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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-7"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN"
	"../../../share/xml/freebsd50.dtd">
<!--

  Ïäçãüò ÃñÞãïñçò Åêêßíçóçò ôïõ FreeBSD ãéá ÷ñÞóôåò Linux

  The FreeBSD Greek Documentation Project

  %SOURCE%	en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml
  %SRCID%	1.8

-->
<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="el">
  <info><title>Ïäçãüò ÃñÞãïñçò Åêêßíçóçò ôïõ &os; ãéá ×ñÞóôåò &linux;</title>
    

    <authorgroup>
      <author><personname><firstname>John</firstname><surname>Ferrell</surname></personname></author>
    </authorgroup>

    <copyright>
      <year>2008</year>
      <holder>Ç ÏìÜäá Ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os;</holder>
    </copyright>

    <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>

    <releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>

    <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
      &tm-attrib.freebsd;
      &tm-attrib.linux;
      &tm-attrib.intel;
      &tm-attrib.redhat;
      &tm-attrib.unix;
      &tm-attrib.general;
    </legalnotice>

    <abstract>
      <para>Ôï êåßìåíï áõôü Ý÷åé óêïðü íá âïçèÞóåé óôç ãñÞãïñç åîïéêåßùóç
	÷ñçóôþí &linux; ìÝóïõ / ðñï÷ùñçìÝíïõ åðéðÝäïõ ìå ôéò âáóéêÝò Ýííïéåò
	ôïõ &os;</para>
    </abstract>
  </info>

  <sect1 xml:id="intro">
    <title>ÅéóáãùãÞ</title>

    <para>Ôï êåßìåíï áõôü ôïíßæåé ôéò äéáöïñÝò ìåôáîý ôïõ &os; êáé ôïõ &linux;
      þóôå ìÝóïé Þ ðñï÷ùñçìÝíïé ÷ñÞóôåò ôïõ &linux; íá ìðïñïýí ãñÞãïñá íá
      ðñïóáñìïóôïýí óôéò âáóéêÝò Ýííïéåò ôïõ &os;.  Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ìéá ôå÷íéêÞ
      åéóáãùãÞ óôï &os;, êáé äåí èá áíáöåñèïýìå óå ôõ÷üí
      <quote>öéëïóïöéêÝò</quote> äéáöïñÝò ìåôáîý ôùí äýï óõóôçìÜôùí.</para>

    <para>Ôï êåßìåíï áõôü õðïèÝôåé üôé Ý÷åôå Þäç åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôï &os;.  Áí äåí
      Ý÷åôå åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôï &os; Þ ÷ñåéÜæåóôå âïÞèåéá ìå ôçí äéáäéêáóßá
      åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôïõ, ðáñáêáëïýìå íá äéáâÜóåôå ôï êåöÜëáéï <link xlink:href="&url.base;/doc/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/install.html">Åãêáèéóôþíôáò ôï FreeBSD</link> óôï Åã÷åéñßäéï ôïõ &os;.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 xml:id="shells">
    <title>Êåëýöç: Äåí õðÜñ÷åé Bash;</title>

    <para>¼óïé Ýñ÷ïíôáé áðü ôï &linux; óõ÷íÜ åêðëÞóóïíôáé üôáí áíáêáëýðôïõí
      üôé ôï <application>Bash</application> äåí åßíáé ôï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï
      êÝëõöïò óôï &os;.  Óôçí ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá, ôï
      <application>Bash</application> äåí õðÜñ÷åé êáí óôçí âáóéêÞ äéáíïìÞ ôïõ
      &os;.  Áíôßèåôá, ôï &os; ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï &man.tcsh.1; ùò ôï
      ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï êÝëõöïò.  Ôï <application>Bash</application> êáèþò êáé
      Üëëá êåëýöç ðïõ ßóùò èÝëåôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå, åßíáé äéáèÝóéìá óôç <link xlink:href="article.html#SOFTWARE">ÓõëëïãÞ ÐáêÝôùí êáé Ports</link> ôïõ
      &os;.</para>

    <para>Áí åãêáôáóôÞóåôå äéáöïñåôéêÜ êåëýöç, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
      ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.chsh.1; ãéá íá áëëÜîåôå ôï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï êÝëõöïò
      êÜðïéïõ ÷ñÞóôç.  Óáò óõíéóôïýìå ùóôüóï íá áöÞóåôå ôï êÝëõöïò ôïõ
      <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> óôï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï.  Ï ëüãïò ãéá áõôü åßíáé
      üôé ôá êåëýöç ðïõ äåí ðåñéëáìâÜíïíôáé óôçí âáóéêÞ äéáíïìÞ ôïõ &os;,
      åãêáèßóôáíôáé óôçí ôïðïèåóßá <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> Þ
      <filename>/usr/bin</filename>.  Óå ðåñßðôùóç ðñïâëÞìáôïò, åßíáé ðéèáíüí
      ôá óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí üðïõ âñßóêïíôáé ôá
      <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> êáé <filename>/usr/bin</filename>
      íá ìçí ìðïñïýí íá ðñïóáñôçèïýí.  Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ, ï
      <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> äåí èá åß÷å ðñüóâáóç óôï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï ôïõ
      êÝëõöïò, åìðïäßæïíôáò Ýôóé êáé ôçí åßóïäï ôïõ óôï óýóôçìá.  Ãéá ôï ëüãï
      áõôü, õðÜñ÷åé Ýíáò äåýôåñïò ëïãáñéáóìüò üìïéïò ìå ôïí
      <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, ï <systemitem class="username">toor</systemitem>, ï ïðïßïò
      äçìéïõñãÞèçêå åéäéêÜ ãéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ìå êÜðïéï Üëëï êÝëõöïò.
      Äåßôå ôéò Óõ÷íÝò ÅñùôÞóåéò Áóöáëåßáò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôïí <link xlink:href="&url.base;/doc/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/faq/security.html#TOOR-ACCOUNT">ëïãáñéáóìü toor</link>.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 xml:id="software">
    <title>ÐáêÝôá êáé Ports: ÐñïóèÝôïíôáò ëïãéóìéêü óôï &os;</title>

