path: root/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/filesystems/chapter.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
<!--
     The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project
     $FreeBSD$
     Original revision: r34969
-->
<!--
Translation:    Taras Korenko
-->

<chapter id="filesystems">
  <chapterinfo>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>Tom</firstname>
	<surname>Rhodes</surname>
	<contrib>îÁÐÉÓÁÌ </contrib>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
  </chapterinfo>

  <title>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</title>

  <sect1 id="filesystems-synopsis">
    <title>ëÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÂÚÏÒ</title>

    <indexterm>
       <primary>æÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ óÉÓÔÅÍÙ</primary>
    </indexterm>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>File Systems Support</primary>
      <see>File Systems</see>
    </indexterm>

    <para>æÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &mdash; ÎÅÏÔßÅÍÌÅÍÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  ïÎÉ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ É ÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ,
      ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÄÁÎÎÙÍ, É, ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ-ÖÅ, ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÖÅÓÔËÉÍÉ ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ.
      õ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÅÓÔØ ÏÄÎÁ ÏÂÝÁÑ ÞÅÒÔÁ &mdash;
      ÉÈ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ (native filesystem).  äÌÑ &os; ÜÔÏ Fast
      File System (ÉÌÉ <acronym>FFS</acronym>), ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÒÏÉÚÏÛÌÁ ÏÔ
      Unix&trade; File System (ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÎÏ <acronym>UFS</acronym>).</para>

    <para>&os; ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÑÄ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ
      ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÄÁÎÎÙÍ ÏÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ: Ë ÄÁÎÎÙÍ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÍÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÈ
      <acronym>USB</acronym> ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÈ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ, ÆÌÜÛ-ÎÁËÏÐÉÔÅÌÑÈ É ÖÅÓÔËÉÈ
      ÄÉÓËÁÈ.  ÷ ÓÐÉÓËÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÅÓÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÙÅ
      ÄÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ &linux; Extended File System
      (<acronym>EXT</acronym>) É &sun; Z File System
      (<acronym>ZFS</acronym>).</para>

    <para>&os; ÉÍÅÅÔ ÒÁÚÎÙÅ ÕÒÏ×ÎÉ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
      äÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ ÑÄÒÁ, ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ
      ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ (toolset).  ãÅÌØ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
      &mdash; ÄÁÔØ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ &os; Ï ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÈ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÎÁ ÉÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ.
      îÁÞÎÅÍ Ó &sun; Z file system.</para>

    <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÚÎÁÔØ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>òÁÚÎÉÃÕ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ &os;.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØ, ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ, ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÎÉÅÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ðÏÎÉÍÁÔØ ÏÓÎÏ×Ù &unix; É &os; (<xref linkend="basics"/>).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>úÎÁÔØ ÁÚÙ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ
	  (<xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>õÍÅÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÈ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×
	  × &os; (<xref linkend="ports"/>).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>âÙÔØ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙÍ Ó ÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÄÉÓËÏ× É ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ
	  × &os; (<xref linkend="disks"/>).</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="filesystems-zfs">
    <title>æÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ZFS</title>

    <para>æÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ZFS, ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÁÑ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÅÊ &sun;, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÁ
      ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ ÐÕÌÏ× ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  üÔÏ
      ÚÎÁÞÉÔ, ÞÔÏ ÅÍËÏÓÔØ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÏÇÄÁ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎÁ
      ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  ZFS ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÙÌÁ
      ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÁ Ó ÕÐÏÒÏÍ ÎÁ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÕÀ ÃÅÌÏÓÔÎÏÓÔØ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÑ
      ÓÎÉÍËÉ (snapshot), ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ËÏÐÉÊ É ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÙÅ ÓÕÍÍÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  îÏ×ÁÑ
      ÍÏÄÅÌØ ÒÅÐÌÉËÁÃÉÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ËÁË <acronym>RAID</acronym>-Z,
      ÐÏÄÏÂÎÁ <acronym>RAID</acronym>-5, ÎÏ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ
      ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÊ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.</para>

    <sect2>
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ZFS</title>

      <para>ðÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ <acronym>ZFS</acronym> ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÞÁÓÔØ
	ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  þÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÏÔ ÎÅÅ ÍÁËÓÉÍÕÍ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ
	× ÐÏ×ÓÅÄÎÅ×ÎÏÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
	ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.  <acronym>ZFS</acronym> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÜËÓÐÅÒÉÍÅÎÔÁÌØÎÏÊ
	ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ × &os;, ÎÏ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØÓÑ
	× ÂÌÉÖÁÊÛÅÍ ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ; ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
	ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÛÁÇÉ.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÁÍÑÔØ</title>

