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<article lang="el">
  <articleinfo>
    <title>Äéáìüñöùóç Áðïèçêåõôéêþí ÌÝóùí ãéá ×ñÞóç ìå ôï FreeBSD</title>

    <subtitle>¸íáò óýíôïìïò ïäçãüò</subtitle>

    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Doug</firstname>

        <surname>White</surname>

        <affiliation>
          <address>
            <email>dwhite@resnet.uoregon.edu</email>
          </address>
        </affiliation>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>

    <pubdate>ÌÜñôéïò 1997</pubdate>

    <legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
      &tm-attrib.freebsd;
      &tm-attrib.iomega;
      &tm-attrib.opengroup;
      &tm-attrib.general;
    </legalnotice>

    <abstract>
      <para>Ôï ðáñüí Ýããñáöï ðåñéãñÜöåé ðþò íá êüøåôå óå ôìÞìáôá (slices),
        êïììáôéÜóåôå (partition) êáé ìïñöïðïéÞóåôå (format/äéáìüñöùóç)
        óêëçñïýò äßóêïõò êáé ðáñüìïéá ìÝóá ðïõ ðñïïñßæïíôáé ãéá ÷ñÞóç ìå ôï
        FreeBSD.  Ôá ðáñáäåßãìáôá äïêéìÜóôçêáí óôï FreeBSD 2.2 áëëÜ ëïãéêÜ
        äïõëåýïõí êáé óôéò Üëëåò åêäüóåéò.  Ôï êåßìåíï Ý÷åé åíçìåñùèåß ãéá ôçí
        Ýêäïóç 4 ôïõ FreeBSD.</para>
    </abstract>
  </articleinfo>

  <sect1>
    <title>ÅéóáãùãÞ êáé Ïñéóìïß</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÃåíéêÜ</title>

      <para>Ôï íá ðñïóèÝôåéò äßóêïõò ìå åðéôõ÷ßá óå Ýíá õðÜñ÷ïí óýóôçìá åßíáé
        ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêü åíüò Ýìðåéñïõ äéá÷åéñéóôÞ óõóôÞìáôïò.  Ôï êüøéìï, ôï
        êïììÜôéáóìá êáé ç ðñïóèÞêç äßóêùí áðáéôåß éäéáßôåñç ðñïóï÷Þ êáé óùóôÞ
        óýíôáîç åíôïëþí.  ¸íá ðéèáíü ëÜèïò ìðïñåß íá åîáöáíßóåé Ýíáí ïëüêëçñï
        äßóêï óå äåõôåñüëåðôá.  Áõôü ôï Ýããñáöï ãñÜöôçêå ùò ðñïóðÜèåéá íá
        áðëïðïéçèåß ç äéáäéêáóßá êáé íá áðïöåõ÷èïýí áôõ÷Þìáôá.  Åõôõ÷þò,
        áíáíåþóåéò õðáñ÷üíôùí åñãáëåßùí (êõñßùò ôïõ sysinstall), óôéò
        ðñüóöáôåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ FreeBSD, Ý÷ïõí âåëôéþóåé ôçí äéáäéêáóßá.</para>

      <para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äýï ðéèáíïß ôñüðïé (modes) ìïñöïðïßçóçò:</para>

      <itemizedlist> 
        <listitem>
          <para><firstterm>óõìâáôÞ ëåéôïõñãßá (compatibility
            mode)</firstterm>: Äéáìüñöùóç ôïõ äßóêïõ þóôå íá Ý÷åé Ýíá ðßíáêá
            ôìÞìáôùí (slice table) êáé íá ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ðáñÜëëçëá
            áðü Üëëá ëåéôïõñãéêÜ óõóôÞìáôá.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><firstterm>áðïêëåéóôéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá (dedicated mode)</firstterm>,
            ìåñéêÝò öïñÝò ëÝãåôáé êáé <firstterm>åðéêßíäõíá áðïêëåéóôéêÞ
            ëåéôïõñãßá</firstterm>: Äéáìüñöùóç åíüò äßóêïõ ÷ùñßò ðßíáêá
            partitions.  Áõôü êÜíåé ôçí äéáäéêáóßá ôçò ðñüóèåóçò äßóêïõ
            åõêïëüôåñç áëëÜ Ýíá ìç-FreeBSD ëåéôïõñãéêü óýóôçìá ðéèáíüí íá ìç
            ìðïñåß íá äåé ôï äßóêï.  Ç Ýêöñáóç <emphasis>åðéêßíäõíá</emphasis>
            áíáöÝñåôáé óôïí êßíäõíï ôïõ üôé ôï óýóôçìá ìðïñåß íá ìçí
            áíáãíùñßóåé Ýíáí äßóêï ìïñöïðïéçìÝíï êáô' áõôüí ôïí ôñüðï.</para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>Óôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðåñéðôþóåéò ç áðïêëåéóôéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá åßíáé ï
        åõêïëüôåñïò ôñüðïò íá óôçèåß êáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß óå õðÜñ÷ïíôá
        óõóôÞìáôá, åöüóïí Ýíáò êáéíïýñãéïò äßóêïò óõíÞèùò ðñïïñßæåôáé ìüíï ãéá
        ôï FreeBSD.  Ðáñüëï ðïõ ç óõìâáôÞ ëåéôïõñãßá äéáóöáëßæåé ìÝãéóôç
        äéáëåéôïõñãéêüôçôá (interoperability) ìå ìåëëïíôéêÝò åãêáôáóôÜóåéò,
        åßíáé ðéï ðïëýðëïêç.</para>

