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<article lang="el">
  <articleinfo>
    <title>Õëïðïßçóç ôïõ UFS Journaling óå Ýíá Desktop ÕðïëïãéóôÞ</title>

    <author>
      <firstname>Ìáíþëçò</firstname>
      <surname>ÊéáãéÜò</surname>
      <affiliation>
	<address><email>manolis@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
      </affiliation>
    </author>

    <copyright>
      <year>2008</year>
      <holder role="mailto:manolis@FreeBSD.org">Ìáíþëçò ÊéáãéÜò</holder>
    </copyright>

    <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>

    <releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>

    <legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
      &tm-attrib.freebsd;
      &tm-attrib.general;
    </legalnotice>

    <abstract>
      <para>¸íá óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ðïõ äéáèÝôåé äõíáôüôçôá journaling,
	÷ñçóéìïðïéåß Ýíá áñ÷åßï êáôáãñáöÞò (journal Þ çìåñïëüãéï) óôï ïðïßï
	ãßíïíôáé áñ÷éêÜ ïé åããñáöÝò ðñéí êáôá÷ùñçèïýí óôï êáíïíéêü óýóôçìá
	áñ÷åßùí.  Ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü ìðïñåß íá åîáóöáëéóôåß ç áêåñáéüôçôá ôïõ
	óõóôÞìáôïò áñ÷åßùí óôçí ðåñßðôùóç êáôÜññåõóçò Þ áðüôïìçò äéáêïðÞò ôçò
	ôñïöïäïóßáò ôïõ.  Ç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ journaling äéáóöáëßæåé ôçí óõíïëéêÞ
	áêåñáéüôçôá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò áñ÷åßùí, áëëÜ äåí ìðïñåß íá äéáóöáëßóåé
	üôé äåí èá Ý÷ïõìå áðþëåéá äåäïìÝíùí óå ìåìïíùìÝíá áñ÷åßá ôá ïðïßá
	Þôáí åíäå÷ïìÝíùò óå ÷ñÞóç ôçí þñá ôçò êáôÜññåõóçò.  ¸íá ðëåïíÝêôçìá
	ôïõ journaling åßíáé ç åëá÷éóôïðïßçóç ôïõ ÷ñüíïõ ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé ãéá
	ôïí Ýëåã÷ï ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò áñ÷åßùí óå ðåñßðôùóç êáêïý ôåñìáôéóìïý.  Ôï
	óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí UFS ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü ôï &os; äåí äéáèÝôåé äéêü
	ôïõ åíóùìáôùìÝíï journaling.  Ùóôüóï, ôï ðëáßóéï ëåéôïõñãéþí GEOM óôï
	&os;&nbsp;7.<replaceable>X</replaceable> ðáñÝ÷åé Ýíá íÝï journal
	class ôï ïðïßï äßíåé áõôÞ ôç äõíáôüôçôá, êáé ìÜëéóôá áíåîÜñôçôá áðü
	ôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé.  Óôï Üñèñï áõôü åîåôÜæïõìå
	ðùò ìðïñïýìå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõìå ôï journaling óå Ýíá ôõðéêü desktop
	ìç÷Üíçìá ãéá åñãáóßá ãñáöåßïõ.</para>
    </abstract>
  </articleinfo>

  <sect1 id="introduction">
    <title>ÅéóáãùãÞ</title>

    <para>Áí êáé ïé ðåñéóóüôåñïé åîõðçñåôçôÝò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé óå
      ðåñéâÜëëïíôá ðáñáãùãÞò åßíáé êáëÜ ðñïóôáôåõìÝíïé áðü ìç-áíáìåíüìåíïõò
      ôåñìáôéóìïýò, äåí óõìâáßíåé ôï ßäéï êáé ìå ôï óõíçèéóìÝíï desktop
      ìç÷Üíçìá ôï ïðïßï âñßóêåôáé óôá ÷Ýñéá ôïõ ôåëéêïý ÷ñÞóôç.  Áõôü óõíÞèùò
      äåí ðñïóôáôåýåôáé áðü äéáêïðÝò ñåýìáôïò, åíþ äåí åßíáé êáé ïé ëßãåò ïé
      ðåñéðôþóåéò ðïõ ï êáêüò ôåñìáôéóìüò ïöåßëåôáé óå ëáíèáóìÝíï ÷åéñéóìü
      ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç (êáôÜ ëÜèïò ðßåóç ôïõ reset ê.á.).  Óôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò áðü
      áõôÝò ôéò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ôá Soft Updates ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï óýóôçìá
      áñ÷åßùí UFS ìðïñïýí íá ôï ðñïóôáôåýóïõí áñêåôÜ êáëÜ, áí êáé ìåôÜ ôïí
      ðñïâëçìáôéêü ôåñìáôéóìü áðáéôåßôáé óõíÞèùò Ýëåã÷ïò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò
      áñ÷åßùí, ï ïðïßïò áêüìá êáé üôáí ãßíåôáé óôï ðáñáóêÞíéï, äéáñêåß
      áñêåôü ÷ñüíï.  Óå óðÜíéåò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ìðïñåß íá
      õðïóôåß æçìéÜ ç ïðïßá íá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ÷åéñïêßíçôç åðÝìâáóç ãéá íá
      äéïñèùèåß, åíþ åßíáé ðéèáíÞ êáé ç áðþëåéá äåäïìÝíùí.</para>

    <para>Ç íÝá äõíáôüôçôá ãéá journaling ðïõ ðáñÝ÷åôáé áðü ôï GEOM ìðïñåß
      íá âïçèÞóåé éäéáßôåñá óôéò ðáñáðÜíù ðåñéðôþóåéò, åëá÷éóôïðïéþíôáò ôï
      ÷ñüíï ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé ãéá ôïí Ýëåã÷ï ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò áñ÷åßùí êáé
      åîáóöáëßæïíôáò üôé ôï óýóôçìá èá åðáíÝëèåé ðïëý óýíôïìá óå óôáèåñÞ
      êáôÜóôáóç.</para>

