path: root/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
<!--
     The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project

     $FreeBSD$
     $FreeBSDru: frdp/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml,v 1.123 2006/06/20 18:02:31 marck Exp $

     Original revision: r28135
-->

<chapter id="advanced-networking">
  <chapterinfo>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>áÎÄÒÅÊ</firstname>
	<surname>úÁÈ×ÁÔÏ×</surname>
	<contrib>ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ ÎÁ ÒÕÓÓËÉÊ ÑÚÙË: </contrib>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
  </chapterinfo>
  <title>óÌÏÖÎÙÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ × ÓÅÔÉ</title>

  <sect1 id="advanced-networking-synopsis">
    <title>ëÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÂÚÏÒ</title>

    <para>üÔÁ ÇÌÁ×Á ÏÈ×ÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÔÅÍÁÔÉË
      ÐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÌÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>

    <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÚÎÁÔØ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ïÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÐÏÎÑÔÉÑ Ï ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ É ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁÈ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ IEEE 802.11 É &bluetooth;.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ FreeBSD ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ
	  ÍÏÓÔÁ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÔÒÁÎÓÌÑÃÉÀ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØ Ä×Á ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ PLIP.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ IPv6 ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ FreeBSD.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ATM.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÞÔÅÎÉÅÍ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ðÏÎÉÍÁÔØ ÏÓÎÏ×Ù ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×
	  <filename>/etc/rc</filename>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏ ×ÌÁÄÅÔØ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÍÉ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>úÎÁÔØ ËÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ É ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ FreeBSD
	  (<xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
      <para>úÎÁÔØ ËÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ
	ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÈ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×
	(<xref linkend="ports"/>).</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-routing">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Coranth</firstname>
	  <surname>Gryphon</surname>
	  <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÛÌÀÚÙ É ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ</title>

    <indexterm><primary>ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÑ</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm><primary>ÛÌÀÚ</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm><primary>ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ</primary></indexterm>
    <para>þÔÏÂÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÍÏÇÌÁ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÓÅÔÉ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ, ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØÓÑ
      ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÄÏÂÒÁÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ Ë ÄÒÕÇÏÊ.  ôÁËÏÊ
      ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <firstterm>ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÅÊ</firstterm>.
      <quote>íÁÒÛÒÕÔ</quote> ÚÁÄÁ£ÔÓÑ
      ÐÁÒÏÊ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×: <quote>ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ</quote> (destination) É
      <quote>ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÛÌÀÚÏÍ</quote> (gateway).  üÔÁ ÐÁÒÁ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ
      ÅÓÌÉ ÷Ù ÐÙÔÁÅÔÅÓØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØÓÑ Ó <emphasis>ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ</emphasis>,
      ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ Ó×ÑÚØ ÞÅÒÅÚ <quote>ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÛÌÀÚ</quote>.
      óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÔÉÐÁ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ: ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ ÈÏÓÔÙ, ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ É
      <quote>ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ</quote> (default).  <quote>íÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ
      ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ</quote> (default route) ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ÎÉ ÏÄÉÎ
      ÉÚ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ×.  íÙ ÐÏÇÏ×ÏÒÉÍ ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÅÅ Ï ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁÈ ÐÏ
      ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÏÚÖÅ.  ôÁËÖÅ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ É ÔÒÉ ÔÉÐÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÛÌÀÚÏ×: ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ
      ÈÏÓÔÙ, ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ (ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ <quote>ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ</quote>
      (links)) É ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ Ethernet (MAC-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ).</para>

    <sect2>
      <title>ðÒÉÍÅÒ</title>

      <para>äÌÑ ÉÌÌÀÓÔÒÁÃÉÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÁÓÐÅËÔÏ× ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
	<command>netstat</command>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>netstat -r</userinput>
Routing tables

Destination      Gateway            Flags     Refs     Use     Netif Expire

default 	 outside-gw	    UGSc       37      418	ppp0
localhost	 localhost	    UH		0      181	 lo0
test0		 0:e0:b5:36:cf:4f   UHLW	5    63288	 ed0	 77
10.20.30.255	 link#1 	    UHLW	1     2421
example.com	 link#1 	    UC		0	 0
host1		 0:e0:a8:37:8:1e    UHLW	3     4601	 lo0
host2		 0:e0:a8:37:8:1e    UHLW	0	 5	 lo0 =>
host2.example.com link#1 	    UC		0	 0
224		 link#1 	    UC		0	 0</screen>

      <indexterm><primary>ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ</primary></indexterm>

      <para>÷ ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ Ä×ÕÈ ÓÔÒÏËÁÈ ÚÁÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ (ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
	ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎ × <link linkend="network-routing-default">ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ
	ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ</link>) É ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÎÁ <hostid>localhost</hostid>.</para>

      <indexterm><primary>ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï loopback</primary></indexterm>
      <para>éÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ (ËÏÌÏÎËÁ <literal>Netif</literal>), ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÕËÁÚÁÎ ×
	ÜÔÏÊ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ× ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó
	<literal>localhost</literal> É ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎ
	<devicename>lo0</devicename>, ÉÍÅÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÔÏÒÏÅ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
	loopback.  üÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÉÔ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ
	ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ, ÂÅÚ ÐÏÓÙÌËÉ ÅÇÏ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎ ×ÓÅ ÒÁ×ÎÏ
	ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎ ÔÕÄÁ, ÇÄÅ ÂÙÌ ÓÏÚÄÁÎ.</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>Ethernet</primary>
	<secondary>MAC ÁÄÒÅÓ</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍÉ ×ÙÄÅÌÑÀÝÉÍÉÓÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍÉ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ Ó
	<hostid role="mac">0:e0:...</hostid>.   üÔÏ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ Ethernet,
	ÉÌÉ MAC-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ.  FreeBSD ÂÕÄÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ×ÁÔØ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÈÏÓÔ
	(× ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÜÔÏ <hostid>test0</hostid>) × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ Ethernet
	É ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ, ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÝÉÊ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÎÁ
	ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ Ethernet, <devicename>ed0</devicename>.  ó ÜÔÉÍ ÔÉÐÏÍ
	ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó×ÑÚÁÎ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÔÁÊÍÁÕÔÁ (ËÏÌÏÎËÁ
	<literal>Expire</literal>), ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÅÕÄÁÞÎÏÊ ÐÏÐÙÔËÉ
	ÕÓÌÙÛÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÈÏÓÔ × ÔÅÞÅÎÉÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÐÅÒÉÏÄÁ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.  åÓÌÉ ÔÁËÏÅ
	ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ, ÔÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÄÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÕÄÁÌ£Î.
	ôÁËÉÅ ÈÏÓÔÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ
	ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ, ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÇÏ ËÁË RIP (Routing Information
	Protocol), ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÑÅÔ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ Ë ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÒÉ
	ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ËÒÁÔÞÁÊÛÅÇÏ ÒÁÓÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ.</para>

      <indexterm><primary>ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ</primary></indexterm>
      <para>FreeBSD ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÓÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ Ë ÐÏÄÓÅÔÑÍ ÄÌÑ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÈ
	ÐÏÄÓÅÔÅÊ (<hostid role="ipaddr">10.20.30.255</hostid> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	ÛÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍ ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ <hostid
	role="ipaddr">10.20.30</hostid>, Á ÉÍÑ <hostid
	role="domainname">example.com</hostid> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÍ
	Ó ÜÔÏÊ ÐÏÄÓÅÔØÀ).  îÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <literal>link#1</literal> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
	ÐÅÒ×ÏÍÕ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÕ Ethernet × ÍÁÛÉÎÅ.  ïÔÍÅÔØÔÅ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÅ
	ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÓÔÒÏË.</para>

      <para>÷ ÏÂÅÉÈ ÜÔÉÈ ÇÒÕÐÐÁÈ (ÈÏÓÔÙ É ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ) ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ
	ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
	<application>routed</application>.  åÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ, ÔÏ ÂÕÄÕÔ
	ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÅ (ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ××ÅÄÅÎÎÙÅ Ñ×ÎÏ)
	ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ.</para>

      <para>óÔÒÏËÁ <literal>host1</literal> ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ÎÁÛÅÍÕ ÈÏÓÔÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
	ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÅÎ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ Ethernet.  ôÁË ËÁË ÍÙ Ñ×ÌÑÅÍÓÑ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÀÝÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÏÍ,
	FreeBSD ÚÎÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ loopback-ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ
	(<devicename>lo0</devicename>) ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØ
	ÐÏÓÙÌËÕ × ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ Ethernet.</para>

      <para>ä×Å ÓÔÒÏËÉ <literal>host2</literal> Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÏÍ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ
	ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÁÌÉÁÓÏ× × ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ &man.ifconfig.8;
	(ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ Ï Ethernet ÄÌÑ ÏÂßÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÏÞÅÍÕ ÍÙ ÜÔÏ
	ÄÅÌÁÅÍ).  óÉÍ×ÏÌ <literal>=&gt;</literal> ÐÏÓÌÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ
	<devicename>lo0</devicename> ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÍÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ ÎÅ
	ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ loopback (ÔÁË ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÀÝÉÊ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ
	ÈÏÓÔ), ÎÏ Ë ÔÏÍÕ ÖÅ ÜÔÏ ÁÌÉÁÓ.  ôÁËÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ
	ÎÁ ÈÏÓÔÅ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÅÍ ÁÌÉÁÓÙ; ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÈ ÈÏÓÔÏ× × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ
	ÓÅÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÔÁËÉÈ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ× ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÙ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÓÔÒÏÞËÉ
	<literal>link#1</literal>.</para>

      <para>ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ÓÔÒÏÞËÁ (ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ <hostid
	role="ipaddr">224</hostid>) ÉÍÅÅÔ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÅ Ë ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÊ ÐÏÓÙÌËÅ,
	ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÁ × ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ.</para>

      <para>é ÎÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÁÔÒÉÂÕÔÙ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÑÀÔÓÑ ×
	ËÏÌÏÎËÅ <literal>Flags</literal>.  îÉÖÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ËÒÁÔËÁÑ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ
	ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÌÁÇÏ× É ÉÈ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ:</para>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	<tgroup cols="2">
	  <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
	  <colspec colwidth="4*"/>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>U</entry>
	      <entry>Up: íÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÁËÔÕÁÌÅÎ.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>H</entry>
	      <entry>Host: áÄÒÅÓÏÍ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>G</entry>
	      <entry>Gateway: ðÏÓÙÌÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ
		ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÕÀ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÁÍÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔØ
		ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÉÊ ÐÕÔØ ÐÒÏÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>S</entry>
	      <entry>Static: íÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÂÙÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ, Á ÎÅ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
		ÓÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>C</entry>
	      <entry>Clone: îÏ×ÙÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÓÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÌÑ
		ÍÁÛÉÎ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÍÙ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÙ.  ôÁËÏÊ ÔÉÐ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
		ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÅÊ.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>W</entry>
	      <entry>WasCloned: õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÂÙÌ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
		ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ
		ÓÅÔÉ (Clone).</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>L</entry>
	      <entry>Link: íÁÒÛÒÕÔ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÓÓÙÌËÕ ÎÁ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ
		Ethernet.</entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-routing-default">
      <title>íÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ</title>

      <indexterm><primary>ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ</primary></indexterm>
      <para>ëÏÇÄÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÍ
	ÈÏÓÔÏÍ, ÏÎÁ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ× ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ,
	ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÌÉ ÔÁËÏÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ.  åÓÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ ÐÏÐÁÄÁÅÔ × ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ,
	ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÅÎ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÅÅ ÄÏÓÔÉÖÅÎÉÑ (ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ ÔÉÐÁ Cloned), ÔÏ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÎÅÊ ÐÏ ÜÔÏÍÕ
	ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÕ.</para>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×ÓÅ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ, Õ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ
	ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ: ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ <quote>default</quote>.  üÔÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ
	Ó ÏÓÏÂÙÍ ÔÉÐÏÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÛÌÀÚÁ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ, ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ
	× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ), É × ÐÏÌÅ ÆÌÁÇÏ× ÏÎ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÐÏÍÅÞÅÎ ËÁË <literal>c</literal>.
	äÌÑ ÈÏÓÔÏ× × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÛÌÀÚ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ,
	ÉÍÅÀÝÕÀ ÐÒÑÍÏÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë ×ÎÅÛÎÅÍÕ ÍÉÒÕ (ÎÅ×ÁÖÎÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÌÉ
	Ó×ÑÚØ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ PPP, ËÁÎÁÌ DSL, ËÁÂÅÌØÎÙÊ ÍÏÄÅÍ, T1 ÉÌÉ ËÁËÏÊ-ÔÏ
	ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ).</para>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÓÁÍÁ
	Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÛÌÀÚÏÍ ×Ï ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÍÉÒ, ÔÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
	ÂÕÄÅÔ Ñ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÛÌÀÚ Õ ÷ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ (ISP).</para>

      <para>äÁ×ÁÊÔÅ ×ÚÇÌÑÎÅÍ ÎÁ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ× ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.  ÷ÏÔ ÔÉÐÉÞÎÁÑ
	ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ:</para>

      <mediaobject>
	<imageobject>
	  <imagedata fileref="advanced-networking/net-routing"/>
	</imageobject>

	<textobject>
	  <literallayout class="monospaced">
[Local2]  &lt;--ether--&gt;  [Local1]  &lt;--PPP--&gt; [ISP-Serv]  &lt;--ether--&gt;  [T1-GW]
	  </literallayout>
	</textobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>èÏÓÔÙ <hostid>Local1</hostid> É <hostid>Local2</hostid> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ×
	ÎÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ.  <hostid>Local1</hostid> ÐÏÄËÌÀÞ£Î Ë ISP ÞÅÒÅÚ
	ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ PPP.  üÔÏÔ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ
	PPP ÐÏÄËÌÀޣΠÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ Ë ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ ÛÌÀÚÏ×ÏÍÕ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ
	ÞÅÒÅÚ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ISP Ë éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.</para>

      <para>íÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÉÚ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÍÁÛÉÎ ÂÕÄÕÔ
	ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍÉ:</para>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	<tgroup cols="3">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>èÏÓÔ</entry>
	      <entry>íÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ</entry>
	      <entry>éÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>

	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Local2</entry>
	      <entry>Local1</entry>
	      <entry>Ethernet</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>Local1</entry>
	      <entry>T1-GW</entry>
	      <entry>PPP</entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <para>þÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ <quote>ðÏÞÅÍÕ (ÉÌÉ ËÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ) × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
	ÛÌÀÚÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ <hostid>Local1</hostid> ÍÙ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍ
	<hostid>T1-GW</hostid>, Á ÎÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ
	ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÍÓÑ?</quote>.</para>

      <para>úÁÐÏÍÎÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ PPP-ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏÍ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ × ÓÅÔÉ
	ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ Ó ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ
	ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÍÁÛÉÎ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÓÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ
	Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ.  ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ×Ù ÕÖÅ ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÚÎÁÔØ, ËÁË ÄÏÓÔÉÞØ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ
	<hostid>T1-GW</hostid>, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÎÅÔ ÎÕÖÄÙ × ÐÒÏÍÅÖÕÔÏÞÎÏÊ ÔÏÞËÅ ÐÒÉ
	ÐÏÓÙÌËÅ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ Ë ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ ISP.</para>

      <para>÷ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÑÈ ÁÄÒÅÓ <hostid
	role="ipaddr">X.X.X.1</hostid> ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÄÒÅÓÁ
	ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÛÌÀÚÁ.  ôÏÇÄÁ (ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÔÏÇÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ)
	ÅÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ËÌÁÓÓÁ C ×ÁÛÅÊ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÂÙÌÏ ÚÁÄÁÎÏ
	ËÁË <hostid role="ipaddr">10.20.30</hostid>, Á ×ÁÛ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
	<hostid role="ipaddr">10.9.9</hostid>, ÔÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÂÕÄÕÔ
	ÔÁËÉÅ:</para>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	<tgroup cols="2">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>èÏÓÔ</entry>
	      <entry>íÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>

	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Local2 (10.20.30.2)</entry>
	      <entry>Local1 (10.20.30.1)</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>Local1 (10.20.30.1, 10.9.9.30)</entry>
	      <entry>T1-GW (10.9.9.1)</entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÌÅÇËÏ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ
	ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.  ÷ ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ
	ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ <hostid>Local2</hostid> ÍÙ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÌÉ ÔÁËÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÆÁÊÌ
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>defaultrouter="10.20.30.1"</programlisting>

      <para>üÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ É ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ
	ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.route.8;:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>route add default 10.20.30.1</userinput></screen>

      <para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁÍÉ
	ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ
	&man.route.8;.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>èÏÓÔÙ Ó Ä×ÏÊÎÙÍ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ</title>

      <indexterm><primary>ÈÏÓÔÙ Ó Ä×ÏÊÎÙÍ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ</primary></indexterm>
      <para>åÓÔØ ÅÝÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÔÉÐ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ, É ÜÔÏ
	ÓÌÕÞÁÊ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÈÏÓÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × Ä×ÕÈ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÑÈ.  ôÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÉ,
	ÌÀÂÁÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÁÑ ËÁË ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÛÌÀÚ (× ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÏÓØ PPP-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ), ÓÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÈÏÓÔÏÍ Ó Ä×ÏÊÎÙÍ
	ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÔÅÒÍÉÎ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ
	ÍÁÛÉÎÙ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÅÊÓÑ × Ä×ÕÈ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÑÈ.</para>

      <para>÷ ÏÄÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ Õ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ Ä×Á ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ Ethernet, ËÁÖÄÙÊ
	ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÑÈ.  ëÁË ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Õ ÍÏÖÎÏ
	ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ Ethernet-ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏÍ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
	ÁÌÉÁÓÏ× × ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ &man.ifconfig.8;.  ÷ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ Ä×Á
	ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÉ Ethernet, × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎ
	ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔ ÓÅÔÉ, ÎÏ Ä×Å ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ.</para>

      <para>÷ ÌÀÂÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ
	ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ ÜÔÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÁ ËÁË ÛÌÀÚ (×ÈÏÄÎÏÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ) ×
	ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ.  ôÁËÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ, ÐÒÉ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ×ÙÓÔÕÐÁÅÔ ×
	ÒÏÌÉ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÍÑ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÑÍÉ, ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ
	ÎÕÖÎÏ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÆÉÌØÔÒÁÃÉÉ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÉÌÉ
	ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ × ÏÄÎÏÍ ÉÌÉ ÏÂÏÉÈ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑÈ.</para>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÌÁ ÐÁËÅÔÙ
	ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÍÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ FreeBSD ÎÁ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ
	ÜÔÏÊ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÇÌÁ×Å, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÚÎÁÔØ, ËÁË ÜÔÏ
	ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-dedicated-router">
      <title>ðÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ</title>

      <indexterm><primary>ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ</primary></indexterm>

      <para>óÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
	ÐÅÒÅÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÐÁËÅÔÙ Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ.  óÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÙ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ É
	ÈÏÒÏÛÁÑ ÉÎÖÅÎÅÒÎÁÑ ÐÒÁËÔÉËÁ ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ðÒÏÅËÔÕ FreeBSD ×ËÌÀÞÁÔØ ÜÔÕ
	ÆÕÎËÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×Ï FreeBSD.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ,
	ÉÚÍÅÎÉ× ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × <literal>YES</literal> × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	&man.rc.conf.5;:</para>

      <programlisting>gateway_enable=YES          # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway</programlisting>

      <para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ &man.sysctl.8;-ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
	<varname>net.inet.ip.forwarding</varname> ×
	<literal>1</literal>.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÙËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÀ,
	×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓÂÒÏÓÉÔØ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ × <literal>0</literal>.</para>

      <para>÷ÁÛÅÍÕ ÎÏ×ÏÍÕ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÕ ÎÕÖÎÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁÈ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ,
	ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÎÁÔØ, ËÕÄÁ ÐÅÒÅÓÙÌÁÔØ ÔÒÁÆÉË.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ ÓÅÔØ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ,
	ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ.  ó FreeBSD ÔÁËÖÅ
	ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ BSD ÄÌÑ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ &man.routed.8;,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÕÍÅÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó RIP (ËÁË ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 1, ÔÁË É ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2) É IRDP.
	ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ BGP v4, OSPF v2 É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ× ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ
	ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ × ÐÁËÅÔÅ <filename role="package">net/zebra</filename>.  ôÁËÖÅ
	ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ É ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÅ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔÙ, ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÍÙÅ ËÁË ÂÏÌÅÅ ËÏÍÐÌÅËÓÎÏÅ
	ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË
	<application>&gated;</application>.</para>

      <indexterm><primary>BGP</primary></indexterm>

      <indexterm><primary>RIP</primary></indexterm>

      <indexterm><primary>OSPF</primary></indexterm>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <sect2info>
	<authorgroup>
	  <author>
	    <firstname>Al</firstname>
	    <surname>Hoang</surname>
	    <contrib>ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	  </author>
	</authorgroup>
      </sect2info>
      <!-- Feb 2004 -->
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ×</title>

      <sect3>
	<title>òÕÞÎÁÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</title>

	<para>ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ Õ ÎÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÓÅÔØ:</para>

	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="advanced-networking/static-routes"/>
	  </imageobject>

	  <textobject>
	<literallayout class="monospaced">
    INTERNET
      | (10.0.0.1/24) Default Router to Internet
      |
      |Interface xl0
      |10.0.0.10/24
   +------+
   |      | RouterA
   |      | (FreeBSD gateway)
   +------+
      | Interface xl1
      | 192.168.1.1/24
      |
  +--------------------------------+
   Internal Net 1      | 192.168.1.2/24
                       |
                   +------+
                   |      | RouterB
                   |      |
                   +------+
                       | 192.168.2.1/24
                       |
                     Internal Net 2
	</literallayout>
	  </textobject>
	</mediaobject>

	<para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÃÅÎÁÒÉÉ, <hostid>RouterA</hostid> ÜÔÏ ÎÁÛ
	  ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ Ó &os;, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÙÓÔÕÐÁÅÔ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
	  ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ × ÓÅÔØ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.  åÇÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
	  ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÎÁ <hostid
	  role="ipaddr">10.0.0.1</hostid>, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÅÍÕ
	  ÓÏÅÄÉÎÑÔØÓÑ Ó ×ÎÅÛÎÉÍ ÍÉÒÏÍ.  íÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ
	  <hostid>RouterB</hostid> ÕÖÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ É
	  ÚÎÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ (ÎÁ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÉÓÕÎËÅ ×ÓÅ
	  ÐÒÏÓÔÏ; ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÎÁ <hostid>RouterB</hostid> ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ
	  ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ <hostid
	  role="ipaddr">192.168.1.1</hostid> × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÛÌÀÚÁ).</para>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ÍÙ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ ÎÁ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ
	  <hostid>RouterA</hostid>, ÔÏ Õ×ÉÄÉÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>netstat -nr</userinput>
Routing tables

Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use  Netif  Expire
default            10.0.0.1           UGS         0    49378    xl0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          0        6    lo0
10.0.0/24          link#1             UC          0        0    xl0
192.168.1/24       link#2             UC          0        0    xl1</screen>

	<para>ó ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ <hostid>RouterA</hostid>
	  ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÉÞØ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ 2 (Internal Net 2).
	  ïÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÏÂÈÏÄÁ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ &mdash; ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ
	  ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ.  óÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
	  ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÀÀ ÓÅÔØ 2 Ë ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ
	  <hostid>RouterA</hostid> Ó <hostid
	  role="ipaddr">192.168.1.2</hostid> × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ
	  ÕÚÌÁ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>route add -net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2</userinput></screen>

	<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ <hostid>RouterA</hostid> ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÉÞØ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ
	  × ÓÅÔÉ
	  <hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.2.0/24</hostid>.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ</title>

	<para>ðÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÏ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ
	  ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ × ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ×
	  ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÎÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ
	  &os;.  óÐÏÓÏ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ×
	  ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÅÇÏ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

	<programlisting># äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ × Internal Net 2
static_routes="internalnet2"
route_internalnet2="-net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2"</programlisting>

