path: root/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.xml

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<!--

  Ôï Åã÷åéñßäéï ôïõ FreeBSD: ÔïðéêÝò Ñõèìßóåéò - ×ñÞóç êáé Ñýèìéóç I18N/L10N

  The FreeBSD Greek Documentation Project

  $FreeBSD$

  %SOURCE%	en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.xml
  %SRCID%	38826

-->

<chapter id="l10n">
  <chapterinfo>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>Andrey</firstname>
	<surname>Chernov</surname>
	<contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>Michael C.</firstname>
	<surname>Wu</surname>
	<contrib>ÃñÜöçêå îáíÜ áðü ôïí </contrib>
      </author>
      <!-- 30 Nv 2000 -->
    </authorgroup>
  </chapterinfo>

  <title>ÔïðéêÝò Ñõèìßóåéò - ×ñÞóç êáé ñýèìéóç I18N/L10N</title>

  <sect1 id="l10n-synopsis">
    <title>Óýíïøç</title>

    <para>Ôï &os; åßíáé Ýíá éäéáßôåñá áðïêåíôñùìÝíï Ýñãï ìå ÷ñÞóôåò êáé
      åèåëïíôÝò óå ïëüêëçñï ôïí êüóìï.  Óôï êåöÜëáéï áõôü óõæçôïýíôáé
      ïé äõíáôüôçôåò ôïðéêþí êáé äéåèíþí ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ &os;, ïé ïðïßåò
      åðéôñÝðïõí óå ÷ñÞóôåò ãëùóóþí åêôüò ôçò ÁããëéêÞò íá åêôåëÝóïõí
      ðñáãìáôéêÞ åñãáóßá.  ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ðïëëïß ðáñÜãïíôåò óôçí õëïðïßçóç ôïõ
      ðëáéóßïõ i18n, ôüóï óå åðßðåäï óõóôÞìáôïò, üóï êáé åöáñìïãþí, êáé
      ãéá ôï ëüãï áõôü, üðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé, ðáñáðÝìðïõìå ôïí áíáãíþóôç óå ðéï
      óõãêåêñéìÝíåò ðçãÝò ôåêìçñßùóçò.</para>

    <para>Áöïý äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá îÝñåôå:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò êùäéêïðïéïýíôáé ïé ãëþóóåò êáé ïé ôïðéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò
	  óôá óýã÷ñïíá ëåéôïõñãéêÜ óõóôÞìáôá.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá âÜëåôå ôïðéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò óôï êÝëõöïò óáò (login
	  shell).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá ñõèìßóåôå ôçí êïíóüëá ãéá ãëþóóåò åêôüò ôçò
	  ÁããëéêÞò.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áðïôåëåóìáôéêÜ ôï óýóôçìá X
	  Windows ìå äéáöïñåôéêÝò ãëþóóåò.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðïõ íá âñåßôå ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôç óõããñáöÞ
	  åöáñìïãþí óõìâáôþí ìå ôï ðñüôõðï i18n.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>Ðñéí äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá ðñÝðåé:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>Íá ãíùñßæåôå ðùò íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ðñüóèåôï ëïãéóìéêü
	  ôñßôïõ êáôáóêåõáóôÞ (<xref linkend="ports"/>).</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="l10n-basics">
    <title>ÂáóéêÝò Ãíþóåéò</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>Ôé Åßíáé ôï I18N/L10N;</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>internationalization</primary>
	<see>localization</see>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>localization</primary></indexterm>

      <para>Ïé ïìÜäåò áíÜðôõîçò ëïãéóìéêïý äçìéïýñãçóáí ôïí üñï I18N,
	ùò óõíôüìåõóç ôçò ëÝîçò <quote>internationalization</quote>
	(äéåèíïðïßçóç), ìåôñþíôáò áðëþò ôá ãñÜììáôá ôçò ëÝîçò áíÜìåóá
	óôï ðñþôï êáé ôï ôåëåõôáßï.  Ï üñïò L10N Ý÷åé ðñïêýøåé ìå ôïí ßäéï
	ôñüðï, áõôÞ ôç öïñÜ áðü ôç ëÝîç <quote>localization</quote>
	(ôïðéêïðïßçóç, Þ áðëþò ôïðéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò).  ÓõíäõÜæïíôáò ìåôáîý ôïõò
	ôéò ìåèüäïõò, ôá ðñùôüêïëëá, êáé ôéò åöáñìïãÝò ðïõ óõìâáäßæïõí ìå ôá
	I18N/L10N, ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ìðïñïýí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõí ôéò ãëþóóåò ôçò
	åðéëïãÞò ôïõò.</para>

      <para>Ïé åöáñìïãÝò I18N ðñïãñáììáôßæïíôáé ìå ôç âïÞèåéá åñãáëåßùí
	(kits) êáé âéâëéïèçêþí.  ÅðéôñÝðåôáé Ýôóé óôïõò ðñïãñáììáôéóôÝò íá
	ãñÜøïõí Ýíá áðëü áñ÷åßï êáé íá ìåôáöñÜóïõí ôá ìåíïý êáé ôá êåßìåíá
	ðïõ áðåéêïíßæåé ç åöáñìïãÞ, óå êÜèå ãëþóóá ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé.
	Óõíéóôïýìå Ýíèåñìá óôïõò ðñïãñáììáôéóôÝò íá áêïëïõèïýí ôçí ðáñáðÜíù
	óýìâáóç.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Ãéáôß ÐñÝðåé íá ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóù ôá I18N/L10N;</title>

      <para>Ôá I18N/L10N ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé êÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ åðéèõìåßôå íá äåßôå,
	íá åéóÜãåôå, Þ íá åðåîåñãáóôåßôå äåäïìÝíá óå ãëþóóåò åêôüò ôçò
	ÁããëéêÞò.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Ðïéåò Ãëþóóåò Õðïóôçñßæïíôáé óôï I18N;</title>

      <para>Ôï I18N êáé ôï L10N äåí åßíáé åéäéêÜ öôéáãìÝíá ãéá ôï &os;.  Ôçí
	äåäïìÝíç óôéãìÞ, õðïóôçñßæïíôáé ïé ðåñéóóüôåñåò ãíùóôÝò ãëþóóåò,
	óõìðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíùí ôùí: Êéíåæéêþí, Ãåñìáíéêþí, ÃéáðùíÝæéêùí,
	Êïñåáôéêþí, Ãáëëéêþí, Ñùóéêþí, ÂéåôíáìÝæéêùí, ê.á.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="using-localization">
    <title>×ñÞóç ôùí Ôïðéêþí Ñõèìßóåùí</title>

    <para>Ôï I18N åßíáé óôçí ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá ìéá óýìâáóç, êáé äåí Ý÷åé
      äçìéïõñãçèåß áðïêëåéóôéêÜ ãéá ôï &os;.  Åðéèõìïýìå ôç âïÞèåéá óáò
      þóôå ôï &os; íá áêïëïõèåß áõôÞ ôç óýìâáóç.</para>

