path: root/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-7"?>
<!--

  Ôï Åã÷åéñßäéï ôïõ FreeBSD: ÅíçìÝñùóç êáé ÁíáâÜèìéóç ôïõ FreeBSD

  The FreeBSD Greek Documentation Project

  $FreeBSD$

  %SOURCE%	en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml
  %SRCID%	38879

-->

<chapter id="updating-upgrading">
  <chapterinfo>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>Jim</firstname>
	<surname>Mock</surname>
	<contrib>ÁíáäïìÞèçêå, áíáäéïñãáíþèçêå, êáé ôìÞìáôá ôïõ áíáíåþèçêáí
	  áðü ôïí </contrib>
      </author>
      <!-- Mar 2000 -->
    </authorgroup>

    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>Jordan</firstname>
	<surname>Hubbard</surname>
	<contrib>Áñ÷éêÞ óõíåéóöïñÜ áðü ôïõò </contrib>
      </author>

      <author>
	<firstname>Poul-Henning</firstname>
	<surname>Kamp</surname>
      </author>

      <author>
	<firstname>John</firstname>
	<surname>Polstra</surname>
      </author>

      <author>
	<firstname>Nik</firstname>
	<surname>Clayton</surname>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
    <!-- with feedback from various others -->
  </chapterinfo>

  <title>ÅíçìÝñùóç êáé ÁíáâÜèìéóç ôïõ &os;</title>

  <sect1 id="updating-upgrading-synopsis">
    <title>Óýíïøç</title>

    <para>Ôï &os; âñßóêåôáé õðü óõíå÷Þ åîÝëéîç ìåôáîý ôùí åðßóçìùí åêäüóåùí
      ôïõ.  Ìåñéêïß Üíèñùðïé ðñïôéìïýí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôéò åðßóçìåò åêäüóåéò,
      åíþ Üëëïé ðñïôéìïýí íá êñáôïýí ôï óýóôçìá ôïõò åíçìåñùìÝíï ìå ôéò
      ôåëåõôáßåò åîåëßîåéò.  Ùóôüóï, áêüìá êáé ïé åðßóçìåò åêäüóåéò
      åíçìåñþíïíôáé óõ÷íÜ ìå äéïñèþóåéò êñßóéìùí óöáëìÜôùí êáé áóöáëåßáò.
      ¼ðïéá Ýêäïóç êáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå, ôï &os; ðáñÝ÷åé üëá ôá
      áðáñáßôçôá åñãáëåßá ãéá íá êñáôÞóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò åíçìåñùìÝíï, êáé
      åðßóçò óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá áíáâáèìéóôåßôå åýêïëá óå êÜðïéá åðüìåíç
      Ýêäïóç.  Ôï êåöÜëáéï áõôü èá óáò âïçèÞóåé íá áðïöáóßóåôå áí èÝëåôå íá
      ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå ôï óýóôçìá áíÜðôõîçò, Þ áí èá ðñïôéìÞóåôå íá ðáñáìåßíåôå
      óå ìéá áðü ôéò ðáãéùìÝíåò åêäüóåéò.  Èá ðáñïõóéÜóïõìå åðßóçò ôá âáóéêÜ
      åñãáëåßá ðïõ áðáéôïýíôáé ãéá ôçí åíçìÝñùóç êáé áíáâÜèìéóç ôïõ
      óõóôÞìáôïò.</para>

    <para>Áöïý äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá îÝñåôå:</para>

    <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðïéá âïçèçôéêÜ ðñïãñÜììáôá ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ãéá íá
	  åíçìåñþóåôå ôï óýóôçìá êáé ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá äéáôçñåßôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò åíçìåñùìÝíï ìå ôá ðñïãñÜììáôá
	  <application>freebsd-update</application>
	  <application>CVSup</application>,
	  <application>CVS</application>, Þ
	  <application>CTM</application>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá óõãêñßíåôå ôçí êáôÜóôáóç åíüò åãêáôåóôçìÝíïõ óõóôÞìáôïò,
	  ìå áíáöïñÜ Ýíá ãíùóôü êáé åããõçìÝíá óùóôü óýóôçìá.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá äéáôçñÞóåôå ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç óáò åíçìåñùìÝíç ìÝóù ôïõ
	  <application>CVSup</application> Þ ôùí ports ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò <!--
	  êáé ôïõ <application>Docsnap</application>-->.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ôç äéáöïñÜ ìåôáîý ôùí äýï êëÜäùí ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé óå åîÝëéîç: ôïõ
	  &os.stable; êáé ôïõ &os.current;.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá îáíáöôéÜîåôå êáé íá åðáíåãêáôáóôÞóåôå ïëüêëçñï
	  ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá ìå ôçí <command>make buildworld</command>
	  (êëð).</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>Ðñéí äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá ðñÝðåé:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>Íá ñõèìßóåôå óùóôÜ ôç óýíäåóç óáò óôï äßêôõï (<xref
	    linkend="advanced-networking"/>).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Íá ãíùñßæåôå ðùò íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ðñüóèåôï ëïãéóìéêü
	  ôñßôïõ êáôáóêåõáóôÞ (<xref linkend="ports"/>).</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <note>
      <para>Óôï êåöÜëáéï áõôü ãßíåôáé óõ÷íÜ ÷ñÞóç ôçò åíôïëÞò
	<command>cvsup</command> ãéá ôçí áíÜêôçóç Þ åíçìÝñùóç ôùí áñ÷åßùí
	ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôïõ &os;.  Ãéá íá ôçí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå, èá ðñÝðåé íá
	åãêáôáóôÞóåôå Ýíá ðáêÝôï Þ port üðùò ôï
	<filename role="package">net/cvsup</filename> (áí äåí èÝëåôå íá
	åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ãñáöéêü ðñüãñáììá <command>cvsup</command>, ìðïñåßôå
	íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï port <filename
	  role="package">net/cvsup-without-gui</filename>).
	Ìðïñåßôå íá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå áõôÞ ôçí åíôïëÞ ìå ôçí &man.csup.1;
	ç ïðïßá áíÞêåé óôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá.</para>
    </note>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="updating-upgrading-freebsdupdate">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	  <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	  <contrib>ÃñÜöçêå áðü ôïí </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Colin</firstname>
	  <surname>Percival</surname>
	  <contrib>Âáóßóôçêå óå óçìåéþóåéò ðïõ ðáñåß÷å ï </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>Åíçìåñþíïíôáò ôï &os;</title>

    <indexterm><primary>Updating and Upgrading FreeBSD</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>freebsd-update</primary>
      <see>updating-upgrading</see>
    </indexterm>

    <para>Ç åöáñìïãÞ åíçìåñþóåùí áóöáëåßáò áðïôåëåß Ýíá óçìáíôéêü ôìÞìá ôçò
      óõíôÞñçóçò ëïãéóìéêïý, åéäéêÜ üôáí ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ôï ëåéôïõñãéêü óýóôçìá.
      Ãéá ìåãÜëï äéÜóôçìá, ç äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ äåí Þôáí åýêïëç óôï &os;.
      ¸ðñåðå íá åöáñìïóôïýí patches óôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá, íá ãßíåé ìåôáãëþôôéóç
      ôïõ áðü ôçí áñ÷Þ, êáé íá åãêáôáóôáèïýí îáíÜ ôá íÝá åêôåëÝóéìá.</para>

    <para>Áõôü äåí åßíáé ðëÝïí áíáãêáßï, êáèþò ôï &os; äéáèÝôåé ôþñá Ýíá
      âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá, ôï <command>freebsd-update</command>.  Ôï ðñüãñáììá
      ðáñÝ÷åé äýï äéáöïñåôéêÝò ëåéôïõñãßåò.  Ç ðñþôç åßíáé ç äõíáôüôçôá
      äõáäéêÞò (binary) åíçìÝñùóçò ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò ìå ôéò ôåëåõôáßåò
      äéïñèþóåéò áóöÜëåéáò êáé ëáèþí, ÷ùñßò íá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé îáíÜ ìåôáãëþôôéóç
      êáé åãêáôÜóôáóç.  Ç äåýôåñç åßíáé ç äõíáôüôçôá áíáâÜèìéóçò ôïõ
      óõóôÞìáôïò óå ìéá íÝá ìéêñÞ Þ ìåãÜëç åðßóçìç Ýêäïóç (release).</para>

    <note>
      <para>ÄõáäéêÝò äéïñèþóåéò ëáèþí êáé áóöÜëåéáò, äéáôßèåíôáé ãéá üëåò
	ôéò áñ÷éôåêôïíéêÝò êáé åêäüóåéò ðïõ õðïóôçñßæïíôáé áðü ôçí ïìÜäá
	áóöÜëåéáò.  Ðñéí ðñï÷ùñÞóåôå óôçí áíáâÜèìéóç óå ìéá íÝá Ýêäïóç,
	èá ðñÝðåé íá äéáâÜóåôå ôéò ó÷åôéêÝò ìå áõôÞí áíáêïéíþóåéò, êáèþò
	ìðïñåß íá ðåñéÝ÷ïõí óçìáíôéêÝò ðëçñïöïñßåò.  Ìðïñåßôå íá äåßôå ôéò
	áíáêïéíþóåéò åêäüóåùí óôçí ðáñáêÜôù ôïðïèåóßá:
	<ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/"></ulink>.</para>
    </note>

    <para>Áí õðÜñ÷åé êÜðïéï <command>crontab</command> ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôéò
      äõíáôüôçôåò ôïõ <command>freebsd-update</command>, èá ðñÝðåé íá
      áðåíåñãïðïéçèåß ðñéí îåêéíÞóåé ç ðáñáêÜôù äéáäéêáóßá.  Ìðïñåßôå íá
      åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôçí ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç ôïõ
      <command>freebsd-update</command> êáôåâÜæïíôáò ôï óõìðéåóìÝíï ðáêÝôï
      áðü ôï ðáñáðÜíù <acronym>URL</acronym> êáé åêôåëþíôáò ôéò ðáñáêÜôù
      åíôïëÝò:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gunzip -c freebsd-update-upgrade.tgz | tar xvf -</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mv freebsd-update.sh /usr/sbin/freebsd-update</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mv freebsd-update.conf /etc</userinput></screen>

    <para>Äåí áðáéôåßôáé íá êáôåâÜóåôå ôçí ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç, áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå
      êÜðïéá áðü ôéò ôñÝ÷ïõóåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ &os;.</para>

    <sect2 id="freebsdupdate-config-file">
      <title>Ôï Áñ÷åßï Ñõèìßóåùí</title>

      <para>ÊÜðïéïé ÷ñÞóôåò ßóùò èÝëïõí íá áëëÜîïõí ôï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï áñ÷åßï
	ñõèìßóåùí <filename>/etc/freebsd-update.conf</filename>, þóôå
	íá Ý÷ïõí êáëýôåñï Ýëåã÷ï ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò.  Ïé åðéëïãÝò åßíáé ãåíéêÜ
	áñêåôÜ êáëÜ ôåêìçñéùìÝíåò, áëëÜ ïé ðáñáêÜôù ßóùò íá ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé
	êÜðïéåò åðéðëÝïí åðåîçãÞóåéò:</para>

      <programlisting># Components of the base system which should be kept updated.
Components src world kernel</programlisting>

      <para>ÁõôÞ ç ðáñÜìåôñïò åëÝã÷åé ðïéá ôìÞìáôá ôïõ &os; èá äéáôçñïýíôáé
	åíçìåñùìÝíá.  Ç ðñïåðéëïãÞ åßíáé íá åíçìåñþíåôáé ï ðçãáßïò êþäéêáò,
	üëï ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá, êáé ï ðõñÞíáò.  Ôá ôìÞìáôá åßíáé ôá ßäéá
	ðïõ äéáôßèåíôáé êáé êáôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç, ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá áí âÜëåôå
	ôçí åðéëïãÞ <literal>world/games</literal> èá åãêáèßóôáíôáé åíçìåñþóåéò
	ãéá ôá ðáé÷íßäéá.  Áí âÜëåôå <literal>src/bin</literal> èá åðéôñÝøåôå
	ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôïõ êáôáëüãïõ
	<filename class="directory">src/bin</filename>.</para>

      <para>Ç êáëýôåñç åðéëïãÞ åßíáé íá áöÞóåôå åäþ ôçí ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç ôéìÞ,
	êáèþò áí ôçí áëëÜîåôå þóôå íá ðåñéÝ÷åé óõãêåêñéìÝíá ìüíï ôìÞìáôá,
	èá áíáãêáóôåßôå íá áíáöÝñåôå ÷ùñéóôÜ ìÝóá óôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí êÜèå
	ôìÞìá ðïõ èÝëåôå íá åíçìåñþíåôáé.  Áõôü ßóùò Ý÷åé êáôáóôñïöéêÜ
	áðïôåëÝóìáôá, êáèþò åßíáé ðéèáíü ï ðçãáßïò êþäéêáò êáé ôá åêôåëÝóéìá
	ðñïãñÜììáôá íá ìçí åßíáé ðëÝïí óå óõã÷ñïíéóìü ìåôáîý ôïõò.</para>

      <programlisting># Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an IgnorePaths
# statement will be ignored.
IgnorePaths</programlisting>

      <para>ÐñïóèÝóôå äéáäñïìÝò óå êáôáëüãïõò, üðùò
	<filename class="directory">/bin</filename> Þ
	<filename class="directory">/sbin</filename> ãéá íá áöÞóåôå
	áðåßñá÷ôïõò ôïõò óõãêåêñéìÝíïõò êáôáëüãïõò êáôÜ ôçí äéáäéêáóßá
	åíçìÝñùóçò.  Ç åðéëïãÞ áõôÞ ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ãéá íá áðïôñÝøåé
	ôï <command>freebsd-update</command> íá ãñÜøåé ðÜíù óå ðéèáíüí
	äéêÝò óáò ôïðéêÝò áëëáãÝò.</para>

      <programlisting># Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an UpdateIfUnmodified
# statement will only be updated if the contents of the file have not been
# modified by the user (unless changes are merged; see below).
UpdateIfUnmodified /etc/ /var/ /root/ /.cshrc /.profile</programlisting>

      <para>Ç åðéëïãÞ áõôÞ èá åíçìåñþóåé ôá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí óôïõò êáôáëüãïõò
	ðïõ êáèïñßæïíôáé, ìüíï áí áõôÜ äåí Ý÷ïõí ìåôáâëçèåß áðü ôï ÷ñÞóôç.
	Áí õðÜñ÷ïõí ôïðéêÝò áëëáãÝò, äåí èá ãßíåé åíçìÝñùóç.  ÕðÜñ÷åé ìéá
	áêüìá åðéëïãÞ, ç <literal>KeepModifiedMetadata</literal>, ç ïðïßá
	ïäçãåß ôï <command>freebsd-update</command> íá áðïèçêåýóåé ôéò áëëáãÝò
	ìåôáîý ôùí äýï åêäüóåùí êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò óõã÷þíåõóçò
	(merge).</para>

      <programlisting># When upgrading to a new &os; release, files which match MergeChanges
# will have any local changes merged into the version from the new release.
MergeChanges /etc/ /var/named/etc/</programlisting>

      <para>Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ôç ëßóôá ôùí êáôáëüãùí ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷ïõí áñ÷åßá
	ñõèìßóåùí, êáé óôá ïðïßá ôï <command>freebsd-update</command> èá
	åðé÷åéñåß ôçí äéáäéêáóßá óõã÷þíåõóçò áëëáãþí.  Ç äéáäéêáóßá
	óõã÷þíåõóçò ãßíåôáé ìå ìéá óåéñÜ áðü patches ôýðïõ &man.diff.1;
	ðáñüìïéá ìå ôï &man.mergemaster.8; áëëÜ ìå ëéãüôåñåò åðéëïãÝò.  Ïé
	óõã÷ùíåýóåéò åßôå ãßíïíôáé äåêôÝò, åßôå ðñïêáëïýí ôï Üíïéãìá êÜðïéïõ
	óõíôÜêôç êåéìÝíïõ, äéáöïñåôéêÜ ç åêôÝëåóç ôïõ
	<command>freebsd-update</command> áêõñþíåôáé.  Áí äåí åßóôå
	óßãïõñïò, êñáôÞóôå áíôßãñáöï áóöáëåßáò ôïõ êáôáëüãïõ
	<filename class="directory">/etc</filename> êáé áðëþò äå÷èåßôå ôéò
	áëëáãÝò.  Äåßôå ôï <xref linkend="mergemaster"/> ãéá
	ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ
	<command>mergemaster</command>.</para>

      <programlisting># Directory in which to store downloaded updates and temporary
# files used by &os; Update.
# WorkDir /var/db/freebsd-update</programlisting>

      <para>Óôïí êáôÜëïãï áõôü öõëÜóóïíôáé üëá ôá patches êáé ôá ðñïóùñéíÜ
	áñ÷åßá.  Óå ðåñéðôþóåéò üðïõ ï ÷ñÞóôçò åêôåëåß áíáâÜèìéóç óå ìéá
	íåüôåñç Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os;, èá ðñÝðåé íá äéáèÝôåé ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí Ýíá
	gigabyte åëåýèåñïõ ÷þñïõ.</para>

      <programlisting># When upgrading between releases, should the list of Components be
# read strictly (StrictComponents yes) or merely as a list of components
# which *might* be installed of which &os; Update should figure out
# which actually are installed and upgrade those (StrictComponents no)?
# StrictComponents no</programlisting>

      <para>Áí èÝóåôå ôçí ðáñáðÜíù åðéëïãÞ óôï <literal>yes</literal>,
	ôï <command>freebsd-update</command> èá õðïèÝóåé üôé ç ëßóôá
	<literal>Components</literal> åßíáé ðëÞñçò êáé äåí èá åðé÷åéñÞóåé
	íá ðñï÷ùñÞóåé óå áëëáãÝò åêôüò ëßóôáò.  ÏõóéáóôéêÜ, ôï
	<command>freebsd-update</command> èá ðñïóðáèÞóåé íá åíçìåñþóåé êÜèå
	áñ÷åßï ðïõ áíÞêåé óôç ëßóôá <literal>Components</literal>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="freebsdupdate-security-patches">
      <title>Patches Ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí ÁóöÜëåéá</title>

      <para>Ôá patches ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôçí áóöÜëåéá, áðïèçêåýïíôáé óå
	Ýíá áðïìáêñõóìÝíï ìç÷Üíçìá êáé ìðïñïýí íá ìåôáöïñôùèïýí êáé íá
	åãêáôáóôáèïýí ìå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>freebsd-update fetch</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>freebsd-update install</userinput></screen>

      <para>Áí ìå ôçí ðáñáðÜíù åíôïëÞ åãêáôáóôáèïýí åíçìåñþóåéò óôïí ðõñÞíá,
	èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï óýóôçìá.  Áí üëá ðÜíå êáëÜ, ôï
	óýóôçìá èá åßíáé ðëÝïí åíçìåñùìÝíï êáé ìðïñåßôå íá åêôåëåßôå ôï
	<command>freebsd-update</command> áõôüìáôá ìå ôçí âïÞèåéá ôïõ
	&man.cron.8;.  Ìéá áðëÞ êáôá÷þñéóç óôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>/etc/crontab</filename> åßíáé åðáñêÞò ãéá áõôü
	ôï óêïðü:</para>

      <programlisting>@daily                                  root    freebsd-update cron</programlisting>

      <para>Ç ðáñáðÜíù êáôá÷þñéóç ïñßæåé üôé ôï
	<command>freebsd-update</command> èá åêôåëåßôáé ìéá öïñÜ ôçí çìÝñá.
	Ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü, êáé üôáí ç åêôÝëåóç åßíáé ìÝóù ôçò åðéëïãÞò
	<option>cron</option>, ôï <command>freebsd-update</command> áðëþò
	èá åëÝã÷åé ãéá åíçìåñþóåéò.  Áí õðÜñ÷ïõí, ç åöáñìïãÞ èá ôéò
	êáôåâÜæåé, áëëÜ äåí èá ôéò åãêáèéóôÜ.  Èá óôÝëíåé üìùò Ýíá email
	óôï ÷ñÞóôç <username>root</username> þóôå íá ôéò åãêáôáóôÞóåé
	÷åéñïêßíçôá.</para>

      <para>Áí ïôéäÞðïôå ðÜåé óôñáâÜ, ôï <command>freebsd-update</command>
	Ý÷åé ôçí éêáíüôçôá íá åðéóôñÝöåé óôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç óôáèåñÞ êáôÜóôáóç,
	áíáéñþíôáò ôï ôåëåõôáßï óåô áëëáãþí ìå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>freebsd-update rollback</userinput></screen>

      <para>Ìå ôçí ïëïêëÞñùóç ôçò åíôïëÞò, èá ðñÝðåé íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï
	óýóôçìá áí Ý÷ïõí ãßíåé áëëáãÝò óôïí ðõñÞíá Þ óå êÜðïéï áðü ôá
	áñèñþìáôá ôïõ.  Áõôü èá åðéôñÝøåé óôï &os; íá öïñôþóåé ôá íÝá
	åêôåëÝóéìá óôç ìíÞìç.</para>

      <para>Ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá <command>freebsd-update</command> ìðïñåß
	íá åíçìåñþóåé áõôüìáôá ìüíï ôïí ðõñÞíá <filename>GENERIC</filename>.
	Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ðñïóáñìïóìÝíïò ðõñÞíáò, èá ðñÝðåé íá
	ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß îáíÜ, üôáí ôï <command>freebsd-update</command>
	ôåëåéþóåé ìå ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôùí õðüëïéðùí åíçìåñþóåùí.  Ùóôüóï, ôï
	<command>freebsd-update</command> èá áíé÷íåýóåé êáé èá åíçìåñþóåé
	ôïí ðõñÞíá <filename>GENERIC</filename> óôï <filename
	  class="directory">/boot/GENERIC</filename> (áí õðÜñ÷åé), áêüìá
	êáé áí äåí åßíáé ï åíåñãüò ðõñÞíáò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò (áõôüò ðïõ
	åêôåëåßôáé ôç óõãêåêñéìÝíç óôéãìÞ).</para>

      <note>
	<para>Åßíáé ãåíéêÜ êáëÞ éäÝá íá Ý÷åôå ðÜíôá Ýíá áíôßãñáöï ôïõ
	  ðõñÞíá <filename>GENERIC</filename> óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
	    class="directory">/boot/GENERIC</filename>.  Èá óáò âïçèÞóåé óôçí
	  äéÜãíùóç äéÜöïñùí ðñïâëçìÜôùí, êáèþò êáé óôçí áíáâÜèìéóç óå åðüìåíåò
	  åêäüóåéò ôïõ &os;, ìÝóù ôïõ <command>freebsd-update</command>.
	  Ç äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ ðåñéãñÜöåôáé óôï
	  <xref linkend="freebsdupdate-upgrade"/>.</para>
      </note>

      <para>Áí äåí Ý÷ïõí ãßíåé áëëáãÝò óôéò ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò óôï
	áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/freebsd-update.conf</filename>, ôï
	<command>freebsd-update</command> èá åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôá áíáíåùìÝíá áñ÷åßá
	ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ìáæß ìå ôéò õðüëïéðåò åíçìåñþóåéò.  Ìðïñåßôå Ýðåéôá íá
	ðñï÷ùñÞóåôå óôç ìåôáãëþôôéóç êáé åãêáôÜóôáóç íÝïõ ðñïóáñìïóìÝíïõ
	ðõñÞíá, ìå ôï óõíÞèç ôñüðï.</para>

      <note>
	<para>Ïé åíçìåñþóåéò ðïõ äéáíÝìïíôáé ìÝóù ôïõ
	  <command>freebsd-update</command> äåí ðåñéëáìâÜíïõí ðÜíôïôå áëëáãÝò
	  óôïí ðõñÞíá.  Äåí åßíáé áðáñáßôçôï íá åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôïí
	  ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá óáò, áí ç åêôÝëåóç ôïõ
	  <command>freebsd-update install</command> äåí åðÝöåñå áëëáãÝò óôá
	  áñ÷åßá ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôïõ ðõñÞíá.  Ùóôüóï, ôï
	  <command>freebsd-update</command> åíçìåñþíåé ðÜíôïôå ôï áñ÷åßï
	  <filename>/usr/src/sys/conf/newvers.sh</filename>.  Ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü
	  ðåñéÝ÷åé ôï ôñÝ÷ïí åðßðåäï åíçìåñþóåùí (patch level) ôï ïðïßï êáé
	  áíáöÝñåôáé ùò áñéèìüò <literal>-p</literal> áðü åíôïëÝò üðùò ç
	  <command>uname -r</command>.  Ìåôáãëùôôßæïíôáò îáíÜ ôïí
	  ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá óáò (áêüìá êáé áí äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí Üëëåò áëëáãÝò)
	  èá äþóåôå ôç äõíáôüôçôá óôçí &man.uname.1; íá áíáöÝñåé ìå áêñßâåéá
	  ôï åðßðåäï åíçìåñþóåùí.  Áõôü ìðïñåß íá åßíáé éäéáßôåñá ÷ñÞóéìï
	  üôáí óõíôçñåßôå ðïëëáðëÜ óõóôÞìáôá, êáèþò óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá
	  áîéïëïãÞóåôå ìå ìéá ìáôéÜ ôé åíçìåñþóåéò Ý÷ïõí åãêáôáóôáèåß óôï
	  êáèÝíá.</para>
      </note>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="freebsdupdate-upgrade">
      <title>Áíáâáèìßóåéò óå ÌéêñÝò êáé ÌåãÜëåò Åêäüóåéò</title>

      <para>Ç äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ èá áðïìáêñýíåé ôá ðáëéÜ áñ÷åßá áíôéêåéìåíéêïý
	êþäéêá (object files) êáèþò êáé ôéò ðáëéÝò âéâëéïèÞêåò, êÜíïíôáò
	ôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò åöáñìïãÝò ôñßôùí êáôáóêåõáóôþí íá ìç ëåéôïõñãïýí.
	Óáò óõíéóôïýìå åßôå íá áðåãêáôáóôÞóåôå üëá ôá åãêáôåóôçìÝíá ports êáé
	íá ôá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå îáíÜ, Þ íá ôá áíáâáèìßóåôå áñãüôåñá,
	÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá
	<filename role="package">ports-mgmt/portupgrade</filename>.
	Ïé ðåñéóóüôåñïé ÷ñÞóôåò èá èÝëïõí íá êÜíïõí ìéá äïêéìáóôéêÞ
	ìåôáãëþôôéóç ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portupgrade -af</userinput></screen>

      <para>Ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï åîáóöáëßæåôáé üôé ôá ðÜíôá èá åðáíåãêáôáóôáèïýí
	óùóôÜ.  Óçìåéþóôå üôé áí èÝóåôå ôçí ìåôáâëçôÞ ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò
	<makevar>BATCH</makevar> óôçí ôéìÞ <literal>yes</literal>, üëåò ïé
	ðéèáíÝò åñùôÞóåéò ðïõ èá åìöáíéóôïýí êáôÜ ôç äéáäéêáóßá, èá
	áðáíôçèïýí áõôüìáôá ìå <literal>yes</literal>.  ¸ôóé äåí õðÜñ÷åé ðëÝïí
	áíÜãêç ãéá ðáñÝìâáóç ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò
	ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.</para>

      <para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ðñïóáñìïóìÝíïò ðõñÞíáò, ç äéáäéêáóßá
	áíáâÜèìéóçò åßíáé åëáöñÜ ðéï ðïëýðëïêç.  Èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå Ýíá áíôßãñáöï
	ôïõ ðõñÞíá <filename>GENERIC</filename> óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
	  class="directory">/boot/GENERIC</filename>.  Áí äåí õðÜñ÷åé Þäç ï
	ðõñÞíáò <filename>GENERIC</filename> óôï óýóôçìá óáò, ìðïñåßôå íá ôïí
	áíáêôÞóåôå ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ìéá áðü ôéò ðáñáêÜôù ìåèüäïõò:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>Áí Ý÷åôå ìåôáãëùôôßóåé ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá ìüíï ìéá öïñÜ, ï
	    ðõñÞíáò óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
	      class="directory">/boot/kernel.old</filename> åßíáé óôçí
	    ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá ï <filename>GENERIC</filename>.  Áðëþò ìåôïíïìÜóôå
	    ôïí êáôÜëïãï óå <filename
	      class="directory">/boot/GENERIC</filename>.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Áí Ý÷åôå öõóéêÞ ðñüóâáóç óôï ìç÷Üíçìá, ìðïñåßôå íá
	    åãêáôáóôÞóåôå Ýíá áíôßãñáöï ôïõ ðõñÞíá <filename>GENERIC</filename>
	    áðü ôï CD-ROM ôçò åãêáôÜóôáóçò.  ÔïðïèåôÞóôå ôï CD-ROM óôïí ïäçãü
	    êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /cdrom</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /cdrom/<replaceable>X.Y-RELEASE</replaceable>/kernels</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>./install.sh GENERIC</userinput></screen>

	  <para>ÁíôéêáôáóôÞóôå ôï <filename
	      class="directory"><replaceable>X.Y-RELEASE</replaceable></filename>
	    ìå ôïõò ðñáãìáôéêïýò áñéèìïýò ôçò Ýêäïóçò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå.
	    Ï ðõñÞíáò <filename>GENERIC</filename> èá åãêáôáóôáèåß áðü
	    ðñïåðéëïãÞ óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
	      class="directory">/boot/GENERIC</filename>.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Áí äåí Ý÷åôå êÜðïéá áðü ôéò ðáñáðÜíù åðéëïãÝò, ìðïñåßôå íá
	    ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå êáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá
	    <filename>GENERIC</filename> ìÝóù ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>env DESTDIR=/boot/GENERIC make kernel</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mv /boot/GENERIC/boot/kernel/* /boot/GENERIC</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>rm -rf /boot/GENERIC/boot</userinput></screen>

	  <para>Ãéá íá áíáãíùñéóôåß áõôüò ï ðõñÞíáò ùò
	    <filename>GENERIC</filename> áðü ôï
	    <command>freebsd-update</command>, äåí èá ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷ïõí ãßíåé
	    áëëáãÝò óôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ <filename>GENERIC</filename>.
	    Óõíßóôáôáé åðßóçò ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç íá ãßíåé ÷ùñßò Üëëåò
	    åîåéäéêåõìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò (êáôÜ ðñïôßìçóç ìå êåíü ôï
	    <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>).</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>Äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ôç äåäïìÝíç óôéãìÞ íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ìå ôïí ðõñÞíá
	<filename>GENERIC</filename>.</para>

      <para>Åßíáé äõíáôÝò ïé áíáâáèìßóåéò ôüóï óå ìéêñÝò üóï êáé óå ìåãÜëåò
	åêäüóåéò, äßíïíôáò óôçí åíôïëÞ <command>freebsd-update</command> ôïí
	åðéèõìçôü áñéèìü Ýêäïóçò.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ç áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ èá
	áíáâáèìßóåé ôï óýóôçìá óå &os;&nbsp;8.1:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>freebsd-update -r 8.1-RELEASE upgrade</userinput></screen>

      <para>ÌåôÜ ôç ëÞøç ôçò åíôïëÞò, ôï
	<command>freebsd-update</command> èá áîéïëïãÞóåé ôçí êáôÜóôáóç ôïõ
	óõóôÞìáôïò êáé ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ, óå ìéá áðüðåéñá íá ìáæÝøåé
	ôéò áðáñáßôçôåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôçí áíáâÜèìéóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.
	Ïé ðëçñïöïñßåò ðïõ áíé÷íåýèçêáí èá åìöáíéóôïýí óôçí ïèüíç ìå ôç ìïñöÞ
	ìéáò ëßóôáò åãêáôåóôçìÝíùí ðñïãñáììÜôùí.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá:</para>

      <screen>Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 1 mirrors found.
Fetching metadata signature for 8.0-RELEASE from update1.FreeBSD.org... done.
Fetching metadata index... done.
Inspecting system... done.