	<para>ïÂÝÉÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ïúõ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ ÒÁ×ÅÎ ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔÕ,
	  ÈÏÔÑ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ Ä×Á ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔÁ ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌÅÅ.  ÷Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÎÉÖÅÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ
	  ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ Ó 1çâ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ
	  ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁÍÉ.</para>

	<para>éÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÐÒÅÕÓÐÅÌÉ × ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
	  <acronym>ZFS</acronym> ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈ ÍÅÎÅÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔÁ
	  ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÎÏ Ó ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÙÍ ÏÂßÅÍÏÍ ïúõ É ÐÒÉ ÓÅÒØÅÚÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ
	  ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÏÞÅÎØ ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÙ ÐÁÎÉËÉ &os; ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÅÈ×ÁÔËÉ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÑÄÒÁ</title>

	<para>òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÓËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ
	  ÎÅÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ É ÏÐÃÉÉ.  ôÁË ËÁË ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ×
	  ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏ × ×ÉÄÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ, ÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÙ
	  Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	  <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>.</para>

	<para>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ &i386; ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ
	  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÏÐÃÉÀ × ÉÈ ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÏÉÔØ
	  ÑÄÒÏ É ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ:</para>

	<programlisting>options         KVA_PAGES=512</programlisting>

	<para>üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÉÔ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï ÑÄÒÁ, ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÑ
	  ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <varname>vm.kvm_size</varname> ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁ
	  ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ × 1&nbsp;çâ (2&nbsp;çâ ÄÌÑ <acronym>PAE</acronym>).
	  þÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÉ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔÅ
	  ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊÓÑ ÏÂßÅÍ ïúõ, ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÎÙÊ × ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÁÈ, ÎÁ 4.  ðÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÏÅ
	  ×ÙÛÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <literal>512</literal> ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ
	  Ó 2&nbsp;çâ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ loader.conf</title>

	<para>áÄÒÅÓÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï <devicename>kmem</devicename> ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
	  Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÏ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ &os; ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÁÈ.  îÁ ÔÅÓÔÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ
	  ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔÏÍ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÂÙÌÁ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÁ ÓÏ
	  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÎÅÓÔÉ × ÆÁÊÌ
	  <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> É ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>

	<programlisting>vm.kmem_size="330M"
vm.kmem_size_max="330M"
vfs.zfs.arc_max="40M"
vfs.zfs.vdev.cache.size="5M"</programlisting>

	<para>úÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÁÃÉÑÍÉ ÐÏ ÔÏÎËÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÄ ZFS, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ:
	  <ulink url="http://wiki.freebsd.org/ZFSTuningGuide"></ulink>.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <acronym>ZFS</acronym></title>

      <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÙÊ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÊ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	<acronym>ZFS</acronym> ÐÕÌÙ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
	þÔÏÂÙ ÅÇÏ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo 'zfs_enable="YES"' &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/zfs start</userinput></screen>

	<para>úÄÅÓØ É ÄÁÌÅÅ × ÓÔÁÔØÅ ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ ÔÒÉ <acronym>SCSI</acronym> ÄÉÓËÁ Ó ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ
	  ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
	  <devicename><replaceable>da0</replaceable></devicename>,
	  <devicename><replaceable>da1</replaceable></devicename> É
	  <devicename><replaceable>da2</replaceable></devicename>.
	  éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÍ <acronym>IDE</acronym> ÄÉÓËÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
	  ÐÏÄÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
	  <devicename><replaceable>ad</replaceable></devicename>
	  ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÉÍÅÎ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× <acronym>SCSI</acronym>.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÊ ÐÕÌ</title>

	<para>äÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÇÏ ÐÕÌÁ <acronym>ZFS</acronym>
	  ÂÅÚ ÉÚÂÙÔÏÞÎÏÓÔÉ, ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×Á× ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÏÄÉÎ ÖÅÓÔËÉÊ ÄÉÓË,
	  ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>zpool</command>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zpool create example /dev/da0</userinput></screen>

	<para>þÔÏÂÙ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÐÕÌ, ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ×Ù×ÏÄ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
	  <command>df</command>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>df</userinput>
Filesystem  1K-blocks    Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1a   2026030  235230  1628718    13%    /
devfs               1       1        0   100%    /dev
/dev/ad0s1d  54098308 1032846 48737598     2%    /usr
example      17547136       0 17547136     0%    /example</screen>

	<para>üÔÏÔ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÞÅÔËÏ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÐÕÌ <literal>example</literal>
	  ÂÙÌ ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎ, ÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ É <emphasis>ÐÒÉÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎ</emphasis>.
	  ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ, ËÁË É ÏÂÙÞÎÁÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, × ÎÅÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ
	  ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ, Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÏÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ,
	  ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /example</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ls</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>touch testfile</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ls -al</userinput>
total 4
drwxr-xr-x   2 root  wheel    3 Aug 29 23:15 .
drwxr-xr-x  21 root  wheel  512 Aug 29 23:12 ..
-rw-r--r--   1 root  wheel    0 Aug 29 23:15 testfile</screen>

