path: root/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/book.sgml

<!DOCTYPE BOOK PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook V3.1-Based Extension//EN" [
<!ENTITY % man PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Manual Page Entities//EN">
%man;
]>

<book lang="en">

<bookinfo>
<title>Frequently Asked Questions ÐÏ FreeBSD 2.X É 3.X</title>

<authorgroup>
<author>
<surname>The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project</surname>
</author>
</authorgroup>

<pubdate>$FreeBSD: doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/book.sgml,v 1.24 1999/12/18 12:24:04 andy Exp $</pubdate>

<abstract><para>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÁË ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÍ FAQ (Frequently Asked
  Questions), ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ÓÐÉÓËÏÍ þÁÓÔÏ úÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÷ÏÐÒÏÓÏ× ÐÏ FreeBSD ×ÅÒÓÉÊ 2.X
  É 3.X.  åÓÌÉ ÎÅ ÏÇÏ×ÏÒÅÎÏ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÅ, ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ
  ÓÐÒÁ×ÅÄÌÉ×Ù ÄÌÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ FreeBSD 2.0.5 É ×ÙÛÅ. ðÕÎËÔÙ Ó ÐÏÍÅÔËÏÊ &lt;XXX&gt;
  ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÏÍÏÞØ × ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ
  ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ, ÐÏÛÌÉÔÅ ÐÉÓØÍÏ × ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ ÐÒÏÅËÔÁ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ <ulink
  URL="mailto:freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org">&lt;freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org&gt;</ulink>.
  ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ÒÅÄÁËÃÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ Ó
  <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/">WWW-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ FreeBSD</ulink>. åÇÏ ÔÁËÖÅ
  ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ × ×ÉÄÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ
  <ulink URL="book.html">HTML-ÆÁÊÌÁ</ulink> ÐÏ HTTP ÉÌÉ × ×ÉÄÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ
  ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÆÁÊÌÁ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ postscript ÉÌÉ PDF Ó
  <ulink URL="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc">FTP-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ</ulink>.
  ÷Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
  <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/search.html">ÐÏÉÓË</ulink> ×
  FAQ.</para>
</abstract>

</bookinfo>


<preface id="preface">
<title>ðÒÅÄÉÓÌÏ×ÉÅ</title>

<para>äÏÂÒÏ ÐÏÖÁÌÏ×ÁÔØ ×Ï FreeBSD 2.X-3.X FAQ!</para>
  
<para>ëÁË É ÏÂÙÞÎÙÊ FAQ ËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÊ Usenet, ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ
     ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÉÚ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ×, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÈÓÑ 
     ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD (É, ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ).
     ðÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÔÏËÁ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ É
     ÉÚÂÅÖÁÎÉÑ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÅÎÉÑ ÏÄÎÉÈ É ÔÅÈ ÖÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ×, ÐÏÓÔÅÐÅÎÎÏ FAQ
     ÐÒÅ×ÒÁÔÉÌÓÑ × ÃÅÎÎÙÊ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉË ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</para>
  
<para>íÙ ÐÒÉÌÁÇÁÅÍ ×ÓÅ ÕÓÉÌÉÑ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ FAQ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏ
     ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÔÉ×ÎÙÍ; ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÉÄÅÉ ÐÏ ÅÇÏ ÕÓÏ×ÅÒÛÅÎÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÀ,
     ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÎÁÐÉÛÉÔÅ 
     <ulink URL="mailto:FAQ@FreeBSD.org">ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔÅÌÑÍ</ulink>.</para>
  
<qandaset><qandaentry><question>
<para>FreeBSD - ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ?</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ Ä×ÕÈ ÓÌÏ×ÁÈ, FreeBSD 2.X - ÜÔÏ UN*X-ÐÏÄÏÂÎÁÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÎÁ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 4.4BSD ëÁÌÉÆÏÒÎÉÊÓËÏÇÏ õÎÉ×ÅÒÓÉÔÅÔÁ
     (âÅÒËÌÉ) ÄÌÑ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ i386. ôÁËÖÅ ÏÎÁ ËÏÓ×ÅÎÎÏ ÂÁÚÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ 386BSD
     (BSD Net/2, ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓ£ÎÎÏÊ ÎÁ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÕ i386 ÷ÉÌØÑÍÏÍ äÖÏÌÉÔÃÅÍ
     (William Jolitz)), ÈÏÔÑ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ ÐÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ ÏÓÔÁÌÏÓØ ÏÞÅÎØ
     ÍÁÌÏ. âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÅ ÏÂßÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÉÚ ÓÅÂÑ FreeBSD
     É ÄÌÑ ÞÅÇÏ ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÇÏÄÉÔØÓÑ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/">ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ FreeBSD</ulink>.</para>
  
<para>FreeBSD ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÑÍÉ, éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ-ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁÍÉ,
     ÎÁÕÞÎÙÍÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÎÉËÁÍÉ, ÐÒÏÆÅÓÓÉÏÎÁÌÁÍÉ × ×ÙÞÉÓÌÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÔÅÈÎÉËÅ,
     ÓÔÕÄÅÎÔÁÍÉ É ÒÑÄÏ×ÙÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ ÐÏ ×ÓÅÍÕ ÍÉÒÕ ÄÌÑ
     ÒÁÂÏÔÙ, ÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÏÔÄÙÈÁ. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ
     × ÎÁÛÅÊ <ulink URL="../../gallery/gallery.html">ÇÁÌÅÒÅÅ</ulink>.</para>
  
<para>äÌÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÌÅÎÉÑ Ó FreeBSD, ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ,
     ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <ulink URL="../../handbook/index.html">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Õ
     ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ FreeBSD.</ulink></para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁËÏ×Ù ÃÅÌÉ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>ãÅÌÉ, ÐÒÅÓÌÅÄÕÅÍÙÅ ÐÒÏÅËÔÏÍ FreeBSD - ÜÔÏ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ
     ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÏ ×
     ÌÀÂÙÈ ÃÅÌÑÈ ÂÅÚ ×ÓÑÞÅÓËÉÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ. íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÎÁÓ ×ËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÀÔ
     ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÕÓÉÌÉÑ × Å£ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÕ (É ÐÒÏÅËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ) É ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏ
     ÂÙÌÉ ÂÙ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÔÉ× ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÆÉÎÁÎÓÏ×ÏÊ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ,
     ÎÏ ÍÙ ÎÅ ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÍÓÑ Å£ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØ. íÙ ÎÁÄÅÅÍÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÛÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ É ÓÁÍÁÑ
     ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ "ÍÉÓÓÉÑ" - ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ËÏÄ ×ÓÅÍ ÖÅÌÁÀÝÉÍ, ÄÌÑ ÌÀÂÙÈ ÃÅÌÅÊ,
     ÔÁË ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎ ÎÁÛÅÌ ÓÁÍÏÅ ÛÉÒÏËÏÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ É ÐÒÉÎÅÓ ÎÁÉÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÐÏÌØÚÕ.
     üÔÏ, ÎÁ ÎÁÛ ×ÚÇÌÑÄ, ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÁÍÙÈ ÆÕÎÄÁÍÅÎÔÁÌØÎÙÈ ÃÅÌÅÊ
     Free Software, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÙ Ó ÜÎÔÕÚÉÁÚÍÏÍ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍ.</para>
  
<para>éÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ ËÏÄ, ÐÏÄÐÁÄÁÀÝÉÊ ÐÏÄ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅ GNU General
     Public License (GPL) ÉÌÉ GNU Library General Public License (LGPL),
     ÉÍÅÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ, ÈÏÔÑ  É ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ
     ÎÁ×ÑÚÙ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍ ÔÅËÓÔÁÍ, Á ÎÅ ÎÁÏÂÏÒÏÔ, ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ. éÚ-ÚÁ
     ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÓÌÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
     ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ GPL, ÍÙ ÓÔÁÒÁÅÍÓÑ,
     ÇÄÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ
     ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ÐÏÄÐÁÄÁÀÝÉÍ ÐÏÄ ÂÏÌÅÅ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÕÀ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÀ BSD.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÂÅÚÏ ×ÓÑÞÅÓËÉÈ ×ÙÐÌÁÔ, ÄÁÖÅ
     ÄÌÑ ÉÚ×ÌÅÞÅÎÉÑ ×ÙÇÏÄÙ.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>÷ÓÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ,
     ÎÁ Å£ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ × ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÁÈ (ËÁË ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÈ, ÔÁË É
     ÎÅËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÈ) É ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÅ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÌÏÖÅÎÙ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÅ
     ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ìÀÂÏÊ, Õ ËÏÇÏ ÅÓÔØ ÕÓÏ×ÅÒÛÅÎÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ É/ÉÌÉ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ,
     ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ Ó×ÏÊ ËÏÄ É ÏÎ ÂÕÄÅÔ (ÐÒÁ×ÄÁ, Ó ÐÁÒÏÊ
     ÏÇÏ×ÏÒÏË) ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ × ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
<para>äÌÑ ÔÅÈ ÎÁÛÉÈ ÞÉÔÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÁÎÇÌÉÊÓËÉÊ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÒÏÄÎÙÍ
     ÑÚÙËÏÍ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÓÌÏ×Ï ``free'' ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÚÄÅÓØ × Ä×ÕÈ
     ÓÍÙÓÌÁÈ, ÏÄÉÎ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ``ÂÅÓÐÌÁÔÎÏ'', Á ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ``×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ×Ó£,
     ÞÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ''. úÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÐÁÒÙ ×ÅÝÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù <emphasis remap=tt>ÎÅ
     ÍÏÖÅÔÅ</emphasis> ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØ Ó FreeBSD, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
     ÐÒÅÔÅÎÄÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÅÓØ Å£ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏÍ, ×Ù ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ
     ÄÅÌÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÄÅÌÁÔØ Ó ÎÅÊ ×Ó£, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÚÁÂÌÁÇÏÒÁÓÓÕÄÉÔÓÑ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>


<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁËÏ×Á ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ÅÒÓÉÑ <ulink
  URL="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/3.3-RELEASE/">3.3</ulink>,
  ×ÙÐÕÝÅÎÎÁÑ × ÓÅÎÔÑÂÒÅ 1999 ÇÏÄÁ, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÏÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ
  <emphasis>ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÏÊ</emphasis> ×ÅÒÓÉÅÊ. ïÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÙÍ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÍ
  <emphasis>ÒÅÌÉÚÏÍ</emphasis>.</para>
 
<para>åÓÌÉ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÔØ ËÒÁÔËÏ, ÔÏ ×ÅÔËÁ <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ
  ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÁÍ ÕÓÌÕÇ Internet ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ËÏÒÐÏÒÁÔÉ×ÎÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ×
  ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ ÎÕÖÎÁ ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÏÓÔØ É ÎÅ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÔÌÉÞÉÊ ÏÔ
  ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ ÐÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÁ
  <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>.  òÅÌÉÚÙ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÉÚ ÌÀÂÏÊ "×ÅÔËÉ", ÎÏ
  <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ
  Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ, ÞÔÏ ÇÏÔÏ×Ù Ë ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ (ÐÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÀ ÓÏ
  <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>) ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ × ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
 
<para>òÅÌÉÚÙ ÄÅÌÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ <link linkend="release-freq">ÒÁÚ × ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
  ÍÅÓÑÃÅ×</link>.  èÏÔÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÔÁÒÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÁËÔÕÁÌØÎÏÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ
  ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× FreeBSD (ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ Ï <link
  linkend="current">FreeBSD-CURRENT</link> É <link
  linkend="stable">FreeBSD-STABLE</link>), ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÔÁË ËÁË
  ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÍÅÎÑÀÔÓÑ.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>


<qandaentry><question
id="current">
<para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ FreeBSD-CURRENT?</para></question><answer>

<para><ulink URL="../../handbook/cutting-edge.html#CURRENT">FreeBSD-CURRENT</ulink>
  - ÜÔÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÁÑÓÑ × ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÄÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ
  ×ÙÐÕÓËÁ 4.0-RELEASE. ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÏÎÁ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓ ÔÏÌØËÏ
  ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É Å£ ÆÁÎÁÔÏ×.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <ulink
  URL="../../handbook/cutting-edge.html#CURRENT">ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍÕ
  ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ</ulink> <ulink URL="../../handbook/index.html">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á</ulink>
  ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÅÔÁÌÅÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó -CURRENT.</para>
 
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌÉÓÔ ÐÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ ÉÌÉ ÎÅ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ
  ÏÔÌÉÞÉÔØ ÒÅÁÌØÎÕÀ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ ÏÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ Ñ×ÌÅÎÉÊ, ×Ù ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
  FreeBSD-CURRENT.  üÔÁ ×ÅÔ×Ø ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÞÅÎØ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ É ×ÐÏÌÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
  ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ. ôÅ, ËÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ
  FreeBSD-CURRENT, ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ ÁÎÁÌÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÌÀÂÙÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ É
  ÓÏÏÂÝÁÔØ Ï ÎÉÈ, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, Á ÎÅ ``ÇÌÀËÉ''.  óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ
  ÔÉÐÁ ``make world produces some error about groups'' × ÓÐÉÓËÅ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ
  -CURRENT ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ×ÏÓÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÅÎÅÂÒÅÖÉÔÅÌØÎÏ.</para>
 
<para>éÚ ×ÅÔ×É -CURRENT ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏ ÄÅÌÁÀÔÓÑ <ulink 
  URL="../../releases/snapshots.html">ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÙ</ulink>, ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
  ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÎÁ CDROM. éÈ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ:</para>
 
<para>     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>ôÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÁÍÏÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÔÏÒÁ.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>äÁÔØ ÌÀÄÑÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÈÏÔÑÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó -CURRENT, ÎÏ ÎÅ
     ÉÍÅÀÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ É/ÉÌÉ ÍÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ (ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ) ÄÌÑ
     ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÅÖÅÄÎÅ×ÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ţ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>æÉËÓÁÃÉÑ ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÓÓÙÌÏË × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ,
     ÅÓÌÉ ÐÏÚÖÅ ÍÙ ÞÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÏÞÅÎØ ÓÉÌØÎÏ ÓÌÏÍÁÅÍ. (èÏÔÑ CVS, ËÁË
     ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÓÌÕÞÉÔØÓÑ ÎÉÞÅÍÕ ÔÁËÏÍÕ ÕÖÁÓÎÏÍÕ :)</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ìÀÂÙÅ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ,
     ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÍÅÔØ ËÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÐÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌØÎÙÈ ÔÅÓÔÅÒÏ×.</para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
<para>îÅ ÕÔ×ÅÒÖÄÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×ÓÑËÉÊ ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔ ÉÍÅÅÔ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Ï ``ÇÏÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔÁ''.
  äÌÑ ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÏÊ É ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÏÖÄÁÔØÓÑ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ
  ÒÅÌÉÚÁ.</para>
 
<para>óÎÜÐÛÏÔÙ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó <ulink
  URL="ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</ulink>
  É, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÅÖÅÄÎÅ×ÎÏ ÄÌÑ ×ÅÔÏË 4.0-CURRENT É
  3.0-STABLE.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>


<qandaentry><question
id="stable">
<para>÷ Þ£Í ÓÍÙÓÌ FreeBSD-STABLE?</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÂÙÌÁ ×ÙÐÕÝÅÎÁ FreeBSD 2.0.5, ÍÙ ÒÅÛÉÌÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔØ
  ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÕ FreeBSD ÎÁ Ä×Å ÞÁÓÔÉ. ïÄÎÁ ×ÅÔËÁ, ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÎÁÑ <ulink
  URL="../../handbook/stable.html">-STABLE</ulink>, ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ ÄÌÑ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ
  ÔÏÌØËÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÏÔÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÊ É ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÈ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ
  ÕÓÏ×ÅÒÛÅÎÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÊ (ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÏ× ÕÓÌÕÇ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÈ
  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ÜËÓÐÅÒÉÍÅÎÔÁÌØÎÙÅ
  ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ×ÅÓØÍÁ ÎÅÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÙ).  äÒÕÇÏÊ ×ÅÔ×ØÀ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ <ulink
  URL="../../handbook/cutting-edge.html#CURRENT">-CURRENT</ulink>, É ÏÎÁ ÐÏ
  ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Õ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÑÍÏÊ ÌÉÎÉÅÊ, ×ÅÄÕÝÅÊ Ë 4.0-RELEASE (É ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ) Ó ÔÅÈ
  ÐÏÒ, ËÁË ÂÙÌÁ ×ÙÐÕÝÅÎÁ 2.0.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ËÁÒÔÉÎËÁ, ÔÏ ×ÏÔ ËÁË ÜÔÏ
  ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ:</para>
 
<para>
<literallayout>               2.0
                |
                |
                |  [2.1-STABLE]
 *÷åô÷ø*      2.0.5 -&gt; 2.1 -&gt; 2.1.5 -&gt; 2.1.6 -&gt; 2.1.7.1  [ËÏÎÅà 2.1-STABLE]
                |                            (íÁÒ 1997)
                |
                |
                |  [2.2-STABLE]
 *÷åô÷ø*      2.2.1 -&gt; 2.2.2-RELEASE -&gt; 2.2.5 -&gt; 2.2.6 -&gt; 2.2.7 -&gt; 2.2.8 [ËÏÎÅÃ]
                |        (íÁÒ 1997)   (ïËÔ 97) (áÐÒ 98)  (éÀÌ 98) (äÅË 98)
                |
                |
             3.0-SNAPs  (ÎÁÞÁÌÏ × I Ë×ÁÒÔÁÌÅ 1997)
                |
                |
           3.0.0-RELEASE (ïËÔ 1998)
                |
                |  [3.0-STABLE]
 *÷åô÷ø*       3.1  (æÅ× 1999) -&gt; 3.2 -&gt; ... ÂÕÄÕÝÉÅ ÒÅÌÉÚÙ 3.x ...
                |               (íÁÊ 1999)
                |
               \|/
                +
        [ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÉÅ 4.0-CURRENT]
 </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>÷ÅÔ×Ø -CURRENT ÐÏÓÔÅÐÅÎÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔ × 4.0 É ×ÙÛÅ, ÔÏÇÄÁ ËÁË ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÁÑ
  ×ÅÔ×Ø, 2.2-STABLE, ÂÙÌÁ ×ÙÔÅÓÎÅÎÁ ÒÅÌÉÚÏÍ 2.2.8.  ôÅÐÅÒØ ÅÇÏ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÌÁ ×ÅÔ×Ø
  3.3-STABLE, ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ, 3.3-RELEASE, ×ÙÛÅÌ × ÓÅÒÅÄÉÎÅ ÓÅÎÔÑÂÒÑ
  1999 ÇÏÄÁ.  "ôÅËÕÝÅÊ ×ÅÔËÏÊ" ÓÅÊÞÁÓ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ 4.0-CURRENT, ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ
  ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ × ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ Ë×ÁÒÔÁÌÅ 2000 ÇÏÄÁ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>


<qandaentry><question
id="release-freq">
<para>        ÷ ËÁËÏÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ         FreeBSD?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÁ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÅÔ
     ÎÏ×ÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ, ÔÏÌØËÏ ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎÉ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ, ÞÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
     ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ É/ÉÌÉ ×ÎÅÓ£ÎÎÙÈ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÊ ÕÖÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ É ÎÏ×ÙÊ
     ÒÅÌÉÚ ÎÅ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÅÔ ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÏÓÔÉ. íÎÏÇÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÏÃÅÎÉ×ÁÀÔ ÜÔÕ 
     ÏÓÔÏÒÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ËÁË ÏÄÎÕ ÉÚ ÌÕÞÛÉÈ ÓÔÏÒÏÎ FreeBSD, ÈÏÔÑ ÏÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
     ÒÁÚÏÞÁÒÏ×Ù×ÁÅÔ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÔÅÒÐÉÔÓÑ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ..</para>
  
<para>÷ ÓÒÅÄÎÅÍ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ËÁÖÄÙÅ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ ÍÅÓÑÃÁ.</para>
  
<para>äÌÑ ÔÅÈ, ËÏÍÕ ÎÅ ÔÅÒÐÉÔÓÑ, ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ SNAP-ÒÅÌÉÚÙ, ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÅÍÙÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ
     ÞÁÓÔÏ, × ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, × ÔÅÞÅÎÉÉ ÍÅÓÑÃÁ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÒÅÌÉÚÏÍ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>FreeBSD ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌØÎÙÈ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×?</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ FreeBSD 3.x ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÁË ÎÁ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÅ x86,
     ÔÁË É ÎÁ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÅ <ulink URL="../../alpha/alpha.html">DEC Alpha</ulink>.
     îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓ ÂÙÌ ÐÒÏÑ×ÌÅÎ Ë ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÕ ÎÁ
     SPARC, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÅËÔÁ ÅÝ£ ÎÅ ÑÓÎÙ.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÕ É ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÐÒÑÍÏ
     ÓÅÊÞÁÓ, ÓÏ×ÅÔÕÅÍ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ
     <ulink URL="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</ulink> ÉÌÉ
     <ulink URL="http://www.openbsd.org/">OpenBSD</ulink>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÔÏ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>òÅÛÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÁÓÁÀÔÓÑ ËÌÀÞÅ×ÙÈ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÏ× × ÐÒÏÅËÔÅ FreeBSD,
     ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË ÏÂÝÅÅ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚ×ÉÔÉÑ ÐÒÏÅËÔÁ ÉÌÉ ËÔÏ
     ÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ ËÏÄ Ë ÄÅÒÅ×Õ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ 
     <ulink URL="../../handbook/staff.html#STAFF-CORE">ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ</ulink>
     ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× (core team), ÓÏÓÔÏÑÝÅÊ ÉÚ 15 ÞÅÌÏ×ÅË.  ôÁËÖÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
     ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌØÛÁÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÁ ÉÚ ÂÏÌÅÅ 150
     <ulink URL="../../handbook/staff-committers.html">ËÏÍÍÉÔÔÅÒÏ×</ulink>
     (committers), ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÑÍÏ × ÄÅÒÅ×Å ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
     ÔÅËÓÔÏ× FreeBSD.</para>
  
<para>ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÎÅÔÒÉ×ÉÁÌØÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÅÔÓÑ
     × <link linkend="mailing">ÓÐÉÓËÁÈ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ</link>, É ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ 
     ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÎÁ ÕÞÁÓÔÉÅ × ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÕÓÓÉÑÈ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question
id="where-get">
<para>çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ÓÅ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÒÅÌÉÚÙ FreeBSD ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÐÏ ftp Ó
     <ulink URL="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">FTP-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ FreeBSD</ulink>:</para>
  
<para>     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>ôÅËÕÝÉÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ 2.2-STABLE, 2.2.8R, ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <ulink
  URL="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/2.2.8-RELEASE/">2.2.8-RELEASE</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ôÅËÕÝÉÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ 3.X-STABLE, 3.3-RELEASE, ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <ulink
     URL="ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/3.3-RELEASE">3.3-RELEASE</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>òÅÌÉÚÙ <ulink URL="ftp://releng22.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">2.2 Snapshot</ulink> ÄÅÌÁÀÔÓÑ ÅÖÅÄÎÅ×ÎÏ ÉÚ ×ÅÔËÉ RELENG_2_2
       (ÐÏÓÌÅ 2.2.8), ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏÓÔÅÐÅÎÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔ × ÒÅÖÉÍ ÓÏÐÒÏ×ÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ.
       ÷ÅÔ×Ø RELENG_2_2 ×ÅÄ£ÔÓÑ ÏÞÅÎØ ÁËËÕÒÁÔÎÏ É ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ÔÕÄÁ
       ÎÅ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ËÒÏÍÅ ËÁË ÖÉÚÎÅÎÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÐÏ ÓÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑÍ
       ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>÷ÙÐÕÓËÉ <ulink
     URL="ftp://releng30.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">3.X Snapshot</ulink> ÔÁËÖÅ
     ÄÅÌÁÀÔÓÑ ÅÖÅÄÎÅ×ÎÏ ÉÚ ×ÅÔËÉ RELENG_3 (ÐÏÓÌÅ 3.0-RELEASE), ÐÏËÁ ÏÎÁ
     ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔ × 3.4-RELEASE.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>÷ÙÐÕÓËÉ <ulink 
     URL="ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">4.0 Snapshot</ulink>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
     ÄÅÌÁÀÔÓÑ ÅÖÅÄÎÅ×ÎÏ ÉÚ ×ÅÔ×É <link linkend="current">-CURRENT</link>,
     ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÔÅÓÔÅÒÏ× É ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×.</para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
<para>FreeBSD ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÀ CDROM, ÐÏ ÔÁËÏÍÕ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ:</para>
  
<address>
  <otheraddr>  Walnut Creek CDROM</otheraddr>
  <street>     4041 Pike Lane, Suite F</street>
  <city>       Concord</city>, <state>CA</state>  <postcode>94520</postcode>
  <country>    USA</country>

  <phone>      Orders:     +1 800 786-9907</phone>
  <phone>      Questions:  +1 925 674-0783</phone>
  <fax>        FAX:        +1 925 674-0821</fax>
  <otheraddr>  email:      <ulink URL="mailto:orders@cdrom.com">WC Orders address</ulink></otheraddr>
  <otheraddr>  WWW:        <ulink URL="http://www.cdrom.com/">WC Home page</ulink></otheraddr>
</address>

<para>÷ á×ÓÔÒÁÌÉÉ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ Å£ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ:</para>
 
<address>
  <otheraddr>  Advanced Multimedia Distributors</otheraddr>
  <street>     Factory 1/1 Ovata Drive</street>
  <city>       Tullamarine, Melbourne</city>
  <state>      Victoria</state>
  <country>    Australia</country>
  <phone>      Voice: +61 3 9338 6777</phone>
 
  <otheraddr>  CDROM Support BBS</otheraddr>
  <street>     17 Irvine St</street>
  <city>       Peppermint Grove</city> <state>WA</state> <postcode>6011</postcode>
  <phone>      Voice: +61 9 385-3793</phone>
  <fax>        Fax:   +61 9 385-2360</fax>
</address>

<para>é × ÷ÅÌÉËÏÂÒÉÔÁÎÉÉ:</para>
 
<address>
  <otheraddr>  The Public Domain &amp; Shareware Library</otheraddr>
  <street>     Winscombe House, Beacon Rd</street>
  <city>       Crowborough</city>
  <state>      Sussex. TN6 1UL</state>
  <phone>      Voice: +44 1892 663-298</phone>
  <fax>        Fax:   +44 1892 667-473</fax>
</address>

</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question
id="mailing">
<para>        çÄÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÓÐÉÓËÁÍ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ FreeBSD?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>éÓÞÅÒÐÙ×ÁÀÝÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ × <ulink
     URL="../../handbook/eresources.html#ERESOURCES-MAIL">ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ</ulink>
     òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÓ×ÑÝÅÎ ÓÐÉÓËÁÍ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÅ 2000 ÇÏÄÁ ×Ï
     FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÌÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/y2kbug.html">çÏÔÏ×ÎÏÓÔÉ Ë 2000
     ÇÏÄÕ</ulink>.</para>

</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÔÅÌÅËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÉ ÐÏ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÌÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÇÒÕÐÐÁÈ ÎÏ×ÏÓÔÅÊ ÅÓÔØ × <ulink URL="../../handbook/eresources-news.html">ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ</ulink> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, ËÁÓÁÀÝÅÍÓÑ ÔÅÌÅËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÊ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>


<qandaentry><question>
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÌÉ ËÁÎÁÌÙ IRC (Internet Relay Chat) ÐÏ FreeBSD?
  </para></question><answer>

<para>äÁ, ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓÅÔÅÊ IRC ÉÍÅÀÔ ËÁÎÁÌ FreeBSD:</para>
 
<para>     
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>ëÁÎÁÌ <emphasis remap=tt>#FreeBSD</emphasis> × ÓÅÔÉ EFNet
        ÐÏÓ×ÑݣΠFreeBSD, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ ÔÕÄÁ ÚÁ ÔÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ É
        ÄÁÖÅ ÎÅ ÐÙÔÁÊÔÅÓØ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÞÅÌÏ×ÅËÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÏÂÏÊÔÉÓØ ÂÅÚ
        ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÒÁÎÉà óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÉÌÉ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÈ ÉÚÙÓËÁÎÉÊ.  üÔÏÔ ËÁÎÁÌ
        ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ × ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÕÀ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ, É × ËÒÕÇ
        ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÅÍÙÈ ÔÅÍ ×ÈÏÄÉÔ ÓÅËÓ, ÓÐÏÒÔ, ÑÄÅÒÎÏÅ ÏÒÕÖÉÅ, ËÁË ÂÕÄÔÏ ÜÔÏ É
        ÅÓÔØ FreeBSD.  ÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ, ×ÁÓ ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÄÉÌÉ!  ëÁÎÁÌ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ
        <hostid>irc.chat.org</hostid>.</para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para>ëÁÎÁÌ <emphasis remap=tt>#FreeBSD</emphasis> × ÓÅÔÉ DALNET ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ
        ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ <hostid>irc.dal.net</hostid> × óûá É ÎÁ
        <hostid>irc.eu.dal.net</hostid> × å×ÒÏÐÅ.</para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para>ëÁÎÁÌ <emphasis remap=tt>#FreeBSD</emphasis> × ÓÅÔÉ UNDERNET
        ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÈ <hostid>us.undernet.org</hostid> × óûá É
        <hostid>eu.undernet.org</hostid> × å×ÒÏÐÅ.  ôÁË ËÁË ÜÔÏ ËÁÎÁÌ
        ×ÚÁÉÍÏÐÏÍÏÝÉ, ÐÒÉÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅÓØ Ë ÞÔÅÎÉÀ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ×ÁÓ
        ÏÔÏÛÌÀÔ.</para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
</para>
 
<para>÷ÓÅ ÜÔÉ ËÁÎÁÌÙ ÒÁÚÎÙÅ É ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑ ÄÒÕÇ Ë ÄÒÕÇÕ. éÈ ÓÔÉÌÉ ÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ
  ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÀÔÓÑ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ, ÐÒÉÄ£ÔÓÑ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
  ÎÁÊÔÉ ÔÏÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ×ÁÛÅÍÕ ÓÔÉÌÀ.  ëÁË É ÏÂÙÞÎÏ Ó *ÌÀÂÙÍ*
  ËÁÎÁÌÏÍ IRC, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÌÅÇËÏ ÒÁÚÄÒÁÖÁÅÔÅÓØ ÉÌÉ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÅÌÁ Ó ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ
  ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÌÉà ÛËÏÌØÎÏÇÏ (É ÍÌÁÄÛÅÇÏ ÛËÏÌØÎÏÇÏ) ×ÏÚÒÁÓÔÁ, ÐÙÔÁÀÝÉÈÓÑ
  ÏÚ×ÕÞÉÔØ Ó×ÏÉ ÐÏÐÙÔËÉ ÓÁÍÏÕÔ×ÅÒÖÄÅÎÉÑ, ÎÅ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅ ÎÁ ÜÔÏ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÑ.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>


<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÎÉÇÉ ÐÏ FreeBSD</para></question><answer>

<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØÓÑ × FreeBSD Documentation Project (Á ÅÝ£ ÌÕÞÛÅ
     Ë ÎÅÍÕ ÐÒÉÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØÓÑ) ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ <emphasis remap=tt>doc</emphasis>:
     <ulink URL="mailto:freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org">&lt;freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org&gt;</ulink>.
     üÔÏÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ
     FreeBSD. äÌÑ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ× ÐÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ
     <emphasis remap=tt>questions</emphasis>:
     <ulink URL="mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org">&lt;freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org&gt;</ulink>.</para>
  
<para>``òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï'' ÐÏ FreeBSD ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÏ ÎÁ
     <ulink URL="../../handbook/index.html">×ÅÂ-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ</ulink>.
     úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÅËÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ,
     ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ.</para>
  
<para>ðÒÅËÒÁÓÎÙÍ ÐÅÞÁÔÎÙÍ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÐÏ FreeBSD Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÎÉÇÁ
     ``The Complete FreeBSD'', ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÁÑ çÒÅÇÏÍ ìÉÜÅÍ (Greg Lehay) É
     ÉÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ Walnut Creek CDROM Books. ÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ×ÙÛÌÏ ×ÔÏÒÏÅ
     ÉÚÄÁÎÉÅ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÅ 1,750 ÓÔÒÁÎÉà ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ× ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ É
     ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É ÐÒÉËÌÁÄÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ
     óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ. ëÎÉÇÁ (É ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ FreeBSD) ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁËÁÚÁÎÁ Õ
     <ulink URL="http://www.cdrom.com">Walnut Creek</ulink>,
     <ulink URL="http://www.cheapbytes.com">CheapBytes</ulink>, ÉÌÉ ×
     ×ÁÛÅÍ ÌÀÂÉÍÏÍ ËÎÉÖÎÏÍ ÍÁÇÁÚÉÎÅ. éÎÄÅËÓ ISBN 1-57176-227-2.</para>
  
<para>ôÁË ËÁË FreeBSD 2.2.X ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÁ ÎÁ ×ÙÐÕÓËÅ Berkeley 4.4BSD-Lite2,
     ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ× ÐÏ 4.4BSD ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ Ë FreeBSD 2.2.X.
     O'Reilly and Associates ÉÚÄÁÀÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á:</para>
  
<para>     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>4.4BSD System Manager's Manual <!-- <br> -->
       By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <!-- <br> -->
       1st Edition June 1994, 804 pages <!-- <br> -->
       <ulink URL="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1-56592-080-5">ISBN</ulink>: 1-56592-080-5 <!-- <br> -->

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>4.4BSD User's Reference Manual <!-- <br> -->
       By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <!-- <br> -->
       1st Edition June 1994, 905 pages <!-- <br> -->
       <ulink URL="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1-56592-075-9">ISBN</ulink>: 1-56592-075-9 <!-- <br> -->

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>4.4BSD User's Supplementary Documents <!-- <br> -->
       By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <!-- <br> -->
       1st Edition July 1994, 712 pages <!-- <br> -->
       <ulink URL="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1-56592-076-7">ISBN</ulink>: 1-56592-076-7 <!-- <br> -->

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>4.4BSD Programmer's Reference Manual <!-- <br> -->
       By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <!-- <br> -->
       1st Edition June 1994, 886 pages <!-- <br> -->
       <ulink URL="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1-56592-078-3">ISBN</ulink>: 1-56592-078-3 <!-- <br> -->

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>4.4BSD Programmer's Supplementary Documents <!-- <br> -->
       By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <!-- <br> -->
       1st Edition July 1994, 596 pages <!-- <br> -->
       <ulink URL="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1-56592-079-1">ISBN</ulink>: 1-56592-079-1 <!-- <br> -->
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
<para>ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÉÈ ËÎÉÇ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÏ ÞÅÒÅÚ WWW:</para>
  
<para>     <ulink URL="http://gnn.com/gnn/bus/ora/category/bsd.html">4.4BSD books description</ulink>.  éÚ-ÚÁ ÍÁÌÙÈ ÏÂߣÍÏ× ÐÒÏÄÁÖ,
     ÜÔÉ ËÎÉÇÉ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÔÒÕÄÎÅÅ.</para>
  
<para>÷Ù ÎÅ ÏÛÉ£ÔÅÓØ, ÅÓÌÉ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÇÏ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÌÅÎÉÑ Ó ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ
     ÑÄÒÁ 4.4BSD kernel ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÌÉÔÅÒÁÔÕÒÅ:</para>
 
<para>McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
     and John Quarterman.<!-- <br> --></para>
 
<para><emphasis>The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
     System</emphasis>.  Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1996.<!-- <br> -->
     <ulink URL="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0-201-54979-4">ISBN</ulink> 0-201-54979-4<!-- <br> --></para>
  
<para>èÏÒÏÛÅÊ ËÎÉÇÏÊ ÐÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍÕ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ:</para>
  
<para>Evi Nemeth, Garth Snyder, Scott Seebass &amp; Trent R. Hein,<!-- <br> -->
     ``Unix System Administration Handbook'', Prentice-Hall, 1995<!-- <br> -->
     <ulink URL="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0-13-151051-7">ISBN</ulink>: 0-13-151051-7<!-- <br> --></para>
  
<para><emphasis remap=bf>úáíåþáîéå</emphasis> õÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌÉ ×ÔÏÒÏÅ ÉÚÄÁÎÉÅ,
     Ó ËÒÁÓÎÏÊ ÏÂÌÏÖËÏÊ, Á ÎÅ ÐÅÒ×ÏÅ.</para>
 
<para>üÔÁ ËÎÉÇÁ ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ× ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, × ÔÏÍ ÞÉÓÌÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ×
     TCP/IP, DNS, NFS, SLIP/PPP, sendmail, INN/NNTP, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÅÞÁÔÉ ÉÔÄ..
     ïÎÁ ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÄÏÒÏÇÁÑ (ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ US&#36;45-&#36;55), ÎÏ
     ÓÔÏÉÔ ÔÏÇÏ.  ë ÎÅÊ ÐÒÉÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓË Ó ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍÉ
     ÔÅËÓÔÁÍÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ; ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÉÈ ÎÉÈ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÔÁËÖÅ 
     ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ FreeBSD 2.2.6R (ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ Ë ÔÏÍÕ ÖÅ
     ÞÁÓÔÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ Ó×ÅÖÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ).</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ×ÁÛÅÊ ÂÁÚÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÈ (Problem Report)?</para></question><answer>

<para>óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÈ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ
     ÚÁÐÒÏÛÅÎÙ (ÉÌÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ) Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÎÁÛÅÇÏ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/send-pr.html">×ÅÂ-ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ</ulink>
     É <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi">ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ</ulink>.  ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>send-pr(1)</command>
     ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÅ
     É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÕÀ ÐÏÞÔÕ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ FAQ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ ASCII/PostScript?</para></question><answer>

<para>áËÔÕÁÌØÎÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ FAQ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ PostScript É ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ (7
     ÂÉÔ ASCII É 8 ÂÉÔ Latin1) ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ Ó ×ÅÂ-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ FreeBSD ÉÌÉ Ó ÌÀÂÏÇÏ
     ÅÇÏ ÚÅÒËÁÌÁ.</para>
  
<para>ëÁË PostScript (ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ 370ëÂ):
     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/FAQ/FAQ.ps">http://www.FreeBSD.org/FAQ/FAQ.ps</ulink>
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
<para>ëÁË ÔÅËÓÔ ASCII (ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ 220ëÂ):
     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/FAQ/FAQ.ascii">http://www.FreeBSD.org/FAQ/FAQ.ascii</ulink>
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
<para>ëÁË ÔÅËÓÔ ISO 8859-1 (ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ 220ëÂ):
     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/FAQ/FAQ.latin1">http://www.FreeBSD.org/FAQ/FAQ.latin1</ulink>
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ ASCII/PostScript?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>áËÔÕÁÌØÎÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ PostScript É ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ
     ÔÅËÓÔÁ (7 ÂÉÔ ASCII É 8 ÂÉÔ Latin1) ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ Ó ×ÅÂ-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ FreeBSD
     ÉÌÉ Ó ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÅÇÏ ÚÅÒËÁÌÁ.</para>
 
<para>ëÁË PostScript (ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ 1.7íÂ):
     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/handbook.ps">http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/handbook.ps</ulink>
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
<para>ëÁË ÔÅËÓÔ ASCII (ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ 1080ëÂ):
     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/handbook.ascii">http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/handbook.ascii</ulink>
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
 
<para>ëÁË ÔÅËÓÔ ISO 8859-1 (ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ 1080ëÂ):
     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/handbook.latin1">http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/handbook.latin1</ulink>
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>

</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ ASCII - ÎÅ ÞÉÓÔÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ!</para></question><answer>

<para>äÅÊÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏ, FAQ É òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ ASCII É Latin1 ÎÅ
     Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÞÉÓÔÏ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÍÉ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÍÉ; ÏÎÉ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ 
     ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÎÁ ÐÅÞÁÔØ. åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÉ
     ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÙ Ë ×ÉÄÕ, ÐÒÉÇÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ, ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ
     col:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>          $ col -b &lt; inputfile &gt; outputfile
      </literallayout>
</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÚÅÒËÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÅÂ-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>îÅÓÏÍÎÅÎÎÏ! åÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ.</para>
  
<para>     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>ó ÐÏÍÏÛØÀ CVSUP: ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓËÁÞÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
     CVSUP Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ cvsup.FreeBSD.org.  äÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ×
     ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ cvsup:

     <literallayout>
       www release=current hostname=/home base=/usr/local/etc/cvsup 
       prefix=/usr/local/www/data/www.FreeBSD.org delete old use-rel-suffix
     </literallayout>

   </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ rsync:  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝÅÎÎÏÊ 
        <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/internal/mirror.html">ÚÅÒËÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ</ulink>.

        </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÚÅÒËÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ftp:  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ ËÏÐÉÀ
        ×ÅÂ-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÕÀÓÑ ÎÁ ftp, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ×ÁÛÅ ÌÀÂÉÍÏÅ ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×Ï
        ÚÅÒËÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ftp. ðÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÞÎÉÔÅ Ó ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ
        ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-CURRENT/www.
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ñ ÍÏÇÕ ÐÅÒÅ×ÅÓÔÉ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÎÁ ÑÚÙË ÐÌÅÍÅÎÉ ÍÕÍÂÏ-ÀÍÂÏ.
      </para></question><answer>

<para>èÏÒÏÛÏ. èÏÔÑ ÍÙ ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÍ ÚÁÐÌÁÔÉÔØ, × ÎÁÛÉÈ ÓÉÌÁÈ ÐÏÄÁÒÉÔØ ×ÁÍ
     ÂÅÓÐÌÁÔÎÙÊ CD ÉÌÉ ÆÕÔÂÏÌËÕ É ×ÎÅÓÔÉ ×ÁÓ × ÓÐÉÓÏË ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔÅÌÅÊ
     òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔÅ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>äÒÕÇÉÅ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÉ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</para></question><answer>

<para>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÔÅÌÅËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÉ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ 
     ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÁ Å£ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ:</para>
  
<para>     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce">comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce</ulink> (ÍÏÄÅÒÉÒÕÅÍÁÑ)

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc">comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc</ulink>

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="news:comp.unix.bsd.misc">comp.unix.bsd.misc</ulink>
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
 
<para>òÅÓÕÒÓÙ Internet:</para>
 
<para>     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para> <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/">÷ÅÂ-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ FreeBSD</ulink>.

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para><anchor id="pao">åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÌÁÐÔÏÐ, ×ÚÇÌÑÎÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ
       <ulink URL="http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/PAO/">Tatsumi Hosokawa's Mobile Computing</ulink> × ñÐÏÎÉÉ.

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para><anchor id="smp">éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï SMP (Symmetric
       MultiProcessing) ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/~fsmp/SMP/SMP.html">ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ SMP</ulink>.

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para><anchor id="multimedia">éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÍÕÌØÔÉÍÅÄÉÊÎÙÈ
       ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÈ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/~faulkner/multimedia/mm.html">ÍÕÌØÔÉÍÅÄÉÊÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ</ulink>. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÕÅÔÅÓØ
       ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÍÉ ÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ ÉÚÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ
       <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/~ahasty/Bt848.html">Bt848</ulink>, ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ ÐÏ ÓÓÙÌËÅ.
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
<para>÷ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å ÐÏ FreeBSD ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ
     <ulink URL="../../handbook/bibliography.html">ÂÉÂÌÉÏÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ</ulink>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÔÏÉÔ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ, ÅÓÌÉ
     ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÏÄÙÓËÁÔØ ËÎÉÇÕ ÐÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry></qandaset>
</preface>


<chapter
id="install">
<title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ</title>


<qandaset><qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁËÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÅÎ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁÊÌ
     <filename>floppies/boot.flp</filename>, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÊ ÏÂÒÁÚ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÁÍ
     ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓÔÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ 1.44íÂ É ÚÁÔÅÍ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÎÅ£
     ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÏÅ (× ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ
     ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ TCP/IP, ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ ÌÅÎÔ,
     ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÏ× CDROM, ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× DOS É ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
     ÄÌÑ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏÊ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÉ).</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ
     ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS), ×ÏÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÞÁÓÔÅÊ 
     ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á:</para>
  
<para>     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para> bin/<!-- <br> -->
     </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para> manpages/<!-- <br> -->
     </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para> compat*/<!-- <br> -->
     </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para> doc/ <!-- <br> -->
     </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para> src/ssys.* <!-- <br> -->
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
<para>ðÏÌÎÙÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÅ É Ï ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ
     ÎÁÊÔÉ × <ulink URL="../../handbook/install.html">ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ</ulink>
     òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÏÍ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÉ FreeBSD.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ! úÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÅ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ!
      </para></question><answer>

<para>îÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ 3.5 ÄÀÊÍÁ (1.44íÂ) ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ
     1474560 ÂÁÊÔ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. ïÂÒÁÚ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÒÏ×ÎÏ 1474560 ÂÁÊÔ.</para>
  
<para>ôÉÐÉÞÎÙÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ:
     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>ïÂÒÁÚ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÂÙÌ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎ ÐÏ FTP ÎÅ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ <emphasis remap=tt>binary</emphasis>.

</para>

<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ FTP ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
       ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ (<emphasis remap=tt>ascii</emphasis>) ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ É ÐÙÔÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÍÅÎÑÔØ 
       ×ÓÅ ÐÒÉÎÑÔÙÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× "ËÏÎÅà ÓÔÒÏËÉ" ÎÁ 
       ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÉÍ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. ÷ ÔÁËÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÏÂÒÁÚ
       ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÅÉÚÂÅÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÒÞÅÎ. ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ
       ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ: ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÎÅ <emphasis>ÔÏÞÎÏ</emphasis> ÔÁËÏÊ ÖÅ,
       ËÁË ÎÁ FTP-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ, ÔÏ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÐÒÏÉÚÏÛÌÁ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ
       ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ.</para>

<para>÷Ï ÉÚÂÅÖÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ××ÅÄÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <emphasis remap=tt>binary</emphasis> × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ
       ÓÔÒÏËÅ FTP ÐÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ×Ù ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ, ÎÏ ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ,
       ËÁË ÎÁÞÁÌÉ ÓËÁÞÉ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ.</para>

</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>äÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÁ ÏÂÒÁÚÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ÂÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ DOS
       <emphasis remap=tt>copy</emphasis> (ÉÌÉ Å£ ÁÎÁÌÏÇ Ó ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÉÍ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏÍ).
</para>

<para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÔÉÐÁ <emphasis remap=tt>copy</emphasis> ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó ÏÂÒÁÚÁÍÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔ,
       ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ. ïÂÒÁÚ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÐÏÌÎÏÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ
       ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÄÏÒÏÖËÁ ÚÁ ÄÏÒÏÖËÏÊ, É ÎÅ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ
       ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ. ÷ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓÔÉ ÅÇÏ
       ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ``ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ'', ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÎÉÚËÏÕÒÏ×ÎÅ×ÙÅ ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×Á
       (ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË <emphasis remap=tt>fdimage</emphasis> ÉÌÉ <emphasis remap=tt>rawrite</emphasis>), ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ × 
       <ulink URL="../../handbook/install.html">ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å</ulink>.</para>

</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>çÄÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÉ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>éÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ×
     <ulink URL="../../handbook/install.html">ÇÌÁ×Å</ulink>
     òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>þÔÏ ÍÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ÁÍ ÎÕÖÅÎ ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌØÎÙÊ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÎÅ ÎÉÖÅ 386, Ó 5 ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌÅÅ
     ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÁÍÉ ïúõ É ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ 60í Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÎÁ
     ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÅ. óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÄÅÛ£×ÙÍ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÉÍ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏÍ MDA,
     ÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ X11R6, ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÅÄÅÏËÁÒÔÁ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÁ VGA
     ÉÌÉ ÌÕÞÛÅ.</para>
  
<para>ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
     <xref linkend="hardware" remap="áÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÁÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ">.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        õ ÍÅÎÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ 4í ïúõ. óÍÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ FreeBSD?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>FreeBSD 2.1.7 ÂÙÌÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÙÌÏ
     ÐÒÏÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ Ó 4í ïúõ. âÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ FreeBSD,
     ÔÉÐÁ 2.2, ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ 5í ïúõ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</para>
  
<para>÷ÓÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ FreeBSD, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ 3.0, ÂÕÄÕÔ òáâïôáôø ÎÁ 4í ïúõ,
     ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁ 4í ÎÅÌØÚÑ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ. ÷Ù
     ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÐÁÍÑÔØ ÄÌÑ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÉ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ
     ÜÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ, Á ÐÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ É ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ,
     ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ Ë ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ Ó 4íÂ. éÌÉ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØ ×ÁÛ ÄÉÓË
     Ë ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ Ó ïúõ, ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÞÅÍ 4íÂ, ÐÒÏÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ É
     ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓË ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ.</para>
 
<para>åÓÔØ ÅÝ£ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÉÞÉÎ, ÐÏ ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ FreeBSD 2.1.7 ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ
     ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ó 4íÂ. á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ: ÏÎÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ
     ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ Ó 640ë ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ É 3í ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ. åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ
     ÍÁÔÅÒÉÎÓËÁÑ ÐÌÁÔÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ``ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎÎÕÀ''
     ÐÁÍÑÔØ ÉÚ ÏÂÌÁÓÔÉ 640ëÂ × ÏÂÌÁÓÔØ 1íÂ, ÔÏÇÄÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ, ×Ù
     ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ FreeBSD 2.1.7.</para>
 
<para>ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ BIOS É ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ
     ``ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ'' (remap). ÷ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÅÇÏ. íÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ, ÅÝÅ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ 
     ×ÙËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÔÅÎÅ×ÏÅ ðúõ (ROM shadowing).</para>
 
<para>íÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ, ÓÁÍÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ - ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÝÅ 4í ÎÁ ×ÒÅÍÑ
     ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÉ. ïÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó ÔÅÍÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
     ÎÕÖÎÙ É ÚÁÔÅÍ ÕÂÅÒÉÔÅ 4íÂ.</para>
 
<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ 2.0.5, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ
     ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ ×ÁÛÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÏ 2.1.7 Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÕÎËÔÁ ``upgrade''
     ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÉ 2.1.7.</para>
 
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÑÄÒÏ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
     ÎÁ 4íÂ. ëÔÏ-ÔÏ ÄÁÖÅ ÕÍÕÄÒÑÌÓÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØÓÑ Ó 2í (ÈÏÔÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ
     × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÂÙÌÁ ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÁ :-))</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁË ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÕÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅÔ *ÐÒÏÓÔÏÇÏ* ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÕÀ
     ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ. æÁÊÌ
     <filename>/usr/src/release/floppies/Makefile</filename> ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÄÌÑ
     ÜÔÏÇÏ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ</para>
  
<para>     that's supposed to let you *just* make those floppies, but it's not
     really gelled yet.</para>
 
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÙÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ, ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑÍ <link
     linkend="custrel">ÚÄÅÓØ</link>.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÉÍÅÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ÏÄÎÕ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÁ ÍÏ£Í PC?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>÷ÚÇÌÑÎÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÜÔÏ <ulink URL="../../tutorials/multi-os/">ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï</ulink>.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>íÏÖÅÔ ÌÉ Windows 95 ÓÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ Ó FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÒÏÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ Windows 95, ÚÁÔÅÍ FreeBSD.  íÅÎÅÄÖÅÒ
     ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ FreeBSD ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ Win95 ÉÌÉ 
     FreeBSD, åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÅÝ£ ÒÁÚ ÐÒÏÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÕÅÔÅ Windows 95,
     ÔÏ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÇÒÕÂÏ ÕÄÁÌ£Î.
     åÓÌÉ ÔÁËÏÅ ÓÌÕÞÉÔÓÑ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        Windows 95 ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÉÌÁ ÍÏÊ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ! ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÅÇÏ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ FreeBSD Ä×ÕÍÑ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁÍÉ:</para>
  
<para>     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>úÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ DOS, ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ tools/ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á
       FreeBSD É ÎÁÊÄÉÔÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ <filename>bootinst.exe</filename>.  úÁÐÕÓÔÉÔŠţ
       ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:

       </para>

<para><emphasis remap=bf>bootinst.exe boot.bin</emphasis></para>

<para>É ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ.</para>

</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>úÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅÓØ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ FreeBSD É ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ × ÍÅÎÀ
       ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Custom install.  ÷ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÐÕÎËÔ Partition.  ÷ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ
       ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ
       (ÜÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË) É ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÐÅÒÅÊÄÅÔÅ Ë ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ
       ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×, ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ (ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ÅÝ£ ÎÅ ÄÅÌÁÑ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ)
       ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ (W)rite.  ðÏÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ÎÁ ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄÅÎÉÅ, ÏÔ×ÅÔØÔÅ yes,
       É ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÐÏÐÁÄ£ÔÅ × ÍÅÎÀ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ 
       ÐÕÎËÔ "Boot Manager".  íÅÎÅÄÖÅÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÐÉÓÁÎ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË.
       ôÅÐÅÒØ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÙÊÔÉ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÁ
       ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ.
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÉÓË Ó ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄ£ÎÎÙÍÉ ÂÌÏËÁÍÉ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄ£ÎÎÙÈ ÂÌÏËÏ×
     (<ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?bad144">bad144</ulink>)
     ÐÏÍÏÇÁÅÔ ÎÅ ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ 100% ÓÌÕÞÁÅ×; (Ë ÎÁÛÅÍÕ ÓÔÙÄÕ)
     ÍÏÖÎÏ, Ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÓËÁÚÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÄÉÓË IDE ÉÌÉ ESDI Ó
     ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄ£ÎÎÙÈ ÂÌÏËÏ×, ÔÏ FreeBSD, ÐÏÈÏÖÅ, ÎÅ ÄÌÑ
     ×ÁÓ. ïÄÎÁËÏ ÏÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÔÙÓÑÞÁÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ Ó ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄ£ÎÎÙÍÉ ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ,
     ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×Ó£ ÖÅ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÁÍÉÍ.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄ£ÎÎÙÅ ÂÌÏËÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ SCSI ÄÉÓËÅ, ×ÚÇÌÑÎÉÔÅ ÎÁ
     <link linkend="awre">ÔÁËÏÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ</link>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        óÔÒÁÎÎÙÅ ×ÅÝÉ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÑÔ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ Ó ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ!
      </para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ÉÄÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ËÁË ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÚÁ×ÉÓÁÅÔ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÎÏ 
     ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÐÙÔÁÅÔÅÓØ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÏÊ
     ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÅÂÅ ÔÒÉ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÁ:-</para>
  
<para>     
<orderedlist>

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<para>÷Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÎÏ×ÕÀ, ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÏ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ
       (ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÔÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÎÅÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÎÕÀ ÐÒÑÍÏ ÉÚ ËÏÒÏÂËÉ, Á ÎÅ ÔÕ, ÞÔÏ
       ÐÒÉÛÌÁ Ó ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÙÍ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÏÍ É ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ ÔÒÉ ÇÏÄÁ ÐÒÏ×ÁÌÑÌÁÓØ ÐÏÄ
       ÄÉ×ÁÎÏÍ)?