The following components of FreeBSD seem to be installed:
kernel/smp src/base src/bin src/contrib src/crypto src/etc src/games
src/gnu src/include src/krb5 src/lib src/libexec src/release src/rescue
src/sbin src/secure src/share src/sys src/tools src/ubin src/usbin
world/base world/info world/lib32 world/manpages

The following components of FreeBSD do not seem to be installed:
kernel/generic world/catpages world/dict world/doc world/games
world/proflibs

Does this look reasonable (y/n)? y</screen>

      <para>Óôï óçìåßï áõôü, ôï <command>freebsd-update</command> èá
	êáôåâÜóåé üëá ôá áñ÷åßá ðïõ áðáéôïýíôáé ãéá ôçí áíáâÜèìéóç.  Óå
	ìåñéêÝò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ï ÷ñÞóôçò èá êëçèåß íá áðáíôÞóåé óå åñùôÞóåéò
	ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï ôé èá åãêáôáóôáèåß Þ ðùò ðñÝðåé íá ðñï÷ùñÞóåé ç
	äéáäéêáóßá.</para>

      <para>¼ôáí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ðñïóáñìïóìÝíïò ðõñÞíáò, ôï ðáñáðÜíù âÞìá
	èá ðñïêáëÝóåé ôçí åìöÜíéóç ôçò ðáñáêÜôù ðñïåéäïðïßçóçò:</para>

      <screen>WARNING: This system is running a "<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable>" kernel, which is not a
kernel configuration distributed as part of FreeBSD 8.0-RELEASE.
This kernel will not be updated: you MUST update the kernel manually
before running "/usr/sbin/freebsd-update install"</screen>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá áãíïÞóåôå áõôÞ ôçí ðñïåéäïðïßçóç.  Èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõìå
	ôïí åíçìåñùìÝíï ðõñÞíá <filename>GENERIC</filename> ùò åíäéÜìåóï âÞìá
	óôç äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò.</para>

      <para>Áöïý ìåôáöïñôùèïýí üëá ôá patches óôï ôïðéêü óýóôçìá, èá ãßíåé
	êáé ç åöáñìïãÞ ôïõò.  Ç äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ ßóùò ðÜñåé ëßãï ÷ñüíï,
	áíÜëïãá ìå ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá êáé ôï öïñôßï ôïõ ìç÷áíÞìáôïò.  ¸ðåéôá èá
	ãßíåé ç óõã÷þíåõóç ôùí áñ÷åßùí ñõèìßóåùí.  Áõôü ôï ìÝñïò ôçò
	äéáäéêáóßáò áðáéôåß ðáñÝìâáóç ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç, êáèþò óå êÜðïéá áñ÷åßá èá
	÷ñåéáóôåß ç óõã÷þíåõóç íá ãßíåé ÷åéñïêßíçôá ìå ôç âïÞèåéá êÜðïéïõ
	óõíôÜêôç êåéìÝíïõ.  Ï ÷ñÞóôçò èá åíçìåñþíåôáé ãéá ôï áðïôÝëåóìá êÜèå
	åðéôõ÷çìÝíçò óõã÷þíåõóçò êáèþò åîåëßóóåôáé ç äéáäéêáóßá.  Óå
	ðåñßðôùóç áðïôõ÷çìÝíçò óõã÷þíåõóçò (Þ áãíüçóçò ôçò), ç äéáäéêáóßá
	áíáâÜèìéóçò èá äéáêïðåß.  Åíäå÷ïìÝíùò íá èÝëåôå íá êñáôÞóåôå áíôßãñáöï
	áóöáëåßáò ôïõ êáôáëüãïõ <filename class="directory">/etc</filename>
	êáé íá óõã÷ùíåýóåôå áñãüôåñá (÷åéñïêßíçôá) êÜðïéá óçìáíôéêÜ áñ÷åßá,
	üðùò ôï <filename>master.passwd</filename> Þ ôï
	<filename>group</filename>.</para>

      <note>
	<para>Óôï óçìåßï áõôü äåí Ý÷åé ãßíåé áêüìá êáìéÜ áëëáãÞ óôï óýóôçìá,
	  êáèþò üëç ç äéáäéêáóßá ôçò áíáâÜèìéóçò êáé óõã÷þíåõóçò ãßíåôáé óå
	  äéáöïñåôéêü êáôÜëïãï.  ¼ôáí åöáñìïóôïýí åðéôõ÷þò üëá ôá patches
	  êáé ïëïêëçñùèåß ìå åðéôõ÷ßá ç äéáäéêáóßá ôçò óõã÷þíåõóçò üëùí ôùí
	  áñ÷åßùí ñýèìéóçò, ï ÷ñÞóôçò èá ðñÝðåé íá åðéâåâáéþóåé ôçí ôåëéêÞ
	  åãêáôÜóôáóç.</para>
      </note>

      <para>Ìå ôï ôÝëïò áõôÞò ôç äéáäéêáóßáò, ç áíáâÜèìéóç ìðïñåß íá
	ïñéóôéêïðïéçèåß óôï äßóêï, ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç ôçò áêüëïõèçò åíôïëÞò:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>freebsd-update install</userinput></screen>

      <para>Óôçí ðñþôç öÜóç, èá áëëá÷èåß ï ðõñÞíáò êáé ôá ó÷åôéêÜ áñèñþìáôá.
	Óôï óçìåßï áõôü, èá ðñÝðåé íá ãßíåé åðáíåêêßíçóç ôïõ ìç÷áíÞìáôïò.
	Óå ìç÷Üíçìá ìå ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
	&man.nextboot.8; þóôå íá èÝóåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá ãéá ôçí åðüìåíç åêêßíçóç
	óôïí <filename class="directory">/boot/GENERIC</filename> (ï ïðïßïò
	Ý÷åé Þäç áíáâáèìéóôåß):</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>nextboot -k GENERIC</userinput></screen>

      <warning>
	<para>Ðñéí åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ìå ôïí ðõñÞíá <filename>GENERIC</filename>,
	  âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ðåñéÝ÷åé üëá ôá ðñïãñÜììáôá ïäÞãçóçò ðïõ áðáéôïýíôáé
	  ãéá ôçí åðéôõ÷Þ åêêßíçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò (êáé ôç ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ
	  äéêôýïõ, áí áíáâáèìßæåôå êÜðïéï áðïìáêñõóìÝíï ìç÷Üíçìá).
	  Åéäéêüôåñá, áí ï ðñïçãïýìåíïò ðñïóáñìïóìÝíïò ðõñÞíáò ðåñéåß÷å
	  ëåéôïõñãßåò ðïõ óõíÞèùò ðáñÝ÷ïíôáé áðü áñèñþìáôá (modules),
	  âåâáéùèåßôå üôé öñïíôßóáôå íá öïñôùèïýí ðñïóùñéíÜ óôïí ðõñÞíá
	  <filename>GENERIC</filename> ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôéò äõíáôüôçôåò ôïõ
	  áñ÷åßïõ <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>.  ºóùò åðßóçò íá
	  èÝëåôå íá áðåíåñãïðïéÞóåôå õðçñåóßåò, ðñïóáñôÞóåéò äßóêùí êáé
	  äéêôýïõ ê.ë.ð. ðïõ äåí åßíáé áðáñáßôçôåò, ìÝ÷ñé ôçí ïëïêëÞñùóç ôçò
	  äéáäéêáóßáò áíáâÜèìéóçò.</para>
      </warning>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ ãéá íá
	åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìå ôïí íÝï ðõñÞíá:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown -r now</userinput></screen>

      <para>Ìüëéò ôï óýóôçìá åðáíÝëèåé óå ëåéôïõñãßá, èá ðñÝðåé íá åêôåëÝóåôå
	îáíÜ ôï <command>freebsd-update</command>.  Ç ðñïçãïýìåíç ëåéôïõñãßá
	Ý÷åé áðïèçêåõèåß, êáé Ýôóé ôï <command>freebsd-update</command> äåí èá
	îåêéíÞóåé áðü ôçí áñ÷Þ, áëëÜ èá áðïìáêñýíåé üëåò ôéò ðáëéÝò
	êïéíü÷ñçóôåò âéâëéïèÞêåò êáé ôá áñ÷åßá áíôéêåéìåíéêïý êþäéêá.  Ãéá íá
	óõíå÷ßóåôå óå áõôü ôï óôÜäéï, äþóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>freebsd-update install</userinput></screen>

      <note>
	<para>ÁíÜëïãá ìå ôï áí õðÞñîáí áëëáãÝò óôïõò áñéèìïýò åêäüóåùí ôùí
	  âéâëéïèçêþí, ßóùò íá õðÜñ÷ïõí ìüíï äýï öÜóåéò åãêáôÜóôáóçò áíôß ãéá
	  ôñåéò.</para>
      </note>

      <para>¼ëï ôï ëïãéóìéêü ôñßôïõ êáôáóêåõáóôÞ èá ðñÝðåé ôþñá íá
	ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß êáé íá åðáíåãêáôáóôáèåß áðü ôçí áñ÷Þ.  Áõôü áðáéôåßôáé
	êáèþò ôï åãêáôåóôçìÝíï ëïãéóìéêü ßóùò åîáñôÜôáé áðü âéâëéïèÞêåò ïé
	ïðïßåò áöáéñÝèçêáí êáôÜ ôç äéáäéêáóßá ôçò áíáâÜèìéóçò.  Ìðïñåßôå íá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
	<filename role="package">ports-mgmt/portupgrade</filename>
	ãéá íá áõôïìáôïðïéÞóåôå áõôÞ ôç äéáäéêáóßá.  Ãéá íá îåêéíÞóåôå, äþóôå
	ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portupgrade -f ruby</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>rm /var/db/pkg/pkgdb.db</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>portupgrade -f ruby18-bdb</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>rm /var/db/pkg/pkgdb.db /usr/ports/INDEX-*.db</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>portupgrade -af</userinput></screen>

      <para>Ìüëéò ïëïêëçñùèåß ôï ðáñáðÜíù, ïëïêëçñþóôå ôç äéáäéêáóßá
	áíáâÜèìéóçò ìå ìéá ôåëåõôáßá êëÞóç ôçò åíôïëÞò
	<command>freebsd-update</command>.  Äþóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ ãéá íá
	ïëïêëçñþóåôå ïôéäÞðïôå Ý÷åé áðïìåßíåé óôç äéáäéêáóßá
	áíáâÜèìéóçò:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>freebsd-update install</userinput></screen>

      <para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýóáôå ðñïóùñéíÜ ôïí ðõñÞíá
	<filename>GENERIC</filename>, áõôÞ åßíáé ç êáôÜëëçëç óôéãìÞ ãéá íá
	ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå êáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå íÝï ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá, ìå ôï
	óõíÞèç ôñüðï.</para>

      <para>ÅðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò óôçí íÝá Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os;.
	Ç äéáäéêáóßá Ý÷åé ïëïêëçñùèåß.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="freebsdupdate-system-comparison">
      <title>Óýãêñéóç ÊáôÜóôáóçò ôïõ ÓõóôÞìáôïò</title>

      <para>Ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá <command>freebsd-update</command> ìðïñåß íá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ãéá íá åëÝãîåôå ôçí êáôÜóôáóç ôçò åãêáôåóôçìÝíçò
	Ýêäïóçò ôïõ &os; óå ó÷Ýóç ìå ìéá ãíùóôÞ êáé óùóôÞ åãêáôÜóôáóç.
	Ç åðéëïãÞ áõôÞ óõãêñßíåé êáé áîéïëïãåß ôçí ôñÝ÷ïõóá Ýêäïóç ôùí
	ðñïãñáììÜôùí óõóôÞìáôïò, ôùí âéâëéïèçêþí êáé ôùí áñ÷åßùí ñýèìéóçò.
	Ãéá íá îåêéíÞóåôå ôç óýãêñéóç, äþóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>freebsd-update IDS &gt;&gt; outfile.ids</userinput></screen>

      <warning>
	<para>Áí êáé ôï üíïìá ôçò åíôïëÞò åßíáé <acronym>IDS</acronym>, äåí
	  èá ðñÝðåé óå êáìéÜ ðåñßðôùóç íá èåùñçèåß õðïêáôÜóôáôï åíüò
	  óõóôÞìáôïò áíß÷íåõóçò åéóâïëÝá (intrusion detection system) üðùò
	  åßíáé ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá ôï
	  <filename role="package">security/snort</filename>.
	  Êáèþò ôï <command>freebsd-update</command> áðïèçêåýåé ôá äåäïìÝíá
	  ôïõ óôï äßóêï, õðÜñ÷åé ðÜíôá ç ðéèáíüôçôá íá Ý÷åé ãßíåé áëëïßùóç
	  ôïõò.  Áí êáé ç ðéèáíüôçôá áõôÞ ìðïñåß íá ìåéùèåß ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
	  ôç ñýèìéóç <varname>kern.securelevel</varname> êáé áðïèçêåýïíôáò
	  ôá äåäïìÝíá ôçò åíôïëÞò <command>freebsd-update</command> óå Ýíá
	  óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ìüíï ãéá áíÜãíùóç, ìéá áêüìá êáëýôåñç ëýóç èá Þôáí
	  íá óõãêñßíåôå ôï óýóôçìá ìå êÜðïéï äßóêï ðïõ èåùñåßôå óßãïõñá
	  áóöáëÞ.  Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå Ýíá äßóêï
	  <acronym>DVD</acronym> Þ Ýíá åîùôåñéêü äßóêï <acronym>USB</acronym>
	  ðïõ öõëÜóóåôå óå áóöáëÞ ôïðïèåóßá.</para>
      </warning>

      <para>Èá ãßíåé ôþñá ìéá åðéèåþñçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò êáé èá åêôõðùèåß
	ìéá ëßóôá áðü áñ÷åßá êáé ôéìÝò hash ôïõ ôýðïõ &man.sha256.1;,
	ôüóï ãéá ôï åãêáôåóôçìÝíï üóï êáé ãéá ôï ãíùóôü óýóôçìá.  ÅðåéäÞ
	ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ìåãÜëç ëßóôá, ôçí áíáêáôåõèýíïõìå óôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>outfile.ids</filename>.  Óôçí ïèüíç ôï êåßìåíï èá êõëïýóå
	ðïëý ãñÞãïñá, êáé óýíôïìá èá ãÝìéæå ôçí ðñïóùñéíÞ ìíÞìç áðåéêüíéóçò
	ôçò êïíóüëáò.</para>

      <para>Ïé ãñáììÝò áõôÝò Ý÷ïõí ãåíéêÜ ìåãÜëï ìÞêïò, áëëÜ åßíáé åýêïëï
	íá åðåîåñãáóôïýìå ôçí Ýîïäï.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ãéá íá äåßôå ìéá ëßóôá
	üëùí ôùí áñ÷åßùí ðïõ äéáöÝñïõí áðü áõôÜ ôçò åðßóçìçò Ýêäïóçò, äþóôå
	ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cat outfile.ids | awk '{ print $1 }' | more</userinput>
/etc/master.passwd
/etc/motd
/etc/passwd
/etc/pf.conf</screen>

      <para>Ôá ðáñáðÜíù åßíáé ìüíï Ýíá ìÝñïò ôçò åîüäïõ, õðÜñ÷ïõí áêüìá
	ðïëëÜ äéáöïñåôéêÜ áñ÷åßá.  ÊÜðïéá áðü áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá åßíáé öõóéïëïãéêü
	íá Ý÷ïõí ôñïðïðïéçèåß.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ôï
	<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> Ý÷åé ôñïðïðïéçèåß, êáèþò Ý÷ïõí
	ðñïóôåèåß ÷ñÞóôåò óôï óýóôçìá.  Óå ìåñéêÝò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ìðïñåß íá
	õðÜñ÷ïõí êáé Üëëá áñ÷åßá, üðùò ð.÷. áñèñþìáôá ðõñÞíá ôá ïðïßá
	äéáöÝñïõí áöïý Ý÷ïõí åíçìåñùèåß ìÝóù ôçò
	<command>freebsd-update</command>.  Ãéá íá åîáéñÝóåôå óõãêåêñéìÝíá
	áñ÷åßá Þ êáôáëüãïõò, ðñïóèÝóôå ôá óôçí åðéëïãÞ
	<literal>IDSIgnorePaths</literal> óôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí
	<filename>/etc/freebsd-update.conf</filename>.</para>

      <para>Åêôüò áðü ôçí ÷ñÞóç ðïõ áíáöÝñáìå ðñïçãïõìÝíùò, ôï óýóôçìá áõôü
	ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß êáé ùò ôìÞìá ìéáò ëåðôïìåñïýò äéáäéêáóßáò
	áíáâÜèìéóçò.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="updating-upgrading-portsnap">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	  <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	  <contrib>ÃñÜöçêå áðü ôïí </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Colin</firstname>
	  <surname>Percival</surname>
	  <contrib>ÂáóéóìÝíï óå óçìåéþóåéò ðïõ ðáñåß÷å ï </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>Portsnap: ¸íá Åñãáëåßï ÅíçìÝñùóçò ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports</title>

    <indexterm><primary>Updating and Upgrading</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>Portsnap</primary>
      <see>Updating and Upgrading</see>
    </indexterm>

    <para>Ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá ôïõ &os; ðåñéëáìâÜíåé åðßóçò Ýíá âïçèçôéêü
      ðñüãñáììá ãéá ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports.  Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ôï
      &man.portsnap.8;.  ¼ôáí ôï åêôåëÝóåôå, èá óõíäåèåß óå Ýíá áðïìáêñõóìÝíï
      äéáêïìéóôÞ, èá åðáëçèåýóåé ôï êëåéäß ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, êáé èá
      êáôåâÜóåé Ýíá íÝï áíôßãñáöï ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports.  Ôï êëåéäß
      ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá íá åðáëçèåýóåé ôçí áêåñáéüôçôá üëùí ôùí áñ÷åßùí
      ðïõ ìåôáöïñôþíïíôáé, åîáóöáëßæïíôáò üôé äåí Ý÷ïõí áëëïéùèåß êáôÜ
      ôçí ìåôáöïñÜ.  Ãéá íá êáôåâÜóåôå ôá ôåëåõôáßá áñ÷åßá ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí
      Ports, åêôåëÝóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap fetch</userinput>
Looking up portsnap.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 9 mirrors found.
Fetching snapshot tag from geodns-1.FreeBSD.org... done.
Fetching snapshot metadata... done.
Updating from Tue May 22 02:12:15 CEST 2012 to Wed May 23 16:28:31 CEST 2012.
Fetching 3 metadata patches.. done.
Applying metadata patches... done.
Fetching 3 metadata files... done.
Fetching 90 patches.....10....20....30....40....50....60....70....80....90. done.
Applying patches... done.
Fetching 133 new ports or files... done.</screen>

    <para>Ôï ðáñáðÜíù ðáñÜäåéãìá äåß÷íåé üôé ôï &man.portsnap.8;
      âñÞêå êáé åðáëÞèåõóå áñêåôÜ patches ôá ïðïßá ðñÝðåé íá åöáñìïóôïýí
      óôï õðÜñ÷ïí äÝíôñï ôùí ports.  Áõôü äåß÷íåé åðßóçò üôé ôï ðñüãñáììá
      Ý÷åé åêôåëåóôåß êáôÜ ôï ðáñåëèüí.  Áí áõôÞ Þôáí ç ðñþôç öïñÜ ðïõ
      åêôåëïýíôáí, èá ãßíïíôáí áðëþò êáôÝâáóìá ôçò óõëëïãÞò.</para>

    <para>¼ôáí ôï &man.portsnap.8; åêôåëÝóåé åðéôõ÷þò ôç ëåéôïõñãßá
      <command>fetch</command>, ç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports êáé ôá
      áíôßóôïé÷á patches Ý÷ïõí áðïèçêåõèåß óôï ôïðéêü óýóôçìá êáé Ý÷åé ãßíåé
      ç åðáëÞèåõóç ôïõò.  Ôçí ðñþôç öïñÜ ðïõ èá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï
      <command>portsnap</command>, èá ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï
      <literal>extract</literal> ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôá åíçìåñùìÝíá
      áñ÷åßá:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap extract</userinput>
/usr/ports/.cvsignore
/usr/ports/CHANGES
/usr/ports/COPYRIGHT
/usr/ports/GIDs
/usr/ports/KNOBS
/usr/ports/LEGAL
/usr/ports/MOVED
/usr/ports/Makefile
/usr/ports/Mk/bsd.apache.mk
/usr/ports/Mk/bsd.autotools.mk
/usr/ports/Mk/bsd.cmake.mk
<replaceable>...</replaceable></screen>

    <para>Áí Ý÷åôå Þäç åãêáôåóôçìÝíç ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå
      ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>portsnap update</command> ãéá íá ôçí
      åíçìÝñùóåôå:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap update</userinput></screen>

    <para>Ç äéáäéêáóßá Ý÷åé ðëÝïí ïëïêëçñùèåß, êáé ìðïñåßôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå
      Þ íá áíáâáèìßóåôå åöáñìïãÝò ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíçìåñùìÝíç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí
      Ports.</para>

    <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôéò äéáäéêáóßåò <literal>fetch</literal> êáé
      <literal>extract</literal> Þ <literal>update</literal> äéáäï÷éêÜ, üðùò
      öáßíåôáé óôï ðáñáêÜôù ðáñÜäåéãìá:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap fetch update</userinput></screen>
    <para>Ç ðáñáðÜíù åíôïëÞ èá êáôåâÜóåé ôçí ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò
      ôùí Ports êáé èá åíçìåñþóåé ôá ôïðéêÜ áñ÷åßá óáò óôïí êáôÜëïãï
      <filename class="directory">/usr/ports</filename>.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="updating-upgrading-documentation">
    <title>Åíçìåñþíïíôáò ôçí Ôåêìçñßùóç</title>

    <indexterm><primary>Updating and Upgrading</primary></indexterm>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>Documentation</primary>
      <see>Updating and Upgrading</see>
    </indexterm>

    <para>Åêôüò áðü ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá êáé ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports, ç ôåêìçñßùóç
      áðïôåëåß åðßóçò âáóéêü ôìÞìá åíüò óõóôÞìáôïò &os;.  Áí êáé ðÜíôá
      ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå ôçí ðéï ðñüóöáôç ôåêìçñßùóç óôçí <ulink
	url="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/">äéêôõáêÞ ôïðïèåóßá ôïõ &os;</ulink>,
      ïñéóìÝíïé ÷ñÞóôåò ßóùò Ý÷ïõí áñãÞ Þ ìç óôáèåñÞ óýíäåóç ìå ôï Äéáäßêôõï.
      Åõôõ÷þò õðÜñ÷ïõí áñêåôïß ôñüðïé ãéá íá åíçìåñþóåôå ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ç
      ïðïßá ðáñÝ÷åôáé ìå êÜèå åðßóçìç Ýêäïóç, äéáôçñþíôáò ôï äéêü óáò ôïðéêü
      áíôßãñáöï ôçò ðéï ðñüóöáôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os;.</para>

    <sect2 id="csup-doc">
      <title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï CVSup ãéá ôçí ÅíçìÝñùóç ôçò
	Ôåêìçñßùóçò</title>

      <para>Ï ðçãáßïò êþäéêáò êáé ôï åãêáôåóôçìÝíï áíôßãñáöï ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò
	ôïõ &os;, ìðïñïýí íá åíçìåñùèïýí ìå ôçí âïÞèåéá ôïõ
	<application>CVSup</application>, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò Ýíá ìç÷áíéóìü
	ðáñüìïéï ìå áõôüí ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá (äåßôå ôï
	<xref linkend="makeworld"/>).  Ç åíüôçôá áõôÞ ðåñéãñÜöåé:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>Ðùò íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôá åñãáëåßá ðïõ áðáéôïýíôáé ãéá ôçí
	    ôåêìçñßùóç, ìå ôá ïðïßá ìðïñåßôå íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç
	    ôïõ &os; îåêéíþíôáò áðü ôïí ðçãáßï ôçò êþäéêá.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Ðùò íá êáôåâÜóåôå Ýíá áíôßãñáöï ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôçò
	    ôåêìçñßùóçò óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
	      class="directory">/usr/doc</filename> ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï
	    <application>CVSup</application>.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Ðùò íá áíáäçìéïõñãÞóåôå ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ôïõ &os; áðü ôïí
	    ðçãáßï ôçò êþäéêá, êáé íá ôçí åãêáôáóôÞóåôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	    <filename class="directory">/usr/share/doc/</filename>.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="installing-documentation-toolchain">
      <title>Åãêáèéóôþíôáò ôï CVSup êáé ôç ÓåéñÜ Åñãáëåßùí ôçò
	Ôåêìçñßùóçò</title>

      <para>Ç áíáäçìéïõñãßá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os; áðü ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá,
	áðáéôåß ìéá ó÷åôéêÜ ìåãÜëç óõëëïãÞ åñãáëåßùí.  Ôá åñãáëåßá áõôÜ äåí
	åßíáé ìÝñïò ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò ôïõ &os;, êáèþò ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé áñêåôü
	÷þñï óôï äßóêï êáé äåí åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìá óå üëïõò ôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò.
	Åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìá ìüíï óôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò ðïõ áó÷ïëïýíôáé ìå ôç óõããñáöÞ íÝáò
	ôåêìçñßùóçò ãéá ôï &os;, Þ ðïõ åíçìåñþíïõí óõ÷íÜ ôçí ôïðéêÞ ôïõò
	ôåêìçñßùóç ìÝóù ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá.</para>

      <para>¼ëá ôá áðáéôïýìåíá åñãáëåßá äéáôßèåíôáé ìÝóù ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí
	Ports.  Ôï <filename
	  role="package">textproc/docproj</filename> åßíáé ôï êýñéï port ôï
	ïðïßï Ý÷åé áíáðôõ÷èåß áðü ôçí ÏìÜäá Ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os;, ãéá íá
	âïçèÞóåé óôçí áñ÷éêÞ åãêáôÜóôáóç êáé ôéò ìåëëïíôéêÝò áíáâáèìßóåéò
	áõôþí ôùí åñãáëåßùí.</para>

      <note>
	<para>Áí äåí áðáéôåßôáé ç äçìéïõñãßá ôåêìçñßùóçò óå ìïñöÝò
	  &postscript; Þ PDF, ìðïñåßôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï port <filename
	    role="package">textproc/docproj-nojadetex</filename>.  ÁõôÞ ç
	  Ýêäïóç ôùí åñãáëåßùí ðåñéÝ÷åé ôá ðÜíôá åêôüò áðü ôçí ìç÷áíÞ
	  óôïé÷åéïèåóßáò <application>teTeX</application>.
	  Ôï <application>teTeX</application> åßíáé ìéá áñêåôÜ ìåãÜëç óõëëïãÞ
	  åñãáëåßùí, êáé äåí Ý÷åé íüçìá íá ôï åãêáôáóôÞóåôå áí äåí óáò
	  åßíáé áðáñáßôçôç ç ðáñáãùãÞ ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò óå ìïñöÞ
	  PDF.</para>
      </note>

      <para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç êáé ÷ñÞóç
	ôïõ <application>CVSup</application>, äåßôå ôçí åíüôçôá <link
	  linkend="cvsup">×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï CVSup</link>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="updating-documentation-sources">
      <title>Åíçìåñþíïíôáò ôïí Ðçãáßï Êþäéêá ôçò Ôåêìçñßùóçò</title>

      <para>Ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá <application>CVSup</application> ìðïñåß íá
	êáôåâÜóåé Ýíá êáèáñü áíôßãñáöï ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò,
	÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï
	<filename>/usr/share/examples/cvsup/doc-supfile</filename>
	ùò ðñüôõðï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí.  Ï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíïò õðïëïãéóôÞò åíçìåñþóåùí
	óôï ðáñáðÜíù áñ÷åßï åßíáé ñõèìéóìÝíïò óå ðëáóìáôéêÞ ôéìÞ.  Ùóôüóï,
	ç &man.cvsup.1; äÝ÷åôáé üíïìá õðïëïãéóôÞ ìÝóù ôçò ãñáììÞò åíôïëþí,
	Ýôóé ìðïñåßôå íá áíáêôÞóåôå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ìÝóù
	êÜðïéïõ åîõðçñåôçôÞ <application>CVSup</application> ãñÜöïíôáò:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cvsup -h <replaceable>cvsup.FreeBSD.org</replaceable> -g -L 2 <filename>/usr/share/examples/cvsup/doc-supfile</filename></userinput></screen>

      <para>ÁëëÜîôå ôï <replaceable>cvsup.FreeBSD.org</replaceable> ìå ôïí
	êïíôéíüôåñï óáò åîõðçñåôçôÞ <application>CVSup</application>.  Äåßôå
	ôï <xref linkend="cvsup-mirrors"/> ãéá ìéá ðëÞñç ëßóôá ôùí mirror
	sites.</para>

      <para>Ôï áñ÷éêü êáôÝâáóìá ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ìðïñåß
	íá äéáñêÝóåé áñêåôÞ þñá.  ÁöÞóôå ôï íá åêôåëåßôáé ìÝ÷ñé íá
	ïëïêëçñùèåß.</para>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá óõíå÷ßóåôå íá åíçìåñþíåôå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôçò
	ôåêìçñßùóçò ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí ßäéá åíôïëÞ.  Ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá
	<application>CVSup</application> êáôåâÜæåé êáé áíôéãñÜöåé ìüíï ôéò
	åíçìåñþóåéò óå ó÷Ýóç ìå ôçí ôåëåõôáßá åêôÝëåóç ôïõ, Ýôóé êÜèå åêôÝëåóç
	ôïõ <application>CVSup</application> ìåôÜ ôçí ðñþôç èá ðñÝðåé íá
	åßíáé áñêåôÜ ãñÞãïñç.</para>

      <para>ÌåôÜ ôçí áñ÷éêÞ áíÜêôçóç ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, Ýíáò åíáëëáêôéêüò
	ôñüðïò åíçìÝñùóçò ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò åßíáé ìÝóù ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ
	<filename>Makefile</filename> óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
	  class="directory">/usr/doc</filename>.  ÈÝôïíôáò ôéò ìåôáâëçôÝò
	<makevar>SUP_UPDATE</makevar>, <makevar>SUPHOST</makevar> êáé
	<makevar>DOCSUPFILE</makevar> óôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>, ìðïñåßôå íá åêôåëÝóåôå:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/doc</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make update</userinput></screen>