    <para>Åêôüò áðü ôçí ðáñáäïóéáêÞ ìÝèïäï åãêáôÜóôáóçò ëïãéóìéêïý ôïõ
      &unix; (êáôÝâáóìá ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, áðïóõìðßåóç ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ,
      åðåîåñãáóßá êáé ìåôáãëþôôéóç), ôï &os; ðñïóöÝñåé äýï áêüìá ìåèüäïõò ãéá
      ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç åöáñìïãþí: ôá ðáêÝôá êáé ôá ports.  Ãéá ìéá ðëÞñç ëßóôá
      üëùí ôùí äéáèÝóéìùí ðáêÝôùí êáé ports, äåßôå <link xlink:href="http://www.freebsd.org/ports/master-index.html">åäþ</link>.</para>

    <sect2 xml:id="packages">
      <title>ÐáêÝôá</title>

      <para>Ôá ðáêÝôá åßíáé ðñï-ìåôáãëùôôéóìÝíåò åöáñìïãÝò, èá ëÝãáìå ôï
	áíôßóôïé÷ï ãéá ôï &os; ôùí áñ÷åßùí <filename>.deb</filename> óå
	óõóôÞìáôá Debian/Ubuntu êáé ôùí áñ÷åßùí <filename>.rpm</filename> óå
	óõóôÞìáôá Red&nbsp;Hat/Fedora.  Ôá ðáêÝôá åãêáèßóôáíôáé
	÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.pkg.add.1;.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ç
	áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ åãêáèéóôÜ ôïí
	<application>Apache 2.2</application>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add /tmp/apache-2.2.6_2.tbz</userinput></screen>

      <para>Ç ÷ñÞóç ôçò ðáñáìÝôñïõ <option>-r</option> ïäçãåß ôçí
	&man.pkg.add.1; íá êáôåâÜóåé áõôüìáôá ôüóï ôï ðáêÝôï, üóï êáé ôéò
	åîáñôÞóåéò ôïõ, êáé íá ôï åãêáôáóôÞóåé:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r apache22</userinput>
Fetching ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6.2-release/Latest/apache22.tbz... Done.
Fetching ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6.2-release/All/expat-2.0.0_1.tbz... Done.
Fetching ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6.2-release/All/perl-5.8.8_1.tbz... Done.
[snip]

To run apache www server from startup, add apache22_enable="YES"
in your /etc/rc.conf. Extra options can be found in startup script.</screen>

      <note>
	<para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ìéá <quote>åðßóçìç</quote> Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os;
	  (6.2, 6.3, 7.0, êëð. ðïõ ãåíéêÜ ìðïñåßôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå áðü
	  CD-ROM) ç åíôïëÞ <command>pkg_add -r</command> èá êáôåâÜóåé ôá
	  ðáêÝôá ðïõ öôéÜ÷ôçêáí ãéá áõôÞ ôç óõãêåêñéìÝíç Ýêäïóç.  Ôá ðáêÝôá
	  áõôÜ <emphasis>ßóùò äåí ðåñéÝ÷ïõí</emphasis> ôéò ðëÝïí ôåëåõôáßåò
	  åêäüóåéò ôùí åöáñìïãþí.  Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí ìåôáâëçôÞ
	  ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò <envar>PACKAGESITE</envar> ãéá íá ðáñáêÜìøåôå áõôÞ
	  ôçí ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç óõìðåñéöïñÜ.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, èÝôïíôáò ôçí
	  <envar>PACKAGESITE</envar> óôçí ôéìÞ
	  <uri xlink:href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6-stable/Latest/">ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6-stable/Latest/</uri>
	  èá êáôåâÜóåôå ôá ðéï ðñüóöáôá ðáêÝôá ðïõ õðÜñ÷ïõí ãéá ôç óåéñÜ
	  6.X.</para>
      </note>

      <para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôá ðáêÝôá, ðáñáêáëïýìå
	äéáâÜóôå ôçí åíüôçôá 4.4 óôï Åã÷åéñßäéï ôïõ &os;: <link xlink:href="&url.base;/doc/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/packages-using.html">×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï Óýóôçìá Packages</link>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 xml:id="ports">
      <title>Ports</title>

