱，用來判斷終端機有那些功能。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8423
msgid "<envar>TERMCAP</envar>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8425
msgid ""
"Database entry of the terminal escape codes to perform various terminal "
"functions."
msgstr ""
"用來執行各種終端機功能的終端機跳脫碼 (Terminal escape code) 的資料庫項目。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8430
msgid "<envar>OSTYPE</envar>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8431
msgid "Type of operating system."
msgstr "作業系統的類型。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8435
msgid "<envar>MACHTYPE</envar>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8436
msgid "The system's CPU architecture."
msgstr "系統的 CPU 架構。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8440
msgid "<envar>EDITOR</envar>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8441
msgid "The user's preferred text editor."
msgstr "使用者偏好的文字編輯器。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8445
msgid "<envar>PAGER</envar>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8446
msgid "The user's preferred utility for viewing text one page at a time."
msgstr "使用者偏好的文字分頁檢視工具。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8451
msgid "<envar>MANPATH</envar>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:8452
msgid "Colon-separated list of directories to search for manual pages."
msgstr "以冒號 (:) 隔開的目錄列表，用以搜尋使用手冊的路徑。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:8459
msgid "<primary>Bourne shells</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8463
msgid ""
"How to set an environment variable differs between shells. In "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>csh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, use <command>setenv</"
"command> to set environment variables. In <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <command>bash</"
"command>, use <command>export</command> to set the current environment "
"variables. This example sets the default <envar>EDITOR</envar> to <filename>/"
"usr/local/bin/emacs</filename> for the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcsh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> shell:"
msgstr ""
"在不同的 Shell 底下設定環境變數的方式也有所不同。 在 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>csh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>，使用 <command>setenv</"
"command> 來設定環境變數。 在 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <command>bash</"
"command> 則使用 <command>export</command> 來設定目前環境的變數。 以下範例將 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> Shell 下的 <envar>EDITOR</envar> 環境變數從預設值更改為 "
"<filename>/usr/local/bin/emacs</filename>："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8472
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>setenv EDITOR /usr/local/bin/emacs</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8474
msgid "The equivalent command for <command>bash</command> would be:"
msgstr "相同功能的指令在 <command>bash</command> 下則是："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8477
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>export EDITOR=\"/usr/local/bin/emacs\"</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8479
msgid ""
"To expand an environment variable in order to see its current setting, type "
"a <literal>$</literal> character in front of its name on the command line. "
"For example, <command>echo $TERM</command> displays the current <envar>"
"$TERM</envar> setting."
msgstr ""
"要展開以顯示目前環境變數中的值，只要在指令列輸入環境變數之前加上 <literal>$</"
"literal> 字元。 舉例來說，<command>echo $TERM</command> 會顯示出目前 <envar>"
"$TERM</envar> 的設定值。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8485
msgid ""
"Shells treat special characters, known as meta-characters, as special "
"representations of data. The most common meta-character is <literal>*</"
"literal>, which represents any number of characters in a filename. Meta-"
"characters can be used to perform filename globbing. For example, "
"<command>echo *</command> is equivalent to <command>ls</command> because the "
"shell takes all the files that match <literal>*</literal> and <command>echo</"
"command> lists them on the command line."
msgstr ""
"Shell 中有特殊字元用來表示特殊資料，我們將其稱作 Meta-character。 其中最常見"
"的 Meta-character 是 <literal>*</literal> 字元，它代表了檔名中的任意字元。 "
"Meta-character 可以用在搜尋檔名，舉例來說，輸入 <command>echo *</command> 會"
"和輸入 <command>ls</command> 得到幾乎相同的結果，這是因為 shell 會將所有符合 "
"<literal>*</literal> 字元的檔案由 <command>echo</command> 顯示出來。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8495
msgid ""
"To prevent the shell from interpreting a special character, escape it from "
"the shell by starting it with a backslash (<literal>\\</literal>). For "
"example, <command>echo $TERM</command> prints the terminal setting whereas "
"<command>echo \\$TERM</command> literally prints the string <literal>$TERM</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""
"為了避免 Shell 轉譯這些特殊字元，我們可以在這些特殊字元前放一個反斜線 "
"(<literal>\\</literal>) 字元使他們跳脫 (Escape) Shell 的轉譯。舉例來說，"
"<command>echo $TERM</command> 會印出你目前終端機的設定， <command>echo \\"
"$TERM</command> 則會直接印出 <literal>$TERM</literal> 這幾個字。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:8503
msgid "Changing the Shell"
msgstr "變更 Shell"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8505
msgid ""
"The easiest way to permanently change the default shell is to use "
"<command>chsh</command>. Running this command will open the editor that is "
"configured in the <envar>EDITOR</envar> environment variable, which by "
"default is set to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Change the "
"<literal>Shell:</literal> line to the full path of the new shell."
msgstr ""
"永久變更 Shell 最簡單的方法就是透過 <command>chsh</command> 指令。 執行 "
"<command>chsh</command> 將會使用環境變數中 <envar>EDITOR</envar> 指定的文字編"
"輯器，如果沒有設定，則預設是 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。 請修改 "
"<literal>Shell:</literal> 為新的 Shell 的完整路徑。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8512
msgid ""
"Alternately, use <command>chsh -s</command> which will set the specified "
"shell without opening an editor. For example, to change the shell to "
"<command>bash</command>:"
msgstr ""
"或者，使用 <command>chsh -s</command>， 來直接設定 Shell 而不開啟文字編輯"
"器。 例如， 假設想把 Shell 更改為 <command>bash</command>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8516
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:8519
msgid ""
"The new shell <emphasis>must</emphasis> be present in <filename>/etc/shells</"
"filename>. If the shell was installed from the FreeBSD Ports Collection as "
"described in <xref linkend=\"ports\"/>, it should be automatically added to "
"this file. If it is missing, add it using this command, replacing the path "
"with the path of the shell:"
msgstr ""
"新的 Shell <emphasis>必須</emphasis>已列於 <filename>/etc/shells</filename> "
"裡頭。 若是依 <xref linkend=\"ports\"/> 說明由 Port 套件集來裝的 Shell， 那就"
"會自動列入至該檔案裡。 若仍缺少，請使用以下指令加入檔案 (請將路徑替換為新的 "
"Shell 的路徑)："

#. (itstool) path: note/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8526
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>echo <replaceable>/usr/local/bin/bash</replaceable> &gt;&gt; /etc/shells</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:8528
msgid ""
"Then, rerun <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"然後重新執行 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:8534
msgid "Advanced Shell Techniques"
msgstr "進階 Shell 技巧"

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:8537 book.translate.xml:30989 book.translate.xml:35394
#: book.translate.xml:35474 book.translate.xml:37083 book.translate.xml:44364
#: book.translate.xml:54680 book.translate.xml:55896
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Tom</firstname> <surname>Rhodes</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Written by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8547
msgid ""
"The <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> shell is not just a "
"command interpreter, it acts as a powerful tool which allows users to "
"execute commands, redirect their output, redirect their input and chain "
"commands together to improve the final command output. When this "
"functionality is mixed with built in commands, the user is provided with an "
"environment that can maximize efficiency."
msgstr ""
"<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> Shell 不只是指令的直譯器，它"
"是一個強大的工具可讓使用者執行指令、重新導向指令的輸出、重新導向指令的輸入並"
"將指令串連在一起來改進最終指令的輸出結果。當這個功能與內建的指令混合使用時，"
"可提供一個可以最佳化效率的環境給使用者。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8555
msgid ""
"Shell redirection is the action of sending the output or the input of a "
"command into another command or into a file. To capture the output of the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> command, for example, into a file, redirect the output:"
msgstr ""
"Shell 重新導向是將一個指令的輸出或輸入傳送給另一個指令或檔案。例如，要擷取 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 指令的輸出到一個檔案，可以重新導向輸出："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8560
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>ls &gt; directory_listing.txt</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8562
msgid ""
"The directory contents will now be listed in <filename>directory_listing."
"txt</filename>. Some commands can be used to read input, such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sort</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. To sort this listing, redirect the input:"
msgstr ""
"目錄的內容現在會列到 <filename>directory_listing.txt</filename> 中，部份指令"
"可以讀取輸入，例如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sort</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。要排序這個清單，可重新"
"導向輸入："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8567
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>sort &lt; directory_listing.txt</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8569
msgid ""
"The input will be sorted and placed on the screen. To redirect that input "
"into another file, one could redirect the output of "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sort</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> by mixing the direction:"
msgstr ""
"輸入的內容會被排序後呈現在畫面上，要重新導向該輸入到另一個檔案，可以重新導向 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sort</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的出輸："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8573
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>sort &lt; directory_listing.txt &gt; sorted.txt</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8575
msgid ""
"In all of the previous examples, the commands are performing redirection "
"using file descriptors. Every <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</"
"trademark> system has file descriptors, which include standard input "
"(stdin), standard output (stdout), and standard error (stderr). Each one has "
"a purpose, where input could be a keyboard or a mouse, something that "
"provides input. Output could be a screen or paper in a printer. And error "
"would be anything that is used for diagnostic or error messages. All three "
"are considered <acronym>I/O</acronym> based file descriptors and sometimes "
"considered streams."
msgstr ""
"於上述所有的範例中，指令會透過檔案描述符 (File descriptor) 來執行重新導向。每"
"個 <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 系統都有檔案描述符，其中"
"包含了標準輸入 (stdin)、標準輸出 (stdout) 以及標準錯誤 (stderr)。每一種檔案描"
"述符都有特定的用途，輸入可能來自鍵盤或滑鼠、任何可能提供輸入的來源，輸出則可"
"能是螢幕或印表機中的紙張，而錯誤則為任何可能用來診斷的資訊或錯誤訊息。這三種"
"皆被認為是以 I/O 為基礎的檔案描述符，有些也會被當做串流。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8586
msgid ""
"Through the use of these descriptors, the shell allows output and input to "
"be passed around through various commands and redirected to or from a file. "
"Another method of redirection is the pipe operator."
msgstr ""
"透過使用這些檔案描述符，Shell 能夠讓輸出與輸入在各種指令間傳遞與重新導向到或"
"自檔案。另一種重新導向的方式是使用管線運算子 (Pipe operator)。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8591
msgid ""
"The <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> pipe operator, <quote>|"
"</quote> allows the output of one command to be directly passed or directed "
"to another program. Basically, a pipe allows the standard output of a "
"command to be passed as standard input to another command, for example:"
msgstr ""
"<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 的管線運算子，即 <quote>|</"
"quote>，可允許指令的輸出可直接傳遞或導向到另一個程式。基本上，管線運算子允許"
"指令的標準輸出以標準輸入傳遞給另一個指令，例如："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8597
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>cat directory_listing.txt | sort | less</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8599
msgid ""
"In that example, the contents of <filename>directory_listing.txt</filename> "
"will be sorted and the output passed to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>less</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This allows the user "
"to scroll through the output at their own pace and prevent it from scrolling "
"off the screen."
msgstr ""
"在這個例子中，<filename>directory_listing.txt</filename> 的內容會被排序然後輸"
"出傳遞給 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>less</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>，這可讓使用者依自己的閱讀步調捲動輸出的結果，避免結"
"果直接捲動出畫面。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:8608
msgid "Text Editors"
msgstr "文字編輯器"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:8610
msgid "<primary>text editors</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:8613 book.translate.xml:8649
msgid "<primary>editors</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8617
msgid ""
"Most FreeBSD configuration is done by editing text files. Because of this, "
"it is a good idea to become familiar with a text editor. FreeBSD comes with "
"a few as part of the base system, and many more are available in the Ports "
"Collection."
msgstr ""
"在 FreeBSD 中有許多設定必須透過編輯文字檔完成。 因此，若能熟悉文字編輯器是再"
"好不過的。 FreeBSD 本身就內建幾種文字編輯器， 您也可以透過 Port 套件集來安裝"
"其他的文字編輯器。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:8622
msgid "<primary><command>ee</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:8625
msgid ""
"<primary>editors</primary> <secondary><citerefentry><refentrytitle>ee</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8630
msgid ""
"A simple editor to learn is <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ee</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, which stands for easy "
"editor. To start this editor, type <command>ee <replaceable>filename</"
"replaceable></command> where <replaceable>filename</replaceable> is the name "
"of the file to be edited. Once inside the editor, all of the commands for "
"manipulating the editor's functions are listed at the top of the display. "
"The caret (<literal>^</literal>) represents <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>, so "
"<literal>^e</literal> expands to <keycombo action=\"simul\"> <keycap>Ctrl</"
"keycap> <keycap>e</keycap> </keycombo>. To leave "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ee</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, press <keycap>Esc</keycap>, then choose the <quote>leave "
"editor</quote> option from the main menu. The editor will prompt to save any "
"changes if the file has been modified."
msgstr ""
"最簡單易學的文字編輯器叫做 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ee</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>，意為簡易的編輯器 "
"(Easy Editor)。 要開始使用這個編輯器， 只需輸入 <command>ee "
"<replaceable>filename</replaceable></command>，其中 <replaceable>filename</"
"replaceable> 代表你想要編輯的檔案名稱。 在編輯器中， 所有編輯器的功能與操作都"
"顯示在螢幕的上方。 其中的插入符號 (<literal>^</literal>) 代表鍵盤上的 "
"<keycap>Ctrl</keycap> 鍵，所以 <literal>^e</literal> 代表的是  <keycombo "
"action=\"simul\"> <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> <keycap>e</keycap> </keycombo>。 若要"
"結束 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ee</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>，請按下 <keycap>Esc</keycap> 鍵，接著選擇 "
"<quote>leave editor</quote> 即可。 此時如果該檔案有修改過，編輯器會提醒你是否"
"要存檔。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:8646
msgid "<primary><command>vi</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:8652
msgid "<primary><command>emacs</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8656
msgid ""
"FreeBSD also comes with more powerful text editors, such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, as part of the base system. Other editors, like "
"<package>editors/emacs</package> and <package>editors/vim</package>, are "
"part of the FreeBSD Ports Collection. These editors offer more functionality "
"at the expense of being more complicated to learn. Learning a more powerful "
"editor such as <application>vim</application> or <application>Emacs</"
"application> can save more time in the long run."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 同時也內建功能強大的文字編輯器，像是<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。 其他編輯器如 "
"<package>editors/emacs</package> 及 <package>editors/vim</package> 則由 "
"FreeBSD Port 套件集提供。 這些編輯器提供更強的功能，但是也比較難學習。 長期來"
"看學習 <application>vim</application> 或 <application>Emacs</application> 會"
"在日後為您省下更多的時間。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8666
msgid ""
"Many applications which modify files or require typed input will "
"automatically open a text editor. To change the default editor, set the "
"<envar>EDITOR</envar> environment variable as described in <xref linkend="
"\"shells\"/>."
msgstr ""
"有許多應用程式在修改檔案或需要輸入時會自動開啟文字編輯器，要更改預設的編輯器"
"可設定 <envar>EDITOR</envar> 環境變數如 <xref linkend=\"shells\"/> 所說明。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:8673
msgid "Devices and Device Nodes"
msgstr "裝置及裝置節點"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8675
msgid ""
"A device is a term used mostly for hardware-related activities in a system, "
"including disks, printers, graphics cards, and keyboards. When FreeBSD "
"boots, the majority of the boot messages refer to devices being detected. A "
"copy of the boot messages are saved to <filename>/var/run/dmesg.boot</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""
"裝置 (Device) 一詞大多是跟硬體比較有關的術語，包括磁碟、印表機、顯示卡和鍵"
"盤。 FreeBSD 開機過程當中，開機訊息 (Boot Message) 中主要是會列出偵測到的硬體"
"裝置，開機訊息的複本也會存放在 <filename>/var/run/dmesg.boot</filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8682
msgid ""
"Each device has a device name and number. For example, <filename>ada0</"
"filename> is the first SATA hard drive, while <filename>kbd0</filename> "
"represents the keyboard."
msgstr ""
"每一個裝置都有一個裝置名稱及編號，舉例來說 <filename>ada0</filename> 是第一"
"台 SATA 硬碟，而 <filename>kbd0</filename> 則代表鍵盤。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8687
msgid ""
"Most devices in FreeBSD must be accessed through special files called device "
"nodes, which are located in <filename>/dev</filename>."
msgstr ""
"在 FreeBSD 中大多數的裝置必須透過裝置節點 (Device Node) 的特殊檔案來存取，這"
"些檔案會放置在 <filename>/dev</filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:8693
msgid "Manual Pages"
msgstr "操作手冊"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:8695
msgid "<primary>manual pages</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8699
msgid ""
"The most comprehensive documentation on FreeBSD is in the form of manual "
"pages. Nearly every program on the system comes with a short reference "
"manual explaining the basic operation and available arguments. These manuals "
"can be viewed using <command>man</command>:"
msgstr ""
"在 FreeBSD 中，最詳細的文件莫過於操作手冊。 幾乎在系統上所有程式都會有簡短的"
"操作手冊來介紹該程式的基本操作以及可用的參數。 這些操作手冊可以使用 "
"<command>man</command> 指令來檢視："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8705
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>man <replaceable>command</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8707
msgid ""
"where <replaceable>command</replaceable> is the name of the command to learn "
"about. For example, to learn more about <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, type:"
msgstr ""
"其中 <replaceable>command</replaceable> 想要瞭解指令的名稱。 舉例，要知道 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的詳細用法，就可以打："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8711
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>man ls</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8713
msgid ""
"Manual pages are divided into sections which represent the type of topic. In "
"FreeBSD, the following sections are available:"
msgstr ""
"操作手冊被分成很多個章節，每個章節有不同的主題。 在 FreeBSD 中操作手冊有以下"
"章節："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8719
msgid "User commands."
msgstr "使用者指令。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8723
msgid "System calls and error numbers."
msgstr "系統呼叫 (System call) 與錯誤編號。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8727
msgid "Functions in the C libraries."
msgstr "C 程式庫函數。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8731
msgid "Device drivers."
msgstr "裝置驅動程式。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8735
msgid "File formats."
msgstr "檔案格式。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8739
msgid "Games and other diversions."
msgstr "遊戲及其他程式。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8743
msgid "Miscellaneous information."
msgstr "其他資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8747
msgid "System maintenance and operation commands."
msgstr "系統維護與操作指令。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8751
msgid "System kernel interfaces."
msgstr "系統核心介面。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8755
msgid ""
"In some cases, the same topic may appear in more than one section of the "
"online manual. For example, there is a <command>chmod</command> user command "
"and a <function>chmod()</function> system call. To tell "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>man</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> which section to display, specify the section number:"
msgstr ""
"有些情況會有同樣主題會同時出現在不同章節。 舉個例子，系統內會有 "
"<command>chmod</command> 使用者指令，但同時也有 <function>chmod()</function> "
"系統呼叫。 在這種情況，要告訴 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>man</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 要查詢的章節編號："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8761
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>man 1 chmod</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8763
msgid ""
"This will display the manual page for the user command "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. References to a particular section of the online manual are "
"traditionally placed in parenthesis in written documentation, so "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> refers to the user command and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> refers to the system call."
msgstr ""
"如此一來就會查詢使用者指令 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。 通常在寫文件時會把有"
"參考到特定章節的號碼寫在括號內。 所以 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 就是指使用者指令，而 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 則是指系統呼叫。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8769
msgid ""
"If the name of the manual page is unknown, use <command>man -k</command> to "
"search for keywords in the manual page descriptions:"
msgstr ""
"若不曉得操作手冊的名稱，可以使用 <command>man -k</command> 來以關鍵字查詢所有"
"操作手冊的描述："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8773
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>man -k <replaceable>mail</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8775
msgid ""
"This command displays a list of commands that have the keyword <quote>mail</"
"quote> in their descriptions. This is equivalent to using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apropos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"這個指令會顯示所有描述中有使用到關鍵字 <quote>mail</quote> 的指令。 這等同使"
"用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apropos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8779
msgid ""
"To read the descriptions for all of the commands in <filename>/usr/bin</"
"filename>, type:"
msgstr "想要閱讀所有在 <filename>/usr/bin</filename> 底下的指令說明則可輸入："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8782
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/bin</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>man -f * | more</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8785 book.translate.xml:49649
msgid "or"
msgstr "或"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8787
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/bin</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>whatis * |more</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:8791
msgid "GNU Info Files"
msgstr "GNU Info 檔"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8797
msgid ""
"FreeBSD includes several applications and utilities produced by the Free "
"Software Foundation (FSF). In addition to manual pages, these programs may "
"include hypertext documents called <literal>info</literal> files. These can "
"be viewed using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>info</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> or, if "
"<package>editors/emacs</package> is installed, the info mode of "
"<application>emacs</application>."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 有許多應用程式與工具來自自由軟體基金會 (Free Software Foundation, "
"FSF)。 除了操作手冊之外，這些程式提供了另外一種更具有彈性的超文字文件叫做 "
"<literal>info</literal> 檔。 這些檔案可以使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>info</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 指令來閱讀，或者若有裝 <package>editors/emacs</package> 亦可透"
"過 <application>emacs</application> 的 info 模式閱讀。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8805
msgid ""
"To use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>info</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, type:"
msgstr ""
"要使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>info</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 指令，只需輸入："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:8807
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>info</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:8809
msgid ""
"For a brief introduction, type <literal>h</literal>. For a quick command "
"reference, type <literal>?</literal>."
msgstr ""
"要查詢簡單說明請按 <literal>h</literal> 鍵，若要查訊快速指令參考請按 "
"<literal>?</literal> 鍵。"

#. (itstool) path: chapter/title
#: book.translate.xml:8823
msgid "Installing Applications: Packages and Ports"
msgstr "安裝應用程式：套件與 Port"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:8828
msgid "<primary>ports</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:8829
msgid "<primary>packages</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>套件</primary>"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8830
msgid ""
"FreeBSD is bundled with a rich collection of system tools as part of the "
"base system. In addition, FreeBSD provides two complementary technologies "
"for installing third-party software: the FreeBSD Ports Collection, for "
"installing from source, and packages, for installing from pre-built "
"binaries. Either method may be used to install software from local media or "
"from the network."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 內建豐富的系統工具集，此外 FreeBSD 提供了兩種安裝第三方軟體的套件管理"
"技術︰由原始碼安裝的 FreeBSD Port 套件集，以及由預先編譯好的 Binary 安裝的 "
"Binary  套件集。兩種方法都可使用本地的媒體或網路來安裝軟體。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8842
msgid "The difference between binary packages and ports."
msgstr "Binary 套件集與 Port 的差別。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8846
msgid "How to find third-party software that has been ported to FreeBSD."
msgstr "如何找到已移植到 FreeBSD 的第三方軟體。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8851
msgid "How to manage binary packages using <application>pkg</application>."
msgstr "如何使用 <application>pkg</application> 管理 Binary 套件。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8856
msgid ""
"How to build third-party software from source using the Ports Collection."
msgstr "如何編譯來自 Port 套件集的第三方軟體原始碼。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8861
msgid ""
"How to find the files installed with the application for post-installation "
"configuration."
msgstr "如何找到應用程式已安裝的檔案來完成安裝後的設定。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8866
msgid "What to do if a software installation fails."
msgstr "若軟體安裝失敗要如何處理。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:8872
msgid "Overview of Software Installation"
msgstr "安裝軟體的概要"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8874
msgid ""
"The typical steps for installing third-party software on a <trademark class="
"\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> system include:"
msgstr ""
"通常要在 <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 系統上安裝第三方軟"
"體時，有幾個步驟要作："

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:8879
msgid ""
"Find and download the software, which might be distributed in source code "
"format or as a binary."
msgstr "找到並且下載軟體，該軟體有可能以原始碼或 Binary 格式發佈。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:8884
msgid ""
"Unpack the software from its distribution format. This is typically a "
"tarball compressed with a program such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>compress</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gzip</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bzip2</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xz</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"自發佈的格式解壓縮軟體。 發佈的格式通常為 tarball 並以程式壓縮，如 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>compress</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gzip</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bzip2</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 或 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xz</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:8891
msgid ""
"Locate the documentation in <filename>INSTALL</filename>, <filename>README</"
"filename> or some file in a <filename>doc/</filename> subdirectory and read "
"up on how to install the software."
msgstr ""
"找到位於 <filename>INSTALL</filename>, <filename>README</filename> 或者 "
"<filename>doc/</filename> 子目錄底下的檔案閱讀如何安裝該軟體。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:8898
msgid ""
"If the software was distributed in source format, compile it. This may "
"involve editing a <filename>Makefile</filename> or running a "
"<command>configure</command> script."
msgstr ""
"若軟體是以原始碼的格式發佈則需要編譯該軟體。 這可能會需要修改 "
"<filename>Makefile</filename> 或執行 <command>configure</command> Script。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:8905
msgid "Test and install the software."
msgstr "測試並安裝該軟體。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8909
msgid ""
"A FreeBSD <emphasis>port</emphasis> is a collection of files designed to "
"automate the process of compiling an application from source code. The files "
"that comprise a port contain all the necessary information to automatically "
"download, extract, patch, compile, and install the application."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD <emphasis>Port</emphasis> 是指設計用來自動化從原始碼編譯應用程式整個"
"程序的一系列檔案，組成 Port 的檔案包含了自動下載、解壓縮、修補、編譯與安裝應"
"用程式的必要資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8916
msgid ""
"If the software has not already been adapted and tested on FreeBSD, the "
"source code might need editing in order for it to install and run properly."
msgstr ""
"若軟體尚未被 FreeBSD 採用並測試，可能會需要經過一些修正才能正常安裝並執行。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8920
msgid ""
"However, over <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/ports/index.html"
"\">24,000</link> third-party applications have already been ported to "
"FreeBSD. When feasible, these applications are made available for download "
"as pre-compiled <emphasis>packages</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"雖然如此，目前已有超過 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/ports/index.html"
"\">24,000</link> 個第三方應用程式已經被移植到 FreeBSD。當可行時，這些應用程式"
"也會做成預先編譯好的 <emphasis>套件 (Package)</emphasis> 供下載。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8925
msgid ""
"Packages can be manipulated with the FreeBSD package management commands."
msgstr "這些 Binary 套件可使用 FreeBSD 套件管理指令來管理。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8929
msgid ""
"Both packages and ports understand dependencies. If a package or port is "
"used to install an application and a dependent library is not already "
"installed, the library will automatically be installed first."
msgstr ""
"不論是 Binary 套件或者 Port 都有相依性，若用 Binary 套件或 Port 來安裝應用程"
"式，且該應用程式若有相依的程式庫尚未被安裝，則會自動先安裝該程式庫。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8934
msgid ""
"A FreeBSD package contains pre-compiled copies of all the commands for an "
"application, as well as any configuration files and documentation. A package "
"can be manipulated with the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> commands, such as "
"<command>pkg install</command>."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD  Binary 套件中含有一個應用程式中所有預先編譯好的指令、設定檔以及文"
"件，Binary 套件可以使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 指令來管理，如 "
"<command>pkg install</command>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:8940
msgid ""
"While the two technologies are similar, packages and ports each have their "
"own strengths. Select the technology that meets your requirements for "
"installing a particular application."
msgstr ""
"雖然兩種技術非常相似，但 Binary 套件及 Port 有各自的優點。 要視您要安裝的應用"
"程式需求來選擇。"

#. (itstool) path: itemizedlist/title
#: book.translate.xml:8946
msgid "Package Benefits"
msgstr "Binary 套件優點"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8949
msgid ""
"A compressed package tarball is typically smaller than the compressed "
"tarball containing the source code for the application."
msgstr "應用程式壓縮 Binary 套件的 tarball 會比壓縮原始碼的 tarball 還要小。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8955
msgid ""
"Packages do not require compilation time. For large applications, such as "
"<application>Mozilla</application>, <application>KDE</application>, or "
"<application>GNOME</application>, this can be important on a slow system."
msgstr ""
"安裝 Binary 套件不需要編譯的時間，對於較慢的電腦要安裝大型的應用程式如 "
"<application>Mozilla</application>, <application>KDE</application> 或 "
"<application>GNOME</application> 這點顯的相當重要。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8963
msgid ""
"Packages do not require any understanding of the process involved in "
"compiling software on FreeBSD."
msgstr "Binary 套件不需要了解在 FreeBSD 上編譯軟體的流程。"

#. (itstool) path: itemizedlist/title
#: book.translate.xml:8969
msgid "Port Benefits"
msgstr "Port 套件優點"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8972
msgid ""
"Packages are normally compiled with conservative options because they have "
"to run on the maximum number of systems. By compiling from the port, one can "
"change the compilation options."
msgstr ""
"由於 Binary 套件必須盡可能在大多數系統上執行，通常會採用較通用的編譯選項來編"
"譯，由 Port 來編輯可更改編譯選項。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8979
msgid ""
"Some applications have compile-time options relating to which features are "
"installed. For example, <application>Apache</application> can be configured "
"with a wide variety of different built-in options."
msgstr ""
"部份應用程式編譯期選項會與要安裝的功能有關，舉例來說 <application>Apache</"
"application> 便有大量不同的內建選項可以設定。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8984
msgid ""
"In some cases, multiple packages will exist for the same application to "
"specify certain settings. For example, <application>Ghostscript</"
"application> is available as a <filename>ghostscript</filename> package and "
"a <filename>ghostscript-nox11</filename> package, depending on whether or "
"not <application>Xorg</application> is installed. Creating multiple packages "
"rapidly becomes impossible if an application has more than one or two "
"different compile-time options."
msgstr ""
"在某些情況，同樣的應用程式會存在多個不同的 Binary 套件，如 "
"<application>Ghostscript</application> 有 <filename>ghostscript</filename> "
"及 <filename>ghostscript-nox11</filename> 兩種 Binary 套件，用來區別是否有安"
"裝 <application>Xorg</application>。 若應用程式有一個以上的編譯期選項便無法用"
"這個方式來區別 Binary 套件。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:8996
msgid ""
"The licensing conditions of some software forbid binary distribution. Such "
"software must be distributed as source code which must be compiled by the "
"end-user."
msgstr ""
"部份軟體的授權條款中禁止以 Binary 格式發佈。 這種軟體必須以原始碼發佈並由終端"
"使用者編譯。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9002
msgid ""
"Some people do not trust binary distributions or prefer to read through "
"source code in order to look for potential problems."
msgstr "部份人並不相信 Binary 發佈版本，寧願閱讀原始碼來查看是否潛藏的問題。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9008
msgid "Source code is needed in order to apply custom patches."
msgstr "原始碼可套用自訂的修補。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:9013
msgid ""
"To keep track of updated ports, subscribe to the <link xlink:href=\"http://"
"lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ports\">FreeBSD ports mailing "
"list</link> and the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/"
"listinfo/freebsd-ports-bugs\">FreeBSD ports bugs mailing list</link>."
msgstr ""
"要持續追蹤 Port 的更新可以訂閱 <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/"
"mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ports\">FreeBSD Port 郵遞論壇</link> 與 <link xlink:"
"href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ports-bugs"
"\">FreeBSD Port 問題郵遞論壇</link>。"

#. (itstool) path: warning/para
#: book.translate.xml:9017
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Before installing any application, check <link xlink:href=\"https://vuxml."
"freebsd.org/\"/> for security issues related to the application or type "
"<command>pkg audit -F</command> to check all installed applications for "
"known vulnerabilities."
msgstr ""
"在安裝任何應用程式之前，請先查看 <link xlink:href=\"http://vuxml.freebsd.org/"
"\"/> 是否有與該應用程式相關的安全性問題或輸入 <command>pkg audit -F</"
"command> 來檢查所有已安裝的應用程式是否有已知的漏洞。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:9023
msgid ""
"The remainder of this chapter explains how to use packages and ports to "
"install and manage third-party software on FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"本章接下來的部份將說明如何在 FreeBSD 使用 Binary 套件及 Port 套件安裝與管理第"
"三方軟體。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:9029
msgid "Finding Software"
msgstr "搜尋軟體"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:9031
msgid ""
"FreeBSD's list of available applications is growing all the time. There are "
"a number of ways to find software to install:"
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 上可安裝的軟體清單不斷在增加， 有幾種方式可以來找你想安裝的軟體："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9037
msgid ""
"The FreeBSD web site maintains an up-to-date searchable list of all the "
"available applications, at <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/ports/index."
"html\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/</link>. The ports can be searched by "
"application name or by software category."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 網站有維護一份可搜尋的最新應用程式清單，在 <link xlink:href="
"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/ports/index.html\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/</"
"link>。 可以依應用程式名稱或軟體分類來搜尋 Port。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:9044
msgid "<primary>FreshPorts</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9046
msgid ""
"Dan Langille maintains <link xlink:href=\"http://www.FreshPorts.org/"
"\">FreshPorts.org</link> which provides a comprehensive search utility and "
"also tracks changes to the applications in the Ports Collection. Registered "
"users can create a customized watch list in order to receive an automated "
"email when their watched ports are updated."
msgstr ""
"由 Dan Langille 維護的 <link xlink:href=\"http://www.FreshPorts.org/"
"\">FreshPorts.org</link>，提供完整的搜尋工具並且可追蹤在 Port 套件集中的應用"
"程式變更。註冊的使用者可以建立自訂的監視清單會自動寄發電子郵件通知 Port 的更"
"新資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:9055
msgid "<primary>SourceForge</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9057
msgid ""
"If finding a particular application becomes challenging, try searching a "
"site like <link xlink:href=\"http://www.sourceforge.net/\">SourceForge.net</"
"link> or <link xlink:href=\"http://www.github.com/\">GitHub.com</link> then "
"check back at the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/ports/index.html"
"\">FreeBSD site</link> to see if the application has been ported."
msgstr ""
"若找不到指定的應用程式，可以先到網站 <link xlink:href=\"http://www."
"sourceforge.net/\">SourceForge.net</link> 或 <link xlink:href=\"http://www."
"github.com/\">GitHub.com</link> 搜尋，後然再回到 <link xlink:href="
"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/ports/index.html\">FreeBSD 網站</link> 檢查該應用程式是否"
"已被移植。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:9065
msgid "<primary>pkg</primary> <secondary>search</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#pkg-search
#: book.translate.xml:9070
msgid "To search the binary package repository for an application:"
msgstr "要搜尋 Binary 套件檔案庫中的應用程式可："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9073
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg search <replaceable>subversion</replaceable></userinput>\n"
"git-subversion-<replaceable>1.9.2</replaceable>\n"
"java-subversion-<replaceable>1.8.8_2</replaceable>\n"
"p5-subversion-<replaceable>1.8.8_2</replaceable>\n"
"py27-hgsubversion-<replaceable>1.6</replaceable>\n"
"py27-subversion-<replaceable>1.8.8_2</replaceable>\n"
"ruby-subversion-<replaceable>1.8.8_2</replaceable>\n"
"subversion-<replaceable>1.8.8_2</replaceable>\n"
"subversion-book-<replaceable>4515</replaceable>\n"
"subversion-static-<replaceable>1.8.8_2</replaceable>\n"
"subversion16-<replaceable>1.6.23_4</replaceable>\n"
"subversion17-<replaceable>1.7.16_2</replaceable>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9086
msgid ""
"Package names include the version number and, in the case of ports based on "
"python, the version number of the version of python the package was built "
"with. Some ports also have multiple versions available. In the case of "
"<application>Subversion</application>, there are different versions "
"available, as well as different compile options. In this case, the "
"statically linked version of <application>Subversion</application>. When "
"indicating which package to install, it is best to specify the application "
"by the port origin, which is the path in the ports tree. Repeat the "
"<command>pkg search</command> with <option>-o</option> to list the origin of "
"each package:"
msgstr ""
"套件名稱包含版本編號，且若 Port 使用 Python 為基礎，也會包含用來編譯該套件的 "
"Python 版本。有些 Port 會有多個版本可使用，如 <application>Subversion</"
"application> ，因編譯選項不同，有多個版本可用，這個例子中即指靜態連結版本的 "
"<application>Subversion</application>。在指定要安裝的套件時，最好使用 Port 來"
"源來指定該應用程式，Port 來源是指應用程式在 Port 樹中的路徑。再輸入一次 "
"<command>pkg search</command> 並加上 <option>-o</option> 來列出每個套件來源："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9100
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg search -o <replaceable>subversion</replaceable></userinput>\n"
"devel/git-subversion\n"
"java/java-subversion\n"
"devel/p5-subversion\n"
"devel/py-hgsubversion\n"
"devel/py-subversion\n"
"devel/ruby-subversion\n"
"devel/subversion16\n"
"devel/subversion17\n"
"devel/subversion\n"
"devel/subversion-book\n"
"devel/subversion-static"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9113
msgid ""
"Searching by shell globs, regular expressions, exact match, by description, "
"or any other field in the repository database is also supported by "
"<command>pkg search</command>. After installing <package>ports-mgmt/pkg</"
"package> or <package>ports-mgmt/pkg-devel</package>, see "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-search</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for more details."
msgstr ""
"<command>pkg search</command> 支援使用 Shell 萬手字元 (globs)、正規表示法、描"
"述或檔案庫中的其他其他內容。在安裝 <package>ports-mgmt/pkg</package> 或 "
"<package>ports-mgmt/pkg-devel</package> 之後，可參考 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-search</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 以取得更多詳細資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9122
msgid ""
"If the Ports Collection is already installed, there are several methods to "
"query the local version of the ports tree. To find out which category a port "
"is in, type <command>whereis <replaceable>file</replaceable></command>, "
"where <replaceable>file</replaceable> is the program to be installed:"
msgstr ""
"若 Port 套件集已安裝，有數個方法可以查詢 Port 樹中的本地版本。要找到 Port 所"
"在的分類，可輸入 <command>whereis <replaceable>file</replaceable></command>，"
"其中 <replaceable>file</replaceable> 是要安裝的程式："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9129
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>whereis lsof</userinput>\n"
"lsof: /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9132
msgid ""
"Alternately, an <citerefentry><refentrytitle>echo</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> statement can be used:"
msgstr ""
"或者，也可使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>echo</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9135
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>echo /usr/ports/*/*lsof*</userinput>\n"
"/usr/ports/sysutils/lsof"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9138
msgid ""
"Note that this will also return any matched files downloaded into the "
"<filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename> directory."
msgstr ""
"請注意，這也會顯示已下載至 <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename> 目錄中任"
"何已符合條件的檔案。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9144
msgid ""
"Another way to find software is by using the Ports Collection's built-in "
"search mechanism. To use the search feature, <application>cd</application> "
"to <filename>/usr/ports</filename> then run <command>make search "
"name=program-name</command> where <replaceable>program-name</replaceable> is "
"the name of the software. For example, to search for <command>lsof</command>:"
msgstr ""
"另一個方法是使用 Port 套件集內建的搜尋機制來找軟體。要使用搜尋的功能需先 "
"<application>cd</application> 到 <filename>/usr/ports</filename> 然後執行 "
"<command>make search name=program-name</command>，其中 <replaceable>program-"
"name</replaceable> 代表軟體的名稱。舉例搜尋 <command>lsof</command>："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9153
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make search name=lsof</userinput>\n"
"Port:   lsof-4.88.d,8\n"
"Path:   /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof\n"
"Info:   Lists information about open files (similar to fstat(1))\n"
"Maint:  ler@lerctr.org\n"
"Index:  sysutils\n"
"B-deps:\n"
"R-deps: "
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: tip/para
#: book.translate.xml:9164
msgid ""
"The built-in search mechanism uses a file of index information. If a message "
"indicates that the <filename>INDEX</filename> is required, run <command>make "
"fetchindex</command> to download the current index file. With the "
"<filename>INDEX</filename> present, <command>make search</command> will be "
"able to perform the requested search."
msgstr ""
"內建的搜尋機制會使用索引檔內的資訊。若出現訊息指出需要 <filename>INDEX</"
"filename> 檔，可執行 <command>make fetchindex</command> 來下載最新的索引檔。"
"當 <filename>INDEX</filename> 檔存在時，<command>make search</command> 方可執"
"行請求的搜尋動作。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9173
msgid "The <quote>Path:</quote> line indicates where to find the port."
msgstr "<quote>Path:</quote> 此行代表 Port 的所在位置。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9176
msgid ""
"To receive less information, use the <command>quicksearch</command> feature:"
msgstr "若不要接受這麼多資訊，可使用 <command>quicksearch</command> 功能："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9179
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make quicksearch name=lsof</userinput>\n"
"Port:   lsof-4.88.d,8\n"
"Path:   /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof\n"
"Info:   Lists information about open files (similar to fstat(1))"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9185
msgid ""
"For more in-depth searching, use <command>make search "
"key=<replaceable>string</replaceable></command> or <command>make quicksearch "
"key=<replaceable>string</replaceable></command>, where <replaceable>string</"
"replaceable> is some text to search for. The text can be in comments, "
"descriptions, or dependencies in order to find ports which relate to a "
"particular subject when the name of the program is unknown."
msgstr ""
"若要進行更有深度的搜尋，使用 <command>make search key=<replaceable>string</"
"replaceable></command> 或 <command>make quicksearch key=<replaceable>string</"
"replaceable></command> 其中 <replaceable>string</replaceable> 是要搜尋的文"
"字。該文字可以是一部份的註解、描述或相依套件，當不清楚程式的名稱時可以找到與"
"特定主題相關的 Port。"

#. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget
#: book.translate.xml:9196
msgid "search"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget
#: book.translate.xml:9197
msgid "quicksearch"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9196
msgid ""
"When using <_:buildtarget-1/> or <_:buildtarget-2/>, the search string is "
"case-insensitive. Searching for <quote>LSOF</quote> will yield the same "
"results as searching for <quote>lsof</quote>."
msgstr ""
"當使用 <_:buildtarget-1/> 或 <_:buildtarget-2/> 時，搜尋的字串不分大小寫。 搜"
"尋 <quote>LSOF</quote> 會與搜尋 <quote>lsof</quote> 產生相同的結果。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:9206
msgid "Using <application>pkg</application> for Binary Package Management"
msgstr "使用 <application>pkg</application> 管理 Binary 套件"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:9209
msgid ""
"<application>pkg</application> is the next generation replacement for the "
"traditional FreeBSD package management tools, offering many features that "
"make dealing with binary packages faster and easier."
msgstr ""
"<application>pkg</application> 是新一代套件管理工具用來取代舊版工具，提供許多"
"功能讓處理 Binary 套件更快更簡單。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:9214
msgid ""
"For sites wishing to only use prebuilt binary packages from the FreeBSD "
"mirrors, managing packages with <application>pkg</application> can be "
"sufficient."
msgstr ""
"對於只想要使用在 FreeBSD 鏡像站上預先編譯 Binary 套件的站台，使用 "
"<application>pkg</application> 管理套件便已足夠。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:9218
msgid ""
"However, for those sites building from source or using their own "
"repositories, a separate <link linkend=\"ports-upgrading-tools\">port "
"management tool</link> will be needed."
msgstr ""
"但是，對於那些想要從原始碼或使用自己的檔案庫編譯的站台，則會需要 <link "
"linkend=\"ports-upgrading-tools\">Port 管理工具</link>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:9222
msgid ""
"Since <application>pkg</application> only works with binary packages, it is "
"not a replacement for such tools. Those tools can be used to install "
"software from both binary packages and the Ports Collection, while "
"<application>pkg</application> installs only binary packages."
msgstr ""
"因為 <application>pkg</application> 僅能管理 Binary 套件，所以不能當做為替代 "
"Port 管理工具，這些工具可用來安裝來自 Binary 與 Port 套件集的軟體，而 "
"<application>pkg</application> 僅能安裝 Binary 套件。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:9231
msgid "Getting Started with <application>pkg</application>"
msgstr "開始使用 <application>pkg</application>"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9234
msgid ""
"FreeBSD includes a bootstrap utility which can be used to download and "
"install <application>pkg</application> and its manual pages. This utility is "
"designed to work with versions of FreeBSD starting with 10.<replaceable>X</"
"replaceable>."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 內建啟動 (Bootstrap) 工具可用來下載並安裝 <application>pkg</"
"application> 及其操作手冊。這個工具是設計在 FreeBSD 版本 10.<replaceable>X</"
"replaceable> 之後使用。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:9241
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Not all FreeBSD versions and architectures support this bootstrap process. "
"The current list is at <link xlink:href=\"https://pkg.freebsd.org/\"/>. For "
"other cases, <application>pkg</application> must instead be installed from "
"the Ports Collection or as a binary package."
msgstr ""
"不是所有 FreeBSD 版本及架構支援此啟動程序，目前支援的清單列於 <link xlink:"
"href=\"http://pkg.freebsd.org/\"/>，對不支援的版本，必須改透過 Port 套件集或"
"者 Binary 套件來安裝 <application>pkg</application>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9250
msgid "To bootstrap the system, run:"
msgstr "要啟動 (Bootstrap) 系統請執行："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9252
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>/usr/sbin/pkg</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9254
msgid ""
"You must have a working Internet connection for the bootstrap process to "
"succeed."
msgstr "您必須有可用的網際網路連線供啟動程式使用方可成功。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9257
msgid "Otherwise, to install the port, run:"
msgstr "否則，要安裝 Port 套件，則須執行："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9259
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9263
msgid ""
"When upgrading an existing system that originally used the older pkg_* "
"tools, the database must be converted to the new format, so that the new "
"tools are aware of the already installed packages. Once <application>pkg</"
"application> has been installed, the package database must be converted from "
"the traditional format to the new format by running this command:"
msgstr ""
"當升級原使用舊版 pkg_* 工具的既有系統時，必須將資料庫轉換成新的格式，如此新的"
"工具才會知道有那些已安裝過的套件。<application>pkg</application> 安裝完後，必"
"須執行以下指令將套件資料庫從舊版格式轉換到新版格式："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9271
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg2ng</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:9273
msgid ""
"This step is not required for new installations that do not yet have any "
"third-party software installed."
msgstr "新安裝的版本因尚未安裝任何第三方軟體因此不須做這個步驟。"