      <para>ÔõðéêÝò ôéìÝò ãéá ôéò ðáñáðÜíù åðéëïãÝò ôïõ &man.make.1; óôï
	áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> åßíáé:</para>

      <programlisting>SUP_UPDATE= yes
SUPHOST?= cvsup.freebsd.org
DOCSUPFILE?= /usr/share/examples/cvsup/doc-supfile</programlisting>

      <note>
	<para>Áí èÝóåôå ôéò ôéìÝò ôùí <makevar>SUPHOST</makevar> êáé
	  <makevar>DOCSUPFILE</makevar> óå <literal>?=</literal>, èá ìðïñåßôå
	  íá ïñßóåôå Üëëåò ôéìÝò ãéá áõôÝò óôç ãñáììÞ åíôïëÞò ôïõ make.
	  Áõôüò åßíáé êáé ï óõíéóôþìåíïò ôñüðïò íá ðñïóèÝóåôå åðéëïãÝò óôï
	  <filename>make.conf</filename>, þóôå íá áðïöåýãåôå íá ôñïðïðïéåßôå
	  óõíÝ÷åéá ôï áñ÷åßï êÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ èÝëåôå íá äïêéìÜóåôå ìéá íÝá ôéìÞ
	  óå ìéá åðéëïãÞ.</para>
      </note>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="updating-documentation-options">
      <title>ÐñïóáñìïãÞ Åðéëïãþí óôïí Ðçãáßï Êþäéêá ôçò Ôåêìçñßùóçò</title>

      <para>Ôï óýóôçìá åíçìÝñùóçò êáé ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os;,
	õðïóôçñßæåé ìåñéêÝò åðéëïãÝò ðïõ äéåõêïëýíïõí ôç äéáäéêáóßá
	åíçìÝñùóçò åíüò ìüíï ìÝñïõò ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò, Þ ôçí ìåôáãëþôôéóç
	ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò êÜðïéùí óõãêåêñéìÝíùí ìåôáöñÜóåùí.  Áí èÝëåôå ïé
	åðéëïãÝò áõôÝò íá éó÷ýïõí ìüíéìá, ìðïñåßôå íá ôéò ïñßóåôå ìÝóá óôï
	áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>, äéáöïñåôéêÜ ìðïñåßôå íá
	ôéò ïñßæåôå êÜèå öïñÜ óôç ãñáììÞ åíôïëÞò ôçò &man.make.1;.</para>

      <para>ÊÜðïéåò áðü ôéò åðéëïãÝò áõôÝò öáßíïíôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <variablelist>
	<varlistentry>
	  <term><makevar>DOC_LANG</makevar></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Ëßóôá ôùí ãëùóóþí êáé êùäéêïðïéÞóåùí ðïõ èá ìåôáãëùôôéóôïýí
	      êáé èá åãêáôáóôáèïýí, ð.÷. <literal>en_US.ISO8859-1</literal>
	      áí åßíáé åðéèõìçôÞ ìüíï ç ÁããëéêÞ ôåêìçñßùóç.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><makevar>FORMATS</makevar></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Ç ìïñöÞ (Þ ìéá ëßóôá áðü ìïñöÝò) óôçí ïðïßá èá ðáñá÷èåß ç
	      ìåôáãëùôôéóìÝíç ôåêìçñßùóç.  Ôç äåäïìÝíç óôéãìÞ õðïóôçñßæïíôáé
	      ïé ìïñöÝò <literal>html</literal>,
	      <literal>html-split</literal>, <literal>txt</literal>,
	      <literal>ps</literal>, <literal>pdf</literal> êáé
	      <literal>rtf</literal>.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><makevar>SUPHOST</makevar></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Ôï üíïìá ôïõ åîõðçñåôçôÞ <application>CVSup</application>
	      ðïõ èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß êáôÜ ôçí åíçìÝñùóç.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><makevar>DOCDIR</makevar></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Ï êáôÜëïãïò óôïí ïðïßï èá åãêáôáóôáèåß ç ôåêìçñßùóç.  Áðü
	      ðñïåðéëïãÞ åßíáé ï <filename
		class="directory">/usr/share/doc</filename>.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>
      </variablelist>

      <para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôéò ìåôáâëçôÝò ôïõ make
	ðïõ õðïóôçñßæïíôáé ùò åðéëïãÝò óõóôÞìáôïò óôï &os;, äåßôå ôçí óåëßäá
	manual ôïõ &man.make.conf.5;.</para>

      <para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò êáé ìåôáâëçôÝò make ðïõ
	õðïóôçñßæïíôáé áðü ôï óýóôçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os;,
	ðáñáêáëïýìå äåßôå ôéò <ulink
	  url="&url.doc.langbase.en;/books/fdp-primer">Ïäçãßåò ôçò ÏìÜäáò
	  Ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os; ãéá ÍÝïõò Óõããñáöåßò</ulink>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="updating-installed-documentation">
      <title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò Ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ FreeBSD áðü ôïí Ðçãáßï
	Êþäéêá</title>

      <para>¸÷ïíôáò åíçìåñþóåé ôï ôïðéêü áíôßãñáöï ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôçò
	ôåêìçñßùóçò óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
	  class="directory">/usr/doc</filename>, åßìáóôå Ýôïéìïé ãéá ôçí
	åíçìÝñùóç ôçò åãêáôåóôçìÝíçò ôåêìçñßùóçò.</para>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ðñï÷ùñÞóåôå óå ðëÞñç åíçìÝñùóç üëùí ôùí ãëùóóþí ðïõ
	ïñßæïíôáé óôçí åðéëïãÞ <makevar>DOC_LANG</makevar> ôïõ Makefile,
	ãñÜöïíôáò:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/doc</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>

      <para>Áí Ý÷åôå ñõèìßóåé ôï <filename>make.conf</filename> ìå ôéò óùóôÝò
	ôéìÝò ãéá ôéò åðéëïãÝò <makevar>DOCSUPFILE</makevar>,
	<makevar>SUPHOST</makevar> êáé <makevar>SUP_UPDATE</makevar>, ìðïñåßôå
	íá óõíäõÜóåôå ôá âÞìáôá åíçìÝñùóçò êáé åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôïõ ðçãáßïõ
	êþäéêá óå Ýíá, ãñÜöïíôáò:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/doc</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make update install clean</userinput></screen>

      <para>Áí åðéèõìåßôå ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ìéáò ìüíï óõãêåêñéìÝíçò ãëþóóáò,
	ìðïñåßôå íá êáëÝóåôå ôçí &man.make.1; óå Ýíá óõãêåêñéìÝíï
	õðïêáôÜëïãï ôïõ <filename class="directory">/usr/doc</filename>,
	ð.÷.:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make update install clean</userinput></screen>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá êáèïñßóåôå ôç ìïñöÞ ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ðïõ èá
	åãêáôáóôáèåß, ñõèìßæïíôáò ôç ìåôáâëçôÞ <makevar>FORMATS</makevar> ôïõ
	make, ð.÷.:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/doc</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make FORMATS='html html-split' install clean</userinput></screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="doc-ports">
      <sect2info>
	<authorgroup>
	  <author>
	    <firstname>Marc</firstname>
	    <surname>Fonvieille</surname>
	    <contrib>ÂáóéóìÝíï óå åñãáóßá ôïõ </contrib>
	  </author>
	</authorgroup>
      </sect2info>

      <title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôá Ports ôçò Ôåêìçñßùóçò</title>

      <indexterm><primary>Updating and Upgrading</primary></indexterm>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>documentation package</primary>
	<see>Updating and Upgrading</see>
      </indexterm>

      <para>Óôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç åíüôçôá, ðáñïõóéÜóáìå ìéá ìÝèïäï ãéá ôçí
	åíçìÝñùóç ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os; ìÝóù ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá.
	Ùóôüóï, ïé åíçìåñþóåéò ðïõ âáóßæïíôáé óôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ìðïñåß íá
	ìçí åßíáé äõíáôÝò Þ ðñáêôéêÝò ãéá êÜèå óýóôçìá &os;.  Ç äéáäéêáóßá
	ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò áðáéôåß ó÷åôéêÜ
	ìåãÜëï áñéèìü åñãáëåßùí êáé âïçèçôéêþí ðñïãñáììÜôùí, ãíùóôÜ ùò
	<emphasis>åñãáëåßá ôåêìçñßùóçò</emphasis>.  Áðáéôåß åðßóçò êáé ìéá
	ó÷åôéêÞ åîïéêåßùóç ìå ôï <application>CVS</application> êáé ôç
	äéáäéêáóßá áíÜêôçóçò ôùí áñ÷åßùí áðü áõôü, êáèþò êáé ìéá óåéñÜ
	áðü âÞìáôá ãéá ôç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ êþäéêá.  Óôçí åíüôçôá áõôÞ
	ðåñéãñÜöïõìå Ýíá åíáëëáêôéêü ôñüðï åíçìÝñùóçò ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ðïõ
	åãêáèßóôáôáé ìáæß ìå ôï &os;.  Ç ìÝèïäïò áõôÞ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôçí
	ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports êáé äßíåé ôéò ðáñáêÜôù äõíáôüôçôåò:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>ÊáôÝâáóìá êáé åãêáôÜóôáóç ðñï-ìåôáãëùôôéóìÝíùí óôéãìéüôõðùí
	    ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò, ÷ùñßò íá áðáéôåßôáé êáìéÜ ôïðéêÞ ìåôáãëþôôéóç
	    (åîáëåßöïíôáò Ýôóé êáé ôçí áíÜãêç åãêáôÜóôáóçò üëùí ôùí åñãáëåßùí
	    ôåêìçñßùóçò).</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÊáôÝâáóìá ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò êáé
	    ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ ìÝóù ôùí äõíáôïôÞôùí ðïõ ðáñÝ÷ïõí ôá åñãáëåßá
	    ôùí ports (áðëïðïéþíôáò ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï ôç ÷åéñïêßíçôç
	    äéáäéêáóßá áíÜêôçóçò êáé ìåôáãëþôôéóçò).</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>ÁõôÝò ïé äýï ìÝèïäïé åíçìÝñùóçò ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os;
	õðïóôçñßæïíôáé áðü ìéá óåéñÜ áðü
	<emphasis>ports ôåêìçñßùóçò</emphasis> ôá ïðïßá åíçìåñþíïíôáé êÜèå
	ìÞíá áðü ôçí &a.doceng;.  Óôç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports, èá ôá âñåßôå êÜôù
	áðü ôçí êáôçãïñßá <ulink
	  url="http://www.freshports.org/docs/">docs</ulink>.</para>

      <sect3 id="doc-ports-install-make">
	<title>Ìåôáãëþôôéóç êáé ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôùí Ports ôçò Ôåêìçñßùóçò</title>

	<para>Ôá ports ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôéò äõíáôüôçôåò
	  ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ðïõ ðáñÝ÷åé ôï óýóôçìá ôùí ports þóôå íá äéåõêïëýíïõí
	  ôç äéáäéêáóßá äçìéïõñãßáò ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò.  Ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï
	  ç áíÜêôçóç ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ãßíåôáé áõôüìáôá ìå
	  ôçí åêôÝëåóç ôçò &man.make.1; êáé ôéò êáôÜëëçëåò ñõèìßóåéò óôï
	  ðåñéâÜëëïí.  Ç åãêáôÜóôáóç êáé áðåãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò
	  åßíáé ôï ßäéï åýêïëç ìå ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ïðïéïõäÞðïôå Üëëïõ port
	  Þ ðáêÝôïõ óôï &os;.</para>

	<note>
	  <para>Óå ðåñßðôùóç ôïðéêÞò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ôùí ports ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò,
	    áðáéôåßôáé êáé ç åãêáôÜóôáóç ôùí
	    <emphasis>åñãáëåßùí ôåêìçñßùóçò</emphasis>.  Ôá åñãáëåßá áõôÜ
	    ùóôüóï èá åãêáôáóôáèïýí áõôüìáôá.</para>
	</note>

	<para>Ç ïñãÜíùóç ôùí ports ôåêìçñßùóçò öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	<itemizedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÕðÜñ÷åé Ýíá êåíôñéêü <quote>master port</quote>, ôï
	      <filename role="package">misc/freebsd-doc-en</filename> ôï
	      ïðïßï äéáèÝôåé ôá áðáñáßôçôá áñ÷åßá êáé áðïôåëåß ôçí
	      âÜóç üëùí ôùí Üëëùí ports ôåêìçñßùóçò.  Áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ, ôï
	      port áõôü ìåôáãëùôôßæåé ìüíï ôçí ÁããëéêÞ ôåêìçñßùóç.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÕðÜñ÷åé Ýíá port <quote>üëá óå Ýíá</quote>, ôï
	      <filename role="package">misc/freebsd-doc-all</filename> ôï
	      ïðïßï ìåôáãëùôôßæåé êáé åãêáèéóôÜ üëç ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç óå üëåò ôéò
	      äéáèÝóéìåò ãëþóóåò.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÔÝëïò, õðÜñ÷åé Ýíá <quote>åîáñôþìåíï port</quote> ãéá êÜèå
	      ìåôÜöñáóç, ð.÷.: <filename
		role="package">misc/freebsd-doc-el</filename> ãéá ôçí
	      ÅëëçíéêÞ ôåêìçñßùóç.  ¼ëá áõôÜ ôá ports åîáñôþíôáé áðü ôï
	      master port êáé åãêáèéóôïýí ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ðïõ Ý÷åé ìåôáöñáóôåß
	      óôçí áíôßóôïé÷ç ãëþóóá.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</itemizedlist>

	<para>Ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå Ýíá port ôåêìçñßùóçò áðü ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá,
	  åêôåëÝóôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò
	  (ùò <username>root</username>):</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/misc/freebsd-doc-en</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>

	<para>Ôï ðáñáðÜíù èá ìåôáãëùôôßóåé êáé èá åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôçí ÁããëéêÞ
	  ôåêìçñßùóç óå ìïñöÞ ôìçìáôéêþí <acronym>HTML</acronym> êåéìÝíùí
	  (üðùò ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé êáé óôï <ulink
	    url="http://www.FreeBSD.org"></ulink>), óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
	    class="directory">/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd</filename>.</para>

	<sect4 id="doc-ports-options">
	  <title>ÓõíçèéóìÝíåò ÅðéëïãÝò êáé ÐáñÜìåôñïé Ìåôáãëþôôéóçò</title>

	  <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áñêåôÝò åðéëïãÝò ãéá ôçí
	    ôñïðïðïßçóç ôçò ðñïåðéëåãìÝíçò óõìðåñéöïñÜò ôùí ports ôåêìçñßùóçò.
	    ÐáñáêÜôù äåß÷íïõìå ìåñéêÝò ìüíï áðü áõôÝò:</para>

	  <variablelist>
	    <varlistentry>
	      <term><makevar>WITH_HTML</makevar></term>

	      <listitem>
		<para>ÅðéôñÝðåé ôç äçìéïõñãßá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò óå ìïñöÞ HTML.
		  Èá äçìéïõñãçèåß Ýíá áñ÷åßï HTML ãéá êÜèå êåßìåíï.
		  Ç ìïñöïðïéçìÝíç ôåêìçñßùóç èá áðïèçêåõèåß, áíÜëïãá ìå ôçí
		  ðåñßðôùóç, óå Ýíá áñ÷åßï ìå üíïìá
		  <filename>article.html</filename> Þ
		  <filename>book.html</filename>.  Èá ãßíåé åðßóçò êáé
		  áðïèÞêåõóç ôùí áíôßóôïé÷ùí åéêüíùí.</para>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry>
	      <term><makevar>WITH_PDF</makevar></term>

	      <listitem>
		<para>ÅðéôñÝðåé ôç äçìéïõñãßá åããñÜöïõ óå ìïñöÞ &adobe;
		  Portable Document Format (PDF) ãéá ÷ñÞóç ìå ôïí &adobe;
		  &acrobat.reader;, ôï <application>Ghostscript</application>,
		  Þ Üëëá ðñïãñÜììáôá ðñïâïëÞò åããñÜöùí PDF.  Ç ìïñöïðïéçìÝíç
		  ôåêìçñßùóç èá áðïèçêåõèåß, áíÜëïãá ìå ôçí ðåñßðôùóç, óå Ýíá
		  áñ÷åßï <filename>article.pdf</filename> Þ
		  <filename>book.pdf</filename>.</para>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry>
	      <term><makevar>DOCBASE</makevar></term>

	      <listitem>
		<para>Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ôçí èÝóç óôçí ïðïßá èá åãêáôáóôáèåß ç
		  ôåêìçñßùóç.  Áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ, åßíáé ï êáôÜëïãïò <filename
		    class="directory">/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd</filename>.</para>

		<note>
		  <para>ÐáñáôçñÞóôå üôé ï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíïò êáôÜëïãïò äéáöÝñåé
		    áðü áõôüí ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óôç ìÝèïäï
		    <application>CVSup</application>.  Áõôü óõìâáßíåé åðåéäÞ
		    ãßíåôáé åãêáôÜóôáóç port, ôá ïðïßá áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ
		    ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
		      class="directory">/usr/local</filename>.  Ìðïñåßôå
		    íá ðáñáêÜìøåôå áõôÞ ôçí ðñïåðéëïãÞ, áëëÜæïíôáò ôçí ôéìÞ
		    ôçò ìåôáâëçôÞò <makevar>PREFIX</makevar>.</para>
		</note>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>
	  </variablelist>

	  <para>ÐáñáêÜôù èá âñåßôå Ýíá óýíôïìï ðáñÜäåéãìá ó÷åôéêü ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç
	    ôùí ìåôáâëçôþí ãéá ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò ÁããëéêÞò ôåêìçñßùóçò óå
	    ìïñöÞ PDF:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/misc/freebsd-doc-en
&prompt.root; make -DWITH_PDF DOCBASE=share/doc/freebsd/en install clean</screen>
	</sect4>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="doc-ports-install-package">
	<title>×ñÞóç ¸ôïéìùí ÐáêÝôùí Ôåêìçñßùóçò</title>

	<para>Ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôùí ports ôåêìçñßùóçò áðü ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá
	  (üðùò åßäáìå óôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç åíüôçôá), áðáéôåß ôïðéêÞ åãêáôÜóôáóç
	  ôùí áíôßóôïé÷ùí åñãáëåßùí ôåêìçñßùóçò êáé åðÜñêåéá ÷þñïõ óôï äßóêï
	  ãéá ôçí äéáäéêáóßá.  ¼ôáí äåí äéáôßèåíôáé ïé áðáñáßôçôïé ðüñïé ãéá
	  ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôùí åñãáëåßùí ôåêìçñßùóçò (Þ åðåéäÞ ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç
	  áðü ôá ports èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýóå ðïëý ÷þñï), ç åãêáôÜóôáóç ìðïñåß
	  íá ãßíåé ìÝóù Ýôïéìùí ðáêÝôùí ôåêìçñßùóçò.</para>

	<para>H &a.doceng; ðñïåôïéìÜæåé ìçíéáßá óôéãìéüôõðá ðáêÝôùí
	  ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os;.  Ôá Ýôïéìá áõôÜ ðáêÝôá ìðïñïýí íá
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí ìå ôçí âïÞèåéá ïðïéïõäÞðïôå åñãáëåßïõ äéá÷åßñéóçò
	  ðáêÝôùí ðïõ äéáôßèåôáé ìå ôï &os;, üðùò ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá ôá
	  &man.pkg.add.1;, &man.pkg.delete.1; ê.ë.ð.</para>

	<note>
	  <para>¼ôáí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå Ýôïéìá ðáêÝôá, ç åãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò
	    ôåêìçñßùóçò ôçò åðéëåãìÝíçò ãëþóóáò èá ãßíåôáé óå üëåò ôéò
	    äéáèÝóéìåò ìïñöÝò.</para>
	</note>

	<para>Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ç ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ èá åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôçí ôåëåõôáßá
	  Ýêäïóç ôïõ Ýôïéìïõ ðáêÝôïõ ôçò ÅëëçíéêÞò ôåêìçñßùóçò:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r el-freebsd-doc</userinput></screen>

	<note>
	  <para>Ôá ðáêÝôá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôç ìïñöÞ
	    <literal><replaceable>lang</replaceable>-freebsd-doc</literal> óôï
	    üíïìá ôïõò, ç ïðïßá äéáöÝñåé áðü ôçí áíôßóôïé÷ç ìïñöÞ ôïõ port.
	    Ôï <replaceable>lang</replaceable> åßíáé ç óýíôïìç ìïñöÞ ôçò
	    ãëþóóáò, ð.÷. <literal>el</literal> ãéá ÅëëçíéêÜ Þ
	    <literal>zh_cn</literal> ãéá ÁðëïðïéçìÝíá ÊéíÝæéêá.</para>
	</note>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="doc-ports-update">
	<title>Åíçìåñþíïíôáò ôá Ports ôçò Ôåêìçñßùóçò</title>

	<para>Ãéá íá åíçìåñþóåôå Ýíá Þäç åãêáôåóôçìÝíï port ôåêìçñßùóçò,
	  ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ïðïéïäÞðïôå åñãáëåßï áíáâÜèìéóçò ports.
	  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ç ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ åíçìåñþíåé ôçí åãêáôåóôçìÝíç
	  ÅëëçíéêÞ ôåêìçñßùóç ìÝóù ôïõ åñãáëåßïõ <filename
	    role="package">ports-mgmt/portupgrade</filename> ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç ìüíï
	  Ýôïéìùí ðáêÝôùí:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portupgrade -PP el-freebsd-doc</userinput></screen>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

<!-- XXX
    <sect2 id="docsnap">
      <sect2info>
	<authorgroup>
	  <author>
	    <firstname>Pav</firstname>
	    <surname>Lucistnik</surname>
	    <contrib>ÂáóéóìÝíï óå ðëçñïöïñßåò ðïõ ðáñåß÷å ï </contrib>
	  </author>
	</authorgroup>
      </sect2info>

      <title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï Docsnap</title>

      <indexterm><primary>Updating and Upgrading</primary></indexterm>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>Docsnap</primary>
	<see>Updating and Upgrading</see>
      </indexterm>

      <para>Ôï <application>Docsnap</application> åßíáé Ýíá áðïèåôÞñéï
	(repository) &man.rsync.1; ãéá ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ôçò åãêáôåóôçìÝíçò
	ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os; ìÝóù åíüò ó÷åôéêÜ åýêïëïõ êáé ãñÞãïñïõ
	ôñüðïõ.  ¸íáò
	<quote>åîõðçñåôçôÞò <application>Docsnap</application></quote>
	áíáêôÜ ôïí åíçìåñùìÝíï ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò êáé ôïí
	ìåôáãëùôôßæåé óå ìïñöÞ HTML êÜèå ìéá þñá.  Äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá
	åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï <filename role="package">textproc/docproj</filename>
	ìå ôï <application>Docsnap</application>, êáèþò óáò ðáñÝ÷åé
	Ýôïéìåò äéïñèþóåéò ãéá ôçí Þäç åãêáôåóôçìÝíç ôåêìçñßùóç.</para>

      <para>Ç ìüíç áðáßôçóç ãéá ôçí ðáñáðÜíù ôå÷íéêÞ, åßíáé íá Ý÷åôå
	åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôï ðáêÝôï Þ port <filename
	  role="package">net/rsync</filename>.  Ãéá íá ôï ðñïóèÝóåôå,
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r rsync</userinput></screen>

      <note>
	<para>Ôï <application>Docsnap</application> áíáðôý÷èçêå áñ÷éêÜ ãéá
	  ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ðïõ Ý÷åé åãêáôáóôáèåß óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	  <filename class="directory">/usr/share/doc</filename>, áëëÜ ôá
	  ðáñáêÜôù ðáñáäåßãìáôá ìðïñïýí íá ðñïóáñìïóôïýí êáé ãéá Üëëïõò
	  êáôáëüãïõò.  Ãéá êáôáëüãïõò ÷ñçóôþí, ïé åíôïëÝò äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá
	  åêôåëåóôïýí ìå ðñïíüìéá <username>root</username>.</para>
      </note>

      <para>Ãéá ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù
	åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rsync -rltvz <replaceable>docsnap.sk.FreeBSD.org</replaceable>::docsnap <replaceable>/usr/share/doc</replaceable></userinput></screen>

      <note>
	<para>ÕðÜñ÷åé ìüíï Ýíáò åîõðçñåôçôÞò
	  <application>Docsnap</application> ôç äåäïìÝíç óôéãìÞ:
	  ï åîõðçñåôçôÞò <hostid>docsnap.sk.FreeBSD.org</hostid> ðïõ öáßíåôáé
	  ðáñáðÜíù.</para>
      </note>

      <para>Ìçí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>&dash;&dash;delete</option>, êáèþò
	ç <command>make installworld</command> åãêáèéóôÜ êÜðïéá ðñÜãìáôá óôïí
	êáôÜëïãï <filename class="directory">/usr/share/doc</filename> ôá
	ïðïßá èá óâçóôïýí.  Ãéá íá êáèáñßóåôå ôá ðáëéÜ áñ÷åßá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå
	ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rsync -rltvz &dash;&dash;delete <replaceable>docsnap.sk.FreeBSD.org</replaceable>::docsnap/??_??\.\* <replaceable>/usr/share/doc</replaceable></userinput></screen>

      <para>Áí åðéèõìåßôå íá åíçìåñþóåôå Ýíá õðïóýíïëï ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò, ãéá
	ðáñÜäåéãìá ìüíï ôçí ÁããëéêÞ ôåêìçñßùóç, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
	ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rsync -rltvz <replaceable>docsnap.sk.FreeBSD.org</replaceable>::docsnap/en_US.ISO8859-1 <replaceable>/usr/share/doc</replaceable></userinput></screen>
    </sect2>
-->
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="current-stable">
    <title>Ðáñáêïëïýèçóç Åíüò ÊëÜäïõ ÁíÜðôõîçò</title>
    <indexterm><primary>-CURRENT</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm><primary>-STABLE</primary></indexterm>

    <para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äýï êëÜäïé áíÜðôõîçò óôï &os;, ôï &os.current; êáé ôï
      &os.stable;.  Óôçí åíüôçôá áõôÞ, èá åîçãÞóïõìå êÜðïéá ðñÜãìáôá ó÷åôéêÜ
      ìå áõôïýò ôïõò êëÜäïõò, êáé èá ðåñéãñÜøïõìå ðùò ìðïñåßôå íá äéáôçñÞóåôå
      ôï óýóôçìá óáò åíçìåñùìÝíï óå êÜðïéïí áðü áõôïýò.  Èá ìéëÞóïõìå áñ÷éêÜ
      ãéá ôï &os.current; êáé Ýðåéôá ãéá ôï &os.stable;.</para>

    <sect2 id="current">
      <title>Ðáñáêïëïõèþíôáò ôï &os.current;</title>

      <para>Êáèþò äéáâÜæåôå áõôü ôï êåßìåíï, íá Ý÷åôå õðüøéí óáò üôé ôï
	&os.current; åßíáé ðñÜãìáôé ç <quote>êüøç ôïõ îõñáöéïý</quote> óôçí
	áíÜðôõîç ôïõ &os;.  Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ôïõ &os.current; áíáìÝíåôáé íá Ý÷ïõí
	áõîçìÝíåò ôå÷íéêÝò ãíþóåéò, êáé íá åßíáé éêáíïß íá åðéëýïõí äýóêïëá
	ðñïâëÞìáôá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò ôïõò, ÷ùñßò âïÞèåéá.  Áí åßóôå êáéíïýñéïò
	óôï &os;, ìÜëëïí èá ðñÝðåé íá ôï îáíáóêåöôåßôå ðñéí ôï
	åãêáôáóôÞóåôå.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>Ôé Åßíáé ôï &os.current;;</title>
	<indexterm><primary>snapshot</primary></indexterm>

	<para>Ôï &os.current; áðïôåëåßôáé áðü ôïí ðëÝïí ðñüóöáôï ëåéôïõñãéêü
	  ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôïõ &os;.  ÐåñéëáìâÜíåé áëëáãÝò ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé óå
	  åîÝëéîç, ðåéñáìáôéêÝò áëëáãÝò, êáé ìç÷áíéóìïýò ìåôÜâáóçò ïé ïðïßïé
	  äåí åßíáé óßãïõñï üôé èá ðåñéëáìâÜíïíôáé óôçí åðüìåíç åðßóçìç
	  Ýêäïóç ôïõ ëïãéóìéêïý.  Áí êáé ðïëëÜ ìÝëç ôçò ïìÜäáò áíÜðôõîçò ôïõ
	  &os; ìåôáãëùôôßæïõí êáèçìåñéíÜ ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôïõ &os.current;,
	  õðÜñ÷ïõí ÷ñïíéêÝò ðåñßïäïé ðïõ ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ åßíáé áäýíáôç.
	  Ôá ðñïâëÞìáôá áõôÜ ãåíéêÜ åðéëýïíôáé üóï ðéï ãñÞãïñá ãßíåôáé, áëëÜ
	  ôï áí ôï &os.current; èá óáò öÝñåé ôçí êáôáóôñïöÞ Þ êÜðïéï
	  ðïëõðüèçôï ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêü, åßíáé ðåñéóóüôåñï èÝìá ôçò ÷ñïíéêÞò
	  óôéãìÞò ðïõ èá åðéëÝîåôå íá áíáêôÞóåôå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá!</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>Ðïéïò ×ñåéÜæåôáé ôï &os.current;;</title>

	<para>Ôï &os.current; äéáôßèåôáé êáé åíäéáöÝñåé êõñßùò ôéò ðáñáêÜôù
	  ôñåéò ïìÜäåò:</para>

	<orderedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÌÝëç ôçò êïéíüôçôáò ôïõ &os; ðïõ äïõëåýïõí åíåñãÜ óå êÜðïéï
	      ôìÞìá ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, êáé ãéá ôïõò ïðïßïõò ç ðáñáêïëïýèçóç
	      ôïõ &os.current; åßíáé áðüëõôá áðáñáßôçôç.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÌÝëç ôçò êïéíüôçôáò ôïõ &os; ðïõ åßíáé åíåñãïß testers
	      êáé åßíáé ðñüèõìïé íá áíáëþóïõí ôï ÷ñüíï ôïõò ãéá íá ëýóïõí
	      ðñïâëÞìáôá, þóôå íá åîáóöáëßóïõí üôé ôï &os.current;
	      èá ðáñáìåßíåé üóï ôï äõíáôüí ðéï óùóôü.  ÓõíÞèùò, ôá ìÝëç áõôÜ
	      êÜíïõí ðñïôÜóåéò ãéá ôïðéêÝò áëëáãÝò êáé ãéá ôçí ãåíéêÞ
	      êáôåýèõíóç ôïõ &os;, êáé óôÝëíïõí patches ãéá ôçí
	      ðñáãìáôïðïßçóç ôïõò.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Áõôïß ðïõ áðëþò èÝëïõí íá âëÝðïõí ôéò ôåëåõôáßåò
	      åíçìåñþóåéò, Þ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôïí ôåëåõôáßï ðçãáßï êþäéêá ùò
	      áíáöïñÜ (ð.÷. ãéá <emphasis>ìåëÝôç</emphasis> êáé ü÷é ãéá
	      åêôÝëåóç).  ÌÝëç áõôÞò ôçò ïìÜäáò ìðïñåß åðßóçò ðåñéóôáóéáêÜ íá
	      óõíåéóöÝñïõí ó÷üëéá Þ êþäéêá.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</orderedlist>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>Ôé <emphasis>Äåí</emphasis> Åßíáé ôï &os.current;;</title>