      <para>Ç äåýôåñç ìÝèïäïò ãéá ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç åöáñìïãþí óôï &os; åßíáé ç
	ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports.  Ç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports åßíáé Ýíá ðëáßóéï ëåéôïõñãéþí
	ðïõ áðïôåëåßôáé áðü <filename>Makefiles</filename> êáé áñ÷åßá äéáöïñþí
	(patches) ôá ïðïßá Ý÷ïõí äçìéïõñãçèåß åéäéêÜ, þóôå íá åßíáé äõíáôÞ ç
	åãêáôÜóôáóç äéÜöïñùí åöáñìïãþí óôï &os; áðü ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôïõò.
	¼ôáí åãêáèéóôÜôå Ýíá port, ôï óýóôçìá èá êáôåâÜóåé ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá,
	èá åöáñìüóåé üëåò ôéò áðáéôïýìåíåò áëëáãÝò ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôá patches,
	èá ìåôáãëùôôßóåé ôïí êþäéêá, êáé ôÝëïò èá åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôçí åöáñìïãÞ.
	Èá áêïëïõèÞóåé ôçí ßäéá äéáäéêáóßá êáé ãéá ïðïéáäÞðïôå ôõ÷üí
	åîáñôþìåíá ðñïãñÜììáôá.</para>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports (ç ïðïßá ìåñéêÝò öïñÝò
	áíáöÝñåôáé êáé ùò <quote>äÝíôñï ôùí ports</quote>), óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	<filename>/usr/ports</filename>.  Áõôü âÝâáéá ðñïûðïèÝôåé üôé
	åãêáôáóôÞóáôå ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò åãêáôÜóôáóçò
	ôïõ &os;.  Áí äåí ôï Ý÷åôå êÜíåé, ìðïñåßôå íá ôçí ðñïóèÝóåôå áðü ôï
	CD åãêáôÜóôáóçò ìå ôçí âïÞèåéá ôïõ &man.sysinstall.8; Þ íá ôçí
	êáôåâÜóåôå áðü ôïõò åîõðçñåôçôÝò ôïõ &os; ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ
	&man.csup.1; Þ ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.portsnap.8;.  Ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå
	ëåðôïìåñåßò ïäçãßåò ãéá ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports óôçí
	<link xlink:href="&url.base;/doc/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/ports-using.html">åíüôçôá 4.5.1</link>
	ôïõ åã÷åéñéäßïõ.</para>

      <para>Ç åãêáôÜóôáóç åíüò port åßíáé ãåíéêÜ ôüóï áðëÞ üóï ôï íá åéóÝëèåôå
	óôïí êáôÜëïãï ôïõ êáé íá îåêéíÞóåôå ôçí äéáäéêáóßá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.  Óôï
	áêüëïõèï ðáñÜäåéãìá ãßíåôáé åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ
	<application>Apache 2.2</application> áðü ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí
	Ports:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/www/apache22</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>

      <para>¸íá óçìáíôéêü ðëåïíÝêôçìá ôçò ÷ñÞóçò ports óôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç
	ëïãéóìéêïý åßíáé ç éêáíüôçôá ðñïóáñìïãÞò ôùí åðéëïãþí åãêáôÜóôáóçò.
	Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, üôáí åãêáèéóôÜôå ôïí
	<application>Apache 2.2</application> áðü ôá ports ìðïñåßôå íá
	åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <application>mod_ldap</application>
	èÝôïíôáò áðëþò ôéìÞ óôç ìåôáâëçôÞ <varname>WITH_LDAP</varname> ôïõ
	&man.make.1;:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/www/apache22</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make WITH_LDAP="YES" install clean</userinput></screen>

      <para>ÄéáâÜóôå ôçí åíüôçôá 4.5 ôïõ Åã÷åéñéäßïõ ôïõ &os;, <link xlink:href="&url.base;/doc/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/ports-using.html">×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí Ports Collection</link>, ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò
	ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 xml:id="which">
      <title>Ports Þ ðáêÝôá, ôé ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóù;</title>

      <para>Ôá ðáêÝôá åßíáé óôçí ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá áðëþò ðñï-ìåôáãëùôôéóìÝíá
	ports, Üñá åßíáé ðåñéóóüôåñï èÝìá åðéëïãÞò áí åßíáé åðéèõìçôÞ ç
	åãêáôÜóôáóç áðü ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá Þ áðü Ýôïéìá åêôåëÝóéìá.  ÊÜèå
	ìÝèïäïò Ý÷åé ôá ðëåïíåêôÞìáôá ôçò:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<title>ÐáêÝôá (Ýôïéìá åêôåëÝóéìá)</title>

	<listitem><simpara>Ðéï ãñÞãïñç åãêáôÜóôáóç (ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ìåãÜëùí
	  åöáñìïãþí ìðïñåß íá äéáñêÝóåé áñêåôÞ þñá).</simpara></listitem>

	<listitem><simpara>Äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá êáôáíïåßôå ðùò ãßíåôáé ç
	  ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ ëïãéóìéêïý.</simpara></listitem>

	<listitem><simpara>Äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ìåôáãëùôôéóôÝò óôï
	  óýóôçìá óáò.</simpara></listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <itemizedlist>
	<title>Ports (ðçãáßïò êþäéêáò)</title>

	<listitem><simpara>Éêáíüôçôá ðñïóáñìïãÞò ôùí åðéëïãþí åãêáôÜóôáóçò.
	  (Ôá ðáêÝôá óõíÞèùò ìåôáãëùôôßæïíôáé ìå ôéò ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò åðéëïãÝò).
	  Ìå ôá ports ìðïñåßôå íá ðñïóáñìüóåôå äéÜöïñåò åðéëïãÝò, üðùò ôçí
	  ìåôáãëþôôéóç ðñüóèåôùí áñèñùìÜôùí, Þ áëëáãÞ ôçò ðñïåðéëåãìÝíçò
	  èÝóçò åãêáôÜóôáóçò.</simpara></listitem>