#. (itstool) path: important/para
#: book.translate.xml:9278
msgid ""
"This step is not reversible. Once the package database has been converted to "
"the <application>pkg</application> format, the traditional <literal>pkg_*</"
"literal> tools should no longer be used."
msgstr ""
"這個步驟無法還原。一旦套件資料庫轉為成 <application>pkg</application> 的格"
"式，舊版 <literal>pkg_*</literal> 工具就不該再繼續使用。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:9285
msgid ""
"The package database conversion may emit errors as the contents are "
"converted to the new version. Generally, these errors can be safely ignored. "
"However, a list of software that was not successfully converted is shown "
"after <command>pkg2ng</command> finishes. These applications must be "
"manually reinstalled."
msgstr ""
"套件資料庫轉換的過程可能會因內容轉換為新版本產生錯誤。通常，這些錯誤皆可安全"
"忽略，即使如此，仍然有在執行 <command>pkg2ng</command> 後無法成功轉換的軟體清"
"單，這些應用程式則必須手動重新安裝。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9293
msgid ""
"To ensure that the Ports Collection registers new software with "
"<application>pkg</application> instead of the traditional packages database, "
"FreeBSD versions earlier than 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> require this "
"line in <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"為了確保 FreeBSD Port 套件集會將新軟體的資訊註冊到 <application>pkg</"
"application> 而非舊版套件資料庫，FreeBSD 版本 10.<replaceable>X</"
"replaceable> 之前需要在 <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> 加入此行："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:9299
#, no-wrap
msgid "WITH_PKGNG=\tyes"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9301
msgid ""
"By default, <application>pkg</application> uses the binary packages from the "
"FreeBSD package mirrors (the <emphasis>repository</emphasis>). For "
"information about building a custom package repository, see <xref linkend="
"\"ports-poudriere\"/>."
msgstr ""
"預設 <application>pkg</application> 會使用 FreeBSD 套件鏡像站 "
"(<emphasis>Repository</emphasis>) 的 Binary 套件。若要取得有關編譯自訂套件檔"
"案庫的資訊，請參考 <xref linkend=\"ports-poudriere\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9308
msgid ""
"Additional <application>pkg</application> configuration options are "
"described in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"其他 <application>pkg</application> 設定選項說明請參考 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9311
msgid ""
"Usage information for <application>pkg</application> is available in the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> manual page or by running <command>pkg</command> without "
"additional arguments."
msgstr ""
"<application>pkg</application> 的用法資訊可在 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 操作手冊或不加任何參數執行 <command>pkg</command> 來取得。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9315
msgid ""
"Each <application>pkg</application> command argument is documented in a "
"command-specific manual page. To read the manual page for <command>pkg "
"install</command>, for example, run either of these commands:"
msgstr ""
"每個 <application>pkg</application> 指令參數皆記庫在指令操件手冊。要閱讀 "
"<command>pkg install</command> 的操作手冊，可執行以下指令："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9320
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg help install</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9322
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>man pkg-install</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9324
msgid ""
"The rest of this section demonstrates common binary package management tasks "
"which can be performed using <application>pkg</application>. Each "
"demonstrated command provides many switches to customize its use. Refer to a "
"command's help or man page for details and more examples."
msgstr ""
"本章節剩餘的部份將會示範使用 <application>pkg</application> 執行常用的 "
"Binary 套件管理工作。每個示範的指令皆會提供多個參數可使用，請參考指令的說明或"
"操作手冊以取得詳細資訊或更多範例。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:9333
msgid "Obtaining Information About Installed Packages"
msgstr "取得有關已安裝套件的資訊"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9335
msgid ""
"Information about the packages installed on a system can be viewed by "
"running <command>pkg info</command> which, when run without any switches, "
"will list the package version for either all installed packages or the "
"specified package."
msgstr ""
"有關已安裝在系統的套件資訊可透過執行 <command>pkg info</command> 來檢視，若執"
"行時未指定任何參數，將會列出所有已安裝或指定的套件版本。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9341
msgid ""
"For example, to see which version of <application>pkg</application> is "
"installed, run:"
msgstr "例如，要查看已安裝的 <application>pkg</application> 版本可執行："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9344
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg info pkg</userinput>\n"
"pkg-1.1.4_1"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:9349
msgid "Installing and Removing Packages"
msgstr "安裝與移除套件"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9351
msgid ""
"To install a binary package use the following command, where "
"<replaceable>packagename</replaceable> is the name of the package to install:"
msgstr ""
"要安裝 Binary 套件可使用以下指令，其中 <replaceable>packagename</"
"replaceable> 為要安裝的套件名稱："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9355
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install <replaceable>packagename</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9357
msgid ""
"This command uses repository data to determine which version of the software "
"to install and if it has any uninstalled dependencies. For example, to "
"install <application>curl</application>:"
msgstr ""
"這個指令會使用檔案庫的資料來決定要安裝的軟體版本以及是否有任何未安裝的相依。"
"例如，要安裝 <application>curl</application>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9362
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install curl</userinput>\n"
"Updating repository catalogue\n"
"/usr/local/tmp/All/curl-7.31.0_1.txz          100% of 1181 kB 1380 kBps 00m01s\n"
"\n"
"/usr/local/tmp/All/ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1.txz   100% of  288 kB 1700 kBps 00m00s\n"
"\n"
"Updating repository catalogue\n"
"The following 2 packages will be installed:\n"
"\n"
"        Installing ca_root_nss: 3.15.1_1\n"
"        Installing curl: 7.31.0_1\n"
"\n"
"The installation will require 3 MB more space\n"
"\n"
"0 B to be downloaded\n"
"\n"
"Proceed with installing packages [y/N]: <userinput>y</userinput>\n"
"Checking integrity... done\n"
"[1/2] Installing ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... done\n"
"[2/2] Installing curl-7.31.0_1... done\n"
"Cleaning up cache files...Done"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9384
msgid ""
"The new package and any additional packages that were installed as "
"dependencies can be seen in the installed packages list:"
msgstr "新的套件以及任何做為相依安裝的額外套件可在已安裝的套件清單中看到："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9388
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg info</userinput>\n"
"ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1\tThe root certificate bundle from the Mozilla Project\n"
"curl-7.31.0_1\tNon-interactive tool to get files from FTP, GOPHER, HTTP(S) servers\n"
"pkg-1.1.4_6\tNew generation package manager"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9393
msgid ""
"Packages that are no longer needed can be removed with <command>pkg delete</"
"command>. For example:"
msgstr "不再需要的套件可以使用 <command>pkg delete</command> 來移除，例如："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9396
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg delete curl</userinput>\n"
"The following packages will be deleted:\n"
"\n"
"\tcurl-7.31.0_1\n"
"\n"
"The deletion will free 3 MB\n"
"\n"
"Proceed with deleting packages [y/N]: <userinput>y</userinput>\n"
"[1/1] Deleting curl-7.31.0_1... done"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:9408
msgid "Upgrading Installed Packages"
msgstr "升級已安裝套件"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9410
msgid "Installed packages can be upgraded to their latest versions by running:"
msgstr "執行以下指令，可將已安裝的套件升級到最新版本："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9413
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg upgrade</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9415
msgid ""
"This command will compare the installed versions with those available in the "
"repository catalogue and upgrade them from the repository."
msgstr ""
"這個指令將會比對已安裝的版本與在檔案庫分類中的版本，並從檔案庫升級這些套件。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:9421
msgid "Auditing Installed Packages"
msgstr "稽查已安裝套件"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9423
msgid ""
"Software vulnerabilities are regularly discovered in third-party "
"applications. To address this, <application>pkg</application> includes a "
"built-in auditing mechanism. To determine if there are any known "
"vulnerabilities for the software installed on the system, run:"
msgstr ""
"在第三方的應用程式中偶爾可能會發現軟體漏洞，要找出這些程式，可使用 "
"<application>pkg</application> 內建的稽查機制。要查詢已安裝在系統上的軟體是否"
"有任何已知的漏洞可執行："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9430 book.translate.xml:26671
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg audit -F</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:9434
msgid "Automatically Removing Leaf Dependencies"
msgstr "自動移除不使用的相依"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9436
msgid ""
"Removing a package may leave behind dependencies which are no longer "
"required. Unneeded packages that were installed as dependencies can be "
"automatically detected and removed using:"
msgstr ""
"移除一個套件可能會留下不再需要使用的相依套件。不再需要的相依套件可以使用以下"
"指令自動偵測並移除："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9441
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg autoremove</userinput>\n"
"Packages to be autoremoved:\n"
"\tca_root_nss-3.15.1_1\n"
"\n"
"The autoremoval will free 723 kB\n"
"\n"
"Proceed with autoremoval of packages [y/N]: <userinput>y</userinput>\n"
"Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... done"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:9452
msgid "Restoring the Package Database"
msgstr "還原套件資料庫"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9454
msgid ""
"Unlike the traditional package management system, <application>pkg</"
"application> includes its own package database backup mechanism. This "
"functionality is enabled by default."
msgstr ""
"不如傳統的套件管理系統，<application>pkg</application> 有自己的套件資料庫備份"
"機制，此功能預設是開啟的。"

#. (itstool) path: tip/para
#: book.translate.xml:9460
msgid ""
"To disable the periodic script from backing up the package database, set "
"<literal>daily_backup_pkgdb_enable=\"NO\"</literal> in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>periodic.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"要停止週期的 Script 備份套件資料庫可在 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>periodic."
"conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 設定 "
"<literal>daily_backup_pkgdb_enable=\"NO\"</literal>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9466
msgid ""
"To restore the contents of a previous package database backup, run the "
"following command replacing <replaceable>/path/to/pkg.sql</replaceable> with "
"the location of the backup:"
msgstr ""
"要還原先前套件資料庫的備份，可執行以下指令並將 <replaceable>/path/to/pkg."
"sql</replaceable> 替換為備份的位置："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9471
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg backup -r <replaceable>/path/to/pkg.sql</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:9474
msgid ""
"If restoring a backup taken by the periodic script, it must be decompressed "
"prior to being restored."
msgstr "若要還原有週期 Script 所產生的備份必須在還原前先解壓縮。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9478
msgid ""
"To run a manual backup of the <application>pkg</application> database, run "
"the following command, replacing <replaceable>/path/to/pkg.sql</replaceable> "
"with a suitable file name and location:"
msgstr ""
"要手動備份 <application>pkg</application> 資料庫，可執行以下指令，並替換 "
"<replaceable>/path/to/pkg.sql</replaceable> 為適當的檔案名稱與位置："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9483
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg backup -d <replaceable>/path/to/pkg.sql</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:9487
msgid "Removing Stale Packages"
msgstr "移除過時的套件"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9489
msgid ""
"By default, <application>pkg</application> stores binary packages in a cache "
"directory defined by <envar>PKG_CACHEDIR</envar> in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>. Only copies of the latest installed packages are "
"kept. Older versions of <application>pkg</application> kept all previous "
"packages. To remove these outdated binary packages, run:"
msgstr ""
"預設 <application>pkg</application> 會儲存 Binary 套件在快取目錄定義在  "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 中的 <envar>PKG_CACHEDIR</envar>，只會保留最後安裝"
"的套件複本。較舊版的 <application>pkg</application>  會保留所有先前的套件，若"
"要移除這些過時的  Binary 套件，可執行："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9496
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9498
msgid "The entire cache may be cleared by running:"
msgstr "使用以下指令可清空全部的快取："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9500
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg clean -a</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:9504
msgid "Modifying Package Metadata"
msgstr "修改套件 Metadata"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9506
msgid ""
"Software within the FreeBSD Ports Collection can undergo major version "
"number changes. To address this, <application>pkg</application> has a built-"
"in command to update package origins. This can be useful, for example, if "
"<package>lang/php5</package> is renamed to <package>lang/php53</package> so "
"that <package>lang/php5</package> can now represent version <literal>5.4</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""
"在 FreeBSD Port 套件集中的軟體可能會經歷主要版號的修改，要解決這個問題可使用 "
"<application>pkg</application> 內建的指令來更新套件來源。這非常有用，例如 "
"<package>lang/php5</package> 重新命名為 <package>lang/php53</package> 因此 "
"<package>lang/php5</package> 從此之後代表版本 <literal>5.4</literal>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9515
msgid "To change the package origin for the above example, run:"
msgstr "要更改上述例子中的套件來源，可執行："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9518
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg set -o lang/php5:lang/php53</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9520
msgid ""
"As another example, to update <package>lang/ruby18</package> to "
"<package>lang/ruby19</package>, run:"
msgstr ""
"再一個例子，要更新 <package>lang/ruby18</package> 為 <package>lang/ruby19</"
"package>，可執行："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9524
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg set -o lang/ruby18:lang/ruby19</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9526
msgid ""
"As a final example, to change the origin of the <filename>libglut</filename> "
"shared libraries from <package>graphics/libglut</package> to "
"<package>graphics/freeglut</package>, run:"
msgstr ""
"最後一個例子，要更改 <filename>libglut</filename> 共用程式庫的來源從 "
"<package>graphics/libglut</package> 改成 <package>graphics/freeglut</"
"package> 可執行："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9531
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg set -o graphics/libglut:graphics/freeglut</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:9534
msgid ""
"When changing package origins, it is important to reinstall packages that "
"are dependent on the package with the modified origin. To force a "
"reinstallation of dependent packages, run:"
msgstr ""
"在更改套件來源之後，很重要的一件事是要重新安裝套件，來讓相依的套件也同時使用"
"修改後的來源。要強制重新安裝相依套件，可執行："

#. (itstool) path: note/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9539
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install -Rf <replaceable>graphics/freeglut</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:9545
msgid "Using the Ports Collection"
msgstr "使用 Port 套件集"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:9547
msgid ""
"The Ports Collection is a set of <filename>Makefiles</filename>, patches, "
"and description files. Each set of these files is used to compile and "
"install an individual application on FreeBSD, and is called a "
"<emphasis>port</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"Port 套件集是指一數個 <filename>Makefiles</filename>、修補及描述檔案，每一組"
"這些檔案可用來編譯與安裝在 FreeBSD 上的一個應用程式，即稱為一個 "
"<emphasis>Port</emphasis>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:9553
msgid ""
"By default, the Ports Collection itself is stored as a subdirectory of "
"<filename>/usr/ports</filename>."
msgstr "預設，Port 套件集儲存在 <filename>/usr/ports</filename> 的子目錄下。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:9556
msgid ""
"Before an application can be compiled using a port, the Ports Collection "
"must first be installed. If it was not installed during the installation of "
"FreeBSD, use one of the following methods to install it:"
msgstr ""
"在應用程式可以使用 Port 編譯之前，必須先安裝 Port 套件集。若在安裝 FreeBSD 時"
"沒有安裝，可以使用以下其中一種方式安裝："

#. (itstool) path: procedure/title
#: book.translate.xml:9562
msgid "Portsnap Method"
msgstr "Portsnap 方法"

#. (itstool) path: procedure/para
#: book.translate.xml:9564
msgid ""
"The base system of FreeBSD includes <application>Portsnap</application>. "
"This is a fast and user-friendly tool for retrieving the Ports Collection "
"and is the recommended choice for most users. This utility connects to a "
"FreeBSD site, verifies the secure key, and downloads a new copy of the Ports "
"Collection. The key is used to verify the integrity of all downloaded files."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 的基礎系統內含 <application>Portsnap</application>，這是一個可用來取"
"得 Port 套件集簡單又快速的工具，較建議多數使用者使用這個方式。此工具會連線到 "
"FreeBSD 的網站，驗証密鑰，然後下載 Port 套件集的新複本。該金鑰是要用來檢驗所"
"有已下載檔案的完整性。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:9573
msgid ""
"To download a compressed snapshot of the Ports Collection into <filename>/"
"var/db/portsnap</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"要下載壓縮後的 Port 套件集快照 (Snapshot) 到 <filename>/var/db/portsnap</"
"filename>："

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9577
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>portsnap fetch</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:9581
msgid ""
"When running <application>Portsnap</application> for the first time, extract "
"the snapshot into <filename>/usr/ports</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"當第一次執行 <application>Portsnap</application> 時，要先解壓縮快照到 "
"<filename>/usr/ports</filename>："

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9585
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>portsnap extract</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:9589
msgid ""
"After the first use of <application>Portsnap</application> has been "
"completed as shown above, <filename>/usr/ports</filename> can be updated as "
"needed by running:"
msgstr ""
"在完成上述第一次使用 <application>Portsnap</application> 的動作之後，往後可隨"
"需要執行以下指令來更新 <filename>/usr/ports</filename> ："

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9594
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>portsnap fetch</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>portsnap update</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:9597
msgid ""
"When using <literal>fetch</literal>, the <literal>extract</literal> or the "
"<literal>update</literal> operation may be run consecutively, like so:"
msgstr ""
"當使用 <literal>fetch</literal> 時也可同時執行 <literal>extract</literal> 或 "
"<literal>update</literal> 如："

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9601
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>portsnap fetch update</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: procedure/title
#: book.translate.xml:9606
msgid "Subversion Method"
msgstr "Subversion 方法"

#. (itstool) path: procedure/para
#: book.translate.xml:9608
msgid ""
"If more control over the ports tree is needed or if local changes need to be "
"maintained, <application>Subversion</application> can be used to obtain the "
"Ports Collection. Refer to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US."
"ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide/subversion-primer.html\">the Subversion "
"Primer</link> for a detailed description of <application>Subversion</"
"application>."
msgstr ""
"若要取得更多對 Port 樹的控制，或若有本地的變更需要維護，可以使用 "
"<application>Subversion</application> 來取得 Port 套件集。請參考 <link xlink:"
"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide/"
"subversion-primer.html\">Subversion Primer</link> 來取得 "
"<application>Subversion</application> 的詳細說明。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:9616
msgid ""
"<application>Subversion</application> must be installed before it can be "
"used to check out the ports tree. If a copy of the ports tree is already "
"present, install <application>Subversion</application> like this:"
msgstr ""
"必須安裝 <application>Subversion</application> 才可用來取出 (Check out) Port "
"樹。若已存在 Port 樹的複本，可使用此方式安裝 <application>Subversion</"
"application>："

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9621 book.translate.xml:65535
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/devel/subversion</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:9624
msgid ""
"If the ports tree is not available, or <application>pkg</application> is "
"being used to manage packages, <application>Subversion</application> can be "
"installed as a package:"
msgstr ""
"若尚無法使用 Port 樹，或已經使用 <application>pkg</application> 來管理套件，"
"可使用套件來安裝 <application>Subversion</application>："

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9629 book.translate.xml:65535
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install subversion</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:9634
msgid "Check out a copy of the ports tree:"
msgstr "取出 Port 樹的複本："

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9636 book.translate.xml:65535
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>svn checkout https://svn.FreeBSD.org/ports/head /usr/ports</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:9640
msgid ""
"As needed, update <filename>/usr/ports</filename> after the initial "
"<application>Subversion</application> checkout:"
msgstr ""
"若需要，在第一次 <application>Subversion</application> 取出後可使用以下指令更"
"新 <filename>/usr/ports</filename>："

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9644 book.translate.xml:65535
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>svn update /usr/ports</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:9648
msgid ""
"The Ports Collection contains directories for software categories. Inside "
"each category are subdirectories for individual applications. Each "
"application subdirectory contains a set of files that tells FreeBSD how to "
"compile and install that program, called a <emphasis>ports skeleton</"
"emphasis>. Each port skeleton includes these files and directories:"
msgstr ""
"Port 套件集中含有代表不同軟體分類的目錄，每個分類底下的子目錄代表每個應用程"
"式，每個內含數個用來告訴 FreeBSD 如何編譯與安裝該程式檔案的應用程式子目錄即稱"
"作 <emphasis>Port Skeleton</emphasis>，每個 Port Skeleton 會含有以下檔案及目"
"錄："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9658
msgid ""
"<filename>Makefile</filename>: contains statements that specify how the "
"application should be compiled and where its components should be installed."
msgstr ""
"<filename>Makefile</filename>：內含用來說明應用程式要如何編譯、要安裝該程式到"
"那的敘述句。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9664
msgid ""
"<filename>distinfo</filename>: contains the names and checksums of the files "
"that must be downloaded to build the port."
msgstr ""
"<filename>distinfo</filename>：內含編譯 Port 必須下載的檔案名稱以及校驗碼 "
"(Checksum)。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9670
msgid ""
"<filename>files/</filename>: this directory contains any patches needed for "
"the program to compile and install on FreeBSD. This directory may also "
"contain other files used to build the port."
msgstr ""
"<filename>files/</filename>：此目錄含有編譯與安裝程式到 FreeBSD 時所需的修補"
"檔。此目錄也可能含有其他用來編譯 Port 的檔案。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9677
msgid ""
"<filename>pkg-descr</filename>: provides a more detailed description of the "
"program."
msgstr "<filename>pkg-descr</filename>：提供程式更詳細的說明。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:9682
msgid ""
"<filename>pkg-plist</filename>: a list of all the files that will be "
"installed by the port. It also tells the ports system which files to remove "
"upon deinstallation."
msgstr ""
"<filename>pkg-plist</filename>：Port 安裝的所有檔案清單，也同時會告訴 Port 系"
"統解除安裝時要移除那一些檔案。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:9689
msgid ""
"Some ports include <filename>pkg-message</filename> or other files to handle "
"special situations. For more details on these files, and on ports in "
"general, refer to the <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US."
"ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/index.html\">FreeBSD Porter's Handbook</"
"link>."
msgstr ""
"部份 Port 含有 <filename>pkg-message</filename> 或其他檔案用來處理特殊情況。"
"要取得有關這些檔案的詳細資訊，以及 Port 的概要可參考 <link xlink:href="
"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/index.html"
"\">FreeBSD Porter's Handbook</link>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:9694
msgid ""
"The port does not include the actual source code, also known as a "
"<filename>distfile</filename>. The extract portion of building a port will "
"automatically save the downloaded source to <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""
"Port 中並不含實際的原始碼，即為 <filename>distfile</filename>，在編譯 Port 解"
"壓縮時會自動下載的原始碼到 <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:9700
msgid "Installing Ports"
msgstr "安裝 Port"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:9702
msgid "<primary>ports</primary> <secondary>installing</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9707
msgid ""
"This section provides basic instructions on using the Ports Collection to "
"install or remove software. The detailed description of available "
"<command>make</command> targets and environment variables is available in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ports</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"下面我們會介紹如何使用 Port 套件集來安裝、移除軟體的基本用法。 "
"<command>make</command> 可用的目標及環境變數詳細說明可參閱 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ports</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: warning/para
#: book.translate.xml:9713
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Before compiling any port, be sure to update the Ports Collection as "
"described in the previous section. Since the installation of any third-party "
"software can introduce security vulnerabilities, it is recommended to first "
"check <link xlink:href=\"https://vuxml.freebsd.org/\"/> for known security "
"issues related to the port. Alternately, run <command>pkg audit -F</command> "
"before installing a new port. This command can be configured to "
"automatically perform a security audit and an update of the vulnerability "
"database during the daily security system check. For more information, refer "
"to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-audit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>periodic</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在編譯任何 Port 套件前，請先確認已經如前章節所敘述之方法更新 Port 套件集。安"
"裝任何第三方軟體皆可能會導致安全性漏洞，建議在安裝前先閱讀 <link xlink:href="
"\"http://vuxml.freebsd.org/\"/> 了解  Port 已知的安全性問題。或者在每次安裝"
"新 Port 前執行 <command>pkg audit -F</command>。此指令可以設定在每日系統安全"
"性檢查時自動完成安全性稽查以及更新漏洞資料庫。要取得更多資訊，請參考 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-audit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 及 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>periodic</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9727
msgid ""
"Using the Ports Collection assumes a working Internet connection. It also "
"requires superuser privilege."
msgstr ""
"使用 Port 套件集會假設您擁有可正常連線的網路，同時也會需要超級使用者的權限。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9730
msgid ""
"To compile and install the port, change to the directory of the port to be "
"installed, then type <command>make install</command> at the prompt. Messages "
"will indicate the progress:"
msgstr ""
"要編譯並安裝 Port，需切換目錄到要安裝的 Port 底下，然後輸入 <command>make "
"install</command>，訊息中會顯示安裝的進度："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9735
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install</userinput>\n"
"&gt;&gt; lsof_4.88D.freebsd.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.\n"
"&gt;&gt; Attempting to fetch from ftp://lsof.itap.purdue.edu/pub/tools/unix/lsof/.\n"
"===&gt;  Extracting for lsof-4.88\n"
"...\n"
"[extraction output snipped]\n"
"...\n"
"&gt;&gt; Checksum OK for lsof_4.88D.freebsd.tar.gz.\n"
"===&gt;  Patching for lsof-4.88.d,8\n"
"===&gt;  Applying FreeBSD patches for lsof-4.88.d,8\n"
"===&gt;  Configuring for lsof-4.88.d,8\n"
"...\n"
"[configure output snipped]\n"
"...\n"
"===&gt;  Building for lsof-4.88.d,8\n"
"...\n"
"[compilation output snipped]\n"
"...\n"
"\n"
"===&gt;  Installing for lsof-4.88.d,8\n"
"...\n"
"[installation output snipped]\n"
"...\n"
"===&gt;   Generating temporary packing list\n"
"===&gt;   Compressing manual pages for lsof-4.88.d,8\n"
"===&gt;   Registering installation for lsof-4.88.d,8\n"
"===&gt;  SECURITY NOTE:\n"
"      This port has installed the following binaries which execute with\n"
"      increased privileges.\n"
"/usr/local/sbin/lsof\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9768
msgid ""
"Since <command>lsof</command> is a program that runs with increased "
"privileges, a security warning is displayed as it is installed. Once the "
"installation is complete, the prompt will be returned."
msgstr ""
"<command>lsof</command> 是需要進階權限才有辦法執行的程式，因此當該程式安裝完"
"成時會顯示安全性警告。一旦安裝完成便會顯示指令提示。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9773
msgid ""
"Some shells keep a cache of the commands that are available in the "
"directories listed in the <envar>PATH</envar> environment variable, to speed "
"up lookup operations for the executable file of these commands. Users of the "
"<command>tcsh</command> shell should type <command>rehash</command> so that "
"a newly installed command can be used without specifying its full path. Use "
"<command>hash -r</command> instead for the <command>sh</command> shell. "
"Refer to the documentation for the shell for more information."
msgstr ""
"有些 Shell 會將 <envar>PATH</envar> 環境變數中所列目錄中可用的指令做快取，來"
"增加在執行指這些指令時的查詢速度。<command>tcsh</command> Shell 的使用者應輸"
"入 <command>rehash</command> 來讓新安裝的指令不須指定完整路徑便可使用。若在 "
"<command>sh</command> Shell 則使用 <command>hash -r</command>。請參考 Shell "
"的說明文件以取得更多資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9784
msgid ""
"During installation, a working subdirectory is created which contains all "
"the temporary files used during compilation. Removing this directory saves "
"disk space and minimizes the chance of problems later when upgrading to the "
"newer version of the port:"
msgstr ""
"安裝過程中會建立工作用的子目錄用來儲存編譯時暫存的檔案。可移除此目錄來節省磁"
"碟空間並漸少往後升級新版 Port 時造成問題："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9790
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make clean</userinput>\n"
"===&gt;  Cleaning for lsof-88.d,8\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:9795
msgid ""
"To save this extra step, instead use <command>make install clean</command> "
"when compiling the port."
msgstr ""
"若想要少做這個額外的步驟，可以編譯 Port 時使用 <command>make install clean</"
"command>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:9800
msgid "Customizing Ports Installation"
msgstr "自訂 Port 安裝"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:9802
msgid ""
"Some ports provide build options which can be used to enable or disable "
"application components, provide security options, or allow for other "
"customizations. Examples include <package>www/firefox</package>, "
"<package>security/gpgme</package>, and <package>mail/sylpheed-claws</"
"package>. If the port depends upon other ports which have configurable "
"options, it may pause several times for user interaction as the default "
"behavior is to prompt the user to select options from a menu. To avoid this "
"and do all of the configuration in one batch, run <command>make config-"
"recursive</command> within the port skeleton. Then, run <command>make "
"install [clean]</command> to compile and install the port."
msgstr ""
"部份 Port 提供編譯選項，可用來開啟或關閉應用程式中的元件、安全選項、或其他允"
"許自訂的項目。這類的應用程式例子包括 <package>www/firefox</package>, "
"<package>security/gpgme</package> 以及 <package>mail/sylpheed-claws</"
"package>。若 Port 相依的其他 Port 有可設定的選項時，預設的模式會提示使用者選"
"擇選單中的選項，這可能會讓安裝的過程暫停讓使用者操作數次。要避免這個情況，可"
"一次設定所有選項，只要在 Port skeleton 中執行 <command>make config-"
"recursive</command>，然後再執行 <command>make install [clean]</command> 編譯"
"與安裝該 Port。"

#. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget
#: book.translate.xml:9818
msgid "config-recursive"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget
#: book.translate.xml:9820
msgid "all-depends-list"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: tip/para
#: book.translate.xml:9817
msgid ""
"When using <_:buildtarget-1/>, the list of ports to configure are gathered "
"by the <_:buildtarget-2/> target. It is recommended to run <command>make "
"config-recursive</command> until all dependent ports options have been "
"defined, and ports options screens no longer appear, to be certain that all "
"dependency options have been configured."
msgstr ""
"使用 <_:buildtarget-1/> 時，會使用 <_:buildtarget-2/> Target 來收集所有要設"
"定 Port 清單。建議執行 <command>make config-recursive</command> 直到所有相依"
"的 Port 選項都已定義，直到 Port 的選項畫面不會再出現，來確定所有相依的選項都"
"已經設定。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:9828
msgid ""
"There are several ways to revisit a port's build options menu in order to "
"add, remove, or change these options after a port has been built. One method "
"is to <command>cd</command> into the directory containing the port and type "
"<command>make config</command>. Another option is to use <command>make "
"showconfig</command>. Another option is to execute <command>make rmconfig</"
"command> which will remove all selected options and allow you to start over. "
"All of these options, and others, are explained in great detail in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ports</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"有許多方式可以重新進入 Port 的編譯選項清單，以便在編譯 Port 之後加入、移除或"
"更改這些選項。方法之一是 <command>cd</command> 進入含有 Port 的目錄並輸入 "
"<command>make config</command>。還有另一個方法是使用 <command>make "
"showconfig</command>。最後一個方法是執行 <command>make rmconfig</command> 來"
"移除所有曾選擇過的選項，讓您能夠重新設定。這些方法在 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ports</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 中都有詳細的說明。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:9840
msgid ""
"The ports system uses <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fetch</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to download the source "
"files, which supports various environment variables. The "
"<envar>FTP_PASSIVE_MODE</envar>, <envar>FTP_PROXY</envar>, and "
"<envar>FTP_PASSWORD</envar> variables may need to be set if the FreeBSD "
"system is behind a firewall or FTP/HTTP proxy. See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fetch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> for the complete list of supported variables."
msgstr ""
"Port 系統使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fetch</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來下載檔案，它支援許多"
"的環境變數可設定。若 FreeBSD 系統在防火牆或 FTP/HTTP 代理伺服器後面，可以設"
"定 <envar>FTP_PASSIVE_MODE</envar>, <envar>FTP_PROXY</envar> 以及 "
"<envar>FTP_PASSWORD</envar> 變數。請參考 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fetch</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> 取得完整支援的變數清"
"單。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:9848
msgid ""
"For users who cannot be connected to the Internet all the time, "
"<command>make fetch</command> can be run within <filename>/usr/ports</"
"filename>, to fetch all distfiles, or within a category, such as <filename>/"
"usr/ports/net</filename>, or within the specific port skeleton. Note that if "
"a port has any dependencies, running this command in a category or ports "
"skeleton will <emphasis>not</emphasis> fetch the distfiles of ports from "
"another category. Instead, use <command>make fetch-recursive</command> to "
"also fetch the distfiles for all the dependencies of a port."
msgstr ""
"對於那些無法一直連線到網際網路的使用者，可在 <filename>/usr/ports</filename> "
"下執行 <command>make fetch</command> 來下載所有的 distfiles，或是可在某個分類"
"的目錄中，例如 <filename>/usr/ports/net</filename>，或指定的 Port Skeleton 中"
"執行。要注意的是，若 Port 有任何的相依，在分類或 Port Skeleton 中執行此指令"
"並 <emphasis>不會</emphasis> 下載相依在其他分類的 Port distfiles。可使用 "
"<command>make fetch-recursive</command> 來下載所有相依 Port 的 distfiles。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:9860
msgid ""
"In rare cases, such as when an organization has a local distfiles "
"repository, the <varname>MASTER_SITES</varname> variable can be used to "
"override the download locations specified in the <filename>Makefile</"
"filename>. When using, specify the alternate location:"
msgstr ""
"在部份少數情況，例如當公司或組織有自己的本地 distfiles 檔案庫，可使用 "
"<varname>MASTER_SITES</varname> 變數來覆蓋在 <filename>Makefile</filename> 中"
"指定的下載位址。當要指定替代的位址時可："

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9866
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/<replaceable>directory</replaceable></userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE= \\\n"
"<replaceable>ftp://ftp.organization.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/</replaceable> fetch</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:9870
msgid ""
"The <varname>WRKDIRPREFIX</varname> and <varname>PREFIX</varname> variables "
"can override the default working and target directories. For example:"
msgstr ""
"也可使用 <varname>WRKDIRPREFIX</varname> 及 <varname>PREFIX</varname> 變數來"
"覆蓋預設的工作及目標目錄。例如："

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9874
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make WRKDIRPREFIX=/usr/home/example/ports install</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:9876
msgid ""
"will compile the port in <filename>/usr/home/example/ports</filename> and "
"install everything under <filename>/usr/local</filename>."
msgstr ""
"會編譯在 <filename>/usr/home/example/ports</filename> 的 Port 並安裝所有東西"
"到 <filename>/usr/local</filename> 下。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9880
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make PREFIX=/usr/home/example/local install</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:9882
msgid ""
"will compile the port in <filename>/usr/ports</filename> and install it in "
"<filename>/usr/home/example/local</filename>. And:"
msgstr ""
"會編譯在 <filename>/usr/ports</filename> Port 並安裝到 <filename>/usr/home/"
"example/local</filename>。然後："

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9886
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make WRKDIRPREFIX=../ports PREFIX=../local install</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:9888
msgid "will combine the two."
msgstr "來同時設定工作及目標目錄。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:9890
msgid ""
"These can also be set as environmental variables. Refer to the manual page "
"for your shell for instructions on how to set an environmental variable."
msgstr ""
"這些變數也可做為環境變數設定，請參考您使用的 Shell 操作手冊來取得如何設定環境"
"變數的說明。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:9897
msgid "Removing Installed Ports"
msgstr "移除已安裝的 Port"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:9899
msgid "<primary>ports</primary> <secondary>removing</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9904
msgid ""
"Installed ports can be uninstalled using <command>pkg delete</command>. "
"Examples for using this command can be found in the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-delete</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page."
msgstr ""
"安裝的 Port 可以使用 <command>pkg delete</command> 解除安裝。 使用這個指令的"
"範例可以在 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-delete</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 操作手冊找到。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9908
msgid ""
"Alternately, <command>make deinstall</command> can be run in the port's "
"directory:"
msgstr "或者，可在 Port 的目錄下執行 <command>make deinstall</command>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9911
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof</userinput>\n"
"<userinput>make deinstall</userinput>\n"
"===&gt;  Deinstalling for sysutils/lsof\n"
"===&gt;   Deinstalling\n"
"Deinstallation has been requested for the following 1 packages:\n"
"\n"
"\tlsof-4.88.d,8\n"
"\n"
"The deinstallation will free 229 kB\n"
"[1/1] Deleting lsof-4.88.d,8... done"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9922
msgid ""
"It is recommended to read the messages as the port is uninstalled. If the "
"port has any applications that depend upon it, this information will be "
"displayed but the uninstallation will proceed. In such cases, it may be "
"better to reinstall the application in order to prevent broken dependencies."
msgstr ""
"建議閱讀 Port 解除安裝後的訊息，若有任何相依該 Port 的應用程式，這些資訊會被"
"顯示出來，但解除安裝的程序仍會繼續。在這種情況下最好重新安裝應用程式來避免破"
"壞相依性。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:9931
msgid "Upgrading Ports"
msgstr "升級 Port"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:9933
msgid "<primary>ports</primary> <secondary>upgrading</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9938
msgid ""
"Over time, newer versions of software become available in the Ports "
"Collection. This section describes how to determine which software can be "
"upgraded and how to perform the upgrade."
msgstr ""
"隨著時間推移，Port 套件集中會有新版的軟體可用。本節將說明如何檢查是否有可以升"
"級的軟體及如何升級。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9943
msgid ""
"To determine if newer versions of installed ports are available, ensure that "
"the latest version of the ports tree is installed, using the updating "
"command described in either <xref linkend=\"ports-using-portsnap-method\"/> "
"or <xref linkend=\"ports-using-subversion-method\"/>. On FreeBSD 10 and "
"later, or if the system has been converted to <application>pkg</"
"application>, the following command will list the installed ports which are "
"out of date:"
msgstr ""
"要檢查已安裝 Port 是否有新版可用，請先確定已安裝最新版本的 Port 樹，使用 "
"<xref linkend=\"ports-using-portsnap-method\"/> 或 <xref linkend=\"ports-"
"using-subversion-method\"/> 中說明的指令來更新。在 FreeBSD 10 與更新的版本，"
"或若套件系統已轉換為 <application>pkg</application>，可以使用下列指令列出已經"
"安裝的 Port 中有那些已過時："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9952
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg version -l \"&lt;\"</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:9954
msgid ""
"For FreeBSD 9.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and lower, the following command "
"will list the installed ports that are out of date:"
msgstr ""
"在 FreeBSD 9.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 與較舊的版本，可以使用下列指令列出"
"已經安裝的 Port 中有那些已過時："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:9958
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg_version -l \"&lt;\"</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: important/para
#: book.translate.xml:9961
msgid ""
"Before attempting an upgrade, read <filename>/usr/ports/UPDATING</filename> "
"from the top of the file to the date closest to the last time ports were "
"upgraded or the system was installed. This file describes various issues and "
"additional steps users may encounter and need to perform when updating a "
"port, including such things as file format changes, changes in locations of "
"configuration files, or any incompatibilities with previous versions. Make "
"note of any instructions which match any of the ports that need upgrading "
"and follow these instructions when performing the upgrade."
msgstr ""
"在嘗試升級之前，請先從檔首閱讀 <filename>/usr/ports/UPDATING</filename> 來取"
"得最近有那些 Port 已升級或系統已安裝。這個檔案中會說明各種問題及在升級 Port "
"時可能會需要使用者執行的額外步驟，例如檔案格式更改、設定檔位置更改、或任何與"
"先前版本不相容的問題。留意那些與您要升級 Port 相關的指示，並依照這些指示執行"
"升級。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:9976
#, fuzzy
msgid "Tools to Upgrade and Manage Ports"
msgstr "升級與管理 Port 的工具"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:9978
msgid "<primary>ports</primary> <secondary>upgrading-tools</secondary>"
msgstr "<primary>ports</primary> <secondary>upgrading-tools</secondary>"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:9983
msgid ""
"The Ports Collection contains several utilities to perform the actual "
"upgrade. Each has its strengths and weaknesses."
msgstr "Port 套件集含有數個工具可以進行升級，每一種工具都有其優點及缺點。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:9987
msgid ""
"Historically, most installations used either <application>Portmaster</"
"application> or <application>Portupgrade</application>. <application>Synth</"
"application> is a newer alternative."
msgstr ""
"以往大多 Port 安裝會使用 <application>Portmaster</application> 或 "
"<application>Portupgrade</application>，現在有較新的 <application>Synth</"
"application> 可使用。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:9994
msgid ""
"The choice of which tool is best for a particular system is up to the system "
"administrator. It is recommended practice to back up your data before using "
"any of these tools."
msgstr ""
"那一種工具對特定系統是最佳的選擇取決於系統管理員。建議在使用任何這些工具之前"
"先備份資料。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:10003
msgid "Upgrading Ports Using <application>Portmaster</application>"
msgstr "使用 <application>Portmaster</application> 升級 Port"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:10006
msgid "<primary>portmaster</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10010
msgid ""
"<package>ports-mgmt/portmaster</package> is a very small utility for "
"upgrading installed ports. It is designed to use the tools installed with "
"the FreeBSD base system without depending on other ports or databases. To "
"install this utility as a port:"
msgstr ""
"<package>ports-mgmt/portmaster</package> 是可用來升級已安裝 Port 的小巧工具，"
"它只使用了隨 FreeBSD 基礎系統安裝的工具，不需要相依其他 Port 或資料庫便可在 "
"FreeBSD 使用，要使用 Port 安裝此工具可："

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10018
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmaster</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10021
msgid "<application>Portmaster</application> defines four categories of ports:"
msgstr "<application>Portmaster</application> 將 Port 定義成四種類型："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10026
msgid ""
"Root port: has no dependencies and is not a dependency of any other ports."
msgstr "根 Port：沒有相依且也不被任何其他 Port 相依。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10031
msgid "Trunk port: has no dependencies, but other ports depend upon it."
msgstr "主幹 Port：沒有相依，但被其他 Port 相依。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10036
msgid "Branch port: has dependencies and other ports depend upon it."
msgstr "分支 Port：有相依，且其被其他 Port 相依。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10041
msgid "Leaf port: has dependencies but no other ports depend upon it."
msgstr "枝 Port：有相依，但沒有被其他 Port 相依。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10046
msgid "To list these categories and search for updates:"
msgstr "要列出這幾個分類並搜尋是否有新版："

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10048
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>portmaster -L</userinput>\n"
"===&gt;&gt;&gt; Root ports (No dependencies, not depended on)\n"
"===&gt;&gt;&gt; ispell-3.2.06_18\n"
"===&gt;&gt;&gt; screen-4.0.3\n"
"        ===&gt;&gt;&gt; New version available: screen-4.0.3_1\n"
"===&gt;&gt;&gt; tcpflow-0.21_1\n"
"===&gt;&gt;&gt; 7 root ports\n"
"...\n"
"===&gt;&gt;&gt; Branch ports (Have dependencies, are depended on)\n"
"===&gt;&gt;&gt; apache22-2.2.3\n"
"        ===&gt;&gt;&gt; New version available: apache22-2.2.8\n"
"...\n"
"===&gt;&gt;&gt; Leaf ports (Have dependencies, not depended on)\n"
"===&gt;&gt;&gt; automake-1.9.6_2\n"
"===&gt;&gt;&gt; bash-3.1.17\n"
"        ===&gt;&gt;&gt; New version available: bash-3.2.33\n"
"...\n"
"===&gt;&gt;&gt; 32 leaf ports\n"
"\n"
"===&gt;&gt;&gt; 137 total installed ports\n"
"        ===&gt;&gt;&gt; 83 have new versions available"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10070
msgid "This command is used to upgrade all outdated ports:"
msgstr "此指令用來升級所有過時的 Port："

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10073
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>portmaster -a</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:10076
msgid ""
"By default, <application>Portmaster</application> makes a backup package "
"before deleting the existing port. If the installation of the new version is "
"successful, <application>Portmaster</application> deletes the backup. Using "
"<option>-b</option> instructs <application>Portmaster</application> not to "
"automatically delete the backup. Adding <option>-i</option> starts "
"<application>Portmaster</application> in interactive mode, prompting for "
"confirmation before upgrading each port. Many other options are available. "
"Read through the manual page for <citerefentry vendor=\"ports"
"\"><refentrytitle>portmaster</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> for details regarding their usage."
msgstr ""
"預設 <application>Portmaster</application> 會在刪除已存在的 Port 前備份套件，"
"若成功安裝新版 <application>Portmaster</application> 會刪除該備份。使用 "
"<option>-b</option> 來讓 <application>Portmaster</application> 不會自動刪除備"
"份。加入 <option>-i</option> 可啟動 <application>Portmaster</application> 的"
"互動模式，會在升級每個 Port 前提示訊息。尚有許多可用的其他選項，請閱讀 "
"<citerefentry vendor=\"ports\"><refentrytitle>portmaster</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的操作手冊來取得詳細的"
"用法。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10090
msgid ""
"If errors are encountered during the upgrade process, add <option>-f</"
"option> to upgrade and rebuild all ports:"
msgstr ""
"若升級的過程發生錯誤，可加入 <option>-f</option> 來升級並重新編譯所有 Port："

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10094 book.translate.xml:44805
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>portmaster -af</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10096
msgid ""
"<application>Portmaster</application> can also be used to install new ports "
"on the system, upgrading all dependencies before building and installing the "
"new port. To use this function, specify the location of the port in the "
"Ports Collection:"
msgstr ""
"<application>Portmaster</application> 也可用來安裝新的 Port 到系統，在編譯及"
"安裝新 Port 前升級所有相依模組。要使用這個功能，要指定 Port 位於 Port 套件集"
"中的位置："

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10102
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>portmaster <replaceable>shells/bash</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10104
msgid ""
"More information about <package>ports-mgmt/portmaster</package> may be found "
"in its <filename>pkg-descr</filename>."
msgstr ""
"更多有關 <package>ports-mgmt/portmaster</package> 的資訊可至其 <filename>pkg-"
"descr</filename> 取得。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:10110
msgid "Upgrading Ports Using Portupgrade"
msgstr "使用 Portupgrade 升級 Port"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:10112
msgid "<primary>portupgrade</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10116
msgid ""
"<package>ports-mgmt/portupgrade</package> is another utility that can be "
"used to upgrade ports. It installs a suite of applications which can be used "
"to manage ports. However, it is dependent upon Ruby. To install the port:"
msgstr ""
"<package>ports-mgmt/portupgrade</package> 是另一個可以用來升級 Port 的工具，"
"此工具會安裝一套可以用來管理 Port 的應用程式，它需要相依 Ruby。要安裝該 "
"Port："

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10122
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portupgrade</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10125
msgid ""
"Before performing an upgrade using this utility, it is recommended to scan "
"the list of installed ports using <command>pkgdb -F</command> and to fix all "
"the inconsistencies it reports."
msgstr ""
"在執行升級之前使用此工具，建議使用 <command>pkgdb -F</command> 掃描已安裝的 "
"Port 並修正該指令回報的所有資訊不一致的套件。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10130
msgid ""
"To upgrade all the outdated ports installed on the system, use "
"<command>portupgrade -a</command>. Alternately, include <option>-i</option> "
"to be asked for confirmation of every individual upgrade:"
msgstr ""
"要升級所有安裝在系統上過時的 Port，可使用 <command>portupgrade -a</command>，"
"或者加上 <option>-i</option> 會在每個套件升級時詢問確認："

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10135
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>portupgrade -ai</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10137
msgid ""
"To upgrade only a specified application instead of all available ports, use "
"<command>portupgrade <replaceable>pkgname</replaceable></command>. It is "
"very important to include <option>-R</option> to first upgrade all the ports "
"required by the given application:"
msgstr ""
"要升級指定的應用程式而非所有可用 Port 可使用 <command>portupgrade "
"<replaceable>pkgname</replaceable></command>，非常重要的是，要加上 <option>-"
"R</option> 來先升級指定應用程式所有相依的 Port："

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10143
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>portupgrade -R firefox</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10145
msgid ""
"If <option>-P</option> is included, <application>Portupgrade</application> "
"searches for available packages in the local directories listed in "
"<envar>PKG_PATH</envar>. If none are available locally, it then fetches "
"packages from a remote site. If packages can not be found locally or fetched "
"remotely, <application>Portupgrade</application> will use ports. To avoid "
"using ports entirely, specify <option>-PP</option>. This last set of options "
"tells <application>Portupgrade</application> to abort if no packages are "
"available:"
msgstr ""
"若使用 <option>-P</option>，<application>Portupgrade</application> 會先在 "
"<envar>PKG_PATH</envar> 清單中的本地目錄中搜尋可用的套件。若本地沒有可用的套"
"件，則會從遠端下載。若套件無法在本地或遠端找到，<application>Portupgrade</"
"application> 則會使用 Port 來安裝。要避免完全使用 Port 安裝，可使用 <option>-"
"PP</option>，這個選項會告訴 <application>Portupgrade</application> 若沒有套件"
"可用時放棄安裝："