	<para>÷ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <literal>static_routes</literal> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ
	  ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÁÍÉ.  ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÉÍÑ
	  ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ.  ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ × <literal>static_routes</literal>
	  ÅÓÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÎÁ ÓÔÒÏËÁ, ÜÔÏ
	  <replaceable>internalnet2</replaceable>.  úÁÔÅÍ ÍÙ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÌÉ
	  ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ
	  <literal>route_<replaceable>internalnet2</replaceable></literal>,
	  ËÕÄÁ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÙ ×ÓÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÔØ
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ &man.route.8;.  ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ ÂÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>route add -net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2</userinput></screen>

	  <para>ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
	    <literal>"-net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2"</literal>.</para>

	<para>ëÁË ÂÙÌÏ ÓËÁÚÁÎÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ÍÙ ÍÏÖÅÍ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ×
	  <literal>static_routes</literal> ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ÏÄÎÕ ÓÔÒÏËÕ.
	  üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ×.
	  ÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ× ÄÌÑ ÓÅÔÅÊ <hostid
	  role="ipaddr">192.168.0.0/24</hostid> É <hostid
	  role="ipaddr">192.168.1.0/24</hostid> (ÜÔÏÔ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ ÎÅ
	  ÐÏËÁÚÁÎ ÎÁ ÒÉÓÕÎËÅ ×ÙÛÅ:</para>

	<programlisting>static_routes="net1 net2"
route_net1="-net 192.168.0.0/24 192.168.0.1"
route_net2="-net 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.1"</programlisting>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>òÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ×</title>

      <indexterm><primary>ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ×</primary></indexterm>
      <para>íÙ ÕÖÅ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÌÉ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË ÍÙ ÚÁÄÁÅÍ ÎÁÛÉ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ ×Ï ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÍÉÒ,
	ÎÏ ÎÅ ÕÐÏÍÉÎÁÌÉ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÍÉÒ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔ ÎÁÓ.</para>

      <para>íÙ ÕÖÅ ÚÎÁÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ ÔÁË,
	ÞÔÏ ×ÅÓØ ÔÒÁÆÉË ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÁ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× (× ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÜÔÏ
	ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ ËÌÁÓÓÁ C) ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÍÕ ÈÏÓÔÕ × ÔÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ,
	ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÄÁÌØÛÅ.</para>

      <para>ðÒÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÉ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á, ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÷ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ,
	÷ÁÛ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔ Ó×ÏÉ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ ×ÅÓØ ÔÒÁÆÉË
	ÄÌÑ ÷ÁÛÅÊ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÓÙÌÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏ PPP-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÀ Ë ÷ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ.
	îÏ ËÁË ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ ÐÏ ×ÓÅÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÅ ÕÚÎÁÀÔ, ÞÔÏ ÷ÁÛ ÔÒÁÆÉË ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ
	÷ÁÛÅÍÕ ISP?</para>

      <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ (ÐÏÄÏÂÎÁÑ ÒÁÓÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ DNS), ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
	ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× É ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÔÏÞËÕ
	ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÍÁÇÉÓÔÒÁÌÉ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.  <quote>íÁÇÉÓÔÒÁÌØÀ</quote> ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ
	ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÅ ËÁÎÁÌÙ, ÐÏ ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÉÄÅÔ ÔÒÁÆÉË éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÓÔÒÁÎÙ É ÐÏ
	×ÓÅÍÕ ÍÉÒÕ.  ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÍÁÇÉÓÔÒÁÌØÎÁÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÉÍÅÅÔ ËÏÐÉÀ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ
	ÔÁÂÌÉÃ, ÓÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÔÒÁÆÉË ÄÌÑ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ
	ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÍÕ ÍÁÇÉÓÔÒÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ËÁÎÁÌÕ, É ÚÁÔÅÍ, ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÑÓØ ÐÏ ÃÅÐÏÞËÅ
	ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÏ×, ÏÎ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÅÔ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>

      <para>úÁÄÁÞÅÊ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÂßÑ×ÉÔØ ÎÁ ÍÁÇÉÓÔÒÁÌÉ Ï ÔÏÍ,
	ÞÔÏ ÏÎ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ ÚÁ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ (É ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÁ ÎÅÇÏ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ)
	×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ.  üÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅÍ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>õÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÐÏÌÁÄÏË</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>traceroute</primary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>éÎÏÇÄÁ Ó ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅÍ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, É ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
	ÓÁÊÔÙ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ Ë ×ÁÍ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ.  îÁ×ÅÒÎÏÅ, ÓÁÍÏÊ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
	ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÔÏÞËÉ ÎÅ×ÅÒÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	&man.traceroute.8;.  ïÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÁ É ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÓÁÍÉ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
	ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ (ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ &man.ping.8; ÎÅ
	ÓÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ).</para>

      <para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ &man.traceroute.8; ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ, Ó
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ, × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ.  ïÎÁ
	ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÍÅÖÕÔÏÞÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÛÌÀÚÙ ÐÏ ÐÕÔÉ ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, × ËÏÎÃÅ
	ËÏÎÃÏ× ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÑ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÑ Ó×ÏÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÉÚ-ÚÁ
	ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.</para>

      <para>úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ
	&man.traceroute.8;.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>íÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ</title>

      <indexterm>
 	<primary>ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÑÄÒÁ</primary>

	<secondary>MROUTING</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>FreeBSD ÉÚÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÁË ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ Ó
	ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÙÍ ÔÒÁÆÉËÏÍ, ÔÁË É ÅÇÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÀ.  ôÁËÉÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÎÅ
	ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÏÓÏÂÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ FreeBSD; ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÓÒÁÚÕ.
	äÌÑ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ
	ÜÔÏÇÏ ÂÙÌÁ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ × ÑÄÒÏ:</para>

      <programlisting>options MROUTING</programlisting>

      <para>ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ, &man.mrouted.8;,
	ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	<filename>/etc/mrouted.conf</filename> ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÅÊ É
	<acronym>DVMRP</acronym>.  äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
	ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ
	ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÙÈ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÕ
	&man.mrouted.8;.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-wireless">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Eric</firstname>
	  <surname>Anderson</surname>
	  <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>áÎÄÒÅÊ</firstname>
	  <surname>úÁÈ×ÁÔÏ×</surname>
	  <contrib>ðÅÒÅ×£Ì ÎÁ ÒÕÓÓËÉÊ ÑÚÙË </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>âÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÉ</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÉ</primary>
    </indexterm>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>802.11</primary>
      <see>ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÉ</see>
    </indexterm>

    <sect2>
      <title>÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</title>

      <para>âÙÌÏ ÂÙ ×ÅÓØÍÁ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÍ ÉÍÅÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ
	ÂÅÚ ÈÌÏÐÏÔ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ËÁÂÅÌÅÍ.
	FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÁË ËÌÉÅÎÔ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, É ÄÁÖÅ
	× ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å <quote>ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ</quote> Ë ÎÅÊ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>òÅÖÉÍÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ</title>

      <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ Ä×Á ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÇÏ
	ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ 802.11: BSS É IBSS.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>òÅÖÉÍ BSS</title>

	<para>òÅÖÉÍ BSS Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍ.  òÅÖÉÍ BSS ÔÁËÖÅ
	  ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÔÏÞÅË
	  ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ Ë ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ
	  ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  ëÁÖÄÏÅ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÁÑ ÓÅÔØ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÍÑ.  üÔÏ ÉÍÑ
	  Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÏÍ SSID ÓÅÔÉ.</para>

	<para>ëÌÉÅÎÔÙ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ Ë ÜÔÉÍ ÔÏÞËÁÍ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ
	  ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.  óÔÁÎÄÁÒÔ IEEE 802.11 ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ,
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ Ó×ÑÚÉ × ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÑÈ.  ëÌÉÅÎÔ ÓÅÔÉ
	  ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÅÓÌÉ
	  ÚÁÄÁΠţ SSID.  ëÌÉÅÎÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÌÀÂÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÅÓÌÉ
	  SSID ÎÅ ÚÁÄÁÎ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>òÅÖÉÍ IBSS</title>

	<para>òÅÖÉÍ IBSS, ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ad-hoc, ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ
	  ÔÏÞËÁ-ÔÏÞËÁ.  îÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ Ä×Á ÔÉÐÁ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ ad-hoc.  ïÄÉÎ
	  ÉÚ ÎÉÈ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ IBSS, ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ ad-hoc ÉÌÉ
	  IEEE ad-hoc.  üÔÏÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÏÐÒÅÄẠ̊ΠÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÁÍÉ IEEE 802.11.  ÷ÔÏÒÏÊ
	  ÒÅÖÉÍ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÅÍÏÎÓÔÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ ad-hoc, ÉÌÉ Lucent ad-hoc
	  (ÉÌÉ, ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ, ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ ad-hoc).  üÔÏ ÓÔÁÒÙÊ,
	  ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×Á×ÛÉÊ ÄÏ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ 802.11, ÒÅÖÉÍ ad-hoc, É ÏÎ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ÓÅÔÅÊ. ÷ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÍÙ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÍ
	  ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÔØ ÎÉ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÒÅÖÉÍÏ× ad-hoc.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>òÅÖÉÍ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ</title>

      <sect3>
	<title>ôÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ</title>

	<para>ôÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á,
	  ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÅ ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÅÍÕ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Õ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÃÅÎÔÒÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ
	  ËÏÎÃÅÎÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ.  ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ×ÓÅ ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ
	  ÞÅÒÅÚ ÎÅ£.  úÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÔÏÞÅË ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ
	  ÐÏËÒÙÔÉÑ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔØÀ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÚÏÎÙ, ÔÁËÏÊ, ËÁË ÄÏÍ, ÏÆÉÓ ÉÌÉ
	  ÐÁÒË.</para>

	<para>ôÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÊ Ë ÓÅÔÉ: ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ
	  ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ É ÏÄÉÎ ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÅÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
	  ethernet-ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>

	<para>ôÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÉÏÂÒÅÔÅÎÙ ÕÖÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÍÉ, ÌÉÂÏ
	  ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÕÀ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ FreeBSD É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
	  ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ.  îÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÀÔ
	  ÔÏÞËÉ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ É ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó
	  ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ó FreeBSD</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÉ</primary>
	  <secondary>ÔÏÞËÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<sect4>
	  <title>ôÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</title>

	  <para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÕÀ ÔÏÞËÕ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÎÁ FreeBSD,
	    ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ.  îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ
	    ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ
	    Prism.  ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ FreeBSD ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ
	    ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (ÎÁÊÔÉ ÔÁËÏÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÅÔÒÕÄÎÏ, FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
	    ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×).  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å ÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ
	    ÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÍÏÓÔ (&man.bridge.4;) ÄÌÑ
	    ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÁ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ É
	    ÓÅÔØÀ, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ Ë ÏÂÙÞÎÏÍÕ Ethernet-ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÕ.</para>

	  <para>æÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ hostap, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ FreeBSD ÄÌÑ
	    ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ
	    ×ÅÒÓÉÑÍÉ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄÁ.  áÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ Prism 2 ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄ
	    ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 1.3.4 ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÙÊ.  áÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ Prism 2.5 É Prism 3 ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
	    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 1.4.9.  âÏÌÅÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄÁ
	    ÍÏÇÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ, Á ÍÏÇÕÔ É ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ.  ÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ
	    ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
	    ÕÔÉÌÉÔ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ &windows;, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ Õ
	    ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÑ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×.</para>
	</sect4>

	<sect4>
	  <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</title>

	  <para>ðÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ£Ô ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ
	    ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig -a</userinput>
wi0: flags=8843&lt;UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
        inet6 fe80::202:2dff:fe2d:c938%wi0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x7
        inet 0.0.0.0 netmask 0xff000000 broadcast 255.255.255.255
        ether 00:09:2d:2d:c9:50
        media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect (DS/2Mbps)
        status: no carrier
        ssid ""
        stationname "FreeBSD Wireless node"
        channel 10 authmode OPEN powersavemode OFF powersavesleep 100
        wepmode OFF weptxkey 1</screen>

	  <para>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ ÎÅ ÂÅÓÐÏËÏÊÔÅÓØ Ï ÄÅÔÁÌÑÈ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ,
	    ÞÔÏ ×ÙÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÎÅÞÔÏ, ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÝÅÅ ÎÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ
	    ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ.  åÓÌÉ ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó
	    ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÓÔØÀ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ, É ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ
	    PC Card, ÔÏ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÝÉÍ
	    &man.pccardc.8; É &man.pccardd.8; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ
	    ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</para>

	  <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÔÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ
	    FreeBSD, ÞÔÏ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ ÚÁ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÀ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÍÏÓÔÏ×, ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ
	    Ó ÔÏÞËÏÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ.  äÌÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ &man.bridge.4; ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
	    ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload bridge</userinput></screen>

	  <para>ðÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅ
	    ÄÏÌÖÎÏ.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ×Ó£ ÖÅ ÐÒÏÉÚÏÛÌÏ, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
	    ×ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÄ ÄÌÑ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ &man.bridge.4; × ÑÄÒÏ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ×ÁÍ
	    ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÍÏÞØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÜÔÏÇÏ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Ï <link
	    linkend="network-bridging">ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
	    ÍÏÓÔÏ×</link>.</para>

	  <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÌÉ Ó ÔÏÊ ÞÁÓÔØÀ, ÞÔÏ ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ
	    ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÍÏÓÔÁ, ÎÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÑÄÒÕ FreeBSD, ËÁËÉÅ
	    ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÔØÓÑ × ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÍ ÍÏÓÔÅ.  üÔÏ ÍÙ ÄÅÌÁÅÍ
	    ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ &man.sysctl.8;:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.enable=1</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.config="wi0 xl0"</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1</userinput></screen>

	  <para>÷ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ &os;, ÐÒÅÄÛÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ 5.2, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÕÖÎÏ
	    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl net.link.ether.bridge=1</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl net.link.ether.bridge_cfg="wi0,xl0"</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1</userinput></screen>

	  <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.
	  óÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÔÏÞËÉ
	    ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ:</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig wi0 ssid <replaceable>my_net</replaceable> channel 11 media DS/11Mbps mediaopt hostap up stationname "<replaceable>FreeBSD AP</replaceable>"</userinput>
	  </screen>

	  <para>óÔÒÏÞËÁ &man.ifconfig.8; ÁËÔÉ×ÉÚÉÒÕÅÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ
	    <devicename>wi0</devicename>, ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÕÅÔ ÅÇÏ SSID ËÁË
	    <replaceable>my_net</replaceable>, Á ÉÍÑ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ ËÁË
	    <replaceable>FreeBSD AP</replaceable>.
	    <option>media DS/11Mbps</option> ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÉÔ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ×
	    ÒÅÖÉÍ 11Mbps É ÎÕÖÅÎ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÒÁÂÏÔÁÌ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	    <option>mediaopt</option>.  ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>mediaopt
	    hostap</option> ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÉÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ × ÒÅÖÉÍ ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ.
	    ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>channel 11</option> ÚÁÄÁ£Ô ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÁÎÁÌÁ
	    802.11b.  óÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÉ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ &man.wicontrol.8; ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÑÅÔ
	    ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÙÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ËÁÎÁÌÏ× ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÎÕÖÄ.</para>

	  <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ Õ ×ÁÓ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØÓÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÁÑ
	    ÔÏÞËÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ.  îÁÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ÓÏ×ÅÔÕÅÍ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ
	    ÐÏ &man.wicontrol.8;, &man.ifconfig.8;, É &man.wi.4; ÄÌÑ
	    ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</para>

	  <para>ôÁËÖÅ ÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÐÒÏÞÔ£ÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ Ï
	    ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ.</para>
	</sect4>

	<sect4>
	  <title>éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ</title>

	  <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÔÏÞËÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ É ÎÁÞÁÌÁ Ó×ÏÀ
	    ÒÁÂÏÔÕ, ÏÐÅÒÁÔÏÒÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ×ÉÄÅÔØ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ×, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ
	    Ó ÜÔÏÊ ÔÏÞËÏÊ.  ÷ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÏÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>wicontrol -l</userinput>
1 station:
00:09:b7:7b:9d:16  asid=04c0, flags=3&lt;ASSOC,AUTH&gt;, caps=1&lt;ESS&gt;, rates=f&lt;1M,2M,5.5M,11M&gt;, sig=38/15</screen>

	  <para>üÔÏ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÎÁ Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÁÑ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÑ Ó
	    ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÁÍÉ.  ÷ÙÄÁ×ÁÅÍÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ
	    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ËÁË ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÉÎÄÉËÁÔÏÒ ÅÇÏ ÓÉÌÙ.  åÇÏ
	    ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄ × dBm ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÅÄÉÎÉÃÙ ÉÚÍÅÒÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÁÀÔÓÑ × ÒÁÚÎÙÈ
	    ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄÁ.</para>
	</sect4>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ëÌÉÅÎÔÙ</title>

	<para>ëÌÉÅÎÔ × ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
	  ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÔÏÞËÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ë ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ
	  ËÌÉÅÎÔÕ.</para>

	<para>ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ
	  ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ, Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>

	<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ
	  ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.  ïÎÉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÒÅÖÉÍÁÈ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ×
	  ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ BSS (ÒÅÖÉÍ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ
	  ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ) ÉÌÉ IBSS (ad-hoc ÉÌÉ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÏÄÎÏÒÁÎÇÏ×ÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ).  ÷
	  ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÙÊ ÉÈ ÎÉÈ, ÒÅÖÉÍ
	  BSS, ÄÌÑ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÔÏÞËÏÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ.</para>

	<sect4>
	  <title>ôÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</title>

	  <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÎÏ Ö£ÓÔËÏÅ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ FreeBSD ×
	    ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.  ÷ÁÍ ÎÕÖÅÎ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ
	    Ó×ÑÚÉ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ FreeBSD.</para>
	</sect4>

	<sect4>
	  <title>ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ FreeBSD ËÁË ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ</title>

	  <para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ
	    ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÚÎÁÔØ Ï ÎÅÊ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÅÝÅÊ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÍÙ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÍÓÑ
	    Ë ÓÅÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <replaceable>my_net</replaceable>,
	    É ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ × ÎÅÊ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÏ.</para>

	  <note><para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÍÙ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÎÏ
	    ÜÔÏ ÎÅÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏ.  ÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ×Ù ÕÚÎÁÅÔÅ, ËÁË Å£ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ,
	    ÐÏÞÅÍÕ ÜÔÏ ÔÁË ×ÁÖÎÏ, É ÐÏÞÅÍÕ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÉ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×Ó£
	    ÖÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉÔØ ×ÁÛÕ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ
	    ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ.</para></note>

	  <para>õÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ£ÔÓÑ ×Ï FreeBSD:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig -a</userinput>
wi0: flags=8843&lt;UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
        inet6 fe80::202:2dff:fe2d:c938%wi0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x7
        inet 0.0.0.0 netmask 0xff000000 broadcast 255.255.255.255
        ether 00:09:2d:2d:c9:50
        media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect (DS/2Mbps)
        status: no carrier
        ssid ""
        stationname "FreeBSD Wireless node"
        channel 10 authmode OPEN powersavemode OFF powersavesleep 100
        wepmode OFF weptxkey 1</screen>

	  <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÍÙ ÍÏÖÅÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ ÎÁ ÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ
	    ÎÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig wi0 inet <replaceable>192.168.0.20</replaceable> netmask <replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable> ssid <replaceable>my_net</replaceable></userinput></screen>

	  <para>úÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ <hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.0.20</hostid> É <hostid
	    role="netmask">255.255.255.0</hostid> ÎÁ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÅ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ É
	    ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÍÁÓËÕ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.  úÁÐÏÍÎÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÛÁ ÔÏÞËÁ
	    ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ×ÙÓÔÕÐÁÅÔ × ÒÏÌÉ ÍÏÓÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ É
	    ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÑÍÉ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×,
	    ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÈÓÑ × ÓÅÔÉ, ËÁË ÂÕÄÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÔÏÖÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ
	    ÓÅÔÉ.</para>

	  <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÜÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÌÉ, ÔÏ ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ping ÏÔ ÈÏÓÔÏ×
	    × ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ËÁË ÂÕÄÔÏ ×Ù ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ
	    ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÏ×.</para>

	  <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÔÏÌËÎÕÌÉÓØ Ó ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍÉ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ × ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ
	    ÓÅÔÉ, ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÁÓÓÏÃÉÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ (ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÙ) Ó ÔÏÞËÏÊ
	    ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig wi0</userinput></screen>

	  <para>ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ×ÙÄÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, É ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ:</para>

	  <screen>status: associated</screen>

	  <para>åÓÌÉ ÓÔÁÔÕÓ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ
	    <literal>associated</literal>, ÜÔÏ
	    ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÏËÁÚÁÌÉÓØ ×ÎÅ ÚÏÎÙ ÄÏÓÑÇÁÅÍÏÓÔÉ ÔÏÞËÉ
	    ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ, ×ËÌÀÞÉÌÉ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÉÌÉ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó
	    ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>
	</sect4>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ûÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÉ</primary>
	  <secondary>ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>ûÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ × ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÉÍÅÅÔ ×ÁÖÎÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ
	  Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉÔØ ÓÅÔØ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÚÁÝÉÝ£ÎÎÏÊ
	  ÏÂÌÁÓÔØÀ.  äÁÎÎÙÅ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ×ÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏ ×ÓÅÊ
	  ÏËÒÅÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×Á×ÛÉÊÓÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÈ ÓÞÉÔÁÔØ.  ÷ÏÔ
	  ÚÄÅÓØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.  ûÉÆÒÕÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ, ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÍÙÅ ×
	  ÜÆÉÒ, ×Ù ÄÅÌÁÅÔÅ ÉÈ ÐÒÑÍÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÈ×ÁÔ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ
	  ÌÀÂÏÐÙÔÎÙÈ.</para>

	<para>ä×ÕÍÑ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÍÙÍÉ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁÍÉ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
	  ÍÅÖÄÕ ×ÁÛÉÍ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ É ÔÏÞËÏÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ WEP
	  É &man.ipsec.4;.</para>

	<sect4>
	  <title>WEP</title>

	  <indexterm>
	    <primary>WEP</primary>
	  </indexterm>

	  <para>WEP Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÔ Wired Equivalency Protocol
	    (ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ óÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ðÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ).  WEP Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÐÙÔËÏÊ
	    ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÉ ÔÁËÉÍÉ ÖÅ ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÙÍÉ É ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÙÍÉ, ËÁË
	    ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ.  ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÏÎ ÂÙÌ ×ÚÌÏÍÁÎ É ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÌÅÇËÏ
	    ÐÏÄÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ×ÓËÒÙÔÉÀ.  üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ,
	    ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÏÐÉÒÁÔØÓÑ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÒÅÞØ ÉÄ£Ô Ï ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
	    ËÒÉÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</para>

	  <para>ïÎ ÌÕÞÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÄÌÑ
	    ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ WEP × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÔÏÞËÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ FreeBSD:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig wi0 inet up ssid <replaceable>my_net</replaceable> wepmode on wepkey <replaceable>0x1234567890</replaceable> media DS/11Mbps mediaopt hostap</userinput></screen>

	  <para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ WEP ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig wi0 inet <replaceable>192.168.0.20</replaceable> netmask <replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable> ssid <replaceable>my_net</replaceable> wepmode on wepkey <replaceable>0x1234567890</replaceable></userinput></screen>

	  <para>ïÔÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ
	    <replaceable>0x1234567890</replaceable> ÎÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÊ ËÌÀÞ.</para>
	</sect4>

	<sect4>
	  <title>IPsec</title>

	  <para>&man.ipsec.4; Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÙÍ É ÍÏÝÎÙÍ
	    ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÓÅÔÉ.  üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏ
	    Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÔÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍ ÄÌÑ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ
	    ÓÅÔÉ.  âÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÏ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØÀ É ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÅÍ
	    &man.ipsec.4; ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÂ <link
	    linkend="ipsec">IPsec</link> ÜÔÏÇÏ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á.</para>
	</sect4>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>õÔÉÌÉÔÙ</title>