    <para>Ôï Üñèñï áõôü ðåñéãñÜöåé ìéá äéáäéêáóßá ãéá ôçí õëïðïßçóç ôïõ UFS
      journaling óå Ýíá ôõðéêü desktop PC (óôï ïðïßï ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé Ýíáò
      óêëçñüò äßóêïò ôüóï ãéá ôï óýóôçìá üóï êáé ãéá ôá äåäïìÝíá).  Èá ðñÝðåé
      íá áêïëïõèÞóåôå áõôÝò ôéò ïäçãßåò êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ìéáò íÝáò
      åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôïõ &os;.  Ôá âÞìáôá åßíáé áñêåôÜ áðëÜ êáé äåí áðáéôïýí
      éäéáßôåñá ðïëýðëïêåò åíôïëÝò.</para>

    <para>Áöïý äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï Üñèñï, èá îÝñåôå:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá äåóìåýóåôå êÜðïéï ÷þñï óôï äßóêï ãéá ôï journaling êáôÜ
	  ôç äéÜñêåéá ìéáò íÝáò åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôïõ &os;.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá öïñôþóåôå êáé íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôï Üñèñùìá (module)
	  <literal>geom_journal</literal> (Þ ðùò íá åíóùìáôþóåôå ôç
	  ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ óôïí ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá óáò).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå ôá õðÜñ÷ïíôá óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí óáò þóôå
	  íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí journaling, êáé ôé ðáñáìÝôñïõò èá ðñÝðåé íá äþóåôå
	  óôï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> þóôå íá ôá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôï journaling óå íÝåò (Üäåéåò)
	  êáôáôìÞóåéò.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá áíôéìåôùðßóåôå ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôï
	  journaling.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>Ðñéí äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï Üñèñï, èá ðñÝðåé:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>Íá êáôáíïåßôå âáóéêÝò Ýííïéåò ôïõ &unix; êáé ôïõ &os;.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Íá åßóôå åîïéêåéùìÝíïò ìå ôç äéáäéêáóßá åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôïõ &os;
	  êáé ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá
	  <application>sysinstall</application>.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <warning>
      <para>Ç äéáäéêáóßá ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöåôáé åäþ, ðñïïñßæåôáé ãéá ÷ñÞóç óå íÝåò
	åãêáôáóôÜóåéò, üðïõ äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí áêüìá áðïèçêåõìÝíá äåäïìÝíá ÷ñÞóôç.
	Áí êáé åßíáé äõíáôüí íá ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå êáé íá åðåêôåßíåôå ôç
	äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ óå ìç÷áíÞìáôá ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé Þäç óå êáíïíéêÞ ÷ñÞóç,
	èá ðñÝðåé ïðùóäÞðïôå íá
	<emphasis>ðÜñåôå áíôßãñáöá áóöáëåßáò</emphasis> üëùí ôùí óçìáíôéêþí
	äåäïìÝíùí ðñéí åðé÷åéñÞóåôå ïðïéáäÞðïôå áëëáãÞ.  ¼ôáí êÜíåôå áëëáãÝò
	óôá óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí êáé óôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò ôùí äßóêùí óå ôÝôïéï
	åðßðåäï, åßíáé ðéèáíüí íá êÜíåôå ëÜèç ôá ïðïßá èá áðïâïýí ìïéñáßá ãéá
	ôá äåäïìÝíá óáò.</para>
    </warning>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="understanding-journaling">
    <title>Êáôáíüçóç ôïõ Journaling óôï &os;</title>

    <para>Ôï journaling ðïõ ðáñÝ÷åôáé áðü ôï GEOM óôï
      &os;&nbsp;7.<replaceable>X</replaceable> äåí
      åßíáé ðñïóáíáôïëéóìÝíï óå êÜðïéï óõãêåêñéìÝíï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí (üðùò ãéá
      ðáñÜäåéãìá óõìâáßíåé ìå ôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ext3 óôï &linux;) áëëÜ
      ëåéôïõñãåß óå åðßðåäï block.  Áí êáé áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé ìðïñåß íá
      ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß óå äéáöïñåôéêÜ óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí, ãéá ôï
      &os;&nbsp;7.0-RELEASE, åßíáé äõíáôÞ ç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ ìüíï óôï UFS2.</para>

    <para>Ïé ëåéôïõñãßåò journaling ðáñÝ÷ïíôáé öïñôþíïíôáò ôï Üñèñùìá
      <filename>geom_journal.ko</filename> óôïí ðõñÞíá (Þ åíóùìáôþíïíôáò ôç
      ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ óå Ýíá ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá) êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí
      åíôïëÞ <command>gjournal</command> ãéá ôç ñýèìéóç ôùí óõóôçìÜôùí
      áñ÷åßùí.  Ç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ journaling åßíáé ãåíéêÜ èåìéôÞ óå ìåãÜëá
      óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí, üðùò åßíáé ôï <filename>/usr</filename>.  Èá
      ÷ñåéáóôåß ùóôüóï íá Ý÷åôå äåóìåýóåé áðü ðñéí êÜðïéï åëåýèåñï ÷þñï óôï
      äßóêï.</para>