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10158
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>portupgrade -PP gnome3</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10160
msgid ""
"To just fetch the port distfiles, or packages, if <option>-P</option> is "
"specified, without building or installing anything, use <option>-F</option>. "
"For further information on all of the available switches, refer to the "
"manual page for <command>portupgrade</command>."
msgstr ""
"若只想要下載 Port distfiles 或套件，使用 <option>-P</option> 參數。若不要編譯"
"或安裝任何東西，使用 <option>-F</option>。請參考 <command>portupgrade</"
"command> 的操作手冊來取得所有可用選項的更多資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10166
msgid ""
"More information about <package>ports-mgmt/portupgrade</package> may be "
"found in its <filename>pkg-descr</filename>."
msgstr ""
"更多有關 <package>ports-mgmt/portupgrade</package> 的資訊可至其 "
"<filename>pkg-descr</filename> 取得。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:10174
msgid "Ports and Disk Space"
msgstr "Port 與磁碟空間"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:10176
msgid "<primary>ports</primary> <secondary>disk-space</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10181
msgid ""
"Using the Ports Collection will use up disk space over time. After building "
"and installing a port, running <command>make clean</command> within the "
"ports skeleton will clean up the temporary <filename>work</filename> "
"directory. If <application>Portmaster</application> is used to install a "
"port, it will automatically remove this directory unless <option>-K</option> "
"is specified. If <application>Portupgrade</application> is installed, this "
"command will remove all <filename>work</filename> directories found within "
"the local copy of the Ports Collection:"
msgstr ""
"使用 Port 套件集會隨著時間消耗磁碟空間。在編譯與安裝 Port 完之後，在 Port "
"Skeleton 中執行 <command>make clean</command> 可清除暫存的 <filename>work</"
"filename> 目錄。若使用 <application>Portmaster</application> 來安裝 Port，則"
"會自動移除該目錄，除非使用 <option>-K</option>。若有安裝 "
"<application>Portupgrade</application>，此指令將會移除所有在 Port 套件集的本"
"地複本中找到的 <filename>work</filename> 目錄："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10192
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>portsclean -C</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10194
msgid ""
"In addition, outdated source distribution files accumulate in <filename>/usr/"
"ports/distfiles</filename> over time. To use <application>Portupgrade</"
"application> to delete all the distfiles that are no longer referenced by "
"any ports:"
msgstr ""
"除此之外，許多過時的原始碼發行檔案會儲存在 <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</"
"filename>。使用 <application>Portupgrade</application> 刪除所有不再被任何 "
"Port 所引用的 distfiles："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10200
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>portsclean -D</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10202
msgid ""
"<application>Portupgrade</application> can remove all distfiles not "
"referenced by any port currently installed on the system:"
msgstr ""
"<application>Portupgrade</application> 可以移除所有未被任何安裝在系統上的 "
"Port 所引用的 distfiles："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10206
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>portsclean -DD</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10208
msgid "If <application>Portmaster</application> is installed, use:"
msgstr "若有安裝 <application>Portmaster</application>，則可使用："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10211
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>portmaster --clean-distfiles</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10213
msgid ""
"By default, this command is interactive and prompts the user to confirm if a "
"distfile should be deleted."
msgstr "預設，若 distfile 應要被刪除，這個指令會以互動的方式向使用者確認。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10216
msgid ""
"In addition to these commands, <package>ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves</package> "
"automates the task of removing installed ports that are no longer needed."
msgstr ""
"除了以上指令外，<package>ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves</package> 可自動移除不再需"
"要使用的 Port。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:10224
msgid "Building Packages with <application>Poudriere</application>"
msgstr "使用 <application>Poudriere</application> 編譯套件"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:10227
msgid ""
"<application>Poudriere</application> is a <acronym>BSD</acronym>-licensed "
"utility for creating and testing FreeBSD packages. It uses FreeBSD jails to "
"set up isolated compilation environments. These jails can be used to build "
"packages for versions of FreeBSD that are different from the system on which "
"it is installed, and also to build packages for i386 if the host is an amd64 "
"system. Once the packages are built, they are in a layout identical to the "
"official mirrors. These packages are usable by "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and other package management tools."
msgstr ""
"<application>Poudriere</application> 是一個使用 <acronym>BSD</acronym> 授權條"
"款用來建立與測試 FreeBSD 套件的工具。它使用 FreeBSD Jail 來建置獨立的編譯環"
"境，這些 Jail 可以用來編譯與目前所在系統不同 FreeBSD 版本的套件，也同樣可以在"
"主機為 amd64 的系統上編譯供 i386 使用的套件。套件編譯完成後的目錄配置會與官方"
"鏡像站完全相同。這些套件可由 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 及其他套件管理工具使"
"用。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:10238
msgid ""
"<application>Poudriere</application> is installed using the <package role="
"\"port\">ports-mgmt/poudriere</package> package or port. The installation "
"includes a sample configuration file <filename>/usr/local/etc/poudriere.conf."
"sample</filename>. Copy this file to <filename>/usr/local/etc/poudriere."
"conf</filename>. Edit the copied file to suit the local configuration."
msgstr ""
"<application>Poudriere</application> 可使用 <package role=\"port\">ports-"
"mgmt/poudriere</package> 套件或 Port 安裝。安裝完成後會有一個範例的設定檔 "
"<filename>/usr/local/etc/poudriere.conf.sample</filename>。複製此檔案到 "
"<filename>/usr/local/etc/poudriere.conf</filename>，編輯複製的檔案來配合本地"
"的設定。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:10246
msgid ""
"While <acronym>ZFS</acronym> is not required on the system running "
"<application>poudriere</application>, it is beneficial. When <acronym>ZFS</"
"acronym> is used, <varname>ZPOOL</varname> must be specified in <filename>/"
"usr/local/etc/poudriere.conf</filename> and <varname>FREEBSD_HOST</varname> "
"should be set to a nearby mirror. Defining <varname>CCACHE_DIR</varname> "
"enables the use of <package role=\"port\">devel/ccache</package> to cache "
"compilation and reduce build times for frequently-compiled code. It may be "
"convenient to put <application>poudriere</application> datasets in an "
"isolated tree mounted at <filename>/poudriere</filename>. Defaults for the "
"other configuration values are adequate."
msgstr ""
"雖然在系統上執行 <application>poudriere</application> 並不一定要使用 "
"<acronym>ZFS</acronym>，但使用了是有幫助的。當使用了 <acronym>ZFS</acronym>，"
"則必須在 <filename>/usr/local/etc/poudriere.conf</filename> 指定 "
"<varname>ZPOOL</varname> 以及 <varname>FREEBSD_HOST</varname> 應設定到一個最"
"近的鏡像站。定義 <varname>CCACHE_DIR</varname> 可開啟使用 <package role="
"\"port\">devel/ccache</package> 快取的功能來快取編譯結果並減少那些需時常編譯"
"的程式碼的編譯次數。將 <application>poudriere</application> 資料集放到一個獨"
"立的目錄並掛載到 <filename>/poudriere</filename> 可能會比較方便，其他設定項目"
"採用預設值便足夠。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:10260
msgid ""
"The number of processor cores detected is used to define how many builds "
"will run in parallel. Supply enough virtual memory, either with "
"<acronym>RAM</acronym> or swap space. If virtual memory runs out, the "
"compilation jails will stop and be torn down, resulting in weird error "
"messages."
msgstr ""
"偵測到的處理器數量可用來定義要同時執行多少個編譯。並給予足夠的虛擬記憶體，不"
"論是 <acronym>RAM</acronym> 或交換空間，若虛擬記憶體不足，編譯 Jail 的動作將"
"會停止並被清除，會造成奇怪的錯誤訊息。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:10267
msgid "Initialize Jails and Port Trees"
msgstr "初始化 Jail 與 Port 樹"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10269
msgid ""
"After configuration, initialize <application>poudriere</application> so that "
"it installs a jail with the required FreeBSD tree and a ports tree. Specify "
"a name for the jail using <option>-j</option> and the FreeBSD version with "
"<option>-v</option>. On systems running FreeBSD/amd64, the architecture can "
"be set with <option>-a</option> to either <literal>i386</literal> or "
"<literal>amd64</literal>. The default is the architecture shown by "
"<command>uname</command>."
msgstr ""
"在設定之後，初始化 <application>poudriere</application> 來安裝 Jail 及其所需"
"的 FreeBSD 樹與 Port 樹。使用 <option>-j</option> 來指定 Jail 的名稱以及 "
"<option>-v</option> 來指定 FreeBSD 的版本。在執行 FreeBSD/amd64 的系統上可使"
"用 <option>-a</option> 來設定要使用的架構為 <literal>i386</literal> 或 "
"<literal>amd64</literal>，預設會採用使用 <command>uname</command> 所顯示的架"
"構。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10279
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>poudriere jail -c -j <replaceable>10amd64</replaceable> -v <replaceable>10.0-RELEASE</replaceable></userinput>\n"
"====&gt;&gt; Creating 10amd64 fs... done\n"
"====&gt;&gt; Fetching base.txz for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE amd64\n"
"/poudriere/jails/10amd64/fromftp/base.txz      100% of   59 MB 1470 kBps 00m42s\n"
"====&gt;&gt; Extracting base.txz... done\n"
"====&gt;&gt; Fetching src.txz for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE amd64\n"
"/poudriere/jails/10amd64/fromftp/src.txz       100% of  107 MB 1476 kBps 01m14s\n"
"====&gt;&gt; Extracting src.txz... done\n"
"====&gt;&gt; Fetching games.txz for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE amd64\n"
"/poudriere/jails/10amd64/fromftp/games.txz     100% of  865 kB  734 kBps 00m01s\n"
"====&gt;&gt; Extracting games.txz... done\n"
"====&gt;&gt; Fetching lib32.txz for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE amd64\n"
"/poudriere/jails/10amd64/fromftp/lib32.txz     100% of   14 MB 1316 kBps 00m12s\n"
"====&gt;&gt; Extracting lib32.txz... done\n"
"====&gt;&gt; Cleaning up... done\n"
"====&gt;&gt; Jail 10amd64 10.0-RELEASE amd64 is ready to be used"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10296
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>poudriere ports -c -p <replaceable>local</replaceable></userinput>\n"
"====&gt;&gt; Creating local fs... done\n"
"====&gt;&gt; Extracting portstree \"local\"...\n"
"Looking up portsnap.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 7 mirrors found.\n"
"Fetching public key from ec2-eu-west-1.portsnap.freebsd.org... done.\n"
"Fetching snapshot tag from ec2-eu-west-1.portsnap.freebsd.org... done.\n"
"Fetching snapshot metadata... done.\n"
"Fetching snapshot generated at Tue Feb 11 01:07:15 CET 2014:\n"
"94a3431f0ce567f6452ffde4fd3d7d3c6e1da143efec76100% of   69 MB 1246 kBps 00m57s\n"
"Extracting snapshot... done.\n"
"Verifying snapshot integrity... done.\n"
"Fetching snapshot tag from ec2-eu-west-1.portsnap.freebsd.org... done.\n"
"Fetching snapshot metadata... done.\n"
"Updating from Tue Feb 11 01:07:15 CET 2014 to Tue Feb 11 16:05:20 CET 2014.\n"
"Fetching 4 metadata patches... done.\n"
"Applying metadata patches... done.\n"
"Fetching 0 metadata files... done.\n"
"Fetching 48 patches.\n"
"(48/48) 100.00%  done.\n"
"done.\n"
"Applying patches...\n"
"done.\n"
"Fetching 1 new ports or files... done.\n"
"/poudriere/ports/tester/CHANGES\n"
"/poudriere/ports/tester/COPYRIGHT\n"
"\n"
"[...]\n"
"\n"
"Building new INDEX files... done."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10326
msgid ""
"On a single computer, <application>poudriere</application> can build ports "
"with multiple configurations, in multiple jails, and from different port "
"trees. Custom configurations for these combinations are called "
"<emphasis>sets</emphasis>. See the CUSTOMIZATION section of <citerefentry "
"vendor=\"ports\"><refentrytitle>poudriere</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for details after <package>ports-mgmt/poudriere</"
"package> or <package>ports-mgmt/poudriere-devel</package> is installed."
msgstr ""
"在一台電腦，<application>poudriere</application> 可使用多組設定在多個 Jail 編"
"譯來自不同 Port 樹的 Port。用來定義這些組合的自訂設定稱作 <emphasis>sets</"
"emphasis>，可在安裝 <package>ports-mgmt/poudriere</package> 或 "
"<package>ports-mgmt/poudriere-devel</package> 後參考 <citerefentry vendor="
"\"ports\"><refentrytitle>poudriere</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 中的 CUSTOMIZATION 章節來取得詳細的資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10335
msgid ""
"The basic configuration shown here puts a single jail-, port-, and set-"
"specific <filename>make.conf</filename> in <filename>/usr/local/etc/"
"poudriere.d</filename>. The filename in this example is created by combining "
"the jail name, port name, and set name: <filename><replaceable>10amd64-local-"
"workstation</replaceable>-make.conf</filename>. The system <filename>make."
"conf</filename> and this new file are combined at build time to create the "
"<filename>make.conf</filename> used by the build jail."
msgstr ""
"在此處示範的基本設定放了單一個 jail-, port- 以及 set- 特定的 <filename>make."
"conf</filename> 在 <filename>/usr/local/etc/poudriere.d</filename>。在此範例"
"使用的檔案名稱由 Jail 名稱、Port 名稱以及 set 名稱所組成："
"<filename><replaceable>10amd64-local-workstation</replaceable>-make.conf</"
"filename>。系統 <filename>make.conf</filename> 與這個新的檔案在編譯時期會被合"
"併為編譯 Jail 要使用的 <filename>make.conf</filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10345
msgid ""
"Packages to be built are entered in <filename><replaceable>10amd64-local-"
"workstation</replaceable>-pkglist</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"要編譯的套件會輸入到 <filename><replaceable>10amd64-local-workstation</"
"replaceable>-pkglist</filename>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:10348
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"editors/emacs\n"
"devel/git\n"
"ports-mgmt/pkg\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10353
msgid "Options and dependencies for the specified ports are configured:"
msgstr "可使用以下方式設定選項及相依："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10356
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>poudriere options -j <replaceable>10amd64</replaceable> -p <replaceable>local</replaceable> -z <replaceable>workstation</replaceable> -f <replaceable>10amd64-local-workstation-pkglist</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10358
msgid "Finally, packages are built and a package repository is created:"
msgstr "最後，編譯套件並建立套件檔案庫："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10361
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>poudriere bulk -j <replaceable>10amd64</replaceable> -p <replaceable>local</replaceable> -z <replaceable>workstation</replaceable> -f <replaceable>10amd64-local-workstation-pkglist</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10363
msgid ""
"While running, pressing <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</"
"keycap><keycap>t</keycap></keycombo> displays the current state of the "
"build. <application>Poudriere</application> also builds files in <filename>/"
"poudriere/logs/bulk/<replaceable>jailname</replaceable></filename> that can "
"be used with a web server to display build information."
msgstr ""
"在執行時，按下 <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>t</"
"keycap></keycombo> 可以顯示目前編譯的狀態，<application>Poudriere</"
"application> 也會編譯在 <filename>/poudriere/logs/bulk/"
"<replaceable>jailname</replaceable></filename> 中的檔案，可用在網頁伺服器來顯"
"示編譯資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10370
msgid ""
"After completion, the new packages are now available for installation from "
"the <application>poudriere</application> repository."
msgstr ""
"完成之後，新套件現在可以從 <application>poudriere</application> 檔案庫來安"
"裝。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10374
msgid ""
"For more information on using <application>poudriere</application>, see "
"<citerefentry vendor=\"ports\"><refentrytitle>poudriere</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and the main web site, "
"<link xlink:href=\"https://github.com/freebsd/poudriere/wiki\"/>."
msgstr ""
"要取得更多使用 <application>poudriere</application> 的資訊，請參考 "
"<citerefentry vendor=\"ports\"><refentrytitle>poudriere</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 及主網站 <link xlink:"
"href=\"https://github.com/freebsd/poudriere/wiki\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:10379
msgid "Configuring pkg Clients to Use a Poudriere Repository"
msgstr "設定 pkg 客戶端使用 Poudriere 檔案庫"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10382
msgid ""
"While it is possible to use both a custom repository along side of the "
"official repository, sometimes it is useful to disable the official "
"repository. This is done by creating a configuration file that overrides and "
"disables the official configuration file. Create <filename>/usr/local/etc/"
"pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf</filename> that contains the following:"
msgstr ""
"雖然可以同時使用自訂的檔案庫與官方檔案庫，但有時關閉官方檔案庫會有幫助。這可"
"以透過建立一個設定檔覆蓋並關閉官方的設定檔來完成。建立 <filename>/usr/local/"
"etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf</filename> 包含以下內容："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:10390
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"FreeBSD: {\n"
"\tenabled: no\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10394
msgid ""
"Usually it is easiest to serve a poudriere repository to the client machines "
"via HTTP. Set up a webserver to serve up the package directory, for "
"instance: <filename>/usr/local/poudriere/data/packages/<replaceable>10amd64</"
"replaceable></filename>, where <filename><replaceable>10amd64</replaceable></"
"filename> is the name of the build."
msgstr ""
"通常最簡單要提供 poudriere 檔案庫給客戶端的方式是透過 HTTP。安裝一個網頁伺服"
"器來提供套件目錄，通常會像：<filename>/usr/local/poudriere/data/packages/"
"<replaceable>10amd64</replaceable></filename>，其中 <filename>10amd64</"
"filename> 是編譯的名稱。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10401
msgid ""
"If the URL to the package repository is: <literal>http://pkg.example."
"com/10amd64</literal>, then the repository configuration file in <filename>/"
"usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/custom.conf</filename> would look like:"
msgstr ""
"若要連往套件檔案庫的 URL 是：<literal>http://pkg.example.com/10amd64</"
"literal>，則在 <filename>/usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/custom.conf</filename> 的檔"
"案庫設定檔為："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:10407
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"custom: {\n"
"\turl: \"<replaceable>http://pkg.example.com/10amd64</replaceable>\",\n"
"\tenabled: yes,\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:10415
msgid "Post-Installation Considerations"
msgstr "安裝後的注意事項"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:10417
msgid ""
"Regardless of whether the software was installed from a binary package or "
"port, most third-party applications require some level of configuration "
"after installation. The following commands and locations can be used to help "
"determine what was installed with the application."
msgstr ""
"不論軟體是從套件或 Port 安裝，大部份的第三方應用程式安裝完後需要做某種程度的"
"設定，下列指令與位置可以用來協助找到應用程式安裝了什麼。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10425
msgid ""
"Most applications install at least one default configuration file in "
"<filename>/usr/local/etc</filename>. In cases where an application has a "
"large number of configuration files, a subdirectory will be created to hold "
"them. Often, sample configuration files are installed which end with a "
"suffix such as <filename>.sample</filename>. The configuration files should "
"be reviewed and possibly edited to meet the system's needs. To edit a sample "
"file, first copy it without the <filename>.sample</filename> extension."
msgstr ""
"大部份應用程式安裝會在 <filename>/usr/local/etc</filename> 安裝至少一個預設的"
"設定檔，若應用程式有大量設定檔的時則會建立一個子目錄來存放這些設定檔。範例的"
"設定檔案名稱通常使用 <filename>.sample</filename> 結尾，設定檔應要仔細查看並"
"可能要做一些編輯讓設定檔符合系統的需求，要編輯設定檔範本前需先複製該檔案並去"
"除 <filename>.sample</filename> 副檔名。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10438
msgid ""
"Applications which provide documentation will install it into <filename>/usr/"
"local/share/doc</filename> and many applications also install manual pages. "
"This documentation should be consulted before continuing."
msgstr ""
"應用程式提供的文件會安裝到 <filename>/usr/local/share/doc</filename>，且許多"
"應用程式也同時會安裝操作手冊，在繼續使用應用程式前應先查看這些文件。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10445
msgid ""
"Some applications run services which must be added to <filename>/etc/rc."
"conf</filename> before starting the application. These applications usually "
"install a startup script in <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename>. See "
"<link linkend=\"configtuning-starting-services\">Starting Services</link> "
"for more information."
msgstr ""
"部份應用程式會以服務的方式執行，在啟動應用程式前前需要加入設定到 <filename>/"
"etc/rc.conf</filename>。這些應用程式通常會安裝啟動 Script 到 <filename>/usr/"
"local/etc/rc.d</filename>，請參考 <link linkend=\"configtuning-starting-"
"services\">啟動服務</link> 來取得更多資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:10453
msgid ""
"By design, applications do not run their startup script upon installation, "
"nor do they run their stop script upon deinstallation or upgrade. This "
"decision is left to the individual system administrator."
msgstr ""
"依設計，應用程式不會在安裝時執行其啟動 Script，也不會在解除安裝或升級時執行其"
"中止 Script，這留給各系統的管理者去做決定。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10462
msgid ""
"Users of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>csh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> should run <command>rehash</command> to rebuild "
"the known binary list in the shells <envar>PATH</envar>."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>csh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的使用者應要執行 <command>rehash</command> 來更新已知 Binary 清"
"單到 Shell 的 <envar>PATH</envar>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10468
msgid ""
"Use <command>pkg info</command> to determine which files, man pages, and "
"binaries were installed with the application."
msgstr ""
"使用 <command>pkg info</command> 來了解應用程式安裝了那些檔案、操作手冊以及 "
"Binary。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:10476
msgid "Dealing with Broken Ports"
msgstr "處理損壞的 Port"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:10478
msgid "When a port does not build or install, try the following:"
msgstr "當發現某個 Port 無法順利編譯或安裝，可以嘗試以下幾種方法解決："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10483
msgid ""
"Search to see if there is a fix pending for the port in the <link xlink:href="
"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/support.html\">Problem Report database</link>. If so, "
"implementing the proposed fix may fix the issue."
msgstr ""
"搜尋 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/support.html\">問題回報資料庫</"
"link> 看該 Port 有沒有待審核的修正，若有的話可以使用該修正來修正問題。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10490
msgid ""
"Ask the maintainer of the port for help. Type <command>make maintainer</"
"command> in the ports skeleton or read the port's <filename>Makefile</"
"filename> to find the maintainer's email address. Remember to include the "
"<literal>$FreeBSD:</literal> line from the port's <filename>Makefile</"
"filename> and the output leading up to the error in the email to the "
"maintainer."
msgstr ""
"尋求維護人員的協助，在 Port Skeleton 目錄中輸入 <command>make maintainer</"
"command> 或閱讀 Port 的 <filename>Makefile</filename> 來取得維護人員的電子郵"
"件位址。寄給維護人員的郵件內容請記得要包含 Port 的 <filename>Makefile</"
"filename> 中的 <literal>$FreeBSD:</literal> 一整行及輸出的錯誤訊息。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:10500
msgid ""
"Some ports are not maintained by an individual but instead by a group "
"maintainer represented by a <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US."
"ISO8859-1/articles/mailing-list-faq/article.html\">mailing list</link>. "
"Many, but not all, of these addresses look like <email role=\"nolink"
"\">freebsd-<replaceable>listname</replaceable>@FreeBSD.org</email>. Please "
"take this into account when sending an email."
msgstr ""
"有一些 Port 並非由個人維護，而是由 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/"
"en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/mailing-list-faq/article.html\">郵遞論壇</link> 維"
"護，有許多，但並非全部，只要郵件地址長的像 <email role=\"nolink\">freebsd-"
"listname@FreeBSD.org</email> 都是，寄信時記得代入實際的論壇名稱。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:10507
msgid ""
"In particular, ports maintained by <email role=\"nolink\">ports@FreeBSD.org</"
"email> are not maintained by a specific individual. Instead, any fixes and "
"support come from the general community who subscribe to that mailing list. "
"More volunteers are always needed!"
msgstr ""
"尤其是由 <email role=\"nolink\">ports@FreeBSD.org</email> 所維護的  Port  都"
"不是由特定個人維護，而該 Port 的修正與支援都是來自訂閱該郵遞論壇的一般社群所"
"提供，我們隨時歡迎志工參與!"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10515
msgid ""
"If there is no response to the email, use Bugzilla to submit a bug report "
"using the instructions in <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US."
"ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/article.html\">Writing FreeBSD Problem "
"Reports</link>."
msgstr ""
"若寄信後沒有取得任何回應，可以依照 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/"
"en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/article.html\">撰寫 FreeBSD 問題回報"
"</link> 的說明使用 Bugzilla 提出問題回報。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10522
msgid ""
"Fix it! The <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/"
"porters-handbook/index.html\">Porter's Handbook</link> includes detailed "
"information on the ports infrastructure so that you can fix the occasional "
"broken port or even submit your own!"
msgstr ""
"自行修正看看！<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/"
"porters-handbook/index.html\">Porter's Handbook</link> 中含有 Port 基礎架構的"
"詳細資訊，可提供資訊讓您可修正偶然損壞的 Port 或甚至您可以提交之自己的 Port。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10529
msgid ""
"Install the package instead of the port using the instructions in <xref "
"linkend=\"pkgng-intro\"/>."
msgstr ""
"依照 <xref linkend=\"pkgng-intro\"/> 中的說明安裝 Binary 套件，替代使用 Port "
"安裝。"

#. (itstool) path: chapter/title
#: book.translate.xml:10559
msgid "The X Window System"
msgstr "X Window 系統"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:10564
msgid ""
"An installation of FreeBSD using <application>bsdinstall</application> does "
"not automatically install a graphical user interface. This chapter describes "
"how to install and configure <application>Xorg</application>, which provides "
"the open source X Window System used to provide a graphical environment. It "
"then describes how to find and install a desktop environment or window "
"manager."
msgstr ""
"使用 <application>bsdinstall</application> 安裝 FreeBSD 並不會自動安裝圖型化"
"使用者介面。本章將說明如何安裝並設定 <application>Xorg</application>，該應用"
"程式提供開放源碼的 X Window 系統來提供圖型化環境。接著會說明如何找到並安裝桌"
"面環境或視窗管理程式。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:10573
msgid ""
"Users who prefer an installation method that automatically configures the "
"<application>Xorg</application> and offers a choice of window managers "
"during installation should refer to the <link xlink:href=\"http://www.trueos."
"org/\"/> website."
msgstr ""
"偏好安裝時會自動設定 <application>Xorg</application> 並且在安裝過程提供視窗管"
"理程式選項的使用者請參考 <link xlink:href=\"http://www.trueos.org/\"/> 網站。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:10580
msgid ""
"For more information on the video hardware that <application>Xorg</"
"application> supports, refer to the <link xlink:href=\"http://www.x.org/\">x."
"org</link> website."
msgstr ""
"更多有關 <application>Xorg</application> 支援影像硬體資訊，請參考 <link "
"xlink:href=\"http://www.x.org/\">x.org</link> 網站。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10587
msgid ""
"The various components of the X Window System, and how they interoperate."
msgstr "組成 X Window 系統的各種元件以及它們是如何相互運作。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10592
msgid "How to install and configure <application>Xorg</application>."
msgstr "如何安裝並設定 <application>Xorg</application>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10597
msgid ""
"How to install and configure several window managers and desktop "
"environments."
msgstr "如何安裝並設定各種視窗管理程式與桌面環境。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10602
msgid ""
"How to use <trademark class=\"registered\">TrueType</trademark> fonts in "
"<application>Xorg</application>."
msgstr ""
"如何在 <application>Xorg</application> 上使用 <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">TrueType</trademark> 字型。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10607
msgid ""
"How to set up your system for graphical logins (<application>XDM</"
"application>)."
msgstr "如何設定系統以使用圖形化登入 (<application>XDM</application>)。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10616
msgid ""
"Know how to install additional third-party software as described in <xref "
"linkend=\"ports\"/>."
msgstr "了解如何依照 <xref linkend=\"ports\"/> 說明安裝其他第三方軟體。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:10623
msgid "Terminology"
msgstr "術語"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:10625
msgid ""
"While it is not necessary to understand all of the details of the various "
"components in the X Window System and how they interact, some basic "
"knowledge of these components can be useful."
msgstr ""
"雖然 X 各元件的所有細節及運作方式，並不是必須要知道的。 但對它們有些基本概念"
"會更容易上手。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:10632
msgid "X server"
msgstr "X 伺服器 (X Server)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10635
msgid ""
"X was designed from the beginning to be network-centric, and adopts a "
"<quote>client-server</quote> model. In this model, the <quote>X server</"
"quote> runs on the computer that has the keyboard, monitor, and mouse "
"attached. The server's responsibility includes tasks such as managing the "
"display, handling input from the keyboard and mouse, and handling input or "
"output from other devices such as a tablet or a video projector. This "
"confuses some people, because the X terminology is exactly backward to what "
"they expect. They expect the <quote>X server</quote> to be the big powerful "
"machine down the hall, and the <quote>X client</quote> to be the machine on "
"their desk."
msgstr ""
"X 最初設計是以網路為中心，採用 <quote>client-server</quote> 架構。在此架構下 "
"<quote>X 伺服器</quote> 在有鍵盤、螢幕、滑鼠的電腦上運作。該伺服器負責的工作"
"包含管理顯示、處理來自鍵盤、滑鼠的輸入及來自其他設備 (如平板或或影像投影機) "
"的輸入或輸出。這點可能會讓人感到困惑，因為 X 使用的術語與一般的認知剛好相"
"反。 一般認知會以為 <quote>X 伺服器</quote> 是要在最強悍的主機上執行，而 "
"<quote>X 客戶端</quote> 才是在桌機上面執行，實際上卻是相反。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:10652
msgid "X client"
msgstr "X 客戶端 (X Client)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10655
msgid ""
"Each X application, such as <application>XTerm</application> or "
"<application>Firefox</application>, is a <quote>client</quote>. A client "
"sends messages to the server such as <quote>Please draw a window at these "
"coordinates</quote>, and the server sends back messages such as <quote>The "
"user just clicked on the OK button</quote>."
msgstr ""
"每個 X 應用程式，如 <application>XTerm</application>、<application>Firefox</"
"application> 都是 <quote>客戶端</quote>。 客戶端會傳訊息到伺服器，例如："
"<quote>請在這些座標畫一個視窗</quote>，接著伺服器會傳回訊息，如：<quote>使用"
"者剛點選了確定按鈕</quote>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10664
msgid ""
"In a home or small office environment, the X server and the X clients "
"commonly run on the same computer. It is also possible to run the X server "
"on a less powerful computer and to run the X applications on a more powerful "
"system. In this scenario, the communication between the X client and server "
"takes place over the network."
msgstr ""
"在家庭或小型辦公室環境，通常 X 伺服器跟 X 客戶端都是在同一台電腦上執行。也可"
"以在比較慢的電腦上執行 X 伺服器， 並在比較強、比較貴的系統上執行 X 應用程"
"式。 在這種情景，X 客戶端與伺服器之間的溝通就需透過網路來進行。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:10674
msgid "window manager"
msgstr "視窗管理程式 (Window Manager)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10677
msgid ""
"X does not dictate what windows should look like on-screen, how to move them "
"around with the mouse, which keystrokes should be used to move between "
"windows, what the title bars on each window should look like, whether or not "
"they have close buttons on them, and so on. Instead, X delegates this "
"responsibility to a separate window manager application. There are <link "
"xlink:href=\"http://www.xwinman.org/\">dozens of window managers</link> "
"available. Each window manager provides a different look and feel: some "
"support virtual desktops, some allow customized keystrokes to manage the "
"desktop, some have a <quote>Start</quote> button, and some are themeable, "
"allowing a complete change of the desktop's look-and-feel. Window managers "
"are available in the <filename>x11-wm</filename> category of the Ports "
"Collection."
msgstr ""
"X 並不規定螢幕上的視窗該長什麼樣、要如何移動滑鼠指標、 要用什麼鍵來在視窗切"
"換、每個視窗的標題列長相，及是否該有關閉按鈕，等等。事實上，X 把這部分交給所"
"謂的視窗管理程式來管理。可用的<link xlink:href=\"http://www.xwinman.org/\">視"
"窗管理程式有很多種</link>，每一種視窗管理程式都提供不同的使用介面風格：有些支"
"援虛擬桌面，有些允許自訂組合鍵來管理桌面，有些有 <quote>開始</quote> 鈕，有些"
"則是可更換佈景主題，可自行安裝新的佈景主題以更換外觀。 視窗管理程式可在 Port "
"套件集的 <filename>x11-wm</filename> 分類找到。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10693
msgid ""
"Each window manager uses a different configuration mechanism. Some expect "
"configuration file written by hand while others provide graphical tools for "
"most configuration tasks."
msgstr ""
"每個視窗管理程式也各有其不同的設定機制，有些需要手動修改設定檔， 而有的則可透"
"過圖型化工具來完成大部分的設定工作。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:10701
msgid "desktop environment"
msgstr "桌面環境 (Desktop Environment)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10704
msgid ""
"<application>KDE</application> and <application>GNOME</application> are "
"considered to be desktop environments as they include an entire suite of "
"applications for performing common desktop tasks. These may include office "
"suites, web browsers, and games."
msgstr ""
"<application>KDE</application> 與 <application>GNOME</application> 會被稱作桌"
"面環境是因為包含了完整常用桌面作業的應用程式，這些應用程式可能包含文書軟體、"
"網頁瀏覽器及遊戲。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:10713
msgid "focus policy"
msgstr "聚焦政策 (Focus Policy)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10716
msgid ""
"The window manager is responsible for the mouse focus policy. This policy "
"provides some means for choosing which window is actively receiving "
"keystrokes and it should also visibly indicate which window is currently "
"active."
msgstr ""
"視窗管理程式負責滑鼠指標的聚焦政策。 聚焦政策指的是如何決定使用中及接收鍵盤輸"
"入的視窗。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10722
msgid ""
"One focus policy is called <quote>click-to-focus</quote>. In this model, a "
"window becomes active upon receiving a mouse click. In the <quote>focus-"
"follows-mouse</quote> policy, the window that is under the mouse pointer has "
"focus and the focus is changed by pointing at another window. If the mouse "
"is over the root window, then this window is focused. In the <quote>sloppy-"
"focus</quote> model, if the mouse is moved over the root window, the most "
"recently used window still has the focus. With sloppy-focus, focus is only "
"changed when the cursor enters a new window, and not when exiting the "
"current window. In the <quote>click-to-focus</quote> policy, the active "
"window is selected by mouse click. The window may then be raised and appear "
"in front of all other windows. All keystrokes will now be directed to this "
"window, even if the cursor is moved to another window."
msgstr ""
"通常較為人熟悉的聚焦政策叫做 <quote>click-to-focus</quote>，這個模式中，滑鼠"
"點選到的視窗便會處於作用中 (Active) 的狀態。在 <quote>focus-follows-mouse</"
"quote> 模式滑鼠指標所在的視窗便是作用中的視窗，只要把滑鼠移到其他視窗就可以改"
"變作用中的視窗，若滑鼠移到根視窗 (Root Window)，則會聚焦在根視窗。在 "
"<quote>sloppy-focus</quote> 模式，既使滑鼠移到根視窗，仍然會聚焦在最後聚焦的"
"視窗上，此模式只有當滑鼠進入新的視窗時才會聚焦於該視窗，而非離開目前視窗時。"
"<quote>click-to-focus</quote> 模式用滑鼠點擊來決定作用中的視窗，且該視窗會被"
"置頂到所有其他視窗之前，即使滑鼠移到其他視窗，所有的鍵盤輸入仍會由該視窗所接"
"收。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10740
msgid ""
"Different window managers support different focus models. All of them "
"support click-to-focus, and the majority of them also support other "
"policies. Consult the documentation for the window manager to determine "
"which focus models are available."
msgstr ""
"不同的視窗管理程式支援不同的聚焦模式，全部都支援 click-to-focus 且其中大部份"
"支援其他模式，請查看視窗管理程式的說明文件來了解可用的聚焦模式。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:10749
msgid "widgets"
msgstr "視窗元件 (Widget)"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10752
msgid ""
"Widget is a term for all of the items in the user interface that can be "
"clicked or manipulated in some way. This includes buttons, check boxes, "
"radio buttons, icons, and lists. A widget toolkit is a set of widgets used "
"to create graphical applications. There are several popular widget toolkits, "
"including Qt, used by <application>KDE</application>, and GTK+, used by "
"<application>GNOME</application>. As a result, applications will have a "
"different look and feel, depending upon which widget toolkit was used to "
"create the application."
msgstr ""
"視窗元件指的是在所有在使用者介面上可被點選或操作的項目，這包括按鈕、核選方"
"塊、單選按鈕、圖示及清單。 視窗元件工具包 (Widget toolkit) 是指用來建立圖型化"
"應用程式的一系列的視窗元件。目前有數個有名的視窗元件工具包，包含 "
"<application>KDE</application> 所使用的 Qt、<application>GNOME</application> "
"所使用的 GTK+。 因此應用程式會依其開發時所選用的視窗元件工具包而有不同的外"
"觀。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:10769
msgid "Installing <application>Xorg</application>"
msgstr "安裝 <application>Xorg</application>"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:10771
msgid ""
"On FreeBSD, <application>Xorg</application> can be installed as a package or "
"port."
msgstr "在 FreeBSD，<application>Xorg</application> 可透過套件或 Port 來安裝。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:10774
msgid ""
"The binary package can be installed quickly but with fewer options for "
"customization:"
msgstr "使用 Binary 套件的安裝速度較快，但可用的自訂選項較少："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10777
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install xorg</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:10779
msgid "To build and install from the Ports Collection:"
msgstr "要從 Port 套件集編譯與安裝："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10781
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:10784
msgid ""
"Either of these installations results in the complete <application>Xorg</"
"application> system being installed. Binary packages are the best option for "
"most users."
msgstr ""
"兩種安裝方式皆可完整安裝 <application>Xorg</application> 系統，對大多數使用者"
"較建議使用 Binary 套件安裝。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:10788
msgid ""
"A smaller version of the X system suitable for experienced users is "
"available in <package>x11/xorg-minimal</package>. Most of the documents, "
"libraries, and applications will not be installed. Some applications require "
"these additional components to function."
msgstr ""
"較精簡版本的 X 系統適合給有經驗的使用者使用，可至 <package>x11/xorg-minimal</"
"package> 取得。這個版本就不會安裝大多數的文件、函數庫以及應用程式，而部份應用"
"程式會需要這些額外的元件才能運作。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:10796
msgid "<application>Xorg</application> Configuration"
msgstr "<application>Xorg</application> 設定"

#. (itstool) path: info/author
#: book.translate.xml:10799
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Warren</firstname> <surname>Block</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Originally contributed by</contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:10808
msgid "<primary>Xorg</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:10809
msgid "<primary><application>Xorg</application></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:10812 book.translate.xml:16736 book.translate.xml:45397
#: book.translate.xml:61363
msgid "Quick Start"
msgstr "快速開始"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10814
msgid ""
"<application>Xorg</application> supports most common video cards, keyboards, "
"and pointing devices."
msgstr ""
"<application>Xorg</application> 支援大多數常見的顯示卡、鍵盤以及指標裝置。"

#. (itstool) path: tip/para
#: book.translate.xml:10818
msgid ""
"Video cards, monitors, and input devices are automatically detected and do "
"not require any manual configuration. Do not create <filename>xorg.conf</"
"filename> or run a <option>-configure</option> step unless automatic "
"configuration fails."
msgstr ""
"顯示卡、顯示器以及輸入裝置會自動偵測，無須任何手動設置。除非自動設置失敗，否"
"則請勿建立 <filename>xorg.conf</filename> 或執行 <option>-configure</option> "
"步驟。"

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:10827
msgid ""
"If <application>Xorg</application> has been used on this computer before, "
"move or remove any existing configuration files:"
msgstr ""
"若 <application>Xorg</application> 曾經在電腦使用過，可先將現有的設定檔重新命"
"名或移除："

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10831
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf ~/xorg.conf.etc</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mv /usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf ~/xorg.conf.localetc</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:10836
msgid ""
"Add the user who will run <application>Xorg</application> to the "
"<literal>video</literal> or <literal>wheel</literal> group to enable 3D "
"acceleration when available. To add user <replaceable>jru</replaceable> to "
"whichever group is available:"
msgstr ""
"加入要執行 <application>Xorg</application> 的使用者到 <literal>video</"
"literal> 或 <literal>wheel</literal> 群組，以便在可用時能開啟 3D 加速。要加入"
"使用者 <replaceable>jru</replaceable> 到任一個可用的群組："

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10844
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pw groupmod video -m <replaceable>jru</replaceable> || pw groupmod wheel -m <replaceable>jru</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:10848
msgid ""
"The <acronym>TWM</acronym> window manager is included by default. It is "
"started when <application>Xorg</application> starts:"
msgstr ""
"預設內含 <acronym>TWM</acronym> 視窗管理程式，啟動 <application>Xorg</"
"application> 時便會啟動該視窗管理程式："

