path: root/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-7"?>
<!--

  Ôï Åã÷åéñßäéï ôïõ FreeBSD: Çëåêôñïíéêü Ôá÷õäñïìåßï

  The FreeBSD Greek Documentation Project

  $FreeBSD$

  %SOURCE%	en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml
  %SRCID%	38826

-->

<chapter id="mail">
  <chapterinfo>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>Bill</firstname>
	<surname>Lloyd</surname>
	<contrib>Áñ÷éêÞ óõíåéóöïñÜ áðü ôïí </contrib>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>Jim</firstname>
	<surname>Mock</surname>
	<contrib>ÃñÜöôçêå îáíÜ áðü ôïí </contrib>
	<!-- 2 Dec 1999 -->
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
  </chapterinfo>

  <title>Çëåêôñïíéêü Ôá÷õäñïìåßï</title>

  <sect1 id="mail-synopsis">
    <title>Óýíïøç</title>
    <indexterm><primary>email</primary></indexterm>

    <para>Ôï <quote>çëåêôñïíéêü ôá÷õäñïìåßï</quote>, åõñýôåñá ãíùóôü ùò
      email, åßíáé óôéò ìÝñåò ìáò ìéá áðü ôéò ðëÝïí äéáäåäïìÝíåò ìïñöÝò
      åðéêïéíùíßáò.  Ôï êåöÜëáéï áõôü ðáñÝ÷åé ìéá âáóéêÞ åéóáãùãÞ óôç
      ëåéôïõñãßá åíüò äéáêïìéóôÞ email óôï &os;, êáèþò êáé ìéá åéóáãùãÞ óôç
      äéáäéêáóßá áðïóôïëÞò êáé ëÞøçò email óôï &os;.  Ùóôüóï ç áíáöïñÜ áõôÞ
      äåí ðñÝðåé íá èåùñçèåß ðëÞñçò, êáèþò õðÜñ÷ïõí áêüìá áñêåôïß ðáñÜãïíôåò
      ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá ëçöèïýí õðüøéí êáé Ý÷ïõí åäþ ðáñáëåéöèåß.  Ãéá ðéï ðëÞñç
      áíÜëõóç ôïõ èÝìáôïò, ï áíáãíþóôçò ðáñáðÝìðåôáé óôá ðïëëÜ åîáéñåôéêÜ
      âéâëßá ðïõ áíáöÝñïíôáé óôï <xref linkend="bibliography"/>.</para>

    <para>Áöïý äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá îÝñåôå:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>Ôï ëïãéóìéêü ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óôçí áðïóôïëÞ êáé ëÞøç
	  çëåêôñïíéêïý ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé ôá âáóéêÜ áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ <application>
	  sendmail</application> óôï &os;.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ôç äéáöïñÜ ìåôáîý áðïìáêñõóìÝíùí êáé ôïðéêþí èõñßäùí
	  ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ (mailboxes).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá åìðïäßóåôå áíåðéèýìçôïõò spammers áðü ôï íá
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõí ôïí äéêü óáò åîõðçñåôçôÞ email ùò
	  áíáìåôáäüôç.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå êáé íá ñõèìßóåôå Ýíá åíáëëáêôéêü
	  Áíôéðñüóùðï ÌåôáöïñÜò Ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ (Mail Transfer Agent) óôï
	  óýóôçìá óáò, áíôéêáèéóôþíôáò Ýôóé ôï
	  <application>sendmail</application>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá áíôéìåôùðßóåôå óõíçèéóìÝíá ðñïâëÞìáôá óôïí
	  äéáêïìéóôÞ ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï SMTP ìå ôï UUCP.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò ìüíï ãéá áðïóôïëÞ email.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï email ìÝóù åðéëïãéêÞò (dialup)
	  óýíäåóçò.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá ñõèìßóåôå ðéóôïðïßçóç áõèåíôéêüôçôáò óôï SMTP ãéá
	  ðñüóèåôç áóöÜëåéá.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå êáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ìéá åöáñìïãÞ
	  áðïóôïëÞò êáé ëÞøçò email ãéá ÷ñÞóôåò, üðùò ôï
	  <application>mutt</application>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá êáôåâÜóåôå ôï email óáò áðü Ýíá áðïìáêñõóìÝíï äéáêïìéóôÞ
	  <acronym>POP</acronym> Þ <acronym>IMAP</acronym>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá åöáñìüóåôå ößëôñá êáé êáíüíåò óôçí åéóåñ÷üìåíç
	  áëëçëïãñáößá óáò, ìå áõôüìáôï ôñüðï.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>Ðñéí äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá ðñÝðåé:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>Íá ñõèìßóåôå óùóôÜ ôç óýíäåóç ôïõ äéêôýïõ óáò
	  (<xref linkend="advanced-networking"/>).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Íá ñõèìßóåôå óùóôÜ ôéò ðëçñïöïñßåò DNS ãéá ôïí äéáêïìéóôÞ
	  áëëçëïãñáößáò óáò (<xref linkend="network-servers"/>).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Íá ãíùñßæåôå ðùò íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ðñüóèåôï ëïãéóìéêü ôñßôïõ
	  êáôáóêåõáóôÞ (<xref linkend="ports"/>).</para></listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="mail-using">
    <title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï Çëåêôñïíéêü Ôá÷õäñïìåßï</title>
    <indexterm><primary>POP</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm><primary>IMAP</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm><primary>DNS</primary></indexterm>

    <para>Óå êÜèå áíôáëëáãÞ çëåêôñïíéêïý ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ, óõíåñãÜæïíôáé ðÝíôå
      âáóéêÜ ôìÞìáôá: Ôï <link linkend="mail-mua">ðñüãñáììá ÷ñÞóôç</link>,
      ï <link linkend="mail-mta">äáßìïíáò ôïõ åîõðçñåôçôÞ</link>, ôï <link
	linkend="mail-dns">DNS</link>, ìéá <link
	linkend="mail-receive">áðïìáêñõóìÝíç Þ ôïðéêÞ èõñßäá ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ
	(mailbox)</link> êáé
      öõóéêÜ ï <link linkend="mail-host">õðïëïãéóôÞò ðïõ äéá÷åéñßæåôáé ôï
      email (mailhost)</link>.</para>

    <sect2 id="mail-mua">
      <title>Ôï Ðñüãñáììá ×ñÞóôç</title>

      <para>Ç êáôçãïñßá áõôÞ ðåñéëáìâÜíåé ðñïãñÜììáôá üðùò ôá
	<application>mutt</application>,
	<application>alpine</application>, <application>elm</application>,
	êáé <command>mail</command>, êáèþò êáé ðñïãñÜììáôá ðïõ äéáèÝôïõí
	<acronym>GUI</acronym> üðùò åßíáé ôá
	<application>balsa</application>,
	<application>xfmail</application> (ãéá íá äþóïõìå ìåñéêÜ
	ðáñáäåßãìáôá) êáé êÜðïéá ðéï
	<quote>åîåëéãìÝíá</quote> üðùò åßíáé ïé öõëëïìåôñçôÝò ãéá ôï WWW.
	Ôá ðñïãñÜììáôá áõôÜ, áðëþò ìåôáâéâÜæïõí ôéò óõíáëëáãÝò ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ
	óôïí ôïðéêü <link linkend="mail-host"><quote>mailhost</quote></link>,
	åßôå êáëþíôáò êÜðïéïí áðü ôïõò <link linkend="mail-mta">äáßìïíåò ôïõ
	åîõðçñåôçôÞ</link> ðïõ åßíáé äéáèÝóéìïé, Þ ðáñáäßäïíôáò ôéò
	áðåõèåßáò ìÝóù <acronym>TCP</acronym>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="mail-mta">
      <title>Äáßìïíáò ÅîõðçñåôçôÞ Mailhost</title>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>mail server daemons</primary>
	<secondary><application>sendmail</application></secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>mail server daemons</primary>
	<secondary><application>postfix</application></secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>mail server daemons</primary>
	<secondary><application>qmail</application></secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>mail server daemons</primary>
	<secondary><application>exim</application></secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>Ôï &os; Ýñ÷åôáé ìå ôï <application>sendmail</application>
	åãêáôåóôçìÝíï áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ, áëëÜ õðïóôçñßæåé åðßóçò êáé ìåãÜëï
	áñéèìü áðü Üëëïõò äáßìïíåò ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ, ðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíùí
	êáé ôùí:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para><application>exim</application></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><application>postfix</application></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><application>qmail</application></para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>Ï äáßìïíáò Ý÷åé óõíÞèùò äýï ëåéôïõñãßåò&mdash;åßíáé õðåýèõíïò ãéá
	ôç ëÞøç åéóåñ÷üìåíïõ mail, üðùò åðßóçò êáé ôçí ðáñÜäïóç ôïõ
	åîåñ÷üìåíïõ mail.  ¼ìùò, <emphasis>äåí åßíáé</emphasis> õðåýèõíïò ãéá
	ôç óõëëïãÞ ôïõ mail ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç ðñùôïêüëëùí üðùò ôá
	<acronym>POP</acronym> Þ <acronym>IMAP</acronym> ãéá ôçí áíÜãíùóç ôïõ
	ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ óáò, ïýôå åðéôñÝðåé ôç óýíäåóç óôéò ôïðéêÝò èõñßäåò
	ôýðïõ <filename>mbox</filename> Þ Maildir.  Ðéèáíüí íá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå
	êÜðïéï åðéðñüóèåôï <link linkend="mail-receive">äáßìïíá</link> ãéá
	áõôü ôï óêïðü.</para>

      <warning>
	<para>Ðáëéüôåñåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ <application>sendmail</application>
	  Ý÷ïõí êÜðïéá óïâáñÜ ðñïâëÞìáôá áóöáëåßáò, ìÝóù ôùí ïðïßùí ìðïñåß
	  êÜðïéïò åéóâïëÝáò íá áðïêôÞóåé ôïðéêÞ Þ áðïìáêñõóìÝíç
	  ðñüóâáóç óôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò.  Ãéá íá áðïöýãåôå ðñïâëÞìáôá ôÝôïéïõ
	  åßäïõò, âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå êÜðïéá ðñüóöáôç Ýêäïóç.
	  ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, ìðïñåßôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå êÜðïéï Üëëï
	  <acronym>MTA</acronym> áðü ôçí <link linkend="ports">ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí
	  Ports ôïõ &os;</link>.</para>
      </warning>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="mail-dns">
      <title>Email êáé DNS</title>

      <para>Ôï Óýóôçìá Ïíïìáóßáò Ðåñéï÷þí (DNS) êáé ï äáßìïíáò ôïõ, ï
	<command>named</command>, Ý÷ïõí óçìáíôéêü ñüëï óôçí ðáñÜäïóç ôïõ
	email.  Ãéá ôçí ðáñÜäïóç ôïõ email áðü ôï Ýíá site óå Ýíá Üëëï, ï
	äáßìïíáò ôïõ åîõðçñåôçôÞ èá øÜîåé ãéá ôï áðïìáêñõóìÝíï site óôï DNS,
	ãéá íá êáèïñßóåé ðïéïò õðïëïãéóôÞò ëáìâÜíåé ôï email ãéá ôï
	óõãêåêñéìÝíï ðñïïñéóìü.  Ç äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ óõìâáßíåé åðßóçò üôáí ï
	äéêüò óáò åîõðçñåôçôÞò ëáìâÜíåé email áðü êÜðïéï áðïìáêñõóìÝíï
	õðïëïãéóôÞ.</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>MX record</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>Ôï <acronym>DNS</acronym> åßíáé õðåýèõíï ãéá ôçí áíôéóôïß÷çóç
	ïíïìÜôùí õðïëïãéóôþí óå äéåõèýíóåéò IP, üðùò êáé ãéá ôçí áðïèÞêåõóç
	ðëçñïöïñéþí ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôçí ðáñÜäïóç çëåêôñïíéêïý
	ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ, üðùò ïé åããñáöÝò MX.  Ç åããñáöÞ MX (Mail Exchanger)
	áíáãíùñßæåé ðïéïò õðïëïãéóôÞò (Þ õðïëïãéóôÝò) èá åßíáé õðåýèõíïò
	ãéá ôç ëÞøç ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ åíüò óõãêåêñéìÝíïõ ôïìÝá (domain).  Áí äåí
	Ý÷åôå åããñáöÞ MX ãéá ôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ Þ ôïí ôïìÝá óáò, ôï email èá
	ðáñáäßäåôáé áðåõèåßáò óôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò, ìå ôçí ðñïûðüèåóÞ üôé
	Ý÷åôå åããñáöÞ ôýðïõ A ðïõ íá äåß÷íåé óôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò Þ óôçí
	IP äéåýèõíóç ôïõ.</para>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá äåßôå ôéò åããñáöÝò MX ãéá ïðïéïäÞðïôå ôïìÝá,
	÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.host.1;, üðùò öáßíåôáé óôï
	ðáñáêÜôù ðáñÜäåéãìá:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>host -t mx FreeBSD.org</userinput>
FreeBSD.org mail is handled (pri=10) by mx1.FreeBSD.org</screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="mail-receive">
      <title>ËáìâÜíïíôáò Mail</title>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>email</primary>
	<secondary>receiving</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>Ï mailhost åßíáé õðåýèõíïò ãéá ôçí ëÞøç mail ðïõ ðñïïñßæåôáé ãéá
	ôïí ôïìÝá óáò.  Èá óõëëÝîåé üëï ôï mail ðïõ Ýñ÷åôáé ðñïò ôïí ôïìÝá,
	êáé èá ôï áðïèçêåýóåé åßôå óôï
	<filename>mbox</filename> (ôçí ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç ìÝèïäï ãéá áðïèÞêåõóç
	mail) Þ óå ìïñöÞ Maildir, áíÜëïãá ìå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ðïõ Ý÷åôå êÜíåé.
	Áðü ôç óôéãìÞ ðïõ ôï mail Ý÷åé áðïèçêåõèåß, ìðïñåßôå åßôå íá ôï
	äéáâÜóåôå ôïðéêÜ, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò åöáñìïãÝò üðùò ôï
	&man.mail.1; Þ ôï <application>mutt</application>, Þ íá ôï äåßôå
	ìÝóù áðïìáêñõóìÝíçò óýíäåóçò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò êÜðïéï ðñùôüêïëëï üðùò
	ôï <acronym>POP</acronym> Þ ôï <acronym>IMAP</acronym>.
	Áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé áí åðéèõìåßôå íá äéáâÜæåôå ôï mail óáò ìüíï ôïðéêÜ,
	äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå åîõðçñåôçôÞ
	<acronym>POP</acronym> Þ <acronym>IMAP</acronym>.</para>

      <sect3 id="pop-and-imap">
	<title>Ðñüóâáóç óå ÁðïìáêñõóìÝíåò Èõñßäåò ìÝóù <acronym>POP</acronym>
	  êáé <acronym>IMAP</acronym></title>

	<indexterm><primary>POP</primary></indexterm>
	<indexterm><primary>IMAP</primary></indexterm>
	<para>Ãéá íá Ý÷åôå áðïìáêñõóìÝíç ðñüóâáóç óôéò èõñßäåò ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ,
	  åßíáé áðáñáßôçôï íá Ý÷åôå ðñüóâáóç óå Ýíá åîõðçñåôçôÞ
	  <acronym>POP</acronym> Þ <acronym>IMAP</acronym>.  Ôá ðñùôüêïëëá
	  áõôÜ, åðéôñÝðïõí óôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò íá óõíäÝïíôáé óôéò èõñßäåò ôïõò
	  áðü áðüóôáóç, ìå ìåãÜëç åõêïëßá.  Êáé ôá äýï ðñùôüêïëëá
	  (<acronym>POP</acronym> êáé <acronym>IMAP</acronym>) åðéôñÝðïõí
	  óôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò áðïìáêñõóìÝíç ðñüóâáóç óôéò èõñßäåò ôïõò, áëëÜ ôï
	  <acronym>IMAP</acronym> ðñïóöÝñåé áñêåôÜ ðëåïíåêôÞìáôá, ïñéóìÝíá
	  áðü ôá ïðïßá öáßíïíôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	<itemizedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>Ôï <acronym>IMAP</acronym> ìðïñåß íá áðïèçêåýóåé ìçíýìáôá
	      óå Ýíá áðïìáêñõóìÝíï åîõðçñåôçôÞ, üðùò åðßóçò êáé íá ôá
	      áíáêôÞóåé.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Ôï <acronym>IMAP</acronym> õðïóôçñßæåé ôáõôü÷ñïíåò
	      åíçìåñþóåéò.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Ôï <acronym>IMAP</acronym> ìðïñåß íá öáíåß åîáéñåôéêÜ
	      ÷ñÞóéìï óå óõíäÝóåéò ÷áìçëÞò ôá÷ýôçôáò, êáèþò åðéôñÝðåé óôïõò
	      ÷ñÞóôåò íá êáôåâÜóïõí ôç äïìÞ ôùí ìçíõìÜôùí, ÷ùñßò íá
	      êáôåâÜóïõí ôï ðåñéå÷üìåíï ôïõò.  Ìðïñåß åðßóçò íá åêôåëÝóåé
	      åñãáóßåò üðùò åýñåóç ìçíõìÜôùí áðåõèåßáò óôïí åîõðçñåôçôÞ,
	      åëá÷éóôïðïéþíôáò ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï ôç ìåôáöïñÜ äåäïìÝíùí
	      ìåôáîý ôùí ðåëáôþí êáé ôùí åîõðçñåôçôþí.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</itemizedlist>

	<para>Ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå Ýíá åîõðçñåôçôÞ <acronym>POP</acronym> Þ
	  <acronym>IMAP</acronym> èá ðñÝðåé íá áêïëïõèÞóåôå ôá åðüìåíá
	  âÞìáôá:</para>

	<procedure>
	  <step>
	    <para>ÅðéëÝîôå Ýíá åîõðçñåôçôÞ <acronym>IMAP</acronym> Þ
	      <acronym>POP</acronym> ðïõ íá åîõðçñåôåß ôéò áíÜãêåò óáò.
	      Ïé ðáñáêÜôù åîõðçñåôçôÝò <acronym>POP</acronym> êáé
	      <acronym>IMAP</acronym> åßíáé áñêåôÜ äéáäåäïìÝíïé êáé áðïôåëïýí
	      êáëÜ ðáñáäåßãìáôá:</para>

	    <itemizedlist>
	      <listitem>
		<para><application>qpopper</application></para>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
		<para><application>teapop</application></para>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
		<para><application>imap-uw</application></para>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
		<para><application>courier-imap</application></para>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
		<para><application>dovecot</application></para>
	      </listitem>
	    </itemizedlist>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>ÅãêáôáóôÞóôå ôï äáßìïíá <acronym>POP</acronym> Þ
	      <acronym>IMAP</acronym> ôçò åðéëïãÞò óáò, áðü ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí
	      Ports.</para>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>Áí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé, ôñïðïðïéÞóôå ôï áñ÷åßï
	      <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> ãéá íá öïñôþóåôå ôïí
	      åîõðçñåôçôÞ <acronym>POP</acronym> Þ
	      <acronym>IMAP</acronym>.</para>
	  </step>
	</procedure>

