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|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>FreeBSD/alpha 5.1-RELEASE Release Notes</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR"
content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 " />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
</head>
<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"
link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/alpha
5.1-RELEASE Release Notes</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002,
2003 by The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD:
src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
1.573 2003/05/28 21:01:22 hrs Exp $<br />
</p>
<div>
<div class="ABSTRACT">
<a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
<p>The release notes for FreeBSD 5.1-RELEASE contain a
summary of recent changes made to the FreeBSD base
system on the 5-CURRENT development branch. This
document lists applicable security advisories that were
issued since the last release, as well as significant
changes to the FreeBSD kernel and userland. Some brief
remarks on upgrading are also presented.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="TOC">
<dl>
<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
<dt>1 <a href="#INTRO">Introduction</a></dt>
<dt>2 <a href="#NEW">What's New</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.1 <a href="#SECURITY">Security
Advisories</a></dt>
<dt>2.2 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.2.1 <a href="#PROC">Processor/Motherboard
Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.2 <a href="#BOOT">Boot Loader
Changes</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.3 <a href="#NET-IF">Network Interface
Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.4 <a href="#NET-PROTO">Network
Protocols</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.5 <a href="#DISKS">Disks and
Storage</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.6 <a href="#FS">File Systems</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.7 <a href="#PCCARD">PCCARD
Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.8 <a href="#MM">Multimedia
Support</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt>
<dt>2.4 <a href="#CONTRIB">Contributed
Software</a></dt>
<dt>2.5 <a href="#PORTS">Ports/Packages Collection
Infrastructure</a></dt>
<dt>2.6 <a href="#RELENG">Release Engineering and
Integration</a></dt>
<dt>2.7 <a href="#DOC">Documentation</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>3 <a href="#UPGRADE">Upgrading from previous releases
of FreeBSD</a></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1
Introduction</a></h1>
<p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD
5.1-RELEASE on the Alpha/AXP hardware platform. It
describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of
FreeBSD. It also provides some notes on upgrading from
previous versions of FreeBSD.</p>
<p>This distribution of FreeBSD 5.1-RELEASE is a release
distribution. It can be found at <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/"
target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> or any of its
mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other)
release distributions of FreeBSD can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD'' appendix</a> to the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>.</p>
<p>Users who are new to the 5-CURRENT series of FreeBSD
releases should also read the ``Early Adopters Guide to
FreeBSD 5.1-RELEASE''. This document can generally be found
in the same location as the release notes (either as a part
of a FreeBSD distribution or on the FreeBSD Web site). It
contains important information regarding the advantages and
disadvantages of using FreeBSD 5.1-RELEASE, as opposed to
releases based on the FreeBSD 4-STABLE development
branch.</p>
<p>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata
before installing FreeBSD. The errata document is updated
with ``late-breaking'' information discovered late in the
release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
information on known bugs, security advisories, and
corrections to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the
errata for FreeBSD 5.1-RELEASE can be found on the FreeBSD
Web site.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2 What's
New</a></h1>
<p>This section describes many of the user-visible new or
changed features in FreeBSD since 5.0-RELEASE. It includes
items that are unique to the 5-CURRENT branch, as well as
some features that may have been recently merged to other
branches (after FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE). The latter items are
marked as [MERGED].</p>
<p>Typical release note items document recent security
advisories issued after 5.0-RELEASE, new drivers or
hardware support, new commands or options, major bug fixes,
or contributed software upgrades. They may also list
changes to major ports/packages or release engineering
practices. Clearly the release notes cannot list every
single change made to FreeBSD between releases; this
document focuses primarily on security advisories,
user-visible changes, and major architectural
improvements.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1
Security Advisories</a></h2>
<p>A remotely exploitable vulnerability in <b
class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> has been corrected with the
import of version 1.11.5. More details can be found in
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:01.cvs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:01</a>. [MERGED]</p>
<p>A timing-based attack on <b
class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, which could allow a very
powerful attacker access to plaintext under certain
circumstances, has been prevented via an upgrade to <b
class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> 0.9.7. See security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:02.openssl.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:02</a> for more details.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>The security and performance of the ``syncookies''
feature has been improved to decrease the chance of an
attacker being able to spoof connections. More details
are given in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:03.syncookies.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:03</a>. [MERGED]</p>
<p>Remotely-exploitable buffer overflow vulnerabilities
in <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> have been fixed by
updating <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b>. For more
details, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:04.sendmail.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:04</a> and <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:07.sendmail.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:07</a>. [MERGED]</p>
<p>A bounds-checking bug in the XDR implementation, which
could allow a remote attacker to cause a
denial-of-service, has been fixed. For more details see
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:05.xdr.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:05</a>. [MERGED]</p>
<p>Two recently-publicized flaws in <b
class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> have been corrected. For
more details, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:06.openssl.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:06</a>. [MERGED]</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2 Kernel
Changes</a></h2>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> is now
mandatory; the <tt class="LITERAL">NODEVFS</tt> option
has been removed from the set of possible kernel
configuration options.</p>
<p>A minor bug in the permissions handling of <tt
class="FILENAME">/dev/tty</tt> has been fixed. As a
result, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a> can now be
used after <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
<p>A bug that caused <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstat&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstat</span>(2)</span></a> to
return <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> as the number of bytes
available to read from a TCP socket has been fixed.</p>
<p>A bug that caused <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> to
report <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> as the number of bytes
available to read from a TCP socket has been fixed. The
<tt class="LITERAL">NOTE_LOWAT</tt> flag for <tt
class="LITERAL">EVFILT_READ</tt> has been fixed.</p>
<p>Linux emulation mode now supports IPv6.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=madvise&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">madvise</span>(2)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="LITERAL">MADV_PROTECT</tt>
behavior, which informs the virtual memory system that a
process is critical and should not be killed when swap
space has been exhausted. The process must be owned by
the superuser.</p>
<p>A second process scheduler, designed to be a general
purpose scheduler with many SMP benefits, has been added
to the scheduler framework. Exactly one scheduler must be
specified in a kernel configuration. The original
scheduler may be selected using <tt
class="LITERAL">options SCHED_4BSD</tt>. The newer
(experimental) scheduler can be selected by using <tt
class="LITERAL">options SCHED_ULE</tt>.</p>
<p>Device major numbers are now allocated dynamically by
default. This change greatly decreases the need for a
static, centralized table of major number assignments to
device drivers (a few drivers retain their old static
major numbers for compatibility), and also reduces the
possibility of running out of device major numbers.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.1
Processor/Motherboard Support</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.2 Boot
Loader Changes</a></h3>
<p>The alpha boot loader (<tt
class="FILENAME">boot1</tt>) can now be called <tt
class="FILENAME">boot</tt> for consistency with other
platforms.</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">/modules</tt> directory
(once the default location for modules on FreeBSD 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>) is no longer a part
of the default <tt
class="VARNAME">kern.module_path</tt>. Third-party
modules should be placed in <tt
class="FILENAME">/boot/modules</tt>.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> Modules designed for use with
FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> are
likely to panic when loaded into a FreeBSD
5.1-RELEASE kernel and should be used with extreme
caution.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.3
Network Interface Support</a></h3>
<p>The cm driver now supports IPX. [MERGED]</p>
<p>A new <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">wlan</span>(4)</span></a> module
provides 802.11 link-layer support. The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a> drivers
now use this facility.</p>
<p>A timing bug in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver,
which could cause a kernel panic (or other problems)
when configuring an interface, has been fixed.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO"
name="NET-PROTO">2.2.4 Network Protocols</a></h3>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> <tt
class="LITERAL">skipto</tt> rules can once again be
used with the <tt class="LITERAL">log</tt> keyword. <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> <tt
class="LITERAL">uid</tt> rules are once again
working.</p>
<p>It is now possible to build the <tt
class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> and <tt
class="LITERAL">INET6</tt> options into the same
kernel. (They still cannot be used together,
however.)</p>
<p>A bug in TCP NewReno, which caused premature exit
from fast recovery when NewReno was enabled, has been
fixed. [MERGED]</p>
<p>TCP now has support for the ``Limited Transmit''
mechanism proposed by RFC 3042. This feature is
intended to improve the effectiveness of TCP loss
recovery in certain circumstances. It is off by default
but can be enabled with the <tt
class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3042</tt> sysctl
variable. More information can be found in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
<p>TCP now has support for increased initial congestion
window sizes as described in RFC 3390. This feature can
improve the throughput of short transfers, as well as
high-bandwidth, large propagation-delay connections. It
is off by default but can be enabled with the <tt
class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3390</tt> sysctl
variable. More information can be found in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
<p>The IP fragment reassembly code behaves more
gracefully when receiving a large number of packet
fragments (it is designed to be more resistant to
fragment-based denial of service attacks). [MERGED]</p>
<p>TCP connections in the <tt
class="LITERAL">TIME_WAIT</tt> state now use a special
protocol control block that uses less space than a
full-blown TCP PCB. This allows some of the data
structures and resources used by such a connection to
be freed earlier.</p>
<p>It is now possible to specify the range of
``privileged ports'' (TCP and UDP ports that require
superuser access to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bind&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bind</span>(2)</span></a> to).