      <para>ÐÝñá áðü ôçí åðéëïãÞ ôñüðïõ ëåéôïõñãßáò õðÜñ÷ïõí äýï ìÝèïäïé
        óôçóßìáôïò ôïõ äßóêïõ.  Ï ðñþôïò ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï åñãáëåßï åãêáôÜóôáóçò
        ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>.  Áðü ôï
        2.1.7-RELEASE êáé ìåôÜ ç <command>sysinstall</command> áðëïðïéåß ôï
        óôÞóéìï ôùí äßóêùí åðåéäÞ åðéôñÝðåé ôçí áðåõèåßáò áëëáãÞ óôï label
        (ôßôëïò) êáé óôá ôìÞìáôá (partitions) ôùí äßóêùí.  ÅðéðëÝïí óáò
        åðéôñÝðåé íá áðïèçêåýóåôå ôéò áëëáãÝò ìüíï óôïí óõãêåêñéìÝíï äßóêï
        ÷ùñßò íá åðçñåÜæåé ôïõò õðüëïéðïõò.  Ï äåýôåñïò ôñüðïò åßíáé íá
        åêôåëÝóåôå äéÜöïñåò åíôïëÝò ìå ôï ÷Ýñé áðï ôçí ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí ùò root. 
        Áí åðéëÝîåôå ôçí áðïêëåéóôéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá ÷ñåéÜæåôå íá åêôåëÝóåôå ìüíï
        2-3 åíôïëÝò åíþ ìå ôï <command>sysinstall</command> ðñÝðåé äïõëÝøåôå
        ëéãÜêé ðáñáðÜíù.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Ïñéóìïß</title>

      <para>Ç äéá÷åßñéóç äßóêùí óôï &unix; Ý÷åé äþóåé íÝá Ýííïéá óå õðÜñ÷ïõóåò
        ëÝîåéò.  Ôï ðáñáêÜôù ëåîéëüãéï åîçãåß ôçí ïñïëïãßá ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýìå
        óå áõôü ôï êåßìåíï êáé óôï FreeBSD ãåíéêÜ (ðñïöáíþò).</para>