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>÷Ù ÓËÁÞÁÌÉ ÏÂÒÁÚ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ × Ä×ÏÉÞÎÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ?
       (ÎÅ ÓÍÕÝÁÊÔÅÓØ, ÄÁÖÅ ÌÕÞÛÉÅ ÉÚ ÎÁÓ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÓËÁÞÉ×ÁÀÔ
       Ä×ÏÉÞÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ASCII!)

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ×ÓÅ ÜÔÉ Ó×ÅÖÅÉÓÐÅÞÅÎÎÙÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ
       ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÔÉÐÁ Windows95 ÉÌÉ WindowsNT, ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÉÈ
       ÚÁËÒÙÌÉ É ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÁÌÉ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ × ÄÏÂÒÏÍ ÓÔÁÒÏÍ DOS? ðÏÈÏÖÅ,
       ÞÔÏ ÜÔÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÌÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ
       ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ, ÞÔÏ É ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ
       ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ; ÄÁÖÅ ÚÁÐÕÓË ÉÚ DOS × ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
       ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.
     </para>
</listitem>

</orderedlist>
</para>
  
<para>åÓÔØ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ, ÞÔÏ Netscape ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ ÓËÁÞÉ×ÁÎÉÉ
     ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÕÀ
     ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ FTP, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÁ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ! îÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÌÅÎÔÙ!</para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÕÅÔÅ 2.1.7R Ó ÌÅÎÔÙ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ
     ÌÅÎÔÕ Ó ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ ÂÌÏËÁ tar, ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ 10 (5120 ÂÁÊÔ). òÁÚÍÅÒ
     ÂÌÏËÁ tar ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÒÁ×ÅÎ 20 (10240 ÂÁÊÔ), ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÌÅÎÔÙ,
     ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ ÂÌÏËÁ, ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ
     ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ 2.1.7R; ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ, ÇÏ×ÏÒÑÝÅÅ,
     ÞÔÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ä×ÕÈ ÍÁÛÉÎ Ó FreeBSD ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ (PLIP)
      </para></question><answer>

<para>äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÎÕÖÅÎ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÛÎÕÒ ÔÉÐÁ laplink É ÎÁ ÏÂÅÉÈ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ
     ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ lpt.</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>      $ dmesg | grep lp
      lpt0 at 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa
      lpt0: Interrupt-driven port
      lp0: TCP/IP capable interface
      </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>ðÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ËÁÂÅÌØ laplink Ë ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÒÔÁÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×.</para>
 
<para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ lp0 ÎÁ ÏÂÅÉÈ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ, ×ÏÊÄÑ
     ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÈÏÓÔÙ Ó ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ
     max É moritz</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>                 max &lt;-----&gt; moritz
IP Address    10.0.0.1      10.0.0.2
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>    ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ max ÄÁÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
    
<literallayout>	# ifconfig lp0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2
     </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>    ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ moritz ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ</para>
  
<para>    
<literallayout>	# ifconfig lp0 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1
     </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>üÔÏ ×Ó£!  ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÅÝ£ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ 
    <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?lp">lp(4)</ulink> É
    <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?lpt">lpt(4)</ulink>.</para>
 
<para>÷Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÈÏÓÔÙ × ÆÁÊÌ /etc/hosts</para>
  
<para>    
<literallayout>     127.0.0.1               localhost.my.domain localhost 
     10.0.0.1                max.my.domain max
     10.0.0.2                moritz.my.domain moritz
     </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>äÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ Ó×ÑÚÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ:</para>
  
<para>    ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ max:</para>
  
<para>
<literallayout>$ ifconfig lp0
lp0: flags=8851&lt;UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.1 --&gt; 10.0.0.2 netmask 0xff000000 </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>
<literallayout>$ netstat -r
Routing tables

Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags     Refs     Use     Netif Expire
moritz              max              UH          4   127592       lp0</literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>
<literallayout>$ ping -c 4 moritz
PING moritz (10.0.0.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=2.774 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.530 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=2.556 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=2.714 ms

--- moritz ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.530/2.643/2.774/0.103 ms</literallayout>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>         íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ Ñ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÁ ÌÜÐÔÏÐ ÞÅÒÅÚ PLIP (Parallel Line IP)?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØ Ä×Á ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÍ ËÁÂÅÌÅÍ
     Laplink ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>            +----------------------------------------+
            |A-name A-End   B-End   Descr.  Port/Bit |
            +----------------------------------------+
            |DATA0  2       15      Data    0/0x01   |
            |-ERROR 15      2               1/0x08   |
            +----------------------------------------+
            |DATA1  3       13      Data    0/0x02   |
            |+SLCT  13      3               1/0x10   |
            +----------------------------------------+
            |DATA2  4       12      Data    0/0x04   |
            |+PE    12      4               1/0x20   |
            +----------------------------------------+
            |DATA3  5       10      Strobe  0/0x08   |
            |-ACK   10      5               1/0x40   |
            +----------------------------------------+
            |DATA4  6       11      Data    0/0x10   |
            |BUSY   11      6               1/0x80   |
            +----------------------------------------+
            |GND    18-25   18-25   GND -            |
            +----------------------------------------+
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ <link linkend="pao">ÜÔÏ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ</link> ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ,
     ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÏÊ ÍÏÂÉÌØÎÙÍ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÑÍ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question
id="geometry">
<para>        ëÁËÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÄÉÓËÁ Ñ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>(ðÏÄ "ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ" ÄÉÓËÁ ÍÙ ÐÏÎÉÍÁÅÍ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÄÏÒÏÖÅË, ÇÏÌÏ×ÏË É
     ÓÅËÔÏÒÏ× ÎÁ ÄÏÒÏÖËÕ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÔÙ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË
     C/H/S. éÍÅÎÎÏ ÔÁË ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ BIOS ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌØÎÙÈ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ× ÐÒÉ ÞÔÅÎÉÉ
     ÉÌÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÄÉÓËÁ).</para>
  
<para>ðÏÈÏÖÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏ ËÁËÉÍ-ÔÏ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ ÜÔÏ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÎÅÄÏÒÁÚÕÍÅÎÉÊ.
     ðÒÅÖÄÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, <emphasis remap=tt>ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉÅ</emphasis> ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÄÉÓËÁ SCSI ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÎÉËÁËÏÇÏ
     ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ, ÔÁË ËÁË FreeBSD ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ × ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÂÌÏËÏ×.
     æÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÅÔ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ, ËÁË "ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ",
     ÔÁË ËÁË ÐÌÏÔÎÏÓÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÓÅËÔÏÒÏ× ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÁ ÐÏ ×ÓÅÍÕ ÄÉÓËÕ; ÔÏ,
     ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÉ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ "ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÍÉ" ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉÍÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
     ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÅ
     ×ÙÙÚ×ÁÂÔ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎ\ÓÔ×Ï. äÌÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× IDE, 
     FreeBSD ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ × ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÈ C/H/S, ÎÏ ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÁÈ ÏÎÉ
     ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×Ù×ÁÀÔÓÑ ×Ï ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÅÅ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ.</para>
  
<para>éÍÅÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ <emphasis remap=tt>ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÉÅ</emphasis> ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ - ÜÔÏ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ 
     ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ BIOS, ËÏÇÄÁ ÓÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ "ËÁËÉÅ Õ ÔÅÂÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ?", Á ÚÁÔÅÍ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ Ë ÄÉÓËÕ.  ôÁË ËÁË FreeBSD ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ BIOS
     ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ, ÏÞÅÎØ ×ÁÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ×ÅÒÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ.  ÷ ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ,
     ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÏÎÉ ÏÂÅ
     ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÍÅÔØ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×ÏÅ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ Ï ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÈ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÉÎÁÞÅ
     ÓÅÒØ£ÚÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÎÅÉÚÂÅÖÎÙ!</para>
  
<para>÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÄÉÓËÏ× SCSI, ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ,
     ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÌÉ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÏÊ ÔÒÁÎÓÌÑÃÉÉ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÅ
     (ÞÔÏ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË "support for DOS disks &gt;1GB" ÉÌÉ
     ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÐÏÈÏÖÅÅ).  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÁ, ÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
     N ÄÏÒÏÖÅË, 64 ÇÏÌÏ×ËÉ É 32 ÓÅËÔÏÒÁ ÎÁ ÄÏÒÏÖËÕ, ÇÄÅ N - ÜÔÏ £ÍËÏÓÔØ
     ÄÉÓËÁ × ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÁÈ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, 2çÂÁÊÔÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ 2048 
     ÄÏÒÏÖÅË, 64 ÇÏÌÏ×ËÉ É 32 ÓÅËÔÏÒÁ Á ÄÏÒÏËÕ.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ÔÒÁÎÓÌÑÃÉÑ <emphasis remap=tt>×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ</emphasis> (ÞÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
     ÐÒÅÏÄÏÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ MSDOS) É £ÍËÏÓÔØ ÄÉÓËÁ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÅÔ
     1çâ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ M ÄÏÒÏÖÅË, 63 ÓÅËÔÏÒÁ ÎÁ ÄÏÒÏÖËÕ (*ÎÅ* 64) É 255
     ÇÏÌÏ×ÏË, ÇÄÅ 'M' - ÜÔÏ ÏÂß£Í ÄÉÓËÁ × ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÁÈ, ÐÏÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ
     7.844238 (!).  ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÎÁÛ ÄÉÓË ÏÂߣÍÏÍ 2çâ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ 
     261 ÄÏÒÏÖËÕ, 63 ÓÅËÔÏÒÁ ÎÁ ÄÏÒÏÖËÕ É 255 ÇÏÌÏ×ÏË.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ, ÉÌÉ FreeBSD ÏÛÉÂÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÉ
     ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÄÉÓËÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÓÁÍÙÊ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÜÔÕ 
     ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ - ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ DOS.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ
     ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÄÉÓËÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØÓÑ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ (É ×Ù ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
     ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ DOS × ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÅÇÏ
     ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ, ÉÌÉ ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× É ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ
     ×ÅÝÅÊ).</para>
  
<para>ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ, ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÅÍÁÑ
     ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ``<filename>pfdisk.exe</filename>'' 
     (ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <emphasis remap=tt>tools</emphasis> ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ Ó FreeBSD ÉÌÉ
     ÎÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ftp-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÈ), ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ
     ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ,
     ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ ÄÉÓËÅ.  úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÉ 
     ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ × ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>åÓÔØ ÌÉ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÂÉÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÁ?</para></question><answer>

<para>äÁ. ÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÏ
     1024 ÄÏÒÏÖËÉ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏÂÙ BIOS ÍÏÇÌÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ Ó ÎÅÇÏ ÑÄÒÏ. (úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ,
     ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ BIOS ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ, Á ÎÅ FreeBSD).</para>
  
<para>äÌÑ ÄÉÓËÁ SCSI, ÜÔÏ, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ
     ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ × ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ 1024í (ÉÌÉ × ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ 4096íÂ,
     ÅÓÌÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÏÊ ÔÒÁÎÓÌÑÃÉÉ - ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÊ
     ×ÏÐÒÏÓ).  äÌÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× IDE ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÒÁ×ÎÏ 504íÂ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁË ÎÁÓÞÅÔ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÏ× ÄÉÓËÁ? õ ÍÅÎÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÄÉÓË!
      </para></question><answer>

<para>FreeBSD ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ£Ô Ontrack Disk Manager É ÄÏÐÕÓËÁÅÔ ÅÇÏ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ. äÒÕÇÉÅ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÙ ÄÉÓËÏ× ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÉÓË Ó FreeBSD, ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÅÎ
     ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒ ÄÉÓËÁ. ïÔËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÄÉÓË ÎÁ ÓÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á,
     ÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ BIOS (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ 504 ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÁ). É
     FreeBSD ÒÁÚÐÏÚÎÁÅÔ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ.
     åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÊ ÄÉÓË Ó ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÏÍ MFM, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ
     ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ FreeBSD ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ
     ÄÏÒÏÖÅË.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ FreeBSD ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ
     ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ É ÂÅÚ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÁ ÄÉÓËÁ:
     ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ FreeBSD É ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÄÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ
     ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÅ ×ÙÈÏÄÑÔ ÚÁ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÙ 1024 ÄÏÒÏÖËÉ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù
     ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÏÓÔÏÒÏÖÎÙ, 20 ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ
     ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question
id="missing-os">
<para>ðÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ FreeBSD ×ÙÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ``Missing Operating System'' 
     </para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÏ ËÌÁÓÓÉÞÅÓËÉÊ  ÓÌÕÞÁÊ, ËÏÇÄÁ FreeBSD É DOS ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÁÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÕÀÔ ÐÏ ÐÏ×ÏÄÕ <link linkend="geometry">ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×</link>
     ÄÉÓËÁ.  ÷ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ FreeBSD, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÊÔÅ × ×ÉÄÕ, ÞÔÏ
     ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ, ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ×ÙÛÅ, ÐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÏÓÌÅ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ `F?' ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ.
      </para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÏ ÅÝ£ ÏÄÉÎ ÐÒÉÚÎÁË ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÏÊ × ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ.
     ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÄÉÓËÁ × BIOS É ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD, ÎÅ 
     ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÀÔ. åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ ÉÌÉ BIOS ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÔÒÁÎÓÌÑÃÉÀ
     ÄÏÒÏÖÅË (ÞÁÓÔÏ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÍÕÀ ËÁË ``&gt;1GB drive support''),
     ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ É ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ FreeBSD.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question
id="bigram">
<para>        õ ÍÅÎÑ &gt;16í ïúõ. üÔÏ ÎÅ ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ëÒÏÍÅ ÒÁÚ×Å ÞÔÏ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÁ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅÔ. ÷Ï FreeBSD 2.X 
     ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØ ÇÒÁÎÉà ÂÕÆÅÒÏ× (bounce buffers), ÞÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÛÉÍ
     ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÁÍ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÍ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÐÒÑÍÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÛÉÎÅ, ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ
     Ë ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ×ÙÛÅ 16íÂ. (úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÅÓÌÉ
     ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ISA, ÈÏÔÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ 
     ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á EISA É VLB).</para>
  
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ Ï <link linkend="reallybigram">ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ
     Ó &gt;64MÂ</link>, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÓÔÏÌØËÏ ïúõ ÉÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ
     ÍÁÛÉÎÙ Compaq ÉÌÉ BIOS, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÙÄÁ£Ô ÎÅ×ÅÒÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ïúõ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        îÕÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÎÅÔ. ïÄÎÁËÏ ÍÙ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ
     ÐÒÏÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ, ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ
     ``<emphasis remap=tt>base</emphasis>'', ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÝÉÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÚÄÅÓØ ÕÐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍÙÅ,
     É ``<emphasis remap=tt>sys</emphasis>'', × ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ÑÄÒÁ.
     äÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ,
     ÒÁÚ×Å ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÑÄÒÁ 
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?config">config</ulink>.
     úÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÑÄÒÁ, ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ
     ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ Å£ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ
     "ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ" ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS É ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ. (éÚ-ÚÁ
     ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ÑÄÒÁ ÍÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ
     ÎÅ ÐÒÑÍÏ × <filename>/usr/src</filename>, Á × ËÁËÏÊ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ Ó
     ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÉÍÉ ÓÓÙÌËÁÍÉ ÄÌÑ ÄÕÂÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×.</para>
  
<para>îÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÏÂÌÅÇÞÁÅÔ
     ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ FreeBSD.</para>
  
<para>äÌÑ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÐÏÄÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×Ù
     ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÐÕÎËÔ ÍÅÎÀ Custom, ËÏÇÄÁ
     ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÅÓØ × ÍÅÎÀ Distributions ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  óËÒÉÐÔ
     <filename>src/install.sh</filename> ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÕÅÔ ÞÁÓÔØ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
     ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>îÕÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÑÄÒÏ?</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÂÙÌÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÍ ÛÁÇÏÍ ÐÒÉ
     ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ ÒÅÌÉÚÙ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÂÏÌÅÅ
     ÄÒÕÖÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ. ÷ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ
     ÎÁ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ FreeBSD (boot:) ××ÅÄÉÔÅ "-c" É ×Ù 
     ÐÏÐÁÄ£ÔÅ × ÜËÒÁÎ ×ÉÚÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ 
     ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ISA.</para>
  
<para>ïÄÎÁËÏ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÔÏÍ ×Ù ×Ó£ ÖÅ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ,
     ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÅ ÄÒÁ×ÅÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÙ, ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ,
     ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÜËÏÎÏÍÉÔØ ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ïúõ, ÈÏÔÑ ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÓÔ×Á ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÜÔÏ 
     ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØÀ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        îÁÈÏÄÑÓØ ÚÁ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÁÍÉ óûá, ÍÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
        ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ DES?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ÎÅÔ ÁÂÓÏÌÀÔÎÏÊ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ × ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ËÒÉÐÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÊ
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÔÉÐÁ DES, ÔÏ ÄÌÑ <emphasis remap=bf>ÂÏÌØÛÅÊ</emphasis> ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÕÀ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ËÒÉÐÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÉ ÂÅÚ
     ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÎÙÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÓËÒÁÍÂÌÅÒ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ
     FreeBSD 2.0 × ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ <emphasis remap=bf>MD5</emphasis>, É ÂÏÌÅÅ ÕÓÔÏÊÞÉ×
     Ë ÐÏÄÂÏÒÕ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ, ÞÅÍ DES, Ë ÔÏÍÕ ÖÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÌÉÎÎÙÅ
     ÐÁÒÏÌÉ.  åÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÊ
     ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <emphasis remap=bf>MD5</emphasis> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ É ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ FreeBSD É
     ÎÅ-FreeBSD.</para>
  
<para>ôÁË ËÁË ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ DES ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁËÏÎÎÏ
     ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÉÚ óûá, ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÚÁ ÉÈ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÁÍÉ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
     ÓÇÒÕÖÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÉÉÅ (ËÁË ÞÁÓÔØ <emphasis remap=tt>secrdist</emphasis>)
     Ó ÁÍÅÒÉËÁÎÓËÉÈ ftp-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×.</para>
  
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁ, ÚÁÍÅÎÑÀÝÁÑ libcrypt, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
     ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÁ ÎÁ ËÏÄÅ, ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÏÍ × á×ÓÔÒÁÌÉÉ äÜ×ÉÄÏÍ âÁÒÒÅÎÏÍ
     (David Burren).  üÔÏÔ ËÏÄ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÎÅÁÍÅÒÉËÁÎÓËÉÈ
     ÚÅÒËÁÌÁÈ FreeBSD.  éÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ÄÌÑ libcrypt ÂÅÚ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÎÙÈ
     ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ, É ÓÁÍÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, Å£ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÅ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ
     ÓÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ftp-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×:</para>
  
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<varlistentry><term>àÖÎÁÑ áÆÒÉËÁ</term>
<listitem>
<para><filename>ftp://ftp.internat.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD</filename><!-- <br> -->
         <filename>ftp://storm.sea.uct.ac.za/pub/FreeBSD</filename></para>
  
<para>       </para>
  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>âÒÁÚÉÌÉÑ</term>

<listitem>
<para><filename>ftp://ftp.iqm.unicamp.br/pub/FreeBSD</filename></para>
  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>æÉÎÌÑÎÄÉÑ</term>

<listitem>
<para><filename>ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/unix/FreeBSD/eurocrypt</filename>
     </para>
  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
  
<para>îÅÁÍÅÒÉËÁÎÓËÉÊ <emphasis remap=tt>securedist</emphasis> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ ËÁË 
     ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÕÀ ÚÁÍÅÎÕ ÁÍÅÒÉËÁÎÓËÏÇÏ <emphasis remap=tt>securedist</emphasis>.  üÔÏÔ
     <emphasis remap=tt>securedist</emphasis> ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÉÍ ÖÅ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ËÁË É 
     ÁÍÅÒÉËÁÎÓËÉÊ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ (ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑÍ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ).  åÓÌÉ
     ×Ù ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÅÓØ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ DES, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ
     ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ.</para>
  
<para>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÚÁ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÁÍÉ óûá ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÇÒÕÖÁÔØ
     ÌÀÂÏÅ ËÒÉÐÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ óûá.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ 
     ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÀÒÉÄÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÐÌÁÎÁ Õ ÔÅÈ, ÞÔÏ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔÓÑ
     ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÔÅÈ ÓÁÊÔÏ×, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÂÙÌÏ ÓÇÒÕÖÅÎÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ
     ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ.</para>
 
<para>÷ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÅÁÍÅÒÉËÁÎÓËÉÊ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
     Kerberos, É ÔÅËÕÝÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÁ Ó ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÏÇÏ FTP ÐÏ
     ÁÄÒÅÓÕ <filename>braae.ru.ac.za</filename>.</para>
 
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ <link linkend="mailing">ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ</link>, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÙÊ
     ÎÅÁÍÅÒÉËÁÎÓËÏÍÕ ËÒÉÐÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÍÕ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÀ. äÌÑ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ
     ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÐÏÛÌÉÔÅ ÐÉÓØÍÏ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÅ ÏÄÎÕ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ
     ``<emphasis remap=tt>help</emphasis>'' × ÔÅÌÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÁÄÒÅÓ</para>

<para><email>majordomo@braae.ru.ac.za</email>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>      úÁÇÒÕÚËÁ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÉ
      ``Probing Devices...''.
    </para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á IDE Zip ÉÌÉ Jaz, ÕÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÉÈ
   É ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÓÎÏ×Á. ïÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÍÅÛÁÔØ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ. ðÏÓÌÅ
   ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÎÏ×Á ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØ
   ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á. îÁÄÅÅÍÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÏ × ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÚÄÎÉÈ
   ÒÅÌÉÚÁÈ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>      óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ``panic: cant mount root'' ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ
      ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
    </para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÐÒÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ
   ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑÍÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÂÌÏËÁ É ÑÄÒÁ Ï ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÈ. üÔÁ
   ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÒÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó Ä×ÕÍÑ ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ IDE, Ó ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÁÍÉ,
   ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÍÉ ËÁË ×ÅÄÕÝÉÊ ÉÌÉ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÁÈ IDE,
   Ó FreeBSD, ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁ ×ÔÏÒÏÍ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÅ IDE. úÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÅ ÂÌÏËÉ
   ÄÕÍÁÀÔ, ÞÔÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÁ wd1 (×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÄÉÓË BIOS), ÔÏÇÄÁ ËÁË
   ÑÄÒÏ ÄÁ£Ô ÐÅÒ×ÏÍÕ ÄÉÓËÕ ÎÁ ×ÔÏÒÏÍ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÅ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ wd2. ðÏÓÌÅ
   ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÑÄÒÏ ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÅ
   ÂÌÏËÉ ×ÙÄÁÀÔ ÚÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË, wd1, ÔÏÇÄÁ ËÁË ÏÎ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ wd2,
   É ÏÛÉÂÁÅÔÓÑ.</para>
  
<para>äÌÑ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÏÄÎÏ ÉÚ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ:</para>
  
<para>   
<orderedlist>

<listitem>
<para>÷ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ Boot: ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ
    <emphasis remap=tt>1:wd(2,a)kernel</emphasis> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ Enter. åÓÌÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ 
    ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÌÁÓØ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
<literallayout>echo "1:wd(2,a)kernel" &gt; /boot.config</literallayout>

    ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÓÔÒÏËÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.
    </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ðÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÄÉÓË Ó FreeBSD ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÙÊ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ IDE, ÔÁË ÞÔÏÂÙ
    ÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏÍ ÐÒÉÛÌÉ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ.
    </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="../../handbook/kernelconfig.html">ðÅÒÅÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ</ulink>,
    ÉÚÍÅÎÉ× ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÁ wd ÎÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:

<literallayout>controller      wdc0    at isa? port "IO_WD1" bio irq 14 vector wdintr
disk            wd0     at wdc0 drive 0
# disk            wd1     at wdc0 drive 1 # comment out this line

controller      wdc1    at isa? port "IO_WD2" bio irq 15 vector wdintr
disk            wd1     at wdc1 drive 0 # change from wd2 to wd1
disk            wd2     at wdc1 drive 1 # change from wd3 to wd2</literallayout>


    ðÒÏÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ.
    åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÌÉ ×ÁÛÉ ÄÉÓËÉ É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÕÀ
    ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ, ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÄÉÓËÉ × ÎÕÖÎÏÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ É ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅÓØ.
    ÷ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØÓÑ.

   </para>
</listitem>

</orderedlist>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÏÂß£Í ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ?
  </para></question><answer>

<para>òÁÚÍÅÒ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎ ÏÂߣÍÏÍ × 4 ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔÁ.  ôÁËÁÑ
  ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÌÁÓØ, ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ÅÓÔØ × <ulink
  URL="ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/archive-info/configuration">ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ
  wcarchive</ulink>.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÅÓØ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ
  ÐÁÍÑÔÉ × ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ, ÂÕÄØÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÙ.  óËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÄ£ÔÓÑ
  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÁÍÑÔØ ECC É ÄÌÑ ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÚÑÔØ 9-ÞÉÐÏ×ÙÅ
  ÍÏÄÕÌÉ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ 18-ÞÉÐÏ×ÙÈ.</para>

</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>       ëÁËÉÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ffs?
     </para></question><answer>

<para>äÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ffs ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÔÅÏÒÅÔÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÒÁ×ÅÎ 
    8 ÔÅÒÁÂÁÊÔÁÍ (2ç ÂÌÏËÏ×) ÉÌÉ 16ôâ ÐÒÉ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÅ ÂÌÏËÁ 8ë.
    îÁ ÐÒÁËÔÉËÅ ÅÓÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ × 1 ÔÅÒÁÂÁÊÔ, ÎÏ Ó
    ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑÍÉ ÄÏÓÔÉÖÉÍÙ 4 ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔÁ (É ÔÁËÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
    ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ).</para>
  
<para>íÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ffs ÒÁ×ÅÎ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ 1ç ÂÌÏËÏ×
    (4ôâ) ÐÒÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÅ ÂÌÏËÁ 4ë.</para>
  
<para>    
<literallayout>                     ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÆÁÊÌÁ
                ----------------------------------
                   2.2.7    3.0
ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÂÌÏËÁ fs   -STABLE  -CURRENT  ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ  ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
---------------   -------  --------  --------  ---------------
4K                 4T-1      4T-1     4T-1       4+T
8K                 32+G      8T-1     32+G       16T-1
16K                128+G     16T-1    128+G      32T-1
32K                512+G     32T-1    512+G      64T-1
64K                2048+G    64T-1    2048+G     128T-1
     </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>ðÒÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÅ ÂÌÏËÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ 4ë, ÔÒÏÊÎÁÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÁÃÉÑ
    ÂÌÏËÏ× ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É ×Ó£ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ 
    ÂÌÏËÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÚÁÄÁ£ÔÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ ÔÒÏÊÎÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÁÄÒÅÓÁÃÉÉ
    ÂÌÏËÁ (ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ 1K^3 + 1K^2 + 1K), ÏÄÎÁËÏ ×Ó£ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ 
    (ÏÛÉÂÏÞÎÙÍ) ÌÉÍÉÔÏÍ 1ç-1 ÎÁ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÂÌÏËÏ× ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
    üÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ 2ç-1. ðÒÉ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Å ÂÌÏËÏ×,
    ÐÒÉÂÌÉÖÁÀÝÅÍÓÑ Ë 2ç-1, ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, ÎÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ 
    ÎÅÄÏÓÔÉÖÉÍ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÅ ÂÌÏËÁ 4ë.</para>
  
<para>ðÒÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÅ ÂÌÏËÁ 8ë É ÂÏÌØÛÅ, ×Ó£ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÏ
    ÌÉÍÉÔÏÍ 2ç-1 ÎÁ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÂÌÏËÏ× ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÏ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏ
    ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÏ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÏÍ × 1ç-1 ÎÁ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÂÌÏËÏ× ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÒÏÍÅ
    ÓÌÕÞÁÑ -STABLE, ÎÅÄÏÓÔÉÖÉÍÙÊ ÐÒÉ ÔÒÏÊÎÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÁÄÒÅÓÁÃÉÉ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ
    ÒÁ×ÅÎ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ÞÉÓÌÕ ÂÌÏËÏ× ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ
    ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎ ÞÅÒÅÚ Ä×ÏÊÎÕÀ ÐÅÒÅÁÄÒÅÓÁÃÉÀ (ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ
    (ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÂÌÏËÁ/4)^2 + (ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÂÌÏËÁ/4)), É ÐÏÄ -CURRENT ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÅÉÎÅ
    ÜÔÏÇÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.  éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÅÒÎÏÇÏ
    ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ × 2ç-1 ÂÌÏËÏ× ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ 1ôâ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ?</para></question><answer>

<para>ñ ÈÒÁÎÀ ÐÁÒÏÞËÕ ÔÁËÉÈ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ :-)  íÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ 
    ÆÁÊÌÁ ÎÅ Ó×ÑÚÁÎ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ ÄÉÓËÁ.
    íÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÄÉÓËÁ ÒÁ×ÅÎ 1ôâ.  ïÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØÀ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
    ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÄÉÓËÁ.</para>
  
<para>÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÓÏÚÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ 8ô-1 Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ×ÓÅÇÏ
    32ë ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á (3 ÂÌÏËÁ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ É 1 ÂÌÏË ÄÁÎÎÙÈ) ÎÁ 
    ÍÁÌÅÎØËÏÍ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ.  ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ dd ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÕÍÅÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó
    ÂÏÌØÛÉÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ.</para>
  
<para>
<literallayout>ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q&gt; cat foo
df .
dd if=/dev/zero of=z bs=1 seek=`echo 2^43 - 2 | bc` count=1
ls -l z
du z
df .
ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q&gt; sh foo
Filesystem  1024-blocks     Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/da0a         64479    27702    31619    47%    /
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1 bytes transferred in 0.000187 secs (5346 bytes/sec)
-rw-r--r--  1 bde  bin  8796093022207 Sep  7 16:04 z
32	z
Filesystem  1024-blocks     Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/da0a         64479    27734    31587    47%    /
ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q&gt; exit</literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>Bruce Evans, September 1998</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ñ ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÌ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ É ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ
        "archsw.readin.failed".
      </para></question><answer>

<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÉÔØ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, Ñ×ÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁ× ÑÄÒÏ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ
     ×ÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÜÔÁÐÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ, ÎÁÖÁ× ÌÀÂÕÀ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ
     ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ | ÄÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ.  âÏÌÅÅ ÔÏÞÎÏ, ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÌÉ
     ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ÑÄÒÁ, ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ <emphasis>ÂÅÚ
     ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ make world </emphasis>.  ôÁËÏÅ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.  ÷ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ
     make world.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry></qandaset>
</chapter>


<chapter
id="hardware">
<title>áÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÁÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ</title>


<qandaset><qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÔÉÐÙ ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÏ× ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>FreeBSD ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÏ× EIDE É SCSI (Ó
     ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍÉ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÁÍÉ; ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ), É
     ×ÓÅÍÉ ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÍÉ ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ "Western Digital"
     (MFM, RLL, ESDI É, ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ ÖÅ, IDE).  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÙ ESDI,
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ, ÍÏÇÕÔ É ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ: Ë ÔÁËÉÍ
     ÏÔÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ WD1002/3/6/7 É ÉÈ ËÌÏÎÙ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÙ SCSI?</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£Î × <ulink URL="../../handbook/install.html#INSTALL-HW">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å</ulink>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÙ CD-ROM ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ×Ï FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÌÀÂÙÅ SCSI-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÞÎÅÎÉÑ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ ÄÉÓËÏ×,
     ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÅ Ë ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍÕ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÕ.</para>
  
<para>ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ:</para>
  
<para>     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>Mitsumi LU002 (8bit), LU005 (16bit) É FX001D (16bit 2x Speed).
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Sony CDU 31/33A<!-- <br> -->
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Sound Blaster ÎÅ-SCSI CD-ROM<!-- <br> -->
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Matsushita/Panasonic CD-ROM<!-- <br> -->
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ATAPI-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ IDE CD-ROM<!-- <br> -->
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
<para>÷ÓÅ ÎÅ-SCSI ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÓÔÁ×ÑÔÓÑ Ó×ÏÅÊ ÍÅÄÌÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÀ
     ÓÏ SCSI, Á ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ CDROM ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÁ ATAPI ÍÏÇÕÔ É ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ.</para>
  
<para>ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2.2 ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓË Ó FreeBSD ÏÔ Walnut Creek Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
     ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÍ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ FreeBSD ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ZIP?</para></question><answer>

<para>îÅÓÏÍÎÅÎÎÏ, FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ZIP-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á SCSI.  õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Õ
     ZIP ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ SCSI ID ÔÏÌØËÏ 5 ÉÌÉ 6, É ÅÓÌÉ BIOS ×ÁÛÅÇÏ
     SCSI-ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁËÕÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Ó ÎÅÇÏ ÄÁÖÅ 
     ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ.  íÎÅ ÎÅ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó
     ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ÎÏÍÅÒÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÙ ÏÔ 0 ÉÌÉ 1... ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ×
     ×ÁÛÅÊ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ (É ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔÅ ÍÎÅ, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÜÔÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ).</para>
  
<para>õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ZIP ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÁ ATAPI (IDE) ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ FreeBSD ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ
     Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2.2.6.</para>
  
<para>FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á Zip, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ
     ÐÏÒÔ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 3.0.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ,
     ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÌÉ ×ÁÛÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÄÌÑ <emphasis remap=tt>scbus0</emphasis>, <emphasis remap=tt>da0
     </emphasis>, <emphasis remap=tt>ppbus0</emphasis> É <emphasis remap=tt>vp0</emphasis> (ÑÄÒÏ GENERIC ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ×Ó£ ÜÔÏ,
     ËÒÏÍÅ vp0).  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÉ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ, ÔÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
     ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏ ËÁË /dev/da0s4.  äÉÓËÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ
     ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍÉ <command>mount /dev/da0s4 /mnt</command> ÉÌÉ (ÄÌÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× dos)
     <emphasis remap=tt>mount_msdos /dev/da0s4 /mnt</emphasis>.</para>
  
<para>ôÁËÖÅ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ <link linkend="jaz">ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ</link>
     Ï ÓߣÍÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑÈ, É <link linkend="disklabel">ÜÔÏ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ</link>
     Ï 'ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ'.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ FreeBSD ÓߣÍÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ÔÉÐÁ JAZ ÉÌÉ EZ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ëÒÏÍÅ IDE-×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á EZ, ÜÔÏ ×Ó£ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á SCSI, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ
     ÄÌÑ FreeBSD ×ÓÅ ÏÎÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ËÁË ÄÉÓËÉ SCSI, Á IDE EZ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
     ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ËÁË ÄÉÓË IDE.</para>
  
<para><anchor id="jaz">ñ ÎÅ ÚÎÁÀ, ÎÁÓËÏÌØËÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
     ÓÍÅÎÕ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ.  ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÍÅÎÉÔØ ÄÉÓË, ×ÁÍ 
     ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ, É ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ
     ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ×ÓÅ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ, ÞÔÏÂÙ FreeBSD
     ÍÏÇÌÁ ÉÈ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÔØ.</para>
  
<para>ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÜÔÏ <link linkend="disklabel">ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ</link> Ï 
     'ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ'.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁËÉÅ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÒÔÏ×ÙÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ
        ×Ï FreeBSD?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>óÐÉÓÏË ÔÁËÉÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ Ï <ulink URL="../../handbook/install.html#INSTALL-MISC">ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÈ</ulink> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á.</para>
  
<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÅÚÙÍÑÎÎÙÅ ËÌÏÎÙ ÔÁËÉÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ÔÏÖÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ,
     ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÁÑ×ÌÑÀÔ Ï Ó×ÏÅÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó AST.</para>
  
<para>ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ Ï
   <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio">sio</ulink>
   ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÈ
   ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question
id="busmouse">
<para>        õ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÏÂÙÞÎÁÑ ÍÙÛØ ÔÉÐÁ bus mouse. ëÁË Å£ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ?
        
      </para></question><answer>

<para>FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÙÛÉ ÔÉÐÏ× bus mouse É InPort bus mouse ÏÔ
     ÔÁËÉÈ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ, ËÁË Microsoft, Logitech É ATI.  äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ
     ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á bus mouse ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ × ÑÄÒÏ GENERIC.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù
     ÓÔÒÏÉÔÅ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ
     × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÑÄÒÁ;</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq5 vector mseintr
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>íÙÛØ ÔÉÐÁ bus mouse ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Ó ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÍ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÎÙÍ
     ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏÍ.  ïÎ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÐÏÒÔÁ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ É ÎÏÍÅÒ
     IRQ, ÏÔÌÉÞÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÏÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£ÎÎÙÈ ×ÙÛÅ.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ ÐÏ
     ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÙÛÉ É ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ Ï ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?mse">mse</ulink>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question
id="ps2mouse">
<para>        ëÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÙÛØ PS/2 (ÔÉÐÁ ``mouse port'' ÉÌÉ ``keyboard'')?
        
      </para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ FreeBSD ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ×ÙÛÅ, ÞÅÍ 2.2.5, ÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ
     ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ, psm, ×ËÌÀÞ£Î × ÑÄÒÏ É ÁËÔÉ×ÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎ.  ñÄÒÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØ
     ÍÙÛØ PS/2 ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔÅ Ó ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÊ, ÎÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ Ó×ÅÖÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÅÊ
     FreeBSD (2.1.x É ×ÙÛÅ), ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ Å£ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ×
     ÍÅÎÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÉ, ÌÉÂÏ ÐÏÚÖÅ, ÕËÁÚÁ×
     -c × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ boot:.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÏÎÁ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÁ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
     ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ Å£ Ñ×ÎÏ.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÔÁÒÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ FreeBSD, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ
     ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ × ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ É ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
     ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        device psm0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" conflicts tty irq 12 vector psmintr
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÇÌÁ×Å òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Ï <ulink URL="../../handbook/kernelconfig.html">ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ</ulink>, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÉÍÅÅÔÅ ÏÐÙÔÁ ÔÁËÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ.</para>
  
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÑÄÒÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌÏ psm0 ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ,
     ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÄÌÑ psm0 × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ /dev.
     üÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÎÁÂÒÁ×:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        cd /dev; sh MAKEDEV psm0
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>×ÏÊÄÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question
id="moused">
<para>        íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ËÁËÉÍ-ÌÉÂÏ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÙÛØ, ËÒÏÍÅ X Window?
        
      </para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ, syscons, ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌØ ÍÙÛÉ × ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÎÓÏÌÑÈ ÄÌÑ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ É 
     ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÁ ÔÅËÓÔÁ.  úÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÄÅÍÏÎ ÍÙÛÉ, moused, É ×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ
     ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ ÍÙÛÉ ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        moused -p /dev/xxxx -t yyyy 
        vidcontrol -m on
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>úÄÅÓØ <emphasis remap=tt>xxxx</emphasis> - ÜÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÍÙÛÉ, Á <emphasis remap=tt>yyyy</emphasis> -
     ÔÉÐ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÍÙÛØÀ.  óÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ Ï
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?moused">moused</ulink>
     ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÔÉÐÁÈ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ×.</para>
  
<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÄÅÍÏÎ ÍÙÛÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓÔÁÒÔÁ
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  ÷ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2.2.1, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ×
     <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename>.</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>	mousedtype="yyyy"
	mousedport="xxxx"
	mousedflags=""
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>     ÷ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ 2.2.2 É ×ÙÛÅ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ×
     <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>	moused_type="yyyy"
	moused_port="xxxx"
	moused_flags=""
      </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ÍÙÛÉ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ
  ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁÈ, Á ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
  ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>

  <para>
    <literallayout>
      allscreens_flags="-m on"
    </literallayout>
  </para>

<para>îÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó FreeBSD 2.2.6, ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ÍÙÛÉ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔØ ÔÉÐ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ
  Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, ÅÓÌÉ, ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ÍÙÛØ ÎÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÒÅ×ÎÅÊ ÍÏÄÅÌÉ.  õËÁÖÉÔÅ
  ``<emphasis remap=tt>auto</emphasis>'' ÄÌÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÔÉÐÁ
  ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ.</para>
 
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ ÍÙÛÉ, ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÍÙÛÉ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×Ù×ÁÔØÓÑ
  ÍÅÖÄÕ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏÍ ÍÙÛÉ É ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ ÔÉÐÁ X Window.  üÔÏÔ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ
  ÏÓ×ÅÝ£Î × <link linkend="x-and-moused">ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ</link>.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>


<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÙÒÅÚÁÔØ É ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÅËÓÔ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÍÙÛÉ ×
        ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ×Ù ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÌÉ ÄÅÍÏÎ ÍÙÛÉ (ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ <link
     linkend="moused">ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ</link>), ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ËÎÏÐËÕ 1 (ÌÅ×ÕÀ) É
     Ä×ÉÇÁÊÔÅ ÍÙÛØ ÄÌÑ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÏÂÌÁÓÔÉ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ.  úÁÔÅÍ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ËÎÏÐËÕ 2
     (ÓÒÅÄÎÀÀ) ÉÌÉ ËÎÏÐËÕ 3 (ÐÒÁ×ÕÀ) ÄÌÑ ×ÓÔÁ×ËÉ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÉÚ ÂÕÆÅÒÁ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ
     Ó ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ ÐÏÚÉÃÉÉ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ.</para>
  
<para>÷ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ 2.2.6 É ×ÙÛÅ, ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅ ÎÁ ËÎÏÐËÕ 2 ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ×ÓÔÁ×ËÕ ÔÅËÓÔÁ.
     îÁÖÁÔÉÅ ÎÁ ËÎÏÐËÕ 3 ``ÒÁÓÛÉÒÉÔ'' ×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÙÊ ÏÂÌÁÓÔØ ÔÅËÓÔÁ.  åÓÌÉ Õ
     ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÙÛÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÓÒÅÄÎÑÑ ËÎÏÐËÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔŠţ ÓÜÍÕÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÌÉ
     ÐÅÒÅÎÁÚÎÁÞÉÔØ ËÎÏÐËÉ ÏÐÃÉÑÍÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ moused. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ
     óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?moused">moused</ulink>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        õ ÍÏÅÊ ÍÙÛÉ ÅÓÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÌ£ÓÉËÏ É ËÎÏÐÏÞËÉ.  íÏÖÎÏ
        ÌÉ ÉÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×Ï FreeBSD?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ïÔ×ÅÔ, Ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ``× ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÏÂÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÓÔ×''.  üÔÉ ÍÙÛËÉ
     Ó ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ
     ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÈ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ×.  äÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÍÙÛÉ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉËÌÁÄÎÁÑ
     ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÕÀ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÔÁËÏÊ ÍÙÛÉ, ÏÎÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ
     ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ËÁË ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÁÑ Ä×ÕÈ- ÉÌÉ ÔÒ£ÈËÎÏÐÏÞÎÁÑ ÍÙÛØ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÙÛØ/ÔÒÜËÂÏÌÌ/ÓÅÎÓÏÒÎÕÀ ÐÁÎÅÌØ ÎÁ ÌÜÐÔÏÐÅ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ <link linkend="ps2mouse">ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×</link>.
     é ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ <link linkend="pao">ÜÔÏ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ</link> ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ Ï
     ÍÏÂÉÌØÎÙÈ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÑÈ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÔÉÐÙ ÓÔÒÉÍÅÒÏ× ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ?</para></question><answer>

<para>FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÔÒÉÍÅÒÙ Ó ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ SCSI, QIC-36 (Ó
     ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏÍ QIC-02) É QIC-40/80 (ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å îçíä), ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ 8-ÍÍ
     (Exabyte) É DAT.  óÔÒÉÍÅÒÙ QIC-40/80 ÓÔÒÁ×ÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÙ.</para>
  
<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÒÁÎÎÉÅ ÍÏÄÅÌÉ 8-ÍÍ ÓÔÒÉÍÅÒÏ× ÎÅ ÓÏ×ÓÅÍ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ
     ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÕ SCSI-2 É ÍÏÇÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÅ ÓÏ×ÓÅÍ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ FreeBSD ÒÏÂÏÔÏ× ÄÌÑ ÓÍÅÎÙ ÌÅÎÔ?</para></question><answer>

<para>FreeBSD 2.2 ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ SCSI-ÞÅÊÎÄÖÅÒÙ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ch(4)">ch</ulink>
     É ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <ulink 
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?chio">chio</ulink>.  äÅÔÁÌØÎÁÑ
     ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÞÅÊÎÄÖÅÒÁÍÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ
     ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?chio">chio</ulink>.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/ports.cgi?amanda">AMANDA</ulink>
     ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ, ÕÍÅÀÝÅÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÒÏÂÏÔÁÍÉ, ÉÍÅÊÔÅ ×
     ×ÉÄÕ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÉÔØ ÌÅÎÔÙ Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ,
     ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÁÍÉÍ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÔØ, × ËÁËÏÍ ÓÌÏÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÕÖÎÁÑ
     ÌÅÎÔÁ, É × ËÁËÏÊ ÓÌÏÔ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ ÌÅÎÔÕ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÕÀÓÑ × ÓÔÒÉÍÅÒÅ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁËÉÅ Ú×ÕËÏ×ÙÅ ÐÌÁÔÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ×Ï FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ú×ÕËÏ×ÙÅ ÐÌÁÔÙ SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster Pro,
     SoundBlaster 16, Pro Audio Spectrum 16, AdLib É Gravis UltraSound.
     éÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÁÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ MPU-401 É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ Ó ÎÉÍ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×.
     áÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ, ÕÄÏ×ÌÅÔ×ÏÒÑÀÝÉÅ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ Microsoft Sound System, ÔÁËÖÅ
     ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ pcm.</para>
  
<para><emphasis remap=bf>úáíåþáîéå</emphasis> üÔÏ ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ú×ÕËÁ!  üÔÏÔ
     ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ CDROM, SCSI ÉÌÉ ÄÖÏÊÓÔÉËÉ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ
     ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÈ, ËÒÏÍÅ SoundBlaster.  ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÁ
     SCSI-ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÅ SoundBlaster É ÎÅ-SCSI CDROM, ÎÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÎÉÈ
     ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>åÓÔØ ÌÉ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÑ Ú×ÕËÁ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
     ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ pcm Ó ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏÍ es1370?</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÒÉ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

<para>mixer pcm 100 vol 100 cd 100</para>

</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Ï <ulink URL="../../handbook/install.html#INSTALL-NICS">ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÈ Ethernet</ulink>. </para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        îÁ ÍÏÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÁÔÅÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÓÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ - ÜÔÏ ÐÌÏÈÏ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para><emphasis remap=tt>úÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ</emphasis> üÔÏ ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ×ÌÁÄÅÌØÃÅ× ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×
     386/486SX/486SLC - ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÈ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÊ Ó
     ÐÌÁ×ÁÀÝÅÊ ÔÏÞËÏÊ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎ£Î Ó ÃÅÎÔÒÁÌØÎÙÍ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÏÍ.</para>
  
<para>÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ, ÎÏ × ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÉ ÓÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ ×Ù
     ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÔÏÌËÎÕÔØÓÑ ÓÏ ÓÎÉÖÅÎÉÅÍ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ É ÔÏÞÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÒÉ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÊ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ ÓÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ (ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ
     Ï <link linkend="emul">ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÊ Ó ÐÌÁ×ÁÀÝÅÊ ÔÏÞËÏÊ</link>).  
     ÷ ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÐÒÏÒÉÓÏ×ËÁ ÄÕÇ × X ÂÕÄÅÔ ïþåîø ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏÊ.  ðÒÉÏÂÒÅÔÅÎÉÅ
     ÍÁÔÅÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÓÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ, ÏÎ ÔÏÇÏ ÓÔÏÉÔ.</para>
  
<para><emphasis remap=bf>úáíåþáîéå</emphasis> îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÁÔÅÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÅ
     ÓÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÌÕÞÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ.  îÁÍ ÎÅÐÒÉÑÔÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÉÚÎÁ×ÁÔØ,
     ÎÏ Intel ÐÏËÁ ÎÉËÏÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÄ×ÏÄÉÌ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ, ÞÔÏ ÓÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ
     ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó FreeBSD, ÉÚÂÅÇÁÊÔÅ ËÌÏÎÏ×.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÅÝ£ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × 2.X?</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ <ulink URL="../../handbook/install.html#INSTALL-MISC">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å</ulink> ÐÒÉ×ÅģΠÓÐÉÓÏË ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
     ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ×Ï FreeBSD.</para>

</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ FreeBSD ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÜÎÅÒÇÏÓÂÅÒÅÖÅÎÉÅÍ ÎÁ ÌÁÐÔÏÐÁÈ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ APM ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ.  ðÏÉÝÉÔÅ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
     ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ <acronym>LINT</acronym> ÓÌÏ×Ï
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?apm">APM</ulink>.</para>

</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        òÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÍ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ
      </para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÍ
     ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÓÔÁÌËÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁÛÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÙ Micron ÚÁ×ÉÓÁÀÔ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ</para></question><answer>

<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÎÓËÉÅ ÐÌÁÔÙ Micron ÉÍÅÀÔ BIOS, ÎÅ ÕÄÏ×ÌÅÔ×ÏÒÑÀÝÕÀ
      ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÕ PCI BIOS, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÐÅÞÁÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÑÍ ÐÒÉ
      ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ FreeBSD, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÎÅÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
      PCI ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÍ ÉÍÉ ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍ.</para>
 
<para>äÌÑ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔÅ × BIOS ÏÐÃÉÀ "Plug and Play
      Operating System" .  </para>
 
<para>âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ
      ÁÄÒÅÓÕ: <ulink URL="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron">http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron</ulink></para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>      FreeBSD ÎÅ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ£Ô ÍÏÊ ÎÏ×ÅÊÛÉÊ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ ÏÔ Adaptec.
    </para></question><answer>

<para>îÏ×ÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ AIC789x ÏÔ Adaptec ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ CAM
     SCSI, ×ÐÅÒ×ÙÅ ÐÏÑ×É×ÛÅÊÓÑ × 3.0.  ðÁÔÞÉ ÄÌÑ 2.2-STABLE ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ
     <ulink URL="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/cam/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/cam/</ulink>.
     úÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ CAM ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/~abial/cam-boot/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/~abial/cam-boot/</ulink>.
     ÷ ÏÂÏÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÐÒÅÖÄÅ ÞÅÍ ÎÁÞÁÔØ, ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ README. </para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>FreeBSD ÎÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÊ ÍÏÄÅÍ Plug &amp; Play.</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ PnP ID ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ × ÓÐÉÓÏË PnP ID ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ 
  ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ.  äÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ Plug &amp; Play, 
  ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ Ó ÏÐÃÉÅÊ <emphasis remap=tt>controller
  pnp0</emphasis> × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ, É ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ.  ñÄÒÏ
  ×Ù×ÅÄÅÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË ID ×ÓÅÈ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÎÙÈ PnP-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.  äÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ PnP ID ÍÏÄÅÍÁ ×
  ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/sys/i386/isa/sio.c</filename>, ÇÄÅ-ÔÏ × ÒÁÊÏÎÅ
  2777 ÓÔÒÏËÉ.  þÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ, ÐÏÉÝÉÔÅ ÓÌÏ×Ï "SUP1310" × ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÅ
  "siopnp_ids[]".  óÎÏ×Á ÐÏÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ, ÐÒÏÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÅÇÏ É
  ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅÓØ. ôÅÐÅÒØ ×ÁÛ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÏÐÏÚÎÁÎ.</para>
  
<para>÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÏÔËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ PnP-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ 'pnp'
  × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÔÏÒÅ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>
  
<para>  
<literallayout>   pnp 1 0 enable os irq0 3 drq0 0 port0 0x2f8
   </literallayout>

  ÞÔÏÂÙ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÂÙÌ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÎ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>     ëÁË ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ boot: ×Ù×ÏÄÉÌÏÓØ ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ ÎÁ
     ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÍ ÐÏÒÔÕ?
   </para></question><answer>

<para>
<orderedlist>

<listitem>
<para>ðÏÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ Ó ÏÐÃÉÅÊ <emphasis remap=tt>options COMCONSOLE</emphasis>.
  </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ /boot.config, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉ× ÔÕÄÁ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÅËÓÔ <option>-P</option>.
  </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ïÔËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÕ.
  </para>
</listitem>

</orderedlist>
</para>
  
<para>ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
  <filename>/usr/src/sys/i386/boot/biosboot/README.serial</filename>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ 3Com PCI ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÍÉ Micron?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÎÓËÉÅ ÐÌÁÔÙ Micron ÉÍÅÀÔ BIOS, ÎÅ ÕÄÏ×ÌÅÔ×ÏÒÑÀÝÕÀ
     ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÕ PCI BIOS, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÎÅÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÀ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× PCI
     ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÍ ÉÍÉ ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍ.  üÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÐÅÞÁÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÑÍ ÐÒÉ
     ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ FreeBSD.</para>
  
<para>äÌÑ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔÅ × BIOS ÏÐÃÉÀ "Plug and Play
     Operating System" .  </para>
  