    <indexterm><primary>locale</primary></indexterm>
    <para>Ïé ôïðéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò âáóßæïíôáé óå ôñåéò âáóéêïýò üñïõò:
      Êùäéêü Ãëþóóáò, Êùäéêü ×þñáò êáé Êùäéêïðïßçóç.  Ôá ïíüìáôá ôùí ôïðéêþí
      ñõèìßóåùí ðñïêýðôïõí áðü ôïõò ðáñáðÜíù üñïõò, ìå ôïí ôñüðï ðïõ
      ðåñéãñÜöåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

    <programlisting><replaceable>ÊùäéêüòÃëþóóáò</replaceable>_<replaceable>Êùäéêüò×þñáò</replaceable>.<replaceable>Êùäéêïðïßçóç</replaceable></programlisting>

    <sect2>
      <title>Êùäéêïß Ãëùóóþí êáé ×ùñþí</title>
      <indexterm><primary>language codes</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>country codes</primary></indexterm>

      <para>Ãéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí ïé ôïðéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò ãéá ìéá óõãêåêñéìÝíç
	ãëþóóá óå Ýíá óýóôçìá &os; (Þ óå Üëëï óýóôçìá ôýðïõ &unix; ðïõ
	õðïóôçñßæåé ôï ðñüôõðï I18N), ï ÷ñÞóôçò èá ðñÝðåé íá âñåé ôïõò
	êùäéêïýò ôçò óõãêåêñéìÝíçò ÷þñáò êáé ãëþóóáò (ïé êùäéêïß ÷ùñþí
	êáèïäçãïýí ôéò åöáñìïãÝò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôç äéÜëåêôï ôçò ãëþóóáò ðïõ ðñÝðåé
	íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß).  ÐñïãñÜììáôá üðùò öõëëïìåôñçôÝò, åîõðçñåôçôÝò
	éóôïóåëßäùí, åîõðçñåôçôÝò SMTP/POP êëð. ðáßñíïõí åðßóçò êÜðïéåò
	áðïöÜóåéò ðïõ åîáñôþíôáé áðü ôïõò êùäéêïýò áõôïýò.  ÐáñáêÜôù öáßíïíôáé
	ìåñéêÜ ðáñáäåßãìáôá ãëùóóþí/÷ùñþí:</para>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	<tgroup cols="2">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Êùäéêüò Ãëþóóáò/×þñáò</entry>
	      <entry>ÐåñéãñáöÞ</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>

	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>en_US</entry>
	      <entry>ÁããëéêÜ - ÇíùìÝíåò Ðïëéôåßåò</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>ru_RU</entry>
	      <entry>Ñþóéêá - Ñùóßá</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>zh_TW</entry>
	      <entry>ÐáñáäïóéáêÜ ÊéíÝæéêá - ÔáúâÜí</entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÊùäéêïðïéÞóåéò</title>
      <indexterm><primary>encodings</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>ASCII</primary></indexterm>

      <para>ÊÜðïéåò ãëþóóåò ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí êùäéêïðïéÞóåéò ðïõ äåí åßíáé ASCII,
	áëëÜ ðåñéÝ÷ïõí ÷áñáêôÞñåò 8-bit, wide, Þ multibyte (äåßôå ôç
	óåëßäá manual &man.multibyte.3; ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò).  Ïé
	ðéï êáéíïýñéåò åöáñìïãÝò óõíÞèùò áíáãíùñßæïõí ôïõò ÷áñáêôÞñåò 8-bit.
	ÁíÜëïãá ìå ôçí õëïðïßçóç, ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ìðïñåß íá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá
	ìåôáãëùôôßóïõí ìéá åöáñìïãÞ ìå õðïóôÞñéîç ÷áñáêôÞñùí wide Þ
	multibyte, Þ íá ðñïóáñìüóïõí ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ ðñïãñÜììáôïò.  Ãéá íá
	Ý÷åôå ôçí éêáíüôçôá íá åéóÜãåôå êáé íá åðåîåñãÜæåóôå ÷áñáêôÞñåò
	multibyte, ç <ulink
	  url="&url.base;/ports/index.html">ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports
	  ôïõ &os;</ulink> äéáèÝôåé ðñïãñÜììáôá ãéá êÜèå ãëþóóá.  Äåßôå ôçí
	ôåêìçñßùóç ãéá ôï I18N óôï áíôßóôïé÷ï Port ôïõ &os;.</para>

      <para>Åéäéêüôåñá, ï ÷ñÞóôçò ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá äéáâÜóåé ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ôçò
	åöáñìïãÞò, ãéá íá áðïöáóßóåé ðùò ðñÝðåé íá ôç ñõèìßóåé óùóôÜ Þ ðùò íá
	ðåñÜóåé ôéò óùóôÝò ôéìÝò óôï configure, ôï Makefile Þ ôïí
	ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ.</para>

      <para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷åôå êáôÜ íïõ êÜðïéá ðñÜãìáôá:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>Óåô ÷áñáêôÞñùí ðïõ åîáñôþíôáé áðü ôç ãëþóóá (single C chars
	    character set, äåßôå ôçí &man.multibyte.3;), ð.÷.
	    ISO8859-1, ISO8859-15, KOI8-R, CP437.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÊùäéêïðïéÞóåéò Wide Þ multibyte, ð.÷. EUC, Big5.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá äåßôå ôçí åíåñãÞ ëßóôá ôùí óåô ÷áñáêôÞñùí óôï
	<ulink url="http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets">Ìçôñþï
	IANA</ulink>.</para>

      <note>
	<para>Ôï &os; ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ãéá ôéò ôïðéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò êùäéêïðïéÞóåéò
	  óõìâáôÝò ìå ôï X11.</para>
      </note>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÅöáñìïãÝò I18N</title>

      <para>Óôï óýóôçìá ðáêÝôùí êáé ports ôïõ &os;, ïé åöáñìïãÝò ðïõ
	ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôï I18N Ý÷ïõí óôï üíïìá ôïõò ôç ëÝîç
	<literal>I18N</literal> þóôå íá áíáãíùñßæïíôáé åýêïëá.  Ùóôüóï, ìðïñåß
	íá ìçí õðïóôçñßæïõí ðÜíôïôå ôç ãëþóóá ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåóôå.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="setting-locale">
      <title>ÔïðéêÝò Ñõèìßóåéò</title>

      <para>Åßíáé óõíÞèùò áñêåôü íá ãßíåé export ç ôéìÞ ìå ôçí ïíïìáóßá ôçò
	åðéèõìçôÞò ôïðéêÞò ñýèìéóçò, ìÝóù ôçò ìåôáâëçôÞò ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò
	<envar>LANG</envar> óôï êÝëõöïò åéóüäïõ.  Áõôü ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé óôï
	áñ÷åßï <filename>~/.login_conf</filename> ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç, Þ óôï áñ÷åßï
	åêêßíçóçò ôïõ êåëýöïõò ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç (<filename>~/.profile</filename>,
	<filename>~/.bashrc</filename>, <filename>~/.cshrc</filename>).
	Äåí åßíáé áíÜãêç íá èÝóåôå êáé ôéò õðüëïéðåò ìåôáâëçôÝò ôùí ôïðéêþí
	ñõèìßóåùí, üðùò ïé <envar>LC_CTYPE</envar>, <envar>LC_CTIME</envar>.
	Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò, äéáâÜóôå ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ôïõ &os; ðïõ
	ó÷åôßæåôáé ìå ôçí õðïóôÞñéîç ôçò åðéèõìçôÞò ãëþóóáò.</para>