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10852
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>startx</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:10856
msgid ""
"On some older versions of FreeBSD, the system console must be set to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> before switching back to the text console will work properly. "
"See <xref linkend=\"x-config-kms\"/>."
msgstr ""
"在部份較舊版的 FreeBSD，在切換回文字 Console 前系統 Console 必須設為 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 才可正常運作，請參考 <xref linkend=\"x-config-kms\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:10865
msgid "User Group for Accelerated Video"
msgstr "可加速影像處理的使用者群組"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10867
msgid ""
"Access to <filename>/dev/dri</filename> is needed to allow 3D acceleration "
"on video cards. It is usually simplest to add the user who will be running X "
"to either the <literal>video</literal> or <literal>wheel</literal> group. "
"Here, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> is used to add user <replaceable>slurms</"
"replaceable> to the <literal>video</literal> group, or to the "
"<literal>wheel</literal> group if there is no <literal>video</literal> group:"
msgstr ""
"要存取 <filename>/dev/dri</filename> 需要允許顯示卡的 3D 加速功能，這通常只需"
"要將要執行 X 的使用者加入 <literal>video</literal> 或 <literal>wheel</"
"literal> 群組。此處使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來將使用者 "
"<replaceable>slurms</replaceable> 加入 <literal>video</literal> 群組，若沒有 "
"<literal>video</literal> 則會加入 <literal>wheel</literal> 群組："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:10877
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pw groupmod video -m <replaceable>slurms</replaceable> || pw groupmod wheel -m <replaceable>slurms</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:10881
msgid "Kernel Mode Setting (<acronym>KMS</acronym>)"
msgstr "核心模式設定 (Kernel Mode Setting, <acronym>KMS</acronym>)"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10883
msgid ""
"When the computer switches from displaying the console to a higher screen "
"resolution for X, it must set the video output <emphasis>mode</emphasis>. "
"Recent versions of <acronym>Xorg</acronym> use a system inside the kernel to "
"do these mode changes more efficiently. Older versions of FreeBSD use "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, which is not aware of the <acronym>KMS</acronym> system. The "
"end result is that after closing X, the system console is blank, even though "
"it is still working. The newer <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vt</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> console avoids this "
"problem."
msgstr ""
"當電腦顯示從 Console 切換到高螢幕解析度供 X 使用時，必須設定影像輸出"
"<emphasis>模式</emphasis>。最近版本的 <acronym>Xorg</acronym> 使用了核心內部"
"的系統來讓切換模式更有效率。較舊版的 FreeBSD 使用的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 並不知到 <acronym>KMS</acronym> 系統的存在，這會導致關閉 X 之後"
"即始仍在運作但系統 Console 卻呈現空白。較新版的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> Console 可避免這個問題。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10894
msgid ""
"Add this line to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> to enable "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>:"
msgstr ""
"加入此行到 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> 來開啟 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:10897
#, no-wrap
msgid "kern.vty=vt"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:10901 book.translate.xml:20868 book.translate.xml:31414
msgid "Configuration Files"
msgstr "設定檔"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10903
msgid ""
"Manual configuration is usually not necessary. Please do not manually create "
"configuration files unless autoconfiguration does not work."
msgstr "通常不需要做手動設置，除非自動設置無法運作，否則請不要手動建立設定檔。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10910
msgid ""
"<application>Xorg</application> looks in several directories for "
"configuration files. <filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/</filename> is the "
"recommended directory for these files on FreeBSD. Using this directory helps "
"keep application files separate from operating system files."
msgstr ""
"<application>Xorg</application> 會查看數個目錄來尋找設定檔，在 FreeBSD 較建議"
"使用 <filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/</filename> 來存放這些設定檔，使用這個目錄"
"可以幫助將應用程式檔案與作業系統檔案分離。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10917
msgid ""
"Storing configuration files in the legacy <filename>/etc/X11/</filename> "
"still works. However, this mixes application files with the base FreeBSD "
"files and is not recommended."
msgstr ""
"儲存設定檔在傳統的 <filename>/etc/X11/</filename> 仍可運作，但並不建議將應用"
"程式檔案與基礎 FreeBSD 檔案混合在一起存放。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:10924
msgid "Single or Multiple Files"
msgstr "單檔或多檔"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10926
msgid ""
"It is easier to use multiple files that each configure a specific setting "
"than the traditional single <filename>xorg.conf</filename>. These files are "
"stored in the <filename>xorg.conf.d/</filename> subdirectory of the main "
"configuration file directory. The full path is typically <filename>/usr/"
"local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/</filename>."
msgstr ""
"使用多檔，每一個檔案只設定一個指定項目會較傳統使用單一 <filename>xorg.conf</"
"filename> 設定來的簡單。這些檔案會存放在主設定檔目錄下的 <filename>xorg.conf."
"d/</filename> 子目錄，完整路徑通常為 <filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf."
"d/</filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10934
msgid "Examples of these files are shown later in this section."
msgstr "於本節稍後會有這些檔案的範例。"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:10937
msgid ""
"The traditional single <filename>xorg.conf</filename> still works, but is "
"neither as clear nor as flexible as multiple files in the <filename>xorg."
"conf.d/</filename> subdirectory."
msgstr ""
"傳統單一 <filename>xorg.conf</filename> 的方式仍可運作，但比起在 "
"<filename>xorg.conf.d/</filename> 子目錄中的多檔設定方式較不明瞭且沒有彈性。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:10945
msgid "Video Cards"
msgstr "顯示卡"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:10947
msgid ""
"Because of changes made in recent versions of FreeBSD, it is now possible to "
"use graphics drivers provided by the Ports framework or as packages. As "
"such, users can use one of the following drivers available from "
"<package>graphics/drm-kmod</package>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:10955
msgid "Intel KMS driver"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:10956
msgid "Radeon KMS driver"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:10957
#, fuzzy
msgid "AMD KMS driver"
msgstr "RAID 磁碟機"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10960
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"2D and 3D acceleration is supported on most Intel KMS driver graphics cards "
"provided by Intel."
msgstr "Radeon 顯示卡支援 2D 及 3D 加速，最新到 HD6000 系列。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10963
#, fuzzy
msgid "Driver name: <literal>i915kms</literal>"
msgstr "驅動程式名稱：<literal>intel</literal>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10965
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"2D and 3D acceleration is supported on most older Radeon KMS driver graphics "
"cards provided by AMD."
msgstr "Radeon 顯示卡支援 2D 及 3D 加速，最新到 HD6000 系列。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10968
#, fuzzy
msgid "Driver name: <literal>radeonkms</literal>"
msgstr "驅動程式名稱：<literal>radeon</literal>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10970
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"2D and 3D acceleration is supported on most newer AMD KMS driver graphics "
"cards provided by AMD."
msgstr "Radeon 顯示卡支援 2D 及 3D 加速，最新到 HD6000 系列。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10973
#, fuzzy
msgid "Driver name: <literal>amdgpu</literal>"
msgstr "驅動程式名稱：<literal>radeon</literal>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10975
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For reference, please see <link xlink:href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units\"/> or <link xlink:href=\"https://en."
"wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units\"/> for a list of "
"supported GPUs."
msgstr ""
"參考文獻請至 <link xlink:href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:10982
msgid "<trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10985
msgid ""
"3D acceleration is supported on most <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</"
"trademark> graphics up to Ivy Bridge (HD Graphics 2500, 4000, and P4000), "
"including Iron Lake (HD Graphics) and Sandy Bridge (HD Graphics 2000)."
msgstr ""
"3D 加速在大多數 <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> 顯示晶片都"
"有支援，最新到 Ivy Bridge (HD Graphics 2500, 4000, 及 P4000) 包含 Iron Lake "
"(HD Graphics) 與 Sandy Bridge (HD Graphics 2000)。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10990
msgid "Driver name: <literal>intel</literal>"
msgstr "驅動程式名稱：<literal>intel</literal>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:10992
msgid ""
"For reference, see <link xlink:href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units\"/>."
msgstr ""
"參考文獻請至 <link xlink:href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:10997
msgid "<trademark class=\"registered\">AMD</trademark> Radeon"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11000
msgid ""
"2D and 3D acceleration is supported on Radeon cards up to and including the "
"HD6000 series."
msgstr "Radeon 顯示卡支援 2D 及 3D 加速，最新到 HD6000 系列。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11003
msgid "Driver name: <literal>radeon</literal>"
msgstr "驅動程式名稱：<literal>radeon</literal>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11005
msgid ""
"For reference, see <link xlink:href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units\"/>."
msgstr ""
"參考文獻請至 <link xlink:href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:11010
msgid "NVIDIA"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11013
msgid ""
"Several NVIDIA drivers are available in the <filename>x11</filename> "
"category of the Ports Collection. Install the driver that matches the video "
"card."
msgstr ""
"有數個 NVIDIA 驅動程式可於 Port 套件集中的 <filename>x11</filename> 分類取"
"得，請安裝其中與顯示卡相符的驅動程式。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11018
msgid ""
"For reference, see <link xlink:href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"List_of_Nvidia_graphics_processing_units\"/>."
msgstr ""
"參考文獻請至 <link xlink:href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"List_of_Nvidia_graphics_processing_units\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:11023
msgid "Hybrid Combination Graphics"
msgstr "混合組合繪圖晶片"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11026
msgid ""
"Some notebook computers add additional graphics processing units to those "
"built into the chipset or processor. <emphasis>Optimus</emphasis> combines "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> and NVIDIA hardware. "
"<emphasis>Switchable Graphics</emphasis> or <emphasis>Hybrid Graphics</"
"emphasis> are a combination of an <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</"
"trademark> or <trademark class=\"registered\">AMD</trademark> processor and "
"an <trademark class=\"registered\">AMD</trademark> Radeon <acronym>GPU</"
"acronym>."
msgstr ""
"部份筆記型電腦加入了額外繪圖處理單元到那些內建晶片組或處理。"
"<emphasis>Optimus</emphasis> 結合了 <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</"
"trademark> 及 NVIDIA 的硬體，<emphasis>Switchable Graphics</emphasis> 或 "
"<emphasis>Hybrid Graphics</emphasis> 則是結合了 <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">Intel</trademark> 或 <trademark class=\"registered\">AMD</trademark> 處理"
"器與 <trademark class=\"registered\">AMD</trademark> Radeon <acronym>GPU</"
"acronym>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11035
msgid ""
"Implementations of these hybrid graphics systems vary, and "
"<application>Xorg</application> on FreeBSD is not able to drive all versions "
"of them."
msgstr ""
"這些混合繪圖系統的實作方式均不同，FreeBSD 的 <application>Xorg</application> "
"尚無法驅動所有的混合繪圖系統版本。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11039
msgid ""
"Some computers provide a <acronym>BIOS</acronym> option to disable one of "
"the graphics adapters or select a <emphasis>discrete</emphasis> mode which "
"can be used with one of the standard video card drivers. For example, it is "
"sometimes possible to disable the NVIDIA <acronym>GPU</acronym> in an "
"Optimus system. The <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> video "
"can then be used with an <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> "
"driver."
msgstr ""
"部份電腦提供了 <acronym>BIOS</acronym> 的選項可以關閉其中一個繪圖介面卡或選"
"擇 <emphasis>discrete</emphasis> 模式，可用使用其中一種標準顯示卡驅動程式來驅"
"動。例如，有時關閉 Optimus 系統中的 NVIDIA <acronym>GPU</acronym> 是可能讓 "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> 顯示晶片可用 <trademark "
"class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> 驅動程式驅動。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11048
msgid ""
"<acronym>BIOS</acronym> settings depend on the model of computer. In some "
"situations, both <acronym>GPU</acronym>s can be left enabled, but creating a "
"configuration file that only uses the main <acronym>GPU</acronym> in the "
"<literal>Device</literal> section is enough to make such a system functional."
msgstr ""
"<acronym>BIOS</acronym> 設定會依電腦的型號有所不同，在某些情況下，可以同時開"
"啟兩個 <acronym>GPU</acronym>，而在建立的設定檔中的 <literal>Device</"
"literal> 節只使用主要的 <acronym>GPU</acronym> 便能讓系統運作。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:11059
msgid "Other Video Cards"
msgstr "其他顯示卡"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11062
msgid ""
"Drivers for some less-common video cards can be found in the <filename>x11-"
"drivers</filename> directory of the Ports Collection."
msgstr ""
"較不常見的顯示卡驅動程式可在 Port 套件集的 <filename>x11-drivers</filename> "
"目錄找到。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11066
msgid ""
"Cards that are not supported by a specific driver might still be usable with "
"the <package>x11-drivers/xf86-video-vesa</package> driver. This driver is "
"installed by <package>x11/xorg</package>. It can also be installed manually "
"as <package>x11-drivers/xf86-video-vesa</package>. <application>Xorg</"
"application> attempts to use this driver when a specific driver is not found "
"for the video card."
msgstr ""
"若沒有特定的驅動程式可以支援顯示卡，仍可能可用 <package>x11-drivers/xf86-"
"video-vesa</package> 驅動程式來驅動。該驅動程式可使用 <package>x11/xorg</"
"package> 安裝，也可使用 <package>x11-drivers/xf86-video-vesa</package> 手動安"
"裝。當沒有指定驅動程式時 <application>Xorg</application> 會嘗試使用這個驅動程"
"式來驅動顯示卡。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11076
msgid ""
"<package>x11-drivers/xf86-video-scfb</package> is a similar nonspecialized "
"video driver that works on many <acronym>UEFI</acronym> and <trademark class="
"\"registered\">ARM</trademark> computers."
msgstr ""
"<package>x11-drivers/xf86-video-scfb</package> 也是不特定顯示卡的驅動程式，可"
"在許多 <acronym>UEFI</acronym> 及 <trademark class=\"registered\">ARM</"
"trademark> 的電腦上運作。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:11083
msgid "Setting the Video Driver in a File"
msgstr "在檔案中設定影像驅動程式"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11086
msgid ""
"To set the <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> driver in a "
"configuration file:"
msgstr ""
"要在設定檔設定使用 <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> 驅動程"
"式："

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:11090
msgid ""
"Select <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> Video Driver in a "
"File"
msgstr ""
"在單檔中選擇 <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> 影像驅動程式"

#. (itstool) path: example/para
#: book.translate.xml:11092
msgid "<filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-intel.conf</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: example/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11094
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section \"Device\"\n"
"\tIdentifier \"Card0\"\n"
"\tDriver     \"intel\"\n"
"\t# BusID    \"PCI:1:0:0\"\n"
"EndSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: example/para
#: book.translate.xml:11100
msgid ""
"If more than one video card is present, the <literal>BusID</literal> "
"identifier can be uncommented and set to select the desired card. A list of "
"video card bus <acronym>ID</acronym>s can be displayed with <command>pciconf "
"-lv | grep -B3 display</command>."
msgstr ""
"若有多張顯示卡，可取消註解 <literal>BusID</literal> identifier 然後設定為想要"
"的顯示卡，顯示卡的 Bus <acronym>ID</acronym> 清單可以使用 <command>pciconf -"
"lv | grep -B3 display</command> 取得。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11108
msgid "To set the Radeon driver in a configuration file:"
msgstr "要在設定檔設定使用 Radeon 驅動程式："

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:11112
msgid "Select Radeon Video Driver in a File"
msgstr "在單檔中選擇 Radeon 影像驅動程式"

#. (itstool) path: example/para
#: book.translate.xml:11114
msgid "<filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-radeon.conf</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: example/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11116
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section \"Device\"\n"
"\tIdentifier \"Card0\"\n"
"\tDriver     \"radeon\"\n"
"EndSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11122
msgid "To set the <acronym>VESA</acronym> driver in a configuration file:"
msgstr "要在設定檔設定使用 <acronym>VESA</acronym> 驅動程式："

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:11126
msgid "Select <acronym>VESA</acronym> Video Driver in a File"
msgstr "在單檔中選擇 <acronym>VESA</acronym> 影像驅動程式"

#. (itstool) path: example/para
#: book.translate.xml:11129
msgid "<filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-vesa.conf</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: example/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11131
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section \"Device\"\n"
"\tIdentifier \"Card0\"\n"
"\tDriver     \"vesa\"\n"
"EndSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11137
msgid ""
"To set the <literal>scfb</literal> driver for use with a <acronym>UEFI</"
"acronym> or <trademark class=\"registered\">ARM</trademark> computer:"
msgstr ""
"要設定 <acronym>UEFI</acronym> 或 <trademark class=\"registered\">ARM</"
"trademark> 電腦使用 <literal>scfb</literal> 驅動程式："

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:11141
msgid "Select <literal>scfb</literal> Video Driver in a File"
msgstr "在單檔中選擇 <literal>scfb</literal> 影像驅動程式"

#. (itstool) path: example/para
#: book.translate.xml:11144
msgid "<filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-scfb.conf</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: example/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11146
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section \"Device\"\n"
"\tIdentifier \"Card0\"\n"
"\tDriver     \"scfb\"\n"
"EndSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:11157
msgid "Monitors"
msgstr "顯示器"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11159
msgid ""
"Almost all monitors support the Extended Display Identification Data "
"standard (<acronym>EDID</acronym>). <application>Xorg</application> uses "
"<acronym>EDID</acronym> to communicate with the monitor and detect the "
"supported resolutions and refresh rates. Then it selects the most "
"appropriate combination of settings to use with that monitor."
msgstr ""
"幾乎所有顯示器都支援延伸顯示辨識資料標準 (Extended Display Identification "
"Data, <acronym>EDID</acronym>)，<application>Xorg</application> 會使用 "
"<acronym>EDID</acronym> 與顯示器通訊並偵測支援的解析度與更新頻率，然後選擇最"
"適合的設定組合使用該顯示器。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11167
msgid ""
"Other resolutions supported by the monitor can be chosen by setting the "
"desired resolution in configuration files, or after the X server has been "
"started with <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xrandr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"其他顯示器支援的解析度可透過在設定檔中設定想要的解析度來選擇，或者在 X 伺服器"
"啟動之後使用 <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xrandr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:11174
msgid ""
"Using <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xrandr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xrandr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11177
msgid ""
"Run <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xrandr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> without any parameters "
"to see a list of video outputs and detected monitor modes:"
msgstr ""
"執行 <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xrandr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 不加任何參數可檢查影像"
"輸出及已偵測到的顯示器模式清單："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/screen
#: book.translate.xml:11180
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>xrandr</userinput>\n"
"Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 3000 x 1920, maximum 8192 x 8192\n"
"DVI-0 connected primary 1920x1200+1080+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 495mm x 310mm\n"
"   1920x1200     59.95*+\n"
"   1600x1200     60.00\n"
"   1280x1024     85.02    75.02    60.02\n"
"   1280x960      60.00\n"
"   1152x864      75.00\n"
"   1024x768      85.00    75.08    70.07    60.00\n"
"   832x624       74.55\n"
"   800x600       75.00    60.32\n"
"   640x480       75.00    60.00\n"
"   720x400       70.08\n"
"DisplayPort-0 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)\n"
"HDMI-0 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11196
msgid ""
"This shows that the <literal>DVI-0</literal> output is being used to display "
"a screen resolution of 1920x1200 pixels at a refresh rate of about 60 Hz. "
"Monitors are not attached to the <literal>DisplayPort-0</literal> and "
"<literal>HDMI-0</literal> connectors."
msgstr ""
"這個結果顯示 <literal>DVI-0</literal> 輸出被用來顯示解析度為 1920x1200 像素於"
"更新頻率約 60 Hz 的畫面，未有顯示器連接到 <literal>DisplayPort-0</literal> "
"與 <literal>HDMI-0</literal> 接頭。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11203
msgid ""
"Any of the other display modes can be selected with <citerefentry vendor="
"\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xrandr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. For example, to switch to 1280x1024 at 60 Hz:"
msgstr ""
"可使用 <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xrandr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來選擇任何其他的顯示模"
"式。例如要切換為 1280x1024 於 60 Hz："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/screen
#: book.translate.xml:11207
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>xrandr --mode 1280x1024 --rate 60</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11209
msgid ""
"A common task is using the external video output on a notebook computer for "
"a video projector."
msgstr "在筆記型電腦使用外部顯示輸出到投影機是常見的作業。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11212
msgid ""
"The type and quantity of output connectors varies between devices, and the "
"name given to each output varies from driver to driver. What one driver "
"calls <literal>HDMI-1</literal>, another might call <literal>HDMI1</"
"literal>. So the first step is to run <citerefentry vendor="
"\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xrandr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> to list all the available outputs:"
msgstr ""
"不同裝置間輸出接頭的類型與數量也不同，給每個輸出的名稱在不同驅動程式間也不"
"同。在某些驅動程式稱為 <literal>HDMI-1</literal> 的輸出在其他驅動程式則可能稱"
"為 <literal>HDMI1</literal>。因此第一個步驟是執行 <citerefentry vendor="
"\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xrandr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 列出所有可用的輸出："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/screen
#: book.translate.xml:11220
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>xrandr</userinput>\n"
"Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1366 x 768, maximum 8192 x 8192\n"
"LVDS1 connected 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 344mm x 193mm\n"
"   1366x768      60.04*+\n"
"   1024x768      60.00\n"
"   800x600       60.32    56.25\n"
"   640x480       59.94\n"
"VGA1 connected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)\n"
"   1280x1024     60.02 +  75.02\n"
"   1280x960      60.00\n"
"   1152x864      75.00\n"
"   1024x768      75.08    70.07    60.00\n"
"   832x624       74.55\n"
"   800x600       72.19    75.00    60.32    56.25\n"
"   640x480       75.00    72.81    66.67    60.00\n"
"   720x400       70.08\n"
"HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)\n"
"DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11239
msgid ""
"Four outputs were found: the built-in panel <literal>LVDS1</literal>, and "
"external <literal>VGA1</literal>, <literal>HDMI1</literal>, and "
"<literal>DP1</literal> connectors."
msgstr ""
"已找到四個輸出：內建面板的 <literal>LVDS1</literal>，外接的 <literal>VGA1</"
"literal>, <literal>HDMI1</literal> 以及 <literal>DP1</literal> 接頭。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11244
msgid ""
"The projector has been connected to the <literal>VGA1</literal> output. "
"<citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xrandr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is now used to set "
"that output to the native resolution of the projector and add the additional "
"space to the right side of the desktop:"
msgstr ""
"投影機已連接至 <literal>VGA1</literal> 輸出，現在使用 <citerefentry vendor="
"\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xrandr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 來設定該輸出到投影機 (原始解析度) 並加入額外的空間到桌面的右"
"側："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/screen
#: book.translate.xml:11250
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --right-of LVDS1</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11252
msgid ""
"<literal>--auto</literal> chooses the resolution and refresh rate detected "
"by <acronym>EDID</acronym>. If the resolution is not correctly detected, a "
"fixed value can be given with <literal>--mode</literal> instead of the "
"<literal>--auto</literal> statement. For example, most projectors can be "
"used with a 1024x768 resolution, which is set with <literal>--mode 1024x768</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>--auto</literal> 會選擇使用 <acronym>EDID</acronym> 偵測到的解析度與"
"更新頻率。若未正確偵測解析度，可替換 <literal>--auto</literal> 為 <literal>--"
"mode</literal> 然後給予固定值。例如大部份的投影機可使用 1024x768 解析度為，則"
"可設定 <literal>--mode 1024x768</literal>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11261
msgid ""
"<citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xrandr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is often run from "
"<filename>.xinitrc</filename> to set the appropriate mode when X starts."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xrandr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 通常會在 <filename>."
"xinitrc</filename> 執行以在 X 啟動時設定適合的模式。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:11268
msgid "Setting Monitor Resolution in a File"
msgstr "在檔案中設定螢幕解析度"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11271
msgid "To set a screen resolution of 1024x768 in a configuration file:"
msgstr "在設定檔設定螢幕解析度為 1024x768："

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:11275
msgid "Set Screen Resolution in a File"
msgstr "在單檔中設定螢幕解析度"

#. (itstool) path: example/para
#: book.translate.xml:11277
msgid ""
"<filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/screen-resolution.conf</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: example/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11279
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section \"Screen\"\n"
"\tIdentifier \"Screen0\"\n"
"\tDevice     \"Card0\"\n"
"\tSubSection \"Display\"\n"
"\tModes      \"1024x768\"\n"
"\tEndSubSection\n"
"EndSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11288
msgid ""
"The few monitors that do not have <acronym>EDID</acronym> can be configured "
"by setting <literal>HorizSync</literal> and <literal>VertRefresh</literal> "
"to the range of frequencies supported by the monitor."
msgstr ""
"少數顯示器沒有 <acronym>EDID</acronym>，可設定 <literal>HorizSync</literal> "
"及 <literal>VertRefresh</literal> 為顯示器支援的頻率範圍。"

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:11295
msgid "Manually Setting Monitor Frequencies"
msgstr "手動設定顯示器頻率"

#. (itstool) path: example/para
#: book.translate.xml:11297
msgid "<filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/monitor0-freq.conf</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: example/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11299
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section \"Monitor\"\n"
"\tIdentifier   \"Monitor0\"\n"
"\tHorizSync    30-83   # kHz\n"
"\tVertRefresh  50-76   # Hz\n"
"EndSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:11311
msgid "Input Devices"
msgstr "輸入裝置"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:11314
msgid "Keyboards"
msgstr "鍵盤"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:11318
msgid "Keyboard Layout"
msgstr "鍵盤配置"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11321
msgid ""
"The standardized location of keys on a keyboard is called a "
"<emphasis>layout</emphasis>. Layouts and other adjustable parameters are "
"listed in <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xkeyboard-config</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"鍵盤上標準按鍵的位置稱做 <emphasis>配置 (Layout)</emphasis>。配置與其他可調整"
"的參數列於 <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xkeyboard-config</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11326
msgid ""
"A United States layout is the default. To select an alternate layout, set "
"the <literal>XkbLayout</literal> and <literal>XkbVariant</literal> options "
"in an <literal>InputClass</literal>. This will be applied to all input "
"devices that match the class."
msgstr ""
"預設為 United States 配置，要選擇其他的配置可在 <literal>InputClass</"
"literal> 設定 <literal>XkbLayout</literal> 與 <literal>XkbVariant</literal> "
"選項。這會套用所有符合該類別的輸入裝置。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11333
msgid ""
"This example selects a French keyboard layout with the <literal>oss</"
"literal> variant."
msgstr "這個例子選擇 French 鍵盤配置使用 <literal>oss</literal> 變體。"

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:11337
msgid "Setting a Keyboard Layout"
msgstr "設定鍵盤配置"

#. (itstool) path: example/para
#: book.translate.xml:11339
msgid ""
"<filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/keyboard-fr-oss.conf</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: example/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11341
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section\t\"InputClass\"\n"
"\tIdentifier\t\"KeyboardDefaults\"\n"
"\tDriver\t\t\"keyboard\"\n"
"\tMatchIsKeyboard\t\"on\"\n"
"\tOption\t\t\"XkbLayout\" \"fr\"\n"
"\tOption\t\t\"XkbVariant\" \"oss\"\n"
"EndSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:11351
msgid "Setting Multiple Keyboard Layouts"
msgstr "設定多個鍵盤配置"

#. (itstool) path: example/para
#: book.translate.xml:11353
msgid ""
"Set United States, Spanish, and Ukrainian keyboard layouts. Cycle through "
"these layouts by pressing <keycombo action=\"simul\"> <keycap>Alt</keycap> "
"<keycap>Shift</keycap> </keycombo>. <package>x11/xxkb</package> or "
"<package>x11/sbxkb</package> can be used for improved layout switching "
"control and current layout indicators."
msgstr ""
"設定 United States, Spanish 與 Ukrainian 鍵盤配置，並可按 <keycombo action="
"\"simul\"> <keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap>Shift</keycap> </keycombo> 來切換這些"
"配置。可使用 <package>x11/xxkb</package> 或 <package>x11/sbxkb</package> 來加"
"強配置切換控制與目前配置的指示。"

#. (itstool) path: example/para
#: book.translate.xml:11364
msgid ""
"<filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/kbd-layout-multi.conf</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: example/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11366
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section\t\"InputClass\"\n"
"\tIdentifier\t\"All Keyboards\"\n"
"\tMatchIsKeyboard\t\"yes\"\n"
"\tOption\t\t\"XkbLayout\" \"us, es, ua\"\n"
"EndSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:11376
msgid "Closing <application>Xorg</application> From the Keyboard"
msgstr "從鍵盤關閉 <application>Xorg</application>"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11380
msgid ""
"X can be closed with a combination of keys. By default, that key combination "
"is not set because it conflicts with keyboard commands for some "
"applications. Enabling this option requires changes to the keyboard "
"<literal>InputDevice</literal> section:"
msgstr ""
"X 可以使用組合鍵來關閉，預設並未設定組合鍵，因為該組合鍵與部份應用程式的鍵盤"
"指令衝突。要開啟這個選項需要更改鍵盤 <literal>InputDevice</literal> 節："

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:11388
msgid "Enabling Keyboard Exit from X"
msgstr "開啟鍵盤離開 X 功能"

#. (itstool) path: example/para
#: book.translate.xml:11390
msgid "<filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/keyboard-zap.conf</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: example/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11392
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section\t\"InputClass\"\n"
"\tIdentifier\t\"KeyboardDefaults\"\n"
"\tDriver\t\t\"keyboard\"\n"
"\tMatchIsKeyboard\t\"on\"\n"
"\tOption\t\t\"XkbOptions\" \"terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp\"\n"
"EndSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:11405
msgid "Mice and Pointing Devices"
msgstr "滑鼠與指標裝置"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:11407
msgid ""
"Many mouse parameters can be adjusted with configuration options. See "
"<citerefentry vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>mousedrv</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for a full list."
msgstr ""
"有許多滑鼠參數可使用設定選項來調整，請參考 <citerefentry vendor=\"xorg"
"\"><refentrytitle>mousedrv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 來取得完整清單。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:11412
msgid "Mouse Buttons"
msgstr "滑鼠按鍵"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:11415
msgid ""
"The number of buttons on a mouse can be set in the mouse "
"<literal>InputDevice</literal> section of <filename>xorg.conf</filename>. To "
"set the number of buttons to 7:"
msgstr ""
"滑鼠的按鍵數可在 <filename>xorg.conf</filename> 的滑鼠 <literal>InputDevice</"
"literal> 節設定，例如要設定按鍵數為 7："

#. (itstool) path: example/title
#: book.translate.xml:11421
msgid "Setting the Number of Mouse Buttons"
msgstr "設定滑鼠按鍵數"

#. (itstool) path: example/para
#: book.translate.xml:11423
msgid "<filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/mouse0-buttons.conf</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: example/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11425
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section \"InputDevice\"\n"
"\tIdentifier  \"Mouse0\"\n"
"\tOption      \"Buttons\" \"7\"\n"
"EndSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11439
msgid ""
"In some cases, <application>Xorg</application> autoconfiguration does not "
"work with particular hardware, or a different configuration is desired. For "
"these cases, a custom configuration file can be created."
msgstr ""
"在某些情況 <application>Xorg</application> 的自動設定無法在特定硬體上運作，或"
"需要使用不同的設定。針對這些情況會建立自訂的設定檔。"

#. (itstool) path: warning/para
#: book.translate.xml:11445
msgid ""
"Do not create manual configuration files unless required. Unnecessary manual "
"configuration can prevent proper operation."
msgstr "非必要請勿手動建立設定檔，非必要的手動設置會造成運作不正常。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11450
msgid ""
"A configuration file can be generated by <application>Xorg</application> "
"based on the detected hardware. This file is often a useful starting point "
"for custom configurations."
msgstr ""
"設定檔可由 <application>Xorg</application> 根據偵測到的硬體產生，這個檔案對一"
"開始自訂設定很有幫助。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11455
msgid "Generating an <filename>xorg.conf</filename>:"
msgstr "產生 <filename>xorg.conf</filename>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:11457
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>Xorg -configure</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11459
msgid ""
"The configuration file is saved to <filename>/root/xorg.conf.new</filename>. "
"Make any changes desired, then test that file with:"
msgstr ""
"設定檔會儲存至 <filename>/root/xorg.conf.new</filename>，做任何需要的更改，然"
"後使用以下指令測試該檔案："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:11463
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>Xorg -config /root/xorg.conf.new</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11465
msgid ""
"After the new configuration has been adjusted and tested, it can be split "
"into smaller files in the normal location, <filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg."
"conf.d/</filename>."
msgstr ""
"在新設定檔調整與測試過後，便可分開成較小的檔案放置到正常的位置 <filename>/"
"usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/</filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:11483
msgid "Using Fonts in <application>Xorg</application>"
msgstr "在 <application>Xorg</application> 使用字型"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:11486
msgid "Type1 Fonts"
msgstr "Type1 字型"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11488
msgid ""
"The default fonts that ship with <application>Xorg</application> are less "
"than ideal for typical desktop publishing applications. Large presentation "
"fonts show up jagged and unprofessional looking, and small fonts are almost "
"completely unintelligible. However, there are several free, high quality "
"Type1 (<trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark>) fonts "
"available which can be readily used with <application>Xorg</application>. "
"For instance, the URW font collection (<package>x11-fonts/urwfonts</"
"package>) includes high quality versions of standard type1 fonts (<trademark "
"class=\"registered\">Times Roman</trademark>, <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">Helvetica</trademark>, <trademark class=\"registered\">Palatino</"
"trademark> and others). The Freefonts collection (<package>x11-fonts/"
"freefonts</package>) includes many more fonts, but most of them are intended "
"for use in graphics software such as the <application>Gimp</application>, "
"and are not complete enough to serve as screen fonts. In addition, "
"<application>Xorg</application> can be configured to use <trademark class="
"\"registered\">TrueType</trademark> fonts with a minimum of effort. For more "
"details on this, see the <citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>X</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page or <xref "
"linkend=\"truetype\"/>."
msgstr ""
"由於 <application>Xorg</application> 內建的預設字型用在典型的桌面出版應用程式"
"並不是很理想，大字型會呈現鋸齒狀邊緣，看起來很不專業，小字型幾乎完全看不清"
"楚。不過，這裡有幾個免費高品質的 Type1 (<trademark class=\"registered"
"\">PostScript</trademark>) 字型可用，且能容易的在 <application>Xorg</"
"application> 使用。例如，URW 字型集 (<trademark class=\"registered\">Times "
"Roman</trademark>, <trademark class=\"registered\">Helvetica</trademark>, "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">Palatino</trademark> 及其他)。 Freefont 字型"
"集 (<package>x11-fonts/freefonts</package>) 包含了更多的字型，但其中大部分是"
"給圖形軟體如 GIMP 所使用的字型，並不能完全作為螢幕字型使用。此外，"
"<application>Xorg</application> 可以簡單的設定使用 <trademark class="
"\"registered\">TrueType</trademark> 字型。更多有關本主題的詳細資訊，請參考 "
"<citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>X</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> 操作手冊或 <xref "
"linkend=\"truetype\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11507
msgid ""
"To install the above Type1 font collections from binary packages, run the "
"following commands:"
msgstr "要由 Binary 套件安裝上述的 Type1 字型集可執行以下指令："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:11510
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install urwfonts</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11512
msgid ""
"Alternatively, to build from the Ports Collection, run the following "
"commands:"
msgstr "或由 Port 套件集編譯，可執行以下指令："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:11515
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/urwfonts</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11518
msgid ""
"And likewise with the freefont or other collections. To have the X server "
"detect these fonts, add an appropriate line to the X server configuration "
"file (<filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>), which reads:"
msgstr ""
"同樣的安裝方式也適用 Freefont 或其他字型集。要讓 X 伺服器偵測到這些新安裝的字"
"型，可加入適當的設定到 X 伺服器設定檔 (<filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</"
"filename>)，內容為："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11523
#, no-wrap
msgid "FontPath \"/usr/local/share/fonts/urwfonts/\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11525
msgid "Alternatively, at the command line in the X session run:"
msgstr "或者在 X session 的指令列執行："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:11528
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>xset fp+ /usr/local/share/fonts/urwfonts</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>xset fp rehash</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11531
msgid ""
"This will work but will be lost when the X session is closed, unless it is "
"added to the startup file (<filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> for a normal "
"<command>startx</command> session, or <filename>~/.xsession</filename> when "
"logging in through a graphical login manager like <application>XDM</"
"application>). A third way is to use the new <filename>/usr/local/etc/fonts/"
"local.conf</filename> as demonstrated in <xref linkend=\"antialias\"/>."
msgstr ""
"這樣便可，但在 X session 關閉時將會失效，除非將該設定加入啟動檔 (一般的 "
"<command>startx</command> session 可在 <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> 設定，"
"若透過圖型化登入管理程式如 <application>XDM</application> 登入時則在 "
"<filename>~/.xsession</filename> 設定)。第三種方式是使用新 <filename>/usr/"
"local/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename>，如 <xref linkend=\"antialias\"/> 的示"
"範。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:11543
msgid "<trademark class=\"registered\">TrueType</trademark> Fonts"
msgstr "<trademark class=\"registered\">TrueType</trademark> 字型"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:11545
msgid "<primary>TrueType Fonts</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:11548
msgid "<primary>fonts</primary> <secondary>TrueType</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11553
msgid ""
"<application>Xorg</application> has built in support for rendering "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">TrueType</trademark> fonts. There are two "
"different modules that can enable this functionality. The freetype module is "
"used in this example because it is more consistent with the other font "
"rendering back-ends. To enable the freetype module just add the following "
"line to the <literal>\"Module\"</literal> section of <filename>/etc/X11/xorg."
"conf</filename>."
msgstr ""
"<application>Xorg</application> 內建支援繪製 <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">TrueType</trademark> 字型，目前有兩個模組可以支援這項功能。在本例中使用 "
"freetype 模組，由於此模組與其他字型繪製後端較為一致。要開啟 freetype 模組只需"
"要將下行加入到 <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> 中的 <literal>\"Module"
"\"</literal> section。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11561
#, no-wrap
msgid "Load  \"freetype\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11563
msgid ""
"Now make a directory for the <trademark class=\"registered\">TrueType</"
"trademark> fonts (for example, <filename>/usr/local/share/fonts/TrueType</"
"filename>) and copy all of the <trademark class=\"registered\">TrueType</"
"trademark> fonts into this directory. Keep in mind that <trademark class="
"\"registered\">TrueType</trademark> fonts cannot be directly taken from an "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">Apple</trademark> <trademark class="
"\"registered\">Mac</trademark>; they must be in <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">UNIX</trademark>/<trademark class=\"registered\">MS-DOS</trademark>/"
"<trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> format for use by "
"<application>Xorg</application>. Once the files have been copied into this "
"directory, use <application>mkfontdir</application> to create a "
"<filename>fonts.dir</filename>, so that the X font renderer knows that these "
"new files have been installed. <command>mkfontdir</command> can be installed "
"as a package:"
msgstr ""
"現在要建立一個儲存 <trademark class=\"registered\">TrueType</trademark> 字型"
"的目錄 (例如，<filename>/usr/local/share/fonts/TrueType</filename>) 然後複製"
"所有 <trademark class=\"registered\">TrueType</trademark> 字型到這個目錄。要"
"注意 <trademark class=\"registered\">TrueType</trademark> 字型並無法直接取自 "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">Apple</trademark> <trademark class="
"\"registered\">Mac</trademark>，<application>Xorg</application> 使用的字型必"
"須為 <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>/<trademark class="
"\"registered\">MS-DOS</trademark>/<trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</"
"trademark> 的格式。檔案複製到讓目錄之後，使用 <application>mkfontdir</"
"application> 來建立 <filename>fonts.dir</filename> 來讓 X 字型繪製程式知道安"
"裝了新的檔案。<command>mkfontdir</command> 可用套件的方式安裝："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:11577
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install mkfontdir</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11579
msgid "Then create an index of X font files in a directory:"
msgstr "然後在目錄中建立 X 字型檔的索引："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:11582
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/local/share/fonts/TrueType</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mkfontdir</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11585
msgid ""
"Now add the <trademark class=\"registered\">TrueType</trademark> directory "
"to the font path. This is just the same as described in <xref linkend="
"\"type1\"/>:"
msgstr ""
"接著加入 <trademark class=\"registered\">TrueType</trademark> 目錄到字型路"
"徑。這個動作與 <xref linkend=\"type1\"/> 中所介紹的方式相同："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:11588
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>xset fp+ /usr/local/share/fonts/TrueType</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>xset fp rehash</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11591
msgid ""
"or add a <literal>FontPath</literal> line to <filename>xorg.conf</filename>."
msgstr ""
"或直接加入 <literal>FontPath</literal> 一行到 <filename>xorg.conf</"
"filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11594
msgid ""
"Now <application>Gimp</application>, <application>Apache OpenOffice</"
"application>, and all of the other X applications should now recognize the "
"installed <trademark class=\"registered\">TrueType</trademark> fonts. "
"Extremely small fonts (as with text in a high resolution display on a web "
"page) and extremely large fonts (within <application><trademark>StarOffice</"
"trademark></application>) will look much better now."
msgstr ""
"現在 <application>Gimp</application>, <application>Apache OpenOffice</"
"application> 以及其他 X 應用程式應可以辨識到已安裝的 <trademark class="
"\"registered\">TrueType</trademark> 字型。極小的字型 (以高解析度在網頁中顯示"
"的文字) 與極大的字型 (在 <application><trademark>StarOffice</trademark></"
"application> 中) 現在會看起來比較像樣了。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:11615
msgid "Anti-Aliased Fonts"
msgstr "反鋸齒字型"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:11617
msgid "<primary>anti-aliased fonts</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:11620
msgid "<primary>fonts</primary> <secondary>anti-aliased</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11625
msgid ""
"All fonts in <application>Xorg</application> that are found in <filename>/"
"usr/local/share/fonts/</filename> and <filename>~/.fonts/</filename> are "
"automatically made available for anti-aliasing to Xft-aware applications. "
"Most recent applications are Xft-aware, including <application>KDE</"
"application>, <application>GNOME</application>, and <application>Firefox</"
"application>."
msgstr ""
"所有可在 <filename>/usr/local/share/fonts/</filename> 及 <filename>~/.fonts/"
"</filename> 找到的 <application>Xorg</application> 字型均可在  Xft-aware 的應"
"用程式使用反鋸齒的效果。大多最近的應用程式均為 Xft-aware 的，包括 "
"<application>KDE</application>, <application>GNOME</application> 以及 "
"<application>Firefox</application>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11634
msgid ""
"To control which fonts are anti-aliased, or to configure anti-aliasing "
"properties, create (or edit, if it already exists) the file <filename>/usr/"
"local/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename>. Several advanced features of the Xft "
"font system can be tuned using this file; this section describes only some "
"simple possibilities. For more details, please see <citerefentry vendor="
"\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>fonts-conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"要控制那一些字型要做反鋸齒或設定反鋸齒的屬性，需建立 <filename>/usr/local/"
"etc/fonts/local.conf</filename> 檔案 (若檔案存在則編輯)。在這個檔案中可以調"
"整 Xft 字型系統的數項進階功能，本章節僅介紹部份簡單的項目，要取得進一步資訊，"
"請參考 <citerefentry vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>fonts-conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:11643
msgid "<primary>XML</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11645
msgid ""
"This file must be in XML format. Pay careful attention to case, and make "
"sure all tags are properly closed. The file begins with the usual XML header "
"followed by a DOCTYPE definition, and then the <literal>&lt;fontconfig&gt;</"
"literal> tag:"
msgstr ""
"這個檔案必須使用 XML 格式，小心文字大小寫，且要確定所有標籤均有正常結尾。檔案"
"的開頭使用常見的 XML 檔首，接著為 DOCTYPE 定義，然後是 <literal>&lt;"
"fontconfig&gt;</literal> 標籤："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11651
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"&lt;?xml version=\"1.0\"?&gt;\n"
"      &lt;!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM \"fonts.dtd\"&gt;\n"
"      &lt;fontconfig&gt;"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11655
msgid ""
"As previously stated, all fonts in <filename>/usr/local/share/fonts/</"
"filename> as well as <filename>~/.fonts/</filename> are already made "
"available to Xft-aware applications. To add another directory outside of "
"these two directory trees, add a line like this to <filename>/usr/local/etc/"
"fonts/local.conf</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"如同前面所提到的，所有在 <filename>/usr/local/share/fonts/</filename> 與 "
"<filename>~/.fonts/</filename> 的字型均可在 Xft-aware 的應用程式做反鋸齒效"
"果，若您想要加入除了上兩者以外的目錄，可加入如下行設定到 <filename>/usr/"
"local/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11663
#, no-wrap
msgid "&lt;dir&gt;/path/to/my/fonts&lt;/dir&gt;"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11665
msgid ""
"After adding new fonts, and especially new font directories, rebuild the "
"font caches:"
msgstr "加入新字型及額外的新字型目錄之後，需重新建立字型快取："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:11669
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>fc-cache -f</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11671
msgid ""
"Anti-aliasing makes borders slightly fuzzy, which makes very small text more "
"readable and removes <quote>staircases</quote> from large text, but can "
"cause eyestrain if applied to normal text. To exclude font sizes smaller "
"than 14 point from anti-aliasing, include these lines:"
msgstr ""
"反鋸齒效果會讓文字的邊緣變模糊，這會讓非常小的文字更能閱讀且去除大型文字的 "
"<quote>鋸齒</quote>，但套用在一般的文字可能會造成眼睛的疲勞。要排除小於 14 點"
"的字型大小使用反鋸齒效果，可加入這些行："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11678
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"        &lt;match target=\"font\"&gt;\n"
"\t    &lt;test name=\"size\" compare=\"less\"&gt;\n"
"\t\t&lt;double&gt;14&lt;/double&gt;\n"
"\t    &lt;/test&gt;\n"
"\t    &lt;edit name=\"antialias\" mode=\"assign\"&gt;\n"
"\t\t&lt;bool&gt;false&lt;/bool&gt;\n"
"\t    &lt;/edit&gt;\n"
"\t&lt;/match&gt;\n"
"\t&lt;match target=\"font\"&gt;\n"
"\t    &lt;test name=\"pixelsize\" compare=\"less\" qual=\"any\"&gt;\n"
"\t\t&lt;double&gt;14&lt;/double&gt;\n"
"\t    &lt;/test&gt;\n"
"\t    &lt;edit mode=\"assign\" name=\"antialias\"&gt;\n"
"\t\t&lt;bool&gt;false&lt;/bool&gt;\n"
"\t    &lt;/edit&gt;\n"
"\t&lt;/match&gt;"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:11695
msgid "<primary>fonts</primary> <secondary>spacing</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11700
msgid ""
"Spacing for some monospaced fonts might also be inappropriate with anti-"
"aliasing. This seems to be an issue with <application>KDE</application>, in "
"particular. One possible fix is to force the spacing for such fonts to be "
"100. Add these lines:"
msgstr ""
"反鋸齒所產生的間距對於部份等寬字型並不合適，尤其是在使用 <application>KDE</"
"application> 時會成為一個問題。可能的修正方式是強制這類字型的間距為 100，可加"
"入以下行："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11706
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\t&lt;match target=\"pattern\" name=\"family\"&gt;\n"
"\t   &lt;test qual=\"any\" name=\"family\"&gt;\n"
"\t       &lt;string&gt;fixed&lt;/string&gt;\n"
"\t   &lt;/test&gt;\n"
"\t   &lt;edit name=\"family\" mode=\"assign\"&gt;\n"
"\t       &lt;string&gt;mono&lt;/string&gt;\n"
"\t   &lt;/edit&gt;\n"
"\t&lt;/match&gt;\n"
"\t&lt;match target=\"pattern\" name=\"family\"&gt;\n"
"\t    &lt;test qual=\"any\" name=\"family\"&gt;\n"
"\t\t&lt;string&gt;console&lt;/string&gt;\n"
"\t    &lt;/test&gt;\n"
"\t    &lt;edit name=\"family\" mode=\"assign\"&gt;\n"
"\t\t&lt;string&gt;mono&lt;/string&gt;\n"
"\t    &lt;/edit&gt;\n"
"\t&lt;/match&gt;"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11723
msgid ""
"(this aliases the other common names for fixed fonts as <literal>\"mono\"</"
"literal>), and then add:"
msgstr ""
"(這會設定等寬字型的其他常用名稱為 <literal>\"mono\"</literal>)，然後加入："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11726
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"         &lt;match target=\"pattern\" name=\"family\"&gt;\n"
"\t     &lt;test qual=\"any\" name=\"family\"&gt;\n"
"\t\t &lt;string&gt;mono&lt;/string&gt;\n"
"\t     &lt;/test&gt;\n"
"\t     &lt;edit name=\"spacing\" mode=\"assign\"&gt;\n"
"\t\t &lt;int&gt;100&lt;/int&gt;\n"
"\t     &lt;/edit&gt;\n"
"\t &lt;/match&gt;      "
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11735
msgid ""
"Certain fonts, such as Helvetica, may have a problem when anti-aliased. "
"Usually this manifests itself as a font that seems cut in half vertically. "
"At worst, it may cause applications to crash. To avoid this, consider adding "
"the following to <filename>local.conf</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"部份字型，如 Helvetica，在使用反鋸齒時可能會發生問題，通常會呈現像垂直切成兩"
"半的字型，最差還可能會導致應用程式當掉。要避免這個問題，可考慮加入以下設定到 "
"<filename>local.conf</filename>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11741
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"         &lt;match target=\"pattern\" name=\"family\"&gt;\n"
"\t     &lt;test qual=\"any\" name=\"family\"&gt;\n"
"\t\t &lt;string&gt;Helvetica&lt;/string&gt;\n"
"\t     &lt;/test&gt;\n"
"\t     &lt;edit name=\"family\" mode=\"assign\"&gt;\n"
"\t\t &lt;string&gt;sans-serif&lt;/string&gt;\n"
"\t     &lt;/edit&gt;\n"
"\t &lt;/match&gt;        "
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11750
msgid ""
"After editing <filename>local.conf</filename>, make certain to end the file "
"with the <literal>&lt;/fontconfig&gt;</literal> tag. Not doing this will "
"cause changes to be ignored."
msgstr ""
"編輯 <filename>local.conf</filename> 完之後，請確認有使用 <literal>&lt;/"
"fontconfig&gt;</literal> 標籤結尾，若沒有使用會讓所做的更改被忽略。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11755
msgid ""
"Users can add personalized settings by creating their own <filename>~/."
"config/fontconfig/fonts.conf</filename>. This file uses the same "
"<acronym>XML</acronym> format described above."
msgstr ""
"使用者可透過建立自己的 <filename>~/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf</filename> "
"來加入個人化的設定，此檔案使用與上述說明相同的 <acronym>XML</acronym> 格式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:11760
msgid "<primary>LCD screen</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:11761
msgid "<primary>Fonts</primary> <secondary>LCD screen</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11764
msgid ""
"One last point: with an LCD screen, sub-pixel sampling may be desired. This "
"basically treats the (horizontally separated) red, green and blue components "
"separately to improve the horizontal resolution; the results can be "
"dramatic. To enable this, add the line somewhere in <filename>local.conf</"
"filename>:"
msgstr ""
"最後一點：若有使用 LCD 螢幕，可能會想要使用子像素取樣 (Sub-pixel sampling)，"
"這基本上會分開處理 (水平分隔)  紅、綠、藍色彩組成來提高垂直解析度，結果可能是"
"無法預料的。要開啟這個功能，加入下行到 <filename>local.conf</filename> 的任一"
"處："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:11771
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\t &lt;match target=\"font\"&gt;\n"
"\t     &lt;test qual=\"all\" name=\"rgba\"&gt;\n"
"\t\t &lt;const&gt;unknown&lt;/const&gt;\n"
"\t     &lt;/test&gt;\n"
"\t     &lt;edit name=\"rgba\" mode=\"assign\"&gt;\n"
"\t\t &lt;const&gt;rgb&lt;/const&gt;\n"
"\t     &lt;/edit&gt;\n"
"\t &lt;/match&gt;"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:11781
msgid ""
"Depending on the sort of display, <literal>rgb</literal> may need to be "
"changed to <literal>bgr</literal>, <literal>vrgb</literal> or <literal>vbgr</"
"literal>: experiment and see which works best."
msgstr ""
"依據不同的顯示器類型可能會需要將 <literal>rgb</literal> 更改為 <literal>bgr</"
"literal>, <literal>vrgb</literal> 或 <literal>vbgr</literal>：可實驗看看然後"
"看那一個效果最好。"

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:11792
msgid "The X Display Manager"
msgstr "X 顯示管理程式"

