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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V4.2-Based Extension//EN"
"../../../share/sgml/freebsd42.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % entities PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook FreeBSD Entity Set//RU" "../../share/sgml/entities.ent">
%entities;
]>
<!--
The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project
$FreeBSD$
Original revision: r34679
-->
<!-- ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ: ëÏÒÅÎËÏ ôÁÒÁÓ -->
<article lang="ru">
<articleinfo>
<title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ <application>GCC</application>
É <application>binutils</application> c ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÅÊ ÐÏÒÔÏ×
&os;</title>
<author>
<firstname>Martin</firstname>
<surname>Matuska</surname>
<affiliation>
<address><email>mm@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
&tm-attrib.general;
</legalnotice>
<copyright>
<year>2009</year>
<holder>The &os; Documentation Project</holder>
</copyright>
<pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
<releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>
<abstract>
<para>÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÁÔØÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÏ× <application>GCC</application> É ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ
<application>binutils</application> ÉÚ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× &os;.
úÄÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ
<application>GCC</application>.</para>
</abstract>
</articleinfo>
<sect1 id="intro">
<title>ðÒÅÄÉÓÌÏ×ÉÅ</title>
<para>ëÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒ, ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÊ Ó &os; 8.0, — ÜÔÏ
<application>GCC</application> ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 4.2.1. ÷ ÂÁÚÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
&os; ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ <application>binutils</application> ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
2.15. üÔÏ ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ-ÔÁËÉ ÓÔÁÒÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ, É × ÎÉÈ, ÍÅÖÄÕ ÐÒÏÞÉÍ,
ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ <acronym>CPU</acronym>, ÔÁËÉÈ
ËÁË <acronym>SSSE3</acronym>, <acronym>SSE4.1</acronym>,
<acronym>SSE4.2</acronym> É Ô.Ð. ÷×ÉÄÕ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ,
ÎÏ×ÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.
ë ÓÞÁÓÔØÀ, ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÁ
<application>GCC</application> (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×ÅÒÓÉÀ 4.4)
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×É× ÅÇÏ ÉÚ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× &os;.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="prerequisites">
<title>ðÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ</title>
<sect2 id="installing-binutils">
<title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ binutils ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÏ×</title>
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ <application>GCC</application>, ÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ <application>binutils</application>. üÔÏ
ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ÂÅÚ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
<application>binutils</application> ×Ù ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ
ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ <acronym>CPU</acronym>.</para>
<para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ
<application>binutils</application> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÀ ÐÏÒÔÏ×
&os;, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/devel/binutils && make install</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="installing-gcc">
<title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ GCC ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÏ×</title>
<para>
÷ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× &os; ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ
<application>GCC</application>. ÷ ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÍ
ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ 4.4. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÕÀ
ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÕÀ (ÒÁÚ×É×ÁÀÝÕÀÓÑ) ×ÅÒÓÉÀ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:
<filename role="package">lang/gcc43</filename> ÉÌÉ
<filename role="package">lang/gcc45</filename>).</para>
<para>äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ×ÙÛÅÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×
<application>GCC</application>, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/lang/<replaceable>gcc44</replaceable> && make install</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="configuring-ports-gcc">
<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÏÊ
×ÅÒÓÉÉ <application>GCC</application></title>
<para>äÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ <application>GCC</application>,
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÉÚ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× &os, ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
<sect2 id="adjusting-make.conf">
<title>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × <filename>make.conf</filename></title>
<para>äÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ × <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>
(ÉÌÉ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ):</para>
<programlisting>.if !empty(.CURDIR:M/usr/ports/*) && exists(/usr/local/bin/gcc44)
CC=gcc44
CXX=g++44
CPP=cpp44
.endif</programlisting>
<para>÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Ù, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ
ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ <envar>${CC}</envar> É <envar>${CPP}</envar>.</para>
<note>
<para>ðÒÉÍÅÒÙ, ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£ÎÎÙÅ ×ÙÛÅ, ÓÄÅÌÁÎÙ ÄÌÑ
<application>GCC</application> ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 4.4. äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <command>gcc43</command>, ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ
<literal>"gcc44"</literal> ÎÁ <literal>"gcc43"</literal> É
<literal>"4.4"</literal> ÎÁ <literal>"4.3"</literal>
É Ô.Ð.</para>
</note>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="adjusting-libmap.conf">
<title>éÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ × <filename>libmap.conf</filename></title>