	<listitem><simpara>Ìðïñåßôå íá âÜëåôå ôéò äéêÝò óáò áëëáãÝò (patches)
	  áí ôï åðéèõìåßôå.</simpara></listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>Áí äåí Ý÷åôå åéäéêÝò áðáéôÞóåéò, ôá ðáêÝôá ðéèáíüí èá óáò
	êáëýøïõí ìéá ÷áñÜ.  Áí ùóôüóï ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ðñïóáñìüóåôå êÜðïéåò
	åðéëïãÝò, ôüôå ç ìÝèïäïò ôùí ports åßíáé ç êáëýôåñç.  (Êáé èõìçèåßôå,
	áí ÷ñåéÜæåóôå ðñïóáñìïãÞ áëëÜ ðñïôéìÜôå ôá ðáêÝôá, ìðïñåßôå ìÝóù ôçò
	óõëëïãÞò ôùí ports íá öôéÜîåôå ôá äéêÜ óáò ðñïóáñìïóìÝíá ðáêÝôá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>make</command>
	<buildtarget>package</buildtarget> êáé áíôéãñÜöïíôáò ôá ðáêÝôá ðïõ
	äçìéïõñãÞóáôå óå Üëëá ìç÷áíÞìáôá.)</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 xml:id="startup">
    <title>Åêêßíçóç ôïõ ÓõóôÞìáôïò: Ðïõ åßíáé ôá run-levels;</title>

    <para>Ôï &linux; ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï óýóôçìá åêêßíçóçò SysV, åíþ ôï &os;
      ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï ðáñáäïóéáêü óýóôçìá åêêßíçóçò BSD.  Óôï óýóôçìá
      &man.init.8; ôýðïõ BSD, äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí run-levels, ïýôå ôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>.  Áíôß ãéá áõôÜ, ç åêêßíçóç åëÝã÷åôáé
      áðü Ýíá script åêêßíçóçò, ôï &man.rc.8;.  To script
      <filename>/etc/rc</filename> äéáâÜæåé ôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> êáé ôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ãéá íá êáèïñßóåé ðïéåò õðçñåóßåò
      ðñüêåéôáé íá îåêéíÞóïõí.  Ïé õðçñåóßåò áõôÝò îåêéíÜíå ìå ôçí åêôÝëåóç
      ôùí áíôßóôïé÷ùí script åêêßíçóçò ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé óôïõò êáôáëüãïõò
      <filename>/etc/rc.d/</filename> êáé
      <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/</filename>.  Ôá scripts áõôÜ åßíáé
      ðáñüìïéá ìå ôá scripts ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé óôïí êáôÜëïãï
      <filename>/etc/init.d/</filename> óå óõóôÞìáôá &linux;.</para>

    <sidebar>
      <para><emphasis>Ãéáôß õðÜñ÷ïõí äýï ôïðïèåóßåò ãéá ôá scripts åêêßíçóçò
	ôùí õðçñåóéþí;</emphasis>  Ôá scripts ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	<filename>/etc/rc.d/</filename> åßíáé ãéá åöáñìïãÝò ðïõ áíÞêïõí óôï
	<quote>âáóéêü</quote> óýóôçìá.  (Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ôéò
	&man.cron.8;, &man.sshd.8;, &man.syslog.3;, êáé Üëëåò.)  Ôá scripts
	ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/</filename>
	åßíáé ãéá åöáñìïãÝò ðïõ Ý÷ïõí åãêáôáóôáèåß áðü ôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò, üðùò ãéá
	ðáñÜäåéãìá ï <application>Apache</application>, ôï
	<application>Squid</application>, ê.ë.ð.</para>

      <para><emphasis>Ðïéá åßíáé ç äéáöïñÜ ìåôáîý ôïõ <quote>âáóéêïý</quote>
	óõóôÞìáôïò êáé ôùí åöáñìïãþí ÷ñÞóôç;</emphasis>  Ôï &os; áíáðôýóóåôáé
	ùò Ýíá ðëÞñåò ëåéôïõñãéêü óýóôçìá.  Ìå Üëëá ëüãéá, ï ðõñÞíáò, ïé
	âéâëéïèÞêåò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò, ïé âáóéêÝò åíôïëÝò (userland, ôá
	ðñïãñÜììáôá üðùò ôï &man.ls.1;, &man.cat.1;, &man.cp.1; êëð.),
	áíáðôýóóïíôáé êáé äçìïóéåýïíôáé ìáæß, ùò óýíïëï.  Áõôü áíáöÝñåôáé êáé
	ùò <quote>âáóéêü</quote> óýóôçìá.  Ïé åöáñìïãÝò ðïõ åãêáèßóôáíôáé áðü
	ôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò, äåí áíÞêïõí óôï <quote>âáóéêü</quote> óýóôçìá, êáé
	ôÝôïéåò åßíáé ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá ï <application>Apache</application>,
	ôï <application>X11</application>, ï
	<application>Mozilla&nbsp;Firefox</application>, êëð.  Áõôïý ôïõ
	åßäïõò ïé åöáñìïãÝò, ãåíéêÜ åãêáèßóôáíôáé ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç ôçò <link xlink:href="article.html#SOFTWARE">ÓõëëïãÞò ÐáêÝôùí êáé Ports</link> ôïõ
	&os;.  Ãéá íá îå÷ùñßæïõí áðü ôï õðüëïéðï <quote>âáóéêü</quote>
	óýóôçìá, ïé åöáñìïãÝò ÷ñÞóôç óõíÞèùò åãêáèßóôáíôáé óå õðïêáôáëüãïõò
	ôïõ <filename>/usr/local/</filename>.  ¸ôóé ôá åêôåëÝóéìá ðñïãñÜììáôá
	ôùí ÷ñçóôþí âñßóêïíôáé óõíÞèùò óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	<filename>/usr/local/bin/</filename>, ôá áíôßóôïé÷á áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí
	ôïõò óôïí êáôÜëïãï  <filename>/usr/local/etc/</filename>,
	ê.ï.ê.</para>
    </sidebar>