The range is now specified with the <tt
class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedlow</tt>
and <tt
class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh</tt>
sysctl variables, defaulting to the traditional UNIX
behavior. This feature is intended to help network
servers bind to traditionally privileged ports without
requiring superuser access. <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip</span>(4)</span></a> has more
details.</p>
<p>Some bugs in the non-blocking RPC code has been
fixed. As a result, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">amd</span>(8)</span></a> users
are now able to mount volumes from a 5.1-RELEASE
server.</p>
<p>Support for XNS networking, which has not worked
correctly for almost seven years, has been removed.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.5
Disks and Storage</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now runs free of the Giant kernel lock. This change has
given a nearly 20% performance speedup on an SMP system
running multiple I/O intensive loads.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports all known SiS chipsets. (More details can
be found in the Hardware Notes.)</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports the Promise SATA150 TX2 and TX4 Serial
ATA/150 controllers.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now flushes devices on shutdown. This change may result
in failure messages being printed on the console for
devices that do not support flushing.</p>
<p>The CAM layer now has support for devices with more
than 2<sup>32</sup> blocks. (Assuming 512-byte blocks,
this means support for devices larger than 2TB.)</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> For users upgrading across this
change, note that all userland applications that
talk to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pass</span>(4)</span></a> or
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">xpt</span>(4)</span></a>
devices must be recompiled. Examples of such
programs are <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=camcontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">camcontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
in the base system, the <tt
class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt> port, and
the <tt class="FILENAME">multimedia/xmms</tt>
port.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p>A number of changes have been made to the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a> driver.
The primary user-visible change is improved
compatibility with ATAPI/USB/Firewire CDROM drives.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> is now
mandatory; the <tt class="LITERAL">NO_GEOM</tt> has
been removed from the set of kernel configuration
options.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iir&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">iir</span>(4)</span></a> driver
has been updated; this update is believed to fix
problems detecting attached disks during
installation.</p>
<p>A bug in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mly&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mly</span>(4)</span></a> driver
that caused hangs has been corrected.</p>
<p>Support has been added for volume labels on UFS and
UFS2 file systems. These labels are strings that can be
used to identify a volume, regardless of what device it
appears on. Labels can be set with the <tt
class="OPTION">-L</tt> options to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> or <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a>. With
the <tt class="LITERAL">GEOM_VOL</tt> module, volumes
can be accessed using their labels under <tt
class="FILENAME">/dev/vol</tt>.</p>
<p>The root file system can now be located on a <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a>
volume. More information can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> manual
page.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.6 File
Systems</a></h3>
<p>A new <tt class="LITERAL">DIRECTIO</tt> kernel
option enables support for read operations that bypass
the buffer cache and put data directly into a userland
buffer. This feature requires that the <tt
class="LITERAL">O_DIRECT</tt> flag is set on the file
descriptor and that both the offset and length for the
read operation are multiples of the physical media
sector size. [MERGED]</p>
<p>NETNCP and Netware File System Support (nwfs) are
once again working.</p>
<p>Bugs that could cause the unmounting of a smbfs
share to fail or cause a kernel panic have been
fixed.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="PCCARD" name="PCCARD">2.2.7
PCCARD Support</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.8 Multimedia
Support</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3
Userland Changes</a></h2>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> now
correctly handles setting user passwords containing
special shell characters.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-g</tt> option to set a
user's default login group.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>
utility is a replacement for the older disklabel utility.