	<para>éÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÌÑ
	  ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ É ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, É ÚÄÅÓØ ÍÙ ÐÏÐÙÔÁÅÍÓÑ
	  ÏÐÉÓÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ É ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÄÅÌÁÔØ.</para>

	<sect4>
	  <title>ðÁËÅÔ <application>bsd-airtools</application></title>

	  <para>ðÁËÅÔ <application>bsd-airtools</application> ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
	    ÓÏÂÏÊ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÏ×, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ
	    ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÎÁ ÐÒÅÄÍÅÔ ×ÚÌÏÍÁ WEP-ËÌÀÞÁ,
	    ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ É ÔÏÍÕ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏÅ.</para>

	  <para>õÔÉÌÉÔÙ <application>bsd-airtools</application> ÍÏÖÎÏ
	    ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÁ <filename
	    role="package">net-mgmt/bsd-airtools</filename>.  éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ
	    Ï ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × çÌÁ×Å <xref linkend="ports"/>
	    ÜÔÏÇÏ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á.</para>

	  <para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ <command>dstumbler</command> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ,
	    ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÍ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ É ×ÙÄÁÞÉ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑ
	    ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÁ Ë ÛÕÍÕ.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ Ó ÔÒÕÄÏÍ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ
	    ÔÏÞËÕ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ, <command>dstumbler</command> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ ×ÁÍ
	    ÎÁÞÁÔØ.</para>

	  <para>äÌÑ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ
	    ÓÅÔÉ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁÂÏÒÏÍ <quote>dweputils</quote>
	    (<command>dwepcrack</command>, <command>dwepdump</command> É
	    <command>dwepkeygen</command>), ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ
	    ÐÏÎÑÔØ, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÌÉ WEP ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÍ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÛÉÈ
	    ÐÏÔÒÅÂÎÏÓÔÅÊ × ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
	</sect4>

	<sect4>
	  <title>õÔÉÌÉÔÙ <command>wicontrol</command>,
	    <command>ancontrol</command> É
	    <command>raycontrol</command></title>

	  <para>üÔÏ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÄÌÑ
	    ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅÍ
	    ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ × ÓÅÔÉ.  ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ ÍÙ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÌÉ
	    &man.wicontrol.8;, ÔÁË ËÁË ÎÁÛÉÍ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏÍ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÂÙÌ
	    ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ <devicename>wi0</devicename>.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ
	    ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÏÔ Cisco, ÜÔÉÍ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	    <devicename>an0</devicename>, É ÔÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ
	    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ &man.ancontrol.8;.</para>
	</sect4>

	<sect4>
	  <title>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>ifconfig</command></title>

	  <indexterm>
	    <primary>ifconfig</primary>
	  </indexterm>

	  <para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ &man.ifconfig.8; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
	    ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÉÚ ÔÅÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÞÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ£Ô &man.wicontrol.8;, ÏÄÎÁËÏ
	    ÒÁÂÏÔÁ Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ × ÎÅÊ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë
	    &man.ifconfig.8; ÄÌÑ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× É ÏÐÃÉÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ
	    ÓÔÒÏËÉ.</para>
	</sect4>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ</title>

	<sect4>
	  <title>ôÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ</title>

	  <para>åÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
	    ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ BSS (ËÁË ÔÏÞËÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ), Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÅ
	    ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÞÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ Prism 2, 2.5
	    ÉÌÉ 3).  ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÍÏÖÎÏ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ × &man.wi.4;.</para>
	</sect4>

	<sect4>
	  <title>ëÌÉÅÎÔÙ 802.11b</title>

	  <para>ðÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÓÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ 802.11b ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ
	    ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×Ï FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.  âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×,
	    ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å Prism, Spectrum24, Hermes, Aironet É Raylink,
	    ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ
	    IBSS (ad-hoc, ÏÄÎÏÒÁÎÇÏ×ÁÑ ÓÅÔØ É BSS).</para>
	</sect4>

    <sect4>
    <title>ëÌÉÅÎÔÙ 802.11a É 802.11g</title>

    <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á &man.ath.4; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ 802.11a É 802.11g.
      åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ ËÁÒÔÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÁ ÎÁ ÞÉÐÓÅÔÅ Atheros, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
      ÜÔÏÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ.</para>

    <para>ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ, ÎÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÈ
      ÓÈÅÍÁÔÉËÕ Ó×ÏÉÈ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ× ÓÏÏÂÝÅÓÔ×Õ open source, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ
      ÜÔÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÓÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÒÇÏ×ÙÍ ÓÅËÒÅÔÏÍ.  óÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ,
      Õ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× FreeBSD É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ
      Ä×Á ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÁ: ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÄÏÌÇÉÍ É ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ
      ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÖÉÎÉÒÉÎÇÁ, ÉÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ
      ÄÌÑ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ &microsoft.windows;.  âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×
      FreeBSD ×ÙÂÒÁÌÉ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ.</para>

    <para>âÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÑ ÕÓÉÌÉÑÍ âÉÌÌÁ ðÏÌÁ (wpaul), ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ
      Ó FreeBSD&nbsp;5.3-RELEASE ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ <quote>ÐÒÏÚÒÁÞÎÁÑ</quote>
      ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS).
      FreeBSD NDISulator (ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË Project Evil)
      ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÅÔ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &windows; ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ ÏÎ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ
      ÔÁË ÖÅ ËÁË É × &windows;.  üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ×Ó£ ÅÝ£ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ
      ÎÏ×Á, ÎÏ × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÔÅÓÔÏ× ÏÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÁÄÅË×ÁÔÎÏ.</para>

    <indexterm><primary>NDIS</primary></indexterm>

    <indexterm><primary>ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË NDIS</primary></indexterm>

    <indexterm><primary>ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ &windows;</primary></indexterm>

    <indexterm><primary>Microsoft Windows</primary></indexterm>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>Microsoft Windows</primary>

      <secondary>ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <indexterm><primary>KLD (ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÍÙÊ ÏÂßÅËÔ ÑÄÒÁ)</primary></indexterm>

    <!-- We should probably omit the expanded name, and add a <see> entry
	 for it.  Whatever is done must also be done to the same indexterm in
	 linuxemu/chapter.xml -->

    <para>äÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ NDISulator ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÔÒÉ ×ÅÝÉ:</para>

    <orderedlist>
     <listitem>
      <para>éÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ÑÄÒÁ</para>
     </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>âÉÎÁÒÎÙÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &windowsxp;
	(ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ <filename>.SYS</filename>)</para>
     </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>æÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÏÇÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ &windowsxp;
	(ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ <filename>.INF</filename>)</para>
     </listitem>
    </orderedlist>

    <para>÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ ÍÉÎÉ ÐÏÒÔÁ
      &man.ndis.4;.  ðÏÄ <username>root</username>:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/sys/modules/ndis</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make &amp;&amp; make install</userinput></screen>

    <para>ïÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔÅ ÍÅÓÔÏÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ ËÁÒÔÙ.  ïÂÙÞÎÏ
      ÉÈ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÅÍ × ËÏÍÐÌÅËÔ CD ÉÌÉ ÎÁ Web-ÓÁÊÔÅ
      ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÁ.  ÷ ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ
      <filename>W32DRIVER.SYS</filename> É
      <filename>W32DRIVER.INF</filename>.</para>

    <para>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÛÁÇ ÜÔÏ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÏÇÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ×
      ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÍÙÊ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÑÄÒÁ.  þÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÚÁÊÄÉÔÅ ×
      ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ <filename>if_ndis</filename> É Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ
      <username>root</username> ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÔÕÄÁ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ
      &windows;:</para>

   <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/sys/modules/if_ndis</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cp <replaceable>/path/to/driver/W32DRIVER.SYS</replaceable> ./</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cp <replaceable>/path/to/driver/W32DRIVER.INF</replaceable> ./</userinput></screen>

    <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ <command>ndiscvt</command> ÄÌÑ
      ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ
      <filename>ndis_driver_data.h</filename> ÐÅÒÅÄ ÓÂÏÒËÏÊ
      ÍÏÄÕÌÑ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ndiscvt -i <replaceable>W32DRIVER.INF</replaceable> -s <replaceable>W32DRIVER.SYS</replaceable> -o ndis_driver_data.h</userinput></screen>

    <para>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ <option>-i</option> É <option>-s</option> ÚÁÄÁÀÔ
      ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ É ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ.  íÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ
      ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-o ndis_driver_data.h</option>, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ
      <filename>Makefile</filename> ÐÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ
      ÏÂÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ ÆÁÊÌÕ.</para>

    <note>
      <para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁÍ &windows; ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ
	ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ
	<command>ndiscvt</command> <option>-f</option>.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ
	Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &man.ndiscvt.8; ÚÁ
	ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>
    </note>

    <para>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÓÏÂÅÒÉÔÅ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make &amp;&amp; make install</userinput></screen>

    <para>äÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ
      ÍÏÄÕÌÉ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload ndis</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload if_ndis</userinput></screen>

    <para>ðÅÒ×ÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÍÉÎÉ-ÐÏÒÔÁ NDIS,
      ×ÔÏÒÁÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ.  ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ
      &man.dmesg.8; ÎÁ ÐÒÅÄÍÅÔ ÏÛÉÂÏË ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.  åÓÌÉ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÛÌÏ
      ÈÏÒÏÛÏ, ×Ù×ÏÄ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁËÉÍ:</para>

    <screen>ndis0: &lt;Wireless-G PCI Adapter&gt; mem 0xf4100000-0xf4101fff irq 3 at device 8.0 on pci1
ndis0: NDIS API version: 5.0
ndis0: Ethernet address: 0a:b1:2c:d3:4e:f5
ndis0: 11b rates: 1Mbps 2Mbps 5.5Mbps 11Mbps
ndis0: 11g rates: 6Mbps 9Mbps 12Mbps 18Mbps 36Mbps 48Mbps 54Mbps</screen>

    <para>îÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
      <devicename>ndis0</devicename> ËÁË ÌÀÂÏÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÅ
      ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <devicename>wi0</devicename>);
      × ÜÔÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÍÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ, ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÁÑ × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÜÔÏÊ
      ÇÌÁ×Ù.</para>
    </sect4>

      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-bluetooth">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Pav</firstname>

	  <surname>Lucistnik</surname>

	  <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>

	  <affiliation>
	    <address><email>pav@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
	  </affiliation>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>Bluetooth</title>

    <indexterm><primary>Bluetooth</primary></indexterm>

    <sect2>
      <title>÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</title>

      <para>Bluetooth Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÅÊ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ
	ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌØÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÅÊ ÎÁ ÒÁÓÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ ÎÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ 10 ÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÎÁ
	ÞÁÓÔÏÔÅ 2.4 ççÃ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÌÅÖÉÔ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ.  ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÔÁËÉÅ
	ÓÅÔÉ ÆÏÒÍÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÁÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ÔÁËÉÈ, ËÁË ÓÏÔÏ×ÙÅ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÙ,
	ëðë É ÌÜÐÔÏÐÙ.  ÷ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ Wi-Fi, ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÏÊ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ
	ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÉ, Bluetooth ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÙÓÏËÉÊ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ,
	ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ ÔÉÐÁ FTP, ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÕ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÇÏÌÏÓÁ, ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÀ
	ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ.</para>

      <para>óÔÅË ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ× Bluetooth ×Ï &os; ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÉ
	Netgraph (ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë &man.netgraph.4;).  ûÉÒÏËÉÊ ÓÐÅËÔÒ USB-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
	Bluetooth ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ &man.ng.ubt.4;.  õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
	Bluetooth ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ Broadcom BCM2033 ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
	ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ &man.ng.bt3c.4;.  õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á Bluetooth, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ
	ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ É UART-ÐÏÒÔÙ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁÍÉ &man.sio.4;,
	&man.ng.h4.4; É &man.hcseriald.8;. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÍÙÈ ÞÅÒÅÚ USB.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ðÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á</title>

      <para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× Bluetooth ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ
	ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ ÑÄÒÁ.  ðÅÒÅÄ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏÄÇÒÕÚÉÔØ
	ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ × ÑÄÒÏ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload ng_ubt</userinput></screen>

      <para>åÓÌÉ Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï × ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÏ, ÔÏ
	ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÊÔÅ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>ng_ubt_load="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>ðÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ×ÁÛÅ USB-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï.  îÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ (ÉÌÉ × ÖÕÒÎÁÌÅ
	syslog) ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ:</para>

      <screen>ubt0: vendor 0x0a12 product 0x0001, rev 1.10/5.25, addr 2
ubt0: Interface 0 endpoints: interrupt=0x81, bulk-in=0x82, bulk-out=0x2
ubt0: Interface 1 (alt.config 5) endpoints: isoc-in=0x83, isoc-out=0x3,
      wMaxPacketSize=49, nframes=6, buffer size=294</screen>

      <note>
	<para>óÔÅË ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ× Bluetooth ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ×Ï &os; 6.0, É ×Ï
	  &os; 5.X, ÐÅÒÅÄ 5.5.  üÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ &man.devd.8;
	  ×Ï &os; 5.5, 6.1 É × ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ.</para>

      <para>óËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ
	<filename>/usr/share/examples/netgraph/bluetooth/rc.bluetooth</filename>
	× ËÁËÏÅ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, × ÆÁÊÌ
	<filename>/etc/rc.bluetooth</filename>.  üÔÏÔ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
	ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ É ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Bluetooth-ÓÔÅËÁ.  ðÅÒÅÄ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ
	ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ, ÈÏÔÑ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ) ÜÔÏ ÎÅ
	ÆÁÔÁÌØÎÏ.  ðÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÓÔÅËÁ ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ, ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ
	ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.bluetooth start ubt0</userinput>
BD_ADDR: 00:02:72:00:d4:1a
Features: 0xff 0xff 0xf 00 00 00 00 00
&lt;3-Slot&gt; &lt;5-Slot&gt; &lt;Encryption&gt; &lt;Slot offset&gt;
&lt;Timing accuracy&gt; &lt;Switch&gt; &lt;Hold mode&gt; &lt;Sniff mode&gt;
&lt;Park mode&gt; &lt;RSSI&gt; &lt;Channel quality&gt; &lt;SCO link&gt;
&lt;HV2 packets&gt; &lt;HV3 packets&gt; &lt;u-law log&gt; &lt;A-law log&gt; &lt;CVSD&gt;
&lt;Paging scheme&gt; &lt;Power control&gt; &lt;Transparent SCO data&gt;
Max. ACL packet size: 192 bytes
Number of ACL packets: 8
Max. SCO packet size: 64 bytes
Number of SCO packets: 8</screen>
      </note>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Host Controller Interface (HCI)</title>

      <indexterm><primary>HCI</primary></indexterm>

      <para>Host Controller Interface (HCI) ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÄÌÑ
	ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÏÍ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÔÞÉËÁ É ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÏÍ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
	ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÄÁÎÎÙÍ Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÅÇÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÍ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁÍ.
	üÔÏÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÕÎÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë
	ÐÅÒÅÄÁÀÝÉÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍ Bluetooth.  õÒÏ×ÅÎØ HCI ÎÁ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÝÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
	ÏÂÍÅÎÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ É ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍÉ Ó ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄÏÍ HCI × ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
	Bluetooth.  äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÄÌÑ Host Controller Transport Layer (ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ
	ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÛÉÎÙ) ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÏÂÏÉÍ ÓÌÏÑÍ HCI ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÂÍÅÎÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ
	ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ ÄÒÕÇ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÍ.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÏÚÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎ ÕÚÅÌ Netgraph ÔÉÐÁ
	<emphasis>hci</emphasis>.  HCI-ÕÚÅÌ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÕÚÌÕ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ
	ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á Bluetooth (×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÐÏÔÏË) É Ë ÕÚÌÕ L2CAP (ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÐÏÔÏË).
	÷ÓÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ Ó HCI ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÕÚÌÅ HCI, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÎÁ ÕÚÌÅ
	ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á.  ÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÉÍÅÎÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÕÚÌÁ HCI
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ <quote>devicehci</quote>.  äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ
	ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ &man.ng.hci.4;.</para>

      <para>ïÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ ÓÁÍÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÏÊ ÚÁÄÁÞ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÅ
	Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× × ÒÁÄÉÕÓÅ RF-ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÓÔÉ.  üÔÁ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÑ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
	<emphasis>ÏÐÒÏÓÏÍ</emphasis> (inquiry).  ïÐÒÏÓ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ,
	Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó HCI, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ &man.hccontrol.8;.
	ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÎÉÖÅ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ËÁË ÎÁÊÔÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á Bluetooth.
	óÐÉÓÏË ÔÁËÉÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎ × ÔÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÓÅËÕÎÄ.
	úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÂÕÄÕÔ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÔØ ÎÁ ÏÐÒÏÓ, ÅÓÌÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ
	ÏÎÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ <emphasis>ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÓÔÉ</emphasis>
	(discoverable).</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>hccontrol -n ubt0hci inquiry</userinput>
Inquiry result, num_responses=1
Inquiry result #0
       BD_ADDR: 00:80:37:29:19:a4
       Page Scan Rep. Mode: 0x1
       Page Scan Period Mode: 00
       Page Scan Mode: 00
       Class: 52:02:04
       Clock offset: 0x78ef
Inquiry complete. Status: No error [00]</screen>

      <para><literal>BD_ADDR</literal> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÍ ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
	Bluetooth, ×ÒÏÄÅ MAC-ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×.  üÔÏÔ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ
	ÄÌÑ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ.  áÄÒÅÓÕ BD_ADDR ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÉÔØ
	ÕÄÏÂÎÏÅ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÉÍÑ.  æÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/bluetooth/hosts</filename>
	ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÈÏÓÔÁÈ Bluetooth.  ÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ
	ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÉÍÑ, ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÏÅ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÍÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Õ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>hccontrol -n ubt0hci remote_name_request 00:80:37:29:19:a4</userinput>
BD_ADDR: 00:80:37:29:19:a4
Name: Pav's T39</screen>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÏÐÒÏÓ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÍ Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å, ÎÏ ×ÁÛ
	ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÐÏÚÎÁÎ ËÁË <quote>your.host.name (ubt0)</quote>.
	éÍÑ, ÎÁÚÎÁÞÁÅÍÏÅ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Õ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ × ÌÀÂÏÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
	ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ.</para>

      <para>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ Bluetooth ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÕÓÌÕÇÉ ÐÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍ ÔÉÐÁ
	ÔÏÞËÁ-ÔÏÞËÁ (ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÙ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ä×Á ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á Bluetooth)
	ÉÌÉ ÔÏÞËÁ-ËÏ-ÍÎÏÇÉÍ-ÔÏÞËÁÍ.  ÷ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
	ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÍÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ Bluetooth.  ÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ
	ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÄÌÑ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
	ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>hccontrol -n ubt0hci read_connection_list</userinput>
Remote BD_ADDR    Handle Type Mode Role Encrypt Pending Queue State
00:80:37:29:19:a4     41  ACL    0 MAST    NONE       0     0 OPEN</screen>

      <para>éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (<emphasis>connection handle</emphasis>)
	ÐÏÌÅÚÅÎ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÒÅËÒÁÔÉÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.  úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
	ÎÅÔ ÎÕÖÄÙ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ.  óÔÅË ÂÕÄÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÒÁÚÒÙ×ÁÔØ
	ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>hccontrol -n ubt0hci disconnect 41</userinput>
Connection handle: 41
Reason: Connection terminated by local host [0x16]</screen>

      <para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ <command>hccontrol help</command>
	ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ HCI-ËÏÍÁÎÄ.  âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ËÏÍÁÎÄ
	HCI ÄÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÐÒÁ× ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)</title>

      <indexterm><primary>L2CAP</primary></indexterm>

      <para>ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ L2CAP (Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol)
	ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÕÓÌÕÇÉ ÐÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ Ó ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ, ËÁË ÏÒÉÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ
	ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÔÁË É ÂÅÚ ÏÒÉÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ, ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁÍ ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÙÓÏËÏÇÏ
	ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÍÕÌØÔÉÐÌÅËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ ÐÏ
	ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ É ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÂÏÒËÅ.  L2CAP ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁÍ ÂÏÌÅÅ
	×ÙÓÏËÏÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ É ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÔØ É ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
	L2CAP ÄÌÉÎÏÊ ÄÏ 64 ëÂÁÊÔ.</para>

      <para>L2CAP ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ ËÏÎÃÅÐÃÉÉ <emphasis>ËÁÎÁÌÏ×</emphasis>.  ëÁÎÁÌÏÍ
	Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÒÁÄÉÏËÁÎÁÌÕ.
	ëÁÖÄÙÊ ËÁÎÁÌ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÁÎ Ë ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ ÐÏ ÐÒÉÎÃÉÐÕ
	ÍÎÏÇÉÅ-Ë-ÏÄÎÏÍÕ.  îÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ËÁÎÁÌÏ× ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÁÎÙ Ë ÏÄÎÏÍÕ É
	ÔÏÍÕ ÖÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ, ÎÏ ËÁÎÁÌ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÁÎ Ë ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÍ
	ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁÍ.  ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÁËÅÔ L2CAP, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÍÙÊ ËÁÎÁÌÏÍ, ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍÕ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÙÓÏËÏÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ.  îÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ËÁÎÁÌÏ×
	ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÎÏ É ÔÏ ÖÅ ÒÁÄÉÏÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎ ÕÚÅÌ Netgraph ÔÉÐÁ
	<emphasis>l2cap</emphasis>.  õÚÅÌ L2CAP ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÕÚÌÕ
	Bluetooth HCI (ÎÉÖÅÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ) É ÕÚÌÁÍ Bluetooth-ÓÏËÅÔÏ× (×ÙÛÅÓÔÏÑÝÉÅ).
	ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÕÚÌÁ L2CAP ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ
	<quote>devicel2cap</quote>.  äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ
	ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÐÏ &man.ng.l2cap.4;.</para>

      <para>ðÏÌÅÚÎÏÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ &man.l2ping.8;, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ.  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
	ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ Bluetooth ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÅ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ, ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÍÙÅ ÉÍ,
	ÔÁË ÞÔÏ <literal>0 bytes</literal> × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ - ÜÔÏ
	ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ.</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>l2ping -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4</userinput>
0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=0 time=48.633 ms result=0
0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=1 time=37.551 ms result=0
0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=2 time=28.324 ms result=0
0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=3 time=46.150 ms result=0</screen>

      <para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.l2control.8; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ
	ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ Ó ÕÚÌÁÍÉ L2CAP.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÓÐÉÓÏË
	ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ (ËÁÎÁÌÏ×) É ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÒÁÄÉÏÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
	ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>l2control -a 00:02:72:00:d4:1a read_channel_list</userinput>
L2CAP channels:
Remote BD_ADDR     SCID/ DCID   PSM  IMTU/ OMTU State
00:07:e0:00:0b:ca    66/   64     3   132/  672 OPEN
&prompt.user; <userinput>l2control -a 00:02:72:00:d4:1a read_connection_list</userinput>
L2CAP connections:
Remote BD_ADDR    Handle Flags Pending State
00:07:e0:00:0b:ca     41 O           0 OPEN</screen>

      <para>åÝ£ ÏÄÎÉÍ ÄÉÁÇÎÏÓÔÉÞÅÓËÉÍ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ &man.btsockstat.1;.
	ïÎÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ, ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ
	&man.netstat.1;, ÎÏ ÓÏ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁÍÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÒÁÂÏÔÏÊ × ÓÅÔÉ
	Bluetooth.  ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÎÉÖÅ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÅ ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÏÅ
	ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ É Ó &man.l2control.8; ×ÙÛÅ.</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>btsockstat</userinput>
Active L2CAP sockets
PCB      Recv-Q Send-Q Local address/PSM       Foreign address   CID   State
c2afe900      0      0 00:02:72:00:d4:1a/3     00:07:e0:00:0b:ca 66    OPEN
Active RFCOMM sessions
L2PCB    PCB      Flag MTU   Out-Q DLCs State
c2afe900 c2b53380 1    127   0     Yes  OPEN
Active RFCOMM sockets
PCB      Recv-Q Send-Q Local address     Foreign address   Chan DLCI State
c2e8bc80      0    250 00:02:72:00:d4:1a 00:07:e0:00:0b:ca 3    6    OPEN</screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ RFCOMM</title>