      <para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá èÝóåôå ôéò äýï ðáñáêÜôù ìåôáâëçôÝò ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò,
	óôá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>Ôçí <envar>LANG</envar> ãéá ëåéôïõñãßåò ðïõ áíÞêïõí óôçí
	    ïéêïãÝíåéá &posix;<indexterm><primary>POSIX</primary></indexterm> &man.setlocale.3;</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Ôçí <envar>MM_CHARSET</envar> ãéá ôï óýíïëï ÷áñáêôÞñùí MIME<indexterm><primary>MIME</primary></indexterm>
	    ôùí åöáñìïãþí.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>Ôï ðáñáðÜíù ðåñéëáìâÜíåé ôçí ñýèìéóç ôïõ êåëýöïõò ÷ñÞóôç, ôçí
	ñýèìéóç ãéá ìéá óõãêåêñéìÝíç åöáñìïãÞ, êáé ôç ñýèìéóç ãéá ôá
	X11.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>ÌÝèïäïé ÁëëáãÞò Ôïðéêþí Ñõèìßóåùí</title>
	<indexterm><primary>locale</primary></indexterm>
	<indexterm><primary>login class</primary></indexterm>

	<para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äýï ìÝèïäïé ãéá ôçí áëëáãÞ ôùí ôïðéêþí ñõèìßóåùí, ôéò
	  ïðïßåò êáé ðåñéãñÜöïõìå ðáñáêÜôù.  Ç ðñþôç (ôçí ïðïßá êáé
	  óõíéóôïýìå) õëïðïéåßôáé èÝôïíôáò ôéìÝò óôéò ìåôáâëçôÝò ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò
	  óôï <link linkend="login-class">login class</link>, êáé ç äåýôåñç
	  áëëÜæïíôáò ôéò ôéìÝò ôùí ìåôáâëçôþí ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò óôï
	  <link linkend="startup-file">áñ÷åßï åêêßíçóçò</link> ôïõ êåëýöïõò
	  ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç.</para>

	<sect4 id="login-class">
	  <title>ÌÝèïäïò ÊëÜóåùí Åéóüäïõ (Login Class)</title>

	  <para>Ç ìÝèïäïò áõôÞ åðéôñÝðåé íá ãßíåé ç ñýèìéóç ôùí ìåôáâëçôþí
	    ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò ìéá öïñÜ ãéá êÜèå êÝëõöïò, áíôß íá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá
	    ôåèïýí óõãêåêñéìÝíåò ôéìÝò óôï áñ÷åßï åêêßíçóçò ôïõ êáèåíüò
	    ÷ùñéóôÜ.  Ïé <link linkend="usr-setup">Ñõèìßóåéò óå Åðßðåäï
	    ×ñÞóôç</link> ìðïñïýí íá ãßíïõí áðü ôïí ßäéï ôï ÷ñÞóôç, åíþ ïé
	    <link linkend="adm-setup">Ñõèìßóåéò óå Åðßðåäï Äéá÷åéñéóôÞ</link>
	    áðáéôïýí ðñïíüìéá õðåñ÷ñÞóôç.</para>

	  <sect5 id="usr-setup">
	    <title>Ñõèìßóåéò óå Åðßðåäï ×ñÞóôç</title>

	    <para>Ôï ðáñáêÜôù áðëü ðáñÜäåéãìá, äåß÷íåé Ýíá áñ÷åßï
	      <filename>.login_conf</filename> óôïí êáôÜëïãï êÜðïéïõ ÷ñÞóôç
	      óôï ïðïßï êáé ïé äýï ìåôáâëçôÝò Ý÷ïõí ôåèåß ãéá êùäéêïðïßçóç
	      Latin-1:</para>

	    <programlisting>me:\
	:charset=ISO-8859-1:\
	:lang=de_DE.ISO8859-1:</programlisting>

	    <indexterm><primary>Traditional Chinese</primary><secondary>BIG-5 encoding</secondary></indexterm>
	    <para>ÐáñáêÜôù âëÝðåôå Ýíá <filename>.login_conf</filename> óôï
	      ïðïßï ïé ìåôáâëçôÝò Ý÷ïõí ôåèåß ãéá ÐáñáäïóéáêÜ ÊéíÝæéêá óå
	      êùäéêïðïßçóç BIG-5.  ÐáñáôçñÞóôå üôé Ý÷ïõìå èÝóåé ðïëý
	      ðåñéóóüôåñåò ìåôáâëçôÝò, êáèþò êÜðïéåò åöáñìïãÝò äåí óÝâïíôáé
	      óùóôÜ ôéò ìåôáâëçôÝò ãéá ÊéíÝæéêá, ÃéáðùíÝæéêá êáé
	      ÊïñåÜôéêá.</para>

	    <programlisting>#Users who do not wish to use monetary units or time formats
#of Taiwan can manually change each variable
me:\
	:lang=zh_TW.Big5:\
	:setenv=LC_ALL=zh_TW.Big5:\
	:setenv=LC_COLLATE=zh_TW.Big5:\
	:setenv=LC_CTYPE=zh_TW.Big5:\
	:setenv=LC_MESSAGES=zh_TW.Big5:\
	:setenv=LC_MONETARY=zh_TW.Big5:\
	:setenv=LC_NUMERIC=zh_TW.Big5:\
	:setenv=LC_TIME=zh_TW.Big5:\
	:charset=big5:\
	:xmodifiers="@im=gcin": #Set gcin as the XIM Input Server</programlisting>

	    <para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò, äåßôå ôéò <link
		linkend="adm-setup">Ñõèìßóåéò óå Åðßðåäï Äéá÷åéñéóôÞ</link>
	      êáé ôçí &man.login.conf.5;.</para>
	  </sect5>

	  <sect5 id="adm-setup">
	    <title>Ñõèìßóåéò óå Åðßðåäï Äéá÷åéñéóôÞ</title>

	    <para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé Ý÷åé ïñéóôåß ç óùóôÞ ãëþóóá óôçí êëÜóç ôïõ
	      ÷ñÞóôç, óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>.
	      Óôï áñ÷åßï áõôü èá ðñÝðåé íá õðÜñ÷ïõí ïé ðáñáêÜôù
	      ñõèìßóåéò:</para>

	    <programlisting><replaceable>language_name</replaceable>|<replaceable>Account Type Description</replaceable>:\
	:charset=<replaceable>MIME_charset</replaceable>:\
	:lang=<replaceable>locale_name</replaceable>:\
	:tc=default:</programlisting>

	    <para>Ìå âÜóç ôï ðñïçãïýìåíï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóáìå
	      Latin-1, ôï áñ÷åßï èá ìïéÜæåé ìå ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	    <programlisting>german|German Users Accounts:\
	:charset=ISO-8859-1:\
	:lang=de_DE.ISO8859-1:\
	:tc=default:</programlisting>

	    <para>Ðñéí êÜíåôå áëëáãÝò óôéò ÊëÜóåéò Åéóüäïõ (Login Classes) ôùí
	      ÷ñçóôþí, åêôåëÝóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>

