path: root/el_GR.ISO8859-7/articles/new-users/article.sgml

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<article lang="el">
  <articleinfo>
    <title>Ãéá ×ñÞóôåò ÍÝïõò ôüóï óôï FreeBSD üóï êáé óôï Unix</title>

    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Annelise</firstname>

        <surname>Anderson</surname>

        <affiliation>
          <address><email>andrsn@andrsn.stanford.edu</email></address>
        </affiliation>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>

    <pubdate>15 Áõãïýóôïõ, 1997</pubdate>

    <abstract>
      <para>Óõã÷áñçôÞñéá ðïõ åãêáôáóôÞóáôå ôï FreeBSD!  ÁõôÞ ç åéóáãùãÞ åßíáé
        ãéá ÷ñÞóôåò íÝïõò ôüóï óôï FreeBSD üóï <emphasis>êáé</emphasis> óôï
        Un*x&mdash;ãé áõôü îåêéíÜ ìå ôá âáóéêÜ.  ÕðïèÝôù üôé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå
        ôçí Ýêäïóç 2.0.5 ôïõ FreeBSD Þ êÜðïéá íåüôåñç, üðùò áõôÝò äéáíÝìïíôáé
        áðü ôçí BSDi Þ ôï FreeBSD.org, üôé ôï óýóôçìÜ óáò (ðñïò ôï ðáñüí) Ý÷åé
        Ýíá êáé ìüíï ÷ñÞóôç êé üôé ðéèáíüí íá åßóôå áñêåôÜ êáëüò óôçí ÷ñÞóç
        ôùí DOS/Windows Þ ôïõ OS/2.</para>
    </abstract>
  </articleinfo>

  <sect1>
    <title>Óýíäåóç (Login) êáé Áðïóýíäåóç (Logout)</title>

    <para>Óõíäåèåßôå (üôáí äåßôå ôçí ðñïôñïðÞ <prompt>login:</prompt>) óáí ôïí
      ÷ñÞóôç ðïõ äçìéïõñãÞóáôå êáôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç Þ óáí
      <firstterm>root</firstterm>.  (Ç åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ FreeBSD Þäç 8á Ý÷åé Ýíá
      ëïãáñéáóìü ãéá ôïí root.  Ï root ìðïñåß íá ðÜåé ðáíôïý êáé íá êÜíåé ôá
      ðÜíôá, áêüìç êáé íá óâÞóåé êÜðïéá áðáñáßôçôá áñ÷åßá, ãé áõôü íá åßóôå
      ðñïóåêôéêïß!)  Ôá óýìâïëá &prompt.user; êáé &prompt.root; ðáñáêÜôù
      óõìâïëßæïõí ôï prompt (ôï äéêü óáò ìðïñåß íá äéáöÝñåé), ìå ôï
      &prompt.user; íá åßíáé åíüò áðëïý ÷ñÞóôç êáé ôï &prompt.root; íá åßíáé
      ôïõ root.</para>

    <para>Ãéá íá âãåßôå (êáé íá äåßôå Ýíá êáéíïýñéï <prompt>login:</prompt>
      prompt) ãñÜøôå</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>exit</userinput></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>üóåò öïñÝò ÷ñåéáóôåß.  Íáé, ðáôÞóôå <keysym>enter</keysym> ìåôÜ ôéò
      åíôïëÝò, êáé íá èõìÜóôå üôé óôï Unix ôá ìéêñÜ åßíáé äéáöïñåôéêÜ áðü ôá
      êåöáëáßá&mdash;<command>exit</command>, êé ü÷é
      <command>EXIT</command>.</para>

    <para>Ãéá íá êëåßóåôå ôï ìç÷ÜíçìÜ óáò ãñÜøôå</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/sbin/shutdown -h now</userinput></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>Ãéá íá ôï åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/sbin/shutdown -r now</userinput></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>Þ</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/sbin/reboot</userinput></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ðáôþíôáò
      <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Delete</keycap></keycombo>.
      Äþóôå ôïõ ëßãï ÷ñüíï ãéá íá êÜíåé ôç äïõëåéÜ ðïõ ðñÝðåé.  Áõôü åßíáé
      éóïäýíáìï ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>/sbin/reboot</command> óå ðñüóöáôåò
      åêäüóåéò ôïõ FreeBSD êáé åßíáé Ýíáò ðÜñá ðïëý ðéï áóöáëÞò ôñüðïò, óå
      ó÷Ýóç ìå ôï ðÜôçìá ôïõ reset êïõìðéïý.  Äåí èÝëåôå íá áíáãêáóôåßôå íá ôá
      îáíáóôÞóåôå üëá, óùóôÜ;</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>ÐñïóèÝôïíôáò Ýíá Ëïãáñéáóìü ×ñÞóôç</title>

    <para>Áí äåí öôéÜîáôå êáíÝíá ëïãáñéáóìü ÷ñÞóôç üôáí åãêáôáóôÞóáôå ôï
      óýóôçìá, êáé ôþñá Ý÷åôå êÜíåé login óáí root, ìÜëëïí åßíáé ç êáôÜëëçëç
      þñá íá öôéÜîåôå Ýíá ëïãáñéáóìü ÷ñÞóôç ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>adduser</userinput></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>Ôçí ðñþôç öïñÜ ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí adduser, ìðïñåß íá óáò ñùôÞóåé
      ãéá êÜðïéåò ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò ðïõ èá óþóåé.  Ìðïñåß ãéá
      ðáñÜäåéãìá íá èÝëåôå íá âÜëåôå ôïí ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíï öëïéü (shell) íá åßíáé
      csh áíôß ãéá sh, áí óáò ðñïôåßíåé ôï sh óáí ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíï öëïéü.
      Áëëéþò ðáôÞóôå áðëÜ enter ãéá íá äå÷ôåßôå êÜèå ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç ôéìÞ.
      ÁõôÝò ïé ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíåò ôéìÝò óþæïíôáé óôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>/etc/adduser.conf</filename>, ðïõ ìðïñåßôå íá ôéò áëëÜîåôå
      áñãüôåñá.</para>

    <para>¸óôù ïôé äçìéïõñãåßôå Ýíá ëïãáñéáóìü ÷ñÞóôç ìå üíïìá
      <emphasis>jack</emphasis> êáé ðëÞñåò üíïìá <emphasis>Jack
      Benimble</emphasis>.  Ïñßóôå ãéá ôïí jack êé Ýíá êùäéêü ÷ñÞóôç
      (password) áí ç áóöÜëåéá óáò åíäéáöÝñåé (áêüìá êáé ðáéäéÜ ðïõ ðáßæïõí ìå
      ôï ðëçêôñïëüãéï ìðïñåß íá åßíáé åðéêßíäõíá).  ¼ôáí óáò ñùôÞóåé áí èÝëåôå
      íá âÜëåôå ôïí jack êáé óå Üëëåò ïìÜäåò (groups), ãñÜøôå
      <userinput>wheel</userinput></para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>Login group is ``jack''. Invite jack into other groups: <userinput>wheel</userinput></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>Áõôü èá óáò äþóåé ôç äõíáôüôçôá üôáí Ý÷åôå óõíäåèåß óôï óýóôçìá óáí
      <emphasis>jack</emphasis> êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
      <command>su</command> íá ìðïñåßôå íá ãßíåôå root.  ¸ôóé, äåí èá óáò
      ðåéñÜîåé ðïôÝ êÜðïéïò åðåéäÞ êÜíåôå login óáí root.</para>

    <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá óôáìáôÞóåôå ôçí <command>adduser</command> ïðïéáäÞðïôå
      óôéãìÞ ðáôþíôáò
      <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>C</keycap></keycombo>, êáé óôï
      ôÝëïò èá Ý÷åôå ìéá åõêáéñßá íá åãêñßíåôå ôçí äçìéïõñãßá ôïõ íÝïõ ÷ñÞóôç
      Þ íá áñíçèåßôå ðáôþíôáò <keycap>n</keycap>.  Ìéá êáëÞ éäÝá åßíáé åðßóçò
      íá öôéÜîåôå Ýíá äåýôåñï ëïãáñéáóìü ÷ñÞóôç (jill;) Ýôóé þóôå üôáí êÜíåôå
      áëëáãÝò óå êÜðïéá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ jack, íá Ý÷åôå Ýíá ëïãáñéáóìü ðïõ
      ìðïñåßôå íá ôïí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå åýêïëá óå ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ êÜôé ðÜåé
      óôñáâÜ.</para>