Like its predecessor, it installs, examines, or modifies
the BSD label on a disk partition, and can install
bootstrap code. Compared to disklabel, a number of
obsolete options and parameters have been retired. A new
<tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> option instructs <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a> to
use the layout suitable for a specific machine.</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> distribution
now includes the <tt
class="FILENAME">libcrypto.so.2</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">libgmp.so.3</tt>, and <tt
class="FILENAME">libssl.so.2</tt> libraries from FreeBSD
4.7-RELEASE.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chgrp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">chgrp</span>(1)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chown&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">chown</span>(8)</span></a> now,
when the owner/group is modified, print the old and new
uid/gid if the <tt class="OPTION">-v</tt> option is
specified more than once.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a> now
implements a <tt class="LITERAL">nodevice</tt> kernel
configuration file directive that cancels the effect of a
<tt class="LITERAL">device</tt> directive. The new <tt
class="LITERAL">nooption</tt> and <tt
class="LITERAL">nomakeoption</tt> directives cancel prior
<tt class="LITERAL">options</tt> and <tt
class="LITERAL">makeoptions</tt> directives,
respectively.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=diskinfo&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">diskinfo</span>(8)</span></a>
utility has been added to show information about a disk
device and optionally to run a naive performance
test.</p>
<p>The disklabel utility has been replaced by <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>. On
the alpha, i386, and pc98 platforms, disklabel is a link
to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports caching of disk blocks with the <tt
class="OPTION">-C</tt> option. This can improve dump
performance at the cost of possibly missing file system
updates that occur between passes.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dumpfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">dumpfs</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> flag to print file
system parameters in the form of a <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>
command.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=elfdump&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">elfdump</span>(1)</span></a>, a
utility to display information about <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=elf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">elf</span>(5)</span></a> format
executable files, has been added.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a> uses the
<tt class="FILENAME">.netrc</tt> support in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(3)</span></a> and also
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-N</tt> to specify an
alternate <tt class="FILENAME">.netrc</tt> file.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(3)</span></a> now has
support for <tt class="FILENAME">.netrc</tt> files (see
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp</span>(1)</span></a> for more
details).</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> option to disable
printing any host-specific information, such as the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> version
or hostname, in server messages. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-P</tt> option to specify a
port on which to listen in daemon mode. The default data
port number is now set to be one less than the control
port number, rather than being hard-coded. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports an extended format of the <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/ftpchroot</tt> file. Please refer
to the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpchroot&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpchroot</span>(5)</span></a>
manpage, which is now available, for details.
[MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports login directory pathnames that specify
simultaneously a directory for <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> and
that to change to in the chrooted environment. The <tt
class="LITERAL">/./</tt> separator is used for this
purpose, like in other FTP daemons having this feature.
It may be used in both <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpchroot&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpchroot</span>(5)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a>.
[MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwcontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwcontrol</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports <tt class="OPTION">-R</tt> and <tt
class="OPTION">-S</tt> options for receiving and sending
DV streams. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gstat&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gstat</span>(8)</span></a> utility
has been added to show the disk activity inside the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>
subsystem.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports <tt class="LITERAL">enable</tt> and <tt
class="LITERAL">disable</tt> commands to control various
aspects of the operation of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a>
(including enabling and disabling the firewall itself).