    <para>Ïé õðçñåóßåò åíåñãïðïéïýíôáé ìå ôçí ðñïóèÞêç ìéáò åããñáöÞò ôýðïõ
      <literal>¼íïìáÕðçñåóßáò_enable="YES"</literal> óôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> (&man.rc.conf.5;).  Ñßîôå ìéá ìáôéÜ
      óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> ãéá íá äåßôå ôéò
      ðñïåðéëïãÝò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.  Ïé ñõèìßóåéò ðïõ êÜíïõìå óôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> õðåñéó÷ýïõí Ýíáíôé ôùí ðñïåðéëïãþí
      áõôþí.  Åðßóçò, êáôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ðñüóèåôùí åöáñìïãþí, âåâáéùèåßôå
      üôé äéáâÜóáôå ôçí áíôßóôïé÷ç ôåêìçñßùóç ãéá íá âñåßôå ðùò íá
      åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôõ÷üí ó÷åôéêÝò õðçñåóßåò.</para>

    <para>Ôï áêüëïõèï áðüóðáóìá áðü ôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> åíåñãïðïéåß ôçí õðçñåóßá
      &man.sshd.8; êáé ôïí <application>Apache 2.2</application>.  Åðßóçò
      êáèïñßæåé üôé ï <application>Apache</application> èá îåêéíÞóåé ìå
      åíåñãïðïéçìÝíç ôç äõíáôüôçôá SSL.</para>

    <programlisting># enable SSHD
sshd_enable="YES"
# enable Apache with SSL
apache22_enable="YES"
apache22_flags="-DSSL"</programlisting>

    <para>Áðü ôç óôéãìÞ ðïõ ìéá õðçñåóßá åíåñãïðïéçèåß óôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ìðïñåßôå íá ôçí îåêéíÞóåôå áðåõèåßáò
      áðü ôç ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí (÷ùñßò íá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï óýóôçìá
      óáò):</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd start</userinput></screen>

    <para>Áí ìéá õðçñåóßá äåí Ý÷åé åíåñãïðïéçèåß óôï áñ÷åßï áõôü, ìðïñåßôå
      íá åîáíáãêÜóåôå ôçí åêêßíçóç ôçò áðü ôçí ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí ìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
      <option>forcestart</option>:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd forcestart</userinput></screen>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 xml:id="network">
    <title>Ñýèìéóç Äéêôýïõ</title>

    <sect2 xml:id="interfaces">
      <title>ÄéåðáöÝò Äéêôýïõ</title>

      <para>Áíôß ãéá ôï ãåíéêü áíáãíùñéóôéêü ôýðïõ <emphasis>ethX</emphasis>
	ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï &linux; ãéá ôçí áíáãíþñéóç ìéáò äéåðáöÞò äéêôýïõ,
	ôï &os; ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ùò áíáãíùñéóôéêü ôï üíïìá ôïõ ðñïãñÜììáôïò
	ïäÞãçóçò áêïëïõèïýìåíï áðü Ýíá áñéèìü.  Ç áêüëïõèç Ýîïäïò áðü ôçí
	åíôïëÞ &man.ifconfig.8; äåß÷íåé äýï êÜñôåò äéêôýïõ
	&intel;&nbsp;Pro&nbsp;1000 (ìå áíáãíùñéóôéêÜ em0 and em1):</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ifconfig</userinput>
em0: flags=8843&lt;UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
        options=b&lt;RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU&gt;
        inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.10.10.255
        ether 00:50:56:a7:70:b2
        media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX &lt;full-duplex&gt;)
        status: active
em1: flags=8843&lt;UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
        options=b&lt;RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU&gt;
        inet 192.168.10.222 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.10.255
        ether 00:50:56:a7:03:2b
        media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX &lt;full-duplex&gt;)
        status: active</screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 xml:id="ipaddress">
      <title>Ñõèìßóåéò Äéåõèýíóåùí IP</title>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá áíáèÝóåôå ìéá äéåýèõíóç IP óå ìéá äéåðáöÞ äéêôýïõ ìå
	ôç ÷ñÞóç ôçò åíôïëÞò &man.ifconfig.8;.  Ãéá íá ãßíåé ìüíéìç ùóôüóï
	áõôÞ ç áëëáãÞ, êáé íá ìçí ÷Üíåôáé óå êÜèå åðáíåêêßíçóç, èá ðñÝðåé íá
	ôçí ðåñéëÜâåôå óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.  Óôï
	áêüëïõèï ðáñÜäåéãìá öáßíåôáé ç êáôá÷þñçóç ðïõ ðåñéëáìâÜíåé ôï üíïìá
	ôïõ õðïëïãéóôÞ (hostname), ôçí äéåýèõíóç IP, êáèþò êáé ôçí
	ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç ðýëç (defaultrouter):</para>