	    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf</userinput></screen>

	    <para>þóôå íá åíåñãïðïéçèïýí óôï óýóôçìá ïé áëëáãÝò ðïõ êÜíáôå óôï
	      <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>.</para>

	    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">ÁëëáãÞ ÊëÜóåùí Åéóüäïõ ìÝóù ôçò &man.vipw.8;</bridgehead>

	    <indexterm>
	      <primary><command>vipw</command></primary>
	    </indexterm>
	    <para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí <command>vipw</command> ãéá íá
	      ðñïóèÝóåôå íÝïõò ÷ñÞóôåò, êáé êÜíôå ôçí êáôá÷þñéóç íá ìïéÜæåé ìå
	      ôçí ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	    <programlisting>user:password:1111:11:<replaceable>language</replaceable>:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/sh</programlisting>

	    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">ÁëëáãÞ ÊëÜóåùí Åéóüäïõ ìÝóù ôçò &man.adduser.8;</bridgehead>

	    <indexterm>
	      <primary><command>adduser</command></primary>
	    </indexterm>
	    <indexterm><primary>login class</primary></indexterm>
	    <para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí <command>adduser</command> ãéá íá
	      ðñïóèÝóåôå íÝïõò ÷ñÞóôåò, êáé Ýðåéôá áêïëïõèÞóôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù
	      ïäçãßåò:</para>

	    <itemizedlist>
	      <listitem>
		<para>ÈÝóôå ôï <literal>defaultclass =
		  <replaceable>language</replaceable></literal> óôï
		  <filename>/etc/adduser.conf</filename>.  Íá Ý÷åôå õðüøç óáò
		  üôé óå áõôÞ ôçí ðåñßðôùóç, èá ðñÝðåé íá ïñßóåôå ìéá êëÜóç
		  <literal>default</literal> ãéá üëïõò ôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò Üëëùí
		  ãëùóóþí.</para>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
		<para>Ìéá åíáëëáêôéêÞ ëýóç, åßíáé íá áðáíôÜôå êÜèå öïñÜ óôçí
		  åñþôçóç</para>

		<screen><prompt>Enter login class: default []: </prompt></screen>
		<para>ðïõ åìöáíßæåôáé áðü ôçí &man.adduser.8;.</para>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
		<para>Áêüìá ìéá åíáëëáêôéêÞ ëýóç, åßíáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï
		  ðáñáêÜôù óå êÜèå ÷ñÞóôç ðïõ èÝëåôå íá ðñïóèÝóåôå êáé ï
		  ïðïßïò ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß äéáöïñåôéêÞ ãëþóóá:</para>

		<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>adduser -class <replaceable>language</replaceable></userinput></screen>
	      </listitem>
	    </itemizedlist>

	    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">ÁëëáãÞ ÊëÜóåùí Åéóüäïõ ìÝóù ôçò &man.pw.8;</bridgehead>
	    <indexterm>
	      <primary><command>pw</command></primary>
	    </indexterm>
	    <para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí &man.pw.8; ãéá íá ðñïóèÝóåôå íÝïõò
	      ÷ñÞóôåò, êáëÝóôå ôçí ìå ôïí ðáñáêÜôù ôñüðï:</para>

	    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pw useradd <replaceable>user_name</replaceable> -L <replaceable>language</replaceable></userinput></screen>
	  </sect5>
	</sect4>

	<sect4 id="startup-file">
	  <title>ÌÝèïäïò Áñ÷åßùí Åêêßíçóçò Êåëýöïõò</title>

	  <note>
	    <para>Ç ìÝèïäïò áõôÞ äåí óõíßóôáôáé, êáèþò áðáéôåß äéáöïñåôéêÝò
	      ñõèìßóåéò ãéá êÜèå äéáöïñåôéêü ðñüãñáììá êåëýöïõò ðïõ
	      ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé.  ÐñïôéìÞóôå êáëýôåñá ôçí ìÝèïäï ôùí
	      <link linkend="login-class">ÊëÜóåùí Åéóüäïõ</link>.</para>
	  </note>

	  <indexterm><primary>MIME</primary></indexterm>
	  <indexterm><primary>locale</primary></indexterm>
	  <para>Ãéá íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôéò ôïðéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò êáé ôï óåô ÷áñáêôÞñùí
	    MIME, ñõèìßóôå áðëþò ôéò äýï ìåôáâëçôÝò ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò ðïõ
	    öáßíïíôáé ðáñáêÜôù óôï áñ÷åßï
	    <filename>/etc/profile</filename> Þ/êáé óôï
	    <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename>.  Èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõìå ôá
	    ÃåñìáíéêÜ ùò ãëþóóá ãéá ôï ðáñáêÜôù ðáñÜäåéãìá:</para>

	  <para>Óôï <filename>/etc/profile</filename>:</para>

	  <programlisting><envar>LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG</envar>
<envar>MM_CHARSET=ISO-8859-1; export MM_CHARSET</envar></programlisting>

	  <para>¹ óôï <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename>:</para>

	  <programlisting><envar>setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1</envar>
<envar>setenv MM_CHARSET ISO-8859-1</envar></programlisting>

	  <para>ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, ìðïñåßôå íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôéò ðáñáðÜíù ïäçãßåò óôï
	    <filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.profile</filename> (áíôßóôïé÷á ìå
	    ôéò ïäçãßåò ãéá ôï <filename>/etc/profile</filename> ðïõ åßäáìå
	    ðáñáðÜíù), Þ óôï <filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.login</filename>
	    (áíôßóôïé÷á ìå ôéò ïäçãßåò ãéá ôï
	    <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename> ðïõ åßäáìå åðßóçò
	    ðáñáðÜíù).</para>

	  <para>Ãéá ôï X11:</para>

	  <para>Óôï <filename>$HOME/.xinitrc</filename>:</para>

	  <programlisting><envar>LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG</envar></programlisting>

	  <para>¹:</para>

	  <programlisting><envar>setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1</envar></programlisting>

	  <para>ÁíÜëïãá ìå ôï êÝëõöïò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå (äåßôå
	    ðáñáðÜíù).</para>
	</sect4>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="setting-console">
      <title>Ñõèìßóåéò ãéá ôçí Êïíóüëá</title>

      <para>Ãéá üëá ôá single C óåô ÷áñáêôÞñùí, ìðïñåßôå íá èÝóåôå ôéò
	ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò ôçò êïíóüëáò óôï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
	ãéá ôçí åðéèõìçôÞ ãëþóóá, ãñÜöïíôáò:</para>

      <programlisting>font8x16=<replaceable>font_name</replaceable>
font8x14=<replaceable>font_name</replaceable>
font8x8=<replaceable>font_name</replaceable></programlisting>