	<warning>
	  <para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá óçìåéþóïõìå üôé ôüóï ôï <acronym>POP</acronym>
	    üóï êáé ôï <acronym>IMAP</acronym> ìåôáäßäïõí ðëçñïöïñßåò üðùò
	    ôï üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç êáé ôïí êùäéêü óå ìïñöÞ áðëïý êåéìÝíïõ.  Áõôü
	    óçìáßíåé üôé áí èÝëåôå íá áóöáëßóåôå ôç ìåôÜäïóç ðëçñïöïñéþí
	    ìÝóù áõôþí ôùí ðñùôïêüëëùí, èá ðñÝðåé íá ðåñÜóåôå áõôÝò ôéò
	    óõíäÝóåéò ìÝóù ôïõ &man.ssh.1; (tunneling) Þ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
	    SSL.  Ç äéáäéêáóßá tunneling ðåñéãñÜöåôáé ìå ëåðôïìÝñåéá óôï
	    <xref linkend="security-ssh-tunneling"/> êáé ôï SSL óôï
	    <xref linkend="openssl"/>.</para>
	</warning>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="local">
	<title>Ðñüóâáóç óå ÔïðéêÝò Èõñßäåò Ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ</title>

	<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá Ý÷åôå ôïðéêÞ ðñüóâáóç óôéò èõñßäåò ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò áðåõèåßáò êÜðïéï ðñüãñáììá áðïóôïëÞò/ëÞøçò
	  (<acronym>MUA</acronym>) óôïí åîõðçñåôçôÞ ðïõ åßíáé áðïèçêåõìÝíåò.
	  ÊáôÜëëçëåò åöáñìïãÝò ãéá áõôü ôï óêïðü åßíáé ð.÷. ôï
	  <application>mutt</application> Þ ôï &man.mail.1;.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="mail-host">
      <title>Ï ÅîõðçñåôçôÞò Mail</title>
      <indexterm><primary>mail host</primary></indexterm>

      <para>ÅîõðçñåôçôÞò mail èåùñåßôáé ï õðïëïãéóôÞò ï ïðïßïò
	åßíáé õðåýèõíïò ãéá ôçí ðáñÜäïóç êáé ëÞøç mail ãéá ôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ
	óáò, êáé åíäå÷ïìÝíùò ãéá ôï äßêôõï óáò.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="sendmail">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Christopher</firstname>
	  <surname>Shumway</surname>
	  <contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ <application>sendmail</application></title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary><application>sendmail</application></primary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>Ôï &man.sendmail.8; åßíáé ï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíïò Áíôéðñüóùðïò ÌåôáöïñÜò
      Ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ (Mail Transfer Agent, MTA) óôï &os;.  ÄïõëåéÜ ôïõ åßíáé íá
      äÝ÷åôáé ôï email áðü ôïõò Áíôéðñïóþðïõò Email ×ñÞóôç
      (Mail User Agents, <acronym>MUA</acronym>) êáé íá ôï ðáñáäßäåé óôï
      êáôÜëëçëï mailer ðïõ ïñßæåôáé óôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ.  Ôï
      <application>sendmail</application> ìðïñåß åðßóçò íá äå÷èåß óõíäÝóåéò
      äéêôýïõ êáé íá ðáñáäþóåé ôï mail óå ôïðéêÝò èõñßäåò Þ êáé óå êÜðïéï
      Üëëï ðñüãñáììá.</para>

    <para>Ôï <application>sendmail</application> ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôá áêüëïõèá
      áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí:</para>

    <indexterm>
      <primary><filename>/etc/mail/access</filename></primary>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary><filename>/etc/mail/aliases</filename></primary>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary><filename>/etc/mail/local-host-names</filename></primary>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary><filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename></primary>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary><filename>/etc/mail/mailertable</filename></primary>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary><filename>/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</filename></primary>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary><filename>/etc/mail/virtusertable</filename></primary>
    </indexterm>
    <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
      <tgroup cols="2">
	<thead>
	  <row>
	    <entry>¼íïìá Áñ÷åßïõ</entry>
	    <entry>Ëåéôïõñãßá</entry>
	  </row>
	</thead>

	<tbody>
	  <row>
	    <entry>
	      <filename>/etc/mail/access</filename>
	    </entry>

	    <entry>Ç âÜóç äåäïìÝíùí ðñüóâáóçò ôïõ
	      <application>sendmail</application>.</entry>
	  </row>

	  <row>
	    <entry>
	      <filename>/etc/mail/aliases</filename>
	    </entry>

	    <entry>Ðáñùíýìéá (aliases) ãéá ôéò èõñßäåò (Mailboxes)</entry>
	  </row>

	  <row>
	    <entry>
	      <filename>/etc/mail/local-host-names</filename>
	    </entry>

	    <entry>Ëßóôá ôùí õðïëïãéóôþí ãéá ôïõò ïðïßïõò ôï
	      <application>sendmail</application> äÝ÷åôáé mail</entry>
	  </row>

	  <row>
	    <entry>
	      <filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename>
	    </entry>

	    <entry>Ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ ðñïãñÜììáôïò mailer</entry>
	  </row>

	  <row>
	    <entry>
	      <filename>/etc/mail/mailertable</filename>
	    </entry>

	    <entry>Ðßíáêáò ðáñáäüóåùí ôïõ mailer</entry>
	  </row>

	  <row>
	    <entry>
	      <filename>/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</filename>
	    </entry>

	    <entry>Ôï êåíôñéêü áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ
	      <application>sendmail</application></entry>
	  </row>

	  <row>
	    <entry>
	      <filename>/etc/mail/virtusertable</filename>
	    </entry>

	    <entry>Ðßíáêáò åéêïíéêþí ÷ñçóôþí êáé ðåñéï÷þí (domains)</entry>
	  </row>
	</tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </informaltable>

    <sect2>
      <title><filename>/etc/mail/access</filename></title>

      <para>Ç âÜóç äåäïìÝíùí ðñüóâáóçò êáèïñßæåé ðïéïé õðïëïãéóôÝò Þ
	äéåõèýíóåéò IP Ý÷ïõí ðñüóâáóç óôïí ôïðéêü åîõðçñåôçôÞ mail êáé ôé
	åßäïõò ðñüóâáóç Ý÷ïõí.  Ç êáôá÷þñçóç åíüò õðïëïãéóôÞ ìðïñåß íá Ý÷åé
	ôéò åðéëïãÝò <option>OK</option>, <option>REJECT</option>,
	<option>RELAY</option> Þ áðëÜ íá ìåôáâéâÜæåé ôïí Ýëåã÷ï óôç ñïõôßíá
	äéá÷åßñéóçò ëáèþí ôïõ <application>sendmail</application> ìå êÜðïéï
	óõãêåêñéìÝíï óöÜëìá.  Ïé õðïëïãéóôÝò ðïõ åßíáé êáôá÷ùñçìÝíïé ìå ôçí
	åðéëïãÞ <option>OK</option>, ç ïðïßá åßíáé êáé ç ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç,
	åðéôñÝðåôáé íá óôåßëïõí email óå áõôü ôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ, åöüóïí ï
	ôåëéêüò ðñïïñéóìüò ôïõ ìçíýìáôïò åßíáé ôï ôïðéêü ìç÷Üíçìá.  Ïé
	õðïëïãéóôÝò ðïõ åßíáé êáôá÷ùñçìÝíïé ìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
	<option>REJECT</option> áðïññßðôïíôáé ãéá ïðïéáäÞðïôå åðéêïéíùíßá
	Ý÷åé íá êÜíåé ìå ìåôÜäïóç mail.  Ïé õðïëïãéóôÝò ðïõ åßíáé
	êáôá÷ùñçìÝíïé ìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>RELAY</option>, Ý÷ïõí ôç
	äõíáôüôçôá íá óôåßëïõí mail ðñïò ïðïéáäÞðïôå êáôåýèõíóç ìÝóù ôïõ
	óõãêåêñéìÝíïõ åîõðçñåôçôÞ.</para>

      <example>
	<title>Ñýèìéóç ôçò ÂÜóçò ÄåäïìÝíùí Ðñüóâáóçò ôïõ
	  <application>sendmail</application></title>

	<programlisting>cyberspammer.com                550 We do not accept mail from spammers
FREE.STEALTH.MAILER@            550 We do not accept mail from spammers
another.source.of.spam          REJECT
okay.cyberspammer.com           OK
128.32                          RELAY</programlisting>
      </example>

      <para>Óå áõôü ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá Ý÷ïõìå ðÝíôå êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò.  Ïé äéåõèýíóåéò
	ðïõ öáßíïíôáé óôçí áñéóôåñÞ ðëåõñÜ ôïõ ðßíáêá, åðçñåÜæïíôáé áðü ôç
	åíÝñãåéá ðïõ öáßíåôáé óôç äåîéÜ ðëåõñÜ.  Ôá ðñþôá äýï ðáñáäåßãìáôá,
	åðéóôñÝöïõí Ýíá êùäéêü óöÜëìáôïò óôç ñïõôßíá äéá÷åßñéóçò ëáèþí ôïõ
	<application>sendmail</application>.  Ôï ìÞíõìá åêôõðþíåôáé óôïí
	áðïìáêñõóìÝíï õðïëïãéóôÞ, üôáí ôï mail ðïõ ëáìâÜíåôáé áíÞêåé óå
	êÜðïéá áðü ôéò êáôçãïñßåò ôçò áñéóôåñÞò ðëåõñÜò ôïõ ðßíáêá.
	Ç åðüìåíç êáôá÷þñçóç áðïññßðôåé ôçí ðáñáëáâÞ mail áðü Ýíá
	óõãêåêñéìÝíï õðïëïãéóôÞ óôï Internet, ôïí
	<hostid>another.source.of.spam</hostid>.  Ç åðüìåíç êáôá÷þñçóç êÜíåé
	äåêôÝò ôéò óõíäÝóåéò mail áðü ôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ
	<hostid role="fqdn">okay.cyberspammer.com</hostid>, ôï üíïìá ôïõ
	ïðïßïõ ðñïóäéïñßæåôáé áêñéâÝóôåñá óå ó÷Ýóç ìå ôç ãñáììÞ
	<hostid role="domainname">cyberspammer.com</hostid> ðïõ åßäáìå
	ðáñáðÜíù.  ÃñáììÝò ðïõ êáèïñßæïõí ïíüìáôá ìå ìåãáëýôåñç áêñßâåéá,
	Ý÷ïõí ðñïôåñáéüôçôá óå ó÷Ýóç ìå ðéï áíáêñéâåßò.  Ç ôåëåõôáßá
	êáôá÷þñçóç åðéôñÝðåé ôçí áíáìåôÜäïóç (relaying) çëåêôñïíéêïý
	ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ áðü õðïëïãéóôÝò ìå äéåõèýíóåéò IP ðïõ îåêéíÜíå ìå
	<hostid>128.32</hostid>.  Ïé õðïëïãéóôÝò áõôïß, ìðïñïýí íá óôåßëïõí
	mail ìÝóù ôïõ óõãêåêñéìÝíïõ åîõðçñåôçôÞ, ôï ïðïßï íá êáôåõèýíåôáé óå
	Üëëïõò åîõðçñåôçôÝò ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ.</para>

      <para>Óå ðåñßðôùóç áíáíÝùóçò áõôïý ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ, èá ðñÝðåé íá åêôåëÝóåôå
	ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>make</command> óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	<filename>/etc/mail/</filename> ãéá íá áíáíåþóåôå ôç âÜóç
	äåäïìÝíùí.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title><filename>/etc/mail/aliases</filename></title>

      <para>Ç âÜóç äåäïìÝíùí ôùí ðáñùíõìßùí (aliases), ðåñéÝ÷åé ìéá ëßóôá áðü
	åéêïíéêÝò èõñßäåò ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ ðïõ åðåêôåßíïíôáé óå Üëëïõò ÷ñÞóôåò,
	áñ÷åßá Þ êáé Üëëá ðáñùíýìéá.  ÌåñéêÜ ðáñáäåßãìáôá ÷ñÞóçò ôïõ
	<filename>/etc/mail/aliases</filename> öáßíïíôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <example>
	<title>Ðáñùíýìéá Mail</title>

	<programlisting>root: localuser
ftp-bugs: joe,eric,paul
bit.bucket:  /dev/null
procmail: "|/usr/local/bin/procmail"</programlisting>
      </example>

      <para>Ç ìïñöÞ ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ åßíáé áðëÞ.  Ôï üíïìá ôçò èõñßäáò âñßóêåôáé
	óôçí áñéóôåñÞ ðëåõñÜ ôçò Üíù-êÜôù ôåëåßáò, êáé åðåêôåßíåôáé óôïí
	ðñïïñéóìü ðïõ âñßóêåôáé óôç äåîéÜ ðëåõñÜ.  Ôï ðñþôï ðáñÜäåéãìá,
	ïñßæåé üôé ç èõñßäá ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç <username>root</username> èá
	åßíáé óôçí ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá ç èõñßäá <username>localuser</username>.
	Ãéá ôçí èõñßäá áõôÞ, ãßíåôáé îáíÜ áíáæÞôçóç óôç âÜóç äåäïìÝíùí ôùí
	ðáñùíõìéþí.  Áí äåí âñåèåß Üëëï üíïìá ðïõ íá ôáéñéÜæåé, ôï ìÞíõìá èá
	ðáñáäïèåß óôïí ôïðéêü ÷ñÞóôç <username>localuser</username>.  Ôï
	åðüìåíï ðáñÜäåéãìá äåß÷íåé ìéá ëßóôá ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ.  Ôá ìçíýìáôá ðïõ
	áðåõèýíïíôáé óôç èõñßäá <username>ftp-bugs</username>, êáôåõèýíïíôáé
	óå ôñåéò ôïðéêÝò èõñßäåò, ôéò <username>joe</username>,
	<username>eric</username> êáé <username>paul</username>.  Óçìåéþóôå
	üôé åßíáé äõíáôüí íá êáèïñéóôåß ìéá áðïìáêñõóìÝíç èõñßäá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôç ìïñöÞ <email>user@example.com</email>.
	Ôï åðüìåíï ðáñÜäåéãìá, äåß÷íåé ðùò ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé åããñáöÞ ôïõ mail
	óå Ýíá áñ÷åßï, óôç óõãêåêñéìÝíç ðåñßðôùóç ôï
	<filename>/dev/null</filename>.  Ôï ôåëåõôáßï ðáñÜäåéãìá,
	äåß÷íåé ðùò ãßíåôáé ç áðïóôïëÞ mail ðñïò Ýíá ðñüãñáììá.
	Óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá áõôü, ôï ìÞíõìá ãñÜöåôáé óôçí ôõðïðïéçìÝíç åßóïäï
	(standard input) ôïõ ðñïãñÜììáôïò
	<filename>/usr/local/bin/procmail</filename> ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò Ýíá
	&unix; pipe.</para>

      <para>ÊÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ ãßíåôáé åíçìÝñùóç áõôïý ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ, èá ðñÝðåé íá
	åêôåëåßôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>make</command> óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	<filename>/etc/mail/</filename>, þóôå íá åíçìåñùèåß ç âÜóç
	äåäïìÝíùí.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title><filename>/etc/mail/local-host-names</filename></title>

      <para>Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ìéá ëßóôá áðü ïíüìáôá õðïëïãéóôþí, ôçí ïðïßá ôï
	&man.sendmail.8; èá äÝ÷åôáé ùò ïíüìáôá ãéá ôï ôïðéêü ìç÷Üíçìá.
	ÔïðïèåôÞóôå óå áõôÞí ôá ïíüìáôá ôùí õðïëïãéóôþí Þ ôùí ôïìÝùí ãéá ôïõò
	ïðïßïõò èÝëåôå ôï <application>sendmail</application> íá ëáìâÜíåé
	mail.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí ï óõãêåêñéìÝíïò åîõðçñåôçôÞò mail ðñüêåéôáé
	íá ëáìâÜíåé mail ãéá ôïí ôïìÝá
	<hostid role="domainname">example.com</hostid> êáé ãéá ôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ
	<hostid role="fqdn">mail.example.com</hostid>, ôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>local-host-names</filename> èá ìïéÜæåé ìå ôï
	ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <programlisting>example.com
mail.example.com</programlisting>

      <para>ÊÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ åíçìåñþíåôáé áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï, èá ðñÝðåé íá ãßíåôáé
	åðáíåêêßíçóç ôïõ &man.sendmail.8; ãéá íá äéáâÜóåé ôéò áëëáãÝò.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title><filename>/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</filename></title>

      <para>Ôï <filename>sendmail.cf</filename> åßíáé ôï êåíôñéêü áñ÷åßï
	ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ <application>sendmail</application>.  Ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü
	ñõèìßæåé ôç óõíïëéêÞ óõìðåñéöïñÜ ôïõ
	<application>sendmail</application>, ðïõ ðåñéëáìâÜíåé ìåôáîý Üëëùí
	ôçí åðáíåããñáöÞ äéåõèýíóåùí êáé ôçí áðïóôïëÞ ìçíõìÜôùí áðüññéøçò ðñïò
	áðïìáêñõóìÝíïõò åîõðçñåôçôÝò mail.  Êáèþò ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü ðåñéÝ÷åé ôüóï
	äéáöïñåôéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò, åßíáé öõóéêü íá åßíáé áñêåôÜ ðïëýðëïêï êáé
	ïé ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ôïõ åßíáé Ýîù áðü ôï óêïðü áõôÞò ôçò åíüôçôáò.
	Åõôõ÷þò, áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï óðÜíéá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá áëëá÷èåß óå ôõðéêïýò
	åîõðçñåôçôÝò mail.</para>

      <para>Ôï âáóéêü áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ <application>sendmail</application>
	ìðïñåß íá ðáñá÷èåß ìå ôç âïÞèåéá ìáêñïåíôïëþí ôýðïõ
	&man.m4.1; ðïõ êáèïñßæïõí ôç óõìðåñéöïñÜ êáé ôá ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ ôïõ
	<application>sendmail</application>.  Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò,
	ðáñáêáëïýìå äéáâÜóôå ôï
	<filename>/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README</filename>.</para>

      <para>Ãéá íá éó÷ýóïõí ïé áëëáãÝò ðïõ êÜíåôå óå áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï, èá ðñÝðåé
	íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï <application>sendmail</application>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title><filename>/etc/mail/virtusertable</filename></title>

      <para>Ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>virtusertable</filename> áíôéóôïé÷åß
	äéåõèýíóåéò mail åéêïíéêþí ôïìÝùí óå ðñáãìáôéêÝò èõñßäåò ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ.
	Ïé èõñßäåò áõôÝò ìðïñåß íá åßíáé ôïðéêÝò, áðïìáêñõóìÝíåò, ðáñùíýìéá
	ðïõ Ý÷ïõí ïñéóôåß óôï <filename>/etc/mail/aliases</filename>,
	Þ áñ÷åßá.</para>