<para>âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ
     ÁÄÒÅÓÕ: <ulink URL="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron">http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron</ulink></para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ FreeBSD ÍÎÏÇÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (SMP)?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ SMP (Symmetric Multiprocessing) ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ×
     3.0-STABLE É ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÒÅÌÉÚÁÈ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry></qandaset>
</chapter>


<chapter
id="troubleshoot">
<title>õÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ</title>


<qandaset><qandaentry><question
id="awre">
<para>        îÁ ÍÏ£Í ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÙ ÅÓÔØ ÚÁÐÏÒÞÅÎÎÙÅ ÂÌÏËÉ!
      </para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ SCSI-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÔÏ ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
     Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÁÄÒÅÓÁÃÉÉ ÔÁËÉÈ ÂÌÏËÏ×.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÐÏ ÎÅÐÏÎÑÔÎÙÍ
     ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ ÄÉÓËÁÈ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÁ...</para>
  
<para>þÔÏÂ٠ţ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÞÔÏ
     ×Ï FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        scsi -f /dev/rsd0c -m 1 -e -P 3
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>É ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× AWRE É ARRE Ó 0 ÎÁ 1:-</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        AWRE (Auto Write Reallocation Enbld):  1
        ARRE (Auto Read Reallocation Enbld):  1
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>ðÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÇÒÁÆÙ ÂÙÌÉ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÙ
     <ulink URL="mailto:tedm@toybox.placo.com">ôÜÄÏÍ íÉÔÔÅÌØÛÔÁÄÔÏÍ</ulink>
     (Ted Mittelstaedt):</para>
  
<para>äÌÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× IDE ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÚÁÐÏÒÞÅÎÎÙÈ ÂÌÏËÏ× Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÚÎÁËÏÍ
     ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÈ ÎÅÐÒÉÑÔÎÏÓÔÅÊ.  ÷ÓÅ ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ IDE-ÄÉÓËÉ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ Ó
     ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÅÒÅÁÄÒÅÓÁÃÉÉ ÉÓÐÏÒÞÅÎÎÙÈ ÂÌÏËÏ×.  ÷ÓÅ 
     ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÉ ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÏ× × ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ
     ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÉ É ÚÁÍÅÎÑÀÔ ÄÉÓËÉ Ó ÚÁÐÏÒÞÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÂÌÏËÁÍÉ.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×Ó£ ÖÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÓÐÁÓÔÉ ×ÁÛ ÄÉÓË IDE Ó ÚÁÐÏÒÞÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÂÌÏËÁÍÉ,
     ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÄÉÁÇÎÏÓÔÉËÉ ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÏ× ÏÔ
     ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÑ É ÐÒÏÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÀ ÄÉÓË.  éÎÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ
     ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÉËÕ ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÁ ÐÅÒÅÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÉÓË × ÐÏÉÓËÁÈ
     ÉÓÐÏÒÞÅÎÎÙÈ ÂÌÏËÏ× É ÚÁÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ.</para>
  
<para>÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÄÉÓËÏ× ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÏ× ESDI, RLL É MFM, ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÒÞÅÎÎÙÈ ÂÌÏËÏ×
     Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ Ñ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ É ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ. ÷ ðë
     ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÁ É BIOS ÂÅÒÕÔ ÎÁ ÓÅÂÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÐÏ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÅ
     ÉÓÐÏÒÞÅÎÎÙÈ ÂÌÏËÏ×.  üÔÏ ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ
     ÔÉÐÁ DOS, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ×ÙÚÏ×Ù BIOS ÄÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÄÉÓËÕ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ
     ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÄÉÓËÁ ×Ï FreeBSD ÎÅ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ Ë BIOS, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ
     ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏÊ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ bad144.  bad144 ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó
     ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ wd, Å£ îå÷ïúíïöîï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÏ SCSI.  bad144 ÐÏÍÅÝÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ
     ÎÁÊÄÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÓÐÏÒÞÅÎÎÙÅ ÓÅËÔÏÒÁ × ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ.</para>
  
<para>õ bad144 ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØ - ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ Ó ÉÓÐÏÒÞÅÎÎÙÍÉ
     ÂÌÏËÁÍÉ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÀÀ ÄÏÒÏÖËÕ ÄÉÓËÁ.  ôÁË ËÁË ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ
     ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÉÓÐÏÒÞÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÅËÔÏÒÏ×, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÈÓÑ × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ
     ÄÉÓËÁ, ÇÄÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÆÁÊÌ ÑÄÒÁ /kernel, ÏÎ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ
     ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÕ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÅÍÕ ×ÙÚÏ×Ù BIOS ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÑÄÒÁ.
     üÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÉÔ, ÞÔÏ ÄÉÓË, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ bad144, ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ
     ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ, ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÀÝÉÅ 1024 ÄÏÒÏÖËÉ, 16 ÇÏÌÏ×ÏË É 63 ÓÅËÔÏÒÁ.  üÔÏ
     ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ bad144, 500 ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÁÍÉ.</para>
  
<para>äÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ bad144, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ "Bad Block"
     × ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ON ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ fdisk ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
     üÔÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó FreeBSD 2.2.7.  äÉÓË ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ,
     ÎÅ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÀÝÉÊ 1024 ÄÏÒÏÖËÉ.  òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÄÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÉÓË
     ÐÒÏÒÁÂÏÔÁÌ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ 4 ÞÁÓÏ× ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÁ × ÒÁÂÏÞÉÊ ÔÅÐÌÏ×ÏÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ É
     ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÇÏÌÏ×ÏË.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ÄÉÓË ÉÍÅÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ, ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÀÝÉÊ 1024 ÇÏÌÏ×ËÉ (ËÁË, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
     ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÄÉÓË ESDI), ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ ESDI ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÏÓÏÂÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ 
     ÔÒÁÎÓÌÑÃÉÉ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÏ × DOS.  äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ wd ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÎÁÔØ Ï ÜÔÉÈ
     ÒÅÖÉÍÁÈ ÔÒÁÎÓÌÑÃÉÉ, åóìé ×Ù ÕËÁÖÅÔÅ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ "ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ"
     ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× × ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ "set geometry" ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ fdisk.  ÷Ù ÔÁËÖÅ îå ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÅÖÉÍ "dangerously dedicated" ÐÒÉ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÄÌÑ
     FreeBSD, ÔÁË ËÁË ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÄÉÓËÁ ÎÅ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ ×Ï ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ.
     ôÁËÖÅ, ÈÏÔÑ fdisk ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÚÍÅΣÎÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ÏÎ ×Ó£ ÖÅ
     ÐÏÍÎÉÔ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÄÉÓËÁ, É ÐÏÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ
     ÒÁÚÄÅÌ FreeBSD.  åÓÌÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÄÉÓËÁ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌÉÓØ ÎÁ ÔÒÁÎÓÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ,
     ÒÁÚÄÅÌ äïìöåî ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ Ó ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÂÌÏËÏ×.</para>
  
<para>óÁÍÙÍ ÂÙÓÔÒÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ ESDI Ó
     ËÏÎÔÏÌÌÅÒÏÍ ESDI, ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ DOS É ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ Î£Í ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS.  úÁÔÅÍ
     ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ FreeBSD É × ÜËÒÁÎÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
     fdisk ÎÁÊÄÉÔÅ É ÚÁÐÉÛÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÂÌÏËÁ É ÉÈ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS.
     úÁÔÅÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ × ÔÅ ÖÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ DOS,
     ÕÄÁÌÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ DOS É ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ "ÓÏ×ÍÅÝ£ÎÎÙÊ" ÒÁÚÄÅÌ FreeBSD Ó ÒÁÎÅÅ
     ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ ÂÌÏËÁ.  úÁÔÅÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ Ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
     É ×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÒÞÅÎÎÙÈ ÂÌÏËÏ×.  ÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ,
     ÅÝ£ ÄÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÓÑ bad144 (×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÜÔÏ
     Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÐÏ Alt-F2).  åÓÌÉ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ Ó
     ÚÁÐÏÒÞÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÅËÔÏÒÁÍÉ, ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÄÉÓËÁ
     - ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅÓØ É ÎÁÞÎÉÔÅ ×Ó£ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ (×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÂÉÅÎÉÅ
     ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ É ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÁ × DOS).</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÁÄÒÅÓÁÃÉÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ É ×Ó£ ÒÁ×ÎÏ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ
     ÚÁÐÏÒÞÅÎÎÙÅ ÂÌÏËÉ, ÔÏ, ÐÏ-×ÉÄÉÍÏÍÕ, ÏÓÔÁ£ÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒ.
     ëÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÓÐÏÒÞÅÎÎÙÈ ÂÌÏËÏ× Ó ÔÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÔÅÎÄÅÎÃÉÀ ÔÏÌØËÏ
     Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        FreeBSD ÎÅ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ£Ô ÍÏÊ EISA SCSI ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ Bustek 742a!
      </para></question><answer>

<para>îÉÖÅÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÁ ÄÌÑ 742a, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ËÁÓÁÔØÓÑ É
     ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ÏÔ Buslogic (Bustek = Buslogic).</para>
  
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ Ä×Å ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ``×ÅÒÓÉÉ'' ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× 742a.  üÔÏ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÅ
     ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ A-G É ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ H É ×ÙÛÅ.  âÕË×Á, ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÀÝÁÑ
     ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÀ, ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÁ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÎÏÍÅÒÁ ÓÂÏÒËÉ ÎÁ ËÒÏÍËÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ.  îÁ
     ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÅ 742a ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍÙ ðúõ, ÏÄÎÁ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ BIOS, Á
     ÄÒÕÇÁÑ - ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄ (ÔÁË ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÏÅ firmware).  äÌÑ FreeBSD ÎÅ ÉÍÅÅÔ
     ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ BIOS, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄÁ.
     Buslogic ×ÙÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ðúõ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÚ×ÏÎÉÔÅ × ÉÈ ÏÔÄÅÌ
     ÔÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ.  íÉÈÒÏÓÈÅÍÙ Ó BIOS É ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄÏÍ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ
     ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÉ.  ÷ ðúõ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÍÅÔØ ÓÁÍÕÀ
     ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÀÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄÁ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ.</para>
  
<para>áÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÍ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÊ A-G ÍÏÖÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÄÏÊÔÉ BIOS/Firmware ×ÅÒÓÉÊ
     ×ÐÌÏÔØ ÄÏ 2.41/2.21.  áÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÍ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÊ H É ÓÔÁÒÛÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ ÓÁÍÙÅ
     ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ BIOS/Firmware 4.70/3.37.  ïÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÍÉ
     ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄÁ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄÁ 3.37 ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
     ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ``round robin''.</para>
  
<para>îÁ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÈ Buslogic ÐÒÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎ ÓÅÒÉÊÎÙÊ ÎÏÍÅÒ.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ
     ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÓÔÁÒÏÊ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÎÉÔØ × ÐÏÄÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ RMA
     ÆÉÒÍÙ Buslogic, ÓËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍ ÓÅÒÉÊÎÙÊ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ É ÐÏÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ
     ÏÂÍÅÎÑÔØ ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÀ.  åÓÌÉ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÎÏ×,
     ÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÅÇÏ ÐÏÍÅÎÑÀÔ.</para>
  
<para>FreeBSD 2.1 ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÊ ÔÏÌØËÏ 2.21 É ×ÙÛÅ.
     åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄÁ ÓÔÁÒÅÅ, ÞÅÍ ÜÔÁ, ÔÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ
     ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÁË ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ Buslogic.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÐÏÚÎÁÎ
     ËÁË Adaptec 1540.  òÁÎÎÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄÁ ÏÔ Buslogic ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ
     ``ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ'' AHA1540.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÄÌÑ EISA-ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ ×Ó£ ÜÔÏ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ËÁË-ÔÏ
     ÎÅËÒÁÓÉ×Ï.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÓÔÁÒÏÊ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ É ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌÉ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄ 2.21
     ÄÌÑ ÎÅÇÏ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÙÞËÕ W1 × ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ B-C, ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÏÎÁ
     ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÉ A-B.</para>
  
<para>áÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ 742a EISA ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÉÍÅÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ ``&gt;16MB'', ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÕÀ ×
     ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ <link linkend="bigram">Ï ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ Ó &gt;16 MB ïúõ</link>.
     üÔÁ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ ÓÏ SCSI-ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÍÉ Vesa-Local Buslogic.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        îÅ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ£ÔÓÑ SCSI-ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ ÎÁ HP Netserver!
      </para></question><answer>

<para>÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ-ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ.  EISA-ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÙ SCSI, 
     ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÎÓËÏÊ ÐÌÁÔÅ ÍÁÛÉÎ HP Netserver, ÚÁÎÉÍÁÀÔ
     EISA-ÓÌÏÔ ÎÏÍÅÒ 11, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×ÓÅ ``ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÅ'' ÓÌÏÔÙ EISA ÂÕÄÕÔ ÅÍÕ
     ÐÒÅÄÛÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ.  ôÁË ËÁË ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï ÄÌÑ ÓÌÏÔÏ× EISA ×ÙÛÅ 10
     ÐÅÒÅÓÅËÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÁÄÒÅÓÎÙÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×ÏÍ, ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÍ ÄÌÑ PCI, ÔÏ
     Á×ÔÏËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÔÏÒ FreeBSD × ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ
     ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ ÏÂÏÊÔÉ.</para>
  
<para>ôÁË ÞÔÏ ÐÏËÁ ÌÕÞÛÅÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÅÄÐÒÉÎÑÔØ, ÜÔÏ ÐÏÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ
     ÕËÁÚÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÐÅÒÅÓÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÏ× ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÎÅÔ :), ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×É× ÏÐÃÉÀ
     ÑÄÒÁ <symbol>EISA_SLOTS</symbol> × ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ 12.  ïÔËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÕÊÔÅ É ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ
     ÑÄÒÏ ÔÁË, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × <ulink URL="../../handbook/kernelconfig.html">ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á</ulink> Ï ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
  
<para>ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ÜÔÏ ÄÁÓÔ ×ÁÍ ÔÉÐÉÞÎÕÀ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ "ËÕÒÉÃÁ ÉÌÉ ÑÊÃÏ"
     ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÁ ÔÁËÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ.  äÌÑ ÏÂÈÏÄÁ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ
     ×ÎÕÔÒÉ <emphasis>UserConfig</emphasis> ÅÓÔØ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÊ ÈÁË.  îÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ
     ``×ÉÚÕÁÌØÎÏÇÏ'' ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ, Á ÔÏÌØËÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ,
     ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        eisa 12
        quit
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>× ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ, É ÐÒÏÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ.  ÷ ÌÀÂÏÍ
     ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÏÔËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÕÅÔÅ É ÐÒÏÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÕÅÔÅ
     ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ. ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?dset">dset</ulink> × ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ
     ×ÒÅÍÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÔØ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ.</para>
  
<para>îÁÄÅÅÍÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÂÕÄÕÝÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÐÏÌÎÏÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ
     ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.</para>
  
<para><emphasis remap=tt>úáíåþáîéå:</emphasis> ÷Ù ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÅÖÉÍ
     <emphasis remap=bf>dangerously dedicated</emphasis> ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ HP
     Netserver.  ðÏÌÎÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÉÞÉÎ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ × 
     <link linkend="dedicate">ÜÔÏÍ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÉ</link>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>þÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË Ó IDE-ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÏÍ CMD640?</para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÏÔ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÊ.  ïÎ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÎÁ
     ÏÂÏÉÈ ËÁÎÁÌÁÈ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ.</para>
  
<para>òÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ É ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, ÅÓÌÉ
     × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÝÕÅÔÓÑ ÜÔÏÔ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ.  ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ
     ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÍÕ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÕ (man 4 wd).</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕÖÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔÅ Ó FreeBSD 2.2.1 ÉÌÉ 2.2.2 Ó IDE-ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÏÍ
     CMD640 É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ËÁÎÁÌ, ÐÏÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ Ó
     ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÅÊ <emphasis remap=tt>options "CMD640"</emphasis>.  ÷ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2.2.6 É ×ÙÛÅ ÜÔÏ
     ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>÷ÙÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÔÉÐÁ ``<emphasis remap=tt>ed1: timeout</emphasis>''.</para></question><answer>

<para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÏ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÏÍ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÊ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, Ä×ÕÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×,
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÈ ÏÄÉÎ É ÔÏÔ ÖÅ IRQ).  FreeBSD ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2.0.5R ÂÙÌÁ
     ÎÅÞÕ×ÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÁ Ë ÔÁËÉÍ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÁÍ, É ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÁÄÁÐÅÔÒÁ
     ÏÓÔÁ×ÁÌÓÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÅÎ ÄÁÖÅ ÐÒÉ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÁÈ IRQ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
     2.0.5R É ×ÙÛÅ, ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÙ IRQ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÓÞÉÔÁÀÔÓÑ ÂÅÚÏÂÉÄÎÙÍÉ.  
     úÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅÓØ Ó ÏÐÃÉÅÊ -c É ÓÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ, ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÝÕÀ ed0/de0/...
     ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ..</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÒÁÚß£Í BNC ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ, ÔÁÊÍÁÕÔÙ
     ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÙ ÐÌÏÈÉÍ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ.  þÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ
     ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÔÏÒ Ë ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÕ (ÂÅÚ ËÁÂÅÌÑ) É
     ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ, ÎÅ ÉÓÞÅÚÌÉ ÌÉ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ.</para>
  
<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ NE2000-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ×ÙÄÁÀÔ ÔÁËÕÀ ÏÛÉÂËÕ, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅÔ
     Ó×ÑÚÉ ÐÏ UTP-ÐÏÒÔÕ ÉÌÉ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎ ËÁÂÅÌØ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÒÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ, ×ÙÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ
        ``Incorrect super block''.
      </para></question><answer>

<para>÷ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount">mount</ulink> ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ
     ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÔÉÐ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÅÓØ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ.  ðÏ
     ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount">mount</ulink> ÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÅÍÁÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÔÉÐ 
     ``<emphasis remap=tt>ufs</emphasis>''.  ðÒÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ CDROM ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ
     ÏÐÃÉÀ ``<option>-t cd9660</option>'' × ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount">mount</ulink>.  ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ
     ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ CDROM ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÁ
     ISO 9660, ËÁË ÎÁ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å CDROM.  ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 1.1R FreeBSD Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
     ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ£Ô ÔÁËÖÅ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ Rock Ridge (ÄÌÑ ÄÌÉÎÎÙÈ ÉͣΠÆÁÊÌÏ×).</para>
  
<para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï CDROM
     ``<filename>/dev/cd0c</filename>'', × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/mnt</filename>, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
     ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á (``<filename>/dev/cd0c</filename>'' × ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ)
     ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ CDROM.
     ïÔÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÏÐÃÉÑ ``<option>-t cd9660</option>'' ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ×ÙÚÏ×Õ
     ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ``<symbol>mount_cd9660</symbol>'', ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ×ÙÛÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
     ÕËÏÒÏÞÅÎ ÄÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        mount_cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÒÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÙÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ
        ``Device not configured''.
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ × ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÅ CDROM ÎÅÔ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ ÌÉÂÏ
     ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÏ ÎÁ ÜÔÁÐÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.  ÷ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ×
     ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ ËÁËÏÊ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÄÉÓË, É/ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÅÇÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ ËÁË
     ×ÅÄÕÝÅÇÏ/×ÅÄÏÍÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÏ ÔÉÐÁ IDE (ATAPI).  äÌÑ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÁ
     CDROM ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÅËÕÎÄ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ, ÞÔÏ ÂÙÌ
     ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÉÓË, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÂÕÄØÔÅ ÔÅÒÐÅÌÉ×ÙÍÉ.</para>
  
<para>éÎÏÇÄÁ SCSI CDROM ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔËÁ
     ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÎÁ ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÐÒÉ ÓÂÒÏÓÅ ÛÉÎÙ.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ CD-ROM Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
     SCSI-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ, ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÔÁËÏÊ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ × ×ÁÛ
     ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ É ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÅÇÏ.</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        options "SCSI_DELAY=15"
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        íÏÊ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒ ÐÅÞÁÔÁÅÔ ÎÅ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ.  þÔÏ ÔÕÔ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎ Ë ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÒÔÕ, É ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÊ
     ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÅÇÏ ÍÅÄÌÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ, ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÒÔ ×
     ÒÅÖÉÍ ``polled'':</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        lptcontrol -p
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>õÔ×ÅÒÖÄÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÏ×ÅÊÛÉÅ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÙ ÏÔ HP ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ
     ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÊ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÉÚ-ÚÁ (ÜÔÏ ÅÝ£ ÎÅ ÓÏ×ÓÅÍ
     ÔÏÞÎÏ ×ÙÑÎÅÎÏ) ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÁÍÉ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÁÀÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ Ó ÏÛÉÂËÏÊ ``Signal 11''.
      </para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÏ ÓÂÏÑÍÉ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ (ÐÁÍÑÔØ,
     ÍÁÔÅÒÉÎÓËÁÑ ÐÌÁÔÁ, ÉÔÄ).  ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ ðë ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ
     ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  éÍÅÊÔÅ × ×ÉÄÕ, ÞÔÏ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÅÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ
     ÏÔËÌÏÎÅÎÉÊ × ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
     ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ, ÂÕÄÕÔ ÕÔ×ÅÒÖÄÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ Ó
     ïúõ ×Ó£ × ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ, Á ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÔØ ÐÒÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÈ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑÈ 
     (ÔÁËÉÈ, ËÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ DMA ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
     ÛÉÎÏÊ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÏÍ SCSI ÔÉÐÁ Adaptec 1542, ÉÎÔÅÎÓÉ×ÎÏÅ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÅ Ë
     ïúõ ÐÒÉ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÉÌÉ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ).</para>
  
<para>÷ FAQ ÐÏ SIG11 (ÓÓÙÌËÁ ÄÁÎÁ ÎÉÖÅ) ÓËÁÚÁÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÁÑ ÐÁÍÑÔØ
     Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÁÑ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁΣÎÎÏÊ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.
     õ×ÅÌÉÞØÔÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÔÁËÔÏ× ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ × ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ BIOS ÉÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ
     ÂÙÓÔÒÕÀ ÐÁÍÑÔØ.</para>
  
<para>äÌÑ ÍÅÎÑ ÓÁÍÏÊ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁΣÎÎÏÊ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÂÙÌÁ ÓÂÏÊÎÁÑ ËÜÛ-ÐÁÍÑÔØ
     ÉÌÉ ËÜÛ-ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ.  ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ËÜÛ (×ÔÏÒÏÇÏ
     ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ) × BIOS É ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ, ÎÅ ÒÅÛÉÔ ÌÉ ÜÔÏ ×ÁÛÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ.</para>
  
<para>ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÕ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ × <ulink URL="http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/">FAQ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÅ SIG11</ulink>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÍÏÎÉÔÏÒ ÔÅÍÎÅÅÔ É ÔÅÒÑÅÔ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÀ!
      </para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ×ÉÄÅÏÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÍÉ ATI Mach 64.  ïÎÁ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÁ
     ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÁÄÒÅÓ <emphasis remap=tt>2e8</emphasis>, ËÁË É ÞÅÔ×£ÒÔÙÊ
     ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ.  éÚ-ÚÁ ÏÛÉÂËÉ (ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ?) × ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÅ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio">sio.c</ulink>
     ÏÎ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÐÏÒÔÕ, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ, É <emphasis remap=bf>ÄÁÖÅ</emphasis>
     ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔÅ sio3 (ÞÅÔ×£ÒÔÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ), ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ,
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÜÔÏÔ ÁÄÒÅÓ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ.</para>
  
<para>ðÏËÁ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ:</para>
  
<para>     
<orderedlist>

<listitem>
<para>÷ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÎÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ <option>-c</option>.  (üÔÏ ÐÅÒÅ×ÅÄ£Ô
       ÑÄÒÏ × ÒÅÖÉÍ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ).

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ïÔËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á <emphasis remap=tt>sio0</emphasis>, <emphasis remap=tt>sio1</emphasis>, <emphasis remap=tt>sio2</emphasis> É
       <emphasis remap=tt>sio3</emphasis> (×ÓÅ).  ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ sio ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÁËÔÉ×ÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
       É ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ.

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>äÌÑ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ exit.
     </para>
</listitem>

</orderedlist>
</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ, ×Í ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
     ÐÏÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÓÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÍÏÖÉÆÉËÁÃÉÅÊ: × ÆÁÊÌÅ
     <filename>/usr/src/sys/i386/isa/sio.c</filename> ÎÁÊÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÕÀ
     ÞÉÓÌÏ <literal>0x2e8</literal> É ÕÄÁÌÉÔŠţ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÐÒÅÄÛÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÚÁÐÑÔÏÊ
     (ÏÓÔÁ×É× ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÚÁ ÎÉÍ).  ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑÍ
     ÐÏ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÀ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
  
<para>äÁÖÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ X Window ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ
     ÎÅÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ.  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÏ×ÅÊÛÉÅ ×ÉÄÅÏÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ATI Mach 64 (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
     ATI Mach Xpression) ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÅÊ
     <emphasis remap=tt>XFree86</emphasis>; ÜËÒÁÎ ÔÅÍÎÅÅÔ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ X Window
     ÉÌÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÒÁÎÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÂÅÔÁ-×ÅÒÓÉÀ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ
     X-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÌÕÞÛÅ, Ó 
     <ulink URL="http://www.xfree86.org/">ÓÁÊÔÁ XFree86</ulink>,
     ÐÅÒÅÊÄÑ ÐÏ ÓÓÙÌËÅ, ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÝÅÊ ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÙÊ
     ÂÅÔÁ-ÒÅÌÉÚ.  ÷ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÙ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ:</para>
  
<para><emphasis remap=tt>AccelCards, BetaReport, Cards, Devices, FILES, README.ati,
     README.FreeBSD, README.Mach64, RELNOTES, VGADriver.Doc,
     X312BMa64.tgz</emphasis></para>
  
<para>úÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÏ×ÙÍÉ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÍÉ É ÎÅ ÚÁÂÕÄØÔÅ ÓÎÏ×Á ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&amp;query=xf86config">xf86config</ulink>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question
id="reallybigram">
<para>        õ ÍÅÎÑ 128 íâ ïúõ, ÎÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ 64.
        
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ôÁË ËÁË ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÂߣÍÁ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ FreeBSD ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ
     BIOS, ÏÎÁ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÁ 16 ÂÉÔÁÍÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍÉ ÄÌÑ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ
     ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ïúõ × ËÉÌÏÂÁÊÔÁÈ (65535 ëâ = 64íâ) (ÉÌÉ ÍÅÎØÛÅ... ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
     BIOS ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÀÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÄÏ 16íâ).  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÞÅÍ 64íâ
     ïúõ, FreeBSD ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ÐÁÍÑÔØ; ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÜÔÁ ÐÏÐÙÔËÁ
     ÍÏÖÅÔ É ÎÅ ÕÄÁÓÔØÓÑ).</para>
  
<para>äÌÑ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÐÃÉÀ ÑÄÒÁ,
     ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÕÀ ÎÉÖÅ.  óÐÏÓÏÂ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÉÚ BIOS
     ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ, ÎÏ Õ ÎÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ × ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÍ ÂÌÏËÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ.
     ëÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÎÅÈ×ÁÔËÉ ÍÅÓÔÁ × ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÂÌÏËÁÈ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÅÛÅÎÁ, ÍÙ
     ÂÕÄÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ BIOS ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ
     ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÐÁÍÑÔÉ... ÎÏ ÐÏËÁ ÍÙ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉÓØ ÎÁ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
  
<para>     <literal>       options "MAXMEM=&lt;n&gt;"
     </literal></para>
  
<para>úÄÅÓØ <emphasis remap=tt>n</emphasis> - ÜÔÏ ÏÂß£Í ÐÁÍÑÔÉ × ËÉÌÏÂÁÊÔÁÈ. äÌÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÓÏ 128 íâ
     ïúõ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <emphasis remap=tt>131072</emphasis>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        FreeBSD 2.0 Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÁÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ Ó ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅÍ
        ``kmem_map too small!''
      </para></question><answer>

<para><emphasis remap=tt>úÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ</emphasis> óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ËÁË
     ``mb_map too small!''</para>
  
<para>ôÁËÏÅ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅ È×ÁÔÁÅÔ
     ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÂÕÆÅÒÏ× (ÔÏÞÎÅÅ, ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒ mbuf). ÷Ù
     ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒ mbuf,
     ÄÏÂÁ×É×:</para>
  
<para><literal>options "NMBCLUSTERS=&lt;n&gt;"</literal></para>
  
<para>× ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÇÄÅ &lt;n&gt; - ÜÔÏ ÞÉÓÌÏ × ÐÒÅÄÅÌÁÈ
     512-4096, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÞÉÓÌÁ TCP-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ
     ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ.  ñ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÀ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ 2048 -
     ÜÔÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÉÚÂÁ×ÉÔØ ×ÁÓ ÏÔ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÈ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï×.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÔØ
     ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒ mbuf, ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ/ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat">netstat -m</ulink>.  úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ NMBCLUSTERS ÒÁ×ÎÏ 
     <emphasis remap=tt>512 + MAXUSERS * 16</emphasis>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ``CMAP busy panic'' ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ Ó ÎÏ×ÙÍ ÑÄÒÏÍ.
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÁÒÅ×ÛÉÈ ÆÁÌÏ× <filename>/var/db/kvm_*.db</filename>
     ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÄÁ£Ô ÓÂÏÊ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÎÅ ÔÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÊ
     ÏÓÔÁÎÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÓÌÕÞÉÌÏÓØ, ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅÓØ × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ
     É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        rm /var/db/kvm_*.db
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ahc0: brkadrint,  Illegal Host Access at seqaddr 0x0</para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÏ - ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÁ ÓÏ SCSI-ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏÍ Ultrastor. </para>
  
<para>÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ×ÏÊÄÉÔÅ × ÍÅÎÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ É ×ÙËÌÀÞÉÔÅ
     ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?uha(4)">uha0</ulink>, Ñ×ÌÑÀÝÅÅÓÑ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÏÍ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>Sendmail ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÔ, ÞÔÏ ``mail loops back to myself''</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ FAQ ÐÏ sendmail ÎÁ ÜÔÏ ÄÁÎ ÔÁËÏÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ:-</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        * ÷ÙÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ "Local configuration error", ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁËÉÅ:

        553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself
        554 &lt;user@domain.net&gt;... Local configuration error

        ëÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ?

        óÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍ MX, ÐÏÞÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ (ÓËÁÖÅÍ, domain.net) ÂÙÌÁ
        ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÁ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ (× ÎÁÛÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ relay.domain.net),
        ÎÏ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ£ÔÓÑ ËÁË domain.net.  äÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ domain.net ×
        ÆÁÊÌ /etc/sendmail.cw (ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ FETURE(use_cw_file)) ÉÌÉ
        ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ "Cw domain.net" × /etc/sendmail.cf.
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>ôÅËÕÝÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ <ulink URL="ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq">FAQ ÐÏ sendmail</ulink> ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó sendmail.
     ïÄÎÁËÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÅÔÓÑ × ËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÉ
     <ulink URL="news:comp.mail.sendmail">comp.mail.sendmail</ulink>,
     <ulink URL="news:comp.mail.misc">comp.mail.misc</ulink>,
     <ulink URL="news:comp.mail.smail">comp.mail.smail</ulink>,
     <ulink URL="news:comp.answers">comp.answers</ulink> É
     <ulink URL="news:news.answers">news.answers</ulink>.
     ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ËÏÐÉÀ ÐÏ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÅ, ÐÏÓÌÁ× ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ,
     ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ "send usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq" × ÔÅÌÅ
     ÐÉÓØÍÁ, × ÁÄÒÅÓ <ulink URL="mailto:mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu">mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu</ulink>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÏÌÎÏÜËÒÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ×ÅÄÕÔ ÓÅÂÑ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ!
     </para></question><answer>

<para>îÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÔÉÐ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÅÎ × ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ,
     ÏÔÌÉÞÎÏÅ ÏÔ ÔÉÐÁ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ <emphasis remap=tt>cons25</emphasis>,
     ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÏÍ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ FreeBSD.</para>
  
<para>åÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÈ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ:</para>
  
<para>
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ×ÈÏÄÁ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
     ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ TERM ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ <emphasis remap=tt>ansi</emphasis> ÉÌÉ
     <emphasis remap=tt>sco</emphasis>, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÚÎÁÅÔ ÏÂ ÜÔÉÈ
     ÔÉÐÁÈ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÏ×.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÜÍÕÌÑÔÏÒ VT100 ÔÉÐÁ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/ports.cgi?screen-">screen</ulink> 
     ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ FreeBSD. <emphasis remap=tt>screen</emphasis> ÄÁ£Ô ×ÁÍ
     ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÔËÒÙ×ÁÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÈ ÓÅÁÎÓÏ× ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÅ, É ÏÎÁ
     ÉÍÅÅÔ ÅÝ£ ÒÑÄ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÈ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÅÊ. ëÁÖÄÏÅ ÏËÎÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
     <emphasis remap=tt>screen</emphasis> ×ÅÄ£Ô ÓÅÂÑ ËÁË ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ VT100, ÔÁË
     ÞÔÏ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ TERM ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ×
     ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <emphasis remap=tt>vt100</emphasis>.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ïÐÉÛÉÔÅ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ <emphasis remap=tt>cons25</emphasis> × ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
     ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÏ× ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ. óÐÏÓÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ ÎÁ ÜÔÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ
     ÞÔÅÎÉÅ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ× ÐÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>úÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ X-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÎÁ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÅ FreeBSD É ×ÏÊÄÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
     Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ËÁËÏÇÏ-ÌÉÂÏ ÜÍÕÌÑÔÏÒÁ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÇÏ × X Window, ÔÁËÏÇÏ,
     ËÁË <emphasis remap=tt>xterm</emphasis> ÉÌÉ <emphasis
     remap=tt>rxvt</emphasis>. ðÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ TERM ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ
     ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ × ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <emphasis
     remap=tt>xterm</emphasis> ÉÌÉ <emphasis remap=tt>vt100</emphasis>.</para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>         ÷Ù×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ "calcru: negative time..."
       </para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÍÉ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÍÉ
      ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍÉ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÍÉ Ó ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÑÍÉ.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Ó×ÑÚÁÎÏ ËÁË
      Ó ÏÛÉÂËÁÍÉ ÐÒÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ, ÔÁË É Ó ÐÒÉÒÏÄÏÊ ÓÁÍÉÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.
      îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁ Ó TCP/IP ÐÏ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÒÔÕ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
      ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ MTU ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÅ, ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
      ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÁËÓÅÌÅÒÁÔÏÒÏ×; × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ
      ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÊ ÎÁ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÅ.</para>
  
<para>ïÄÎÉÍ ÉÚ ÐÒÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÊ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ
      ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× Ó ÄÉÁÇÎÏÓÔÉÞÅÓËÉÍ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅÍ "SIGXCPU exceeded cpu time
      limit".</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÁ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÒÅÛÅÎÁ, ÄÌÑ FreeBSD 3.0 ÏÔ 29
      ÎÏÑÂÒÑ 1998 É ×ÙÛÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ:</para>
  
<para>
<literallayout>               sysctl -w kern.timecounter.method=1</literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>üÔÏ ËÏÓΣÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÏ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÑ ×Ï ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
      ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉË ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, ÜÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÅÚÁÍÅÔÎÏ.  åÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ×Ó£ ÅÝ£
      ÄÁ£Ô ÚÎÁÔØ Ï ÓÅÂÅ, ÏÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ ÅÄÉÎÉÞËÅ
      É Õ×ÅÌÉÞØÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ "NTIMECOUNTER" × ÆÁÊÌÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ
      ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ.  åÓÌÉ × ËÏÎÃÅ ËÏÎÃÏ× ×Ù ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÅÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
      "NTIMECOUNTER=20", ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÎÅ ÕÄÁÓÔÓÑ, ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÑ
      ÄÁÀÔ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉÔØ
      ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry></qandaset>
</chapter>


<chapter
id="commercial">
<title>ëÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ</title>

<para><emphasis remap=bf>úáíåþáîéå</emphasis> üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ
     ÚÁÂÒÏÛÅÎÎÙÍ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÍÙ,
     ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ ÖÅ, ÎÁÄÅÅÍÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÉ ÓÄÅÌÁÀÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ! :)  ðÒÏÅËÔ
     FreeBSD ÆÉÎÁÎÓÏ×Ï ÎÅ ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×ÁÎ × ÕÓÐÅÈÁÈ ÎÉËÁËÏÊ ÉÚ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
     ÚÄÅÓØ ÕÐÏÍÉÎÁÀÔÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ ÉÈ ÓÐÉÓÏË × ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÁÈ ÏÂÝÅÓÔ×Á (×
     ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÉ, ÞÔÏ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓ Ë FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÌÏÖÉÔÅÌØÎÏ
     ÐÏ×ÌÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÅ ÒÁÚ×ÉÔÉÅ FreeBSD).  íÙ ÐÒÏÓÉÍ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÏ×
     ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉÓÙÌÁÔØ ÎÁÍ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï
     ×ÁÛÉÈ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔÁÈ ÄÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ × ÜÔÏÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË.  âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË
     ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ <ulink 
     URL="../../commercial/commercial.html">ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ</ulink>.
     </para>
 

<qandaset><qandaentry><question>
<para>çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ËÕÐÉÔØ Motif ÄÌÑ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ × ÆÉÒÍÕ <link linkend="apps2go">Apps2go</link>, ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÀÝÕÀ
  ÓÁÍÙÊ ÄÅÛ£×ÙÊ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× Motif 2.1.20 ÄÌÑ FreeBSD (ËÁË ÄÌÑ i386, ÔÁË É ÄÌÑ
  Alpha) × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ ELF.<anchor id="apps2go"></para>
 
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ Ä×Á ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á, "ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×" ("development edition")
  É ÅÝ£ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÛ£×ÁÑ "×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ" ("runtime edition").  ÷ ÜÔÉ
  ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Ù ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ:

  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm.</para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para>ðÁËÅÔ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁ Ó uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ include
        É Imake.</para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para>óÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÅ É ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ELF-ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ (ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
        Ó FreeBSD 3.0 É ×ÙÛÅ).</para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para>äÅÍÏÎÓÔÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ.</para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
</para>
 
<para>ðÒÉ ÏÆÏÒÍÌÅÎÉÉ ÚÁËÁÚÁ ÎÅ ÚÁÂÕÄØÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÁ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ Motif
  ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD (ÎÅ ÚÁÂÕÄØÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÕ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ)!
  <emphasis>Apps2go</emphasis> ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏÄÁ£Ô ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÄÌÑ NetBSD É OpenBSD.  ÷
  ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÉÈ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏ FTP.</para>
 
<para>     
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ</term>
<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="http://www.apps2go.com/">WWW-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ Apps2go</ulink></para>
  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>ÉÌÉ</term>

<listitem>
<para>ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÙÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÏÔÄÅÌÏ× <ulink URL="mailto:sales@apps2go.com">ÐÒÏÄÁÖ</ulink> É <ulink URL="mailto:support@apps2go.com">ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ</ulink>.</para>
  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>ÉÌÉ</term>

<listitem>
<para>ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÙ (817) 431 8775  É +1 817 431-8775
     </para>
  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
  
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ × ÆÉÒÍÕ <link linkend="metrox">Metro Link</link> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
     ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á Motif 2.1 ÄÌÑ FreeBSD × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ ELF ÉÌÉ a.out.</para>
  
<para>÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ:
     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ðÁËÅÔ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁ Ó uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ include
     É Imake.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>óÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÅ É ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ (ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ELF ÄÌÑ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó FreeBSD 3.0 É ×ÙÛÅ; ÉÌÉ a.out ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
     FreeBSD 2.2.8 É ÒÁÎÅÅ).</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>äÅÍÏÎÓÔÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ.

        </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ðÒÅÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ.</para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
<para>ðÒÉ ÚÁËÁÚÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÏÔÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ Motif
     ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD! <emphasis>Metro Link</emphasis> ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔ
     ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÄÌÑ Linux. ïÎÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÎÁ CDROM ÉÌÉ ÄÌÑ ÓËÁÞÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏ FTP.</para>
  
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ × ÆÉÒÍÕ <link linkend="xig">Xi Graphics</link> ÚÁ
     ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÏÍ Motif 2.0 ÄÌÑ FreeBSD × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ a.out.</para>
  
<para>÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ:
     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ðÁËÅÔ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁ Ó uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ include
     É Imake.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>óÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÅ É ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ (ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó
     FreeBSD 2.2.8 É ÒÁÎÅÅ).</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>äÅÍÏÎÓÔÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ïÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ.</para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
<para>ðÒÉ ÚÁËÁÚÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ Motif ÉÍÅÎÎÏ
     ÄÌÑ FreeBSD!  <emphasis>Xi Graphics</emphasis> ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
     ÄÌÑ BSDI É Linux.  ÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÉÚ 4 ÄÉÓËÅÔ... × ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ
     ÜÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× ÎÁ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÅ, ËÁË ÉÈ CDE.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ËÕÐÉÔØ CDE ÄÌÑ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>æÉÒÍÁ <link linkend="xig">Xi Graphics</link> ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÌÁ CDE ÄÌÑ FreeBSD,
     ÎÏ ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔ × ÐÒÏÄÁÖÅ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ.</para>
 
<para><ulink URL="http://www.kde.org/">KDE</ulink> - ÜÔÏ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏ
     ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÅÍÙÊ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ ÄÅÓËÔÏÐÁ ÄÌÑ X11, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÏÍ ÐÏÈÏÖ ÎÁ
     CDE.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÌÉ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÅ ×ÙÓÏËÏÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ X-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ?
     </para></question><answer>

<para>äÁ, ÆÉÒÍÙ <ulink URL="http://www.xig.com/">Xi Graphics</ulink> É
     <ulink URL="http://www.metrolink.com/">Metro Link</ulink> ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÀÔ Ó×ÏÊ
     ÐÒÏÄÕËÔ Accelerated-X ÄÌÑ FreeBSD É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÎÁ ÂÁÚÅ Intel.</para>
  
<para>Metro Link ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔ ×ÙÓÏËÏÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ X-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ
     ÐÒÅÄÕÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÁ ÕÐÒÏÝ£ÎÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ
     ÕÔÉÌÉÔ FreeBSD ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÐÜËÜÄÖÁÍÉ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ
     ×ÉÄÅÏÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ É ÏÎ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÂÉÎÁÒÎÏÍ ×ÉÄÅ,
     ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÍ ÐÏ FTP.  îÅÌØÚÑ ÎÅ ÏÔÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ Metro Link ÐÒÏÄÁ£Ô ×Ó£ ÜÔÏ
     ÐÏ ÏÞÅÎØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÊ ÃÅÎÅ × 39 ÄÏÌÌÁÒÏ×.<anchor id="metrox"></para>
  
<para>Metro Link ÐÒÏÄÁ£Ô ÔÁËÖÅ Motif ÄÌÑ FreeBSD × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ ELF É a.out
     (ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ×ÙÛÅ).</para>
  
<para>     
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ</term>
<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="http://www.metrolink.com/">WWW-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ Metro Link</ulink></para>
 
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>ÉÌÉ</term>

<listitem>
<para>ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÙ ÏÔÄÅÌÏ× <ulink 
     URL="mailto:sales@metrolink.com">ÐÒÏÄÁÖ</ulink> É <ulink
     URL="mailto:tech@metrolink.com">ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ</ulink>.</para>
  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>ÉÌÉ</term>

<listitem>
<para>ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÙ (954) 938-0283 É +1 954 938-0283
     </para>
  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
  
<para>Xi Graphics ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔ ×ÙÓÏËÏÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ X-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
     ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÓÔÕÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ×ÉÄÅÏÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×
     É ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÂÉÎÁÒÎÏÊ ÆÏÒÍÅ, × ÆÏÒÍÅ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÇÏ
     ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD É Linux.  Xi Graphics ÔÁËÖÅ
     ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔ ×ÙÓÏËÏÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ X-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×
     ËÌÁÓÓÁ laptop.<anchor id="xig"></para>
  
<para>äÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ ÂÅÓÐÌÁÔÎÁÑ "ÄÅÍÏÎÓÔÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ" ×ÅÒÓÉÑ 5.0.</para>
  
<para>Xi Graphics ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔ Motif É CDE ÄÌÑ FreeBSD (ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ×ÙÛÅ).</para>
  
<para>     
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ</term>
<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="http://www.xig.com/">Xi Graphics WWW page</ulink></para>
  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>ÉÌÉ</term>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="mailto:sales@xig.com">Sales</ulink> ÉÌÉ
       <ulink URL="mailto:support@xig.com">Support</ulink> ÐÏ email.</para>
  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>ÉÌÉ</term>

<listitem>
<para>ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎ (800) 946 7433  ÉÌÉ +1 303 298-7478.
     </para>
  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÌÉ óõâä ÄÌÑ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>äÁ! ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <ulink
     URL="../commercial/software_bycat.html#CATEGORY_DATABASE">ðÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÉ
     ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ</ulink> ÎÁ ×ÅÂ-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ FreeBSD.</para>

<para>ôÁËÖÅ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ <ulink URL="../ports/databases.html">
     âÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ</ulink> ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ Oracle ÎÁ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>äÁ. òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ÐÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ Linux-Oracle ÎÁ FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
       ÐÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍ:</para>
  
<para>       
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="http://www.scc.nl/~marcel/howto-oracle.html">http://www.scc.nl/~marcel/howto-oracle.html</ulink>

         </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="http://www.lf.net/lf/pi/oracle/install-linux-oracle-on-freebsd">http://www.lf.net/lf/pi/oracle/install-linux-oracle-on-freebsd</ulink>
       </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry></qandaset>
</chapter>


<chapter
id="applications">
<title>ðÒÉËÌÁÄÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ</title>


<qandaset><qandaentry><question>
<para>éÔÁË, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÉËÌÁÄÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ?</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÚÁÇÌÑÎÉÔÅ ÎÁ
     <ulink URL="../../ports/">ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÐÏÒÔÏ×</ulink>, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ
     Ï ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔÁÈ, ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓ£ÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÄ FreeBSD.  îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×
     ÜÔÏÍ ÓÐÉÓËÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ 1800 ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ É ÏÎ ÅÖÅÄÎÅ×ÎÏ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ,
     ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÐÏÞÁÝÅ ÔÕÄÁ ÚÁÇÌÑÄÙ×ÁÊÔÅ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÄÐÉÛÉÔÅÓØ ÎÁ <link
     linkend="mailing">ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ</link> <emphasis
     remap=tt>freebsd-announce</emphasis>, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÕÂÌÉËÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ
     Ï ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ.</para>
  
<para>âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÏ ÄÌÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ 2.2, 3.x É 4.0, É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ
     ÎÉÈ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ 2.1.x.  ðÒÉ ×ÙÈÏÄÅ
     ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ FreeBSD × ÎÅÇÏ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>ports/</filename>
     ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÁËÔÕÁÌØÎÁÑ ÎÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
  
<para>íÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍ ËÏÎÃÅÐÃÉÀ ``ÐÁËÁÄÖÁ'', Ñ×ÌÑÀÝÅÇÏÓÑ ÎÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ
     ÞÅÍ ÕÐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÏÍ × ÂÉÎÁÒÎÏÊ ÆÏÒÍÅ Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ
     ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÐÏ ÅÇÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ðÁËÁÄÖ
     ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÌÅÇËÏ ÐÒÏÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎ É ÄÅÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÓÎÏ×Á ÂÅÚ ÕÇÌÕÂÌÅÎÉÑ
     × ÄÅÔÁÌÉ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁËÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ.</para>
  
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÍÅÎÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ × <filename>/stand/sysinstall</filename>
     (× ÐÕÎËÔÅ ÍÅÎÀ post-configuration) ÉÌÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÊÔÅ
     <command>pkg_add(1)</command> Ó ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× Ó ÐÁËÁÄÖÁÍÉ,
     ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÒÏÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ.  æÁÊÌÙ Ó ÐÁËÁÄÖÁÍÉ, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ,
     ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÉÈ ÐÏÓÔÆÉËÓÕ <filename>.tgz</filename>, Á ÄÌÑ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ
     ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÁ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÅ, ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
     <filename>packages/All</filename>, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÊ ×ÓÅ ÜÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ.  ïÎÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ
     ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÙ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ FreeBSD ÓÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×:</para>
  
<para>     
  <variablelist>
    <varlistentry><term>ÄÌÑ 2.2.8-RELEASE/2.2.8-STABLE</term>
      <listitem>
        <para><ulink URL="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-2.2.8/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-2.2.8/</ulink></para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry><term>ÄÌÑ 3.X-RELEASE/3.X-STABLE</term>
      <listitem>
        <para><ulink URL="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-3-stable/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-3-stable/</ulink></para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry><term>ÄÌÑ 4.0-CURRENT</term>
      <listitem>
        <para><ulink URL="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-3.0/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-3.0/</ulink></para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
  </variablelist>
</para>
 
<para>ÉÌÉ Ó ÂÌÉÖÁÊÛÅÇÏ Ë ×ÁÍ ÚÅÒËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.</para>
  
<para>éÍÅÊÔÅ × ×ÉÄÕ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ × ×ÉÄÅ
     ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÉÄ£Ô ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ. îÅÐÌÏÈÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÔ
     ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÔØ, ËÁËÉÅ ÐÁËÁÄÖÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ
     <ulink URL="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp.FreeBSD.org</ulink>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>çÄÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÕ libc.so.3.0?</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÈÏÖÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÐÙÔÁÅÔÅÓØ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÐÁËÁÄÖ ÄÌÑ 2.2/3.x/4.0 ÎÁ 
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2.1.x. ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ É
     ÎÁÊÄÉÔÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÒÔ ÉÌÉ ÐÁËÁÄÖ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question
id="emul">
<para>        ghostscript ×ÙÄÁ£Ô ÍÁÓÓÕ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ ÎÁ ÍÏ£Í 386/486SX.
      </para></question><answer>

<para>õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÓÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ, ×ÅÒÎÏ?  ÷ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ × ÑÄÒÏ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ
     ÅÍÕÌÑÔÏÒ ÓÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ; ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ × ÆÁÊÌ
     ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ É ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÅÇÏ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÅÊ.</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        options GPL_MATH_EMULATE
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para><emphasis remap=bf>úáíåþáîéå</emphasis> åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÓÔÕÐÁÅÔÅ ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ
     ÕÂÒÁÔØ ÏÐÃÉÀ <symbol>MATH_EMULATE</symbol>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ SCO/iBCS2, ÏÎ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ <emphasis remap=tt>socksys</emphasis>.
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÒÅÖÄÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename>
     (ÉÌÉ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)">/etc/rc.conf</ulink>), ÉÚÍÅÎÉ× × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ
     ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÎÁ <acronym>YES</acronym>:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        # Set to YES if you want ibcs2 (SCO) emulation loaded at startup
        ibcs2=NO
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>üÔÏ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ibcs2">ibcs2</ulink>
     ÎÁ ÜÔÁÐÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
  
<para>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ /compat/ibcs2/dev ÔÁË, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎ
     ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÌ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel         9 Oct 15 22:20 X0R@ -&gt; /dev/null
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel         7 Oct 15 22:20 nfsd@ -&gt; socksys
-rw-rw-r--  1 root  wheel         0 Oct 28 12:02 null
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel         9 Oct 15 22:20 socksys@ -&gt; /dev/null
crw-rw-rw-  1 root  wheel   41,   1 Oct 15 22:14 spx
      </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>òÁÂÏÔÁ Ó socksys ÂÙÌÁ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÁ ÐÏ ÓÔÁ×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó ÂÏÌÅÅ ÒÁÎÎÉÍÉ
  ×ÅÒÓÉÑÍÉ.  Socksys ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÎÁ <ulink 
  URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?null(4)">/dev/null</ulink>, ÞÔÏÂÙ
  ÏÂÍÁÎÕÔØ open &amp; close.  ëÏÄ, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊÓÑ × -CURRENT, ×ÏÚØÍ£Ô ÎÁ ÓÅÂÑ ×Ó£
  ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÏÅ.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÅÎ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <emphasis remap=tt>spx</emphasis> ÄÌÑ
  ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ X ÐÏ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ÓÏËÅÔÕ, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ
  <symbol>SPX_HACK</symbol> ÐÒÉ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>


<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ INN (Internet News) ÎÁ ÍÏÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÑÃÉÉ ÐÁËÁÄÖÁ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÄÌÑ inn, ÄÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÚÁÇÌÑÎÉÔÅ
     ÎÁ <ulink URL="http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~barr/INN.html">ÓÔÒÁÎÉÞËÕ äÜÊ×Á âÜÒÒÁ</ulink> (Dave Barr), ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÕÀ INN, ÇÄÅ ×Ù
     ÎÁÊÄ£ÔÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ FAQ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>       ëÁËÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ Microsoft FrontPage Ñ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ?
     </para></question><answer>

<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊ ÐÏÒÔ, ÄÕÒÁÞÏË! óÒÅÄÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ Apache Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ
     FrontPage.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ FreeBSD ÓÒÅÄÕ Java?</para></question><answer>

<para>äÁ. ðÏÓÅÔÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ <ulink 
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/java/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/java/</ulink>.
     </para>

</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÎÅ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÍÏÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
  Ó 3.X-STABLE?</para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ FreeBSD ×ÅÒÓÉÉ, ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÏÔÓÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÏÔ -CURRENT ÉÌÉ
     -STABLE, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÅÎ ÐÁËÅÔ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/</ulink>.
     åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ×ÓÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÔÏ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ËÔÏ-ÔÏ ×ΣÓ
     ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÐÏÒÔ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÏÎ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ × -CURRENT, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ×
     -STABLE.  ôÁË ËÁË ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
     ËÁË × ×ÅÔËÅ -CURRENT, ÔÁË É × ×ÅÔ×É -STABLE, ÔÏ, ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÐÏÛÌÉÔÅ
     ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÂ ÜÔÏÊ ÏÛÉÂËÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>send-pr(1)</command>.
     </para>