    <para>¼ôáí ãßíåôáé ÷ñÞóç ôïõ journaling óå Ýíá óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí, áðáéôåßôáé
      êÜðïéïò åëåýèåñïò ÷þñïò ãéá íá áðïèçêåýïíôáé ôá äåäïìÝíá ôïõ çìåñïëïãßïõ
      êáôáãñáöÞò (journal).  Ï ÷þñïò ôïõ äßóêïõ ðïõ áðïèçêåýïíôáé ôá
      ðñáãìáôéêÜ äåäïìÝíá áíáöÝñåôáé ùò <emphasis>ðáñï÷Ýáò äåäïìÝíùí (data
      provider)</emphasis>, åíþ ï ÷þñïò óôïí ïðïßï áðïèçêåýåôáé ôï çìåñïëüãéï
      ïíïìÜæåôáé <emphasis>ðáñï÷Ýáò çìåñïëïãßïõ (journal provider).</emphasis>
      Óå ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ ôï journaling ãßíåôáé óå óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ôï ïðïßï Ý÷åé
      Þäç äåäïìÝíá, ïé äýï ðáñï÷åßò ðñÝðåé íá âñßóêïíôáé óå äéáöïñåôéêÝò
      êáôáôìÞóåéò.  Óå ðåñßðôùóç ÷ñÞóçò journaling óå íÝá êáôÜôìçóç, Ý÷åôå ôçí
      åðéëïãÞ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôïí ßäéï ðáñï÷Ýá êáé ãéá ôá äåäïìÝíá êáé ãéá
      ôï çìåñïëüãéï.  Óå êÜèå ðåñßðôùóç, ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç ôçò åíôïëÞò
      <command>gjournal</command>, ïé äýï ðáñï÷åßò óõíäõÜæïíôáé ãéá íá
      äçìéïõñãÞóïõí ôï ôåëéêü óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ðïõ õðïóôçñßæåé journaling.
      Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ÈÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå journaling óôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí
	  <filename>/usr</filename>, ôï ïðïßï âñßóêåôáé óôï
	  <filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad0s1f</filename> (ôï óýóôçìá
	  áñ÷åßùí ðåñéÝ÷åé Þäç äåäïìÝíá).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>¸÷åôå êñáôÞóåé êÜðïéï êåíü ÷þñï óôï äßóêï, óå ìéá êáôÜôìçóç
	  óôï <filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad0s1g</filename>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ìå ôçí ÷ñÞóç ôçò åíôïëÞò <command>gjournal</command>, èá
	  äçìéïõñãçèåß ìéá íÝá óõóêåõÞ, ç
	  <filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad0s1f.journal</filename>, üðïõ
	  ôï <filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad0s1f</filename> èá åßíáé ï
	  ðáñï÷Ýáò äåäïìÝíùí êáé ôï
	  <filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad0s1g</filename> èá åßíáé ï
	  ðáñï÷Ýáò çìåñïëïãßïõ.  Ç íÝá áõôÞ óõóêåõÞ èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ðëÝïí
	  ãéá üëåò ôéò åñãáóßåò ðïõ èá åêôåëïýíôáé óôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>Ï ÷þñïò óôï äßóêï ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé ãéá ôï çìåñïëüãéï åîáñôÜôáé áðü
      ôç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò áñ÷åßùí, êáé ü÷é áðü ôï ìÝãåèïò ôïõ ðáñï÷Ýá
      äåäïìÝíùí.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, óå Ýíá ôõðéêü ìç÷Üíçìá ãñáöåßïõ, èá åßíáé
      áñêåôü íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå 1&nbsp;GB ãéá ôïí ðáñï÷Ýá çìåñïëïãßïõ ôïõ
      óõóôÞìáôïò áñ÷åßùí <filename>/usr</filename>, åíþ óå Ýíá ìç÷Üíçìá ôï
      ïðïßï ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óå åñãáóßåò üðïõ ïé åããñáöÝò óôï äßóêï åßíáé ðïëý
      óõ÷íÝò êáé ìåãÜëåò óå ìÝãåèïò (ð.÷. åðåîåñãáóßá video) èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå
      ðåñéóóüôåñï ÷þñï.  Óå ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ ï ÷þñïò ðïõ Ý÷åé äåóìåõèåß ãéá ôï
      çìåñïëüãéï åîáíôëçèåß ðñéí ãßíåé äõíáôÞ ç åããñáöÞ äåäïìÝíùí óôï
      êáíïíéêü óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí, ôï óýóôçìá èá êáôáññåýóåé ìå kernel
      panic.</para>

    <note>
      <para>Ôá ìåãÝèç ðïõ ðñïôåßíïíôáé åäþ ãéá ôïí ðáñï÷Ýá çìåñïëïãßïõ,
	åßíáé áðßèáíï íá ðñïêáëÝóïõí ðñüâëçìá óå ôõðéêÞ ÷ñÞóç ãñáöåßïõ
	(ðåñéÞãçóç óôï äéáäßêôõï, åðåîåñãáóßá êåéìÝíïõ, áíáðáñáãùãÞ
	ðïëõìÝóùí).  Áí ùóôüóï ôï åßäïò ôçò åñãáóßáò óáò ðåñéëáìâÜíåé Ýíôïíç
	÷ñÞóç ôïõ óêëçñïý äßóêïõ, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôïí áêüëïõèï
	êáíüíá ãéá ôç ìåãáëýôåñç äõíáôÞ áîéïðéóôßá: üëç ç ìíÞìç RAM ôïõ
	óõóôÞìáôïò óáò ðñÝðåé íá ÷ùñÜåé óôï 30% ôïõ ÷þñïõ ôïõ çìåñïëïãßïõ.
	Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí ôï óýóôçìá óáò Ý÷åé 1&nbsp;GB RAM, èá ðñÝðåé íá
	äçìéïõñãÞóåôå çìåñïëüãéï ìåãÝèïõò ðåñßðïõ 3.3&nbsp;GB.
	(ÐïëëáðëáóéÜóôå ôï ìÝãåèïò ôçò RAM ìå ôï 3.3 ãéá íá âñåßôå ôï ìÝãåèïò
	ôïõ çìåñïëïãßïõ.)</para>
    </note>

    <para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï journaling, ðáñáêáëïýìå
      äéáâÜóôå ôç óåëßäá manual ôïõ &man.gjournal.8;.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="reserve-space">
    <title>ÂÞìáôá ÊáôÜ ôçí ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ &os;</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÄÝóìåõóç ×þñïõ óôï Äßóêï ãéá ôï Journaling</title>

      <para>¸íá ôõðéêü desktop ìç÷Üíçìá, Ý÷åé óõíÞèùò Ýíá óêëçñü äßóêï óôïí
	ïðïßï áðïèçêåýïíôáé ôüóï ôï ëåéôïõñãéêü üóï êáé ôá äåäïìÝíá ôïõ
	÷ñÞóôç.  ÓõíÞèùò, ïé ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò êáôáôìÞóåéò ðïõ äçìéïõñãïýíôáé
	áðü ôï <application>sysinstall</application> åßíáé ðåñßðïõ óùóôÝò:
	¸íá desktop ìç÷Üíçìá äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ìåãÜëç êáôÜôìçóç
	<filename>/var</filename>, åíþ ôï ìåãáëýôåñï ìÝñïò ôïõ åëåýèåñïõ
	÷þñïõ áðïäßäåôáé óôï <filename>/usr</filename>, áöïý óôïõò
	õðïêáôáëüãïõò ôïõ áðïèçêåýïíôáé ôá äåäïìÝíá ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç êáé ãßíïíôáé
	êáé ïé åãêáôáóôÜóåéò ôïõ ëïãéóìéêïý.</para>