	<orderedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>Äåí åßíáé Ýíáò ãñÞãïñïò ôñüðïò íá ðÜñåôå êþäéêá ï
	      ïðïßïò äåí Ý÷åé êõêëïöïñÞóåé áêüìá óå êÜðïéá Ýêäïóç, ìå ôçí
	      åëðßäá üôé ðåñéÝ÷åé êÜðïéá íÝá åêðëçêôéêÞ äõíáôüôçôá êáé
	      èÝëåôå íá åßóôå ï ðñþôïò ðïõ ôç ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß.  Áí åßóôå
	      ðñÜãìáôé ï ðñþôïò ðïõ ôçí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß, èá åßóôå åðßóçò êáé ï
	      ðñþôïò ðïõ èá óõíáíôÞóåôå ôá íÝá ðñïâëÞìáôá êáé bugs.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Äåí åßíáé Ýíáò ãñÞãïñïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá áíáêôÞóåôå
	      äéïñèþóåéò ðñïâëçìÜôùí.  ÊÜèå íÝá Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os.current;
	      ìðïñåß íá åéóÜãåé ôüóá íÝá bugs üóá êáé áõôÜ ðïõ
	      äéïñèþíåé.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Ôï &os.current; äåí áðïôåëåß
	      <quote>åðßóçìá õðïóôçñéæüìåíï</quote> êþäéêá.  Áí êáé
	      êáôáâÜëëïõìå êÜèå äõíáôÞ ðñïóðÜèåéá íá âïçèÞóïõìå üóïõò
	      áíÞêïõí <quote>ðñáãìáôéêÜ</quote> óå êÜðïéá áðü ôéò ôñåéò
	      ïìÜäåò ðïõ áíáöÝñáìå, ùóôüóï <emphasis>äåí Ý÷ïõìå ôï
	      ÷ñüíï</emphasis> íá ðáñÝ÷ïõìå ôå÷íéêÞ õðïóôÞñéîç.  Áõôü äåí
	      óõìâáßíåé åðåéäÞ åßìáóôå êáêïÞèåéò êáé äýóêïëïé êáé äåí èÝëïõìå
	      íá âïçèÜìå ôïõò áíèñþðïõò (äåí èá åß÷áìå êáí äçìéïõñãÞóåé ôï
	      &os; áí óêåöôüìáóôáí Ýôóé).  Ðïëý áðëÜ, äåí ìðïñïýìå íá
	      áðáíôÜìå åêáôïíôÜäåò ìçíýìáôá ôçí çìÝñá êáé
	      <emphasis>ôáõôü÷ñïíá</emphasis> íá äïõëåýïõìå óôï &os;! Áí
	      äþóåôå óå ïðïéïäÞðïôå ìÝëïò ôçò ïìÜäáò áíÜðôõîçò ôçí åðéëïãÞ
	      íá áðáíôÜåé óå ðïëëÝò åñùôÞóåéò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ðåéñáìáôéêü êþäéêá
	      Þ íá äïõëåýåé ãéá ôç âåëôßùóç ôïõ &os;, èá åðéëÝîåé óßãïõñá ôï
	      äåýôåñï.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</orderedlist>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï &os.current;</title>

	<orderedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>Ãñáöôåßôå óôéò ëßóôåò &a.current.name; êáé
	      &a.svn-src-head.name;<indexterm><primary>-CURRENT</primary><secondary>using</secondary></indexterm>.  Äåí åßíáé áðëþò êáëÞ éäÝá, åßíáé
	      <emphasis>âáóéêü</emphasis> íá ôï êÜíåôå.  Áí äåí åßóôå
	      ãñáììÝíïò óôç ëßóôá <emphasis>&a.current.name;</emphasis>, äåí
	      èá âëÝðåôå ôá ó÷üëéá ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí ôñÝ÷ïõóá êáôÜóôáóç ôïõ
	      óõóôÞìáôïò áðü üóïõò ôï ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí, êáé Ýôóé ðéèáíþò èá
	      êáôáëÞîåôå íá áíôéìåôùðßæåôå ðïëëÜ ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ Üëëïé Ý÷ïõí
	      Þäç áíáêáëýøåé êáé ëýóåé.  Áêüìá ðéï óçìáíôéêü åßíáé üôé èá
	      ÷Üíåôå óçìáíôéêÝò áíáêïéíþóåéò, ïé ïðïßåò ìðïñåß íá åßíáé
	      êñßóéìåò ãéá ôçí äéáôÞñçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò óå õãéÞ
	      êáôÜóôáóç.</para>

	    <para>Ç ëßóôá &a.svn-src-head.name; èá óáò åðéôñÝøåé íá âëÝðåôå
	      ôéò êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò óôï commit log ãéá êÜèå áëëáãÞ ðïõ ãßíåôáé,
	      êáèþò êáé ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ðéèáíÝò ðáñåíÝñãåéåò ðïõ ìðïñåß íá
	      Ý÷åé.</para>

	    <para>Ãéá íá ãñáöôåßôå óå áõôÝò, Þ óå ïðïéåóäÞðïôå áðü ôéò
	      õðÜñ÷ïõóåò ëßóôåò, åðéóêåöèåßôå ôçí ôïðïèåóßá
	      &a.mailman.lists.link; êáé åðéëÝîôå ôç ëßóôá óôçí ïðïßá èÝëåôå
	      íá ãßíåôå óõíäñïìçôÞò.  Ïäçãßåò ãéá ôçí õðüëïéðç äéáäéêáóßá
	      èá âñåßôå åðéôüðïõ.  Áí óáò åíäéáöÝñåé íá ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå ôéò
	      áëëáãÝò óå üëï ôï äÝíôñï ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, óáò óõíéóôïýìå íá
	      åããñáöåßôå óôç ëßóôá &a.svn-src-all.name;.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÁíáêôÞóôå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá áðü Ýíá
	      <link linkend="mirrors">mirror site</link> ôïõ &os;.  Áõôü
	      ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé ìå äýï ôñüðïõò:</para>

	    <orderedlist>
	      <listitem>
		<para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï ðñüãñáììá <link
		    linkend="cvsup">cvsup</link><indexterm><primary><command>cvsup</command></primary></indexterm> óå óõíäõáóìü ìå ôï
		  <filename>supfile</filename> ìå ôçí ïíïìáóßá
		  <filename>standard-supfile</filename> ôï ïðïßï èá âñåßôå
		  óôïí êáôÜëïãï
		  <filename>/usr/share/examples/cvsup</filename>.
		  ÁõôÞ åßíáé êáé ç ðëÝïí óõíéóôþìåíç ìÝèïäïò, êáèþò óáò
		  åðéôñÝðåé íá áíáêôÞóåôå üëç ôç óõëëïãÞ ìå ìéá êßíçóç, êáé
		  óôéò åðüìåíåò áíáíåþóåéò èá ðáßñíåôå ìüíï ôéò áëëáãÝò.
		  Ðïëëïß ÷ñÞóôåò åêôåëïýí ôï <command>cvsup</command><indexterm><primary>-CURRENT</primary><secondary>Syncing with <application>CVSup</application></secondary></indexterm> ìÝóù
		  ôïõ <command>cron</command> þóôå íá êñáôÜíå ôïí ðçãáßï
		  êþäéêá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò ôïõò ðÜíôá áíáíåùìÝíï áõôüìáôá.  Èá
		  ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóáñìüóåôå ôï õðüäåéãìá ôïõ
		  <filename>supfile</filename> ðïõ äßíïõìå ðáñáðÜíù, êáé íá
		  ñõèìßóåôå ôï <link linkend="cvsup">cvsup</link> ãéá ôï
		  ðåñéâÜëëïí óáò.</para>

		<note>
		  <para>Ôï õðüäåéãìá ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ
		    <filename>standard-supfile</filename> ðñïïñßæåôáé ãéá
		    ÷ñÞóç ìå êÜðïéï óõãêåêñéìÝíï êëÜäï áóöÜëåéáò (security
		    branch) ôïõ &os;, êáé ü÷é ìå ôï &os.current;.  Èá ðñÝðåé
		    íá åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï êáé íá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå ôçí
		    ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ:</para>

		  <programlisting>*default release=cvs tag=RELENG_<replaceable>X</replaceable>_<replaceable>Y</replaceable></programlisting>

		  <para>ìå ôçí áêüëïõèç:</para>

		  <programlisting>*default release=cvs tag=.</programlisting>

		  <para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôá tags ðïõ
		    ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå, ðáñáêáëïýìå äéáâÜóôå óôï
		    Åã÷åéñßäéï ôçí åíüôçôá <link
		      linkend="cvs-tags">ÅôéêÝôåò (Tags) ãéá ôï CVS</link>.</para>
		</note>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
		<para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí õðçñåóßá <application><link
		  linkend="ctm">CTM</link></application><indexterm><primary>-CURRENT</primary><secondary>Syncing with CTM</secondary></indexterm>.  Áí Ý÷åôå ðïëý êáêÞ
		  óõíäåóéìüôçôá (õøçëü êüóôïò óýíäåóçò Þ ðñüóâáóç ìüíï ìÝóù
		  email) ôï <application>CTM</application> áðïôåëåß ãéá óáò
		  ìéá åíáëëáêôéêÞ ëýóç.  Ìðïñåß ùóôüóï íá óáò äçìéïõñãÞóåé
		  äéÜöïñá ðñïâëÞìáôá êáé íá êáôáëÞîåôå ìå ÷áëáóìÝíá áñ÷åßá.
		  Ãéá ôï ëüãï áõôü, ôï <application>CTM</application>
		  ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óðÜíéá, êÜôé ôï ïðïßï áõîÜíåé áêüìá
		  ðåñéóóüôåñï ôçí ðéèáíüôçôá íá ìç äïõëåýåé óùóôÜ ãéá ìåãÜëá
		  ÷ñïíéêÜ äéáóôÞìáôá.  Óáò óõíéóôïýìå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï
		  <application><link linkend="cvsup">CVSup</link></application>
		  áí äéáèÝôåôå modem 9600&nbsp;bps Þ ôá÷ýôåñï.</para>
	      </listitem>
	    </orderedlist>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Áí óêïðåýåôå íá áíáêôÞóåôå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ãéá êáíïíéêÞ
	      ÷ñÞóç (åêôÝëåóç) êáé ü÷é áðëþò ãéá íá ôïí äåßôå, ôüôå
	      áíáêôÞóôå <emphasis>ïëüêëçñï</emphasis> ôï &os.current; êáé ü÷é
	      êÜðïéá åðéëåãìÝíá ôìÞìáôá.  Óå äéáöïñåôéêÞ ðåñßðôùóç, åßíáé
	      áñêåôÜ ðéèáíü íá óõíáíôÞóåôå ðñïâëÞìáôá, êáèþò ðïëëÜ êïììÜôéá
	      ôïõ êþäéêá åîáñôþíôáé áðü áíáíåþóåéò óå Üëëá, êáé äåí ìðïñïýí
	      íá ìåôáãëùôôéóôïýí áõôüíïìá.</para>

	    <para>Ðñéí ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï &os.current;<indexterm><primary>-CURRENT</primary><secondary>compiling</secondary></indexterm>, äéáâÜóôå ðñïóåêôéêÜ ôï
	      <filename>Makefile</filename> óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	      <filename>/usr/src</filename>.  Èá ðñÝðåé íá <link
		linkend="makeworld">ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá êáé üëï ôï
		âáóéêü óýóôçìá (world)</link> ôçí ðñþôç öïñÜ, ùò ìÝñïò ôçò
	      äéáäéêáóßáò áíáâÜèìéóçò.  ÄéáâÜæïíôáò ôçí &a.current;
	      êáé ôï <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> èá åßóôå
	      åíçìåñùìÝíïé ãéá íÝåò äéáäéêáóßåò üóï áöïñÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç óôï íÝï
	      óáò óýóôçìá.  Ïé äéáäéêáóßåò áõôÝò åßíáé óõ÷íÜ áðáñáßôçôåò üóï
	      ðëçóéÜæïõìå óå ìéá íÝá åðßóçìç Ýêäïóç.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Ãßíåôå åíåñãü ìÝëïò! Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï &os.current;,
	      èÝëïõìå íá îÝñïõìå ôç ãíþìç óáò ãéá áõôü, åéäéêÜ áí Ý÷åôå
	      ðñïôÜóåéò ãéá âåëôéþóåéò Þ äéïñèþóåéò ëáèþí.  ÐñïôÜóåéò ðïõ
	      óõíïäåýïíôáé êáé áðü êþäéêá ãßíïíôáé äåêôÝò ìå
	      åíèïõóéáóìü!</para>
	  </listitem>
	</orderedlist>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="stable">
      <title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï &os;-STABLE</title>

      <sect3>
	<title>Ôé Åßíáé ôï &os.stable;;</title>
	<indexterm><primary>-STABLE</primary></indexterm>

	<para>Ôï &os.stable; åßíáé Ýíáò êëÜäïò áíÜðôõîçò áðü ôïí ïðïßï
	  ðñïêýðôïõí ïé <quote>ìåãÜëåò</quote> (major) åêäüóåéò.  Ïé áëëáãÝò
	  åéóÜãïíôáé óå áõôü ôïí êëÜäï ìå äéáöïñåôéêü ñõèìü, êáé ìå ôç ãåíéêÞ
	  ðáñáäï÷Þ üôé Ý÷ïõí ðñþôá ðåñÜóåé áðü ôï &os.current; ãéá äïêéìÞ.
	  Ùóôüóï, <emphasis>äåí ðáýåé</emphasis> íá åßíáé Ýíáò êëÜäïò
	  áíÜðôõîçò, êáé áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé ï êþäéêáò ôïõ &os.stable; ìðïñåß
	  ìéá äåäïìÝíç ÷ñïíéêÞ óôéãìÞ íá åßíáé áêáôÜëëçëïò ãéá óõãêåêñéìÝíåò
	  åöáñìïãÝò.  Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ìéá áêüìá ãñáììÞ áíÜðôõîçò ãéá ôïõò
	  ðñïãñáììáôéóôÝò, êáé äåí åßíáé áðáñáßôçôá êáôÜëëçëç ãéá ôïõò
	  ôåëéêïýò ÷ñÞóôåò.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>Ðïéïò ×ñåéÜæåôáé ôï &os.stable;;</title>

	<para>Áí óáò åíäéáöÝñåé íá ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå Þ íá óõìâÜëëåôå óôçí
	  áíÜðôõîç ôïõ &os;, êáé åéäéêÜ üóï áöïñÜ ôçí åðüìåíç åðßóçìç
	  Ýêäïóç ôïõ áðü ôïí ßäéï êëÜäï (point release), åßíáé êáëÞ éäÝá íá
	  ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå ôï &os.stable;.</para>

	<para>Áí êáé åßíáé áëÞèåéá üôé ïé äéïñèþóåéò áóöÜëåéáò ãßíïíôáé êáé
	  óôïí êëÜäï &os.stable;, ùóôüóï <emphasis>äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé</emphasis>
	  íá ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå ôï &os.stable; ìüíï ãéá áõôü ôï ëüãï.  ÊÜèå
	  áíáöïñÜ ðñïâëÞìáôïò áóöÜëåéáò ôïõ &os; åîçãåß ðùò íá äéïñèþóåôå ôï
	  ðñüâëçìá ãéá êÜèå åðßóçìç Ýêäïóç ç ïðïßá åðçñåÜæåôáé áðü áõôü
	  <footnote><para>Áõôü âÝâáéá äåí åßíáé áðüëõôá áëçèéíü.  Äåí ìðïñïýìå
	    íá óõíå÷ßóïõìå íá õðïóôçñßæïõìå ôéò ðáëéÝò åêäüóåéò ôïõ &os; ãéá
	    ðÜíôá, áí êáé ôéò õðïóôçñßæïõìå ãéá ðïëëÜ ÷ñüíéá.  Ãéá ðëÞñç
	    ðåñéãñáöÞ ôçò ôñÝ÷ïõóáò ðïëéôéêÞò üóï áöïñÜ ôçí áóöÜëåéá ôùí
	    ðáëéþí åêäüóåùí ôïõ &os;, äåßôå <ulink
	      url="&url.base;/security/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/</ulink>.</para>
	  </footnote>,
	  êáé ç ðáñáêïëïýèçóç åíüò êëÜäïõ áíÜðôõîçò ìüíï ãéá ëüãïõò
	  áóöáëåßáò, ðéèáíüí íá öÝñåé åðßóçò êáé Üëëåò áíåðéèýìçôåò áëëáãÝò
	  ìáæß ôçò.</para>

	<para>Áí êáé êáôáâÜëëïõìå êÜèå äõíáôÞ ðñïóðÜèåéá þóôå íá åîáóöáëßóïõìå
	  üôé ï êëÜäïò &os.stable; ìðïñåß íá ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß êáé íá åêôåëåóôåß
	  óå êÜèå äåäïìÝíç ÷ñïíéêÞ óôéãìÞ, äåí ìðïñïýìå ùóôüóï íá ôï
	  åããõçèïýìå.  Åðéðñüóèåôá, áí êáé ï êþäéêáò áíáðôýóóåôáé óôï
	  &os.current; ðñéí ðåñÜóåé óôï &os.stable;, ï êüóìïò ðïõ åêôåëåß ôï
	  &os.stable; åßíáé ðåñéóóüôåñïò, êáé Ýôóé åßíáé áíáðüöåõêôï íá
	  áíáêáëýðôïíôáé ðéï ðïëëÜ óöÜëìáôá êáé áêñáßåò ðåñéðôþóåéò óôï
	  &os.stable; ôá ïðïßá äåí Ý÷ïõí ãßíåé åìöáíÞ óôï &os.current;.</para>

	<para>Ãéá ôïõò ëüãïõò áõôïýò, <emphasis>äåí</emphasis> óõíéóôïýìå íá
	  ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå ôõöëÜ ôï &os.stable;, êáé åéäéêüôåñá åßíáé óçìáíôéêü
	  íá ìçí áíáâáèìßæåôå óå áõôü åîõðçñåôçôÝò óå ðåñéâÜëëïíôá ðáñáãùãÞò,
	  ÷ùñßò íá Ý÷åôå ðñþôá åëÝãîåé áíáëõôéêÜ ôïí êþäéêá óôï äéêü óáò
	  ðåñéâÜëëïí áíÜðôõîçò.</para>

	<para>Áí äåí äéáèÝôåôå ôïõò ðüñïõò ãéá íá ôï êÜíåôå áõôü, óáò
	  óõíéóôïýìå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí ôåëåõôáßá åðßóçìç Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os;,
	  êáé íá áíáâáèìßæåóôå áðü ôç ìéá Ýêäïóç óôçí åðüìåíç ìÝóù ôïõ
	  ìç÷áíéóìïý äõáäéêþí åíçìåñþóåùí.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï &os.stable;</title>

	<orderedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>Ãñáöôåßôå óõíäñïìçôÞò óôç ëßóôá &a.stable.name;.  Èá åßóôå
	      Ýôóé åíçìåñùìÝíïé ãéá åîáñôÞóåéò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ðïõ ßóùò
	      åìöáíéóôïýí óôï &os.stable;<indexterm><primary>-STABLE</primary><secondary>using</secondary></indexterm>, Þ ãéá Üëëá ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ ÷ñÞæïõí
	      åéäéêÞò ðñïóï÷Þò.  Óôç ëßóôá áõôÞ èá âñßóêåôå åðßóçò
	      áíáêïéíþóåéò áðü ìÝëç ôçò ïìÜäáò áíÜðôõîçò, üôáí ðñüêåéôáé íá
	      óõìðåñéëçöèåß êÜðïéá áìöéëåãüìåíç áíáíÝùóç Þ äéüñèùóç, äßíïíôáò
	      Ýôóé óôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò ôçí åõêáéñßá íá åêöÝñïõí ãíþìç ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôá
	      ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ èá ðñïêáëÝóåé ç ðñïôåéíüìåíç áëëáãÞ.</para>

	    <para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá åããñáöåßôå óôçí êáôÜëëçëç ëßóôá
	      <application>SVN</application> áíÜëïãá ìå ôïí êëÜäï ðïõ
	      ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå ôïí êëÜäï
	      7-STABLE, ç êáôÜëëçëç ëßóôá åßíáé ç &a.svn-src-stable-7.name;.
	      Áõôü èá óáò åðéôñÝøåé íá âëÝðåôå ôéò
	      êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò óôï commit log ãéá êÜèå áëëáãÞ ðïõ ãßíåôáé, êáèþò
	      êáé ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ðéèáíÝò ðáñåíÝñãåéåò ðïõ ìðïñåß íá
	      Ý÷åé.</para>

	    <para>Ãéá íá ãñáöôåßôå óå áõôÝò, Þ óå ïðïéåóäÞðïôå áðü ôéò
	      õðÜñ÷ïõóåò ëßóôåò, åðéóêåöèåßôå ôçí ôïðïèåóßá
	      &a.mailman.lists.link; êáé åðéëÝîôå ôç ëßóôá óôçí ïðïßá èÝëåôå
	      íá ãßíåôå óõíäñïìçôÞò.  Ïäçãßåò ãéá ôçí õðüëïéðç äéáäéêáóßá
	      èá âñåßôå åðéôüðïõ.  Áí óáò åíäéáöÝñåé íá ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå ôéò
	      áëëáãÝò óå üëï ôï äÝíôñï ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, óáò óõíéóôïýìå íá
	      åããñáöåßôå óôç ëßóôá &a.svn-src-all.name;.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Áí ðñüêåéôáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå Ýíá íÝï óýóôçìá ìå óêïðü íá
	      åêôåëåßôå ôá ìçíéáßá snapshot ôïõ &os.stable;, ðáñáêáëïýìå íá
	      åëÝãîåôå ôçí ôïðïèåóßá <ulink
		url="&url.base;/snapshots/">Snapshots</ulink> ãéá
	      ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò.  ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, åßíáé äõíáôüí íá
	      åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï ðéï ðñüóöáôï &os.stable; áðü êÜðïéï
	      <link linkend="mirrors">mirror site</link> áêïëïõèþíôáò ôéò
	      ðáñáêÜôù ïäçãßåò þóôå íá áíáâáèìßóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò óôçí ðëÝïí
	      ðñüóöáôç Ýêäïóç ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôïõ &os.stable;.</para>

	    <para>Áí äéáèÝôåôå Þäç êÜðïéá ðñïçãïýìåíç Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os; êáé
	      åðéèõìåßôå íá áíáâáèìéóôåßôå ìÝóù ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, ìðïñåßôå
	      åýêïëá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå êÜðïéï <link
		linkend="mirrors">mirror site</link> ôïõ &os;.  ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äýï
	      ôñüðïé ãéá íá ãßíåé áõôü:</para>

	    <orderedlist>
	      <listitem>

		<para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï ðñüãñáììá <link
		    linkend="cvsup">cvsup</link><indexterm><primary><command>cvsup</command></primary></indexterm> óå óõíäõáóìü ìå ôï
		  <filename>supfile</filename> ìå ôçí ïíïìáóßá
		  <filename>stable-supfile</filename> ôï ïðïßï èá âñåßôå
		  óôïí êáôÜëïãï
		  <filename>/usr/share/examples/cvsup</filename>.
		  ÁõôÞ åßíáé êáé ç ðëÝïí óõíéóôþìåíç ìÝèïäïò, êáèþò óáò
		  åðéôñÝðåé íá áíáêôÞóåôå üëç ôç óõëëïãÞ ìå ìéá êßíçóç, êáé
		  óôéò åðüìåíåò áíáíåþóåéò èá ðáßñíåôå ìüíï ôéò áëëáãÝò.
		  Ðïëëïß ÷ñÞóôåò åêôåëïýí ôï <command>cvsup</command> ìÝóù
		  ôïõ <command>cron</command> þóôå íá êñáôÜíå ôïí ðçãáßï
		  êþäéêá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò ôïõò ðÜíôá áíáíåùìÝíï áõôüìáôá.  Èá
		  ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóáñìüóåôå ôï õðüäåéãìá ôïõ
		  <filename>supfile</filename> ðïõ äßíïõìå ðáñáðÜíù, êáé íá
		  ñõèìßóåôå ôï <link linkend="cvsup">cvsup</link><indexterm><primary>-STABLE</primary><secondary>syncing with <application>CVSup</application></secondary></indexterm> ãéá ôï
		  ðåñéâÜëëïí óáò.</para>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
		<para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí õðçñåóßá <application><link
		  linkend="ctm">CTM</link></application><indexterm><primary>-STABLE</primary><secondary>syncing with CTM</secondary></indexterm>.  Áí äåí Ý÷åôå
		  ãñÞãïñç êáé öôçíÞ óýíäåóç ìå ôï Internet, áõôÞ åßíáé ç
		  óõíéóôþìåíç ìÝèïäïò.</para>
	      </listitem>
	    </orderedlist>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÏõóéáóôéêÜ, áí ÷ñåéÜæåóôå ãñÞãïñç êáé êáôÜ áðáßôçóç
	      ðñüóâáóç óôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá, êáé ôï åýñïò æþíçò ôçò óýíäåóçò
	      äåí áðïôåëåß ðñüâëçìá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï
	      <command>cvsup</command> Þ ôï <command>ftp</command>.
	      ÄéáöïñåôéêÜ, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï
	      <application>CTM</application>.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Ðñéí ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï &os.stable;<indexterm><primary>-STABLE</primary><secondary>compiling</secondary></indexterm>, äéáâÜóôå ðñïóåêôéêÜ ôï
	      <filename>Makefile</filename> óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	      <filename>/usr/src</filename>.  Èá ðñÝðåé íá <link
		linkend="makeworld">ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá êáé üëï ôï
		âáóéêü óýóôçìá (world)</link> ôçí ðñþôç öïñÜ, ùò ìÝñïò ôçò
	      äéáäéêáóßáò áíáâÜèìéóçò.  ÄéáâÜæïíôáò ôçí &a.stable;
	      êáé ôï <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> èá åßóôå
	      åíçìåñùìÝíïé ãéá íÝåò äéáäéêáóßåò üóï áöïñÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç óôï íÝï
	      óáò óýóôçìá.  Ïé äéáäéêáóßåò áõôÝò åßíáé óõ÷íÜ áðáñáßôçôåò üóï
	      ðëçóéÜæïõìå óå ìéá íÝá åðßóçìç Ýêäïóç.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</orderedlist>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="synching">
    <title>Óõã÷ñïíßæïíôáò ôïí Ðçãáßï óáò Êþäéêá</title>

    <para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äéÜöïñïé ôñüðïé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ìéá óýíäåóç Internet
      (Þ email) ãéá íá åíçìåñþíåôå ïðïéïäÞðïôå ôìÞìá ðçãáßïõ
      êþäéêá ôïõ &os;&nbsp;Project óáò åíäéáöÝñåé, Þ êáé üëá áí ôï
      åðéèõìåßôå.  Ïé âáóéêÝò õðçñåóßåò ðïõ ðñïóöÝñïõìå åßíáé ôï
      <link linkend="anoncvs">Áíþíõìï CVS</link>, ôï
      <link linkend="cvsup">CVSup</link>, êáé ôï <link
	linkend="ctm">CTM</link>.</para>

    <warning>
      <para>Áí êáé åßíáé äõíáôüí íá åíçìåñþóåôå ìüíï êÜðïéá ôìÞìáôá ôïõ
	äÝíôñïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, ç ìüíç äéáäéêáóßá åíçìÝñùóçò ðïõ
	õðïóôçñßæåôáé áöïñÜ ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ïëüêëçñïõ ôïõ äÝíôñïõ.  ÌåôÜ ôçí
	åíçìÝñùóç, èá ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå îáíÜ ôüóï ôï userland (äçë. ôá
	ðñïãñÜììáôá ðïõ åêôåëïýíôáé óôçí ðåñéï÷Þ ÷ñÞóôç, üðùò áõôÜ ðïõ
	âñßóêïíôáé óôïõò êáôáëüãïõò <filename>/bin</filename> êáé
	<filename>/sbin</filename>) üóï êáé ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôïõ ðõñÞíá.
	Áí åíçìåñþóåôå ìüíï Ýíá ôìÞìá ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, ìüíï ôïí ðõñÞíá Þ
	ìüíï ôï userland, èá áíôéìåôùðßóåôå ðñïâëÞìáôá.  Ôá ðñïâëÞìáôá áõôÜ
	ìðïñåß íá êõìáßíïíôáé áðü óöÜëìáôá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ìÝ÷ñé kernel panic
	êáé êáôáóôñïöÞ äåäïìÝíùí.</para>
    </warning>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>CVS</primary>
      <secondary>anonymous</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>Ôï <application>Áíþíõìï CVS</application> êáé ôï
      <application>CVSup</application> ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôç ìÝèïäï
      <emphasis>pull</emphasis> ãéá ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá.  Óôçí
      ðåñßðôùóç ôïõ <application>CVSup</application>, ï ÷ñÞóôçò (ç êÜðïéï
      script ðïõ åêôåëåßôáé ìÝóù <command>cron</command>) åêôåëåß ôï ðñüãñáììá
      <command>cvsup</command> ôï ïðïßï áëëçëåðéäñÜ ìå Ýíá áíôßóôïé÷ï
      åîõðçñåôçôÞ <command>cvsupd</command> þóôå íá åíçìåñþóåé ôá ó÷åôéêÜ
      áñ÷åßá.  Ïé åíçìåñþóåéò ðïõ ëáìâÜíåôå åßíáé ðÜíôïôå ïé ôåëåõôáßåò
      äéáèÝóéìåò, êáé èá ôéò ëÜâåôå ìüíï üôáí ôéò æçôÞóåôå.  Ìðïñåßôå åýêïëá
      íá ðåñéïñßóåôå ôéò åíçìåñþóåéò óå óõãêåêñéìÝíá áñ÷åßá Þ êáôáëüãïõò ôá
      ïðïßá óáò åíäéáöÝñïõí.  Ïé åíçìåñþóåéò äçìéïõñãïýíôáé äõíáìéêÜ áðü ôïí
      åîõðçñåôçôÞ, áíÜëïãá ìå ôï ôé Ý÷åôå åãêáôåóôçìÝíï êáé ôé åðéèõìåßôå íá
      ëÜâåôå.  Ôï <application>Áíþíõìï CVS</application> åßíáé êÜðùò ðéï
      áðëïúêü áðü ôï <application>CVSup</application>, äåäïìÝíïõ üôé åßíáé
      áðëþò ìéá åðÝêôáóç ôïõ <application>CVS</application> ðïõ åðéôñÝðåé ôçí
      áíÜêôçóç áëëáãþí áðåõèåßáò áðü êÜðïéï áðïìáêñõóìÝíï CVS repository.  Ôï
      <application>CVSup</application> åßíáé áñêåôÜ ðéï áðïôåëåóìáôéêü óå
      áõôüí ôï ôïìÝá, áëëÜ ôï <application>Áíþíõìï CVS</application> åßíáé
      áðëïýóôåñï óôç ÷ñÞóç.</para>