<!-- I'm tempted to use GLOSSARY here but will resort to a list for now. -->

      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>óõìâáôÞ ëåéôïõñãßá (compatibility mode): ç äéáìüñöùóç ôïõ
            äßóêïõ þóôå íá Ý÷åé Ýíá ðßíáêá ôìÞìáôùí (slice table) êáé íá
            ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ðáñÜëëçëá ìå Üëëá ëåéôïõñãéêÜ óõóôÞìáôá. 
            Áíôßèåôï ôçò áðïêëåéóôéêÞò ëåéôïõñãßáò.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>(åðéêßíäõíá) áðïêëåéóôéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá: ç äéáìüñöùóç ôïõ äßóêïõ
            êáôÜ ôÝôïéïí ôñüðï þóôå íá ìçí ðåñéÝ÷åé ðßíáêá ôìçìÜôùí (slice
            table).  Åßíáé ðéï åýêïëç äéáäéêáóßá áëëÜ ï äßóêïò ìðïñåß íá ìç
            äïõëåýåé óå ìç-FreeBSD ëåéôïõñãéêÜ óõóôÞìáôá.  Áíôßèåôï ôçò
            óõìâáôÞò ëåéôïõñãßáò.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>äßóêïò: Ïé óêëçñïß äßóêïé, ôá CDROM, ïé ìáãíçôï-ïðôéêÝò
	    óõóêåõÝò êáé ôá áöáéñïýìåíá ìÝóá &iomegazip;/&jaz; åßíáé ìåñéêÝò
	    áðü ôéò óõóêåõÝò ìáæéêÞò áðïèÞêåõóçò äåäïìÝíùí ðïõ
	    ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé óÞìåñá.
	    Ç âáóéêÞ áñ÷Þ ëåéôïõñãßáò áõôþí ôùí ìÝóùí áðïèÞêåõóçò Ýíáò Þ
	    ðåñéóóüôåñïé äßóêïé ïé ïðïßïé ðåñéóôñÝöïíôáé áðü Ýíá ìïôÝñ, åíþ
	    ìéá êåöáëÞ êéíåßôáé óå Ýíá ìïíïðÜôé ðÜíù óôçí áêôßíá ôïõ äßóêïõ
	    êáé äéáâÜæåé áðü ôï äßóêï Þ ãñÜöåé äåäïìÝíá óå áõôüí.
	    Ôï ãñÜøéìï ãßíåôáé ìå ìåôáâïëÞ êÜðïéïõ öõóéêïý ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêïý ôïõ
	    äßóêïõ (ìáãíçôéêÞ ñïÞ, áíáêëáóôéêüôçôá, êëð.) åíþ ôï äéÜâáóìá
	    ãßíåôáé ìå <quote>áíß÷íåõóç</quote> áëëáãþí óôçí ßäéá öõóéêÞ
	    éäéüôçôá ôïõ äßóêïõ.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>ôìÞìá (slice): Ìßá õðïäéáßñåóç åíüò äßóêïõ.  Óýìöùíá ìå ôá
            ðñüôõðá ôùí PC ìðïñïýí íá õðÜñ÷ïõí ìÝ÷ñé 4 ôìÞìáôá óå Ýíáí äßóêï. 
            Ôá ôìÞìáôá áðïôåëïýíôáé áðï óõíå÷üìåíïõò ôïìåßò (sectors). 
            ÕðÜñ÷åé Ýíáò <quote>ðßíáêáò ôìçìÜôùí</quote> (slice table) ðïõ
            ðåñéÝ÷åé ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôá ôìÞìáôá êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü ôï
            BIOS ãéá íá âñåß áðü ðïý ìðïñåß íá îåêéíÞóåé ôï óýóôçìá.  Ï
            ðßíáêáò ôìçìÜôùí ëÝãåôáé êáé <quote>ðßíáêáò êïììáôéþí</quote>
            (partition table) óå ïñïëïãßá DOS ðïõ öôéÜ÷íåôáé áðï ôï ðñüãñáììá
            fdisk.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>êïììÜôé (partition): Ìßá õðïäéáßñåóç åíüò ôìÞìáôïò.  ÓõíÞèùò
            ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá áíáöïñÜ óôéò õðïäéáéñÝóåéò ôùí ôìçìÜôùí
            (slices) ôïõ äßóêïõ óôï FreeBSD.  ÊÜèå óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí
            (filesystem) Þ äåõôåñåýïõóáò ìíÞìçò (swap area) óôïí äßóêï
            âñßóêåôáé óå Ýíá êïììÜôé.  Ôá êïììÜôéá öôéÜ÷íïíôáé ìå ôï åñãáëåßï
            disklabel.</para>
        </listitem>
        
        <listitem>
          <para>ôïìÝáò (sector): Ç ìéêñüôåñç õðïäéáßñåóç åíüò äßóêïõ.  ÓõíÞèùò
            Ý÷åé ìÝãåèïò 512 bytes.</para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Óçìåßá ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóÝîåôå êáé ðáãßäåò</title>

      <para>Äþóôå ìåãÜëç ðñïóï÷Þ óôç äéáäéêáóßá, áí äåí ëÜâåôå ôá ìÝôñá óáò
        êáé ãßíåé ëÜèïò ìðïñåß íá êáôáóôñÝøåôå ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá Üëëùí äßóêùí ôïõ
        óõóôÞìáôïò.</para>

      <para><emphasis>ÐñïóÝîôå ôé êÜíåôå.</emphasis> Åßíáé ðïëý åýêïëï íá
        êáôáóôñÝøåôå ëÜèïò äßóêï äïõëåýïíôáò ìå áõôÝò ôéò åíôïëÝò.  Áí Ý÷åôå
        áìöéâïëßåò åëÝãîôå ôá ìçíýìáôá ôïõ ðõñÞíá êáôÜ ôç äéáäéêáóßá åêêßíçóçò
        ãéá íá âñåßôå ôç óùóôÞ óõóêåõÞ äßóêïõ.</para>