      <para>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôéò ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò êáôáôìÞóåéò (áõôÝò ðïõ
	äçìéïõñãåß ï åðåîåñãáóôÞò <application>Disklabel</application> üôáí
	ðéÝóåôå ôï <keycap>A</keycap>), äåí ìÝíåé êáèüëïõ åëåýèåñïò ÷þñïò.
	Ùóôüóï êÜèå êáôÜôìçóç óôçí ïðïßá èÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
	journaling, ÷ñåéÜæåôáé áêüìá ìßá ãéá ôçí áðïèÞêåõóç ôïõ çìåñïëïãßïõ.
	Êáèþò ç êáôÜôìçóç <filename>/usr</filename> åßíáé ç ìåãáëýôåñç, ôï
	ðëÝïí ëïãéêü åßíáé íá ôçí ìéêñýíïõìå åëáöñÜ þóôå íá åîáóöáëßóïõìå ôï
	÷þñï ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé ãéá ôï journaling.</para>

      <para>Óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé Ýíáò äßóêïò ìåãÝèïõò
	80&nbsp;GB.  Óôçí áêüëïõèç åéêüíá öáßíïíôáé ïé ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò
	êáôáôìÞóåéò üðùò äçìéïõñãïýíôáé áðü ôïí åðåîåñãáóôÞ
	<application>Disklabel</application> êáôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç:</para>

      <mediaobject>
	<imageobject>
	  <imagedata fileref="disklabel1.png"/>
	</imageobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>Áí ôá ðáñáðÜíù ìåãÝèç åßíáé ðåñßðïõ ôá åðéèõìçôÜ ãéá ôçí
	åãêáôÜóôáóç óáò, åßíáé áñêåôÜ åýêïëï íá ñõèìéóôïýí þóôå íá ãßíåé
	äõíáôÞ ç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ journaling.  Áðëþò ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôá
	ðëÞêôñá ìå ôá âåëÜêéá ãéá íá
	ìåôáêéíÞóåôå ôçí ìðÜñá åðéëïãÞò óôçí êáôÜôìçóç
	<filename>/usr</filename> êáé ðéÝóôå ôï <keycap>D</keycap> ãéá íá
	ôçí äéáãñÜøåôå.</para>

      <para>Ôþñá, ìåôáêéíÞóôå ôçí ìðÜñá åðéëïãÞò óôï üíïìá ôïõ óêëçñïý äßóêïõ
	óôï Üíù ìÝñïò ôçò ïèüíçò, êáé ðéÝóôå <keycap>C</keycap> ãéá íá
	äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ìéá íÝá êáôÜôìçóç ãéá ôï <filename>/usr</filename>.
	Ç íÝá áõôÞ êáôÜôìçóç èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé ìéêñüôåñç êáôÜ 1&nbsp;GB
	(áí Ý÷åôå óêïðü íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå journaling ìüíï óôï
	<filename>/usr</filename>), Þ êáôÜ 2&nbsp;GB (áí Ý÷åôå óêïðü íá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå journaling ôüóï óôï <filename>/usr</filename> üóï êáé
	óôï <filename>/var</filename>).  Óôï äéÜëïãï ðïõ èá åìöáíéóôåß,
	åðéëÝîôå íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí (file system) êáé ãñÜøôå
	<filename>/usr</filename> ùò ôï óçìåßï ðñïóÜñôçóçò
	(mount point).</para>

      <note>
	<para>Åßíáé áíáãêáßá ç ÷ñÞóç journaling óôçí êáôÜôìçóç
	  <filename>/var</filename> partition; ÖõóéïëïãéêÜ, ôï journaling Ý÷åé
	  íüçìá ìüíï óå áñêåôÜ ìåãÜëåò êáôáôìÞóåéò.  Äåí ðñüêåéôáé ùóôüóï íá
	  äçìéïõñãçèåß êÜðïéï ðñüâëçìá áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå journaling óôï
	  <filename>/var</filename>.  Áí ç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ óõãêåêñéìÝíïõ óõóôÞìáôïò
	  áñ÷åßùí åßíáé ìéêñÞ (ôï ïðïßï åßíáé êáé ôï ðéèáíüôåñï óå Ýíá
	  dekstop ìç÷Üíçìá) ßóùò åßíáé êáëÞ éäÝá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ëéãüôåñï
	  ÷þñï óôï äßóêï ãéá ôï çìåñïëüãéï ôïõ.</para>

	<para>Óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò, èá åíåñãïðïéÞóïõìå ôï journaling ôüóï óôï
	  <filename>/usr</filename> üóï êáé óôï <filename>/var</filename>.
	  Ìðïñåßôå öõóéêÜ íá ðñïóáñìüóåôå áõôÞ ôç äéáäéêáóßá óýìöùíá ìå ôéò
	  áíÜãêåò óáò.</para>
      </note>

      <para>Ãéá íá áðëïðïéÞóïõìå, üóï åßíáé äõíáôüí, ôç äéáäéêáóßá, èá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõìå ôï <application>sysinstall</application> ãéá íá
	äçìéïõñãÞóïõìå ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò ðïõ áðáéôïýíôáé ãéá ôï journaling.
	Ùóôüóï, êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò åãêáôÜóôáóçò, ôï
	<application>sysinstall</application> åðéìÝíåé íá ñùôÜåé ãéá óçìåßá
	ðñïóÜñôçóçò óå êÜèå êáôÜôìçóç ðïõ äçìéïõñãåßôáé.  Óôï óçìåßï áõôü,
	äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí óçìåßá ðñïóÜñôçóçò ãéá ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò ìáò, êáé óôçí
	ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá <emphasis>äåí ôá ÷ñåéáæüìáóôå êáí</emphasis>.  Ïé
	êáôáôìÞóåéò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé ãéá ôá çìåñïëüãéá, äåí ðñïóáñôþíôáé
	êÜðïõ.</para>