      <example>
	<title>ÐáñÜäåéãìá Áíôéóôïß÷çóçò Mail Åéêïíéêïý ÔïìÝá</title>

	<programlisting>root@example.com                root
postmaster@example.com          postmaster@noc.example.net
@example.com                    joe</programlisting>
      </example>

      <para>Óôï ðáñáðÜíù ðáñÜäåéãìá, Ý÷ïõìå ìéá áíôéóôïß÷çóç ãéá ôïí ôïìÝá
	<hostid role="domainname">example.com</hostid>.  Ç åðåîåñãáóßá áõôïý
	ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ ãßíåôáé áðü ðÜíù ðñïò ôá êÜôù, êáé óôáìáôÜåé óôçí åýñåóç
	ôïõ ðñþôïõ ïíüìáôïò ðïõ ôáéñéÜæåé.  Ç ðñþôç ãñáììÞ ôïõ ðáñáäåßãìáôïò,
	áíôéóôïé÷åß ôï <email>root@example.com</email> óôçí ôïðéêÞ èõñßäá
	<username>root</username>.  Ç åðüìåíç êáôá÷þñçóç áíôéóôïé÷åß ôï
	<email>postmaster@example.com</email> óôç èõñßäá
	<username>postmaster</username> óôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ
	<hostid role="fqdn">noc.example.net</hostid>.  ÔÝëïò, áí äåí âñåèåß
	êáìéÜ áíôéóôïß÷çóç ãéá ôïí ôïìÝá
	<hostid role="domainname">example.com</hostid>, èá åöáñìïóôåß ç
	ôåëåõôáßá áíôéóôïß÷çóç, ç ïðïßá ôáéñéÜæåé ìå ïðïéïäÞðïôå mail óôáëèåß
	ðñïò ôïí ôïìÝá <hostid role="domainname">example.com</hostid>.
	Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ, ôï ìÞíõìá èá ðáñáäïèåß óôçí ôïðéêÞ èõñßäá
	<username>joe</username>.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="mail-changingmta">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Andrew</firstname>
	  <surname>Boothman</surname>
	  <contrib>ÃñÜöçêå áðü ôïí </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Gregory</firstname>
	  <surname>Neil Shapiro</surname>
	  <contrib>Ïé ðëçñïöïñßåò ðïõ ðñïÝñ÷ïíôáé áðü e-mails Ý÷ïõí ãñáöåß
	    áðü ôïí </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>ÁëëÜæïíôáò ôïí Áíôéðñüóùðï ÌåôáöïñÜò Ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ (MTA)</title>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>email</primary>
      <secondary>change mta</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>¼ðùò Ý÷ïõìå Þäç áíáöÝñåé, ôï &os; Ýñ÷åôáé ìå ôï
      <application>sendmail</application> ðñïåãêáôåóôçìÝíï ùò Áíôéðñüóùðï
      ÌåôáöïñÜò Ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ (Mail Transfer Agent, MTA).  Ôï ðñüãñáììá áõôü
      åßíáé áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ õðåýèõíï ãéá ôçí åéóåñ÷üìåíç êáé åîåñ÷üìåíç
      áëëçëïãñáößá.</para>

    <para>ÕðÜñ÷åé ùóôüóï ðëçèþñá ëüãùí ãéá ôïõò ïðïßïõò êÜðïéïé äéá÷åéñéóôÝò
      åðéëÝãïõí íá áëëÜîïõí ôï MTA ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò ôïõò.  Ïé ëüãïé áõôïß
      êõìáßíïíôáé áðü ôï üôé áðëÜ èÝëïõí íá äïêéìÜóïõí êÜðïéï Üëëï MTA, ùò
      êáé ôï üôé ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé êÜðïéï éäéáßôåñï ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêü Þ äõíáôüôçôá ðïõ
      õðÜñ÷åé óå êÜðïéï Üëëï mailer.  Åõôõ÷þò, ôï &os; êÜíåé åýêïëç ôçí áëëáãÞ
      ôïõ áíôéðñïóþðïõ.</para>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÅãêáôáóôÞóôå ÍÝï MTA</title>

      <para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí áñêåôïß MTA ãéá íá åðéëÝîåôå.  ¸íá êáëü óçìåßï åêêßíçóçò
	åßíáé ç <link linkend="ports">ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports ôïõ &os;</link> üðïõ
	êáé èá ìðïñÝóåôå íá âñåßôå áñêåôïýò.  ÖõóéêÜ åßóôå åëåýèåñïò íá
	åðéëÝîåôå üðïéï MTA èÝëåôå áðü ïðïõäÞðïôå, üóï ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí ìðïñåßôå
	íá ôï êÜíåôå íá åêôåëåßôå óôï &os;.</para>

      <para>ÎåêéíÞóôå åãêáèéóôþíôáò ôï íÝï óáò MTA.  ÌåôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç, èá
	Ý÷åôå ôçí åõêáéñßá íá áðïöáóßóåôå áí ðñáãìáôéêÜ êáëýðôåé ôéò áíÜãêåò
	óáò, êáèþò êáé íá ïëïêëçñþóåôå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ ðñéí ìåôáöÝñåôå ôç
	äéá÷åßñéóç mail ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò áðü ôï
	<application>sendmail</application> óôï íÝï óáò ðñüãñáììá.  ÊáôÜ ôçí
	åãêáôÜóôáóç, âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ôï íÝï óáò ëïãéóìéêü äåí èá ðñïóðáèÞóåé
	íá åãêáôáóôáèåß ðÜíù óôá õðÜñ÷ïíôá åêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò, üðùò ôï
	<filename>/usr/bin/sendmail</filename>.  ÄéáöïñåôéêÜ, èá Ý÷åôå
	ïõóéáóôéêÜ âÜëåé ôï íÝï óáò ëïãéóìéêü mail óå ÷ñÞóç, ðñéí ðñïëÜâåôå
	êáëÜ-êáëÜ íá ôï ñõèìßóåôå.</para>

      <para>Ðáñáêáëïýìå íá äéáâÜóåôå ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ôïõ MTA ðïõ åðéëÝîáôå,
	ãéá ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôç ñýèìéóç ôïõ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="mail-disable-sendmail">
      <title>ÁðåíåñãïðïéÞóôå ôï <application>sendmail</application></title>

      <warning>
	<para>Áí áðåíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôç äõíáôüôçôá áðïóôïëÞò (åîåñ÷üìåíá) ôïõ
	  <application>sendmail</application>, åßíáé óçìáíôéêü íá ôçí
	  áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå ìå Ýíá åíáëëáêôéêü óýóôçìá ðáñÜäïóçò mail.  Áí
	  åðéëÝîåôå íá ìçí êÜíåôå ôï ðáñáðÜíù, ôá ìçíýìáôá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò,
	  üðùò áõôÜ ðïõ ðáñÜãïíôáé áðü ôï &man.periodic.8;, äåí èá ìðïñïýí
	  íá ðáñáäïèïýí ìÝóù email, üðùò åßíáé ôï áíáìåíüìåíï.  ÐïëëÜ
	  ôìÞìáôá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò áíáìÝíïõí üôé õðÜñ÷åé óå ëåéôïõñãßá
	  Ýíá óýóôçìá óõìâáôü ìå ôï <application>sendmail</application>.
	  Áí ïé åöáñìïãÝò óõíå÷ßæïõí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôá åêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ
	  <application>sendmail</application> ðñïóðáèþíôáò íá óôåßëïõí
	  email ìåôÜ ôçí áðåíåñãïðïßçóç ôïõ, ôï mail ðéèáíþò èá
	  âñåèåß óå ìéá áíåíåñãÞ ïõñÜ ôïõ
	  <application>sendmail</application> êáé äåí èá ðáñáäïèåß
	  ðïôÝ.</para>
      </warning>

      <para>Ãéá íá áðåíåñãïðïéÞóåôå åíôåëþò ôï
	<application>sendmail</application>, óõìðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíçò êáé ôçò
	õðçñåóßáò åîåñ÷üìåíùí ìçíõìÜôùí, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå:</para>

      <programlisting>sendmail_enable="NO"
sendmail_submit_enable="NO"
sendmail_outbound_enable="NO"
sendmail_msp_queue_enable="NO"</programlisting>

      <para>óôï <filename>/etc/rc.conf.</filename></para>

      <para>Áí èÝëåôå íá áðåíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ìüíï ôçí õðçñåóßá åéóåñ÷ïìÝíùí
	ôïõ <application>sendmail</application> èá ðñÝðåé íá èÝóåôå:</para>

      <programlisting>sendmail_enable="NO"</programlisting>

      <para>óôï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.  Ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò
	ãéá ôéò åðéëïãÝò åêêßíçóçò ôïõ <application>sendmail</application>,
	äéáôßèåíôáé áðü ôçí áíôßóôïé÷ç óåëßäá manual,
	&man.rc.sendmail.8;.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Åêêßíçóç ôïõ ÍÝïõ óáò MTA êáôÜ ôçí Åêêßíçóç</title>

      <para>Ôï íÝï óáò MTA èá îåêéíÜåé êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç, áí ðñïóèÝóåôå ìéá
	êáôÜëëçëç ãñáììÞ óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.  Äåßôå
	ôï ðáñáêÜôù ðáñÜäåéãìá ãéá ôï
	<application>postfix</application>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; echo '<replaceable>postfix</replaceable>_enable="YES"' &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</screen>

      <para>Ôï MTA èá îåêéíÜåé ðëÝïí êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Áíôéêáèéóôþíôáò ôï <application>sendmail</application> áðü
	ÐñïåðéëåãìÝíï Mailer ÓõóôÞìáôïò</title>

      <para>Ôï <application>sendmail</application> åßíáé ôüóï ãíùóôü ùò
	óôÜíôáñ ëïãéóìéêü óôá óõóôÞìáôá &unix;, þóôå ðïëëÜ Üëëá ðñïãñÜììáôá
	èåùñïýí üôé åßíáé Þäç åãêáôåóôçìÝíï êáé ñõèìéóìÝíï.  Ãéá ôï ëüãï áõôü,
	ðïëëÜ åíáëëáêôéêÜ MTA ðáñÝ÷ïõí äéêÝò ôïõò óõìâáôÝò õëïðïéÞóåéò ôïõ
	<application>sendmail</application>.  Ïé õëïðïéÞóåéò áõôÝò ðáñÝ÷ïõí
	ðáñüìïéï óýíïëï åíôïëþí, êáé ìðïñïýí Ýôóé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí þóôå íá
	áíôéêáôáóôÞóïõí <quote>áðåõèåßáò</quote> ôï
	<application>sendmail</application>.</para>

      <para>Ãéá ôï ëüãï áõôü, áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå êÜðïéï åíáëëáêôéêü mailer, èá
	èÝëåôå íá åîáóöáëßóåôå üôé Üëëá ðñïãñÜììáôá ðïõ ðñïóðáèïýí íá
	åêôåëÝóïõí ôá ôõðéêÜ åêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ
	<application>sendmail</application> üðùò ôï
	<filename>/usr/bin/sendmail</filename>, èá åêôåëÝóïõí óôçí
	ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá ôïí åðéëåãìÝíï óáò mailer.  Åõôõ÷þò, ôï &os; ðáñÝ÷åé
	Ýíá óýóôçìá ðïõ êáëåßôå &man.mailwrapper.8; êáé ôï ïðïßï áíáëáìâÜíåé
	áõôÞ ôç äïõëåéÜ ãéá óáò.</para>

      <para>¼ôáí ôï <application>sendmail</application> ëåéôïõñãåß üðùò Ý÷åé
	åãêáôáóôáèåß áñ÷éêÜ, èá âñåßôå êÜôé üðùò ôï ðáñáêÜôù óôï
	<filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename>:</para>

	<programlisting>sendmail	 /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
send-mail	/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
mailq		/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
newaliases	/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
hoststat	/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
purgestat	/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail</programlisting>

      <para>Áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé üôáí åêôåëåßôáé êÜðïéá áðü áõôÝò ôéò
	óõíçèéóìÝíåò åíôïëÝò (üðùò ôï ßäéï ôï <filename>sendmail</filename>),
	ôï óýóôçìá óôçí ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá åêôåëåß Ýíá áíôßãñáöï ôïõ mailwrapper
	ðïõ ïíïìÜæåôáé <filename>sendmail</filename>, êáé ôï ïðïßï åëÝã÷åé ôï
	<filename>mailer.conf</filename> êáé åêôåëåß ôï
	<filename>/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail</filename> áíôß áõôïý.  Ôï
	óýóôçìá áõôü äéåõêïëýíåé éäéáßôåñá ôçí áëëáãÞ ôùí åêôåëÝóéìùí ðïõ
	åêôåëïýíôáé óôçí ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá üôáí ãßíåôáé êëÞóç ôùí ðñïåðéëåãìÝíùí
	ëåéôïõñãéþí ôïõ <filename>sendmail</filename>.</para>

      <para>¸ôóé, áí èÝëåôå íá åêôåëåßôáé ôï
	<filename>/usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat</filename>
	áíôß ãéá ôï <application>sendmail</application>, èá ìðïñïýóáôå íá
	áëëÜîåôå ôï <filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename> þóôå íá
	ãñÜöåé:</para>

      <programlisting>sendmail	 /usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat
send-mail	/usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat
mailq		/usr/local/supermailer/bin/mailq-compat
newaliases	/usr/local/supermailer/bin/newaliases-compat
hoststat	/usr/local/supermailer/bin/hoststat-compat
purgestat	/usr/local/supermailer/bin/purgestat-compat</programlisting>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Ïëïêëçñþíïíôáò</title>

      <para>Ìüëéò Ý÷åôå ñõèìßóåé ôá ðÜíôá üðùò åðéèõìåßôå, ìðïñåßôå åßôå
	íá êÜíåôå kill ôéò äéåñãáóßåò ôïõ
	<application>sendmail</application> ðïõ äåí ÷ñåéÜæåóôå ðëÝïí êáé
	íá åêêéíÞóåôå ôéò áíôßóôïé÷åò ôïõ íÝïõ óáò ëïãéóìéêïý, Þ áðëþò íá
	êÜíåôå åðáíåêêßíçóç.  Ç åðáíåêêßíçóç èá óáò äþóåé åðßóçò ôçí
	åõêáéñßá íá âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ôï óýóôçìá óáò Ý÷åé ñõèìéóôåß óùóôÜ,
	þóôå ôï íÝï óáò MTA íá îåêéíÜåé áõôüìáôá óå êÜèå åêêßíçóç.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="mail-trouble">
    <title>Áíôéìåôþðéóç ÐñïâëçìÜôùí</title>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>email</primary>
      <secondary>troubleshooting</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>Ãéáôß ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéþ ôï ðëÞñåò üíïìá (FQDN) ãéá
	    õðïëïãéóôÝò ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé óôïí ôïìÝá ìïõ;</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>Ôï ðéï ðéèáíü åßíáé íá äéáðéóôþóåôå üôé ï õðïëïãéóôÞò
	    âñßóêåôáé óôçí ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá óå äéáöïñåôéêü ôïìÝá.  Ãéá
	    ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí âñßóêåóôå óôï
	    <hostid role="fqdn">foo.bar.edu</hostid> êáé èÝëåôå íá
	    åðéêïéíùíÞóåôå ìå Ýíá õðïëïãéóôÞ ìå ôï üíïìá
	    <hostid>mumble</hostid> óôïí ôïìÝá <hostid
	      role="domainname">bar.edu</hostid>, èá ðñÝðåé íá áíáöåñèåßôå
	    óå áõôüí ìå ôï ðëÞñåò ôïõ üíïìá, <hostid
	      role="fqdn">mumble.bar.edu</hostid>, áíôß ãéá áðëþò
	    <hostid>mumble</hostid>.</para>

	  <indexterm><primary>BIND</primary></indexterm>
	  <para>ÐáñáäïóéáêÜ, áõôü åðéôñåðüôáí áðü ôïõò DNS resolvers ôïõ BIND.
	    Ùóôüóï, ç ôñÝ÷ïõóá Ýêäïóç ôïõ <application>BIND</application> ðïõ
	    ðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé óôï &os;, äåí ðáñÝ÷åé ðëÝïí óõíôïìåýóåéò ãéá
	    ìç-ðëÞñç ïíüìáôá ôïìÝùí, åêôüò ãéá ôïí ôïìÝá óôïí ïðïßï âñßóêåóôå.
	    ¸ôóé, Ýíáò õðïëïãéóôÞò ìå ìç-ðëÞñåò üíïìá
	    <hostid>mumble</hostid> èá ðñÝðåé íá âñåèåß ùò <hostid
	      role="fqdn">mumble.foo.bar.edu</hostid>, Þ èá ãßíåé áíáæÞôçóç
	    ãéá áõôüí óôï ñéæéêü ôïìÝá.</para>

	  <para>Ç óõìðåñéöïñÜ áõôÞ åßíáé äéáöïñåôéêÞ áðü ôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç, üðïõ
	    ç áíáæÞôçóç óõíå÷éæüôáí êáé óôï <hostid
	      role="domainname">mumble.bar.edu</hostid>, êáé ôï <hostid
	      role="domainname">mumble.edu</hostid>.  Ñßîôå ìéá ìáôéÜ óôï
	    RFC 1535 ãéá ôï ëüãï ðïõ ôï ðáñáðÜíù èåùñåßôå êáêÞ ðñáêôéêÞ, Þ
	    áêüìá êáé êåíü áóöáëåßáò.</para>

	  <para>¸íáò ôñüðïò ãéá íá ðáñáêÜìøåôå ôï ðñüâëçìá åßíáé íá ðñïóèÝóåôå
	    ôç ãñáììÞ:
	    <programlisting>search foo.bar.edu bar.edu</programlisting>
	    áíôß ãéá ôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç:
	    <programlisting>domain foo.bar.edu</programlisting>
	    óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.  Âåâáéùèåßôå
	    ùóôüóï üôé ç óåéñÜ áíáæÞôçóçò äåí ðçãáßíåé ðÝñá áðü ôï
	    <quote>üñéï ìåôáîý ôïðéêÞò êáé äçìüóéáò äéá÷åßñéóçò</quote>,
	    üðùò ôï áðïêáëåß ôï RFC 1535.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <indexterm>
	    <primary>MX record</primary>
	  </indexterm>

	  <para>Ôï <application>sendmail</application> äßíåé ôï ìÞíõìá
	    <errorname>mail loops back to myself</errorname> (ôï mail
	    åðéóôñÝöåé óôïí åáõôü ìïõ)</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>Ç áðÜíôçóç óå áõôü, õðÜñ÷åé óôï FAQ ôïõ
	  <application>sendmail</application> üðùò öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	  <programlisting>ËáìâÜíù áõôÜ ôá ìçíýìáôá ëÜèïõò:

553 MX list for domain.net points back to relay.domain.net
554 &lt;user@domain.net&gt;... Local configuration error

Ðùò ìðïñþ íá ëýóù ôï ðñüâëçìá;