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:11795
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Seth</firstname> <surname>Kingsley</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Originally contributed by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:11805
msgid "<primary>X Display Manager</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:11806
msgid ""
"<application>Xorg</application> provides an X Display Manager, "
"<application>XDM</application>, which can be used for login session "
"management. <application>XDM</application> provides a graphical interface "
"for choosing which display server to connect to and for entering "
"authorization information such as a login and password combination."
msgstr ""
"<application>Xorg</application> 提供了 X 顯示管理程式 (X Display Manager, "
"<application>XDM</application>)，可用來做登入階段的管理。<application>XDM</"
"application> 提供了一個圖型化的介面來選擇要連結的顯示伺服器以及輸入認証資訊 "
"(登入與密碼)。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:11813
msgid ""
"This section demonstrates how to configure the X Display Manager on FreeBSD. "
"Some desktop environments provide their own graphical login manager. Refer "
"to <xref linkend=\"x11-wm-gnome\"/> for instructions on how to configure the "
"GNOME Display Manager and <xref linkend=\"x11-wm-kde\"/> for instructions on "
"how to configure the KDE Display Manager."
msgstr ""
"本節將示範如何設定 FreeBSD 的 X 顯示管理程式。部份桌面環境會提供自己的圖型化"
"登入管理程式，請參考 <xref linkend=\"x11-wm-gnome\"/> 取得如何設定 GNOME 顯示"
"管理程式 (GNOME Display Manager) 的操作方式以及 <xref linkend=\"x11-wm-kde\"/"
"> 取得如何設定 KDE 顯示管理程式 (KDE Display Manager) 的操作方式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:11820
msgid "Configuring <application>XDM</application>"
msgstr "設定 <application>XDM</application>"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11822
msgid ""
"To install <application>XDM</application>, use the <package>x11/xdm</"
"package> package or port. Once installed, <application>XDM</application> can "
"be configured to run when the machine boots up by editing this entry in "
"<filename>/etc/ttys</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"要安裝 <application>XDM</application> 可使用 <package>x11/xdm</package> 套件"
"或 Port。安裝完成之後，可設定 <application>XDM</application> 在開機時執行，只"
"需編輯 <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> 中的此項目："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:11828
#, no-wrap
msgid "ttyv8   \"/usr/local/bin/xdm -nodaemon\"  xterm   off secure"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11830
msgid ""
"Change the <literal>off</literal> to <literal>on</literal> and save the "
"edit. The <literal>ttyv8</literal> in this entry indicates that "
"<application>XDM</application> will run on the ninth virtual terminal."
msgstr ""
"更改關 (<literal>off</literal>) 為開 (<literal>on</literal>) 然後儲存編輯。在"
"此項目中的 <literal>ttyv8</literal> 代表 <application>XDM</application> 會在"
"第 9 個虛擬終端機執行。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11835
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The <application>XDM</application> configuration directory is located in "
"<filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xdm</filename>. This directory contains several "
"files used to change the behavior and appearance of <application>XDM</"
"application>, as well as a few scripts and programs used to set up the "
"desktop when <application>XDM</application> is running. <xref linkend=\"xdm-"
"config-files\"/> summarizes the function of each of these files. The exact "
"syntax and usage of these files is described in <citerefentry vendor="
"\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"<application>XDM</application> 的設定目錄位於 <filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/"
"xdm</filename>。此目錄中包含數個可用來更改 <application>XDM</application> 行"
"為與外觀的檔案以及在 <application>XDM</application> 執行時用來設定桌面的一"
"些  Script 及程式，<xref linkend=\"xdm-config-files\"/> 摘要了每個檔案的功"
"能。這些檔案正確的語法與用法在 <citerefentry vendor="
"\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 有說明。"

#. (itstool) path: table/title
#: book.translate.xml:11845
msgid "XDM Configuration Files"
msgstr "XDM 設定檔"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11850
msgid "File"
msgstr "檔案"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11857
msgid "<filename>Xaccess</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11858
msgid ""
"The protocol for connecting to <application>XDM</application> is called the "
"X Display Manager Connection Protocol (<acronym>XDMCP</acronym>) This file "
"is a client authorization ruleset for controlling <acronym>XDMCP</acronym> "
"connections from remote machines. By default, this file does not allow any "
"remote clients to connect."
msgstr ""
"連線到 <application>XDM</application> 所需的通訊協定稱做 X 顯示管理程式連線通"
"訊協定  (X Display Manager Connection Protocol, <acronym>XDMCP</acronym>)，此"
"檔案為客戶端認証規則，用來控制來自遠端機器的 <acronym>XDMCP</acronym> 連線。"
"預設此檔案並不允許任何遠端的客戶端連線。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11868
msgid "<filename>Xresources</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11869
msgid ""
"This file controls the look and feel of the <application>XDM</application> "
"display chooser and login screens. The default configuration is a simple "
"rectangular login window with the hostname of the machine displayed at the "
"top in a large font and <quote>Login:</quote> and <quote>Password:</quote> "
"prompts below. The format of this file is identical to the app-defaults file "
"described in the <application>Xorg</application> documentation."
msgstr ""
"此檔案控制 <application>XDM</application> 顯示選擇器及登入畫面的外觀。預設的"
"設定簡單的矩形登入視窗，上方用較大的字型顯示機器的主機名稱，並在下方顯示 "
"<quote>Login:</quote> 與 <quote>Password:</quote> 提示。此檔案的格式與 "
"<application>Xorg</application> 說明文件中說明的 app-defaults 檔相同。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11882
msgid "<filename>Xservers</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11883
msgid ""
"The list of local and remote displays the chooser should provide as login "
"choices."
msgstr "登入選擇時在選擇器上要提供的本地及遠端顯示清單。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11888
msgid "<filename>Xsession</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11889
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Default session script for logins which is run by <application>XDM</"
"application> after a user has logged in. This points to a customized session "
"script in <filename>~/.xsession</filename>."
msgstr ""
"預設的登入階段 Script，使用者登入之後由 <application>XDM</application> 執行。"
"一般每一位使用者都會有自訂的階段 Script 在 <filename>~/.xsession</filename> "
"來覆蓋此 Script 的設定。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11896
msgid "<filename>Xsetup_</filename>*"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11897
msgid ""
"Script to automatically launch applications before displaying the chooser or "
"login interfaces. There is a script for each display being used, named "
"<filename>Xsetup_*</filename>, where <literal>*</literal> is the local "
"display number. Typically these scripts run one or two programs in the "
"background such as <command>xconsole</command>."
msgstr ""
"用來在顯示選擇器與登入介面之前自動執行應用程式的 Script。每一個顯示各有一個 "
"Script，名稱為 <filename>Xsetup_*</filename>，其中 <literal>*</literal> 為本"
"地顯示編號。正常情況這些 Script 會在背景執行一兩個程式，例如 "
"<command>xconsole</command>。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11908
msgid "<filename>xdm-config</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11909
msgid "Global configuration for all displays running on this machine."
msgstr "用來設定所有在此機器上執行的顯示的全域設定檔。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11914
msgid "<filename>xdm-errors</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11915
msgid ""
"Contains errors generated by the server program. If a display that "
"<application>XDM</application> is trying to start hangs, look at this file "
"for error messages. These messages are also written to the user's "
"<filename>~/.xsession-errors</filename> on a per-session basis."
msgstr ""
"內含由伺服器程式產生的錯誤訊息，若 <application>XDM</application> 嘗試啟動的"
"顯示沒有回應，可查看此檔案來取得錯誤訊息。以登入階段為基礎，這些訊息也同樣會"
"寫入至使用者的 <filename>~/.xsession-errors</filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11924
msgid "<filename>xdm-pid</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:11925
msgid ""
"The running process <acronym>ID</acronym> of <application>XDM</application>."
msgstr "<application>XDM</application> 的執行程序 <acronym>ID</acronym>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:11934
msgid "Configuring Remote Access"
msgstr "設定遠端存取"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11936
msgid ""
"By default, only users on the same system can login using <application>XDM</"
"application>. To enable users on other systems to connect to the display "
"server, edit the access control rules and enable the connection listener."
msgstr ""
"預設只有同系統的使用者可以使用 <application>XDM</application> 登入。要開啟讓"
"其他系統的使用者可連線到顯示伺服器，需編輯存取控制規則及開啟連線傾聽程式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11941
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To configure <application>XDM</application> to listen for any remote "
"connection, comment out the <literal>DisplayManager.requestPort</literal> "
"line in <filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xdm/xdm-config</filename> by putting a "
"<literal>!</literal> in front of it:"
msgstr ""
"要設定 <application>XDM</application> 傾聽作何遠端的連線，在 <filename>/usr/"
"local/lib/X11/xdm/xdm-config</filename> 中的 <literal>DisplayManager."
"requestPort</literal> 行前加上 <literal>!</literal> 來註解該行："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:11947
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"! SECURITY: do not listen for XDMCP or Chooser requests\n"
"! Comment out this line if you want to manage X terminals with xdm\n"
"DisplayManager.requestPort:     0"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11951
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Save the edits and restart <application>XDM</application>. To restrict "
"remote access, look at the example entries in <filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/"
"xdm/Xaccess</filename> and refer to <citerefentry vendor="
"\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> for further information."
msgstr ""
"儲存編輯並重新啟動 <application>XDM</application>，要限制遠端存取，請看 "
"<filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm/Xaccess</filename> 中的範例項目，並參考 "
"<citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 取得進一步資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:11960
msgid "Desktop Environments"
msgstr "桌面環境"

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:11963
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Valentino</firstname> <surname>Vaschetto</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:11974
msgid ""
"This section describes how to install three popular desktop environments on "
"a FreeBSD system. A desktop environment can range from a simple window "
"manager to a complete suite of desktop applications. Over a hundred desktop "
"environments are available in the <filename>x11-wm</filename> category of "
"the Ports Collection."
msgstr ""
"本節將介紹如何在 FreeBSD 系統安裝三種熱門的桌面環境。一套桌面環境的範圍可從簡"
"單的視窗管理程式到完整的桌面應用程式集。有上百套的桌面環境可在 Port 套件集的 "
"<filename>x11-wm</filename> 分類取得。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:11982
msgid "GNOME"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11985
msgid ""
"<application>GNOME</application> is a user-friendly desktop environment. It "
"includes a panel for starting applications and displaying status, a desktop, "
"a set of tools and applications, and a set of conventions that make it easy "
"for applications to cooperate and be consistent with each other. More "
"information regarding <application>GNOME</application> on FreeBSD can be "
"found at <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome\">https://www."
"FreeBSD.org/gnome</link>. That web site contains additional documentation "
"about installing, configuring, and managing <application>GNOME</application> "
"on FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"<application>GNOME</application> 是一個擁有友善使用者介面的的桌面環境，它包括"
"用於啟動應用程式和顯示狀態的面板、一系列工具與應用程序及一套可讓應用程式更容"
"易進行合作、相互一致的協定。更多有關 FreeBSD <application>GNOME</"
"application> 的訊息可在 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome"
"\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome</link> 取得，該網站包含了有關在 FreeBSD 安"
"裝、設定和管理 <application>GNOME</application> 的額外文件。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:11996
msgid "This desktop environment can be installed from a package:"
msgstr "這套桌面環境可以從套件安裝："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:11999
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install gnome3</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12001
msgid ""
"To instead build <application>GNOME</application> from ports, use the "
"following command. <application>GNOME</application> is a large application "
"and will take some time to compile, even on a fast computer."
msgstr ""
"也可使用以下指令從 Port 編譯 <application>GNOME</application>，"
"<application>GNOME</application> 是一套大型的應用程式，即使在速度較快的電腦"
"上，也會需要花費一些時間編譯。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12007
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome3</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12010
msgid ""
"<application>GNOME</application> requires <filename>/proc</filename> to be "
"mounted. Add this line to <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> to mount this file "
"system automatically during system startup:"
msgstr ""
"<application>GNOME</application> 需要掛載 <filename>/proc</filename>。加入下"
"行到 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> 讓系統啟動時會自動掛載這個檔案系統。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12015 book.translate.xml:12104
#, no-wrap
msgid "proc           /proc       procfs  rw  0   0"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12017
msgid ""
"<application>GNOME</application> uses <application>D-Bus</application> and "
"<application>HAL</application> for a message bus and hardware abstraction. "
"These applications are automatically installed as dependencies of "
"<application>GNOME</application>. Enable them in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</"
"filename> so they will be started when the system boots:"
msgstr ""
"<application>GNOME</application> 使用了 <application>D-Bus</application> 以"
"及 <application>HAL</application> 的 Message bus 與 Hardware abstraction。這"
"兩個應用程式會隨著 <application>GNOME</application> 的相依一併自動安裝，但需"
"要在 <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> 開啟，這樣在系統開機時才會啟動："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12025 book.translate.xml:12114
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"dbus_enable=\"YES\"\n"
"hald_enable=\"YES\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12028
msgid ""
"After installation, configure <application>Xorg</application> to start "
"<application>GNOME</application>. The easiest way to do this is to enable "
"the GNOME Display Manager, <application>GDM</application>, which is "
"installed as part of the <application>GNOME</application> package or port. "
"It can be enabled by adding this line to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"安裝完之後，需設定讓 <application>Xorg</application> 啟動 "
"<application>GNOME</application>。最簡單的方法是開啟 GNOME Display Manager, "
"<application>GDM</application>，該程式已做為 <application>GNOME</"
"application> 套件或 Port 的一部份安裝了，可加入下行到 <filename>/etc/rc."
"conf</filename> 來開啟："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12037
#, no-wrap
msgid "gdm_enable=\"YES\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12039
msgid ""
"It is often desirable to also start all <application>GNOME</application> "
"services. To achieve this, add a second line to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</"
"filename>:"
msgstr ""
"通常也會需要啟動所有的 <application>GNOME</application> 服務，可加入下行到 "
"<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12043
#, no-wrap
msgid "gnome_enable=\"YES\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12045
msgid ""
"<application>GDM</application> will start automatically when the system "
"boots."
msgstr "<application>GDM</application> 則會在系統開機時自動啟動。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12048
msgid ""
"A second method for starting <application>GNOME</application> is to type "
"<command>startx</command> from the command-line after configuring "
"<filename>~/.xinitrc</filename>. If this file already exists, replace the "
"line that starts the current window manager with one that starts <filename>/"
"usr/local/bin/gnome-session</filename>. If this file does not exist, create "
"it with this command:"
msgstr ""
"第二種啟動 <application>GNOME</application> 的方法是在設定完 <filename>~/."
"xinitrc</filename> 後在指令列輸入 <command>startx</command>。若這個檔案已經存"
"在，替換啟動目前視窗管理程式的那一行，改為啟動 <filename>/usr/local/bin/"
"gnome-session</filename>。若檔案不存在，則使用以下指令建立一個："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12057
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>echo \"exec /usr/local/bin/gnome-session\" &gt; ~/.xinitrc</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12059
msgid ""
"A third method is to use <application>XDM</application> as the display "
"manager. In this case, create an executable <filename>~/.xsession</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"第三種方法是使用 <application>XDM</application> 做為顯示管理程式，在這個方法"
"需要建立一個可執行的 <filename>~/.xsession</filename>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12063
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>echo \"exec /usr/local/bin/gnome-session\" &gt; ~/.xsession</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:12067
msgid "KDE"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12071
msgid ""
"<application>KDE</application> is another easy-to-use desktop environment. "
"This desktop provides a suite of applications with a consistent look and "
"feel, a standardized menu and toolbars, keybindings, color-schemes, "
"internationalization, and a centralized, dialog-driven desktop "
"configuration. More information on <application>KDE</application> can be "
"found at <link xlink:href=\"http://www.kde.org/\">http://www.kde.org/</"
"link>. For FreeBSD-specific information, consult <link xlink:href=\"http://"
"freebsd.kde.org/\">http://freebsd.kde.org</link>."
msgstr ""
"<application>KDE</application> 是另一套易於使用的桌面環境。這個桌面環境提供了"
"一致外觀的應用程式、標準化的選單和工具列、組合鍵、配色方案、國際化與集中、對"
"話框導向的桌面設定。更多有關 <application>KDE</application> 可在 <link xlink:"
"href=\"http://www.kde.org/\">http://www.kde.org/</link> 取得。要取得 FreeBSD "
"特定的資訊，則可參考 <link xlink:href=\"http://freebsd.kde.org/\">http://"
"freebsd.kde.org</link>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12080
msgid "To install the <application>KDE</application> package, type:"
msgstr "要安裝 <application>KDE</application> 套件，請輸入："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12083
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install x11/kde4</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12085
msgid ""
"To instead build the <application>KDE</application> port, use the following "
"command. Installing the port will provide a menu for selecting which "
"components to install. <application>KDE</application> is a large application "
"and will take some time to compile, even on a fast computer."
msgstr ""
"或者要使用 <application>KDE</application> Port 編譯，可使用以下指令，採用 "
"Port 方式安裝會有選單可以選擇要安裝的元件。<application>KDE</application> 是"
"一個大型的應用程式，即使在較快的電腦上仍需要花費一段時間來編譯。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12091
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/kde4</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:12094
msgid "<primary>KDE</primary> <secondary>display manager</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12099
msgid ""
"<application>KDE</application> requires <filename>/proc</filename> to be "
"mounted. Add this line to <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> to mount this file "
"system automatically during system startup:"
msgstr ""
"<application>KDE</application> 需要掛載 <filename>/proc</filename>。加入下行"
"到 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> 讓系統啟動時會自動掛載這個檔案系統："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12106
msgid ""
"<application>KDE</application> uses <application>D-Bus</application> and "
"<application>HAL</application> for a message bus and hardware abstraction. "
"These applications are automatically installed as dependencies of "
"<application>KDE</application>. Enable them in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</"
"filename> so they will be started when the system boots:"
msgstr ""
"<application>KDE</application> 使用了 <application>D-Bus</application> 以及 "
"<application>HAL</application> 的 Message bus 與 Hardware abstraction。這兩個"
"應用程式會隨著 <application>KDE</application> 的相依一併自動安裝，但需要在 "
"<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> 開啟，這樣在系統開機時才會啟動："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12117
msgid ""
"The installation of <application>KDE</application> includes the KDE Display "
"Manager, <application>KDM</application>. To enable this display manager, add "
"this line to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"<application>KDE</application> 的安裝包含了 KDE Display Manager, "
"<application>KDM</application>，要開啟這個顯示管理程式，需加入下行到 "
"<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12123
#, no-wrap
msgid "kdm4_enable=\"YES\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12125
msgid ""
"A second method for launching <application>KDE</application> is to type "
"<command>startx</command> from the command line. For this to work, the "
"following line is needed in <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"第二種執行 <application>KDE</application> 的方法是在在指令列輸入 "
"<command>startx</command>。要採用這個方式，需要加入下行到 <filename>~/."
"xinitrc</filename>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12131
#, no-wrap
msgid "exec /usr/local/bin/startkde"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12133
msgid ""
"A third method for starting <application>KDE</application> is through "
"<application>XDM</application>. To do so, create an executable <filename>~/."
"xsession</filename> as follows:"
msgstr ""
"第三種啟動 <application>KDE</application> 的方式是透過 <application>XDM</"
"application>，要使用這個方法需要建立一個可執行的 <filename>~/.xsession</"
"filename> 如下："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12138
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>echo \"exec /usr/local/bin/startkde\" &gt; ~/.xsession</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12140
msgid ""
"Once <application>KDE</application> is started, refer to its built-in help "
"system for more information on how to use its various menus and applications."
msgstr ""
"啟動 <application>KDE</application> 之後，請參考內建的說明系統來取得更多有關"
"如何使用各種選單及應用程式的資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:12146
msgid "Xfce"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12148
msgid ""
"<application>Xfce</application> is a desktop environment based on the GTK+ "
"toolkit used by <application>GNOME</application>. However, it is more "
"lightweight and provides a simple, efficient, easy-to-use desktop. It is "
"fully configurable, has a main panel with menus, applets, and application "
"launchers, provides a file manager and sound manager, and is themeable. "
"Since it is fast, light, and efficient, it is ideal for older or slower "
"machines with memory limitations. More information on <application>Xfce</"
"application> can be found at <link xlink:href=\"http://www.xfce.org/"
"\">http://www.xfce.org</link>."
msgstr ""
"<application>Xfce</application> 是以 <application>GNOME</application> 使用的 "
"GTK +工具包做為基礎所開發的桌面環境，但是它更輕巧且提供了一種簡單、高效、易於"
"使用的桌面。它可完全自訂設定、附有選單、Applet 及應用程式啟動器的主面板、提供"
"檔案管理程式和音效管理程式並且可設定主題。由於它是快速、輕巧、高效的桌面環"
"境，因此它非常適合有記憶體限制的較舊或較慢機器。更多有關 <application>Xfce</"
"application> 的資訊可至 <link xlink:href=\"http://www.xfce.org/\">http://www."
"xfce.org</link> 取得。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12159
msgid "To install the <application>Xfce</application> package:"
msgstr "要安裝 <application>Xfce</application> 套件："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12162
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install xfce</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12164
msgid "Alternatively, to build the port:"
msgstr "或者使用 Port 編譯："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12166
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12169
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<application>Xfce</application> uses <application>D-Bus</application> for a "
"message bus. This application is automatically installed as dependency of "
"<application>Xfce</application>. Enable it in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</"
"filename> so it will be started when the system boots:"
msgstr ""
"<application>KDE</application> 使用了 <application>D-Bus</application> 以及 "
"<application>HAL</application> 的 Message bus 與 Hardware abstraction。這兩個"
"應用程式會隨著 <application>KDE</application> 的相依一併自動安裝，但需要在 "
"<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> 開啟，這樣在系統開機時才會啟動："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12176
#, no-wrap
msgid "dbus_enable=\"YES\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12178
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unlike <application>GNOME</application> or <application>KDE</application>, "
"<application>Xfce</application> does not provide its own login manager. In "
"order to start <application>Xfce</application> from the command line by "
"typing <command>startx</command>, first create <filename>~/.xinitrc</"
"filename> with this command:"
msgstr ""
"不像 <application>GNOME</application> 或 <application>KDE</application>，"
"<application>Xfce</application> 並沒有自己的登入管理程式，要由指令列啟動 "
"<application>Xfce</application> 需輸入 <command>startx</command>，在這之前需"
"先加入其項目到 <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12186
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>echo \". /usr/local/etc/xdg/xfce4/xinitrc\" &gt; ~/.xinitrc</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12188
msgid ""
"An alternate method is to use <application>XDM</application>. To configure "
"this method, create an executable <filename>~/.xsession</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"另一種方式是使用 <application>XDM</application>，要設定這個方式需建立一個可執"
"行的 <filename>~/.xsession</filename>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12192
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>echo \". /usr/local/etc/xdg/xfce4/xinitrc\" &gt; ~/.xsession</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:12197
msgid "Installing Compiz Fusion"
msgstr "安裝 Compiz Fusion"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12199
msgid ""
"One way to make using a desktop computer more pleasant is with nice 3D "
"effects."
msgstr "要令使用桌面電腦更令人愉快的方法是用炫麗的 3D 效果。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12202
msgid ""
"Installing the <application>Compiz Fusion</application> package is easy, but "
"configuring it requires a few steps that are not described in the port's "
"documentation."
msgstr ""
"安裝 <application>Compiz Fusion</application> 套件非常簡單，但設定該套件需要"
"一些未在 Port 說明文件中說明的步驟。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:12207
msgid "Setting up the FreeBSD nVidia Driver"
msgstr "設定 FreeBSD nVidia 驅動程式"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12209
msgid ""
"Desktop effects can cause quite a load on the graphics card. For an nVidia-"
"based graphics card, the proprietary driver is required for good "
"performance. Users of other graphics cards can skip this section and "
"continue with the <filename>xorg.conf</filename> configuration."
msgstr ""
"桌面特效需要使用相當程度的顯示卡，對於以 nVidia 為基礎的顯示卡，需要使用專用"
"的驅動程序來取得較佳的性能。其他顯示卡的使用可以跳過這一節，並繼續 "
"<filename>xorg.conf</filename> 設定。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12215
msgid ""
"To determine which nVidia driver is needed see the <link xlink:href="
"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/x.html#idp59950544\">FAQ "
"question on the subject</link>."
msgstr ""
"要知道需要那一種 nVidia 驅動程式可以查看 <link xlink:href="
"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/x.html#idp59950544\">FAQ 中"
"與此主題相關的問題</link>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12218
msgid ""
"Having determined the correct driver to use for your card, installation is "
"as simple as installing any other package."
msgstr ""
"知道您的顯示卡要使用那種驅動程式才是正確的之後，接下來的安裝程序跟安裝其他套"
"件一樣簡單。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12222
msgid "For example, to install the latest driver:"
msgstr "例如，要安裝最新的驅動程式："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12224
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install x11/nvidia-driver</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12226
msgid ""
"The driver will create a kernel module, which needs to be loaded at system "
"startup. Add the following line to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"驅動程式會建立一個需要在系統啟動時載入的核心模組，加入下行到 <filename>/boot/"
"loader.conf</filename>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12230
#, no-wrap
msgid "nvidia_load=\"YES\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:12233
msgid ""
"To immediately load the kernel module into the running kernel by issuing a "
"command like <command>kldload nvidia</command>, however it has been noted "
"that the some versions of <application>Xorg</application> will not function "
"properly if the driver is not loaded at boot time. After editing <filename>/"
"boot/loader.conf</filename>, a reboot is recommended."
msgstr ""
"要立即載入核心模組到執行中的核心可以下 <command>kldload nvidia</command> 指"
"令，但是需要注意，若不是在開機時載入，某些 <application>Xorg</application> 版"
"本會無法正常運作。因此編輯完 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> 之後建議"
"要重新開機。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12242
msgid ""
"With the kernel module loaded, you normally only need to change a single "
"line in <filename>xorg.conf</filename> to enable the proprietary driver:"
msgstr ""
"核心模組載入之後，您只需要更改 <filename>xorg.conf</filename> 的其中一行來開"
"啟專用的驅動程式："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12246
msgid "Find the following line in <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>:"
msgstr "找到 <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> 中的下行："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12249
#, no-wrap
msgid "Driver      \"nv\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12251
msgid "and change it to:"
msgstr "然後更改該行為："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12253
#, no-wrap
msgid "Driver      \"nvidia\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12255
msgid ""
"Start the GUI as usual, and you should be greeted by the nVidia splash. "
"Everything should work as usual."
msgstr ""
"如往常般啟動 GUI，您應該會看到 nVidia 的啟動畫面，其他東西應如往常般運作。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:12260
msgid "Configuring xorg.conf for Desktop Effects"
msgstr "設定 xorg.conf 來啟動桌面特效"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12262
msgid ""
"To enable <application>Compiz Fusion</application>, <filename>/etc/X11/xorg."
"conf</filename> needs to be modified:"
msgstr ""
"要開啟 <application>Compiz Fusion</application> 需要修改 <filename>/etc/X11/"
"xorg.conf</filename>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12266
msgid "Add the following section to enable composite effects:"
msgstr "加入以下 Section 來開啟合成特效："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12269
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section \"Extensions\"\n"
"    Option         \"Composite\" \"Enable\"\n"
"EndSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12273
msgid ""
"Locate the <quote>Screen</quote> section which should look similar to the "
"one below:"
msgstr "找到 <quote>Screen</quote> section，長的應該如下所示："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12276
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section \"Screen\"\n"
"    Identifier     \"Screen0\"\n"
"    Device         \"Card0\"\n"
"    Monitor        \"Monitor0\"\n"
"    ..."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12282
msgid "and add the following two lines (after <quote>Monitor</quote> will do):"
msgstr "然後加入以下兩行 (在<quote>Monitor</quote> 之後)："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12285
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"DefaultDepth    24\n"
"Option         \"AddARGBGLXVisuals\" \"True\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12288
msgid ""
"Locate the <quote>Subsection</quote> that refers to the screen resolution "
"that you wish to use. For example, if you wish to use 1280x1024, locate the "
"section that follows. If the desired resolution does not appear in any "
"subsection, you may add the relevant entry by hand:"
msgstr ""
"找到您欲使用的螢幕解析度所在的 <quote>Subsection</quote>，例如，您想要使用 "
"1280x1024，則找到如下所示的 Section。若想要使用的解析度不在任何 Subsection 之"
"中，您可以手動加入對應的項目："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12294
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"SubSection     \"Display\"\n"
"    Viewport    0 0\n"
"    Modes      \"1280x1024\"\n"
"EndSubSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12299
msgid ""
"A color depth of 24 bits is needed for desktop composition, change the above "
"subsection to:"
msgstr "桌面合成需要 24 bit 的色彩深度，更改上述 Subsection 為："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12302
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"SubSection     \"Display\"\n"
"    Viewport    0 0\n"
"    Depth       24\n"
"    Modes      \"1280x1024\"\n"
"EndSubSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12308
msgid ""
"Finally, confirm that the <quote>glx</quote> and <quote>extmod</quote> "
"modules are loaded in the <quote>Module</quote> section:"
msgstr ""
"最後確認在 <quote>Module</quote> section 中已經載入 <quote>glx</quote> 與 "
"<quote>extmod</quote> 模組："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12312
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section \"Module\"\n"
"    Load           \"extmod\"\n"
"    Load           \"glx\"\n"
"    ..."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12317
msgid ""
"The preceding can be done automatically with <package>x11/nvidia-xconfig</"
"package> by running (as root):"
msgstr ""
"前面所述的動作可以執行 <package>x11/nvidia-xconfig</package> 來自動完成 (使"
"用 root)："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12321
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>nvidia-xconfig --add-argb-glx-visuals</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>nvidia-xconfig --composite</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>nvidia-xconfig --depth=24</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:12327
msgid "Installing and Configuring Compiz Fusion"
msgstr "安裝與設定 Compiz Fusion"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12329
msgid ""
"Installing <application>Compiz Fusion</application> is as simple as any "
"other package:"
msgstr ""
"安裝 <application>Compiz Fusion</application> 如同安裝其他套件一樣簡單："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12332
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install x11-wm/compiz-fusion</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12334
msgid ""
"When the installation is finished, start your graphic desktop and at a "
"terminal, enter the following commands (as a normal user):"
msgstr ""
"安裝完成之後，開啟您的圖型化桌面，然後在終端機的畫面輸入以下指令 (使用一般使"
"用者)："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12338
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>compiz --replace --sm-disable --ignore-desktop-hints ccp &amp;</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>emerald --replace &amp;</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12341
msgid ""
"Your screen will flicker for a few seconds, as your window manager (e.g. "
"<application>Metacity</application> if you are using <application>GNOME</"
"application>) is replaced by <application>Compiz Fusion</application>. "
"<application>Emerald</application> takes care of the window decorations (i."
"e. close, minimize, maximize buttons, title bars and so on)."
msgstr ""
"由於您的視窗管理程式 (例如：<application>Metacity</application>，若您使用 "
"<application>GNOME</application>) 會被替換成 <application>Compiz Fusion</"
"application>，您的螢幕會閃爍幾秒。而 <application>Emerald</application> 會處"
"理視窗的裝飾  (例如：關閉、最小化、最大化按鈕、標題列及其他相關)。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12349
msgid ""
"You may convert this to a trivial script and have it run at startup "
"automatically (e.g. by adding to <quote>Sessions</quote> in a "
"<application>GNOME</application> desktop):"
msgstr ""
"您或許可以將這些指令改寫成較小的 Script 然後在啟動時自動執行 (加到 "
"<application>GNOME</application> 桌面的 <quote>Sessions</quote> 中)："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12354
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#! /bin/sh\n"
"compiz --replace --sm-disable --ignore-desktop-hints ccp &amp;\n"
"emerald --replace &amp;"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12358
msgid ""
"Save this in your home directory as, for example, <filename>start-compiz</"
"filename> and make it executable:"
msgstr ""
"儲存這個 Script 到您的家目錄所在位置，例如 <filename>start-compiz</"
"filename>，然後讓該檔案可以執行："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12362
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>chmod +x ~/start-compiz</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12364
msgid ""
"Then use the GUI to add it to <guimenuitem>Startup Programs</guimenuitem> "
"(located in <guimenuitem>System</guimenuitem>, <guimenuitem>Preferences</"
"guimenuitem>, <guimenuitem>Sessions</guimenuitem> on a <application>GNOME</"
"application> desktop)."
msgstr ""
"接著使用 GUI  將該檔案加入啟動程式 <guimenuitem>Startup Programs</"
"guimenuitem> (位於 <application>GNOME</application> 桌面的系統 "
"<guimenuitem>System</guimenuitem>, 偏好設定 <guimenuitem>Preferences</"
"guimenuitem>, 工作階段 <guimenuitem>Sessions</guimenuitem>)。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12371
msgid ""
"To actually select all the desired effects and their settings, execute "
"(again as a normal user) the <application>Compiz Config Settings Manager</"
"application>:"
msgstr ""
"要選擇所想使用的特效與相關設定，可執行 (一樣使用一般使用者) Compiz Config 設"
"定管理程式 <application>Compiz Config Settings Manager</application>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12375
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>ccsm</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:12378
msgid ""
"In <application>GNOME</application>, this can also be found in the "
"<guimenuitem>System</guimenuitem>, <guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem> "
"menu."
msgstr ""
"在 <application>GNOME</application> 中，也可在系統 <guimenuitem>System</"
"guimenuitem>, 偏好設定 <guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem> 選單中找到。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12383
msgid ""
"If you have selected <quote>gconf support</quote> during the build, you will "
"also be able to view these settings using <command>gconf-editor</command> "
"under <literal>apps/compiz</literal>."
msgstr ""
"若您在編譯時選擇了 <quote>gconf support</quote>，您便可使用 <command>gconf-"
"editor</command> 在 <literal>apps/compiz</literal> 下查看設定。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12394
msgid ""
"If the mouse does not work, you will need to first configure it before "
"proceeding. In recent <application>Xorg</application> versions, the "
"<literal>InputDevice</literal> sections in <filename>xorg.conf</filename> "
"are ignored in favor of the autodetected devices. To restore the old "
"behavior, add the following line to the <literal>ServerLayout</literal> or "
"<literal>ServerFlags</literal> section of this file:"
msgstr ""
"若滑鼠無法使用，您將需要做第一次設定方可繼續。在最近的 <application>Xorg</"
"application> 版本，使用自動偵測裝置會忽略在 <filename>xorg.conf</filename> 中"
"的 <literal>InputDevice</literal> section。要採用舊的方式，需在此檔案加入下行"
"到 <literal>ServerLayout</literal> 或 <literal>ServerFlags</literal> "
"section："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12403
#, no-wrap
msgid "Option \"AutoAddDevices\" \"false\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12405
msgid ""
"Input devices may then be configured as in previous versions, along with any "
"other options needed (e.g., keyboard layout switching)."
msgstr ""
"輸入裝置便可如先前版本一樣設定，連同其他所需的選項 (如：切換鍵盤配置)。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:12410
msgid ""
"As previously explained the <application>hald</application> daemon will, by "
"default, automatically detect your keyboard. There are chances that your "
"keyboard layout or model will not be correct, desktop environments like "
"<application>GNOME</application>, <application>KDE</application> or "
"<application>Xfce</application> provide tools to configure the keyboard. "
"However, it is possible to set the keyboard properties directly either with "
"the help of the <citerefentry vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>setxkbmap</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility or with a "
"<application>hald</application>'s configuration rule."
msgstr ""
"如同前面有說明過，<application>hald</application> Daemon 預設會自動偵測您的鍵"
"盤，因此您的鍵盤配置或型號可能不正確，桌面環境如 <application>GNOME</"
"application>, <application>KDE</application> 或 <application>Xfce</"
"application> 會提供設定鍵盤的工具。即使如此，還是有可能透過 <citerefentry "
"vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>setxkbmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 工具或 <application>hald</application> 的設定規則的"
"協助來直接設定鍵盤屬性。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:12422
msgid ""
"For example if, one wants to use a PC 102 keys keyboard coming with a french "
"layout, we have to create a keyboard configuration file for "
"<application>hald</application> called <filename>x11-input.fdi</filename> "
"and saved in the <filename>/usr/local/etc/hal/fdi/policy</filename> "
"directory. This file should contain the following lines:"
msgstr ""
"舉例來說，若有人想要使用 PC 102 鍵的鍵盤，採用法語 (French) 配置，我們便需要"
"建立一個給 <application>hald</application> 的鍵盤設定檔，名稱為 "
"<filename>x11-input.fdi</filename>，然後儲存到 <filename>/usr/local/etc/hal/"
"fdi/policy</filename> 目錄。這個檔案中應要有以下幾行："

#. (itstool) path: note/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12430
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"&lt;?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"iso-8859-1\"?&gt;\n"
"&lt;deviceinfo version=\"0.2\"&gt;\n"
"  &lt;device&gt;\n"
"    &lt;match key=\"info.capabilities\" contains=\"input.keyboard\"&gt;\n"
"\t  &lt;merge key=\"input.x11_options.XkbModel\" type=\"string\"&gt;pc102&lt;/merge&gt;\n"
"\t  &lt;merge key=\"input.x11_options.XkbLayout\" type=\"string\"&gt;fr&lt;/merge&gt;\n"
"    &lt;/match&gt;\n"
"  &lt;/device&gt;\n"
"&lt;/deviceinfo&gt;"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:12440
msgid ""
"If this file already exists, just copy and add to your file the lines "
"regarding the keyboard configuration."
msgstr "若這個檔案已經存在，只需要複製並貼上您的檔案中有關鍵盤設定的那幾行。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:12443
msgid ""
"You will have to reboot your machine to force <application>hald</"
"application> to read this file."
msgstr ""
"您會需要重新啟動您的機器來讓 <application>hald</application> 讀取這個檔案。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:12446
msgid ""
"It is possible to do the same configuration from an X terminal or a script "
"with this command line:"
msgstr "也是可以從 X 終端機或 Script 下指令來做同樣的設定："

#. (itstool) path: note/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12449
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>setxkbmap -model pc102 -layout fr</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:12451
msgid ""
"<filename>/usr/local/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst</filename> lists the "
"various keyboard, layouts and options available."
msgstr ""
"<filename>/usr/local/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst</filename> 中列出了各種可用"
"的鍵盤、配置與設定。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:12456
msgid "<primary><application>Xorg</application> tuning</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12459
msgid ""
"The <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> configuration file may now be tuned "
"to taste. Open the file in a text editor such as <citerefentry vendor=\"ports"
"\"><refentrytitle>emacs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ee</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If the monitor is an "
"older or unusual model that does not support autodetection of sync "
"frequencies, those settings can be added to <filename>xorg.conf.new</"
"filename> under the <literal>\"Monitor\"</literal> section:"
msgstr ""
"現在可以開始調整 <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> 設定檔，在文字編輯器如 "
"<citerefentry vendor=\"ports\"><refentrytitle>emacs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 或 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ee</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 開啟該設定檔。若顯示器是不支援自動偵測同步頻率 (Sync "
"frequency) 的舊或特殊的型號，同步頻率的設定可以手動加到 <filename>xorg.conf."
"new</filename> 的 <literal>\"Monitor\"</literal> section："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12467
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section \"Monitor\"\n"
"\tIdentifier   \"Monitor0\"\n"
"\tVendorName   \"Monitor Vendor\"\n"
"\tModelName    \"Monitor Model\"\n"
"\tHorizSync    30-107\n"
"\tVertRefresh  48-120\n"
"EndSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12475
msgid ""
"Most monitors support sync frequency autodetection, making manual entry of "
"these values unnecessary. For the few monitors that do not support "
"autodetection, avoid potential damage by only entering values provided by "
"the manufacturer."
msgstr ""
"多數顯示器都支援自動偵測同步頻率，並不需要手動設定這些數值。對於那些不支援自"
"動偵測的顯示器，請輸入由製造商提供的數值來避免損壞顯示器。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12481
msgid ""
"X allows DPMS (Energy Star) features to be used with capable monitors. The "
"<citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xset</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> program controls the "
"time-outs and can force standby, suspend, or off modes. If you wish to "
"enable DPMS features for your monitor, you must add the following line to "
"the monitor section:"
msgstr ""
"X 允許在支援的顯示器使用 DPMS (Energy Star) 功能，<citerefentry vendor="
"\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 程式可以控制逾時並可強制待機 (Standby)、暫停 (Suspend) 或關閉 "
"(Off) 模式。若您想要為您的顯示器開啟 DPMS 功能，您需要加入下行到顯示器 "
"(Monitor) 的 Section："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12487
#, no-wrap
msgid "Option       \"DPMS\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:12489
msgid "<primary><filename>xorg.conf</filename></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12493
msgid ""
"While the <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> configuration file is still "
"open in an editor, select the default resolution and color depth desired. "
"This is defined in the <literal>\"Screen\"</literal> section:"
msgstr ""
"在編輯器還未關閉 <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> 設定檔前，選擇想要使用的"
"預設解析度及色彩深度。這些項目可在 <literal>\"Screen\"</literal> section 定"
"義："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12498
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section \"Screen\"\n"
"\tIdentifier \"Screen0\"\n"
"\tDevice     \"Card0\"\n"
"\tMonitor    \"Monitor0\"\n"
"\tDefaultDepth 24\n"
"\tSubSection \"Display\"\n"
"\t\tViewport  0 0\n"
"\t\tDepth     24\n"
"\t\tModes     \"1024x768\"\n"
"\tEndSubSection\n"
"EndSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12510
msgid ""
"The <literal>DefaultDepth</literal> keyword describes the color depth to run "
"at by default. This can be overridden with the <option>-depth</option> "
"command line switch to <citerefentry vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>Xorg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The <literal>Modes</"
"literal> keyword describes the resolution to run at for the given color "
"depth. Note that only VESA standard modes are supported as defined by the "
"target system's graphics hardware. In the example above, the default color "
"depth is twenty-four bits per pixel. At this color depth, the accepted "
"resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels."
msgstr ""
"<literal>DefaultDepth</literal> 關鍵字代表預設執行要使用的色彩深度，這個設定"
"可以被 <citerefentry vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>Xorg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的指令列參數 <option>-"
"depth</option> 覆蓋。<literal>Modes</literal> 關鍵字代表執行要使用的解析度，"
"注意，只有 VESA 標準模式才支援目標系統的繪圖硬體來定義解析度。在上述的例子"
"中，預設使用的色彩深度為每像素 24 bit，這個色彩深度可用的解析度為 1024 x 768 "
"像素。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12521
msgid ""
"Finally, write the configuration file and test it using the test mode given "
"above."
msgstr "最後，儲存設定檔並使用測試模式來測試上述的設定。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:12525
msgid ""
"One of the tools available to assist you during troubleshooting process are "
"the <application>Xorg</application> log files, which contain information on "
"each device that the <application>Xorg</application> server attaches to. "
"<application>Xorg</application> log file names are in the format of "
"<filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename>. The exact name of the log can vary "
"from <filename>Xorg.0.log</filename> to <filename>Xorg.8.log</filename> and "
"so forth."
msgstr ""
"有一個工具可以協助您診斷問題，那就是 <application>Xorg</application> 日誌檔。"
"該日誌檔中記錄了 <application>Xorg</application> 連接的每個裝置的資訊。"
"<application>Xorg</application> 記錄檔名稱的格式為 <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0."
"log</filename>，確切的記錄檔名會可能從 <filename>Xorg.0.log</filename> 到 "
"<filename>Xorg.8.log</filename> 以此類推。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12537
msgid ""
"If all is well, the configuration file needs to be installed in a common "
"location where <citerefentry vendor=\"xorg\"><refentrytitle>Xorg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> can find it. This is "
"typically <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> or <filename>/usr/local/"
"etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>."
msgstr ""
"若一且運作正常，設定檔需要安裝到 <citerefentry vendor=\"xorg"
"\"><refentrytitle>Xorg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 會尋找的常用設定檔位置，通常是 <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</"
"filename> 或 <filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12542
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cp xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12544
msgid ""
"The <application>Xorg</application> configuration process is now complete. "
"<application>Xorg</application> may be now started with the <citerefentry "
"vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>startx</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> utility. The <application>Xorg</application> "
"server may also be started with the use of <citerefentry vendor="
"\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"現在已經完成了 <application>Xorg</application> 的設定程序。"
"<application>Xorg</application> 現在可以使用 <citerefentry vendor="
"\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>startx</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 工具啟動。<application>Xorg</application> 伺服器也可以使用 "
"<citerefentry vendor=\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>xdm</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來啟動。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:12551
msgid ""
"Configuration with <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> "
"<literal>i810</literal> Graphics Chipsets"
msgstr ""
"設定 <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> <literal>i810</"
"literal> 繪圖晶片組"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:12554
msgid "<primary>Intel i810 graphic chipset</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12558
msgid ""
"Configuration with <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> i810 "
"integrated chipsets requires the <filename>agpgart</filename> AGP "
"programming interface for <application>Xorg</application> to drive the card. "
"See the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>agp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> driver manual page for more information."
msgstr ""
"要設定 <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> i810 整合晶片組需要"
"使用 <filename>agpgart</filename> AGP 程式介面來控制 <application>Xorg</"
"application> 驅動該顯示卡。請參考 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>agp</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> 驅動程式操作手冊來取得"
"更多詳細資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12564
msgid ""
"This will allow configuration of the hardware as any other graphics board. "
"Note on systems without the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>agp</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> driver compiled in the "
"kernel, trying to load the module with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kldload</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> will not work. This "
"driver has to be in the kernel at boot time through being compiled in or "
"using <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>."
msgstr ""
"這也可讓您可以設定任何其他繪圖卡的硬體。注意，在未編譯 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>agp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 到核心的系統，並無法使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kldload</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來載入該模組，因此驅動"
"程式必須在開機時便在核心啟動，所以需要透過編譯或使用 <filename>/boot/loader."
"conf</filename> 來載入。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:12573
msgid "Adding a Widescreen Flatpanel to the Mix"
msgstr "加入寬螢幕平板顯示器到設定檔"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:12575
msgid "<primary>widescreen flatpanel configuration</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12579
msgid ""
"This section assumes a bit of advanced configuration knowledge. If attempts "
"to use the standard configuration tools above have not resulted in a working "
"configuration, there is information enough in the log files to be of use in "
"getting the setup working. Use of a text editor will be necessary."
msgstr ""
"此章節會需要有一些進階的設定知識，若嘗試使用上述的標準設定工具仍無法產生可運"
"作的設定，在日誌檔中應有足夠的資訊可運用來讓顯示卡運作。在此會需要使用文字編"
"輯器。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12586
msgid ""
"Current widescreen (WSXGA, WSXGA+, WUXGA, WXGA, WXGA+, et.al.) formats "
"support 16:10 and 10:9 formats or aspect ratios that can be problematic. "
"Examples of some common screen resolutions for 16:10 aspect ratios are:"
msgstr ""
"目前使用寬螢幕 (WSXGA, WSXGA+, WUXGA, WXGA, WXGA+, et.al.) 格式支援的 16:10 "
"及 10:9 格式或其他的寬高比可會有問題。例如一些 16:10 寬高比常見的螢幕解析度："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:12593
msgid "2560x1600"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:12597
msgid "1920x1200"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:12601
msgid "1680x1050"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:12605
msgid "1440x900"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:12609
msgid "1280x800"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12613
msgid ""
"At some point, it will be as easy as adding one of these resolutions as a "
"possible <literal>Mode</literal> in the <literal>Section \"Screen\"</"
"literal> as such:"
msgstr ""
"在某些時候，可以簡單的將這些要使用的解析度以 <literal>Mode</literal>  加入"
"到  Section \"Screen\"："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12617
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section \"Screen\"\n"
"Identifier \"Screen0\"\n"
"Device     \"Card0\"\n"
"Monitor    \"Monitor0\"\n"
"DefaultDepth 24\n"
"SubSection \"Display\"\n"
"\tViewport  0 0\n"
"\tDepth     24\n"
"\tModes     \"1680x1050\"\n"
"EndSubSection\n"
"EndSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12629
msgid ""
"<application>Xorg</application> is smart enough to pull the resolution "
"information from the widescreen via I2C/DDC information so it knows what the "
"monitor can handle as far as frequencies and resolutions."
msgstr ""
"<application>Xorg</application> 能夠從寬螢幕設定取得解析度資訊 (透過 I2C/"
"DDC)，因此能夠知道螢幕能處理的頻率及解析度。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12634
msgid ""
"If those <literal>ModeLines</literal> do not exist in the drivers, one might "
"need to give <application>Xorg</application> a little hint. Using <filename>/"
"var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename> one can extract enough information to manually "
"create a <literal>ModeLine</literal> that will work. Simply look for "
"information resembling this:"
msgstr ""
"若驅動程式中不存在那些螢幕能處理的 <literal>ModeLines</literal>，則需要給 "
"<application>Xorg</application> 一點提示。透過 <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0."
"log</filename> 可以取得足夠的資訊來手動建立可運作的 <literal>ModeLine</"
"literal>。只需要在日誌檔中找到類似以下的訊息："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12642
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(II) MGA(0): Supported additional Video Mode:\n"
"(II) MGA(0): clock: 146.2 MHz   Image Size:  433 x 271 mm\n"
"(II) MGA(0): h_active: 1680  h_sync: 1784  h_sync_end 1960 h_blank_end 2240 h_border: 0\n"
"(II) MGA(0): v_active: 1050  v_sync: 1053  v_sync_end 1059 v_blanking: 1089 v_border: 0\n"
"(II) MGA(0): Ranges: V min: 48  V max: 85 Hz, H min: 30  H max: 94 kHz, PixClock max 170 MHz"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12648
msgid ""
"This information is called EDID information. Creating a <literal>ModeLine</"
"literal> from this is just a matter of putting the numbers in the correct "
"order:"
msgstr ""
"這些資訊稱作 EDID 資訊，使用 EDIT 資訊建立 <literal>ModeLine</literal> 只需要"
"將數據使用正確的順序放入："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12652
#, no-wrap
msgid "ModeLine &lt;name&gt; &lt;clock&gt; &lt;4 horiz. timings&gt; &lt;4 vert. timings&gt;"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12654
msgid ""
"So that the <literal>ModeLine</literal> in <literal>Section \"Monitor\"</"
"literal> for this example would look like this:"
msgstr ""
"將資訊放入之後，本例中 <literal>Section \"Monitor\"</literal> 中的 "
"<literal>ModeLine</literal> 會看起來像這樣："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:12658
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section \"Monitor\"\n"
"Identifier      \"Monitor1\"\n"
"VendorName      \"Bigname\"\n"
"ModelName       \"BestModel\"\n"
"ModeLine        \"1680x1050\" 146.2 1680 1784 1960 2240 1050 1053 1059 1089\n"
"Option          \"DPMS\"\n"
"EndSection"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12666
msgid ""
"Now having completed these simple editing steps, X should start on your new "
"widescreen monitor."
msgstr "便完成編輯的步驟，接著需要在您的寬螢幕顯示器啟動 X。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:12671
msgid "Troubleshooting Compiz Fusion"
msgstr "Compiz Fusion 疑難排解"

#. (itstool) path: question/para
#: book.translate.xml:12676
msgid ""
"I have installed <application>Compiz Fusion</application>, and after running "
"the commands you mention, my windows are left without title bars and "
"buttons. What is wrong?"
msgstr ""
"我已經安裝了 <application>Compiz Fusion</application>，但在執行了您所提到的指"
"令後，我的視窗的標題列與按鈕便消失了。是那裡有問題?"