      <para>ÖõóéêÜ äåí Ý÷ïõìå êáìßá åõèýíç ãéá æçìéÝò ðïõ ìðïñåß íá
        ðñïêëçèïýí.  Ç åõèýíç åßíáé äéêÞ óáò!</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Zip, Jazz, êáé Üëëá áöáéñïýìåíá ìÝóá</title>

      <para>Ïé áöáéñïýìåíïé äßóêïé ìðïñïýí íá äéáìïñöùèïýí óáí êáíïíéêïß
        äßóêïé.  Ôï óçìáíôéêü åßíáé íá åßíáé óõíäåìÝíïò ï ïäçãüò ôïõ äßóêïõ
        êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò êáé ìå äéóêÝôá ìÝóá þóôå íá ìðïñÝóåé
        ï ðõñÞíáò íá äåß óùóôÜ ôçí ãåùìåôñßá ôïõ äßóêïõ.  ÊïéôÜîôå ôé ëÝåé ç
        åíôïëÞ <command>dmesg</command> ãéá íá äåßôå áí ç óõóêåõÞ åßíáé óôçí
        ëßóôá.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá áí ï ðõñÞíáò ãñÜøåé:

        <informalexample>
          <screen>Can't get the size</screen>
        </informalexample>

        ôüôå äåí õðÜñ÷åé äéóêÝôá óôïí ïäçãü.  Áí ãßíåé áõôü èá ðñÝðåé íá
        åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ðñéí äïêéìÜóåôå íá äéáìïñöþóåôå ôçí
        äéóêÝôá.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>Äéáìïñöþíïíôáò äßóêïõò ãéá áðïêëåéóôéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÅéóáãùãÞ</title>

      <para>ÁõôÞ ç ðáñÜãñáöïò ðåñéãñÜöåé ðþò íá öôéÜîåôå äßóêïõò ìüíï ãéá ôï
        FreeBSD.  Èõìçèåßôå üôé ïé äßóêïé áðïêëåéóôéêÞò ëåéôïõñãßáò äåí ìðïñïýí
        íá äéáâáóôïýí áðü Üëëá ëåéôïõñãéêÜ, ïýôå íá êÜíïõí boot.</para>

    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Ðþò íá öôéÜîåôå äßóêïõò áðïêëåéóôéêÞò ëåéôïõñãßáò ìå ôï
        Sysinstall</title>

      <para>To <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>, ôï ðñüãñáììá åãêáôÜóôáóçò
        ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò, Ý÷åé åðåêôáèåß óôéò ôåëåõôáßåò ôïõ åêäüóåéò þóôå íá
        áðëïðïéåß ôçí äéáäéêáóßá ÷ùñéóìïý ôùí äßóêùí êáé íá áðáéôåß ëéãüôåñç
        ðñïóðÜèåéá.  Ôá ðñïãñÜììáôá fdisk êáé disklabel ðïõ õðÜñ÷ïõí óôï
        sysinstall åßíáé ãñáöéêïý ðåñéâÜëïíôïò (GUI - Graphical User
        Interface) êáé ìåéþíïõí ôï ìðÝñäåìá ôïõ êïøßìáôïò ôùí äßóêùí.  Åßíáé
        ðñïöáíþò ï åõêïëüôåñïò ôñüðïò íá êüøåôå äßóêïõò áðü ôçí Ýêäïóç 2.1.7
        êáé ìåôÜ ôïõ FreeBSD.</para>

      <procedure>
        <step>
          <para>ÎåêéíÞóôå ôï sysinstall þò root ãñÜöïíôáò 

            <informalexample>
              <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/stand/sysinstall</userinput></screen>
            </informalexample> 

            óôçí ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>ÅðéëÝîôå <command>Index</command>.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>ÅðéëÝîôå <command>Partition</command>.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>ÅðéëÝîôå ôï äßóêï ðïõ èÝëåôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
            ôá âåëÜêéá êáé ìåôÜ <keycap>SPACE</keycap>.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>Áí èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå üëï ôï äßóêï ãéá ôï FreeBSD, åðéëÝîôå
            <command>A</command>.</para>
        </step> 

        <step>
          <para>èá óáò æçôçèåß:

            <informalexample>
              <screen>Do you want to do this with a true partition entry so as to remain
cooperative with any future possible operating systems on the
drive(s)?</screen>
            </informalexample>

            (ÈÝëåôå íá ôï êÜíåôå áõôü ìå ðñáãìáôéêÜ êïììÜôéá ãéá íá ðáñáìåßíåé
            óõìâáôüò ìå Üëëá ëåéôïõñãéêÜ óõóôÞìáôá?)  ÁðáíôÞóôå
            <command>No</command>.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>Ìüëéò óáò ñùôÞóåé áí üíôùò èÝëåôå íá ôï êÜíåôå áõôü (Do you
            still want to do this) áðáíôÞóôå <command>Yes</command>.</para>
        </step> 