¸÷åôå æçôÞóåé ôï mail ðñïò Ýíá ôïìÝá (ð.÷. ôï domain.net) íá
ðñïùèåßôáé ðñïò Ýíá óõãêåêñéìÝíï õðïëïãéóôÞ (óôçí ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ
ôï relay.domain.net) ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ìéá åããñáöÞ MX, áëëÜ ôï
ìç÷Üíçìá áíáìåôÜäïóçò (relay) äåí áíáãíùñßæåé ôïí åáõôü ôïõ ùò
domain.net.  ÐñïóèÝóôå ôï domain.net óôï /etc/mail/local-host-names
[åßíáé ãíùóôü ùò /etc/sendmail.cw ðñéí ôçí Ýêäïóç 8.10]
(áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï FEATURE(use_cw_file)), äéáöïñåôéêÜ ðñïóèÝóôå ôï
<quote>Cw domain.net</quote> óôï /etc/mail/sendmail.cf.</programlisting>

	  <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå ôï FAQ ôïõ
	    <application>sendmail</application> óôç äéåýèõíóç
	    <ulink url="http://www.sendmail.org/faq/"></ulink>, êáé óõíßóôáôáé
	    íá ôï äéáâÜóåôå áí èÝëåôå íá <quote>ðåéñÜîåôå</quote> ôéò
	    ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ mail óáò.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <indexterm><primary>PPP</primary></indexterm>

	  <para>Ðùò ìðïñþ íá åêôåëÝóù åîõðçñåôçôÞ mail óå õðïëïãéóôÞ ðïõ
	    óõíäÝåôáé ìÝóù åðéëïãéêÞò óýíäåóçò PPP;</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>ÈÝëåôå íá óõíäÝóåôå Ýíá &os; ìç÷Üíçìá óå Ýíá ôïðéêü äßêôõï
	    (LAN) óôï Internet.  Ôï &os; ìç÷Üíçìá èá ãßíåé ðýëç ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ
	    ãéá ôï LAN.  Ç óýíäåóç PPP äåí åßíáé áðïêëåéóôéêÞ.</para>

	  <indexterm><primary>UUCP</primary></indexterm>
	  <indexterm>
	    <primary>MX record</primary>
	  </indexterm>

	  <para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí äýï ôñüðïé ãéá íá ôï êÜíåôå áõôü.  Ï Ýíáò
	    åßíáé ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç UUCP.</para>

	  <para>¸íáò Üëëïò ôñüðïò åßíáé íá âÜëåôå Ýíá åîõðçñåôçôÞ Internet ï
	    ïðïßïò Ý÷åé óõíå÷Þ óýíäåóç, íá óáò ðáñÝ÷åé õðçñåóßá äåõôåñåýïíôïò
	    MX ãéá ôïí ôïìÝá óáò.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí ï ôïìÝáò ôçò åôáéñßáò
	    óáò åßíáé <hostid role="domainname">example.com</hostid> êáé ï
	    ðáñï÷Ýáò óáò Internet Ý÷åé ïñßóåé ôï
	    <hostid role="domainname">example.net</hostid> íá ðáñÝ÷åé
	    õðçñåóßåò äåõôåñåýïíôïò MX ãéá ôïí ôïìÝá óáò:</para>

	  <programlisting>example.com.          MX        10      example.com.
                      MX        20      example.net.</programlisting>

	  <para>Ìüíï Ýíáò õðïëïãéóôÞò ìðïñåß íá êáèïñéóôåß ùò ôåëéêüò
	    ðáñáëÞðôçò (ðñïóèÝóôå ôï <literal>Cw example.com</literal> óôï
	    áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</filename> óôï
	    <hostid role="domainname">example.com</hostid>).</para>

	  <para>¼ôáí ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ðïõ óôÝëíåé ìÝóù ôïõ
	    <command>sendmail</command> ðñïóðáèåß íá ðáñáäþóåé ôï mail èá
	    ðñïóðáèÞóåé íá óõíäåèåß óôï äéêü óáò
	    (<hostid role="domainname">example.com</hostid>) ìÝóù ôçò óýíäåóçò
	    modem.  Ôï ðéï ðéèáíü åßíáé üôé äåí èá ôá êáôáöÝñåé, ãéáôß äåí
	    èá åßóôå óõíäåìÝíïò åêåßíç ôç óôéãìÞ.  Ôï
	    <application>sendmail</application> èá ôï ðáñáäþóåé áõôüìáôá óôçí
	    õðçñåóßá äåõôåñåýïíôïò MX, ð.÷. ôïí ðáñï÷Ýá óáò Internet
	    (<hostid role="domainname">example.net</hostid>).  Ôï äåõôåñåýïí
	    MX èá ðñïóðáèåß ðåñéïäéêÜ íá óõíäåèåß óôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò êáé íá
	    ðáñáäþóåé ôï mail óôïí êýñéï åîõðçñåôçôÞ MX
	    (<hostid role="domainname">example.com</hostid>).</para>

	  <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå êÜôé üðùò ôï ðáñáêÜôù ùò script
	    åéóüäïõ:</para>

	  <programlisting>#!/bin/sh
# Put me in /usr/local/bin/pppmyisp
( sleep 60 ; /usr/sbin/sendmail -q ) &amp;
/usr/sbin/ppp -direct pppmyisp</programlisting>

	  <para>Áí ðñüêåéôáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ÷ùñéóôü script ãéá ôçí åßóïäï
	    êÜðïéïõ ÷ñÞóôç, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áíôß ãéá ôï ðáñáðÜíù
	    ôï <command>sendmail -qRexample.com</command> óôï script.  Áõôü
	    èá åîáíáãêÜóåé ôçí Üìåóç åðåîåñãáóßá üëïõ ôïõ mail óôçí ïõñÜ ãéá
	    ôï <hostid role="domainname">example.com</hostid>.</para>

	  <para>Ðéï ëåðôïìåñÞò ðåñéãñáöÞ ôçò êáôÜóôáóçò öáßíåôáé
	    ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	  <para>ÌÞíõìá áðü ôçí &a.isp;.</para>

	  <programlisting>&gt; ðáñÝ÷ïõìå äåõôåñåýïí MX ãéá Ýíá ðåëÜôç.  Ï ðåëÜôçò óõíäÝåôáé óôéò
&gt; õðçñåóßåò ìáò áñêåôÝò öïñÝò ôç ìÝñá áõôüìáôá, ãéá íá ëáìâÜíåé ôá email ôïõ
&gt; óôï ðñùôåýïí ôïõ MX (Äåí êáëïýìå ôçí ôïðïèåóßá ôïõ üôáí ëáìâÜíïõìå email
&gt; ãéá ôïí ôïìÝá ôïõ).  Ôï sendmail ìáò óôÝëíåé ôï  mailqueue êÜèå 30 ëåðôÜ.
&gt; Ôç äåäïìÝíç óôéãìÞ èá ðñÝðåé íá ìåßíåé óõíäåìÝíïò ãéá 30 ëåðôÜ,
&gt; ãéá íá åßíáé âÝâáéïò üôé üëï ôï email ôïõ èá Ý÷åé
&gt; ðáñáäïèåß óôïí ðñùôåýïíôá MX.
&gt;
&gt; ÕðÜñ÷åé êÜðïéá åíôïëÞ ðïõ íá åîáíáãêÜóåé ôï sendmail íá óôåßëåé
&gt; üëá ôá mails Üìåóá; Ï ÷ñÞóôçò öõóéêÜ äåí Ý÷åé äéêáéþìáôá
&gt; root óôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìáò.

Óôçí åíüôçôá <quote>privacy flags</quote> ôïõ sendmail.cf, õðÜñ÷åé Ýíáò
ïñéóìüò Opgoaway,restrictqrun

ÁöáéñÝóôå ôï restrictqrun ãéá íá åðéôñÝøåôå óå ìç-root ÷ñÞóôåò íá îåêéíÞóïõí
ôçí åðåîåñãáóßá ôçò ïõñÜò.
Ìðïñåß åðßóçò íá èÝëåôå íá áíáäéáôÜîåôå ôá MX.  Åßìáóôå ôï 1ï MX ãéá áõôïý
ôïõ åßäïõò ôïõò ðåëÜôåò, êáé Ý÷ïõìå ïñßóåé:

# If we are the best MX for a host, try directly instead of generating
# local config error.
OwTrue

Ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü, Ýíá áðïìáêñõóìÝíï site èá ðáñáäßäåé áðåõèåßáò óå óáò,
÷ùñßò íá ðñïóðáèåß ôç óýíäåóç ìå ôï ÷ñÞóôç.  ¸ðåéôá ôá óôÝëíåôå óôïí
ðåëÜôç óáò.  Áõôü ëåéôïõñãåß ìüíï ãéá <quote>ìç÷áíÞìáôá</quote>, êáé Ýôóé
÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá âÜëåôå ôïí ðåëÜôç óáò íá ïíïìÜóåé ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ôïõ mail
<quote>customer.com</quote> êáé åðßóçò
<quote>hostname.customer.com</quote> óôï DNS.  Áðëþò ðñïóèÝóôå ìéá åããñáöÞ
ôýðïõ A óôï DNS ãéá ôï <quote>customer.com</quote>.</programlisting>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>Ãéáôß ëáìâÜíù óõíÝ÷åéá ìçíýìáôá ëÜèïõò <errorname>Relaying
	    Denied</errorname> üôáí óôÝëíù mail áðü Üëëïõò
	    õðïëïãéóôÝò;</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>Óôéò ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò åãêáôáóôÜóåéò ôïõ &os;, ôï
	    <application>sendmail</application> åßíáé ñõèìéóìÝíï íá
	    óôÝëíåé mail ìüíï áðü ôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ óôïí ïðïßï åêôåëåßôáé.
	    Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí õðÜñ÷åé äéáèÝóéìïò äéáêïìéóôÞò
	    <acronym>POP</acronym>, ïé ÷ñÞóôåò èá ìðïñïýí íá åëÝã÷ïõí ôï
	    mail ôïõò áðü ôï ó÷ïëåßï, ôï ãñáöåßï, Þ Üëëç áðïìáêñõóìÝíç
	    ôïðïèåóßá, áëëÜ èá åîáêïëïõèïýí íá ìçí ìðïñïýí íá óôåßëïõí
	    ðñïò åîùôåñéêÝò äéåõèýíóåéò.  ÔõðéêÜ, ëßãï ìåôÜ áðü ìéá áðüðåéñá
	    áðïóôïëÞò, èá óôáëåß Ýíá email áðü ôïí
	    <application>MAILER-DAEMON</application> ìå ôï ìÞíõìá ëÜèïõò
	    <errorname>5.7 Relaying Denied</errorname>.</para>

	  <para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äéÜöïñïé ôñüðïé ãéá íá îåðåñÜóåôå ôï ðñüâëçìá.
	    Ï ðëÝïí áðëüò åßíáé íá âÜëåôå ôç äéåýèõíóç ôïõ ISP óáò óå
	    Ýíá áñ÷åßï relay-domains,
	    <filename>/etc/mail/relay-domains</filename>.  ¸íáò ãñÞãïñïò
	    ôñüðïò ãéá íá ôï êÜíåôå áõôü åßíáé:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo "your.isp.example.com" &gt; /etc/mail/relay-domains</userinput></screen>

	  <para>Áöïý äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Þ åðåîåñãáóôåßôå áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï, èá
	    ðñÝðåé íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï
	    <application>sendmail</application>.  Áõôü äïõëåýåé ìéá ÷áñÜ
	    áí åßóôå äéá÷åéñéóôÞò åîõðçñåôçôÞ êáé äåí åðéèõìåßôå íá
	    óôÝëíåôå mail ôïðéêÜ, Þ áí èÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå Ýíá
	    óýóôçìá ôýðïõ point êáé click óå Ýíá
	    Üëëï ìç÷Üíçìá Þ áêüìá êáé óå Üëëï ISP.  Åßíáé åðßóçò ðïëý
	    ÷ñÞóéìï áí Ý÷åôå ñõèìßóåé ìüíï Ýíá Þ äýï ëïãáñéáóìïýò mail.
	    Áí èÝëåôå íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ìåãáëýôåñï áñéèìü äéåõèýíóåùí, ìðïñåßôå
	    íá áíïßîåôå áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï ìå ôïí åðéèõìçôü óõíôÜêôç
	    êåéìÝíïõ, êáé íá ðñïóèÝóåôå üëïõò ôïõò ôïìåßò, Ýíá óå êÜèå
	    ãñáììÞ:</para>

	  <programlisting>your.isp.example.com
other.isp.example.net
users-isp.example.org
www.example.org</programlisting>

	  <para>Ôþñá, ïðïéáäÞðïôå áðïóôïëÞ mail áðü ôï óýóôçìá óáò
	    áðü ïðïéïäÞðïôå õðïëïãéóôÞ áõôÞò ôçò ëßóôáò (ìå ôçí
	    ðñïûðüèåóÞ ï ÷ñÞóôçò íá Ý÷åé ëïãáñéáóìü óôï óýóôçìá óáò), èá
	    åßíáé åðéôõ÷Þò.  Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá Ýíá ðïëý êáëü ôñüðï íá
	    åðéôñÝøåôå óôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò íá óôÝëíïõí mail áðü ôï óýóôçìá óáò
	    ìÝóù áðïìáêñõóìÝíçò óýíäåóçò, ÷ùñßò íá åðéôñÝðåôå óå Üëëïõò íá
	    óôÝëíïõí SPAM ìÝóù ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="mail-advanced">
    <title>Ðñï÷ùñçìÝíá ÈÝìáôá</title>

    <para>Ç áêüëïõèç åíüôçôá êáëýðôåé ðéï ðñï÷ùñçìÝíá èÝìáôá, üðùò ôç ñýèìéóç
      ôïõ mail êáé ñõèìßóåéò ãéá Ýíá ïëüêëçñï ôïìÝá.</para>

    <sect2 id="mail-config">
      <title>ÂáóéêÝò Ñõèìßóåéò</title>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>email</primary>
	<secondary>configuration</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>×ùñßò íá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá êÜíåôå êáìéÜ ñýèìéóç, èá ìðïñåßôå íá
	óôåßëåôå mail ðñïò åîùôåñéêïýò õðïëïãéóôÝò, áñêåß íá Ý÷åôå ñõèìßóåé
	ôï <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> Þ íá åêôåëåßôå ôï äéêü
	óáò åîõðçñåôçôÞ DNS.  Áí èÝëåôå íá ðáñáëáìâÜíåôå mail ãéá ôïí
	õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò óôï äéêü óáò <application>sendmail</application> MTA,
	õðÜñ÷ïõí äýï ìÝèïäïé:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá Ý÷åôå äéêü óáò ôïìÝá êáé äéêü óáò åîõðçñåôçôÞ
	    DNS ãéá ôïí ôïìÝá óáò.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, <hostid
	      role="domainname">FreeBSD.org</hostid></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Íá ðáñáëáìâÜíåôå mail áðåõèåßáò óôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò.  Áõôü
	    ãßíåôáé áí ôï mail ðáñáäßäåôáé áðåõèåßáò óôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò,
	    ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôïí üíïìá ôïõ (ðñÝðåé íá âñßóêåôáé óôï DNS).
	    Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá,
	    <hostid role="fqdn">example.FreeBSD.org</hostid>.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <indexterm><primary>SMTP</primary></indexterm>
      <para>¼ðïéá åðéëïãÞ áðü ôéò ðáñáðÜíù êáé íá êÜíáôå, ãéá íá åßíáé äõíáôÞ
	ç ðáñáëáâÞ mail áðåõèåßáò óôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò, èá ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷åôå
	ìüíéìç óôáôéêÞ äéåýèõíóç IP (ü÷é äõíáìéêÞ, üðùò åßíáé ïé ðåñéóóüôåñåò
	åðéëïãéêÝò óõíäÝóåéò PPP).  Áí âñßóêåóôå ðßóù áðü êÜðïéï firewall,
	èá ðñÝðåé íá åðéôñÝðåé ôç äéáêßíçóç SMTP ðñïò åóÜò.  Áí èÝëåôå íá
	ëáìâÜíåôå mail áðåõèåßáò óôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò, èá ðñÝðåé íá
	åîáóöáëßóåôå <emphasis>Ýíá</emphasis> áðü ôá ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<indexterm><primary>MX record</primary></indexterm>
	<listitem>
	  <para>Íá âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ç åããñáöÞ MX (ìå ôï ÷áìçëüôåñï áñéèìü)
	    óôï DNS óáò, äåß÷íåé ðñïò ôç äéåýèõíóç IP ôïõ
	    ìç÷áíÞìáôïò óáò.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Íá âåâáéùèåßôå üôé äåí õðÜñ÷åé êáìéÜ åããñáöÞ MX óôï DNS ãéá
	    ôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>¼ðïéï áðü ôá ðáñáðÜíù êáé áí êÜíåôå, èá ìðïñåßôå íá ëáìâÜíåôå
	mail áðåõèåßáò óôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò.</para>

      <para>ÄïêéìÜóôå áõôü:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>hostname</userinput>
example.FreeBSD.org
&prompt.root; <userinput>host example.FreeBSD.org</userinput>
example.FreeBSD.org has address 204.216.27.XX</screen>

      <para>Áí âëÝðåôå ôï ðáñáðÜíù, ôï mail ðïõ êáôåõèýíåôáé áðåõèåßáò óôï
	<email role="nolink">yourlogin@example.FreeBSD.org</email> èá ðñÝðåé
	íá ëáìâÜíåôáé ÷ùñßò ðñïâëÞìáôá (èåùñþíôáò üôé ôï
	<application>sendmail</application> åêôåëåßôå óùóôÜ óôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ
	<hostid role="fqdn">example.FreeBSD.org</hostid>).</para>

      <para>Áí áíôß ãéá áõôü äåßôå êÜôé óáí ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>host example.FreeBSD.org</userinput>
example.FreeBSD.org has address 204.216.27.XX
example.FreeBSD.org mail is handled (pri=10) by hub.FreeBSD.org</screen>

      <para>¼ëï ôï mail ðïõ êáôåõèýíåôáé ðñïò ôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò (<hostid
	  role="fqdn">example.FreeBSD.org</hostid>) èá êáôáëÞîåé íá
	óõëëÝãåôáé óôï <hostid>hub</hostid> ìå ôï ßäéï üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç, áíôß íá
	óôáëåß áðåõèåßáò óôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò.</para>

      <para>Ôéò ðáñáðÜíù ðëçñïöïñßåò, ôéò ÷åéñßæåôáé ï äéêüò óáò åîõðçñåôçôÞò
	DNS.  Ç åããñáöÞ DNS ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷åé ôéò ðëçñïöïñßåò äñïìïëüãçóçò ãéá ôï
	mail, åßíáé ç <emphasis>M</emphasis>ail e<emphasis>X</emphasis>change.
	Áí äåí õðÜñ÷åé åããñáöÞ MX, ôï mail èá ðáñáäßäåôáé áðåõèåßáò óôïí
	õðïëïãéóôÞ ìÝóù ôçò IP äéåýèõíóçò ôïõ.</para>