	<para>ïÄÎÁËÏ × ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÇÏ ÐÕÌÁ ÎÅ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÙ
	  ÎÉËÁËÉÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ <acronym>ZFS</acronym>.
	  óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ × ÜÔÏÍ ÐÕÌÅ É ÁËÔÉ×ÉÒÕÊÔÅ
	  ÓÖÁÔÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÎÅÊ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs create example/compressed</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs set compression=gzip example/compressed</userinput></screen>

	<para>ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <acronym>ZFS</acronym>
	  <literal>example/compressed</literal> ÁËÔÉ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ ÓÖÁÔÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.
	  ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
	  ËÏÐÉÒÕÑ ÉÈ ×
	  <filename class="directory">/example/compressed</filename>.</para>


	<para>á ×ÏÔ ËÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÓÖÁÔÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs set compression=off example/compressed</userinput></screen>

	<para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ ÞÔÏÂÙ ÒÁÚÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ
	  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ É ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ
	  <command>df</command>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs umount example/compressed</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>df</userinput>
Filesystem  1K-blocks    Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1a   2026030  235232  1628716    13%    /
devfs               1       1        0   100%    /dev
/dev/ad0s1d  54098308 1032864 48737580     2%    /usr
example      17547008       0 17547008     0%    /example</screen>

	<para>óÎÏ×Á ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ É ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ
	  ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ <command>df</command>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs mount example/compressed</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>df</userinput>
Filesystem         1K-blocks    Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1a          2026030  235234  1628714    13%    /
devfs                      1       1        0   100%    /dev
/dev/ad0s1d         54098308 1032864 48737580     2%    /usr
example             17547008       0 17547008     0%    /example
example/compressed  17547008       0 17547008     0%    /example/compressed</screen>

	<para>ðÕÌ É ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ × ×Ù×ÏÄÅ
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>mount</command>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount</userinput>
/dev/ad0s1a on / (ufs, local)
devfs on /dev (devfs, local)
/dev/ad0s1d on /usr (ufs, local, soft-updates)
example on /example (zfs, local)
example/data on /example/data (zfs, local)
example/compressed on /example/compressed (zfs, local)</screen>

	<para>ëÁË ×Ù ÕÖÅ ÕÂÅÄÉÌÉÓØ, ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <acronym>ZFS</acronym>
	  ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÁË É ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ; ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ.  ÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ
	  ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÍÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÄÉÍ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ <literal>data</literal>.
	  îÁ ÎÅÊ ÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ×ÁÖÎÙÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ
	  ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ ÈÒÁÎÉÔØ Ä×Å ËÏÐÉÉ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÂÌÏËÁ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs create example/data</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs set copies=2 example/data</userinput></screen>

	<para>óÎÏ×Á ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ×
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>df</command>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>df</userinput>
Filesystem         1K-blocks    Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1a          2026030  235234  1628714    13%    /
devfs                      1       1        0   100%    /dev
/dev/ad0s1d         54098308 1032864 48737580     2%    /usr
example             17547008       0 17547008     0%    /example
example/compressed  17547008       0 17547008     0%    /example/compressed
example/data        17547008       0 17547008     0%    /example/data</screen>

	<para>úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ËÁÖÄÁÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ × ÐÕÌÅ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÏÂßÅÍ
	  Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ.  íÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>df</command>
	  ÎÁ ÐÒÏÔÑÖÅÎÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÏ×, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	  ÚÁÎÉÍÁÀÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÅ ÉÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÒÅÓÕÒÓ
	  ÏÄÎÏÇÏ É ÔÏÇÏ ÖÅ ÐÕÌÁ.  <acronym>ZFS</acronym> ÕÈÏÄÉÔ ÏÔ ÐÒÉ×ÙÞÎÙÈ
	  ÐÏÎÑÔÉÊ "ÔÏÍ (volume)" É "ÒÁÚÄÅÌ (partition)", ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÍ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ É ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÐÕÌ.  õÎÉÞÔÏÖØÔÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
	  ÐÏÔÏÍ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖØÔÅ ÐÕÌ, ÔÁË ËÁË × ÎÉÈ ÕÖÅ ÎÅÔ ÎÕÖÄÙ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs destroy example/compressed</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs destroy example/data</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>zpool destroy example</userinput></screen>