    <para>Áöïý ôï êÜíåôå áõôü, ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßóôå ôçí <command>exit</command> ãéá
      íá åðéóôñÝøåôå óôï login prompt êáé óõíäåèåßôå óáí
      <emphasis>jack</emphasis>.  ÃåíéêÜ, åßíáé ìéá êáëÞ éäÝá íá êÜíåôå üóï ôï
      äõíáôüí ðåñéóóüôåñåò áðü ôéò äïõëåéÝò óáò óáí Ýíáò áðëüò ÷ñÞóôçò ðïõ äåí
      Ý÷åé ôçí äýíáìç&mdash;êáé ôï ñßóêï&mdash;ôïõ root.</para>

    <para>Áí Ý÷åôå Þäç äçìéïõñãÞóåé Ýíá ëïãáñéáóìü ÷ñÞóôç êáé èÝëåôå áõôüò ï
      ÷ñÞóôçò íá ìðïñåß íá êÜíåé <command>su</command> óå root, ìðïñåßôå íá
      ìðåßôå óáí root êáé íá áëëÜîåôå ôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>/etc/group</filename>, ðñïóèÝôïíôáò ôïí jack óôçí ðñþôç ãñáììÞ
      (ôï group ìå üíïìá wheel).  ÁëëÜ ðñþôá ðñÝðåé íá åîáóêçèåßôå óôçí ÷ñÞóç
      ôïõ <command>vi</command>, ôïõ åðåîåñãáóôÞ êåéìÝíïõ&mdash;Þ íá
      ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôïí ðéï áðëü åðåîåñãáóôÞ êåéìÝíïõ, ôïí
      <command>ee</command>, ðïõ åãêáèßóôáôáé óå ðñüóöáôåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ
      FreeBSD.</para>

    <para>Ãéá íá óâÞóåôå Ýíá ÷ñÞóôç, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
      <command>rmuser</command>.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>ÄïêéìÜæïíôáò ÄéÜöïñåò ÅíôïëÝò</title>

    <para>ÊÜðïéá óôéãìÞ ðïõ èá åßóôå logged in óáí áðëüò ÷ñÞóôçò, øÜîôå
      ôñéãýñù êáé äïêéìÜóôå êÜðïéåò áðü ôéò åíôïëÝò ðïõ èá óáò âïçèÞóïõí íá
      âñåßôå âïÞèåéá êáé ðëçñïöïñßåò ìÝóá áðü ôï ßäéï ôï FreeBSD.</para>

    <para>ÐáñáêÜôù èá äåßôå êÜðïéåò åíôïëÝò êáé ôé áõôÝò êÜíïõí:</para>

    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>id</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Óáò äåß÷íåé ðïéïò åßóôå!</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>pwd</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Óáò äåß÷íåé ðïõ åßóôå&mdash;ôïí ôñÝ÷ïíôá êáôÜëïãï.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>ls</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Äåß÷íåé ôá áñ÷åßá ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷ïíôáé óôïí ôñÝ÷ïíôá
            êáôÜëïãï.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>ls <option>-F</option></command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Äåß÷íåé ôá áñ÷åßá ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷åé ï ôñÝ÷ïíôáò êáôÜëïãïò
            ôõðþíïíôáò ìåôÜ ôï üíïìá <literal>*</literal> ãéá ôá åêôåëÝóéìá
            <literal>/</literal> ãéá ôïõò êáôáëüãïõò, êáé <literal>@</literal>
            ìåôÜ ôá symbolic links.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>ls <option>-l</option></command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Ôõðþíåé ôá áñ÷åßá ôïõ ôñÝ÷ïíôïò êáôáëüãïõ ìå
            ëåðôïìÝñåéåò&mdash;ìÝãåèïò, çìåñïìçíßá, Üäåéåò.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>ls <option>-a</option></command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Äåß÷íåé åêôüò áðü ôá êáíïíéêÜ áñ÷åßá êáé ôá êñõöÜ
            <quote>dot</quote> áñ÷åßá.  Áí åßóôå root, ôá <quote>dot</quote>
            áñ÷åßá ôá äåß÷íåé Ýôóé êé áëëéþò, êáé ÷ùñßò ôçí åðéëïãÞ
            <option>-a</option>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>cd</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>ÁëëÜæåé ôïí ôñÝ÷ïíôá êáôÜëïãï.  Ç åíôïëÞ <command>cd
            <parameter>..</parameter></command> áíåâáßíåé óôïí ðñïçãïýìåíï
            êáôÜëïãï (óçìåéþóôå ôï êåíü ìåôÜ ôçí <command>cd</command>).  Ç
            åíôïëÞ <command>cd <parameter>/usr/local</parameter></command>
            áëëÜæåé ôïí ôñÝ÷ïíôá êáôÜëïãï óå áõôüí.  Ç åíôïëÞ <command>cd
            <parameter>~</parameter></command> ðçãáßíåé óôïí áñ÷éêü êáôÜëïãï
            ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç ðïõ Ý÷åé êÜíåé login&mdash;ð.÷.  óôïí
            <filename>/usr/home/jack</filename>.  ÄïêéìÜóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
            <command>cd <parameter>/cdrom</parameter></command>, êáé ìåôÜ ôçí
            <command>ls</command>, ãéá íá äåßôå áí ôï CDROM óáò åßíáé åíåñãü
            êáé äïõëåýåé.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>view
            <replaceable>filename</replaceable></command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Áò äïýìå ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá åíüò áñ÷åßïõ (ìå üíïìá
            <replaceable>filename</replaceable>) ÷ùñßò íá ôï áëëÜîïõìå.
            ÄïêéìÜóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>view
            <parameter>/etc/fstab</parameter></command>.  Äþóôå
            <command>:q</command> ãéá íá âãåßôå.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>cat
            <replaceable>filename</replaceable></command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Äåß÷íåé ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá ôïõ <replaceable>filename</replaceable>
            óôçí ïèüíç.  Áí ôï áñ÷åßï åßíáé ðïëý ìåãÜëï, èá ìðïñåßôå íá äåßôå
            ìüíï ôï ôÝëïò ôïõ.  ÐáôÞóôå <keycap>ScrollLock</keycap> êáé
            ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßóôå <keycap>up-arrow</keycap> ãéá íá ìåôáêéíçèåßôå
            ðñïò ôá ðßóù; ôï <keycap>ScrollLock</keycap> ìðïñåß íá
            ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß êáé ìå ôéò óåëßäåò man.  ÐáôÞóôå
            <keycap>ScrollLock</keycap> ðÜëé ãéá íá óôáìáôÞóåôå íá
            ìåôáêéíåßóôå ðÜíù/êÜôù.  ÅíäéáöÝñïí åßíáé íá äïêéìÜóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
            <command>cat</command> óå êÜðïéá áðü ôá dot áñ÷åßá óôïí áñ÷éêü óáò
            êáôÜëïãï&mdash; <command>cat
            <parameter>.cshrc</parameter></command>, <command>cat
            <parameter>.login</parameter></command>, <command>cat
            <parameter>.profile</parameter></command>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>

    <para>Èá ðáñáôçñÞóåôå óôï <filename>.cshrc</filename> óõíôïìåýóåéò ãéá
      êÜðïéåò áðü ôéò åðéëïãÝò ôçò åíôïëÞò <command>ls</command> (åßíáé ðïëý
      âïëéêÝò).  Ìðïñåßôå íá öôéÜîåôå êé Üëëåò óõíôïìåýóåéò áëëÜæïíôáò ôï
      áñ÷åßï <filename>.cshrc</filename>.  Ìðïñåßôå íá êÜíåôå áõôÝò ôéò
      óõíôïìåýóåéò äéáèÝóéìåò óå üëïõò ôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò áí ôéò
      âÜëåôå óôï áñ÷åßï ìå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò óõóôÞìáôïò ôïõ csh, ôï
      <filename>/etc/csh.cshrc</filename>.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>Áíáæçôþíôáò ÂïÞèåéá êáé Ðëçñïöïñßåò</title>

    <para>Áò äïýìå üìùò ìåñéêÝò ÷ñÞóéìåò ðçãÝò âïÞèåéáò.  Óôï ðáñáêÜôù ç ëÝîç
      <replaceable>êåßìåíï</replaceable> áíôéóôïé÷åß óå êÜôé ðïõ åóåßò Ý÷åôå
      åðéëÝîåé íá ãñÜøåôå&mdash;óõíÞèùò ôï üíïìá ìéáò åíôïëÞò Þ åíüò
      áñ÷åßïõ.</para>