      <para>Ç êáôá÷þñéóç MX ãéá ôïí <hostid
	  role="fqdn">freefall.FreeBSD.org</hostid> Ýìïéáæå êÜðïéá óôéãìÞ ìå
	ôçí ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <programlisting>freefall        MX   30   mail.crl.net
freefall        MX   40   agora.rdrop.com
freefall        MX   10   freefall.FreeBSD.org
freefall        MX   20   who.cdrom.com</programlisting>

      <para>¼ðùò ìðïñåßôå íá äåßôå, ï <hostid>freefall</hostid> åß÷å ðïëëÝò
	êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò MX.  Ç êáôá÷þñçóç ìå ôïí ìéêñüôåñï áñéèìü, åßíáé ï
	õðïëïãéóôÞò ðïõ ëáìâÜíåé ôï mail áðåõèåßáò, áí åßíáé äéáèÝóéìïò.
	Áí ãéá êÜðïéï ëüãï äåí åßíáé ðñïóâÜóéìïò, ïé Üëëïé (ðïõ ïñéóìÝíåò
	öïñÝò êáëïýíôáé <quote>backup MXes</quote>) äÝ÷ïíôáé ôá ìçíýìáôá
	ðñïóùñéíÜ êáé ôá ìåôáâéâÜæïõí óå êÜðïéï õðïëïãéóôÞ ìå ÷áìçëüôåñç
	áñßèìçóç, ìüëéò ãßíåé äéáèÝóéìïò.  ÔåëéêÜ ôá ìçíýìáôá êáôáëÞãïõí
	óôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ ìå ôï ìéêñüôåñï áñéèìü.</para>

      <para>Ïé åíáëëáêôéêÝò ôïðïèåóßåò MX, èá ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí
	äéáöïñåôéêÝò ãñáììÝò ãéá ôç óýíäåóç ôïõò ìå ôï Internet.  ÁõôÞ åßíáé
	ç êáëýôåñç ëýóç.  Ï ðáñï÷Ýáò óáò Þ êÜðïéï Üëëï öéëéêü site, äåí
	èá Ý÷ïõí êáíÝíá ðñüâëçìá íá óáò ðáñÝ÷ïõí áõôÞ ôçí õðçñåóßá.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="mail-domain">
      <title>Mail ãéá ôïí ÔïìÝá Óáò</title>

      <para>Ãéá íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíá <quote>mailhost</quote> (äçë. Ýíá
	åîõðçñåôçôÞ mail) èá ðñÝðåé ïðïéïäÞðïôå mail óôÝëíåôáé ðñïò êÜðïéï
	óôáèìü åñãáóßáò, íá ëáìâÜíåôáé óå áõôüí.  ÂáóéêÜ èá èÝëåôå íá
	<quote>äéåêäéêåßôå</quote> ïðïéïäÞðïôå mail ðïõ êáôåõèýíåôáé ðñïò
	ïðïéïäÞðïôå üíïìá ìç÷áíÞìáôïò ôïõ ôïìÝá óáò (óôçí ðåñßðôùóç ìáò ôï
	<hostid role="fqdn">*.FreeBSD.org</hostid>) êáé íá ôï áíáêáôåõèýíåôå
	ðñïò ôïí åîõðçñåôçôÞ mail, þóôå ïé ÷ñÞóôåò óáò íá ìðïñïýí íá ëÜâïõí
	ôï mail ôïõò áðü ôïí êåíôñéêü åîõðçñåôçôÞ.</para>

      <indexterm><primary>DNS</primary></indexterm>
      <para>Ãéá åõêïëßá, èá ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷åôå Ýíá ëïãáñéáóìü ÷ñÞóôç ìå ôï ßäéï
	<emphasis>üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç</emphasis> êáé óôá äýï ìç÷áíÞìáôá.
	×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ãéá ôï óêïðü áõôü ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.adduser.8;.</para>

      <para>Ï mailhost ðïõ èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå, ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé ôï êáèïñéóìÝíï
	ìç÷Üíçìá ãéá ôçí áíôáëëáãÞ ìçíõìÜôùí ãéá êÜèå óôáèìü åñãáóßáò ôïõ
	äéêôýïõ.  Áõôü ãßíåôáé óôéò ñõèìßóåéò DNS ìå ôïí áêüëïõèï
	ôñüðï:</para>

      <programlisting>example.FreeBSD.org        A      204.216.27.XX		; Workstation
                           MX  10 hub.FreeBSD.org	   ; Mailhost</programlisting>

      <para>Ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü, ôï mail ðïõ êáôåõèýíåôáé ðñïò êÜðïéï óôáèìü
	åñãáóßáò èá áíáêáôåõèõíèåß ðñïò ôï mailhost, Üó÷åôá ìå ôï ðïõ äåß÷íåé
	ç åããñáöÞ ôýðïõ Á.  Ôï mail óôÝëíåôáé ðñïò ôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ MX.</para>

      <para>Äåí ìðïñåßôå íá êÜíåôå ôï ðáñáðÜíù, áí äåí åêôåëåßôå ôï äéêü óáò
	åîõðçñåôçôÞ DNS.  Áí áõôü äåí óõìâáßíåé, êáé äåí ìðïñåßôå íá ôï
	áëëÜîåôå, óõíåííïçèåßôå ìå ôïí ðáñï÷Ýá óáò (ISP) Þ ìå üðïéïí óáò
	ðáñÝ÷åé õðçñåóßåò DNS.</para>

      <para>Áí ðáñÝ÷åôå õðçñåóßåò åéêïíéêïý ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ, ïé ðáñáêÜôù
	ðëçñïöïñßåò èá óáò öáíïýí ÷ñÞóéìåò.  Ãéá ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò, èá
	õðïèÝóïõìå üôé Ý÷åôå Ýíá ðåëÜôç ìå ôï äéêü ôïõ ôïìÝá, óôçí ðåñßðôùóç
	ìáò ôï <hostid role="domainname">customer1.org</hostid>, êáé èÝëåôå
	üëï ôï mail ãéá ôï <hostid role="domainname">customer1.org</hostid>
	íá óôÝëíåôáé óôï äéêü óáò mailhost, <hostid
	  role="fqdn">mail.myhost.com</hostid>.  Ç êáôá÷þñéóç óáò óôï DNS èá
	ìïéÜæåé ìå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <programlisting>customer1.org		MX	10	mail.myhost.com</programlisting>

      <para>Óçìåéþóôå üôé <emphasis>äåí ÷ñåéÜæåóôå</emphasis> åããñáöÞ ôýðïõ Á
	ãéá ôï <hostid role="domainname">customer1.org</hostid> áí èÝëåôå
	áðëþò íá ÷åéñßæåóôå email ãéá áõôü ôïí ôïìÝá.</para>

      <note>
	<para>Íá Ý÷åôå õðüøç óáò üôé äåí èá ìðïñåßôå íá êÜíåôå ping ôï <hostid
	    role="domainname">customer1.org</hostid> áí äåí õðÜñ÷åé ãéá áõôü
	  åããñáöÞ ôýðïõ Á.</para>
      </note>

      <para>Ôï ôåëåõôáßï ðñÜãìá ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá êÜíåôå, åßíáé íá ïñßóåôå óôï
	<application>sendmail</application> ðïõ åêôåëåßôáé óôï äéêü óáò
	mailhost, ãéá ðïéïõò ôïìåßò Þ / êáé ìç÷áíÞìáôá èá äÝ÷åôáé mail.
	ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ìåñéêïß äéáöïñåôéêïß ôñüðïé ãéá íá ãßíåé áõôü.  Ìðïñåßôå íá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå Ýíáí áðü ôïõò ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>ÐñïóèÝóôå ôá ìç÷áíÞìáôá óôï áñ÷åßï
	  <filename>/etc/mail/local-host-names</filename> áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå
	  ôç äõíáôüôçôá <literal>FEATURE(use_cw_file)</literal>.
	  Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå êÜðïéá Ýêäïóç ôïõ
	  <application>sendmail</application> ðñéí ôçí 8.10, ôï áñ÷åßï åßíáé
	  ôï <filename>/etc/sendmail.cw</filename>.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÐñïóèÝóôå ìéá ãñáììÞ <literal>Cwyour.host.com</literal> óôï
	    áñ÷åßï óáò <filename>/etc/sendmail.cf</filename> Þ óôï áñ÷åßï
	    <filename>/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</filename> áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå
	    ôçí Ýêäïóç 8.10 ôïõ <application>sendmail</application> Þ êÜðïéá
	    ìåôáãåíÝóôåñç.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="SMTP-UUCP">
  <title>SMTP ìå UUCP</title>

    <para>Ç ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç ñýèìéóç ôïõ <application>sendmail</application>
      ðïõ Ýñ÷åôáé ìå ôï &os;, ðñïïñßæåôáé ãéá äéêôõáêÝò ôïðïèåóßåò ðïõ åßíáé
      áðåõèåßáò óõíäåäåìÝíåò óôï Internet.  Óå ðåñéðôþóåéò ðïõ åßíáé
      åðéèõìçôÞ ç áíôáëëáãÞ email ìÝóù UUCP, èá ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß
      äéáöïñåôéêü áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ãéá ôï
      <application>sendmail</application>.</para>

    <para>Ç ÷åéñïêßíçôç ñýèìéóç ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ
      <filename>/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</filename> áíÞêåé óôá ðñï÷ùñçìÝíá
      èÝìáôá.  Ç Ýêäïóç 8 ôïõ <application>sendmail</application> ðáñÜãåé
      áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí ìÝóù ôïõ ðñïåðåîåñãáóôÞ &man.m4.1;, üðïõ ïé ñõèìßóåéò
      ãßíïíôáé óå Ýíá áíþôåñï åðßðåäï áöáßñåóçò.  Ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå ôá
      áñ÷åßá ñýèìéóçò ôïõ&man.m4.1; óôïí êáôÜëïãï
      <filename>/usr/share/sendmail/cf</filename>.  ÄéáâÜóôå ôï
      <filename>README</filename> óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>cf</filename>
      ãéá ìéá âáóéêÞ åéóáãùãÞ óôéò ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ &man.m4.1;.</para>

    <para>Ï êáëýôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá ôçí ðáñÜäïóç mail ìÝóù ôïõ UUCP, åßíáé ìå
      ôçí ÷ñÞóç ôçò äõíáôüôçôáò <literal>mailertable</literal>.  ÐáñÜãåôáé ìå
      áõôü ôïí ôñüðï ìéá âÜóç äåäïìÝíùí ðïõ ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé ôï
      <application>sendmail</application> ãéá íá ðÜñåé áðïöÜóåéò ó÷åôéêÜ
      ìå ôçí äñïìïëüãçóç.</para>

    <para>Èá ðñÝðåé áñ÷éêÜ íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>.mc</filename>.  Èá âñåßôå ìåñéêÜ ðáñáäåßãìáôá óôïí êáôÜëïãï
      <filename>/usr/share/sendmail/cf/cf</filename>.
      ÕðïèÝôïíôáò üôé Ý÷åôå ïíïìÜóåé ôï áñ÷åßï óáò
      <filename>foo.mc</filename>, ôï ìüíï ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá êÜíåôå ãéá íá
      ôï ìåôáôñÝøåôå óå Ýíá Ýãêõñï áñ÷åßï <filename>sendmail.cf</filename>
      åßíáé:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /etc/mail</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make foo.cf</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cp foo.cf /etc/mail/sendmail.cf</userinput></screen>

    <para>¸íá ôõðéêü áñ÷åßï <filename>.mc</filename> èá äåß÷íåé üðùò ôï
      ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

    <programlisting>VERSIONID(`<replaceable>Your version number</replaceable>') OSTYPE(bsd4.4)

FEATURE(accept_unresolvable_domains)
FEATURE(nocanonify)
FEATURE(mailertable, `hash -o /etc/mail/mailertable')

define(`UUCP_RELAY', <replaceable>your.uucp.relay</replaceable>)
define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000)
define(`confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES')

MAILER(local)
MAILER(smtp)
MAILER(uucp)

Cw    <replaceable>your.alias.host.name</replaceable>
Cw    <replaceable>youruucpnodename.UUCP</replaceable></programlisting>

    <para>Ïé ãñáììÝò ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷ïõí ôéò äõíáôüôçôåò
      <literal>accept_unresolvable_domains</literal>,
      <literal>nocanonify</literal>, and
      <literal>confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES</literal> èá áðïôñÝøïõí ôç ÷ñÞóç
      ôïõ DNS êáôÜ ôçí ðáñÜäïóç ôïõ mail.  Ç ïäçãßá
      <literal>UUCP_RELAY</literal> áðáéôåßôáé ãéá ôçí õðïóôÞñéîç ðáñÜäïóçò
      ìÝóù ôïõ UUCP.  Áðëþò ôïðïèåôÞóôå åêåß Ýíá üíïìá ìç÷áíÞìáôïò óôï
      Internet ðïõ íá ìðïñåß íá ÷åéñéóôåß äéåõèýíóåéò øåõäï-ôïìÝùí .UUCP.
      Ôï ðéï ðéèáíü åßíáé íá âÜëåôå åêåß ôïí áíáìåôáäüôç (relay) ãéá mail
      ðïõ ðáñÝ÷åé ï ISP óáò.</para>

    <para>¸÷ïíôáò êÜíåé ôï ðáñáðÜíù, èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå Ýíá áñ÷åßï
      <filename>/etc/mail/mailertable</filename>.  Áí Ý÷åôå ìüíï ìéá óýíäåóç
      ìå ôïí Ýîù êüóìï ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá üëá óáò ôá mail, ôï ðáñáêÜôù
      áñ÷åßï åßíáé åðáñêÝò:</para>

    <programlisting>#
# makemap hash /etc/mail/mailertable.db &lt; /etc/mail/mailertable
.                             uucp-dom:<replaceable>your.uucp.relay</replaceable></programlisting>

    <para>¸íá ðéï ðïëýðëïêï ðáñÜäåéãìá èá ìïéÜæåé ìå ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

    <programlisting>#
# makemap hash /etc/mail/mailertable.db &lt; /etc/mail/mailertable
#
horus.interface-business.de   uucp-dom:horus
.interface-business.de        uucp-dom:if-bus
interface-business.de         uucp-dom:if-bus
.heep.sax.de                  smtp8:%1
horus.UUCP                    uucp-dom:horus
if-bus.UUCP                   uucp-dom:if-bus
.                             uucp-dom:</programlisting>


    <para>Ïé ôñåéò ðñþôåò ãñáììÝò ÷åéñßæïíôáé åéäéêÝò ðåñéðôþóåéò, üðïõ ôï
      mail ðïõ áðåõèýíåôáé óå êÜðïéï ôïìÝá äåí èá ðñÝðåé íá óôáëèåß óôçí
      ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç äéáäñïìÞ, áëëÜ áíôßèåôá óå êÜðïéï ãåéôïíéêü UUCP
      ðñïêåéìÝíïõ íá <quote>óõíôïìåõèåß</quote> ôï ìïíïðÜôé ðáñÜäïóçò.
      Ç åðüìåíç ãñáììÞ ÷åéñßæåôáé ôï mail ðñïò ôïí ôïðéêü ôïìÝá Ethernet,
      üðïõ åßíáé äõíáôÞ ç ðáñÜäïóç ìÝóù SMTP.  ÔÝëïò, ïé ãåéôïíéêïß UUCP
      áíáöÝñïíôáé ìå ãñáöÞ øåõäï-ôïìÝùí UUCP þóôå íá åðéôñÝðåôáé óå êÜðïéïí
      <literal><replaceable>uucp-neighbor
      </replaceable>!<replaceable>recipient</replaceable></literal>
      íá ðáñáêÜìøåé ôïõò ðñïåðéëåãìÝíïõò êáíüíåò.  Ç ôåëåõôáßá ãñáììÞ åßíáé
      ðÜíôá ìéá ìïíáäéêÞ ôåëåßá, ç ïðïßá ôáéñéÜæåé ìå ïôéäÞðïôå Üëëï, ìå
      ðáñÜäïóç UUCP óå Ýíá ãåéôïíéêü UUCP ï ïðïßïò åíåñãåß ùò ãåíéêÞ ðýëç
      mail ðñïò ôïí õðüëïéðï êüóìï.  ¼ëá ôá ïíüìáôá õðïëïãéóôþí ðïõ
      âñßóêïíôáé ìåôÜ ôï <literal>uucp-dom:</literal> èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé
      Ýãêõñïé UUCP ãåßôïíåò, üðùò ìðïñåßôå íá âåâáéþóåôå ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
      ôï <literal>uuname</literal>.</para>

    <para>Óáò õðåíèõìßæïõìå üôé áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáôñáðåß óå ìéá
      âÜóç äåäïìÝíùí DBM ðñéí ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß.  Ìðïñåßôå íá âÜëåôå ôç ãñáììÞ
      åíôïëþí ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé ãéá íá åðéôåõ÷èåß áõôü ùò ó÷üëéï óôçí áñ÷Þ
      ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ <filename>mailertable</filename>.  ÐñÝðåé ðÜíôïôå íá
      åêôåëåßôå áõôÞ ôçí åíôïëÞ êÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ áëëÜæåôå ôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>mailertable</filename>.</para>

    <para>Ìéá ôåëåõôáßá õðüäåéîç: áí äåí åßóôå âÝâáéïé ãéá ôï áí èá
      ëåéôïõñãÞóåé êÜðïéá óõãêåêñéìÝíç äñïìïëüãçóç mail, èõìçèåßôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
      <option>-bt</option> ôïõ <application>sendmail</application>.  ÁõôÞ
      îåêéíÜåé ôï <application>sendmail</application> óå
      <emphasis>êáôÜóôáóç äïêéìÞò äéåõèýíóåùí</emphasis>.  ÃñÜøôå
      <literal>3,0</literal>, áêïëïõèïýìåíï áðü ôç äéåýèõíóç ðïõ èÝëåôå íá
      åëÝãîåôå ãéá äñïìïëüãçóç mail.  Ç ôåëåõôáßá ãñáììÞ èá óáò ðåé ôïí
      åóùôåñéêü áíôéðñüóùðï mail ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞèçêå, ôç äéåýèõíóç ðñïïñéóìïý
      ìå ôçí ïðïßá êëÞèçêå, êáèþò êáé ôçí (ðéèáíþò ìåôáöñáóìÝíç) äéåýèõíóç.
      Ìðïñåßôå íá âãåßôå áðü áõôÞ ôçí êáôÜóôáóç, ðëçêôñïëïãþíôáò
      <keycombo action="simul"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>D</keycap></keycombo>.</para>

    <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sendmail -bt</userinput>
ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked)
Enter &lt;ruleset&gt; &lt;address&gt;
<prompt>&gt;</prompt> <userinput>3,0 foo@example.com</userinput>
canonify           input: foo @ example . com
...
parse            returns: $# uucp-dom $@ <replaceable>your.uucp.relay</replaceable> $: foo &lt; @ example . com . &gt;
<prompt>&gt;</prompt> <userinput>^D</userinput></screen>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="outgoing-only">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Bill</firstname>
	  <surname>Moran</surname>
	  <contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ áðü ôïí </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>Ñýèìéóç ÅîõðçñåôçôÞ Ìüíï ãéá ÁðïóôïëÞ</title>