      <indexterm><primary>RFCOMM</primary></indexterm>

      <para>ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ RFCOMM ÜÍÕÌÉÒÕÅÔ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ
	L2CAP.  ïÎ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ ETSI-ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÅ TS 07.10.  RFCOMM ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
	ÓÏÂÏÊ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÔÒÁÎÓÐÏÒÔÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ, Ó ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÐÏ
	ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ 9 ÃÅÐÅÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ× RS-232 (EIATIA-232-E).
	ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ RFCOMM ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÄÏ 60 ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ (ËÁÎÁÌÏ×
	RFCOMM) ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÍÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ Bluetooth.</para>

      <para>÷ ÒÁÍËÁÈ RFCOMM ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ Ä×Á
	ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÈ (ËÏÎÅÞÎÙÅ ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ
	ÔÏÞËÉ) Ó ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏÍ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÎÉÍÉ.  RFCOMM ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ
	ÄÌÑ ÓÏËÒÙÔÉÑ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÈ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×,
	× ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÏÎÉ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÙ.  ëÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔ ÐÏ ÓÕÔÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	Bluetooth-Ó×ÑÚØÀ ÏÔ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á Ë ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ (ÐÒÑÍÏÅ
	ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ).</para>

      <para>RFCOMM ÉÍÅÅÔ ÄÅÌÏ Ó ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅÍ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÐÒÑÍÏÇÏ
	ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÉÌÉ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ É ÍÏÄÅÍÏÍ × ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ.  RFCOMM
	ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ, ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË ÍÏÄÕÌÉ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ
	ÞÅÒÅÚ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÕÀ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÀ Bluetooth Ó ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ É
	ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÅ ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ.</para>

      <para>÷Ï &os; ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ RFCOMM ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÓÏËÅÔÏ×
	Bluetooth.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Pairing of Devices</title>

      <indexterm><primary>pairing</primary></indexterm>

      <para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ Ó×ÑÚØ Bluetooth ÎÅ ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÌÀÂÏÅ
	ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂÝÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÌÀÂÙÍ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ.  õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï Bluetooth
	(ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÓÏÔÏ×ÙÊ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎ) ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ
	ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ (× ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÕÓÌÕÇÕ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ
	ÐÏ ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÌÉÎÉÉ).  Bluetooth-ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ
	ÞÅÒÅÚ <emphasis>PIN-ËÏÄÙ</emphasis>.  PIN-ËÏÄ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÉÚ ÓÅÂÑ
	ASCII-ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÄÌÉÎÏÊ ÄÏ 16 ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×.  ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÏÂÑÚÁÎ ××ÅÓÔÉ ÏÄÉÎ É
	ÔÏÔ ÖÅ PIN-ËÏÄ ÎÁ ÏÂÏÉÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÈ.  ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÎ ××ÅÄ£Ô PIN-ËÏÄ,
	ÏÂÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÀÔ <emphasis>ËÌÀÞ Ó×ÑÚÉ</emphasis>.  ðÏÓÌÅ
	ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÌÀÞ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈÒÁΣΠÌÉÂÏ × ÓÁÍÏÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å, ÌÉÂÏ ÎÁ
	ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅ.  ÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÒÁÚ ÏÂÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÂÕÄÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÒÁÎÅÅ ÓÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ËÌÀÞ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.  ðÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÁÑ ×ÙÛÅ,
	ÎÏÓÉÔ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ <emphasis>ÐÏÄÇÏÎËÉ ÐÁÒÙ</emphasis> (pairing).  úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ,
	ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ ËÌÀÞ Ó×ÑÚÉ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÉÚ ÓÔÏÒÏÎ, ÔÏ ÐÏÄÂÏÒ ÐÁÒÙ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ
	ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÅÎ.</para>

      <para>úÁ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÕ ×ÓÅÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× ÎÁ Bluetooth-ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÀ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ
	ÄÁÅÍÏÎ &man.hcsecd.8;.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
	<filename>/etc/bluetooth/hcsecd.conf</filename>.  ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ,
	ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÇÏ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÓÏÔÏ×ÏÍ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÅ Ó Ñ×ÎÏ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÍ PIN-ËÏÄÏÍ
	<quote>1234</quote> ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎ ÎÉÖÅ:</para>

      <programlisting>device {
        bdaddr  00:80:37:29:19:a4;
        name    "Pav's T39";
        key     nokey;
        pin     "1234";
      }</programlisting>

      <para>ëÒÏÍÅ ÄÌÉÎÙ, ÎÁ PIN-ËÏÄÙ ÎÅ ÎÁËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ.
	îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, Bluetooth-ÇÁÒÎÉÔÕÒÙ) ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØ
	ÆÉËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÊ PIN-ËÏÄ.  ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-d</option>
	ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ &man.hcsecd.8; ËÁË ÎÅÆÏÎÏ×ÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ÞÔÏ ÏÂÌÅÇÞÁÅÔ
	ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÊ.  úÁÄÁÊÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÎÏÇÏ ËÌÀÞÁ ÎÁ
	ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å É ÉÎÉÃÉÉÒÕÊÔÅ Bluetooth-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó ÜÔÉÍ
	ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ.  õÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÄÉÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÙ É
	ÚÁÐÒÏÓÉÔØ PIN-ËÏÄ.  ÷×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÙÊ ËÏÄ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
	<filename>hcsecd.conf</filename>.  ôÅÐÅÒØ ×ÁÛ ðë É ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
	ÓÐÁÒÅÎÙ.  áÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÃÉÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ
	ÐÁÒÙ ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å.</para>

      <para>÷Ï &os; 5.5, 6.1 É × ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ, ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
	ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ Ë <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ÞÔÏÂÙ
	<application>hcsecd</application> ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÌÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓÔÁÒÔÁ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ:</para>

      <programlisting>hcsecd_enable="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>îÉÖÅ ÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ×ÙÄÁÞÉ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <application>hcsecd</application>:</para>

<programlisting>hcsecd[16484]: Got Link_Key_Request event from 'ubt0hci', remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4
hcsecd[16484]: Found matching entry, remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4, name 'Pav's T39', link key doesn't exist
hcsecd[16484]: Sending Link_Key_Negative_Reply to 'ubt0hci' for remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4
hcsecd[16484]: Got PIN_Code_Request event from 'ubt0hci', remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4
hcsecd[16484]: Found matching entry, remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4, name 'Pav's T39', PIN code exists
hcsecd[16484]: Sending PIN_Code_Reply to 'ubt0hci' for remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4</programlisting>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)</title>

      <indexterm><primary>SDP</primary></indexterm>

      <para>ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× SDP ÄÁ£Ô ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÍ
	ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØ ÐÏÉÓË ÕÓÌÕÇ, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÎÙÍÉ
	ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË ÜÔÉÈ ÕÓÌÕÇ.  ÷ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÁÔÒÉÂÕÔÏ×
	ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÉÐ ËÌÁÓÓÁ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ É ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï
	ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÅ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÅ, ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ.</para>

      <para>SDP ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÉ ÍÅÖÄÕ SDP-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ É SDP-ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ.
	óÅÒ×ÅÒ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ
	ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ.  ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ Ï ÕÓÌÕÇÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ
	ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÏÄÎÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÅ.  ëÌÉÅÎÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÉÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÏÂ
	ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÅ, ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍ SDP-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ, ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÑ SDP-ÚÁÐÒÏÓ.
	åÓÌÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÏÅ Ó ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ, ÒÅÛÁÔ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
	ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏÍ, ÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÔËÒÙÔØ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÅ
	ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Õ, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÅÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ.  SDP ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
	ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÌÕÇ É ÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÄÁ£Ô ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×.</para>

      <para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ SDP-ËÌÉÅÎÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÐÏÉÓË ÕÓÌÕÇ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
	ÖÅÌÁÅÍÙÈ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË ÕÓÌÕÇ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ
	×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÔÉÐÏ× ÕÓÌÕÇ, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ SDP-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ,
	ÎÅ ÉÍÅÑ ÎÉËÁËÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈÓÑ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁÈ.  ôÁËÏÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ
	×ÓÅÈ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÍÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <emphasis>ÏÂÚÏÒÏÍ</emphasis>
	(browsing).</para>

      <para>Bluetooth SDP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ &man.sdpd.8; É ËÌÉÅÎÔ Ó ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏÍ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ &man.sdpcontrol.8; ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ × ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÕÀ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ËÕ
	&os;.  ÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ, ËÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ
	ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ÎÁ SDP-ÏÂÚÏÒ.</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sdpcontrol -a 00:01:03:fc:6e:ec browse</userinput>
Record Handle: 00000000
Service Class ID List:
        Service Discovery Server (0x1000)
Protocol Descriptor List:
        L2CAP (0x0100)
                Protocol specific parameter #1: u/int/uuid16 1
                Protocol specific parameter #2: u/int/uuid16 1

Record Handle: 0x00000001
Service Class ID List:
        Browse Group Descriptor (0x1001)

Record Handle: 0x00000002
Service Class ID List:
        LAN Access Using PPP (0x1102)
Protocol Descriptor List:
        L2CAP (0x0100)
        RFCOMM (0x0003)
                Protocol specific parameter #1: u/int8/bool 1
Bluetooth Profile Descriptor List:
        LAN Access Using PPP (0x1102) ver. 1.0
</screen>

      <para>... É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.  úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ
	ÁÔÒÉÂÕÔÏ× (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ËÁÎÁÌ RFCOMM).  ÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÇÄÅ-ÔÏ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÁÔÒÉÂÕÔÙ.  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ
	Bluetooth ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× É ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÔØ ÐÕÓÔÏÊ
	ÓÐÉÓÏË.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÅÎ ÐÏÉÓË ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÊ ÕÓÌÕÇÉ.  ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ
	ÎÉÖÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ, ËÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÏÉÓË ÓÌÕÖÂÙ OBEX Object Push
	(OPUSH):</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sdpcontrol -a 00:01:03:fc:6e:ec search OPUSH</userinput></screen>

      <para>÷Ï &os; ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ Bluetooth ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ &man.sdpd.8;.  ÷Ï &os; 5.5, 6.1 É × ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ, ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ
	ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>sdpd_enable="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ <application>sdpd</application> ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ
	Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sdpd start</userinput></screen>

      <para>÷Ï &os; 6.0, É ×Ï &os; 5.X ÐÅÒÅÄ 5.5,
	<application>sdpd</application> ÎÅ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ × ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  ïÎ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sdpd</userinput></screen>

      <para>ðÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ, ÖÅÌÁÀÝÅÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ
	Bluetooth ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÍ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ, ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÕÅÔ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
	ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ SDP.  ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ &mdash; &man.rfcomm.pppd.8;.
	ðÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÏÎÏ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÕÅÔ Bluetooth LAN ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
	ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ SDP.</para>

      <para>óÐÉÓÏË ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, ÚÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ SDP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ,
	ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎ ÐÕÔÅÍ ×ÙÄÁÞÉ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒ SDP ÞÅÒÅÚ
	ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÙÊ ËÁÎÁÌ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sdpcontrol -l browse</userinput></screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>äÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÓÅÔÉ ÐÏ ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÌÉÎÉÉ Ó×ÑÚÉ (DUN) É ÐÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ
	PPP (LAN)</title>

      <para>íÏÄÕÌØ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÙÍ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÏÍ Ë ÓÅÔÉ (DUN - Dial-Up
	Networking) × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ Ó ÍÏÄÅÍÁÍÉ É ÓÏÔÏ×ÙÍÉ
	ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÁÍÉ.  üÔÏÔ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÐÏËÒÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÌÕÞÁÉ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>ÓÏÔÏ×ÙÊ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎ ÉÌÉ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏÍ
	    × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ
	    ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ × éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ, ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ
	    ÕÓÌÕÇÅ;</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÓÏÔÏ×ÙÊ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎ ÉÌÉ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉ£ÍÁ
	    ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>íÏÄÕÌØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÓÅÔÉ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ PPP (Network Access with
	PPP - LAN) ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑÈ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ì÷ó ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á;</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ì÷ó ÄÌÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×;</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Ó×ÑÚØ ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÍÑ ðë (ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ PPP ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ
	    ÜÍÕÌÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÁÎÁÌÁ Ó×ÑÚÉ).</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>÷Ï &os; ÏÂÁ ÓÌÕÞÁÑ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ
	&man.ppp.8; É &man.rfcomm.pppd.8; - ÜÔÏ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔÞÉË, ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÀÝÉÊ
	RFCOMM-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Bluetooth × ÎÅÞÔÏ, Ó ÞÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ PPP.  ðÅÒÅÄ
	ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÍÏÄÕÌØ, × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ
	PPP-ÍÅÔËÁ.  ðÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ Ë
	&man.rfcomm.pppd.8;.</para>

      <para>÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ &man.rfcomm.pppd.8; ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ
	ÏÔËÒÙÔÉÑ RFCOMM-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ë ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÍÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Õ Ó BD_ADDR
	00:80:37:29:19:a4 ÎÁ DUN RFCOMM-ËÁÎÁÌÅ.  òÅÁÌØÎÙÊ ÎÏÍÅÒ RFCOMM-ËÁÎÁÌÁ
	ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÞÅÒÅÚ SDP.  ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ
	RFCOMM-ËÁÎÁÌ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ, É × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ &man.rfcomm.pppd.8; ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ SDP-ÚÁÐÒÏÓ.  äÌÑ ÎÁÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ RFCOMM-ËÁÎÁÌÁ ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÍ
	ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ &man.sdpcontrol.8;.</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rfcomm_pppd -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4 -c -C dun -l rfcomm-dialup</userinput></screen>

      <para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ Network Access with PPP (LAN),
	ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ &man.sdpd.8;.  ÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ
	ÄÌÑ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× LAN.  ðÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÓÐÒÁ×ËÅ ÐÏ
	&man.rfcomm.pppd.8;.   îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ RFCOMM PPP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÎÁ
	ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍ ÎÏÍÅÒÅ ËÁÎÁÌÁ RFCOMM.  óÅÒ×ÅÒ RFCOMM PPP Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
	ÚÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÕÅÔ Bluetooth LAN ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ SDP ÄÁÅÍÏÎ.
	÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÎÉÖÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ RFCOMM PPP.</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rfcomm_pppd -s -C 7 -l rfcomm-server</userinput></screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>OBEX Object Push (OPUSH) Profile</title>

      <indexterm><primary>OBEX</primary></indexterm>

      <para>OBEX Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÍÅÖÄÕ ÍÏÂÉÌØÎÙÍÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ.  ÷ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÏÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ×
	ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÑÈ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÉÎÆÒÁËÒÁÓÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÍÅÖÄÕ
	ÎÏÕÔÂÕËÁÍÉ ÉÌÉ ëðë, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÓÙÌËÉ ×ÉÚÉÔÎÙÈ
	ËÁÒÔÏÞÅË ÉÌÉ ËÁÌÅÎÄÁÒÎÙÈ ÐÌÁÎÏ× ÍÅÖÄÕ ÓÏÔÏ×ÙÍÉ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÁÍÉ É
	ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ Ó ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ
	ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÁÍÉ.</para>

      <para>óÅÒ×ÅÒ É ËÌÉÅÎÔ OBEX ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ × ×ÉÄÅ ÐÁËÅÔÁ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÅÇÏ
	ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁ <application>obexapp</application>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ
	× ×ÉÄÅ ÐÏÒÔÁ <filename role="package">comms/obexapp</filename>.</para>

      <para>ëÌÉÅÎÔ OBEX ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÙÌËÉ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉ£ÍÁ ÏÂßÅËÔÏ× Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ
	OBEX.  ïÂßÅËÔÏÍ, Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÉÚÉÔÎÁÑ ËÁÒÔÏÞËÁ ÉÌÉ
	ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ.  ëÌÉÅÎÔ OBEX ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÎÏÍÅÒ RFCOMM-ËÁÎÁÌÁ, ÕËÁÚÁ×
	×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÎÅÇÏ ÉÍÑ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ.  ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ: IrMC,
	FTRN É OPUSH.  ëÁÎÁÌ RFCOMM ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÎÏÍÅÒÏÍ.  îÉÖÅ ÄÁ£ÔÓÑ
	ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÓÅÁÎÓÁ OBEX, ÇÄÅ Ó ÓÏÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÁ ÚÁÂÉÒÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÂßÅËÔ Ó
	ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å, Á ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÏÂßÅËÔ (×ÉÚÉÔÎÁÑ ËÁÒÔÏÞËÁ)
	ÐÅÒÅÄÁ£ÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÓÏÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÁ.</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>obexapp -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4 -C IrMC</userinput>
obex&gt; get telecom/devinfo.txt devinfo-t39.txt
Success, response: OK, Success (0x20)
obex&gt; put new.vcf
Success, response: OK, Success (0x20)
obex&gt; di
Success, response: OK, Success (0x20)</screen>

      <para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ OBEX Push, ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ &man.sdpd.8;.  äÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎ
	ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÔØÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÓÔÕÐÁÀÝÉÅ ÏÂßÅËÔÙ.
	ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÙÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	<filename>/var/spool/obex</filename>.  îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ OBEX
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÎÁ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍ ÎÏÍÅÒÅ ËÁÎÁÌÁ RFCOMM.  OBEX ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ
	Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÕÅÔ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ OBEX Object Push ÞÅÒÅÚ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
	ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ SDP.  ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÎÉÖÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ
	OBEX-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ.</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>obexapp -s -C 10</userinput></screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ðÒÏÆÉÌØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ (SPP)</title>

      <para>ðÒÏÆÉÌØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ (SPP - Serial Port Profile) ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
	Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÀ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ
	RS232 (ÉÌÉ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏÇÏ).  üÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÆÉÌØ ÐÏËÒÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÌÕÞÁÉ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ
	ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÕÎÁÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ Ó Bluetooth × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÚÁÍÅÎÙ
	ËÁÂÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÀ, ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÁÂÓÔÒÁËÃÉÑ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
	ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ.</para>

      <para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.rfcomm.sppd.1; ÒÅÁÌÉÚÕÅÔ ÐÒÏÆÉÌØ
	ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ.  ÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ.  ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÎÉÖÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ
	Ë ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÕ Serial Port ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á.  úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÎÅ
	ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÅ RFCOMM-ËÁÎÁÌ - &man.rfcomm.sppd.1; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÅÇÏ Ó
	ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÞÅÒÅÚ SDP.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÜÔÏ,
	ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ RFCOMM-ËÁÎÁÌ Ñ×ÎÏ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ.</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rfcomm_sppd -a 00:07:E0:00:0B:CA -t /dev/ttyp6</userinput>
rfcomm_sppd[94692]: Starting on /dev/ttyp6...</screen>

      <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÁË
	ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cu -l ttyp6</userinput></screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>òÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ</title>

      <sect3>
	<title>õÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÎÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ</title>

	<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÅ Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ
	  ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÒÏÌÅÊ.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ËÏÇÄÁ &os; ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÏÅ
	  ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ, ÏÎÁ ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÒÏÌÉ É ÓÔÁÔØ ×ÅÄÕÝÉÍ
	  ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ.  õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ, ÎÅ ÓÍÏÇÕÔ
	  ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ.  úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÒÏÌÅÊ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ,
	  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÒÏÌÅÊ.  îÁ
	  ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÒÏÌÅÊ ÐÒÉ
	  ÐÏÍÏÝÉ HCI-ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>hccontrol -n ubt0hci write_node_role_switch 0</userinput></screen>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>þÔÏ-ÔÏ ÉÄ£Ô ÎÅ ÔÁË, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ, ÞÔÏ × ÔÏÞÎÏÓÔÉ
	  ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ?</title>

	<para>äÁ, ÍÏÖÎÏ.  ÷ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ÐÁËÅÔÏÍ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁ,
	  <application>hcidump</application> ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ × ×ÉÄÅ ÐÏÒÔÁ
	  <filename role="package">comms/hcidump</filename>.  õÔÉÌÉÔÁ
	  <application>hcidump</application> ÐÏÈÏÖÁ ÎÁ &man.tcpdump.1;.  ïÎÁ
	  ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÎÁ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ
	  Bluetooth-ÐÁËÅÔÏ× É ÓÂÒÁÓÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ Bluetooth × ÆÁÊÌ.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-bridging">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Steve</firstname>
	  <surname>Peterson</surname>
	  <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>íÏÓÔÙ</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</title>

      <indexterm><primary>ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ IP</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÍÏÓÔ</primary></indexterm>
      <para>éÎÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔØ ÏÄÎÕ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÕÀ ÓÅÔØ (ÔÁËÕÀ, ËÁË
	ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔ Ethernet) ÎÁ Ä×Á ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁ ÓÅÔÉ ÂÅÚ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ
	ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÅÊ IP É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ
	ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏ×.  õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÑÅÔ Ä×Å ÓÅÔÉ ÎÁ ÔÁËÏÊ ÍÁÎÅÒ,
	ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <quote>ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÍÏÓÔÏÍ</quote> (<quote>bridge</quote>).
	óÉÓÔÅÍÁ FreeBSD Ó Ä×ÕÍÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍÉ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÍÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÓÔÕÐÁÔØ × ÒÏÌÉ
	ÍÏÓÔÁ.</para>

      <para>íÏÓÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÉÚÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ MAC (ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×
	Ethernet) ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÉÚ Ó×ÏÉÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁÈ.
	ïÎ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÔÒÁÆÉË ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÍÑ ÓÅÔÑÍÉ, ÔÏÌØËÏ ËÏÇÄÁ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ
	ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔÅÌÑ É ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔÅÌÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÑÈ.</para>

      <para>ðÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÍ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍ ÍÏÓÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ, ËÁË ËÏÍÍÕÔÁÔÏÒ Ethernet
	Ó ÍÁÌÙÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>óÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÏÓÔÙ</title>

      <para>îÁ ÓÅÇÏÄÎÑÛÎÉÊ ÄÅÎØ ÅÓÔØ Ä×Å ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÍÏÓÔ.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>âÏÌØÛÏÊ ÔÒÁÆÉË × ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÅ</title>

	<para>ðÅÒ×ÁÑ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×ÁÛÁ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÓÅÔØ ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÖÅÎÁ
	  ÔÒÁÆÉËÏÍ, ÎÏ ÐÏ ËÁËÉÍ-ÔÏ ÓÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑÍ ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÔØ ÓÅÔØ
	  ÎÁ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ É ÓÏÅÄÉÎÑÔØ ÉÈ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ.</para>

	<para>äÁ×ÁÊÔÅ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ ÇÁÚÅÔÕ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ
	  ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÓËÉÊ É ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÏÔÄÅÌÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÄÎÏÊ É ÔÏÊ ÖÅ
	  ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ.  ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ × ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÓËÏÍ ÏÔÄÅÌÅ ×ÓÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ
	  <hostid>A</hostid> ÄÌÑ ÓÌÕÖ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÆÁÊÌÁÍ, Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ
	  ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÏÔÄÅÌÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ <hostid>B</hostid>.  äÌÑ
	  ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÅÔØ Ethernet, Á ×ÙÓÏËÁÑ
	  ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ÎÁ ÓÅÔØ ÚÁÍÅÄÌÑÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ.</para>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÓËÏÇÏ ÏÔÄÅÌÁ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÂÒÁÎÙ ×
	  ÏÄÎÏÍ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÅ ÓÅÔÉ, Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÏÔÄÅÌÁ ×
	  ÄÒÕÇÏÍ, ÔÏ Ä×Á ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÍÏÓÔÏÍ.  ôÏÌØËÏ
	  ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÔÒÁÆÉË, ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× Ó
	  <quote>ÄÒÕÇÏÊ</quote> ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÍÏÓÔÁ, ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØÓÑ × ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ÓÅÔØ,
	  ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ ÓÎÉÖÁÑ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>óÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÜËÒÁÎ Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÆÉÌØÔÒÁÃÉÉ/ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ
	  ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ</title>