    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>apropos
            <replaceable>êåßìåíï</replaceable></command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Ôõðþíåé óôçí ïèüíç üëåò ôéò ãñáììÝò ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷ïõí ôï
            <replaceable>êåßìåíï</replaceable> áðü ôçí <database>âÜóç
            whatis</database>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>man
            <replaceable>êåßìåíï</replaceable></command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Ôõðþíåé óôçí ïèüíç ôçí óåëßäá man ãéá ôï
            <replaceable>êåßìåíï</replaceable>.  Ç êõñéüôåñç ðçãÞ ôåêìçñßùóçò
            ãéá ôá Un*x óõóôÞìáôá.  Ç åíôïëÞ <command>man
            <parameter>ls</parameter></command> èá óáò äåßîåé üëïõò ôïõò
            ôñüðïõò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>ls</command>.
            ÐáôÞóôå ôï <keycap>Enter</keycap> ãéá íá ìåôáêéíçèåßôå óôï
            êåßìåíï,
            <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>b</keycap></keycombo> ãéá
            íá ðÜôå ìéá óåëßäá ðßóù,
            <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>f</keycap></keycombo> ãéá
            íá ðÜôå ìðñïóôÜ, <keycap>q</keycap> Þ
            <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>c</keycap></keycombo> ãéá
            íá ôåñìáôßóåôå ôçí <command>man</command>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>which
            <replaceable>êåßìåíï</replaceable></command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Óáò ëÝåé áðü ðïéïí êáôÜëïãï ôïõ PATH ç åíôïëÞ
            <replaceable>êåßìåíï</replaceable> åêôåëåßôáé.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>locate
            <replaceable>êåßìåíï</replaceable></command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Ôõðþíåé üëá ôá áñ÷åßá ôïõ äßóêïõ ðïõ ôï üíïìÜ ôïõò ðåñéÝ÷åé ôï
            <replaceable>êåßìåíï</replaceable>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>whatis
            <replaceable>êåßìåíï</replaceable></command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Óáò ëÝåé ôé êÜíåé ç åíôïëÞ <replaceable>êåßìåíï</replaceable>
            êáé ðïéá åßíáé ç óåëßäá man ôçò.  ÃñÜöïíôáò <command>whatis
            *</command> èá óáò äþóåé áíôßóôïé÷åò ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá üëá ôá
            åêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ ôñÝ÷ïíôïò êáôáëüãïõ.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>whereis
            <replaceable>êåßìåíï</replaceable></command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Âñßóêåé ôï áñ÷åßï <replaceable>êåßìåíï</replaceable>, êáé
            ôõðþíåé ôï ðëÞñåò üíïìá êáôáëüãïõ ôïõ.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>

    <para>ÌÜëëïí èá åßíáé åíäéáöÝñïí íá äïêéìÜóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
      <command>whatis</command> ãéá êÜðïéåò êïéíÝò êáé ÷ñÞóéìåò åíôïëÝò üðùò
      ïé <command>cat</command>, <command>more</command>,
      <command>grep</command>, <command>mv</command>, <command>find</command>,
      <command>tar</command>, <command>chmod</command>,
      <command>chown</command>, <command>date</command>, êáé
      <command>script</command>.  Ç åíôïëÞ <command>more</command> óáò äßíåé
      ôç äõíáôüôçôá íá äéáâÜóåôå ìéá óåëßäá êÜèå öïñÜ üðùò êáé óôï DOS,
      ð.÷. ãñÜöïíôáò <command>ls -l | more</command> Þ <command>more
      <replaceable>filename</replaceable></command>.  Ï ÷áñáêôÞñáò
      <literal>*</literal> äïõëåýåé óáí ìåôá÷áñáêôÞñáò&mdash;ð.÷., ç åíôïëÞ
      <command>ls w*</command> èá óáò äåßîåé üëá ôá áñ÷åßá ðïõ ôï üíïìÜ ôïõò
      îåêéíÜåé ìå <literal>w</literal>.</para>

    <para>ÌÞðùò êÜðïéá áðü áõôÜ ðïõ åßðáìå äåí äïõëåýïõí êáëÜ; Ôüóï ç åíôïëÞ
      <command>locate</command> üóï êáé ç <command>whatis</command> åîáñôþíôáé
      áðü ìéá âÜóç ðïõ îáíáöôéÜ÷íåôáé ìéá öïñÜ ôç âäïìÜäá.  Áí ôï ìç÷ÜíçìÜ óáò
      äåí ðáñáìåßíåé áíïé÷ôü ôï óáââáôïêýñéáêï (ôñÝ÷ïíôáò ôï FreeBSD), ìðïñåß
      íá èÝëåôå íá ôñÝîåôå åóåßò ôéò åíôïëÝò ãéá êáèçìåñéíÞ, åâäïìáäéáßá êáé
      ìçíéáßá óõíôÞñçóç ðïõ êáé ðïõ.  ÔñÝîôå ôéò óáí root êáé äþóôå ôïõò ÷ñüíï
      íá ôåëåéþóåé ç êáèåìéá ðñéí îåêéíÞóåôå ôçí åðüìåíç.</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>periodic daily</userinput>
<lineannotation>ðáñáëåßðåôáé ç Ýîïäïò ôçò åíôïëÞò</lineannotation>
&prompt.root; <userinput>periodic weekly</userinput>
<lineannotation>ðáñáëåßðåôáé ç Ýîïäïò ôçò åíôïëÞò</lineannotation>
&prompt.root; <userinput>periodic monthly</userinput>
<lineannotation>ðáñáëåßðåôáé ç Ýîïäïò ôçò åíôïëÞò</lineannotation></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>Áí âáñåèåßôå íá ðåñéìÝíåôå, ðáôÞóôå
      <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo> ãéá íá
      âãåßôå óå Ýíá äåýôåñï <firstterm>åéêïíéêü ôåñìáôéêü</firstterm>, êáé íá
      êÜíåôå ðÜëé login.  ¸ôóé êé áëëéþò, åßíáé Ýíá ðïëõ÷ñçóôéêü,
      ðïëõäéåñãáóéáêü ëåéôïõñãéêü óýóôçìá.  Ìðïñåß ðÜíôùò áõôÝò ïé åíôïëÝò íá
      óôåßëïõí êÜðïéá ìçíýìáôá óôçí ïèüíç óáò üóï ôñÝ÷ïõí.  Ìðïñåßôå íá
      ãñÜøåôå <command>clear</command> óôï prompt ãéá íá êáèáñßóåôå ôçí
      ïèüíç.  Ìüëéò ôåëåéþóïõí, ìðïñåß íá èÝëåôå íá êïéôÜîåôå ôá áñ÷åßá
      <filename>/var/mail/root</filename> êáé
      <filename>/var/log/messages</filename>.</para>

    <para>Ôï íá ôñÝ÷åé êáíåßò ôÝôïéåò åíôïëÝò åßíáé ìÝñïò ôçò äéá÷åßñéóçò åíüò
      óõóôÞìáôïò&mdash;êáé óáí ï ìïíáäéêüò ÷ñÞóôçò åíüò Unix óõóôÞìáôïò, åßóôå
      ï äéá÷åéñéóôÞò óõóôÞìáôïò ôïõ åáõôïý óáò.  ÃåíéêÜ ïôéäÞðïôå áðáéôåß íá
      åßóôå root ãéá íá ôï êÜíåôå åßíáé äéá÷åßñéóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.  ÔÝôïéåò
      õðï÷ñåþóåéò äåí êáëýðôïíôáé áñêåôÜ êáëÜ óå åêåßíá ôá ôåñÜóôéá âéâëßá ðïõ
      õðüó÷ïíôáé íá óáò ìÜèïõí Unix, êáèþò áõôÜ áöéåñþíïõí óõíÞèùò ðïëý ÷þñï
      óôï ðùò èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå êÜðïéï óõãêåêñéìÝíï ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí.
      Êáëýôåñá íá ðÜñåôå êÜðïéï áðü ôá äýï ðéï óçìáíôéêÜ âéâëßá ãéá äéá÷åßñéóç
      óõóôçìÜôùí, åßôå ôï <citetitle>UNIX System Administration
      Handbook</citetitle> ôïõ Evi Nemeth (åêäüóåéò Prentice-Hall, 1995, ISBN
      0-13-15051-7)&mdash;ôçí äåýôåñç Ýêäïóç, ìå ôï êüêêéíï åîþöõëï, Þ ôï
      <citetitle>Essential System Administration</citetitle> ôïõ &AElig;leen
      Frisch's (åêäüóåéò O'Reilly &amp; Associates, 1993, ISBN 0-937175-80-3).
      Åãþ (ÓÔÌ: ç Annelise Anderson) ÷ñçóéìïðïßçóá ôï âéâëßï ôïõ
      Nemeth.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>Åðåîåñãáóßá ÊåéìÝíïõ</title>