      <programlisting>hostname="server1.example.com"
ifconfig_em0="inet 10.10.10.100  netmask 255.255.255.0"
defaultrouter="10.10.10.1"</programlisting>

      <para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç êáôá÷þñçóç ãéá íá êáèïñßóåôå üôé
	ìéá äéåðáöÞ èá ëáìâÜíåé ñõèìßóåéò ìÝóù DHCP:</para>

      <programlisting>hostname="server1.example.com"
ifconfig_em0="DHCP"</programlisting>

    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 xml:id="firewall">
    <title>Firewall</title>

    <para>Óôï &linux; ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ôï  <application>IPTABLES</application>
      ôï ïðïßï ðáñÝ÷åé õðçñåóßåò firewall óå åðßðåäï ðõñÞíá.  Ôï  &os; ðáñÝ÷åé
      åðßóçò firewall ìÝóù ôïõ ðõñÞíá.  Ãéá ôçí áêñßâåéá, ôï &os; ðáñÝ÷åé
      ôñßá firewalls:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem><simpara><link xlink:href="&url.base;/doc/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/firewalls-ipfw.html">IPFIREWALL</link></simpara></listitem>
      <listitem><simpara><link xlink:href="&url.base;/doc/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/firewalls-ipf.html">IPFILTER</link></simpara></listitem>
      <listitem><simpara><link xlink:href="&url.base;/doc/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/firewalls-pf.html">PF</link></simpara></listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>Ôï <application>IPFIREWALL</application> Þ
      <application>IPFW</application> (ç åíôïëÞ ÷åéñéóìïý ôùí êáíüíùí ôïõ
      <application>IPFW</application> åßíáé ç &man.ipfw.8;) åßíáé ôï
      firewall ðïõ Ý÷åé áíáðôõ÷èåß êáé óõíôçñåßôáé áðü ôçí ïìÜäá áíÜðôõîçò ôïõ
      &os;.  Ôï  <application>IPFW</application> ìðïñåß íá óõíäõáóôåß ìå ôï
      &man.dummynet.4; ãéá íá ðáñÝ÷åé äõíáôüôçôåò äéáìüñöùóçò ôçò êßíçóçò
      ðáêÝôùí (traffic shaping) êáé íá åîïìïéþíåé äéáöïñåôéêïýò ôýðïõò
      óõíäÝóåùí äéêôýïõ.</para>

    <para>ÐáñÜäåéãìá åíüò êáíüíá ôïõ <application>IPFW</application> ðïõ
      åðéôñÝðåé åéóåñ÷üìåíá äåäïìÝíá ðñïò ôçí õðçñåóßá
      <application>SSH</application>:</para>

    <programlisting>ipfw add allow tcp from any to me 22 in via $ext_if</programlisting>

    <para>Ôï <application>IPFILTER</application> åßíáé ìéá åöáñìïãÞ firewall
      ðïõ áíáðôýóóåôáé áðü ôïí Darren&nbsp;Reed.  Äåí Ý÷åé öôéá÷ôåß åéäéêÜ
      ãéá ôï  &os;, êáé Ý÷åé ìåôáöåñèåß êáé óå Üëëá ëåéôïõñãéêÜ,
      óõìðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíùí ôùí NetBSD, OpenBSD, SunOS, HP/UX, êáé
      Solaris.</para>

    <para>ÐáñÜäåéãìá åíüò êáíüíá ãéá ôï <application>IPFILTER</application>
      ðïõ åðéôñÝðåé åéóåñ÷üìåíá äåäïìÝíá ðñïò ôçí õðçñåóßá
      <application>SSH</application>:</para>

    <programlisting>pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to any port = 22</programlisting>

    <para>Ç ôåëåõôáßá åöáñìïãÞ firewall, ôï <application>PF</application>,
      áíáðôýóóåôáé áðü ôï OpenBSD project.  Ôï <application>PF</application>
      äçìéïõñãÞèçêå ùò áíôéêáôáóôÜôçò ôïõ <application>IPFILTER</application>,
      êáé Ýôóé ç óýíôáîç ôïõ <application>PF</application> åßíáé áñêåôÜ
      ðáñüìïéá ìå áõôÞ ôïõ <application>IPFILTER</application>.  Ôï
      <application>PF</application> ìðïñåß íá óõíäõáóôåß ìå ôï &man.altq.4;
      ãéá íá ðáñÝ÷åé õðçñåóßåò ôýðïõ QoS.</para>

     <para>ÐáñÜäåéãìá êáíüíá ôïõ <application>PF</application> ðïõ åðéôñÝðåé
       åéóåñ÷üìåíá äåäïìÝíá ðñïò ôçí õðçñåóßá
       <application>SSH</application>:</para>

     <programlisting>pass in on $ext_if inet proto tcp from any to ($ext_if) port 22</programlisting>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 xml:id="updates">
    <title>Áíáâáèìßæïíôáò ôï &os;</title>