	<indexterm><primary>ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÜËÒÁÎ</primary></indexterm>

	<indexterm><primary>NAT</primary></indexterm>

	<para>÷ÔÏÒÏÊ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁΣÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÅÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ ×
	  ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÜËÒÁÎÁ ÂÅÚ ÔÒÁÎÓÌÑÃÉÉ
	  ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× (NAT).</para>

	<para>äÌÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÚÑÔØ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÕÀ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÀ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÁ
	  Ë Ó×ÏÅÍÕ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÕ ÐÏ ËÁÎÁÌÕ DSL ÉÌÉ ISDN.  äÌÑ ÎÅ£ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒ
	  ×ÙÄÅÌÉÌ 13 ÇÌÏÂÁÌØÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÄÌÑ ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈÓÑ × ÓÅÔÉ 10
	  ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌØÎÙÈ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×.  ÷ ÔÁËÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ
	  ÜËÒÁÎÁ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ ÚÁÔÒÕÄÎÅÎÏ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó
	  ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÎÁ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ.</para>

	<indexterm><primary>ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ</primary></indexterm>
	<indexterm><primary>DSL</primary></indexterm>
	<indexterm><primary>ISDN</primary></indexterm>
	<para>âÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÍÏÓÔÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ É ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ
	  ÍÅÖÄÕ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁÍÉ DSL/ISDN ÂÅÚ ËÁËÉÈ-ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó
	  IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÍÏÓÔÁ</title>

      <sect3>
	<title>÷ÙÂÏÒ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ</title>

	<para>äÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÍÏÓÔÁ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ Ä×Á ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ.
	  ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÎÅ ×ÓÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ
	  ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÍÏÓÔÁ.  ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ &man.bridge.4; ÄÌÑ
	  ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÅÊ Ï ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÈ.</para>

	<para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔØ, ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ É ÐÒÏÔÅÓÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ
	  Ä×Á ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÑÄÒÁ</primary>

	  <secondary>BRIDGE</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>äÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÍÏÓÔÁ × ÑÄÒÅ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ
	  ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ</para>

	<programlisting>options BRIDGE</programlisting>

	<para>× ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ, É ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ</title>

	<indexterm><primary>ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒ</primary></indexterm>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÏÓÔ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
	  ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÏÐÃÉÀ
	  <literal>IPFIREWALL</literal>.
	  ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <xref linkend="firewalls"/>, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÕÀ ÏÂÝÕÀ
	  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ÍÏÓÔÁ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ.</para>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉÔØ ÐÒÏÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ-IP ÐÁËÅÔÏ× (ÔÁËÉÈ,
	  ËÁË ARP) ÞÅÒÅÚ ÍÏÓÔ, ÔÏ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ,
	  ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÄÁÔØ.  üÔÏ ÏÐÃÉÑ
	  <literal>IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT</literal>.  úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ
	  ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÅ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÏÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ
	  ÎÁ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.  ðÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÕ
	  ÏÐÃÉÀ, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÐÏÎÉÍÁÅÔÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ
	  ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ</title>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÏÓÔ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÍÁÛÉÎÙ,
	  ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÀÝÅÊ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÕÀ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØ, ÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × ÆÁÊÌ
	  ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÏÐÃÉÀ <literal>DUMMYNET</literal>.  äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ
	  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÞÅÒÐÎÕÔØ ÉÚ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ
	  &man.dummynet.4;.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>÷ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ÍÏÓÔÁ</title>

      <para>äÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ</para>

      <programlisting>net.link.ether.bridge.enable=1</programlisting>

      <para>× ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> ÄÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ
	ÍÏÓÔÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, É ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>

      <programlisting>net.link.ether.bridge.config=<replaceable>if1</replaceable>,<replaceable>if2</replaceable></programlisting>

      <para>ÄÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ÍÏÓÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× (ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ
	<replaceable>if1</replaceable> É <replaceable>if2</replaceable> ÎÁ
	ÉÍÅÎÁ Ä×ÕÈ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ×).  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
	ÐÒÏÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÍÏÓÔ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÆÉÌØÔÒÏ×ÁÌÉÓØ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ &man.ipfw.8;,
	×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ:</para>

      <programlisting>net.link.ether.bridge.ipfw=1</programlisting>

      <para>äÌÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ &os;, ÐÒÅÄÛÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ &os;&nbsp;5.2-RELEASE, ÎÕÖÎÏ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>

      <programlisting>net.link.ether.bridge=1
net.link.ether.bridge_cfg=<replaceable>if1</replaceable>,<replaceable>if2</replaceable>
net.link.ether.bridge_ipfw=1</programlisting>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ</title>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ÎÁ ÍÏÓÔ ÞÅÒÅÚ
	&man.ssh.1; ÉÚ ÓÅÔÉ, ÔÏ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÉÔØ ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÉÚ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
	ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ.  ïÂÝÅÐÒÉÎÑÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÏÂÏÉÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ
	ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÓÁÍÏÊ ÈÏÒÏÛÅÊ ÉÄÅÅÊ.</para>

      <para>åÓÌÉ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÍÏÓÔÏ×, ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
	ÂÏÌÅÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÌÀÂÙÍÉ Ä×ÕÍÑ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÍÉ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÑÍÉ.  ó
	ÔÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÔÏÞËÉ ÚÒÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ
	spanning tree.</para>

      <para>óÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÍÏÓÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÉ × ÚÁÍÅÒÁÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
	&man.ping.8;, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÍÑ ÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ
	ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁÍÉ.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-diskless">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Jean-Fran&ccedil;ois</firstname>
	  <surname>Dock&egrave;s</surname>
	  <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Alex</firstname>
	  <surname>Dupre</surname>
	  <contrib>òÅÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÌ É ÕÌÕÞÛÉÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>òÁÂÏÔÁ Ó ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÑÍÉ</title>

    <indexterm><primary>ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÂÅÚ ÄÉÓËÁ</primary></indexterm>

    <para>íÁÛÉÎÁ Ó FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ É ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÂÅÚ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ
      ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ <acronym>NFS</acronym>.
      ëÒÏÍÅ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÙ ÎÉËÁËÉÅ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ
      × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  ôÁËÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÌÅÇËÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ
      ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔÙ ÕÖÅ ÇÏÔÏ×Ù:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>éÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ Ä×Á ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÈ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÐÏ
	  ÓÅÔÉ:</para>

	<itemizedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para><acronym>PXE</acronym>: óÉÓÔÅÍÁ &intel; Preboot eXecution
	      Environment Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÆÏÒÍÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÇÏ ðúõ, ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÏÇÏ ×
	      ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÉÌÉ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÎÓËÉÅ ÐÌÁÔÙ.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë
	      ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÐÏ &man.pxeboot.8; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ
	      ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</para>
	  </listitem>


	  <listitem>
	    <para>ðÏÒÔ <application>Etherboot</application> (<filename
	      role="package">net/etherboot</filename>) ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÔ ËÏÄ,
	      ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÔØÓÑ × ðúõ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ.  ëÏÄ
	      ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÏÛÉÔ × ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÊ PROM ÎÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÍ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÅ,
	      ÌÉÂÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎ Ó ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÉÌÉ ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÁ), ÉÌÉ Ó
	      ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &ms-dos;.  ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ
	      ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</itemizedlist>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ðÒÉÍÅÒÎÙÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ
	  (<filename>/usr/share/examples/diskless/clone_root</filename>)
	  ÏÂÌÅÇÞÁÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ
	  ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ.  óËÒÉÐÔ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
	  ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË, ÎÏ ÏÎ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ×ÁÍ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>óÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ×
	  <filename>/etc</filename>, ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÀÔ É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	  × ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÍ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÅ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ðÏÄËÁÞËÁ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÁ ÎÕÖÎÁ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÆÁÊÌ <acronym>NFS</acronym> ÌÉÂÏ
	  ÎÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ.  ðÒÉ
      ÜÔÏÍ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÙ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÙ, É ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ
      ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÕÄÏ×ÌÅÔ×ÏÒÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÛÉÈ ×ËÕÓÏ×.  äÁÌÅÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÙ
      ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÕÐÏÒ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÅÌÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÔÕ É
      ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ Ó ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ FreeBSD.
      ïÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÔÁËÉÅ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÉ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>âÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÅ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ
	  ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ <filename>/</filename> × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ
	  ÞÔÅÎÉÑ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ <filename>/usr</filename> ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÔÏÖÅ
	  × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ.</para>

	<para>ëÏÒÎÅ×ÁÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÐÉÅÊ
	  ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ), Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ
	  ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÞÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÍÉ ËÅÍ-ÔÏ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ
	  ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ ÉÌÉ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÏÎÁ
	  ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ.</para>

	<para>þÁÓÔÉ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
	  ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ÐÅÒÅËÒÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ
	  &man.md.4;.
	  ìÀÂÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎÙ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁÈ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ñÄÒÏ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÅÔÓÑ É ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ
	  <application>Etherboot</application> ÉÌÉ <acronym>PXE</acronym>,
	  É × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÉÚ
	  ÜÔÉÈ ÍÅÔÏÄÏ×.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <caution>
      <para>ëÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ, ÜÔÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÚÁÝÉÝÅÎÁ.  ïÎÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ×
	ÚÁÝÉÝÅÎÎÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÓÅÔÉ, Á ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÈÏÓÔÙ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ
	ÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ.</para>
    </caution>

    <para>÷ÓÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÂÙÌÁ ÐÒÏÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ Ó
      ÒÅÌÉÚÏÍ &os; 5.2.1-RELEASE.</para>

    <sect2>
      <title>ïÂÝÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ</title>

      <para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÈ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÊ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ,
	ÎÏ × ÔÏ ÖÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÌÅÇËÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÕ.  éÎÏÇÄÁ ÓÌÏÖÎÏ
	ÄÉÁÇÎÏÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÐÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÍ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ.
	îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏ-ÒÁÚÎÏÍÕ ÐÒÏÑ×ÌÑÔØ
	    ÓÅÂÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ ÂÙ×ÁÀÔ ÚÁÇÁÄÏÞÎÙ ÉÌÉ ×Ï×ÓÅ
	    ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>÷ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÎÁÎÉÑ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ
	×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÈ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ×, ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÅÓÔÉ
	ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>ëÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ
	    ËÁË ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÉÍÑ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ
	    ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ.  äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ <acronym>DHCP</acronym>
	    ÉÌÉ BOOTP.   <acronym>DHCP</acronym> ÜÔÏ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÅ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ
	    BOOTP, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÔÅ ÖÅ ÎÏÍÅÒÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ× É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ
	    ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.</para>

	  <para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ BOOTP.
	    óÅÒ×ÅÒÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ &man.bootpd.8; ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
	    &os;.</para>

	  <para>ôÅÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ, Õ <acronym>DHCP</acronym> ÅÓÔØ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï
	    ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ× ÎÁÄ BOOTP (ÌÕÞÛÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
	    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <acronym>PXE</acronym>, ÐÌÀÓ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
	    ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Á, ÎÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÅÓÑ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ë ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍ
	    ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÑÍ), É ÍÙ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ
	    <acronym>DHCP</acronym>, Ó ÜË×É×ÁÌÅÎÔÎÙÍÉ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁÍÉ
	    ÄÌÑ &man.bootpd.8;, ËÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ.  ðÒÉÍÅÒ
	    ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔ
	    <application>ISC DHCP</application> (ÒÅÌÉÚ
	    3.0.1.r12 ÂÙÌ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÎÁ ÔÅÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ).</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ëÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÕÀ ÐÁÍÑÔØ ÏÄÎÕ
	    ÉÌÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ.  éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ <acronym>TFTP</acronym>
	    ÉÌÉ <acronym>NFS</acronym>.  ÷ÙÂÏÒ ÍÅÖÄÕ
	    <acronym>TFTP</acronym> ÉÌÉ <acronym>NFS</acronym>
	    ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÍÅÓÔÁÈ.
	    þÁÓÔÏ ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÀÝÁÑÓÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÜÔÏ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÌÑ
	    ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ: <acronym>TFTP</acronym> ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
	    ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, É ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ
	    ÉÍÅÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ.  <acronym>NFS</acronym>
	    ÎÕÖÎÙ ÁÂÓÏÌÀÔÎÙÅ ÐÕÔÉ Ë ÆÁÊÌÁÍ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>îÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÅ
	    ÐÒÏÍÅÖÕÔÏÞÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ É ÑÄÒÏ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÏÂÌÁÓÔÉ
	    ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ×ÁÒÉÁÃÉÊ:</para>

	  <itemizedlist>
	    <listitem>
	      <para><acronym>PXE</acronym> ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔ &man.pxeboot.8;,
		Ñ×ÌÑÀÝÉÊÓÑ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÅÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ
		ÔÒÅÔØÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ &os;.  &man.loader.8; ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï
		ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÁÒÔÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, É ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔ
		ÉÈ × ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÄÏ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ
		ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÑÄÒÁ
		<filename>GENERIC</filename>.</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para><application>Etherboot</application>, ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
		ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔ ÑÄÒÏ, Ó ÍÅÎØÛÅÊ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÏÊ.  ÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
		ÓÏÂÒÁÔØ ÑÄÒÏ ÓÏ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ.</para>
	    </listitem>
	  </itemizedlist>

	  <para><acronym>PXE</acronym> É <application>Etherboot</application>
	    ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×Ï ÈÏÒÏÛÏ; ÔÅÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÑÄÒÏ
	    ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ &man.loader.8; ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÅ
	    ÐÒÅÄ×ÁÒÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ, ÍÅÔÏÄ <acronym>PXE</acronym>
	    ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÔÉÔÅÌÅÎ.</para>

	  <para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ <acronym>BIOS</acronym> É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁÒÔÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ
	    <acronym>PXE</acronym>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÅÇÏ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ.
	    <acronym>NFS</acronym> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.diskless.8;.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>éÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ</title>

      <sect3>
	  <title>ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ISC DHCP</title>

	  <indexterm>
	    <primary>DHCP</primary>
	    <secondary>ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ</secondary>
	  </indexterm>

	  <para>óÅÒ×ÅÒ <application>ISC DHCP</application> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÔØ
	    ËÁË ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ BOOTP, ÔÁË É ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ <acronym>DHCP</acronym>.</para>

	  <para><application>ISC DHCP 3.0</application>
	    ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÐÏÓÔÁ×ËÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	    ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÒÔ <filename
	    role="package">net/isc-dhcp3-server</filename>
	    ÉÌÉ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÁËÅÔ.</para>

	  <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ <application>ISC DHCP</application> ÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ
	    ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ
	    <filename>/usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf</filename>).  ÷ÏÔ
	    ÐÒÏËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÇÄÅ ÈÏÓÔ <hostid>margaux</hostid>
	    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ <application>Etherboot</application>, Á ÈÏÓÔ
	    <hostid>corbieres</hostid> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
	    <acronym>PXE</acronym>:</para>

	  <programlisting>
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
authoritative;

option domain-name "example.com";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.4.1;
option routers 192.168.4.1;

subnet 192.168.4.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  use-host-decl-names on; <co id="co-dhcp-host-name"/>
  option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
  option broadcast-address 192.168.4.255;

  host margaux {
    hardware ethernet 01:23:45:67:89:ab;
    fixed-address margaux.example.com;
    next-server 192.168.4.4; <co id="co-dhcp-next-server"/>
    filename "/data/misc/kernel.diskless"; <co id="co-dhcp-filename"/>
    option root-path "192.168.4.4:/data/misc/diskless"; <co id="co-dhcp-root-path"/>
  }
  host corbieres {
    hardware ethernet 00:02:b3:27:62:df;
    fixed-address corbieres.example.com;
    next-server 192.168.4.4;
    filename "pxeboot";
    option root-path "192.168.4.4:/data/misc/diskless";
  }
}
	  </programlisting>

	  <calloutlist>
	    <callout arearefs="co-dhcp-host-name">
	      <para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ <application>dhcpd</application> ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ
		ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÅËÌÁÒÁÃÉÊ <literal>host</literal> ËÁË ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÄÌÑ
		ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.  áÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÂÙÌÏ ÂÙ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ
		<literal>option host-name
		<replaceable>margaux</replaceable></literal> ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÏÂßÑ×ÌÅÎÉÊ
		<literal>host</literal>.</para>
	    </callout>

	    <callout arearefs="co-dhcp-next-server">
	      <para>äÉÒÅËÔÉ×Á <literal>next-server</literal> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ
		<acronym>TFTP</acronym> ÉÌÉ <acronym>NFS</acronym>,
		ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ ÉÌÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÑÄÒÁ
		(ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ
		ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ <acronym>DHCP</acronym>).</para>
	    </callout>

	    <callout arearefs="co-dhcp-filename">
	      <para>äÉÒÅËÔÉ×Á <literal>filename</literal> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÆÁÊÌ,
		ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ <application>Etherboot</application> ÉÌÉ
		<acronym>PXE</acronym> ÂÕÄÕÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÛÁÇÁ
		×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ.  ïÎ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÕËÁÚÁÎ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó
		ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ.
		<application>Etherboot</application> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎ
		ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <acronym>NFS</acronym> ÉÌÉ
		<acronym>TFTP</acronym>.  &os; ÐÏÒÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
		<acronym>NFS</acronym>.  <acronym>PXE</acronym> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
		<acronym>TFTP</acronym>, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÚÄÅÓØ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÀÔÓÑ
		ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÕÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× (ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁ×ÉÓÅÔØ ÏÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË
		<acronym>TFTP</acronym> ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ÎÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÔÉÐÉÞÎÏ).
		ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, <acronym>PXE</acronym> ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔ
		<filename>pxeboot</filename>, Á ÎÅ ÑÄÒÏ.  óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
		ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ
		<filename>pxeboot</filename> ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ
		<filename role="directory">/boot</filename> &os; CD-ROM
		(ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ &man.pxeboot.8; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØ
		<filename>GENERIC</filename> ÑÄÒÏ, ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ
		ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ Ó ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ CD-ROM).</para>
	    </callout>

	    <callout arearefs="co-dhcp-root-path">
	      <para>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <literal>root-path</literal> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÐÕÔØ Ë
		ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, × ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÎÏÔÁÃÉÉ
		<acronym>NFS</acronym>.  ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
		<acronym>PXE</acronym>, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ IP ÈÏÓÔÁ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍ,
		ÅÓÌÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÑÄÒÁ BOOTP ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ.  úÁÔÅÍ
		<acronym>NFS</acronym> ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÁË ÖÅ,
		ËÁË É <acronym>TFTP</acronym>.</para>
	    </callout>
	  </calloutlist>
	</sect3>

	<sect3>
	  <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ BOOTP</title>

	  <indexterm>
	    <primary>BOOTP</primary>
	    <secondary>ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ</secondary>
	  </indexterm>

	  <para>äÁÌÅÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÁ ÜË×É×ÁÌÅÎÔÎÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
	    <application>bootpd</application> (ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ).
	    ïÎÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ×
	    <filename>/etc/bootptab</filename>.</para>

	  <para>ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÏÔÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ <application>Etherboot</application>
	    ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎ Ó ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÅÊ
	    <literal>NO_DHCP_SUPPORT</literal> ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÙÌÏ
	    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ BOOTP, É ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ <acronym>PXE</acronym>
	    <emphasis>ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ</emphasis> <acronym>DHCP</acronym>.
	    åÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÏÞÅ×ÉÄÎÙÍ
	    ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×ÏÍ <application>bootpd</application> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÅÇÏ
	    ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ × ÐÏÓÔÁ×ËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>

	  <programlisting>
.def100:\
  :hn:ht=1:sa=192.168.4.4:vm=rfc1048:\
  :sm=255.255.255.0:\
  :ds=192.168.4.1:\
  :gw=192.168.4.1:\
  :hd="/tftpboot":\
  :bf="/kernel.diskless":\
  :rp="192.168.4.4:/data/misc/diskless":

margaux:ha=0123456789ab:tc=.def100
	  </programlisting>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
	  <application>Etherboot</application></title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>Etherboot</primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para><ulink url="http://etherboot.sourceforge.net">óÁÊÔ
	  Etherboot</ulink> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ <ulink
	  url="http://etherboot.sourceforge.net/doc/html/userman/t1.html">
	  ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÕÀ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ</ulink>, × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÕÀ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ
	  Linux, ÎÏ ÎÅÓÏÍÎÅÎÎÏ, ÏÎÁ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÁ.  äÁÌÅÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ËÒÁÔËÏ
	  ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ, ËÁË ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	  <application>Etherboot</application> × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD.</para>

	<para>óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÁËÅÔ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÒÔ <filename
	  role="package">net/etherboot</filename>.</para>

	<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ
	  <application>Etherboot</application> (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	  <acronym>TFTP</acronym> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <acronym>NFS</acronym>) ÐÕÔÅÍ
	  ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>Config</filename>
	  × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×
	  <application>Etherboot</application>.</para>

	<para>÷ ÎÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ ÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ.  äÌÑ
	  ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÍÅÔÏÄÏ× (PROM ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ &ms-dos;) ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë
	  ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ ÐÏ <application>Etherboot</application>.</para>

	<para>äÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ × ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄ ÎÁ
	  ÍÁÛÉÎÅ, ÇÄÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ <application>Etherboot</application>, ÚÁÔÅÍ
	  ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>src</filename> × ÄÅÒÅ×Å
	  <application>Etherboot</application> É ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ:</para>

	<screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>gmake bin32/<replaceable>devicetype</replaceable>.fd0</userinput>
	</screen>

	<para><replaceable>devicetype</replaceable> ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ÔÉÐÁ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ
	  Ethernet ÎÁ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ
	  <filename>NIC</filename> × ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ
	  ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÇÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ
	  <replaceable>devicetype</replaceable>.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>úÁÇÒÕÚËÁ Ó <acronym>PXE</acronym></title>

	<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, &man.pxeboot.8; ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔ ÑÄÒÏ ÞÅÒÅÚ
	  <acronym>NFS</acronym>.  ïÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÄÌÑ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÎÅÇÏ <acronym>TFTP</acronym> ÐÕÔÅÍ
	  ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ <literal>LOADER_TFTP_SUPPORT</literal> ×
	  <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>.  óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÉ ×
	  ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</filename>.</para>

	<para>åÓÔØ Ä×Á ÎÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ
	  <filename>make.conf</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙ ÄÌÑ
	  ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ Ó ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌØÀ:
	  <literal>BOOT_PXELDR_PROBE_KEYBOARD</literal>, É
	  <literal>BOOT_PXELDR_ALWAYS_SERIAL</literal>.</para>

	<para>äÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <acronym>PXE</acronym> ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ
	  ×ÁÍ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <literal>Boot from
	  network</literal> (ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ) × ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁÈ
	  <acronym>BIOS</acronym>, ÉÌÉ ÎÁÖÁÔØ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÕÀ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ ×Ï
	  ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ PC.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× <acronym>TFTP</acronym> É <acronym>NFS</acronym></title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>TFTP</primary>
	  <secondary>ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>NFS</primary>
	  <secondary>ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ <acronym>PXE</acronym> ÉÌÉ
	  <application>Etherboot</application>, ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÅ ÄÌÑ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <acronym>TFTP</acronym>, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ
	  <application>tftpd</application> ÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ:</para>

	<procedure>
	  <step>
	    <para>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ, ÆÁÊÌÙ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ
	      <application>tftpd</application>, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
	      <filename>/tftpboot</filename>.</para>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>äÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × ×ÁÛ <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> ÔÁËÕÀ
	      ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ:</para>

	    <programlisting>tftp	dgram	udp	wait	root	/usr/libexec/tftpd	tftpd -l -s /tftpboot</programlisting>