<para>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ É ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ
ÓËÏÍÐÏÎÏ×ÁÎÙ Ó libgcc_s ÉÌÉ libstdc++. ÷ ÂÁÚÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÕÖÅ
×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÜÔÉ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ, ÎÏ ÏÔ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÔÁÒÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
<application>GCC</application> (×ÅÒÓÉÉ 4.2.1). þÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ
rltd (É ldd) ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ Ë
<filename>/etc/libmap.conf</filename> (ÉÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÅ
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ):</para>
<programlisting>libgcc_s.so.1 gcc44/libgcc_s.so.1
libgomp.so.1 gcc44/libgomp.so.1
libobjc.so.3 gcc44/libobjc.so.2
libssp.so.0 gcc44/libssp.so.0
libstdc++.so.6 gcc44/libstdc++.so.6</programlisting>
<note>
<para>ðÒÉÍÅÒ ×ÙÛÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎ ÄÌÑ <application>GCC</application>
×ÅÒÓÉÉ 4.4. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ <command>gcc43</command>,
ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ <literal>"gcc44"</literal> ÎÁ <literal>"gcc43"</literal>
É Ô.Ä. óÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÏÔÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ×ÓÅ ×ÙÛÅÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔÙÅ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ
ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙ Ó ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁÍÉ, ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÍÉ Ó ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ.</para>
</note>
<warning>
<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ C++ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÅÓÌÉ
ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÁÑ ËÏÍÐÏÎÏ×ËÁ ÜÔÉÈ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅË. åÓÌÉ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
ÓËÏÍÐÏÎÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ ×ÓÅ, ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ
ÄÌÑ libstdc++.so.</para>
</warning>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="custom-cflags">
<title>óÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ <literal>CFLAGS</literal> ÄÌÑ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ
ÐÏÒÔÏ×</title>
<para>äÌÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÈ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
<literal>CFLAGS</literal>, ÉÓÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ
<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ÓÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ:</para>
<programlisting>.if !empty(.CURDIR:M/usr/ports/*) && exists(/usr/local/bin/gcc44)
CC=gcc44
CXX=g++44
CPP=cpp44
CFLAGS+=-mssse3
.endif</programlisting>
<para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ <literal>CFLAGS</literal> É/ÉÌÉ
ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ <literal>CPUTYPE</literal>. íÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ
<literal>CPUTYPE</literal> ÔÁË ËÁË ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÐÏÒÔÁÈ ÆÌÁÇÉ ÏÐÔÉÍÉÚÁÃÉÉ
×ÙÂÉÒÁÀÔÓÑ, ÂÁÚÉÒÕÑÓØ ÎÁ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÉ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="excluding-unbuildable-ports">
<title>éÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÓÏÂÉÒÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÅÊ
<application>GCC</application></title>
<para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÓËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÐÏÒÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÓÏÂÉÒÁÀÔÓÑ ÓÏ
ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÅÊ <application>GCC</application>, ÉÓÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ
<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ÓÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ
ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ:</para>
<programlisting>.if !empty(.CURDIR:M/usr/ports/*) && exists(/usr/local/bin/gcc44)
.if empty(.CURDIR:M/usr/ports/net/openldap*)
CC=gcc44
CXX=g++44
CPP=cpp44
.endif
.endif</programlisting>
<para>ðÒÉÍÅÒ, ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£ÎÎÙÊ ×ÙÛÅ, ÏÔÍÅÎÑÅÔ ÐÒÉÎÕÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
<command>gcc</command> 4.4 ÄÌÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ×
<filename role="package">net/openldap</filename>*. ôÁËÖÅ
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÐÏÒÔÏ× × ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ:</para>
<programlisting>.if empty(.CURDIR:M/usr/ports/net/openldap*) && empty(.CURDIR:M/usr/ports/xxx/yyy) && ...</programlisting>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="performance-imparct">
<title>÷ÌÉÑÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×</title>
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <application>GCC</application> ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 4.4 Ó
ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÎÙÍ ÎÁÂÏÒÏÍ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ <acronym>SSSE3</acronym>
(ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÉ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ <acronym>CPU</acronym>) ÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÁÔØ ÄÏ 10%
Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÒÅÄÎÅÊ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×. ÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
ÔÅÓÔÁÈ ÐÒÉÒÏÓÔ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÌ 20% (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, × ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÅ
ÍÕÌØÔÉÍÅÄÉÊÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ).</para>
<para>÷ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ, ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÎÏÊ ÎÁ <ulink
url="http://people.freebsd.org/~mm/benchmarks/perlbench/"></ulink>,
ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÅ <application>GCC</application> × ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ
×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÇÏ × ÂÁÚÕ &os;, <application>GCC</application> ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 4.3 É
<application>GCC</application> ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 4.4 Ó ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÑÍÉ
<literal>CFLAGS</literal>. äÌÑ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÊ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÓÑ ÔÅÓÔÏ×ÙÊ ÐÁËÅÔ perlbench.</para>
</sect1>
</article>
|