    <para>Ãéá íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï óýóôçìÜ óáò, ðñÝðåé íá êÜíåôå áëëáãÝò óå áñ÷åßá
      êåéìÝíïõ.  Ôá ðéï ðïëëÜ áðü áõôÜ èá åßíáé óôïí êáôÜëïãï
      <filename>/etc</filename>.  Åðßóçò èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá êÜíåôå
      <command>su</command> óå root ãéá íá ìðïñÝóåôå íá ôá áëëÜîåôå.  Ìðïñåßôå
      íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï åýêïëï ðñüãñáììá <command>ee</command>, áëëÜ
      ôåëéêÜ èá ðñÝðåé êÜðïéá óôéãìÞ íá ìÜèåôå êáé ôïí åðåîåñãáóôÞ êåéìÝíïõ
      <command>vi</command>.  ÕðÜñ÷åé Ýíáò õðÝñï÷ïò ïäçãüò ãéá ôç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ vi
      óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/usr/src/contrib/nvi/docs/tutorial</filename> áí ôï
      Ý÷åôå åãêáôáóôÞóåé.  Áëëéþò ìðïñåßôå íá ðÜñåôå ôïí ßäéï ïäçãü ìÝóù FTP
      áðü ôï <hostid>ftp.cdrom.com</hostid>.  Ï êáôÜëïãïò ðïõ èá âñåßôå ôïí
      ïäçãü åßíáé
      FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src/contrib/nvi/docs/tutorial.</para>

    <para>Ðñéí êÜíåôå áëëáãÝò óå áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí, ìÜëëïí åßíáé êáëÞ éäÝá íá
      ðÜñåôå êÜðïéï áíôßãñáöï áóöáëåßáò.  ¸óôù üôé èÝëåôå íá êÜíåôå áëëáãÝò
      óôï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.  Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí
      åíôïëÞ <command>cd /etc</command> ãéá íá ðÜôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï
      <filename>/etc</filename> êáé íá ãñÜøåôå:</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp rc.conf rc.conf.orig</userinput></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>åðåéäÞ ç åíôïëÞ <command>mv</command> äéáôçñåß ôçí áñ÷éêÞ çìåñïìçíßá
      êáé ôïí éäéïêôÞôç åíüò áñ÷åßïõ.  Ôþñá ìðïñåßôå íá êÜíåôå üôé áëëáãÝò
      èÝëåôå óôï <filename>rc.conf</filename>.  Áí èÝëåôå ôï áñ÷éêü ðÜëé, ôüôå
      èá åêôåëÝóåôå <userinput>mv rc.conf rc.conf.myedit</userinput>
      (õðïèÝôïíôáò üôé èÝëåôå íá êñáôÞóåôå ôçí áëëáãìÝíç Ýêäïóç) êáé
      ôüôå</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mv rc.conf.orig rc.conf</userinput></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>ãéá íá åðáíáöÝñåôå ôá ðñÜãìáôá óôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç ôïõò
      êáôÜóôáóç.</para>

    <para>Ãéá íá åðåîåñãáóôåßôå Ýíá áñ÷åßï, äþóôå</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>vi <replaceable>filename</replaceable></userinput></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>Ìåôáêéíçèåßôå óôï êåßìåíï ìå ôá âåëÜêéá.  Ôï <keycap>Esc</keycap>
      (escape ðëÞêôñï) âÜæåé ôï <command>vi</command> óå êáôÜóôáóç åíôïëþí.
      Ïñßóôå êáé ìåñéêÝò âáóéêÝò åíôïëÝò:</para>

    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>x</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>óâÞíåé ôïí ÷áñáêôÞñá ðïõ ðÜíù ôïõ åßíáé ï äåßêôçò
            (cursor)</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>dd</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>óâÞíåé ïëüêëçñç ôçí ãñáììÞ (áêüìá êé áí áíáäéðëþíåé óôï ôÝëïò
            ôçò ïèüíçò)</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>i</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>åéóÜãåé êåßìåíï óôï óçìåßï ðïõ åßíáé ï äåßêôçò</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>a</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>åéóÜãåé êåßìåíï ìåôÜ ôïí äåßêôç</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>

    <para>¼ôáí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>i</command> Þ ôçí
      <command>a</command>, ìðïñåßôå íá åéóÜãåôå êåßìåíï.  ÐáôÞóôå
      <command>Esc</command> ãéá íá åðéóôñÝøåôå óå êáôÜóôáóç åíôïëþí, üðïõ
      ìðïñåßôå íá äþóåôå åíôïëÝò üðùò</para>

    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>:w</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>ãéá íá ãñÜøåôå ôéò áëëáãÝò óáò óôï äßóêï êáé íá óõíå÷ßóåôå íá
            åðåîåñãÜæåóôå ôï áñ÷åßï</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>:wq</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>ãéá íá ãñÜøåôå ôéò áëëáãÝò êáé íá âãåßôå áðü ôï vi</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>:q!</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>ãéá íá âãåßôå ÷ùñßò íá óþóåôå ôéò áëëáãÝò</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>/<replaceable>êåßìåíï</replaceable></command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>ãéá íá ìåôáêéíçèåßôå óôçí ðñþôç ãñáììÞ ðïõ åìöáíßæåôáé ôï
            <replaceable>êåßìåíï</replaceable>&mdash;ìåôÜ ìðïñåßôå íá ðáôÞóåôå
            <command>/<keycap>Enter</keycap></command> (ôï ðëÞêôñï enter) ãéá
            íá âñåßôå ôçí åðüìåíç ãñáììÞ ðïõ åìöáíßæåôáé ôï
            <replaceable>êåßìåíï</replaceable>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>G</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>ãéá íá ðÜôå óôï ôÝëïò ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command><replaceable>n</replaceable>G</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>ãéá íá ðÜôå óôçí ãñáììÞ <replaceable>n</replaceable> ôïõ
            áñ÷åßïõ, üðïõ <replaceable>n</replaceable> åßíáé áñéèìüò</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>L</keycap></keycombo></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>ãéá íá îáíáæùãñáöéóôåß ç ïèüíç</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>b</keycap></keycombo> and
          <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>f</keycap></keycombo></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>ãéá íá ìåôáêéíçèåßôå ìéá ïèüíç ðßóù Þ ìéá ïèüíç ìðñïóôÜ, üðùò
            êáé óôá ðñïãñÜììáôá <command>more</command> êáé
            <command>view</command>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>

    <para>Åîáóêçèåßôå ìå ôï <command>vi</command> óôïí áñ÷éêü óáò êáôÜëïãï,
      äçìéïõñãþíôáò Ýíá êáéíïýñéï áñ÷åßï ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>vi
      <replaceable>filename</replaceable></command>, ðñïóèÝôïíôáò êáé
      áöáéñþíôáò êåßìåíï, óþæïíôáò ôï áñ÷åßï, êáé öïñôþíïíôÜò ôï ðÜëé. Ôï
      <command>vi</command> ìåñéêÝò öïñÝò åðéöõëëÜóåé åêðëÞîåéò, êáé êÜðïéá
      óôéãìÞ èá êÜíåôå êÜôé ðïõ èá êÜíåé êÜôé áíáðÜíôå÷ï.  (Óå êÜðïéïõò
      ðñáãìáôéêÜ áñÝóåé ôï <command>vi</command>&mdash;åßíáé ðéï åõÝëéêôï áðü
      ôï EDIT ôïõ DOS&mdash;äïêéìÜóôå íá âñåßôå âïÞèåéá ð.÷. ãéá ôçí
      <command>:r</command> åíôïëÞ.)  ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï <keycap>Esc</keycap>
      ìéá Þ ðåñéóóüôåñåò öïñÝò ãéá íá åßóôå óßãïõñïé üôé åßóôå óå êáôÜóôáóç
      åíôïëþí êáé óõíå÷ßóôå áðü åêåß áí êÜôé äåí óáò ðÜåé êáëÜ, íá óþæåôå
      óõ÷íÜ ìå ôçí <command>:w</command> åíôïëÞ, êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
      <command>:q!</command> ãéá íá âãåßôå êáé íá áñ÷ßóåôå ðÜëé áðü ôçí áñ÷Þ
      (áðü åêåß ðïõ óáò Üöçóå ç ôåëåõôáßá <command>:w</command> åíôïëÞ) üôáí
      áõôü ÷ñåéáóôåß.</para>