    <para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ðïëëÝò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ðïõ ìðïñåß íá èÝëåôå ìüíï íá óôÝëíåôå
      mail ìÝóù êÜðïéïõ áíáìåôáäüôç.  ÌåñéêÜ ðáñáäåßãìáôá:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>Ï õðïëïãéóôÞò óáò ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ùò desktop, áëëÜ èÝëåôå íá
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ðñïãñÜììáôá üðùò ôï &man.send-pr.1;.  Ãéá íá ãßíåé
	  áõôü èá ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôïí áíáìåôáäüôç mail ðïõ ðáñÝ÷åé
	  ï ISP óáò.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ï õðïëïãéóôÞò óáò åßíáé Ýíáò åîõðçñåôçôÞò ðïõ äåí ÷åéñßæåôáé ôï
	  mail ôïðéêÜ, áëëÜ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ôï äþóåé åî' ïëïêëÞñïõ óå êÜðïéï
	  áíáìåôáäüôç ãéá åðåîåñãáóßá.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>ÏðïéïäÞðïôå ó÷åäüí <acronym>MTA</acronym> åßíáé éêáíü íá êáëýøåé
      ôïí ðáñáðÜíù ñüëï.  Äõóôõ÷þò, ìðïñåß íá åßíáé ðïëý äýóêïëï íá
      ñõèìßóåôå óùóôÜ Ýíá ðëÞñåò <acronym>MTA</acronym> þóôå áðëþò íá
      óôÝëíåé ôï mail ðñïò áíáìåôÜäïóç.  ÐñïãñÜììáôá üðùò ôï
      <application>sendmail</application> êáé ôï
      <application>postfix</application> åßíáé õðåñâïëéêÜ ìåãÜëá ãéá áõôÞ
      ôç äïõëåéÜ.</para>

    <para>Åðéðñüóèåôá, áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå êÜðïéá óõíçèéóìÝíç õðçñåóßá
      ðñüóâáóçò óôï Internet, ç óõìöùíßá ìå ôçí åôáéñßá ðáñï÷Þò ìðïñåß íá
      óáò áðáãïñåýåé íá åêôåëåßôå ôï äéêü óáò
      <quote>åîõðçñåôçôÞ mail</quote>.</para>

    <para>Ï åõêïëüôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá åêðëçñþóåôå áõôÝò ôéò áíÜãêåò åßíáé
      íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï port <filename role="package">mail/ssmtp</filename>
      ÅêôåëÝóôå ôéò áêüëïõèåò åíôïëÝò ùò <username>root</username>:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/mail/ssmtp</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install replace clean</userinput></screen>

    <para>ÌåôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç, ôï
      <filename role="package">mail/ssmtp</filename> ìðïñåß íá ñõèìéóôåß ìå
      Ýíá áñ÷åßï ôåóóÜñùí ìüëéò ãñáììþí, ôï ïðïßï âñßóêåôáé óôï
      <filename>/usr/local/etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf</filename>:</para>

    <programlisting>root=yourrealemail@example.com
mailhub=mail.example.com
rewriteDomain=example.com
hostname=_HOSTNAME_</programlisting>

    <para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí ðñáãìáôéêÞ äéåýèõíóç email ãéá
      ôïí <username>root</username>.  ÂÜëôå ôïí áíáìåôáäüôç mail ôïõ ISP óáò
      óôç èÝóç <hostid role="fqdn">mail.example.com</hostid> (ìåñéêïß ISP ôïí
      ïíïìÜæïõí <quote>åîõðçñåôçôÞ åîåñ÷üìåíïõ ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ</quote> Þ
      <quote>åîõðçñåôçôÞ SMTP</quote>).</para>

    <para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå áðåíåñãïðïéÞóåé ðëÞñùò ôï
      <application>sendmail</application>, áêüìá êáé ôçí õðçñåóßá åîåñ÷üìåíùí
      ìçíõìÜôùí.  Äåßôå ôï
      <xref linkend="mail-disable-sendmail"/> ãéá ëåðôïìÝñåéåò.</para>

    <para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí êÜðïéåò áêüìá äéáèÝóéìåò åðéëïãÝò óôï
      <filename role="package">mail/ssmtp</filename>.  Äåßôå ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ôïõ
      áñ÷åßïõ ñõèìßóåùí óôï <filename>/usr/local/etc/ssmtp</filename> Þ ôç
      óåëßäá manual ôïõ <application>ssmtp</application> ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñá
      ðáñáäåßãìáôá êáé ðëçñïöïñßåò.</para>

    <para>Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï <application>ssmtp</application> ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï,
      èá åßíáé äõíáôÞ ç óùóôÞ ëåéôïõñãßá ïðïéïõäÞðïôå ëïãéóìéêïý óôïí
      õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá óôåßëåé mail.  Åðßóçò äåí ðáñáâéÜæåôáé
      ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï ç Üäåéá ÷ñÞóçò ôïõ ISP óáò êáé äåí ìðïñåß ï
      õðïëïãéóôÞò óáò íá ðáñáâéáóôåß êáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ãéá ôçí áðïóôïëÞ
      áíåðéèýìçôùí ìçíõìÜôùí (spam).</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="SMTP-dialup">
    <title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï Mail ÌÝóù ÅðéëïãéêÞò (Dialup) Óýíäåóçò</title>

    <para>Áí Ý÷åôå óôáôéêÞ äéåýèõíóç IP, äåí èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá áëëÜîåôå êáìéÜ
      áðü ôéò ðñïåðéëïãÝò.  Ñõèìßóôå ôï üíïìá ôïõ õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò þóôå íá
      ôáéñéÜæåé ìå áõôü ðïõ óáò Ý÷åé ïñéóôåß ãéá ôï Internet, êáé ôï
      <application>sendmail</application> èá êÜíåé ôá õðüëïéðá.</para>

    <para>Áí ëáìâÜíåôå äõíáìéêÞ IP êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå åðéëïãéêÞ PPP óýíäåóç
      ìå ôï Internet, ðéèáíüí äéáèÝôåôå ìéá èõñßäá ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ (mailbox)
      óôïí åîõðçñåôçôÞ mail ôïõ ðáñï÷Ýá óáò.  Áò õðïèÝóïõìå üôé ï ôïìÝáò ôïõ
      ISP óáò åßíáé <hostid role="domainname">example.net</hostid>, êáé üôé
      ôï üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç óáò åßíáé <username>user</username>, ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò
      ëÝãåôáé <hostid role="fqdn">bsd.home</hostid>, êáé ï ISP óáò, óáò Ý÷åé
      ðåé üôé ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï
      <hostid role="fqdn">relay.example.net</hostid> ùò áíáìåôáäüôç ãéá
      ôï mail.</para>

    <para>Ãéá íá ìðïñÝóåôå íá ëÜâåôå mail áðü ôç èõñßäá óáò, èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå
      êÜðïéï áíôéðñüóùðï áíÜëçøçò (retrieval agent).  Ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá
      <application>fetchmail</application> åßíáé ìéá êáëÞ åðéëïãÞ, êáèþò
      õðïóôçñßæåé ðïëëÜ äéáöïñåôéêÜ ðñùôüêïëëá.  Ôï ðñüãñáììá áõôü åßíáé
      äéáèÝóéìï ùò ðáêÝôï Þ áðü ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports
      (<filename role="package">mail/fetchmail</filename>).  ÓõíÞèùò, ï
      <acronym>ISP</acronym> óáò èá ðáñÝ÷åé ôçí õðçñåóßá
      <acronym>POP</acronym>.  Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå <acronym>PPP</acronym>
      ÷ñÞóôç, ìðïñåßôå íá êáôåâÜóåôå áõôüìáôá ôï mail óáò ìåôÜ ôçí
      áðïêáôÜóôáóç ôçò óýíäåóçò óáò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí áêüëïõèç êáôá÷þñéóç
      óôï <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>:</para>

    <programlisting>MYADDR:
!bg su user -c fetchmail</programlisting>

    <para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï <application>sendmail</application> (üðùò
      öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù) ãéá íá ðáñáäþóåôå mail óå ìç-ôïðéêïýò ëïãáñéáóìïýò,
      ðéèáíüí íá èÝëåôå ôï <application>sendmail</application> íá
      åðåîåñãÜæåôáé ôçí ïõñÜ ôïõ mail áìÝóùò ìåôÜ ôçí áðïêáôÜóôáóç ôçò
      óýíäåóçò.  Ãéá íá ôï êÜíåôå áõôü, âÜëôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ áìÝóùò ìåôÜ
      ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>fetchmail</command> óôï áñ÷åßï
      <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>:</para>

    <programlisting>  !bg su user -c "sendmail -q"</programlisting>

    <para>Áò õðïèÝóïõìå üôé õðÜñ÷åé Ýíáò ëïãáñéáóìüò ãéá ôïí
      <username>user</username> óôïí <hostid
	role="fqdn">bsd.home</hostid>.  Óôïí ðñïóùðéêü êáôÜëïãï ôïõ
      <username>user</username> óôï <hostid
	role="fqdn">bsd.home</hostid>, äçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá áñ÷åßï
      <filename>.fetchmailrc</filename>:</para>

    <programlisting>poll example.net protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret</programlisting>

    <para>Ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü äåí èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé áíáãíþóéìï áðü êáíÝíá, åêôüò
      áðü ôïí <username>user</username>, êáèþò ðåñéÝ÷åé ôïí êùäéêü
      <literal>MySecret</literal>.</para>

    <para>Ãéá íá ìðïñåßôå íá óôåßëåôå mail ìå ôç óùóôÞ åðéêåöáëßäá
      <literal>from:</literal>, èá ðñÝðåé íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï
      <application>sendmail</application> íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï
      <email>user@example.net</email> áíôß ãéá ôï
      <email role="nolink">user@bsd.home</email>.  ºóùò åðßóçò íá èÝëåôå íá
      ñõèìßóåôå ôï <application>sendmail</application> íá óôÝëíåé üëï ôï mail
      ìÝóù ôïõ <hostid role="fqdn">relay.example.net</hostid>, þóôå ç ìåôÜäïóç
      ôïõ mail íá åßíáé ôá÷ýôåñç.</para>

    <para>Ôï áêüëïõèï áñ÷åßï <filename>.mc</filename> èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé
      åðáñêÝò:</para>

    <programlisting>VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0')
OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl
FEATURE(nouucp)dnl
MAILER(local)dnl
MAILER(smtp)dnl
Cwlocalhost
Cwbsd.home
MASQUERADE_AS(`example.net')dnl
FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl
FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl
FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl
FEATURE(nodns)dnl
define(`SMART_HOST', `relay.example.net')
Dmbsd.home
define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl
define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl</programlisting>

    <para>ÄéáâÜóôå ôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç åíüôçôá ãéá ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí
      ìåôáôñïðÞ áõôïý ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ <filename>.mc</filename> óå Ýíá áñ÷åßï
      <filename>sendmail.cf</filename>.  Åðßóçò, ìç îå÷Üóåôå íá
      åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï <application>sendmail</application> ìåôÜ ôçí
      åíçìÝñùóç ôïõ <filename>sendmail.cf</filename>.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="SMTP-Auth">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>James</firstname>
	  <surname>Gorham</surname>
	  <contrib>ÃñÜöôçêå áðü ôïí </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>Ðéóôïðïßçóç Áõèåíôéêüôçôáò óôï SMTP</title>

    <para>Ç ÷ñÞóç <acronym>SMTP</acronym> ìå ðéóôïðïßçóç áõèåíôéêüôçôáò óôïí
      åîõðçñåôçôÞ ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ óáò, ìðïñåß íá óáò ðñïóöÝñåé ìéá óåéñÜ áðü
      ïöÝëç.  Ìðïñåß íá ðñïóèÝóåé Ýíá áêüìá åðßðåäï áóöÜëåéáò óôï
      <application>sendmail</application>, åíþ Ý÷åé êáé ôï ðëåïíÝêôçìá üôé
      äßíåé ôç äõíáôüôçôá óôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò öïñçôþí õðïëïãéóôþí (ðïõ óõ÷íÜ
      óõíäÝïíôáé ìÝóù äéáöïñåôéêþí äéêôýùí) íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôïí ßäéï
      åîõðçñåôçôÞ ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ ÷ùñßò ôçí áíÜãêç åðáíáñýèìéóçò êÜèå öïñÜ ôïõ
      ðñïãñÜììáôïò áðïóôïëÞò / ëÞøçò ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ.</para>

    <procedure>
      <step>
	<para>ÅãêáôáóôÞóôå ôï
	  <filename role="package">security/cyrus-sasl2</filename>
	  áðü ôç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports.  Ôï port áõôü
	  õðïóôçñßæåé ìéá óåéñÜ áðü åðéëïãÝò ðïõ ìðïñåßôå íá èÝóåôå êáôÜ
	  ôçí ìåôáãëþôôéóç.  Ãéá íá ìðïñÝóåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí
	  ìÝèïäï áõèåíôéêïðïßçóçò óôï SMTP ðïõ óõæçôÜìå åäþ, âåâáéùèåßôå
	  üôé åßíáé åíåñãïðïéçìÝíç ç åðéëïãÞ <option>LOGIN</option>.</para>
      </step>

      <step>
	<para>ÌåôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ
	  <filename role="package">security/cyrus-sasl2</filename>,
	  ôñïðïðïéÞóôå ôï áñ÷åßï
	  <filename>/usr/local/lib/sasl2/Sendmail.conf</filename>
	  (Þ äçìéïõñãÞóôå ôï áí äåí õðÜñ÷åé) êáé ðñïóèÝóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù
	  ãñáììÞ:</para>

	<programlisting>pwcheck_method: saslauthd</programlisting>
      </step>

      <step>
	<para>ÅãêáôáóôÞóôå Ýðåéôá ôï
	  <filename role="package">security/cyrus-sasl2-saslauthd</filename>,
	  êáé ðñïóèÝóôå óôï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ôçí áêüëïõèç
	  ãñáììÞ:</para>

	<programlisting>saslauthd_enable="YES"</programlisting>

	<para>ÔÝëïò, îåêéíÞóôå ôï äáßìïíá saslauthd:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/saslauthd start</userinput></screen>

	<para>Ï äáßìïíáò áõôüò äñá ùò åíäéÜìåóïò ãéá ôï
	  <application>sendmail</application> þóôå íá ãßíåôáé ðéóôïðïßçóç
	  áõèåíôéêüôçôáò ìÝóù ôçò âÜóçò äåäïìÝíùí êùäéêþí
	  <filename>passwd</filename> ôïõ &os; óõóôÞìáôïò óáò.  Ìå áõôü ôïí
	  ôñüðï áðáëëÜóóåóôå áðü ôçí áíÜãêç äçìéïõñãßáò íÝïõ óåô áðü ïíüìáôá
	  ÷ñçóôþí êáé êùäéêïýò ãéá êÜèå ÷ñÞóôç ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé ðéóôïðïßçóç óôï <acronym>SMTP</acronym>.
	  ×ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ôï ßäéï üíïìá êáé êùäéêüò, ôüóï ãéá åßóïäï óôï
	  óýóôçìá, üóï êáé ãéá ôï mail.</para>
      </step>

      <step>
	<para>Åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôþñá ôï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> êáé
	  ðñïóèÝóôå ôéò áêüëïõèåò ãñáììÝò:</para>

	<programlisting>SENDMAIL_CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include/sasl -DSASL
SENDMAIL_LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/lib
SENDMAIL_LDADD=-lsasl2</programlisting>

	<para>Ïé ãñáììÝò áõôÝò, ðáñÝ÷ïõí óôï
	  <application>sendmail</application> ôéò êáôÜëëçëåò ñõèìßóåéò þóôå
	  íá óõíäåèåß óùóôÜ ìå ôï
	  <filename role="package">cyrus-sasl2</filename> êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá
	  ôçò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.  Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé åßíáé åãêáôåóôçìÝíï ôï ðáêÝôï
	  <filename role="package">cyrus-sasl2</filename> ðñéí îåêéíÞóåôå
	  ôçí åðáíáìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ
	  <application>sendmail</application>.</para>
      </step>

      <step>
	<para>Åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóôå ôï <application>sendmail</application>
	  åêôåëþíôáò ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/lib/libsmutil</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make cleandir &amp;&amp; make obj &amp;&amp; make</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/lib/libsm</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make cleandir &amp;&amp; make obj &amp;&amp; make</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make cleandir &amp;&amp; make obj &amp;&amp; make &amp;&amp; make install</userinput></screen>

	<para>Ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ <application>sendmail</application> äåí
	  ðñÝðåé íá ðáñïõóéÜóåé ðñïâëÞìáôá, áí ôï
	  <filename>/usr/src</filename> äåí Ý÷åé áëëÜîåé óå ìåãÜëï âáèìü
	  êáé åöüóïí õðÜñ÷ïõí ïé êïéíü÷ñçóôåò âéâëéïèÞêåò ðïõ
	  áðáéôïýíôáé.</para>
      </step>

      <step>
	<para>ÌåôÜ ôçí ìåôáãëþôôéóç êáé åðáíåãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ
	  <application>sendmail</application>, åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï
	  <filename>/etc/mail/freebsd.mc</filename> (Þ üðïéï áñ÷åßï
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ùò <filename>.mc</filename>.  Ðïëëïß äéá÷åéñéóôÝò
	  åðéëÝãïõí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõí ôçí Ýîïäï ôçò åíôïëÞò &man.hostname.1;
	  ùò üíïìá ãéá ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>.mc</filename> ãéá íá åîáóöáëßóïõí
	  üôé åßíáé ìïíáäéêü).  ÐñïóèÝóôå óå áõôü ôéò áêüëïõèåò
	  ãñáììÝò:</para>

	<programlisting>dnl set SASL options
TRUST_AUTH_MECH(`GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN')dnl
define(`confAUTH_MECHANISMS', `GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN')dnl</programlisting>

	<para>Ïé åðéëïãÝò áõôÝò ñõèìßæïõí ôéò äéáöïñåôéêÝò ìåèüäïõò ðïõ
	  Ý÷åé óôç äéÜèåóç ôïõ ôï <application>sendmail</application>,
	  ðñïêåéìÝíïõ íá ðéóôïðïéÞóåé ôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò.  Áí èÝëåôå íá
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå êÜðïéá ìÝèïäï äéáöïñåôéêÞ áðü ôï
	  <application>pwcheck</application>, äåßôå ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ðïõ
	  ðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé.</para>
      </step>