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: book.translate.xml:12684
msgid ""
"You are probably missing a setting in <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</"
"filename>. Review this file carefully and check especially the "
"<literal>DefaultDepth</literal> and <literal>AddARGBGLXVisuals</literal> "
"directives."
msgstr ""
"您可能忘記在 <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> 中的設定。請重新檢查這個"
"檔案，特別是 <literal>DefaultDepth</literal> 及 <literal>AddARGBGLXVisuals</"
"literal> 指令項。"

#. (itstool) path: question/para
#: book.translate.xml:12695
msgid ""
"When I run the command to start <application>Compiz Fusion</application>, "
"the X server crashes and I am back at the console. What is wrong?"
msgstr ""
"當我執行指令來啟動 <application>Compiz Fusion</application>，X 伺服器便當掉"
"了，然後我又返回 Console。是那裡有問題?"

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: book.translate.xml:12702
msgid ""
"If you check <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename>, you will probably "
"find error messages during the X startup. The most common would be:"
msgstr ""
"若您檢查 <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename>，您可能可以找到當 X 啟動時"
"所發生的錯誤訊息。最常發生的錯誤會是："

#. (itstool) path: answer/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12707
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(EE) NVIDIA(0):     Failed to initialize the GLX module; please check in your X\n"
"(EE) NVIDIA(0):     log file that the GLX module has been loaded in your X\n"
"(EE) NVIDIA(0):     server, and that the module is the NVIDIA GLX module.  If\n"
"(EE) NVIDIA(0):     you continue to encounter problems, Please try\n"
"(EE) NVIDIA(0):     reinstalling the NVIDIA driver."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: book.translate.xml:12713
msgid ""
"This is usually the case when you upgrade <application>Xorg</application>. "
"You will need to reinstall the <package>x11/nvidia-driver</package> package "
"so glx is built again."
msgstr ""
"會發生這個情形通常是因為您升級了 <application>Xorg</application>，您需要重新"
"安裝 <package>x11/nvidia-driver</package> 套件來重新編譯 glx。"

#. (itstool) path: part/title
#: book.translate.xml:12727
msgid "Common Tasks"
msgstr "一般作業"

#. (itstool) path: partintro/para
#: book.translate.xml:12730
msgid ""
"Now that the basics have been covered, this part of the book discusses some "
"frequently used features of FreeBSD. These chapters:"
msgstr ""
"既然基礎的部分已經提過了，接下來的這個部分將會討論一些常會用到的 FreeBSD 的特"
"色，這些章節包括："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:12736
msgid ""
"Introduce popular and useful desktop applications: browsers, productivity "
"tools, document viewers, and more."
msgstr "介紹給您常見且實用的桌面應用軟體：瀏覽器、辦工工具、文件閱覽程式等。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:12742
msgid "Introduce a number of multimedia tools available for FreeBSD."
msgstr "介紹給您眾多 FreeBSD 上可用的多媒體工具。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:12747
msgid ""
"Explain the process of building a customized FreeBSD kernel to enable extra "
"functionality."
msgstr "解釋如何編譯量身訂做的 FreeBSD 核心以增加額外系統功能的流程。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:12752
msgid ""
"Describe the print system in detail, both for desktop and network-connected "
"printer setups."
msgstr "詳細描述列印系統，包含桌上型印表機及網路印表機的設定。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:12757
msgid "Show how to run Linux applications on the FreeBSD system."
msgstr "展示給您看如何在您的 FreeBSD 系統中執行 Linux 應用軟體。"

#. (itstool) path: partintro/para
#: book.translate.xml:12762
msgid ""
"Some of these chapters recommend prior reading, and this is noted in the "
"synopsis at the beginning of each chapter."
msgstr "這些章節中有些需要您預先閱讀些相關文件，在各章節開頭的概要內會提及。"

#. (itstool) path: chapter/title
#: book.translate.xml:12785
msgid "Desktop Applications"
msgstr "桌面應用程式"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12790
msgid ""
"While FreeBSD is popular as a server for its performance and stability, it "
"is also suited for day-to-day use as a desktop. With over 24,000 "
"applications available as FreeBSD packages or ports, it is easy to build a "
"customized desktop that runs a wide variety of desktop applications. This "
"chapter demonstrates how to install numerous desktop applications, including "
"web browsers, productivity software, document viewers, and financial "
"software."
msgstr ""
"隨著 FreeBSD 優越的效能及穩定性越來越熱門，它同時適合作為每日使用的桌面系統。"
"FreeBSD 套件或 Port 有超過 24,000 個可用的應用程式，可以簡單的建立一個自訂的"
"桌面環境來執行各種不同的桌面應用程式。本章將示範如何安裝數個桌面應用程式，包"
"含網頁瀏覽器、辦工軟體、文件閱覽程式以及財務軟體。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:12800
msgid ""
"Users who prefer to install a pre-built desktop version of FreeBSD rather "
"than configuring one from scratch should refer to the <link xlink:href="
"\"http://www.trueos.org/\">trueos.org website.</link>"
msgstr ""
"比起重頭設定與編譯，較偏好使用 FreeBSD 桌面環境已預先編譯好版本的使用者可參"
"考 <link xlink:href=\"http://www.trueos.org/\">trueos.org 網站</link>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12807
msgid "Readers of this chapter should know how to:"
msgstr "在閱讀這章之前，你必須了解如何："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:12811
msgid ""
"Install additional software using packages or ports as described in <xref "
"linkend=\"ports\"/>."
msgstr "使用套件或 Port 安裝其他軟體如 <xref linkend=\"ports\"/> 所敘述。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:12816
msgid "Install X and a window manager as described in <xref linkend=\"x11\"/>."
msgstr "安狀 X 與視窗管理程式如 <xref linkend=\"x11\"/> 所敘述。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12821
msgid ""
"For information on how to configure a multimedia environment, refer to <xref "
"linkend=\"multimedia\"/>."
msgstr ""
"要取得有關如何設定多媒體環境的資訊，請參考 <xref linkend=\"multimedia\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:12826
msgid "Browsers"
msgstr "瀏覽器"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:12828
msgid "<primary>browsers</primary> <secondary>web</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12833
msgid ""
"FreeBSD does not come with a pre-installed web browser. Instead, the <link "
"xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/www.html\">www</link> category of "
"the Ports Collection contains many browsers which can be installed as a "
"package or compiled from the Ports Collection."
msgstr ""
"在 FreeBSD 中並未預先安裝好網頁瀏覽器。 但在 Port 套件集中的 <link xlink:"
"href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/www.html\">www</link> 分類中有許多瀏覽器"
"可以採 Binary 套件安裝或自 Port 套件集編譯的方式安裝。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12839
msgid ""
"The <application>KDE</application> and <application>GNOME</application> "
"desktop environments include their own HTML browser. Refer to <xref linkend="
"\"x11-wm\"/> for more information on how to set up these complete desktops."
msgstr ""
"<application>KDE</application> 和 <application>GNOME</application> 桌面環境都"
"有提供自有的 HTML 瀏覽器。請參考 <xref linkend=\"x11-wm\"/> 來了解更多有關如"
"何設定完整桌面環境的資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12845
msgid ""
"Some lightweight browsers include <package>www/dillo2</package>, "
"<package>www/links</package>, and <package>www/w3m</package>."
msgstr ""
"有一些輕量化的瀏覽器可使用，包含 <package>www/dillo2</package>, <package>www/"
"links</package> 以及 <package>www/w3m</package>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:12849
msgid ""
"This section demonstrates how to install the following popular web browsers "
"and indicates if the application is resource-heavy, takes time to compile "
"from ports, or has any major dependencies."
msgstr ""
"本章節將示範如何安裝下列常見的網頁瀏覽器並說明該應用程式是否需要用到大量資"
"源、花費大量時間自 Port 編譯或何主要的相依套件。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:12858 book.translate.xml:13085 book.translate.xml:13395
#: book.translate.xml:13619
msgid "Application Name"
msgstr "應用程式名稱"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:12859 book.translate.xml:13086 book.translate.xml:13396
#: book.translate.xml:13620
msgid "Resources Needed"
msgstr "所需資源"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:12860 book.translate.xml:13087 book.translate.xml:13397
#: book.translate.xml:13621
msgid "Installation from Ports"
msgstr "自 Port 安裝時間"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:12861 book.translate.xml:17048 book.translate.xml:65141
msgid "Notes"
msgstr "說明"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:12867
msgid "<application>Firefox</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:12868 book.translate.xml:12883 book.translate.xml:12891
msgid "medium"
msgstr "中"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:12869 book.translate.xml:12884 book.translate.xml:12892
#: book.translate.xml:13096 book.translate.xml:13111 book.translate.xml:13118
#: book.translate.xml:13435 book.translate.xml:13630 book.translate.xml:13637
#: book.translate.xml:13644
msgid "heavy"
msgstr "多"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:12870
msgid ""
"FreeBSD, <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark>, and localized "
"versions are available"
msgstr ""
"有 FreeBSD 、 <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> 及在地化版本"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:12875
msgid "<application>Opera</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:12876 book.translate.xml:12877 book.translate.xml:13095
#: book.translate.xml:13102 book.translate.xml:13103 book.translate.xml:13110
#: book.translate.xml:13405 book.translate.xml:13406 book.translate.xml:13412
#: book.translate.xml:13413 book.translate.xml:13419 book.translate.xml:13420
#: book.translate.xml:13427 book.translate.xml:13428 book.translate.xml:13434
#: book.translate.xml:13629 book.translate.xml:13636 book.translate.xml:13643
msgid "light"
msgstr "少"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:12878
msgid ""
"FreeBSD and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> versions are "
"available"
msgstr "有 FreeBSD 、 <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> 版本"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:12882
msgid "<application>Konqueror</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:12885
msgid "Requires <application>KDE</application> libraries"
msgstr "需要 <application>KDE</application> 程式庫"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:12890
msgid "<application>Chromium</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:12893
msgid "Requires <application>Gtk+</application>"
msgstr "需要 <application>Gtk+</application> 程式庫"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:12900
msgid "Firefox"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:12902
msgid "<primary><application>Firefox</application></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12906
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<application>Firefox</application> is an open source browser that features a "
"standards-compliant HTML display engine, tabbed browsing, popup blocking, "
"extensions, improved security, and more. <application>Firefox</application> "
"is based on the <application>Mozilla</application> codebase."
msgstr ""
"<application>Firefox</application> 是一套已完整植到 FreeBSD 的開放源始碼瀏覽"
"器，它具備符合 HTML 標準的顯示引擎、頁籤瀏覽、彈出視窗封鎖、擴充套件、強化安"
"全性及其他更多功能。<application>Firefox</application> 的基礎使用了 "
"<application>Mozilla</application> 的程式庫。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12913
msgid ""
"To install the package of the latest release version of "
"<application>Firefox</application>, type:"
msgstr "要安裝最新釋出版本的 <application>Firefox</application> 套件可輸入："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12916
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install firefox</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12918
msgid ""
"To instead install <application>Firefox</application> Extended Support "
"Release (ESR) version, use:"
msgstr ""
"要安裝延長支援發佈 (Extended Support Release, ESR) 版本的 "
"<application>Firefox</application>，可使用："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12921
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install firefox-esr</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12923
msgid ""
"Localized versions are available in <package>www/firefox-i18n</package> and "
"<package>www/firefox-esr-i18n</package>."
msgstr ""
"在地化的版本可在 <package>www/firefox-i18n</package> 及 <package>www/firefox-"
"esr-i18n</package> 取得。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12927
msgid ""
"The Ports Collection can instead be used to compile the desired version of "
"<application>Firefox</application> from source code. This example builds "
"<package>www/firefox</package>, where <literal>firefox</literal> can be "
"replaced with the ESR or localized version to install."
msgstr ""
"使用 Port 套件地可以用原始碼編譯成您想要的 <application>Firefox</"
"application> 版本。此範例編譯 <package>www/firefox</package>，其中 "
"<literal>firefox</literal> 可替換為 ESR 或在地化版本來安裝。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12934
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/www/firefox</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:12939
msgid "Opera"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:12941
msgid "<primary><application>Opera</application></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12945
msgid ""
"<application>Opera</application> is a full-featured and standards-compliant "
"browser which is still lightweight and fast. It comes with a built-in mail "
"and news reader, an IRC client, an RSS/Atom feeds reader, and more. It is "
"available as a native FreeBSD version and as a version that runs under "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> emulation."
msgstr ""
"<application>Opera</application> 是個具備完整功能、符合標準且輕量、執行速度快"
"的瀏覽器。 它同時也具備了內建的郵件、新聞閱讀器、IRC 客戶端、RSS/Atom 來源閱"
"讀器等。 可用的版本有兩種原生的 FreeBSD 版本及 <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">Linux</trademark> 模擬模式下執行的版本。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12952
msgid ""
"This command installs the package of the FreeBSD version of "
"<application>Opera</application>. Replace <literal>opera</literal> with "
"<literal>linux-opera</literal> to instead install the <trademark class="
"\"registered\">Linux</trademark> version."
msgstr ""
"以下指令可安裝 FreeBSD Binary 套件版本的 Opera，替換 <literal>opera</"
"literal> 為 <literal>linux-opera</literal> 則可改安裝 <trademark class="
"\"registered\">Linux</trademark> 版本。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12957
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install opera</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12959
msgid ""
"Alternately, install either version through the Ports Collection. This "
"example compiles the native version:"
msgstr "或者，可安裝 Port 套件集中的版本，以下範例會編譯原生的版本。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12962
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/www/opera</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12965
msgid ""
"To install the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> version, "
"substitute <literal>linux-opera</literal> in place of <literal>opera</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""
"要安裝 <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> 則替換 "
"<literal>opera</literal> 為 <literal>linux-opera</literal>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12969
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To install <trademark class=\"registered\">Adobe</trademark> <trademark "
"class=\"registered\">Flash</trademark> plugin support, first compile the "
"<package role=\"port\">www/linux-flashplayer</package> port. Licensing "
"restrictions prevent making a package available. Then install <package role="
"\"port\">www/opera-linuxplugins</package>. This example compiles both "
"applications from ports:"
msgstr ""
"要安裝 <trademark class=\"registered\">Adobe</trademark> <trademark class="
"\"registered\">Flash</trademark> 附加元件，需先編譯 <package role=\"port"
"\">www/linux-c6-flashplugin11</package> Port，因受到授權條款限制無法事先做為 "
"Binary 套件。然後安裝 <package role=\"port\">www/opera-linuxplugins</"
"package>。以下範例示範編譯 Port 中的這兩個應用程式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:12975
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/www/linux-flashplayer</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/www/opera-linuxplugins</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12980
msgid ""
"Once installed, check the presence of the plugin by starting the browser, "
"entering <literal>opera:plugins</literal> in the location bar and pressing "
"<keycap>Enter</keycap>. A list should appear with all the currently "
"available plugins."
msgstr ""
"安裝完成後，開啟瀏覽器檢查附加元件是否存在，在網址列輸入 <literal>opera:"
"plugins</literal> 並按下 <keycap>Enter</keycap> 鍵，便會有清單顯示目前可用的"
"附加元件。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12986
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To add the <application><trademark>Java</trademark></application> plugin, "
"follow install <package role=\"port\">java/icedtea-web</package>."
msgstr ""
"若要安裝 <application><trademark>Java</trademark></application> 附加元件請依"
"照 <xref linkend=\"moz-java-plugin\"/> 中的指示。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:12992
msgid "Konqueror"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:12994
msgid "<primary><application>Konqueror</application></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:12998
msgid ""
"<application>Konqueror</application> is more than a web browser as it is "
"also a file manager and a multimedia viewer. It is included in the "
"<package>x11/kde4-baseapps</package> package or port."
msgstr ""
"<application>Konqueror</application> 不只是個網頁瀏覽器， 它同時也是檔案管理"
"器和多媒體瀏覽器。它包含在 <package>x11/kde4-baseapps</package> 套件或 Port "
"中。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13003
msgid ""
"<application>Konqueror</application> supports WebKit as well as its own "
"KHTML. WebKit is a rendering engine used by many modern browsers including "
"Chromium. To use WebKit with <application>Konqueror</application> on "
"FreeBSD, install the <package>www/kwebkitpart</package> package or port. "
"This example installs the package:"
msgstr ""
"<application>Konqueror</application> 使用支援 WebKit 以及它自有的 KTHML。"
"WebKit  是一套被許多現代瀏覽器所使用的繪圖引擎，包含 Chromium。要在 FreeBSD "
"的 <application>Konqueror</application> 使用 WebKit 需安裝 <package>www/"
"kwebkitpart</package> 套件或 Port。此範例示範使用 Binary 套件安裝："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13010
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install kwebkitpart</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13012
msgid "To install from the Ports Collection:"
msgstr "從 Port 套件集安裝："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13014
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/www/kwebkitpart</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13017
msgid ""
"To enable WebKit within <application>Konqueror</application>, click "
"<quote>Settings</quote>, <quote>Configure Konqueror</quote>. In the "
"<quote>General</quote> settings page, click the drop-down menu next to "
"<quote>Default web browser engine</quote> and change <quote>KHTML</quote> to "
"<quote>WebKit</quote>."
msgstr ""
"要啟動 <application>Konqueror</application> 中的 WebKit 點選 "
"<quote>Settings</quote>、<quote>Configure Konqueror</quote>。在 "
"<quote>General</quote> 設定頁面內點選 <quote>Default web browser engine</"
"quote> 旁的下拉示選單並變更 <quote>KHTML</quote> 為 <quote>WebKit</quote>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13025
msgid ""
"<application>Konqueror</application> also supports <application><trademark "
"class=\"registered\">Flash</trademark></application>. A <quote>How To</"
"quote> guide for getting <application><trademark class=\"registered\">Flash</"
"trademark></application> support on <application>Konqueror</application> is "
"available at <uri xlink:href=\"http://freebsd.kde.org/howtos/konqueror-flash."
"php\">http://freebsd.kde.org/howtos/konqueror-flash.php</uri>."
msgstr ""
"<application>Konqueror</application> 也支援 <application><trademark class="
"\"registered\">Flash</trademark></application>，<quote>如何</quote>在 "
"<application>Konqueror</application> 上安裝 <application><trademark class="
"\"registered\">Flash</trademark></application> 的說明可參考 <uri xlink:href="
"\"http://freebsd.kde.org/howtos/konqueror-flash.php\">http://freebsd.kde.org/"
"howtos/konqueror-flash.php</uri>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:13032
msgid "Chromium"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13034
msgid "<primary><application>Chromium</application></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13038
msgid ""
"<application>Chromium</application> is an open source browser project that "
"aims to build a safer, faster, and more stable web browsing experience. "
"<application>Chromium</application> features tabbed browsing, popup "
"blocking, extensions, and much more. <application>Chromium</application> is "
"the open source project upon which the Google Chrome web browser is based."
msgstr ""
"<application>Chromium</application> 是一個開放源始碼的瀏覽器計劃，該計劃的目"
"標是要建立一個安全、快速且更穩定的網頁瀏覽體驗。<application>Chromium</"
"application> 的功能有頁籤式瀏覽、彈出視窗封鎖、擴充套件等等。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13046
msgid ""
"<application>Chromium</application> can be installed as a package by typing:"
msgstr "<application>Chromium</application> 可以使用套件來安裝，只要輸入："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13049
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install chromium</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13051
msgid ""
"Alternatively, <application>Chromium</application> can be compiled from "
"source using the Ports Collection:"
msgstr "或者可從 Port 套件集的原始碼編譯 <application>Chromium</application>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13054
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/www/chromium</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:13058
msgid ""
"The executable for <application>Chromium</application> is <filename>/usr/"
"local/bin/chrome</filename>, not <filename>/usr/local/bin/chromium</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""
"<application>Chromium</application> 的執行檔為 <filename>/usr/local/bin/"
"chrome</filename>，並非 <filename>/usr/local/bin/chromium</filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:13066
msgid "Productivity"
msgstr "辦工工具"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:13068
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When it comes to productivity, users often look for an office suite or an "
"easy-to-use word processor. While some <link linkend=\"x11-wm\">desktop "
"environments</link> like <application>KDE</application> provide an office "
"suite, there is no default productivity package. Several office suites and "
"graphical word processors are available for FreeBSD, regardless of the "
"installed window manager."
msgstr ""
"當開始進行辦公，新的使用者通常會去找好用的辦公室軟體或是好上手的文件處理程"
"式。 雖然有些 <link linkend=\"x11-wm\">桌面環境</link> 像是 "
"<application>KDE</application> 已經提供了辦公軟體組合的套件，FreeBSD 預設未提"
"供任何辦工工具。 不論是否有安裝視窗管理程式，FreeBSD 可安裝多套辦公軟體以及圖"
"型化文件處理程式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:13076
msgid ""
"This section demonstrates how to install the following popular productivity "
"software and indicates if the application is resource-heavy, takes time to "
"compile from ports, or has any major dependencies."
msgstr ""
"本章節元範如何安裝以下熱門的辦工軟體以及說明該應用程式所需的資源、自 Port 編"
"譯的時間或者是否有其他主要相依套件。"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13088 book.translate.xml:13398 book.translate.xml:13622
msgid "Major Dependencies"
msgstr "主要相依套件"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13094
msgid "<application>Calligra</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13097 book.translate.xml:13436 book.translate.xml:13645
msgid "<application>KDE</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13101
msgid "<application>AbiWord</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13104 book.translate.xml:13421
msgid "<application>Gtk+</application> or <application>GNOME</application>"
msgstr "<application>Gtk+</application> 或 <application>GNOME</application>"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13109
msgid "<application>The Gimp</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13112 book.translate.xml:13429
msgid "<application>Gtk+</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13116
msgid "<application>Apache OpenOffice</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13119 book.translate.xml:13127
msgid "huge"
msgstr "非常多"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13120
msgid ""
"<application><trademark>JDK</trademark></application> and "
"<application>Mozilla</application>"
msgstr ""
"<application><trademark>JDK</trademark></application> 及 "
"<application>Mozilla</application>"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13125
msgid "<application>LibreOffice</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13126
msgid "somewhat heavy"
msgstr "有點多"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13128
msgid ""
"<application>Gtk+</application>, or <application>KDE</application>/ "
"<application>GNOME</application>, or <application><trademark>JDK</"
"trademark></application>"
msgstr ""
"<application>Gtk+</application> 或 <application>KDE</application>/ "
"<application>GNOME</application> 或 <application><trademark>JDK</trademark></"
"application>"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:13138
msgid "Calligra"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13140
msgid "<primary><application>Calligra</application></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13143
msgid ""
"<primary>office suite</primary> <secondary><application>Calligra</"
"application></secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13148
msgid ""
"The KDE desktop environment includes an office suite which can be installed "
"separately from <application>KDE</application>. <application>Calligra</"
"application> includes standard components that can be found in other office "
"suites. <application>Words</application> is the word processor, "
"<application>Sheets</application> is the spreadsheet program, "
"<application>Stage</application> manages slide presentations, and "
"<application>Karbon</application> is used to draw graphical documents."
msgstr ""
"KDE 桌面環境中內含辦公軟體可以與 <application>KDE</application> 分開安裝。"
"<application>Calligra</application> 中也有可在其他辦公軟體中找到的標準元件，"
"如 <application>Words</application> 是文件處理程式、<application>Sheets</"
"application> 是試算表程式、<application>Stage</application> 可管理投影片以及 "
"<application>Karbon</application> 用來繪製圖型文件。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13159
msgid ""
"In FreeBSD, <package>editors/calligra</package> can be installed as a "
"package or a port. To install the package:"
msgstr ""
"在 FreeBSD 中 <package>editors/calligra</package> 可以使用套件或 Port 的方式"
"安裝，要使用套件安裝："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13163
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install calligra</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13165
msgid "If the package is not available, use the Ports Collection instead:"
msgstr "若沒有可用的套件，可改使用 Port 套件集安裝："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13168
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/calligra</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:13173
msgid "AbiWord"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13175
msgid "<primary><application>AbiWord</application></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13179
msgid ""
"<application>AbiWord</application> is a free word processing program similar "
"in look and feel to <application><trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</"
"trademark> Word</application>. It is fast, contains many features, and is "
"user-friendly."
msgstr ""
"<application>AbiWord</application> 是一個免費的文件處理軟體，外觀和感覺都近似"
"於 <application><trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark> Word</"
"application>。 它非常快速，包含了許多功能而且非常容易上手。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13184
msgid ""
"<application>AbiWord</application> can import or export many file formats, "
"including some proprietary ones like <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">Microsoft</trademark> <filename>.rtf</filename>."
msgstr ""
"<application>AbiWord</application> 可以輸入或輸出許多檔案格式， 包括一些有專"
"用的格式，例如 <trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark> "
"<filename>.rtf</filename> 格式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13188
msgid "To install the <application>AbiWord</application> package:"
msgstr ""
"要安裝 <application>AbiWord</application> Binary 套件，可使用下列指令："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13191
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install abiword</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13193
msgid ""
"If the package is not available, it can be compiled from the Ports "
"Collection:"
msgstr "若沒有 Binary 套件版本，也可以從 Port 套件集中編譯安裝："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13196
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/abiword</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:13201
msgid "The GIMP"
msgstr "The GIMP"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13203
msgid "<primary><application>The GIMP</application></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13207
msgid ""
"For image authoring or picture retouching, <application>The GIMP</"
"application> provides a sophisticated image manipulation program. It can be "
"used as a simple paint program or as a quality photo retouching suite. It "
"supports a large number of plugins and features a scripting interface. "
"<application>The GIMP</application> can read and write a wide range of file "
"formats and supports interfaces with scanners and tablets."
msgstr ""
"對於影像的編輯及修改來說，<application>The GIMP</application> 是非常精緻的影"
"像處理軟體。 它可以當作簡單的繪圖軟體或是高品質的相片處理軟體。 它支援為數眾"
"多的外掛程式及指令稿 (script-fu) 介面。 <application>The GIMP</application> "
"可以讀寫許多檔案格式。 它也支援掃描器和手寫板。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13216
msgid "To install the package:"
msgstr "要安裝套件可："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13218
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install gimp</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13220
msgid "Alternately, use the Ports Collection:"
msgstr "或使用 Port 套件集安裝："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13222
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13225
msgid ""
"The graphics category (<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/"
"graphics.html\">freebsd.org/ports/graphics.html</link>) of the Ports "
"Collection contains several <application>GIMP</application>-related plugins, "
"help files, and user manuals."
msgstr ""
"在 Port 套件集的 graphics 分類 (<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/"
"ports/graphics.html\">freebsd.org/ports/graphics.html</link>) 下也包含了許多 "
"<application>GIMP</application> 相關的附加元件，說明檔及使用手冊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:13233
msgid "Apache OpenOffice"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13235
msgid "<primary> <application>Apache OpenOffice</application> </primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13240
msgid ""
"<primary>office suite</primary> <secondary> <application>Apache OpenOffice</"
"application> </secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13247
msgid ""
"<application>Apache OpenOffice</application> is an open source office suite "
"which is developed under the wing of the Apache Software Foundation's "
"Incubator. It includes all of the applications found in a complete office "
"productivity suite: a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation manager, and "
"drawing program. Its user interface is similar to other office suites, and "
"it can import and export in various popular file formats. It is available in "
"a number of different languages and internationalization has been extended "
"to interfaces, spell checkers, and dictionaries."
msgstr ""
"<application>Apache OpenOffice</application> 是開放原始碼的辦工室軟體，由 "
"Apache Software Foundation's Incubator 底下的團隊所開發。 它包含了所有完整的"
"辦公軟體組合： 文字處理器、試算表、簡報軟體還有繪圖軟體。 除了它的使用者介面"
"非常類似其他的辦公軟體， 他還能夠輸入和輸出許多熱門的檔案格式。 它也包含了不"
"同語言的使用者介面、拼字檢查和字典。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13258
msgid ""
"The word processor of <application>Apache OpenOffice</application> uses a "
"native XML file format for increased portability and flexibility. The "
"spreadsheet program features a macro language which can be interfaced with "
"external databases. <application>Apache OpenOffice</application> is stable "
"and runs natively on <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark>, "
"<trademark>Solaris</trademark>, <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</"
"trademark>, FreeBSD, and <trademark class=\"registered\">Mac OS</"
"trademark> X. More information about <application>Apache OpenOffice</"
"application> can be found at <link xlink:href=\"http://openoffice.org/"
"\">openoffice.org</link>. For FreeBSD specific information refer to <link "
"xlink:href=\"http://porting.openoffice.org/freebsd/\">porting.openoffice.org/"
"freebsd/</link>."
msgstr ""
"<application>Apache OpenOffice</application> 的文字處理器使用原生的 XML 檔案"
"格式來增加移植性及彈性。 試算表程式支援巨集 (Macro) 功能而且能夠使用外來的資"
"料庫介面。 <application>Apache OpenOffice</application> 已經十分穩定， 並且能"
"夠在 <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark>, "
"<trademark>Solaris</trademark>, <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</"
"trademark>, FreeBSD 及 <trademark class=\"registered\">Mac OS</trademark> X "
"等作業系統上面執行。 想知道更多關於 <application>Apache OpenOffice</"
"application> 的資訊可以在 <link xlink:href=\"http://openoffice.org/"
"\">openoffice.org</link> 網頁上查詢。在 FreeBSD 特定的資訊可參考 <link xlink:"
"href=\"http://porting.openoffice.org/freebsd/\">porting.openoffice.org/"
"freebsd/</link>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13269
msgid "To install the <application>Apache OpenOffice</application> package:"
msgstr "要安裝 <application>Apache OpenOffice</application> 套件："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13272
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install apache-openoffice</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13274
msgid ""
"Once the package is installed, type the following command to launch "
"<application>Apache OpenOffice</application>:"
msgstr ""
"當套件安裝完成之後，只要輸入下面的指令就能執行 <application>Apache "
"OpenOffice</application>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13277
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>openoffice-<replaceable>X.Y.Z</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13279
msgid ""
"where <replaceable>X.Y.Z</replaceable> is the version number of the "
"installed version of <application>Apache OpenOffice</application>. The first "
"time <application>Apache OpenOffice</application> launches, some questions "
"will be asked and a <filename>.openoffice.org</filename> folder will be "
"created in the user's home directory."
msgstr ""
"其中 <replaceable>X.Y.Z</replaceable> 是已安裝的 <application>Apache "
"OpenOffice</application> 的版本編號。第一次執行 <application>Apache "
"OpenOffice</application> 會詢問一些問題且會在使用者的家目錄建立一個 "
"<filename>.openoffice.org</filename> 資料夾。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13287
msgid ""
"If the desired <application>Apache OpenOffice</application> package is not "
"available, compiling the port is still an option. However, this requires a "
"lot of disk space and a fairly long time to compile:"
msgstr ""
"若無法由套件取得想要的 <application>Apache OpenOffice</application>，仍可選擇"
"從 Port 編譯。 不過必須注意：編譯的過程會需要大量的磁碟空間與時間："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13292
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/openoffice-4</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:13296
msgid "To build a localized version, replace the previous command with:"
msgstr "如果想要編譯在地化的版本，將前面的指令替換成為："

#. (itstool) path: note/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13299
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make LOCALIZED_LANG=<replaceable>your_language</replaceable> install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:13301
msgid ""
"Replace <replaceable>your_language</replaceable> with the correct language "
"ISO-code. A list of supported language codes is available in <filename>files/"
"Makefile.localized</filename>, located in the port's directory."
msgstr ""
"替換 <replaceable>your_language</replaceable> 為正確的語言 ISO 編碼。支援的語"
"言編碼清單在 <filename>files/Makefile.localized</filename>，位於該 Port 的目"
"錄。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:13311
msgid "LibreOffice"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13313
msgid "<primary><application>LibreOffice</application></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13316
msgid ""
"<primary>office suite</primary> <secondary><application>LibreOffice</"
"application></secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13321
msgid ""
"<application>LibreOffice</application> is a free software office suite "
"developed by <link xlink:href=\"http://www.documentfoundation.org/"
"\">documentfoundation.org</link>. It is compatible with other major office "
"suites and available on a variety of platforms. It is a rebranded fork of "
"<application>Apache OpenOffice</application> and includes applications found "
"in a complete office productivity suite: a word processor, spreadsheet, "
"presentation manager, drawing program, database management program, and a "
"tool for creating and editing mathematical formulæ. It is available in a "
"number of different languages and internationalization has been extended to "
"interfaces, spell checkers, and dictionaries."
msgstr ""
"<application>LibreOffice</application> 是一套自由的辦公軟體由 <link xlink:"
"href=\"http://www.documentfoundation.org/\">documentfoundation.org</link> 所"
"開發。它可相容其他主流的辦公軟體以及可在各種平台上使用。它是 "
"<application>Apache OpenOffice</application> 品牌重塑後的分支，含有可在完整辦"
"公生產力軟體中找到的應用程式：文件處理程式、試算表、簡報管理程式、繪圖程式、"
"資料庫管理程式以及建立與編輯數學公式的工具。它也支援數種語言與國際化一直延伸"
"到介面、拼字檢查程式與字典。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13334
msgid ""
"The word processor of <application>LibreOffice</application> uses a native "
"XML file format for increased portability and flexibility. The spreadsheet "
"program features a macro language which can be interfaced with external "
"databases. <application>LibreOffice</application> is stable and runs "
"natively on <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark>, <trademark "
"class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark>, FreeBSD, and <trademark class="
"\"registered\">Mac OS</trademark> X. More information about "
"<application>LibreOffice</application> can be found at <link xlink:href="
"\"http://www.libreoffice.org/\">libreoffice.org</link>."
msgstr ""
"<application>LibreOffice</application> 的文件處理程式使用了原生的 XML 檔案格"
"式來增加可攜性與彈性，試算表程式支援可與外部資料庫連接的巨集語言。"
"<application>LibreOffice</application> 非常穩定且可直接在 <trademark class="
"\"registered\">Windows</trademark>, <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</"
"trademark>, FreeBSD 以及 <trademark class=\"registered\">Mac OS</"
"trademark> X 上執行。更多有關 <application>LibreOffice</application> 的資訊可"
"在 <link xlink:href=\"http://www.libreoffice.org/\">libreoffice.org</link> 找"
"到。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13344
msgid ""
"To install the English version of the <application>LibreOffice</application> "
"package:"
msgstr "要安裝英文版本的 <application>LibreOffice</application> 套件："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13347
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install libreoffice</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13349
msgid ""
"The editors category (<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/"
"editors.html\">freebsd.org/ports/editors.html</link>) of the Ports "
"Collection contains several localizations for <application>LibreOffice</"
"application>. When installing a localized package, replace "
"<literal>libreoffice</literal> with the name of the localized package."
msgstr ""
"Port 套件集的編輯器分類 (<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/"
"editors.html\">freebsd.org/ports/editors.html</link>) 中含有數個 "
"<application>LibreOffice</application> 的語系。安裝在地化套件時，請替換 "
"<literal>libreoffice</literal> 為在地化套件的名稱。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13355
msgid ""
"Once the package is installed, type the following command to run "
"<application>LibreOffice</application>:"
msgstr ""
"套件安裝之後，輸入以下指令來執行 <application>LibreOffice</application>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13358
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>libreoffice</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13360
msgid ""
"During the first launch, some questions will be asked and a <filename>."
"libreoffice</filename> folder will be created in the user's home directory."
msgstr ""
"第一次啟動的過程中會詢問一些問題並在使用者的家目錄建立 <filename>."
"libreoffice</filename> 資料夾。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13364
msgid ""
"If the desired <application>LibreOffice</application> package is not "
"available, compiling the port is still an option. However, this requires a "
"lot of disk space and a fairly long time to compile. This example compiles "
"the English version:"
msgstr ""
"若找不到想使用的 <application>LibreOffice</application> 套件，也可從 Port 編"
"譯，但這會要大量的磁碟空間及漫長的時間編譯。以下例子示範編譯英文版本："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13370
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/libreoffice</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:13374
msgid ""
"To build a localized version, <command>cd</command> into the port directory "
"of the desired language. Supported languages can be found in the editors "
"category (<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/editors.html"
"\">freebsd.org/ports/editors.html</link>) of the Ports Collection."
msgstr ""
"要編譯在地化版本，則需 <command>cd</command> 進入想要的語言 Port 目錄。支援的"
"語言可在 Port 套件集的編輯器分類 (<link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/"
"ports/editors.html\">freebsd.org/ports/editors.html</link>) 中找到。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:13384
msgid "Document Viewers"
msgstr "文件閱覽程式"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:13386
msgid ""
"Some new document formats have gained popularity since the advent of "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> and the viewers they "
"require may not be available in the base system. This section demonstrates "
"how to install the following document viewers:"
msgstr ""
"<trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> 出現之後，有一些新的文件格式"
"才越來越熱門，這些文件所需的檢視程式可能並不在基礎系統中。本節將示範如何安裝"
"以下文件檢視程式："

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13404
msgid "<application>Xpdf</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13407
msgid "<application>FreeType</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:13411 book.translate.xml:13476
msgid "<application>gv</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13414
msgid "<application>Xaw3d</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13418
msgid "<application>Geeqie</application>"
msgstr "<application>Geeqie</application>"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13426
msgid "<application>ePDFView</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13433
msgid "<application>Okular</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:13443
msgid "Xpdf"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13445
msgid "<primary><application>Xpdf</application></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13448 book.translate.xml:13481 book.translate.xml:13547
msgid "<primary>PDF</primary> <secondary>viewing</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13453
msgid ""
"For users that prefer a small FreeBSD PDF viewer, <application>Xpdf</"
"application> provides a light-weight and efficient viewer which requires few "
"resources. It uses the standard X fonts and does not require any additional "
"toolkits."
msgstr ""
"如果你想要一個小型的 FreeBSD PDF 閱覽軟體， <application>Xpdf</application> "
"是個輕量級而且有效率的閱覽器。 它只需要非常少的資源而且十分穩定。 它只使用標"
"準的 X 字型且不需要額外的工具包(Toolkit)。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13459
msgid "To install the <application>Xpdf</application> package:"
msgstr "安裝 <application>Xpdf</application> 套件："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13462
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install xpdf</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13464 book.translate.xml:13534 book.translate.xml:13679
#: book.translate.xml:13713 book.translate.xml:13746
msgid "If the package is not available, use the Ports Collection:"
msgstr "若沒有可用的套件版本，可使用 Port 套件集安裝："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13467
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/graphics/xpdf</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13470
msgid ""
"Once the installation is complete, launch <command>xpdf</command> and use "
"the right mouse button to activate the menu."
msgstr "完成安裝後，執行 <command>xpdf</command> 並使用滑鼠右鍵開啟選單。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13478
msgid "<primary><application>gv</application></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13485
msgid "<primary>PostScript</primary> <secondary>viewing</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13490
msgid ""
"<application>gv</application> is a <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">PostScript</trademark> and PDF viewer. It is based on "
"<application>ghostview</application>, but has a nicer look as it is based on "
"the <application>Xaw3d</application> widget toolkit. <application>gv</"
"application> has many configurable features, such as orientation, paper "
"size, scale, and anti-aliasing. Almost any operation can be performed with "
"either the keyboard or the mouse."
msgstr ""
"<application>gv</application> 是 <trademark class=\"registered\">PostScript</"
"trademark> 和 PDF 的閱覽器。 它建構於 <application>ghostview</application> 的"
"基礎上，不過因為使用 <application>Xaw3d</application> 視窗元件工具包，所以外"
"觀看起來比較漂亮。 <application>gv</application> 有許多可設定的功能，比如說紙"
"張方向、紙張大小、縮放比例、和反鋸齒(Anti-aliasing)等。 而且幾乎所有的使用都"
"可以從鍵盤或滑鼠來完成。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13499
msgid "To install <application>gv</application> as a package:"
msgstr "安裝 <application>gv</application> 套件："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13502
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install gv</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13504 book.translate.xml:13566 book.translate.xml:13596
msgid "If a package is unavailable, use the Ports Collection:"
msgstr "若沒有可用的套件版本，可使用 Port 套件集安裝："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13507
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/print/gv</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:13512
msgid "Geeqie"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13514
msgid "<primary><application>Geeqie</application></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><application>Geeqie</application></primary>"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13518
msgid ""
"<application>Geeqie</application> is a fork from the unmaintained "
"<application>GQView</application> project, in an effort to move development "
"forward and integrate the existing patches. <application>Geeqie</"
"application> is an image manager which supports viewing a file with a single "
"click, launching an external editor, and thumbnail previews. It also "
"features a slideshow mode and some basic file operations, making it easy to "
"manage image collections and to find duplicate files. <application>Geeqie</"
"application> supports full screen viewing and internationalization."
msgstr ""
"<application>Geeqie</application> 是由已經停止維護的 <application>GQView</"
"application> 專案所衍伸出來的分支，並致力開發新功能並整合已有的修補。"
"<application>Geeqie</application> 是一套影像管理軟體，支援單鍵閱覽檔案、啟動"
"外部編輯器、縮圖預覽等功能。 它也有幻燈片模式及一些基本的檔案操作的功能，能輕"
"鬆的管理大量影像並找出重複的檔案。 <application>Geeqie</application> 也支援使"
"用全螢幕閱覽以及國際化。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13529
msgid "To install the <application>Geeqie</application> package:"
msgstr "安裝 <application>Geeqie</application> 套件："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13532
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install geeqie</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13537
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/graphics/geeqie</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:13542
msgid "ePDFView"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13544
msgid "<primary><application>ePDFView</application></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13552
msgid ""
"<application>ePDFView</application> is a lightweight <acronym>PDF</acronym> "
"document viewer that only uses the <application>Gtk+</application> and "
"<application>Poppler</application> libraries. It is currently under "
"development, but already opens most <acronym>PDF</acronym> files (even "
"encrypted), save copies of documents, and has support for printing using "
"<application>CUPS</application>."
msgstr ""
"<application>ePDFView</application> 是一套小巧的 <acronym>PDF</acronym> 文件"
"檢視程式，只使用了 <application>Gtk+</application> 與 <application>Poppler</"
"application> 程式庫。它目前還在開發當中，但已經可以開啟大部份 <acronym>PDF</"
"acronym> 檔案 (甚至是加密過的)、儲存文件複本以及支援使用 <application>CUPS</"
"application> 來列印。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13561
msgid "To install <application>ePDFView</application> as a package:"
msgstr "要以套件安裝 <application>ePDFView</application>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13564
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install epdfview</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13569
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/graphics/epdfview</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:13574
msgid "Okular"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13576
msgid "<primary><application>Okular</application></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13579
msgid ""
"<primary><acronym>PDF</acronym></primary> <secondary>viewing</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13584
msgid ""
"<application>Okular</application> is a universal document viewer based on "
"<application>KPDF</application> for <application>KDE</application>. It can "
"open many document formats, including <acronym>PDF</acronym>, <trademark "
"class=\"registered\">PostScript</trademark>, DjVu, <acronym>CHM</acronym>, "
"<acronym>XPS</acronym>, and ePub."
msgstr ""
"<application>Okular</application> 是一套通用的文件檢視程式，以 "
"<application>KDE</application> 的 <application>KPDF</application> 為基礎。它"
"可以開啟許多種文件格式，包含了 <acronym>PDF</acronym>, <trademark class="
"\"registered\">PostScript</trademark>, DjVu, <acronym>CHM</acronym>, "
"<acronym>XPS</acronym> 以及 ePub。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13591
msgid "To install <application>Okular</application> as a package:"
msgstr "要以套件安裝 <application>Okular</application>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13594
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install okular</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13599
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/graphics/okular</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:13605
msgid "Finance"
msgstr "財務"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:13607
msgid ""
"For managing personal finances on a FreeBSD desktop, some powerful and easy-"
"to-use applications can be installed. Some are compatible with widespread "
"file formats, such as the formats used by <application>Quicken</application> "
"and <application>Excel</application>."
msgstr ""
"如果有任何理由你想要在你的 FreeBSD 桌面環境上管理你的個人財務， 這裡有一些功"
"能強大、使用簡單的應用程式可供安裝。 這些財務管理軟體之中有些是相容於流行的 "
"<application>Quicken</application> 或 <application>Excel</application> 文件。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:13613
msgid "This section covers these programs:"
msgstr "這節涵蓋了下面這些軟體："