    <para>Ôþñá ìðïñåßôå íá êÜíåôå <command>cd</command> óôïí êáôÜëïãï
      <filename>/etc</filename>, íá ãßíåôå root ìå ôçí <command>su</command>,
      íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï <command>vi</command> ãéá íá áëëÜîåôå ôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>/etc/group</filename>, êáé íá ðñïóèÝóåôå Ýíá ÷ñÞóôç óôçí ïìÜäá
      wheel Ýôóé þóôå íá Ý÷åé äéêáéþìáôá root.  ÁðëÜ ðñïóèÝóôå Ýíá êüììá êáé ôï
      üíïìá ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç ìåôÜ ôï ôÝëïò ôçò ðñþôçò ãñáììÞò ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ, ðáôÞóôå
      <keycap>Esc</keycap>, êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå <command>:wq</command> ãéá íá
      óþóåôå ôï áñ÷åßï óôï äßóêï êáé íá âãåßôå.  Éó÷ýåé áìÝóùò.  (Äåí âÜëáôå
      êÜðïéï êåíü ìåôÜ ôï êüììá, óùóôÜ;)</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>Åêôõðþíïíôáò áñ÷åßá áðü ôï DOS</title>

    <para>Óå áõôü ôï óçìåßï ìÜëëïí äåí Ý÷åôå âÜëåé êÜðïéï åêôõðùôÞ íá
      äïõëåýåé, ïðüôå áò äïýìå Ýíá ôñüðï íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíá áñ÷åßï áðü ìéá
      óåëßäá man, íá ôï áíôéãñÜøåôå óå ìéá äéóêÝôôá, êáé ôüôå íá ôï ôõðþóåôå
      áðü ôï DOS.  ¸óôù üôé èÝëåôå íá äéáâÜóåôå ðñïóåêôéêÜ ãéá ôï ðùò áëëÜæïõí
      ïé Üäåéåò åíüò áñ÷åßïõ (Ýíá áñêåôÜ óçìáíôéêü èÝìá).  Ìðïñåßôå íá
      ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>man chmod</command> ãéá íá äéáâÜóåôå
      ãé áõôü ôï èÝìá.  Ç åíôïëÞ</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>man chmod | col -b &gt; chmod.txt</></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>èá áöáéñÝóåé ôïõò êùäéêïýò ìïñöïðïßçóçò êáé èá óôåßëåé ôçí man
      óåëßäá óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>chmod.txt</filename> áíôß íá ôçí äåßîåé óôçí
      ïèüíç óáò.  Ôþñá âÜëôå ìéá äéóêÝôôá äéáìïñöùìÝíç áðü DOS óôïí ïäçãü
      äéóêÝôôáò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí <command>su</command> ãéá íá ãßíåôå root,
      êáé äþóôå</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/sbin/mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt</></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>ãéá íá óõíäÝóåôå (mount) ôçí äéóêÝôôá ìå ôïí êáôÜëïãï
      <filename>/mnt</filename>.</para>

    <para>Ôþñá (äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ðëÝïí íá åßóôå root, êáé ìðïñåßôå íá äþóåôå
      <command>exit</command> ãéá íá åðéóôñÝøåôå óôá äéêáéþìáôá ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç
      jack) ìðïñåßôå íá ðÜôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï ðïõ äçìéïõñãÞóáôå ôï
      <filename>chmod.txt</filename> êáé íá ôï áíôéãñÜøåôå óôç äéóêÝôá
      ãñÜöïíôáò:</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cp chmod.txt /mnt</></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>Õóôåñá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>ls /mnt</command> ãéá íá
      äåßôå ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá ôïõ êáôáëüãïõ <filename>/mnt</filename>, èá ðñÝðåé
      íá äåßôå êáé ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>chmod.txt</filename>.</para>

    <para>Óßãïõñá èá ðñÝðåé íá öôéÜîåôå êé Ýíá áñ÷åßï áðü ôï
      <filename>/sbin/dmesg</filename> ãñÜöïíôáò</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>/sbin/dmesg &gt; dmesg.txt</></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>êáé áíôéãñÜöïíôáò ôï <filename>dmesg.txt</filename> óôç äéóêÝôá.  Ç
      åíôïëÞ <command>/sbin/dmesg</command> ôõðþíåé ôá ìçíýìáôá åêêßíçóçò, êáé
      åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìï íá êáôáëÜâåôå ôé ôõðþíåé, áöïý äåß÷íåé ôé áíáãíþñéóå ôï
      FreeBSD üôáí îåêßíçóå.  Áí ñùôÞóåôå êÜôé óôçí
      <email>freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org</email> Þ óå êÜðïéá ïìÜäá óõæÞôçóçò
      ôïõ USENET&mdash;üðùò ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá <quote>ôï FreeBSD äåí âñßóêåé ôï
      tape drive ìïõ, ôé íá êÜíù;</quote>&mdash;èá óáò æçôÞóïõí óßãïõñá ôçí
      Ýîïäï ôçò åíôïëÞò <command>dmesg</command>.</para>

    <para>Ìðïñåßôå ôþñá íá êÜíåôå umount ôïí ïäçãü äéóêÝôôáò (óáí root) ãéá íá
      âãÜëåôå ôç äéóêÝôôá ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/sbin/umount /mnt</></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>êáé íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï óýóôçìÜ óáò óå DOS.  ÁíôéãñÜøôå áõôÜ ôá
      áñ÷åßá óå Ýíá DOS êáôÜëïãï, áíïßîôå ôá ìå ôï DOS EDIT, ôï Windows
      Notepad Þ ôï Wordpad, Þ Ýíá åðåîåñãáóôÞ êåéìÝíïõ, êÜíôå ìéá ìéêñÞ áëëáãÞ
      Ýôóé þóôå íá ðñÝðåé ôï áñ÷åßï íá óùèåß, êáé ôõðþóôå üðùò óõíÞèùò áðü ôï
      DOS Þ ôá Windows.  Åëðßæù íá äïõëÝøåé!  Ïé óåëßäåò man ôõðþíïíôáé ðïëý
      üìïñöá áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>print</command> ôïõ
      DOS. (Ç áíôéãñáöÞ áñ÷åßùí áðü ôï FreeBSD óå Ýíá mounted DOS ôìÞìá äßóêïõ
      åßíáé óå ìåñéêÝò ðåñéðôþóåéò åðéêßíäõíï.)</para>

    <para>Ôï íá êÜíåôå Ýíá åêôõðùôÞ óôï FreeBSD íá ôõðþóåé áðáéôåß íá öôéÜîåôå
      ìéá êáôÜëëçëç åããñáöÞ óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/printcap</filename> êáé
      íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíá spool êáôÜëïãï óôï
      <filename>/var/spool/output</filename>.  Áí ï åêôõðùôÞò óáò åßíáé óôçí
      èýñá <hardware>lpt0</hardware> (áõôÞ ðïõ ôï DOS áðïêáëåß
      <hardware>LPT1</hardware>), ìðïñåß áðëÜ íá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ðÜôå óôïí
      êáôÜëïãï <filename>/var/spool/output</filename> êáé (óáí root) íá
      öôéÜîôå Ýíá õðïêáôÜëïãï <filename>lpd</filename> ãñÜöïíôáò:
      <command>mkdir lpd</command>, áí äåí õðÜñ÷åé Þäç.  Ôüôå ï åêôõðùôÞò èá
      ðñÝðåé íá áðáíôÜåé áí åßíáé áíïé÷ôüò üôáí ôï óýóôçìá îåêéíÜåé, êáé ïé
      åíôïëÝò <command>lp</command> êáé <command>lpr</command> èá ðñÝðåé íá
      óôÝëíïõí Ýíá áñ÷åßï óôïí åêôõðùôÞ.  Áí ôï áñ÷åßï èá ôõðùèåß Þ ü÷é,
      åîáñôÜôáé áðü ôï áí ï åêôõðùôÞò Ý÷åé ñõèìéóôåß óùóôÜ, êÜôé ðïõ êáëýðôåé
      ôï <ulink URL="../../books/handbook/handbook.html">handbook ôïõ
      FreeBSD.</ulink></para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>¶ëëåò ×ñÞóéìåò ÅíôïëÝò</title>

    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>df</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Äåß÷íåé ðïéåò óõóêåõÝò Ý÷ïõí ãßíåé mount êáé ôï ÷þñï
            ôïõò.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>ps aux</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Äåß÷íåé ôéò äéåñãáóßåò ðïõ ôñÝ÷ïõí.
            Ç åíôïëÞ <command>ps ax</command> ôõðþíåé ðéï óõìðáãÞ
            Ýîïäï.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>rm <replaceable>áñ÷åßï</replaceable></command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>ÓâÞíåé ôï <replaceable>áñ÷åßï</replaceable>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>rm -R <replaceable>dir</replaceable></command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>ÓâÞíåé ôïí êáôÜëïãï <replaceable>dir</replaceable> êáé üëïõò
            ôïõò õðïêáôáëüãïõò ôïõ&mdash;ðñïóï÷Þ!</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>ls -R</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Äåß÷íåé ôç ëßóôá ôùí áñ÷åßùí ôïõ ôñÝ÷ïíôïò êáôáëüãïõ, êáé üëùí
            ôùí õðïêáôáëüãùí ôïõ.  Åãþ ðáëéüôåñá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýóá ìéá ðáñáëëáãÞ,
            ôçí <command>ls -AFR &gt; where.txt</command>, ãéá íá ðáßñíù ìéá
            ëßóôá áðü üëá ôá áñ÷åßá óôï <filename>/</filename> êáé (îå÷ùñéóôÜ)
            óôï <filename>/usr</filename> ðñéí áíáêáëýøù êáëýôåñïõò ôñüðïõò íá
            âñßóêù áñ÷åßá.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>passwd</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>ÁëëÜæåé ôïí êùäéêü ÷ñÞóôç óáò (Þ ôïí êùäéêü ÷ñÞóôç ôïõ
            root)</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><command>man hier</command></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Ç óåëßäá man ãéá ôçí éåñáñ÷ßá áñ÷åßùí ôïõ Unix.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>