    <indexterm>
      <primary><application>CTM</application></primary>
    </indexterm>
    <para>Áðü ôçí Üëëç ìåñéÜ, ôï <application>CTM</application> äåí óõãêñßíåé
      Üìåóá ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ðïõ Ý÷åôå ìå áõôüí ðïõ õðÜñ÷åé óôïí êåíôñéêü
      åîõðçñåôçôÞ þóôå íá áíáêôÞóåé ìüíï ôéò áëëáãÝò.  Áíôßèåôá, óôï êåíôñéêü
      ìç÷Üíçìá CTM, åêôåëåßôáé áñêåôÝò öïñÝò ôçí çìÝñá Ýíá script.  Ôï script
      áõôü áíáãíùñßæåé ôéò áëëáãÝò óôá áñ÷åßá óå ó÷Ýóç ìå ôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç
      åêôÝëåóç ôïõ, êáé Ýðåéôá ðáêåôÜñåé êáé óõìðéÝæåé ôéò áëëáãÝò ìå ôñüðï
      êáôÜëëçëï ãéá áðïóôïëÞ ìÝóù email (ìüíï åêôõðþóéìïé ASCII ÷áñáêôÞñåò).
      Óå êÜèå ôÝôïéï ðáêÝôï áëëáãþí áíôéóôïé÷ßæåôáé Ýíáò ìïíáäéáßïò áñéèìüò
      áêïëïõèßáò (sequence number) ðïõ ôï áíáãíùñßæåé.  ÌåôÜ ôç ëÞøç ôïõò,
      ìðïñåßôå íá äþóåôå áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá äéáöïñþí ôïõ
      <application>CTM</application> (<quote>CTM deltas</quote>) óôï âïçèçôéêü
      ðñüãñáììá &man.ctm.rmail.1; ôï ïðïßï áõôüìáôá èá ôá áðïêùäéêïðïéÞóåé,
      èá ôá åðáëçèåýóåé, êáé èá åöáñìüóåé ôéò áëëáãÝò óôï áíôßãñáöï ðçãáßïõ
      êþäéêá ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç.  Ç äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ åßíáé ðïëý ðéï áðïäïôéêÞ áðü ôï
      <application>CVSup</application>, êáé åðéâáñýíåé ëéãüôåñï ôïõò
      åîõðçñåôçôÝò ìáò, êáèþò åßíáé ìéá äéáäéêáóßá ôýðïõ
      <emphasis>push</emphasis> áíôß ãéá <emphasis>pull</emphasis>.</para>

    <para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí öõóéêÜ êÜðïéá óçìåßá ðïõ õóôåñåß.  Áí áðü ëÜèïò äéáãñÜøåôå
      êÜðïéá ôìÞìáôá ôïõ ðçãáßïõ óáò êþäéêá, ôï
      <application>CVSup</application> èá áíé÷íåýóåé êáé èá äéïñèþóåé áõôüìáôá
      ôç âëÜâç ãéá óáò.  Ôï <application>CTM</application> äåí èá ôï êÜíåé
      áõôü, êáé áí óâÞóåôå êÜðïéï ôìÞìá ôïõ äÝíôñïõ óáò (êáé äåí Ý÷åôå
      áíôßãñáöï áóöáëåßáò) èá ðñÝðåé íá îåêéíÞóåôå áðü ôçí áñ÷Þ (áðü ôï ðéï
      ðñüóöáôï CVS <quote>base delta</quote>) êáé íá ôï îáíáêôßóåôå áðü ôçí
      áñ÷Þ ìå ôï <application>CTM</application>.  Ìå ôï
      <application>Áíþíõìï CVS</application>, ìðïñåßôå áðëþò íá äéáãñÜøåôå
      ôá ðñïâëçìáôéêÜ áñ÷åßá êáé íá óõã÷ñïíßóåôå îáíÜ ôïí ðçãáßï óáò
      êþäéêá.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="makeworld">
    <title>Ìåôáãëùôôßæïíôáò ôï Âáóéêü Óýóôçìá (<quote>world</quote>)</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>Rebuilding <quote>world</quote></primary>
    </indexterm>
    <para>¸÷ïíôáò óõã÷ñïíßóåé ôï ôïðéêü óáò äÝíôñï ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá óå êÜðïéá
      óõãêåêñéìÝíç Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os; (&os.stable;, &os.current;, ê.ï.ê.),
      ìðïñåßôå Ýðåéôá íá ôï ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ãéá íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï
      óýóôçìá óáò áðü ôçí áñ÷Þ.</para>

    <warning>
      <title>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå ¸íá Áíôßãñáöï Áóöáëåßáò</title>

      <para>Äåí ìðïñïýìå ðáñÜ íá ôïíßóïõìå ðüóï óçìáíôéêü åßíáé íá
	äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíá áíôßãñáöï áóöáëåßáò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò
	<emphasis>ðñéí</emphasis> îåêéíÞóåôå áõôÞ ôç äéáäéêáóßá.  Áí êáé ç
	ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò åßíáé (üóï ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí áêïëïõèåßôå
	áõôÝò ôéò ïäçãßåò) ìéá ó÷åôéêÜ áðëÞ äéáäéêáóßá, áíáìößâïëá èá õðÜñîïõí
	êáé ðåñéðôþóåéò ðïõ ëÜèç äéêÜ óáò, Þ Üëëùí (óôï äÝíôñï ðçãáßïõ
	êþäéêá), èá óáò ïäçãÞóïõí óå Ýíá óýóôçìá ðïõ äåí èá ìðïñåß íá
	åêêéíÞóåé.</para>

      <para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå åíçìåñùìÝíï áíôßãñáöï áóöáëåßáò.  Êáëü èá
	åßíáé íá Ý÷åôå åðßóçò ðñü÷åéñç ìéá äéóêÝôá fixit Þ Ýíá CD åêêßíçóçò.
	ºóùò íá ìçí ÷ñåéáóôåß ðïôÝ íá ôá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå, áëëÜ êáëýôåñá íá
	åßóôå áóöáëÞò ðáñÜ íá ôï ìåôáíïéþíåôå áñãüôåñá!</para>
    </warning>

    <warning>
      <title>Ãßíåôå ÓõíäñïìçôÞò óôç ÓùóôÞ Ëßóôá Çë. Ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ</title>

      <indexterm><primary>mailing list</primary></indexterm>
      <para>Áðü ôç öýóç ôïõò, ïé êëÜäïé &os.stable; êáé &os.current;
	âñßóêïíôáé óå óõíå÷Þ <emphasis>áíÜðôõîç</emphasis>.  ¼óïé óõíåéóöÝñïõí
	óôï &os; åßíáé áðëþò Üíèñùðïé, êáé ðåñéóôáóéáêÜ ëÜèç áðëþò
	óõìâáßíïõí.</para>

      <para>ÏñéóìÝíåò öïñÝò ôá ëÜèç áõôÜ åßíáé ìÜëëïí áêßíäõíá, êáé ôï ìüíï
	ðïõ êÜíïõí åßíáé íá åìöáíßæïõí ìåñéêÝò äéáãíùóôéêÝò ðñïåéäïðïéÞóåéò
	óôï óýóôçìá óáò.  ¹ ìðïñåß ç áëëáãÞ íá åßíáé êáôáóôñïöéêÞ, êáé íá
	ïäçãÞóåé ôï óýóôçìá óáò óå áäõíáìßá åêêßíçóçò Þ áêüìá êáé íá
	êáôáóôñÝøåé ôá óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí óáò (Þ êáé áêüìá ÷åéñüôåñåò
	óõíÝðåéåò).</para>

      <para>Áí óõìâïýí ôÝôïéá ðñïâëÞìáôá, óýíôïìá èá åìöáíéóôåß Ýíá ìÞíõìá
	ôýðïõ <quote>heads up</quote> óôéò ó÷åôéêÝò ëßóôåò ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ, ôï
	ïðïßï èá åîçãåß ôï ðñüâëçìá êáé ðïéá óõóôÞìáôá åðçñåÜæåé.  ¼ôáí ôï
	ðñüâëçìá ëõèåß, èá ãßíåé ìéá áíôßóôïé÷ç <quote>all clear</quote>
	áíáêïßíùóç.</para>

      <para>Áí ðñïóðáèåßôå íá áêïëïõèÞóåôå ôï &os.stable; Þ ôï &os.current;,
	êáé äåí äéáâÜæåôå ôéò áíôßóôïé÷åò ëßóôåò &a.stable.name; êáé
	&a.current.name;, øÜ÷íåôå ãéá ìðåëÜäåò.</para>
    </warning>

    <warning>
      <title>Ìçí ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
	<command>make world</command></title>

      <para>ÌåãÜëï ìÝñïò ôçò ðáëáéüôåñçò ôåêìçñßùóçò, óõíéóôÜ ôç ÷ñÞóç ôçò
	åíôïëÞò <command>make world</command>.  Áí ôçí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå, èá
	ðáñáëåéöèïýí ïñéóìÝíá óçìáíôéêÜ âÞìáôá ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò.
	×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôç ìüíï áí åßóôå áðüëõôá óßãïõñïé ãéá áõôü ðïõ êÜíåôå.
	Ãéá ôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ç åíôïëÞ
	<command>make world</command> åßíáé ëáíèáóìÝíç, êáé áíôß ãéá áõôÞ
	èá ðñÝðåé íá áêïëïõèÞóåôå ôç äéáäéêáóßá ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöïõìå
	ðáñáêÜôù.</para>
    </warning>

    <sect2 id="canonical-build">
      <title>Ï Êáíïíéêüò Ôñüðïò íá Åíçìåñþóåôå ôï Óýóôçìá óáò</title>

      <para>Ðñéí åíçìåñþóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò, èá ðñÝðåé íá åëÝãîåôå ôï
	<filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> ãéá ôõ÷üí âÞìáôá ðïõ èá ðñÝðåé
	íá åêôåëÝóåôå ðñéí ôçí åêêßíçóç ôçò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.  Ôá âÞìáôá áõôÜ
	åîáñôþíôáé áðü ôçí Ýêäïóç ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ðïõ ðñüêåéôáé íá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå.  ¸ðåéôá, áêïëïõèÞóôå ôç äéáäéêáóßá ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöåôáé
	óôéò åðüìåíåò ðáñáãñÜöïõò.</para>

      <para>Ç äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò ç ïðïßá ðåñéãñÜöåôáé åäþ âáóßæåôáé óôçí
	õðüèåóç üôé Ý÷åôå Þäç åãêáôáóôÞóåé ìéá ðáëéüôåñç Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os;, ìå
	ìéá ðáëéÜ Ýêäïóç ôïõ ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ, Ýíá ðáëéü ðõñÞíá,
	ðáëéÜ <quote>åñãáëåßá ÷ñÞóôç</quote> êáé áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí.  Åñãáëåßá
	÷ñÞóôç èåùñïýíôáé ôá âáóéêÜ åêôåëÝóéìá, ïé âéâëéïèÞêåò êáé ôá áñ÷åßá
	ðñïãñáììáôéóìïý.  Ï ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞò åßíáé êé áõôüò ìÝñïò ôùí
	<quote>åñãáëåßùí ÷ñÞóôç</quote> óôï &os;, áëëÜ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé åéäéêÞ
	ìåôá÷åßñéóç êáôÜ ôç äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò.</para>

      <para>ÕðïèÝôïõìå, åðßóçò, üôé Ý÷åôå Þäç êáôåâÜóåé ìéá åíçìåñùìÝíç Ýêäïóç
	áðü ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.  Áí ï ðçãáßïò êþäéêáò óôï
	óõãêåêñéìÝíï óýóôçìá åßíáé áðü ðáëéüôåñç Ýêäïóç, äåßôå
	ôï <xref linkend="synching"/> ãéá ëåðôïìåñåßò ïäçãßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï ðùò
	íá óõã÷ñïíßóåôå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá óå ìéá íåüôåñç Ýêäïóç.</para>

      <para>Ç áíáâÜèìéóç ôïõ &os; áðü ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêÜ ôïõ öáßíåôáé íá åßíáé
	ðïëý áðëÞ äéáäéêáóßá.  Óôçí ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá, Ý÷åé êÜðïéåò
	éäéáéôåñüôçôåò.  Ìå ôá ÷ñüíéá, êáèþò ïé åîáñôÞóåéò ìåôáîý ôùí âçìÜôùí
	ôçò áíáâÜèìéóçò áíáêáëýðôïíôáé Þ áíáëýïíôáé êáëýôåñá, ïé
	ðñïãñáììáôéóôÝò ôïõ &os; áëëÜæïõí óéãÜ-óéãÜ áõôÞ ôç äéáäéêáóßá.  Ïé
	ðáñáêÜôù ðáñÜãñáöïé ðåñéãñÜöïõí ôç ëïãéêÞ ìå ôçí ïðïßá Ý÷åé ó÷åäéáóèåß
	ç ðñïôåéíüìåíç äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò.</para>

      <para>Ìéá åðéôõ÷Þò äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò ðñÝðåé íá êáëýøåé ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí
	ôéò äýï ðéï âáóéêÝò éäéáéôåñüôçôåò ìéáò áíáâÜèìéóçò áðü ðçãáßï
	êþäéêá:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>Ï ðáëéüò ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞò óõóôÞìáôïò ìðïñåß íá åßíáé áêáôÜëëçëïò
	    ãéá ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ íÝïõ ðõñÞíá.  (Êáé ïé ìåôáãëùôôéóôÝò Ý÷ïõí
	    ïñéóìÝíåò öïñÝò ðñïâëÞìáôá, üðùò êÜèå Üëëï ëïãéóìéêü.)  Ïðüôå ï
	    íÝïò ðõñÞíáò ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß ìå ôï íÝï ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ.
	    Ðéï óõãêåêñéìÝíá, ï íÝïò ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞò ðñÝðåé íá áíáâáèìéóôåß
	    ðñéí áðü ôï íÝï ðõñÞíá.  Áõôü äå óçìáßíåé âÝâáéá üôé áõôüò ï íÝïò
	    ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞò ðñÝðåé íá <emphasis>åãêáôáóôáèåß</emphasis> ðñéí
	    ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß ï íÝïò ðõñÞíáò.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Ôá íÝá åñãáëåßá ÷ñÞóôç áðü ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá ôïõ &os; ìðïñåß
	    íá åîáñôþíôáé áðü ôïí ôñüðï ëåéôïõñãßáò ôïõ íÝïõ ðõñÞíá.  Ïðüôå ï
	    íÝïò ðõñÞíáò ðñÝðåé íá åãêáôáóôáèåß ðñéí áðü ôï íÝï âáóéêü
	    óýóôçìá.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>ÁõôÜ ôá äýï óçìåßá åßíáé ïé âáóéêïß ëüãïé ãéá ôïõò ïðïßïõò
	ðñïôåßíïíôáé ôá êåíôñéêÜ âÞìáôá ìéáò áíáâÜèìéóçò, ôá
	âÞìáôá <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget>,
	<maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget>,
	<maketarget>installkernel</maketarget>,
	êáé <maketarget>installworld</maketarget>.  Óôéò åðüìåíåò ðáñáãñÜöïõò
	èá ðåñéãñÜøïõìå ðéï áíáëõôéêÜ áõôÜ ôá âÞìáôá.  ÕðÜñ÷ïõí êé Üëëïé ëüãïé
	üìùò ãéá ôïõò ïðïßïõò ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ðñïóï÷Þ üôáí êÜíåôå ìéá ôÝôïéá
	áíáâÜèìéóç.  Ìåñéêïß áðü áõôïýò åßíáé ïé åîÞò:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>Ôá ðáëéÜ åñãáëåßá ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò ìðïñåß íá ìçí ôñÝ÷ïõí
	    óùóôÜ ìå ôï íÝï ðõñÞíá.  Ãé áõôü ðñÝðåé íá åãêáôáóôáèåß ôï
	    åíçìåñùìÝíï âáóéêü óýóôçìá áìÝóùò ìåôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ íÝïõ
	    ðõñÞíá.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÌåñéêÝò öïñÝò ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé áëëáãÝò óôá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí ðñéí
	    åãêáôáóôáèåß ôï íÝï âáóéêü óýóôçìá.  ¶ëëåò öïñÝò ç åãêáôÜóôáóç
	    üëùí ôùí áñ÷åßùí ñõèìßóåùí ìðïñåß íá äçìéïõñãÞóåé ðñïâëÞìáôá óôçí
	    åãêáôÜóôáóç.  Ãé áõôü Ý÷ïõìå ÷ùñßóåé ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ôùí áñ÷åßùí
	    ñõèìßóåùí óå äýï îå÷ùñéóôÜ âÞìáôá.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Óôçí ðëåéïøçößá ôùí ðåñéðôþóåùí ç äéáäéêáóßá åãêáôÜóôáóçò
	    áíôéêáèéóôÜ Þ ðñïóèÝôåé áñ÷åßá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò· äå óâÞíåé êáíÝíá
	    õðÜñ÷ïí áñ÷åßï.  Óå ìåñéêÝò ðåñéðôþóåéò áõôü ìðïñåß íá
	    äçìéïõñãÞóåé ðñïâëÞìáôá.  ¼ôáí õðÜñ÷åé ôÝôïéá ðåñßðôùóç, ç
	    äéáäéêáóßá åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôõðþíåé åíçìåñùôéêÜ ìçíýìáôá ãéá ôá áñ÷åßá
	    ôá ïðïßá ðñÝðåé íá óâçóôïýí ÷åéñïêßíçôá.  Áõôü ôï âÞìá ìðïñåß íá
	    áõôïìáôïðïéçèåß óôï ìÝëëïí.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>¸÷ïíôáò üëåò áõôÝò ôéò éäéáéôåñüôçôåò ìéáò áíáâÜèìéóçò áðü ðçãáßï
	êþäéêá, êáôáëÞîáìå óôçí ðáñáêÜôù äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò.  ÏñéóìÝíåò
	öïñÝò ìðïñåß íá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ðñïóèÝóåôå êÜðïéá âÞìáôá óå áõôÞ ôç
	äéáäéêáóßá.  Ôá âáóéêÜ âÞìáôá üìùò ðáñáìÝíïõí ôá ßäéá, êé åßíáé ôá
	åîÞò:</para>

      <orderedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para><command>make <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget></command></para>

	  <para>Áõôü ôï âÞìá ìåôáãëùôôßæåé ðñþôá ìéá åíçìåñùìÝíç Ýêäïóç ôïõ
	    ßäéïõ ôïõ ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ óõóôÞìáôïò êáé ìåñéêþí áðáñáßôçôùí
	    åñãáëåßùí.  ¾óôåñá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï íÝï ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ,
	    ðñïåôïéìÜæåé ìéá íÝá Ýêäïóç üëïõ ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò ôïõ &os;.
	    Ôá åíçìåñùìÝíá åêôåëÝóéìá, âéâëéïèÞêåò êáé áñ÷åßá ðñïãñáììáôéóìïý
	    êáôáëÞãïõí óôïí
	    êáôÜëïãï <filename class="directory">/usr/obj</filename>.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><command>make <maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget></command></para>

	  <para>Óå áíôßèåóç ìå ðáëéüôåñåò äéáäéêáóßåò áíáâÜèìéóçò (ïé ïðïßåò
	    êáëïýóáí ÷åéñïêßíçôá ôï &man.config.8; êáé ôï &man.make.1;) áõôü
	    ôï âÞìá ìåôáãëùôôßæåé ôïí ðõñÞíá ôïõ &os; ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôïí
	    åíçìåñùìÝíï ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ óõóôÞìáôïò áðü ôïí
	    êáôÜëïãï <filename class="directory">/usr/obj</filename>.  Áõôü
	    óáò ðñïóôáôåýåé áðü ðñïâëÞìáôá áóõìâáôüôçôáò ìåôáîý ôïõ
	    ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ êáé ôïõ ðõñÞíá.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><command>make <maketarget>installkernel</maketarget></command></para>

	  <para>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ íÝïõ ðõñÞíá êáé ôùí áñèñùìÜôùí ôïõ óôï äßóêï
	    ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.  ¸ôóé ìðïñåß ðëÝïí ôï óýóôçìá íá îåêéíÞóåé ìå ôï
	    íÝï, åíçìåñùìÝíï ðõñÞíá.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Åêêßíçóç óå ëåéôïõñãßá single user.</para>

	  <para>Ç ëåéôïõñãßá single user åëá÷éóôïðïéåß ôçí ðéèáíüôçôá íá Ý÷åôå
	    ðñïâëÞìáôá åðåéäÞ áíáâáèìßóáôå êÜðïéï ðñüãñáììá ðïõ ôñÝ÷åé Þäç.
	    Åßíáé åðßóçò ðéï áóöáëÞò, áöïý äå ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ôñÝîåôå ôéò
	    åöáñìïãÝò ôïõ ðáëéïý âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò ìå ôï íÝï ðõñÞíá.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><command>mergemaster <option>-p</option></command></para>

	  <para>Áõôü ôï âÞìá åíçìåñþíåé ôá áðïëýôùò âáóéêÜ áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí
	    ôïõ &os;, ãéá íá ìðïñÝóåôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå óùóôÜ ôï íÝï âáóéêü
	    óýóôçìá.  Åíçìåñþíåé, ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ôç âÜóç ÷ñçóôþí êáé ïìÜäùí
	    ÷ñçóôþí ôïõ &os;.  ÊÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ ðñïóôßèåôáé Ýíáò íÝïò ÷ñÞóôçò
	    óõóôÞìáôïò Þ ìéá íÝá ïìÜäá ÷ñçóôþí, ôï
	    âÞìá <maketarget>installworld</maketarget> ôçò áíáâÜèìéóçò èåùñåß
	    üôé Ý÷åôå Þäç ñõèìßóåé ôïõò íÝïõò ÷ñÞóôåò Þ ôéò íÝåò ïìÜäåò.  Áõôü
	    áêñéâþò êÜíåé óå áõôü ôï óçìåßï ôï åñãáëåßï
	    &man.mergemaster.8;.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><command>make <maketarget>installworld</maketarget></command></para>

	  <para>Ôï åðüìåíï âÞìá åßíáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï åíçìåñùìÝíï âáóéêü
	    óýóôçìá áðü ôïí
	    êáôÜëïãï <filename class="directory">/usr/obj</filename>.  ÌåôÜ
	    áðü áõôü Ý÷åôå ðëÝïí Ýíá íÝï ðõñÞíá êáé Ýíá åíçìåñùìÝíï âáóéêü
	    óýóôçìá, ôï ïðïßï ôáéñéÜæåé ìå ôïí íÝï ðõñÞíá.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><command>mergemaster</command></para>

	  <para>¸íá áðü ôá ôåëåõôáßá âÞìáôá åßíáé ç áíáâÜèìéóç ôùí áñ÷åßùí
	    ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.  Ôï åñãáëåßï &man.mergemaster.8; ìðïñåß
	    íá óáò âïçèÞóåé óå áõôü ôï âÞìá, áöïý åíçìåñþíåé ôá áñ÷åßá
	    ñõèìßóåùí êñáôþíôáò êáé ïðïéåóäÞðïôå ôïðéêÝò áëëáãÝò Ý÷åôå êÜíåé
	    óôï óýóôçìÜ óáò.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÅðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôï óýóôçìá.</para>

	  <para>Ìéá ôåëåõôáßá åðáíåêêßíçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò åîáóöáëßæåé üôé
	    ôï óýóôçìá îåêéíÜåé ìå ôï íÝï ðõñÞíá, ôï åíçìåñùìÝíï âáóéêü
	    óýóôçìá êáé ôá êáéíïýñéá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí.</para>
	</listitem>
      </orderedlist>

      <para>Áí ç áíáâÜèìéóç ðïõ êÜíåôå åßíáé áðü ìéá Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os; óå ìéá
	ðéï êáéíïýñéá Ýêäïóç ôïõ ßäéïõ êëÜäïõ áíÜðôõîçò, ð.÷. áðü 7.0 óå 7.1,
	ôüôå ìåñéêÜ áðü ôá âÞìáôá áõôÞ ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò ìðïñåß íá ìç
	÷ñåéÜæïíôáé áöïý åßíáé ëéãüôåñï ðéèáíü íá óõíáíôÞóåôå áóõìâáôüôçôåò
	ìåôáîý ôïõ ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ óõóôÞìáôïò, ôïõ ðõñÞíá, ôïõ âáóéêïý
	óõóôÞìáôïò êáé ôùí áñ÷åßùí ñõèìßóåùí.  Ç áíáâÜèìéóç óå ôÝôïéåò
	ðåñéðôþóåéò, ìåôáîý äýï minor åêäüóåùí ôïõ &os;, ßóùò ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé
	êáé ìå ôçí ðáëéüôåñç äéáäéêáóßá:
	ôñÝ÷ïíôáò<command>make <maketarget>world</maketarget></command> êáé
	ýóôåñá ìåôáãëùôôßæïíôáò êáé óôÞíïíôáò Ýíá íÝï ðõñÞíá.</para>

      <para>¼ôáí üìùò áíáâáèìßóåôå ôï &os; ìåôáîý major åêäüóåùí, êáëýôåñá íá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôç äéáäéêáóßá ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöïõìå åäþ.  Áëëéþò ìðïñåß íá
	áíôéìåôùðßóåôå ðñïâëÞìáôá åßôå êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò áíáâÜèìéóçò Þ áöïý
	Ý÷åé ðëÝïí ïëïêëçñùèåß.</para>

      <para>ÊÜðïéåò áðü ôéò áíáâáèìßóåéò (ð.÷. áðü ìéá Ýêäïóç
	&nbsp;4.<replaceable>X</replaceable> óå 5.0) ìðïñåß íá áðáéôïýí ìåñéêÜ
	÷åéñïêßíçôá âÞìáôá (üðùò ôï íá ìåôáêéíÞóåôå Þ íá óâÞóåôå óõãêåêñéìÝíá
	áñ÷åßá ðñéí ôï âÞìá <maketarget>installworld</maketarget>).  Ðñéí áðü
	êÜèå áíáâÜèìéóç äéáâÜóôå ðñïóåêôéêÜ ôéò ïäçãßåò óôï
	áñ÷åßï <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>· åéäéêÜ ôéò ïäçãßåò óôï
	ôÝëïò ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ, ïé ïðïßåò ðåñéãñÜöïõí áíáëõôéêÜ ôçí ðñïôåéíüìåíç
	äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò.</para>

      <para>ÁõôÞ ç äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò åîåëßóóåôáé êáé äéïñèþíåôáé êáèþò ïé
	ðñïãñáììáôéóôÝò ôïõ &os; áíáêáëýðôïõí êáéíïýñéåò åîáñôÞóåéò ìåôáîý ôùí
	óõóôáôéêþí ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò Þ êÜíïõí äéïñèþóåéò ãéá íá áðïöýãïõí
	áóõìâáôüôçôåò ìåôáîý ôùí äéáöïñåôéêþí õðïóõóôçìÜôùí.  Åëðßæïõìå üôé ôá
	êåíôñéêÜ âÞìáôá ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöåôáé åäþ äå èá áëëÜîïõí
	ðïëý ãéá áñêåôü êáéñü ðëÝïí.</para>

      <para>Áíáêåöáëáéþíïíôáò üëá ôá âÞìáôá ôá ïðïßá ðåñéãñÜøáìå
	ðáñáðÜíù, ç ðñïôåéíüìåíç äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò ôïõ &os; áðü ôïí
	ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò åßíáé:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make buildworld</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make buildkernel</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make installkernel</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown -r now</userinput></screen>

      <note>
	<para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí êÜðïéåò ìÜëëïí óðÜíéåò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé
	  ìéá åðéðëÝïí åêôÝëåóç ôïõ <command>mergemaster -p</command> ðñéí
	  ôï âÞìá <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget>.  Ïé ðåñéðôþóåéò áõôÝò
	  ðåñéãñÜöïíôáé óôï <filename>UPDATING</filename>.  Óå ãåíéêÝò
	  ãñáììÝò ðÜíôùò, ìðïñåßôå ìå áóöÜëåéá íá ðáñáëåßøåôå áõôü ôï âÞìá,
	  áí äåí áíáâáèìßæåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò ìåôáîý ðïëëáðëþí åêäüóåùí ôïõ
	  &os;.</para>
      </note>

      <para>ÌåôÜ ôçí åðéôõ÷Þ ïëïêëÞñùóç ôïõ
	<maketarget>installkernel</maketarget>, èá ðñÝðåé íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå
	óå êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç (ð.÷. ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ
	<command>boot -s</command> óôçí ðñïôñïðÞ ôïõ öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò).
	¸ðåéôá åêôåëÝóôå:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -u /</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -a -t ufs</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>adjkerntz -i</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mergemaster -p</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make installworld</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mergemaster</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>reboot</userinput></screen>

      <warning>
	<title>ÄéáâÜóôå ôéò ÅðéðëÝïí ÅîçãÞóåéò</title>

	<para>Ç äéáäéêáóßá ðïõ ðåñéãñÜøáìå ðáñáðÜíù åßíáé ìéá áðëÞ ðåñßëçøç
	  ãéá íá óáò âïçèÞóåé íá îåêéíÞóåôå.  Èá ðñÝðåé ùóôüóï íá äéáâÜóåôå
	  ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíüôçôåò ãéá íá êáôáíïÞóåôå ðëÞñùò êÜèå âÞìá, åéäéêÜ
	  áí èÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå äéêü óáò ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá.</para>
      </warning>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="src-updating">
      <title>ÄéáâÜóôå ôï <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename></title>

      <para>Ðñéí êÜíåôå ïôéäÞðïôå Üëëï, äéáâÜóôå ôï
	<filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> (Þ ôï áíôßóôïé÷ï áñ÷åßï, áí
	Ý÷åôå áðïèçêåýóåé ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá óå Üëëï êáôÜëïãï).  Ôï áñ÷åßï
	áõôü ðåñéÝ÷åé óçìáíôéêÝò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ ìðïñåß
	íá óõíáíôÞóåôå Þ ßóùò íá êáèïñßæåé ôç óåéñÜ ìå ôçí ïðïßá ðñÝðåé íá
	åêôåëåóôïýí êÜðïéåò åíôïëÝò.  Áí ôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>UPDATING</filename> Ýñ÷åôáé óå óýãêñïõóç ìå êÜôé ðïõ
	äéáâÜóáôå åäþ, ðñïôåñáéüôçôá Ý÷åé ôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>UPDATING</filename>.</para>