</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
      <para>çÄÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ld.so?</para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ aout
     ÔÉÐÁ Netscape Navigator ÎÁ Elf-ÍÁÛÉÎÅ, ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË 3.1-R É ×ÙÛÅ,
     ÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ /usr/libexec/ld.so É ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ ×
     ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ aout. ïÎÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× ËÁË compat22.
     úÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ /stand/sysinstall ÉÌÉ install.sh × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ compat22, ÞÔÏÂÙ
     ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔ.  ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÙ ERRATA ÏÔ
     3.1-R É 3.2-R.</para>

</answer></qandaentry></qandaset>
</chapter>


<chapter
id="kernelconfig">
<title>ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÑÄÒÁ</title>


<qandaset><qandaentry><question
id="make-kernel">
<para>        ñ ÈÏÞÕ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÑÄÒÁ. üÔÏ ÓÌÏÖÎÏ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>÷Ï×ÓÅ ÎÅÔ! ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <ulink URL="../../handbook/kernelconfig.html">ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ</ulink> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÓ×ÑݣΠÜÔÏÍÕ
     ×ÏÐÒÏÓÕ.</para>
  
<para><emphasis remap=bf>úáíåþáîéå:</emphasis> òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ËÏÐÉÀ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ ×
     ÆÁÊÌ <filename>kernel.YYMMDD</filename> ÐÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ,
     ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÒÁÚ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÒÔÉÔÅ ÞÔÏ-ÌÉÂÏ ×
     ×ÁÛÅÍ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÇÌÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÜÔÏ ÑÄÒÏ, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÔÏÇÏ,
     ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÔØ ÓÎÏ×Á Ó <filename>kernel.GENERIC</filename>.  üÔÏ, × ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÉÍÅÅÔ
     ÓÍÙÓÌ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
     ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÍ ÑÄÒÅ GENERIC (ÉÚ ÍÏÅÇÏ ÌÉÞÎÏÇÏ
     ÏÐÙÔÁ).</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ñ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÑÄÒÏ. ïÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
        <symbol>_hw_float</symbol>.
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÚ×ÏÌØÔÅ ÍÎÅ ÕÇÁÄÁÔØ.  ÷Ù, ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÏÅ, ÕÄÁÌÉÌÉ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?npx(4)">npx0</ulink> ÉÚ
     ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÓÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ, ÄÁ?
     á ×ÏÔ É ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ! :-)   óÔÒÏËÁ <emphasis remap=tt>npx0</emphasis>
     <emphasis remap=bf>ïâñúáôåìøîá</emphasis>.  äÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ
     ÍÁÔÅÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÓÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ, ×Ù <emphasis remap=bf>ÄÏÌÖÎÙ</emphasis>
     ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ <emphasis remap=tt>npx0</emphasis>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÏÎÆÌÉËÔÙ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÊ ÐÒÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÉ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÒÔÏ×Ùx
        ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×.
      </para></question><answer>

<para><emphasis remap=bf>Q.</emphasis> ëÏÇÄÁ Ñ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÀ ÑÄÒÏ Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÒÔÏ×ÙÈ
     ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×, ÓÏÏÂÝÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÂÕÄÅÔ
     ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, Á ×ÓÅ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÏ×
     ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÊ.  ëÁË ÜÔÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ?</para>
  
<para><emphasis remap=bf>A.</emphasis> ðÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ï FreeBSD ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎ ËÏÄ,
     ÐÒÅÄÏÈÒÁÎÑÀÝÉÊ ÑÄÒÏ ÏÔ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÈ É ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÈ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÏ×. ÷ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ
     ÕÂÒÁÔØ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ IRQ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÒÔÁÈ, ËÒÏÍÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        #
        # ÷ÙÓÏËÏÓËÏÒÏÓÔÎÏÊ ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ - 16550 UARTS
        #
        device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr
        device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
        device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
        device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÎÁËÏÐÉÔÅÌÅÊ QIC-40/80?</para></question><answer>

<para>òÁÓËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÆÁÊÌÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÇÏ
     ÑÄÒÁ (ÉÌÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÅÅ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ), ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ
     ``<literal>flags 0x1</literal>'' Ë ÓÔÒÏËÅ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÊ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?fdc(4)">fdc</ulink> É ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ.</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>controller  fdc0  at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 flags 0x1 vector fdintr
disk        fd0   at fdc0 drive 0                       ^^^^^^^^^
disk        fd1   at fdc0 drive 1
#tape       ft0   at fdc0 drive 2
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>úÁÔÅÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ <filename>/dev/ft0</filename>, ÐÅÒÅÊÄÑ ×
     ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/dev</filename> É ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        sh ./MAKEDEV ft0
      </literallayout>
</para>

<para>ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, <emphasis remap=tt>ft1</emphasis> ÄÌÑ ×ÔÏÒÏÇÏ É
     ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.</para>
 
<para>õ ×ÁÓ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ <filename>/dev/ft0</filename>, ÎÁ
     ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓØ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
     ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ, ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÝÅÊÓÑ ``<emphasis remap=tt>ft</emphasis>'' - ÚÁ
     ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ft">ft</ulink>.</para>
 
<para>÷ÅÒÓÉÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÒÅÄÛÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ <option>-CURRENT</option>,
     ÉÍÅÀÔ ÏÇÒÅÈÉ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ËÁÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ. åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÐÏÑ×ÉÌÉÓØ
     ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ, ËÏÇÄÁ <emphasis remap=tt>ft</emphasis> ÐÒÏËÒÕÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÅÎÔÕ
     ÔÕÄÁ-ÓÀÄÁ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ É ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÍÅÓÔÅ, ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ×ÚÑÔØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÀÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ
     ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ <emphasis remap=tt>ft</emphasis> Ó
     <filename>/usr/src/sbin/ft</filename> ÉÚ <option>-CURRENT</option> É
     ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ Å£.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry></qandaset>
</chapter>


<chapter
id="admin">
<title>óÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÅ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</title>


<qandaset><qandaentry><question>
<para>çÄÅ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÙ ÆÁÊÌÙ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</para></question><answer>

<para>äÌÑ FreeBSD ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÏÔ 2.0.5R ÄÏ 2.2.1R ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍ ÆÁÊÌÏÍ
     Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename>.  ÷ÓÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ
     ÚÄÅÓØ, Á ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc">/etc/rc</ulink>
     É <filename>/etc/netstart</filename> ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ.</para>
 
<para>ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename> É ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
     ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  ÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔÓÑ
     ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÉ, ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÝÉÅ ÓÍÙÓÌ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ É ÓÐÏÓÏ ÉÈ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ.</para>
 
<para>÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ×ÙÛÅ 2.2.1 É × 3.0 ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename>
     ÓÍÅÎÉÌ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÇÏ×ÏÒÑÝÅÅ ÓÁÍÏ ÚÁ ÓÅÂÑ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)">rc.conf</ulink>,
     ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÂÙÌ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎ.
     <filename>/etc/netstart</filename> ÔÏÖÅ ÂÙÌ ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ ×
     <filename>/etc/rc.network</filename>, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×ÓÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ
     ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓÔÉ ÏÄÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command><ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?cp">cp</ulink>
     /usr/src/etc/rc* /etc</command>.</para>
 
<para><filename>/etc/rc.local</filename> ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÌÑ
     ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÍÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÓÌÕÖÂ ÔÉÐÁ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^inn">INN</ulink> ÉÌÉ
     ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×.</para>
 
<para>æÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/rc.serial</filename> ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ
     ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË
     ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÉÔÄ).</para>
 
<para>æÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/rc.i386</filename> ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÙÈ
     ÄÌÑ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ Intel ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÔÁËÉÈ, ËÁË ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÑ iBCS2 ÉÌÉ
     ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ ðë.</para>
 
<para>îÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2.1.0R, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÍÅÔØ "ÍÅÓÔÎÙÅ" ÆÁÊÌÙ
     Á×ÔÏÚÁÐÕÓËÁ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÍ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename>
     (ÉÌÉ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>):</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        # Location of local startup files.
        local_startup=/usr/local/etc/rc.local.d
      </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, ÏËÁÎÞÉ×ÁÀÝÉÊÓÑ ÎÁ <filename>.sh</filename>, ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ ÎÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ
     × ÁÌÆÁ×ÉÔÎÏÍ ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ.</para>
 
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÑÄËÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÅ
     ÍÅÎÑÑ ÉͣΠÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÈÅÍÕ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÄÌÑ
     ÕÐÏÒÑÄÏÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÃÉÆÒÙ, ÐÒÅÄÛÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ.</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        10news.sh
        15httpd.sh
        20ssh.sh
      </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÂÅÚÏÂÒÁÚÎÏ (ËÁË SysV :-)), ÎÏ ÜÔÏ
     ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ É ÐÏÎÑÔÎÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÄÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÓÌÕÖ ÂÅÚ
     ÛÁÍÁÎÓÔ×Á Ó ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ <filename>/etc/rc.local</filename>.  íÎÏÇÉÅ
     ÐÏÒÔÙ/ÐÁËÁÄÖÉ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÔ, ÞÔÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
     <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename> ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ
     ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÍÙÈ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÐÒÏÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ?</para></question><answer>

<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <ulink 
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?adduser">adduser</ulink>.
     äÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?pw">pw</ulink>.</para>
 
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rmuser">rmuser</ulink>.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË?</para></question><answer>

<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Õ ÐÏ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÉÓËÏ× ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ <ulink
  URL="../../tutorials/formatting-media/">www.FreeBSD.org</ulink>.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÓÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×?
     </para></question><answer>

<para>ëÁËÉÍ ÂÙ ÎÉ ÂÙÌÏ ÜÔÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÔÉÐÁ ZIP, EZ (ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ
     ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄÏÍ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ) ÉÌÉ ËÁËÉÍ-ÔÏ
     ÄÒÕÇÉÍ, ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ É ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÎÏ
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, É ×Ù ×ÓÔÁ×ÉÔÅ × ÎÅÇÏ ËÁÒÔÒÉÄÖ/ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ/ÞÔÏ-ÔÁÍ-ÅÝ£, ×Ó£
     ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×Ï.</para>
 
<para><anchor id="disklabel">(ÜÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÏÐÉÒÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ <ulink URL="http://www.vmunix.com/mark/FreeBSD/ZIP-FAQ.html">FAQ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ ZIP</ulink> íÁÒËÁ íÜÊÏ (Mark Mayo))</para>
 
<para>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ZIP ÉÌÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÊ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄ, É Õ ×ÁÓ ÕÖÅ ÅÓÔØ
     ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ DOS ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ, ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
     ÔÉÐÁ:</para>
  
<para>     
  <literallayout>
    mount -t msdos /dev/fd0c /floppy
  </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>ÄÌÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÉÌÉ</para>
 
<para>     
  <literallayout>
    mount -t msdos /dev/da2s4 /zip
  </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>ÄÌÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ZIP ÓÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>
 
<para>äÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
     <emphasis remap=tt>fdisk</emphasis> ÉÌÉ <filename>/stand/sysinstall</filename>.</para>
 
<para>ïÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÄÁÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÁ ZIP ÎÁ da2, ÔÒÅÔØÅÍ ÄÉÓËÅ SCSI.</para>
 
<para>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ ÉÌÉ ÓÍÅÎÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ
     ÏÂÍÅÎÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÌÀÄØÍÉ, ÈÏÒÏÛÏÊ ÉÄÅÅÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÔÕÄÁ
     ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ BSD.  ÷Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÄÌÉÎÎÙÈ ÉͣΠÆÁÊÌÏ×,
     Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ × Ä×Á ÒÁÚÁ É ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ
     ÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÏÓÔØ.  ðÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ×ÁÍ ÓÎÏ×Á ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
     ÒÁÚÂÉÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÁ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ/ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
     ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?fdisk">fdisk</ulink> ÌÉÂÏ
     <filename>/stand/sysinstall</filename>, Á × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÎÁ
     ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÓÏÔÒÉÔÅ
     ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× (ÓÌÁÊÓÏ×) FAT É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÒÁÚÂÉÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ
     BSD.</para>
 
<para>     
  <literallayout>
    dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda2 count=2
    disklabel -Brw da2 auto
  </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ disklabel ÉÌÉ
     <filename>/stand/sysinstall</filename> ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×
     BSD.  ÷ÁÍ ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÑËÁ ÐÒÉÄ£ÔÓÑ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÔÁÎÅÔÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÍÅÓÔÏ
     ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÎÁ ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÅ, ÈÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑ Ë
     ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ ÔÉÐÁ ZIP.</para>
 
<para>÷ ÉÔÏÇÅ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ (× ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ
     ÏÎÁ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØ ÎÁÛ ÄÉÓË ZIP):</para>
 
<para>     
  <literallayout>
    newfs /dev/rda2c
  </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>É ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ Å£:</para>
  
<para>     
  <literallayout>
    mount /dev/da2c /zip
  </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>èÏÒÏÛÏ ÅÝ£ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÔÉÐÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ × ÆÁÊÌ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?fstab">/etc/fstab</ulink>,
     ÞÔÏÂÙ × ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÁ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ "mount /zip":</para>
 
<para>     
  <literallayout>
    /dev/da2c /zip ffs rw,noauto 0 0
  </literallayout>
</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ DOS?</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ DOS ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÷óåè ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×.
     îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ "E" Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÔÏÒÙÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏÍ DOS ÎÁ
     ×ÔÏÒÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ SCSI, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÑÔÏÇÏ
     "ÓÌÁÊÓÁ" × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ /dev, ÚÁÔÅÍ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ /dev/da1s5:</para>
  
<para>     
  <literallayout>
    # cd /dev
    # ./MAKEDEV da1s5
    # mount -t msdos /dev/da1s5 /dos/e
  </literallayout>
</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?
     </para></question><answer>

<para>ëÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÉ Ó ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ UFS ÏÔ 
     <emphasis remap=bf>Digital UNIX</emphasis> ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ÂÅÚ
     ×ÓÑËÉÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ.  íÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ Digital UNIX ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÈ UFS, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ
     ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÒÁÚÂÉÅÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÁ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ.</para>
 
<para><emphasis remap=bf> Linux</emphasis>: ÷ÅÒÓÉÉ 2.2 É ×ÙÛÅ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× <emphasis remap=bf>ext2fs</emphasis>.
     úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ
     ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount_ext2fs">mount_ext2fs</ulink>.</para>
 
<para><emphasis remap=bf> NT</emphasis>: óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÊ ÐÏÄ
  FreeBSD ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë NTFS × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ "ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ".  ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÕÞÅÂÎÉË
  ÏÔ íÁÒËÁ ï×ÅÎÓÁ (Mark Ovens) ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ <ulink
  URL="http://ukug.uk.freebsd.org/~mark/ntfs_install.html">http://ukug.uk.freebsd.org/~mark/ntfs_install.html</ulink>.
</para>
  
<para>îÁÓ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÕÅÔ ÌÀÂÁÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÕ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË NT ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ FreeBSD?
  </para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÐÏ ÒÁÚÎÏÍÕ ÄÌÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ FreeBSD 2.2.x É 3.x (Ó
  ÔÒ£ÈÓÔÕÐÅÎÞÁÔÙÍ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ).</para>

<para>éÄÅÑ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÓÅËÔÏÒÁ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
     FreeBSD × ÆÁÊÌ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÊÓÑ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ DOS/NT.  ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ
     ×Ù ÎÁÚ×ÁÌÉ ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>c:\bootsect.bsd</filename> (ÐÏ ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÉ Ó
     <filename>c:\bootsect.dos</filename>), ÐÏÓÌÅ ÞÅÇÏ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
     ÆÁÊÌ <filename>c:\boot.ini</filename>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÌ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        [boot loader]
        timeout=30
        default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS
        [operating systems]
        multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Windows NT"
        C:\BOOTSECT.BSD="FreeBSD"
        C:\="DOS"
      </literallayout>
</para>

<para>äÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ 2.2.x ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ DOS, NT, FreeBSD ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÁÑ
  ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂÙÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ × ÉÈ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ fdisk ÎÁ
  <emphasis remap=bf>ÏÄÎÏÍ É ÔÏÍ ÖÅ</emphasis> ÄÉÓËÅ.  ÷ ÍÏ£Í ÓÌÕÞÁÅ DOS &amp;
  NT ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ fdisk, Á FreeBSD ÎÁ ×ÔÏÒÏÍ.  ñ ÔÁËÖÅ
  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌ FreeBSD ÄÌÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ Ó Å£ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ, Á
  <emphasis remap=bf>ÎÅ</emphasis> ÉÚ MBR.</para>
 
<para>óÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ DOS (ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ NTFS) ÉÌÉ
     ÒÁÚÄÅÌ FAT, ÓËÁÖÅÍ, × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/mnt</filename>.</para>
 
<para>     
  <literallayout>
    dd if=/dev/rda0a of=/mnt/bootsect.bsd bs=512 count=1
  </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>ðÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ DOS ÉÌÉ NT.  ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ NTFS ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ
     <filename>bootsect.bsd</filename> É/ÉÌÉ <filename>bootsect.lnx</filename>
     Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË <emphasis remap=tt>C:\</emphasis>.  éÚÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÁÔÒÉÂÕÔÙ
     (ÐÒÁ×Á) ÎÁ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>boot.ini</filename> ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>
 
<para>
  <literallayout>
    attrib -s -r c:\boot.ini
  </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>ïÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ, ÄÏÂÁ×É× ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÉÚ
     ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏÇÏ <filename>boot.ini</filename> ×ÙÛÅ, É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÁÔÒÉÂÕÔÙ:</para>
 
<para>     
  <literallayout>
    attrib +s +r c:\boot.ini
  </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>åÓÌÉ FreeBSD ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ MBR, ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÅÇÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ DOS
  ``<command>fdisk</command>'' ÐÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÐÅÒÅËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ ÉÈ ÄÌÑ
  ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ Ó ÉÈ ``ÒÏÄÎÙÈ'' ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×.</para>

<para>äÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ FreeBSD 3.x ÜÔÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÝÅ.</para>

<para>åÓÌÉ FreeBSD ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÁ ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÄÉÓË, ÞÔÏ É ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
  NT, ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ <filename>/boot/boot1</filename> ×
  <filename>c:\bootsect.bsd</filename> ÉÌÉ, ÅÓÌÉ FreeBSD ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÁ
  ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÄÉÓË, ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ <filename>/boot/boot0</filename> ×
  <filename>c:\bootsect.bsd</filename>.  úÁÔÅÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÅ
  <filename>c:\bootsect.ini</filename> ÔÁË, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ ×ÙÛÅ.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁË ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ FreeBSD É Linux Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ LILO?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ FreeBSD É Linux ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ É ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÄÉÓËÅ,
     ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑÍ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ LILO Ï ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÎÅ-Linux ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.  ïÎÉ Ó×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ Ë ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ:</para>
 
<para>úÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ Linux, É ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ × ÆÁÊÌ
  <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename>:
     
  <programlisting>
    other=/dev/hda2
    table=/dev/hda
    label=FreeBSD
  </programlisting>

  (ÚÄÅÓØ ×Ù ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÓÌÁÊÓ Ó FreeBSD ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÅÎ Linux ËÁË
  <filename>/dev/hda2</filename>; ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÜÔÕ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ×ÁÛÅÊ 
  ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÅÊ).  úÁÔÅÍ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ <command>lilo</command>,
  ×ÏÊÄÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ËÁË ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ.</para>
 
<para>åÓÌÉ FreeBSD ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ
     ``<literal>loader=/boot/chain.b</literal>'' × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ
     LILO.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:

     <programlisting>
       other=/dev/dab4
       table=/dev/dab
       loader=/boot/chain.b
       label=FreeBSD
     </programlisting>
</para>
 
<para>÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÏ ×ÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÁÍ
     ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÄÉÓËÁ BIOS ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÕ FreeBSD.
     îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ÄÉÓË SCSI Ó FreeBSD ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ BIOS ËÁË ÄÉÓË 1,
     × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ FreeBSD ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ:

     <literallayout>
       Boot: 1:da(0,a)/kernel
     </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>÷Ï FreeBSD 2.2.5 É ×ÙÛÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?boot(8)">boot(8)</ulink>
     ÎÁ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÐÒÉÎÑÔÉÅ ÔÁËÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.</para>
 
<para>÷ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÅ <ulink URL="http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Linux+FreeBSD.html">Linux+FreeBSD mini-HOWTO</ulink> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ,
     ËÁÓÁÀÝÅÊÓÑ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ FreeBSD É Linux.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁË ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ FreeBSD É Linux Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ BootEasy?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ LILO × ÎÁÞÁÌÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ Linux, Á ÎÅ ×
     Master Boot Record.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ LILO ÉÚ BootEasy.</para>
  

  
<para>üÔÏ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ × ÌÀÂÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÐÒÉ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Windows-95 É Linux, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÐÒÏÓÔÉÔØ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ
     ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ Linux ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒÅÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÉ Windows95 (ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
     Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ îÅÄÏÂÒÏÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ïÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ óÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ É ÎÅ ÔÅÒÐÉÔ
     ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ × Master Boot Record).</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        îÅ ÕÇÒÏÖÁÅÔ ÌÉ ÒÅÖÉÍ ``dangerously dedicated'' ÍÏÅÍÕ ÚÄÏÒÏ×ØÀ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para><anchor id="dedicate">÷ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ Ä×Á
     ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ ÒÁÚÂÉÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ
     × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ ÎÁ ÜÔÏÊ ÖÅ
     ÍÁÛÉÎÅ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× fdisk (ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ
     ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ``ÓÌÁÊÓÏÍ'' ×Ï FreeBSD), ÓÏ ÓÌÁÊÓÏÍ (ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏÍ), ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÍ
     FreeBSD.  ïÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÁ
     ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ.  ìÉÂÏ ×Ù
     ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÄÅÌÉÔØ ÄÉÓË ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÏÄ FreeBSD, ÎÅ ÚÁÂÏÔÑÓØ Ï ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ
     Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ.</para>
  

  
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÖÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ``dangerous''? äÅÌÏ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ
     ÄÉÓË × ÜÔÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ ÄÌÑ
     ðë ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÀÔ ËÁË ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×.  ÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ, ÎÁÓËÏÌØËÏ
     ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÙ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔØ ×ÁÍ Ï ÜÔÏÍ, ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ
     ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÁÔ ÔÁËÏÊ ÄÉÓË, ÉÌÉ, ÞÔÏ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÈÕÖÅ, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÚÁÐÏÒÔÉÔØ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË
     BSD, ÄÁÖÅ ÎÅ ÓÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÑ É ÎÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÑ Ï ÜÔÏÍ.  ë ÔÏÍÕ ÖÅ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ, ÞÔÏ
     ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÁ ÄÉÓËÁ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ``dangerously dedicated'' ××ÏÄÉÔ × ÚÁÂÌÕÖÄÅÎÉÅ
     BIOS ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ AWARD (ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ×
     ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÈ HP Netserver, Micronics É ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ) É Symbios/NCR
     (ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÑ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÙÈ SCSI-ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÏ× ÓÅÒÉÉ 53C8xx).  é ÜÔÏ ÎÅ
     ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË, ÅÓÔØ ÅÝ£ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÉ.  óÉÍÐÔÏÍÁÍÉ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ
     ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ "read error", ×Ù×ÏÄÉÍÏÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÏÍ FreeBSD,
     ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÓÁÍ ÓÅÂÑ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ.</para>
  

  
<para>ôÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÞÅÍ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÎÕÖÅÎ ÜÔÏÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ?  ïÎ ÜËÏÎÏÍÉÔ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ
     ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ËÉÌÏÂÁÊÔ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á É ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÒØ£ÚÎÙÅ 
     ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÉ.  ðÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ
     Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÖÅÌÁÎÉÅ ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ ÓÁÍÙÈ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁΣÎÎÙÈ
     ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÓÔÁÌËÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÏ×ÉÞËÉ - ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×
     BIOS É ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÄÉÓËÁ.</para>
 
<para>``ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ'' ÄÉÓËÁ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÒÅ×ÛÅÊ ËÏÎÃÅÐÃÉÅÊ, ÎÏ ÏÎÁ ÌÅÖÉÔ
     × ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÒÁÂÏÔÙ BIOS Ó ÄÉÓËÏÍ.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD
     ÓÏÚÄÁ£Ô ÓÌÁÊÓÙ, ÏÎÁ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÉÈ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ÔÅÍ,
     ËÁË Ó ÎÉÍÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ BIOS.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ, ×Ù ÎÅ
     ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
 
<para>òÅÖÉÍ ``dangerously dedicated'' ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÏÊÔÉ ÜÔÏ, ÕÐÒÏÝÁÑ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ
     ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.  éÎÏÇÄÁ ÏÎ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÉÔ,
     ÞÔÏ ÅÇÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ËÁË ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÀÀ ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Õ - ÅÓÔØ
     ÓÐÏÓÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÛÅ, ÒÅÛÁÀÝÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ × 99 ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÉÚ 100.</para>
 
<para>éÔÁË, ËÁË ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ ``DD'' ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ?
     óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÚÁÐÉÛÉÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÄÉÓËÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÅÔ BIOS.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
     ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ ÜÔÏ, ÚÁÓÔÁ×É× ÑÄÒÏ ×Ù×ÅÓÔÉ ÜÔÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ, ÕËÁÚÁ×
     ``-v'' × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ ``boot:'', ÉÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ``boot -v'' × ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÅ.
     ðÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÑÄÒÏ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ,
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ BIOS.  îÅ ×ÏÌÎÕÊÔÅÓØ - ÐÏÄÏÖÄÉÔÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
     ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ÓËÒÏÌÌÉÎÇÏÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ
     ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×.  ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, BIOS ÎÕÍÅÒÕÅÔ ÄÉÓËÉ × ÔÏÍ ÖÅ
     ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ, ÞÔÏ É FreeBSD, ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ IDE, ÚÁÔÅÍ SCSI.</para>
 
<para>ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÒÁÚÂÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓË ÎÁ ÓÌÁÊÓÙ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÄÉÓËÁ,
     ×Ù×ÏÄÉÍÙÅ × ÏËÎÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ FDISK, ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÙ (ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ÏÎÉ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ
     ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍ BIOS); ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË, ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ ``g'', ÞÔÏÂÙ
     ÉÈ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ ÎÅÔ ÁÂÓÏÌÀÔÎÏ
     ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÉÌÉ ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÉÓË ÂÙÌ ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓ£Î Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ,
     ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ; FreeBSD ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÏ ÒÁÚÂÅÒ£ÔÓÑ 
     Ó ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ Õ ×ÁÓ ÂÙÔØ.</para>
  

  
<para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÄÏÂÉÌÉÓØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÄÉÓËÁ × BIOS É
     FreeBSD, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Õ ×ÁÓ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ, É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
     ÒÅÖÉÍ ``DD'' ÎÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ.  åÓÌÉ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÓÔÒÁÛÎÏÊ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ
     ``read error'' ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÅÔ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ, ÓÁÍÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ
     ÐÅÒÅËÒÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ É ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ - ×ÁÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅÞÅÇÏ ÔÅÒÑÔØ.</para>
  

  
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ ÄÉÓË ÉÚ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ ``dangerously dedicated'' Ë
     ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ÒÅÖÉÍÕ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ. ðÅÒ×ÙÊ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ
     × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÂÁÊÔÏ× NULL ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ
     MBR, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÔÏÒ ÄÕÍÁÌ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÞÉÓÔÙÊ ÄÉÓË. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ
     ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ</para>
  
<para>     
  <literallayout>
    dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda0 count=15
  </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>äÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ - ÎÅÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ DOS</para>
 
<para>     
<literallayout>        fdisk /mbr
      </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>ÐÒÏÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÕÀ MBR, ÕÄÁÌÉ× ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË BSD.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁË ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÕÀ ÐÁÍÑÔØ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>îÁÉÌÕÞÛÉÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ - Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ,
     ÄÏÂÁ×É× ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÅÝ£ ÏÄÉÎ ÄÉÓË.  ïÂÝÉÍ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÂÏÒ
     ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, × Ä×Á ÒÁÚÁ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÀÝÉÊ ÏÂß£Í ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÊ
     ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÏÞÅÎØ ÍÁÌÏ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÜÔÏÔ ÏÂߣÍ
     ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅ.  èÏÒÏÛÅÊ ÐÒÁËÔÉËÏÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏÇÏ
     ÏÂߣÍÁ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ × ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ,
     ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÔÏÍ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÙÔÙ×ÁÔØ ÔÒÕÄÎÏÓÔÅÊ.</para>
  

  
<para>ðÅÒÅÎÏÓ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ
     ÂÙÓÔÒÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ
     ÎÁ ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÄÉÓËÅ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ
     ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÎÁ ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÞÔÏ É ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ.
     ïÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÚÁÍÅÔÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× SCSI.</para>
  

  
<para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÉÓËÏ×, ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ
     ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ, ÄÁÖÅ ÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÍ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÂÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ.
     ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÂÙÓÔÒÙÊ ÄÉÓË × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
     ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ.  FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÏ 4 ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ Ó
     ÞÅÒÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ.  ðÒÉ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ×ÁÍ ÚÁÈÏÞÅÔÓÑ
     ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÉÈ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ
     ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎ ÍÏÇ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÊ
     ÏÂÒÁÚ ÑÄÒÁ.  òÁÚÍÅÒ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ 
     ÍÅÒÅ ÂÙÔØ ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ ÏÂߣÍÕ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÊ
     ÏÂÒÁÚ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
  

  
<para>äÉÓËÉ IDE ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÏÂÏÉÍ
     ÄÉÓËÁÍ ÐÏ ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ËÁÎÁÌÕ (FreeBSD ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ 4, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ
     ×ÅÓØ ××ÏÄ/×Ù×ÏÄ ÄÌÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× IDE ``ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ'').  ïÄÎÁËÏ Ñ ×Ó£
     ÒÁ×ÎÏ ÓÏ×ÅÔÕÀ ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓÔÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË.  äÉÓËÉ
     ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÅÛ£×Ù, É ÜËÏÎÏÍÉÔØ ÔÕÔ ÎÅ ÎÁ ÞÅÍ.</para>
  

  
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ NFS ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ
     ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ.  ðÏÄËÁÞËÁ ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ
     NFS ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÁ É ÎÅÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÁ × ÒÅÌÉÚÁÈ FreeBSD ÄÏ 4.x, ÈÏÔÑ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ
     ÂÙÓÔÒÁ × ÒÅÌÉÚÁÈ 4.0 É ×ÙÛÅ.  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, Å£ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÁ
     ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØÀ ÓÅÔÉ É ÜÔÏ ÄÁÓÔ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÕ
     ÎÁ NFS-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ.</para>
  

  
<para>÷ÏÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ vn-ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ 64í (<filename>/usr/swap0</filename>,
     ÈÏÔÑ, ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÌÀÂÏÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÉÍÑ.</para>
  

  
<para>õÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÑÄÒÏ ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ ÓÏ ÓÔÒÏËÏÊ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        pseudo-device   vn 1   #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device)
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>× ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ.  ñÄÒÏ GENERIC Å£ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ</para>
  
<para>     
<orderedlist>

<listitem>
<para>ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ vn-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï

       
<literallayout>          cd /dev
          sh ./MAKEDEV vn0
        </literallayout>


       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ (<filename>/usr/swap0</filename>)

       
<literallayout>          dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1024k count=64
        </literallayout>


       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÙÅ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÆÁÊÌ (<filename>/usr/swap0</filename>)

       
<literallayout>          chmod 0600 /usr/swap0
        </literallayout>

 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>÷ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>

       
<literallayout>          swapfile="/usr/swap0"   # Set to name of swapfile if aux swapfile desired.
        </literallayout>


       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ
     </para>
</listitem>

</orderedlist>
</para>
  

  
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        vnconfig -ce /dev/vn0c /usr/swap0 swap
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>õ ÍÅÎÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÁ.</para></question><answer>

<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍÕ <ulink URL="../../handbook/printing.html">ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ</ulink> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÏÍÕ ÐÅÞÁÔÉ.  ÷ Î£Í ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ
     ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ×ÁÛÉÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>òÁÓËÌÁÄËÁ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÙ ÎÅ×ÅÒÎÁ.</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ kbdcontrol ÉÍÅÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ, ÚÁÄÁÀÝÉÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÒÁÓËÌÁÄËÉ.
     æÁÊÌÙ ÒÁÓËÌÁÄÏË ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
     <filename>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</filename>.  ÷ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ×ÁÛÅÊ
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ É ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÅÇÏ.</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        kbdcontrol -l uk.iso
      </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?kbdcontrol">kbdcontrol</ulink>
     ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ
     <filename>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</filename>
     É ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑ <filename>.kbd</filename>.</para>
 
<para>üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÏ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename> (ÉÌÉ
     <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)">rc.conf</ulink>).
     ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÑÍ × ÜÔÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ.</para>
 
<para>÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ 2.0.5R É ×ÙÛÅ, ×Ó£, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÅÅÓÑ Ë ÚÎÁËÏÇÅÎÅÒÁÔÏÒÕ,
     ÒÁÓËÌÁÄËÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÙ, ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
     <filename>/usr/share/examples/syscons</filename>.</para>
  

  
<para>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÒÁÓËÌÁÄËÉ:</para>
  
<para>     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>Belgian ISO-8859-1 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Brazilian 275 keyboard Codepage 850 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Brazilian 275 keyboard ISO-8859-1 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Danish Codepage 865 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Danish ISO-8859-1 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>French ISO-8859-1 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>German Codepage 850 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>German ISO-8859-1 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Italian ISO-8859-1 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Japanese 106 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Japanese 106x 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Latin American 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Norwegian ISO-8859-1 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Polish ISO-8859-2 (programmer's) 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Russian Codepage 866 (alternative) 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Russian koi8-r (shift) 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Russian koi8-r 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Spanish ISO-8859-1 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Swedish Codepage 850 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Swedish ISO-8859-1 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>Swiss-German ISO-8859-1 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>United Kingdom Codepage 850 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>United Kingdom ISO-8859-1 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>United States of America ISO-8859-1 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>United States of America dvorak 
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>United States of America dvorakx 
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>îÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ Ë×ÏÔÙ.</para></question><answer>

<para>     
<orderedlist>

<listitem>
<para>îÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÊÔÅ Ë×ÏÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ '/',

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ðÏÍÅÝÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ Ó Ë×ÏÔÁÍÉ × ÔÕ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ
       ÏÎ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔ, ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ:

       
<literallayout>          æó      æáêì ë÷ïô
          /usr    /usr/admin/quotas
          /home   /home/admin/quotas
          ...
        </literallayout>

     </para>
</listitem>

</orderedlist>
</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>þÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË Ó ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ ccd?</para></question><answer>

<para>óÉÍÐÔÏÍ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÔÁË:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        # ccdconfig -C
        ccdconfig: ioctl (CCDIOCSET): /dev/ccd0c: Inappropriate file type or format
        #
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>üÔÏ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ×ÙÄÁ£ÔÓÑ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÐÙÔÁÅÔÅÓØ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ
     'c', ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÍÅÀÝÉÅ ÔÉÐ 'unused'.  äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ccd ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÉÍÅÌÉ ÔÉÐ FS_BSDFFS.  ïÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÍÅÔËÉ ÔÅÈ
     ÄÉÓËÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ, ÓÍÅÎÉ× ÔÉÐÙ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÎÁ 
     '4.2BSD'.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÅÔËÕ ÄÉÓËÁ ccd?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>óÉÍÐÔÏÍ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÔÁË:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        # disklabel ccd0
        (ÚÄÅÓØ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÄÉÓËÅ, ÐÒÏÂÕÅÍ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÅÔËÕ)
        # disklabel -e ccd0
        (ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ, ×ÙÈÏÄ)
        disklabel: ioctl DIOCWDINFO: No disk label on disk;
        use "disklabel -r" to install initial label
        #
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>üÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÍÅÔËÁ ÄÉÓËÁ, ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÍÁÑ ccd, ÎÁ
     ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ 'ÎÅÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÁÑ', ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÁÑ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÝÅÊÓÑ
     ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ, Ñ×ÎÏ ÚÁÐÉÓÁ× ÜÔÕ ÍÅÔËÕ
     ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        # disklabel ccd0 &gt; /tmp/disklabel.tmp
        # disklabel -Rr ccd0 /tmp/disklabel.tmp
        # disklabel -e ccd0
        (ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÜÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ)
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ FreeBSD ×ÙÚÏ×Ù IPC ÉÚ System V?</para></question><answer>

<para>äÁ, FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ IPC ÉÚ System V, Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÕÀ ÐÁÍÑÔØ, ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ É ÓÅÍÁÆÏÒÙ.  þÔÏÂÙ ÏÎÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÉ, ×ÁÍ
     ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ × ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        options    SYSVSHM
        options    "SHMMAXPGS=64"   # 256Kb of sharable memory
        options    SYSVSEM          # enable for semaphores
        options    SYSVMSG          # enable for messaging
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ðÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ É ÐÒÏÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ.</para>
  

  
<para><emphasis remap=bf>úáíåþáîéå:</emphasis> ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
     ËÏÎÓÔÁÎÔÙ SHMMAXGS ÎÁ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅÅ, ÔÉÐÁ 4096 (16í!), ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù
     ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÅÓØ ÉÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ GIMP.  256ë ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ X11R6.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question
id="uucpmail">
<para>        ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ sendmail ÄÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÁ×ËÉ ÐÏÞÔÙ ÐÏ UUCP?
        
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ sendmail, ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÁÑ Ó FreeBSD, ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ ÄÌÑ
     ÓÁÊÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ×ÙÈÏÄ × Internet.  óÁÊÔÙ,
     ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÍÅÎÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÞÔÏÊ ÐÏ UUCP, ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
     ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ.</para>
 
<para>ëÏ×ÙÒÑÎÉÅ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/sendmail.cf</filename> ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ - ÜÔÏ
     ÚÁÎÑÔÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÕÒÉÓÔÏ× (É ÍÁÚÏÈÉÓÔÏ×).  ÷ÏÓØÍÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ sendmail ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
     Ó ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÉ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
     ÐÒÅÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?m4">m4</ulink>, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÒÕÞÎÁÑ
     ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓÅÎÁ ÎÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÙÓÏËÉÊ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÁÂÓÔÒÁËÃÉÉ.  éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
     ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ</para>
 
<para>     
  <literallayout>
    /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf
  </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÅÓØ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
     ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÓ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ sendmail ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÙ × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ
     ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÍÅÅÔÅ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓË, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ
     ÔÁËÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        cd /usr/src
        tar -xvzf /cdrom/dists/src/ssmailcf.aa
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>îÅ ×ÏÌÎÕÊÔÅÓØ, ÜÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÀÔ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÏÔÅÎ
     ËÉÌÏÂÁÊÔ.  æÁÊÌ <acronym>README</acronym> × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <emphasis remap=tt>cf</emphasis> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ ËÁË ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÅ ××ÅÄÅÎÉÅ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ m4.</para>
  

  
<para>äÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÁ×ËÉ ÐÏÞÔÙ ÐÏ UUCP ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
     <emphasis>mailertable</emphasis>.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ,
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÁÑ sendmail ÐÒÉ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÐÏÞÔÙ.</para>
  

  
<para>ðÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ×ÁÛ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>.mc</filename>.  äÌÑ ÔÁËÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
     ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf</filename>.
     ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ × Î£Í, ÔÁÍ ÅÓÔØ ÕÖÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÏ×.  ðÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ
     ×Ù ÎÁÚ×ÁÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>foo.mc</filename>, ×Ó£, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÌÑ
     ÐÅÒÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÅÇÏ × ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÙÊ <filename>sendmail.cf</filename>, ÜÔÏ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf
        make foo.cf
        cp foo.cf /etc/sendmail.cf
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ôÉÐÉÞÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>.mc</filename> ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        include(`../m4/cf.m4')
        VERSIONID(`Your version number')
        OSTYPE(bsd4.4)

        FEATURE(nodns)
        FEATURE(nocanonify)
        FEATURE(mailertable)

        define(`UUCP_RELAY', your.uucp.relay)
        define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000)

        MAILER(local)
        MAILER(smtp)
        MAILER(uucp)

        Cw    your.alias.host.name
        Cw    youruucpnodename.UUCP
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ <emphasis>nodns</emphasis> É <emphasis>nocanonify</emphasis> ÐÏÄÁ×ÌÑÀÔ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ DNS × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÄÏÓÔÁ×ËÉ.  óÔÒÏËÁ <symbol>UUCP_RELAY</symbol>
     ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÏÞÅÎØ ÓÔÒÁÎÎÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ, ÎÅ
     ÓÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÊÔÅ Ï ÎÉÈ.  ðÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÚÄÅÓØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ Internet,
     ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ Ó ÐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÄÏÍÅÎÁÍÉ .UUCP; ×
     ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÀÄÁ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÛÌÀÚÁ
     ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ.</para>
  

  
<para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÓÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÔÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ
     <filename>/etc/mailertable</filename>.  ôÉÐÉÞÎÙÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        #
        # makemap hash /etc/mailertable.db &lt; /etc/mailertable
        #
        horus.interface-business.de   uucp-dom:horus
        .interface-business.de        uucp-dom:if-bus
        interface-business.de         uucp-dom:if-bus
        .heep.sax.de                  smtp8:%1
        horus.UUCP                    uucp-dom:horus
        if-bus.UUCP                   uucp-dom:if-bus
        .                             uucp-dom:sax
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ëÁË ×ÉÄÉÔÅ, ÜÔÏ ÞÁÓÔØ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ.  ðÅÒ×ÙÅ ÔÒÉ
     ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔ ÏÓÏÂÙÅ ÓÌÕÞÁÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÞÔÁ, ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÎÁÑ ÎÁ 
     ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÏÍÅÎÙ, ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØÓÑ ÎÅ ÐÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÍÕ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÕ, Á ÎÁ
     ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÂÌÉÚÌÅÖÁÝÕÀ UUCP-ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ `ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ' ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ÄÏÓÔÁ×ËÉ.
     óÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÞÔÁ ÎÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ ÄÏÍÅÎ × ÓÅÔÉ
     Ethernet ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÏ SMTP.  ÷ ËÏÎÃÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ
     ÂÌÉÚÌÅÖÁÝÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UUCP × ÐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÄÏÍÅÎÅ .UUCP, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ
     ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÕÀ ÄÏÓÔÁ×ËÕ ÐÏÞÔÙ ÎÁ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ
     ``uucp-ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ!ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔÅÌØ''.  ÷ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
     ÏÄÎÁ ÔÏÞËÁ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÁÑ ×ÓÅÍ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÍ ÄÏÍÅÎÁÍ, Ó ÄÏÓÔÁ×ËÏÊ ÐÏ
     UUCP ÎÁ ÂÌÉÛÎÀÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ UUCP, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÎÉ×ÅÒÓÁÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÙÍ
     ÛÌÀÚÏÍ ×Ï ×ÅÓØ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÏÊ ÍÉÒ.  ÷ÓÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÕÚÌÏ× ÐÏÓÌÅ <emphasis remap=tt>uucp-dom:</emphasis>
     ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍÉ ÕÚÌÁÍÉ UUCP, ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ
     ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <emphasis remap=tt>uuname</emphasis>.</para>
  

  
<para>ëÁË ÎÁÐÏÍÉÎÁÎÉÅ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎ
     × ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ DBM ÐÅÒÅÄ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ, ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ,
     ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÝÁÑ ÜÔÏ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅ, ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÁ ËÁË ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÊ × ÎÁÞÁÌÏ
     ÆÁÊÌÁ.  ðÒÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ mailertable ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÜÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ.</para>
  

  
<para>ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ÐÏÄÓËÁÚËÁ: ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ × ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
     ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉ ÐÏÞÔÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ sendmail Ó ÏÐÃÉÅÊ <option>-bt</option>.  ïÎÁ
     ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÉÔ sendmail × ÒÅÖÉÍ <emphasis>ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×</emphasis>; ××ÅÄÉÔÅ ``0 '',
     Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÁÄÒÅÓ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÒÏÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÓÔØ
     ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ.  ÷ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÕËÁÚÁÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ
     ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÙÊ ÁÇÅÎÔ, ÈÏÓÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔÅÌÑ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÁÇÅÎÔ,
     É (ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ) ÁÄÒÅÓ.  ÷ÙÈÏÄ ÉÈ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ
     ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ Control-D.</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        j@uriah 191% sendmail -bt
        ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked)
        Enter &lt;ruleset&gt; &lt;address&gt;
        &gt; 0 foo@interface-business.de
        rewrite: ruleset  0   input: foo @ interface-business . de
        ...
        rewrite: ruleset  0 returns: $# uucp-dom $@ if-bus $: foo \
        &lt; @ interface-business . de &gt;
        &gt; ^D
        j@uriah 192%
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question
id="ispmail">
<para>        ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÐÏÞÔÕ ÐÒÉ ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÍ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ Ó Internet?
        
      </para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ, ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ
     ÍÅÎÑÔØ.  õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÍ
     ÉÍÅÎÅÍ DNS, Á sendmail ÓÄÅÌÁ£Ô ×Ó£ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÏÅ.</para>
  

  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ×ÙÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÒÉ ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÍ 
     ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÐÏ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> Ó Internet, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ, ×ÁÍ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÙÊ
     ÑÝÉË ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ.  ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ÄÏÍÅÎ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ
     ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <filename>myISP.com</filename>, Á ×ÁÛÅ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
     <emphasis remap=tt>user</emphasis>.  ôÁËÖÅ ÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÎÁÚ×ÁÌÉ ×ÁÛÕ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ <filename>bsd.home</filename> É
     ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒ ÓËÁÚÁÌ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
     <filename>relay.myISP.com</filename> ËÁË ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÙÊ ÛÌÀÚ.</para>
  

  
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÂÉÒÁÔØ ÐÏÞÔÕ ÉÚ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÑÝÉËÁ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
     ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÁÇÅÎÔ.  èÏÒÏÛÉÍ ÁÇÅÎÔÏ× Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ <emphasis remap=bf>fetchmail</emphasis>, ÔÁË
     ËÁË ÏÎ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ×.  ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÙ
     ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÀÔ POP3.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ user-ppp, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
     Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁÂÉÒÁÔØ ×ÁÛÕ ÐÏÞÔÕ ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó
     Internet, ÄÏÂÁ×É× ÔÁËÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        MYADDR:
          !bg su user -c fetchmail
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ <emphasis remap=tt>sendmail</emphasis> (ËÁË ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ ÎÉÖÅ) ÄÌÑ 
     ÄÏÓÔÁ×ËÉ ÐÏÞÔÙ ÄÌÑ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>	  !bg su user -c "sendmail -q"
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>     ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÛÅÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ.  üÔÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔ sendmail ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ×ÁÛÕ
     ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÙÈ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ, ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÅÎÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ
     Ë ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
  

  
<para>ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÉÍÅÅÔ ÕÞ£ÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÄÌÑ <emphasis remap=tt>user</emphasis> ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
     <filename>bsd.home</filename>.  ÷ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ <emphasis remap=tt>user</emphasis> ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
     <filename>bsd.home</filename> ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÔÁËÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>.fetchmailrc</filename>:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        poll myISP.com protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret;
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>éÚÌÉÛÎÉÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÁÐÏÍÉÎÁÎÉÅ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÉËÏÍÕ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
     ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ, ËÒÏÍÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ <emphasis remap=tt>user</emphasis>, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ
     ÏÎ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÐÁÒÏÌØ <emphasis remap=tt>MySecret</emphasis> ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÏÍÕ ÑÝÉËÕ.</para>
  

  
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ ÐÏÞÔÕ Ó ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÍ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÏÍ <emphasis remap=bf>from:</emphasis>, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
     ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ sendmail ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <email>user@myISP.com</email>, Á ÎÅ
     <email>user@bsd.home</email>.  ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ sendmail ÄÌÑ
     ÐÏÓÙÌËÉ ×ÓÅÊ ÐÏÞÔÙ ÞÅÒÅÚ <filename>relay.myISP.com</filename>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÂÙÓÔÒÉÔØ Å£
     ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÕ.</para>
  

  
<para>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>.mc</filename> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÄÏÊÔÉ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0')
        OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl
        FEATURE(nouucp)dnl
        MAILER(local)dnl
        MAILER(smtp)dnl
        Cwlocalhost
        Cwbsd.home
        MASQUERADE_AS(`myISP.com')dnl
        FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl
        FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl
        FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl
        FEATURE(nodns)dnl
        define(SMART_HOST, `relay.myISP.com')
        Dmbsd.home
        define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl
        define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>÷ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>.mc</filename> ×
     <filename>sendmail.cf</filename>.  é ÎÅ ÚÁÂÕÄØÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ sendmail ÐÏÓÌÅ
     ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ sendmail.cf.</para>
  
<para>  </para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ïÊ! ñ ÚÁÂÙÌ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ!</para></question><answer>

<para>âÅÚ ÐÁÎÉËÉ!  ðÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ <userinput>boot
   -s</userinput> × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ Boot: (ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ <userinput>-s</userinput> ×
   ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ FreeBSD ÄÏ 3.2) ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ
   ÒÅÖÉÍ.  îÁ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÅ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ENTER.  îÁ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ
   &prompt.root; ××ÅÄÉÔÅ <command>mount -u /</command>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
   ËÏÒÎÅ×ÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ/ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ÐÏÓÌÅ ÞÅÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ
   ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>mount -a</command> ÄÌÑ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
   úÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <emphasis remap=tt>passwd root</emphasis>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÍÅÎÉÔØ
   ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ É ÚÁÔÅÍ <emphasis remap=tt>exit</emphasis> ÄÌÑ
   ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.
</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÚÁÐÒÅÔÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÐÏ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÁÍ Control-Alt-Delete?
  </para></question><answer>

  <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ syscons (ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
    ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÍ) ×Ï FreeBSD 2.2.7-RELEASE É ×ÙÛÅ, ÐÅÒÅÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÊÔÅ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ
    ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÓÏ ÓÔÒÏÞËÏÊ</para>

  <programlisting>options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT</programlisting>

  <para>× ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ.  åÓÌÉ ÖÅ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ PCVT
    ×Ï FreeBSD 2.2.5-RELEASE É ×ÙÛÅ, ÔÏ ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ×
    ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ:</para>

  <programlisting>options PCVT_CTRL_ALT_DEL</programlisting>

  <para>äÌÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ FreeBSD ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ
    ÆÁÊÌ ÒÁÓËÌÁÄËÉ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÙ, ÚÁÍÅÎÉ× ËÌÀÞÅ×ÙÅ ÓÌÏ×Á <literal>boot</literal>
    ÎÁ <literal>nop</literal>.  éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÁÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÒÁÓËÌÁÄËÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
    × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps/us.iso.kbd</filename>. ÷ÁÍ
    ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ñ×ÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
    ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÜÔÏÊ ÒÁÓËÌÁÄËÉ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎÁ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÏÍÅÎÑÌÁÓØ.  ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ,
    ÅÓÌÉ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÅ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ÒÁÓËÌÁÄËÕ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ 
    ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ Å£.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ DOS × ÆÏÒÍÁÔ UNIX?</para></question><answer>

<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÔÁËÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
  
<para>
<literallayout>perl -i.bak -npe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file ...</literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ÇÄÅ file - ÜÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ(Ï×) ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.  ðÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
    ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ, ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ Ó
    ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅÍ .bak.</para>
  
<para>üÔÏ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
    <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tr">tr</ulink>:</para>
  
<para>
<literallayout>tr -d '\r' &lt; dos-text-file &gt; unix-file</literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>ÇÄÅ dos-text-file - ÜÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔ DOS, Á
    × ÆÁÊÌ unix-file ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÍÅݣΠÕÖÅ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ.  üÔÏÔ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ
    ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ, ÞÅÍ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ perl.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÐÒÅÒ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ?</para></question><answer>

<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?killall">killall</ulink>.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÏÞÅÍÕ su ×ÙÄÁ£Ô ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ Ñ ÎÅ ×ÈÏÖÕ × root ACL?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ×ÙÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÒÁÓÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ Kerberos.
     üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÎÅ ÆÁÔÁÌØÎÁ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÜÔÏ ÒÁÚÄÒÁÖÁÅÔ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔ su
     Ó ËÌÀÞÏÍ -K ÌÉÂÏ ÄÅÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ Kerberos, ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ
     ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÄÅÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ Kerberos?</para></question><answer>

<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÕÂÒÁÔØ Kerberos ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÅÒÅÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× bin
     ÔÏÇÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ Õ ×ÁÓ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ CDROM, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
     ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓË (ÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ /cdrom) É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
     ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        cd /cdrom/bin
        ./install.sh
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÓÅ×ÄÏÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÙ?</para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÊ × ÓÅÁÎÓÁÈ telnet, ssh, X
     ÉÌÉ × screen, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÔÏÌËÎÕÔØÓÑ Ó ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ ÎÅÈ×ÁÔËÉ
     ÐÓÅ×ÄÏÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÏ×.  éÈ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÙÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>
  
<para>     
<orderedlist>

<listitem>
<para>ïÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ É ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ, × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ
     ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ×ÈÏÄÉÔ ÓÔÒÏËÁ

     
<literallayout>        pseudo-device pty 256
      </literallayout>


     </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>÷ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ

     
<literallayout>        # cd /dev
        # ./MAKEDEV pty{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
      </literallayout>


     </para>

<para>ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ 256 ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÏ×.</para>


</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ïÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, ÄÏÂÁ×É× ÐÏ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ÄÌÑ
     ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ 256 ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÏ×.  ïÎÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÕ
     ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÓÔÒÏË, ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ËÁË