      <para>Ãéá íá áðïöýãïõìå áõôÜ ôá ðñïâëÞìáôá ìå ôï
	<application>sysinstall</application>, èá äçìéïõñãÞóïõìå áõôÝò ôéò
	êáôáôìÞóåéò ùò ÷þñï swap.  Óôï swap äåí ãßíåôáé ðïôÝ ðñïóÜñôçóç,
	åíþ êáé ôï <application>sysinstall</application> äåí Ý÷åé êáíÝíá
	ðñüâëçìá íá äçìéïõñãÞóåé üóåò ôÝôïéåò êáôáôìÞóåéò ÷ñåéáæüìáóôå.  ÌåôÜ
	ôçí ðñþôç åêêßíçóç, èá ðñÝðåé ùóôüóï íá åðåîåñãáóôïýìå ôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> êáé íá áöáéñÝóïõìå ôéò Ýîôñá
	êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò swap ðïõ äçìéïõñãÞèçêáí êáôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç.</para>

      <para>Ãéá íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ôïõò ÷þñïõò swap, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ðÜëé ôá
	ðëÞêôñá ìå ôá âåëÜêéá ãéá íá
	ìåôáêéíÞóåôå ôçí ìðÜñá åðéëïãÞò óôï Üíù ìÝñïò ôçò ïèüíçò ôïõ
	åðåîåñãáóôÞ <application>Disklabel</application>, Ýôóé þóôå íá åßíáé
	åðéëåãìÝíï ôï üíïìá ôïõ óêëçñïý äßóêïõ.  Êáôüðéí, ðéÝóôå
	<keycap>N</keycap>, äþóôå ôï åðéèõìçôü ìÝãåèïò
	(<replaceable>1024M</replaceable>), êáé åðéëÝîôå
	<quote>swap space</quote> áðü ôï ìåíïý ðïõ åìöáíßæåôáé.  ÅðáíáëÜâåôå
	ãéá êÜèå çìåñïëüãéï ðïõ åðéèõìåßôå íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå.  Óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá
	ìáò, äçìéïõñãïýìå äýï êáôáôìÞóåéò óôéò ïðïßåò èá áðïèçêåýïíôáé ôá
	çìåñïëüãéá ôùí <filename>/usr</filename> êáé
	<filename>/var</filename>.  Ôï ôåëéêü áðïôÝëåóìá öáßíåôáé óôçí
	ðáñáêÜôù åéêüíá:</para>

      <mediaobject>
	<imageobject>
	  <imagedata fileref="disklabel2.png"/>
	</imageobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>Ìüëéò ïëïêëçñþóåôå ôç äçìéïõñãßá ôùí êáôáôìÞóåùí, óáò óõíéóôïýìå
	íá óçìåéþóåôå ôá ïíüìáôá ôïõò êáé ôá óçìåßá ðñïóÜñôçóçò ãéá íá ôá
	Ý÷åôå ðñü÷åéñá êáôÜ ôç öÜóç ôùí ñõèìßóåùí.  Ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü èá
	áðïöýãåôå ôõ÷üí ëÜèç ðïõ ìðïñåß íá êáôáóôñÝøïõí ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç óáò.
	Ï ðáñáêÜôù ðßíáêáò äåß÷íåé ôéò óçìåéþóåéò ìáò ãéá ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá
	ìáò:</para>

      <table pgwide="1">
	<title>ÊáôáôìÞóåéò êáé Çìåñïëüãéá</title>
	<tgroup cols="3">
	<thead>
	  <row>
	    <entry>ÊáôÜôìçóç</entry>
	    <entry>Óçìåßï ÐñïóÜñôçóçò</entry>
	    <entry>Çìåñïëüãéï</entry>
	  </row>
	</thead>

	<tbody>
	  <row>
	    <entry>ad0s1d</entry>
	    <entry>/var</entry>
	    <entry>ad0s1h</entry>
	  </row>

	  <row>
	    <entry>ad0s1f</entry>
	    <entry>/usr</entry>
	    <entry>ad0s1g</entry>
	  </row>
	</tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </table>

      <para>Óõíå÷ßóôå ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç üðùò óõíÞèùò.  Óáò óõíéóôïýìå ùóôüóï íá
	ìçí åãêáôáóôÞóåôå åöáñìïãÝò (ðáêÝôá) ìÝ÷ñé íá ïëïêëçñþóåôå ôç
	äéáäéêáóßá ôïõ journaling.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="first-boot">
      <title>Ðñþôç Åêêßíçóç</title>

      <para>Ôï óýóôçìá óáò èá îåêéíÞóåé öõóéïëïãéêÜ, áëëÜ èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá
	åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> êáé íá äéáãñÜøåôå
	ôéò êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò ãéá ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò swap ðïõ èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí óôá
	çìåñïëüãéá.  ÖõóéïëïãéêÜ, ç êáôÜôìçóç ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ùò êáíïíéêü
	swap ôåëåéþíåé ìå ôï ãñÜììá <quote>b</quote> (ð.÷.  ad0s1b óôï
	ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò).  ÄéáãñÜøôå üëåò ôéò Üëëåò êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò ãéá ôï swap
	êáé åðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò, þóôå íá óôáìáôÞóåé ôï &os; íá ôéò
	÷ñçóéìïðïéåß.</para>

      <para>Ìüëéò ôï óýóôçìá åêêéíÞóåé îáíÜ, èá åßìáóôå Ýôïéìïé íá ñõèìßóïõìå
	ôï journaling.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configure-journal">
    <title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ Journaling</title>

    <sect2 id="running-gjournal">
      <title>ÅêôÝëåóç ôçò ÅíôïëÞò <command>gjournal</command></title>

      <para>¸÷ïíôáò ðñïåôïéìÜóåé üëåò ôéò áðáñáßôçôåò êáôáôìÞóåéò, åßíáé
	ó÷åôéêÜ áðëü íá ñõèìßóïõìå ôï journaling.  Èá ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáâïýìå óå
	êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç, ãéá ôï ëüãï áõôü åéóÝëèåôå óôï óýóôçìá ùò
	<username>root</username> êáé ãñÜøôå:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown now</userinput></screen>