    <para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ôñåéò ìÝèïäïé ãéá ôçí áíáâÜèìéóç åíüò óõóôÞìáôïò &os;: ÌÝóù
      ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, ìÝóù Ýôïéìùí (binary) áíáâáèìßóåùí, êáé ìÝóù ôùí
      CD åãêáôÜóôáóçò.</para>

    <para>Ç åãêáôÜóôáóç ìÝóù ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá åßíáé ç ðéï ðïëýðëïêç, áëëÜ
      ðñïóöÝñåé êáé ôç ìåãáëýôåñç äõíáôÞ åõåëéîßá.  Ç äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ
      ðåñéëáìâÜíåé ôï óõã÷ñïíéóìü ôïõ ôïðéêïý áíôéãñÜöïõ ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá
      ôïõ &os; ìå ôïí êþäéêá ôïõ &os; ðïõ âñßóêåôáé óôïõò åîõðçñåôçôÝò
      <application>CVS</application> (Concurrent Versioning System).  Áðü
      ôç óôéãìÞ ðïõ ôï ôïðéêü áíôßãñáöï ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá åßíáé áíáíåùìÝíï,
      ìðïñåßôå íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå íÝåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ ðõñÞíá êáé ôùí âáóéêþí
      ðñïãñáììÜôùí.  Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï óýóôçìá
      áíáâÜèìéóçò ìÝóù ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, äåßôå ôï êåöÜëáéï
      <link xlink:href="&url.base;/doc/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/updating-upgrading.html">ÅíçìÝñùóç êáé ÁíáâÜèìéóç</link>
      óôï Åã÷åéñßäéï ôïõ &os;.</para>

    <para>Ïé Ýôïéìåò (binary) áíáâáèìßóåéò, åßíáé ðáñüìïéåò ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç ôçò
      åíôïëÞò <command>yum</command> Þ <command>apt-get</command> ãéá ôçí
      áíáâÜèìéóç åíüò óõóôÞìáôïò &linux;.  Ç åíôïëÞ &man.freebsd-update.8;
      èá êáôåâÜóåé ôéò áíáâáèìßóåéò êáé èá ôéò åãêáôáóôÞóåé.  Ìðïñåßôå íá
      êáèïñßóåôå ôçí áõôüìáôç, áíÜ ôáêôÜ äéáóôÞìáôá åêôÝëåóç ôçò, ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç
      ôïõ &man.cron.8;.</para>

    <note>
      <para>Áí ðñüêåéôáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï &man.cron.8; ãéá
	ðñïãñáììáôéóìÝíåò áíáâáèìßóåéò, âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí
	åíôïëÞ <command>freebsd-update cron</command> óôï áñ÷åßï
	&man.crontab.1; ãéá íá åëá÷éóôïðïéçèåß ç ðéèáíüôçôá íá ãßíåôáé
	áíáíÝùóç ôçí ßäéá óôéãìÞ áðü Ýíá ìåãÜëï áñéèìü ìç÷áíçìÜôùí.</para>

      <programlisting>0 3 * * * root /usr/sbin/freebsd-update cron</programlisting>
    </note>

    <para>Ç ôåëåõôáßá åðéëïãÞ áíáâÜèìéóçò, ìÝóù ôùí CD åãêáôÜóôáóçò, åßíáé
      áñêåôÜ îåêÜèáñç.  Áðëþò åêêéíÞóôå áðü ôï CD åãêáôÜóôáóçò êáé åðéëÝîôå
      ôçí áíôßóôïé÷ç åðéëïãÞ áíáâÜèìéóçò (upgrade).</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 xml:id="procfs">
    <title>procfs: ÐåñáóìÝíï áëëÜ ü÷é Îå÷áóìÝíï</title>

    <para>Óôï  &linux;, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá äåßôå ôï
      <filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward</filename> ãéá íá êáèïñßóåôå áí
      åßíáé åíåñãïðïéçìÝíç ç ðñïþèçóç IP (IP forwarding).  Óôï &os; èá ðñÝðåé
      íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï &man.sysctl.8; ãéá íá äåßôå áõôÞ êáé Üëëåò
      ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò, êáèþò ôï &man.procfs.5; èåùñåßôáé ðáñù÷çìÝíï
      óå ðñüóöáôåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ ëåéôïõñãéêïý.  (Áí êáé ç åíôïëÞ
      <command>sysctl</command> åßíáé åðßóçò äéáèÝóéìç êáé óôï
      &linux;).</para>

    <para>Óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ôçò ðñïþèçóçò IP, èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýóáìå ôçí áêüëïõèç
      åíôïëÞ ãéá íá êáèïñßóïõìå áí ç äõíáôüôçôá áõôÞ åßíáé åíåñãïðïéçìÝíç óå
      Ýíá &os; óýóôçìá:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding</userinput>
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0</screen>

    <para>Ç åðéëïãÞ <option>-a</option> ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá íá ðÜñïõìå ìéá
      ëßóôá ìå üëåò ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sysctl -a</userinput>
kern.ostype: FreeBSD
kern.osrelease: 6.2-RELEASE-p9
kern.osrevision: 199506
kern.version: FreeBSD 6.2-RELEASE-p9 #0: Thu Nov 29 04:07:33 UTC 2007
    root@i386-builder.daemonology.net:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC

kern.maxvnodes: 17517
kern.maxproc: 1988
kern.maxfiles: 3976
kern.argmax: 262144
kern.securelevel: -1
kern.hostname: server1
kern.hostid: 0
kern.clockrate: { hz = 1000, tick = 1000, profhz = 666, stathz = 133 }
kern.posix1version: 200112
...</screen>