     
<literallayout>        ttyqc none network
      </literallayout>


     </para>

<para>ðÏÒÑÄÏË ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÕË× ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × ×ÉÄÅ ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÍÅÅÔ
     ×ÉÄ <emphasis remap=tt>tty[pqrsPQRS][0-9a-v]</emphasis>.</para>


</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÏÓÔÁÌÏÓØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÎÏ×ÙÍ ÑÄÒÏÍ.
     </para>
</listitem>

</orderedlist>
</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>îÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï snd0!</para></question><answer>

<para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÄÌÑ Ú×ÕËÏ×ÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ
     ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:

     <literallayout>
       # cd /dev
       # sh MAKEDEV snd0
     </literallayout>
</para>

<para>ïÄÎÁËÏ ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ <filename>/dev/snd0</filename> ÎÅ
     ÓÏÚÄÁ£ÔÓÑ.  ÷ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á <emphasis
     remap=tt>mixer0</emphasis>, <emphasis remap=tt>audio0</emphasis>,
     <emphasis remap=tt>dsp0</emphasis> É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ.  úÁÐÕÓË ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
     ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ ÄÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ Ú×ÕËÏ×ÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.</para>

</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÐÅÒÅÞÉÔÁÔØ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ /etc/rc.conf É ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÁÔØ /etc/rc
     ÂÅÚ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ
     × ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ.</para>
  
<para>îÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
  
<para>     
  <literallayout>
    # shutdown now
      (úÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ: ÂÅÚ -r ÉÌÉ -h)

    # return
    # exit
  </literallayout>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>þÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÔÅÒÍÉÎ sandbox (ÐÅÓÏÞÎÉÃÁ)?</para></question><answer>

<para>&quot;Sandbox&quot; - ÜÔÏ ÔÅÒÍÉÎ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÐÒÉ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÉ
     ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.  ïÎ ÉÍÅÅÔ Ä×Á ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ:</para>

<para>
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>ðÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ÐÏÍÅÝ£ÎÎÙÊ ×ÎÕÔÒØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ÓÔÅÎ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
     ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÔÉÔØ ×ÚÌÏÍ ×ÓÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×
     ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ×ÚÌÏÍÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ.</para>

<para>çÏ×ÏÒÉÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÍÏÖÅÔ "ÉÇÒÁÔØ" × ÇÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ ÜÔÉÈ ÓÔÅÎ. þÔÏ ÂÙ
     ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÎÉ ÄÅÌÁÌ, ÏÎ ÜÔÉ ÓÔÅÎÙ ÒÁÚÒÕÛÉÔØ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÁÍ
     ÎÅ ÎÕÖÅÎ ÅÇÏ ÏÓÏÂÙÊ ÁÕÄÉÔ, ÞÔÏÂÙ Ó Õ×ÅÒÅÎÎÏÓÔØÀ ÓËÁÚÁÔØ, ÎÁÓËÏÌØËÏ
     ÅÇÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>

<para>óÔÅÎÏÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÌÕÖÉÔØ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. ÷ÏÔ
     ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ, ÄÁ×ÁÅÍÏÅ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ named É ÞÁÓÔÏ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÅ ÐÒÉ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.</para>

<para>òÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÓÌÕÖÂÕ 'ntalk' (ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ /etc/inetd.conf).
     òÁÎØÛÅ ÜÔÁ ÓÌÕÖÂÁ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÌÁÓØ Ó ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ root,
     Á ÓÅÊÞÁÓ - tty.  ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ tty - ÜÔÏ ÔÁ ÐÅÓÏÞÎÉÃÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
     ÏÓÌÏÖÎÑÅÔ ×ÚÌÏÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÞÅÒÅÚ ntalk ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ
     ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
</listitem>
 
<listitem>

<para>ðÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ÐÏÍÅÝ£ÎÎÙÊ ×ÎÕÔÒØ ÓÉÍÕÌÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ. üÔÏ ÄÁ£Ô ÂÏÌØÛÉÊ
     ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.  ÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅËÔÏ, ×ÚÌÏÍÁ×ÛÉÊ
     ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÕÍÁÔØ. ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÌÏÍÁÔØ É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ × ÃÅÌÏÍ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ
     ÆÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÌÏÍÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÉÍÕÌÑÔÏÒ ÜÔÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ É ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
     ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</para>
        
<para>óÁÍÙÍ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁΣÎÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÕÔØ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÁ
     Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ ÉÍÉÔÉÒÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ É ÚÁÔÅÍ ÚÁÐÕÓË
     ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× É ÜÔÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ chroot (Ô.Å. ÚÁÄÁ× ÜÔÏÔ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ×
     ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å "/" ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ, Á ÎÅ ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÊ "/" ×ÓÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ).</para>

<para>äÒÕÇÉÍ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÎÉÚÌÅÖÁÝÅÊ
     ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ "ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ" É ÚÁÔÅÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ
     ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ ÆÁÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ ÎÅ£, ÞÔÏ ÄÁ£Ô ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÕ ×ÉÄÉÍÏÓÔØ
     ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÐÏ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÎÁ ÔÕ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.  ðÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØ,
     ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ × ÔÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ,
     ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ Õ×ÉÄÉÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ &dash; ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ,
     ÎÉ × ËÏÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ.</para>

<para>ðÏÐÙÔËÁ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÔÁËÏÊ ÔÉÐ ÐÅÓÏÞÎÉÃÙ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÚÒÁÞÎÁ, ÞÔÏ
     ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ (ÉÌÉ ×ÚÌÏÍÝÉË) ÄÁÖÅ ÎÅ ÐÏÊÍ£Ô, ÞÔÏ ÏÎ × ÎÅÊ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ.</para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>

<para>÷ UNIX ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ Ä×Á ÔÉÐÁ "ÐÅÓÏÞÎÉÃ". ïÄÉÎ ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ, É ÏÄÉÎ
     ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÏ× ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para>

<para>ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ × UNIX ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÚÁÝÉݣΠÏÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×. îÉËÁËÏÊ
     ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ.
     üÔÏ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ Windows, ÇÄÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÌÅÇËÏ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÞÔÏ-ÌÉÂÏ ×
     ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÍ
     ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑÍ.</para>

<para>÷ UNIX ËÁÖÄÙÍ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ ×ÌÁÄÅÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.
     åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÎÅ root, ÏÔ ÏÇÒÁÖÄÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÏÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ, 
     ×ÌÁÄÅÌØÃÁÍÉ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ.  üÔÏÔ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ.</para>

</answer></qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>ëÁË ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É
            ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÉ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>ïÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔØ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á.
            ÷ÏÔ ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ:</para>

	  <procedure>
	    <step>
	      <para>òÁÂÏÔÁÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ <username>root</username>, ÎÁÚÎÁÞØÔÅ
		ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á Ó ÐÏÂÌÏÞÎÙÍ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÏÍ,
		ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÓÍÅÎÎÙÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑÍ.</para>

	      <para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ
		× ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄÅ, ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ</para>
		
	      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 777 /dev/fd0</userinput></screen>
	    </step>

	    <step>
	      <para>ëÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <username>root</username>, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ
		ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ sysctl-ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <varname>vfs.usermount</varname> ×
		ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <literal>1</literal>.</para>

	      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl -w vfs.usermount=1</userinput></screen>
	    </step>
	  </procedure>

	  <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÓÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ 
            <filename>/dev/fd0</filename> × Ó×ÏÉ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput> mkdir ~/my-mount-point</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput> mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 ~/my-mount-point</userinput></screen>

	  <para>òÁÚÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ËÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>umount <filename>~/my-mount-point</filename></userinput></screen>

	  <para>
            éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <varname>vfs.usermount</varname>, ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÉÍÅÅÔ
            ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÇÁÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ×ÏÐÒÏÓÁÍÉ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.
            âÏÌÅÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑÍÉ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ MSDOS
            Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <ulink
	    url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/ports.cgi?query=%5Emtools-&amp;stype=name">mtools</ulink>
            ÉÚ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.
          </para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

</qandaset>
</chapter>
 

<chapter
id="x">
<title>X Window System É ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ</title>


<qandaset><qandaentry><question>
<para>ñ ÈÏÞÕ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ X, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ?</para></question><answer>

<para>óÁÍÙÊ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ - ÜÔÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÉ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù
     ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ X.</para>
  

  
<para>úÁÔÅÍ ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑÍ × ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÅ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&amp;query=xf86config">xf86config</ulink>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ
     XFree86(tm) Ó ×ÁÛÉÍ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÉÍ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏÍ/ÍÙÛØÀ/ÉÔÄ.</para>
  

  
<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ Xaccel. úÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ
     ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÏÍÕ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔÁÍ ÆÉÒÍ <link
     linkend="xig">Xi Graphics</link> É <link
     linkend="metrox">Metro Link</link>.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question
id="x-and-moused">
<para>        ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÍÏÑ ÍÙÛØ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó X?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ syscons (ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ), ÔÏ
     ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ ÍÙÛÉ ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ÜËÒÁÎÁÈ.
     ÷Ï ÉÚÂÅÖÁÎÉÅ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÏ× Ó X, ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ syscons ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÅ
     ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ``<filename>/dev/sysmouse</filename>''.  ÷ÓÅ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÑ, ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÙÅ ÏÔ
     ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÊ ÍÙÛÉ, ÐÉÛÕÔÓÑ × ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï sysmouse, ÒÅÁÌÉÚÕÀÝÅÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ
     MouseSystems.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÁÛÕ ÍÙÛØ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÌÉ
     ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ËÏÎÓÏÌÑÈ, <emphasis remap=bf>ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÑ</emphasis> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ X,
     ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        /etc/rc.conf:
          moused_type=ps/2          # or whatever your actual type is
          moused_port=/dev/psm0     # or whatever your real port is
          moused_flags=

        /etc/XF86Config
          Section Pointer
              Protocol "MouseSystems"
              Device   "/dev/sysmouse"
              .....
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÀÀÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ × X ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
     ``<filename>/dev/mouse</filename>''.  þÔÏÂÙ ÏÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÏ, ÆÁÊÌ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
     Ñ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÓÓÙÌËÏÊ ÎÁ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sysmouse">/dev/sysmouse</ulink>:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        # cd /dev
        # rm -f mouse
        # ln -s sysmouse mouse
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        íÅÎÀ É ÄÉÁÌÏÇÏ×ÙÅ ÏËÎÁ × X Window ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ!
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ×ÙËÌÀÞÉÔØ Num Lock.</para>
  

  
<para>åÓÌÉ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÁ Num Lock ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ,
     ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × ÓÅËÃÉÀ ``<emphasis remap=tt>Keyboard</emphasis>'' ÆÁÊÌÁ <emphasis remap=tt>XF86Config</emphasis> ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
     ÓÔÒÏËÕ.</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        # Let the server do the NumLock processing.  This should only be
        # required when using pre-R6 clients
            ServerNumLock
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ É ËÁË ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÉÈ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>÷ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ, ÕÐÒÏÝ£ÎÎÏ ÇÏ×ÏÒÑ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ×ÁÍ ÉÍÅÔØ
     ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÅÁÎÓÏ× ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÔÏÊ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÏÊ ÂÅÚ
     ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ËÁËÏÊ ÂÙ ÔÏ ÎÉ ÂÙÌÏ ÓÅÔÉ ÉÌÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ X.</para>
  

  
<para>ðÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ ÜÔÁÐÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ
     ×ÙÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ ×ÈÏÄ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ××ÅÓÔÉ Ó×Ï£ ÉÍÑ É
     ÐÁÒÏÌØ É ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ (ÉÌÉ ÉÇÒÁÔØ!) ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ.</para>
  
 
<para>÷ ËÁËÏÊ-ÔÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÅÔØ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÅÝ£ ÏÄÎÕ ÓÅÁÎÓ,
     ÓËÁÖÅÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÇÌÑÎÕÔØ × ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ×Ù
     ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÌÉ ÉÌÉ ÄÌÑ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÙ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ
     ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏ FTP.  ðÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ Alt-F2 (ÕÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÑ
     ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ Alt, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ F2) É ×Ù ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔÅ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ, ÖÄÕÝÅÅ ×ÁÓ ÎÁ
     ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ``×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ''!  ëÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ Ë
     ÐÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ÓÅÁÎÓÕ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ Alt-F1.</para>
 
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×Ï FreeBSD ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÙ ÔÒÉ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ
  ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ (8 ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó 3.3-RELEASE), Á ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÉ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ Alt-F1, Alt-F2 É
  Alt-F3 ÓÌÕÖÁÔ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÎÉÍÉ.</para>
 
<para>     þÔÏÂÙ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ËÏÎÓÏÌÅÊ, ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys">/etc/ttys</ulink>,
     ÄÏÂÁ×É× ÔÕÄÁ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÄÌÑ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÏ× Ó ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ ÏÔ ``<emphasis remap=tt>ttyv4</emphasis>'' ÄÏ
     ``<emphasis remap=tt>ttyvc</emphasis>'' ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÌÏ× ``Virtual terminals'':</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        # Edit the existing entry for ttyv3 in /etc/ttys and change
        # "off" to "on".
        ttyv3   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
        ttyv4   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
        ttyv5   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
        ttyv6   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
        ttyv7   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
        ttyv8   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
        ttyv9   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
        ttyva   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
        ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÓÔÏÌØËÏ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÓÞÉÔÁÅÔÅ ÎÕÖÎÙÍ.  þÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ
     ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÏ× Õ ×ÁÓ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ, ÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ× ÏÎÉ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ; ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÍÅÎØÛÅ ÞÅÍ 8íâ ïúõ.
     ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÍÅÎÉÔØ ÓÔÁÔÕÓ ËÏÎÓÏÌÅÊ Ó ``<emphasis remap=tt>secure</emphasis>'' ÎÁ
     ``<emphasis remap=tt>insecure</emphasis>''.</para>
  

  
<para><emphasis remap=bf>÷áöîïå úáíåþáîéå</emphasis> ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ X, ×Ù <emphasis remap=bf>äïìöîù</emphasis>
     ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÌÑ ÎÅÇÏ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ (ÉÌÉ
     ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÊ) ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÊ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ.  ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏ×, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ
     ÉÍÅÔØ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ login ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ Ä×ÅÎÁÄÃÁÔÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙË ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ,
     ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÐÏ×ÅÚÌÏ - ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÉÎÎÁÄÃÁÔÉ ÉÚ
     ÎÉÈ, ÅÓÌÉ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÜÔÏÊ ÖÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÅÝ£ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ X-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ.</para>
  

  
<para>óÁÍÙÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÕÂÒÁÔØ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ Å£
     ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÌÉ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ 12 ËÏÎÓÏÌÑÈ
     ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÙ, ËÁË ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ ×ÙÛÅ, É ÅÝ£ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ X, ÔÏ
     ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ Ä×ÅÎÁÄÃÁÔÏÇÏ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
     ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ Ó:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ÎÁ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  off secure
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>åÓÌÉ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÊ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÅÓÑÔØ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙÈ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ,
     ÔÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÔÁË:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        ttyv9   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  off secure
        ttyva   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  off secure
        ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  off secure
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>(÷Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÉÈ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ.)</para>
  

  
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ×Ù ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ ÆÁÊÌ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys">/etc/ttys</ulink>,
     ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ Õ ×ÁÓ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÄÌÑ
     ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÏ×.  óÁÍÙÊ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        # cd /dev
        # ./MAKEDEV vty12                 # For 12 devices
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>óÁÍÙÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÍ (É ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÙÍ) ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÁËÔÉ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ
     ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ×Ï×ÓÅ ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ
     ÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ X Window System É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ (ËÁË
     ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ):</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        kill -HUP 1
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×Ù ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÚÁËÒÙÌÉ X Window, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÁ
     ÂÙÌÁ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ, ÄÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÅÔÅ,
     ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏ×ÉÓÎÕÔØ/ÚÁÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
     kill.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁË ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÍ ËÏÎÓÏÌÑÍ ÉÚ X?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ X Window, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
     ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÉ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ, ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ Ctrl-Alt-F1, ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ × ÒÅÖÉÍ
     ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌØÀ.  úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÞÔÏ ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù
     ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÉÔÅÓØ ÉÚ X Window × ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÊ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ Alt- ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ × ÄÒÕÇÏÊ
     ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÊ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ ÉÌÉ ÓÎÏ×Á × X Window.  ÷ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÅÝ£ ÎÁÖÉÍÁÔØ
     ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ Ctrl.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ Ctrl ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÉ × X,
     ÔÏ × ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ÒÅÌÉÚÁÈ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛÁ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÁÑ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ
     ÏÓÔÁÌÁÓØ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ``ÚÁÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ control''. îÁÖÍÉÔÅ ÜÔÕ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ
     ÅÝ£ ÒÁÚ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ XDM ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ?</para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÔØ Ä×Å ÆÉÌÏÓÏÆÓËÉÅ ÛËÏÌÙ, ÐÒÏÐÏ×ÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&amp;query=xdm">xdm</ulink>.  ðÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÔÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔ xdm ÉÚ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys">/etc/ttys</ulink>,
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÔÏÇÄÁ ËÁË ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÚÁÐÕÓË xdm ×
     ÓËÒÉÐÔ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc">rc.local</ulink> ÉÌÉ <filename>X.sh</filename>, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉ× ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
     <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename>.  ïÂÁ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ ÒÁ×ÎÏÐÒÁ×ÎÙ, É ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ
     ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑÈ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÎÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ É
     ÎÁÏÂÏÒÏÔ.  ÷ ÏÂÏÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÏÄÉÎ É ÔÏÔ ÖÅ: X ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔ
     ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ login:.</para>
  

  
<para>ðÌÀÓÏÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ttys Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÏÇÏ,
     ÎÁ ËÁËÏÍ vty ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ X É ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÓÔØ ÚÁ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓË
     X-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÐÒÉ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÉ ÓÅÁÎÓÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÌÅÖÉÔ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ init.  íÅÔÏÄ
     Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ rc.local ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÒÅËÒÁÔÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ xdm, ÅÓÌÉ
     ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ X ×ÏÚÎÉËÌÉ ËÁËÉÅ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.</para>
 
<para>éÚ rc.local <emphasis remap=tt>xdm</emphasis> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ ÂÅÚ
     ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏ×, (ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ËÁË ÄÁÅÍÏÎ).  xdm ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ ðïóìå ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
     getty, ÉÎÁÞÅ ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÏ×ÁÔØ, ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÑ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ.  ìÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ
     ×ÙÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÐÁÕÚÕ ÓÅËÕÎÄ ÎÁ 10 É ÐÏÔÏÍ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ xdm.</para>
 
<para>÷ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ FAQ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÌÏÓØ Ï ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
     <emphasis remap=tt>vt</emphasis> ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ X, × ÆÁÊÌ
     <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers</filename>.  îÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ
     ÎÅÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ: X ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÙÊ <emphasis remap=tt>vt</emphasis>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
     ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÊÔÉ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ xconsole ×ÙÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ``Couldn't open console''.
      </para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÅ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&amp;query=X">X</ulink> ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓËÒÉÐÔ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&amp;query=startx">startx</ulink>, ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï /dev/console <emphasis remap=tt>ÎÅ</emphasis> ÉÚÍÅÎÑÀÔÓÑ,
     ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÔÁËÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ËÁË <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&amp;query=xterm">xterm -C</ulink> É <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&amp;query=xconsole">xconsole</ulink>, ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ.</para>
  

  
<para>üÔÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ÐÒÁ× ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.
     ÷ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ×Ï×ÓÅ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÌÀÂÏÊ
     ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÇ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÕÀ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ.  äÌÑ
     ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ×ÏÛÅÄÛÉÈ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ VTY, ÄÌÑ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ
     ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÆÁÊÌ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?fbtab">fbtab</ulink>.</para>
  

  
<para>÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ, ÒÁÓËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ ×ÉÄÁ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        /dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/console
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>× ÆÁÊÌÅ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?fbtab(5)">/etc/fbtab</ulink>, É ÜÔÏÇÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÓÑËÉÊ,
     ËÔÏ ×ÏÛ£Ì × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó <filename>/dev/ttyv0</filename>, ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë
     ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>íÏÑ ÍÙÛØ PS/2 × X ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ.</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ÐÏÌÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛÁ ÍÙÛØ É Å£ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ
     ÒÁÓÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉÓØ.</para>
  

  
<para>÷ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ 2.2.5 É ÂÏÌÅÅ ÒÁÎÎÉÈ ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÏÉÚÏÊÔÉ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÉ
     ÉÚ X × ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÊ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ É ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÉ × X.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÁ
     ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÞÁÓÔÏ, ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
     ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ É ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ.</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        options PSM_CHECKSYNC
      </literallayout>
</para>

<para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÏÐÙÔÁ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <link
     linkend="make-kernel">ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ</link>.</para>
 
<para>ó ÜÔÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÅÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÅÊ ÍÙÛÉ É Å£ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ
     ÂÙÔØ ÍÅÎØÛÅ.  åÓÌÉ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÜÔÁ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ×Ó£ ÖÅ ÏÓÔÁÌÁÓØ, Ý£ÌËÎÉÔÅ
     ÌÀÂÏÊ ËÎÏÐËÏÊ ÍÙÛÉ, ÎÅ Ä×ÉÇÁÑ ÅÊ, ÞÔÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔ ÍÙÛØ É ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ
     ÐÏÐÙÔËÕ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ.</para>
 
<para>úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÜÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É
     ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÀ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ``tap'' ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ALPS GlidePoint,
     ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÇÏ Ë ÐÏÒÔÕ ÍÙÛÉ PS/2.</para>
  

  
<para>÷ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ 2.2.6 É ×ÙÛÅ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÁ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÁ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ
     É ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ × ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÍÙÛÉ PS/2.  ïÎÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÄÁÖÅ Ó
     GlidePort.  (ôÁË ËÁË ËÏÄ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÓÔÁÌ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ ÆÕÎËÃÉÅÊ, ÏÐÃÉÑ
     PSM_CHECKSYNC × ÜÔÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ ÎÅÖÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ.)  ïÄÎÁËÏ × ÒÅÄËÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ
     ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÛÉÂÏÞÎÏ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÅÊ, É ×Ù
     ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÔÁËÉÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÑÄÒÁ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        psmintr: out of sync (xxxx != yyyy)
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>     Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÍÙÛØ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ.</para>
  

  
<para>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÓÌÕÞÉÔÓÑ, ÏÔÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÕ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×É×
     ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÆÌÁÇÁ ÄÌÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÍÙÛÉ PS/2 × 0x100.  ÷ÏÊÄÉÔÅ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÔÏÒ
     <emphasis>UserConfig</emphasis>, ÚÁÄÁ× ÏÐÃÉÀ ``<option>-c</option>'' × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ
     ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        boot: -c
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>     úÁÔÅÍ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ <emphasis>UserConfig</emphasis> ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        UserConfig&gt; flags psm0 0x100
        UserConfig&gt; quit
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>íÏÑ ÍÙÛØ PS/2 ÏÔ MouseSystems ÐÏÈÏÖÅ, ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</para></question><answer>

<para>âÙÌÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÄÅÌÉ ÍÙÛÅÊ PS/2 ÏÔ
     MouseSystems ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ``×ÙÓÏËÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ''.  ÷
     ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÒÅÖÉÍÁÈ ËÕÒÓÏÒ ÍÙÛÉ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÐÒÙÇÁÅÔ × ×ÅÒÈÎÉÊ ÌÅ×ÙÊ ÕÇÏÌ
     ÜËÒÁÎÁ.</para>
 
<para>ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÄÌÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ 2.0.X É 2.1.X ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÎÅ
     ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ.  äÌÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÏÔ 2.2 ÄÏ 2.2.5 ÐÒÉÌÏÖÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÁÔÞ Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ
     <filename>/sys/i386/isa/psm.c</filename> É ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ
     ÎÅÔ ÏÐÙÔÁ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <link
     linkend="make-kernel">ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ</link>.</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>diff -u psm.c.orig psm.c
@@ -766,6 +766,8 @@
     if (verbose &gt;= 2)
 	log(LOG_DEBUG, "psm%d: SET_DEFAULTS return code:%04x\n",
 	    unit, i);
+    set_mouse_resolution(sc-&gt;kbdc, PSMD_RES_HIGH);
+
 #if 0
     set_mouse_scaling(sc-&gt;kbdc); 	/* 1:1 scaling */
     set_mouse_mode(sc-&gt;kbdc);		/* stream mode */
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>äÌÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ 2.2.6 É ×ÙÛÅ ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÆÌÁÇ 0x04 ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÕ ÍÙÛÉ PS/2
     ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÁ Å£ × ÒÅÖÉÍ ×ÙÓÏËÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ. ÷ÏÊÄÉÔÅ ×
     <emphasis>UserConfig</emphasis>, ÚÁÄÁ× ÏÐÃÉÀ ``<option>-c</option>'' × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ
     ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        boot: -c
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>     úÁÔÅÍ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ <emphasis>UserConfig</emphasis> ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        UserConfig&gt; flags psm0 0x04
        UserConfig&gt; quit
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>÷ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁÑ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó ÍÙÛØÀ.</para>
  
<para>  </para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>      ðÒÉ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ ÄÌÑ X <emphasis remap=tt>imake</emphasis> ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÆÁÊÌ
      <filename>Imake.tmpl</filename>.  çÄÅ ÏÎ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ?
    </para></question><answer>

<para>æÁÊÌ Imake.tmpl Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÁÓÔØÀ ÐÁËÅÔÁ Imake, ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÇÏ
   ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ X-ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ.  ïÎ, ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË ÅÝ£ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
   ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏÞÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÙÈ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ X-ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ
   × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Å ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ X.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÈ ÐÒÏÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÚ sysinstall
   ÉÌÉ ×ÚÑÔØ ÉÚ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á X. </para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÐÏÍÅÎÑÔØ ÍÅÓÔÁÍÉ ËÎÏÐËÉ ÍÙÛÉ?</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <literal> xmodmap -e "pointer = 3 2 1"</literal> ×
     ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× .xinitrc ÉÌÉ .xsession.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÜËÒÁÎÎÕÀ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ËÕ É ÇÄÅ ÔÁËÉÅ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÎÏ
     ÎÁÊÔÉ?</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÓÁÍÙÍ ×ÙÐÕÓËÏÍ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ FreeBSD 3.1 × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÂÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ
     ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ &quot;ÚÁÓÔÁ×ËÉ&quot; ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.  îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ
     ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÜËÒÁÎÙ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÏË ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ 256-Ã×ÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ BMP
     <filename>*.BMP</filename> ÉÌÉ ZSoft PCX (<filename>*.PCX</filename>).
     ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÏÎÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÍÅÔØ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ 320x200 ÉÌÉ ÍÅÎØÛÅ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÏ
     ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÍÉ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÍÉ VGA. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ËÌÀÞÉÌÉ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ VESA ÐÒÉ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ
     ÑÄÒÁ, ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜËÒÁÎÙ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ ÄÏ 1024x768.  úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ
     ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ VESA ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÏÐÃÉÉ <emphasis remap=tt>VM86</emphasis>
     ÐÒÉ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ.  òÅÁÌØÎÁÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ VESA ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ ×
     ÑÄÒÏ ÐÒÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ÏÐÃÉÉ <acronym>VESA</acronym> ÌÉÂÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÁ × ×ÉÄÅ
     kld-ÍÏÄÕÌÑ ÑÄÒÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.</para>

<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ËÕ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÅ
     ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ FreeBSD.  æÏÒÍÁÔ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÂÙÌ ÉÚÍÅΣΠÐÅÒÅÄ ×ÙÐÕÓËÏÍ
     ÒÅÌÉÚÁ FreeBSD 3.2, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÜËÒÁÎÎÙÈ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÏË:</para>

<para>
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>FreeBSD 3.1</para>

<para>ðÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÜËÒÁÎÎÕÀ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ËÕ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ BMP. òÅÌÉÚ 3.1
     ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ËÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ Windows.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ×Ù
     ÎÁÛÌÉ ÐÏÎÒÁ×É×ÛÕÀÓÑ ×ÁÍ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ËÕ, ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔŠţ × ÆÁÊÌ
     <filename>/boot/splash.bmp</filename>.  úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ × ÆÁÊÌ
     <filename>/boot/loader.rc</filename> ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>

<para>
  <literallayout>
    load kernel
    load -t splash_image_data /boot/splash.bmp
    load splash_bmp
    autoboot
  </literallayout>
</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>

<para>FreeBSD 3.2+</para>

<para>ëÒÏÍÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÏË × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ PCX, FreeBSD 3.2 ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÇÉÂËÕÀ
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÅÔÏÄ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ ×ÙÛÅ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD 3.1.  åÓÌÉ ÖÅ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ PCX, ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ <symbol>splash_bmp</symbol> ÎÁ
     <symbol>splash_pcx</symbol>.  ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ
     ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/boot/loader.rc</filename>, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÊ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ
     ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>

<para>
  <literallayout>
    include /boot/loader.4th
    start
  </literallayout>
</para>

<para>É ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> ÓÏ ÓÔÒÏËÁÍÉ:</para>

<para>
  <literallayout>
    splash_bmp_load="YES"
    bitmap_load="YES"
  </literallayout>
</para>

<para>úÄÅÓØ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÚÁÓÔÁ×ËÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ
     <filename>/boot/splash.bmp</filename>.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ PCX-ÆÁÊÌ,
     ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÅÇÏ ÐÏÄ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ <filename>/boot/splash.pcx</filename>, ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ
     ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/boot/loader.rc</filename>, ËÁË ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ ×ÙÛÅ, É ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ
     ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ
     ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>

<para>
  <literallayout>
    splash_pcx_load="YES"
    bitmap_load="YES"
    bitmap_name="/boot/splash.pcx"
  </literallayout>
</para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>

<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ó£, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ - ÜÔÏ ÓÁÍÁ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ËÁ.  ðÏÉÝÉÔÅ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ËÉ ×
     ÇÁÌÅÒÅÅ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ <ulink 
     URL="http://www.cslab.vt.edu/~jobaldwi/splash/">http://www.cslab.vt.edu/~jobaldwi/splash/</ulink>.</para>

</answer></qandaentry></qandaset>
</chapter>


<chapter
id="networking">
<title>òÁÂÏÔÁ × ÓÅÔÉ</title>


<qandaset><qandaentry><question>
<para>çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ``ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ''?</para></question><answer>

<para>``âÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÁÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ'' ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ Ó FreeBSD ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ
     ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ É ÞÉÔÁÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, Á ÎÅ ÓÏ Ó×ÏÅÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ.
     ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÅÓÔØ ×
     <ulink URL="../../handbook/diskless.html">ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÇÌÁ×Å</ulink>
     òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>íÏÖÅÔ ÌÉ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ Ó FreeBSD ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÁË ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ?
     </para></question><answer>

<para>óÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÙ Internet É ÏÐÙÔ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÎÁÍ
     × FreeBSD ÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÀ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ. ÷Ù,
     ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, ÉÚÍÅÎÉ× ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf">rc.conf</ulink> ÎÁ <acronym>YES</acronym>:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        gateway_enable=YES          # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway
      </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sysctl">ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ</ulink>
     <filename>net.inet.ip.forwarding</filename> ÎÁ <emphasis remap=tt>1</emphasis>.</para>
  
<para>ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ×ÁÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ
     ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ, ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÂßÑ×ÉÔØ Ï ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ
     ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ; FreeBSD ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÏ
     ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ BSD-ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?routed">routed</ulink>, × ÂÏÌÅÅ
     ÓÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑÈ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ <emphasis>GaTeD</emphasis>
     (ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÊ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ
     <ulink URL="http://www.gated.org/">http://www.gated.org </ulink>
     Ó <filename>ftp.gated.Merit.EDU</filename>), ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
     ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 3_5Alpha7.</para>

<para>íÙ ÏÂÑÚÁÎÙ ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÄÉÔØ ×ÁÓ, ÞÔÏ ÄÁÖÅ ËÏÇÄÁ FreeBSD ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ
     ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÏÎÁ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÁÍ Internet 
     ÄÌÑ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÏ×, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÜÔÏÇÏ È×ÁÔÁÅÔ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ Ó Win95 Ë Internet Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ FreeBSD?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÔÅ, ËÔÏ ÚÁÄÁÅÔ ÔÁËÉÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ, ÉÍÅÀÔ ÄÏÍÁ Ä×Á ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ,
     ÏÄÉÎ Ó FreeBSD, Á ÄÒÕÇÏÊ Ó Win95; ÉÄÅÑ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ × ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
     FreeBSD ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë Internet, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØ ×ÙÈÏÄ ×
     Internet ÉÚ Windows95 ÞÅÒÅÚ FreeBSD. îÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
     ÏÓÏÂÙÊ ÓÌÕÞÁÊ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÇÏ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÁ.</para>
  

  
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÊ <ulink URL="http://www.ssimicro.com/~jeremyc/ppp.html">ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ</ulink>,
     ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÝÉÊ, ËÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ FreeBSD × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ Ó ×ÙÈÏÄÏÍ
     ÐÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ PPP.</para>
  

  
<para><emphasis remap=bf>úáíåþáîéå:</emphasis> ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÔØ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ Ä×Á 
     ÆÉËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÁ, Á ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ, ÔÒÉ ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÅ, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ
     ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ ÍÁÛÉÎ Ó Windows ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØ. ëÁË ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ,
     ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÆÉËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
     ÏÄÎÕ ÉÚ ÞÁÓÔÎÙÈ IP ÐÏÄÓÅÔÅÊ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ <emphasis remap=bf>ÐÒÏËÓÉ</emphasis> ÔÉÐÁ 
     <ulink URL="http://squid.nlanr.net/Squid/">SQUID</ulink> ÉÌÉ
     <ulink URL="http://www.tis.com/">TIS</ulink> ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ Ó FreeBSD.</para>
 
<para>ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ Ï <link linkend="natd">natd</link>.</para>

</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ BIND ÏÔ ISC?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÏ - ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÆÁÊÌÏÍ ``<filename>cdefs.h</filename>'' ×
     ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Å É ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Ó FreeBSD. äÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ 
     ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>compat/include/sys/cdefs.h</filename>.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ FreeBSD ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ SLIP É PPP?</para></question><answer>

<para>äÁ. ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍ 
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?slattach">slattach</ulink>, <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sliplogin">sliplogin</ulink>,
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppd">pppd</ulink> É 
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">ppp</ulink>.
     <emphasis remap=tt>Pppd</emphasis> É <emphasis remap=tt>ppp</emphasis> ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ ËÁË ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ, ÔÁË É ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ
     ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ. <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sliplogin">Sliplogin</ulink> ÉÍÅÅÔ ÄÅÌÏ ÉÓËÌÀÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÓÏ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍ,
     Á <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?slattach">slattach</ulink> - ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÍÉ.</para>
 
<para>üÔÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ
     <ulink URL="../../handbook/index.html">ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á</ulink>:</para>
  
<para>     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="../../handbook/slips.html">ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ SLIP (ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ)</ulink>

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="../../handbook/slipc.html">ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ SLIP (ËÌÉÅÎÔ)</ulink>

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="../../handbook/ppp.html">ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ PPP (ÒÅÖÉÍ ÑÄÒÁ)</ulink>

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="../../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#USERPPP">ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ PPP (ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ)</ulink>
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  

  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÍÅÅÔÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ × Internet ÞÅÒÅÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ
     ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄÏÊÔÉ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^slirp">slirp</ulink>.
     ó ÅÇÏ ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ (ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÙÊ) ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÔÁËÉÍ
     ÓÌÕÖÂÁÍ, ËÁË ftp É http ÐÒÑÍÏ Ó ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question
id="natd">
<para>        ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ FreeBSD NAT ÉÌÉ Masquerading?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÁÑ ÓÅÔØ (ÏÄÎÁ ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÍÁÛÉÎ), ÎÏ
     ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÏÍ, ×ÁÓ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÌÅÞØ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?natd">natd</ulink>.
     <emphasis remap=tt>Natd</emphasis> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØ ×ÓÀ ÓÅÔØ Ë Internet, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ
     ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ.</para>
  

  
<para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">ppp</ulink> ÉÍÅÅÔ ÐÏÈÏÖÕÀ ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÕÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ 
     <option>-alias</option>.  ÷ ÏÂÏÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias">libalias</ulink>.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>


<qandaentry><question>
<para>îÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï <filename>/dev/ed0</filename>!</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ âÅÒËÌÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ
     ÎÁÐÒÑÍÕÀ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÑÄÒÕ.  úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ
     ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ <filename>/etc/rc.network</filename> É ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ,
     ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÝÉÍ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÕÐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍÙÅ ÚÄÅÓØ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ó£
     ÜÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔ ×ÁÓ × ÎÅÄÏÕÍÅÎÉÉ, ÐÏÞÉÔÁÊÔÅ ËÎÉÇÕ, ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÝÕÀ
     ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÉ × ÄÒÕÇÏÊ BSD-ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ;
     Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÎÅÚÎÁÞÉÔÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÉ
     ×Ï FreeBSD × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÅÔ Ó SunOS 4.0 É Ultrix.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÁÌÉÁÓ ÎÁ Ethernet?</para></question><answer>

<para>äÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ``<literal>netmask 0xffffffff</literal>'' × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig">ifconfig</ulink>
     ÔÁË, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ ÚÄÅÓØ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        ifconfig ed0 alias 204.141.95.2 netmask 0xffffffff
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁË ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ 3C503 ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÔÉÐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÒÁÚߣÍÁ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÒÁÚߣÍ, ÔÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ
     ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig">ifconfig</ulink>. òÁÚߣÍÏÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ``<emphasis remap=tt>link0</emphasis>''.
     þÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÒÁÚß£Í AUI, Á ÎÅ BNC, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ``<emphasis remap=tt>link2</emphasis>''.
     üÔÉ ÆÌÁÇÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÕËÁÚÁÎÙ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ifconfig_*
     × <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf">/etc/rc.conf</ulink>.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>õ ÍÅÎÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ NFS ×Ï FreeBSD.</para></question><answer>

<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ (ÍÑÇËÏ ÇÏ×ÏÒÑ) ÈÕÖÅ, ÞÅÍ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
     ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ ÔÉÐÁ NFS,
     ÉÎÔÅÎÓÉ×ÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÈ ÓÅÔØ.</para>
  

  
<para>ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ × <ulink URL="../../handbook/nfs.html">ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÇÌÁ×Å</ulink> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÏÊ NFS.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÉÓË Linux ÐÏ NFS?</para></question><answer>

<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ NFS ÄÌÑ Linux ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÎÁ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
     ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ; ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÉÓË Sun ÐÏ NFS?</para></question><answer>

<para>òÁÂÏÞÉÅ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ Sun ÐÏÄ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ SunOS 4.X ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ
     ÎÁ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ; ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        mount -o -P sunbox:/blah /mnt
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ Ó×ÑÚÉ ÐÏ PPP Ó ÍÁÛÉÎÁÍÉ NeXTStep.</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÏÔÍÅÎÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑ TCP × <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf">/etc/rc.conf</ulink>,
     ÉÚÍÅÎÉ× ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × NO:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        tcp_extensions=NO
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>íÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÙ Annex ÆÉÒÍÙ Xylogic ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÐÏ ÜÔÏÊ ÖÅ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÅ,
     ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÉ Ë ÎÉÍ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÒÏÄÅÌÁÔØ ÔÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÅ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ multicast IP?</para></question><answer>

<para>òÁÂÏÔÁ Ó ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÊ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÏÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ
     ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÍÉ FreeBSD 2.0 É ×ÙÛÅ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
     ×ÁÛ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ËÁË ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ
     ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÑÄÒÏ Ó ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÅÊ <acronym>MROUTING</acronym> É
     ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ <emphasis remap=tt>mrouted</emphasis>.  ÷ÅÒÓÉÉ FreeBSD 2.2 É ×ÙÛÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ
     <emphasis remap=tt>mrouted</emphasis> ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <symbol>mrouted_enable</symbol>
     × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ × ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ "YES".</para>
  

  
<para>ðÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ MBONE ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × Ó×ÏÅÊ ËÁÔÅÇÏÒÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, mbone.  åÓÌÉ
     ×Ù ÉÝÅÔÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÊ <emphasis remap=tt>vic</emphasis> É <emphasis remap=tt>vat</emphasis>,
     ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÔÁÍ!</para>
  

  
<para>âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ
     <ulink URL="http://www.mbone.com/">Mbone Information Web</ulink>.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁËÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏÒÅ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ DEC PCI?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>÷ÏÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË, ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÊ <ulink URL="mailto:gfoster@driver.nsta.org">çÌÅÎÏÍ æÏÓÔÅÒÏÍ</ulink> (Glen Foster), Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÎÅÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ
     ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑÍÉ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        ðÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØ   íÏÄÅÌØ
        ----------------------------------------------
        ASUS            PCI-L101-TB
        Accton          ENI1203
        Cogent          EM960PCI
        Compex          ENET32-PCI
        D-Link          DE-530
        Dayna           DP1203, DP2100
        DEC             DE435, DE450
        Danpex          EN-9400P3
        JCIS            Condor JC1260
        Linksys         EtherPCI
        Mylex           LNP101
        SMC             EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332)
        SMC             EtherPower (Model 8432)
        TopWare         TE-3500P
        Znyx            (2.2.x) ZX312, ZX314, ZX342, ZX345, ZX346, ZX348
                        (3.x) ZX345Q, ZX346Q, ZX348Q, ZX412Q, ZX414, ZX442,
                              ZX444, ZX474, ZX478, ZX212, ZX214 (10mbps/hd)
      </literallayout>
</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ FQDN ÄÌÑ ÈÏÓÔÏ× ÎÅ × ÍÏÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>÷Ù, ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÏÅ, ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌÉ, ÞÔÏ ÈÏÓÔ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ ×Ù ÏÂÒÁÔÉÌÉÓØ, 
     ÏËÁÚÁÌÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ × ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÄÏÍÅÎÅ; ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÅÓØ
     × ÄÏÍÅÎÅ foo.bar.edu É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÒÁÔÔÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÈÏÓÔÕ ``mumble'' × ÄÏÍÅÎÅ
     bar.edu, ÔÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÐÏÌÎÏÅ ÄÏÍÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÍÑ, ``mumble.bar.edu'',
     Á ÎÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ``mumble''.</para>
  

  
<para>ôÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏ, ÜÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÌ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÒÅÓÏÌ×ÅÒ BSD BIND. ïÄÎÁËÏ ÔÅËÕÝÁÑ
     ×ÅÒÓÉÑ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?named">bind</ulink>, 
     ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÁÑ Ó FreeBSD, ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÄÏÍÅÎÏ×,
     ÏÔÌÉÞÁÀÝÉÈÓÑ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ×Ù ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÄÌÑ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ
     ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÉͣΠÈÏÓÔÏ×.  ôÁË ÞÔÏ ÎÅÐÏÌÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ <emphasis remap=tt>mumble</emphasis>
     ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÁÊÄÅÎ ÌÉÂÏ ËÁË <filename>mumble.foo.bar.edu</filename>, ÌÉÂÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓËÁÔØÓÑ
     × ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÍ ÄÏÍÅÎÅ.</para>
  

  
<para>üÔÏ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÇÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ, ÐÒÉ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÏÉÓË
     ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÌÓÑ × <filename>mumble.bar.edu</filename>, É <filename>mumble.edu</filename>.
     ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ RFC 1535 Ï ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÈ ÏÂßÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÐÌÏÈÏÊ
     ÐÒÁËÔÉËÏÊ É ÄÁÖÅ ÏÛÉÂËÏÊ × ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
  

  
<para>ëÁË ÈÏÒÏÛÅÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÕ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        search foo.bar.edu bar.edu
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÒÁÎÅÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        domain foo.bar.edu
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>× ÆÁÊÌ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?resolv.conf">/etc/resolv.conf</ulink>.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÒÑÄÏË ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÎÅ
     ÎÁÒÕÛÁÅÔ ``ÇÒÁÎÉà ÐÏÌÎÏÍÏÞÉÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÍÅÓÔÎÙÍ É ×ÎÅÛÎÉÍ
     ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ'', ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÏ × RFC 1535.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>``Permission denied'' ÄÌÑ ÌÀÂÙÈ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ × ÓÅÔÉ.</para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ ÑÄÒÏ Ó ÏÐÃÉÅÊ <acronym>IPFIREWALL</acronym>, ÉÍÅÊÔÅ × 
     ×ÉÄÕ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ ËÁË × 2.1.7R (ÏÎÁ
     ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌÁÓØ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ 2.1-STABLE), ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ
     ÕËÁÚÁÎ ÚÁÐÒÅÔ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ Ñ×ÎÏ ÎÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÙ.</para>
  

  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏ ÎÅ×ÅÒÎÏ ÏÔËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒ, ÔÏ ÄÌÑ
     ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØ ÓÅÔÉ ÄÁÊÔÅ ÔÁËÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ, ×ÏÊÄÑ
     ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ôÁËÖÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ "firewall_type='open'" × ÆÁÊÌÅ
     <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
  

  
<para>âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ ×
     FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <ulink URL="../../handbook/firewalls.html">ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ</ulink> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁËÕÀ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ IPFW?</para></question><answer>

<para>ïÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ÜÔÏÔ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÏÔ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ
     É ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ.  äÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈ
     ÄÅÌÏ Ó ethernet É ÐÒÏÓÔÙÍ ÎÁÂÏÒÏÍ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ, ÏÔ×ÅÔ: ÎÅÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ.  äÌÑ
     ÔÅÈ, ËÏÍÕ ÎÕÖÎÙ ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÅ ÃÉÆÒÙ ÄÌÑ ÕÄÏ×ÌÅÔ×ÏÒÅÉÑ ÌÀÂÏÐÙÔÓÔ×Á,
     ÞÉÔÁÊÔÅ ÄÁÌØÛÅ.</para>
  

  
<para>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÉÚÍÅÒÅÎÉÑ ÂÙÌÉ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ 2.2.5-STABLE ÎÁ
     ÍÁÛÉÎÅ 486-66.  IPFW ÂÙÌ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÒÅÎÉÑ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ,
     ÚÁÔÒÁÞÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ <symbol>ip_fw_chk</symbol> É ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÏ×
     ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ ËÁÖÄÕÀ ÔÙÓÑÞÕ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.</para>
  

  
<para>ôÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉÓØ Ä×Á ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÐÏ 1000 ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ × ËÁÖÄÏÍ.  ðÅÒ×ÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ
     ÂÙÌ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÄÅÍÏÎÓÔÒÁÃÉÉ ÎÁÉÈÕÄÛÅÇÏ ÓÌÕÞÁÑ, ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÑÑ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÅ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        ipfw add deny tcp from any to any 55555
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>üÔÏ ÎÁÉÈÕÄÛÉÊ ÓÌÕÞÁÊ, ÔÁË ËÁË ×ÓÅ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑ IPFW ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÅÎÙ
     ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÉÎÑÔÏ ÏËÏÎÞÁÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÐÁËÅÔ
     ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÀ (ÍÙ ÍÅÎÑÌÉ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÐÏÒÔÁ).  ðÏÓÌÅ 999
     ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÅÎÉÊ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÌÏÓØ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ
     <emphasis remap=tt>allow ip from any to any</emphasis>.</para>
  

  
<para>÷ÔÏÒÏÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÂÙÌ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÂÙÓÔÒÏÇÏ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÑ
     ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÊ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        ipfw add deny ip from 1.2.3.4 to 1.2.3.4
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>îÅÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÛÉÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑ
     ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÐÕÓË ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÁ.  ëÁË É ÒÁÎÅÅ, ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÍ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏÍ
     ÂÙÌÏ <emphasis remap=tt>allow ip from any to any</emphasis>.</para>
  

  
<para>úÁÔÒÁÔÙ ÎÁ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÕ ÐÁËÅÔÁ × ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ 2.703
     ÍÓ/ÐÁËÅÔ, ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ 2.7 ÍÉËÒÏÓÅËÕÎÄ ÎÁ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ.  ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ,
     ÔÅÏÒÅÔÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× Ó ÜÔÉÍÉ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÁÍÉ
     ÒÁ×ÅÎ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ 370 ÐÁËÅÔÁÍ × ÓÅËÕÎÄÕ.  ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
     ethernet 10íÂ/Ó Ó ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ ÐÁËÅÔÁ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ 1500, ÍÙ ÍÏÖÅÍ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÕÔØ
     ÔÏÌØËÏ 55.5% ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
  

  
<para>÷ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÁ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÕ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÁËÅÔÁ ÂÙÌÏ ÚÁÔÒÁÞÅÎÏ
     ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ 1.172ÍÓ, ÉÌÉ ÏËÏÌÏ 1.2 ÍÉËÒÏÓÅËÕÎÄ ÎÁ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ.  ôÅÏÒÅÔÉÞÅÓËÉÊ
     ÐÒÅÄÅÌ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁ×ÅÎ ÏËÏÌÏ 853 ÐÁËÅÔÁÍ × ÓÅËÕÎÄÕ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÞÔÉ
     ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ 10íÂ/Ó ethernet.</para>
  

  
<para>âÏÌØÛÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ É ÐÒÉÒÏÄÁ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ
     ÎÅ ÄÁ£Ô ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ Ï ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÊ ÖÉÚÎÉ - ÏÎÉ ÂÙÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ
     ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ.  ÷ÏÔ 
     ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÎÁÂÌÀÄÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ × ×ÉÄÕ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÉ
     ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ:</para>
  
<para>     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>ðÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ `established' × ÓÁÍÏÅ ÎÁÞÁÌÏ ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÄÌÑ
       ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ TCP.  îÅ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÊÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÎÉÍ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ
       ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ <emphasis remap=tt>allow tcp</emphasis>.

       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>óÔÁÒÁÊÔÅÓØ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÔØ ÞÁÓÔÏ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÁ ËÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÒÁÎØÛÅ,
       Á ÒÅÄËÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ - ÐÏÚÖÅ (<emphasis remap=bf>ÂÅÚ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÉ</emphasis>,
       ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ).  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ ÞÁÓÔÏÔÕ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
       ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>ipfw -a l</command>.