These provide a more convenient and visible interface
than the existing sysctl variables. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-i</tt> flag to output an
identifier for a newly-created jail.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jexec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">jexec</span>(8)</span></a> utility
has been added to execute a command inside an existing
jail.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jls&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">jls</span>(8)</span></a> utility
has been added to list existing jails.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kenv&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">kenv</span>(1)</span></a> has been
moved from <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin</tt> to <tt
class="FILENAME">/bin</tt> to make it available at times
during system startup when only the root file system is
mounted.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-j</tt> option to kill all
processes inside a jail.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libgeom&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">libgeom</span>(3)</span></a>
library has been added to allow some userland access to
the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>
subsystem.</p>
<p>The mac_portacl MAC policy module has been added. It
provides a simple ACL mechanism to permit users and
groups to bind ports for TCP or UDP, and is intended to
be used in conjunction with the recently-added <tt
class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh</tt>
sysctl.</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">MAKEDEV</tt> script is now
unnecessary, due to the mandatory presence of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a>, and has
been removed.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mergemaster&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mergemaster</span>(8)</span></a>
now supports a <tt class="OPTION">-P</tt> option to
preserve the contents of files being replaced.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mixer&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mixer</span>(8)</span></a> can now
implement relative volume adjustments.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>
program has been added to allow easier creation of FFS
snapshots. It is a SUID-<tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>
executable designed for use by members of the <tt
class="GROUPNAME">operator</tt> group.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">umount</span>(8)</span></a> now
accept a <tt class="OPTION">-F</tt> option to specify an
alternate <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a>
file.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_nfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_nfs</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt> flag to avoid doing
a <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=connect&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">connect</span>(2)</span></a> for
UDP mount points. This option must be used if the server
does not reply to requests from the standard NFS port
number 2049 or if it replies to requests using a
different IP address (which can occur if the server is
multi-homed). Setting the <tt
class="VARNAME">vfs.nfs.nfs_ip_paranoia</tt> sysctl to
<tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> will make this option the
default. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_nfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_nfs</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports the <tt class="OPTION">noinet4</tt> and <tt
class="OPTION">noinet6</tt> mount options to prevent NFS
mounts from using IPv4 or IPv6 respectively.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> will now
create UFS2 file systems by default, unless UFS1 is
specifically requested with the <tt
class="OPTION">-O1</tt> option.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a> has
a number of new features. Among them:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>A <tt class="LITERAL">W</tt> flag forces
previously-started compression jobs for an entry (or
group of entries specified with the <tt
class="LITERAL">G</tt> flag) to finish before
beginning a new one. This feature is designed to
prevent system overloads caused by starting several
compression jobs on big files simultaneously.
[MERGED]</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A ``default rotate action'', to be used for files
specified for rotation but not specified in the
configuration file. [MERGED]</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A <tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> command-line flag to
disable sending signals to processes when rotating
files. [MERGED]</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A <tt class="LITERAL">N</tt> configuration file
flag to indicate that no process needs to be signaled
when rotating a file. [MERGED]</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A <tt class="LITERAL">U</tt> configuration file
flag to specify that a process group (rather than a
single process) should be signaled when rotating
files. [MERGED]</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsdispatch&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsdispatch</span>(3)</span></a> is
now thread-safe and implements support for Name Service
Switch (NSS) modules. NSS modules may be statically built
into <tt class="FILENAME">libc</tt> or dynamically loaded
via <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dlopen&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">dlopen</span>(3)</span></a>. They
are loaded/initialized at configuration time (i.e. when
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsdispatch&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsdispatch</span>(3)</span></a> is
called and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsswitch.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsswitch.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
is read or re-read).</p>
<p>A new <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_chroot&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_chroot</span>(8)</span></a>
module has been added, which does a <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a>
operation for users into either a predetermined directory
or one derived from their home directory.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_ssh&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_ssh</span>(8)</span></a> has
been rewritten. One side effect of the rewrite is that it
now starts a separate instance of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-agent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-agent</span>(1)</span></a> for
each session instead of trying to connect each session to
the agent started by the first session.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-D</tt> flag to set the
``Don't Fragment'' bit on outgoing packets.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-M</tt> option to use ICMP
mask request or timestamp request messages instead of
ICMP echo requests.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-z</tt> flag to set the
Type of Service bits in outgoing packets.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> can now add
a user whose name ends with a <tt class="LITERAL">$</tt>
character; this change is intended to help administration
of <b class="APPLICATION">Samba</b> services.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>The format of the <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/pwd.db</tt> and <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/spwd.db</tt> password databases
created by <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pwd_mkdb&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pwd_mkdb</span>(8)</span></a> is