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13628
msgid "<application>GnuCash</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13631 book.translate.xml:13638
msgid "<application>GNOME</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13635
msgid "<application>Gnumeric</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:13642
msgid "<application>KMyMoney</application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:13652
msgid "GnuCash"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13654
msgid "<primary><application>GnuCash</application></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13658
msgid ""
"<application>GnuCash</application> is part of the <application>GNOME</"
"application> effort to provide user-friendly, yet powerful, applications to "
"end-users. <application>GnuCash</application> can be used to keep track of "
"income and expenses, bank accounts, and stocks. It features an intuitive "
"interface while remaining professional."
msgstr ""
"<application>GnuCash</application> 是 <application>GNOME</application> 團隊努"
"力成果中的一部分， <application>GNOME</application> 團隊主要提供親切而強大的"
"桌面應用程式給終端使用者。使用 <application>GnuCash</application> 可以持續追"
"蹤收入與花費、銀行帳戶以及股票證券等。 它的特性是介面直覺但功能仍非常專業。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13666
msgid ""
"<application>GnuCash</application> provides a smart register, a hierarchical "
"system of accounts, and many keyboard accelerators and auto-completion "
"methods. It can split a single transaction into several more detailed "
"pieces. <application>GnuCash</application> can import and merge "
"<application>Quicken</application> QIF files. It also handles most "
"international date and currency formats."
msgstr ""
"<application>GnuCash</application> 提供了智慧的計數器、多階層帳戶系統以及快速"
"鍵及自動完成功能。 它也能分開單一的報表至數個詳細的部份。 "
"<application>GnuCash</application> 也能夠匯入及合併 <application>Quicken</"
"application> QIF 檔案。 它也能處理大部分國際的日期及通用貨幣之格式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13674
msgid "To install the <application>GnuCash</application> package:"
msgstr "安裝 <application>GnuCash</application> 套件："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13677
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install gnucash</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13682
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/finance/gnucash</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:13687
msgid "Gnumeric"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13689
msgid "<primary><application>Gnumeric</application></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13692
msgid ""
"<primary>spreadsheet</primary> <secondary><application>Gnumeric</"
"application></secondary>"
msgstr ""
"<primary>試算表</primary> <secondary><application>Gnumeric</application></"
"secondary>"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13697
msgid ""
"<application>Gnumeric</application> is a spreadsheet program developed by "
"the <application>GNOME</application> community. It features convenient "
"automatic guessing of user input according to the cell format with an "
"autofill system for many sequences. It can import files in a number of "
"popular formats, including <application>Excel</application>, "
"<application>Lotus 1-2-3</application>, and <application>Quattro Pro</"
"application>. It has a large number of built-in functions and allows all of "
"the usual cell formats such as number, currency, date, time, and much more."
msgstr ""
"<application>Gnumeric</application> 是 <application>GNOME</application> 社群"
"所開發的試算表程式。 它的特點是擁有能夠根據儲存格格式 「猜出」使用者的輸入來"
"自動補齊的系統。 它也能夠匯入許多熱門的檔案格式，像是 <application>Excel</"
"application>, <application>Lotus 1-2-3</application> 以及 "
"<application>Quattro Pro</application>。 它有大量內建的函數而且能夠使用常用的"
"儲存格格式，像是：數字、貨幣、日期、時間及其他格式等。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13708
msgid "To install <application>Gnumeric</application> as a package:"
msgstr "安裝 <application>Gnumeric</application> 套件："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13711
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install gnumeric</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13716
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/math/gnumeric</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:13721
msgid "KMyMoney"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13723
msgid "<primary><application>KMyMoney</application></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13725
msgid ""
"<primary>spreadsheet</primary> <secondary><application>KMyMoney</"
"application></secondary>"
msgstr ""
"<primary>試算表</primary> <secondary><application>KMyMoney</application></"
"secondary>"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13730
msgid ""
"<application>KMyMoney</application> is a personal finance application "
"created by the <application>KDE</application> community. "
"<application>KMyMoney</application> aims to provide the important features "
"found in commercial personal finance manager applications. It also "
"highlights ease-of-use and proper double-entry accounting among its "
"features. <application>KMyMoney</application> imports from standard "
"<application>Quicken</application> QIF files, tracks investments, handles "
"multiple currencies, and provides a wealth of reports."
msgstr ""
"<application>KMyMoney</application> 是一套個人財務應用程式，由 "
"<application>KDE</application> 社群所開發。<application>KMyMoney</"
"application> 的目標是提供可在商業個人財務管理應用程式中找到的重要功能，它也強"
"調簡單易用及其功能間採用合適的複式記帳。<application>KMyMoney</application> "
"可從標準 <application>Quicken</application> QIF 檔案匯入資料、追蹤投資、處理"
"多種貨幣並提供財務報表。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13741
msgid "To install <application>KMyMoney</application> as a package:"
msgstr "要以套件安裝 <application>KMyMoney</application>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13744
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install kmymoney-kde4</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13749
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/finance/kmymoney-kde4</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:13764
msgid "Multimedia"
msgstr "多媒體"

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:13767
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Ross</firstname> <surname>Lippert</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Edited by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:13780
msgid ""
"FreeBSD supports a wide variety of sound cards, allowing users to enjoy high "
"fidelity output from a FreeBSD system. This includes the ability to record "
"and play back audio in the MPEG Audio Layer 3 (<acronym>MP3</acronym>), "
"Waveform Audio File (<acronym>WAV</acronym>), Ogg Vorbis, and other formats. "
"The FreeBSD Ports Collection contains many applications for editing recorded "
"audio, adding sound effects, and controlling attached MIDI devices."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 廣泛地支援各種音效卡， 讓使用者可以享受來自電腦上的高傳真音質(Hi-"
"Fi)， 此外還包括了錄製和播放 MPEG Audio Layer 3 (<acronym>MP3</acronym>)、 "
"Waveform Audio File (<acronym>WAV</acronym>)、Ogg Vorbis 以及其他許多種格式聲"
"音的能力。同時 FreeBSD Port 套件集也包含了許多可讓您可以錄音、編修音效以及控"
"制 MIDI 配備的應用程式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:13789
msgid ""
"FreeBSD also supports the playback of video files and <acronym>DVD</"
"acronym>s. The FreeBSD Ports Collection contains applications to encode, "
"convert, and playback various video media."
msgstr ""
" FreeBSD 也能播放一般的視訊檔和 <acronym>DVD</acronym>。 FreeBSD Port 套件集"
"中含有可編碼、轉換以及播放格種影像媒體的應用程式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:13794
msgid ""
"This chapter describes how to configure sound cards, video playback, TV "
"tuner cards, and scanners on FreeBSD. It also describes some of the "
"applications which are available for using these devices."
msgstr ""
"本章會說明如何設定 FreeBSD 上的音效卡、影像播放器、電視卡及掃描器。同時會說明"
"有那些應用程式可以使用這些裝置。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:13799
msgid "After reading this chapter, you will know how to:"
msgstr "讀完這章，您將了解："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:13803
msgid "Configure a sound card on FreeBSD."
msgstr "設定 FreeBSD 上的音效卡。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:13807
msgid "Troubleshoot the sound setup."
msgstr "音效設定疑難排解。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:13811
msgid "Playback and encode MP3s and other audio."
msgstr "播放、錄製 MP3 及其他聲音檔案格式。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:13815
msgid "Prepare a FreeBSD system for video playback."
msgstr "FreeBSD 系統播放影像的準備工具。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:13819
msgid ""
"Play <acronym>DVD</acronym>s, <filename>.mpg</filename>, and <filename>.avi</"
"filename> files."
msgstr ""
"播放 <acronym>DVD</acronym> 的 <filename>.mpg</filename> 及 <filename>.avi</"
"filename> 檔。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:13824
msgid ""
"Rip <acronym>CD</acronym> and <acronym>DVD</acronym> content into files."
msgstr ""
"擷取(Rip) <acronym>CD</acronym> 和 <acronym>DVD</acronym>的內容至檔案。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:13829
msgid "Configure a TV card."
msgstr "設定電視卡。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:13833
msgid "Install and setup MythTV on FreeBSD"
msgstr "在 FreeBSD 安裝 MythTV 。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:13837
msgid "Configure an image scanner."
msgstr "設定影像掃描機。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:13844
msgid ""
"Know how to install applications as described in <xref linkend=\"ports\"/>."
msgstr "知道如何安裝應用程式如 <xref linkend=\"ports\"/> 所敘述。"

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:13851
msgid "Setting Up the Sound Card"
msgstr "設定音效卡"

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:13854
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Moses</firstname> <surname>Moore</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:13864
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Marc</firstname> <surname>Fonvieille</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Enhanced by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13874
msgid "<primary>PCI</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13875
msgid "<primary>sound cards</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:13876
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Before beginning the configuration, determine the model of the sound card "
"and the chip it uses. FreeBSD supports a wide variety of sound cards. Check "
"the supported audio devices list of the <link xlink:href=\"https://www."
"FreeBSD.org/releases/12.0R/hardware.html\">Hardware Notes</link> to see if "
"the card is supported and which FreeBSD driver it uses."
msgstr ""
"開始設定之前，必須先知道你的音效卡型號、晶片為何。 FreeBSD 支援許多種音效卡，"
"請檢查支援的音效硬體表 <link xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/"
"releases/11.1R/hardware.html\">Hardware Notes</link>，以確認你的音效卡是否支"
"援以及如何在 FreeBSD 上驅動。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:13883
msgid "<primary>kernel</primary> <secondary>configuration</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:13888
msgid ""
"In order to use the sound device, its device driver must be loaded. The "
"easiest way is to load a kernel module for the sound card with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kldload</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>. This example loads the driver for a built-in "
"audio chipset based on the Intel specification:"
msgstr ""
"要使用音效裝置，必須要載入正確的驅動程式才行。最簡單方式就是以 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kldload</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來載入核心模組。以下範例示範載入 Intel 規格內建的音"
"效晶片驅動程式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13894
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>kldload snd_hda</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:13896
msgid ""
"To automate the loading of this driver at boot time, add the driver to "
"<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. The line for this driver is:"
msgstr ""
"要開機時自動載入驅動程式，需將驅動程式加到 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</"
"filename> 檔，以此驅動程式為例："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:13900
#, no-wrap
msgid "snd_hda_load=\"YES\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:13902
msgid ""
"Other available sound modules are listed in <filename>/boot/defaults/loader."
"conf</filename>. When unsure which driver to use, load the "
"<filename>snd_driver</filename> module:"
msgstr ""
"其他可用的音效卡模組清單列於 <filename>/boot/defaults/loader.conf</"
"filename>。當不確認要使用何種驅動程式時，可載入 <filename>snd_driver</"
"filename> 模組："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13907
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>kldload snd_driver</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:13909
msgid ""
"This is a metadriver which loads all of the most common sound drivers and "
"can be used to speed up the search for the correct driver. It is also "
"possible to load all sound drivers by adding the metadriver to <filename>/"
"boot/loader.conf</filename>."
msgstr ""
"它是 metadriver 會載入所有最通用的音效驅動程式並且用來加速尋找正確的驅動程"
"式。也可以把 metadriver 加入 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> 檔來載入"
"所有音效驅動程式。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:13915
msgid ""
"To determine which driver was selected for the sound card after loading the "
"<filename>snd_driver</filename> metadriver, type <command>cat /dev/sndstat</"
"command>."
msgstr ""
"要知道載入 <filename>snd_driver</filename> metadriver 後使用了那個音效卡驅動"
"程式，請輸入 <command>cat /dev/sndstat</command>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:13920
msgid "Configuring a Custom Kernel with Sound Support"
msgstr "設定自訂核心支援音效"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13922
msgid ""
"This section is for users who prefer to statically compile in support for "
"the sound card in a custom kernel. For more information about recompiling a "
"kernel, refer to <xref linkend=\"kernelconfig\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13926
msgid ""
"When using a custom kernel to provide sound support, make sure that the "
"audio framework driver exists in the custom kernel configuration file:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:13930
#, no-wrap
msgid "device sound"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13932
msgid ""
"Next, add support for the sound card. To continue the example of the built-"
"in audio chipset based on the Intel specification from the previous section, "
"use the following line in the custom kernel configuration file:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:13937
#, no-wrap
msgid "device snd_hda"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13939
msgid ""
"Be sure to read the manual page of the driver for the device name to use for "
"the driver."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13942
msgid ""
"Non-PnP ISA sound cards may require the IRQ and I/O port settings of the "
"card to be added to <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>. During the boot "
"process, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loader</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> reads this file and passes the settings to the "
"kernel. For example, an old Creative <trademark class=\"registered"
"\">SoundBlaster</trademark> 16 ISA non-PnP card will use the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>snd_sbc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> driver in conjunction with <literal>snd_sb16</"
"literal>. For this card, the following lines must be added to the kernel "
"configuration file:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:13952
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"device snd_sbc\n"
"device snd_sb16"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13955
msgid ""
"If the card uses the <literal>0x220</literal> I/O port and IRQ <literal>5</"
"literal>, these lines must also be added to <filename>/boot/device.hints</"
"filename>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:13959
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"hint.sbc.0.at=\"isa\"\n"
"hint.sbc.0.port=\"0x220\"\n"
"hint.sbc.0.irq=\"5\"\n"
"hint.sbc.0.drq=\"1\"\n"
"hint.sbc.0.flags=\"0x15\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13965
msgid ""
"The syntax used in <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> is described in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sound</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and the manual page for the driver of the sound card."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13969
msgid ""
"The settings shown above are the defaults. In some cases, the IRQ or other "
"settings may need to be changed to match the card. Refer to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>snd_sbc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information about this card."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:13976
msgid "Testing Sound"
msgstr "測試音效"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13978
msgid ""
"After loading the required module or rebooting into the custom kernel, the "
"sound card should be detected. To confirm, run <command>dmesg | grep pcm</"
"command>. This example is from a system with a built-in Conexant CX20590 "
"chipset:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13983
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"pcm0: &lt;NVIDIA (0x001c) (HDMI/DP 8ch)&gt; at nid 5 on hdaa0\n"
"pcm1: &lt;NVIDIA (0x001c) (HDMI/DP 8ch)&gt; at nid 6 on hdaa0\n"
"pcm2: &lt;Conexant CX20590 (Analog 2.0+HP/2.0)&gt; at nid 31,25 and 35,27 on hdaa1"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13987
msgid "The status of the sound card may also be checked using this command:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:13990
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cat /dev/sndstat</userinput>\n"
"FreeBSD Audio Driver (newpcm: 64bit 2009061500/amd64)\n"
"Installed devices:\n"
"pcm0: &lt;NVIDIA (0x001c) (HDMI/DP 8ch)&gt; (play)\n"
"pcm1: &lt;NVIDIA (0x001c) (HDMI/DP 8ch)&gt; (play)\n"
"pcm2: &lt;Conexant CX20590 (Analog 2.0+HP/2.0)&gt; (play/rec) default"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:13997
msgid ""
"The output will vary depending upon the sound card. If no <filename>pcm</"
"filename> devices are listed, double-check that the correct device driver "
"was loaded or compiled into the kernel. The next section lists some common "
"problems and their solutions."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14003
msgid ""
"If all goes well, the sound card should now work in FreeBSD. If the "
"<acronym>CD</acronym> or <acronym>DVD</acronym> drive is properly connected "
"to the sound card, one can insert an audio <acronym>CD</acronym> in the "
"drive and play it with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cdcontrol</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14009
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>cdcontrol -f /dev/acd0 play 1</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: warning/para
#: book.translate.xml:14012
msgid ""
"Audio <acronym>CD</acronym>s have specialized encodings which means that "
"they should not be mounted using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14017
msgid ""
"Various applications, such as <package>audio/workman</package>, provide a "
"friendlier interface. The <package>audio/mpg123</package> port can be "
"installed to listen to MP3 audio files."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14022
msgid ""
"Another quick way to test the card is to send data to <filename>/dev/dsp</"
"filename>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14025
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>cat <replaceable>filename</replaceable> &gt; /dev/dsp</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14027
msgid ""
"where <filename><replaceable>filename</replaceable></filename> can be any "
"type of file. This command should produce some noise, confirming that the "
"sound card is working."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:14033
msgid ""
"The <filename>/dev/dsp*</filename> device nodes will be created "
"automatically as needed. When not in use, they do not exist and will not "
"appear in the output of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:14041
msgid "Troubleshooting Sound"
msgstr "疑難排解音效"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:14043
msgid "<primary>device nodes</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:14044
msgid "<primary>I/O port</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:14045
msgid "<primary>IRQ</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:14046
msgid "<primary>DSP</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14048
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"multimedia-sound-common-error-messages\"/> lists some common "
"error messages and their solutions:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: table/title
#: book.translate.xml:14052
msgid "Common Error Messages"
msgstr "常見錯誤訊息"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:14057
msgid "Error"
msgstr "錯誤"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:14058
msgid "Solution"
msgstr "解決方式"

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:14064
msgid "<errorname>sb_dspwr(XX) timed out</errorname>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: entry/para
#: book.translate.xml:14066
msgid "The I/O port is not set correctly."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:14071
msgid "<errorname>bad irq XX</errorname>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: entry/para
#: book.translate.xml:14072
msgid ""
"The IRQ is set incorrectly. Make sure that the set IRQ and the sound IRQ are "
"the same."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:14078
msgid "<errorname>xxx: gus pcm not attached, out of memory</errorname>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: entry/para
#: book.translate.xml:14080
msgid "There is not enough available memory to use the device."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: book.translate.xml:14085
msgid "<errorname>xxx: can't open /dev/dsp!</errorname>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: entry/para
#: book.translate.xml:14087
msgid ""
"Type <command>fstat | grep dsp</command> to check if another application is "
"holding the device open. Noteworthy troublemakers are <application>esound</"
"application> and <application>KDE</application>'s sound support."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14098
msgid ""
"Modern graphics cards often come with their own sound driver for use with "
"<acronym>HDMI</acronym>. This sound device is sometimes enumerated before "
"the sound card meaning that the sound card will not be used as the default "
"playback device. To check if this is the case, run <application>dmesg</"
"application> and look for <literal>pcm</literal>. The output looks something "
"like this:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:14107
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"...\n"
"hdac0: HDA Driver Revision: 20100226_0142\n"
"hdac1: HDA Driver Revision: 20100226_0142\n"
"hdac0: HDA Codec #0: NVidia (Unknown)\n"
"hdac0: HDA Codec #1: NVidia (Unknown)\n"
"hdac0: HDA Codec #2: NVidia (Unknown)\n"
"hdac0: HDA Codec #3: NVidia (Unknown)\n"
"pcm0: &lt;HDA NVidia (Unknown) PCM #0 DisplayPort&gt; at cad 0 nid 1 on hdac0\n"
"pcm1: &lt;HDA NVidia (Unknown) PCM #0 DisplayPort&gt; at cad 1 nid 1 on hdac0\n"
"pcm2: &lt;HDA NVidia (Unknown) PCM #0 DisplayPort&gt; at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac0\n"
"pcm3: &lt;HDA NVidia (Unknown) PCM #0 DisplayPort&gt; at cad 3 nid 1 on hdac0\n"
"hdac1: HDA Codec #2: Realtek ALC889\n"
"pcm4: &lt;HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #0 Analog&gt; at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1\n"
"pcm5: &lt;HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #1 Analog&gt; at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1\n"
"pcm6: &lt;HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #2 Digital&gt; at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1\n"
"pcm7: &lt;HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digital&gt; at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1\n"
"..."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14125
msgid ""
"In this example, the graphics card (<literal>NVidia</literal>) has been "
"enumerated before the sound card (<literal>Realtek ALC889</literal>). To use "
"the sound card as the default playback device, change <varname>hw.snd."
"default_unit</varname> to the unit that should be used for playback:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14132
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sysctl hw.snd.default_unit=<replaceable>n</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14134
msgid ""
"where <literal>n</literal> is the number of the sound device to use. In this "
"example, it should be <literal>4</literal>. Make this change permanent by "
"adding the following line to <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:14140
#, no-wrap
msgid "hw.snd.default_unit=<replaceable>4</replaceable>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:14145
msgid "Utilizing Multiple Sound Sources"
msgstr "使用多個音效來源"

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:14148
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Munish</firstname> <surname>Chopra</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14158
msgid ""
"It is often desirable to have multiple sources of sound that are able to "
"play simultaneously. FreeBSD uses <quote>Virtual Sound Channels</quote> to "
"multiplex the sound card's playback by mixing sound in the kernel."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14163
msgid ""
"Three <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> knobs are available for configuring virtual "
"channels:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14166
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sysctl dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sysctl dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans=4</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sysctl hw.snd.maxautovchans=4</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14170
msgid ""
"This example allocates four virtual channels, which is a practical number "
"for everyday use. Both <varname>dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4</varname> and "
"<varname>dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans=4</varname> are configurable after a device "
"has been attached and represent the number of virtual channels "
"<filename>pcm0</filename> has for playback and recording. Since the "
"<filename>pcm</filename> module can be loaded independently of the hardware "
"drivers, <varname>hw.snd.maxautovchans</varname> indicates how many virtual "
"channels will be given to an audio device when it is attached. Refer to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pcm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> for more information."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:14183
msgid ""
"The number of virtual channels for a device cannot be changed while it is in "
"use. First, close any programs using the device, such as music players or "
"sound daemons."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14188
msgid ""
"The correct <filename>pcm</filename> device will automatically be allocated "
"transparently to a program that requests <filename>/dev/dsp0</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:14195
msgid "Setting Default Values for Mixer Channels"
msgstr "設定混音器頻道的預設值"

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:14198
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Josef</firstname> <surname>El-Rayes</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14208
msgid ""
"The default values for the different mixer channels are hardcoded in the "
"source code of the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pcm</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> driver. While sound "
"card mixer levels can be changed using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mixer</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> or third-party "
"applications and daemons, this is not a permanent solution. To instead set "
"default mixer values at the driver level, define the appropriate values in "
"<filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>, as seen in this example:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:14217
#, no-wrap
msgid "hint.pcm.0.vol=\"50\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14219
msgid ""
"This will set the volume channel to a default value of <literal>50</literal> "
"when the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pcm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> module is loaded."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:14227
msgid "MP3 Audio"
msgstr "MP3 音樂"

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:14230 book.translate.xml:59052
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Chern</firstname> <surname>Lee</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:14240
msgid ""
"This section describes some <acronym>MP3</acronym> players available for "
"FreeBSD, how to rip audio <acronym>CD</acronym> tracks, and how to encode "
"and decode <acronym>MP3</acronym>s."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:14246
msgid "MP3 Players"
msgstr "MP3 播放器"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14248
msgid ""
"A popular graphical <acronym>MP3</acronym> player is <application>Audacious</"
"application>. It supports <application>Winamp</application> skins and "
"additional plugins. The interface is intuitive, with a playlist, graphic "
"equalizer, and more. Those familiar with <application>Winamp</application> "
"will find <application>Audacious</application> simple to use. On FreeBSD, "
"<application>Audacious</application> can be installed from the "
"<package>multimedia/audacious</package> port or package. Audacious is a "
"descendant of XMMS."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14259
msgid ""
"The <package>audio/mpg123</package> package or port provides an alternative, "
"command-line <acronym>MP3</acronym> player. Once installed, specify the "
"<acronym>MP3</acronym> file to play on the command line. If the system has "
"multiple audio devices, the sound device can also be specified:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14265
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mpg123 <replaceable>-a /dev/dsp1.0 Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3</replaceable></userinput>\n"
"High Performance MPEG 1.0/2.0/2.5 Audio Player for Layers 1, 2 and 3\n"
"        version 1.18.1; written and copyright by Michael Hipp and others\n"
"        free software (LGPL) without any warranty but with best wishes\n"
"\n"
"Playing MPEG stream from Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3 ...\n"
"MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14273
msgid ""
"Additional <acronym>MP3</acronym> players are available in the FreeBSD Ports "
"Collection."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:14278
msgid "Ripping <acronym>CD</acronym> Audio Tracks"
msgstr "擷取 <acronym>CD</acronym> 音軌"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14280
msgid ""
"Before encoding a <acronym>CD</acronym> or <acronym>CD</acronym> track to "
"<acronym>MP3</acronym>, the audio data on the <acronym>CD</acronym> must be "
"ripped to the hard drive. This is done by copying the raw <acronym>CD</"
"acronym> Digital Audio (<acronym>CDDA</acronym>) data to <acronym>WAV</"
"acronym> files."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14287
msgid ""
"The <command>cdda2wav</command> tool, which is installed with the "
"<package>sysutils/cdrtools</package> suite, can be used to rip audio "
"information from <acronym>CD</acronym>s."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14292
msgid ""
"With the audio <acronym>CD</acronym> in the drive, the following command can "
"be issued as <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> to rip an "
"entire <acronym>CD</acronym> into individual, per track, <acronym>WAV</"
"acronym> files:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14298
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cdda2wav -D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable> -B</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14300
msgid ""
"In this example, the <option>-D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable></option> "
"indicates the <acronym>SCSI</acronym> device <filename>0,1,0</filename> "
"containing the <acronym>CD</acronym> to rip. Use <command>cdrecord -scanbus</"
"command> to determine the correct device parameters for the system."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14307
msgid "To rip individual tracks, use <option>-t</option> to specify the track:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14310
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cdda2wav -D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable> -t 7</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14312
msgid "To rip a range of tracks, such as track one to seven, specify a range:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14315
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cdda2wav -D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable> -t 1+7</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14317
msgid ""
"To rip from an <acronym>ATAPI</acronym> (<acronym>IDE</acronym>) "
"<acronym>CDROM</acronym> drive, specify the device name in place of the "
"<acronym>SCSI</acronym> unit numbers. For example, to rip track 7 from an "
"IDE drive:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14323
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cdda2wav -D <replaceable>/dev/acd0 -t 7</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14325
msgid ""
"Alternately, <command>dd</command> can be used to extract audio tracks on "
"<acronym>ATAPI</acronym> drives, as described in <xref linkend=\"duplicating-"
"audiocds\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:14331
msgid "Encoding and Decoding MP3s"
msgstr "MP3 編碼與解碼"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14333
msgid ""
"<application>Lame</application> is a popular <acronym>MP3</acronym> encoder "
"which can be installed from the <package>audio/lame</package> port. Due to "
"patent issues, a package is not available."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14338
msgid ""
"The following command will convert the ripped <acronym>WAV</acronym> file "
"<filename><replaceable>audio01.wav</replaceable></filename> to "
"<filename><replaceable>audio01.mp3</replaceable></filename>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14343
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>lame -h -b <replaceable>128</replaceable> --tt \"<replaceable>Foo Song Title</replaceable>\" --ta \"<replaceable>FooBar Artist</replaceable>\" --tl \"<replaceable>FooBar Album</replaceable>\" \\\n"
"--ty \"<replaceable>2014</replaceable>\" --tc \"<replaceable>Ripped and encoded by Foo</replaceable>\" --tg \"<replaceable>Genre</replaceable>\" <replaceable>audio01.wav audio01.mp3</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14346
msgid ""
"The specified 128 kbits is a standard <acronym>MP3</acronym> bitrate while "
"the 160 and 192 bitrates provide higher quality. The higher the bitrate, the "
"larger the size of the resulting <acronym>MP3</acronym>. The <option>-h</"
"option> turns on the <quote>higher quality but a little slower</quote> mode. "
"The options beginning with <option>--t</option> indicate <acronym>ID3</"
"acronym> tags, which usually contain song information, to be embedded within "
"the <acronym>MP3</acronym> file. Additional encoding options can be found in "
"the <application>lame</application> manual page."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14359
msgid ""
"In order to burn an audio <acronym>CD</acronym> from <acronym>MP3</"
"acronym>s, they must first be converted to a non-compressed file format. "
"<application>XMMS</application> can be used to convert to the <acronym>WAV</"
"acronym> format, while <application>mpg123</application> can be used to "
"convert to the raw Pulse-Code Modulation (<acronym>PCM</acronym>) audio data "
"format."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14367
msgid ""
"To convert <filename>audio01.mp3</filename> using <application>mpg123</"
"application>, specify the name of the <acronym>PCM</acronym> file:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14371
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mpg123 -s <replaceable>audio01.mp3</replaceable> &gt; <replaceable>audio01.pcm</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14373
msgid ""
"To use <application>XMMS</application> to convert a <acronym>MP3</acronym> "
"to <acronym>WAV</acronym> format, use these steps:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: procedure/title
#: book.translate.xml:14378
msgid ""
"Converting to <acronym>WAV</acronym> Format in <application>XMMS</"
"application>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:14382
msgid "Launch <application>XMMS</application>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:14386
msgid ""
"Right-click the window to bring up the <application>XMMS</application> menu."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:14391
msgid "Select <literal>Preferences</literal> under <literal>Options</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:14396
msgid "Change the Output Plugin to <quote>Disk Writer Plugin</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:14401
msgid "Press <literal>Configure</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:14405
msgid "Enter or browse to a directory to write the uncompressed files to."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:14410
msgid ""
"Load the <acronym>MP3</acronym> file into <application>XMMS</application> as "
"usual, with volume at 100% and EQ settings turned off."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:14416
msgid ""
"Press <literal>Play</literal>. The <application>XMMS</application> will "
"appear as if it is playing the <acronym>MP3</acronym>, but no music will be "
"heard. It is actually playing the <acronym>MP3</acronym> to a file."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:14424
msgid ""
"When finished, be sure to set the default Output Plugin back to what it was "
"before in order to listen to <acronym>MP3</acronym>s again."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14430
msgid ""
"Both the <acronym>WAV</acronym> and <acronym>PCM</acronym> formats can be "
"used with <application>cdrecord</application>. When using <acronym>WAV</"
"acronym> files, there will be a small tick sound at the beginning of each "
"track. This sound is the header of the <acronym>WAV</acronym> file. The "
"<package>audio/sox</package> port or package can be used to remove the "
"header:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14438
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>sox -t wav -r 44100 -s -w -c 2 <replaceable>track.wav track.raw</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14440
msgid ""
"Refer to <xref linkend=\"creating-cds\"/> for more information on using a "
"<acronym>CD</acronym> burner in FreeBSD."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:14448
msgid "Video Playback"
msgstr "影片播放"

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:14451
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Ross</firstname> <surname>Lippert</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:14461
msgid ""
"Before configuring video playback, determine the model and chipset of the "
"video card. While <application>Xorg</application> supports a wide variety of "
"video cards, not all provide good playback performance. To obtain a list of "
"extensions supported by the <application>Xorg</application> server using the "
"card, run <command>xdpyinfo</command> while <application>Xorg</application> "
"is running."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:14470
msgid ""
"It is a good idea to have a short MPEG test file for evaluating various "
"players and options. Since some <acronym>DVD</acronym> applications look for "
"<acronym>DVD</acronym> media in <filename>/dev/dvd</filename> by default, or "
"have this device name hardcoded in them, it might be useful to make a "
"symbolic link to the proper device:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14477
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>ln -sf /dev/cd0 /dev/dvd</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:14479
msgid ""
"Due to the nature of <citerefentry vendor=\"current\"><refentrytitle>devfs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, manually created "
"links will not persist after a system reboot. In order to recreate the "
"symbolic link automatically when the system boots, add the following line to "
"<filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:14484
#, no-wrap
msgid "link cd0 dvd"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:14486
msgid ""
"<acronym>DVD</acronym> decryption invokes certain functions that require "
"write permission to the <acronym>DVD</acronym> device."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:14490
msgid ""
"To enhance the shared memory <application>Xorg</application> interface, it "
"is recommended to increase the values of these "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> variables:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:14495
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"kern.ipc.shmmax=67108864\n"
"kern.ipc.shmall=32768"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:14499
msgid "Determining Video Capabilities"
msgstr "偵測影像處理能力"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:14501
msgid "<primary>XVideo</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:14502
msgid "<primary>SDL</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:14503
msgid "<primary>DGA</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14505
msgid ""
"There are several possible ways to display video under <application>Xorg</"
"application> and what works is largely hardware dependent. Each method "
"described below will have varying quality across different hardware."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14510
msgid "Common video interfaces include:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:14514
msgid "<application>Xorg</application>: normal output using shared memory."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:14519
msgid ""
"XVideo: an extension to the <application>Xorg</application> interface which "
"allows video to be directly displayed in drawable objects through a special "
"acceleration. This extension provides good quality playback even on low-end "
"machines. The next section describes how to determine if this extension is "
"running."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:14529
msgid ""
"<acronym>SDL</acronym>: the Simple Directmedia Layer is a porting layer for "
"many operating systems, allowing cross-platform applications to be developed "
"which make efficient use of sound and graphics. <acronym>SDL</acronym> "
"provides a low-level abstraction to the hardware which can sometimes be more "
"efficient than the <application>Xorg</application> interface. On FreeBSD, "
"<acronym>SDL</acronym> can be installed using the <package>devel/sdl20</"
"package> package or port."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:14541
msgid ""
"<acronym>DGA</acronym>: the Direct Graphics Access is an <application>Xorg</"
"application> extension which allows a program to bypass the "
"<application>Xorg</application> server and directly alter the framebuffer. "
"Because it relies on a low level memory mapping, programs using it must be "
"run as <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>. The <acronym>DGA</"
"acronym> extension can be tested and benchmarked using <citerefentry vendor="
"\"xfree86\"><refentrytitle>dga</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. When <command>dga</command> is running, it changes the colors "
"of the display whenever a key is pressed. To quit, press <keycap>q</keycap>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:14556
msgid "SVGAlib: a low level console graphics layer."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:14561
msgid "XVideo"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14563
msgid ""
"To check whether this extension is running, use <command>xvinfo</command>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14566
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>xvinfo</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14568
msgid "XVideo is supported for the card if the result is similar to:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14571
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"X-Video Extension version 2.2\n"
"  screen #0\n"
"  Adaptor #0: \"Savage Streams Engine\"\n"
"    number of ports: 1\n"
"    port base: 43\n"
"    operations supported: PutImage\n"
"    supported visuals:\n"
"      depth 16, visualID 0x22\n"
"      depth 16, visualID 0x23\n"
"    number of attributes: 5\n"
"      \"XV_COLORKEY\" (range 0 to 16777215)\n"
"              client settable attribute\n"
"              client gettable attribute (current value is 2110)\n"
"      \"XV_BRIGHTNESS\" (range -128 to 127)\n"
"              client settable attribute\n"
"              client gettable attribute (current value is 0)\n"
"      \"XV_CONTRAST\" (range 0 to 255)\n"
"              client settable attribute\n"
"              client gettable attribute (current value is 128)\n"
"      \"XV_SATURATION\" (range 0 to 255)\n"
"              client settable attribute\n"
"              client gettable attribute (current value is 128)\n"
"      \"XV_HUE\" (range -180 to 180)\n"
"              client settable attribute\n"
"              client gettable attribute (current value is 0)\n"
"    maximum XvImage size: 1024 x 1024\n"
"    Number of image formats: 7\n"
"      id: 0x32595559 (YUY2)\n"
"        guid: 59555932-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71\n"
"        bits per pixel: 16\n"
"        number of planes: 1\n"
"        type: YUV (packed)\n"
"      id: 0x32315659 (YV12)\n"
"        guid: 59563132-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71\n"
"        bits per pixel: 12\n"
"        number of planes: 3\n"
"        type: YUV (planar)\n"
"      id: 0x30323449 (I420)\n"
"        guid: 49343230-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71\n"
"        bits per pixel: 12\n"
"        number of planes: 3\n"
"        type: YUV (planar)\n"
"      id: 0x36315652 (RV16)\n"
"        guid: 52563135-0000-0000-0000-000000000000\n"
"        bits per pixel: 16\n"
"        number of planes: 1\n"
"        type: RGB (packed)\n"
"        depth: 0\n"
"        red, green, blue masks: 0x1f, 0x3e0, 0x7c00\n"
"      id: 0x35315652 (RV15)\n"
"        guid: 52563136-0000-0000-0000-000000000000\n"
"        bits per pixel: 16\n"
"        number of planes: 1\n"
"        type: RGB (packed)\n"
"        depth: 0\n"
"        red, green, blue masks: 0x1f, 0x7e0, 0xf800\n"
"      id: 0x31313259 (Y211)\n"
"        guid: 59323131-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71\n"
"        bits per pixel: 6\n"
"        number of planes: 3\n"
"        type: YUV (packed)\n"
"      id: 0x0\n"
"        guid: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000\n"
"        bits per pixel: 0\n"
"        number of planes: 0\n"
"        type: RGB (packed)\n"
"        depth: 1\n"
"        red, green, blue masks: 0x0, 0x0, 0x0"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14640
msgid ""
"The formats listed, such as YUV2 and YUV12, are not present with every "
"implementation of XVideo and their absence may hinder some players."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14644
msgid "If the result instead looks like:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14646
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"X-Video Extension version 2.2\n"
"screen #0\n"
"no adaptors present"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14650
msgid ""
"XVideo is probably not supported for the card. This means that it will be "
"more difficult for the display to meet the computational demands of "
"rendering video, depending on the video card and processor."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:14658
msgid "Ports and Packages Dealing with Video"
msgstr "可處理影像的 Port 與套件"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:14660
msgid "<primary>video ports</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:14661
msgid "<primary>video packages</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14663
msgid ""
"This section introduces some of the software available from the FreeBSD "
"Ports Collection which can be used for video playback."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:14668
msgid ""
"<application>MPlayer</application> and <application>MEncoder</application>"
msgstr ""
"<application>MPlayer</application> 與 <application>MEncoder</application>"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14671
msgid ""
"<application>MPlayer</application> is a command-line video player with an "
"optional graphical interface which aims to provide speed and flexibility. "
"Other graphical front-ends to <application>MPlayer</application> are "
"available from the FreeBSD Ports Collection."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:14677
msgid "<primary>MPlayer</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14679
msgid ""
"<application>MPlayer</application> can be installed using the "
"<package>multimedia/mplayer</package> package or port. Several compile "
"options are available and a variety of hardware checks occur during the "
"build process. For these reasons, some users prefer to build the port rather "
"than install the package."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14686
msgid ""
"When compiling the port, the menu options should be reviewed to determine "
"the type of support to compile into the port. If an option is not selected, "
"<application>MPlayer</application> will not be able to display that type of "
"video format. Use the arrow keys and spacebar to select the required "
"formats. When finished, press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to continue the port "
"compile and installation."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14695
msgid ""
"By default, the package or port will build the <command>mplayer</command> "
"command line utility and the <command>gmplayer</command> graphical utility. "
"To encode videos, compile the <package>multimedia/mencoder</package> port. "
"Due to licensing restrictions, a package is not available for "
"<application>MEncoder</application>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14702
msgid ""
"The first time <application>MPlayer</application> is run, it will create "
"<filename>~/.mplayer</filename> in the user's home directory. This "
"subdirectory contains default versions of the user-specific configuration "
"files."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14707
msgid ""
"This section describes only a few common uses. Refer to mplayer(1) for a "
"complete description of its numerous options."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14711
msgid ""
"To play the file <filename><replaceable>testfile.avi</replaceable></"
"filename>, specify the video interfaces with <option>-vo</option>, as seen "
"in the following examples:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14716
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>mplayer -vo xv <replaceable>testfile.avi</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14718
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>mplayer -vo sdl <replaceable>testfile.avi</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14720
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>mplayer -vo x11 <replaceable>testfile.avi</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14722
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mplayer -vo dga <replaceable>testfile.avi</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14724
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mplayer -vo 'sdl:dga' <replaceable>testfile.avi</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14726
msgid ""
"It is worth trying all of these options, as their relative performance "
"depends on many factors and will vary significantly with hardware."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14730
msgid ""
"To play a <acronym>DVD</acronym>, replace <filename><replaceable>testfile."
"avi</replaceable></filename> with <option>dvd://<replaceable>N</replaceable> "
"-dvd-device <replaceable>DEVICE</replaceable></option>, where "
"<replaceable>N</replaceable> is the title number to play and "
"<replaceable>DEVICE</replaceable> is the device node for the <acronym>DVD</"
"acronym>. For example, to play title 3 from <filename>/dev/dvd</filename>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14739
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mplayer -vo xv dvd://3 -dvd-device /dev/dvd</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:14742
msgid ""
"The default <acronym>DVD</acronym> device can be defined during the build of "
"the <application>MPlayer</application> port by including the "
"<varname>WITH_DVD_DEVICE=/path/to/desired/device</varname> option. By "
"default, the device is <filename>/dev/cd0</filename>. More details can be "
"found in the port's <filename>Makefile.options</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14752
msgid ""
"To stop, pause, advance, and so on, use a keybinding. To see the list of "
"keybindings, run <command>mplayer -h</command> or read mplayer(1)."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14756
msgid ""
"Additional playback options include <option>-fs -zoom</option>, which "
"engages fullscreen mode, and <option>-framedrop</option>, which helps "
"performance."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14760
msgid ""
"Each user can add commonly used options to their <filename>~/.mplayer/"
"config</filename> like so:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:14763
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"vo=xv\n"
"fs=yes\n"
"zoom=yes"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14767
msgid ""
"<command>mplayer</command> can be used to rip a <acronym>DVD</acronym> title "
"to a <filename>.vob</filename>. To dump the second title from a "
"<acronym>DVD</acronym>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14772
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mplayer -dumpstream -dumpfile out.vob dvd://2 -dvd-device /dev/dvd</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14774
msgid ""
"The output file, <filename>out.vob</filename>, will be in <acronym>MPEG</"
"acronym> format."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14777
msgid ""
"Anyone wishing to obtain a high level of expertise with <trademark class="
"\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> video should consult <link xlink:href="
"\"http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/\">mplayerhq.hu/DOCS</link> as it is "
"technically informative. This documentation should be considered as required "
"reading before submitting any bug reports."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:14783
msgid "<primary>mencoder</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14787
msgid ""
"Before using <command>mencoder</command>, it is a good idea to become "
"familiar with the options described at <link xlink:href=\"http://www."
"mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/mencoder.html\">mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/mencoder."
"html</link>. There are innumerable ways to improve quality, lower bitrate, "
"and change formats, and some of these options may make the difference "
"between good or bad performance. Improper combinations of command line "
"options can yield output files that are unplayable even by <command>mplayer</"
"command>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14796
msgid "Here is an example of a simple copy:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14798
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -oac copy -ovc copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14800
msgid ""
"To rip to a file, use <option>-dumpfile</option> with <command>mplayer</"
"command>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14803
msgid ""
"To convert <filename><replaceable>input.avi</replaceable></filename> to the "
"MPEG4 codec with MPEG3 audio encoding, first install the <package>audio/"
"lame</package> port. Due to licensing restrictions, a package is not "
"available. Once installed, type:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14810
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -oac mp3lame -lameopts br=192 \\\n"
"\t -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vhq -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14813
msgid ""
"This will produce output playable by applications such as <command>mplayer</"
"command> and <command>xine</command>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14817
msgid ""
"<filename><replaceable>input.avi</replaceable></filename> can be replaced "
"with <option>dvd://1 -dvd-device /dev/dvd</option> and run as <systemitem "
"class=\"username\">root</systemitem> to re-encode a <acronym>DVD</acronym> "
"title directly. Since it may take a few tries to get the desired result, it "
"is recommended to instead dump the title to a file and to work on the file."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:14827
msgid "The <application>xine</application> Video Player"
msgstr "<application>xine</application> 影像播放器"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14830
msgid ""
"<application>xine</application> is a video player with a reusable base "
"library and a modular executable which can be extended with plugins. It can "
"be installed using the <package>multimedia/xine</package> package or port."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14835
msgid ""
"In practice, <application>xine</application> requires either a fast CPU with "
"a fast video card, or support for the XVideo extension. The "
"<application>xine</application> video player performs best on XVideo "
"interfaces."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14840
msgid ""
"By default, the <application>xine</application> player starts a graphical "
"user interface. The menus can then be used to open a specific file."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14844
msgid ""
"Alternatively, <application>xine</application> may be invoked from the "
"command line by specifying the name of the file to play:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14848
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>xine -g -p <replaceable>mymovie.avi</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14850
msgid ""
"Refer to <link xlink:href=\"http://www.xine-project.org/faq\"> xine-project."
"org/faq</link> for more information and troubleshooting tips."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/title
#: book.translate.xml:14856
msgid "The <application>Transcode</application> Utilities"
msgstr "<application>Transcode</application> 工具"

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14859
msgid ""
"<application>Transcode</application> provides a suite of tools for re-"
"encoding video and audio files. <application>Transcode</application> can be "
"used to merge video files or repair broken files using command line tools "
"with stdin/stdout stream interfaces."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14865
msgid ""
"In FreeBSD, <application>Transcode</application> can be installed using the "
"<package>multimedia/transcode</package> package or port. Many users prefer "
"to compile the port as it provides a menu of compile options for specifying "
"the support and codecs to compile in. If an option is not selected, "
"<application>Transcode</application> will not be able to encode that format. "
"Use the arrow keys and spacebar to select the required formats. When "
"finished, press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to continue the port compile and "
"installation."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14876
msgid ""
"This example demonstrates how to convert a DivX file into a PAL MPEG-1 file "
"(PAL VCD):"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14879
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>transcode -i <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -V --export_prof vcd-pal -o output_vcd</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>mplex -f 1 -o <replaceable>output_vcd.mpg output_vcd.m1v output_vcd.mpa</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14882
msgid ""
"The resulting <acronym>MPEG</acronym> file, "
"<filename><replaceable>output_vcd.mpg</replaceable></filename>, is ready to "
"be played with <application>MPlayer</application>. The file can be burned on "
"a <acronym>CD</acronym> media to create a video <acronym>CD</acronym> using "
"a utility such as <package>multimedia/vcdimager</package> or "
"<package>sysutils/cdrdao</package>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect3/para
#: book.translate.xml:14891
msgid ""
"In addition to the manual page for <command>transcode</command>, refer to "
"<link xlink:href=\"http://www.transcoding.org/cgi-bin/transcode"
"\">transcoding.org/cgi-bin/transcode</link> for further information and "
"examples."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:14900
msgid "TV Cards"
msgstr "電視卡"