     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ Ó ÏÄÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ÎÁ FTP (ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ) Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
     ÐÁËÁÄÖÁ 'socket', ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÇÏ × ÄÅÒÅ×Å ÐÏÒÔÏ× × ËÁÔÅÇÏÒÉÉ 'sysutils'.
     ðÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ ÎÁ ×ÙÚÏ× socket,
     ÔÉÐÁ:</para>
  
<para>
<literallayout>ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket ftp.foo.com ftp</literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ÇÄÅ 'ftp.foo.com' É 'ftp' Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÈÏÓÔÏÍ É ÐÏÒÔÏÍ
     ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×Á ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÔÒÁÆÉËÏÍ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>äÌÑ FreeBSD ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ Ä×Á ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×Á ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÔÒÁÆÉËÏÍ: Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏ
     ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÅÍÙÊ <ulink
     URL="http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/kjc/programs.html">ALTQ</ulink>
     É ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÊ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔ Bandwidth Manager ÏÔ <ulink 
     URL="http://www.etinc.com/">Emerging Technologies</ulink>.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ``/dev/bpf0: device not configured"?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>äÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÈ Berkeley Packet Filter <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?bpf">(bpf)</ulink> ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
     ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ × ÑÄÒÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ.  ðÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ,
     ÄÏÂÁ×É× × ÅÇÏ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        pseudo-device bpfilter		# Berkeley Packet Filter
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>úÁÔÅÍ, ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ
     ÆÁÊÌ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÓÍÅÎÉ× ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÎÁ 
     <filename>/dev</filename> É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ</para>
  
<para>     
<informalexample>
<screen>      # sh MAKEDEV bpf0
      </screen>
</informalexample>
</para>
  
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÏÍÕ <ulink URL="../../handbook/kernelconfig-nodes.html">ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×</ulink> ÚÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ ÜÔÏÍÕ
     ×ÏÐÒÏÓÕ.</para>

</answer></qandaentry></qandaset>
</chapter>


<chapter
id="ppp">
<title>PPP</title>

<qandaset><qandaentry><question
id="userppp">

<para>îÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ppp. þÔÏ Ñ ÄÅÌÁÀ ÎÅ ÔÁË?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ</ulink>, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÙÅ ppp, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ
     <ulink URL="../../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#USERPPP">ÒÁÚÄÅÌ</ulink> ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á.
     ÷ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command
      </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>üÔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÂÒÁÎÁ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> ÉÌÉ
     ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ
     <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> (ÎÁÞÁÌÏ ÓÅËÃÉÉ <emphasis remap=bf>default</emphasis> - ÌÕÞÛÅÅ
     ÄÌÑ ÎÅ£ ÍÅÓÔÏ. õÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?syslog.conf">/etc/syslog.conf</ulink> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÓÔÒÏËÉ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        !ppp
        *.*              /var/log/ppp.log
      </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>É ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/var/log/ppp.log</filename> ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ. ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ
     ÎÁÊÔÉ ÐÏÌÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÅÍ × ÆÁÊÌÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ. îÅ
     ÂÅÓÐÏËÏÊÔÅÓØ, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅ ×Ó£ ×ÁÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÔÁÍ ÐÏÎÑÔÎÏ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ
     ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÞØÅÊ-ÔÏ ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ, ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÇÏÄÉÔÓÑ.</para>
 
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ppp ÎÅ ÐÏÎÉÍÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ "set log", ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/~brian/">ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÀÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ</ulink>.
     ïÎÁ ÒÁÓÓÞÉÔÁÎÁ ÎÁ FreeBSD ×ÅÒÓÉÊ 2.1.5 É ×ÙÛÅ.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>Ppp ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÁÅÔ, ËÏÇÄÁ Ñ ÅÇÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀ</para></question><answer>

<para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÏ ÉÍÑ
       ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ.  îÁÉÌÕÞÛÉÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÜÔÏ -
       ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÁÛÉÍ
       ÒÅÓÏÌ×ÅÒÏÍ.  ïÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/host.conf</filename>, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉ×
       ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ <emphasis remap=tt>hosts</emphasis>.  úÁÔÅÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ
       ÚÁÐÉÓÉ Ï ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ
       ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ <emphasis remap=tt>localhost</emphasis>:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>127.0.0.1	foo.bar.com foo localhost
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>       ÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÅÝ£ ÏÄÎÕ ÚÁÐÉÓØ Ï ×ÁÛÅÍ ÈÏÓÔÅ.
       ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÚÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÍ
       ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅÍ.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÌÉ ÜÔÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
       ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>ping -c1 `hostname`</command>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>Ppp ÎÅ Ú×ÏÎÉÔ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ -auto</para></question><answer>

<para>÷Ï-ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.
       úÁÐÕÓÔÉ× <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat">netstat -rn</ulink>, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ Ä×Å ÓÔÒÏËÉ ×ÉÄÁ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>Destination        Gateway            Flags     Refs     Use     Netif Expire
default            10.0.0.2           UGSc        0        0      tun0
10.0.0.2           10.0.0.1           UH          0        0      tun0
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>úÄÅÓØ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ, 
       ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£ÎÎÙÅ × òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å, óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÅ ÉÌÉ ÆÁÊÌÅ
       ppp.conf.sample. åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÜÔÏ
       ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÔÁÒÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
       <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">ppp</ulink>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÎÅ ÐÏÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÓÌÏ×Á <acronym>HISADDR</acronym> × ÆÁÊÌÅ
       ppp.conf. åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> ÉÚ FreeBSD ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÒÁÎÅÅ
       ÞÅÍ 2.2.5, ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          add 0 0 HISADDR
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>ÎÁ</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          add 0 0 10.0.0.2
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>äÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
       ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÏÛÉÂÏÞÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ × ×ÁÛÅÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ
       <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf">/etc/rc.conf</ulink> (ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÌÓÑ <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename>
       ÄÏ 2.2.2-RELEASE), É ×Ù ÐÒÏÐÕÓÔÉÌÉ ÓÔÒÏËÕ</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          delete ALL
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>× <filename>ppp.conf</filename>.  ÷ ÔÁËÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍÕ
       <ulink URL="../../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#USERPPP-FINAL">ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ</ulink> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>þÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ "No route to host"?</para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          MYADDR:
            delete ALL
            add 0 0 HISADDR
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>× ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>. ïÎ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ
       IP ÁÄÒÅÓ ×ÙÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉ ÉÌÉ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ ×ÁÍ ÎÅ
       ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÅÎ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ
       ÒÅÖÉÍ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÈÏÄÁ ×
       <emphasis remap=tt>ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ</emphasis> (ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇÌÁ×ÎÙÍÉ
       ÂÕË×ÁÍÉ <acronym>PPP</acronym> × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ):</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          delete ALL
          add 0 0 HISADDR
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <ulink URL="../../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#USERPPP-DYNAMICIP">PPP É ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉÅ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÁ</ulink> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á ÚÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ
       ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ 3 ÍÉÎÕÔÙ</para></question><answer>

<para>ôÁÊÍÁÕÔ ÄÌÑ ppp ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÒÁ×ÅÎ 3 ÍÉÎÕÔÁÍ.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
       ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ ÓÔÒÏËÏÊ</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          set timeout NNN
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>ÇÄÅ <acronym>NNN</acronym> - ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ × ÓÅËÕÎÄÁÈ, ÐÏÓÌÅ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ
       ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÚÁËÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.  åÓÌÉ <acronym>NNN</acronym> ÒÁ×ÎÏ ÎÕÌÀ, ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ
       ÎÅ ÒÁÚÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÔÁÊÍÁÕÔÕ.  üÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ × ÆÁÊÌ
       <filename>ppp.conf</filename> ÉÌÉ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ ÅÅ × ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ.  éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ
       ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÒÉ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ, ÅÓÌÉ
       ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÓÏËÅÔÕ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ
       <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?telnet">telnet</ulink>
       ÉÌÉ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppctl">pppctl</ulink>.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÙÍ
       <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">ppp</ulink>.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÅ</para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ Link Quality Reporting (LQR), ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ,
       ÞÔÏ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× LQR ÔÅÒÑÅÔÓÑ × ËÁÎÁÌÅ.  Ppp ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄ,
       ÞÔÏ ËÁÎÁÌ ÐÌÏÈ, É ÒÁÚÒÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ. ÷ FreeBSD ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2.2.5
       LQR ÂÙÌÏ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.  óÅÊÞÁÓ ÏÎÏ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÏ.
       LQR ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÙËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÏÊ</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          disable lqr
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>          óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÍÅÖÕÔËÉ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ
        </para></question><answer>

<para>éÎÏÇÄÁ, ÎÁ ÛÕÍÎÏÊ ÌÉÎÉÉ ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÎÁ ÌÉÎÉÉ Ó ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ
       ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ Ú×ÏÎËÁ, ×ÁÛ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÅÛÁÔØ ÔÒÕÂËÕ, ÄÕÍÁÑ (ÓÏ×ÅÒÛÅÎÎÏ
       ÎÁÐÒÁÓÎÏ), ÞÔÏ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÌ ÎÅÓÕÝÕÀ.</para>
  
<para>÷ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÍÏÄÅÍÏ× ÅÓÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÝÉÊ ÞÕ×ÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ
       Ë ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÔÅÒÅ ÎÅÓÕÝÅÊ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, × ÍÏÄÅÍÅ USR Sportster,
       ÜÔÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁ S10 × ÄÅÓÑÔÙÈ ÄÏÌÑÈ ÓÅËÕÎÄÙ.
       þÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ Ó×ÑÚØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÕÓÔÏÊÞÉ×ÏÊ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
       ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏÓÙÌÏË-ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÊ × ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          set dial "...... ATS10=10 OK ......"
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Õ ÐÏ ×ÁÛÅÍÕ ÍÏÄÅÍÕ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>          óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ Ò×£ÔÓÑ × ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÍÅÖÕÔËÉ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ
        </para></question><answer>

<para>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÀÔ Ï ÏÂÒÙ×ÁÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚ ×ÉÄÉÍÏÊ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÙ.  ðÅÒ×ÙÍ 
       ÄÅÌÏÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ, Ó ËÁËÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ò×£ÔÓÑ Ó×ÑÚØ. </para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÍÏÄÅÍ, ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ
       ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ <emphasis remap=tt>ping</emphasis> É ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ, ÍÉÇÁÅÔ ÌÉ ÉÎÄÉËÁÔÏÒ
       <acronym>TD</acronym> ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  åÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÍÉÇÁÅÔ (Á ÉÎÄÉËÁÔÏÒ <acronym>TD</acronym> ÎÅÔ),
       ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ÔÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ.  åÓÌÉ ÉÎÄÉËÁÔÏÒ <acronym>TD</acronym> ÎÅ ÚÁÇÏÒÁÅÔÓÑ, ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ
       Ó ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ.  ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÅÇÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
       ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <emphasis remap=tt>set server</emphasis>, ÕËÁÚÁ× Å£ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
       <filename>ppp.conf</filename>.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÏÉÚÏÊÄ£Ô ÏÂÒÙ× Ó×ÑÚÉ, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅÓØ Ë ppp Ó
       ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ pppctl.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ
       (ppp ÏÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÉ ÐÒÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÁÇÎÏÓÔÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÓÏËÅÔÅ) ÉÌÉ
       ÉÌÉ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØÓÑ (ÚÄÅÓØ ÍÙ ÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
       <emphasis remap=tt>set socket</emphasis> × ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÂÙÌÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ), ÔÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ
       ÉÍÅÅÔ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ, ÎÏ Ó×ÑÚÉ ×Ó£
       ÒÁ×ÎÏ ÎÅÔ, ×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <emphasis remap=tt>set log
       local async</emphasis> É ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ <emphasis remap=tt>ping</emphasis> ÉÚ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÏËÎÁ ÉÌÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
       ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ Ó×ÑÚØ.  ÷ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÍ ×Ù×ÏÄÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ,
       ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ É ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÍÙÅ ÉÚ ËÁÎÁÌÁ Ó×ÑÚÉ.  åÓÌÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÀÔÓÑ,
       ÎÏ ÎÅ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ, ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ.</para>
  
<para>÷ÙÑÓÎÉ×, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÜÔÁ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÉÌÉ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
       ×Ù ÉÍÅÅÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ:</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>õÄÁÌ£ÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ</para></question><answer>

<para>úÄÅÓØ ×Ù ÍÁÌÏ ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ.  âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÏ×
         ÏÔËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏËÁÚÁÔØ ÐÏÍÏÝØ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ïó ÎÅ ÏÔ Microsoft.
         ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <emphasis remap=tt>enable lqr</emphasis> × ×ÁÛ <filename>ppp.conf</filename>, ÞÔÏ
         ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ppp ÏÔÓÌÅÄÉÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ É ÚÁËÒÙ×ÁÔØ
         ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏÅ É ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ
         ÎÅ ÔÁË ÕÖ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÔØ Ó×ÏÅÍÕ
         ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÕ, ÞÔÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÅ user-ppp....</para>
  
<para>ðÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ ×ÓÀ ÍÅÓÔÎÕÀ ËÏÍÐÒÅÓÓÉÀ, 
         ÕËÁÚÁ× × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
  
<para>         
<literallayout>            disable pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj
            deny pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj
          </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÅÝ£ ÒÁÚ É ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒÉÔØÓÑ,
         ÞÔÏ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌÁÓØ.  åÓÌÉ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÕÌÕÞÛÉÌÏÓØ
         ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÏËÁÝÁÌÁÓØ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÒÅÛ£ÎÎÏÊ, ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔÅ, ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ
         ÞÅÇÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÌÁ Ë ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÐÒÏÂ É ÏÛÉÂÏË.  üÔÏ ÄÁÓÔ ×ÁÍ
         ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÚÁÝÉÔÕ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÒÁÚÇÏ×ÁÒÉ×ÁÔØ Ó ×ÁÛÉÍ
         ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÏÍ (ÈÏÔÑ ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔÅ
         ÎÅ Ó ÐÒÏÄÕËÔÏÍ Microsoft). </para>
 
<para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË Ú×ÏÎÉÔØ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÕ, ×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÊ
         ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ËÁË ×Ù ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÌÉ ÒÁÎÅÅ É ÐÏÄÏÖÄÉÔÅ, ÐÏËÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ
         ÓÎÏ×Á ÎÅ ÐÒÅÒ×£ÔÓÑ.  ðÒÁ×ÄÁ, ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ
         ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï.  éÎÔÅÒÅÓ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ
         ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ.  ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ ascii
         É ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÄÁÖÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ (``Memory fault,
         core dumped'' ?).</para>
 
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÅÎ ÐÏÍÏÞØ ×ÁÍ, ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ
         ÒÅÖÉÍ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ Ó ÉÈ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ, Á ÐÏÔÏÍ, ËÏÇÄÁ Ó×ÑÚØ ÐÒÅÒ×£ÔÓÑ ×
         ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÒÁÚ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ÐÏÞÅÍÕ ×ÏÚÎÉËÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ
         Ó ÉÈ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ.  âÕÄÅÔ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÒÉÛÌ£ÔÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ
         ÎÁ ÁÄÒÅÓ <ulink URL="mailto:brian@Awfulhak.org">brian@Awfulhak.org</ulink>, ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÐÏÐÒÏÓÉÔÅ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ Ó×ÑÚÁÔØÓÑ
         ÓÏ ÍÎÏÊ ÎÁÐÒÑÍÕÀ.</para>

</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>Ppp ÚÁ×ÉÓÁÅÔ</para></question><answer>

<para>ìÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ppp, ÄÏÂÁ×É× ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ
         <literal>CFLAGS+=-g</literal> É <literal>STRIP=</literal> × ËÏÎÅÃ Makefile, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
         <emphasis remap=tt>make clean &amp;&amp; make &amp;&amp; make install</emphasis>.  ëÏÇÄÁ ppp
         ÚÁ×ÉÓÎÅÔ, ÎÁÊÄÉÔÅ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ppp Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
         <emphasis remap=tt>ps ajxww | fgrep ppp</emphasis> É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <emphasis remap=tt>gdb ppp PID</emphasis>.
         úÁÔÅÍ × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ gdb ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <emphasis remap=tt>bt</emphasis> ÄÌÑ
         ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÅËÁ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï×.</para>
 
<para>ðÏÛÌÉÔÅ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÎÁ ÁÄÒÅÓ <ulink URL="mailto:brian@Awfulhak.org">brian@Awfulhak.org</ulink>.</para>

</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>          îÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ Login OK!
        </para></question><answer>

<para>äÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ FreeBSD 2.2.5, ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó×ÑÚØ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÌÁÓØ,
       <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">ppp</ulink> ÏÖÉÄÁÌ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Line Control Protocol
       (LCP) Ó ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ.  íÎÏÇÉÅ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÙ Internet ÎÅ
       ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÔ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÔ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÅÔ ËÌÉÅÎÔ.
       þÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> ÉÎÉÃÉÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×
       LCP, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          set openmode active
        </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para><emphasis remap=bf>úÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ</emphasis>: îÉÞÅÇÏ ÓÔÒÁÛÎÏÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÉÚÏÊÄ£Ô, ÅÓÌÉ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
       ÎÁÞÎÕÔ ÏÂÅ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÉÎÉÃÉÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÅÊÞÁÓ
       ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ, × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
       ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ <emphasis remap=bf>ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ</emphasis> Ë ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÎÅÐÒÉÑÔÎÏÓÔÑÍ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>          ÷ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÅ ÅÓÔØ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ 'magic being the same'.
        </para></question><answer>

<para>éÎÏÇÄÁ, ÓÒÁÚÕ ÖÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ
       ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ × ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÅ, ÇÏ×ÏÒÑÝÉÅ ÞÔÏ "magic is the same". éÎÏÇÄÁ
       ÜÔÉ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÑÔ ÂÅÚÂÏÌÅÚÎÅÎÎÏ, Á ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÔÏÒÏÎ
       ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÁÀÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ.  âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÊ ppp ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ Ó
       ÔÁËÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÅÊ, É, ÄÁÖÅ ËÏÇÄÁ Ó×ÑÚØ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×É×ÛÅÊÓÑ, ×Ù
       ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÂÅÓËÏÎÅÞÎÏ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÑÀÝÉÅÓÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ
       ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ É ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄÅÎÉÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ ppp
       ÏËÏÎÞÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÎÅ ÚÁËÒÏÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.</para>
  
<para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÈ Ó ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ, ÎÁ
       ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÏÒÔ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ getty, Á ppp ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ
       ÓÃÅÎÁÒÉÑ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁÃÉÉ ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁÃÉÉ
       ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.  âÙÌÉ ÓÏÏÂÛÅÎÉÑ, ÞÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÓÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÐÒÉ
       ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ slirp.  ðÒÉÞÉÎÁ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ,
       ÐÒÏÈÏÄÑÝÅÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÅÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ getty É ÚÁÐÕÓËÏÍ ppp, ppp
       ÓÏ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ Line Control Protocol
       (LCP).  ôÁË ËÁË ÒÅÖÉÍ ÜÈÁ ÏÓÔÁ£ÔÓÑ ×Ó£ ÅÝ£ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍ, ppp ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ
       ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ "ÏÔÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ" Ó×ÏÉÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ×.</para>
  
<para>þÁÓÔØÀ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× LCP Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ
       "ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ" ÞÉÓÌÁ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ
       "ÏÔÒÁÖÅÎÉÊ".  óÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÄÎÁ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÁ ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ
       ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÀÝÅÅ "ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÏÅ" ÞÉÓÌÏ, ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÓÌÁÎ ÏÔ×ÅÔ
       NAK É ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÏ ÎÏ×ÏÅ "ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÏÅ" ÞÉÓÌÏ.  ÷ ÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ,
       ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÁ ÐÏÒÔÕ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÜÈÁ, ËÌÉÅÎÔ ppp ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÐÁËÅÔÙ
       LCP, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ ÔÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÅ "ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÏÅ" ÞÉÓÌÏ × ÏÔÒÁÖ£ÎÎÏÍ ÐÁËÅÔÅ É
       ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÎÅÇÏ NAK.  ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÉÄÉÔ ÏÔÒÁÖ£ÎÎÙÊ NAK (ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÔÁËÖÅ
       ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ppp ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ Ó×Ï£ "ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÏÅ" ÞÉÓÌÏ).  ÷
       ÐÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌÅ ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÏÇÒÏÍÎÏÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×
       ÓÍÅÎ "ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÉÈ" ÞÉÓÅÌ, É ×ÓÅ ÏÎÉ ÎÁËÁÐÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ÂÕÆÅÒÅ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ.
       ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÓÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ppp, ÏÎ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÖÅÎ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁÍÉ ÎÁ
       ÓÍÅÎÕ "ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÉÈ", ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÒÅÛÉÔ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
       LCP É ÐÒÅÒ×£Ô ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.  ÷ ÔÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ËÌÉÅÎÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÏÌØÛÅ 
       ÎÅ ×ÉÄÉÔ ÏÔÒÁÖÅÎÉÊ, ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ, ÞÔÏ
       ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÚÁËÒÙÌ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÉÅ.</para>
  
<para>üÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉ× ÎÁÞÉÎÁÔØ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ 
       ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÏÊ × ÆÁÊÌÅ ppp.conf:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          set openmode passive
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>üÔÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔ ppp ÏÖÉÄÁÔØ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ LCP.  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
       ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÔÏÔ
       ÓÁÍÙÊ ÓÌÕÞÁÊ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          set openmode active 3
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>üÔÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔ ppp ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏ ÖÄÁÔØ 3 ÓÅËÕÎÄÙ, É ÔÏÌØËÏ ÚÁÔÅÍ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ
       ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ LCP.  åÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÁÑ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÁ ÎÁÞÎ£Ô ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ × ÜÔÏÔ
       ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ, ppp ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ×ÅÔÉÔ, ÎÅ ÏÖÉÄÁÑ ÉÓÔÅÞÅÎÉÑ
       ÔÒ£ÈÓÅËÕÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌÁ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>          óÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ LCP ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÅÔÓÑ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÚÁËÒÏÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ
        </para></question><answer>

<para>÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ ÎÅÐÒÉÑÔÎÙÈ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÅÊ
       ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÎÅ Ó×ÑÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ
       LCP, CCP &amp; IPCP Ó ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁÍÉ.  ëÁË ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ, ÅÓÌÉ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ
       <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> Ó ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ÎÁ 6 ÓÅËÕÎÄ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÅÅ, ÞÅÍ Ó
       ÄÒÕÇÏÊ, ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÁÑ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ Ä×Á ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ
       ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ÎÁ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× LCP. üÔÏ ÆÁÔÁÌØÎÏ.</para>
  
<para>       ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ Õ ÎÁÓ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ä×Å ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ, <emphasis remap=bf>A</emphasis> É <emphasis remap=bf>B</emphasis>.
       <emphasis remap=bf>A</emphasis> ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ LCP ÓÒÁÚÕ ÖÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, Á
       <emphasis remap=bf>B</emphasis> ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ 7 ÓÅËÕÎÄ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ.  ëÏÇÄÁ <emphasis remap=bf>B</emphasis> ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ,
       <emphasis remap=bf>A</emphasis> ÐÏÓÌÁÌÏ 3 LCP-ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ.  ðÏÌÁÇÁÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÜÈÁ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎ,
       × ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÍÙ ÓÔÏÌËÎÕÌÉÓØ ÂÙ Ó ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍÉ "ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ"
       ÞÉÓÌÁ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ × ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ.  <emphasis remap=bf>B</emphasis> ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ REQ, ÚÁÔÅÍ
       ACK ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ REQ ÏÔ <emphasis remap=bf>A</emphasis>.  üÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ <emphasis remap=bf>A</emphasis> ×ÈÏÄÉÔ
       × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ <acronym>OPENED</acronym> É ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ (ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ) ACK ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ <emphasis remap=bf>B</emphasis>.  ÷
       ÔÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ <emphasis remap=bf>B</emphasis> ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ ÅÝ£ Ä×Á ACK × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ
       Ä×Á ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ REQ, ÐÏÓÌÁÎÎÙÅ <emphasis remap=bf>A</emphasis> ÄÏ ÓÔÁÒÔÁ <emphasis remap=bf>B</emphasis>.  <emphasis remap=bf>B</emphasis>
       ÚÁÔÅÍ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ACK ÏÔ <emphasis remap=bf>A</emphasis> É ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ
       <emphasis remap=bf>REQ-SENT</emphasis>, ÐÏÓÌÁ× ÅÝ£ ÏÄÉÎ (ÞÅÔ×£ÒÔÙÊ) REQ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ RFC.  úÁÔÅÍ
       ÏÎ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ ÔÒÅÔÉÊ ACK É ×ÈÏÄÉÔ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ <acronym>OPENED</acronym>.  ÷ ÔÏ ÖÅ
       ×ÒÅÍÑ <emphasis remap=bf>B</emphasis> ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÞÅÔ×£ÒÔÙÊ REQ ÏÔ <emphasis remap=bf>A</emphasis>, ÞÔÏ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ
       ÅÇÏ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ <emphasis remap=bf>ACK-SENT</emphasis> É ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÅÝ£ ÏÄÉÎ (×ÔÏÒÏÊ) REQ
       É (ÞÅÔ×£ÒÔÙÊ) ACK ÓÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ RFC.  <emphasis remap=bf>A</emphasis> ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ REQ, ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔ
       × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ <emphasis remap=bf>REQ-SENT</emphasis> É ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÅÝ£ ÏÄÉÎ REQ.  ïÎ ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ
       ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ACK É ×ÈÏÄÉÔ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ <acronym>OPENED</acronym>.</para>
 
<para>üÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÔØÓÑ ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÔÏÒÏÎ ÎÅ
       ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÉ Ë ÞÅÍÕ ÎÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ É ÎÅ ÚÁËÒÏÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.</para>
 
<para>ìÕÞÛÉÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ
       ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ ÓÔÏÒÏÎ ËÁË <emphasis remap=bf>passive</emphasis>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎÁ ÖÄÁÌÁ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ÄÌÑ
       ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          set openmode passive
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>       ó ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÏÓÔÏÒÏÖÎÙÍ.  ÷Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÕÄÅÔÅ
       ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          set stopped N
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>       ÄÌÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÉÏÄÁ ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ, × ÔÅÞÅÎÉÉ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> ÖÄ£Ô
       ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ.  ëÁË ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ, ÍÏÖÅÔ
       ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ÓÔÒÏËÁ</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          set openmode active N
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>       (ÇÄÅ <emphasis remap=bf>N</emphasis> - ÐÅÒÉÏÄ ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ × ÓÅËÕÎÄÁÈ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÎÁÞÁÔØ
       ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ).</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>÷ÓËÏÒÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ppp ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ FreeBSD ÒÁÎÅÅ 2.2.5, ÂÙÌÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ, 
       ËÏÇÄÁ Ó×ÑÚØ ×ÙËÌÀÞÁÌÁÓØ ÏÞÅÎØ ÓËÏÒÏ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ-ÚÁ
       ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÊ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ÎÁ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÖÁÔÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
       <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis>.  üÔÏ ÓÌÕÞÁÌÏÓØ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÂÅ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÐÙÔÁÌÉÓØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
       ÒÁÚÎÙÅ ÔÉÐÙ CCP (Compression Control Protocol).  üÔÁ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ
       ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ÒÅÛÅÎÁ, ÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ×Ó£ ÅÝ£ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÓÔÁÒÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ
       <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis>, ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÂÏÊÄÅÎÁ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÓÔÒÏËÉ</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          disable pred1
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>          ëÏÇÄÁ Ñ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ shell ÄÌÑ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ,
          ppp ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ
        </para></question><answer>

<para>ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <emphasis remap=tt>shell</emphasis> ÉÌÉ <emphasis remap=tt>!</emphasis>, <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis>
       ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ (ÅÓÌÉ ÂÙÌÉ ÚÁÄÁÎÙ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> ÉÈ 
       ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ).  Ppp ÂÕÄÅÔ ÖÄÁÔØ ÏËÏÎÞÁÎÉÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÐÒÅÖÄÅ
       ÞÅÍ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔØ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÐÙÔÁÅÔÅÓØ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ó×ÑÚØÀ ppp
       ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, Ó×ÑÚØ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÚÁÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ.  üÔÏ
       ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> ÖÄ£Ô ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ
       ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ.</para>
 
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
       ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <emphasis remap=tt>!bg</emphasis>.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÕÖÎÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ
       × ÆÏÎÏ×ÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ, Á ppp ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔØ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÁÎÁÌÁ Ó×ÑÚÉ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>          Ppp, ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÀÝÅÅ ÎÕÌØ-ÍÏÄÅÍ, ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÚÁËÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
        </para></question><answer>

<para><emphasis remap=bf>Ppp</emphasis> ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÚÁËÒÙÔÏ.
       üÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÉÇÎÁÌØÎÙÈ ÌÉÎÉÊ 
       ÎÕÌØ-ÍÏÄÅÍÎÏÇÏ ËÁÂÅÌÑ.  ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ
       ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ×ËÌÀÞÁÊÔÅ LQR.</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          enable lqr
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ LQR ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÚÁÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÏ Ó
       ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÎÁ ÜÔÁÐÅ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>÷ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ -auto ppp ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÏ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ Ú×ÏÎÉÔØ</para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÏ Ú×ÏÎÉÔØ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ
       ÐÒÉÞÉÎÕ É ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÆÉÌØÔÒÙ dfilters ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ
       Ú×ÏÎËÏ×.</para>
  
<para>äÌÑ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÙ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          set log +tcp/ip
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>üÔÏ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.  ÷
       ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÒÁÚ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ,
       ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÕ ÐÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ ÏÔÍÅÔËÁÍ × ÆÁÊÌÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ.</para>
  
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÐÒÅÔÉÔØ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎËÕ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÎÙÈ
       ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑÈ.  ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÔÁËÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀÔ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÊ
       Ë DNS.  äÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÊ Ë DNS É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ
       (ÞÔÏ <emphasis remap=bf>ÎÅ</emphasis> ÚÁÐÒÅÔÉÔ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÕÖÅ
       ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ), ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÔÁËÕÀ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÀ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53
          set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53
          set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÏÊÔÉ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÚÁËÒÏÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎËÉ
       ÐÏ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÕ - ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Õ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØÓÑ Ë DNS ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ,
       ËÁË ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ.</para>
 
<para>÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ DNS, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÏÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ËÔÏ ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ
       ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ.  ÷ ÂÏÌØÛÉÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ×ÉÎÏ×ÎÙÍ ÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
       <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sendmail">sendmail</ulink>. õÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÕËÁÚÁÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ sendmail
       ÎÅ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÊ Ë DNS × ÅÇÏ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ.  
       ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ Ï <link linkend="ispmail">ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ÐÏÞÔÙ</link>
       ÚÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÍ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ É ÞÔÏ ÔÕÄÁ
       ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ.  ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>.mc</filename>
       ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl
        </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>üÔÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔ sendmail ÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ × ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ ÄÏ
       ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ Å£ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÁ (ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ,
       sendmail ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ ``-bd -q30m'', ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÝÉÅ, ÞÔÏ
       ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÔØ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ ÎÕÖÎÏ ËÁÖÄÙÅ 30 ÍÉÎÕÔ) ÉÌÉ ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ 
       ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ``sendmail -q'' (ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ, ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
       ppp.linkup).</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>þÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÀÔ ÏÛÉÂËÉ CCP</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÁËÉÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          CCP: CcpSendConfigReq
          CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6)
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>üÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ, ÅÓÌÉ ppp ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ËÏÍÐÒÅÓÓÉÀ 
       ÔÉÐÁ Predictor1, Á ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÁÑ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÁ ÎÅ ÈÏÞÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ
       ÎÉËÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÐÒÅÓÓÉÉ. üÔÉ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏÂÉÄÎÙ, ÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ
       ÏÔ ÎÉÈ ÉÚÂÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÐÒÅÔÉÔØ ËÏÍÐÒÅÓÓÉÀ Predictor1 É
       Õ ÓÅÂÑ ÔÏÖÅ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          disable pred1
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>          Ppp ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ Ó ÏÛÉÂËÁÍÉ ××ÏÄÁ-×Ù×ÏÄÁ
        </para></question><answer>

<para>÷ FreeBSD 2.2.2 É ÒÁÎÅÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÌÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
       tun, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÌÁ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÁÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ, ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÀÝÉÍ
       ÚÎÁÞÅÎÅ MTU ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ.  ðÒÉ£Í ÐÁËÅÔÁ, ÂÏÌØÛÅÇÏ, ÞÅÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ MTU,
       ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÏÛÉÂËÅ ××ÏÄÁ-×Ù×ÏÄÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ syslogd.</para>
  
<para>óÐÅÃÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ ppp ÕÔ×ÅÒÖÄÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ MRU, ÒÁ×ÎÏÅ 1500,
       ÄÏÌÖÎÏ <emphasis remap=bf>×ÓÅÇÄÁ</emphasis> ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔØ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ, ÎÅÓÍÏÔÒÑ ÎÁ
       ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ LCP, ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÅÓÌÉ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ MTU ÍÅÎØÛÅ
       1500, ×ÁÛ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ 1500,
       ÎÅÓÍÏÔÒÑ ÎÉ ÎÁ ÞÔÏ, É ×Ù ÜÔÏ ÐÏÞÕ×ÓÔ×ÕÅÔÅ - ×ÁÛÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ
       ÚÁÂÌÏËÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ.</para>
  
<para>ðÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÂÏÊÄÅÎÁ, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ MTU,
       ÍÅÎØÛÅÅ, ÞÅÍ 1500, ÄÌÑ FreeBSD 2.2.2 É ÒÁÎÅÅ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>          ðÏÞÅÍÕ ppp ÎÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÕÅÔ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ?
        </para></question><answer>

<para>äÌÑ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ó ÍÏÄÅÍÏÍ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ
       ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          set log +connect
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>üÔÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">ppp</ulink>
       ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×Ó£ ×ÐÌÏÔØ ÄÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ÐÒÏÞÔ£ÎÎÏÊ ÞÅÒÅÚ "expect"
       ÓÔÒÏËÉ.</para>
 
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ
       PAP ÉÌÉ CHAP (É ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔØ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÓÃÅÎÁÒÉÅ×
       ×ÈÏÄÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ "set login" ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÒÏËÉ CONNECT ÓÃÅÎÁÒÉÅÍ
       ÄÏÚ×ÏÎËÉ dial), ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ppp, ÞÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÏÖÉÄÁÔØ ÐÏÌÎÕÀ
       ÓÔÒÏËÕ CONNECT, ×ÒÏÄÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n"
        </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>úÄÅÓØ ÍÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌÉ ÓÔÒÏËÕ CONNECT, ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÍ, ÚÁÔÅÍ
       ÏÖÉÄÁÅÍ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÁ ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÑ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> ÐÒÉÎÑÔØ
       ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>Ppp ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÅÔ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ `\' × chat-ÓËÒÉÐÔÅ</para></question><answer>

<para>Ppp ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ËÁÖÄÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ×ÁÛÉÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ, ÔÁË
       ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÏÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ×ÉÄÁ 
       <emphasis remap=tt>set phone "123 456 789"</emphasis> ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ (É ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØ. ÞÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ
       Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ <emphasis remap=bf>ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ</emphasis> ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ. äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
       ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ``"'', ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÜËÒÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏÍ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ
       ÓÌÜÛÁ (``\'').</para>
 
<para>ëÏÇÄÁ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒ chat ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ËÁÖÄÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ, ÏÎ 
       ÅÝ£ ÒÁÚ ÐÒÏÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÅÔ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÊÔÉ ËÁËÕÀ-ÌÉÂÏ
       ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÕÀ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÔÉÐÁ ``\P'' or ``\T'' (ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ó
       ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÕ).  ÷ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÜÔÏÊ Ä×ÏÊÎÏÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÃÉÉ ×Ù
       ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× ÜËÒÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÔØ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ``\'', ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×ÁÛÅÍÕ ÍÏÄÅÍÕ,
       ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÔÉÐÁ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK"
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£Ô Ë ÔÁËÏÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          ATZ
          OK
          AT\X
          OK
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>ÉÌÉ</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          set phone 1234567
          set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T"
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>ÞÔÏ ÄÁÓÔ ÔÁËÕÀ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          ATZ
          OK
          ATDT1234567
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>          Ppp ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ ÏÛÉÂËÕ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ, ÎÏ Ñ ÎÅ ×ÉÖÕ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>ppp.core</filename>
        </para></question><answer>

<para>Ppp (ÉÌÉ ÌÀÂÁÑ ÄÒÕÇÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÒÏÄÁ) ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ
       ÓÏÚÄÁ£Ô ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÁÍÐÁ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  ôÁË ÔÁË ppp ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ Ó
       ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÍ uid, ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ 0, ÔÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ 
       ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ ÄÁÍÐ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ppp ÎÁ ÄÉÓË ÐÅÒÅÄ ÅÇÏ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÅÍ.  åÓÌÉ,
       ÏÄÎÁËÏ ppp <emphasis remap=bf>×Ó£ ÖÅ</emphasis> ÐÒÅËÒÁÔÉÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÁÒÕÛÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ,
       ÉÌÉ ÐÏ ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÄÁÍÐÁ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ,
       <emphasis remap=bf>É</emphasis> ×Ù Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ, ÞÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÓÁÍÕÀ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÀÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ (ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ
       ÓÁÍÏÅ ÎÁÞÁÌÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ), ÔÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          $ tar xfz ppp-*.src.tar.gz
          $ cd ppp*/ppp
          $ echo STRIP= &gt;&gt;Makefile
          $ echo CFLAGS+=-g &gt;&gt;Makefile
          $ make clean all
          $ su
          # make install
          # chmod 555 /usr/sbin/ppp
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ppp. ÷ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ
       ÓÔÁÔØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ppp, ÔÁË ËÁË ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ
       ÂÉÔÙ ÐÒÁ× ÂÙÌÉ ÕÂÒÁÎÙ. ëÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ppp, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
       ÎÁ ÔÏ, ËÁËÏÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ Õ ×ÁÓ ÂÙÌ ÔÅËÕÝÉÍ ÎÁ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ.</para>
  
<para>éÔÁË, ÅÓÌÉ ppp ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔ ÏÛÉÂËÕ ÎÁÒÕÛÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ, ÏÎ ÓÂÒÏÓÉÔ ÄÁÍÐ 
       ÐÁÍÑÔÉ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ppp.core.  úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          $ su
          # gdb /usr/sbin/ppp ppp.core
          (gdb) bt
          .....
          (gdb) f 0
          .....
          (gdb) i args
          .....
          (gdb) l
          .....
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>÷ÓÑ ÜÔÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ×ÁÛÉÍ
       ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÐÒÏÄÉÁÇÎÏÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕÍÅÅÔÅ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ Ó gdb, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁÊÔÉ
       ÐÒÉÞÉÎÙ ÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÍÐÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ É ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÈÓÑ
       Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>          ðÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ×ÙÚ×Á×ÛÉÊ ÐÒÏÚ×ÏÎËÕ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ auto, ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ
          ÚÁÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ
        </para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÁ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÐÒÏÑ×ÌÑÌÁÓØ, ËÏÇÄÁ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ auto ÂÙÌ
       ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÎÁ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ Ó
       ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÏÊ.  üÔÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÏ × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ -
       ÐÏÉÝÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÓÌÏ×Ï <emphasis remap=bf>iface</emphasis>.</para>
  
<para>ðÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÂÙÌÏ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ËÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ
       ×ÙÚÏ× <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?connect">connect(2)</ulink>, ÄÌÑ ÓÏËÅÔÁ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÁÅÔÓÑ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ tun-ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ.
       ñÄÒÏ ÓÏÚÄÁ£Ô ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÐÁËÅÔ É ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÅÇÏ × ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
       tun. úÁÔÅÍ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> ÞÉÔÁÅÔ ÐÁËÅÔ É ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.  åÓÌÉ
       × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ,
       ÁÄÒÅÓ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ÍÅÎÅÔÓÑ, ÓÏËÅÔ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ.  ìÀÂÙÅ
       IP-ÐÁËÅÔÙ, ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÏËÅÔ, ÂÕÄÕÔ ÏÔÂÒÏÛÅÎÙ.  åÓÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ
       ÜÔÏÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÉÚÏÊÄ£Ô, ÏÔ×ÅÔÎÙÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÔØ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔÅÌÑ,
       ÔÁË ËÁË ÜÔÏÔ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÅÍÕ ÎÅ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÉÔ.</para>
  
<para>ôÅÏÒÅÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ.
       ìÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÁÑ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÁ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÉÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÕ ÔÏÔ ÖÅ
       ÓÁÍÙÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ <emphasis remap=tt>:-)</emphasis>  ôÅËÕÝÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÔÁË É
       ÐÏÓÔÕÐÁÅÔ, ÂÏÌÅÅ ÒÁÎÎÉÅ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÎÅ ÄÅÌÁÌÉ.</para>
  
<para>óÁÍÙÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÍ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÑÔØ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ
       tun-ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ, Á ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÎÁ ÌÅÔÕ ×ÓÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ
       ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏÂÙ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ ÍÅÎÑÌÓÑ Ó IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ
       ÎÁ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ Ó ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÏÊ.  üÔÏ, × ÓÕÝÎÏÓÔÉ, ÔÏ ÖÅ
       ÓÁÍÏÅ, ÞÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÏÐÃÉÑ <emphasis remap=tt>iface-alias</emphasis> × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis>
       (Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias">libalias(3)</ulink>
       É ËÌÀÞÁ <option>-alias</option> ÄÌÑ ppp) - ÏÎÁ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÅ
       ÒÁÎÅÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÕ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ É ÚÁÍÅÝÁÅÔ ÉÈ ÎÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÉÚ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÈ.</para>
  
<para>äÒÕÇÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÊ (É ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÏÅ, ÓÁÍÙÊ ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÙÊ) ÓÐÏÓÏ - ÜÔÏ
       ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ×ÙÚÏ×, ÍÅÎÑÀÝÉÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ×ÓÅÍ ÕÖÅ Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÍ
       ÓÏËÅÔÁÍ.  <emphasis remap=bf>Ppp</emphasis> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌ ÂÙ ÜÔÏÔ ×ÙÚÏ× ÄÌÑ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÓÏËÅÔÏ×
       ×ÓÅÈ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ.  üÔÏÔ
       ÖÅ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ×ÙÚÏ× ÍÏÇÌÉ ÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ DHCP, ËÏÇÄÁ
       ÏÎÉ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÀÔ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÕÀ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÕ Ë ÓÏËÅÔÕ.</para>
  
<para>åÝ£ ÏÄÎÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÒÅÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÕ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ
       ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÍ ÂÅÚ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ.  éÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÍ ÐÁËÅÔÁÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ
       255.255.255.255 ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÁÎ ioctl-ÚÁÐÒÏÓ SIOCAIFADDR.
       ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÝÉÊ Ë ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÅ ÓÏËÅÔÁ.  <emphasis remap=bf>Ppp</emphasis> ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ
       IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ É ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÕÀ ÓÕÍÍÕ ÐÁËÅÔÁ, ÔÏÌØËÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ
       ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ × 255.255.255.255. üÔÏ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍ
       ÈÁËÏÍ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÑÄÒÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÙÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÎÁ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ
       ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÒÅÒÆÅÊÓ, × ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÉ, ÞÔÏ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
       ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>          ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÉÇÒ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÏÐÃÉÅÊ -alias?
        </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ, ÐÏ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÉÇÒÙ É ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ
       Ó ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÏÊ libalias ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ×ÎÅÛÎÑÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ
       ÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ÏÔËÒÙÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ (ÎÅÖÄÁÎÎÙÅ) UDP ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÎÁ
       ÍÁÛÉÎÕ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ.  ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ, ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÀÝÅÅ
       ÏÐÃÉÀ -alias, ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
       ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
  
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ×Ó£ ÖÅ ÚÁÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÏ, ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÊ
       ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ
       ×Ù ÉÓÐÙÔÙ×ÁÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, ÚÁÔÅÍ ÎÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ tcpdump ÎÁ 
       tun-ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ ÌÉÂÏ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ tcp/ip
       × ppp (``set log +tcp/ip'') ÎÁ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÅ.</para>
  
<para>ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ,
       ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ, ÐÒÏÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ.  ëÏÇÄÁ
       ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÎÁÞÎ£Ô ÐÒÉÈÏÄÉÔØ ÉÚ×ÎÅ, ÏÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÔÂÒÏÛÅÎÏ (× ÜÔÏÍ-ÔÏ É
       ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ).  úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔÅÌÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÚÁÔÅÍ
       ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ.  ÷ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÜÔÕ
       ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÕ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÐÏÒÔÁ
       ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÅÎ.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÔÁË, ÔÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÓÔÒÏÞËÁ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍ
       ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ /etc/ppp/ppp.conf ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ
       ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ:</para>
  
<para>       
<literallayout>          alias port proto internalmachine:port port
        </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>úÄÅÓØ ``proto'' - ÜÔÏ ``tcp'' ÌÉÂÏ ``udp'', ``internalmachine'' -
       ÜÔÏ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ, É ``port'' - ÜÔÏ
       ÎÏÍÅÒ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.</para>
  
<para>îÅÓÏÍÎÅÎÎÏ, ×Ù ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ
       ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ, ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÕÀ ×ÙÛÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ
       ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ Ä×ÕÈ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÓÅÔÉ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ -
       × ËÏÎÃÅ ËÏÎÃÏ×, ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÍÉÒ ×ÉÄÉÔ ×ÓÀ ×ÁÛÕ ÓÅÔØ ËÁË ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÕÀ
       ÍÁÛÉÎÕ.</para>
  
<para>åÓÏÉ ÎÏÍÅÒÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÅÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙ, ÅÓÔØ ÅÝ£ ÔÒÉ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÁ:</para>
  
<para><emphasis remap=bf>1)</emphasis> îÁÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÜÔÏÇÏ × libalias.  ðÒÉÍÅÒÙ 
       ``ÏÓÏÂÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ×'' ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × /usr/src/lib/libalias/alias_*.c 
       (alias_ftp.c - ÈÏÒÏÛÅÅ ÎÁÞÁÌÏ).  üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ
       ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×,
       ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ×ÎÅÛÎÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÏÊ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ
       ÎÁ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÀÀ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ ÎÁ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÙÊ (ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÊ) ÐÏÒÔ É ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ
       ``ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ'' × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÊ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ
       ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÌÉ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ.</para>
  
<para>üÔÏ ÓÁÍÏÅ ÔÒÕÄÏ£ÍËÏÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ, ÎÏ ÏÎÏ ÎÁÉÌÕÞÛÅÅ É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ
       ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÍÕ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ.</para>
  
<para><emphasis remap=bf>2)</emphasis> éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÐÒÏËÓÉ.  ðÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ,
       ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, socks5 ÉÌÉ (ËÁË × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ``cvsup'') ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ
       ÒÅÖÉÍ ``passive'', ÏÂÈÏÄÑÝÉÊÓÑ ÂÅÚ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× Ë ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ
       ÓÔÏÒÏÎÅ ÎÁ ÏÔËÒÙÔÉÅ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.</para>
  
<para><emphasis remap=bf>3)</emphasis> ðÅÒÅÎÁÚÎÁÞØÔÅ ×Ó£ ÎÁ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÀÀ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
       ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ``alias addr''.  üÔÏ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ × ÌÏÂ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÈ ÎÏÍÅÒÏ× ÐÏÒÔÏ×?
     </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏËÁ ÎÅÔ, ÎÏ ÎÉÖÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓÐÉÓÏË, ÍÏÇÕÝÉÊ ÔÁËÏ×ÙÍ ÓÔÁÔØ (ÅÓÌÉ
     Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÑ×ÌÅÎ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓ).  ÷ ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ <emphasis
     remap=tt>internal</emphasis> ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÍÅÎÅÎÏ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ,
     ÕÞÁÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ × ÉÇÒÅ.</para>
  
<para>         
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para><emphasis remap=bf>Quake</emphasis>
</para>

<para><emphasis remap=tt>alias port udp internal:6112 6112</emphasis></para>

<para>áÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÏÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ, ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÀÝÅÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÐÒÏËÓÉ ÄÌÑ Quake, ÍÏÖÎÏ
     ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ <ulink 
     URL="http://www.battle.net/support/proxy/">www.battle.net</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>

<para>
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para><emphasis remap=bf>Quake 2</emphasis>
</para>

<para><emphasis remap=tt>alias port udp internal:27901 27910</emphasis></para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>  

<para>
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para><emphasis remap=bf>Red Alert</emphasis>
</para>

<para><emphasis remap=tt>alias port udp internal:8675 8675</emphasis></para>

<para><emphasis remap=tt>alias port udp internal:5009 5009</emphasis></para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>

<para>
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para><emphasis remap=bf>Half Life</emphasis>
</para>

<para><emphasis remap=tt>alias port udp internal:27005 27015</emphasis></para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>

<para>
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para><emphasis remap=bf>PCAnywhere 8.0</emphasis>
</para>

<para><emphasis remap=tt>alias port udp internal:5632 5632</emphasis></para>

<para><emphasis remap=tt>alias port tcp internal:5631 5631</emphasis></para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>

</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ FCS?</para></question><answer>

<para>FCS Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÔ <emphasis remap=bf>F</emphasis>rame <emphasis remap=bf>C</emphasis>heck <emphasis remap=bf>S</emphasis>equence
       (ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÁÄÒÏ×).  ëÁÖÄÙÊ ËÁÄÒ ppp ÉÍÅÅÔ
       ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÕÀ ÓÕÍÍÕ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉÎÑÔÙÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÀÔ
       Ó ÐÅÒÅÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ.  åÓÌÉ FCS ÐÒÉÎÑÔÏÇÏ ÐÁËÅÔÁ ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÁ, ÐÁËÅÔ 
       ÏÔÂÒÁÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ É ÓÞ£ÔÞÉË FCS ÄÌÑ HDLC Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔÑ.  úÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÏÛÉÂÏË
       ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ HDLC ÍÏÖÎÏ ×Ù×ÅÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <emphasis remap=tt>show hdlc</emphasis>.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÐÌÏÈÁÑ ÌÉÎÉÑ (ÉÌÉ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ
       ÏÔÂÒÁÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁËÅÔÙ), ÏÛÉÂËÉ FCS ÎÅÉÚÂÅÖÎÙ.  üÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
       ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ ×ÏÌÎÅÎÉÊ, ÈÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÚÁÍÅÄÌÑÅÔ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ
       ËÏÍÐÒÅÓÓÉÉ.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÍÏÄÅÍ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Ï
       ÜËÒÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÁÂÅÌÑ - ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÏÔ
       ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ Ó×ÑÚØ ÚÁÍÉÒÁÅÔ, ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÌÉÓØ É
       ÎÁÂÌÀÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÛÉÂÏË FCS, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÏ
       ÎÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÚÒÁÞÎÏÓÔØÀ ËÁÎÁÌÁ ÄÌÑ 8-ÂÉÔÏ×ÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ
       ÍÏÄÅÍ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÏÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÔÏËÏÍ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
       ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <literal>set accmap 0x000a0000</literal> ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis>
       ÜËÒÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ ^Q É ^S.</para>
  
<para>äÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÏÛÉÂÏË FCS ÍÏÖÅÔ
       ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÏÊ ÓÅÁÎÓÁ <acronym>PPP</acronym>.
       ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
       <emphasis remap=tt>async</emphasis> ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÔÏÇÏ, ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÌÉ ÐÏÓÔÕÐÁÅÍÙÅ ÉÚ ÌÉÎÉÉ
       ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑÍÉ login ÉÌÉ shell.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù 
       ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌÉ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ shell Ó ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
       ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÅ ppp ÂÅÚ ÏÂÒÙ×Á Ó×ÑÚÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <emphasis remap=tt>close lcp</emphasis>
       (ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <emphasis remap=tt>term</emphasis> ÓÎÏ×Á ×ÅÒÎ£Ô ×ÁÓ Ë ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÀ
       shell ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ).</para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ × ÆÁÊÌÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ ÎÅ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÔ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ Ó×ÑÚØ
       ÂÙÌÁ ÐÒÅÒ×ÁÎÁ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÐÒÏÓÉÔØ Õ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ
       ÍÁÛÉÎÙ (×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ), ÐÏÞÅÍÕ ÓÅÁÎÓ ÂÙÌ ÚÁËÒÙÔ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>îÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÍÏÇÁÅÔ - Ñ ÕÖÅ ÏÔÞÁÑÌÓÑ!</para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ó£ ÕÖÅ ÐÅÒÅÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÎÏ, É ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ, ÐÏÛÌÉÔÅ ÎÁÍ
       ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ×ÁÛ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, 
       ÓÐÏÓÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis>, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ, É
       ×Ù×ÏÄ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat">netstat -rn</ulink>
       (ÄÏ É ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ) × ÁÄÒÅÓ ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ
       <ulink URL="mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org</ulink> ÉÌÉ × ÔÅÌÅËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÀ
       <ulink URL="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc">comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc</ulink>, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ, ËÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ
       ÕËÁÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ ×ÅÒÎÏÅ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry></qandaset>
</chapter>


<chapter
id="serial">
<title>ëÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ</title>

<para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÓ×ÅÝÅÎÙ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ Ï ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ
   ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ×Ï FreeBSD.  ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ PPP É SLIP ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ,
   ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÏÍ <xref linkend="networking" remap="ÒÁÂÏÔÅ × ÓÅÔÉ">.</para>

<qandaset><qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÕÚÎÁÔØ, ËÁËÉÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÂÙÌÉ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÙ FreeBSD?
     </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÑÄÒÁ FreeBSD ÏÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ
     ÐÏÒÔÙ, Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÂÙÌÏ ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
     ÐÏ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÅÊ ÐÒÉÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØÓÑ Ë ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÍ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑÍ ÌÉÂÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
     ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        dmesg | grep sio
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ É ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
  

  
<para>÷ÏÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa
        sio0: type 16550A
        sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa
        sio1: type 16550A
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>úÄÅÓØ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ Ä×Á ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÁ.  ðÅÒ×ÙÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
     irq 4, ÐÏÒÔ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ <literal>0x3f8</literal> É ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÎÁ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍÅ UART ÔÉÐÁ
     16550A.  ÷ÔÏÒÏÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÔÉÐ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍÙ, ÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ irq 3 É
     ÁÄÒÅÓ ÐÏÒÔÁ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ <literal>0x2f8</literal>.  ÷ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÅ ÍÏÄÅÍÙ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÑÔ ÔÏÞÎÏ
     ÔÁËÖÅ, ËÁË ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ, ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ Ë ÎÉÍ
     ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ``ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎ'' ÍÏÄÅÍ.</para>
 
<para>÷ ÑÄÒÏ <acronym>GENERIC</acronym> ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ Ä×ÕÈ
     ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, Ó irq É ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ, ËÁË ×
     ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ×ÁÛÉÍ, ÉÌÉ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù
     ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÌÉ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÅ ÍÏÄÅÍÙ, ÉÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÞÅÍ
     ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × ÑÄÒÅ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÅÒÅËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ.  úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ
     ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <link linkend="make-kernel">Ï ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÉ
     ÑÄÒÁ</link>.</para>

</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁË ÕÚÎÁÔØ, ËÁËÉÅ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÅ ÍÏÄÅÍÙ ÂÙÌÉ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÙ FreeBSD?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÊ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ñ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÏ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ 2.0.5 É ÎÅ ÎÁÛ£Ì ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× <emphasis remap=tt>tty0X</emphasis>!
      </para></question><answer>

<para>îÅ ×ÏÌÎÕÊÔÅÓØ, ÏÎÉ ÂÙÌÉ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÙ Ó ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ <emphasis remap=tt>ttydX</emphasis>.
     ÷ÁÍ ÐÒÉÄ£ÔÓÑ ÐÏÄÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÒÁÎØÛÅ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁË ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÒÔÁÍ ×Ï FreeBSD?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ôÒÅÔÉÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ, <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio">sio2</ulink> (ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×
     DOS ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ COM3), ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <filename>/dev/cuaa2</filename> ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×,
     ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÝÉÈ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ Ú×ÏÎËÉ, É <filename>/dev/ttyd2</filename> ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×,
     ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÝÉÈ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ Ú×ÏÎËÉ.  ëÁËÁÑ ÒÁÚÎÉÃÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÜÔÉÍÉ Ä×ÕÍÑ ËÌÁÓÓÁÍÉ
     ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×?</para>
  

  
<para>÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <emphasis remap=tt>ttydX</emphasis> ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ.  ðÒÉ
     ÏÔËÒÙÔÉÉ <filename>/dev/ttydX</filename> × ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÝÅÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ, ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÂÕÄÅÔ 
     ÏÖÉÄÁÔØ ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á <emphasis remap=tt>cuaaX</emphasis>, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ
     ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÁ Ï ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ÎÅÓÕÝÅÊ.  ðÒÉ ÏÔËÒÙÔÉÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á 
     <emphasis remap=tt>cuaaX</emphasis>, ÏÎ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
     ÕÖÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ <emphasis remap=tt>ttydX</emphasis>.  åÓÌÉ ÐÏÒÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ, ÏÎ ``ÐÏÈÉÝÁÅÔ'' ÅÇÏ
     Õ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á <emphasis remap=tt>ttydX</emphasis>.  ôÁËÖÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï <emphasis remap=tt>cuaXX</emphasis> ÎÅ ÓÌÅÄÉÔ ÚÁ
     ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅÍ ÎÅÓÕÝÅÊ.  ó ÔÁËÏÊ ÓÈÅÍÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ É ÍÏÄÅÍÏÍ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÍÓÑ ×
     ÒÅÖÉÍÅ Á×ÔÏÏÔ×ÅÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ ×
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ É × ÔÏ ÖÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ Ú×ÏÎËÉ, Á
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÚÁÂÏÔÉÔÓÑ Ï ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÈ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÁÈ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁË ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÒÔÏ×ÙÈ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏ×ÔÏÒÉÍ ÅÝ£ ÒÁÚ: ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ × 
     ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÏÍ ÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÕ.  äÌÑ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÒÔÏ×ÙÈ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ
     ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× × ÆÁÊÌÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ËÌÀÞÅ×ÏÅ ÓÌÏ×Ï
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio">sio</ulink>
     ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÎÁ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÅ.  îÏ irq É ×ÅËÔÏÒ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÕËÁÚÁÎ
     ÔÏÌØËÏ Õ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ.  ÷ÓÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÎÁ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÎÏ
     É ÔÏ ÖÅ irq.  éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ
     irq. ôÁËÖÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÏÐÃÉÀ <symbol>COM_MULTIPORT</symbol>.</para>
  