	    <note>
	      <para>âÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÍ <acronym>PXE</acronym>
		ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ <acronym>TCP</acronym>-×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ
		<acronym>TFTP</acronym>.  ÷ ÔÁËÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ×ÔÏÒÕÀ
		ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ, ÚÁÍÅÎÑÀÝÕÀ
		<literal>dgram udp</literal> ÎÁ <literal>stream
		tcp</literal>.</para>
	    </note>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>óÏÏÂÝÉÔÅ <application>inetd</application> Ï ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ
	      ÐÅÒÅÞÉÔÁÔØ Ó×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ.
	      æÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÕ
	      <option>inetd_enable="YES"</option> ÄÌÑ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ
	      ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ</para>
	    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/inetd restart</userinput></screen>
	  </step>
	</procedure>

	<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>tftpboot</filename> × ÌÀÂÏÍ
	  ÍÅÓÔÅ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ.  ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÍÅÓÔÏÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ ËÁË ×
	  <filename>inetd.conf</filename>, ÔÁË É ×
	  <filename>dhcpd.conf</filename>.</para>

	<para>÷Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ, ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ
	  <acronym>NFS</acronym> É ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	  ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ
	  <acronym>NFS</acronym>.</para>

	<procedure>
	  <step>
	    <para>äÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ ×
	      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

	    <programlisting>nfs_server_enable="YES"</programlisting>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>üËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎ
	      ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÄÌÑ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ, ÄÏÂÁ×É×
	      ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × <filename>/etc/exports</filename> (ÐÏÄÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ
	      ÔÏÞËÕ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ <replaceable>margaux
	      corbieres</replaceable>
	      ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÈ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÊ):</para>

	    <programlisting><replaceable>/data/misc</replaceable> -alldirs -ro <replaceable>margaux corbieres</replaceable></programlisting>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>úÁÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ <application>mountd</application> ÐÅÒÅÞÉÔÁÔØ
	      ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÞÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ.  îÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÌÏÓØ ÎÁ
	      ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÛÁÇÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ <acronym>NFS</acronym> × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ÔÏ
	      ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ.</para>

	    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/mountd restart</userinput></screen>
	  </step>
	</procedure>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ ÑÄÒÁ ÄÌÑ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ</primary>
	  <secondary>ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÑÄÒÁ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <application>Etherboot</application>, ×ÁÍ
	  ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÑÄÒÁ ÄÌÑ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ
	  ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ ÓÏ
	  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ (×ÄÏÂÁ×ÏË Ë ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ):</para>

	<programlisting>
options     BOOTP          # Use BOOTP to obtain IP address/hostname
options     BOOTP_NFSROOT  # NFS mount root filesystem using BOOTP info
	</programlisting>

	<para>÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	  <literal>BOOTP_NFSV3</literal>, <literal>BOOT_COMPAT</literal>
	  É <literal>BOOTP_WIRED_TO</literal>
	  (ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>NOTES</filename>).</para>

	<para>üÔÉ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÓÌÏÖÉÌÉÓØ ÉÓÔÏÒÉÞÅÓËÉ, É ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ
	  ××ÅÓÔÉ × ÚÁÂÌÕÖÄÅÎÉÅ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔ ÎÅÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏÅ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <acronym>DHCP</acronym> É BOOTP × ÑÄÒÅ (×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
	  ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ BOOTP
	  ÉÌÉ <acronym>DHCP</acronym> use).</para>

	<para>ðÏÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ (ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>) É
	  ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÅÇÏ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ ×
	  <filename>dhcpd.conf</filename>.</para>

	<note><para>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <acronym>PXE</acronym>, ÓÂÏÒËÁ ÑÄÒÁ
	  Ó ×ÙÛÅÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÏ×ÅÒÛÅÎÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÊ
	  (ÈÏÔÑ ÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÁ).  ÷ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÔ Ë
	  ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÀ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á <acronym>DHCP</acronym> ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ
	  ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÑÄÒÁ, Ó ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÒÉÓËÏÍ ÎÅÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ
	  É ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ, ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÙÈ &man.pxeboot.8; × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÏÓÏÂÙÈ
	  ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ.  ðÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
	  ÐÏÂÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÜÆÆÅËÔÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ.  éÎÁÞÅ ×ÁÍ
	  ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
	  × ËÌÉÅÎÔ-ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>rc.conf</filename>.</para>
	</note>

	<note><para>äÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ Ó
	    <application>Etherboot</application>, × ÑÄÒÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
	    ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï hints.  ÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
	    × ÆÁÊÌÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ (ÓÍ. ÆÁÊÌ
	    ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÅ× <filename>NOTES</filename>):</para>

	  <programlisting>hints		"GENERIC.hints"</programlisting>
	</note>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>ËÏÒÎÅ×ÁÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ</primary>
	  <secondary>ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>÷ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ
	  ÒÁÂÏÞÉÈ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÊ, × ÍÅÓÔÏÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÉ, ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÍ ËÁË
	  <literal>root-path</literal> ×
	  <filename>dhcpd.conf</filename>.</para>

	<sect4>
	  <title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ
	    <command>make world</command></title>

	  <para>üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ
	    ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ (ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÕÀ) ×
	    <envar>DESTDIR</envar>.  ÷ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ,
	    ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ:</para>

	  <programlisting>#!/bin/sh
export DESTDIR=/data/misc/diskless
mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}
cd /usr/src; make buildworld &amp;&amp; make buildkernel
cd /usr/src/etc; make distribution</programlisting>

	  <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÜÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
	    ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> É
	    <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÎÙÅ ×
	    <envar>DESTDIR</envar>, × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ×ÁÛÉÍÉ
	    ÐÏÔÒÅÂÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ.</para>
	</sect4>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÏÂÌÁÓÔÉ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ</title>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ, ÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ, ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ, ÍÏÖÎÏ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ <acronym>NFS</acronym>.</para>

	<sect4>
	  <title>ðÏÄËÁÞËÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ <acronym>NFS</acronym></title>

	  <para>îÁ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÑÄÒÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ
	    <acronym>NFS</acronym>.  ðÏÄËÁÞËÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÁ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
	    ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×, ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÀÝÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÐÒÉÇÏÄÎÕÀ ÄÌÑ
	    ÚÁÐÉÓÉ É ÓÏÚÄÁÀÝÉÈ ÎÁ ÎÅÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ.  äÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	    ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ
	    ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=<replaceable>/path/to/swapfile</replaceable> bs=1k count=1 oseek=<replaceable>100000</replaceable></userinput></screen>

	  <para>äÌÑ ÁËÔÉ×ÁÃÉÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ × ÆÁÊÌ
	    <filename>rc.conf</filename> ÓÔÒÏËÕ</para>

	  <programlisting>swapfile=<replaceable>/path/to/swapfile</replaceable></programlisting>
        </sect4>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>òÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ</title>

	<sect4>
	  <title>òÁÂÏÔÁ Ó <filename>/usr</filename>, ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÊ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ
	    ÞÔÅÎÉÑ</title>

	  <indexterm>
	    <primary>ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ</primary>
	    <secondary>/usr ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ</secondary>
	  </indexterm>

	  <para>åÓÌÉ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÞÁÑ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÕÓË X, ×ÁÍ
	    ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏÄÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÞÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÌÑ
	    <application>XDM</application>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
	    ÐÏÍÅÝÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ÏÛÉÂÏË × <filename>/usr</filename>.</para>
	</sect4>

	<sect4>
	  <title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÎÅ-FreeBSD ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ</title>

	  <para>åÓÌÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ Ó ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÅ ÐÏÄ
	    ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ FreeBSD, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ
	    ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ FreeBSD, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÅ × ÎÕÖÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÏ,
	    ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ <command>tar</command> ÉÌÉ
	    <command>cpio</command>.</para>

	  <para>÷ ÔÁËÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÓÏ
	    ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ × <filename>/dev</filename> ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÏÊ
	    ÒÁÚÒÑÄÎÏÓÔÉ ÃÅÌÙÈ ÞÉÓÅÌ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÁÒÛÅÇÏ/ÍÌÁÄÛÅÇÏ ÞÉÓÅÌ.  òÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ
	    ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ Ó ÎÅ-FreeBSD
	    ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ Ó FreeBSD É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
	    &man.devfs.5; ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÐÒÏÚÒÁÞÎÏ
	    ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
	</sect4>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-isdn">
    <title>ISDN</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ISDN</primary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>ðÏÌÅÚÎÙÍ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÏÍ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÉ ISDN É ÅÇÏ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÍ
      ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ <ulink
      url="http://www.alumni.caltech.edu/~dank/isdn/">
      óÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ äÜÎÁ ëÅÇÅÌÁ (Dan Kegel) Ï ISDN</ulink>.</para>

    <para>âÙÓÔÒÏÅ ××ÅÄÅÎÉÅ × ISDN:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÖÉ×£ÔÅ × å×ÒÏÐÅ, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÉÚÕÞÉÔØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
	  ÏÂ ISDN-ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÈ.</para>
      </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ISDN × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ
	Ó éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ ÐÏ ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÍÕ, ÎÅ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÍÕ
	ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÀ, ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÙÈ
	ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÈ.  üÔÏ ÄÁÓÔ ×ÁÍ ÓÁÍÕÀ ÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÇÉÂËÏÓÔØ É ÎÁÉÍÅÎØÛÅÅ
	ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ÐÒÉ ÓÍÅÎÅ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ.</para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÅÔÅ Ä×Å ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÉ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÔÅÓØ Ë
	éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏÅ ISDN-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ, ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ó×ÏÊ
	×ÙÂÏÒ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÍ ÍÏÓÔÅ/ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÅ.</para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>

  <para>óÔÏÉÍÏÓÔØ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÆÁËÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÂÏÒÅ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ.
    äÁÌÅÅ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ ×ÓÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ÄÅÛÅ×ÏÇÏ ÄÏ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ÄÏÒÏÇÏÇÏ
    ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÁ.</para>

    <sect2 id="network-isdn-cards">
      <sect2info>
	<authorgroup>
	  <author>
	    <firstname>Hellmuth</firstname>
	    <surname>Michaelis</surname>
	    <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	  </author>
	</authorgroup>
      </sect2info>

      <title>áÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ISDN</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ISDN</primary>
	<secondary>ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>òÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ ISDN ×Ï FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔ DSS1/Q.931
	(ÉÌÉ å×ÒÏ-ISDN) ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×.
	ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ, ÐÒÏÛÉ×ËÉ
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÉÇÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ; ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÀÄÁ
	×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ISDN Primary Rate (PRI).</para>

      <para>ðÁËÅÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ <application>isdn4bsd</application> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ
	ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁÍ ISDN ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ IP ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ DHLC,
	ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÇÏ PPP; ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ PPP ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÑÄÒÁ Ó
	<literal>isppp</literal>, ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ &man.sppp.4;, ÉÌÉ
	ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÇÏ
	&man.ppp.8;.  ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÇÏ &man.ppp.8; ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä×ÕÈ É ÂÏÌØÛÅÇÏ ÞÉÓÌÁ B-ËÁÎÁÌÏ× ISDN.  ôÁËÖÅ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ
	ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÅ ËÁË Á×ÔÏÏÔ×ÅÔÞÉË, É ÍÎÏÇÏ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ, ÔÁËÉÈ, ËÁË
	ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÊ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÎÁ 300 âÏÄ.</para>

      <para>÷Ï FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ×ÏÚÒÁÓÔÁÀÝÅÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ISDN ÄÌÑ
	ðë, É ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÏ ×ÓÅÊ å×ÒÏÐÅ
	É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÞÁÓÔÑÈ Ó×ÅÔÁ.</para>

      <para>éÚ ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ISDN ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
	ÓÄÅÌÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ Infineon (ÂÙ×ÛÉÊ Siemens) ISAC/HSCX/IPAC
	ISDN, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ISDN Ó ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍÁÍÉ ÏÔ Cologne Chip (ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ
	ÛÉÎÙ ISA), ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ PCI Ó ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍÁÍÉ Winbond W6692, ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
	ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ Ó ÎÁÂÏÒÏÍ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ Tiger300/320/ISAC É ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×,
	ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÆÉÒÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÁÈ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ, ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË AVM Fritz!Card
	PCI V.1.0 É AVM Fritz!Card PnP.</para>

      <para>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÉÚ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ISDN ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ AVM B1
	(ISA É PCI) ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ BRI É AVM T1 PCI ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ PRI.</para>

      <para>äÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ <application>isdn4bsd</application> ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ×
	ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/usr/share/examples/isdn/</filename> ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	FreeBSD ÉÌÉ ÎÁ <ulink url="http://www.freebsd-support.de/i4b/">ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÊ
	ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ isdn4bsd</ulink>, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÙ ÓÓÙÌËÉ ÎÁ ÓÏ×ÅÔÙ,
	ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÏÛÉÂËÁÍ É ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÎÁ <ulink
	url="http://people.FreeBSD.org/~hm/">ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ÐÏ
	isdn4bsd</ulink>.</para>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ
	ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ× ISDN, ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ISDN ÄÌÑ
	PC ÉÌÉ ËÁËÉÈ-ÔÏ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÕÓÏ×ÅÒÛÅÎÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑÈ
	<application>isdn4bsd</application>, ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, Ó×ÑÖÉÔÅÓØ Ó
	&a.hm;.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÅÎÉÑ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ×, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÏÊ É
	ÕÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅÍ ÎÅÉÓÐÒÁ×ÎÏÓÔÅÊ <application>isdn4bsd</application>,
	ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ &a.isdn.name;.</para>

      <para><literal>subscribe freebsd-isdn</literal></para>
    </sect2>

  <sect2>
    <title>ôÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ISDN</title>

    <para>ôÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ (TA) ÄÌÑ ISDN ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÔ ÔÕ ÖÅ ÒÏÌØ, ÞÔÏ É
      ÍÏÄÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÎÙÈ ÌÉÎÉÊ.</para>

    <indexterm><primary>ÍÏÄÅÍ</primary></indexterm>

    <para>âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï TA ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ AT-ËÏÍÁÎÄ Hayes-ÍÏÄÅÍÏ×,
      É ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÚÁÍÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÍÏÄÅÍÏ×.</para>

    <para>TA ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É ÍÏÄÅÍÙ, ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ
      ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ É ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ
      ×ÙÛÅ, ÞÅÍ Õ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÓÔÁÒÏÇÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ.  ÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ <link
      linkend="ppp">PPP</link> ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ, ËÁË É × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
      ÍÏÄÅÍÁ.  ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÚÁÄÁÌÉ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ
      ÐÏÒÔÁ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏ ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ.</para>

    <indexterm><primary>PPP</primary></indexterm>
    <para>çÌÁ×ÎÙÍ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ TA ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÕ
      éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ PPP.  ôÁË
      ËÁË ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× IP ÉÓÔÏÝÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÂÏÌØÛÅ, ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï
      ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÏ× ÎÅ ÈÏÞÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÔØ ×ÁÍ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ.
      âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÖÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÏ× ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÅ
      ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×.</para>

    <para>TA ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ PPP, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÉÚ-ÚÁ
      ÅÇÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ É ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.  üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD ÌÅÇËÏ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÎÁ ISDN, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÕÖÅ
      ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ PPP.  ïÄÎÁËÏ, × ÔÏÖÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÌÀÂÙÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
      ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀÔ Ó ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ PPP, ÏÔÒÁÖÁÀÔÓÑ É ÚÄÅÓØ.</para>

    <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÊ ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÏÓÔÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ <link
      linkend="ppp">PPP</link> ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ÑÄÒÁ, Á ÎÅ <link
      linkend="userppp">ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ PPP</link>.</para>

    <para>éÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ TA ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó FreeBSD:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>Motorola BitSurfer É Bitsurfer Pro</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Adtran</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÈ TA, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÔÏÖÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ,
      ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÉ TA ÐÒÉÌÁÇÁÀÔ ×ÓÅ ÕÓÉÌÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ
      ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ AT-ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ.</para>

    <para>ëÁË É × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÍÏÄÅÍÏ× ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÎÅÛÎÅÇÏ TA Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
      ÐÏÔÒÅÂÎÏÓÔØ × ÈÏÒÏÛÅÍ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÍ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÅ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ
      ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ.</para>

    <para>÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÕÞÅÂÎÉË <ulink
      url="&url.articles.serial-uart;/index.html">ðÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
      ×Ï FreeBSD</ulink> ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ × ÄÅÔÁÌÑÈ ÐÏÎÑÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ
      ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× É ÏÓÏÚÎÁÔØ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÁÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÍÉ É
      ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ ÐÏÒÔÁÍÉ.</para>

    <para>TA, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÊ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÍ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍ (ÁÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÍ) ÐÏÒÔÏÍ
      PC, ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÁÓ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØÀ 115.2&nbsp;ëÂÉÔ/Ó, ÈÏÔÑ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏ Õ ×ÁÓ
      ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ 128&nbsp;ëÂÉÔ/Ó.  þÔÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
      128&nbsp;ëÂÉÔ/Ó, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ISDN, ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
      ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØ TA Ë ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÕ.</para>

    <para>îÅ ÏÂÍÁÎÙ×ÁÊÔÅ ÓÅÂÑ, ÄÕÍÁÑ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏËÕÐËÁ ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÏÇÏ TA ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ
      ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÓÔÉ/ÁÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÓÔÉ.  ÷ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÅ TA ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
      ÕÖÅ ÉÍÅÀÔ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ PC.  ÷ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ
      ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÅÔÓÑ - ÜÔÏ ÜËÏÎÏÍÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ
      ËÁÂÅÌÑ É ÜÌÅËÔÒÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÒÏÚÅÔËÉ.</para>

    <para>óÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÊ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ Ó TA ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ ÔÁË ÖÅ ÂÙÓÔÒ, ËÁË É
      ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ, Á ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÐÏÄ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ
      ËÌÁÓÓÁ 386 Ó FreeBSD, ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÇÉÂËÏÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ.</para>

    <para>÷ÙÂÏÒ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ/TA ÉÌÉ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÇÏ
      ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ × ÂÏÌØÛÅÊ ÓÔÅÐÅÎÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÒÅÌÉÇÉÏÚÎÙÍ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏÍ.  ðÏ ÜÔÏÍÕ
      ÐÏ×ÏÄÕ × ÓÐÉÓËÁÈ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ ÂÙÌÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÄÉÓËÕÓÓÉÑ.  òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÐÏÉÓËÁÔØ
      × <ulink url="&url.base;/search/index.html">ÁÒÈÉ×ÁÈ</ulink> ÏÂÓÕÖÄÅÎÉÅ
      ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ.</para>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
    <title>ïÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ ÍÏÓÔÙ/ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÙ ISDN</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ISDN</primary>
      <secondary>ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏ ÓÔÏÑÝÉÅ ÍÏÓÔÙ/ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÙ</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>íÏÓÔÙ ÉÌÉ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÙ ISDN ÎÅ ÔÁË ÕÖ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÙ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD
      ÉÌÉ ÄÌÑ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  äÌÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÇÏ
      ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ É ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÍÏÓÔÏ×, ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ,
      ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁÍ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÑÍ.</para>

    <para>÷ ËÏÎÔÅËÓÔÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÙ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ É ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÍÏÓÔ ÂÕÄÕÔ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÁË ×ÚÁÉÍÏÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÍÙÅ.</para>

    <para>÷ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÐÁÄÅÎÉÅÍ ÃÅÎ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÅ ÍÏÓÔÙ/ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÙ ISDN, ÏÎÉ
      ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÑÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÙÍÉ.  íÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ ISDN ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
      ÓÏÂÏÊ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÕÀ ËÏÒÏÂÏÞËÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ×
      ×ÁÛÕ ÓÅÔØ Ethernet, É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó×ÑÚØ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÍÏÓÔÏÍ/ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÏÍ.
      ÷Ó£ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÏ PPP É ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁÍ
      ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÏ × ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ.</para>

    <para>íÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ ÏÂÌÁÄÁÅÔ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅÊ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØÀ, ÞÅÍ
      ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ TA, ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÐÏÌÎÏÅ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ
      ISDN.</para>

    <para>ïÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ Ó ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁÍÉ É ÍÏÓÔÁÍÉ ISDN Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ,
      ÞÔÏ ÉÈ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ Ó ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ
      ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÄ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏÍ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÅÓØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÕ,
      ÔÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÏÂÓÕÄÉÔØ Ó ÎÉÍ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ.</para>

    <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ Ä×Á ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
      ÄÏÍÁÛÎÀÀ ÓÅÔØ Ó ÓÅÔØÀ ÏÆÉÓÁ, ÜÔÏ ÓÁÍÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ Ó ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÍÉ
      ÉÚÄÅÒÖËÁÍÉ ÎÁ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÎÉÅ.  ôÁË ËÁË ×Ù ÐÏËÕÐÁÅÔÅ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ
      ÏÂÏÉÈ ÓÔÏÒÏÎ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÂÙÔØ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ, ÞÔÏ Ó×ÑÚØ ÂÕÄÅÔ
      ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ.</para>

    <para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ ÉÌÉ ÓÅÔÉ
      ÐÏÄÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅÔÉ ÃÅÎÔÒÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÏÆÉÓÁ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÁËÁÑ
      ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ:</para>

    <example>
      <title>ïÆÉÓ ÐÏÄÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÑÑ ÓÅÔØ</title>

      <indexterm><primary>10 base 2</primary></indexterm>
      <para>óÅÔØ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ × ÔÏÐÏÌÏÇÉÉ ÏÂÝÅÊ ÛÉÎÙ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å 10 base 2 Ethernet
	(<quote>thinnet</quote> - <quote>ÔÏÎËÉÊ Ethernet</quote>).  ðÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅ
	ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ Ë ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÍÕ ËÁÂÅÌÀ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÔÒÁÎÓÉ×ÅÒÁ AUI/10BT, ÅÓÌÉ
	ÜÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ.</para>

      <mediaobject>
	<imageobject>
	  <imagedata fileref="advanced-networking/isdn-bus"/>
	</imageobject>

	<textobject>
	  <literallayout class="monospaced">---òÁÂÏÞÁÑ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÑ Sun
|
---íÁÛÉÎÁ Ó FreeBSD
|
---Windows 95
|
ïÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ
   |
ëÁÎÁÌ ISDN BRI</literallayout>
	</textobject>

	<textobject>
	  <phrase>10 Base 2 Ethernet</phrase>
	</textobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ÉÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÏÆÉÓ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÏÄÉÎ
	ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ, ÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÕ ×Ù
	×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÉÔÕÀ ÐÁÒÕ Ó ÐÅÒÅËÒÅÓÔÎÙÍ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍ.</para>
    </example>

    <example>
      <title>ãÅÎÔÒÁÌØÎÙÊ ÏÆÉÓ ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÁÑ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÁÑ ÓÅÔØ</title>

      <indexterm><primary>10 base T</primary></indexterm>
      <para>óÅÔØ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ × ÔÏÐÏÌÏÇÉÉ Ú×ÅÚÄÙ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å 10 Base T Ethernet
	(<quote>×ÉÔÁÑ ÐÁÒÁ</quote>).</para>

      <mediaobject>
	<imageobject>
	  <imagedata fileref="advanced-networking/isdn-twisted-pair"/>
	</imageobject>

	<textobject>
	  <literallayout class="monospaced">    -------óÅÒ×ÅÒ Novell
    | H |
    |	---Sun
    |	|
    | U ---FreeBSD
    |	|
    |	---Windows 95
    | B |
    |___---ïÔÄÅÌØÎÏ ÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ
		|
	 ëÁÎÁÌ ISDN BRI</literallayout>
	</textobject>

	<textobject>
	  <phrase>óÈÅÍÁ ÓÅÔÉ Ó ISDN</phrase>
	</textobject>
      </mediaobject>
    </example>

    <para>ïÄÎÉÍ ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÏ×/ÍÏÓÔÏ×
      Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÉÍÅÔØ 2 <emphasis>ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ
      ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÈ</emphasis> ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ PPP Ë 2 ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍ ÓÁÊÔÁÍ
      <emphasis>ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ</emphasis>.  üÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å
      TA, ËÒÏÍÅ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÈ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÄÏÒÏÇÉÈ) ÍÏÄÅÌÅÊ, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈ ÐÏ Ä×Á
      ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÁ.  îÅ ÐÕÔÁÊÔÅ ÜÔÏ Ó ÂÁÌÁÎÓÉÒÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÉ,
      MPP É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.</para>