        <step>
          <para>ÅðéëÝîôå <command>Write</command>.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>Èá óáò âãÜëåé ìéá ðñïåéäïðïßçóç ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí åããñáöÞ óå
            õðÜñ÷ïíôá óõóôÞìáôá áðáíôÞóôå <command>Yes</command>.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>ÅðéëÝîôå <command>Quit</command> ãéá íá âãåßôå áðü ôï FDISK
            Editor êáé ìåôÜ <keycap>ESCAPE</keycap> ãéá íá åðéóôñÝøåôå óôï
            Index menu.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>ÅðéëÝîôå <command>Label</command> áðü ôï Index menu.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>ÏíïìÜóôå ôï äßóêï óáò üðùò èÝëåôå (åäþ ïñßæåôå ôá
            partitions).  Áí èÝëåôå ìüíï Ýíá partition ðáôÞóôå ôï
            <command>C</command> ãéá íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ôï partition.  ÌåôÜ
            áðëþò äå÷èåßôå ôéò ðñïåðéëïãÝò ãéá ôá ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíá size,
            partition type Filesystem, êáé mountpoint (ôï ïðïßï äåí
            ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé).</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>ÐáôÞóôå <command>W</command> ìüëéò ôåëåéþóåôå êáé åðéêõñþóôå
            ôéò áëëáãÝò ãéá íá óõíå÷ßóåôå.  Ôï filesystem èá ðåñáóôåß áõôüìáôá
            áðü ôçí åíôïëÞ newfs åêôüò áí åðéëÝîåôå ôï áíôßèåôï.  (Áí âÜæåôå
            êáéíïýñãéï partition óáò óõìöÝñåé íá ôï êÜíåôå!).  Èá óáò äþóåé ôï
            ëÜèïò:

            <informalexample>
              <screen>Error mounting /mnt/dev/ad2s1e on /mnt/blah : No such file or directory</screen>
            </informalexample>

            ÁãíïÞóôå ôï.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>ÐáôÞóôå óõíå÷üìåíá ôï <keycap>ESCAPE</keycap> ãéá íá
            âãåßôå.</para>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Ðùò íá öôéÜîåôå äßóêïõò áðïêëåéóôéêÞò ëåéôïõñãßáò ìÝóá áðü ôçí
        ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí</title>

      <para>ÅêôåëÝóôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò áíôéêáèéóôþíôáò ôï
        <devicename>ad2</devicename> ìå ôï üíïìá ôçò óõóêåõÞò ôïõ äßóêïõ
        (ãñÜøôå dmesg íá åëÝãîåôå áí åßíáé óùóôü).</para>

      <informalexample>
        <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ad2 count=2</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel /dev/ad2 | disklabel -B -R -r ad2 /dev/stdin</userinput>
<lineannotation>ÈÝëïõìå ìüíï Ýíá partition, ïðüôå ìðïñïýìå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõìå ôï êïììÜôé 'c':</lineannotation>
&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ad2c</userinput></screen>
      </informalexample>

      <para>Áí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá áëëÜîåôå ôï disklabel ãéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
        ðïëëáðëÜ partitions (ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá áí èÝëåôå swap) ôüôå êÜíôå:</para>
        
      <informalexample>
        <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ad2 count=2</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel /dev/ad2 > /tmp/label</userinput>
<lineannotation>Áíïßîôå ôï disklabel ãéá íá ðñïóèÝóåôå partitions:</lineannotation>
&prompt.root; <userinput>vi /tmp/label</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -B -R -r ad2 /tmp/label</userinput>
<lineannotation>åêôåëÝóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ newfs óôá partitions üðùò ðñÝðåé</lineannotation></screen>
      </informalexample>

      <para>Ï äßóêïò óáò åßíáé Ýôïéìïò ðñïò ÷ñÞóç.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>Äéáìïñöþíïíôáò äßóêïõò ãéá óõìâáôÞ ëåéôïõñãßá</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÅéóáãùãÞ</title>
      <para>Ç ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí åßíáé ìåí ï åõêïëüôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá öôéÜîåôå
        äßóêïõò áðïêëåéóôéêÞò ëåéôïõñãßáò áëëÜ åßíáé êáé ï äõóêïëüôåñïò ãéá íá
        öôéÜîåôå óõìâáôïýò äßóêïõò. Ôï <command>fdisk</command> áðü ôçí ãñáììÞ
        åíôïëþí èÝëåé ðåñéóóüôåñåò ãíþóåéò ìáèçìáôéêþí êáé ðïëëÝò ãíþóåéò
        ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôïí ðßíáêá êïììáôéþí, êÜôé ðïõ ðñïöáíþò äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá
        ìÜèåôå. Ãé áõôü ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï sysinstall ãéá íá öôéÜîåôå óõìâáôïýò
        äßóêïõò áêïëïõèþíôáò ôéò ïäçãßåò ðáñáêÜôù.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Ðþò íá öôéÜîåôå äßóêïõò óõìâáôÞò ëåéôïõñãßáò ìå ôï
        Sysinstall</title>