  
<para>÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÄÁÎÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ 4-ÐÏÒÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ AST ÎÁ irq 7:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        options "COM_MULTIPORT"
        device sio4 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty flags 0x781
        device sio5 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x781
        device sio6 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x781
        device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>æÌÁÇÉ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ, ÞÔÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÍÌÁÄÛÉÊ ÎÏÍÅÒ
     ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á 7 (<literal>0x700</literal>), ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÄÉÁÇÎÏÓÔÉËÁ ÎÁ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ
     (<literal>0x080</literal>), É ×ÓÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÏÄÎÏ É ÔÏ ÖÅ irq (<literal>0x001</literal>).</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        íÏÖÅÔ ÌÉ FreeBSD ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÒÔÏ×ÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×
        Ó ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×ÙÍ irq?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏËÁ ÎÅÔ.  ÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÉÔØ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÊ irq ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÒÔÁ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>÷ÁÛÅÍÕ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÀ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÏÔËÒÙÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
     <emphasis remap=tt>ttydX</emphasis> (ÉÌÉ <emphasis remap=tt>cuaaX</emphasis>).  ëÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÏÔËÒÙ×ÁÅÔ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï,
     ÏÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÉÈ
     ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        stty -a -f /dev/ttyd1
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÍÅÎÑÅÔÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÏÎÉ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÕÀÔ
     ×ÐÌÏÔØ ÄÏ ÚÁËÒÙÔÉÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á.  ðÒÉ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏÍ ÏÔËÒÙÔÉÉ ÏÎÏ ÂÕÄÕÔ
     ÉÍÅÔØ ÒÅÖÉÍÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.  þÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÖÉÍÏ×
     ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÔËÒÙÔØ É ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ×
     ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å ``ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ''.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ
     ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÒÅÖÉÍ <acronym>CLOCAL</acronym>, 8 ÂÉÔ, É ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÔÏËÏÍ
     <filename>XON/XOFF</filename> ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ttyd5, ÓÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        stty -f /dev/ttyid5 clocal cs8 ixon ixoff
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>äÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÔÁËÉÈ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÓËÒÉÐÔ
     <filename>/etc/rc.serial</filename>.  ôÅÐÅÒØ ÐÒÉ ÏÔËÒÙÔÉÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á <emphasis remap=tt>ttyd5</emphasis>
     ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÐÏÒÔÏÍ.  ïÎÏ,
     ÏÄÎÁËÏ. ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÒÅÖÉÍÙ ÐÏ Ó×ÏÅÍÕ ÕÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÉÀ.</para>
  

  
<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÐÒÅÔÉÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅÍ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÒÅÖÉÍÏ× ÒÁÂÏÔÙ,
     ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ``ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ''.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
     ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ <emphasis remap=tt>ttyd5</emphasis> ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÒÁ×ÎÏÊ 57600 bps,
     ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        stty -f /dev/ttyld5 57600
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÏÔËÒÏÅÔ <emphasis remap=tt>ttyd5</emphasis> É ÐÏÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ
     ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÏÒÔÁ, ÏÎÁ ×Ó£ ÒÁ×ÎÏ ÏÓÔÁÎÅÔÓÑ ÒÁ×ÎÏÊ 57600 bps.</para>
  

  
<para>åÓÔÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÇÏ É
     ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍÉ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ
     <emphasis remap=tt>root</emphasis>.  óËÒÉÐÔ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?MAKEDEV">MAKEDEV</ulink>
     ÐÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÜÔÏÇÏ <emphasis remap=bf>îå</emphasis> ÄÅÌÁÅÔ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ×ÈÏÄ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÍÏÄÅÍ?</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÈÏÖÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÓÔÁÔØ Internet-ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÏÍ, ÄÁ?  óÎÁÞÁÌÁ
     ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÏ×,
     ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ Á×ÔÏÏÔ×ÅÔÁ.  íÏÄÅÍ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÄÅÒÖÁÔØ
     ÓÉÇÎÁÌ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ ÎÅÓÕÝÅÊ, ÔÏÌØËÏ ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎÁ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ.  ïÎ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
     ×ÅÛÁÔØ ÔÒÕÂËÕ É ÐÅÒÅÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÓÉÇÎÁÌ ÇÏÔÏ×ÎÏÓÔÉ 
     ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á DTE (<acronym>DTR</acronym>) ÍÅÎÑÅÔ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÉÚ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÎÁ
     ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÊ.  äÏÌÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÅ (<filename>RTS/CTS</filename>)
     ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÔÏËÏÍ ÉÌÉ ×Ï×ÓÅ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ.  åÝ£ ÏÎ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
     ÎÁ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏÊ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ Ó ÐÏÒÔÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ, ÎÏ (ÞÔÏ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ ÄÌÑ
     Ú×ÏÎÑÝÉÈ) Ó ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÍÏÄÅÍÏÍ.</para>
  

  
<para>äÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÍÏÄÅÍÏ×, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÈ ÎÁÂÏÒ ËÏÍÁÎÄ Hayes,
     ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔ ÜÔÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ É
     ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔ ÉÈ × ÜÎÅÒÇÏÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        AT &amp;C1 &amp;D3 &amp;K3 &amp;Q6 S0=1 &amp;W
      </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÂÅÚ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ Ë ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÙÍ
     ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍ MS-DOS, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ Ï <link
     linkend="direct-at">ÐÏÓÙÌËÅ AT-ËÏÍÁÎÄ</link>.</para>
 
<para>úÁÔÅÍ ÏÐÉÛÉÔÅ ÍÏÄÅÍ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys">/etc/ttys</ulink>.
     ÷ Î£Í ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÏÖÉÄÁÅÔ
     ×ÈÏÄÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.  äÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ËÁË ÜÔÁ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.57600" dialup on insecure
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ËÏ ×ÔÏÒÏÍÕ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÒÔÕ
     (<filename>/dev/ttyd1</filename>) ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÎÁ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ 57600 bps ÂÅÚ
     ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ ÐÏ Þ£ÔÎÏÓÔÉ (<emphasis remap=tt>std.57600</emphasis>, ÞÔÏ ÂÅÒ£ÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?gettytab">/etc/gettytab</ulink>).  ôÉÐ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£Î
     ËÁË ``dialup''.  ðÏÒÔ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ (``on'') É ÎÅÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÅÎ (``insecure''),
     ÞÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÐÙÔËÉ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ root Ó ÜÔÏÇÏ
     ÐÏÒÔÁ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÏÔ×ÅÒÇÎÕÔÙ.  äÌÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÈ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ Ú×ÏÎËÉ,
     ËÁË ÜÔÏÔ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á <emphasis remap=tt>ttydX</emphasis>.</para>
  

  
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÌÏ×Á ``dialup'' × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÉÍÅÎÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
     ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÐÒÁËÔÉËÏÊ.  íÎÏÇÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔ × Ó×ÏÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ
     .profile ÉÌÉ .login ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ, ÅÓÌÉ
     ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÙÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÉÐ dialup.  ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÏÒÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎ ÎÅÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÙÍ.
     þÔÏÂÙ ×ÏÊÔÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ ÎÁ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÏÒÔÕ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÏÊÔÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ
     ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ ``<ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?su">su</ulink>'' ÓÔÁÔØ
     ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ <emphasis remap=tt>root</emphasis>.  åÓÌÉ ÐÏÒÔ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÁÔÒÉÂÕÔ ``secure'', ÔÏ
     ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <emphasis remap=tt>root</emphasis> ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ Ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.</para>
  

  
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys">/etc/ttys</ulink>, ×ÁÍ
     ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏÓÌÁÔØ ÓÉÇÎÁÌ ÐÏÔÅÒÉ Ó×ÑÚÉ ÉÌÉ <acronym>HUP</acronym> ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÕ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?init">init</ulink>:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        kill -HUP 1
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>üÔÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ init ÓÎÏ×Á ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys">/etc/ttys</ulink>.
     ðÒÏÃÅÓÓ init ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ getty ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.
     ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ, ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÌÉ ×ÈÏÄÙ Ó ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ×
     ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        ps -ax | grep '[t]tyd1'
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÎÅÞÔÏ ×ÒÏÄÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        747 ??  I      0:00.04 /usr/libexec/getty std.57600 ttyd1
      </literallayout>
</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ Ë FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÅÓØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
     ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD, ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔÅ ÉÈ ÐÏÓÌÅÖÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ 
     ÎÕÌØ-ÍÏÄÅÍÎÙÍ ËÁÂÅÌÅÍ.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÅÇÏ
     ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ.</para>
  

  
<para>úÁÔÅÍ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys">/etc/ttys</ulink>
     ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÍ ×ÙÛÅ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÔÅ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ
     WYSE-50 Ë ÐÑÔÏÍÕ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÒÔÕ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÔÁËÕÀ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        ttyd4 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wyse50 on secure
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎ ÐÏÒÔ ÎÁ <filename>/dev/ttyd4</filename>, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊ
     ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ wyse50, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ 34800 bps ÂÅÚ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ ÐÏ
     ÞÅÔÎÏÓÔÉ (<emphasis remap=tt>std.38400</emphasis> ÉÚ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?gettytab">/etc/gettytab</ulink>) É ÒÁÚÒÅۣΠÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ×ÈÏÄ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
     <emphasis remap=tt>root</emphasis> (secure).</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÎÅ ÕÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ <emphasis remap=tt>tip</emphasis> ÉÌÉ <emphasis remap=tt>cu</emphasis>?</para></question><answer>

<para>óËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÚÁÐÕÓË ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip</ulink> É <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?cu">cu</ulink> ÒÁÚÒÅۣΠÔÏÌØËÏ
     ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?uucp">uucp</ulink> É ÞÌÅÎÁÍ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ <emphasis remap=tt>dialer</emphasis>.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
     ÇÒÕÐÐÕ <emphasis remap=tt>dialer</emphasis> ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÏÍ Ë ×ÁÛÅÍÕ ÍÏÄÅÍÕ ÉÌÉ
     ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ.  äÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÑ × ÇÒÕÐÐÕ dialer.</para>
  

  
<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ ×ÓÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ
     <emphasis remap=tt>tip</emphasis> É <emphasis remap=tt>cu</emphasis>, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        # chmod 4511 /usr/bin/cu
        # chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        íÏÊ ÍÏÄÅÍ Hayes ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ---ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>îÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ Ï ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip</ulink> ÕÓÔÁÒÅÌÁ.
     íÏÄÅÍÙ Hayes ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ.  ðÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ
     ``<literal>at=hayes</literal>'' × ×ÁÛ ÆÁÊÌ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote">/etc/remote</ulink>.</para>
  

  
<para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÍÏÄÅÍÏ× Hayes ÎÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÕÍ£Î, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ
     ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÍÏÄÅÍÏ×---ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ
     ÔÉÐÁ <acronym>BUSY</acronym>, <emphasis remap=tt>NO DIALTONE</emphasis>, ÉÌÉ <emphasis remap=tt>CONNECT 115200</emphasis> ÂÕÄÕÔ
     ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔØ ÅÇÏ × ÚÁÍÅÛÁÔÅÌØÓÔ×Ï.  ÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÙËÌÀÞÉÔØ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÔÁËÉÈ
     ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip</ulink> (ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
     <emphasis remap=tt>ATX0&amp;W</emphasis>).</para>
  

  
<para>ôÁÊÍÁÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ <emphasis remap=tt>tip</emphasis> ÒÁ×ÅÎ 60 ÓÅËÕÎÄÁÍ.
     ÷ÁÛ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÅÎØÛÅÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, ÉÎÁÞÅ tip ÂÕÄÅÔ
     ÄÕÍÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ Õ ×ÁÓ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÓÏ Ó×ÑÚØÀ.  ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ <literal>ATS7=45&amp;W</literal>.</para>
  

  
<para>îÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ <emphasis remap=tt>tip</emphasis> × ÔÏÍ ×ÉÄÅ, ËÁËÏÍ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ, ÎÅ 
     ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉÍÁÅÔ ÍÏÖÅÍÙ Hayes ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ.  òÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
     ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>tipconf.h</filename> × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip</filename>.
     þÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÅÎ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
  

  
<para>úÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ``<emphasis remap=tt>#define HAYES 0</emphasis>'' ÎÁ ``<emphasis remap=tt>#define HAYES
     1</emphasis>''.  úÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ``<emphasis remap=tt>make</emphasis>'' É ``<emphasis remap=tt>make install</emphasis>''.  ðÏÓÌÅ
     ÜÔÉÈ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ ×Ó£ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÔÅÌØÎÏ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question
id="direct-at">
<para>        ëÁË Ñ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ××ÅÓÔÉ ÜÔÉ AT-ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÔÁË ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÏÅ ``<emphasis remap=tt>ÐÒÑÍÏÅ</emphasis>'' ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ × ×ÁÛÅÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote">/etc/remote</ulink>.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎ Ë ÐÅÒ×ÏÍÕ
     ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÒÔÕ, <filename>/dev/cuaa0</filename>, ÓÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÔÁËÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>õËÁÖÉÔÅ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÕÀ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÏÂÍÅÎÁ Ó ÐÏÒÔÏÍ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÕÀ
     ÍÏÄÅÍÏÍ × ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÅ br.  úÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip cuaa0</ulink> É
     ×Ù ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÍÏÄÅÍÕ.</para>
  

  
<para>åÓÌÉ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á <filename>/dev/cuaa0</filename>, ÓÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ
     ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        # cd /dev
        # ./MAKEDEV cuaa0
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>éÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ cu, ×ÏÊÄÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ, Ó ÔÁËÉÍÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        # cu -l``line'' -s``speed''
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ÇÄÅ line - ÜÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
     <filename>/dev/cuaa0</filename>), Á speed - ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ Ó ÐÏÒÔÏÍ
     (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <emphasis remap=tt>57600</emphasis>).  ðÏÓÌÅ ××ÏÄÁ AT-ËÏÍÁÎÄ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ
     <emphasis remap=tt>~.</emphasis> ÄÌÑ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>úÎÁË <emphasis remap=tt><@></emphasis> ÄÌÑ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÉ pn
     ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ!</para></question><answer>

<para>úÎÁË <emphasis remap=tt><@></emphasis> × ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÅ, ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÝÅÊ
     ÎÏÍÅÒ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÁ, ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ tip ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?phones(5)">/etc/phones</ulink>
     ÄÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÎÏÍÅÒÁ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÚÎÁË <emphasis
     remap=tt><@></emphasis> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ É ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÍ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏÍ × ÆÁÊÌÁÈ
     ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË ÔÉÐÁ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote">/etc/remote</ulink>.
     üËÒÁÎÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÅÇÏ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏÍ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÓÌÜÛÁ:</para>
 
<para>     
<literallayout>        pn=\@
      </literallayout>
</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÎÙÊ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ?</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÔÁË ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÏÅ ``<emphasis remap=tt>ÏÂÝÅÅ</emphasis>'' ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ × ×ÁÛ ÆÁÊÌ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote">/etc/remote</ulink>.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\
        :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
        tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\
        :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ôÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ×ÒÏÄÅ ``<command>tip -115200
     5551234</command>''.  åÓÌÉ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?cu">cu</ulink>, Á ÎÅ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip</ulink>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÏÂÝÅÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ cu:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\
        :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ``<command>cu 5551234 -s 115200</command>''.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        îÕÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÐÏÒÔÏÍ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ <emphasis remap=tt>tip1200</emphasis> ÉÌÉ <emphasis remap=tt>cu1200</emphasis>, ÎÏ ÎÅ
     ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÊÔÅÓØ ÎÁ ÜÔÏÍ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÕÀ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ
     ÐÒÉ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÉ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÉ br. <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">Tip</ulink> ÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔ,
     ÞÔÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÉÍ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ 1200 bps, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÏÎ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ``<emphasis remap=tt>tip1200</emphasis>''.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ×ÁÓ ÎÉËÔÏ ÎÅ
     ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÜÔÕ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        íÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ.
      </para></question><answer>

<para>÷ÍÅÓÔÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ ÏÖÉÄÁÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÏÍÕ
     ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÎÁÂÉÒÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ``<emphasis remap=tt>CONNECT &lt;host&gt;</emphasis>'',
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÕ <emphasis remap=tt>cm</emphasis> ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ tip.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×ÏÔ ÔÁËÏÅ
     ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote">/etc/remote</ulink>:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\
        :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13:
        muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\
        :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13:
        deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\
        :dv=/dev/cua02:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234:
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ ``<emphasis remap=tt>tip pain</emphasis>'' ÉÌÉ 
     ``<emphasis remap=tt>tip muffin</emphasis>'' ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÈÏÓÔÁÍ pain ÉÌÉ muffin É
     ``<emphasis remap=tt>tip deep13</emphasis>'' ÄÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        íÏÖÅÔ ÌÉ tip ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÏ× ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÓÁÊÔÁ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÁ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ, ËÏÇÄÁ × ÕÎÉ×ÅÒÓÉÔÅÔÅ ÅÓÔØ ÐÁÒÁ
     ÍÏÄÅÍÎÙÈ ×ÈÏÄÏ× É ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÔÙÓÑÞ ÓÔÕÄÅÎÔÏ×, ÐÙÔÁÀÝÉÈÓÑ ÉÍÉ
     ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ...</para>
 
<para>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÕÎÉ×ÅÒÓÉÔÅÔÁ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote">/etc/remote</ulink> É
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ <emphasis remap=tt><\@></emphasis> ÐÒÉ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÉ
     ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÉ <emphasis remap=tt>pn</emphasis>:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        big-university:\
        :pn=\@:tc=dialout
        dialout:\
        :dv=/dev/cuaa3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none:
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÐÉÛÉÔÅ ÎÏÍÅÒÁ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÏ× ÕÎÉ×ÅÒÓÉÔÅÔÁ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?phones">/etc/phones</ulink>:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        big-university 5551111
        big-university 5551112
        big-university 5551113
        big-university 5551114
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para><ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">Tip</ulink> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ×ÓÅÍÉ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÎÏÍÅÒÁÍÉ
     × ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÍ ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ, ÐÒÅÖÄÅ ÞÅÍ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ,
     ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÐÙÔËÉ ÂÙÌÉ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÙ, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ <emphasis remap=tt>tip</emphasis> × ÃÉËÌÅ while.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÎÁÖÉÍÁÔØ CTRL+P Ä×ÁÖÄÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÙÌËÉ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ         ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ CTRL+P Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÍ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏÍ ``ÐÒÉÎÕÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ
     ××ÏÄÁ'', ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍ ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip</ulink>, ÞÔÏ
     ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÂÁÊÔÏÍ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÉÔØ
     ÆÕÎËÃÉÀ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ ÐÒÉÎÕÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ××ÏÄÁ ÌÀÂÏÍÕ ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÕ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
     ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <emphasis remap=tt>~s</emphasis>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ ÄÌÑ ``ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ
     ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ''.</para>
  

  
<para>îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ``<literal>~sforce=&lt;single-char&gt;</literal>'' Ó ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÎÏ×ÏÊ
     ÓÔÒÏËÉ.  úÄÅÓØ <emphasis remap=tt>&lt;single-char&gt;</emphasis> - ÌÀÂÏÊ ÏÄÉÎÏÞÎÙÊ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ.  
     åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÁÄÁÄÉÔÅ <emphasis remap=tt>&lt;single-char&gt;</emphasis>, ÔÏ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏÍ
     ÐÒÉÎÕÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ××ÏÄÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÕÌÅ×ÏÊ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ,
     ÎÁÂÒÁ× CTRL+2 ÉÌÉ CTRL+SPACE.  ðÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÍ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÄÌÑ
     <emphasis remap=tt>&lt;single-char&gt;</emphasis> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ SHIFT+CTRL+6, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
     ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍÉ.</para>
  

  
<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÌÀÂÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ ÐÒÉÎÕÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ××ÏÄÁ,
     ÕËÁÚÁ× ÅÇÏ × ×ÁÛÅÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>&#36;HOME/.tiprc</filename>:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        force=&lt;single-char&gt;
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>îÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÏ ×Ó£ ÓÔÁÌÏ ÎÁÂÉÒÁÔØÓÑ úáçìá÷îùíé âõë÷áíé?</para></question><answer>

<para>äÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ, ×Ù ÎÁÖÁÌÉ CTRL+A, ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÁ × ×ÅÒÈÎÉÊ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒ
     ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip</ulink>, ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÔÅÈ, Õ ËÏÇÏ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ
     ËÌÁ×ÉÛÁ caps-lock.  éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <emphasis remap=tt>~s</emphasis>, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ
     ×ÙÛÅ, É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ``raisechar'' ×Ï ÞÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ
     ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÅ.  ÷ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ
     ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÕ ÐÒÉÎÕÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ××ÏÄÁ, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅ ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÅÓØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÜÔÉÍÉ
     ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ.</para>
  

  
<para>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÆÁÊÌÁ .tiprc ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÎÒÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ
     ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ Emacs, ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÐÒÉÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁÖÉÍÁÔØ CTRL+2 É CTRL+A:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        force=^^
        raisechar=^^
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>úÄÅÓØ ^^ ÜÔÏ SHIFT+CTRL+6.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ <emphasis remap=tt>tip</emphasis>?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÌÉÓØ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ UNIX-ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ É 
     ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍÉ <emphasis remap=tt>~p</emphasis> (ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÁ) É <emphasis remap=tt>~t</emphasis> (ÐÒÉ£Í).  üÔÉ
     ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?cat">cat</ulink> É <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?echo">echo</ulink> ÎÁ
     ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÉÎÑÔØ É ÐÏÓÌÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ.  óÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓ ×ÙÚÏ×Á
     ÉÍÅÅÔ ÔÁËÏÊ ×ÉÄ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        ~p &lt;local-file&gt; [&lt;remote-file&gt;]
        ~t &lt;remote-file&gt; [&lt;local-file&gt;]
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ëÏÎÔÒÏÌØ ÏÛÉÂÏË ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÎÅ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ
     ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, zmodem.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ zmodem ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó <emphasis remap=tt>tip</emphasis>?</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÏÄÎÕ ÉÚ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, ÒÅÁÌÉÚÕÀÝÉÈ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ
     zmodem ÉÚ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× (ÔÁÍ ÅÓÔØ ÐÁÒÏÞËÁ × ËÁÔÅÇÏÒÉÉ comms,
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^lrzsz">lrzsz</ulink>
     É <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^rzsz">rzsz</ulink>).</para>
  

  
<para>äÌÑ ÐÒÉ£ÍÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ
     ÓÔÏÒÏÎÅ.  úÁÔÅÍ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ enter É ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ``<emphasis remap=tt>~C rz</emphasis>'' (ÉÌÉ
     ``<emphasis remap=tt>~C lrz</emphasis>'', ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÉ lrzsz) ÄÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÒÉ£ÍÁ ÉÈ ÎÁ
     ÌÏËÁÌØÎÕÀ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ.</para>
  

  
<para>äÌÑ ÐÏÓÙÌËÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÐÒÉ£ÍÁ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ
     ÓÔÏÒÏÎÅ.  úÁÔÅÍ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ enter É ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ``<emphasis remap=tt>~C sz &lt;files&gt;</emphasis>''
     (ÉÌÉ ``<emphasis remap=tt>~C lsz &lt;files&gt;</emphasis>'') ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÙÌËÉ ÉÈ ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÕÀ
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>       FreeBSD ÎÅ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ£Ô ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÎÁ ÍÏÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ, ÈÏÔÑ
       ×ÓÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ×ÅÒÎÙ.
     </para></question><answer>

<para>íÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍÙ UART ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Acer ÎÁ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÎÓËÉÈ ÐÌÁÔÁÈ É ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÈ
    ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ.  äÌÑ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ 
    ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÁÔÞÅÍ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ <ulink URL="http://www.lemis.com/serial-port-patch.html">www.lemis.com</ulink>.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry></qandaset>
</chapter>


<chapter
id="misc">
<title>òÁÚÎÏÅ</title>

<qandaset><qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ FreeBSD ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÍÅÓÔÁ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ, ÞÅÍ
     Linux?</para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ ËÁÖÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ
     ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ, ÞÅÍ ÄÌÑ Linux.  îÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË.  çÌÁ×ÎÏÅ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ
     FreeBSD ÏÔ Linux × ÜÔÏÍ ÐÌÁÎÅ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ FreeBSD ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ
     ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÅÔ ÎÅÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÊ,
     × ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ, ÞÔÏÂÙ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÏÂß£Í ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÊ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ
     ÄÌÑ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.  Linux ÖÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÅÔ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ×
     ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ËÒÁÊÎÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ.  ðÏÌÕÞÁÅÍÏÅ ×Ï FreeBSD
     Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ËÏÍÐÅÎÓÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÍ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.</para>
  
<para>úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ, ÈÏÔÑ FreeBSD ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ,
     ÏÎÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÂÒÏÓÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ × Ó×ÏÐ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ
     ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  ôÁË ÞÔÏ ×ÒÑÄ ÌÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ, ËÏÇÄÁ,
     ÐÒÏÓÎÕ×ÛÉÓØ ÒÁÎÏ ÕÔÒÏÍ, ×Ù ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÓÑ ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
     ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ, ÈÏÔÑ ÏÎÁ ÐÒÏÓÔÁÉ×ÁÌÁ ×ÓÀ ÎÏÞØ.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ (É ÞÔÏ ÉÚ ÓÅÂÑ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ) ÆÏÒÍÁÔÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÍÙÈ
        ÆÁÊÌÏ× a.aut É ELF?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>äÌÑ ÐÏÎÉÍÁÎÉÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÏÞÅÍÕ FreeBSD ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ <filename>a.out</filename>,
     ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ Ï ÔÒ£È "ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ" ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ
     ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÍÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÌÑ UNIX:</para>
  
<para>     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para><ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)">a.out</ulink>
     </para>

<para>üÔÏ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÓÔÁÒÙÊ, `ËÌÁÓÓÉÞÅÓËÉÊ' ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÏÂßÅËÔÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÌÑ UNIX.  ÷
     Î£Í ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ËÏÒÏÔËÉÊ É ËÏÍÐÁËÔÎÙÊ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏË Ó ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÉÍ ÞÉÓÌÏÍ ×
     ÎÁÞÁÌÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ (ÚÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÍ
     ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅÍ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ Ï <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)">a.out(5)</ulink>).
     ïÎ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÔÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÍÙÈ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁ: .text, .data É .bss ÐÌÀÓ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ
     ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× É ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ ÓÔÒÏË.</para>

</listitem>

<listitem>
<para><acronym>COFF</acronym>
       </para>

<para>üÔÏ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÏÂßÅËÔÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× SVR3.  äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ × ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏË
       ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ ÓÅËÃÉÊ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÍÅÔØ ÉÈ ÂÏÌØÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÔÏÌØËÏ
       .text, .data É .bss.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para><acronym>ELF</acronym>
       </para>

<para>ðÒÅÅÍÎÉË <acronym>COFF</acronym>, × ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÉÍÅÔØ ÍÎÏÇÏ
       ÓÅËÃÉÊ É 32- ÉÌÉ 64-ÒÁÚÒÑÄÎÙÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ.  ïÄÉÎ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÍÉÎÕÓ:
       <acronym>ELF</acronym> ÂÙÌ ÓÐÒÏÅËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÔÁËÖÅ × ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÉ, ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ
       ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ABI.  üÔÏ
       ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ, É ÄÁÖÅ × ÍÉÒÅ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÈ
       ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÊ SYSV (× ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ ÔÒÉ ABI: SVR4,
       Solaris É SCO) ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË.</para>

<para>       </para>

<para>FreeBSD ËÁËÉÍ-ÔÏ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÑ
     ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ ÄÌÑ <emphasis>ÐÏÍÅÔËÉ</emphasis> ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÍÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ
     <acronym>ELF</acronym> Ó ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ABI, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÏÎ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ.
     ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ Ï ÕÔÉÌÉÔÅ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?brandelf">brandelf</ulink>
     ÚÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
  
<para>FreeBSD ×ÙÒÏÓÌÁ ÎÁ "ËÌÁÓÓÉÞÅÓËÉÈ" ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÑÈ É ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÁ
     ÆÏÒÍÁÔ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)">a.out</ulink>,
     ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÀ, ÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÎÎÕÀ É ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÅÎÎÕÀ ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ
     ×ÁÒÉÁÃÉÑÈ BSD.  èÏÔÑ ÄÁ×ÎÏ ÕÖÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÙÌÏ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ
     ÒÏÄÎÙÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ (É ÑÄÒÏ) × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ <acronym>ELF</acronym>, FreeBSD Ó ÓÁÍÏÇÏ
     ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÓÏÐÒÏÔÉ×ÌÑÌÁÓØ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÕ ÎÁ <acronym>ELF</acronym> ËÁË ÎÁ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ
     ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.  ðÏÞÅÍÕ?  ëÏÇÄÁ ÍÉÒ Linux ÄÅÌÁÌ ÂÏÌÅÚÎÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄ Ë
     <acronym>ELF</acronym>, ÐÒÉÞÉÎ ÏÔ×ÅÒÇÎÕÔØ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ <filename>a.out</filename> ÂÙÌÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË ÕÖ É ÍÎÏÇÏ,
     ÒÁÚ×Å ÞÔÏ ÉÈ ÎÅÇÉÂËÉÊ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍÉ
     ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÙÌ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÏ×, ÞÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÌÏ
     ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ ÔÁËÉÈ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅË ÏÞÅÎØ ÚÁÔÒÕÄÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×.
     ôÁË ËÁË ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×Á ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó <acronym>ELF</acronym> ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÌÉ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ
     É ÜÔÏ ÂÙÌÏ × ÏÂÝÅÍ-ÔÏ "ÛÁÇÏÍ ×ÐÅÒ£Ä" × ÌÀÂÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÃÅÎÁ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÁ ÂÙÌÁ
     ÐÒÉÚÎÁÎÁ ÓÔÏÑÝÅÊ ÔÏÇÏ É ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄ ÂÙÌ ÓÄÅÌÁÎ.</para>
  

  
<para>÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ FreeBSD, ÎÁÛ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍÉ
     ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁÍÉ ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÏÈÏÖ ÎÁ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ, ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÍÙÊ × <emphasis remap=tt>SunOS</emphasis>,
     ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÅÇÏ ÏÞÅÎØ ÌÅÇËÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó 3.0, FreeBSD
     ÏÆÉÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <acronym>ELF</acronym> ËÁË ÆÏÒÍÁÔ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.
     é, ÈÏÔÑ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ <filename>a.out</filename> ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÍÅÒÅ, ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÉ
     ÉÚ ÐÒÏÅËÔÁ GNU, Ñ×ÌÑÀÝÉÅÓÑ Á×ÔÏÒÁÍÉ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ,
     ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ <filename>a.out</filename>.  üÔÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÌÏ ÎÁÓ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ
     ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÁ É ËÏÍÐÏÎÏ×ÝÉËÁ, É ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÌÏ
     ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ×ÓÅÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÈ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÏË GNU.  
     ðÏÔÒÅÂÎÏÓÔØ × ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ISO-C++, × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ËÏÎÓÔÒÕËÔÏÒÏ× É
     ÄÅÓÔÒÕËÔÏÒÏ×, ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÌÁ Ë ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÅ <acronym>ELF</acronym> × ÂÕÄÕÝÉÈ ÒÅÌÉÚÁÈ
     FreeBSD.</para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>äÁ, ÎÏ ÐÏÞÅÍÕ ÔÁË ÍÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ×?</para></question><answer>

<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ × ÄÁÌ£ËÏÅ Ô£ÍÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÛÌÏÅ, ÔÏ ÔÏÇÄÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÙ ÂÙÌÉ
     ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ.  îÁ ÎÉÈ ÍÏÇÌÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÐÒÏÓÔÁÑ, ÍÁÌÅÎØËÁÑ
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ.  æÏÒÍÁÔ a.out ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÒÅÛÁÌ ÚÁÄÁÞÕ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ
     ÎÁ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ (PDP-11).  ëÏÇÄÁ ÖÅ ÌÀÄÉ ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓÌÉ unix Ó ÐÒÏÓÔÙÈ
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÏÎÉ ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌÉ a.out, ÔÁË ËÁË ÅÇÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÎÎÉÈ
     ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÊ unix ÄÌÑ ÔÁËÉÈ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒ, ËÁË Motorola 68k, VAX, ÉÔÄ.</para>
  

  
<para>úÁÔÅÍ ËÁËÏÊ-ÔÏ ÕÍÎÙÊ ÉÎÖÅÎÅÒ ÒÅÛÉÌ, ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ
     ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÔÏÎËÉÅ ÍÁÎÉÐÕÌÑÃÉÉ, ÔÏ ÜÔÏ
     ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÐÒÅÏÄÏÌÅÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ ÐÒÏÅËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ
     ÑÄÒÕ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ Ó ÎÏ×ÙÍ ÔÉÐÏÍ
     ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÕÒÙ (× ÎÁÛÉ ÄÎÉ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÍ ËÁË RISC), ÏËÁÚÁÌÏÓØ, ÞÔÏ <filename>a.out</filename>
     ÐÌÏÈÏ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÕÒÙ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÂÙÌÏ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÏ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
     ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ× ÄÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÉÖÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌØÛÅÊ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ
     ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ, ÞÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÁÔØ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ
     <filename>a.out</filename>.  âÙÌÉ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÙ ÔÁËÉÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÙ, ËÁË <acronym>COFF</acronym>, <acronym>ECOFF</acronym> É
     ÅÝ£ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÂÅÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÏ Ó×ÏÉÍÉ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÁËÏÎÅÃ
     ×ÓÅ ÎÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉÓØ ÎÁ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ <acronym>ELF</acronym>.</para>
  

  
<para>÷ÄÏÂÁ×ÏË Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÓÔÁÌÉ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÔØ ÏÇÒÏÍÎÙÈ
     ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏ×, Á ÄÉÓËÏ×ÁÑ (É ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÁÑ) ÐÁÍÑÔØ ÏÓÔÁ×ÁÌÁÓØ ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ
     ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÏÊ, ÔÏ ×ÏÚÎÉËÌÁ ËÏÎÃÅÐÃÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅË.
     óÉÓÔÅÍÁ VM ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÔÁÌÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÍÏÝÎÏÊ.  èÏÔÑ ËÁÖÄÏÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏ×Ï××ÅÄÅÎÉÊ
     ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÌÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ <filename>a.out</filename>, ÅÇÏ ÂÅÓÐÏÌÅÚÎÏÓÔØ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÁÓØ
     ×ÉÄÎÁ ×Ó£ ÂÏÌØÛÅ É ÂÏÌØÛÅ Ó ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.  ë ÔÏÍÕ
     ÖÅ ÌÀÄÉ ÚÁÈÏÔÅÌÉ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØ ËÏÄ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ
     ÉÌÉ ÓÂÒÁÓÙ×ÁÔØ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ËÏÄÁ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÄÌÑ
     ÜËÏÎÏÍÉÉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ É/ÉÌÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ Ó×ÏÐÁ.  ñÚÙËÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
     ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉÓØ ×Ó£ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÕÍÎÙÍÉ É ÌÀÄÉ ÚÁÈÏÔÅÌÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
     ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ.  ó ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏÍ
     <filename>a.out</filename> ÂÙÌÁ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÁ ÍÁÓÓÁ ÕÈÉÝÒÅÎÉÊ ÄÌÑ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÜÔÉÈ
     ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÊ, É ÏÎÉ × ÏÂÝÅÍ-ÔÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÉ.  ÷ ËÏÎÃÅ ËÏÎÃÏ× ÎÁÓÔÕÐÉÌ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ,
     ËÏÇÄÁ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ <filename>a.out</filename> ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÌ ÂÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÓÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ÜÔÉÍÉ
     ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍÉ ÂÅÚ ÅÝ£ ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÐÏÔÅÒØ × ËÏÄÅ É ÇÉÂËÏÓÔÉ × ÒÁÂÏÔÅ.  ôÏÇÄÁ
     ËÁË <acronym>ELF</acronym> ÒÅÛÁÌ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ, ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄ ÎÁ ÎÅÇÏ ÂÙÌ ÂÙ
     ÂÏÌÅÚÎÅÎÎÙÍ ÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  ôÁË ÞÔÏ <acronym>ELF</acronym> ÖÄÁÌ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ, ËÏÇÄÁ
     ÂÙÌ ÂÙ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÂÏÌÅÚÎÅÎÎÙÍ ÏÓÔÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏÍ <filename>a.out</filename>, ÞÅÍ ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ
     Ë ÆÏÒÍÁÔÕ <acronym>ELF</acronym>.</para>
  

  
<para>ïÄÎÁËÏ Ó ÔÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÙ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
     ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÙ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ FreeBSD (ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÁÓÓÅÍÂÌÅÒ É 
     ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË), ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÌÉÓØ ÎÁ Ä×Å ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÅ ×ÅÔ×É.  ÷ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï FreeBSD
     ÂÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ É ÂÙÌÉ 
     ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ.  òÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÉ ÉÚ GNU, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏ
     ÐÉÓÁÌÉ ÜÔÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÉÈ ÐÅÒÅÄÅÌÁÌÉ, ÄÏÂÁ×É× ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÕÀ
     ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ËÒÏÓÓ-ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÏ×, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
     ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÙ, ÉÔÄ.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÅÌÉ ÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ËÒÏÓÓ-ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒ
     Ó ×ÙÈÏÄÎ×Í ËÏÄÏÍ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD, ÔÏ ÉÍ ÎÅ ÐÏ×ÅÚÌÏ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÓÔÁÒÙÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ
     ÔÅËÓÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ FreeBSD ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÁ ÄÌÑ as É ld, ÎÅ ÐÏÄÏÛÌÉ.  îÏ×ÙÊ
     ÎÁÂÏÒ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ ÏÔ GNU (binutils) ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÒÏÓÓ-ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÀ, <acronym>ELF</acronym>,
     ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ, ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑ C++, ÉÔÄ.  ÷ÄÏÂÁ×ÏË,
     ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÉ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÀÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ × ÂÉÎÁÒÎÏÍ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ <acronym>ELF</acronym>, É
     ÄÌÑ FreeBSD ÂÙÌÏ ÂÙ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÉÈ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ.  é ÅÓÌÉ
     ÔÁËÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÁ, ÚÁÞÅÍ ÔÏÇÄÁ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÔØ
     ÏÐÉÒÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ <filename>a.out</filename>?  üÔÏ ÉÚÍÕÞÅÎÎÁÑ ÓÔÁÒÁÑ ÌÏÛÁÄØ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÂÙÌÁ
     ÐÏÌÅÚÎÁ ÄÏÌÇÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ÎÏ ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ÓÁÍÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÔ ÎÅ£ ÏÔËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ, ÏÓÔÁ×É×
     × ÐÒÏÛÌÏÍ ÄÏÌÇÉÅ ÇÏÄÙ ÐÒÅÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÌÕÖÂÙ.</para>
  

  
<para><acronym>ELF</acronym> ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÙÒÁÚÉÔÅÌÅÎ, ÞÅÍ a.out, É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÔØ
     ÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÑÅÍÏÓÔØ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  éÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó
     <acronym>ELF</acronym> ÌÕÞÛÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁÍÉ, É ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ
     ËÒÏÓÓ-ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ, ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ×ÁÖÎÏ.  <acronym>ELF</acronym> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ
     ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÅÅ, ÞÅÍ a.out, ÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÔÒÕÄÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÒÉÔØ.  ôÁËÖÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÎÉÍÉ ÅÓÔØ
     ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÑ ÐÏ ÒÁÓÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÀ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÅ ËÏÄÁ
     ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ, ÉÔÄ.  îÉËÁËÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÊ ÏÓÏÂÏ ÎÅ ×ÁÖÎÙ, ÎÏ ÜÔÉ
     ÏÔÌÉÞÉÑ ×Ó£ ÖÅ ÅÓÔØ.  óÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ <filename>a.out</filename> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÂÒÁÎÁ ÉÚ
     ÑÄÒÁ GENERIC, É ÐÏÓÔÅÐÅÎÎÏ ÕÂÒÁÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏ×ÓÅÍ, ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÔÐÁÄ£Ô
     ÎÕÖÄÁ × ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ <filename>a.out</filename>.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÓÓÙÌËÉ?
     </para></question><answer>

<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÏÐÃÉÉ ``<option>-H</option>'' ÉÌÉ
     ``<option>-L</option>'' ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÐÃÉÅÊ ``<option>-R</option>''.
     ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod">chmod</ulink> É ÐÏ <ulink
     URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?symlink">symlink</ulink>.</para>
 
<para><emphasis remap=bf>ðòåäõðòåöäåîéå</emphasis> ÏÐÃÉÑ ``<option>-R</option>'' ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <emphasis remap=tt>chmod</emphasis>
     <emphasis remap=bf>òåëõòóé÷îï</emphasis>.  âÕÄØÔÅ ÏÓÔÏÒÏÖÎÙ, ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ ÉÌÉ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÉÅ
     ÓÓÙÌËÉ ÎÁ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ × ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÈ <emphasis remap=tt>chmod</emphasis>.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ
     ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙÌËÁ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod">chmod</ulink>
     ÂÅÚ ÏÐÃÉÊ É ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙÌËÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÌÉÄÉÒÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÓÌÜÛÁ
     (``<filename>/</filename>'').  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ``<emphasis remap=tt>foo</emphasis>'' Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÏÊ
     ÓÓÙÌËÏÊ ÎÁ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ``<emphasis remap=tt>bar</emphasis>'', Á ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ
     ``<emphasis remap=tt>foo</emphasis>'' (ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ``<emphasis remap=tt>bar</emphasis>''), ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
     ÔÉÐÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        chmod 555 foo/
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>åÓÌÉ ÚÁÄÁÎ ÌÉÄÉÒÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÌÜÛ,
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod">chmod</ulink> ÂÕÄÅÔ
     ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙÌËÅ, ``<emphasis remap=tt>foo</emphasis>'',
     ÍÅÎÑÑ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ``<emphasis remap=tt>bar</emphasis>''.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÄÌÉÎÁ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ <emphasis remap=bf>×Ó£ ÅÝ£</emphasis> ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÁ
        8 ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁÍÉ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>îÁ×ÅÒÎÏÅ, ×Ù ÄÕÍÁÅÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ 
     ËÏÎÓÔÁÎÔÙ <symbol>UT_NAMESIZE</symbol>, ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
     É ×Ó£ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ.  ë ÎÅÓÞÁÓÔØÀ, ÞÁÓÔØ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ É ÕÔÉÌÉÔ (×ËÌÀÞÁÑ
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ) ÉÍÅÀÔ Ö£ÓÔËÏ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÍÁÌÙÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ (ÎÅ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ "8" ÉÌÉ
     "9", ÎÏ É ÔÁËÉÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÎÙÅ, ËÁË "15" ÉÌÉ "20") × ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁÈ É ÂÕÆÅÒÁÈ. 
     üÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£Ô ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ë ÐÏÒÞÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÖÕÒÎÁÌÏ× (ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌÅÊ
     ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÔÁÍ, ÇÄÅ ÏÖÉÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÌÅ ÆÉËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ), ÎÏ
     ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏ×ÌÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Sun NIS É ÍÏÖÅÔ × ÐÒÉÎÃÉÐÅ
     ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ UNIX.</para>
  

  
<para>÷Ï FreeBSD 3.0 É ÓÔÁÒÛÅ, ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÁÑ ÄÌÉÎÁ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÂÙÌÁ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÁ
     ÄÏ 16 ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× É ×ÓÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ Ó ÐÒÅÄÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÂÙÌÉ
     ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ É ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÙ.  ôÁË ËÁË ÜÔÏ ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÔÏÌØ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÏÂÌÁÓÔÅÊ ×
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÔÏ ÔÁËÉÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÅ ÄÅÌÁÌÉÓØ ×ÐÌÏÔØ ÄÏ 3.0. </para>
  
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÁÂÓÏÌÀÔÎÏ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ, ÞÔÏ ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ É ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ
     ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÒÏÄÁ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎÉ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔ, ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ
     ÄÌÉÎÕ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ × ÒÁÎÎÉÈ ÒÅÌÉÚÁÈ, ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×Á× ÆÁÊÌ
     /usr/include/utmp.h É ÉÚÍÅÎÉ× ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ËÏÎÓÔÁÎÔÕ
     UT_NAMESIZE.  ÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ MAXLOGNAME ×
     ÆÁÊÌÅ /usr/include/sys/param.h, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÌÏ UT_NAMESIZE.
     é ÎÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, ÎÅ ÚÁÂÕÄØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ 
     /usr/include ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ!  äÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×
     ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ /usr/src/.. </para>
  
</answer></qandaentry>


<qandaentry><question>
<para>íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ DOS ×Ï FreeBSD?</para>
  </question><answer>

<para>äÁ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 3.0, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÍÕÌÑÔÏÒ DOS
  <emphasis remap=tt>doscmd</emphasis> ÏÔ BSDI, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÙÌ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ
  × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ É ÕÓÏ×ÅÒÛÅÎÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎ.  ðÏÛÌÉÔÅ ÐÉÓØÍÏ × <ulink
  URL="mailto:freebsd-emulation@FreeBSD.org">ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ</ulink>,
  ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÙÊ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ ×Ï FreeBSD, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÕÞÁÓÔÉÉ ×
  ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÏÅËÔÅ.</para>
 
<para>äÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÐÒÅÄÛÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ 3.0, × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÅÓÔØ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÔÅÌØÎÁÑ
  ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ <ulink 
  URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^pcemu">pcemu</ulink>,
  ÜÍÕÌÉÒÕÀÝÁÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ 8088 É ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ BIOS, ÞÅÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
  ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ DOS, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÈ × ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ.  ïÎÁ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ X Window
  System (ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÁË XFree86).</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>


<qandaentry><question>
<para>        þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ``<emphasis remap=tt>sup</emphasis>'' É ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>óÏËÒÁÝÅÎÉÅ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^sup">SUP</ulink> ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ Software Update Protocol, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÙÌ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎ ×
     CMU ÄÌÑ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×.  íÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ ÅÇÏ ÄÌÑ
     ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÙÈ ÓÁÊÔÁÈ Ó ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ
     ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×.</para>
 
<para>ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ SUP ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÕÀ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØ ËÁÎÁÌÁ ÎÅÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏ,
     É ÂÙÌ ÏÔ×ÅÒÇÎÕÔ.  ÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍÙÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÄÌÑ
     ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ <ulink URL="../../handbook/synching.html#CVSUP">CVSup</ulink>.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>îÁÓËÏÌØËÏ ÇÒÅÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ FreeBSD?</para></question><answer>

<para>÷. ëÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÄÅÌÁÌ ÚÁÍÅÒÙ ÔÅÍÐÅÒÁÔÕÒÙ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ FreeBSD?  ñ
     ÚÎÁÀ, ÞÔÏ Linux ÇÒÅÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÎØÛÅ, ÞÅÍ DOS, ÎÏ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ×ÉÄÅÌ ÕÐÏÍÉÎÁÎÉÑ
     FreeBSD.  îÁ×ÅÒÎÏÅ, ÏÎ ÓÉÌØÎÏ ÇÒÅÅÔÓÑ.</para>
  

  
<para>ï. îÅÔ, ÎÏ ÍÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÌÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ×ËÕÓÏ×ÙÅ ÔÅÓÔÙ Õ ÄÏÂÒÏ×ÏÌØÃÅ× Ó
     ÚÁ×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÍÉ ÇÌÁÚÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÉÎÑÌÉ ÐÏ 250 ÍÉËÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ
     LSD-25.  35% ÄÏÂÒÏ×ÏÌØÃÅ× ÚÁÑ×ÉÌÏ, ÞÔÏ FreeBSD ÉÍÅÅÔ ×ËÕÓ ÁÐÅÌØÓÉÎÁ,
     ÔÏÇÄÁ ËÁË ×ËÕÓ Linux ÒÁÓÃÅÎÉ×ÁÌÓÑ ËÁË ÆÉÏÌÅÔÏ×ÙÊ ÔÕÍÁÎ.  îÁÓËÏÌØËÏ
     Ñ ÐÏÍÎÀ, ÎÉ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ ÇÒÕÐÐ ÎÅ ÏÔÍÅÔÉÌÁ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÒÁÚÎÉÃÙ ×
     ÔÅÍÐÅÒÁÔÕÒÅ.  ÷Ù ÈÏÔÅÌÉ ÏÐÕÂÌÉËÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÌÎÙÅ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÏÐÒÏÓÁ,
     ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÄÉ, ÞÔÏ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÂÒÏ×ÏÌØÃÅ× ÐÏËÉÎÕÌÉ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ
     ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÏ×, ÞÔÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÍÁÚÁÌÏ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ.  ñ ÄÕÍÁÀ, ÞÔÏ
     ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÓÅÊÞÁÓ × Apple ÎÁÄ ÉÈ ÎÏ×ÙÍ GUI 
     ``ÞÅÛÉ É ÎÀÈÁÊ''.  üÔÏ ÓÔÁÒÙÊ ÄÏÂÒÙÊ ÂÉÚÎÅÓ!      </para>
  

  
<para>óÅÒØ£ÚÎÏ, É FreeBSD, É Linux ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÀ ``<acronym>HLT</acronym>''
     (halt), ËÏÇÄÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÒÏÓÔÁÉ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÁÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÅÎÉÅ ÜÎÅÒÇÉÉ
     É × Ó×ÏÀ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ, ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÔÅÐÌÁ.  ÷ÄÏÂÁ×ÏË, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ
     APM (Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÜÎÅÒÇÏÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÅÎÉÅÍ), ÔÏ FreeBSD 
     ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÉÔØ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ × ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÏÎÉÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜÎÅÒÇÏÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÅÎÉÑ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÔÏ ÔÁÍ ÓËÒÅ£ÔÓÑ × ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ??</para></question><answer>

<para>÷. äÅÌÁÅÔ ÌÉ FreeBSD ÞÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÜÄÁËÏÅ ÐÒÉ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÞÔÏ
     ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÏÓËÒÉÐÙ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ?  ðÒÉ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ (É × ËÏÒÏÔËÉÊ
     ÐÒÏÍÅÖÕÔÏË ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄÁ ÐÒÉ ÓÔÁÒÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ)
     ÏÔ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÓÔÒÁÎÎÙÊ ÃÁÒÁÐÁÀÝÉÊ Ú×ÕË.</para>
  

  
<para>ï. äÁ!  ÷Ù, ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÏÅ, ×ÉÄÅÌÉ ÞÁÓÔÏÅ ÕÐÏÍÉÎÁÎÉÅ ``ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏ×'' ×
     ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ ÐÏ BSD, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÚÎÁÀÔ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÅ ÎÅÍÁÔÅÒÉÁÌØÎÙÅ
     ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Á, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÚÁ×ÌÁÄÅÌÉ ×ÁÛÉÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏÍ.  ãÁÒÁÐÁÀÝÉÊ Ú×ÕË,
     ÉÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍÁÍÉ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ - ÜÔÏ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ×ÙÓÏËÏÞÁÓÔÏÔÎÏÅ
     ÐÅÒÅÛ£ÐÔÙ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁÍÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎÉ ÒÅÛÁÀÔ, ËÁË ÌÕÞÛÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ
     Ó ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÄÁÞÁÍÉ ÐÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
  

  
<para>åÓÌÉ ÛÕÍ ÄÏÓÔÉÇ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÕÛÅÊ. ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ DOS ``<command>fdisk /mbr</command>''
     ÉÈ ÓÐÕÇΣÔ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÕÄÉ×ÌÑÊÔÅÓØ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÉ ÏÔÒÅÁÇÉÒÕÀÔ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ
     ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ É ÐÏÐÙÔÁÀÔÓÑ ×ÁÓ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ.  æÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ
     ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ×Ù ÕÓÌÙÛÉÔÅ ÓÁÔÁÎÉÎÓËÉÊ ÇÏÌÏÓ âÉÌÌÁ çÅÊÔÓÁ ÉÚ
     ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÎÁÍÉËÁ, ÂÅÇÉÔÅ É ÄÁÖÅ ÎÅ ÏÇÌÑÄÙ×ÁÊÔÅÓØ!  éÚÂÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ
     ÏÔ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ Ó ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁÍÉ BSD, ÂÌÉÚÎÅÃÙ-ÄÅÍÏÎÙ DOS É Windows ÞÁÓÔÏ
     ÍÏÇÕÔ ÚÁÈ×ÁÔÉÔØ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØ ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁÄ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÏÊ É
     ÎÁ×ÌÅÞØ ×ÅÞÎÏÅ ÐÒÏËÌÑÔÉÅ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÕ ÄÕÛÕ.  åÓÌÉ ÂÙ Õ ÍÅÎÑ ÂÙÌ ×ÙÂÏÒ, Ñ
     ÄÕÍÁÀ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÔÕ ÃÁÒÁÐÁÀÝÉÊ Ú×ÕË.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ 'MFC'?</para></question><answer>