    <para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí <command>find</command> ãéá íá âñåßôå ôï
      <filename>filename</filename> óôï <filename>/usr</filename> Þ óå êÜðïéï
      õðïêáôÜëïãü ôïõ ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>find /usr -name "<replaceable>filename</>"</></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå Ýíá ÷áñáêôÞñá <literal>*</literal> óáí
      ìåôá÷áñáêôÞñá óôï
      <parameter>"<replaceable>filename</replaceable>"</parameter> (ôï ïðïßï
      èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé ìÝóá óå äéðëÜ åéóáãùãéêÜ) Áí ðåßôå óôçí
      <command>find</command> íá øÜîåé óôï <filename>/</filename> áíôß ãéá ôï
      <filename>/usr</filename> èá øÜîåé ãéá ôï áñ÷åßï (Þ ôá áñ÷åßá) óå üëá ôá
      åíåñãÜ óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí, óõìðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíïõ êáé ôïõ CDROM Þ ôïõ DOS
      partition.</para>

    <para>¸íá ðïëý êáëü âéâëßï ðïõ åîçãåß ôéò åíôïëÝò êáé ôá åñãáëåßá ôïõ Unix
      åßíáé ôï <citetitle>Unix for the Impatient</citetitle> ôùí Abrahams
      &amp; Larson (2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, 1996).  ÕðÜñ÷ïõí åðßóçò ðÜñá
      ðïëëÝò ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôï Unix óôï Äéáäßêôõï.  ÄïêéìÜóôå íá áñ÷ßóåôå áðü
      ôï <ulink URL="http://www.geek-girl.com/unix.html">Unix Reference
      Desk</ulink>.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>Åðüìåíá ÂÞìáôá</title>

    <para>Ôþñá ðëÝïí èá ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷åôå ôá åñãáëåßá ãéá íá ìðïñåßôå íá ôá
      âãÜæåôå ðÝñá êáé íá áëëÜæåôå áñ÷åßá êåéìÝíïõ, þóôå íá ìðïñåßôå íá
      ñõèìßóåôå ôá ðÜíôá êáé íá äïõëåýïõí üðùò èÝëåôå.  ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ðÜñá ðïëëÜ
      ÷ñÞóéìá ðñÜãìáôá óôï handbook ôïõ FreeBSD (ðïõ õðÜñ÷åé ðéèáíüí êáé óôïí
      äßóêï óáò) êáé óôçí <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/">êåíôñéêÞ óåëßäá
      ôïõ FreeBSD</ulink>.  Ìéá ìåãÜëç ðëçèþñá ðáêÝôùí êáé ports õðÜñ÷ïõí óôï
      CDROM êáé óôçí web óåëßäá.  Ôï handbook åîçãåß êáëýôåñá ðùò ìðïñåßôå íá
      ôá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå (íá ðÜñåôå ôï ðáêÝôï áí õðÜñ÷åé, ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ
      <command>pkg_add
      /cdrom/packages/All/<replaceable>packagename</replaceable></command>,
      üðïõ <replaceable>packagename</replaceable> åßíáé ôï üíïìá áñ÷åßïõ ôïõ
      ðáêÝôïõ).  Ôï CDROM Ý÷åé ëßóôåò üëùí ôùí ðáêÝôùí êáé ôùí ports ìå
      óýíôïìåò ðåñéãñáöÝò óôá áñ÷åßá
      <filename>cdrom/packages/index</filename>,
      <filename>cdrom/packages/index.txt</filename>, êáé
      <filename>cdrom/ports/index</filename>, ìå ðéï ëåðôïìåñåßò ðåñéãñáöÝò
      óôá áñ÷åßá <filename>/cdrom/ports/*/*/pkg/DESCR</filename>, üðïõ ïé
      ÷áñáêôÞñåò <literal>*</literal> áíôéðñïóùðåýïõí õðïêáôáëüãïõò áðü
      êáôçãïñßåò ðñïãñáììÜôùí êáé ïíüìáôá ðñïãñáììÜôùí áíôßóôïé÷á.</para>

    <para>Áí âñßóêåôå ôï handbook êÜðùò ðïëýðëïêï (ìå üëá åêåßíá ôá
      <command>lndir</command> êáé ôá Üëëá) ãéá ôï ðùò ìðïñåß êÜðïéïò íá
      åãêáôáóôÞóåé ports áðü ôï CDROM, áò äïýìå êÜôé ðïõ äïõëåýåé:</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp -R /cdrom/ports/comm/kermit /usr/local</></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>ÌåôÜ áðü áõôü èá ðñÝðåé Ýíáò êáôÜëïãïò
      <filename>/usr/local/kermit</filename> íá Ý÷åé ôá ßäéá áñ÷åßá ðïõ Ý÷åé ï
      êáôÜëïãïò <command>kermit</command> óôï CDROM.</para>

    <para>Õóôåñá, äçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá êáôÜëïãï
      <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename> áí äåí õðÜñ÷åé Þäç,
      ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>mkdir</command>.  ÌåôÜ åëÝãîôå ôïí
      êáôÜëïãï <filename>/cdrom/ports/distfiles</filename> ãéá Ýíá áñ÷åßï ìå
      üíïìá ðïõ íá äåß÷íåé üôé åßíáé ôï port ðïõ èÝëåôå.  ÁíôéãñÜøôå áõôü ôï
      áñ÷åßï óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename> (óå
      ðñüóöáôåò åêäüóåéò ìðïñåßôå íá ðáñáëåßøåôå áõôü ôï âÞìá, áöïý ôï FreeBSD
      èá ôï êÜíåé ãéá åóÜò).  Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç ôïõ <command>kermit</command>,
      äåí õðÜñ÷åé êÜðïéï distfile.</para>

    <para>Êáôüðéí áëëÜîôå ìå <command>cd</command> óôïí êáôÜëïãï
      <filename>/usr/local/kermit</filename> ðïõ Ý÷åé ôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>Makefile</filename>.  ÔñÝîôå ôçí åíôïëÞ</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make all install</></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>ÊáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá áõôÞò ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò, ôï port èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé
      FTP ãéá íá ðÜñåé ïðïéáäÞðïôå óõìðéåóìÝíá áñ÷åßá ôïõ ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé êáé äåí
      ôá âñßóêåé óôï CDROM Þ óôïí êáôÜëïãï
      <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>.  Áí äåí Ý÷åôå ñõèìßóåé êÜðïéá
      óýíäåóç ìå äßêôõï áêüìá êáé äåí õðÜñ÷åé êÜðïéï áñ÷åßï ðïõ ôï port
      ÷ñåéÜæåôáé óôï <filename>/cdrom/ports/distfiles</filename>, èá ðñÝðåé íá
      ðÜñåôå ôï áñ÷åßï ðïõ ëåßðåé ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò êÜðïéï Üëëï ìç÷Üíçìá êáé íá
      ôï áíôéãñÜøåôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>
      ìå êÜðïéá äéóêÝôôá Þ ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï DOS partition óáò.  ÄéáâÜóôå ôï
      <filename>Makefile</filename> (ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>cat</command> Þ ôçí
      <command>more</command> Þ ôçí <command>view</command>) ãéá íá âñåßôå ðïõ
      íá ðÜôå (ôï êõñßùò ìÝñïò äéáíïìÞò) ãéá íá ðÜñåôå ôï áñ÷åßï êáé ðïéï
      üíïìá Ý÷åé.  Ôï üíïìÜ ôïõ èá ôï áëëÜîïõí óõíÞèùò ôá ðñïãñÜììáôá ôïõ DOS,
      êáé ìåôÜ èá ðñÝðåé üôáí ôï áíôéãñÜøåôå óôï
      <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename> íá ôï ìåôïíïìÜóåôå (ìå ôçí
      åíôïëÞ <command>mv</command>) óôï áñ÷éêü ôïõ üíïìá þóôå íá ìðïñåß íá
      âñåèåß.  (×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå binary ìåôáöïñÝò!) Ôüôå åðéóôñÝøôå óôïí
      êáôÜëïãï <filename>/usr/local/kermit</filename>, âñåßôå ôïí êáôÜëïãï ìå
      ôï <filename>Makefile</filename>, êáé äþóôå <command>make all
      install</command> ðÜëé.</para>