      <step>
	<para>ÔÝëïò, åêôåëÝóôå &man.make.1; åíþ âñßóêåóôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	  <filename>/etc/mail</filename>.  Ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü, èá
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ôï íÝï óáò <filename>.mc</filename> áñ÷åßï êáé
	  èá äçìéïõñãçèåß Ýíá áñ÷åßï <filename>.cf</filename> ìå üíïìá
	  <filename>freebsd.cf</filename> (Þ ïôéäÞðïôå üíïìá åß÷áôå äþóåé
	  óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>.mc</filename>).  ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå Ýðåéôá ôçí
	  åíôïëÞ <command>make install restart</command>, ç ïðïßá èá
	  áíôéãñÜøåé ôï áñ÷åßï óôï <filename>sendmail.cf</filename>, êáé
	  èá åðáíåêêéíÞóåé óùóôÜ ôï <application>sendmail</application>.
	  Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå áõôÞ ôç äéáäéêáóßá, èá
	  ðñÝðåé íá äéáâÜóåôå ôï áñ÷åßï
	  <filename>/etc/mail/Makefile</filename>.</para>
      </step>
    </procedure>

    <para>Áí üëá ðÞãáí êáëÜ, èá ðñÝðåé íá ìðïñåßôå íá äþóåôå ôá óôïé÷åßá
      åéóüäïõ óáò óôï ðñüãñáììá ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ãéá áðïóôïëÞ êáé ëÞøç
      mail, êáé íá óôåßëåôå Ýíá äïêéìáóôéêü ìÞíõìá.  Ãéá íá äéåñåõíÞóåôå
      ðåñéóóüôåñï ôç ëåéôïõñãßá, èÝóôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
      <option>LogLevel</option> ôïõ <application>sendmail</application> óôï
      13 êáé ðáñáêïëïõèÞóôå ôï <filename>/var/log/maillog</filename>
      ãéá ôõ÷üí ëÜèç.</para>

    <para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò, ðáñáêáëïýìå íá äåßôå ôç óåëßäá ôïõ
      <application>sendmail</application> ðïõ áöïñÜ ôçí
      <ulink url="http://www.sendmail.org/~ca/email/auth.html">ðéóôïðïßçóç
      áõèåíôéêüôçôáò óôï <acronym>SMTP</acronym></ulink>.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="mail-agents">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Marc</firstname>
	  <surname>Silver</surname>
	  <contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>ÐñïãñÜììáôá Ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ ãéá ôïí ×ñÞóôç</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>Mail User Agents</primary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>¸íá ðñüãñáììá Áíôéðñïóþðïõ Ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ ×ñÞóôç (Mail User Agent,
      <acronym>MUA</acronym>), åßíáé ìéá åöáñìïãÞ ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá ôçí
      áðïóôïëÞ êáé ëÞøç email.  ÅðéðëÝïí, êáèþò ôï email
      <quote>åîåëßóóåôáé</quote> êáé ãßíåôáé ðéï ðïëýðëïêï, ôá
      <acronym>MUA</acronym> ãßíïíôáé üëï êáé éó÷õñüôåñá üóï áöïñÜ ôïí ôñüðï
      ðïõ áëëçëåðéäñïýí ìå ôï email.  Áõôü äßíåé óôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò ðåñéóóüôåñåò
      ëåéôïõñãßåò êáé åõåëéîßá.  To &os; ðåñéÝ÷åé õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá ìåãÜëï áñéèìü
      áðü ðñïãñÜììáôá ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ, êáé üëá ìðïñïýí íá åãêáôáóôáèïýí ðïëý
      åýêïëá ìÝóù ôçò <link
	linkend="ports">ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports ôïõ &os;</link>.  Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò
      ìðïñïýí íá åðéëÝîïõí ìåôáîý ãñáöéêþí ðñïãñáììÜôùí, üðùò ôï
      <application>evolution</application> Þ ôï
      <application>balsa</application>, êáé ðñïãñÜììáôá êïíóüëáò üðùò ôá
      <application>mutt</application>, <application>alpine</application>
      Þ <command>mail</command>, Þ áêüìá êáé ôéò äéåðáöÝò web ðïõ ðñïóöÝñïíôáé
      áðü ìåñéêïýò ìåãÜëïõò ïñãáíéóìïýò.</para>

    <sect2 id="mail-command">
      <title>mail</title>

      <para>Ôï &man.mail.1; åßíáé ôï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï ðñüãñáììá ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ
	(<acronym>MUA</acronym>) in &os;.  Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá Ýíá
	<acronym>MUA</acronym> êïíóüëáò, ôï ïðïßï ðñïóöÝñåé üëåò ôéò âáóéêÝò
	ëåéôïõñãßåò ðïõ áðáéôïýíôáé ãéá ôçí áðïóôïëÞ êáé ëÞøç email
	óå ìïñöÞ êåéìÝíïõ, áí êáé Ý÷åé ðåñéïñéóìÝíåò äõíáôüôçôåò üóï áöïñÜ
	óõíçììÝíá áñ÷åßá êáé õðïóôçñßæåé ìüíï ôïðéêÝò èõñßäåò.</para>

      <para>Áí êáé ôï <command>mail</command> äåí õðïóôçñßæåé åããåíþò ôç
	ëÞøç email ìÝóù äéáêïìéóôþí <acronym>POP</acronym> Þ
	<acronym>IMAP</acronym>, åßíáé ùóôüóï äõíáôüí íá êáôåâÜóåôå ôá
	email óå ìéá ôïðéêÞ èõñßäá (<filename>mbox</filename>) ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
	êÜðïéá åöáñìïãÞ üðùò ôï <application>fetchmail</application>, ôï
	ïðïßï èá óõæçôÞóïõìå áñãüôåñá óå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï (<xref
	  linkend="mail-fetchmail"/>).</para>

      <para>Ãéá ôçí áðïóôïëÞ êáé ëÞøç email, åêôåëÝóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
	<command>mail</command>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mail</userinput></screen>

      <para>Ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá ôçò èõñßäáò ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	<filename class="directory">/var/mail</filename> èá äéáâáóôïýí
	áõôüìáôá áðü ôï ðñüãñáììá <command>mail</command>.
	Áí ç èõñßäá ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ åßíáé Üäåéá, ôï ðñüãñáììá ôåñìáôßæåôáé ìå
	ôï ìÞíõìá üôé äåí âñÝèçêå áëëçëïãñáößá.  ÌåôÜ ôçí áíÜãíùóç ôçò
	èõñßäáò, îåêéíÜ ç äéåðáöÞ ôçò åöáñìïãÞò êáé åìöáíßæåôáé ìéá ëßóôá ìå
	ìçíýìáôá.  Ôá ìçíýìáôá áñéèìïýíôáé áõôüìáôá, üðùò öáßíåôáé óôï
	ðáñáêÜôù ðáñÜäåéãìá:</para>

      <screen>Mail version 8.1 6/6/93.  Type ? for help.
"/var/mail/marcs": 3 messages 3 new
>N  1 root@localhost        Mon Mar  8 14:05  14/510   "test"
 N  2 root@localhost        Mon Mar  8 14:05  14/509   "user account"
 N  3 root@localhost        Mon Mar  8 14:05  14/509   "sample"</screen>

      <para>Ôá ìçíýìáôá ìðïñïýí ðëÝïí íá äéáâáóôïýí ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ
	<keycap>t</keycap> ôçò åíôïëÞò <command>mail</command>, áêïëïõèïýìåíç
	ìå ôïí áñéèìü ôïõ mail ðïõ èÝëåôå íá åìöáíéóôåß.  Óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá áõôü
	èá äéáâÜóïõìå ôï ðñþôï ìÞíõìá:</para>

      <screen>&amp; <userinput>t 1</userinput>
Message 1:
From root@localhost  Mon Mar  8 14:05:52 2004
X-Original-To: marcs@localhost
Delivered-To: marcs@localhost
To: marcs@localhost
Subject: test
Date: Mon,  8 Mar 2004 14:05:52 +0200 (SAST)
From: root@localhost (Charlie Root)

This is a test message, please reply if you receive it.</screen>

      <para>¼ðùò öáßíåôáé óôï ðáñáðÜíù ðáñÜäåéãìá, ç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ ðëÞêôñïõ
	<keycap>t</keycap> èá ðñïêáëÝóåé ôçí åìöÜíéóç ôïõ ìçíýìáôïò ìå
	ðëÞñåéò åðéêåöáëßäåò.  Ãéá íá äåßôå îáíÜ ôç ëßóôá ìå ôá ìçíýìáôá,
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï ðëÞêôñï <keycap>h</keycap>.</para>

      <para>Áí ôï mail áðáéôåß áðÜíôçóç, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí
	åíôïëÞ <command>mail</command> ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôéò åíóùìáôùìÝíåò
	åíôïëÝò <keycap>R</keycap> Þ <keycap>r</keycap>.  Ôï ðëÞêôñï
	<keycap>R</keycap> ïäçãåß ôï <command>mail</command> íá áðáíôÞóåé
	ìüíï óôïí áðïóôïëÝá ôïõ ìçíýìáôïò, åíþ ôï <keycap>r</keycap> áðáíôÜåé
	ü÷é ìüíï óôïí áðïóôïëÝá, áëëÜ óå üëïõò ôïõò ðáñáëÞðôåò ôïõ ìçíýìáôïò.
	Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ìåôÜ áðü ôéò åíôïëÝò áõôÝò, ôïí áñéèìü
	ôïõ ìçíýìáôïò óôï ïðïßï èÝëåôå íá áðáíôÞóåôå.  Áöïý ôï êÜíåôå áõôü,
	èá ðñÝðåé íá ãñÜøåôå ôçí áðÜíôçóç óáò êáé íá óçìåéþóåôå ôï ôÝëïò ôçò
	ãñÜöïíôáò ìéá ìüíï <keycap>.</keycap> óå ìéá íÝá ãñáììÞ.  Ìðïñåßôå íá
	äåßôå Ýíá ðáñÜäåéãìá ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <screen>&amp; <userinput>R 1</userinput>
To: root@localhost
Subject: Re: test

<userinput>Thank you, I did get your email.
.</userinput>
EOT</screen>

      <para>Ãéá íá óôåßëåôå íÝï mail, èá ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï ðëÞêôñï
	<keycap>m</keycap>, áêïëïõèïýìåíï áðü ôçí äéåýèõíóç ôïõ ðáñáëÞðôç.
	Ìðïñåßôå íá äþóåôå ðïëëáðëïýò ðáñáëÞðôåò, ÷ùñßæïíôáò ìåôáîý ôïõò
	ôéò äéåõèýíóåéò ìå <keycap>,</keycap>.  Ìðïñåßôå Ýðåéôá íá âÜëåôå ôï
	èÝìá ôïõ ìçíýìáôïò êáé íá óõíå÷ßóåôå ìå ôï ðåñéå÷üìåíï.  Ôï ôÝëïò ôïõ
	ìçíýìáôïò êáèïñßæåôáé ãñÜöïíôáò ìéá ìïíáäéêÞ <keycap>.</keycap> óå ìéá
	íÝá ãñáììÞ.</para>

      <screen>&amp; <userinput>mail root@localhost</userinput>
Subject: <userinput>I mastered mail

Now I can send and receive email using mail ... :)
.</userinput>
EOT</screen>

      <para>¼óï âñßóêåóôå ìÝóá óôçí åíôïëÞ <command>mail</command>, ìðïñåßôå
	íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï ðëÞêôñï <keycap>?</keycap> ãéá ôçí åìöÜíéóç
	âïÞèåéáò ïðïéáäÞðïôå óôéãìÞ.  Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá óõìâïõëåõôåßôå ôçí
	óåëßäá manual ôïõ &man.mail.1; ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ
	ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>mail</command>.</para>

      <note>
	<para>¼ðùò áíáöÝñáìå ðñïçãïõìÝíùò, ç åíôïëÞ &man.mail.1; äåí
	  ó÷åäéÜóôçêå áñ÷éêÜ ãéá íá ÷åéñßæåôáé óõíçììÝíá, êáé ãéá ôï ëüãï
	  áõôü ïé äõíáôüôçôåò ôéò óôï óõãêåêñéìÝíï èÝìá åßíáé ìéêñÝò.
	  Íåþôåñá <acronym>MUA</acronym>, üðùò ôï
	  <application>mutt</application>, ÷åéñßæïíôáé ôá óõíçììÝíá ìå ðïëý
	  ðéï Ýîõðíï ôñüðï.  ÁëëÜ áí ðáñ' üëá áõôÜ åðéèõìåßôå íá
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>mail</command>, ìÜëëïí èá
	  óáò öáíåß ÷ñÞóéìï ôï port
	  <filename role="package">converters/mpack</filename>.</para>
      </note>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="mutt-command">
      <title>mutt</title>

      <para>Ôï <application>mutt</application> åßíáé Ýíá ìéêñü, áëëÜ
	ðïëý éó÷õñü ðñüãñáììá áðïóôïëÞò êáé ëÞøçò mail, ìå åîáéñåôéêÜ
	÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ ôá ïðïßá ðåñéëáìâÜíïõí:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>Ôçí éêáíüôçôá íá äåß÷íåé ìçíýìáôá ìå ôçí ìïñöÞ
	    óõæçôÞóåùí</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÕðïóôÞñéîç PGP ãéá øçöéáêÞ õðïãñáöÞ êáé êñõðôïãñÜöçóç
	    email</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÕðïóôÞñéîç MIME</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÕðïóôÞñéîç Maildir</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÅîáéñåôéêÝò äõíáôüôçôåò ðáñáìåôñïðïßçóçò</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>¼ëåò áõôÝò ïé äõíáôüôçôåò, êÜíïõí ôï
	<application>mutt</application> Ýíá áðü ôá ðéï åîåëéãìÝíá äéáèÝóéìá
	ðñïãñÜììáôá ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ.  Äåßôå ôçí ôïðïèåóßá <ulink
	  url="http://www.mutt.org"></ulink> ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò
	ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï <application>mutt</application>.</para>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôç óôáèåñÞ Ýêäïóç ôïõ
	<application>mutt</application> ìÝóù ôïõ port <filename
	  role="package">mail/mutt</filename>, åíþ êáé ç ôñÝ÷ïõóá õðü åîÝëéîç
	Ýêäïóç åßíáé äéáèÝóéìç ìÝóù ôïõ port <filename
	  role="package">mail/mutt-devel</filename>.  ÌåôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç
	ôïõ port, ìðïñåßôå íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï <application>mutt</application>,
	ìå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mutt</userinput></screen>

      <para>Ôï <application>mutt</application> èá äéáâÜóåé áõôüìáôá ôá
	ðåñéå÷üìåíá ôçò èõñßäáò ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ ÷ñÞóôç óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
	  class="directory">/var/mail</filename>, êáé èá äåßîåé ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá
	ôïõ áí áõôü åßíáé åöéêôü.  Áí äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí mails óôç èõñßäá ôïõ
	÷ñÞóôç, ôï <application>mutt</application> èá åéóÝëèåé óå êáôÜóôáóç
	áíáìïíÞò åíôïëþí.  Ôï ðáñáêÜôù ðáñÜäåéãìá, äåß÷íåé ôï
	<application>mutt</application> íá áðåéêïíßæåé ìéá ëßóôá
	ìçíõìÜôùí:</para>

      <mediaobject>
	<imageobject>
	  <imagedata fileref="mail/mutt1" format="PNG"/>
	</imageobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>Ãéá íá äéáâÜóåôå Ýíá email, åðéëÝîôå ôï ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôá
	âåëÜêéá, êáé ðéÝóôå <keycap>Enter</keycap>.  Ìðïñåßôå íá äåßôå Ýíá
	ðáñÜäåéãìá áðåéêüíéóçò mail áðü ôï <application>mutt</application>
	ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <mediaobject>
	<imageobject>
	  <imagedata fileref="mail/mutt2" format="PNG"/>
	</imageobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>¼ðùò êáé ôï &man.mail.1;, ôï <application>mutt</application>,
	óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá áðáíôÞóåôå ôüóï óôïí áðïóôïëÝá ôïõ ìçíýìáôïò, üóï êáé
	óå üëïõò ôïõò ðáñáëÞðôåò.  Ãéá íá áðáíôÞóåôå ìüíï óôïí áðïóôïëÝá ôïõ
	email, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï ðëÞêôñï
	<keycap>r</keycap>.  Ãéá íá áðáíôÞóåôå óôçí ïìÜäá ÷ñçóôþí ç ïðïßá
	ðåñéëáìâÜíåé ôüóï ôïí áñ÷éêü áðïóôïëÝá, üóï êáé ôïõò õðüëïéðïõò
	ðáñáëÞðôåò ôïõ ìçíýìáôïò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï ðëÞêôñï
	<keycap>g</keycap>.</para>

      <note>
	<para>Ôï <application>mutt</application> ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï
	  &man.vi.1; ùò óõíôÜêôç êåéìÝíïõ ãéá äçìéïõñãßá êáé áðÜíôçóç óå
	  email.  Ç ñýèìéóç áõôÞ ìðïñåß íá áëëá÷èåß áðü ôï ÷ñÞóôç
	  äçìéïõñãþíôáò Þ ôñïðïðïéþíôáò ôï áñ÷åßï
	  <filename>.muttrc</filename> óôïí ðñïóùðéêü ôïõ êáôÜëïãï, êáé
	  èÝôïíôáò ôç ìåôáâëçôÞ <literal>editor</literal>, Þ áëëÜæïíôáò ôçí
	  ìåôáâëçôÞ ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò <envar>EDITOR</envar>.  Äåßôå ôçí ôïðïèåóßá
	  <ulink url="http://www.mutt.org/"></ulink> ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò
	  ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôç ñýèìéóç ôïõ
	  <application>mutt</application>.</para>
      </note>

      <para>Ãéá íá óõíôÜîåôå Ýíá íÝï ìÞíõìá, ðéÝóôå ôï ðëÞêôñï
	<keycap>m</keycap>.  Áöïý ãñÜøåôå ôï êáôÜëëçëï èÝìá, ôï
	<application>mutt</application> èá îåêéíÞóåé ôï &man.vi.1;
	åðéôñÝðïíôáò óáò íá ãñÜøåôå ôï mail.  Ìüëéò ïëïêëçñþóåôå,
	áðïèçêåýóôå êáé ôåñìáôßóôå ôï <command>vi</command> êáé ôï
	<application>mutt</application> èá óõíå÷ßóåé, äåß÷íïíôáò óáò ìéá
	ïèüíç ðåñßëçøçò ôïõ mail ôï ïðïßï ðñüêåéôáé íá óôáëåß.  Ãéá íá
	óôåßëåôå ôï mail, ðéÝóôå ôï ðëÞêôñï <keycap>y</keycap>.  Ìðïñåßôå
	íá äåßôå ðáñáêÜôù Ýíá ðáñÜäåéãìá ôçò ïèüíçò ðåñßëçøçò:</para>

      <mediaobject>
	<imageobject>
	  <imagedata fileref="mail/mutt3" format="PNG"/>
	</imageobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>Ôï <application>mutt</application> ðåñéÝ÷åé åðßóçò åêôåôáìÝíç
	âïÞèåéá, óôçí ïðïßá ìðïñåßôå íá Ý÷åôå ðñüóâáóç ó÷åäüí áðü êÜèå óçìåßï
	ôïõ ìåíïý, ðéÝæïíôáò ôï ðëÞêôñï <keycap>?</keycap>.  Ç ãñáììÞ óôçí
	êïñõöÞ ôçò ïèüíçò äåß÷íåé åðßóçò ôéò óõíôïìåýóåéò ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ,
	üðïõ õðÜñ÷ïõí.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="alpine-command">
      <title>alpine</title>