      <para>Ôï <replaceable>font_name</replaceable> åäþ ðñïêýðôåé áðü ôï
	áíôßóôïé÷ï áñ÷åßï ôïõ êáôáëüãïõ
	<filename>/usr/share/syscons/fonts</filename>, áöáéñþíôáò ôçí
	êáôÜëçîç <filename>.fnt</filename>.</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary><application>sysinstall</application></primary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>keymap</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>screenmap</primary></indexterm>
      <para>Áí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí êáôÜëëçëç áíôéóôïß÷çóç
	ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ (keymap) êáé ïèüíçò ãéá ôï óåô ÷áñáêôÞñùí single C ðïõ
	÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå, ìÝóù ôïõ
	<command>sysinstall</command>.
	Ìüëéò åêôåëÝóåôå ôï <application>sysinstall</application>, åðéëÝîôå
	ôï <guimenuitem>Configure</guimenuitem>, êáé Ýðåéôá ôï
	<guimenuitem>Console</guimenuitem>.  ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, ìðïñåßôå íá
	ðñïóèÝóåôå ôï ðáñáêÜôù óôï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>scrnmap=<replaceable>screenmap_name</replaceable>
keymap=<replaceable>keymap_name</replaceable>
keychange="<replaceable>fkey_number sequence</replaceable>"</programlisting>

      <para>Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ, ôï <replaceable>screenmap_name</replaceable>
	ðñïÝñ÷åôáé áðü Ýíá áñ÷åßï ôïõ êáôáëüãïõ
	<filename>/usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps</filename>, ÷ùñßò ôçí êáôÜëçîç
	<filename>.scm</filename>.  Ç áíôéóôïß÷çóç ïèüíçò ìáæß ìå ôçí
	áíôßóôïé÷ç ãñáììáôïóåéñÜ, ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óõíÞèùò ãéá ôçí åðÝêôáóç ôïõ
	8ïõ bit óôï 9o, ãéá êÜñôåò VGA ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ìÞôñá ÷áñáêôÞñùí ìå
	8 óôÞëåò.</para>

      <!-- Åëðßæù íá Ýâãáëá ôï óùóôü íüçìá ðáñáðÜíù... -->

      <para>Áí Ý÷åôå åíåñãïðïéçìÝíï ôïí äáßìïíá
	<application>moused</application> óôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>moused_enable="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>êáëü èá åßíáé íá åîåôÜóåôå ôéò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôïí äñïìÝá
	ôïõ ðïíôéêéïý ðïõ åìöáíßæïíôáé óôçí ðáñáêÜôù ðáñÜãñáöï.</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary><application>moused</application></primary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>Ï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíïò äñïìÝáò ôïõ ðïíôéêéïý ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü ôï
	ðñüãñáììá ïäÞãçóçò &man.syscons.4;, êáôáëáìâÜíåé ôéò èÝóåéò 0xd0-0xd3
	ôïõ óõíüëïõ ÷áñáêôÞñùí.  Áí áõôÞ ç ðåñéï÷Þ ÷áñáêôÞñùí äåí åßíáé
	äéáèÝóéìç óôç ãëþóóá ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå, èá ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáêéíÞóåôå ôçí
	ðåñéï÷Þ ôïõ äñïìÝá Ýîù áðü áõôÞí.  Ãéá íá ãßíåé áõôü óôï &os;,
	ðñïóèÝóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç ãñáììÞ óôï
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>mousechar_start=3</programlisting>

      <para>Ôï <replaceable>keymap_name</replaceable> ðñïÝñ÷åôáé áðü Ýíá
	áñ÷åßï ôïõ êáôáëüãïõ <filename>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</filename>,
	÷ùñßò ôçí êáôÜëçîç <filename>.kbd</filename>.  Áí äåí åßóôå óßãïõñïò
	ãéá ôçí áíôéóôïß÷çóç ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå,
	ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï &man.kbdmap.1; ãéá íá êÜíåôå äïêéìÝò
	óå äéÜöïñåò áíôéóôïé÷ßóåéò, ÷ùñßò íá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá êÜíåôå
	åðáíåêêßíçóç.</para>

      <para>Ç ëåéôïõñãßá <literal>keychange</literal> ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óõíÞèùò
	ãéá ôïí ðñïãñáììáôéóìü ôùí ðëÞêôñùí ëåéôïõñãéþí (function keys), þóôå
	íá ôáéñéÜæïõí ìå ôïí åðéëåãìÝíï ôýðï ôåñìáôéêïý, êáèþò ïé áêïëïõèßåò
	ôùí ðëÞêôñùí ëåéôïõñãéþí äåí ìðïñïýí íá êáèïñéóôïýí óôéò
	áíôéóôïé÷ßóåéò ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ.</para>

      <para>Âåâáéùèåßôå åðßóçò üôé Ý÷åôå ñõèìßóåé ôï óùóôü ôýðïõ ôåñìáôéêïý
	óôï <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ãéá üëåò ôéò êáôá÷ùñßóåéò
	<literal>ttyv*</literal>.  Ôç äåäïìÝíç óôéãìÞ, ïé ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíåò
	áíôéóôïé÷ßåò åßíáé:</para>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	<tgroup cols="2">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Óåô ×áñáêôÞñùí</entry>
	      <entry>Ôýðïò Ôåñìáôéêïý</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>

	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>ISO8859-1 Þ ISO8859-15</entry>
	      <entry><literal>cons25l1</literal></entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>ISO8859-2</entry>
	      <entry><literal>cons25l2</literal></entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>ISO8859-7</entry>
	      <entry><literal>cons25l7</literal></entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>KOI8-R</entry>
	      <entry><literal>cons25r</literal></entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>KOI8-U</entry>
	      <entry><literal>cons25u</literal></entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>CP437 (ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï VGA)</entry>
	      <entry><literal>cons25</literal></entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>US-ASCII</entry>
	      <entry><literal>cons25w</literal></entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <para>Ãéá ãëþóóåò ìå ÷áñáêôÞñåò wide Þ multibyte, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï
	óùóôü &os; port óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	<filename>/usr/ports/<replaceable>language</replaceable></filename>.
	ÌåñéêÝò èýñåò åìöáíßæïíôáé ùò êïíóüëá, åíþ ôï óýóôçìá ôéò âëÝðåé ùò
	óåéñéáêÜ vtty, êáé Ýôóé ðñÝðåé íá ðáñáêñáôÞóåôå áñêåôÜ vtty, ôüóï ãéá
	ôï X11 üóï êáé ãéá ôçí øåõôü-óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá.  ÐáñáêÜôù èá âñåßôå
	ìéá ìåñéêþò åíçìåñùìÝíç ëßóôá ãéá ÷ñÞóç Üëëùí ãëùóóþí óôçí
	êïíóüëá:</para>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	<tgroup cols="2">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Ãëþóóá</entry>
	      <entry>Ôïðïèåóßá</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>

	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>ÐáñáäïóéáêÜ ÊéíÝæéêá (BIG-5)</entry>
	      <entry><filename role="package">chinese/big5con</filename></entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>ÃéáðùíÝæéêá</entry>
	      <entry><filename role="package">japanese/kon2-16dot</filename>
	      Þ
	      <filename role="package">japanese/mule-freewnn</filename></entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>ÊïñåÜôéêá</entry>
	      <entry><filename role="package">korean/han</filename></entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ X11</title>

      <para>Áí êáé ôï X11 äåí åßíáé ìÝñïò ôïõ &os;&nbsp;Project, èá äþóïõìå
	åäþ êÜðïéåò ÷ñÞóéìåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá üóïõò ôï ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí óôï &os;.
	Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò, äåßôå ôçí <ulink
	  url="http://www.x.org/">äéêôõáêÞ ôïðïèåóßá ôïõ &xorg;</ulink>,
	Þ ôïõ åîõðçñåôçôÞ X11 ðïõ ðñüêåéôáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå.</para>