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:14903
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Josef</firstname> <surname>El-Rayes</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Original contribution by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:14913
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Marc</firstname> <surname>Fonvieille</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Enhanced and adapted by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:14923
msgid "<primary>TV cards</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:14927
msgid ""
"TV cards can be used to watch broadcast or cable TV on a computer. Most "
"cards accept composite video via an <acronym>RCA</acronym> or S-video input "
"and some cards include a <acronym>FM</acronym> radio tuner."
msgstr ""
"電視卡 (TV card) 可以讓您用電腦來看無線、有線電視節目。許多卡都是透過 "
"<acronym>RCA</acronym> 或 S-video 輸入端子來接收視訊，而且有些卡還可接收 "
"<acronym>FM</acronym> 廣播的功能。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:14932
msgid ""
"FreeBSD provides support for PCI-based TV cards using a Brooktree "
"Bt848/849/878/879 video capture chip with the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bktr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> driver. This driver supports most Pinnacle PCTV video cards. "
"Before purchasing a TV card, consult <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bktr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for a list of "
"supported tuners."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD 可透過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bktr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> 驅動程式，來支援 PCI 介"
"面的電視卡，只要這些卡使用的是 Brooktree Bt848/849/878/879 或 Conexant "
"CN-878/Fusion 878a 視訊擷取晶片。此外，要再確認哪些卡上所附的選台功能是否有支"
"援，可以參考 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bktr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 說明，以查看所支援的硬體清單。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:14939
msgid "Loading the Driver"
msgstr "載入驅動程式"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14941
msgid ""
"In order to use the card, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bktr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> driver must be loaded. "
"To automate this at boot time, add the following line to <filename>/boot/"
"loader.conf</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"要用電視卡的話，就要載入 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bktr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> 驅動程式，這個可以透過"
"在 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> 檔加上下面這一行就可以了："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:14945
#, no-wrap
msgid "bktr_load=\"YES\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14947
msgid ""
"Alternatively, one can statically compile support for the TV card into a "
"custom kernel. In that case, add the following lines to the custom kernel "
"configuration file:"
msgstr ""
"或者可以將電視卡支援靜態編譯到自訂的核心當中，若要這麼做則可在自訂核心設定檔"
"加入以下行："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:14952
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"device\t bktr\n"
"device\tiicbus\n"
"device\tiicbb\n"
"device\tsmbus"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14957
msgid ""
"These additional devices are necessary as the card components are "
"interconnected via an I2C bus. Then, build and install a new kernel."
msgstr ""
"之所以要加上這些額外的驅動程式，是因為卡的各組成部分都是透過 I2C 匯流排而相互"
"連接的。接下來，請編譯、安裝新的核心 。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14961
msgid ""
"To test that the tuner is correctly detected, reboot the system. The TV card "
"should appear in the boot messages, as seen in this example:"
msgstr ""
"要測試調諧器 (Tuner) 是否被正確的偵測，請先重新啟動系統。電視卡應該會出現在開"
"機訊息檔中，如同此範例："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:14965
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"bktr0: &lt;BrookTree 848A&gt; mem 0xd7000000-0xd7000fff irq 10 at device 10.0 on pci0\n"
"iicbb0: &lt;I2C bit-banging driver&gt; on bti2c0\n"
"iicbus0: &lt;Philips I2C bus&gt; on iicbb0 master-only\n"
"iicbus1: &lt;Philips I2C bus&gt; on iicbb0 master-only\n"
"smbus0: &lt;System Management Bus&gt; on bti2c0\n"
"bktr0: Pinnacle/Miro TV, Philips SECAM tuner."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14972
msgid ""
"The messages will differ according to the hardware. If necessary, it is "
"possible to override some of the detected parameters using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> or custom kernel configuration options. For example, to force "
"the tuner to a Philips SECAM tuner, add the following line to a custom "
"kernel configuration file:"
msgstr ""
"該訊息會依硬體不同而有所不同。若必要，可以使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 系統偵測的參數或者自訂核心設定選項。例如要強制使用 Philips "
"SECAM 調諧器則可加入下列行至自訂核心設定檔："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:14979
#, no-wrap
msgid "options OVERRIDE_TUNER=6"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14981
msgid ""
"or, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>:"
msgstr ""
"或使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:14983
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sysctl hw.bt848.tuner=6</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14985
msgid ""
"Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bktr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for a description of the available "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> parameters and kernel options."
msgstr ""
"請參考 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bktr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 查看 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 可用的參數說明及核心選"
"項。"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:14990
msgid "Useful Applications"
msgstr "好用的應用程式"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:14992
msgid "To use the TV card, install one of the following applications:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:14997
msgid ""
"<package>multimedia/fxtv</package> provides TV-in-a-window and image/audio/"
"video capture capabilities."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:15002
msgid ""
"<package>multimedia/xawtv</package> is another TV application with similar "
"features."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:15006
msgid ""
"<package>audio/xmradio</package> provides an application for using the FM "
"radio tuner of a TV card."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15012
msgid "More applications are available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15019
msgid ""
"If any problems are encountered with the TV card, check that the video "
"capture chip and the tuner are supported by "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bktr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and that the right configuration options were used. For more "
"support or to ask questions about supported TV cards, refer to the <link "
"xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-multimedia"
"\">freebsd-multimedia</link> mailing list."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:15028
msgid "MythTV"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15030
msgid ""
"MythTV is a popular, open source Personal Video Recorder (<acronym>PVR</"
"acronym>) application. This section demonstrates how to install and setup "
"MythTV on FreeBSD. Refer to <link xlink:href=\"http://www.mythtv.org/wiki/"
"\">mythtv.org/wiki</link> for more information on how to use MythTV."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15035
msgid ""
"MythTV requires a frontend and a backend. These components can either be "
"installed on the same system or on different machines."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15039
msgid ""
"The frontend can be installed on FreeBSD using the <package>multimedia/"
"mythtv-frontend</package> package or port. <application>Xorg</application> "
"must also be installed and configured as described in <xref linkend=\"x11\"/"
">. Ideally, this system has a video card that supports X-Video Motion "
"Compensation (<acronym>XvMC</acronym>) and, optionally, a Linux Infrared "
"Remote Control (<acronym>LIRC</acronym>)-compatible remote."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15048
msgid ""
"To install both the backend and the frontend on FreeBSD, use the "
"<package>multimedia/mythtv</package> package or port. A <trademark>MySQL</"
"trademark> database server is also required and should automatically be "
"installed as a dependency. Optionally, this system should have a tuner card "
"and sufficient storage to hold recorded data."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:15056
msgid "Hardware"
msgstr "硬體"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15058
msgid ""
"MythTV uses Video for Linux (<acronym>V4L</acronym>) to access video input "
"devices such as encoders and tuners. In FreeBSD, MythTV works best with "
"<acronym>USB</acronym> DVB-S/C/T cards as they are well supported by the "
"<package>multimedia/webcamd</package> package or port which provides a "
"<acronym>V4L</acronym> userland application. Any Digital Video Broadcasting "
"(<acronym>DVB</acronym>) card supported by <application>webcamd</"
"application> should work with MythTV. A list of known working cards can be "
"found at <link xlink:href=\"https://wiki.freebsd.org/WebcamCompat\">wiki."
"freebsd.org/WebcamCompat</link>. Drivers are also available for Hauppauge "
"cards in the <package>multimedia/pvr250</package> and <package>multimedia/"
"pvrxxx</package> ports, but they provide a non-standard driver interface "
"that does not work with versions of MythTV greater than 0.23. Due to "
"licensing restrictions, no packages are available and these two ports must "
"be compiled."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15076
msgid ""
"The <link xlink:href=\"https://wiki.freebsd.org/HTPC\">wiki.freebsd.org/"
"HTPC</link> page contains a list of all available <acronym>DVB</acronym> "
"drivers."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:15082
msgid "Setting up the MythTV Backend"
msgstr "設定 MythTV 後端"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15084
msgid "To install MythTV using binary packages:"
msgstr "要使用 Binary 套件安裝 MythTV 可："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15086
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install mythtv</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15088
msgid "Alternatively, to install from the Ports Collection:"
msgstr "或從 Port 套件集安裝："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15090
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mythtv</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15093
msgid "Once installed, set up the MythTV database:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15095
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mysql -uroot -p &lt; /usr/local/share/mythtv/database/mc.sql</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15097
msgid "Then, configure the backend:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15099
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mythtv-setup</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15101
msgid "Finally, start the backend:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15103
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sysrc mythbackend_enable=yes</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service mythbackend start</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: book.translate.xml:15110
msgid "Image Scanners"
msgstr "影像掃描器"

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: book.translate.xml:15113
msgid ""
"<personname> <firstname>Marc</firstname> <surname>Fonvieille</surname> </"
"personname> <contrib>Written by </contrib>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:15123
msgid "<primary>image scanners</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15127
msgid ""
"In FreeBSD, access to image scanners is provided by <application>SANE</"
"application> (Scanner Access Now Easy), which is available in the FreeBSD "
"Ports Collection. <application>SANE</application> will also use some FreeBSD "
"device drivers to provide access to the scanner hardware."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15133
msgid ""
"FreeBSD supports both <acronym>SCSI</acronym> and <acronym>USB</acronym> "
"scanners. Depending upon the scanner interface, different device drivers are "
"required. Be sure the scanner is supported by <application>SANE</"
"application> prior to performing any configuration. Refer to <link xlink:"
"href=\"http://www.sane-project.org/sane-supported-devices.html\"> http://www."
"sane-project.org/sane-supported-devices.html</link> for more information "
"about supported scanners."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15141
msgid ""
"This chapter describes how to determine if the scanner has been detected by "
"FreeBSD. It then provides an overview of how to configure and use "
"<application>SANE</application> on a FreeBSD system."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:15147
msgid "Checking the Scanner"
msgstr "檢查掃描器"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15149
msgid ""
"The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel includes the device drivers needed "
"to support <acronym>USB</acronym> scanners. Users with a custom kernel "
"should ensure that the following lines are present in the custom kernel "
"configuration file:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:15155
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"device usb\n"
"device uhci\n"
"device ohci\n"
"device ehci"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15160
msgid ""
"To determine if the <acronym>USB</acronym> scanner is detected, plug it in "
"and use <command>dmesg</command> to determine whether the scanner appears in "
"the system message buffer. If it does, it should display a message similar "
"to this:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15166
#, no-wrap
msgid "ugen0.2: &lt;EPSON&gt; at usbus0"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15168
msgid ""
"In this example, an <trademark class=\"registered\">EPSON Perfection</"
"trademark> 1650 <acronym>USB</acronym> scanner was detected on <filename>/"
"dev/ugen0.2</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15173
msgid ""
"If the scanner uses a <acronym>SCSI</acronym> interface, it is important to "
"know which <acronym>SCSI</acronym> controller board it will use. Depending "
"upon the <acronym>SCSI</acronym> chipset, a custom kernel configuration file "
"may be needed. The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel supports the most "
"common <acronym>SCSI</acronym> controllers. Refer to <filename>/usr/src/sys/"
"conf/NOTES</filename> to determine the correct line to add to a custom "
"kernel configuration file. In addition to the <acronym>SCSI</acronym> "
"adapter driver, the following lines are needed in a custom kernel "
"configuration file:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:15185
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"device scbus\n"
"device pass"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15188
msgid "Verify that the device is displayed in the system message buffer:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15191
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"pass2 at aic0 bus 0 target 2 lun 0\n"
"pass2: &lt;AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 1.10&gt; Fixed Scanner SCSI-2 device\n"
"pass2: 3.300MB/s transfers"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15195
msgid ""
"If the scanner was not powered-on at system boot, it is still possible to "
"manually force detection by performing a <acronym>SCSI</acronym> bus scan "
"with <command>camcontrol</command>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15200
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>camcontrol rescan all</userinput>\n"
"Re-scan of bus 0 was successful\n"
"Re-scan of bus 1 was successful\n"
"Re-scan of bus 2 was successful\n"
"Re-scan of bus 3 was successful"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15206
msgid ""
"The scanner should now appear in the <acronym>SCSI</acronym> devices list:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15209
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>camcontrol devlist</userinput>\n"
"&lt;IBM DDRS-34560 S97B&gt;              at scbus0 target 5 lun 0 (pass0,da0)\n"
"&lt;IBM DDRS-34560 S97B&gt;              at scbus0 target 6 lun 0 (pass1,da1)\n"
"&lt;AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 1.10&gt;           at scbus1 target 2 lun 0 (pass3)\n"
"&lt;PHILIPS CDD3610 CD-R/RW 1.00&gt;     at scbus2 target 0 lun 0 (pass2,cd0)"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15215
msgid ""
"Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>scsi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>camcontrol</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more details about "
"<acronym>SCSI</acronym> devices on FreeBSD."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:15220
msgid "<application>SANE</application> Configuration"
msgstr "<application>SANE</application> 設定"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15222
msgid ""
"The <application>SANE</application> system is split in two parts: the "
"backends (<package>graphics/sane-backends</package>) and the frontends "
"(<package>graphics/sane-frontends</package> or <package>graphics/xsane</"
"package>). The backends provide access to the scanner. Refer to <link xlink:"
"href=\"http://www.sane-project.org/sane-supported-devices.html\">http://www."
"sane-project.org/sane-supported-devices.html</link> to determine which "
"backend supports the scanner. The frontends provide the graphical scanning "
"interface. <package>graphics/sane-frontends</package> installs "
"<application>xscanimage</application> while <package>graphics/xsane</"
"package> installs <application>xsane</application>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15235
msgid "To install the two parts from binary packages:"
msgstr "要由 Binary 套件安裝這兩個部份可："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15237
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install xsane sane-frontends</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15239
msgid "Alternatively, to install from the Ports Collection"
msgstr "或由 Port 套件集安裝："

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15241
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/graphics/sane-frontends</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/graphics/xsane</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15246
msgid ""
"After installing the <package>graphics/sane-backends</package> port or "
"package, use <command>sane-find-scanner</command> to check the scanner "
"detection by the <application>SANE</application> system:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15252
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sane-find-scanner -q</userinput>\n"
"found SCSI scanner \"AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 1.10\" at /dev/pass3"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15255
msgid ""
"The output should show the interface type of the scanner and the device node "
"used to attach the scanner to the system. The vendor and the product model "
"may or may not appear."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:15260
msgid ""
"Some <acronym>USB</acronym> scanners require firmware to be loaded. Refer to "
"sane-find-scanner(1) and sane(7) for details."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15265
msgid ""
"Next, check if the scanner will be identified by a scanning frontend. The "
"<application>SANE</application> backends include <command>scanimage</"
"command> which can be used to list the devices and perform an image "
"acquisition. Use <option>-L</option> to list the scanner devices. The first "
"example is for a <acronym>SCSI</acronym> scanner and the second is for a "
"<acronym>USB</acronym> scanner:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15273
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>scanimage -L</userinput>\n"
"device `snapscan:/dev/pass3' is a AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 flatbed scanner\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>scanimage -L</userinput>\n"
"device 'epson2:libusb:/dev/usb:/dev/ugen0.2' is a Epson GT-8200 flatbed scanner"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15278
msgid ""
"In this second example, <literal>'epson2:libusb:/dev/usb:/dev/ugen0.2'</"
"literal> is the backend name (<literal>epson2</literal>) and <literal>/dev/"
"ugen0.2</literal> is the device node used by the scanner."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15284
msgid ""
"If <command>scanimage</command> is unable to identify the scanner, this "
"message will appear:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15287
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>scanimage -L</userinput>\n"
"\n"
"No scanners were identified. If you were expecting something different,\n"
"check that the scanner is plugged in, turned on and detected by the\n"
"sane-find-scanner tool (if appropriate). Please read the documentation\n"
"which came with this software (README, FAQ, manpages)."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15294
msgid ""
"If this happens, edit the backend configuration file in <filename>/usr/local/"
"etc/sane.d/</filename> and define the scanner device used. For example, if "
"the undetected scanner model is an <trademark class=\"registered\">EPSON "
"Perfection</trademark> 1650 and it uses the <literal>epson2</literal> "
"backend, edit <filename>/usr/local/etc/sane.d/epson2.conf</filename>. When "
"editing, add a line specifying the interface and the device node used. In "
"this case, add the following line:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:15304
#, no-wrap
msgid "usb /dev/ugen0.2"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15306
msgid ""
"Save the edits and verify that the scanner is identified with the right "
"backend name and the device node:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15309
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>scanimage -L</userinput>\n"
"device 'epson2:libusb:/dev/usb:/dev/ugen0.2' is a Epson GT-8200 flatbed scanner"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15312
msgid ""
"Once <command>scanimage -L</command> sees the scanner, the configuration is "
"complete and the scanner is now ready to use."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15316
msgid ""
"While <command>scanimage</command> can be used to perform an image "
"acquisition from the command line, it is often preferable to use a graphical "
"interface to perform image scanning. The <package>graphics/sane-frontends</"
"package> package or port installs a simple but efficient graphical "
"interface, <application>xscanimage</application>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15323
msgid ""
"Alternately, <application>xsane</application>, which is installed with the "
"<package>graphics/xsane</package> package or port, is another popular "
"graphical scanning frontend. It offers advanced features such as various "
"scanning modes, color correction, and batch scans. Both of these "
"applications are usable as a <application>GIMP</application> plugin."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:15332
msgid "Scanner Permissions"
msgstr "掃描器權限"

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15334
msgid ""
"In order to have access to the scanner, a user needs read and write "
"permissions to the device node used by the scanner. In the previous example, "
"the <acronym>USB</acronym> scanner uses the device node <filename>/dev/"
"ugen0.2</filename> which is really a symlink to the real device node "
"<filename>/dev/usb/0.2.0</filename>. The symlink and the device node are "
"owned, respectively, by the <systemitem class=\"groupname\">wheel</"
"systemitem> and <systemitem class=\"groupname\">operator</systemitem> "
"groups. While adding the user to these groups will allow access to the "
"scanner, it is considered insecure to add a user to <systemitem class="
"\"groupname\">wheel</systemitem>. A better solution is to create a group and "
"make the scanner device accessible to members of this group."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15347
msgid ""
"This example creates a group called <systemitem class=\"groupname"
"\"><replaceable>usb</replaceable></systemitem>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15349
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pw groupadd usb</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15351
msgid ""
"Then, make the <filename>/dev/ugen0.2</filename> symlink and the <filename>/"
"dev/usb/0.2.0</filename> device node accessible to the <systemitem class="
"\"groupname\">usb</systemitem> group with write permissions of "
"<literal>0660</literal> or <literal>0664</literal> by adding the following "
"lines to <filename>/etc/devfs.rules</filename>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:15358
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"[system=5]\n"
"add path ugen0.2 mode 0660 group usb\n"
"add path usb/0.2.0 mode 0666 group usb"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15362
msgid ""
"Finally, add the users to <systemitem class=\"groupname\"><replaceable>usb</"
"replaceable></systemitem> in order to allow access to the scanner:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15365
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pw groupmod usb -m <replaceable>joe</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: book.translate.xml:15367
msgid ""
"For more details refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: chapter/title
#: book.translate.xml:15397
msgid "Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel"
msgstr "設定 FreeBSD 核心"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:15402
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel</primary> <secondary>building a custom kernel</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15407
msgid ""
"The kernel is the core of the FreeBSD operating system. It is responsible "
"for managing memory, enforcing security controls, networking, disk access, "
"and much more. While much of FreeBSD is dynamically configurable, it is "
"still occasionally necessary to configure and compile a custom kernel."
msgstr ""
"核心 (Kernel) 是 FreeBSD 作業系統最重要的部份之一。它負責記憶體管理、安全控"
"管、網路、硬碟存取等等。 儘管目前 FreeBSD 大多可以用動態設定， 但有時仍需要設"
"定並編譯自訂的核心。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:15417
msgid "When to build a custom kernel."
msgstr "何時需要編譯自訂核心。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:15421
msgid "How to take a hardware inventory."
msgstr "如何取得硬體資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:15425
msgid "How to customize a kernel configuration file."
msgstr "如何量身訂做核心設定檔。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:15429
msgid ""
"How to use the kernel configuration file to create and build a new kernel."
msgstr "如何使用核心設定檔來建立並編譯新的核心。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:15434
msgid "How to install the new kernel."
msgstr "如何安裝新的核心。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:15438
msgid "How to troubleshoot if things go wrong."
msgstr "發生錯誤時如何排除問題。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15442
msgid ""
"All of the commands listed in the examples in this chapter should be "
"executed as <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>."
msgstr ""
"所有在本章所列出的指令均應以 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</"
"systemitem> 來執行。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:15447
msgid "Why Build a Custom Kernel?"
msgstr "為何要編譯自訂的核心?"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15449
msgid ""
"Traditionally, FreeBSD used a monolithic kernel. The kernel was one large "
"program, supported a fixed list of devices, and in order to change the "
"kernel's behavior, one had to compile and then reboot into a new kernel."
msgstr ""
"早期的 FreeBSD 的核心 (Kernel) 被戲稱為 “巨石”。因為當時的核心是一個非常大的"
"程式，且只支援固定的硬體裝置，如果您想改變核心的設定，就必須編譯一個新核心並"
"重新開機，才能使用。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15454
msgid ""
"Today, most of the functionality in the FreeBSD kernel is contained in "
"modules which can be dynamically loaded and unloaded from the kernel as "
"necessary. This allows the running kernel to adapt immediately to new "
"hardware and for new functionality to be brought into the kernel. This is "
"known as a modular kernel."
msgstr ""
"現今，大多數在 FreeBSD 核心的功能已採用模組 (Module) 的方式包裝，並可依需求動"
"態從核心載入或卸載。 這使得執行中的核心能夠快速適應新硬體環境並在核心開啟新的"
"功能，這就是所謂模組化核心 (Modular Kernel)。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15461
msgid ""
"Occasionally, it is still necessary to perform static kernel configuration. "
"Sometimes the needed functionality is so tied to the kernel that it can not "
"be made dynamically loadable. Some security environments prevent the loading "
"and unloading of kernel modules and require that only needed functionality "
"is statically compiled into the kernel."
msgstr ""
"儘管如此，還是有一些功能因使用到靜態的核心設定須要編譯，因為這些功能與核心緊"
"密結合，無法將做成可動態載入的模組。且部份強調安全性的環境會盡量避免載入與卸"
"載核心模組，且只要將需要的功能靜態的編譯到核心當中。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15468
msgid ""
"Building a custom kernel is often a rite of passage for advanced BSD users. "
"This process, while time consuming, can provide benefits to the FreeBSD "
"system. Unlike the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel, which must support a "
"wide range of hardware, a custom kernel can be stripped down to only provide "
"support for that computer's hardware. This has a number of benefits, such as:"
msgstr ""
"編譯自訂的核心幾乎是每位進階的 BSD 使用者所必須經歷的過程。儘管這項工作可能比"
"較耗時，但在 FreeBSD 的使用上會有許多好處。 跟必須支援大多數各式硬體的 "
"<filename>GENERIC</filename> 核心相比的話， 自訂的核心可以更『體貼』，只支援"
"『自己硬體』的部分就好。 自訂核心有許多項優點，如︰"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:15478
msgid ""
"Faster boot time. Since the kernel will only probe the hardware on the "
"system, the time it takes the system to boot can decrease."
msgstr ""
"加速開機，因為自訂的核心只需要偵測您系統上存在的硬體，所以讓啟動所花的過程更"
"流暢快速。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:15484
msgid ""
"Lower memory usage. A custom kernel often uses less memory than the "
"<filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel by omitting unused features and device "
"drivers. This is important because the kernel code remains resident in "
"physical memory at all times, preventing that memory from being used by "
"applications. For this reason, a custom kernel is useful on a system with a "
"small amount of RAM."
msgstr ""
"減少記憶體使用，自訂的核心通常會比 <filename>GENERIC</filename> 核心使用更少"
"的記憶體，這很重要，因為核心必須一直存放在實體記憶體內，會讓其他應用程式無法"
"使用。因此，自訂核心對於記憶體較小的系統來說，發揮很大的作用。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:15495
msgid ""
"Additional hardware support. A custom kernel can add support for devices "
"which are not present in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel."
msgstr ""
"支援額外的硬體，自訂的核心可以增加一些 <filename>GENERIC</filename> 核心沒有"
"提供的硬體支援。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15501
msgid ""
"Before building a custom kernel, consider the reason for doing so. If there "
"is a need for specific hardware support, it may already exist as a module."
msgstr ""
"在編譯自訂核心之前，請思考要這麼做的原因，若是因為需要特定硬體的支援，很可能"
"已有既有的模組可以使用。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15505
msgid ""
"Kernel modules exist in <filename>/boot/kernel</filename> and may be "
"dynamically loaded into the running kernel using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kldload</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>. Most kernel drivers have a loadable module and "
"manual page. For example, the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ath</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> wireless Ethernet "
"driver has the following information in its manual page:"
msgstr ""
"核心模組會放在 <filename>/boot/kernel</filename> 並且可使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kldload</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 動態載入到執行中的核心。大部份的核心驅動程式都有可"
"載入的模組與操作手冊。例如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ath</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> 無線乙太網路驅動程式在"
"其操作手冊有以下資訊："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15511
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the\n"
"following line in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loader.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>:\n"
"\n"
"    if_ath_load=\"YES\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15516
msgid ""
"Adding <literal>if_ath_load=\"YES\"</literal> to <filename>/boot/loader."
"conf</filename> will load this module dynamically at boot time."
msgstr ""
"加入 <literal>if_ath_load=\"YES\"</literal> 到 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</"
"filename> 會於開機期間自動載入這個模組。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15520
msgid ""
"In some cases, there is no associated module in <filename>/boot/kernel</"
"filename>. This is mostly true for certain subsystems."
msgstr ""
"部份情況在 <filename>/boot/kernel</filename> 會沒有相關的模組，這對於某些子系"
"統大多是真的。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:15537
msgid "Finding the System Hardware"
msgstr "偵測系統硬體"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15539
msgid ""
"Before editing the kernel configuration file, it is recommended to perform "
"an inventory of the machine's hardware. On a dual-boot system, the inventory "
"can be created from the other operating system. For example, <trademark "
"class=\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark>'s <application>Device Manager</"
"application> contains information about installed devices."
msgstr ""
"在編輯核心設定檔之前，建議先調查清楚機器各項硬體資訊。在雙作業系統的環境，也"
"可透過其他作業系統來了解目前機器上的硬體資訊。 舉例來說，<trademark class="
"\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark> 的 <application>裝置管理員</"
"application> (Device Manager) 內會有目前已安裝的硬體資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:15547
msgid ""
"Some versions of <trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</"
"trademark> <trademark class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> have a "
"<application>System</application> icon which can be used to access "
"<application>Device Manager</application>."
msgstr ""
"某些版本的 <trademark class=\"registered\">Microsoft</trademark> <trademark "
"class=\"registered\">Windows</trademark> 會有<application>系統</application> "
"(System) 圖示可用來進入 <application>裝置管理員</application>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15552
msgid ""
"If FreeBSD is the only installed operating system, use "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> to determine the hardware that was found and listed during the "
"boot probe. Most device drivers on FreeBSD have a manual page which lists "
"the hardware supported by that driver. For example, the following lines "
"indicate that the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>psm</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> driver found a mouse:"
msgstr ""
"若 FreeBSD 是唯一安裝的作業系統，則可使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 來查看開時時系統偵測到的硬體資訊 。FreeBSD 上大多硬體驅動程式都"
"有操作手冊會列出支援的硬體。例如，以下幾行是說 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>psm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 驅動程式偵測到了一隻滑鼠："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15559
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"psm0: &lt;PS/2 Mouse&gt; irq 12 on atkbdc0\n"
"psm0: [GIANT-LOCKED]\n"
"psm0: [ITHREAD]\n"
"psm0: model Generic PS/2 mouse, device ID 0"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15564
msgid ""
"Since this hardware exists, this driver should not be removed from a custom "
"kernel configuration file."
msgstr "因為該硬體存在，此驅動程式便不應該從自訂核心設定檔中移除。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15567
msgid ""
"If the output of <command>dmesg</command> does not display the results of "
"the boot probe output, instead read the contents of <filename>/var/run/dmesg."
"boot</filename>."
msgstr ""
"若 <command>dmesg</command> 輸出的結果未顯示開機偵測硬體的部份，則可改閱讀 "
"<filename>/var/run/dmesg.boot</filename> 檔案的內容。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15571
msgid ""
"Another tool for finding hardware is <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pciconf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, which provides more "
"verbose output. For example:"
msgstr ""
"另外，也可以透過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pciconf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 工具可用來查詢硬體資"
"訊，該工具會列出更詳細的硬體資訊如："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15574
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>pciconf -lv</userinput>\n"
"ath0@pci0:3:0:0:        class=0x020000 card=0x058a1014 chip=0x1014168c rev=0x01 hdr=0x00\n"
"    vendor     = 'Atheros Communications Inc.'\n"
"    device     = 'AR5212 Atheros AR5212 802.11abg wireless'\n"
"    class      = network\n"
"    subclass   = ethernet"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15581
msgid ""
"This output shows that the <filename>ath</filename> driver located a "
"wireless Ethernet device."
msgstr ""
"以上輸出資訊說明 <filename>ath</filename> 驅動程式已經找到一個無線乙太網路裝"
"置。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15584
msgid ""
"The <option>-k</option> flag of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>man</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> can be used to provide "
"useful information. For example, it can be used to display a list of manual "
"pages which contain a particular device brand or name:"
msgstr ""
"在 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>man</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 指令加上 <option>-k</option> 旗標可提供有用的資訊，例如，這可列"
"出有包含指定裝置品牌或名稱的手冊頁面清單："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15589
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>man -k <replaceable>Atheros</replaceable></userinput>\n"
"ath(4)                   - Atheros IEEE 802.11 wireless network driver\n"
"ath_hal(4)               - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL)"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15593
msgid ""
"Once the hardware inventory list is created, refer to it to ensure that "
"drivers for installed hardware are not removed as the custom kernel "
"configuration is edited."
msgstr ""
"準備好硬體清單之後，參考該清單來確認已安裝的硬體驅動程式在編輯自訂核心設定時"
"沒有被移除。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: book.translate.xml:15610 book.translate.xml:44424
msgid "The Configuration File"
msgstr "設定檔"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15612
msgid ""
"In order to create a custom kernel configuration file and build a custom "
"kernel, the full FreeBSD source tree must first be installed."
msgstr ""
"為了要建立自訂核心設定檔並編譯自訂核心，必須先安裝完整的 FreeBSD 原始碼樹。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15616
msgid ""
"If <filename>/usr/src/</filename> does not exist or it is empty, source has "
"not been installed. Source can be installed using <application>Subversion</"
"application> and the instructions in <xref linkend=\"svn\"/>."
msgstr ""
"若 <filename>/usr/src/</filename> 目錄不存在或者是空的，代表尚未安裝。原始碼"
"可以使用 <application>Subversion</application> 並依據 <xref linkend=\"svn\"/"
"> 中的操作說明來安裝。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15621
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Once source is installed, review the contents of <filename>/usr/src/sys</"
"filename>. This directory contains a number of subdirectories, including "
"those which represent the following supported architectures: "
"<filename>amd64</filename>, <filename>i386</filename>, <filename>ia64</"
"filename>, <filename>powerpc</filename>, and <filename>sparc64</filename>. "
"Everything inside a particular architecture's directory deals with that "
"architecture only and the rest of the code is machine independent code "
"common to all platforms. Each supported architecture has a <filename>conf</"
"filename> subdirectory which contains the <filename>GENERIC</filename> "
"kernel configuration file for that architecture."
msgstr ""
"完成原始碼完成後，需檢查 <filename>/usr/src/sys</filename> 內的檔案。該目錄內"
"包含數個子目錄，這些子目錄中包了支援的硬體架構 (Architecture) 如下："
"<filename>amd64</filename>, <filename>i386</filename>, <filename>ia64</"
"filename>, <filename>pc98</filename>, <filename>powerpc</filename> 以及 "
"<filename>sparc64</filename>。在指定架構目錄中的內容只對該架構有效，其餘部份"
"的程式碼與硬體架構無關，可通用所有平台。每個支援的硬體架構中會有 "
"<filename>conf</filename> 子目錄，裡面含有供該架構使用的 <filename>GENERIC</"
"filename> 核心設定檔。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15635
msgid ""
"Do not make edits to <filename>GENERIC</filename>. Instead, copy the file to "
"a different name and make edits to the copy. The convention is to use a name "
"with all capital letters. When maintaining multiple FreeBSD machines with "
"different hardware, it is a good idea to name it after the machine's "
"hostname. This example creates a copy, named <filename>MYKERNEL</filename>, "
"of the <filename>GENERIC</filename> configuration file for the "
"<literal>amd64</literal> architecture:"
msgstr ""
"請不要直接對 <filename>GENERIC</filename> 檔案做編輯。複製該檔案為另一個名"
"稱，並對複製出來的檔案做編輯，習慣上檔名會全部使用大寫字元。當維護多台安裝不"
"同的硬體的 FreeBSD 機器時，將檔名後方加上機器的主機名稱 (Host name) 是個不錯"
"的方法。以下範例使用 <literal>amd64</literal> 架構的 <filename>GENERIC</"
"filename> 設定檔建立了一個複本名稱為 <filename>MYKERNEL</filename>："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15644
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/src/sys/<replaceable>amd64</replaceable>/conf</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cp GENERIC <replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15647
msgid ""
"<filename><replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></filename> can now be "
"customized with any <acronym>ASCII</acronym> text editor. The default editor "
"is <application>vi</application>, though an easier editor for beginners, "
"called <application>ee</application>, is also installed with FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"現在可以使用任何 <acronym>ASCII</acronym> 文字編輯器來自訂 "
"<filename><replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></filename>。預設的編輯器為 "
"<application>vi</application>，在 FreeBSD 也內建一個易於初學者使用的編輯器叫"
"做 <application>ee</application>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:15654
msgid "<primary>kernel</primary> <secondary>NOTES</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:15658
msgid "<primary>NOTES</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:15659
msgid "<primary>kernel</primary> <secondary>configuration file</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15664
msgid ""
"The format of the kernel configuration file is simple. Each line contains a "
"keyword that represents a device or subsystem, an argument, and a brief "
"description. Any text after a <literal>#</literal> is considered a comment "
"and ignored. To remove kernel support for a device or subsystem, put a "
"<literal>#</literal> at the beginning of the line representing that device "
"or subsystem. Do not add or remove a <literal>#</literal> for any line that "
"you do not understand."
msgstr ""
"核心設定檔的格式很簡單，每一行會含有代表裝置 (Device) 或子系統 (Subsystem) 的"
"關鍵字、參數以及簡短的說明。任何在 <literal>#</literal> 符號之後的文字會被當"
"做註解並且略過。要移除核心對某個裝置或子系統的支援，僅需要在代表該裝置或子系"
"統的行前加上 <literal>#</literal> 符號。請不要在您還不了解用途的行前加上或移"
"除 <literal>#</literal> 符號。"

#. (itstool) path: warning/para
#: book.translate.xml:15675
msgid ""
"It is easy to remove support for a device or option and end up with a broken "
"kernel. For example, if the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ata</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> driver is removed from "
"the kernel configuration file, a system using <acronym>ATA</acronym> disk "
"drivers may not boot. When in doubt, just leave support in the kernel."
msgstr ""
"移除對裝置或選項的支援很容易會造成核心損壞。例如，若從核心設定檔 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ata</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 驅動程式，那麼使用 <acronym>ATA</acronym> 磁碟驅動程式的系統便"
"會無法開機。因此當您不確定時，請在核心保留該項目的支援。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15682
msgid ""
"In addition to the brief descriptions provided in this file, additional "
"descriptions are contained in <filename>NOTES</filename>, which can be found "
"in the same directory as <filename>GENERIC</filename> for that architecture. "
"For architecture independent options, refer to <filename>/usr/src/sys/conf/"
"NOTES</filename>."
msgstr ""
"除了在設定檔中提供的簡短說明之外，尚有其他的說明在 <filename>NOTES</"
"filename> 檔案中，可在與該架構 <filename>GENERIC</filename> 相同的目錄底下找"
"到。要查看所有架構通用的選項，請參考 <filename>/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES</"
"filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: tip/para
#: book.translate.xml:15690
msgid ""
"When finished customizing the kernel configuration file, save a backup copy "
"to a location outside of <filename>/usr/src</filename>."
msgstr ""
"當完成自訂的核心設定檔，請備份到 <filename>/usr/src</filename> 位置之外。"

#. (itstool) path: tip/para
#: book.translate.xml:15694
msgid ""
"Alternately, keep the kernel configuration file elsewhere and create a "
"symbolic link to the file:"
msgstr ""
"或者，將核心設定檔放在其他地方，然後建立一個符號連結 (Symbolic link) 至該檔"
"案："

#. (itstool) path: tip/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15697
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mkdir /root/kernels</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cp GENERIC /root/kernels/MYKERNEL</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>ln -s /root/kernels/MYKERNEL</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15703
msgid ""
"An <literal>include</literal> directive is available for use in "
"configuration files. This allows another configuration file to be included "
"in the current one, making it easy to maintain small changes relative to an "
"existing file. If only a small number of additional options or drivers are "
"required, this allows a delta to be maintained with respect to "
"<filename>GENERIC</filename>, as seen in this example:"
msgstr ""
"設定檔中可以使用 <literal>include</literal> 指令 (Directive)。該指令可以引用"
"其他設定檔到目前的設定檔，這讓只需根據現有檔案設定做些微調整時更簡單。若只有"
"少量的額外選項或驅動程式需要設定，該指令可引用 <filename>GENERIC</filename> "
"並設定額外增加的選項，如範例所示："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:15711
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"include GENERIC\n"
"ident MYKERNEL\n"
"\n"
"options         IPFIREWALL\n"
"options         DUMMYNET\n"
"options         IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT\n"
"options         IPDIVERT"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:15719
msgid ""
"Using this method, the local configuration file expresses local differences "
"from a <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel. As upgrades are performed, new "
"features added to <filename>GENERIC</filename> will also be added to the "
"local kernel unless they are specifically prevented using "
"<literal>nooptions</literal> or <literal>nodevice</literal>. A comprehensive "
"list of configuration directives and their descriptions may be found in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"使用此方法，設定檔只含有與 <filename>GENERIC</filename> 核心不同的部份。當升"
"級有新功能加入 <filename>GENERIC</filename> 時，也可一併引用，除非特別使用 "
"<literal>nooptions</literal> 或 <literal>nodevice</literal> 選項來排除設定。"
"更詳細的設定檔指令及其說明可在 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>config</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 找到。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:15729
msgid ""
"To build a file which contains all available options, run the following "
"command as <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>:"
msgstr ""
"要產生含有所有可用選項的設定檔，可以 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</"
"systemitem> 執行以下指令："

#. (itstool) path: note/screen
#: book.translate.xml:15732
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/src/sys/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/conf &amp;&amp; make LINT</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:16548
msgid "Building and Installing a Custom Kernel"
msgstr "編譯與安裝自訂核心"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:16550
msgid ""
"Once the edits to the custom configuration file have been saved, the source "
"code for the kernel can be compiled using the following steps:"
msgstr "完成自訂設定檔的編輯並儲存之後，便可依據以下步驟編譯核心的原始碼："

#. (itstool) path: procedure/title
#: book.translate.xml:16555
msgid "Building a Kernel"
msgstr "編譯核心"

#. (itstool) path: procedure/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:16557
msgid "<primary>kernel</primary> <secondary>building / installing</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:16563
msgid "Change to this directory:"
msgstr "切換至此目錄："

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#: book.translate.xml:16565
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:16569
msgid ""
"Compile the new kernel by specifying the name of the custom kernel "
"configuration file:"
msgstr "指定自訂核心設定檔的名稱來編譯新的核心："

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#: book.translate.xml:16572
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make buildkernel KERNCONF=<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:16576
msgid ""
"Install the new kernel associated with the specified kernel configuration "
"file. This command will copy the new kernel to <filename>/boot/kernel/"
"kernel</filename> and save the old kernel to <filename>/boot/kernel.old/"
"kernel</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"安裝使用指定核心設定檔所編譯的新核心。此指令將會複製新核心到 <filename>/boot/"
"kernel/kernel</filename> 並將舊核心備份到 <filename>/boot/kernel.old/kernel</"
"filename>："

#. (itstool) path: step/screen
#: book.translate.xml:16582
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make installkernel KERNCONF=<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: step/para
#: book.translate.xml:16586
msgid ""
"Shutdown the system and reboot into the new kernel. If something goes wrong, "
"refer to <xref linkend=\"kernelconfig-noboot\"/>."
msgstr ""
"關機並重新開機載入新的核心，若發生錯誤請參考 <xref linkend=\"kernelconfig-"
"noboot\"/>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:16591
msgid ""
"By default, when a custom kernel is compiled, all kernel modules are "
"rebuilt. To update a kernel faster or to build only custom modules, edit "
"<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> before starting to build the kernel."
msgstr ""
"預設在自訂核心編譯完成後，所有核心模組也同被重新編譯。要快速更新核心或只編譯"
"自訂的模組，需在開始編譯之前先編輯 <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:16596
msgid ""
"For example, this variable specifies the list of modules to build instead of "
"using the default of building all modules:"
msgstr "例如，使用以下變數可指定要編譯的模組清單來替代預設編譯所有模組的設定："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:16600
#, no-wrap
msgid "MODULES_OVERRIDE = linux acpi"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:16602
msgid ""
"Alternately, this variable lists which modules to exclude from the build "
"process:"
msgstr "或者，可使用以下變數來從編譯程序中排除要編譯的模組："

#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting
#: book.translate.xml:16605
#, no-wrap
msgid "WITHOUT_MODULES = linux acpi sound"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:16607
msgid ""
"Additional variables are available. Refer to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>make.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for details."
msgstr ""
"尚有其他可用的變數，請參考 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>make.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 取得詳細資訊。"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm
#: book.translate.xml:16610
msgid "<primary><filename>/boot/kernel.old</filename></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: book.translate.xml:16616
msgid "If Something Goes Wrong"
msgstr "如果發生錯誤"

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: book.translate.xml:16618
msgid ""
"There are four categories of trouble that can occur when building a custom "
"kernel:"
msgstr "當編譯自訂核心時可能發生以下四種類型的問題："

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:16623
msgid "<command>config</command> fails"
msgstr "<command>config</command> 失敗"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:16626
msgid ""
"If <command>config</command> fails, it will print the line number that is "
"incorrect. As an example, for the following message, make sure that line 17 "
"is typed correctly by comparing it to <filename>GENERIC</filename> or "
"<filename>NOTES</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"若 <command>config</command> 失敗，會列出不正確的行號。使用以下訊息為例子，需"
"要與 <filename>GENERIC</filename> 或 <filename>NOTES</filename> 比對來確認第 "
"17 行輸入的內容正確："

#. (itstool) path: listitem/screen
#: book.translate.xml:16632
#, no-wrap
msgid "config: line 17: syntax error"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:16637
msgid "<command>make</command> fails"
msgstr "<command>make</command> 失敗"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:16640
msgid ""
"If <command>make</command> fails, it is usually due to an error in the "
"kernel configuration file which is not severe enough for <command>config</"
"command> to catch. Review the configuration, and if the problem is not "
"apparent, send an email to the <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/"
"mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions\">FreeBSD general questions mailing list</"
"link> which contains the kernel configuration file."
msgstr ""
"若 <command>make</command> 失敗，通常是因為核心設定檔未提供足夠的資訊讓 "
"<command>config</command> 找到問題。請仔細檢查設定檔，若仍不清楚問題，請寄發"
"電子郵件給 <link xlink:href=\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/"
"freebsd-questions\">FreeBSD general questions mailing list</link> 並附上核心"
"設定檔。"

#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term
#: book.translate.xml:16650
msgid "The kernel does not boot"
msgstr "無法使用核心開機"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:16653
msgid ""
"If the new kernel does not boot or fails to recognize devices, do not panic! "
"Fortunately, FreeBSD has an excellent mechanism for recovering from "
"incompatible kernels. Simply choose the kernel to boot from at the FreeBSD "
"boot loader. This can be accessed when the system boot menu appears by "
"selecting the <quote>Escape to a loader prompt</quote> option. At the "
"prompt, type <command>boot <replaceable>kernel.old</replaceable></command>, "
"or the name of any other kernel that is known to boot properly."
msgstr ""
"若新核心無法開機或無法辨識裝置並不要恐慌！幸好，FreeBSD 有良好的機制可以從不"
"相容的核心復原。只需要在 FreeBSD 開機載入程式 (Boot loader) 選擇要用來開機的"
"核心便可，當系統開機選單出現時選擇 <quote>Escape to a loader prompt</quote> "
"選項，並在指令提示後輸入 <command>boot <replaceable>kernel.old</"
"replaceable></command> 或替換為任何其他已經知道可以正常開機的核心名稱。"

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: book.translate.xml:16665
msgid ""
"After booting with a good kernel, check over the configuration file and try "
"to build it again. One helpful resource is <filename>/var/log/messages</"
"filename> which records the kernel messages from every successful boot. "
"Also, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> will print the kernel messages from the current "
"boot."
msgstr ""
"使用好的核心開機之後，檢查設定檔並嘗試再編譯一次。<filename>/var/log/"
"messages</filename> 是有用的資源，它在每次成功開機時會記錄核心訊息。同樣的，"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 也會印出自本次開機後的核心訊息。"

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: book.translate.xml:16673
msgid ""
"When troubleshooting a kernel, make sure to keep a copy of "
"<filename>GENERIC</filename>, or some other kernel that is known to work, as "
"a different name that will not get erased on the next build. This is "
"important because every time a new kernel is installed, <filename>kernel."
"old</filename> is overwritten with the last installed kernel, which may or "
"may not be bootable. As soon as possible, move the working kernel by "
"renaming the directory containing the good kernel:"
msgstr ""
"在排除核心問題時，請確定留有 <filename>GENERIC</filename> 的複本，或者其他已"
"知可以運作的核心，並使用不同的名稱來確保下次編譯時不會被刪除，這很重要，因此"
"每當新的核心被安裝之後，<filename>kernel.old</filename> 都會被最後安裝