    <para>ÊÜôé Üëëï ðïõ ãßíåôáé ìå ôá ports êáé ôá ðáêÝôá åãêáèßóôáíôáé åßíáé
      üôé êÜðïéï Üëëï ðñüãñáììá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé.  Áí ç åãêáôÜóôáóç óôáìáôÞóåé ìå
      Ýíá ìÞíõìá <errorname>can't find unzip</errorname> Þ ïôéäÞðïôå, èá
      ðñÝðåé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï ðáêÝôï Þ ôï port ôïõ unzip ðñéí
      óõíå÷ßóåôå.</para>

    <para>Áöïý åãêáôáóôáèåß, äþóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>rehash</command> ãéá íá
      êÜíåôå ôï FreeBSD íá îáíáøÜîåé ãéá ôá ðñïãñÜììáôá ðïõ åßíáé óôï path êáé
      íá îÝñåé üôé õðÜñ÷åé êÜðïõ åêåß. (Áí ãéá ðïëëÜ ðñïãñÜììáôá ðïõ êÜíåôå
      <command>whereis</command> ãéá íá âñåßôå óå ðïéï êáôÜëïãï ôïõ path
      åßíáé, âëÝðåôå ìçíýìáôá ëÜèïõò <errorname>path not found</errorname>,
      åßíáé êáëÞ éäÝá íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôïõò áíôßóôïé÷ïõò êáôáëüãïõò óôï path ðïõ
      ðåñéÝ÷åé ôï <filename>.cshrc</filename> óôïí áñ÷éêü óáò êáôÜëïãï.  Ôï
      path óôï Unix êÜíåé ôçí ßäéá äïõëåéÜ ðïõ êÜíåé êáé óôï DOS, ìüíï ðïõ ï
      ôñÝ÷ïí êáôÜëïãïò äåí åßíáé (óõíÞèùò) óôï path ãéá ëüãïõò áóöÜëåéáò.  Áí
      ç åíôïëÞ ðïõ èÝëåôå íá ôñÝîåôå åßíáé óôïí ôñÝ÷ïíôá êáôÜëïãï, ðñÝðåé íá
      ãñÜøåôå <filename>./</filename> ãéá íá äïõëÝøåé&mdash;÷ùñßò êåíü ìåôÜ
      ôçí ðáýëá.)</para>

    <para>×ñÞóéìï åðßóçò åßíáé êáé ôï Netscape.  Ìðïñåßôå íá ðÜñåôå ôçí
      ôåëåõôáßá ôïõ Ýêäïóç áðü ôïí <ulink
      URL="ftp://ftp.netscape.com">åîõðçñÝôç FTP</ulink> ôïõ.  (Ôï Netscape
      áðáéôåß ôï X Window Óýóôçìá.) ÕðÜñ÷åé ðëÝïí êáé ìéá Ýêäïóç ãéá ôï
      FreeBSD, ãé áõôü øÜîôå êáëÜ, èá ôçí âñåßôå.  ÁðëÜ ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí
      åíôïëÞ <command>gunzip <replaceable>filename</replaceable></command> êáé
      ôçí <command>tar xvf <replaceable>filename</replaceable></command> óôï
      áñ÷åßï, ìåôáêéíåßóôå ôï åêôåëÝóéìï óôïí êáôÜëïãï
      <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> Þ êÜðïéï Üëëï ìÝñïò ðïõ âÜæåôå ôá
      åêôåëÝóéìÜ óáò, ôñÝîôå <command>rehash</command>, êáé ôüôå âÜëôå ôéò
      åîÞò åíôïëÝò óôï <filename>.cshrc</filename> áñ÷åßï óôïí áñ÷éêü êáôÜëïãï
      êÜèå ÷ñÞóôç Þ (ðéï áðëÜ) óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/csh.cshrc</filename>,
      ôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí óõóôÞìáôïò ôïõ csh:</para>

    <informalexample>
      <programlisting>setenv XKEYSYMDB /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XKeysymDB
setenv XNLSPATH /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/nls</programlisting>
    </informalexample>

    <para>Áõôü õðïèÝôåé üôé ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>XKeysymDB</filename> êáé ï
      êáôÜëïãïò <filename>nls</filename> õðÜñ÷ïõí óôï
      <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11</filename>.  Áí äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí, âñåßôå ôïõò
      êáé âÜëôå ôïõò åêåß.</para>

    <para>Áí áñ÷éêÜ åãêáôáóôÞóáôå ôï Netscape óáí port ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï
      CDROM (Þ ðÞñáôå ôï ðáêÝôï ìÝóù FTP), ìçí áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>/usr/local/bin/netscape</filename> ìå ôï íÝï åêôåëÝóéìï ôïõ
      Netscape.  Ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü åßíáé Ýíá áñ÷åßï öëïéïý (shell script) ðïõ
      ñõèìßæåé ôéò ìåôáâëçôÝò ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò ðñéí ôñÝîåé ôï Netscape.  Áíôß íá
      ôï áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå, ìåôïíïìÜóôå ôï íÝï åêôåëÝóéìï óå
      <filename>netscape.bin</filename> êáé áíôéêáôáóôÞóôå ôï ðáëéü
      åêôåëÝóéìï, ðïõ âñßóêåôáé óôï
      <filename>/usr/local/netscape/netscape</filename>.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>Ôï ÐåñéâÜëëïí óôï Ïðïßï Äïõëåýåôå</title>

    <para>Ï öëïéüò (shell) åßíáé ôï ðéï óçìáíôéêü ìÝñïò ôïõ ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò
      åñãáóßáò óáò.  Óôï DOS ï óõíçèéóìÝíïò öëïéüò åßíáé ôï command.com.  Ï
      öëïéüò åßíáé áõôüò ðïõ ìåôáöñÜæåé ôéò åíôïëÝò ðïõ ãñÜöåôå óôçí ãñáììÞ
      åíôïëþí, êáé åðéêïéíùíåß ìå ôï õðüëïéðï ëåéôïõñãéêü óýóôçìá.  Ìðïñåßôå
      íá ãñÜøåôå áñ÷åßá äÝóìçò, óáí ôá áñ÷åßá äÝóìçò ôïõ DOS: ìéá óåéñÜ áðü
      åíôïëÝò ðïõ èá ôñÝîïõí ÷ùñßò ôçí äéêÞ óáò ðáñåìâïëÞ.</para>

    <para>Óôï FreeBSD õðÜñ÷ïõí äýï ðñïåãêáôåóôçìÝíïé öëïéïß: ôï csh êáé ôï sh. 
      Ôï csh åßíáé êáëü ãéá íá êÜíåôå äïõëåéÜ óôçí ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí, áëëÜ ãéá
      áñ÷åßá äÝóìçò ðñïôéìÞóôå ôï sh (Þ ôï bash).  Ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå ðïéï
      öëïéü ôñÝ÷åôå ãñÜöïíôáò <command>echo $SHELL</command>.</para>

    <para>Åßíáé åýêïëï íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå Ýíá êáéíïýñéï öëïéü óå ôñßá
      âÞìáôá:</para>

    <procedure>
      <step>
        <para>ÅãêáôáóôÞóôå ôï öëïéü óáí port Þ ðáêÝôï, üðùò èá êÜíáôå êáé ãéá
          êÜèå Üëëï ðáêÝôï.  ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
          <command>rehash</command> êáé ôçí <command>which tcsh</command>
          (õðïèÝôïíôáò üôé óôÞíåôå ôï tcsh) ãéá íá óéãïõñåõôåßôå üôé
          åãêáôáóôÞèçêå.</para>
      </step>

      <step>
        <para>Óáí root, áëëÜîôå ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/shells</filename>,
          ðñïóèÝôïíôáò ìéá ãñáììÞ óôï áñ÷åßï ìå ôïí êáéíïýñéï öëïéü, óå áõôÞ
          ôçí ðåñßðôùóç /usr/local/bin/tcsh, êáé óþóôå ôï áñ÷åßï.  (ÊÜðïéá
          ports ìðïñåß íá ôï êÜíïõí áõôüìáôá áõôü ãéá óáò.)</para>
      </step>