      <para>Ôï <application>alpine</application> áðåõèýíåôáé êõñßùò óôïí
	áñ÷Üñéï ÷ñÞóôç, áëëÜ ðåñéëáìâÜíåé åðßóçò êÜðïéá ðñï÷ùñçìÝíá
	÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ.</para>

      <warning>
	<para>Ôï <application>alpine</application> Ý÷åé éóôïñéêü ðñïâëçìÜôùí
	  áóöáëåßáò.  Óôï ðáñåëèüí, áíáêáëýöèçêáí ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ åðÝôñåðáí óå
	  áðïìáêñõóìÝíïõò åéóâïëåßò íá åêôåëÝóïõí ôï äéêü ôïõò êþäéêá óôï
	  ôïðéêü óýóôçìá, óôÝëíïíôáò áðëþò Ýíá åéäéêÜ äéáìïñöùìÝíï email.
	  ¼ëá áõôÜ ôá <emphasis>ãíùóôÜ</emphasis> ðñïâëÞìáôá Ý÷ïõí ðëÝïí
	  äéïñèùèåß, áëëÜ ï êþäéêáò ôïõ <application>alpine</application>
	  åßíáé ãñáììÝíïò ìå éäéáßôåñá áíáóöáëÞ ôñüðï, êáé ï Õðåýèõíïò
	  ÁóöÜëåéáò ôïõ &os;, ðéóôåýåé üôé åßíáé áñêåôÜ ðéèáíüí íá õðÜñ÷ïõí
	  êáé Üëëá êåíÜ áóöáëåßáò ðïõ äåí Ý÷ïõí áíáêáëõöèåß áêüìá.
	  ÅãêáôáóôÞóôå ôï <application>alpine</application> ìå äéêÞ óáò
	  åõèýíç.</para>
      </warning>

      <para>Ç ôñÝ÷ïõóá Ýêäïóç ôïõ <application>alpine</application> ìðïñåß íá
	åãêáôáóôáèåß ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï port <filename
	  role="package">mail/alpine</filename>.  ÌåôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ
	port ôï <application>alpine</application> ìðïñåß íá îåêéíÞóåé
	÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>alpine</userinput></screen>

      <para>Ôçí ðñþôç öïñÜ ðïõ èá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï
	<application>alpine</application> èá óáò äåßîåé ìéá áñ÷éêÞ óåëßäá
	÷áéñåôéóìïý, ìå ìéá óýíôïìç åéóáãùãÞ, êáèþò êáé ìéá áßôçóç áðü ôçí
	ïìÜäá áíÜðôõîçò ôïõ <application>alpine</application> íá ôïõò óôåßëåôå
	Ýíá áíþíõìï mail ôï ïðïßï èá ôïõò âïçèÞóåé íá Ý÷ïõí ìéá éäÝá ãéá ôï
	ðüóïé ÷ñÞóôåò ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôï ëïãéóìéêü.  Ãéá íá óôåßëåôå áõôü ôï
	áíþíõìï ìÞíõìá, ðéÝóôå <keycap>Enter</keycap>, Þ åíáëëáêôéêÜ ðéÝóôå
	<keycap>E</keycap> ãéá íá êëåßóåôå ôçí ïèüíç ÷áéñåôéóìïý ÷ùñßò íá
	óôåßëåôå ôï áíþíõìï ìÞíõìá.  ¸íá ðáñÜäåéãìá ôçò óåëßäáò ÷áéñåôéóìïý
	öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <mediaobject>
	<imageobject>
	  <imagedata fileref="mail/pine1" format="PNG"/>
	</imageobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>Èá åìöáíéóôåß êáôüðéí ôï êýñéï ìåíïý, óôï ïðïßï ìðïñåßôå íá
	ìåôáêéíçèåßôå åýêïëá ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôá âåëÜêéá.  Áõôü ôï êýñéï ìåíïý
	ðáñÝ÷åé ðëÞêôñá óõíôüìåõóçò ãéá äçìéïõñãßá íÝùí mail, ãéá
	áíß÷íåõóç óôïõò êáôáëüãïõò mail, êáé áêüìá ãéá äéá÷åßñéóç êáôá÷ùñÞóåùí
	óôï âéâëßï äéåõèýíóåùí.  ÊÜôù áðü ôï êýñéï ìåíïý, åìöáíßæïíôáé
	óõíôïìåýóåéò ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ ó÷åôéêÝò ìå ôçí åñãáóßá ðïõ ãßíåôáé ôç
	óõãêåêñéìÝíç óôéãìÞ.</para>

      <para>Ï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíïò êáôÜëïãïò ðïõ áíïßãåé ôï
	<application>alpine</application> åßíáé ôï
	<filename class="directory">inbox</filename>.  Ãéá íá äåßôå ôï
	åõñåôÞñéï ôùí ìçíõìÜôùí, ðéÝóôå ôï <keycap>I</keycap>, Þ åðéëÝîôå ôï
	<guimenuitem>MESSAGE INDEX</guimenuitem> üðùò öáßíåôáé
	ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <mediaobject>
	<imageobject>
	  <imagedata fileref="mail/pine2" format="PNG"/>
	</imageobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>Ôï åõñåôÞñéï ìçíõìÜôùí äåß÷íåé ìçíýìáôá áðü ôïí ôñÝ÷ïíôá
	êáôÜëïãï, êáé ìðïñåßôå íá ìåôáêéíçèåßôå óå áõôü ìå ôá âåëÜêéá.
	Ìðïñåßôå íá äéáâÜóåôå ôï åðéëåãìÝíï ìÞíõìá, ðéÝæïíôáò ôï ðëÞêôñï
	<keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>

      <mediaobject>
	<imageobject>
	  <imagedata fileref="mail/pine3" format="PNG"/>
	</imageobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>Óôçí åéêüíá ðïõ öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù, ôï
	<application>alpine</application> áðåéêïíßæåé Ýíá õðüäåéãìá ìçíýìáôïò.
	Óôï êÜôù ìÝñïò ôçò ïèüíçò öáßíïíôáé ó÷åôéêÝò óõíôïìåýóåéò
	ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ.  ¸íá ðáñÜäåéãìá ôÝôïéáò óõíôüìåõóçò, åßíáé ôï ðëÞêôñï
	<keycap>r</keycap> ôï ïðïßï ëÝåé óôï <acronym>MUA</acronym> íá
	äçìéïõñãÞóåé áðÜíôçóç ðñïò ôï ôñÝ÷ïí ìÞíõìá ðïõ áðåéêïíßæåôáé.</para>

      <mediaobject>
	<imageobject>
	  <imagedata fileref="mail/pine4" format="PNG"/>
	</imageobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>Ç áðÜíôçóç óå Ýíá mail ìÝóù ôïõ <application>alpine</application>
	ãßíåôáé ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ óõíôÜêôç êåéìÝíïõ
	<application>pico</application>, ï ïðïßïò åãêáèßóôáôáé áðü
	ðñïåðéëïãÞ ìáæß ìå ôï <application>alpine</application>.
	Ôï <application>pico</application> äéåõêïëýíåé ôç ìåôáêßíçóç ìÝóá óôï
	ìÞíõìá, êáé åßíáé êÜðùò ðéï åýêïëï ãéá ôïõò áñ÷Üñéïõò ÷ñÞóôåò óå
	ó÷Ýóç ìå ôï &man.vi.1; Þ ôï &man.mail.1;.  Ìüëéò ïëïêëçñþóåôå ôçí
	áðÜíôçóç, ìðïñåßôå íá óôåßëåôå ôï ìÞíõìá ðéÝæïíôáò ôá ðëÞêôñá
	<keycombo action="simul"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>X</keycap>
	</keycombo>.  Ôï <application>alpine</application> èá óáò æçôÞóåé íá
	ôï åðéâåâáéþóåôå.</para>

      <mediaobject>
	<imageobject>
	  <imagedata fileref="mail/pine5" format="PNG"/>
	</imageobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ðñïóáñìüóåôå ôï <application>alpine</application>
	ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç ôçò åðéëïãÞò <guimenuitem>SETUP</guimenuitem> áðü ôï êýñéï
	ìåíïý.  Óõìâïõëåõèåßôå ôçí ôïðïèåóßá <ulink
	  url="http://www.washington.edu/alpine/"></ulink> ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò
	ðëçñïöïñßåò.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="mail-fetchmail">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Marc</firstname>
	  <surname>Silver</surname>
	  <contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ áðü ôïí </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï fetchmail</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>fetchmail</primary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>Ôï <application>fetchmail</application> åßíáé Ýíáò ðëÞñçò ðåëÜôçò
      ãéá <acronym>IMAP</acronym> êáé <acronym>POP</acronym>, ï ïðïßïò
      åðéôñÝðåé óôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò íá êáôåâÜæïõí áõôüìáôá mail áðü áðïìáêñõóìÝíïõò
      åîõðçñåôçôÝò <acronym>IMAP</acronym> êáé <acronym>POP</acronym> êáé
      íá ôï áðïèçêåýïõí óå ôïðéêÝò èõñßäåò, áðü üðïõ ìðïñåß Ýðåéôá íá õðÜñ÷åé
      ðéï åýêïëç ðñüóâáóç.  Ôï <application>fetchmail</application> ìðïñåß íá
      åãêáôáóôáèåß ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï port <filename
	role="package">mail/fetchmail</filename> êáé ðáñÝ÷åé äéÜöïñá
      ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ, ìåñéêÜ áðü ôá ïðïßá ðåñéëáìâÜíïõí:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ÕðïóôÞñéîç ôùí ðñùôïêüëëùí <acronym>POP3</acronym>,
	  <acronym>APOP</acronym>, <acronym>KPOP</acronym>,
	  <acronym>IMAP</acronym>, <acronym>ETRN</acronym> êáé
	  <acronym>ODMR</acronym>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Äõíáôüôçôá ðñïþèçóçò email ìÝóù <acronym>SMTP</acronym>, ôï
	  ïðïßï åðéôñÝðåé ôç öõóéïëïãéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ öéëôñáñßóìáôïò, ôçò
	  ðñïþèçóçò, êáé ôùí ðáñùíõìßùí (aliases).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ìðïñåß íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé óå êáôÜóôáóç äáßìïíá, þóôå íá åëÝã÷åé
	  ðåñéïäéêÜ ãéá íÝá ìçíýìáôá.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ìðïñåß íá áíáêôÜ ðïëëáðëÝò èõñßäåò êáé íá ôéò ðñïùèåß, áíÜëïãá
	  ìå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ, óå äéáöïñåôéêïýò ôïðéêïýò ÷ñÞóôåò.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>Áí êáé åßíáé Ýîù áðü ôïõò óêïðïýò áõôïý ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ íá åîçãÞóåé
      üëåò ôéò äõíáôüôçôåò ôïõ <application>fetchmail</application>, èá
      áíáöåñèïýìå óå êÜðïéåò âáóéêÝò ëåéôïõñãßåò.
      Ôï <application>fetchmail</application> ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß Ýíá áñ÷åßï
      ñõèìßóåùí ãíùóôü ùò <filename>.fetchmailrc</filename>, ãéá íá
      ëåéôïõñãÞóåé óùóôÜ.  Ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü ðåñéÝ÷åé ôéò ðëçñïöïñßåò ôïõ
      åîõðçñåôçôÞ áëëÜ êáé ôá óôïé÷åßá åéóüäïõ ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç.  Ëüãù ôùí
      åõáßóèçôùí ðëçñïöïñéþí ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ áõôïý, óáò óõìâïõëåýïõìå íá
      ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ þóôå ç áíÜãíùóç ôïõ íá åðéôñÝðåôáé
      ìüíï áðü ôïí éäéïêôÞôç ôïõ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>chmod 600 .fetchmailrc</userinput></screen>

    <para>Ôï <filename>.fetchmailrc</filename> ðïõ öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù åßíáé Ýíá
      ðáñÜäåéãìá ìå ôï ïðïßï ìðïñåßôå íá êáôåâÜóåôå ôç èõñßäá åíüò ÷ñÞóôç
      ìÝóù ôïõ ðñùôïêüëëïõ <acronym>POP</acronym>.  Êáôåõèýíåé ôï
      <application>fetchmail</application> íá óõíäåèåß óôï <hostid
	role="fqdn">example.com</hostid> ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç
      <username>joesoap</username> êáé êùäéêü <literal>XXX</literal>.
      Ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá õðïèÝôåé üôé ï ÷ñÞóôçò <username>joesoap</username> åßíáé
      åðßóçò êáé ÷ñÞóôçò ôïõ ôïðéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò.</para>

    <programlisting>poll example.com protocol pop3 username "joesoap" password "XXX"</programlisting>

    <para>Ôï åðüìåíï ðáñÜäåéãìá, äåß÷íåé óýíäåóç óå ðïëëáðëïýò
      <acronym>POP</acronym> êáé <acronym>IMAP</acronym> åîõðçñåôçôÝò, êáé
      áíáêáôåõèýíåé óå äéáöïñåôéêïýò ôïðéêïýò ÷ñÞóôåò üðïõ åßíáé
      áðáñáßôçôï:</para>

    <programlisting>poll example.com proto pop3:
user "joesoap", with password "XXX", is "jsoap" here;
user "andrea", with password "XXXX";
poll example2.net proto imap:
user "john", with password "XXXXX", is "myth" here;</programlisting>

    <para>Ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá <application>fetchmail</application> ìðïñåß
      íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé óå êáôÜóôáóç äáßìïíá, áí ôï åêôåëÝóåôå ìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
      <option>-d</option>, áêïëïõèïýìåíç áðü Ýíá äéÜóôçìá (óå äåõôåñüëåðôá)
      ôï ïðïßï èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ãéá íá åñùôþíôáé ïé åîõðçñåôçôÝò ðïõ
      åßíáé êáôá÷ùñçìÝíïé óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>.fetchmailrc</filename>.
      Ôï ðáñáêÜôù ðáñÜäåéãìá ïäçãåß ôï <application>fetchmail</application>
      íá áíé÷íåýåé ãéá íÝï mail êÜèå 600 äåõôåñüëåðôá:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>fetchmail -d 600</userinput></screen>

    <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôï
      <application>fetchmail</application> óôçí ôïðïèåóßá <ulink
	url="http://fetchmail.berlios.de/"></ulink>.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="mail-procmail">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Marc</firstname>
	  <surname>Silver</surname>
	  <contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ áðü ôïí </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï procmail</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>procmail</primary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>Ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá <application>procmail</application> åßíáé
      ìéá áðßóôåõôá éó÷õñÞ åöáñìïãÞ ðïõ ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ãéá ôï
      öéëôñÜñéóìá ôïõ åéóåñ÷üìåíïõ mail.  ÅðéôñÝðåé óôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò íá
      ïñßæïõí <quote>êáíüíåò</quote> ïé ïðïßïé ìðïñåß íá ôáéñéÜæïõí óå
      åéóåñ÷üìåíá mail êáé íá åêôåëïýí äéÜöïñåò ëåéôïõñãßåò, Þ íá
      áíáêáôåõèýíïõí ôï mail óå åíáëëáêôéêÝò èõñßäåò Þ / êáé äéåõèýíóåéò
      ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ.  Ôï <application>procmail</application> ìðïñåß íá
      åãêáôáóôáèåß ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï port <filename
	role="package">mail/procmail</filename>.  ÌåôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ,
      ìðïñåß íá åíóùìáôùèåß ó÷åäüí óå ïðïéïäÞðïôå
      <acronym>MTA</acronym>.  Óõìâïõëåõèåßôå ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ôïõ
      <acronym>MTA</acronym> ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò.
      ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, ìðïñåßôå íá åíóùìáôþóåôå ôï
      <application>procmail</application> ðñïóèÝôïíôáò ôçí áêüëïõèç ãñáììÞ
      óå Ýíá áñ÷åßï <filename>.forward</filename> óôïí êáôÜëïãï ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç,
      ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôéò äõíáôüôçôåò ôïõ
      <application>procmail</application>:</para>

    <programlisting>"|exec /usr/local/bin/procmail || exit 75"</programlisting>

    <para>Óôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíüôçôá, èá äåßîïõìå ìåñéêïýò áðü ôïõò âáóéêïýò
      êáíüíåò ôïõ <application>procmail</application>, êáèþò êáé óýíôïìåò
      ðåñéãñáöÝò ôçò ëåéôïõñãßáò ôïõò.  ÐñÝðåé íá ôïðïèåôÞóåôå áõôïýò (êáé
      Üëëïõò) êáíüíåò óå Ýíá áñ÷åßï <filename>.procmailrc</filename>, ôï ïðïßï
      èá ðñÝðåé íá âñßóêåôáé ìÝóá óôïí êáôÜëïãï ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç:</para>

    <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå ôïõò ðåñéóóüôåñïõò áðü áõôïýò ôïõò êáíüíåò, óôç
      óåëßäá manual ôïõ &man.procmailex.5;.</para>

    <para>Ðñïþèçóç üëïõ ôïõ email ôçò äéåýèõíóçò
      <email>user@example.com</email> ðñïò ôçí åîùôåñéêÞ
      äéåýèõíóç <email role="nolink">goodmail@example2.com</email>:</para>

    <programlisting>:0
* ^From.*user@example.com
! goodmail@example2.com</programlisting>

    <para>Ðñïþèçóç üëùí ôùí email ðïõ åßíáé ìéêñüôåñá áðü 1000 bytes ðñïò ìéá
      åîùôåñéêÞ äéåýèõíóç email <email
	role="nolink">goodmail@example2.com</email>:</para>

    <programlisting>:0
* &lt; 1000
! goodmail@example2.com</programlisting>

    <para>ÁðïóôïëÞ üëïõ ôïõ mail ðïõ óôÜëèçêå ðñïò ôï
      <email>alternate@example.com</email> óå ìéá èõñßäá ðïõ êáëåßôáé
      <filename>alternate</filename>:</para>

    <programlisting>:0
* ^TOalternate@example.com
alternate</programlisting>

    <para>ÁðïóôïëÞ üëïõ ôïõ mail ìå èÝìá <quote>Spam</quote> ðñïò ôï
      <filename>/dev/null</filename>:</para>

    <programlisting>:0
^Subject:.*Spam
/dev/null</programlisting>

    <para>Ìéá ÷ñÞóéìç ëýóç ðïõ îå÷ùñßæåé ôá email áðü ôéò ëßóôåò ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ
      <hostid role="domainname">&os;.org</hostid> êáé ôïðïèåôåß ôï êÜèå
      ìÞíõìá óå äéáöïñåôéêÞ èõñßäá:</para>

    <programlisting>:0
* ^Sender:.owner-freebsd-\/[^@]+@FreeBSD.ORG
{
	LISTNAME=${MATCH}
	:0
	* LISTNAME??^\/[^@]+
	FreeBSD-${MATCH}
}</programlisting>
  </sect1>
</chapter>