    <note>
      <para>ÊÜðïéåò áðü ôéò ôéìÝò ðïõ äåß÷íåé ç åíôïëÞ
	<command>sysctl</command> åßíáé ìüíï ãéá áíÜãíùóç.</para></note>

    <para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ðåñéðôþóåéò üðïõ áðáéôåßôáé ôï procfs, üðùò ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá
      üôáí åêôåëåßôå ðáëéüôåñï ëïãéóìéêü, ôï ïðïßï êÜíåé ÷ñÞóç ôçò åíôïëÞò
      &man.truss.1; ãéá ôçí áíß÷íåõóç ôùí êëÞóåùí óõóôÞìáôïò, êáé ãéá ôçí
      <link xlink:href="&url.base;/doc/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/linuxemu.html">Óõìâáôüôçôá ìå ÅêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ &linux;</link>.
      (Áí êáé ç Óõìâáôüôçôá ìå ÅêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ &linux; ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï äéêü
      ôçò procfs, ôï &man.linprocfs.5;).  Áí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå ôï
      procfs, ìðïñåßôå íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôçí áêüëïõèç åããñáöÞ óôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>:</para>

    <screen>proc                /proc           procfs  rw,noauto       0       0</screen>

    <note>
      <para>Ç åðéëïãÞ <option>noauto</option> èá åìðïäßóåé ôçí áõôüìáôç
	ðñïóÜñôçóç ôïõ <filename>/proc</filename> êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç ôïõ
	óõóôÞìáôïò.</para></note>

    <para>ÐñïóáñôÞóôå êáôüðéí ôçí procfs ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí áêüëïõèç
      åíôïëÞ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /proc</userinput></screen>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 xml:id="commands">
    <title>ÓõíçèéóìÝíåò ÅíôïëÝò</title>

    <sect2 xml:id="packageCommands">
      <title>Äéá÷åßñéóç ÐáêÝôùí</title>

      <para>
	<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	  <tgroup cols="3">
	    <thead>
	      <row>
		<entry>ÅíôïëÞ ôïõ &linux; (Red&nbsp;Hat/Debian)</entry>
		<entry>Áíôßóôïé÷ç åíôïëÞ &os;</entry>
		<entry>Óêïðüò</entry>
	      </row>
	    </thead>

	    <tbody>
	      <row>
		<entry><command>yum install package</command> / <command>apt-get install package</command></entry>
		<entry><command>pkg_add -r package</command></entry>
		<entry>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ðáêÝôïõ áðü áðïìáêñõóìÝíï åîõðçñåôçôÞ</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><command>rpm -ivh package</command> / <command>dpkg -i package</command></entry>
		<entry><command>pkg_add -v package</command></entry>
		<entry>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ðáêÝôïõ</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><command>rpm -qa</command> / <command>dpkg -l</command></entry>
		<entry><command>pkg_info</command></entry>
		<entry>Ëßóôá åãêáôåóôçìÝíùí ðáêÝôùí</entry>
	      </row>
	    </tbody>
	  </tgroup>
	</informaltable>
      </para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 xml:id="systemCommands">
      <title>Äéá÷åßñéóç ÓõóôÞìáôïò</title>

      <para>
	<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	  <tgroup cols="3">
	    <thead>
	      <row>
		<entry>ÅíôïëÞ &linux;</entry>
		<entry>Áíôßóôïé÷ç åíôïëÞ &os;</entry>
		<entry>Óêïðüò</entry>
	      </row>
	    </thead>

	    <tbody>
	      <row>
		<entry><command>lspci</command></entry>
		<entry><command>pciconf</command></entry>
		<entry>Ëßóôá óõóêåõþí PCI</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><command>lsmod</command></entry>
		<entry><command>kldstat</command></entry>
		<entry>Ëßóôá öïñôùìÝíùí áñèñùìÜôùí ðõñÞíá</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><command>modprobe</command></entry>
		<entry><command>kldload</command> / <command>kldunload</command></entry>
		<entry>Öüñôùóç/Áðïöüñôùóç áñèñùìÜôùí ðõñÞíá</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><command>strace</command></entry>
		<entry><command>truss</command></entry>
		<entry>Áíß÷íåõóç êëÞóåùí óõóôÞìáôïò</entry>
	      </row>
	    </tbody>
	  </tgroup>
	</informaltable>
      </para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 xml:id="conclusion">
    <title>ÓõìðåñÜóìáôá</title>

    <para>Åõåëðéóôïýìå üôé áõôü ôï êåßìåíï óáò ðáñåß÷å áñêåôÝò ðëçñïöïñßåò
      ãéá íá îåêéíÞóåôå ìå ôï &os;.  Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò êáé ðéï ëåðôïìåñåßò
      ðëçñïöïñßåò, ðáñáêáëïýìå íá äéáâÜóåôå ôï <link xlink:href="&url.base;/doc/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/index.html">Åã÷åéñßäéï ôïõ &os;</link>
      ôï ïðïßï åðßóçò ðåñéÝ÷åé êáé ðïëëÜ èÝìáôá ðïõ äåí êáëýöèçêáí êáèüëïõ óôï
      ðáñüí êåßìåíï.</para>
  </sect1>
</article>