      <important>
	<para>Ç áíÜãíùóç ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ <filename>UPDATING</filename> äåí åßíáé
	  áðïäåêôü õðïêáôÜóôáôï ôçò óõíäñïìÞò óôç óùóôÞ ëßóôá çëåêôñïíéêïý
	  ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ, üðùò ðåñéãñÜøáìå ðñïçãïõìÝíùò.  Ïé äýï áðáéôÞóåéò
	  åßíáé óõìðëçñùìáôéêÝò, äåí áëëçëïáíáéñïýíôáé.</para>
      </important>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="make-conf">
      <title>ÅëÝãîôå ôï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename></title>
      <indexterm>
	<primary><filename>make.conf</filename></primary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>ÅîåôÜóôå ôá áñ÷åßá
	<filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</filename>
	êáé
	<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>.  Ôï ðñþôï ðåñéÝ÷åé êÜðïéåò
	ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò ìåôáâëçôÝò (defines), ïé ðåñéóóüôåñåò áðü ôéò ïðïßåò
	åßíáé ùò ó÷üëéá.  Ãéá íá ôá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå üôáí ìåôáãëùôôßæåôå ôï
	óýóôçìá óáò, ðñïóèÝóôå ôá óôï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>.
	Íá Ý÷åôå õðüøç óáò, ðùò ïôéäÞðïôå ðñïóèÝôåôå óôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå åðßóçò êÜèå öïñÜ
	ðïõ åêôåëåßôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>make</command>, Ýôóé åßíáé ãåíéêÜ
	êáëÞ éäÝá íá âÜëåôå ôéìÝò ðïõ åßíáé ëïãéêÝò ãéá ôï
	óýóôçìá óáò.</para>

      <para>¸íáò ôõðéêüò ÷ñÞóôçò èá èÝëåé ðéèáíþò íá áíôéãñÜøåé ôéò ãñáììÝò
	<makevar>CFLAGS</makevar> êáé
	<makevar>NO_PROFILE</makevar> áðü ôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</filename>
	óôï
	<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> áöáéñþíôáò ôáõôü÷ñïíá êáé ôï
	óýìâïëï ôïõ ó÷ïëßïõ.</para>

      <para>ÅîåôÜóôå êáé ôéò Üëëåò ìåôáâëçôÝò (<makevar>COPTFLAGS</makevar>,
	<makevar>NOPORTDOCS</makevar> ê.ï.ê.) êáé áðïöáóßóôå áí ó÷åôßæïíôáé
	ìå ôï åðéèõìçôü ãéá óáò áðïôÝëåóìá.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="updating-etc">
      <title>Åíçìåñþóôå ôá Áñ÷åßá óôï <filename>/etc</filename></title>

      <para>Ï êáôÜëïãïò <filename>/etc</filename> ðåñéÝ÷åé ìåãÜëï ìÝñïò ôùí
	ðëçñïöïñéþí ñýèìéóçò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò, üðùò åðßóçò êáé scripts ðïõ
	åêôåëïýíôáé êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.  ÌåñéêÜ áðü ôá scripts
	áõôÜ áëëÜæïõí áðü Ýêäïóç óå Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os;.</para>

      <para>ÏñéóìÝíá áðü ôá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé åðßóçò êáôÜ ôçí
	êáèçìåñéíÞ ÷ñÞóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.  Ôï <filename>/etc/group</filename>
	åßíáé Ýíá áðü áõôÜ.</para>

      <para>¸÷ïõí õðÜñîåé ðåñéðôþóåéò óôï ðáñåëèüí, üðïõ ôï
	<command>make installworld</command> áíÝìåíå áðü ðñéí ôçí ýðáñîç
	óõãêåêñéìÝíùí ïíïìÜôùí ÷ñçóôþí (usernames) Þ ïìÜäùí (groups).  ÊáôÜ
	ôç äéáäéêáóßá ôçò áíáâÜèìéóçò Þôáí áñêåôÜ ðéèáíü áõôïß ïé ÷ñÞóôåò Þ
	ïìÜäåò íá ìçí õðÞñ÷áí.  Áõôü äçìéïõñãïýóå ðñïâëÞìáôá óôçí
	äéáäéêáóßá.  Óå êÜðïéåò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ôï
	<command>make buildworld</command> èá åëÝãîåé áí õðÜñ÷ïõí áõôïß ïé
	÷ñÞóôåò Þ ïìÜäåò.</para>

      <para>Ìéá ôÝôïéá ðåñßðôùóç ðáñïõóéÜóôçêå üôáí ðñïóôÝèçêå ï ÷ñÞóôçò
	<username>smmsp</username>.  Ç äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò áðïôýã÷áíå óå
	ðïëëïýò ÷ñÞóôåò, ôç óôéãìÞ ðïõ ôï &man.mtree.8; ðñïóðáèïýóå íá
	äçìéïõñãÞóåé ôïí êáôÜëïãï
	<filename>/var/spool/clientmqueue</filename>.</para>

      <para>Ç ëýóç åßíáé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï &man.mergemaster.8; óå êáôÜóôáóç
	ðñï-åãêáôÜóôáóçò, äßíïíôáò ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-p</option>.  ÁõôÞ
	èá óõãêñßíåé ìüíï ôá áñ÷åßá ðïõ åßíáé áðáñáßôçôá ãéá ôçí åðéôõ÷ßá
	åêôÝëåóçò ôïõ <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> Þ ôïõ
	<maketarget>installworld</maketarget>.</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/mergemaster</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>./mergemaster.sh -p</userinput></screen>

      <tip>
	<para>Áí áéóèÜíåóôå éäéáßôåñá ðáñáíïúêüò, ìðïñåßôå íá åëÝãîåôå ôï
	  óýóôçìá óáò ãéá íá äåßôå ðïéá áñ÷åßá áíÞêïõí óôçí ïìÜäá ðïõ
	  ìåôïíïìÜæåôå Þ äéáãñÜöåôå:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>find / -group <replaceable>GID</replaceable> -print</userinput></screen>

	<para>Ç ðáñáðÜíù åíôïëÞ èá óáò äåßîåé üëá ôá áñ÷åßá ôá ïðïßá áíÞêïõí
	  óôçí ïìÜäá <replaceable>GID</replaceable> (ìðïñåßôå íá äþóåôå üíïìá
	  Þ áñéèìçôéêü áíáãíùñéóôéêü ôçò ïìÜäáò).</para>
      </tip>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="makeworld-singleuser">
      <title>Ìåôáâåßôå óå ÊáôÜóôáóç Åíüò ×ñÞóôç</title>
      <indexterm><primary>single-user mode</primary></indexterm>

      <para>ºóùò ðñïôéìÜôå íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óå êáôÜóôáóç åíüò
	÷ñÞóôç.  Åêôüò áðü ôï ðñïöáíÝò ðëåïíÝêôçìá ôçò åëáöñÜ ìåãáëýôåñçò
	ôá÷ýôçôáò, ç åðáíåãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò èá åðçñåÜóåé ðïëëÜ
	óçìáíôéêÜ áñ÷åßá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò, üëá ôá åêôåëÝóéìá áñ÷åßá ôïõ âáóéêïý
	óõóôÞìáôïò, ôéò âéâëéïèÞêåò, ôá áñ÷åßá include ê.á.  Áí ôá áëëÜîåôå
	áõôÜ óå Ýíá óýóôçìá ðïõ âñßóêåôáé óå êáíïíéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá (êáé åéäéêÜ
	áí õðÜñ÷ïõí åíåñãïß ÷ñÞóôåò ôçí äåäïìÝíç óôéãìÞ), øÜ÷íåôå ãéá
	ìðåëÜäåò.</para>

      <indexterm><primary>multi-user mode</primary></indexterm>
      <para>Ìéá Üëëç ìÝèïäïò åßíáé íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óå êáôÜóôáóç
	êáíïíéêÞò ëåéôïõñãßáò, áëëÜ íá ìåôáâåßôå óå êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç ãéá
	ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç.  Áí èÝëåôå íá ôï êÜíåôå ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï, áðëþò
	ìçí åêôåëÝóåôå ôá áêüëïõèá âÞìáôá ìÝ÷ñé ôï ôÝëïò ôçò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.
	Ìðïñåßôå íá áíáâÜëëåôå ôç ìåôÜâáóç óå êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç ìÝ÷ñé
	íá åßóôå Ýôïéìïé ãéá ôï <maketarget>installkernel</maketarget> Þ
	<maketarget>installworld</maketarget>.</para>

      <para>Ùò õðåñ÷ñÞóôçò ìðïñåßôå íá åêôåëÝóåôå:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown now</userinput></screen>

      <para>óå Ýíá óýóôçìá óå êáíïíéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá ãéá íá ìåôáâåßôå óå
	êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç.</para>

      <para>ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, åðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôï óýóôçìá êáé óôçí ðñïôñïðÞ ôïõ
	öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò, åðéëÝîôå <quote>single user</quote>.  Ôï óýóôçìá
	èá îåêéíÞóåé óå êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç.  Óôçí ðñïôñïðÞ ôçò ãñáììÞò
	åíôïëþí èá ðñÝðåé íá ãñÜøåôå:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fsck -p</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -u /</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -a -t ufs</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>swapon -a</userinput></screen>

      <para>Èá ãßíåé Ýëåã÷ïò óôá óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí, êáé ðñïóÜñôçóç ôïõ
	<filename>/</filename> ìå äõíáôüôçôá áíÜãíùóçò/åããñáöÞò.  ¸ðåéôá èá
	ðñïóáñôçèïýí üëá ôá Üëëá óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí UFS ôá ïðïßá áíáöÝñïíôáé
	óôï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, êáé èá åíåñãïðïéçèåß ôï
	swap.</para>

	<note>
	  <para>Áí ôï CMOS ñïëüé ôïõ õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò åßíáé ñõèìéóìÝíï óå
	    ôïðéêÞ þñá êáé ü÷é óå GMT (áõôü åßíáé áëÞèåéá áí ç Ýîïäïò ôçò
	    åíôïëÞò &man.date.1; äåí äåß÷íåé óùóôÞ çìåñïìçíßá êáé þñá), ßóùò
	    ÷ñåéáóôåß íá åêôåëÝóåôå åðßóçò ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>adjkerntz -i</userinput></screen>

	  <para>Ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï èá âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ïé ôïðéêÝò óáò ñõèìßóåéò
	    þñáò Ý÷ïõí ñõèìéóôåß óùóôÜ.  ÄéáöïñåôéêÜ, ìðïñåß íá óõíáíôÞóåôå
	    ðñïâëÞìáôá áñãüôåñá.</para>
	</note>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="cleaning-usr-obj">
      <title>ÄéáãñÜøôå ôï <filename>/usr/obj</filename></title>

      <para>Êáèþò ãßíåôáé ç åðáíáìåôáãëþôôéóç, ôìÞìáôá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò
	ôïðïèåôïýíôáé áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ óå õðïêáôáëüãïõò ôïõ
	<filename>/usr/obj</filename>.  Ïé õðïêáôÜëïãïé áõôïß áíôéãñÜöïõí ôç
	äïìÞ ðïõ áêïëïõèåßôáé óôï <filename>/usr/src</filename>.</para>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá åðéôá÷ýíåôå ôç äéáäéêáóßá ôïõ
	<command>make buildworld</command> êáé åðßóçò íá ãëõôþóåôå áðü êÜðïéá
	ðéèáíÜ ðñïâëÞìáôá, áí äéáãñÜøåôå êáé áõôü ôïí êáôÜëïãï.</para>

      <para>ÊÜðïéá áñ÷åßá óå õðïêáôáëüãïõò ôïõ <filename>/usr/obj</filename>
	ìðïñåß íá Ý÷ïõí ÷áñáêôçñéóôåß ùò immutable ìÝóù ôïõ áíôßóôïé÷ïõ flag
	(ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò äåßôå ôï &man.chflags.1;).  Ðñéí
	äéáãñÜøåôå áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá, èá ðñÝðåé ðñþôá íá êáôáñãÞóåôå áõôü ôï
	flag.</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/obj</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>chflags -R noschg *</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>rm -rf *</userinput></screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="updating-upgrading-compilebase">
      <title>Åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóôå ôï Âáóéêü Óýóôçìá</title>

      <sect3>
	<title>Áðïèçêåýóôå ôçí ¸îïäï</title>

	<para>Êáèþò åêôåëåßôáé ç &man.make.1;, åßíáé êáëÞ éäÝá ç Ýîïäïò ôçò
	  íá áðïèçêåýåôáé óå êÜðïéï Üëëï áñ÷åßï.  Áí êÜôé ðÜåé óôñáâÜ, èá
	  Ý÷åôå Ýíá áíôßãñáöï ôïõ ìçíýìáôïò ëÜèïõò.  Áí êáé áõôü ßóùò äåí óáò
	  âïçèÞóåé íá âñåßôå ôé ðÞãå óôñáâÜ, ìðïñåß íá äéåõêïëýíåé Üëëïõò áí
	  óôåßëåôå ôï ìÞíõìá óáò óå ìéá áðü ôéò ëßóôåò çëåêôñïíéêïý
	  ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ ôïõ &os;.</para>

	<para>Ï åõêïëüôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá ãßíåé áõôü, åßíáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
	  ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.script.1; ìå ìéá ðáñÜìåôñï ðïõ íá êáèïñßæåé ôï üíïìá
	  ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ óôï ïðïßï èá áðïèçêåõôåß ç Ýîïäïò.  Èá ðñÝðåé íá
	  ôï åêôåëÝóåôå áìÝóùò ðñéí îåêéíÞóåôå ôçí ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ âáóéêïý
	  óõóôÞìáôïò, êáé íá ãñÜøåôå <userinput>exit</userinput> ìüëéò
	  ç äéáäéêáóßá ïëïêëçñùèåß.</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>script /var/tmp/mw.out</userinput>
Script started, output file is /var/tmp/mw.out
&prompt.root; <userinput>make TARGET</userinput>
<emphasis>&hellip; ìåôáãëþôôéóç, ìåôáãëþôôéóç, ìåôáãëþôôéóç &hellip;</emphasis>
&prompt.root; <userinput>exit</userinput>
Script done, &hellip;</screen>

	<para>Áí áðïöáóßóåôå íá áðïèçêåýóåôå ôçí Ýîïäï,
	  <emphasis>ìç ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå</emphasis> ãéá áõôü ôï óêïðü ôïí
	  êáôÜëïãï <filename>/tmp</filename>.  Ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá áõôïý ôïõ
	  êáôáëüãïõ ðéèáíþò íá äéáãñáöïýí ôçí åðüìåíç öïñÜ ðïõ èá åêêéíÞóåôå
	  ôï óýóôçìá óáò.  ¸íáò êáëýôåñïò êáôÜëïãïò ãéá ôçí áðïèÞêåõóç ôïõ
	  åßíáé ï <filename>/var/tmp</filename> (üðùò óôï ðñïçãïýìåíï
	  ðáñÜäåéãìá) Þ ï ðñïóùðéêüò êáôÜëïãïò ôïõ
	  <username>root</username>.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="make-buildworld">
	<title>Ìåôáãëùôôßóôå ôï Âáóéêü Óýóôçìá</title>

	<para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá âñßóêåóôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	  <filename>/usr/src</filename>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput></screen>

	<para>(åêôüò áí öõóéêÜ Ý÷åôå áðïèçêåýóåé ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá óå êÜðïéï
	  Üëëï êáôÜëïãï, ïðüôå áðëþò ìåôáêéíçèåßôå óå áõôüí).</para>
	<indexterm><primary><command>make</command></primary></indexterm>

	<para>Ãéá íá åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå
	  ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.make.1;.  Ç åíôïëÞ áõôÞ äéáâÜæåé ôéò ó÷åôéêÝò
	  ïäçãßåò áðü ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>Makefile</filename>, ôï ïðïßï
	  ðåñéãñÜöåé ìå ðïéï ôñüðï ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáãëùôôéóôïýí ôá ðñïãñÜììáôá
	  áðü ôá ïðïßá áðïôåëåßôáé ôï &os;, ôç óåéñÜ ìå ôçí ïðïßá ðñÝðåé íá
	  ãßíåé ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ê.ï.ê.</para>

	<para>Ç ãåíéêÞ ìïñöÞ ôçò åíôïëÞò ðïõ èá ðëçêôñïëïãÞóåôå åßíáé ç
	  ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make -<replaceable>x</replaceable> -D<replaceable>VARIABLE</replaceable> <replaceable>target</replaceable></userinput></screen>

	<para>Óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá áõôü, ôï
	  <option>-<replaceable>x</replaceable></option> áíôéðñïóùðåýåé ìéá
	  åðéëïãÞ ðïõ èÝëåôå íá äþóåôå óôçí &man.make.1;.  Äåßôå ôçí óåëßäá
	  manual ôïõ &man.make.1; ãéá ðáñáäåßãìáôá äõíáôþí åðéëïãþí.</para>

	<para>Ç åðéëïãÞ <option>-D<replaceable>VARIABLE</replaceable></option>
	  ðåñíÜåé ìéá ìåôáâëçôÞ óôï <filename>Makefile</filename>.
	  Ç óõìðåñéöïñÜ ôïõ <filename>Makefile</filename> åëÝã÷åôáé áðü
	  ôÝôïéïõ åßäïõò ìåôáâëçôÝò.  Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ôéò ßäéåò ìåôáâëçôÝò ðïõ
	  êáèïñßæïíôáé êáé óôï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>, êáé áõôüò
	  åßíáé Ýíáò áêüìá ôñüðïò êáèïñéóìïý ôïõò.</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make -DNO_PROFILE <replaceable>target</replaceable></userinput></screen>

	<para>Ôï ðáñáðÜíù äåß÷íåé Ýíá åðéðëÝïí ôñüðï íá êáèïñßóåôå üôé äåí
	  èÝëåôå íá ìåôáãëùôôéóôïýí ïé âéâëéïèÞêåò ìå ðëçñïöïñßåò profiling,
	  êáé áíôéóôïé÷åß ìå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ óôï
	  <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>:</para>

	<programlisting>NO_PROFILE=    true 	#    Avoid compiling profiled libraries</programlisting>

	<para>Ôï <replaceable>target</replaceable> äçëþíåé óôï &man.make.1;
	  ôé èÝëåôå íá êÜíåôå.  Óå êÜèå <filename>Makefile</filename> ïñßæåôáé
	  Ýíáò áñéèìüò äéáöïñåôéêþí <quote>targets</quote>, êáé ç åðéëïãÞ ðïõ
	  èá êÜíåôå, êáèïñßæåé ôé áêñéâþò èá ãßíåé.</para>

	<para>ÊÜðïéá áðü ôá targets ðïõ êáèïñßæïíôáé óôï
	  <filename>Makefile</filename>, äåí ðñïïñßæïíôáé ãéá Üìåóç åêôÝëåóç
	  áðü ôï ÷ñÞóôç.  Áíôß ãéá áõôü, ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé áðü ôç äéáäéêáóßá
	  ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ãéá íá ìïéñáóôåß ï áñéèìüò ôùí âçìÜôùí ðïõ áðáéôïýíôáé
	  ãéá ôç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò, óå Ýíá áñéèìü
	  õðo-âçìÜôùí.</para>

	<para>Óôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðåñéðôþóåéò äåí èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá äþóåôå êáìßá
	  ðáñÜìåôñï óôï &man.make.1;, êáé Ýôóé ç åíôïëÞ óáò èá ìïéÜæåé ìå ôçí
	  ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make <replaceable>target</replaceable></userinput></screen>

	<para>¼ðïõ ôï <replaceable>target</replaceable> èá åßíáé ìéá áðü ôéò
	  ðïëëÝò åðéëïãÝò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.  Ôï ðñþôï target èá ðñÝðåé ðÜíôá íá
	  åßíáé ôï <makevar>buildworld</makevar>.</para>

	<para>¼ðùò åííïåßôáé êáé áðü ôï üíïìá, ôï
	  <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> ìåôáãëùôôßæåé Ýíá ðëÞñåò äÝíôñï
	  ìÝóá óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/usr/obj</filename>, åíþ ôï
	  <maketarget>installworld</maketarget>, åãêáèéóôÜ áõôü ôï äÝíôñï óôï
	  ôñÝ÷ïí ìç÷Üíçìá.</para>

	<para>Ç ýðáñîç äéáöïñåôéêþí åðéëïãþí, åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìç ãéá äýï ëüãïõò.
	  Ðñþôá áðü üëá, óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôç äéáäéêáóßá
	  ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ìå áóöÜëåéá, ãíùñßæïíôáò üôé äåí ðñüêåéôáé íá
	  åðçñåáóôåß êáíÝíá ôìÞìá ôïõ ôñÝ÷ïíôïò óõóôÞìáôïò óáò.  Ç äéáäéêáóßá
	  ìåôáãëþôôéóçò åßíáé <quote>self hosted</quote>, áðïìïíùìÝíç áðü ôçí
	  õðüëïéðç ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ ìç÷áíÞìáôïò.  Ìðïñåßôå Ýôóé íá åêôåëÝóåôå
	  ôï <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> óå Ýíá ìç÷Üíçìá ðïõ âñßóêåôáé
	  óå êáíïíéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá (ðïëëáðëþí ÷ñçóôþí) ÷ùñßò íá õðÜñ÷åé öüâïò
	  ðáñåíåñãåéþí.  Ùóôüóï, óõíßóôáôáé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï
	  <maketarget>installworld</maketarget> óå êáôÜóôáóç ëåéôïõñãßáò
	  åíüò ÷ñÞóôç.</para>

	<para>Ï äåýôåñïò ëüãïò åßíáé üôé óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
	  ðñïóáñôÞóåéò NFS ãéá íá áíáâáèìßóåôå ðïëëÜ ìç÷áíÞìáôá ôïõ äéêôýïõ
	  óáò.  Áí Ý÷åôå ôñßá ìç÷áíÞìáôá, ôá
	  <hostid>A</hostid>, <hostid>B</hostid> êáé <hostid>C</hostid>
	  ôá ïðïßá èÝëåôå íá áíáâáèìßóåôå, åêôåëÝóôå ôï
	  <command>make buildworld</command> êáé ôï
	  <command>make installworld</command> óôï ìç÷Üíçìá
	  <hostid>A</hostid>.  Ôï <hostid>B</hostid> êáé ôï
	  <hostid>C</hostid> ìðïñïýí íá ðñïóáñôÞóïõí ôïí êáôÜëïãï
	  <filename>/usr/src</filename> êáé ôïí
	  <filename>/usr/obj</filename> áðü ôïí <hostid>A</hostid> ìÝóù NFS,
	  êáé Ýðåéôá ìðïñåßôå íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï
	  <command>make installworld</command> ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï
	  Ýôïéìï ðëÝïí óýóôçìá óôïí <hostid>B</hostid> êáé
	  <hostid>C</hostid>.</para>

	<para>Áí êáé õðÜñ÷åé áêüìá ôï target <maketarget>world</maketarget>,
	  äåí óõíßóôáôáé ðëÝïí ç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ.</para>

	<para>ÅêôåëÝóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make buildworld</userinput></screen>

	<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá êáèïñßóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-j</option> óôçí
	  <command>make</command> þóôå íá åêôåëåóôåß óå ðïëëáðëÝò äéåñãáóßåò.
	  Áõôü åßíáé ðåñéóóüôåñï ÷ñÞóéìï óå ìç÷áíÞìáôá ìå ðïëëïýò
	  åðåîåñãáóôÝò, ùóôüóï êáèþò ôï ìåãáëýôåñï ìÝñïò ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò
	  ìåôáãëþôôéóçò êáèõóôåñåß åîáéôßáò ôïõ óêëçñïý äßóêïõ (IO bound)
	  êáé ü÷é ôçò CPU, ìðïñåß íá óáò öáíåß ÷ñÞóéìï áêüìá êáé óå ìç÷áíÞìáôá
	  ìå Ýíá åðåîåñãáóôÞ.</para>

	<para>Óå Ýíá ôõðéêü ìç÷Üíçìá ìå ìéá CPU, èá ìðïñïýóáôå íá
	  äþóåôå:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make -j4 buildworld</userinput></screen>

	<para>Ìå ôçí ðáñáðÜíù åíôïëÞ, ôï &man.make.1; èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ìÝ÷ñé
	  4 äéåñãáóßåò êÜèå ÷ñïíéêÞ óôéãìÞ.  Áðü ôçí åìðåéñßá ðïõ Ý÷ïõìå
	  êáé áðü üôé áíáöÝñïõí ïé ÷ñÞóôåò óôéò ëßóôåò, öáßíåôáé üôé ç
	  ñýèìéóç áõôÞ äßíåé ãåíéêÜ ôçí êáëýôåñç áðüäïóç.</para>

	<para>Áí Ý÷åôå ìç÷Üíçìá ìå ðïëëïýò åðåîåñãáóôÝò, êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå
	  ðõñÞíá ìå äõíáôüôçôá SMP, äïêéìÜóôå ôéìÝò ìåôáîý ôïõ 6 êáé ôïõ 10
	  ãéá íá äåßôå ðïéá åðéôá÷ýíåé êáëýôåñá ôï áðïôÝëåóìá.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>×ñüíïò Ìåôáãëþôôéóçò</title>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary>rebuilding <quote>world</quote></primary>
	  <secondary>timings</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>Ï ÷ñüíïò ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé ãéá ôçí ìåôáãëþôôéóç åðçñåÜæåôáé áðü
	  ðïëëïýò ðáñÜãïíôåò.  Ùóôüóï, óå óýã÷ñïíá ìç÷áíÞìáôá ç äéáäéêáóßá
	  äåí êñáôÜåé óõíÞèùò ðáñáðÜíù áðü ìßá Þ äýï þñåò, üôáí ãßíåôáé
	  ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ äÝíôñïõ &os.stable;, êáé ìÜëéóôá ÷ùñßò íá
	  ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ãßíïõí åéäéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò Þ êüëðá.  Ôï äÝíôñï
	  &os.current; ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ãåíéêÜ ëßãï ðåñéóóüôåñï ÷ñüíï ãéá íá
	  ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="new-kernel">
      <title>Ìåôáãëùôôßóôå êáé ÅãêáôáóôÞóôå ÍÝï ÐõñÞíá</title>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>kernel</primary>
	<secondary>compiling</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>Ãéá íá åêìåôáëëåõèåßôå ðëÞñùò ôï íÝï óáò óýóôçìá, èá ðñÝðåé íá
	åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá.  Áõôü åßíáé ðñáêôéêÜ áíáãêáßï, êáèþò
	êÜðïéåò äïìÝò óôç ìíÞìç ðéèáíþò íá Ý÷ïõí áëëÜîåé, êáé Ýôóé
	ðñïãñÜììáôá üðùò ôá &man.ps.1; êáé &man.top.1; äåí èá ëåéôïõñãïýí
	óùóôÜ ìÝ÷ñé íá óõã÷ñïíßóåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá ìå ôçí Ýêäïóç ðçãáßïõ
	êþäéêá ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò.</para>

      <para>Ï áðëïýóôåñïò êáé ðëÝïí áóöáëÞò ôñüðïò, åßíáé íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå
	êáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå Ýíá ðõñÞíá âáóéóìÝíï óôïí
	<filename>GENERIC</filename>.  Áí êáé ï <filename>GENERIC</filename>
	ìðïñåß íá ìçí ðåñéÝ÷åé üëåò ôéò áðáñáßôçôåò óõóêåõÝò ãéá ôï óýóôçìá
	óáò, èá ðñÝðåé íá ðåñéÝ÷åé üôé ÷ñåéÜæåôáé þóôå íá îåêéíÞóåôå îáíÜ
	ôï óýóôçìá óáò óå êáôÜóôáóç ëåéôïõñãßáò åíüò ÷ñÞóôç.  Áõôü åßíáé Ýíá
	êáëü ôåóô óùóôÞò ëåéôïõñãßáò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.  ÌåôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç ìå
	ôïí <filename>GENERIC</filename>, êáé áöïý åðáëçèåýóåôå ôç óùóôÞ
	ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò, ìðïñåßôå íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå Ýíá íÝï
	ðõñÞíá âáóéóìÝíï óôï äéêü óáò ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí.</para>

      <para>Óôï &os; åßíáé óçìáíôéêü íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï <link
	linkend="make-buildworld">build world</link> ðñéí ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå íÝï
	ðõñÞíá.</para>

      <note><para>Áí èÝëåôå íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå íÝï ðõñÞíá, êáé Ý÷åôå Þäç Ýíá
	áñ÷åßï ìå ðñïóáñìïóìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå áðëþò ôçí åðéëïãÞ
	<literal>KERNCONF=<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></literal>
	ìå ôïí ôñüðï ðïõ öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make buildkernel KERNCONF=<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make installkernel KERNCONF=<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput></screen>
      </note>

      <para>Óçìåéþóôå üôé áí Ý÷åôå áíåâÜóåé ôçí ôéìÞ ôïõ
	<literal>kern.securelevel</literal> ðÜíù áðü ôï 1,
	<emphasis>êáé</emphasis> Ý÷åôå èÝóåé ôï flag
	<literal>noschg</literal> Þ êÜðïéï áíôßóôïé÷ï óôï åêôåëÝóéìï áñ÷åßï
	ôïõ ðõñÞíá, ìÜëëïí èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ìåôáâåßôå óå êáôÜóôáóç ëåéôïõñãßáò
	åíüò ÷ñÞóôç ãéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï
	<maketarget>installkernel</maketarget>.  ÄéáöïñåôéêÜ, ìðïñåßôå íá
	åêôåëÝóåôå êáé ôéò äýï áõôÝò åíôïëÝò áðü ôçí êáíïíéêÞ êáôÜóôáóç
	ëåéôïõñãßáò (ðïëëþí ÷ñçóôþí) ÷ùñßò íá äçìéïõñãçèïýí ðñïâëÞìáôá.
	Äåßôå ôç óåëßäá manual ôïõ &man.init.8; ãéá ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå
	ôç ñýèìéóç <literal>kern.securelevel</literal> êáé ôç óåëßäá
	ôïõ &man.chflags.1; ãéá ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôá äéÜöïñá flags
	ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé óå áñ÷åßá.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="new-kernel-singleuser">
      <title>ÅðáíåêêéíÞóôå óå ÊáôÜóôáóç Ëåéôïõñãßáò Åíüò ×ñÞóôç</title>
      <indexterm><primary>single-user mode</primary></indexterm>

      <para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå óå êáôÜóôáóç ëåéôïõñãßáò åíüò ÷ñÞóôç
	ãéá íá åðáëçèåýóåôå ôç ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ íÝïõ ðõñÞíá.  Ãéá ôï óêïðü
	áõôü, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôéò ïäçãßåò ðïõ åßäáìå óôï
	<xref linkend="makeworld-singleuser"/>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="make-installworld">
      <title>ÅãêáôáóôÞóôå ôá ÍÝá ÅêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ ÓõóôÞìáôïò</title>

      <para>Èá ðñÝðåé ôþñá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï
	<maketarget>installworld</maketarget> ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôá íÝá
	åêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.</para>

      <para>ÅêôåëÝóôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make installworld</userinput></screen>