    <para>üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ×ÅÓØÍÁ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏÊ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØÀ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ
      Õ ×ÁÓ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏÅ ISDN-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ × ×ÁÛÅÍ ÏÆÉÓÅ, É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ
      ÉÍ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ËÁÎÁÌ
      ISDN ÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ.  íÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ, ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÎÙÊ × ÏÆÉÓÅ, ÍÏÖÅÔ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ËÁÎÁÌÕ B (64&nbsp;ëÂÉÔ/Ó) ÄÌÑ
      éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ,
      É ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ËÁÎÁÌ B ÄÌÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ
      ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  ÷ÔÏÒÏÊ ËÁÎÁÌ B ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ, ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ
      É ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉ ÒÁÓÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÍÙÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ (MPP É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ) ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ Ó
      ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ ËÁÎÁÌÏÍ B ÄÌÑ ÐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>

    <indexterm><primary>IPX/SPX</primary></indexterm>
    <para>íÏÓÔ Ethernet ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
      ÔÒÁÆÉË IP.  ÷Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÔØ IPX/SPX É ÌÀÂÙÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ.</para>
  </sect2>
</sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-natd">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Chern</firstname>

	  <surname>Lee</surname>

	  <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>äÁÅÍÏÎ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× (natd)</title>

    <sect2 id="network-natoverview">
      <title>ïÂÚÏÒ</title>
      <indexterm>
	<primary><application>natd</application></primary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>äÁÅÍÏÎ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× (Network Address
	Translation) ×Ï FreeBSD, ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ËÁË &man.natd.8;, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ IP-ÐÁËÅÔÙ, ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔ ÁÄÒÅÓ
	ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔÅÌÑ ÎÁ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ É ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÜÔÉ ÐÁËÅÔÙ
	× ÐÏÔÏËÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.  &man.natd.8; ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÜÔÏ, ÍÅÎÑÑ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ
	ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔÅÌÑ É ÐÏÒÔ ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ËÏÇÄÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ
	ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ, ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
	É ÐÅÒÅÓÌÁÔØ ÉÈ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÌÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÚÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏ.</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ × éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ</primary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>NAT</primary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>þÁÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ NAT ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÔÁË ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
	óÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÇÏ éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-natsetup">
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</title>

      <para>éÚ-ÚÁ ÉÓÞÅÒÐÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× × IPv4 É Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÑ
	ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ×ÙÓÏËÏÓËÏÒÏÓÔÎÙÈ ËÁÎÁÌÏ× Ó×ÑÚÉ, ÔÁËÉÈ, ËÁË
	ËÁÂÅÌØÎÏÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÉÌÉ DSL, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ × ÒÅÛÅÎÉÉ ÐÏ óÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÍÕ
	éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÒÁÓÔ£Ô.  ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
	ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ× ÞÅÒÅÚ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ É IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ
	&man.natd.8; ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÍ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ.</para>

      <para>þÁÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ Õ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÁÑ Ë ËÁÂÅÌØÎÏÍÕ
	ËÁÎÁÌÕ ÉÌÉ ËÁÎÁÌÕ DSL Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ É ÅÓÔØ ÖÅÌÁÎÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÜÔÏÔ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÊ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ×
	éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÍ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ FreeBSD, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÁÑÓÑ × éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ, ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ×ÙÓÔÕÐÁÔØ
	× ÒÏÌÉ ÛÌÀÚÁ.  üÔÁ ÛÌÀÚÏ×ÁÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÉÍÅÔØ Ä×Á ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
	ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ&mdash;ÏÄÉÎ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÕ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ, Á
	ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ì÷ó.  ÷ÓÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ
	ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ËÏÎÃÅÎÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÉÌÉ ËÏÍÍÕÔÁÔÏÒ.</para>

      <note>
       <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÐÏÄÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÕÀ ÓÅÔØ Ë
	 Internet ÞÅÒÅÚ ÛÌÀÚ &os;.  üÔÏÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÛÌÀÚ c
	 Ä×ÕÍÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍÉ ËÁÒÔÁÍÉ.</para>
      </note>

      <mediaobject>
	<imageobject>
	  <imagedata fileref="advanced-networking/natd"/>
	</imageobject>

	<textobject>
	  <literallayout class="monospaced">  _______       __________       ________
 |       |     |          |     |        |
 |  Hub  |-----| Client B |-----| Router |----- Internet
 |_______|     |__________|     |________|
     |
 ____|_____
|          |
| Client A |
|__________|</literallayout>
	</textobject>

	<textobject>
	  <phrase>óÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ÓÅÔÉ</phrase>
	</textobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>ðÏÄÏÂÎÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÇÏ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ × éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.  ïÄÎÁ ÉÚ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÈ Ë ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ
	ÓÅÔÉ ÍÁÛÉÎ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ Ë éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.  ïÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó
	éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÜÔÏÊ <quote>ÛÌÀÚÏ×ÏÊ</quote> ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-natdkernconfiguration">
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ÑÄÒÏ</primary>
	<secondary>ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ
	ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ:</para>

      <programlisting>options IPFIREWALL
options IPDIVERT</programlisting>

      <para>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>

      <programlisting>options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT
options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE</programlisting>

      <para>÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÉÅ
	ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>

      <programlisting>gateway_enable="YES" <co id="co-natd-gateway-enable"/>
firewall_enable="YES" <co id="co-natd-firewall-enable"/>
firewall_type="OPEN" <co id="co-natd-firewall-type"/>
natd_enable="YES"
natd_interface="<replaceable>fxp0</replaceable>" <co id="co-natd-natd-interface"/>
natd_flags="" <co id="co-natd-natd-flags"/></programlisting>

      <calloutlist>
	<callout arearefs="co-natd-gateway-enable">
	  <para>õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ×ÙÓÔÕÐÁÔØ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÛÌÀÚÁ.  ÷ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ
	    ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1</command>
	    ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£Ô Ë ÔÏÍÕ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÍÕ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÕ.</para>
	</callout>

	<callout arearefs="co-natd-firewall-enable">
	  <para>ðÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ
	    ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>/etc/rc.firewall</filename>.</para>
	</callout>

	<callout arearefs="co-natd-firewall-type">
	  <para>úÄÅÓØ ÚÁÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ,
	    ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ.  ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ
	    <filename>/etc/rc.firewall</filename> ÄÌÑ ÎÁÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ
	    ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÔÉÐÏ×.</para>
	</callout>

	<callout arearefs="co-natd-natd-interface">
	  <para>õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÅÒÅÚ ËÁËÏÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ
	    (ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÊ Ë éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ).</para>
	</callout>

	<callout arearefs="co-natd-natd-flags">
	  <para>ìÀÂÙÅ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ
	    ÄÁÅÍÏÎÕ &man.natd.8;.</para>
	</callout>
      </calloutlist>

      <para>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ×ÙÛÅÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
	<command>natd -interface fxp0</command>.  üÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ É
	×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ.</para>

      <note>
	<para>åÓÌÉ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ &man.natd.8; ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÍÎÏÇÏ
	  ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ.  ÷
	  ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÉÍÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÞÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÄÁÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ
	  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

	<programlisting>natd_flags="-f /etc/natd.conf"</programlisting>

	<para>æÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/natd.conf</filename> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ
	  ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÐÏ ÏÄÎÏÍÕ × ÓÔÒÏËÅ.  ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÄÌÑ
	  ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ ÉÚ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÁËÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ:</para>

	<programlisting>redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.2:6667 6667
redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.3:80 80</programlisting>

	<para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ
	  ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÉ ÐÏ &man.natd.8; ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ
	  <option>-f</option>.</para>
      </note>

      <para>ëÁÖÄÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ É ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÕ × ì÷ó ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÉÚ
	ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÞÁÓÔÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÅÊ, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÏ × <ulink
	url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1918.txt">RFC 1918</ulink>, Á ×
	ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÄÁÎ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ
	Ó <application>natd</application> ÉÚ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>

      <para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ <hostid>A</hostid> É <hostid>B</hostid> × ì÷ó
	ÉÍÅÀÔ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ <hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.0.2</hostid> É <hostid
	role="ipaddr">192.168.0.3</hostid>, Á ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ Ó natd ×
	ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÉÍÅÅÔ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ <hostid
	role="ipaddr">192.168.0.1</hostid>.  íÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ
	ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× <hostid>A</hostid> É <hostid>B</hostid> ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ
	ÍÁÛÉÎÁ Ó <application>natd</application>, ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ <hostid
	role="ipaddr">192.168.0.1</hostid>.  ÷ÎÅÛÎÉÊ, ÉÌÉ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ-ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ
	ÍÁÛÉÎÙ Ó <application>natd</application> ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÏÓÏÂÙÈ
	ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ &man.natd.8;.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-natdport-redirection">
      <title>ðÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÒÔÏ×</title>

      <para>íÉÎÕÓÏÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ &man.natd.8; Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ×
	ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ
	ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÉÚ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.  ëÌÉÅÎÔÙ × ì÷ó ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ
	ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ï ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÍÉÒ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ.  üÔÏ
	Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÓÌÕÖ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÈ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ ×
	ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.  ðÒÏÓÔÙÍ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
	ÐÏÒÔÏ× éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ Ó <application>natd</application> ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ
	ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>

      <para>ðÕÓÔØ, Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ IRC ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÅ <hostid>A</hostid>,
	Á Web-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÅ <hostid>B</hostid>.  þÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ
	ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÏ, ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÁ ÐÏÒÔÁÈ 6667 (IRC) É 80 (Web),
	ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.</para>

      <para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ &man.natd.8; ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
	<option>-redirect_port</option> Ó ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ.
	óÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ:</para>

      <programlisting>     -redirect_port proto targetIP:targetPORT[-targetPORT]
                 [aliasIP:]aliasPORT[-aliasPORT]
                 [remoteIP[:remotePORT[-remotePORT]]]</programlisting>

      <para>÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÙ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÉÍÉ:</para>

      <programlisting>    -redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.2:6667 6667
    -redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.3:80 80</programlisting>

      <para>ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ
	<emphasis>tcp</emphasis> ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>

      <para>áÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ <option>-redirect_port</option> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ
	ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÏ× ÐÏÒÔÏ×, Á ÎÅ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
	<replaceable>tcp 192.168.0.2:2000-3000 2000-3000</replaceable> ÂÕÄÅÔ
	ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÁ ÐÏÒÔÁÈ ÏÔ 2000 ÄÏ 3000,
	ÎÁ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÏÔ 2000 ÄÏ 3000 ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ <hostid>A</hostid>.</para>

      <para>üÔÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÐÒÉ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ
	&man.natd.8;, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÉÈ × ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	<literal>natd_flags=""</literal> ÆÁÊÌÁ
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ÌÉÂÏ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÔØ ÞÅÒÅÚ
	ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÈ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ
	Ë ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÐÏ &man.natd.8;</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-natdaddress-redirection">
      <title>ðÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ</title>
      <indexterm><primary>ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ</primary></indexterm>

      <para>ðÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× IP,
	É ÏÎÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ &man.natd.8; ÍÏÖÅÔ
	ÎÁÚÎÁÞÉÔØ ËÁÖÄÏÍÕ ËÌÉÅÎÔÕ ì÷ó Ó×ÏÊ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ.  úÁÔÅÍ
	&man.natd.8; ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÅÔ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ ÏÔ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÁËÅÔÙ,
	ÚÁÍÅÎÑÑ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÅ, É ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ×ÅÓØ
	ÔÒÁÆÉË, ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÍÕ ËÌÉÅÎÔÕ
	ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.  üÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÍ NAT.  ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÐÕÓÔØ
	IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ <hostid role="ipaddr">128.1.1.1</hostid>, <hostid
	role="ipaddr">128.1.1.2</hostid> É <hostid
	role="ipaddr">128.1.1.3</hostid> ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÔ ÛÌÀÚÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
	<application>natd</application>.  <hostid
	role="ipaddr">128.1.1.1</hostid> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
	×ÎÅÛÎÅÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÛÌÀÚÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ <application>natd</application>,
	ÔÏÇÄÁ ËÁË <hostid role="ipaddr">128.1.1.2</hostid> É <hostid
	role="ipaddr">128.1.1.3</hostid> ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ
	Ë ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ ì÷ó <hostid>A</hostid> É <hostid>B</hostid>.</para>

      <para>óÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓ ÄÌÑ <option>-redirect_address</option> ÔÁËÏ×:</para>

      <programlisting>-redirect_address localIP publicIP</programlisting>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	<tgroup cols="2">
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>localIP</entry>
	      <entry>÷ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>publicIP</entry>
	      <entry>÷ÎÅÛÎÉÊ IP, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ËÌÉÅÎÔÕ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <para>÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÔÁË:</para>

      <programlisting>-redirect_address 192.168.0.2 128.1.1.2
-redirect_address 192.168.0.3 128.1.1.3</programlisting>

      <para>ëÁË É ÄÌÑ <option>-redirect_port</option>, ÜÔÉ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÙ ÔÁËÖÅ
	ÐÏÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ × ÓÔÒÏËÕ <literal>natd_flags=""</literal> ÆÁÊÌÁ
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÉÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ
	ÆÁÊÌ.  ðÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÎÅÔ ÎÕÖÄÙ × ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×,
	ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ, ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÅ ÄÌÑ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ
	IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ.</para>

      <para>÷ÎÅÛÎÉÅ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ Ó <application>natd</application> ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
	ÂÙÔØ ÁËÔÉ×ÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ É Ñ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÓÉÎÏÎÉÍÁÍÉ ÄÌÑ ×ÎÅÛÎÅÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ.
	ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë &man.rc.conf.5;, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-plip">
    <title>IP ÐÏ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÒÔÕ (PLIP)</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>PLIP</primary>
    </indexterm>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>IP ÐÏ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÒÔÕ</primary>

      <see>PLIP</see>
    </indexterm>

    <para>PLIP ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÎÁÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó TCP/IP ÐÏ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÒÔÕ.  üÔÏ
      ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÍÁÛÉÎ ÂÅÚ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ÉÌÉ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁ ÌÜÐÔÏÐÙ.
      ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÍÙ ÏÂÓÕÄÉÍ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ËÁÂÅÌÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ (laplink).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ä×ÕÈ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ× ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ PLIP.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <sect2 id="network-create-parallel-cable">
      <title>óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÁÂÅÌÑ</title>

      <para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÉÏÂÒÅÓÔÉ ËÁÂÅÌØ ÄÌÑ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å
	ÍÁÇÁÚÉÎÏ×, ÔÏÒÇÕÀÝÉÈ ËÏÍÐÌÅËÔÕÀÝÉÍÉ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÔÅ, ÉÌÉ ÖÅ
	ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÎÁÔØ, ËÁË ÏÎ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ, ÔÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ
	ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁÂÅÌØ ÉÚ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÎÏÇÏ ËÁÂÅÌÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÇÏ
	ÐÏÒÔÁ.</para>

      <table frame="none">
	<title>òÁÓÐÁÊËÁ ËÁÂÅÌÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ
	  ÒÁÂÏÔÙ</title>

	<tgroup cols="5">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>A-name</entry>

	      <entry>A-End</entry>

	      <entry>B-End</entry>

	      <entry>ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ</entry>

	      <entry>Post/Bit</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>

	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry><literallayout>DATA0
-ERROR</literallayout></entry>

	      <entry><literallayout>2
15</literallayout></entry>

	      <entry><literallayout>15
2</literallayout></entry>

	      <entry>Data</entry>

	      <entry><literallayout>0/0x01
1/0x08</literallayout></entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><literallayout>DATA1
+SLCT</literallayout></entry>

	      <entry><literallayout>3
13</literallayout></entry>

	      <entry><literallayout>13
3</literallayout></entry>

	      <entry>Data</entry>

	      <entry><literallayout>0/0x02
1/0x10</literallayout></entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><literallayout>DATA2
+PE</literallayout></entry>

	      <entry><literallayout>4
12</literallayout></entry>

	      <entry><literallayout>12
4</literallayout></entry>

	      <entry>Data</entry>

	      <entry><literallayout>0/0x04
1/0x20</literallayout></entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><literallayout>DATA3
-ACK</literallayout></entry>

	      <entry><literallayout>5
10</literallayout></entry>

	      <entry><literallayout>10
5</literallayout></entry>

	      <entry>Strobe</entry>

	      <entry><literallayout>0/0x08
1/0x40</literallayout></entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><literallayout>DATA4
BUSY</literallayout></entry>

	      <entry><literallayout>6
11</literallayout></entry>

	      <entry><literallayout>11
6</literallayout></entry>

	      <entry>Data</entry>

	      <entry><literallayout>0/0x10
1/0x80</literallayout></entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>GND</entry>

	      <entry>18-25</entry>

	      <entry>18-25</entry>

	      <entry>GND</entry>

	      <entry>-</entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </table>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-plip-setup">
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ PLIP</title>

      <para>ðÒÅÖÄÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÎÁÊÔÉ laplink-ËÁÂÅÌØ.  úÁÔÅÍ
	ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁ ÏÂÏÉÈ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÈ × ÑÄÒÏ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ
	ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ &man.lpt.4;:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>grep lp /var/run/dmesg.boot</userinput>
lpt0: &lt;Printer&gt; on ppbus0
lpt0: Interrupt-driven port</screen>

      <para>õÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÒÔÏÍ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ ÐÏ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÑÍ.
	æÁÊÌ <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>
	ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>

      <programlisting>hint.ppc.0.at="isa"
hint.ppc.0.irq="7"</programlisting>

      <para>úÁÔÅÍ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÓÔÒÏËÕ
	<literal>device plip</literal>, ÉÌÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎ ÌÉ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÑÄÒÁ
	<filename>plip.ko</filename>.  ÷ ÏÂÏÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó
	ÓÅÔØÀ ÐÏ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÒÔÕ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.ifconfig.8;.</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig plip0</userinput>
plip0: flags=8810&lt;POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500</screen>

      <para>ðÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ËÁÂÅÌØ laplink Ë ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÍ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁÍ ÎÁ ÏÂÏÉÈ
	ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÈ.</para>

      <para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ Ó ÏÂÅÉÈ ÓÔÏÒÏÎ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÑ ËÁË
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <username>root</username>.  ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ
	ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÈÏÓÔ <hostid>host1</hostid>, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ
	&os;&nbsp;4.X, Ó ÈÏÓÔÏÍ <hostid>host2</hostid> ÐÏÄ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ
	&os;&nbsp;5.X:</para>

      <programlisting>                 host1 &lt;-----&gt; host2
IP Address    10.0.0.1      10.0.0.2</programlisting>

      <para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ <hostid>host1</hostid>,
	×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ×:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig plip0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2</userinput></screen>

      <para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ <hostid>host2</hostid>,
	×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ×:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig lp0 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1</userinput></screen>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.  ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ,
	ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á ÐÏ &man.lp.4; É &man.lpt.4; ÄÌÑ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ
	ÄÅÔÁÌÅÊ.</para>

      <para>÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÏÂÁ ÈÏÓÔÁ ×
	<filename>/etc/hosts</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>127.0.0.1               localhost.my.domain localhost
10.0.0.1                host1.my.domain host1
10.0.0.2                host2.my.domain</programlisting>

      <para>þÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ËÁÖÄÏÍÕ ÈÏÓÔÕ É
	×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÏÊ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
	ping.  ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ <hostid>host1</hostid>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig lp0</userinput>
lp0: flags=8851&lt;UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
	inet 10.0.0.1 --&gt; 10.0.0.2 netmask 0xff000000
&prompt.root; <userinput>netstat -r</userinput>
Routing tables

Internet:
Destination        Gateway          Flags     Refs     Use      Netif Expire
host2              host1              UH          0       0       lp0
&prompt.root; <userinput>ping -c 4 host2</userinput>
PING host2 (10.0.0.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=2.774 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.530 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=2.556 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=2.714 ms

--- host2 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.530/2.643/2.774/0.103 ms</screen>

    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-ipv6">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Aaron</firstname>
	  <surname>Kaplan</surname>
	  <contrib>ðÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>

      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	  <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	  <contrib>òÅÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÉÚÁÃÉÀ É ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ×Î£Ó </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Brad</firstname>
	  <surname>Davis</surname>
	  <contrib>òÁÓÛÉÒÉÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>IPv6</title>

    <para>IPv6 (ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ IPng <quote>IP next generation</quote> -
      ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ ÐÏËÏÌÅÎÉÅ IP) Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÅÊ ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÇÏ
      ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ IP (ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÔÁËÖÅ <acronym>IPv4</acronym>).  ëÁË É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
      ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ *BSD, FreeBSD ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÜÔÁÌÏÎÎÕÀ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÀ IPv6 ÏÔ
      KAME.  ôÁË ÞÔÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ FreeBSD ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÏ ×ÓÅÍ,
      ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÜËÓÐÅÒÉÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó IPv6.  üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£Î
      ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ É ÚÁÐÕÓËÕ × ÒÁÂÏÔÕ IPv6.</para>

    <para>÷ ÎÁÞÁÌÅ 1990-È ÌÀÄÉ ÓÔÁÌÉ ÂÅÓÐÏËÏÉÔØÓÑ Ï ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÉÓÓÑËÁÀÝÅÍ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÍ
      ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Å IPv4.  ðÒÉÎÉÍÁÑ ×Ï ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÔÅÍÐÙ ÒÏÓÔÁ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ, ÉÍÅÌÉÓØ
      ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>îÅÈ×ÁÔËÁ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×.  óÅÇÏÄÎÑ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁËÁÑ ÂÏÌØÛÁÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ, ÔÁË ËÁË
	  ÓÔÁÌÉ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÔØÓÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÄÌÑ ÞÁÓÔÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÅÊ (RFC1918)
	  (<hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.0.0/8</hostid>,
	  <hostid role="ipaddr">172.16.0.0/12</hostid> É <hostid
	  role="ipaddr">192.168.0.0/24</hostid>) É ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÑ
	  ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× (<acronym>NAT</acronym> - Network
	  Address Translation).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ôÁÂÌÉÃÙ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ× ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÑÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÓÞÕÒ ÂÏÌØÛÉÍÉ.  üÔÏ ×Ó£ ÅÝ£
	  Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ ÓÅÇÏÄÎÑ.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>IPv6 ÒÅÛÁÅÔ ÜÔÉ É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>128-ÂÉÔÎÏÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï.  äÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ, ÔÅÏÒÅÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
	  ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 ÁÄÒÅÓÁ.
	  üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÐÌÏÔÎÏÓÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ × 6.67 * 10^27 ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× IPv6 ÎÁ
	  Ë×ÁÄÒÁÔÎÙÊ ÍÅÔÒ ÎÁÛÅÊ ÐÌÁÎÅÔÙ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>íÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÈÒÁÎÉÔØ × Ó×ÏÉÈ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁÈ ÔÏÌØËÏ
	  ÁÇÒÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÓÅÔÅÊ, ÞÔÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÁÅÔ ÓÒÅÄÎÉÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ
	  ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÄÏ 8192 ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>éÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÈ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÅÊ IPv6, ÔÁËÉÈ,
      ËÁË:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ (<ulink
	  url="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2462.txt">RFC2462</ulink>)</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>çÒÕÐÐÏ×ÙÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ (<quote>ÏÄÉÎ Ë ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÍ ÉÚ
	  ÍÎÏÇÉÈ</quote>)</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ïÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÊ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>IPsec (IP security - ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÙÊ IP)</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>õÐÒÏÝ£ÎÎÁÑ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÁ</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>íÏÂÉÌØÎÙÊ <acronym>IP</acronym></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>íÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÙ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ IPv6-×-IPv4</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ïÂÚÏÒ IPv6 ÎÁ ÓÁÊÔÅ <ulink
	  url="http://playground.sun.com/pub/ipng/html/ipng-main.html">playground.sun.com</ulink></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><ulink url="http://www.kame.net">KAME.net</ulink></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><ulink url="http://www.6bone.net">6bone.net</ulink></para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <sect2>
      <title>ïÓÎÏ×Ù ÁÄÒÅÓÁÃÉÉ IPv6</title>