      <para>ÐéÝóôå <keycap>Enter</keycap> ãéá íá âãåßôå óôï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï
	êÝëõöïò.  Èá ðñÝðåé íá áðïðñïóáñôÞóïõìå ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò óôéò ïðïßåò
	èá ãßíåé ôï journaling, óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò ôéò
	<filename>/usr</filename> êáé <filename>/var</filename>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>umount /usr /var</userinput></screen>

      <para>Öïñôþóôå ôï Üñèñùìá ôïõ ðõñÞíá ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé ãéá ôï
	journaling:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal load</userinput></screen>

      <para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôþñá ôéò óçìåéþóåéò óáò ãéá íá êáèïñßóåôå
	ðïéá êáôÜôìçóç ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá êÜèå çìåñïëüãéï.  Óôï
	ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò, ôï <filename>/usr</filename> âñßóêåôáé óôï
	<filename class="devicefile">ad0s1f</filename> êáé ôï çìåñïëüãéï ôïõ
	èá åßíáé óôï <filename class="devicefile">ad0s1g</filename>, åíþ ôï
	<filename>/var</filename> åßíáé óôï
	<filename class="devicefile">ad0s1d</filename> êáé ôï çìåñïëüãéï ôïõ
	èá åßíáé óôï <filename class="devicefile">ad0s1h</filename>.  Èá
	÷ñåéáóôåßôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal label ad0s1f ad0s1g</userinput>

GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1f contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1g contains journal.

&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal label ad0s1d ad0s1h</userinput>

GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1d contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1h contains journal.</screen>

      <note>
	<para>Áí ï ôåëåõôáßïò ôïìÝáò êÜðïéáò áðü ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò åßíáé óå
	  ÷ñÞóç, ç åíôïëÞ <command>gjournal</command> èá óáò åðéóôñÝøåé Ýíá
	  ìÞíõìá ëÜèïõò.  Èá ðñÝðåé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
	  ôçí ðáñÜìåôñï <option>-f</option> ìå ôçí ïðïßá èá õðï÷ñåþóåôå ôçí
	  åðáíåããñáöÞ ôïõ ôïìÝá, ð.÷.:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal label -f ad0s1d ad0s1h</userinput></screen>

	<para>Ìéá ðïõ ðñüêåéôáé ãéá íÝá åãêáôÜóôáóç, åßíáé ìÜëëïí áðßèáíï
	  íá ðñïêáëÝóåôå êÜðïéï ðñüâëçìá.</para></note>

      <para>Óôï óçìåßï áõôü äçìéïõñãïýíôáé äýï íÝåò óõóêåõÝò, ïé
	<filename class="devicefile">ad0s1d.journal</filename> êáé
	<filename class="devicefile">ad0s1f.journal</filename>.  ÁõôÝò
	áíôéðñïóùðåýïõí ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò
	<filename>/var</filename> êáé <filename>/usr</filename>
	ðïõ èá ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóáñôÞóïõìå.  Ðñéí ôéò ðñïóáñôÞóïõìå ùóôüóï,
	èá ðñÝðåé íá èÝóïõìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ journal êáé íá áíáéñÝóïõìå ôçí
	åðéëïãÞ Soft Updates:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs -J enable -n disable ad0s1d.journal</userinput>

tunefs: gjournal set
tunefs: soft updates cleared

&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs -J enable -n disable ad0s1f.journal</userinput>

tunefs: gjournal set
tunefs: soft updates cleared</screen>

      <para>ÐñïóáñôÞóôå ôþñá ÷åéñïêßíçôá ôéò íÝåò óõóêåõÝò óôá áíôßóôïé÷á
	óçìåßá ðñïóÜñôçóçò (óçìåéþóôå üôé ìðïñïýìå ðëÝïí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõìå
	ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>async</option> êáôÜ ôçí ðñïóÜñôçóç):</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o async /dev/ad0s1d.journal /var</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o async /dev/ad0s1f.journal /usr</userinput></screen>

      <para>Åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> êáé
	áíáíåþóôå ôéò êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò ãéá ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò
	<filename>/usr</filename> êáé <filename>/var</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>/dev/ad0s1f.journal     /usr            ufs     rw,async      2       2
/dev/ad0s1d.journal     /var            ufs     rw,async      2       2</programlisting>

      <warning>
	<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ïé ðáñáðÜíù êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò åßíáé óùóôÝò,
	  äéáöïñåôéêÜ èá Ý÷åôå ðñüâëçìá íá åêêéíÞóåôå êáíïíéêÜ óôçí åðüìåíç
	  åðáíåêêßíçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò.</para>
      </warning>

      <para>ÔÝëïò, åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> êáé ðñïóèÝóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç
	ãñáììÞ þóôå íá öïñôþíåôáé ôï Üñèñùìá &man.gjournal.8; óå êÜèå
	åêêßíçóç:</para>

      <programlisting>geom_journal_load="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>Óõã÷áñçôÞñéá! Ôï óýóôçìá óáò åßíáé ôþñá Ýôïéìï ãéá journaling.
	Ìðïñåßôå íá ãñÜøåôå <userinput>exit</userinput> ãéá íá åðéóôñÝøåôå
	óôçí êáíïíéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá (ðïëëáðëþí ÷ñçóôþí) Þ íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï
	óýóôçìá óáò (óõíßóôáôáé) ãéá íá åëÝãîåôå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò óáò.  ÊáôÜ ôçí
	åêêßíçóç, èá äåßôå ìçíýìáôá üðùò ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <screen>ad0: 76293MB XEC XE800JD-00HBC0 08.02D08 at ata0-master SATA150
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1g contains journal.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1h contains journal.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1d contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1d clean.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1f contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1f clean.</screen>

      <para>ÌåôÜ áðü Ýíá ðñïâëçìáôéêü ôåñìáôéóìü èá äåßôå ìçíýìáôá üðùò ôï
	ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <screen>GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1d consistent.</screen>

      <para>Áõôü óõíÞèùò óçìáßíåé üôé ôï &man.gjournal.8; ÷ñçóéìïðïßçóå ôéò
	ðëçñïöïñßåò ôïõ çìåñïëïãßïõ ãéá íá åðéóôñÝøåé ôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí
	óå óôáèåñÞ êáôÜóôáóç.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="gjournal-new">
      <title>×ñÞóç ôïõ Journaling óå ÍÝåò ÊáôáôìÞóåéò</title>