      <para>Óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>~/.Xresources</filename>, ìðïñåßôå
	åðéðñüóèåôá íá áëëÜîåôå êáé Üëëåò ñõèìßóåéò ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôï
	I18N (ð.÷. ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò, ìåíïý, ê.ë.ð.).</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>Áðåéêüíéóç Ãñáììáôïóåéñþí</title>

	<indexterm><primary>X11 True Type font server</primary></indexterm>
	<para>ÅãêáôáóôÞóôå ôïí åîõðçñåôçôÞ <application>&xorg;</application>
	  (<filename role="package">x11-servers/xorg-server</filename>)
	  êáé Ýðåéôá åãêáôáóôÞóôå ôéò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò &truetype; ãéá ôçí
	  åðéèõìçôÞ ãëþóóá.  Ìå ôéò óùóôÝò ôïðéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò, èá ìðïñåßôå íá
	  äåßôå ôçí åðéëåãìÝíç ãëþóóá óôá ìåíïý êáé ôá ìçíýìáôá ôïõ ãñáöéêïý
	  ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ÅéóáãùãÞ ìç-Áããëéêþí ×áñáêôÞñùí</title>

	<indexterm><primary>X11 Input Method (XIM)</primary></indexterm>
	<para>Ç ìÝèïäïò åéóüäïõ X11 (XIM, X11 Input Method), åßíáé Ýíá íÝï
	  ðñüôõðï ãéá üëïõò ôïõò ðåëÜôåò X11.  ¼ëåò ïé åöáñìïãÝò ôïõ X11 èá
	  ðñÝðåé íá ãñÜöïíôáé ùò ðåëÜôåò ôïõ XIM, êáé íá ëáìâÜíïõí åßóïäï áðü
	  åîõðçñåôçôÝò åéóüäïõ XIM.  ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äéáèÝóéìïé äéÜöïñïé
	  åîõðçñåôçôÝò XIM, ãéá äéáöïñåôéêÝò ãëþóóåò.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Ñýèìéóç ÅêôõðùôÞ</title>

      <para>ÊÜðïéá óåô ÷áñáêôÞñùí single C åßíáé óõíÞèùò åíóùìáôùìÝíá óôï
	ßäéï ôï õëéêü ôùí åêôõðùôþí.  Ôá óåô ÷áñáêôÞñùí ôýðïõ wide Þ multibyte
	áðáéôïýí åéäéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò, êáé óõíéóôïýìå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï
	<application>apsfilter</application>.  Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå
	ôï Ýããñáöï óáò óå &postscript; Þ PDF, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò åñãáëåßá åéäéêÜ
	öôéáãìÝíá ãéá ôç óõãêåêñéìÝíç ãëþóóá.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÐõñÞíáò êáé ÓõóôÞìáôá Áñ÷åßùí</title>

      <para>Ôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí FFS (fast filesystem) ôïõ &os; ìðïñåß íá
	äéá÷åéñéóôåß ïíüìáôá áñ÷åßùí ðïõ áíÞêïõí óå óåô single C (åßíáé 8-bit
	clean, äåßôå êáé ôï &man.multibyte.3;), áëëÜ äåí áðïèçêåýåé ôï óåô
	÷áñáêôÞñùí ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé.  Ìå Üëëá ëüãéá, åßíáé 8-bit áëëÜ äåí
	ãíùñßæåé ôßðïôá ãéá ôçí êùäéêïðïßçóç ôùí ÷áñáêôÞñùí.  Åðßóçìá, ôï FFS
	äåí õðïóôçñßæåé áêüìá óåô ÷áñáêôÞñùí wide Þ multibyte.  ÕðÜñ÷ïõí
	ùóôüóï êÜðïéá áíåîÜñôçôá patches ãéá ôï FFS ðïõ õðïóôçñßæïõí áõôÝò ôéò
	äõíáôüôçôåò.  Ðñüêåéôáé ìüíï ãéá ðñïóùñéíÝò êáé ìç ìåôáöÝñóéìåò ëýóåéò
	Þ hacks, êáé Ý÷ïõìå áðïöáóßóåé íá ìçí ôá ðåñéëÜâïõìå óôï êåíôñéêü
	äÝíôñï ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá.  Äåßôå ôéò éóôïóåëßäåò ôùí áíôßóôïé÷ùí ãëùóóþí
	ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò êáé ãéá íá áíáêôÞóåôå ôá áðáñáßôçôá
	áñ÷åßá.</para>

      <indexterm><primary>DOS</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>Unicode</primary></indexterm>
      <para>Ôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí &ms-dos; óôï &os; Ý÷åé ôçí äõíáôüôçôá íá
	ñõèìéóôåß þóôå íá ìåôáôñÝðåé ìåôáîý ôùí óåô ÷áñáêôÞñùí
	Unicode, ôïõ &ms-dos;, êáé ôïõ óåô ÷áñáêôÞñùí ðïõ Ý÷åé åðéëåãåß ãéá
	ôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ôïõ &os;.  Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò, äåßôå ôç
	óåëßäá manual &man.mount.msdosfs.8;.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="l10n-compiling">
    <title>Ìåôáãëþôôéóç ÐñïãñáììÜôùí I18N</title>

    <para>ÐïëëÜ ports ôïõ &os; äéáèÝôïõí õðïóôÞñéîç I18N.  Óå ìåñéêÜ áðü áõôÜ,
      ôï -I18N åßíáé ìÝñïò ôïõ ïíüìáôïò ôïõò.  Ôá ðñïãñÜììáôá áõôÜ, êáé ðïëëÜ
      ðåñéóóüôåñá, Ý÷ïõí åíóùìáôùìÝíç õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá I18N êáé äåí ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé
      Üëëåò åéäéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò.</para>

    <indexterm>
      <primary><application>MySQL</application></primary>
    </indexterm>
    <para>Ùóôüóï, óå êÜðïéåò åöáñìïãÝò üðùò ç
      <application>MySQL</application>, èá ðñÝðåé íá ñõèìéóôåß ôï
      <filename>Makefile</filename> ìå ôï åðéèõìçôü óåô ÷áñáêôÞñùí.  Áõôü
      óõíÞèùò ãßíåôáé ðåñíþíôáò ìéá ôéìÞ óôï
      <application>configure</application> óôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá, Þ áëëÜæïíôáò
      ôï ßäéï ôï <filename>Makefile</filename>.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="lang-setup">
    <title>ÔïðéêÝò Ñõèìßóåéò ãéá ÓõãêåêñéìÝíåò Ãëþóóåò</title>

    <sect2 id="ru-localize">
      <sect2info>
	<authorgroup>
	  <author>
	    <firstname>Andrey</firstname>
	    <surname>Chernov</surname>
	    <contrib>Áñ÷éêÞ óõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
	  </author>
	</authorgroup>
      </sect2info>
      <title>Ñþóéêç Ãëþóóá (Êùäéêïðïßçóç KOI8-R)</title>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>localization</primary>
	<secondary>Russian</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí êùäéêïðïßçóç KOI8-R,
	äåßôå ôéò <ulink url="http://koi8.pp.ru/">ÁíáöïñÝò Ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï Óåô
	×áñáêôÞñùí KOIR-8 (Ñùóéêü Óýíïëï ×áñáêôÞñùí)</ulink>.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>ÔïðéêÝò Ñõèìßóåéò</title>