      <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÔÉÐÙ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× IPv6: ÏÄÎÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÙÅ (Unicast),
	ÇÒÕÐÐÏ×ÙÅ (Anycast) É ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÙÅ (Multicast).</para>

      <para>áÄÒÅÓÁ ÔÉÐÁ Unicast ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ×ÓÅÍ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙ.  ðÁËÅÔ, ÐÏÓÌÁÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ
	ÔÁËÏÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÅÔ × ÔÏÞÎÏÓÔÉ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÜÔÏÍÕ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ
	ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ.</para>

      <para>áÄÒÅÓÁ ÔÉÐÁ Anycast ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÅÏÔÌÉÞÉÍÙ ÏÔ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× Unicast,
	ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÁÄÒÅÓÕÀÔ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ×.  ðÁËÅÔ, ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÔÁËÏÍÕ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ,
	ÐÏÐÁÄ£Ô × ÂÌÉÖÁÊÛÉÊ (ÓÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ ÍÅÔÒÉËÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ) ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ.
	áÄÒÅÓÁ Anycast ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁÍÉ.</para>

      <para>áÄÒÅÓÁ ÔÉÐÁ Multicast ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÀÔ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ×.  ðÁËÅÔ,
	ÐÏÓÌÁÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ ÔÁËÏÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÅÔ ×ÓÅÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ×, ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ë
	ÇÒÕÐÐÅ ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ×ÅÝÁÎÉÑ.</para>

      <note>
	<para>ûÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ IPv4 (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ <hostid
	  role="ipaddr">xxx.xxx.xxx.255</hostid>) ×ÙÒÁÖÁÀÔÓÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍÉ
	  ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ×ÅÝÁÎÉÑ IPv6.</para>
      </note>

      <table frame="none">
	<title>úÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ IPv6</title>

	<tgroup cols="4">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>IPv6 ÁÄÒÅÓ</entry>
	      <entry>äÌÉÎÁ ÐÒÅÆÉËÓÁ (ÂÉÔÙ)</entry>
	      <entry>ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ</entry>
	      <entry>úÁÍÅÔËÉ</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>

	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry><hostid role="ip6addr">::</hostid></entry>
	      <entry>128 ÂÉÔ</entry>
	      <entry>ÎÅÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ</entry>
	      <entry>cf. <hostid role="ipaddr">0.0.0.0</hostid> ×
		IPv4</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><hostid role="ip6addr">::1</hostid></entry>
	      <entry>128 ÂÉÔ</entry>
	      <entry>loopback ÁÄÒÅÓ</entry>
	      <entry>cf. <hostid role="ipaddr">127.0.0.1</hostid> ×
		IPv4</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><hostid
		role="ip6addr">::00:xx:xx:xx:xx</hostid></entry>
	      <entry>96 ÂÉÔ</entry>
	      <entry>×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÊ IPv4</entry>
	      <entry>îÉÖÎÉÅ 32 ÂÉÔÁ ÜÔÏ ÁÄÒÅÓ IPv4.  ôÁËÖÅ
		ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <quote>IPv4 ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÍ IPv6
		ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ</quote></entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><hostid
		role="ip6addr">::ff:xx:xx:xx:xx</hostid></entry>
	      <entry>96 ÂÉÔ</entry>
	      <entry>áÄÒÅÓ IPv6, ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ IPv4</entry>
	      <entry>îÉÖÎÉÅ 32 ÂÉÔÁ ÜÔÏ ÁÄÒÅÓ IPv4.
		äÌÑ ÈÏÓÔÏ×, ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÈ IPv6.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><hostid role="ip6addr">fe80::</hostid> - <hostid
		role="ip6addr">feb::</hostid></entry>
	      <entry>10 ÂÉÔ</entry>
	      <entry>link-local</entry>
	      <entry>cf. loopback ÁÄÒÅÓ × IPv4</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><hostid role="ip6addr">fec0::</hostid> - <hostid
		role="ip6addr">fef::</hostid></entry>
	      <entry>10 ÂÉÔ</entry>
	      <entry>site-local</entry>
	      <entry>&nbsp;</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><hostid role="ip6addr">ff::</hostid></entry>
	      <entry>8 ÂÉÔ</entry>
	      <entry>ÛÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ</entry>
	      <entry>&nbsp;</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><hostid role="ip6addr">001</hostid> (ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
		2)</entry>
	      <entry>3 ÂÉÔ</entry>
	      <entry>global unicast</entry>
	      <entry>÷ÓÅ global unicast ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÐÒÉÓ×ÁÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ
		ÐÕÌÁ.  ðÅÒ×ÙÅ ÔÒÉ ÂÉÔÁ
		<quote>001</quote>.</entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </table>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>þÔÅÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× IPv6</title>

      <para>ëÁÎÏÎÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÆÏÒÍÁ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ <hostid
	role="ip6addr">x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x</hostid>, ÇÄÅ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ
	<quote>x</quote> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ 16-ÒÁÚÒÑÄÎÙÍ ÞÉÓÌÏÍ × ÛÅÓÔÎÁÄÃÁÔÅÒÉÞÎÏÊ
	ÆÏÒÍÅ.  ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, <hostid
	role="ip6addr">FEBC:A574:382B:23C1:AA49:4592:4EFE:9982</hostid></para>

      <para>þÁÓÔÏ × ÁÄÒÅÓÅ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÄÌÉÎÎÙÅ ÓÔÒÏÞËÉ, ÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÎÙÅ ÎÕÌÑÍÉ,
	ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÏÄÎÁ ÔÁËÁÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÎÁ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÁ ÄÏ
	<quote>::</quote>.  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÄÏ ÔÒÅÈ ×ÅÄÕÝÉÈ <quote>0</quote>
	ÎÁ ÛÅÓÔÎÁÄÃÁÔÅÒÉÞÎÕÀ ÞÅÔ×ÅÒËÕ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÐÕÝÅÎÙ.
	ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, <hostid role="ip6addr">fe80::1</hostid>
	ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ËÁÎÏÎÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÆÏÒÍÅ <hostid
	role="ip6addr">fe80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001</hostid>.</para>

      <para>÷ ÔÒÅÔØÅÊ ÆÏÒÍÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ 32 ÂÉÔÁ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÍ
	(ÄÅÓÑÔÉÞÎÏÍ) ÓÔÉÌÅ IPv4 Ó ÔÏÞËÁÍÉ <quote>.</quote> × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
	ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔÅÌÅÊ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <hostid
	role="ip6addr">f2002::10.0.0.1</hostid> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
	(ÛÅÓÔÎÁÄÃÁÔÅÒÉÞÎÏÍÕ) ËÁÎÏÎÉÞÅÓËÏÍÕ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÀ <hostid
	role="ip6addr">2002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0a00:0001</hostid>,
	ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ, × Ó×ÏÀ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ, ÒÁ×ÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ <hostid
	role="ip6addr">2002::a00:1</hostid>.</para>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÞÉÔÁÔÅÌØ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÎÑÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig</userinput></screen>

      <programlisting>rl0: flags=8943&lt;UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
         inet 10.0.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255
         inet6 fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1
         ether 00:00:21:03:08:e1
         media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX )
         status: active</programlisting>

      <para><hostid role="ip6addr">fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0</hostid>
	Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÍ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÍ ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ.  ïÎ
	ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ MAC ÁÄÒÅÓÁ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÊ
	ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× IPv6
	ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <ulink
	url="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3513.txt">RFC3513</ulink>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ</title>

      <para>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÄÒÕÇÉÍ
	ÈÏÓÔÁÍ É ÓÅÔÑÍ IPv6:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>ðÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÜËÓÐÅÒÉÍÅÎÔÁÌØÎÏÍÕ 6bone</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ðÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÓÅÔØ IPv6 ÏÔ ×ÙÛÅÓÔÏÑÝÅÇÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ.  äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
	    ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÁÃÉÊ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ×ÁÛÅÍÕ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÕ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ôÕÎÎÅÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ 6-×-4 (<ulink
	    url="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3068.txt">RFC3068</ulink>)</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÒÔ <filename
	    role="package">net/freenet6</filename>, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ
	    ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>úÄÅÓØ ÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë 6bone, ÔÁË ËÁË ÎÁ
	ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÜÔÏ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÙÍ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ.</para>

      <para>óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×ÚÇÌÑÎÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÓÁÊÔ <ulink
	url="http://www.6bone.net/">6bone</ulink> É ÎÁÊÄÉÔÅ ÂÌÉÖÁÊÛÕÀ Ë ×ÁÍ ÔÏÞËÕ
	ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë 6bone.  îÁÐÉÛÉÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍÕ É ÐÒÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÕÄÁÞÅ ×ÁÍ
	ÄÁÄÕÔ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.  ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ
	ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÑ GRE (gif).</para>

      <para>÷ÏÔ ÔÉÐÉÞÎÙÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÑ &man.gif.4;:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig gif0 create</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig gif0</userinput>
gif0: flags=8010&lt;POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1280
&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig gif0 tunnel <replaceable>MY_IPv4_ADDR  MY_IPv4_REMOTE_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig gif0 inet6 alias <replaceable>MY_ASSIGNED_IPv6_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR MY_IPv6_REMOTE_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR</replaceable></userinput></screen>

      <para>úÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÏ×Á, ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÁÇÌÁ×ÎÙÍÉ ÂÕË×ÁÍÉ, ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ
	×ÁÍ ÄÁÌ ×ÙÛÅÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÕÚÅÌ 6bone.</para>

      <para>ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÔÕÎÎÅÌØ.  ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ
	&man.ping6.8; Ó ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ <hostid role="ip6addr">ff02::1%gif0</hostid>.
	÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ Ä×Á ÐÏÌÏÖÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ.</para>

      <note>
	<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÒÉÇÏ×ÁÎÙ ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ <hostid
	  role="ip6addr">ff02:1%gif0</hostid>, ÓËÁÖÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÁÄÒÅÓ
	  ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ×ÅÝÁÎÉÑ.  <literal>%gif0</literal> ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ Ó ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏÍ
	  <devicename>gif0</devicename>.  ôÁË ËÁË ÍÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÍ
	  <command>ping</command> ÎÁÄ ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ×ÅÝÁÎÉÑ, ÔÏ ÄÒÕÇÁÑ
	  ÓÔÏÒÏÎÁ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÏÔ×ÅÔÉÔØ.</para>
      </note>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ Ë ×ÁÛÅÊ ×ÙÛÅÓÔÏÑÝÅÊ ÔÏÞËÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ
	6bone ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ÅÓØÍÁ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>route add -inet6 default -interface gif0</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ping6 -n <replaceable>MY_UPLINK</replaceable></userinput></screen>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>traceroute6 www.jp.FreeBSD.org</userinput>
(3ffe:505:2008:1:2a0:24ff:fe57:e561) from 3ffe:8060:100::40:2, 30 hops max, 12 byte packets
     1  atnet-meta6  14.147 ms  15.499 ms  24.319 ms
     2  6bone-gw2-ATNET-NT.ipv6.tilab.com  103.408 ms  95.072 ms *
     3  3ffe:1831:0:ffff::4  138.645 ms  134.437 ms  144.257 ms
     4  3ffe:1810:0:6:290:27ff:fe79:7677  282.975 ms  278.666 ms  292.811 ms
     5  3ffe:1800:0:ff00::4  400.131 ms  396.324 ms  394.769 ms
     6  3ffe:1800:0:3:290:27ff:fe14:cdee  394.712 ms  397.19 ms  394.102 ms</screen>

      <para>üÔÁ ×ÙÄÁÞÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ Ë ÍÁÛÉÎÅ.  ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
	ÓÕÍÅÔØ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÕÔØ ÓÁÊÔÁ IPv6 <ulink
	url="http://www.kame.net">www.kame.net</ulink> É Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÔÁÎÃÕÀÝÕÀ
	ÞÅÒÅÐÁÈÕ &mdash; × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÂÒÁÕÚÅÒ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ IPv6, ËÁË,
	ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <filename role="package">www/mozilla</filename> ÉÌÉ
	<application>Konqueror</application>,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÈÏÄÉÔ × <filename role="package">x11/kdebase3</filename>,
	ÉÌÉ <filename role="package">www/epiphany</filename>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>DNS × ÍÉÒÅ IPv6</title>

      <para>äÌÑ IPv6 ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉÓØ Ä×Á ÔÉÐÁ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ DNS.  IETF
	ÏÂßÑ×ÉÌ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ A6 ÕÓÔÁÒÅ×ÛÉÍÉ.  óÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÏÍ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
	Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ AAAA.</para>

      <para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ AAAA ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ.  îÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ×ÁÛÅÍÕ
	ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ IPv6 ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ:</para>

      <programlisting>MYHOSTNAME           AAAA    MYIPv6ADDR</programlisting>

      <para>Ë ×ÁÛÅÍÕ ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÏÍÕ ÆÁÊÌÕ DNS ÚÏÎÙ.  ÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ
	ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÏÎÙ <acronym>DNS</acronym>, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë
	×ÁÛÅÍÕ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÕ <acronym>DNS</acronym>.  éÍÅÀÝÉÅÓÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
	<application>bind</application> (×ÅÒÓÉÊ 8.3 É 9) É
	<filename role="package">dns/djbdns</filename> (Ó ÐÁÔÞÅÍ IPv6)
	ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ AAAA.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>÷ÎÅÓÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ×
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename></title>

      <sect3>
	<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× IPv6</title>

	<para>üÔÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÏÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÁÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
	  ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ÓÅÔÉ ËÁË ËÌÉÅÎÔ, Á ÎÅ ËÁË ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ.
	  äÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× ÞÅÒÅÚ &man.rtsol.8;
	  ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ, ×ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ÜÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ
	  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>

	<programlisting>ipv6_enable="YES"</programlisting>

	<para>äÌÑ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÅÎÉÑ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÁ, ÔÁËÏÇÏ ËÁË <hostid
	  role="ip6addr">2001:471:1f11:251:290:27ff:fee0:2093</hostid>,
	  ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÕ <devicename>fxp0</devicename>, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ:</para>

	<programlisting>ipv6_ifconfig_fxp0="2001:471:1f11:251:290:27ff:fee0:2093"</programlisting>

	<para>äÌÑ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
	  <hostid role="ip6addr">2001:471:1f11:251::1</hostid>,
	  ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ Ë
	  <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

	<programlisting>ipv6_defaultrouter="2001:471:1f11:251::1"</programlisting>

      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ/ÛÌÀÚÁ IPv6</title>

	<para>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÙÄÁÌ
	  ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÑ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <ulink
	  url="http://www.6bone.net/">6bone</ulink>, É ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
	  ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ.  äÌÑ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÑ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÎÉÖÅÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÙÅ
	  ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.</para>

	<para>úÁÄÁÊÔÅ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÔÕÎÎÅÌØÎÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× (Generic Tunneling
	  interfaces), ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
	  <devicename>gif0</devicename>:</para>

	<programlisting>gif_interfaces="gif0"</programlisting>

	<para>äÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ Ó ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÎÁ
	  <replaceable>MY_IPv4_ADDR</replaceable> Ë ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÔÏÞËÅ
	  <replaceable>REMOTE_IPv4_ADDR</replaceable>:</para>

	<programlisting>gifconfig_gif0="<replaceable>MY_IPv4_ADDR REMOTE_IPv4_ADDR</replaceable>"</programlisting>

	<para>äÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ IPv6 ÁÄÒÅÓÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÙÌ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÅÎ ÄÌÑ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÉ Ë ÔÕÎÎÅÌÀ IPv6, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ:</para>

	<programlisting>ipv6_ifconfig_gif0="<replaceable>MY_ASSIGNED_IPv6_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR</replaceable>"</programlisting>

	<para>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÜÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ
	  ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ IPv6.  üÔÏ ÄÒÕÇÁÑ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÁ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÑ IPv6:</para>

	<programlisting>ipv6_defaultrouter="<replaceable>MY_IPv6_REMOTE_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR</replaceable>"</programlisting>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ IPv6</title>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÔØ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÀ ÍÅÖÄÕ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔØÀ É
	  ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÍ ÍÉÒÏÍ, ÔÏ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
	  ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ:</para>

	<programlisting>ipv6_gateway_enable="YES"</programlisting>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>òÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ× É Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ
	ÈÏÓÔÏ×</title>

      <para>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ &man.rtadvd.8; ÄÌÑ
	ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ IPv6 ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ &man.rtadvd.8; ×ÁÍ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ×
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>

      <programlisting>rtadvd_enable="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>÷ÁÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ
	ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ IPv6.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ &man.rtadvd.8;
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <devicename>fxp0</devicename>:</para>

      <programlisting>rtadvd_interfaces="fxp0"</programlisting>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÍÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ,
	<filename>/etc/rtadvd.conf</filename>.  ÷ÏÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>

      <programlisting>fxp0:\
        :addrs#1:addr="2001:471:1f11:246::":prefixlen#64:tc=ether:</programlisting>

      <para>úÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ <devicename>fxp0</devicename> ÎÁ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù
	ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ.</para>

      <para>úÁÔÅÍ, ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ <hostid
	role="ip6addr">2001:471:1f11:246::</hostid> ÎÁ ÐÒÅÆÉËÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ
	ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ.</para>

      <para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÁÑ ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ <hostid
	role="netmask">/64</hostid>, ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÎÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ.
	éÎÁÞÅ, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ <literal>prefixlen#</literal>
	ÎÁ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ.</para>
   </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-atm">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Harti</firstname>
	  <surname>Brandt</surname>
	  <contrib>ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>áÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ (ATM)</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>ëÌÁÓÓÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ IP ÞÅÒÅÚ ATM (PVC)</title>

      <para>ëÌÁÓÓÉÞÅÓËÉÊ IP ÞÅÒÅÚ ATM (<acronym>CLIP</acronym>)
	ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÅÊÛÉÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÁÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ
	ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ (Asynchronous Transfer Mode, ATM) Ó IP.  ïÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ Ó ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÙÍÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ
	(switched connections, SVC) É Ó ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ
	(permanent connections, PVC).  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ
	ËÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÓÅÔØ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å PVC.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ</title>

	<para>ðÅÒ×ÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ <acronym>CLIP</acronym> Ó
	  PVC ÜÔÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ Ë ËÁÖÄÏÍÕ × ÓÅÔÉ Ó
	  ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÍ PVC.  èÏÔÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ, ÏÎÁ ÎÅÐÒÁËÔÉÞÎÁ
	  ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×.  ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ,
	  ÞÔÏ × ÓÅÔÉ ÅÓÔØ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ, ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÊ Ë
	  <acronym role="Asynchronous Transfer Mode">ATM</acronym>
	  ÓÅÔÉ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ËÁÒÔÙ <acronym
	  role="Asynchronous Transfer Mode">ATM</acronym> ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ.
	  ðÅÒ×ÙÊ ÛÁÇ ÜÔÏ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× É <acronym
	  role="Asynchronous Transfer Mode">ATM</acronym> ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ
	  ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÍÉ.  íÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ:</para>

	<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	  <tgroup cols="2">
	    <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
	    <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
	    <thead>
	      <row>
		<entry>èÏÓÔ</entry>
		<entry>IP ÁÄÒÅÓ</entry>
	      </row>
	    </thead>

	    <tbody>
	      <row>
		<entry><hostid>hostA</hostid></entry>
		<entry><hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.173.1</hostid></entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><hostid>hostB</hostid></entry>
		<entry><hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.173.2</hostid></entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><hostid>hostC</hostid></entry>
		<entry><hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.173.3</hostid></entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><hostid>hostD</hostid></entry>
		<entry><hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.173.4</hostid></entry>
	      </row>
	    </tbody>
	  </tgroup>
	</informaltable>

	<para>äÌÑ ÓÂÏÒËÉ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÎÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ
	  ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ATM ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÀ ÍÅÖÄÕ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÐÁÒÏÊ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×:</para>

	<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	  <tgroup cols="2">
	    <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
	    <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
	    <thead>
	      <row>
		<entry>ëÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÙ</entry>
		<entry>VPI.VCI ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ</entry>
	      </row>
	    </thead>

	    <tbody>
	      <row>
		<entry><hostid>hostA</hostid> - <hostid>hostB</hostid></entry>
		<entry>0.100</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><hostid>hostA</hostid> - <hostid>hostC</hostid></entry>
		<entry>0.101</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><hostid>hostA</hostid> - <hostid>hostD</hostid></entry>
		<entry>0.102</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><hostid>hostB</hostid> - <hostid>hostC</hostid></entry>
		<entry>0.103</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><hostid>hostB</hostid> - <hostid>hostD</hostid></entry>
		<entry>0.104</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><hostid>hostC</hostid> - <hostid>hostD</hostid></entry>
		<entry>0.105</entry>
	      </row>
	    </tbody>
	  </tgroup>
	</informaltable>

	<para>úÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ VPI É VCI ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÍ ËÏÎÃÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ ÍÏÇÕÔ
	  ÏÔÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ, ÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÉÑ ÍÙ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×Ù.
	  úÁÔÅÍ ÎÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ATM ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÍ
	  ÈÏÓÔÅ:</para>

	<screen>hostA&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig hatm0 192.168.173.1 up</userinput>
hostB&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig hatm0 192.168.173.2 up</userinput>
hostC&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig hatm0 192.168.173.3 up</userinput>
hostD&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig hatm0 192.168.173.4 up</userinput></screen>

	<para>ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÑ, ÞÔÏ ATM ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
	  <devicename>hatm0</devicename> ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÈÏÓÔÁÈ.  ôÅÐÅÒØ PVC
	  ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÎÁ <hostid>hostA</hostid> (ÍÙ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÍ,
	  ÞÔÏ ATM ËÏÍÍÕÔÁÔÏÒÙ ÕÖÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ, ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ó×ÅÒÉÔØÓÑ
	  Ó ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÁ ËÏÍÍÕÔÁÔÏÒ ÚÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ
	  ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ).</para>

	<screen>hostA&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.2 hatm0 0 100 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostA&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.3 hatm0 0 101 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostA&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.4 hatm0 0 102 llc/snap ubr</userinput>

hostB&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.1 hatm0 0 100 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostB&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.3 hatm0 0 103 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostB&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.4 hatm0 0 104 llc/snap ubr</userinput>

hostC&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.1 hatm0 0 101 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostC&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.2 hatm0 0 103 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostC&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.4 hatm0 0 105 llc/snap ubr</userinput>

hostD&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.1 hatm0 0 102 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostD&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.2 hatm0 0 104 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostD&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.3 hatm0 0 105 llc/snap ubr</userinput></screen>

	<para>ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ UBR ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÔÉÐ,<!--traffic
	  contracts--> ÅÓÌÉ ATM ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜÔÏ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
	  ÉÍÑ ÔÉÐÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ.  ðÏÍÏÝØ ÐÏ
	  &man.atmconfig.8; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig help natm add</userinput></screen>

	<para>ÉÌÉ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.atmconfig.8;.</para>

	<para>ôÁ ÖÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ
	  <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. äÌÑ <hostid>hostA</hostid>
	  ÜÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</para>

<programlisting>network_interfaces="lo0 hatm0"
ifconfig_hatm0="inet 192.168.173.1 up"
natm_static_routes="hostB hostC hostD"
route_hostB="192.168.173.2 hatm0 0 100 llc/snap ubr"
route_hostC="192.168.173.3 hatm0 0 101 llc/snap ubr"
route_hostD="192.168.173.4 hatm0 0 102 llc/snap ubr"</programlisting>

	<para>ôÅËÕÝÉÊ ÓÔÁÔÕÓ ×ÓÅÈ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ× <acronym>CLIP</acronym>
	  ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>

	<screen>hostA&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm show</userinput></screen>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>
</chapter>