      <para>Áí êáé ç ðáñáðÜíù äéáäéêáóßá åßíáé áðáñáßôçôç ãéá íá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå journaling óå êáôáôìÞóåéò ðïõ Ý÷ïõí Þäç äåäïìÝíá, ç
	áíôßóôïé÷ç äéáäéêáóßá ãéá íÝåò êáôáôìÞóåéò åßíáé ðéï áðëÞ.  Óôçí
	ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ, ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ï ßäéïò ðáñï÷Ýáò ôüóï ãéá
	ôá äåäïìÝíá üóï êáé ãéá ôï çìåñïëüãéï.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, õðïèÝóôå üôé
	Ý÷åôå ðñïóèÝóåé Ýíá íÝï äßóêï êáé Ý÷åôå äçìéïõñãÞóåé ôçí êáôÜôìçóç
	<filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad1s1d</filename>.  Ç äçìéïõñãßá ôïõ
	çìåñïëïãßïõ åßíáé áñêåôÜ áðëÞ êáé öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal label ad1s1d</userinput></screen>

      <para>Ôï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï ìÝãåèïò ôïõ çìåñïëïãßïõ åßíáé 1&nbsp;GB.
	Ìðïñåßôå ùóôüóï íá ôï ñõèìßóåôå ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åðéëïãÞ
	<option>-s</option>.  Ìðïñåßôå íá äþóåôå ôéìÝò óå bytes, Þ íá âÜëåôå
	ìåôÜ ôçí ôéìÞ Ýíá áðü ôá ãñÜììáôá <literal>K</literal>,
	<literal>M</literal> Þ <literal>G</literal> ãéá íá äçëþóåôå
	Kilobytes, Megabytes Þ Gigabytes áíôßóôïé÷á.  Óçìåéþóôå üôé ç åíôïëÞ
	<command>gjournal</command>, äåí èá óáò åðéôñÝøåé íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå
	çìåñïëüãéï ðïõ íá åßíáé áêáôÜëëçëï ëüãù ìéêñïý ìåãÝèïõò.</para>

      <para>Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ãéá íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíá çìåñïëüãéï ìåãÝèïõò
	2&nbsp;GB, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal label -s 2G ad1s1d</userinput></screen>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå Ýðåéôá íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíá óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí óôç íÝá óáò
	êáôÜôìçóç, êáé ôáõôü÷ñïíá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôï journaling,
	÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-J</option>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs -J /dev/ad1s1d.journal</userinput></screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="configure-kernel">
      <title>ÅíóùìÜôùóç ôïõ Journaling óå ÐñïóáñìïóìÝíï ÐõñÞíá</title>

      <para>Áí äåí èÝëåôå íá öïñôþóåôå ôï <literal>geom_journal</literal> ùò
	Üñèñùìá, ìðïñåßôå íá åíóùìáôþóåôå ôéò ëåéôïõñãßåò ôïõ óôïí
	ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá óáò.  Åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ
	ðõñÞíá, êáé âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ðåñéëáìâÜíåé ôéò áêüëïõèåò äýï
	ãñáììÝò:</para>

      <programlisting>options UFS_GJOURNAL # Óçìåßùóç: ç åðéëïãÞ áõôÞ õðÜñ÷åé óôï GENERIC

options GEOM_JOURNAL # Èá ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóèÝóåôå áõôÞ ôç ãñáììÞ</programlisting>

      <para>Ìåôáãëùôôßóôå êáé åðáíåãêáôáóôÞóôå ôïí ðõñÞíá óáò ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
	ôéò ó÷åôéêÝò
	<ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/kernelconfig.html">ïäçãßåò óôï Åã÷åéñßäéï ôïõ &os;.</ulink></para>

      <para>Ìçí îå÷Üóåôå íá áöáéñÝóåôå ôçí áíôßóôïé÷ç êáôá÷þñçóç
	<quote>load</quote> áðü ôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> áí ôçí åß÷áôå ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé
	ðñïçãïõìÝíùò.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="troubleshooting-gjournal">
    <title>Áíôéìåôþðéóç ÐñïâëçìÜôùí</title>

    <para>Ôï áêüëïõèï ôìÞìá êáëýðôåé óõ÷íÝò åñùôÞóåéò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ðñïâëÞìáôá
      ðïõ ìðïñåßôå íá óõíáíôÞóåôå óôçí õëïðïßçóç ôïõ jounaling.</para>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
	<question id="kernel-panic">
	  <para>ÊáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá Ýíôïíçò ÷ñÞóçò ôïõ äßóêïõ, ôï óýóôçìá ìïõ
	    óôáìáôÜåé ìå kernel panic.  ÕðÜñ÷åé ðåñßðôùóç áõôü íá ó÷åôßæåôáé
	    ìå ôï journaling;</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>Åßíáé ðéèáíü ôï çìåñïëüãéï íá ãåìßæåé ðñéí ðñïëÜâïõí ôá
	    ðñïçãïýìåíá äåäïìÝíá ôïõ íá ìåôáöåñèïýí óôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí.  Èá
	    ðñÝðåé íá èõìÜóôå üôé ôï ìÝãåèïò ôïõ çìåñïëïãßïõ äåí åîáñôÜôáé
	    áðü ôï ìÝãåèïò ôïõ ðáñï÷Ýá äåäïìÝíùí, áëëÜ áðü ôï öüñôï åñãáóßáò
	    ôïõ.  Áí ç äñáóôçñéüôçôá ôïõ äßóêïõ óáò åßíáé õøçëÞ, èá
	    ÷ñåéáóôåßôå ìåãáëýôåñï ìÝãåèïò ãéá ôçí êáôÜôìçóç ôïõ
	    çìåñïëïãßïõ.  Äåßôå ôç ó÷åôéêÞ óçìåßùóç óôçí åíüôçôá <link
	      linkend="understanding-journaling">Êáôáíüçóç ôïõ Journaling</link>.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question id="unable-boot">
	  <para>¸êáíá êÜðïéï ëÜèïò óôéò ñõèìßóåéò, êáé äåí ìðïñþ ðëÝïí íá
	    îåêéíÞóù êáíïíéêÜ ôï óýóôçìá ìïõ.  ÕðÜñ÷åé ôñüðïò íá ôï
	    äéïñèþóù;</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>Ðéèáíüí îå÷Üóáôå íá ðñïóèÝóåôå (Þ Ý÷åôå êÜíåé ëÜèïò) ôçí
	    êáôá÷þñçóç óôï <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, Þ ßóùò
	    õðÜñ÷åé ëÜèïò óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.  Ôá
	    ëÜèç áõôÜ óõíÞèùò äéïñèþíïíôáé åýêïëá.
	    ÐéÝóôå <keycap>Enter</keycap> ãéá íá îåêéíÞóåôå ôï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï
	    êÝëõöïò ëåéôïõñãßáò åíüò ÷ñÞóôç.  ÌåôÜ åíôïðßóôå ôçí ðçãÞ ôïõ
	    ðñïâëÞìáôïò:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cat /boot/loader.conf</userinput></screen>