      <procedure>
        <step>
          <para>ÎåêéíÞóôå ôï sysinstall þò root ãñÜöïíôáò

            <informalexample>
              <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/stand/sysinstall</userinput></screen>
            </informalexample> 

            óôçí ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>ÅðéëÝîôå <command>Index</command>.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>ÅðéëÝîôå <command>Partition</command>.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>ÅðéëÝîôå ôï äßóêï ðïõ èÝëåôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
            ôá âåëÜêéá êáé ìåôÜ <keycap>SPACE</keycap>.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>Áí èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå üëï ôïí äßóêï ãéá ôï FreeBSD,
            åðéëÝîôå <command>A</command>.</para>
        </step> 

        <step>
          <para>¼ôáí óáò æçôçèåß: 

            <informalexample>
              <screen>Do you want to do this with a true partition entry so as to remain
cooperative with any future possible operating systems on the
drive(s)?</screen>
            </informalexample>

            (ÈÝëåôå íá ôï êÜíåôå áõôü ìå ðñáãìáôéêÜ êïììÜôéá ãéá íá ðáñáìåßíåé
            óõìâáôüò ìå Üëëá ëåéôïõñãéêÜ óõóôÞìáôá?)  ÁðáíôÞóôå
            <command>Yes</command>.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>ÅðéëÝîôå <command>Write</command>.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>¼ôáí óáò æçôçèåß íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôïí boot manager, åðéëÝîôå
            None ìå ôï <keycap>SPACE</keycap> êáé ìåôÜ <keycap>ENTER</keycap>
            ãéá OK.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para><command>Quit</command> (âãåßôå) áðü ôï FDISK Editor.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>Èá óáò ñùôÞóåé êÜôé ó÷åôéêü ìå ôïí boot manager ðÜëé, åðéëÝîôå
            <command>None</command> îáíÜ. </para> </step>

        <step>
          <para>ÅðéëÝîôå <command>Label</command> áðï ôï Index menu.</para>
        </step>  

        <step>
          <para>ÏíïìÜóôå ôï äßóêï üðùò èÝëåôå (åäþ èá ïñßóåôå ôá
            partitions). Aí èÝëåôå ìüíï Ýíá partition áðëþò äå÷èåßôå ôéò
            ðñïåðéëïãÝò ãéá ôá ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíá size, partition type filesystem,
            êáé mountpoint (ôï ïðïßï äåí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé).</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>Ôï filesystem èá ðåñáóôåß áõôüìáôá áðü ôçí åíôïëÞ newfs åêôüò
            áí åðéëÝîåôå ôï áíôßèåôï.  Áí âÜæåôå êáéíïýñãéï partition óáò
            óõìöÝñåé íá ôï êÜíåôå!  Èá óáò äþóåé ôï ëÜèïò:

            <informalexample>
              <screen>Error mounting /mnt/dev/ad2s1e on /mnt/blah : No such file or directory</screen> 
            </informalexample>

            ÁãíïÞóôå ôï.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>ÐáôÞóôå óõíå÷üìåíá ôï <keycap>ESCAPE</keycap> ãéá íá
            âãåßôå.</para>
        </step>
      </procedure>

      <para>Ï äßóêïò óáò åßíáé Ýôïéìïò ðñïò ÷ñÞóç.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>¶ëëåò ëåéôïõñãßåò ìå ôïõò äßóêïõò</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÐñïóèÝôïíôáò swap.</title>

      <para>Êáèþò Ýíá óýóôçìá åðåêôåßíåôáé, ç áíÜãêç ãéá ìåãáëýôåñï swap
        ãßíåôáé üëï êáé ðéï åðéôáêôéêÞ. Ðáñüëï ðïõ ôï íá ðñïóôåèåß swap óå Ýíáí
        õðÜñ÷ïíôá äßóêï åßíáé ôñïìåñÜ äýóêïëï, Ýíáò êáéíïýñãéïò äßóêïò ìðïñåß
        íá ìïñöïðïéçèåß Ýôóé þóôå íá ðåñéÝ÷åé ôï åðéðëÝïí swap ðïõ óáò
        ëåßðåé.</para>