      <note>
	<para>Áí Ý÷åôå êáèïñßóåé ìåôáâëçôÝò óôç ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí ôïõ
	  <command>make buildworld</command> èá ðñÝðåé íá êáèïñßóåôå ôéò
	  ßäéåò ìåôáâëçôÝò êáé óôçí ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí ôïõ
	  <command>make installworld</command>.  Áõôü äåí åßíáé áðáñáßôçôá
	  áëÞèåéá ãéá Üëëåò åðéëïãÝò.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ç åðéëïãÞ
	  <option>-j</option> äåí ðñÝðåé ðïôÝ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ìå ôï
	  <maketarget>installworld</maketarget>.</para>

	<para>Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá áí åêôåëÝóåôå:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make -DNO_PROFILE buildworld</userinput></screen>

	<para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï áðïôÝëåóìá ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make -DNO_PROFILE installworld</userinput></screen>

	<para>äéáöïñåôéêÜ ôï &man.make.1; èá ðñïóðáèÞóåé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåé
	  âéâëéïèÞêåò ìå profiling, ôéò ïðïßåò üìùò äåí ìåôáãëùôôßóáôå êáôÜ
	  ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò öÜóçò <command>make buildworld</command>.</para>
      </note>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="post-installworld-updates">
      <title>Åíçìåñþóôå ¼óá Áñ÷åßá äåí Åíçìåñþèçêáí áðü ôï
	<command>make installworld</command></title>

      <para>Ç åðáíáìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò äåí èá åíçìåñþóåé
	ïñéóìÝíïõò êáôáëüãïõò (åéäéêüôåñá ôïõò
	<filename>/etc</filename>, <filename>/var</filename> êáé
	<filename>/usr</filename>) ìå ôá íÝá Þ áëëáãìÝíá áñ÷åßá
	ñõèìßóåùí.</para>

      <para>Ï áðëïýóôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá åíçìåñþóåôå ôá áñ÷åßá áõôÜ åßíáé íá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï &man.mergemaster.8;, áí êáé ìðïñåßôå íá ôï êÜíåôå
	êáé ÷åéñïêßíçôá áí ðñïôéìÜôå.  ¶ó÷åôá áðü ôïí ôñüðï ðïõ èá
	ðñïôéìÞóåôå, âåâáéùèåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå ðÜñåé áíôßãñáöï áóöáëåßáò ôïõ
	<filename>/etc</filename> óå ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ êÜôé ðÜåé óôñáâÜ.</para>

    <sect3 id="mergemaster">
      <sect3info>
	<authorgroup>
	  <author>
	    <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	    <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	    <contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
	  </author>
	</authorgroup>
      </sect3info>

      <title><command>mergemaster</command></title>
      <indexterm><primary><command>mergemaster</command></primary></indexterm>

      <para>Ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá &man.mergemaster.8; åßíáé Ýíá Bourne
	script ôï ïðïßï èá óáò âïçèÞóåé íá êáèïñßóåôå ôéò äéáöïñÝò ìåôáîý
	ôùí åãêáôåóôçìÝíùí óôï <filename>/etc</filename> áñ÷åßùí ñõèìßóåùí,
	êáé ôùí áíôßóôïé÷ùí óôï äÝíôñï ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá óôï
	<filename>/usr/src/etc</filename>.  ÁõôÞ åßíáé êáé ç óõíéóôþìåíç
	ëýóç ãéá íá åíçìåñþóåôå ôá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò ìå ôõ÷üí
	áëëáãÝò ðïõ Ý÷ïõí ãßíåé óôïí íÝï ðçãáßï êþäéêá.</para>

      <para>Ãéá íá îåêéíÞóåôå, áðëþò ãñÜøôå <command>mergemaster</command>
	óôçí ðñïôñïðÞ ôçò ãñáììÞò åíôïëþí êáé ðáñáêïëïõèÞóôå ôçí êáèþò
	ëåéôïõñãåß.  Ôï <command>mergemaster</command> èá äçìéïõñãÞóåé Ýíá
	ðñïóùñéíü ðåñéâÜëëïí root, áðü ôï <filename>/</filename> êáé êÜôù,
	êáé èá ôï ãåìßóåé ìå äéÜöïñá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.  ¸ðåéôá
	èá ãßíåé óýãêñéóç áõôþí ôùí áñ÷åßùí ìå ôá áíôßóôïé÷á ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé
	Þäç åãêáôåóôçìÝíá óôï óýóôçìá óáò.  Óôï óçìåßï áõôü, èá óáò äåßîåé
	ôá áñ÷åßá ðïõ äéáöÝñïõí ìå ìïñöÞ &man.diff.1;, üðïõ ïé ãñáììÝò ðïõ
	Ý÷ïõí ôñïðïðïéçèåß Þ åßíáé íÝåò èá öáßíïíôáé ìå Ýíá
	<option>+</option>, åíþ ìå ôï <option>-</option> èá öáßíïíôáé ïé
	ãñáììÝò ðïõ åßôå áöáéñïýíôáé åíôåëþò Þ ðïõ áíôéêáèßóôáíôáé áðü ìéá
	íÝá ãñáììÞ.  Äåßôå ôç óåëßäá manual ôïõ &man.diff.1; ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò
	ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôç óýíôáîç ôïõ &man.diff.1; êáé ãéá ôïí ôñüðï
	ìå ôïí ïðïßï öáßíïíôáé ïé äéáöïñÝò ìåôáîý ôùí áñ÷åßùí.</para>

      <para>Ôï &man.mergemaster.8; èá óáò äåßîåé Ýðåéôá êÜèå áñ÷åßï ðïõ
	ðáñïõóéÜæåé äéáöïñÝò, êáé óôï óçìåßï áõôü èá Ý÷åôå ôçí äõíáôüôçôá
	åßôå íá äéáãñÜøåôå ôï íÝï áñ÷åßï (ôï ïðïßï áíáöÝñåôáé ùò ðñïóùñéíü
	áñ÷åßï), åßôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï ðñïóùñéíü áñ÷åßï ÷ùñßò íá êÜíåôå
	óå áõôü êáìéÜ áëëáãÞ, åßôå íá óõã÷ùíåýóåôå ôéò áëëáãÝò ôùí äýï
	áñ÷åßùí, Þ ôÝëïò íá îáíáäåßôå ôéò äéáöïñÝò ìÝóù ôçò
	&man.diff.1;.</para>

      <para>Áí åðéëÝîåôå íá äéáãñÜøåôå ôï ðñïóùñéíü áñ÷åßï, ôï
	&man.mergemaster.8; èá êáôáëÜâåé üôé åðéèõìåßôå íá äéáôçñÞóåôå ôï
	ôñÝ÷ïí áñ÷åßï óáò ÷ùñßò áëëáãÝò, êáé íá äéáãñÜøåôå ôç íÝá Ýêäïóç.
	Ç åðéëïãÞ áõôÞ ãåíéêÜ äåí óõíßóôáôáé, åêôüò áí äåí âëÝðåôå êáíÝíá
	ëüãï íá áëëÜîåôå ôï ôñÝ÷ïí áñ÷åßï.  Ìðïñåßôå íá äåßôå âïÞèåéá
	ïðïéáäÞðïôå óôéãìÞ êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò, ðëçêôñïëïãþíôáò
	<keycap>?</keycap> óôçí ðñïôñïðÞ ôïõ &man.mergemaster.8;.  Áí
	áðïöáóßóåôå íá ðáñáëåßøåôå êÜðïéï áñ÷åßï, áõôü èá åìöáíéóôåß
	îáíÜ ìåôÜ ôï ôÝëïò üëùí ôùí Üëëùí áñ÷åßùí.</para>

      <para>Áí åðéëÝîåôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï ðñïóùñéíü áñ÷åßï ÷ùñßò áëëáãÝò,
	áõôü èá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåé ôï Þäç åãêáôåóôçìÝíï óáò áñ÷åßï.  ÁõôÞ åßíáé
	êáé ç êáëýôåñç åðéëïãÞ ãéá ôá áñ÷åßá ôá ïðïßá äåí Ý÷åôå áëëÜîåé
	åóåßò ÷åéñïêßíçôá.</para>

      <para>Áí åðéëÝîåôå íá óõã÷ùíåýóåôå ôá äýï áñ÷åßá, èá åìöáíéóôåß Ýíáò
	åðåîåñãáóôÞò êåéìÝíïõ ìå ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá êáé ôùí äýï áñ÷åßùí.
	Ìðïñåßôå ôþñá íá ôá óõã÷ùíåýóåôå ðáñáôçñþíôáò ôáõôü÷ñïíá êáé ôá äýï
	áñ÷åßá äßðëá-äßðëá, êáé åðéëÝãïíôáò ôìÞìáôá êáé áðü ôá äýï ãéá íá
	äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ôçí ôåëéêÞ Ýêäïóç.  ÊáôÜ ôç óýãêñéóç áõôÞ, ìðïñåßôå íá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï ðëÞêôñï <keycap>l</keycap> ãéá íá åðéëÝîåôå ôá
	ðåñéå÷üìåíá ðïõ öáßíïíôáé óôçí áñéóôåñÞ ðëåõñÜ, Þ ôï
	<keycap>r</keycap> ãéá ôá áíôßóôïé÷á ðåñéå÷üìåíá óôç äåîéÜ.
	Ôï ôåëéêü áðïôÝëåóìá èá åßíáé Ýíá áñ÷åßï ðïõ èá áðïôåëåßôáé áðü
	ôìÞìáôá êáé ôùí äýï áñ÷åßùí, êáé ôï ïðïßï ìðïñåßôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå.
	Ç åðéëïãÞ áõôÞ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óõíÞèùò ãéá áñ÷åßá ôùí ïðïßùí ôï
	ðåñéå÷üìåíï Ý÷åé ìåôáâëçèåß áðü ôï ÷ñÞóôç.</para>

      <para>Áí åðéëÝîåôå íá äåßôå îáíÜ ôéò äéáöïñÝò ìÝóù ôçò &man.diff.1;,
	áõôÝò èá åìöáíéóôïýí áêñéâþò üðùò Ýãéíå êáé ðñéí
	óáò ñùôÞóåé ôï &man.mergemaster.8; íá åðéëÝîåôå ôé èÝëåôå íá êÜíåôå
	ìå ôï áñ÷åßï.</para>

      <para>Ìüëéò ïëïêëçñùèåß ç ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ &man.mergemaster.8; óôá áñ÷åßá
	óõóôÞìáôïò, èá óáò ñùôÞóåé ãéá Üëëåò åðéëïãÝò.
	Ôï &man.mergemaster.8; ßóùò óáò ñùôÞóåé áí èÝëåôå íá áíáäçìéïõñãÞóåôå
	ôï áñ÷åßï ôùí êùäéêþí (password file), êáé èá ôåëåéþóåé äßíïíôáò óáò
	ôçí åðéëïãÞ íá äéáãñÜøåôå ôõ÷üí ðñïóùñéíÜ áñ÷åßá ðïõ äçìéïõñãÞèçêáí
	êáôÜ ôçí äéáäéêáóßá.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>×åéñïêßíçôç ÅíçìÝñùóç</title>

      <para>Áí åðéèõìåßôå íá êÜíåôå ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ÷åéñïêßíçôá, äåí ìðïñåßôå
	áðëþò íá áíôéãñÜøåôå ôá áñ÷åßá áðü ôïí êáôÜëïãï
	<filename>/usr/src/etc</filename> óôïí <filename>/etc</filename> êáé
	íá ðåñéìÝíåôå üôé ôï óýóôçìá óáò èá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé óùóôÜ.  ÊÜðïéá áðü
	áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá èá ðñÝðåé íá <quote>åãêáôáóôáèïýí</quote> ðñþôá.  Áõôü
	óõìâáßíåé åðåéäÞ ï êáôÜëïãïò <filename>/usr/src/etc</filename>
	<emphasis>äåí åßíáé</emphasis> êáíïíéêü áíôßãñáöï ôïõ
	<filename>/etc</filename>.  Åðéðñüóèåôá, õðÜñ÷ïõí áñ÷åßá ôá ïðïßá
	ðñÝðåé íá âñßóêïíôáé óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/etc</filename>, áëëÜ
	äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí óôïí <filename>/usr/src/etc</filename>.</para>

      <para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï &man.mergemaster.8; (üðùò êáé óõíßóôáôáé),
	ìðïñåßôå íá äéáâÜóåôå êáôåõèåßáí ôçí <link
	  linkend="updating-upgrading-rebooting">åðüìåíç åíüôçôá</link>.</para>

      <para>Ï áðëïýóôåñïò ôñüðïò íá ôï êÜíåôå áõôü ÷åéñïêßíçôá, åßíáé íá
	åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôá áñ÷åßá óå Ýíá íÝï êáôÜëïãï, êáé Ýðåéôá íá ôá
	åîåôÜóåôå Ýíá-Ýíá øÜ÷íïíôáò ãéá ôéò áëëáãÝò.</para>

      <warning>
	<title>ÊñáôÞóôå ¸íá Áíôßãñáöï Áóöáëåßáò ôïõ Êáôáëüãïõ
	  <filename>/etc</filename></title>

	<para>Áí êáé èåùñçôéêÜ, ôßðïôá äåí ðñüêåéôáé íá ðåéñÜîåé áõôü ôïí
	  êáôÜëïãï áõôüìáôá, åßíáé ðÜíôá êáëýôåñá íá åßìáóôå óßãïõñïé.
	  Ãéá ôï ëüãï áõôü, áíôéãñÜøôå ôïí õðÜñ÷ïíôá êáôÜëïãï
	  <filename>/etc</filename> óå êÜðïéï áóöáëÝò ìÝñïò.  ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå
	  ìéá åíôïëÞ üðùò ç ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp -Rp /etc /etc.old</userinput></screen>

	<para>Ç åðéëïãÞ <option>-R</option> ðñáãìáôïðïéåß áíáäñïìéêÞ
	  áíôéãñáöÞ, åíþ ç <option>-p</option> äéáôçñåß ôá äéêáéþìáôá, ôçí
	  éäéïêôçóßá, ôéò çìåñïìçíßåò ôùí áñ÷åßùí, ê.ï.ê.</para>
      </warning>

      <para>èá ðñÝðåé íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ìéá øåõôï-äïìÞ êáôáëüãùí ãéá íá
	åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï íÝï êáôÜëïãï <filename>/etc</filename> êáé Üëëá
	áñ÷åßá.  Ìéá ëïãéêÞ åðéëïãÞ åßíáé ï êáôÜëïãïò
	<filename>/var/tmp/root</filename>, êáé êÜôù áðü áõôüí, èá ðñÝðåé
	åðßóçò íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå êáé ìéá ïëüêëçñç óåéñÜ áðü ôïõò õðïêáôáëüãïõò
	ðïõ áðáéôïýíôáé.</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /var/tmp/root</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/etc</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make DESTDIR=/var/tmp/root distrib-dirs distribution</userinput></screen>

      <para>Ïé ðáñáðÜíù åíôïëÝò èá äçìéïõñãÞóïõí ôçí áðáéôïýìåíç äïìÞ
	êáôáëüãùí êáé èá åãêáôáóôÞóïõí ôá áñ÷åßá.  ÌåãÜëï ìÝñïò ôùí
	õðïêáôáëüãùí ðïõ Ý÷ïõí äçìéïõñãçèåß êÜôù áðü ôïí
	<filename>/var/tmp/root</filename> åßíáé Üäåéïé, êáé ðñÝðåé íá
	äéáãñáöïýí.  Ï áðëïýóôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá ãßíåé áõôü, öáßíåôáé
	ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /var/tmp/root</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>find -d . -type d | xargs rmdir 2&gt;/dev/null</userinput></screen>

      <para>Áõôü èá äéáãñÜøåé üëïõò ôïõò Üäåéïõò õðïêáôáëüãïõò.  (Ç Ýîïäïò
	óöÜëìáôïò áíáêáôåõèýíåôáé óôï <filename>/dev/null</filename> þóôå
	íá ìçí åìöáíßæïíôáé óôçí ïèüíç ðñïåéäïðïéÞóåéò ãéá êáôáëüãïõò ðïõ
	äåí åßíáé Üäåéïé.)</para>

      <para>Ôþñá, ï <filename>/var/tmp/root</filename> ðåñéÝ÷åé üëá ôá áñ÷åßá
	ðïõ èá ðñÝðåé íá ôïðïèåôçèïýí óå êáôÜëëçëåò èÝóåéò êÜôù áðü ôïí
	<filename>/</filename>.  Èá ðñÝðåé ôþñá íá äéáôñÝîåôå êáèÝíá áðü
	áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá, êáé íá êáèïñßóåôå ðùò êáèÝíá áðü áõôÜ äéáöÝñåé áðü
	ôï áíôßóôïé÷ï õðÜñ÷ïí (åãêáôåóôçìÝíï) áñ÷åßï.</para>

      <para>Óçìåéþóôå üôé êÜðïéá áðü ôá áñ÷åßá ôá ïðïßá Ý÷ïõí
	åãêáôáóôáèåß óôïí <filename>/var/tmp/root</filename> Ý÷ïõí ìéá
	áñ÷éêÞ <quote>.</quote>.  Ôç óôéãìÞ ðïõ ãñÜöïíôáé áõôÝò ïé ãñáììÝò,
	ôá ìüíá áñ÷åßá óôá ïðïßá óõìâáßíåé áõôü åßíáé ôá áñ÷åßá åêêßíçóçò
	ôïõ êåëýöïõò óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/var/tmp/root/</filename> êáé
	<filename>/var/tmp/root/root/</filename>, áí êáé ìðïñåß íá õðÜñ÷ïõí
	êáé Üëëá (áíÜëïãá ìå ôï ðüôå äéáâÜæåôå ôï êåßìåíï).  Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé
	÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>ls -a</command> ãéá íá ôá äåßôå
	üëá.</para>

      <para>Ï áðëïýóôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá óõãêñßíåôå äýï áñ÷åßá, åßíáé íá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.diff.1;:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>diff /etc/shells /var/tmp/root/etc/shells</userinput></screen>

      <para>Ç ðáñáðÜíù åíôïëÞ èá óáò äåßîåé ôéò äéáöïñÝò ìåôáîý ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ
	<filename>/etc/shells</filename> êáé ôïõ íÝïõ áñ÷åßïõ
	<filename>/var/tmp/root/etc/shells</filename>.  ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôéò
	äéáöïñÝò áõôÝò ãéá íá áðïöáóßóåôå áí èá ðñÝðåé íá óõã÷ùíåýóåôå ôéò
	áëëáãÝò ðïõ Ý÷åôå êÜíåé, Þ áðëþò íá áíôéãñÜøåôå ôï ðáëéü óáò áñ÷åßï
	ðÜíù áðü ôï íÝï.</para>

      <tip>
	<title>ÐñïóèÝóôå ôçí Çìåñïìçíßá óôï ¼íïìá ôïõ ÍÝïõ Root Êáôáëüãïõ,
	  (<filename>/var/tmp/root</filename>) ¿óôå íá Ìðïñåßôå Åýêïëá íá
	  Óõãêñßíåôå ÄéáöïñåôéêÝò Åêäüóåéò Ìåôáîý ôïõò</title>

	<para>Áí ìåôáãëùôôßæåôå óõ÷íÜ ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá, èá ðñÝðåé åðßóçò
	  íá åíçìåñþíåôå óõ÷íÜ ôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/etc</filename>, ôï
	  ïðïßï ìðïñåß íá åßíáé åíï÷ëçôéêü.</para>

	<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá åðéôá÷ýíåôå áõôÞ ôç äéáäéêáóßá, ôçñþíôáò Ýíá
	  áíôßãñáöï ôïõ ôåëåõôáßïõ óåô áëëáãìÝíùí áñ÷åßùí ôá ïðïßá
	  óõã÷ùíåýóáôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/etc</filename>.  Ç ðáñáêÜôù
	  äéáäéêáóßá èá óáò äþóåé ìéá éäÝá ãéá ôï ðùò ìðïñåß íá
	  ãßíåé áõôü:</para>

	<procedure>
	  <step>
	    <para>Ìåôáãëùôôßóôå ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá üðùò êÜíåôå óõíÞèùò.  ¼ôáí
	      èÝëåôå íá åíçìåñþóåôå ôïí <filename>/etc</filename> êáé ôïõò
	      Üëëïõò êáôáëüãïõò, äþóôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï ðñïïñéóìïý Ýíá üíïìá
	      âáóéóìÝíï óôçí ôñÝ÷ïõóá çìåñïìçíßá.  Áí ôï êÜíáôå áõôü
	      óôéò 14 Öåâñïõáñßïõ 1998, èá ãñÜöáôå êÜôé óáí ôï
	      ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /var/tmp/root-19980214</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/etc</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make DESTDIR=/var/tmp/root-19980214 \
    distrib-dirs distribution</userinput></screen>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>Óõã÷ùíåýóôå ôéò áëëáãÝò áðü áõôü ôïí êáôÜëïãï, ìå ôïí ôñüðï
	      ðïõ ðåñéãñÜøáìå ðáñáðÜíù.</para>

	    <para><emphasis>Ìçí äéáãñÜøåôå</emphasis> ôïí êáôÜëïãï
	      <filename>/var/tmp/root-19980214</filename> üôáí ôåëåéþóåôå
	      ìå ôçí ðáñáðÜíù äéáäéêáóßá.</para>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>¼ôáí êáôåâÜóåôå ôçí ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá êáé
	      ôïí ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå îáíÜ, áêïëïõèÞóôå ôï âÞìá 1.  Áõôü èá óáò
	      äþóåé Ýíá êáôÜëïãï ðïõ ìðïñåß íá ïíïìÜæåôáé
	      <filename>/var/tmp/root-19980221</filename> (áí áíÜìåóá óôéò
	      äýï ìåôáãëùôôßóåéò ðáñåìâÜëëåôáé äéÜóôçìá ìéáò
	      åâäïìÜäáò).</para>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>Ìðïñåßôå ôþñá íá äåßôå ôéò äéáöïñÝò ðïõ õðÜñ÷ïõí áíÜìåóá
	      óôéò äýï åâäïìÜäåò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ
	      &man.diff.1; óå áíáäñïìéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá ãéá íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ôéò
	      äéáöïñÝò ìåôáîý ôùí äýï êáôáëüãùí:</para>

	    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /var/tmp</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>diff -r root-19980214 root-19980221</userinput></screen>

	    <para>ÔõðéêÜ, áõôü ôï óåô áëëáãþí èá åßíáé ðïëý ìéêñüôåñï áðü
	      áõôü ìåôáîý ôïõ <filename>/var/tmp/root-19980221/etc</filename>
	      êáé ôïõ <filename>/etc</filename>.  Êáèþò áõôü ôï óåô áëëáãþí
	      åßíáé ìéêñüôåñï, åßíáé êáé ðéï åýêïëï íá åöáñìüóåôå áõôÝò
	      ôéò áëëáãÝò óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/etc</filename>.</para>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>Ìðïñåßôå ôþñá íá äéáãñÜøåôå ôïí ðáëéüôåñï áðü ôïõò äýï
	      êáôáëüãïõò <filename>/var/tmp/root-*</filename>:</para>

	    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rm -rf /var/tmp/root-19980214</userinput></screen>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>ÅðáíáëÜâåôå áõôÞ ôç äéáäéêáóßá êÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ èÝëåôå íá
	      óõã÷ùíåýóåôå ôéò áëëáãÝò óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	      <filename>/etc</filename>.</para>
	  </step>
	</procedure>

	<para>Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.date.1; ãéá
	  íá áõôïìáôïðïéÞóåôå ôçí äçìéïõñãßá ôùí ïíïìÜôùí êáôáëüãùí:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /var/tmp/root-`date "+%Y%m%d"`</userinput></screen>
      </tip>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="updating-upgrading-rebooting">
      <title>Åðáíåêêßíçóç</title>

      <para>Ç äéáäéêáóßá Ý÷åé ðëÝïí ïëïêëçñùèåß.  Áöïý åðáëçèåýóåôå üôé üëá
	âñßóêïíôáé óôéò óùóôÝò èÝóåéò, ìðïñåßôå íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï óýóôçìá.
	Ìéá áðëÞ åíôïëÞ &man.shutdown.8; åßíáé åðáñêÞò:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown -r now</userinput></screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÏëïêëÞñùóç</title>

      <para>¸÷åôå ðëÝïí áíáâáèìßóåé ôï &os; óýóôçìá óáò.  Óõã÷áñçôÞñéá.</para>

      <para>Áí ôá ðñÜãìáôá äåí ðÞãáí åíôåëþò óùóôÜ, åßíáé åýêïëï íá
	ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå îáíÜ ïðïéïäÞðïôå ôìÞìá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.
	Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí äéáãñÜøåôå êáôÜ ëÜèïò ôï
	<filename>/etc/magic</filename> ùò ìÝñïò ìéáò áíáâÜèìéóçò Þ
	óõã÷þíåõóçò ôïõ <filename>/etc</filename>, ç åíôïëÞ &man.file.1;
	èá óôáìáôÞóåé íá ëåéôïõñãåß.  Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ, ç äéüñèùóç åßíáé
	íá åêôåëÝóåôå:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/usr.bin/file</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make all install</userinput></screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="updating-questions">
      <title>ÅñùôÞóåéò</title>

      <qandaset>
	<qandaentry>
	  <question>
	    <para>ÐñÝðåé íá ìåôáãëùôôßóù îáíÜ ïëüêëçñï ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá óå
	      êÜèå áëëáãÞ;</para>
	  </question>

	  <answer>
	    <para>Äåí õðÜñ÷åé åýêïëç áðÜíôçóç óå áõôü ôï åñþôçìá, êáèþò
	      åîáñôÜôáé áðü ôç öýóç ôçò áëëáãÞò.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí
	      åêôåëÝóåôå ôï <application>CVSup</application>, êáé äåßôå üôé
	      åíçìåñþèçêáí ôá ðáñáêÜôù áñ÷åßá:</para>

	    <screen><filename>src/games/cribbage/instr.c</filename>
<filename>src/games/sail/pl_main.c</filename>
<filename>src/release/sysinstall/config.c</filename>
<filename>src/release/sysinstall/media.c</filename>
<filename>src/share/mk/bsd.port.mk</filename></screen>

	    <para>Ôï ðéèáíüôåñï åßíáé üôé äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå
	      îáíÜ üëï ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá.  Ìðïñåßôå áðëþò íá ìåôáâåßôå óôïõò
	      ó÷åôéêïýò õðïêáôáëüãïõò êáé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï
	      <command>make all install</command>, êáé èá Ý÷åôå ôåëåéþóåé.
	      Áí üìùò õðÜñ÷åé êÜðïéá óçìáíôéêÞ áëëáãÞ, ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá ôï
	      <filename>src/lib/libc/stdlib</filename>, èá ðñÝðåé åßôå íá
	      åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá, Þ ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí áõôÜ ôá
	      êïììÜôéá ôá ïðïßá åßíáé óôáôéêÜ óõíäåäåìÝíá (üðùò êáé ïôéäÞðïôå
	      Üëëï Ý÷åôå ðñïóèÝóåé åóåßò êáé ôï ïðïßï åßíáé óôáôéêÜ
	      óõíäåäåìÝíï).</para>

	    <para>ÔåëéêÜ, ç áðüöáóç åßíáé äéêÞ óáò.  Ìðïñåß íá åßóôå
	      éêáíïðïéçìÝíïò áí ìåôáãëùôôßæåôå ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá êÜèå äýï
	      âäïìÜäåò, áöÞíïíôáò ôéò áëëáãÝò íá óõãêåíôñùèïýí óôç äéÜñêåéá
	      áõôïý ôïõ äéáóôÞìáôïò.  ¹ ìðïñåß íá èÝëåôå íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå
	      ìüíï ôéò áëëáãÝò, áí Ý÷åôå ôçí ðåðïßèçóç üôé ìðïñåßôå íá
	      åíôïðßóåôå üëåò ôéò åîáñôÞóåéò ôïõò.</para>

	    <para>Êáé öõóéêÜ, üëá áõôÜ åîáñôþíôáé áðü ôï ðüóï óõ÷íÜ èÝëåôå íá
	      åíçìåñþíåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò, êáé áðü ôï áí áêïëïõèåßôå ôï
	      &os.stable; Þ ôï &os.current;.</para>
	  </answer>
	</qandaentry>

	<qandaentry>
	  <question>
	    <para>Ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ìïõ áðÝôõ÷å ìå ðëÞèïò ìçíõìÜôùí
	      signal 11<indexterm><primary>signal 11</primary></indexterm>
	      (Þ ëÜèç ìå Üëëá óÞìáôá).  Ôé Ý÷åé óõìâåß;</para>
	  </question>

	  <answer>
	    <para>Áõôü óõíÞèùò äåß÷íåé ðñïâëÞìáôá õëéêïý.  Ç äéáäéêáóßá
	      ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò åßíáé Ýíáò áðïôåëåóìáôéêüò
	      ôñüðïò íá äïêéìÜóåôå ôï õëéêü óáò óôá üñéá ôïõ, êáé óõ÷íÜ èá
	      äåßîåé ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôç ìíÞìç.  Ôï ðéï óýíçèåò
	      óýìðôùìá, åßíáé ç áðüôïìç äéáêïðÞ ôçò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò, ìå ôïí
	      ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ íá öáßíåôáé üôé Ý÷åé ëÜâåé êÜðïéï ìõóôçñéþäåò
	      óÞìá.</para>

	    <para>¸íá óßãïõñï óçìÜäé ãéá ôï ðáñáðÜíù, åßíáé íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå
	      ôç äéáäéêáóßá, êáé áõôÞ íá óôáìáôÞóåé óå äéáöïñåôéêü
	      óçìåßï.</para>

	    <para>Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ, äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí êáé ðïëëÜ ðïõ ìðïñåßôå íá
	      êÜíåôå, åêôüò áðü ôï íá áñ÷ßóåôå íá áëëÜæåôå åîáñôÞìáôá óôï
	      ìç÷Üíçìá óáò ìÝ÷ñé íá âñåßôå áõôü ðïõ åßíáé õðáßôéï.</para>
	  </answer>
	</qandaentry>

	<qandaentry>
	  <question>
	    <para>Ìðïñþ íá äéáãñÜøù ôï <filename>/usr/obj</filename> üôáí
	      ôåëåéþóù;</para>
	  </question>

	  <answer>
	    <para>Ç óýíôïìç áðÜíôçóç åßíáé íáé.</para>

	    <para>Ôï <filename>/usr/obj</filename> ðåñéÝ÷åé üëá ôá
	      áíôéêåéìåíéêÜ áñ÷åßá ðïõ ðáñÜãïíôáé êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò
	      ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.  ÓõíÞèùò, Ýíá áðü ôá ðñþôá âÞìáôá óôçí
	      äéáäéêáóßá <command>make buildworld</command> åßíáé ç äéáãñáöÞ
	      áõôïý ôïõ êáôáëüãïõ êáé ç áíáäçìéïõñãßá ôïõ.  Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç
	      áõôÞ, ôï íá êñáôÞóåôå ôïí êáôÜëïãï
	      <filename>/usr/obj</filename> áöïý Ý÷åôå ôåëåéþóåé, äåí Ý÷åé
	      êáé ðïëý íüçìá, åíþ áí ôïí óâÞóåôå èá êåñäßóåôå Ýíá ìåãÜëï
	      êïììÜôé åëåýèåñïõ ÷þñïõ (ôçí ðáñïýóá óôéãìÞ ðåñßðïõ
	      2&nbsp;GB).</para>