now byte-order independent. The pre-processed password
databases can now be moved between machines of different
architectures. The format includes version numbers on
entries to ensure compatibility with old binaries.</p>
<p>A bug in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rand&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rand</span>(3)</span></a> that
could cause a sequence to remain stuck at <tt
class="LITERAL">0</tt> has been fixed. (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rand&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rand</span>(3)</span></a> remains
unsuitable for all but trivial uses.)</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> now has
support for the dynamic mapping of shared object
dependencies. This optional feature is especially useful
when experimenting with different threading libraries. It
is not, however, built by default. More information on
enabling and using this feature can be found in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sem_open&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sem_open</span>(3)</span></a> now
correctly handles multiple opens of the same semaphore;
as a result, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sem_close&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sem_close</span>(3)</span></a> no
longer crashes calling programs.</p>
<p>The seeding algorithm used by <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=srandom&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">srandom</span>(3)</span></a> has
been strengthened.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
will now select UFS2 as the default layout for new file
systems unless specifically requested in the disk
labeler.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=swapoff&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">swapoff</span>(8)</span></a>
command has been added to disable paging and swapping on
a device. A related <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=swapctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">swapctl</span>(8)</span></a>
command has been added to provide an interface to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=swapon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">swapon</span>(8)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=swapoff&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">swapoff</span>(8)</span></a>
similar to other BSDs.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=swapoff&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">swapoff</span>(8)</span></a>
feature should be considered experimental.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a> now
allows multiple hosts or programs to be named in host or
program specifications in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslog.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslog.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
files.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=systat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">systat</span>(1)</span></a> now
includes an <tt class="OPTION">-ifstat</tt> display mode
that displays the network traffic going through active
interfaces on the system.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=usbhidaction&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">usbhidaction</span>(1)</span></a>
command has been added; it performs actions according to
its configuration in response to USB HID controls.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uudecode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">uudecode</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64decode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">b64decode</span>(1)</span></a> now
support a <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt> flag for decoding
raw (or broken) files that may be missing the initial and
possibly final framing lines. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmstat&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">vmstat</span>(8)</span></a> has
re-implemented the <tt class="OPTION">-f</tt> flag, which
displays statistics on fork operations.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-P</tt> option to execute
multiple copies of the same utility in parallel.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-o</tt> flag to reopen <tt
class="FILENAME">/dev/tty</tt> for the child process
before executing the command. This is useful when the
child process is an interactive application.</p>
<p>The historic BSD boot scripts in <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc</tt> have been removed, in favor of
the <tt class="FILENAME">rc.d</tt> system imported from
<b class="APPLICATION">NetBSD</b> (sometimes referred to
as ``rcNG''). All functionality of the historic system
has been preserved. In particular, files such as <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> continue to be the
recommended means of configuring the system startup. The
<tt class="FILENAME">rc.d</tt> system has been the
default since FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE, so this change should
be largely transparent for the vast majority of users.
Users who have customized their historic-style startup
scripts should be aware that the following files have
been removed from <tt class="FILENAME">/etc</tt>: <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.atm</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.devfs</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.diskless1</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.diskless2</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.i386</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.alpha</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.amd64</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.ia64</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.sparc64</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.isdn</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.network</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.network6</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.pccard</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.serial</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.syscons</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.sysctl</tt>. <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mergemaster&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mergemaster</span>(8)</span></a>,
when run, will offer to move these files out of the way
for convenience. More details can be found in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.subr&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.subr</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4
Contributed Software</a></h2>
<p>The <b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> code has been
updated from the 20021118 snapshot to the 20030228
snapshot.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">awk</b> from Bell Labs has been
updated to a 14 March 2003 snapshot.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated to
version 8.3.4. [MERGED]</p>
<p>All of the <b class="APPLICATION">bzip2</b> suite of
applications is now installed in the base system (in
particular, <tt class="COMMAND">bzip2recover</tt> is now
built and installed). [MERGED]</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> has been updated to
1.11.5. [MERGED]</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">FILE</b> has been updated to
3.41. [MERGED]</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> has been updated to
3.2.2 (release version).</p>
<p>The <b class="APPLICATION">gdtoa</b> library, for
conversions between strings and floating point, has been