      <para>Ãéá íá ðñïóèÝóåôå swap êáèþò âÜæåôå Ýíá äßóêï óôï óýóôçìá:</para>

      <procedure>
        <step>
          <para>Êáèþò êüâåôå ôï äßóêï (partitioning) áëëÜîôå ôï disklabel êáé
            ïñßóôå ÷þñï ãéá swap óôï êïììÜôé (partition) `b' êáé âÜëôå ôïí
            õðüëïéðï ÷þñï óå êÜðïéï Üëëï êïììÜôé, ð.÷. óôï `a' Þ óôï `e'.  Ôï
            ìÝãåèïò ðïõ äßíåôå åßíáé óå blocks ôùí 512 bytes.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>¼ôáí êÜíåôå newfs óôïí äßóêï, ÌÇÍ ôï êÜíåôå óôï êïììÜôé `c'. 
            Áíôßèåôá, êÜíôå ôï ìüíï óôï êïììÜôé ðïõ äåí åßíáé swap.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>ÐñïóèÝóôå óôï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
            ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

          <informalexample>
	    <programlisting>/dev/ad0b                       none            swap    sw 0 0</programlisting>
          </informalexample>
          
          <para>ÁëëÜîôå ôï <filename>/dev/ad0b</filename> óôï üíïìá ôçò
            êáéíïýñãéáò óáò óõóêåõÞò.</para>
        </step>

        <step>
          <para>Ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå Üìåóá ôï íÝï swap ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí
            åíôïëÞ <command>swapon</command>

            <informalexample>
              <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>swapon /dev/da0b</userinput>
swapon:  added /dev/da0b as swap space</screen>
            </informalexample>
          </para>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÁíôéãñÜöïíôáò ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá äßóêùí</title>
<!-- Should have specific tag -->
      
      <para>Áðü ôïí:  Renaud Waldura
        (<email>renaud@softway.com</email>)</para>

      <para>Ãéá íá ìåôáêéíÞóåôå áñ÷åßá áðü ôïí áñ÷éêü óáò äßóêï óå Ýíáí
        êáéíïýñãéï, êÜíôå:

        <informalexample>
          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ad2 /mnt</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>pax -r -w -p e /usr/home /mnt</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>umount /mnt</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>rm -rf /usr/home/*</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ad2 /usr/home</userinput></screen>
        </informalexample>
      </para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÖôéÜîôå åíùìÝíïõò äßóêïõò ìå ôï CCD</title>

      <para>Áðï ôïí: Stan Brown
        (<email>stanb@awod.com</email>) </para>

      <para>Ìå ôï Concatenated Disk Driver, Þ áëëéþò CCD, ìðïñåßôå íá Ý÷åôå
        ðïëëïýò üìïéïõò äßóêïõò áëëÜ íá óõìðåñéöÝñïíôáé ùò Ýíáò.  Ç äéáäéêáóßá
        ëÝãåôáé óõã÷þíåõóç (striping).  Ìå ôçí åðéêüëëçóç Ý÷åôå êáëýôåñá
        áðïôåëÝóìáôá óôçí ôá÷ýôçôá åðåéäÞ ìïéñÜæïíôáé ïé åããñáöÝò êáé ïé
        áíáãíþóåéò óôïõò äßóêïõò.  ÄéáâÜóôå ôéò manual pages &man.ccd.4; êáé
        &man.ccdconfig.8; Þ ôçí <ulink
        URL="http://stampede.cs.berkeley.edu/ccd/">áñ÷éêÞ óåëßäá ôïõ
        CCD</ulink> ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò.</para>

      <para>Ãéá íá ôñÝîåôå CCD ðëÝïí äåí ÷ñåéÜæåóôå åéäéêü ðõñÞíá.  Ìå ôçí
        åíôïëÞ <command>ccdconfig</command>, öïñôþíåôáé ôï êáôÜëëçëï KLD
        áõôüìáôá áí ï ðõñÞíáò äåí Ý÷åé Þäç õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá CCD.</para>

      <para>Ôá CCD öôéÜ÷íïíôáé óå partitions ôýðïõ
        <emphasis>4.2BSD</emphasis>.  Áí èÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå üëï ôïí
        äßóêï êáé ðÜëé ðñÝðåé íá öôéÜîåôå Ýíá íÝï partition.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá,
        ç åíôïëÞ <userinput>disklabel -e</userinput> ìðïñåß íá äåßîåé:</para>