<para>MFC ÜÔÏ ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÔ 'Merged From -CURRENT.'  ïÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ×
     ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ CVS ÄÌÑ ÏÔÍÅÔËÉ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÂÙÌÏ
     ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓÅÎÏ × ×ÅÔ×Ø STABLE ÉÚ CURRENT.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>þÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÉÅ 'BSD'?</para></question><answer>

<para>üÔÏ ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÉÅ ÚÎÁÞÉÔ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÎÁ ÓÅËÒÅÔÎÏÍ ÑÚÙËÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÚÎÁÔØ
     ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÙÅ.  üÔÏ ÎÅÌØÚÑ ÐÅÒÅ×ÅÓÔÉ ÏÄÉÎ Ë ÏÄÎÏÍÕ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ
     ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÓËÁÚÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄ Ó BSD - ÜÔÏ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÍÅÖÄÕ 'ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ
     Formula-1", 'ðÉÎÇ×ÉÎÙ - ÜÔÏ ×ËÕÓÎÙÅ ÐÌÀÛËÉ' É 'íÙ ÐÒÉËÏÌØÎÅÅ, ÞÅÍ
     Linux.' :-)</para>
 
<para>åÓÌÉ ÓÅÒØ£ÚÎÏ, ÔÏ BSD Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÔ 'Berkeley Software
     Distribution', ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÂÙÌÏ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÏ Berkeley CSRG (Computer
     Systems Research Group) ÄÌÑ ÉÈ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á Unix.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>óËÏÌØËÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× FreeBSD, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÍÅÎÉÔØ ÌÁÍÐÏÞËÕ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>îÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÒÏ×ÎÏ ÏÄÎÕ ÔÙÓÑÞÕ ÓÔÏ ÓÅÍØÄÅÓÑÔ Ä×Á ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁ:</para>
 
<para>ä×ÁÄÃÁÔØ ÔÒÉ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÔ × -CURRENT Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅ ÇÏÒÉÔ Ó×ÅÔ;</para>
 
<para>þÅÔÙÒÅ ÎÁÞÎÕÔ ÕÔ×ÅÒÖÄÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ É ÔÁËÉÅ
     ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ × -questions;</para>
 
<para>ôÒÏÅ ÏÆÏÒÍÑÔ PR ÐÏ ÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÏ×ÏÄÕ, ÐÒÉÞ£Í ÏÄÎÏ ÉÈ ÎÉÈ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÏ
     × doc É ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ "ÚÄÅÓØ ÔÅÍÎÏ";</para>
 
<para>ïÄÉÎ ÚÁËÏÍÍÉÔÉÔ ÎÅÏÔÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÕÀ ÌÁÍÐÏÞËÕ, ÞÔÏ ÓÌÏÍÁÅÔ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÑÔØ ÍÉÎÕÔ ×ÅÒÎ£Ô ×ÓÅ ÎÁÚÁÄ;</para>
 
<para>÷ÏÓÅÍØ ÐÏÒÕÇÁÀÔÓÑ Ó Á×ÔÏÒÁÍÉ PR ÐÏ ÐÏ×ÏÄÕ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÔÞÅÊ × PR;</para>
 
<para>ðÑÔØ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÔ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ;</para>
 
<para>ôÒÉÄÃÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ ÞÅÌÏ×ÅË ÏÔ×ÅÔÉÔ, ÞÔÏ Õ ÎÉÈ ×Ó£ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÏÅ, ÔÅ
     ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÌÉ cvsup × ÎÅÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ;</para>
 
<para>ïÄÉÎ ÐÏÛÌ£Ô ÐÁÔÞ ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÌÁÍÐÏÞËÉ × -hackers;</para>
 
<para>ïÄÉÎ ÐÏÖÁÌÕÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ Õ ÎÅÇÏ ÉÍÅÌÉÓØ ÐÁÔÞÉËÉ ÅÝ£ ÔÒÉ ÇÏÄÁ ÎÁÚÁÄ,
     ÎÏ ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎ ÐÏÓÌÁÌ ÉÈ × -CURRENT, ÏÎÉ ÂÙÌÉ ÐÒÏÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ É ÏÎ ÉÍÅÌ
     ÎÅÕÄÁÞÎÙÊ ÏÐÙÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ PR; ËÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÍÁÑ ÌÁÍÐÏÞËÁ
     ÎÅ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÏÔÒÁÖÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
 
<para>ôÒÉÄÃÁÔØ ÓÅÍØ ÎÁÞÎÕÔ ËÒÉÞÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÌÁÍÐÏÞËÉ ÎÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ Ë ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÞÔÏ ËÏÍÍÉÔÔÅÒÙ ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÐÒÁ×Á ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÔÁËÉÅ ×ÅÝÉ ÂÅÚ ÏÐÒÏÓÁ
     ÏÂÛÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ É þôï ÷ïïâýå -CORE äåìáåô ðï üôïíõ ðï÷ïäõ?</para>
 
<para>ä×Å ÓÏÔÎÉ ÎÁÐÉÛÕÔ Ï Ã×ÅÔÅ ×ÅÌÏÓÉÐÅÄÎÙÈ ÆÁÒ;</para>
 
<para>ôÒÏÅ ÓËÁÖÕÔ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÔÞ ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ style(9);</para>
 
<para>óÅÍÎÁÄÃÁÔØ ×ÏÚÒÁÚÑÔ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÍÁÑ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÌÁÍÐÁ ÐÏÄÐÁÄÁÅÔ ÐÏÄ
     ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÀ GPL;</para>
 
<para>ðÑÔØÓÏÔ ×ÏÓÅÍØÄÅÓÑÔ ÛÅÓÔØ ÒÁÚÄÕÀÔ ÆÌÜÊÍ ÐÏ ÐÏ×ÏÄÕ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÑ
     ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÊ GPL, BSD, MIT, NPL É ÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÍÎÅÎÉÊ Ï ÎÅÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ
     FSF;</para>
 
<para>óÅÍÅÒÏ ÐÏÛÌÀÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÅÎÉÊ × -chat É
     -advocacy;</para>
 
<para>ïÄÉÎ ÚÁËÏÍÍÉÔÉÔ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÍÕÀ ÌÁÍÐÕ, ÈÏÔÑ ÏÎÁ Ó×ÅÔÉÔ ÈÕÖÅ, ÞÅÍ
     ÓÔÁÒÁÑ;</para>
 
<para>ä×ÏÅ ÏÔËÁÔÑÔ ÜÔÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÕÖÁÓÎÏÊ ÒÕÇÁÎØÀ × ÖÕÒÎÁÌÅ ËÏÍÍÉÔÁ
     Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ FreeBSD ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÉÄÅÔØ × ÔÅÍÎÏÔÅ, ÞÅÍ Ó ÔÕÓËÌÏÊ ÌÁÍÐÏÊ.</para>
 
<para>óÏÒÏË ÛÅÓÔØ ÇÒÏÍËÏ ×ÏÓÐÒÏÔÉ×ÑÔÓÑ ÜÔÏÍÕ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÀ É ÐÏÔÒÕÂÕÀÔ
     ÏÂßÑÓÎÅÎÉÊ ÏÔ -core;</para>
 
<para>ïÄÉÎÎÁÄÃÁÔØ ÐÏÐÒÏÓÑÔ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÌÁÍÐÏÞËÉ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎÁ ÐÏÄÏÛÌÁ
     Ë ÉÈ ôÁÍÁÇÏÞÉ ÎÁ ÓÌÕÞÁÊ, ÅÓÌÉ ÍÙ ËÏÇÄÁ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÓÏÂÅÒ£ÍÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÉÔØ
     FreeBSD ÎÁ ÜÔÕ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÕ;</para>
 
<para>óÅÍØÄÅÓÑÔ ÔÒÉ ÚÁÑ×ÑÔ Ï SNR × -hackers É -chat É × ÚÎÁË ÐÒÏÔÅÓÔÁ
     ÏÔÐÉÛÕÔÓÑ;</para>
 
<para>ôÒÉÎÁÄÃÁÔØ ÐÏÛÌÀÔ ÐÉÓØÍÁ "unsubscribe", "How do I unsubscribe?",
     É "Please remove me from the list" Ó ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÐÏÄÐÉÓØÀ;</para>
 
<para>ïÄÉÎ ÚÁËÏÍÍÉÔÉÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÕÀ ÌÁÍÐÏÞËÕ × ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ËÁË ×ÓÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ 
     ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÚÁÎÑÔÙ ÒÕÇÁÎØÀ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔØ;</para>
 
<para>ôÒÉÄÃÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ ÞÅÌÏ×ÅË ÎÁÐÉÛÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÌÁÍÐÏÞËÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ Ó×ÅÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
     0.364% ÑÒÞÅ, ÅÓÌÉ Å£ ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ TenDRA (ÈÏÔÑ ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ
     ÏÎÁ ÐÒÉÏÂÒÅÔ£Ô ÆÏÒÍÕ ËÕÂÁ) É ÞÔÏ FreeBSD ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ ÎÁ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒ
     TenDRA, Á ÎÅ ÎÁ EGCS;</para>
 
<para>ïÄÉÎ ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔ, ÞÔÏ Õ ÌÁÍÐÏÞËÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÃÏËÏÌØ;</para>
 
<para>äÅ×ÑÔØ (×ËÌÀÞÁÑ Á×ÔÏÒÏ× PR) ÓÐÒÏÓÑÔ "ÞÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ MFC?";</para>
 
<para>óÐÕÓÔÑ Ä×Å ÎÅÄÅÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÍÅÎÙ ÌÁÍÐÏÞËÉ ÐÑÔØÄÅÓÑÔ ÓÅÍØ ÞÅÌÏ×ÅË ÓÏÏÂÝÁÔ
     Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ Ó×ÅÔÁ ×Ó£ ÒÁ×ÎÏ ÎÅÔ.</para>
 
<para><emphasis><ulink URL="mailto:nik@FreeBSD.org">îÉË ëÌÜÊÔÏÎ</ulink> (Nik
     Clayton) ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÌ:</emphasis></para>
 
<para><emphasis>ñ ÓÉÌØÎÏ ÓÍÅÑÌÓÑ ÎÁÄ ×ÓÅÍ ÜÔÉÍ.</emphasis></para>
 
<para><emphasis>é ÔÏÇÄÁ Ñ ÐÏÄÕÍÁÌ, "ðÏÓÔÏÊÔÅ-ËÁ, ÎÁÊÄ£ÔÓÑ ÌÉ ËÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ,
     ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÇÄÅ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ?"</emphasis></para>
 
<para><emphasis>é ÎÁ ÍÅÎÑ ÓÎÉÚÏÛÌÏ ÏÚÁÒÅÎÉÅ :-)</emphasis></para>

<para><emphasis>á×ÔÏÒÓËÉÅ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÇÒÁÆ: Copyright (c) 1999 <ulink
  URL="mailto:des@FreeBSD.org">Dag-Erling Co&iuml;dan Sm&oslash;rgrav</ulink>.
  ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÏÓÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÁÌ ÂÅÚ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ Á×ÔÏÒÓËÉÈ
  ÐÒÁ×.</emphasis></para>

</answer></qandaentry></qandaset>
</chapter>


<chapter
id="hackers">
<title>ôÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÅÒØ£ÚÎÙÈ ÈÜËÅÒÏ× FreeBSD</title>

<qandaset><qandaentry><question>
<para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ SNAP É RELEASE?</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi">ÄÅÒÅ×Å CVS</ulink>
     ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÔÒÉ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ/ÐÏÌÕÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ ÒÁÚ×É×ÁÀÝÉÈÓÑ ×ÅÔËÉ
     FreeBSD:</para>
  
<para>     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para><symbol>RELENG_2_2</symbol>   AKA <emphasis remap=bf>2.2-STABLE</emphasis> AKA <emphasis remap=bf>"×ÅÔ×Ø 2.2"</emphasis>
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para><symbol>RELENG_3</symbol>     AKA <emphasis remap=bf>3.X-stable</emphasis> AKA <emphasis remap=bf>"×ÅÔ×Ø 3.0"</emphasis>
       </para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para><acronym>HEAD</acronym>         AKA <option>-current</option> AKA <emphasis remap=bf>4.0-CURRENT</emphasis>
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
 
<para><acronym>HEAD</acronym> - ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÊ ÔÜÇ ×ÅÔËÉ, ËÁË ÄÒÕÇÉÅ Ä×Á, Á
  ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌØÎÁÑ ËÏÎÓÔÁÎÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ <emphasis>"ÔÅËÕÝÅÇÏ, ÎÅ
  ×ÅÔ×ÑÝÅÇÏÓÑ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÅÇÏÓÑ × ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÅ ÄÅÒÅ×Á"</emphasis>, ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ
  <option>-CURRENT</option>.</para>
 
<para>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ <option>-CURRENT</option> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÍÓÑ ×
  ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÅ ÄÅÒÅ×ÏÍ 4.0, ×ÅÔËÁ <emphasis remap=bf>3.0-STABLE</emphasis>,
  <symbol>RELENG_3</symbol>, ÏÔÄÅÌÉÌÁÓØ ÏÔ <option>-CURRENT</option> × ÑÎ×ÁÒÅ
  1999.</para>
 
<para>÷ÅÔ×Ø <emphasis remap=bf>2.2-STABLE</emphasis>,
  <symbol>RELENG_2_2</symbol>, ÏÔÄÅÌÉÌÁÓØ ÏÔ -CURRENT × ÎÏÑÂÒÅ 1996.</para>
 
<para>÷ÅÔ×Ø <emphasis remap=bf>2.1-STABLE</emphasis>,
  <symbol>RELENG_2_1_0</symbol>, ÏÔÄÅÌÉÌÁÓØ ÏÔ -CURRENT × ÓÅÎÔÑÂÒÅ 1994.
  òÁÚ×ÉÔÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÅÔ×É ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÅÎÏ.</para>

</answer></qandaentry>


<qandaentry><question
id="custrel">
<para>ëÁË ÓÁÍÉÍ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÒÅÌÉÚ?</para></question><answer>

<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÒÅÌÉÚ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÔÒÉ ×ÅÝÉ: ÷Ï-ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ
     ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÑÄÒÏÍ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÝÉÍ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?vn">vn</ulink>.  äÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ
     ÅÇÏ × ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ É ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        pseudo-device vn         #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device)
      </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>÷Ï-×ÔÏÒÙÈ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÅ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï CVS.  þÔÏÂÙ ÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ
    ÜÔÏÇÏ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <ulink
    URL="../../handbook/synching.html#CVSUP">CVSUP</ulink>, ÕËÁÚÁ× × ÆÁÊÌÅ
    supfile × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÉÍÅÎÉ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ cvs É ÕÄÁÌÉ× ×ÓÅ ÐÏÌÑ Ó ÔÅÇÁÍÉ É
    ÄÁÔÁÍÉ:</para>
  
<para>     
    <literallayout>
      *default prefix=/home/ncvs
      *default base=/a
      *default host=cvsup.FreeBSD.org
      *default release=cvs
      *default delete compress use-rel-suffix

      ## Main Source Tree
      src-all
      src-eBones
      src-secure

      # Other stuff
      ports-all
      www
      doc-all
    </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ <command>cvsup -g supfile</command> ÄÌÑ ×ÙËÁÞËÉ ×ÓÅÈ
     ÎÕÖÎÙÈ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÎÁ ×ÁÛ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ...</para>
 
<para>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  äÏÐÕÓÔÉÍ, ÞÔÏ
     Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÅÓÔØ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/some/big/filesystem</filename>
     É, ËÁË × ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ, ×Ù ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÌÉ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï CVS × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
     <filename>/home/ncvs</filename>:</para>
 
<para>     
<literallayout>        setenv CVSROOT /home/ncvs        # or export CVSROOT=/home/ncvs
        cd /usr/src/release
        make release BUILDNAME=3.0-MY-SNAP CHROOTDIR=/some/big/filesystem/release
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÔÒÏÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
  <filename>/some/big/filesystem/release</filename> É ÐÏ ÏËÏÎÞÁÎÉÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ
  ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×, ÇÏÔÏ×ÙÊ Ë ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÀ ÎÁ FTP-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ, ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ×
  ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/some/big/filesystem/release/R/ftp</filename>.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù
  ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÉÔØ SNAP ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ×ÅÔËÉ, ÎÅ -CURRENT, ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ
  <literal>RELEASETAG=SOMETAG</literal> × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ make release ×ÙÛÅ,
  ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÐÒÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÉ <literal>RELEASETAG=RELENG_2_2</literal>, ÂÕÄÅÔ
  ÓÔÒÏÉÔØÓÑ ÓÁÍÙÊ Ó×ÅÖÉÊ ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔ ×ÅÔËÉ 2.2-STABLE.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ?</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ÅÓØ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× É ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Ï× ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
     ÔÅËÓÔÏ× É ÂÉÎÁÒÎÉËÏ× Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
     <filename>/usr/src/release/Makefile</filename>.  éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, × Î£Í
     ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÊÓÑ, ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÞÁÔØ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÁÓ
     ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÄÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ × ÓÅÂÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ``make world''
     É ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ É ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ ``make world'' ÂÙÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ.
      </para></question><answer>

<para>äÁ, ÔÁË É ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ; ËÁË ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÔ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ``make
     world'' ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× Ó ÎÕÌÑ, ÔÁË
     ÞÔÏ × ÉÔÏÇÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÂÙÔØ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÞÉÓÔÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ
     ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ (×ÏÔ ÐÏÞÅÍÕ ÜÔÏ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÓÔÏÌØËÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ).</para>
  

  
<para>åÓÌÉ × ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ``<emphasis remap=tt>make world</emphasis>'' ÉÌÉ ``<emphasis remap=tt>make
     install</emphasis>'' ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ <acronym>DESTDIR</acronym>, ÔÏ ×ÎÏ×Ø
     ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÙ × ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×.  ÉÄÅÎÔÉÞÎÏÅ
     ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍÕ, Ó ËÏÒÎÅÍ, ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÝÉÍÓÑ ×
     <emphasis remap=tt>&#36;{DESTDIR}</emphasis>.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÅ
     ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÉ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅË É ×ÅÒÓÉÊ
     ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÅÍÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ``<emphasis remap=tt>make world</emphasis>'',
     ÍÏÖÅÔ ÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÏÍÅÛÁÔØ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ðÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÙÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ``(bus speed defaulted)''.
      </para></question><answer>

<para>áÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ SCSI Adaptec 1542 ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ
     ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÛÉÎÅ.  ðÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ 1542 ÐÙÔÁÌÉÓØ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ
     ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÕÀ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ.  íÙ
     ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌÉ, ÞÔÏ Õ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÌÏ Ë ÎÁÒÕÛÅÎÉÀ
     ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ×ÙÎÅÓÅÎÁ
     × ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ``<symbol>TUNE_1542</symbol>''.  éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
     ÜÔÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÎÁ ÔÅÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÇÄÅ ÏÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë
     ÕÓËÏÒÅÎÉÀ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÄÉÓËÁÍ, Á ÔÁÍ, ÇÄÅ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ
     Ë ÐÏÔÅÒÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question
id="ctm">
<para>        íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó current ÐÒÉ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÏÍ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅ × Internet?
        
      </para></question><answer>

<para>äÁ, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ <emphasis remap=tt>ÂÅÚ</emphasis> ÓËÁÞÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÄÅÒÅ×Á ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
     ÔÅËÓÔÏ× Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ <ulink URL="../../handbook/synching.html#CTM">ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ CTM</ulink>.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ëÁË ×Ù ÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÅÔÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× ÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÏ 240ë?</para></question><answer>

<para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ split × ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ BSD-ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÏÐÃÉÀ ``<option>-b</option>'',
     ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÕÀ ÒÁÚÒÅÚÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁ ÞÁÓÔÉ Ó ÔÏÞÎÏÓÔØÀ ÄÏ ÂÁÊÔÁ.</para>
  

  
<para>÷ÏÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>/usr/src/Makefile</filename>.</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>        bin-tarball:
        (cd ${DISTDIR}; \
        tar cf - . \
        gzip --no-name -9 -c | \
        split -b 240640 - \
        ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.)
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ñ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÌ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ Ë ÑÄÒÕ, ËÏÍÕ ÅÇÏ ÐÏÓÌÁÔØ?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍÕ <ulink URL="../../handbook/contrib.html">ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ</ulink> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ.</para>
  

  
<para>é ÓÐÁÓÉÂÏ ×ÁÍ ÚÁ ×ÁÛÉ ÕÓÉÌÉÑ!</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>        ëÁË ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÀÔÓÑ É ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ISA Plug N Play?
      </para></question><answer>

<para>ïÔ: <ulink URL="mailto:uhclem@nemesis.lonestar.org">æÒÜÎËÁ äÕÒÄÙ IV</ulink> (Frank Durda IV)</para>
  

  
<para>åÓÌÉ ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÎÉÚËÏÍ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ, ÔÏ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
     ÐÏÒÔÏ× ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ, × ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ×ÓÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ
     PnP, ËÏÇÄÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ Ï ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ
     ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×.  ôÁË ÞÔÏ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×
     PnP, ÏÎÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ Ï ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ËÁËÉÈ-ÌÉÂÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× PnP, Á ×ÓÅ
     ÔÁËÉÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ×ÙÄÁÀÔ Ó×ÏÊ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÍÏÄÅÌÉ ÐÒÉ ÞÔÅÎÉÉ ÔÏÇÏ ÖÅ ÐÏÒÔÁ 
     ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔ ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ Ó×ÏÊ
     ÚÁÐÒÏÓ, ÓÏÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÉÚ ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÁÌÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÏÍÅÒÏ× ÍÏÄÅÌÅÊ, 
     ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ ËÁË ``ÄÁ''.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÏÔ×ÅÔÅ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÂÉÔ
     ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ × ÅÄÉÎÉÃÕ.  úÁÔÅÍ ËÏÄ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ
     ``×ÙËÌÀÞÁÔØ'' ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ Ó ID (ÎÁÚÎÁÞÁÅÍÙÍÉ Microsoft/Intel), ÍÅÎØÛÉÍÉ,
      ÞÅÍ X.  ðÏÔÏÍ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÐÏÐÙÔËÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ÏÓÔÁÌÉÓØ ÌÉ ÅÝ£ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ,
     ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÀÝÉÅ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ.  åÓÌÉ ÏÔ×ÅÔ ``<emphasis remap=tt>0</emphasis>'', ÔÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× Ó
     ID, ÂÏÌØÛÉÍÉ ÞÅÍ X, ÎÅÔ.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÐÙÔËÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ
     ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× Ó ÎÏÍÅÒÁÍÉ, ÍÅÎØÛÉÍÉ ÞÅÍ ``X''.  åÓÌÉ ÏÎÉ ÅÓÔØ,
     ÔÏ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ Ó ÎÏÍÅÒÁÍÉ, ÍÅÎØÛÉÍÉ ÞÅÍ X.
     ôÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÍ, ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÞÅÍ X-(limit-4), ÎÁ
     ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ.  úÁÐÒÏÓ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÑÅÔÓÑ. ðÒÉÍÅÎÉ× ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÐÏÌÕÄ×ÏÉÞÎÏÇÏ
     ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÇÒÁÎÉà ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ID ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÚ, ËÏÄ 
     ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÎÁÊÄ£Ô ×ÓÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ PnP, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ × ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
     ÚÁ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÉÔÅÒÁÃÉÊ, ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÍÅÎØÛÅÅ, ÞÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÎÑÔØ ÐÅÒÅÂÏÒ 2^64
     ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÈ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÏ× ID.</para>
  

  
<para>ID ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ Ä×Á 32-ÒÁÚÒÑÄÎÙÅ ÞÉÓÌÁ (×ÓÅÇÏ ÉÈ 2&circ;64)
     + 8 ÂÉÔ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÏÊ ÓÕÍÍÙ.  ðÅÒ×ÙÅ 32 ÂÉÔÁ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÏÍ
     ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÑ.  ïÎÉ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÀÔÓÑ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÂÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ
     ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÔÉÐÙ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ÏÔ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ É ÔÏÇÏ ÖÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÑ ÉÍÅÀÔ
     ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ 32-ÂÉÔÎÙÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÁ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÑ.  
     îÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ × 32 ÒÁÚÒÑÄÁÈ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÑ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ
     ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÚÌÉÛÎÉÍ.</para>
  

  
<para>ïÓÔÁ×ÛÉÅÓÑ 32 ÂÉÔÁ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÓÅÒÉÊÎÙÍ ÎÏÍÅÒÏÍ, ethernet-ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ,
     ÞÅÍ-ÌÉÂÏ, ÄÅÌÁÀÝÉÍ ÜÔÏÔ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÍ.  ðÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
     ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈ ÔÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÂÉÔÏ×,
     ÅÓÌÉ, ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ, Õ ÎÉÈ ÎÅ ÒÁÚÎÙÅ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÙ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÑ.  ôÁËÉÍ
     ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÍÅÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ, ÎÏ Ó
     ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ 64-ÒÁÚÒÑÄÎÙÍÉ ÎÏÍÅÒÁÍÉ.</para>
  

  
<para>çÒÕÐÐÙ ÐÏ 32 ÂÉÔÁ ÎÅ ÂÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÕÌÅ×ÙÍÉ.  üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÒÉ
     ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ OR ÉÈ ÎÏÍÅÒÏ× ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ ÎÅÎÕÌÅ×ÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ×Ï
     ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×.</para>
  

  
<para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÌÁ ID ×ÓÅÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×, ÏÎÁ ÁËÔÉ×ÉÚÉÒÕÅÔ
     ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ, ÐÏ ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÚÁ ÒÁÚ (ÞÅÒÅÚ ÔÅ ÖÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ), É
     ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ, ËÁËÉÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÍÕ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÕ, ËÁËÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÅ
     ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÉÔÄ.  óËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ É ÓÂÏÒ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ
     ÐÏ ×ÓÅÍ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÍ.</para>
  

  
<para>üÔÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÓÏÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ó ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÊÓÑ × ÆÁÊÌÁÈ ECU ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ
     ÉÌÉ × MLB BIOS.  ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ PnP ÉÚ ECU É BIOS ÄÌÑ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÕÒÙ ÎÁ
     MLB ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÓÉÎÔÅÔÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒ, É ÐÅÒÉÆÅÒÉÑ ÎÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ
     ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÏÃÅÄÕÒÕ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÇÏ PnP.  ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ BIOS É
     ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÉÚ ECU, ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
     PnP, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ.</para>
  

  
<para>úÁÔÅÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á PnP ÏÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÅÝ£ ÒÁÚ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÍ ÐÏÒÔÏ×
     ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ, DMA, IRQ É ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÍÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  ôÅÐÅÒØ 
     ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÍÅÔØ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÔÁËÉÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ É ÏÎÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÏÓÔÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ
     ÔÁËÉÍÉ ÄÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÉÇÄÅ ÎÅ ÓËÁÚÁÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÎÅ
     ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÈ ÍÅÎÑÔØ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ.</para>
  

  
<para>úÄÅÓØ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÉÊ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÏÂÝÕÀ ÉÄÅÀ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÌÏ×ÉÔØ.</para>
  

  
<para>Microsoft ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÁ ÄÌÑ PnP ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÓÔÁÔÕÓÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ
     ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÁ, ÐÏ ÉÈ ÌÏÇÉËÅ, ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÈ ÜÔÉ
     ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÄÌÑ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ.  ñ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌ ÏÄÉÎ ÔÁËÏÊ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÁ ÏÔ
     IBM, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÅËÏÄÉÒÕÅÔ ÚÁÐÉÓØ × ÐÏÒÔ ÓÔÁÔÕÓÁ × ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
     ÏÐÒÏÓÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× PnP, ÎÁ ÞÔÏ MS ÏÔ×ÅÔÉÌ ``ÈÕÌÉÇÁÎ''. ôÁË ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ 
     ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÔ ÚÁÐÉÓØ × ÐÏÒÔ ÓÔÁÔÕÓÁ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÁ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×,
     ÐÌÀÓ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÜÔÏÔ ÁÄÒÅÓ + <literal>0x800</literal>, É ÅÝ£ ÏÄÉÎ ÐÏÒÔ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ,
     ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÇÄÅ ÕÇÏÄÎÏ × ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ <literal>0x200</literal> É
     <literal>0x3ff</literal>, ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ FreeBSD ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ, ÏÔÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÏÔ x86?</para></question><answer>

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     ÐÒÏÑ×ÉÌÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÇÒÕÐÐ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×, É ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ ÐÏÐÙÔÏË ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÁ,
     FreeBSD/AXP (ALPHA), ÏËÁÚÁ×ÛÅÊÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÕÄÁÞÎÏÊ, × ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ
     ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ × ×ÉÄÅ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ 3.0 SNAP ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ <ulink
     URL="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/alpha/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/alpha</ulink>.
     üÔÁ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÄÌÑ ALPHA ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×Á£Ô ×Ó£ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÀÝÅÅÓÑ ÞÉÓÌÏ
     ÍÁÛÉÎ ALPHA, × ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÍÏÄÅÌÉ AlphaStation, AXPpci, PC164, Miata É
     Multia.  îÅÌØÚÑ ÓËÁÚÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ, ÏÎ É ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÌÎÙÍ,
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     ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÄÅÌÁÎ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ CDROM, ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÝÉÊ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï
     ÒÁÂÏÞÉÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ× É ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ.  FreeBSD/AXP ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÓÔÁÄÉÉ
     BETA.  þÔÏÂÙ ÂÙÔØ × ËÕÒÓÅ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÊ, ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÐÏÒÔÏÍ,
     ÐÏÄÐÉÛÉÔÅÓØ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ
     <email>freebsd-alpha@FreeBSD.org</email><link linkend="mailing">ÓÐÉÓÏË
     ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ</link>.</para>
 
<para>ôÁËÖÅ ÂÙÌ ÐÒÏÑ×ÌÅÎ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓ Ë ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÕ FreeBSD ÎÁ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÕ SPARC.  åÓÌÉ
     ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÒÏÅËÔÕ, ÐÏÄÐÉÛÉÔÅÓØ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ
     <email>freebsd-sparc@FreeBSD.org</email> <link linkend="mailing">ÓÐÉÓÏË
     ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ</link>.  äÌÑ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÅÎÉÅ ÏÂÝÉÈ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ×, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÈÓÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
     ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ, ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ <link linkend="mailing">ÓÐÉÓÏË
     ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ</link> <email>freebsd-platforms@FreeBSD.org</email>.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>         íÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÔÁÒÛÅÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÍÎÏÀ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á.
      </para></question><answer>

<para>÷Ó£ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÅ ×Ù ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ
     ÏÂÝÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÔ.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÔÁË, ÔÏ, ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÐÏÛÌÉÔÅ ÎÁÍ
     ËÏÐÉÀ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍÉ
     ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑÍÉ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <emphasis remap=tt>files.i386</emphasis>, ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
     × ÆÁÊÌÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ É ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ËÏÄ
     <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?MAKEDEV">MAKEDEV</ulink> ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
     ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ×ÁÛÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË. ÉÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
     ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ, ÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÁÒÛÅÇÏ ÞÉÓÌÁ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌØÎÏÇÏ
     ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á É ÓÔÁÒÛÅÇÏ ÞÉÓÌÁ ÂÌÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÄÌÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÃÅÌÅÊ ÂÙÌÉ
     ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ 32 É 8 ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÉÈ.  ÷
     ÌÀÂÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ.  ÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÒÁÄÙ ÕÓÌÙÛÁÔØ Ï ×ÁÛÅÍ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÅ × ÓÐÉÓËÅ
     ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ <email>freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.org</email>.</para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>áÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×</para></question><answer>

<para>÷ ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ Ï ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÍÅÔÏÄÁÈ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ× ÍÏÇÕ
     ÓËÁÚÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÁÑ × ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ÓÈÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÐÒÅÔÅÒÐÅÌÁ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ
     Ó 1983 ÇÏÄÁ.  üÔÉ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ ÂÙÌÉ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÏÊ
     ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FFS, Ñ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÉÈ ÎÅ ÐÅÒÅÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÌ.  üÔÁ ÓÈÅÍÁ
     ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÑ ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ÐÅÒÅÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÇÒÕÐÐ ÄÏÒÏÖÅË.
     ëÁË ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ×ÁÓ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÌÉ, ÏÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÐÌÏÈÏ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÉÓËÅ.  
     âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÁÒÈÉ×Ï×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÙÌÉ
     ÓÏÚÄÁÎÙ Ó ÇÌÕÂÉÎÏÊ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÉÓËÁ (aka ftw). üÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ
     ÉÈ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÇÒÕÐÐÁÈ ÄÏÒÏÖÅË, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÑ
     ÎÁÉÈÕÄÛÉÊ ÓÌÕÞÁÊ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÇÌÕÂÉÎÏÊ ÏÄÉÎ.  åÓÌÉ ÂÙ
     ÂÙÌÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ ÏÂÝÅÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÙ,
     ÂÙÈÏÄÏÍ ÂÙÌÏ ÂÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ (ÏÂÝÅÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï / ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÇÒÕÐÐ ÄÏÒÏÖÅË)
     ÎÁ ÄÏÒÏÖËÕ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÏÍ.  ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÉÓÔÏ
     Ü×ÒÉÓÔÉÞÅÓËÉ.  äÁÖÅ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÏÇÏ ÆÉËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÁ,
     ÓËÁÖÅÍ 10, ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÕÌÕÞÛÁÅÔ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÀ.  þÔÏÂÙ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÁÔØ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ
     ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÔ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ (ÇÄÅ ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ),
     ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ × ËÌÁÓÔÅÒÙ ÏÂߣÍÏÍ ÄÏ 10, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÉ
     ÄÅÌÁÀÔÓÑ × ÏËÎÅ, ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ 10 ÓÅËÕÎÄÁÍ.  ÷Ï ×ÓÑËÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, Ñ ÄÕÍÁÀ, ÞÔÏ
     ÜÔÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÜËÓÐÅÒÉÍÅÎÔÏ×.</para>
  
<para>ëÉÒË íÁËëÕÚÉË (Kirk McKusick), óÅÎÔÑÂÒØ 1998</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>þÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÐÒÉ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÍ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÁÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</para></question><answer>

<para><emphasis>[üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÂÙÌ ×ÙÒÅÚÁÎ ÉÚ ÐÉÓØÍÁ, ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÏÇÏ <ulink
     URL="mailto:wpaul@FreeBSD.org">âÉÌÌÏÍ ðÏÌÏÍ</ulink> (Bill Paul)
     × <link linkend="mailing">ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ</link> freebsd-current <ulink
     URL="mailto:des@FreeBSD.org">äÜÇÏÍ-üÌÉÎÇÏÍ ëÏÉÄÁÎÏÍ óÍ£ÇÒÁ×ÏÍ</ulink>
     (Dag-Erling Co&iuml;dan Sm&oslash;rgrav), ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÌ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
     ÏÐÅÞÁÔÏË É ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÌ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÉ × Ë×ÁÄÒÁÔÎÙÈ ÓËÏÂËÁÈ]</emphasis></para>
 
<para>     
<literallayout>From: Bill Paul &lt;wpaul@skynet.ctr.columbia.edu&gt;
Subject: Re: the fs fun never stops
To: ben@rosengart.com
Date: Sun, 20 Sep 1998 15:22:50 -0400 (EDT)
Cc: current@FreeBSD.org
      </literallayout>
</para>
 
<para>     <emphasis>[&lt;ben@rosengart.com&gt; ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÌ ÐÉÓØÍÏ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ
     Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ]</emphasis>
     
<literallayout>&gt; Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode
&gt; fault virtual address   = 0x40
&gt; fault code              = supervisor read, page not present
&gt; instruction pointer     = 0x8:0xf014a7e5
                                ^^^^^^^^^^
&gt; stack pointer           = 0x10:0xf4ed6f24
&gt; frame pointer           = 0x10:0xf4ed6f28
&gt; code segment            = base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b
&gt;                         = DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1
&gt; processor eflags        = interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0
&gt; current process         = 80 (mount)
&gt; interrupt mask          =
&gt; trap number             = 12
&gt; panic: page fault
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>[åÓÌÉ] ×Ù Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÔÁËÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÅÇÏ ×ÏÓÐÒÏÉÚ×ÅÓÔÉ É
     ÐÏÓÌÁÔØ ÎÁÍ ÎÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ.  õËÁÚÁÔÅÌØ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ, ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÍÎÏÀ,
     ×ÁÖÅÎ, Ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÅÇÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ.
     äÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ, ÅÇÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ
     ÑÄÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ GENERIC
     ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÏ×, ÔÏ ËÔÏ-ÔÏ ÅÝ£ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔÓÌÅÄÉÔØ ÆÕÎËÃÉÀ, ×ÙÚ×Á×ÛÕÀ
     ÏÛÉÂËÕ, ÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔÅ ÓÏ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÏÔËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ ÑÄÒÏÍ,
     ÔÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ <emphasis>×Ù</emphasis> ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓËÁÚÁÔØ ÎÁÍ, ÇÄÅ ÓÌÕÞÉÌÁÓØ ÏÛÉÂËÁ.</para>
  

  
<para>÷ÏÔ ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ:</para>
  
<para>     
<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>úÁÐÉÛÉÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ.  úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ
       ÞÁÓÔØ <literal>0x8:</literal> × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÅ ×ÁÖÎÁ: ÎÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÁ ÞÁÓÔØ
       <literal>0xf0xxxxxx</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>

<listitem>
<para>ëÏÇÄÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÓÑ, ÓÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:
  
<literallayout>% nm /kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxxx
          </literallayout>
	  
       ÇÄÅ  <literal>f0xxxxxx</literal> - ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ
       ÎÅÐÒÉÑÔÎÏÓÔØ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÔÏÞÎÏÇÏ
       ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ, ÔÁË ËÁË × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÉÍÅÎ ÑÄÒÁ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÞÅË ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ
       ÄÁÎÙ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÎÁ ÎÁÞÁÌÏ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ, Á ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌØ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ
       ËÕÄÁ-ÔÏ ×ÎÕÔÒØ Å£ ÔÅÌÁ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌÉ ÔÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ,
       ÏÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÀÀ ÃÉÆÒÕ × ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÉ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ É ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ
       ÓÎÏ×Á, ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ:
  
<literallayout>% nm /kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxx
	  </literallayout>

       åÓÌÉ É ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÌÏ ÎÉ Ë ËÁËÉÍ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÁÍ, ÏÔÒÅÖØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
       ÃÉÆÒÕ.  ðÏ×ÔÏÒÑÊÔÅ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÈÏÔØ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ.  òÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÏÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ
       ÓÐÉÓÏË ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÐÒÉ×ÅÌÉ Ë Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÍÕ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Õ.
       üÔÏÔ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÏÛÉÂÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÎÅÔÏÞÅÎ, ÎÏ ÜÔÏ
       ×Ó£ ÖÅ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÞÅÍ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ. 
     </para>
</listitem>

</itemizedlist>
</para>
 
<para>úÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÌÀÄÉ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÔ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ, ÎÁ ÒÅÄËÏ ËÔÏ
  ÕÔÒÕÖÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÓÔ×ÉÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ Ó ÆÕÎËÃÉÅÊ ×
  ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
 
<para>ìÕÞÛÉÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÕ, ×ÙÚ×Á×ÛÕÀ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÊ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
  ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍÐÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
  <command>gdb(1)</command> ÄÌÑ ÔÒÁÓÓÉÒÏ×ËÉ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï×.  ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ÜÔÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ
  ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÓÔÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ <command>gdb(1)</command> Ó -CURRENT, ÞÔÏ Ñ ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
  ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕ (ÐÏÍÎÉÔÓÑ, ËÔÏ-ÔÏ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÌ, ÞÔÏ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ELF <command>gdb(1)</command>
  ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÍÉ ÄÁÍÐÁÍÉ ÑÄÒÁ: ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÜÔÏ ÄÏ
  ×ÙÈÏÄÁ 3.0, ÉÎÁÞÅ ÎÅ ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ËÒÁÓËÉ ÓÔÙÄÁ ÎÁ ÎÁÛÉÈ ÌÉÃÁÈ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁ
  CD).</para>
 
<para>÷Ï ×ÓÑËÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ Ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀ ÔÁËÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ:</para>
  
<para>     
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>ïÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÑÄÒÁ, ÄÏÂÁ×É× ÓÔÒÏËÕ
        'options DDB', ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÚÁÞÅÍ-ÔÏ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÌÓÑ ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÊ ÏÔÌÁÄÞÉË.
        (ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀ ÅÇÏ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÔÏÞÅË ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Á, ÅÓÌÉ
        ÐÏÄÏÚÒÅ×ÁÀ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÅ ÂÅÓËÏÎÅÞÎÙÈ ÃÉËÌÏ×.)</para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para>÷ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ <command>config -g KERNELCONFIG</command> ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ
        ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><command>cd /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG; make</command></para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para>äÏÖÄÉÔÅÓØ ÏËÏÎÞÁÎÉÑ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><command>make install</command></para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para>reboot</para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
</para>
 
<para>÷ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.make.1; ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ Ä×Á ÑÄÒÁ,
  <filename>kernel</filename> É <filename>kernel.debug</filename>.
  <filename>kernel</filename> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ËÁË
  <filename>/kernel</filename>, ÔÏÇÄÁ ËÁË <filename>kernel.debug</filename>
  ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÄÌÑ
  gdb(1).</para>
 
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÓÂÒÏÓ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍÐÁ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ
  <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÔÁË, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
  <emphasis remap=tt>dumpdev</emphasis> ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÌÏ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ
  ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ <command>rc(8)</command> ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
  <command>dumpon(8)</command> ÄÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÈ ÄÁÍÐÏ×.  ÷Ù
  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>dumpon(8)</command> ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ.  ðÏÓÌÅ
  Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÊ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÊ ÄÁÍÐ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
  <command>savecore(8)</command>; ÅÓÌÉ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
  <emphasis remap=tt>dumpdev</emphasis> ÂÙÌÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ ×
  <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ <command>rc(8)</command> ÚÁÐÕÓÔÑÔ
  <command>savecore(8)</command> Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ É ÐÏÍÅÓÔÑÔ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÊ ÄÁÍÐ ×
  ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/var/crash</filename>.</para>
 
<para>úáíåþáîéå: Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÅ ÄÁÍÐÙ FreeBSD ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ, ÒÁ×ÎÙÊ
  ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÍÕ ÏÂߣÍÕ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.  ôÁË ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ 64íâ
  ïúõ, ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÄÁÍÐ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ 64íâ.  ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ
  × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/var/crash</filename> ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ
  ÄÁÍÐÁ.  ìÉÂÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ <command>savecore(8)</command>
  É ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÊ ÄÁÍÐ × ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ, ÇÄÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ.  òÁÚÍÅÒ
  Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍÐÁ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ, ÕËÁÚÁ× × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ
  <literal>options MAXMEM=(ÒÁÚÍÅÒ)</literal> ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÏÂߣÍÁ
  ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÑÄÒÏÍ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ
  128 íâ ïúõ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄÒÏÍ 16 ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÁÍÉ,
  ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍÐÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁ×ÅÎ 16íâ, Á ÎÅ 128.</para>
 
<para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌÉ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÊ ÄÁÍÐ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÔÒÁÓÓÉÒÏ×ËÕ
  ×ÙÚÏ×Ï× Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ <command>gdb(1)</command> ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>
 
<para>     
<literallayout>% gdb -k /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG/kernel.debug /var/crash/vmcore.0
(gdb) where
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÜËÒÁÎÏ×
     ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ; × ÉÄÅÁÌÅ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <command>script(1)</command> ÄÌÑ ÉÈ
     ÐÅÒÅÈ×ÁÔÁ.  ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÎÅÏÂÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÒÁÚÁ ÑÄÒÁ ÓÏ ×ÓÅÊ
     ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ
     ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÑÄÒÁ, ÐÒÉ ÄÏÓÔÉÖÅÎÉÉ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÓÌÕÞÉÌÁÓØ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÁÑ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ.
     äÌÑ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÊ, ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÛÉÈ Ë Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÍÕ
     ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Õ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÒÁÓÓÉÒÏ×ËÁ ÓÔÅËÁ ÓÎÉÚÕ ××ÅÒÈ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
     ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <command>gdb(1)</command> ÄÌÑ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ
     ÉÌÉ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ Á×ÁÒÉÉ. </para>
  

  
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù × ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÄÕÛÅ×ÎÏÂÏÌØÎÏÊ É Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ
     ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ, ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ <command>gdb(1)</command> ÄÌÑ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ, ÔÁË,
     ÞÔÏ ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <command>gdb(1)</command> ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
     ÏÔÌÁÄÉÔØ ÑÄÒÏ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÍ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÏÞÅË ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Á,
     ÐÏÛÁÇÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÁ ÐÏ ËÏÄÕ ÑÄÒÁ, ×Ó£ ËÁË Ó ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÐÒÉËÌÁÄÎÏÊ
     ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ.  ñ ÐÏËÁ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÎÅ ÉÇÒÁÌÓÑ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÎÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÍÅÀ
     ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ Ä×Å ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÏÄÎÕ ÎÁÐÒÏÔÉ× ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ.</para>
 
<para><emphasis>[âÉÌÌ (Bill) ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÌ: "ñ ÚÁÂÙÌ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØ ×ÁÛÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
     ÎÁ ÏÄÎÕ ×ÅÝØ: ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ DDB É ÑÄÒÏ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔ
     × ÒÅÖÉÍ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÍÅÒÅÎÎÏ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÊ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ× 
     (É ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍÐÁ), ÎÁÂÒÁ× 'panic' × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ
     ddb.  üÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÎÏ×Á ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÏÔÌÁÄÞÉË.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
     ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ 'continue' É ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁ×ÅÒۣΠÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅÍ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÇÏ
     ÄÁÍÐÁ." -ed]</emphasis></para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>ðÅÒÅÓÔÁÌÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÆÕÎËÃÉÑ dlsym() ÄÌÑ ELF!</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ Ó ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏÍ ELF ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÅ ×
     ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÍÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ, ÎÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÍÕ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÕ.  ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ
     ÐÒÉ ×ÙÚÏ×Å ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ <function>dlsym()</function>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÉÓË ÐÏ
     ÄÅÓËÒÉÐÔÏÒÕ, ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÚÏ×Á <emphasis remap=tt>dlopen(NULL, flags)</emphasis>,
     ÖÅÌÁÅÍÙÊ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÕÔ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ.</para>
 
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÉÓË × ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÍÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ Ó
     ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ <function>dlsym()</function>, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ËÏÍÐÏÎÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÍÙÊ
     ÆÁÊÌ Ó ÏÐÃÉÅÊ <option>-export-dynamic</option> <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ld">ËÏÍÐÏÎÏ×ÝÉËÁ ELF</ulink>.</para>
 
</answer></qandaentry>

<qandaentry><question>
<para>õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÅ É ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÑÄÒÁ</para></question><answer>

<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÑÄÒÁ ÒÁ×ÅÎ 256 íâ ×Ï
     FreeBSD 3.x É 1 çâ ×Ï FreeBSD 4.x.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ FreeBSD
     × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ Ó ÉÎÔÅÎÓÉ×ÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÏÊ (ÓËÁÖÅÍ,
     ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ FTP ÉÌÉ HTTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ), ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ 256 íâ
     ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ.</para>
  

  
<para>ëÁËÉÍ ÖÅ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï? úÄÅÓØ
     ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ.  ÷Ï-ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÑÄÒÕ ×ÙÄÅÌÉÔØ
     ÂÏÌØÛÅÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÄÌÑ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ.  ÷Ï-×ÔÏÒÙÈ,
     ÔÁË ËÁË ÑÄÒÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ × ×ÅÒÈÎÀÀ ÞÁÓÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á, ×ÁÍ
     ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎ ÎÅ ×ÙÛÅÌ ÚÁ ×ÅÒÈÎÀÀ
     ÇÒÁÎÉÃÕ. </para>
  

  
<para>ðÅÒ×ÁÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÒÅÛÁÅÔÓÑ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ËÏÎÓÔÁÎÔÙ
     <acronym>NKPDE</acronym> × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>src/sys/i386/include/pmap.h</filename>.  ÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ 1
     çâ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÏÎ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>#ifndef NKPDE
#ifdef SMP
#define NKPDE                   254     /* addressable number of page tables/pde's */
#else
#define NKPDE                   255     /* addressable number of page tables/pde's */
#endif  /* SMP */
#endif
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>äÌÑ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÑ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ <acronym>NKPDE</acronym> ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔÅ ÖÅÌÁÅÍÙÊ ÏÂߣÍ
     ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á (× ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÁÈ) ÎÁ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ É ×ÙÞÔÉÔÅ ÉÚ 
     ÐÏÌÕÞÉ×ÛÅÇÏÓÑ ÞÉÓÌÁ ÅÄÉÎÉÞËÕ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÏÄÎÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ É
     Ä×ÏÅÞËÕ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
  

  
<para>äÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÉÖÅÎÉÑ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÃÅÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ
     ÑÄÒÁ: ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÏÔÎÉÍÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á (× ÂÁÊÔÁÈ) ÏÔ
     0x100100000; ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ 0xc0100000 ÄÌÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á
     × 1 çâ.  õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ËÏÎÓÔÁÎÔÙ <symbol>LOAD_ADDRESS</symbol>
     × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>src/sys/i386/conf/Makefile.i386</filename> × ÜÔÏ
     ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ; ÚÁÔÅÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÞ£ÔÞÉËÁ × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÓÅËÃÉÊ ×
     ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>src/sys/i386/conf/kernel.script</filename> × ÔÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÅ
     ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ ÚÄÅÓØ:</para>
  
<para>     
<literallayout>OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-i386", "elf32-i386", "elf32-i386")
OUTPUT_ARCH(i386)
ENTRY(btext)
SEARCH_DIR(/usr/lib); SEARCH_DIR(/usr/obj/elf/home/src/tmp/usr/i386-unknown-freebsdelf/lib);
SECTIONS
{
  /* Read-only sections, merged into text segment: */
  . = 0xc0100000 + SIZEOF_HEADERS;
  .interp     : { *(.interp)    }
      </literallayout>
</para>
  

  
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÅÒÅËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÕÊÔÅ É ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
     ÓÔÏÌËÎÕÔØÓÑ Ó ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍÉ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ <command>ps(1)</command>, <command>top(1)</command>
     É ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ ÉÍ; ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÉÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ <emphasis remap=tt>make world</emphasis> (ÉÌÉ ÒÕÞÎÁÑ
     ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ <emphasis remap=tt>libkvm</emphasis>, <emphasis remap=tt>ps</emphasis> É <emphasis remap=tt>top</emphasis> ÐÏÓÌÅ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
     ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ <filename>pmap.h</filename> × <filename>/usr/include/vm/)</filename>.</para>
 
<para>úáíåþáîéå: òÁÚÍÅÒ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÑÄÒÁ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ
     ËÒÁÔÅÎ ÞÅÔÙÒ£Í ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÁÍ.</para>
 
<para>[<ulink URL="mailto:dg@FreeBSD.org">äÜ×ÉÄ çÒÉÎÍÜÎ</ulink>
     (David Greenman) ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÌ: <emphasis> ñ ÄÕÍÁÀ, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ
     ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÑÄÒÁ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÓÔÅÐÅÎØÀ Ä×ÏÊËÉ, ÎÏ Ñ × ÜÔÏÍ ÎÅ Õ×ÅÒÅÎ.
     äÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ×ÅÒÈÎÉÍÉ ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍÉ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÓÑ ËÏÄ ÓÔÁÒÏÇÏ
     ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ, É Ñ ÏÖÉÄÁÀ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ ÔÏÞÎÏÓÔØ × 256 íâ.]</emphasis></para>
  

  
</answer></qandaentry></qandaset>
</chapter>


<chapter
id="acknowledgments">
<title>îÁÛÉ ÂÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÎÏÓÔÉ</title>

<para>   
<literallayout>      åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌÉ ÎÅÔÏÞÎÏÓÔÉ × ÜÔÏÍ FAQ ÉÌÉ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ × ÎÅÇÏ
      ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ, ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÎÁÐÉÛÉÔÅ ÎÁÍ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ &lt;FAQ@FreeBSD.org&gt;.
      íÙ ÖÄ£Í ×ÁÛÉ ÏÔÚÙ×Ù É ÐÏÖÅÌÁÎÉÑ, ÞÔÏÂÙ Ó ×ÁÛÅÊ ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ
      ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ÅÝ£ ÌÕÞÛÅ!


                                          FreeBSD Core Team
    </literallayout>
</para>
  
<para>   
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term>Jordan Hubbard</term>
<listitem>
<para>òÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÕÐÏÒÑÄÏÞÅÎÉÑ É ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ × FAQ.</para>
  

  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>Doug White</term>

<listitem>
<para>òÁÂÏÔÁ ÓÏ ÓÐÉÓËÏÍ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ freebsd-questions</para>
  

  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>Joerg Wunsch</term>

<listitem>
<para>òÁÂÏÔÁ Ó ÔÅÌÅËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÑÍÉ Usenet</para>
  

  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>Garrett Wollman</term>

<listitem>
<para>òÁÚÄÅÌ Ï ÓÅÔÉ É ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</para>
  

  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>Jim Lowe</term>

<listitem>
<para>éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÅ ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ</para>
  

  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>Peter da Silva</term>

<listitem>
<para>òÁÂ-ÎÁÂÏÒÝÉË</para>
  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>Andrey Zakhvatov</term>

<listitem>
<para>ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ ÎÁ ÒÕÓÓËÉÊ ÑÚÙË</para>
  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>The FreeBSD Team</term>

<listitem>
<para>ïÈÉ, ×ÚÄÏÈÉ, ÓÔÏÎÙ, ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
   </para>
  
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
  
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</chapter>
</book>