	<para>ÔïðïèåôÞóôå ôéò áêüëïõèåò ãñáììÝò óôï áñ÷åßï óáò
	  <filename>~/.login_conf</filename>:</para>

	<programlisting>me:My Account:\
	:charset=KOI8-R:\
	:lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R:</programlisting>

	<para>Ãéá ðáñáäåßãìáôá ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôéò
	  <link linkend="setting-locale">ÔïðéêÝò Ñõèìßóåéò</link>, äåßôå
	  ðñïçãïýìåíåò åíüôçôåò óå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>Ñýèìéóç Êïíóüëáò</title>

	<itemizedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÐñïóèÝóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç ãñáììÞ óôï áñ÷åßï
	      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

	    <programlisting>mousechar_start=3</programlisting>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå åðßóçò ôéò ðáñáêÜôù ñõèìßóåéò óôï
	      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

	    <programlisting>keymap="ru.koi8-r"
scrnmap="koi8-r2cp866"
font8x16="cp866b-8x16"
font8x14="cp866-8x14"
font8x8="cp866-8x8"</programlisting>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Ãéá êÜèå êáôá÷þñéóç <literal>ttyv*</literal> óôï áñ÷åßï
	      <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï
	      <literal>cons25r</literal> ùò ôýðï ôåñìáôéêïý.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</itemizedlist>

	<para>Ãéá ðáñáäåßãìáôá ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôçí ñýèìéóç ôçò
	  <link linkend="setting-console">êïíóüëáò</link>, äåßôå ðñïçãïýìåíåò
	  åíüôçôåò áõôïý ôïõ êåöáëáßïõ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>Ñýèìéóç ÅêôõðùôÞ</title>

	<indexterm><primary>printers</primary></indexterm>
	<para>Êáèþò ïé ðåñéóóüôåñïé åêôõðùôÝò ðïõ äéáèÝôïõí Ñùóéêïýò
	  ÷áñáêôÞñåò Ý÷ïõí åíóùìáôùìÝíç ôçí êùäéêïóåëßäá CP866, èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå
	  åéäéêü ößëôñï åîüäïõ ãéá íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå áðü ôï KOI8-R óôï CP866.
	  Ôï ößëôñï áõôü åãêáèßóôáôáé áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ óôï
	  <filename>/usr/libexec/lpr/ru/koi2alt</filename>.  Ç êáôá÷þñéóç ãéá
	  Ýíá Ñþóéêï åêôõðùôÞ óôï <filename>/etc/printcap</filename> èá
	  ìïéÜæåé ìå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	<programlisting>lp|Russian local line printer:\
	:sh:of=/usr/libexec/lpr/ru/koi2alt:\
	:lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/output/lpd:lf=/var/log/lpd-errs:</programlisting>

	<para>Äåßôå ôï &man.printcap.5; ãéá ðéï ëåðôïìåñÞ ðåñéãñáöÞ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>Óýóôçìá Áñ÷åßùí &ms-dos; êáé Ñþóéêá Ïíüìáôá Áñ÷åßùí</title>

	<para>Ôï ðáñáêÜôù õðüäåéãìá êáôá÷þñéóçò óôï &man.fstab.5; åíåñãïðïéåß
	  ôçí õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá Ñþóéêá ïíüìáôá áñ÷åßùí óå ðñïóáñôçìÝíá óõóôÞìáôá
	  áñ÷åßùí ôýðïõ &ms-dos;:</para>

	<programlisting>/dev/ad0s2      /dos/c  msdos   rw,-Wkoi2dos,-Lru_RU.KOI8-R 0 0</programlisting>

	<para>Ç åðéëïãÞ <option>-L</option> åðéëÝãåé ôéò ôïðéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò ðïõ
	  èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí, êáé ç <option>-W</option> ïñßæåé ôïí ðßíáêá
	  ìåôáôñïðÞò ÷áñáêôÞñùí.  Ãéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
	  <option>-W</option> âåâáéùèåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå ðñïóáñôÞóåé ôçí êáôÜôìçóç
	  <filename>/usr</filename> ðñéí ôçí êáôÜôìçóç &ms-dos;, êáèþò ïé
	  ðßíáêåò ìåôáôñïðÞò âñßóêïíôáé óôï
	  <filename>/usr/libdata/msdosfs</filename>.  Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò
	  ðëçñïöïñßåò, äåßôå ôç óåëßäá manual ôïõ
	  &man.mount.msdosfs.8;.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>Ñýèìéóç X11</title>

	<orderedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÅêôåëÝóôå ðñþôá <link linkend="setting-locale">ôéò ãåíéêÝò
	      ôïðéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò</link> ðïõ Ý÷ïõìå Þäç ðåñéãñÜøåé.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôïí åîõðçñåôçôÞ
	      <application>&xorg;</application>, åãêáôáóôÞóôå ôï ðáêÝôï
	      <filename role="package">x11-fonts/xorg-fonts-cyrillic</filename>.</para>

	    <para>ÅëÝãîôå ôçí åíüôçôá <literal>"Files"</literal> óôï áñ÷åßï
	      <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>.  Èá ðñÝðåé íá
	      ðñïóèÝóåôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ <emphasis>ðñéí</emphasis>
	      áðü ïðïéáäÞðïôå Üëëç êáôá÷þñéóç
	      <literal>FontPath</literal>:</para>

	    <programlisting>FontPath   "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic"</programlisting>

	    <note>
	      <para>Äåßôå óôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò êõñéëëéêÝò
		ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò.</para>
	    </note>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Ãéá ôçí åíåñãïðïßçóç ôïõ Ñùóéêïý ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ, ðñïóèÝóôå
	      ôéò ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÝò óôçí åíüôçôá <literal>"Keyboard"</literal>
	      ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ <filename>xorg.conf</filename>:</para>

	    <programlisting>Option "XkbLayout"   "us,ru"
Option "XkbOptions"  "grp:toggle"</programlisting>

	    <para>Âåâáéùèåßôå åðßóçò üôé ç ãñáììÞ
	      <literal>XkbDisable</literal> åßíáé áíåíåñãÞ (ìáñêáñéóìÝíç ùò
	      ó÷üëéï).</para>

	    <para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï <literal>grp:toggle</literal>
	      ç åíáëëáãÞ RUS/LAT èá ãßíåôáé ìå ôï <keycap>Äåîéü Alt</keycap>,
	      åíþ áí èÝóåôå <literal>grp:ctrl_shift_toggle</literal>,
	      ç åíáëëáãÞ èá ãßíåôáé ìå ôï
	      <keycombo action="simul"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Shift</keycap></keycombo>.
	      Ãéá <literal>grp:caps_toggle</literal>, ç åíáëëáãÞ RUS/LAT èá
	      ãßíåôáé ìå ôï <keycap>CapsLock</keycap>.
	      Ç êáíïíéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ <keycap>CapsLock</keycap> åîáêïëïõèåß
	      íá åßíáé äéáèÝóéìç ìÝóù ôïõ óõíäõáóìïý ðëÞêôñùí
	      <keycombo action="simul"><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>CapsLock</keycap></keycombo>
	      (ìüíï óå êáôÜóôáóç LAT).  Ôï <literal>grp:caps_toggle</literal>
	      ãéá êÜðïéï Üãíùóôï ëüãï, äåí ëåéôïõñãåß óôï
	      <application>&xorg;</application>.</para>