imported. These sources were dated 24 March 2003.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">groff</b> (and related
utilities) have been updated from 1.18.1 to 1.19.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> has been updated
to 3.4.31. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> client has
been updated to 3.0.1RC11. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> client now
includes the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=omshell&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">omshell</span>(1)</span></a>
utility and the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dhcpctl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">dhcpctl</span>(3)</span></a>
library for run-time control of the client.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">Kerberos IV</b> support (in the
form of <b class="APPLICATION">KTH eBones</b>) has been
removed. Users requiring this functionality can still get
it from the <tt class="FILENAME">security/krb4</tt> port
(or package). Kerberos IV compatibility mode for Kerberos
5 has been removed, and the <tt class="LITERAL">k5<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>program</i></tt></tt> userland
utilities have been renamed to <tt class="LITERAL">k<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>program</i></tt></tt>.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">Kerberos 5</b> is now built by
default in <tt class="LITERAL">buildworld</tt>
operations. Setting <tt
class="VARNAME">MAKE_KERBEROS5</tt> no longer has any
effect. Disabling the base system Kerberos 5 now requires
the <tt class="VARNAME">NO_KERBEROS</tt> Makefile
variable to be set.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> now has support for
selecting among multiple data link types on an
interface.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b> (not built or
installed by default) has been updated to a snapshot from
22 January 2003.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> has been updated
from the ``Citronella'' release to the ``Dianthus''
release.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been updated to
3.6.1p1.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> has been updated to
release 0.9.7a. Among other features, this release
includes support for AES and takes advantage of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(4)</span></a>
devices. [MERGED]</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been updated
to version 8.12.9. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a> has
been updated to version 3.7.2. [MERGED] It also now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> flag to list the
data link types available on an interface and a <tt
class="OPTION">-y</tt> option to specify the data link
type to use while capturing packets.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">texinfo</b> has been updated
from 4.2 to 4.5.</p>
<p>The timezone database has been updated from <tt
class="FILENAME">tzdata2002d</tt> to <tt
class="FILENAME">tzdata2003a</tt>. [MERGED]</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5
Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</a></h2>
<p>The one-line <tt class="FILENAME">pkg-comment</tt>
files have been eliminated from each port skeleton; their
contents have been moved into each port's <tt
class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>. This change reduces the
disk space and inodes used by the ports tree.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>When fetching distfiles for building a port, the <tt
class="VARNAME">FETCH_REGET</tt> <tt
class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt> variable can be used to
specify the number of times to try continuing to fetch a
distfile if it fails its MD5 checksum. The port
infrastructure also supports re-fetching interrupted
distfiles.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> option, which
allows packages to register a list of other packages with
which they conflict. They will refuse to install (via <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>) if
one of the listed packages is already present. The <tt
class="OPTION">-f</tt> flag to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>
overrides this conflict-checking.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a> now
honors the <tt class="VARNAME">BLOCKSIZE</tt> environment
variable in its output when the <tt
class="OPTION">-b</tt> flag is given.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a> now
implements a <tt class="OPTION">-Q</tt> option, which is
similar to the <tt class="OPTION">-q</tt> ``quiet''
option except that it prefixes the output with the
package name.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6
Release Engineering and Integration</a></h2>
<p>The supported release of <b
class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> has been updated to 2.2.1.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>The supported release of <b
class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> has been updated to 3.1.2.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>There is no longer a separate <tt
class="FILENAME">krb5</tt> distribution. The Kerberos 5
libraries and utilities have been incorporated into the
<tt class="FILENAME">crypto</tt> distribution.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-release">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
once again supports installing individual components of
<b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>. Supporting changes
(not user-visible) generalize the concept of installing
parts of distributions as packages.</p>
<p>The supported release of <b
class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> has been updated to
4.3.0. [MERGED]</p>
<p>Several upgrade mechanisms designed to permit major
version upgrades from FreeBSD 2.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> to 3.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> and from FreeBSD 3.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> to 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> have been removed.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7
Documentation</a></h2>
<p>The following new articles have been added to the
documentation set: ``FreeBSD From Scratch'', ``The
Roadmap for 5-STABLE''.</p>
<p>A new Danish (<tt
class="FILENAME">da_DK.ISO8859-1</tt>) translation
project has been started.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3
Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></h1>
<p>Users with existing FreeBSD systems are <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">highly</i></span>
encouraged to read the ``Early Adopter's Guide to FreeBSD
5.1-RELEASE''. This document generally has the filename <tt
class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt> on the distribution media,
or any other place that the release notes can be found. It
offers some notes on upgrading, but more importantly, also
discusses some of the relative merits of upgrading to
FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> versus
running FreeBSD 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of
course, only be attempted after backing up <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span>
data and configuration files.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related
documents, can be downloaded from <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the
<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a>
before contacting <<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 5-CURRENT
should subscribe to the <<a
href="mailto:current@FreeBSD.org">current@FreeBSD.org</a>>
mailing list.</small></small></p>
<p align="center">For questions about this documentation,
e-mail <<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</p>
<br />
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