	  <para>Áí ëåßðåé Þ õðÜñ÷åé ëÜèïò óôçí êáôá÷þñçóç
	    <literal>geom_journal_load</literal>, ïé áíôßóôïé÷åò óõóêåõÝò
	    äåí äçìéïõñãïýíôáé êáí.  Ìðïñåßôå íá öïñôþóåôå ôï Üñèñùìá
	    ÷åéñïêßíçôá, íá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå üëåò ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò, êáé íá
	    óõíå÷ßóåôå ìå ôçí êáíïíéêÞ åêêßíçóç:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal load</userinput>

GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1g contains journal.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1h contains journal.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1d contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1d clean.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1f contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1f clean.

&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -a</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>exit</userinput>
<emphasis>(ç åêêßíçóç óõíå÷ßæåôáé)</emphasis></screen>

	  <para>Áí ùóôüóï ç êáôá÷þñçóç áõôÞ åßíáé óùóôÞ, ñßîôå ìéá ìáôéÜ
	    óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.  Ôï ðéï ðéèáíü åßíáé
	    íá âñåßôå üôé êÜðïéá êáôá÷þñçóç ëåßðåé, Þ åßíáé ëÜèïò.
	    Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ, ðñïóáñôÞóôå ÷åéñïêßíçôá üëåò ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò
	    êáé óõíå÷ßóôå ôçí åêêßíçóç êáíïíéêÜ.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question id="remove-journaling">
	  <para>Ìðïñþ íá êáôáñãÞóù ôï journaling êáé íá åðéóôñÝøù óôï
	    êáíïíéêü óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ìå ôá Soft Updates;</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>ÂÝâáéá.  ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç äéáäéêáóßá ç ïðïßá
	    áíáéñåß ôéò áëëáãÝò.  Ìðïñåßôå Ýðåéôá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôéò
	    êáôáôìÞóåéò ôùí çìåñïëïãßùí ãéá Üëëï óêïðü, åöüóïí ôï
	    åðéèõìåßôå.</para>

	  <para>ÅéóÝëèåôå ùò <username>root</username> êáé ìåôáâåßôå óå
	    êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown now</userinput></screen>

	  <para>ÁðïðñïóáñôÞóôå ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí
	    journaling:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>umount /usr /var</userinput></screen>

	  <para>Óõã÷ñïíßóôå ôá çìåñïëüãéá:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal sync</userinput></screen>

	  <para>ÓôáìáôÞóôå ôïõò ðáñï÷åßò çìåñïëïãßïõ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal stop ad0s1d.journal</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal stop ad0s1f.journal</userinput></screen>

	  <para>ÄéáãñÜøôå ôá metadata ôïõ journaling áðü üëåò ôéò óõóêåõÝò
	    ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóáôå:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal clear ad0s1d</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal clear ad0s1f</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal clear ad0s1g</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal clear ad0s1h</userinput></screen>

	  <para>ÁíáéñÝóôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ ôïõ journaling, êáé èÝóôå îáíÜ ôçí
	    åðéëïãÞ ãéá Soft Updates:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs -J disable -n enable ad0s1d</userinput>

tunefs: gjournal cleared
tunefs: soft updates set

&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs-J disable -n enable ad0s1f</userinput>

tunefs: gjournal cleared
tunefs: soft updates set</screen>

	  <para>ÐñïóáñôÞóôå ÷åéñïêßíçôá ôéò êáíïíéêÝò êáôáôìÞóåéò:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o rw /dev/ad0s1d  /var</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o rw /dev/ad0s1f  /usr</userinput></screen>

	  <para>Åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> êáé
	    åðáíáöÝñáôå ôéò ðñïçãïýìåíåò ñõèìßóåéò:</para>

	  <programlisting>/dev/ad0s1f     /usr            ufs     rw      2       2
/dev/ad0s1d     /var            ufs     rw      2       2</programlisting>

	  <para>ÔÝëïò, åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï
	    <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, áöáéñÝóôå ôçí êáôá÷þñçóç
	    ðïõ öïñôþíåé ôï Üñèñùìá <literal>geom_journal</literal> êáé
	    åðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò.</para>

	</answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="further-reading">
    <title>ÅðéðëÝïí Ðëçñïöïñßåò</title>

    <para>Ôï journaling åßíáé ìéá ó÷åôéêÜ íÝá äõíáôüôçôá ôïõ &os;, êáé Ýôóé
      äåí åßíáé áêüìá êáëÜ ôåêìçñéùìÝíç.  ºóùò üìùò íá âñåßôå ÷ñÞóéìåò
      ðëçñïöïñßåò óôéò ðáñáêÜôù áíáöïñÝò:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ÕðÜñ÷åé Ýíá <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/geom-gjournal.html">íÝï ôìÞìá ãéá ôï journaling</ulink>
	  óôï Åã÷åéñßäéï ôïõ &os;.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><ulink url="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-June/064043.html">ÁõôÞ ç äçìïóßåõóç</ulink> óôç ëßóôá
	  &a.current.name; áðü ôïí äçìéïõñãü ôïõ &man.gjournal.8;, &a.pjd;.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><ulink url="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-questions/2008-April/173501.html">ÁõôÞ ç äçìïóßåõóç</ulink> óôç ëßóôá
	  &a.questions.name; áðü ôïí &a.ivoras;.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ïé óåëßäåò manual ôïõ &man.gjournal.8; êáé &man.geom.8;.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>
</article>