      <informalexample>
        <screen>#        size   offset    fstype   [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
  c: 60074784        0    unused        0     0     0   # (Cyl.    0 - 59597)</screen>
      </informalexample>

      <para>Äåí ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï partition
        <emphasis>c</emphasis> ãéá CCD, åöüóïí åßíáé ôýðïõ
        <emphasis>unused</emphasis>.  Áíôßèåôá äçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá íÝï partition
        áêñéâþò ßäéïõ ìåãÝèïõò áëëÜ ôýðïõ <emphasis>4.2BSD</emphasis>:</para>

      <informalexample>
        <screen>#        size   offset    fstype   [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
  c: 60074784        0    unused        0     0     0   # (Cyl.    0 - 59597)
<userinput>   e: 60074784        0    4.2BSD        0     0     0   # (Cyl.    0 - 59597)</userinput></screen>
      </informalexample>

        <para>Ãéá íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíá íÝï CCD, åêôåëÝóôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù
          åíôïëÝò. ÐåñéãñÜöïõí ðþò íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôñåßò äßóêïõò.  Áðëþò áëëÜîôå
          ôéò óõóêåõÝò üðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé.  Èõìçèåßôå üôé ïé äßóêïé ðñÝðåé íá
          åßíáé <emphasis>üìïéïé</emphasis>.</para>

      <informalexample>
        <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev ; sh MAKDEV ccd0</userinput>

&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -r -w da0 auto</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -r -w da1 auto</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -r -w da2 auto</userinput>

&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -e da0</userinput>
<lineannotation>ÐñïóèÝóôå ôï partition e ôýðïõ 4.2BSD</lineannotation>
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -e da1</userinput>
<lineannotation>ÐñïóèÝóôå ôï partition e ôýðïõ 4.2BSD</lineannotation>
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -e da2</userinput>
<lineannotation>ÐñïóèÝóôå ôï partition e ôýðïõ 4.2BSD</lineannotation>

&prompt.root; <userinput>ccdconfig ccd0 273 0 /dev/da0e /dev/da1e /dev/da2e</userinput>

&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ccd0c</userinput></screen>
      </informalexample>

      <para>Ç ôéìÞ 273 åßíáé ôï ìÝãåèïò ôïõ stripe. Åßíáé ï áñéèìüò ôùí
        sectors (512 bytes ï êáèÝíáò) óå êÜèå block äåäïìÝíùí ôïõ CCD.
        Èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí 128 kB, êáé äåí ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé äýíáìç
        ôïõ 2.</para>

      <para>Ôþñá ìðïñåßôå íá êÜíåôå mount êáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï CCD óáò
        ìÝóù ôçò óõóêåõÞò <filename>/dev/ccd0c</filename>.</para>

      <para>¸íá ðéü äõíáôü êáé åõÝëéêôï åíáëëáêôéêü ôïõ CCD åßíáé ôï Vinum.
        Ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò óôï <ulink
        URL="http://www.vinumvm.org/">Vinum Project home page</ulink>.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>Åõ÷áñéóôßåò</title>

    <para>Ï óõããñáöÝáò èá Þèåëå íá åõ÷áñéóôÞóåé ôïõò ðáñáêÜôù ãéá ôçí
      óõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõò óå áõôÞ ôçí åñãáóßá ôïõò:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Darryl Okahata (<email>darrylo@hpnmhjw.sr.hp.com</email>)
          ãéá ôéò áðëÝò ïäçãßåò åãêáôÜóôáóçò åíüò äßóêïõ óå áðïêëåéóôéêü ôñüðï
          ëåéôïõñãßáò, ôéò ïðïßåò Ý÷ù ðïëëÝò öïñÝò ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé óôçí
          FreeBSD-questions.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>&a.jkh;
          ðïõ Ýêáíå ôï sysinstall ÷ñÞóéìï ãéá ôÝôïéïõ åßäïõò äïõëåéÝò.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>John Fieber (<email>jfieber@indiana.edu</email>)
          ðïõ Ýäùóå ôéò ðëçñïöïñßåò êáé ôá ðáñáäåßãìáôá ãéá ôï DocBook DTD
          ðÜíù óôá ïðïßá áõôü ôï êåßìåíï âáóßæåôáé.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>&a.grog;
          ðïõ Ýëåãîå ôçí äïõëåéÜ ìïõ, øÜ÷íïíôáò ãéá áíáêñßâåéåò, êáé ãéá ôçí
          õðïóôÞñéîç ôïõ óå äéÜöïñá èÝìáôá.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>
</article>

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