	    <para>Áí ôï ðëçêôñïëüãéï óáò äéáèÝôåé ðëÞêôñá
	      <quote>&windows;</quote>, êáé Ý÷åôå ðáñáôçñÞóåé üôé êÜðïéá áðü
	      ôá ìç-áëöáñéèìçôéêÜ ðëÞêôñá Ý÷ïõí ëÜèïò áíôéóôïß÷çóç üôáí åßóôå
	      óå êáôÜóôáóç RUS, ðñïóèÝóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ óôï áñ÷åßï
	      <filename>xorg.conf</filename>:</para>

	    <programlisting>Option "XkbVariant" ",winkeys"</programlisting>

	    <note>
	      <para>Ôï Ñþóéêï XKB ðëçêôñïëüãéï ßóùò äåí ëåéôïõñãåß ìå
		åöáñìïãÝò ðïõ äåí Ý÷ïõí öôéá÷ôåß ãéá ôéò áíôßóôïé÷åò ôïðéêÝò
		ñõèìßóåéò.</para>
	    </note>
	  </listitem>
	</orderedlist>

	<note>
	  <para>Ïé åöáñìïãÝò ðïõ ôçñïýí ôéò åëÜ÷éóôåò ðñïäéáãñáöÝò ôïðéêþí
	    ñõèìßóåùí, èá ðñÝðåé íá êáëïýí áðü íùñßò ôç óõíÜñôçóç
	    <function>XtSetLanguageProc (NULL, NULL, NULL);</function> ìÝóá
	    óôïí êþäéêá ôïõò.</para>

	  <para>Äåßôå ôï <ulink url="http://koi8.pp.ru/xwin.html">KOI8-R ãéá
	    ôï óýóôçìá X Window</ulink> ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ïäçãßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå
	    ôçí äçìéïõñãßá åöáñìïãþí X11 ðïõ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôïðéêÝò
	    ñõèìßóåéò.</para>
	</note>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÔïðéêÝò Ñõèìßóåéò ãéá ÐáñáäïóéáêÜ ÊéíÝæéêá ÔáúâÜí</title>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>localization</primary>
	<secondary>Traditional Chinese</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>Ôï &os;-Taiwan&nbsp;Project Ý÷åé äçìéïõñãÞóåé Ýíá HOWTO ãéá ôá
	ÊéíÝæéêá óôï &os;, ôï ïðïßï ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå óôç äéåýèõíóç
	<ulink url="http://netlab.cse.yzu.edu.tw/~statue/freebsd/zh-tut/"></ulink>,
	÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ðïëëÜ ÊéíÝæéêá ports.
	Ï ôñÝ÷ùí óõíôÜêôçò ôïõ <literal>ÊéíÝæéêïõ &os; Howto</literal> åßíáé ï
	Shen Chuan-Hsing <email>statue@freebsd.sinica.edu.tw</email>.
      </para>

      <para>Ï Chuan-Hsing Shen <email>statue@freebsd.sinica.edu.tw</email>
	Ý÷åé äçìéïõñãÞóåé ôçí <ulink
	  url="http://netlab.cse.yzu.edu.tw/~statue/cfc/">ÊéíÝæéêç ÓõëëïãÞ
	  &os; (CFC)</ulink> ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí êùäéêïðïßçóç
	<literal>zh-L10N-tut</literal> ôïõ &os;-ÔáÀâÜí.  Ôá ðáêÝôá êáé ôá
	scripts äéáôßèåíôáé óôç äéåýèõíóç <ulink
	  url="ftp://freebsd.csie.nctu.edu.tw/pub/taiwan/CFC/"></ulink>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÔïðéêÝò Ñõèìßóåéò ãéá ôçí ÃåñìáíéêÞ Ãëþóóá (ãéá ¼ëåò ôéò Ãëþóóåò
	ðïõ Âáóßæïíôáé óôï ISO 8859-1)</title>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>localization</primary>
	<secondary>German</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>Ï Slaven Rezic <email>eserte@cs.tu-berlin.de</email> Ý÷åé ãñÜøåé
	Ýíá ïäçãü ãéá ôçí ÷ñÞóç ôùí umlauts óå Ýíá ìç÷Üíçìá &os;.  Ï ïäçãüò
	åßíáé ãñáììÝíïò óôá ÃåñìáíéêÜ êáé äéáôßèåôáé óôçí ôïðïèåóßá
	<ulink url="http://user.cs.tu-berlin.de/~eserte/FreeBSD/doc/umlaute/umlaute.html"></ulink>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÔïðéêÝò Ñõèìßóåéò ãéá ôçí ÅëëçíéêÞ Ãëþóóá</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>localization</primary>
	<secondary>Greek</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>Ï &a.el.kokkalis; Ý÷åé ãñÜøåé Ýíá ðëÞñåò Üñèñï ãéá ôçí õðïóôÞñéîç
	ôçò ÅëëçíéêÞò ãëþóóáò óôï &os;.  Ôï Üñèñï áõôü äéáôßèåôáé ùò ìÝñïò ôçò
	åðßóçìçò ÅëëçíéêÞò ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os;, óôçí ôïðïèåóßá <ulink
	  url="&url.doc.base;/el_GR.ISO8859-7/articles/greek-language-support/index.html">http://www.freebsd.org/doc/el_GR.ISO8859-7/artilces/greek-language-support/index.html</ulink>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÔïðéêÝò Ñõèìßóåéò Ãéá ÃéáðùíÝæéêá êáé ÊïñåÜôéêá</title>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>localization</primary>
	<secondary>Japanese</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>localization</primary>
	<secondary>Korean</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>Ãéá ÃéáðùíÝæéêá, äåßôå óôçí ôïðïèåóßá
	<ulink url="http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/"></ulink>,
	åíþ ãéá ÊïñåÜôéêá, äåßôå óôçí ôïðïèåóßá
	<ulink url="http://www.kr.FreeBSD.org/"></ulink>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Ôåêìçñßùóç ôïõ &os; óå Ãëþóóåò Åêôüò ôçò ÁããëéêÞò</title>

      <para>ÊÜðïéïé åèåëïíôÝò ôïõ &os; Ý÷ïõí ìåôáöñÜóåé ôìÞìáôá ôçò
	ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ óå Üëëåò ãëþóóåò.  Ïé ìåôáöñÜóåéò áõôÝò äéáôßèåíôáé
	ìÝóù óõíäÝóìùí óôçí <ulink url="&url.base;/index.html">êýñéá äéêôõáêÞ
	ôïðïèåóßá ôïõ &os;</ulink> Þ óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	<filename class="directory">/usr/share/doc</filename>.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>
</chapter>