      <step>
       <para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí <command>chsh</command> åíôïëÞ ãéá íá áëëÜîåôå
         ôï öëïéü óáò óôï tcsh ìüíéìá, Þ ãñÜøôå <command>tcsh</command> óôï
         prompt ãéá íá áëëÜîåôå ðñïóùñéíÜ ôï öëïéü óáò ÷ùñßò íá êÜíåôå login
         îáíÜ.</para>
      </step>
    </procedure>

    <note>
      <para>Ìðïñåß íá åßíáé åðéêßíäõíï íá áëëÜîåôå ôï öëïéü ôïõ root óå êÜôé
        äéáöïñåôéêü áðü sh Þ csh óå êÜðùò ðáëéüôåñåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ FreeBSD êáé
        óå ðïëëÝò Üëëåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ Unix.  Ìðïñåß íá ìçí Ý÷åôå Ýíá öëïéü ðïõ
        íá äïõëåýåé üôáí ôï óýóôçìá îåêéíÞóåé óå êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç (single
        user mode).  Ç ëýóç åßíáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>su
        -m</command> ãéá íá ãßíåôå root, ðïõ èá óáò äþóåé Ýíá tcsh öëïéü óáí
        root, áöïý ôï ðïéïò åßíáé ï öëïéüò åßíáé ìÝñïò ôïõ ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò. 
        Ìðïñåßôå íá êÜíåôå ìüíéìç ìéá ôÝôïéá áëëáãÞ ðñïóèÝôïíôáò óôï
        <filename>.tcshrc</filename> óáò ìéá óõíôüìåõóç</para>
        <programlisting>alias su su -m</programlisting>
    </note>

    <para>¼ôáí ôï tcsh îåêéíÜåé, äéáâÜæåé ôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>/etc/csh.cshrc</filename> êáé ýóôåñá ôï
      <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename>, üðùò êÜíåé êáé ôï csh.  Åðßóçò
      äéáâÜæåé áðü ôïí áñ÷éêü óáò êáôÜëïãï ôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>.login</filename> êáèþò êáé ôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>.cshrc</filename> åðßóçò, åêôüò êé áí õðÜñ÷åé ôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>.tcshrc</filename>.  Áõôü ìðïñåßôå íá ôï öôéÜîåôå,
      áíôéãñÜöïíôáò ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>.cshrc</filename> óôï
      <filename>.tcshrc</filename>.</para>

    <para>Ôþñá ðïõ åãêáôáóôÞóáôå ôï tcsh, ìðïñåßôå íá áëëÜîåôå êáé ôï prompt
      óáò.  Ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå ðéï ðïëëÝò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò óôçí man óåëßäá ôïõ
      tcsh, áëëÜ áò äïýìå ìéá ãñáììÞ ðïõ ìðïñåßôå íá âÜëåôå óôï
      <filename>.tcshrc</filename> áñ÷åßï óáò ðïõ èá óáò ëÝåé ðüóåò åíôïëÝò
      Ý÷åôå ãñÜøåé, ôé þñá åßíáé, êáé óå ðïéïí êáôÜëïãï åßóôå.  Åðßóçò
      ðåñéÝ÷åé Ýíá ÷áñáêôÞñá <literal>></literal> áí åßóôå áðëüò ÷ñÞóôçò, Þ
      Ýíá ÷áñáêôÞñá <literal>#</literal> áí åßóôå root, êÜôé ðïõ Ýôóé êé
      áëëéþò ôï êÜíåé ôï tsch.</para>

    <para>set prompt = "%h %t %~ %# "</para>

    <para>Áõôü ìðïñåß íá ðÜåé óôï ßäéï ìÝñïò ðïõ õðÜñ÷åé ç ðáëéÜ set prompt
      ãñáììÞ áí õðÜñ÷åé, Þ êÜôù áðü ôçí "if($?prompt) then" áí äåí õðÜñ÷åé. 
      ÌåôáôñÝøôå ôçí ðáëéÜ óå ó÷üëéï, þóôå íá ìðïñåßôå íá åðéóôñÝøåôå óôï
      ðáëéü óáò prompt áí ôï ðñïôéìÜôå.  Ìçí îå÷Üóåôå óôçí êáéíïýñéá ãñáììÞ ôá
      êåíÜ êáé ôá åéóáãùãéêÜ.  Ìðïñåßôå íá êÜíåôå ôï tcsh íá îáíáäéáâÜóåé ôï
      <filename>.tcshrc</filename> ãñÜöïíôáò <command>source
      .tcshrc</command>.</para>

    <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá äåßôå ìéá ëßóôá ìå ôéò ìåôáâëçôÝò ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò ðïõ
      õðÜñ÷ïõí ãñÜöïíôáò <command>env</command> óôï prompt óáò.  Ôï áðïôÝëåóìá
      ðåñéÝ÷åé ôïí ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíï åðåîåñãáóôÞ êåéìÝíïõ óáò, ôïí pager, êáé ôïí
      ôýðï ôïõ ôåñìáôéêïý óáò, áíÜìåóá óå ðïëëÜ Üëëá ðñÜãìáôá.  Ìéá ÷ñÞóéìç
      åíôïëÞ áí Ý÷åôå óõíäåèåß áðü ìáêñéÜ êáé äåí ìðïñåßôå íá ôñÝîåôå êÜðïéï
      ðñüãñáììá, åðåéäÞ ï ôýðïò ôåñìáôéêïý äåí ôï åðéôñÝðåé, åßíáé ç åíôïëÞ
      <command>setenv TERM vt100</command>.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>ÄéÜöïñá</title>

    <para>Óáí root, ìðïñåßôå íá áðïóõíäÝóåôå ôï CDROM ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ
      <command>/sbin/umount /cdrom</command>, íá âãÜëåôå ôï äßóêï áðü ôïí
      ïäçãü, íá âÜëåôå Ýíá êáéíïýñéï êáé íá ôï óõíäÝóåôå ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ
      <command>/sbin/mount_cd9660 /dev/cd0a /cdrom</command> õðïèÝôïíôáò üôé
      <hardware>cd0a</hardware> åßíáé ôï üíïìá ôçò óõóêåõÞò ôïõ ïäçãïý CDROM. 
      Ïé ðéï ðñüóöáôåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ FreeBSD óáò áöÞíïõí íá óõíäÝóåôå ôï CDROM
      ãñÜöïíôáò áðëÜ <command>/sbin/mount /cdrom</command>.</para>

    <para>Ôï live óýóôçìá&mdash;ôï äåýôåñï CDROM áðü ôïõò äßóêïõò åãêáôÜóôáóçò
      ôïõ FreeBSD&mdash; ìðïñåß íá öáíåß ÷ñÞóéìï áí Ý÷åôå ðåñéïñéóìÝíï ÷þñï. 
      Ôï ôé õðÜñ÷åé óôï live óýóôçìá äéáöÝñåé áðü Ýêäïóç óå Ýêäïóç.  Ìðïñåßôå
      íá äïêéìÜóåôå íá ðáßîåôå áêüìá êáé ðáé÷íßäéá áðü ôï CDROM.  Áõôü áðáéôåß
      íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>lndir</command>, ðïõ åãêáèßóôáôáé
      ìå ôï óýóôçìá X Window, ãéá íá ðåßôå óôá ðñïãñÜììáôá ðïõ íá âñïõí ôá
      áðáñáßôçôá áñ÷åßá, ãéáôß âñßóêïíôáé óôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ôïõ
      <filename>/cdrom</filename> áíôß ãéá ôï <filename>/usr</filename> êáé
      ôïõò õðïêáôáëüãïõò ôïõ, ðïõ óõíÞèùò âñßóêïíôáé.  ÄéáâÜóôå ôçí man óåëßäá
      ôçò lndir ìå <command>man lndir</command>.</para>
    </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>Ôá Ó÷üëéÜ Óáò</title>

    <para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áõôü ôïí ïäçãü èá ìå åíäéÝöåñå íá îÝñù ðïõ äåí
      Þôáí áñêåôÜ óáöÞò êáé ôé ðáñÝëåéøá ôï ïðïßï ðéóôåýåôå üôé èá Ýðñåðå íá
      ðåñéÝ÷åé, êé áêüìç ðüóï óáò âïÞèçóå.  Íá åõ÷áñéóôÞóù ôïí Eugene W.
      Stark, êáèçãçôÞ ôçò åðéóôÞìçò ôçò ðëçñïöïñéêÞò óôï SUNY-Stony Brook, êáé
      ôïí John Fieber ãéá ôá ó÷üëéÜ ôïõò ðïõ ìå âïÞèçóáí ðïëý.</para>

    <para>Annelise Anderson,
        <email>andrsn@andrsn.stanford.edu</email></para>
  </sect1>
</article>