	    <para>¼ìùò, áí îÝñåôå ôé êÜíåôå, ìðïñåßôå íá ïäçãÞóåôå ôï
	      <command>make buildworld</command> íá ðáñáëåßøåé áõôü ôï âÞìá.
	      Áõôü èá åðéôá÷ýíåé éäéáßôåñá ôéò íÝåò ìåôáãëùôôßóåéò, êáèþò
	      ôá ðåñéóóüôåñá ôìÞìáôá ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá äåí èá ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé
	      îáíÜ ìåôáãëþôôéóç.  Ôï ìåéïíÝêôçìá åßíáé üôé ïñéóìÝíåò öïñÝò
	      åìöáíßæïíôáé ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ Ý÷ïõí ó÷Ýóç ìå ü÷é êáé ôüóï
	      åìöáíåßò åîáñôÞóåéò, êáé ìðïñåß íá ïäçãÞóïõí óå ìõóôçñéþäç
	      áðïôõ÷ßá ôçò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.  ÔÝôïéá ðñïâëÞìáôá óõ÷íÜ äçìéïõñãïýí
	      <quote>èüñõâï</quote> óôéò ëßóôåò ôïõ &os;, üôáí êÜðïéïò ÷ñÞóôçò
	      ðáñáðïíéÝôáé üôé ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ áðïôõã÷Üíåé, ÷ùñßò íá
	      áíôéëáìâÜíåôáé üôé áõôü ïöåßëåôáé óôçí ðñïóðÜèåéá ôïõ íá
	      óõíôïìåýóåé ôçí äéáäéêáóßá.</para>
	  </answer>
	</qandaentry>

	<qandaentry>
	  <question>
	    <para>Ìðïñþ íá óõíå÷ßóù ìéá ìåôáãëþôôéóç ðïõ äéÝêïøá;</para>
	  </question>

	  <answer>
	    <para>Áõôü åîáñôÜôáé áðü ôï ðüóï Ý÷åôå ðñï÷ùñÞóåé óôç äéáäéêáóßá
	      ìÝ÷ñé ôç óôéãìÞ ðïõ âñÞêáôå ôï ðñüâëçìá.</para>

	    <para><emphasis>Óå ãåíéêÝò ãñáììÝò</emphasis> (êáé áõôüò äåí
	      åßíáé êáíüíáò ðïõ éó÷ýåé ðÜíôá), ç äéåñãáóßá ôïõ
	      <command>make buildworld</command> ìåôáãëùôôßæåé íÝá áíôßãñáöá
	      âáóéêþí åñãáëåßùí (üðùò ôá &man.gcc.1;, êáé &man.make.1;) êáèþò
	      êáé ôùí âéâëéïèçêþí óõóôÞìáôïò.  ¸ðåéôá åãêáèéóôþíôáé áõôÜ
	      ôá åñãáëåßá êáé ïé âéâëéïèÞêåò.  Ôá íÝá åñãáëåßá êáé
	      âéâëéïèÞêåò ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé Ýðåéôá ãéá íá åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóïõí
	      ôïõò åáõôïýò ôïõò, êáé åãêáèßóôáíôáé îáíÜ.  Ïëüêëçñï ôï óýóôçìá
	      (ôï ïðïßï ôþñá ðåñéëáìâÜíåé êáé ôá óõíçèéóìÝíá ðñïãñÜììáôá
	      ÷ñÞóôç üðùò ôï &man.ls.1; Þ ôï &man.grep.1;)
	      åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßæåôáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôá íÝá áñ÷åßá ôïõ
	      óõóôÞìáôïò.</para>

	    <para>Áí âñßóêåóôå óôï ôåëåõôáßï óôÜäéï, ôï ïðïßï èá ôï ãíùñßæåôå
	      êïéôÜæïíôáò ôçí Ýîïäï ðïõ Ý÷åôå áðïèçêåýóåé, åßíáé ó÷åôéêÜ
	      áóöáëÝò íá êÜíåôå:</para>

	    <screen><emphasis>&hellip; fix the problem &hellip;</emphasis>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make -DNO_CLEAN all</userinput></screen>

	    <para>Ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü äåí èá áíáéñÝóåôå ôçí åñãáóßá ðïõ Ý÷åé
	      ãßíåé áðü ôï ðñïçãïýìåíï
	      <command>make buildworld</command>.</para>

	    <para>Áí äåßôå ôï ìÞíõìá:</para>

	      <screen>--------------------------------------------------------------
Building everything..
--------------------------------------------------------------</screen>

	    <para>óôçí Ýîïäï ôçò åíôïëÞò <command>make buildworld</command>,
	      ôüôå åßíáé ìÜëëïí áóöáëÝò íá ðñï÷ùñÞóåôå ìå áõôü ôïí
	      ôñüðï.</para>

	    <para>Áí äåí äåßôå áõôü ôï ìÞíõìá, Þ áí äåí åßóôå óßãïõñïò, ôüôå
	      åßíáé êáëýôåñá íá êÜíåôå ðëÞñç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ðáñÜ íá ìåôáíéþíåôå
	      áñãüôåñá.</para>
	  </answer>
	</qandaentry>

	<qandaentry>
	  <question>
	    <para>Ðùò ìðïñþ íá åðéôá÷ýíù ôç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ âáóéêïý
	      óõóôÞìáôïò;</para>
	  </question>

	  <answer>
	    <itemizedlist>
	      <listitem>
		<para>ÅêôåëÝóôå ôçí óå êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç.</para>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
		<para>ÂÜëôå ôïõò êáôáëüãïõò <filename>/usr/src</filename>
		  êáé <filename>/usr/obj</filename> óå äéáöïñåôéêÜ óõóôÞìáôá
		  áñ÷åßùí ôá ïðïßá âñßóêïíôáé êáé óå äéáöïñåôéêïýò öõóéêïýò
		  äßóêïõò.  Áí åßíáé äõíáôüí, âÜëôå áõôïýò ôïõò äßóêïõò óå
		  ÷ùñéóôïýò åëåãêôÝò.</para>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
		<para>Áêüìá êáëýôåñá, ìïéñÜóôå áõôÜ ôá óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí
		  óå ðïëëáðëïýò äßóêïõò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï ðñüãñáììá
		  ïäÞãçóçò &man.ccd.4; (concatenated disk driver, ïäÞãçóçò
		  óõíåíùìÝíùí äßóêùí).</para>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
		<para>ÁðåíåñãïðïéÞóôå ôï profiling (èÝóôå ôçí ìåôáâëçôÞ
		  <quote>NO_PROFILE=true</quote> óôï
		  <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>).  Åßíáé ó÷åäüí óßãïõñï
		  üôé äåí ôï ÷ñåéÜæåóôå.</para>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
		<para>Óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>, èÝóôå
		  ôï <makevar>CFLAGS</makevar> óå êÜôé üðùò
		  <option>-O -pipe</option>.  Ç âåëôéóôïðïßçóç
		  <option>-O2</option> ÷ñåéÜæåôáé áñêåôÜ ðåñéóóüôåñï ÷ñüíï,
		  êáé ç äéáöïñÜ áðüäïóçò ìåôáîý
		  <option>-O</option> êáé <option>-O2</option> åßíáé óõíÞèùò
		  áìåëçôÝá.  Ôï <option>-pipe</option> åðéôñÝðåé óôïí
		  ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé pipes ãéá åðéêïéíùíßá áíôß
		  ãéá ðñïóùñéíÜ áñ÷åßá.  Áõôü êáôáíáëþíåé ðåñéóóüôåñç ìíÞìç,
		  áëëÜ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ëéãüôåñï ôï óêëçñü äßóêï.</para>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
		<para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
		  <option>-j<replaceable>n</replaceable></option> óôï
		  &man.make.1; þóôå íá åêôåëïýíôáé ðáñÜëëçëá ðïëëáðëÝò
		  äéåñãáóßåò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.  Áõôü óõíÞèùò âïçèÜåé áêüìá êáé
		  óå ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ Ý÷åôå ìç÷Üíçìá ìå Ýíá åðåîåñãáóôÞ.</para>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
		<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå (Þ íá åðáíáðñïóáñôÞóåôå) ôï
		  óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí óôï ïðïßï åßíáé áðïèçêåõìÝíï ôï
		  <filename>/usr/src</filename> ìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
		  <option>noatime</option>.  Áõôü áðïôñÝðåé ôçí êáôáãñáöÞ
		  çìåñïìçíßáò / þñáò ðñüóâáóçò óôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí.  ÊáôÜ ðÜóá
		  ðéèáíüôçôá, äåí ÷ñåéÜæåóôå áõôÞ ôçí ðëçñïöïñßá Ýôóé êáé
		  áëëéþò.</para>

		  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -u -o noatime /usr/src</userinput></screen>

		  <warning>
		    <para>Ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ðñïûðïèÝôåé üôé Ý÷åôå ôï
		      <filename>/usr/src</filename> óôï äéêü ôïõ óýóôçìá
		      áñ÷åßùí.  Áí áõôü äåí óõìâáßíåé (áí åßíáé ìÝñïò ôïõ
		      <filename>/usr</filename> ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá) èá ÷ñåéáóôåß
		      íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áõôü ôï óçìåßï ðñïóÜñôçóçò, êáé ü÷é
		      ôï <filename>/usr/src</filename>.</para>
		  </warning>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
		<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå (Þ íá åðáíáðñïóáñôÞóåôå) ôï
		  óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷åé ôï
		  <filename>/usr/obj</filename> ìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
		  <option>async</option>.  Ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü, ïé åããñáöÝò óôï
		  äßóêï èá ãßíïíôáé áóýã÷ñïíá.  Ìå Üëëá ëüãéá, ïé åããñáöÝò
		  öáßíåôáé üôé ïëïêëçñþíïíôáé Üìåóá, åíþ ç ðñáãìáôéêÞ åããñáöÞ
		  óôï äßóêï ãßíåôáé ëßãá äåõôåñüëåðôá áñãüôåñá.  Áõôü
		  åðéôñÝðåé ôçí ïìáäïðïßçóç ôùí åããñáöþí, ôï ïðïßï ìðïñåß íá
		  ðñïóöÝñåé äñáìáôéêÞ âåëôßùóç áðüäïóçò.</para>

		<warning>
		  <para>Íá Ý÷åôå õðüøéí óáò üôé áõôÞ ç åðéëïãÞ ìðïñåß íá
		    êÜíåé ôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí óáò ðïëý ðéï åõáßóèçôï.  Ìå ôçí
		    åðéëïãÞ áõôÞ, õðÜñ÷åé áõîçìÝíç ðéèáíüôçôá ôï óýóôçìá
		    áñ÷åßùí íá âñåèåß óå ìç
		    åðéóêåõÜóéìç êáôÜóôáóç áí õðÜñîåé äéáêïðÞ
		    ñåýìáôïò.</para>

		  <para>Áí ôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ðåñéÝ÷åé ìüíï ôï
		    <filename>/usr/obj</filename>, ôï ðáñáðÜíù äåí åßíáé
		    ðñüâëçìá.  Áí ùóôüóï Ý÷åôå êáé Üëëá ðïëýôéìá äåäïìÝíá
		    óôï ßäéï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí, óéãïõñåõôåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå
		    åíçìåñùìÝíá áíôßãñáöá áóöáëåßáò ðñéí åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå áõôÞ
		    ôçí åðéëïãÞ.</para>
		</warning>

		<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -u -o async /usr/obj</userinput></screen>

		<warning>
		  <para>¼ðùò êáé ðñïçãïõìÝíùò, áí ôï
		    <filename>/usr/obj</filename> äåí åßíáé óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí
		    áðü ìüíï ôïõ, áíôéêáôáóôÞóôå ôï óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìå ôï
		    üíïìá ôïõ ðñáãìáôéêïý óçìåßïõ ðñïóÜñôçóçò.</para>
		</warning>
	      </listitem>
	    </itemizedlist>
	  </answer>
	</qandaentry>

	<qandaentry>
	  <question>
	    <para>Ôé íá êÜíù áí êÜôé ðÜåé óôñáâÜ;</para>
	  </question>

	  <answer>
	    <para>Óéãïõñåõôåßôå üôé ôï ðåñéâÜëëïí óáò äåí Ý÷åé õðïëåßììáôá
	      áðü ðñïçãïýìåíåò ìåôáãëùôôßóåéò.  Áõôü åßíáé áñêåôÜ áðëü.</para>

	    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chflags -R noschg /usr/obj/usr</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>rm -rf /usr/obj/usr</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make cleandir</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make cleandir</userinput></screen>

	    <para>Íáé, èá ðñÝðåé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï
	      <command>make cleandir</command> äýï öïñÝò.</para>

	    <para>ÅðáíåêêéíÞóôå Ýðåéôá üëç ôç äéáäéêáóßá, îåêéíþíôáò ìå ôï
	      <command>make buildworld</command>.</para>

	    <para>Áí Ý÷åôå áêüìá ðñïâëÞìáôá, óôåßëôå ôï ìÞíõìá ëÜèïõò êáé ôçí
	      Ýîïäï ôïõ <command>uname -a</command> óôçí &a.questions;.  Íá
	      åßóôå ðñïåôïéìáóìÝíïé íá áðáíôÞóåôå åðéðëÝïí åñùôÞóåéò ó÷åôéêÜ
	      ìå ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç óáò!</para>
	  </answer>
	</qandaentry>
      </qandaset>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="make-delete-old">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Anton</firstname>
	  <surname>Shterenlikht</surname>
	  <contrib>ÂáóéóìÝíï óå óçìåéþóåéò ðïõ ðáñåß÷å ï </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>ÄéáãñáöÞ Ðáñù÷çìÝíùí Áñ÷åßùí, Êáôáëüãùí êáé Âéâëéïèçêþí</title>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>Delete obsolete files, directories and libraries</primary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>ÊáôÜ ôçí óõíå÷Þ áíÜðôõîç ôïõ &os; åßíáé öõóéïëïãéêü êÜðïéá áñ÷åßá
      êáôÜ êáéñïýò íá ÷áñáêôçñßæïíôáé ùò ðáñù÷çìÝíá.  Áõôü ìðïñåß íá óõìâåß
      áí ïé ëåéôïõñãßåò ðïõ ðáñåß÷áí õëïðïéïýíôáé ðëÝïí äéáöïñåôéêÜ, áí ï
      ï áñéèìüò Ýêäïóçò ôçò âéâëéïèÞêçò Ý÷åé áëëÜîåé Þ áêüìá êáé áí Ý÷åé
      äéáãñáöåß ïñéóôéêÜ áðü ôï óýóôçìá.  Óôá áñ÷åßá áõôÜ ðåñéëáìâÜíïíôáé
      åðßóçò âéâëéïèÞêåò êáôÜëïãïé ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá äéáãñáöïýí üôáí ãßíåôáé
      áíáâÜèìéóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.  Ôï üöåëïò ãéá ôï ÷ñÞóôç åßíáé üôé ôï
      óýóôçìá ôïõ äåí ãåìßæåé áðü ðáëéÜ áñ÷åßá ôá ïðïßá êáôáëáìâÜíïõí
      Ü÷ñçóôï ÷þñï óôï ìÝóï áðïèÞêåõóçò êáé óôï backup.  Åðéðñüóèåôá, áí
      êÜðïéá ðáëéÜ âéâëéïèÞêç åß÷å ðñïâëÞìáôá óôáèåñüôçôáò Þ áóöÜëåéáò
      èá ðñÝðåé íá ôçí áíáâáèìßóåôå ãéá íá êñáôÞóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò
      óôáèôåñü êáé áóöáëÝò.  Ôá áñ÷åßá, ïé êáôÜëïãïé êáé ïé âéâëéïèÞêåò ðïõ
      èåùñïýíôáé ðáñù÷çìÝíåò öáßíïíôáé óôï
      <filename>/usr/src/ObsoleteFiles.inc</filename>.  Ïé ðáñáêÜôù ïäçãßåò
      èá óáò âïçèÞóïõí íá äéáãñÜøåôå áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá êáôÜ ôç äéáäéêáóßá
      áíáâÜèìéóçò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.</para>

    <para>ÕðïèÝôïõìå üôé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôá âÞìáôá ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöïíôáé óôï
      <xref linkend="canonical-build"/>.  ÌåôÜ ôçí åðéôõ÷Þ åêôÝëóç ôçò åíôïëÞò
      <command>make <maketarget>installworld</maketarget></command> êáé ôïõ
      <command>mergemaster</command> ðïõ áêïëïõèåß, èá ðñÝðåé íá åëÝãîåôå ãéá
      ðáñù÷çìÝíá áñ÷åßá êáé âéâëéïèÞêåò üðùò öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make check-old</userinput></screen>

    <para>Áí âñåèïýí ðáñù÷çìÝíá áñ÷åßá, ìðïñåßôå íá ôá äéáãñÜøåôå ìå ôéò
      ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make delete-old</userinput></screen>

    <tip>
      <para>Äåßôå ôï <filename>/usr/src/Makefile</filename> ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò
	åíäéáöÝñïõóåò åðéëïãÝò ôçò <command>make</command>.</para>
    </tip>

    <para>Ãéá êÜèå áñ÷åßï ðïõ èá äéáãñáöåß, èá óáò æçôçèåß íá åðéâåâáéþóåôå
      ôçí åíÝñãåéá.  Ìðïñåßôå íá ðáñáëåßøåôå ôçí åñþôçóç êáé íá áöÞóåôå ôï
      óýóôçìá íá äéáãñÜøåé áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá áõôüìáôá ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí
      ìåôáâëçôÞ ôïõ make <makevar>BATCH_DELETE_OLD_FILES</makevar> ìå ôïí
      ôñüðï ðïõ öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make -DBATCH_DELETE_OLD_FILES delete-old</userinput></screen>

    <warning>
      <title>Ðñïåéäïðïßçóç</title>

      <para>Ç äéáãñáöÞ ðáñù÷çìÝíùí áñ÷åßùí, èá ðñïêáëÝóåé äõóëåéôïõñãßá ôùí
	åöáñìïãþí ðïõ åîáêïëïõèïýí íá âáóßæïíôáé óå áõôÜ.  Áõôü óõìâáßíåé
	éäéáßôåñá óå ðáëéÝò âéâëéïèÞêåò.  Óôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðåñéðôþóåéò, èá
	ðñÝðåé íá åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôá ðñïãñÜììáôá, ports Þ âéâëéïèÞêåò ðïõ
	÷ñçóéìïðïéïýóáí ôçí ðáëéÜ âéâëéïèÞêç ðñéí åêôåëÝóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
	<command>make <maketarget>delete-old-libs</maketarget></command>.</para>
    </warning>

    <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå ðñïãñÜììáôá ðïõ åëÝã÷ïõí ôéò åîáñôÞóåéò ôùí
      êïéíü÷ñçóôùí âéâëéïèçêþí óôç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports, óôï <filename
	role="package">sysutils/libchk</filename> Þ <filename
	role="package">sysuilts/bsdadminscripts</filename>.</para>

    <para>Ïé ðáñù÷çìÝíåò êïéíü÷ñçóôåò âéâëéïèÞêåò ìðïñïýí íá äçìéïõñãÞóïõí
      ðñïâëÞìáôá ëüãù óõãêñïýóåùí ìå íåþôåñåò åêäüóåéò.  Óå áõôÝò ôéò
      ðåñéðôþóåéò, èá äåßôåé ìçíýìáôá üðùò ôá ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

    <screen>/usr/bin/ld: warning libz.so.4, needed by /usr/local/lib/libtiff.so, may conflict with libz.so.5
/usr/bin/ld: warning: librpcsvc.so.4, needed by /usr/local/lib/libXext.so may conflict with librpcsvc.so.5</screen>

    <para>Ãéá íá åðéëýóåôå ôÝôïéïõ åßäïõò ðñïâëÞìáôá, âñåßôå ðïéï port
      åãêáôÝóôçóå ôçí âéâëéïèÞêç:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info -W /usr/local/lib/libtiff.so</userinput>
/usr/local/lib/libtiff.so was installed by package tiff-3.9.4
&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info -W /usr/local/lib/libXext.so</userinput>
/usr/local/lib/libXext.so was installed by package libXext-1.1.1,1</screen>

    <para>¸ðåéôá, áðåãêáôáóôÞóôå, åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóôå êáé åðáíåãêáôáóÞóôå ôï
      port.  Ãéá íá áõôïìáôïðïéÞóåôå áõôÞ ôç äéáäéêáóßá ìðïñåßôå íá
      ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôá âïçèçôéêÜ ðñïãñÜììáôá <filename
	role="package">ports-mgmt/portmaster</filename> êáé <filename
	role="package">ports-mgmt/portupgrade</filename>.  Áöïý âåâáéùèåßôå
      üôé ïé ðáëéÝò âéâëéïèÞêåò äåí ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé ðëÝïí áðü êáíÝíá
      ðñüãñáììá, ìðïñåßôå íá ôéò äéáãñÜøåôå ìå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make delete-old-libs</userinput></screen>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="small-lan">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Mike</firstname>
	  <surname>Meyer</surname>
	  <contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>Äéáäéêáóßá ãéá ÐïëëáðëÜ Ìç÷áíÞìáôá</title>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>NFS</primary>
      <secondary>installing multiple machines</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>Áí Ý÷åôå ðïëëáðëÜ ìç÷áíÞìáôá óôá ïðïßá ðñüêåéôáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
      ôï ßäéï äÝíôñï ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, åßíáé óðáôÜëç ðüñùí (äßóêïõ, äéêôýïõ êáé
      åðåîåñãáóôÞ) íá åðáíáëáìâÜíåôå óå üëá ôç äéáäéêáóßá áíÜêôçóçò êáé
      ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.  Ç ëýóç åßíáé íá ïñßóåôå Ýíá ìç÷Üíçìá íá åêôåëåß ôï
      ìåãáëýôåñï ìÝñïò ôçò åñãáóßáò, åíþ ôá õðüëïéðá èá ìðïñïýí íá ôçí
      áíáêôïýí ìÝóù NFS.  Óôçí åíüôçôá áõôÞ èá ðáñïõóéÜóïõìå Ýíá ôñüðï ìå
      ôïí ïðïßï ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé áõôü.</para>

    <sect2 id="small-lan-preliminaries">
      <title>ÐñïêáôáñêôéêÜ</title>

      <para>Ðñþôá áðü üëá, áíáãíùñßóôå ôï óåô ôùí ìç÷áíçìÜôùí óôá ïðïßá
	óêïðåýåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôá ßäéá åêôåëÝóéìá.  Èá ïíïìÜóïõìå áõôÞ
	ôçí ïìÜäá <emphasis>óåô ìåôáãëþôôéóçò</emphasis>.  ÊÜèå ìç÷Üíçìá
	ìðïñåß íá Ý÷åé äéêü ôïõ ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá, áëëÜ èá Ý÷ïõí üëá ôá
	ßäéá åêôåëÝóéìá userland.  Áðü ôï óåô áõôü, åðéëÝîôå Ýíá ìç÷Üíçìá ôï
	ïðïßï èá ãßíåé ôï <emphasis>ìç÷Üíçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò</emphasis>.
	Èá åßíáé ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óôï ïðïßï èá ìåôáãëùôôßæåôáé ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá
	êáé ï ðõñÞíáò.  Ôï éäáíéêü åßíáé íá åðéëÝîåôå Ýíá ãñÞãïñï ìç÷Üíçìá,
	óôï ïðïßï íá õðÜñ÷åé áñêåôüò åëåýèåñïò ÷ñüíïò óôïí åðåîåñãáóôÞ ãéá íá
	åêôåëåß ôá <command>make buildworld</command> êáé
	<command>make buildkernel</command>.  Èá ðñÝðåé åðßóçò íá åðéëÝîåôå
	Ýíá <emphasis>ìç÷Üíçìá äïêéìþí</emphasis> óôï ïðïßï èá äïêéìÜæåôå ôéò
	åíçìåñþóåéò ëïãéóìéêïý ðñéí ôéò ìåôáöÝñåôå óôçí ðáñáãùãÞ.  Ìðïñåß íá
	åßíáé êáé ôï ßäéï ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò, áëëÜ áõôü äåí åßíáé
	áðáñáßôçôï.</para>

      <para>¼ëá ôá ìç÷áíÞìáôá óôï óåô ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá
	ðñïóáñôÞóïõí ôï <filename>/usr/obj</filename> êáé ôï
	<filename>/usr/src</filename> áðü ôï ßäéï ìç÷Üíçìá, êáé óôï ßäéï
	óçìåßï ðñïóÜñôçóçò.  Ôï éäáíéêü åßíáé áõôÜ ôá äýï óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí
	íá âñßóêïíôáé óå äéáöïñåôéêü öõóéêü äßóêï óôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò,
	áëëÜ ìðïñåßôå íá ôá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå ìÝóù NFS áêüìá êáé óå áõôü ôï
	ìç÷Üíçìá.  Áí Ý÷åôå ðïëëáðëÜ óåô ìåôáãëþôôéóçò, ôï
	<filename>/usr/src</filename> èá ðñÝðåé íá âñßóêåôáé óå Ýíá áðü ôá
	ìç÷áíÞìáôá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò, êáé íá ðñïóáñôÜôáé óôá õðüëïéðá ìÝóù
	NFS.</para>

      <para>ÔÝëïò, âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ôá áñ÷åßá
	<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> êáé
	<filename>/etc/src.conf</filename> óå üëá ôá ìç÷áíÞìáôá ôïõ óåô
	ìåôáãëþôôéóçò, åßíáé ßäéá ìå ôá áíôßóôïé÷á óôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.
	Áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò èá ðñÝðåé íá
	ìåôáãëùôôßæåé üëá ôá ôìÞìáôá ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò ôá ïðïßá èá
	åãêáôáóôáèïýí óå êÜèå ìç÷Üíçìá ôïõ óåô.  Åðßóçò, óå êÜèå ìç÷Üíçìá
	óôï óåô ìåôáãëþôôéóçò èá ðñÝðåé íá ïñéóôåß ôï üíïìá ôïõ äéêïý ôïõ
	ðñïóáñìïóìÝíïõ ðõñÞíá ìÝóù ôçò ìåôáâëçôÞò
	<makevar>KERNCONF</makevar> óôï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>,
	åíþ êáé ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò èá ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷åé ìéá ëßóôá üëùí
	ôùí Üëëùí óôï <makevar>KERNCONF</makevar>, îåêéíþíôáò áðü ôï äéêü
	ôïõ.  Ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò, èá ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷åé ôá áñ÷åßá ñýèìéóçò
	ôïõ ðõñÞíá üëùí ôùí Üëëùí ìç÷áíçìÜôùí óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	<filename>/usr/src/sys/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/conf</filename>
	áí ðñüêåéôáé íá ìåôáãëùôôßæåé ôïõò ðõñÞíåò ôïõò.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="small-lan-base-system">
      <title>Ôï Âáóéêü Óýóôçìá</title>

      <para>¸÷ïíôáò ðñáãìáôïðïéÞóåé üëá ôá ðáñáðÜíù, åßóôå Ýôïéìïò íá
	ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôá ðÜíôá.  Ìåôáãëùôôßóôå ôïí ðõñÞíá êáé ôï âáóéêü
	óýóôçìá üðùò ðåñéãñÜøáìå óôï <xref linkend="make-buildworld"/>
	÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò, áëëÜ ìçí åãêáôáóôÞóåôå
	ôßðïôá.  ÌåôÜ ôï ôÝëïò ôçò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï ìç÷Üíçìá
	äïêéìþí êáé åãêáôáóôÞóôå ôïí ðõñÞíá ðïõ ìüëéò äçìéïõñãÞóáôå.  Áí ôï
	ìç÷Üíçìá áõôü ðñïóáñôÜ ôï <filename>/usr/src</filename> êáé ôï
	<filename>/usr/obj</filename> ìÝóù NFS, üôáí ôï åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå óå
	êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôï äßêôõï êáé
	íá ôá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå.  Ï åõêïëüôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá áõôü, åßíáé íá
	åêêéíÞóåôå óå êáôÜóôáóç ðïëëáðëþí ÷ñçóôþí êáé Ýðåéôá íá åêôåëÝóåôå
	<command>shutdown now</command> ãéá íá ìåôáâåßôå óå êáôÜóôáóç åíüò
	÷ñÞóôç.  Ìüëéò ãßíåé áõôü, ìðïñåßôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôïí íÝï ðõñÞíá
	êáé ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá, êáé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï
	<command>mergemaster</command> üðùò èá êÜíáôå óõíÞèùò.  ¼ôáí
	ôåëåéþóåôå, åðáíåêêéíÞóôå áõôü ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óôçí êáíïíéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá
	ðïëëáðëþí ÷ñçóôþí.</para>

      <para>¼ôáí âåâáéùèåßôå üôé üëá ëåéôïõñãïýí óùóôÜ óôï ìç÷Üíçìá äïêéìþí,
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí ßäéá äéáäéêáóßá ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï íÝï
	ëïãéóìéêü óå êÜèå Ýíá áðü ôá õðüëïéðá ìç÷áíÞìáôá ôïõ óåô
	ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="small-lan-ports">
      <title>Ports</title>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôéò ßäéåò éäÝåò êáé ãéá ôï äÝíôñï
	ôùí ports.  Ôï ðñþôï êñßóéìï âÞìá åßíáé íá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå ôï
	<filename>/usr/ports</filename> áðü ôï ßäéï ìç÷Üíçìá, óå üëá ôá
	ìç÷áíÞìáôá ôïõ óåô ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.  Ìðïñåßôå Ýðåéôá íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï
	<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> þóôå íá äéáìïéñÜæïíôáé ôá
	distfiles.  Èá ðñÝðåé íá èÝóåôå ôï <makevar>DISTDIR</makevar> óå Ýíá
	êïéíü÷ñçóôï êáôÜëïãï, óôïí ïðïßï èá äþóåôå äéêáéþìáôá åããñáöÞò óå
	ïðïéïäÞðïôå ÷ñÞóôç Ý÷åôå äçëþóåé ùò <username>root</username> óôï
	NFS.  Óå êÜèå ìç÷Üíçìá èá ðñÝðåé åðßóçò íá ïñéóôåß ç ìåôáâëçôÞ
	<makevar>WRKDIRPREFIX</makevar> þóôå íá äåß÷íåé óå Ýíá ôïðéêü
	êáôÜëïãï.  ÔÝëïò, áí óêïðåýåôå íá ìåôáãëùôôßæåôå êáé íá äéáíÝìåôå
	Ýôïéìá ðáêÝôá, èá ðñÝðåé íá èÝóåôå ôçí ìåôáâëçôÞ
	<makevar>PACKAGES</makevar> óå Ýíá êáôÜëïãï, üðùò êÜíáôå êáé ìå ôçí
	<makevar>DISTDIR</makevar>.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>
</chapter>