	<para>öÅÓÔËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ÓÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÅÍ ×ÙÈÏÄÑÔ ÉÚ ÓÔÒÏÑ, ÜÔÏ ÎÅÉÚÂÅÖÎÏ.
	  ëÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÉÓË ×ÙÊÄÅÔ ÉÚ ÓÔÒÏÑ, ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÕÔÅÒÑÎÙ.  ïÄÎÉÍ ÉÚ
	  ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ÐÏÔÅÒÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ×ÙÛÅÄÛÅÇÏ ÉÚ ÓÔÒÏÑ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ
	  ÄÉÓËÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ <acronym>RAID</acronym> ÍÁÓÓÉ×Ï×.
	  <acronym>ZFS</acronym> ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜÔÕ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÕÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
	  × Ó×ÏÅÍ ÄÉÚÁÊÎÅ, É ÜÔÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title><acronym>ZFS</acronym> RAID-Z</title>

	<para>ëÁË ÕÖÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÓËÁÚÁÎÏ ×ÙÛÅ, × ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÁÔØÅ ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔÓÑ,
	  ÞÔÏ × ÎÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ × ÒÁÓÐÏÒÑÖÅÎÉÉ ÅÓÔØ ÔÒÉ <acronym>SCSI</acronym>
	  ÄÉÓËÁ: <devicename>da0</devicename>, <devicename>da1</devicename>
	  É <devicename>da2</devicename> (ÉÌÉ <devicename>ad0</devicename>
	  É ÄÁÌÅÅ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ <acronym>IDE</acronym> ÄÉÓËÏ×).  äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
	  ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ <acronym>RAID</acronym>-Z ÐÕÌ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zpool create storage raidz da0 da1 da2</userinput></screen>

	<note>
	  <para>&sun; ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÔ ÔÒÅÈ ÄÏ ÄÅ×ÑÔÉ ÖÅÓÔËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×
	    × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ <acronym>RAID</acronym>-Z.  åÓÌÉ ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ
	    × ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ 10 ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×, ÐÏÄÕÍÁÊÔÅ ÎÁÄ ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
	    ÒÁÚÂÉÔØ ÉÈ ÎÁ ÍÅÎØÛÉÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ <acronym>RAID</acronym>-Z.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ
	    ÅÓÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ä×Á ÄÉÓËÁ É ×ÁÍ ×Ó£-ÔÁËÉ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÚÂÙÔÏÞÎÏÓÔØ,
	    ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÌÕÞÛÉÍ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÏÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ <acronym>ZFS</acronym>
	    ÚÅÒËÁÌÁ.  óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.zpool.8;
	    ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÈ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÊ.</para>
	</note>

	<para>ðÏ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØÓÑ ÐÕÌ
	  <literal>storage</literal>.  ëÁË É ÐÒÅÖÄÅ, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÅÎÏ
	  ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ &man.mount.8; É &man.df.1;.  âÏÌØÛÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ
	  ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÏ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ × ËÏÎÅà ÓÐÉÓËÁ
	  ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÏÊ ×ÙÛÅ.  óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ × ÐÕÌÅ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÕÀ <literal>home</literal>, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÂÕÄÕÔ
	  ÒÁÚÍÅÝÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs create storage/home</userinput></screen>

	<para>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁËÔÉ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÖÁÔÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É
	  ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÔØ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ËÏÐÉÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÈ
	  ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ× É ÆÁÊÌÏ×.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÕÔÏ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É ÒÁÎÅÅ,
	  ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs set copies=2 storage/home</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs set compression=gzip storage/home</userinput></screen>

	<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÔØ × ÜÔÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÈ
	  ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ× ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÓÀÄÁ ÉÈ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ É ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ
	  ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÓÓÙÌËÉ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp -rp /home/* /storage/home</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>rm -rf /home /usr/home</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /storage/home /home</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /storage/home /usr/home</userinput></screen>

	<para>ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÏÊ
	  ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ <filename class="directory">/storage/home</filename>.
	  äÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
	  É ×ÏÊÄÉÔÅ ÅÀ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>

	<para>ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÎÉÍÏË (snapshot), Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	  ÏÔËÁÔÉÔØÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs snapshot storage/home@08-30-08</userinput></screen>

	<para>úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÓÎÉÍÏË (snapshot) ÚÁÈ×ÁÔÉÔ ÒÅÁÌØÎÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, Á ÎÅ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÉÌÉ ÆÁÊÌ.  óÉÍ×ÏÌ
	  <literal>@</literal> ÏÔÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÌÉ ÉÍÑ ÔÏÍÁ
	  ÏÔ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÓÎÉÍËÁ.  ëÏÇÄÁ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
	  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÅ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs rollback storage/home@08-30-08</userinput></screen>

	<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈÓÑ × ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ÓÎÉÍËÏ×, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>ls</command> × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	  <filename class="directory">.zfs/snapshot</filename>.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
	  ÞÔÏÂÙ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÎÙÊ ÒÁÎÅÅ ÓÎÉÍÏË, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ls /storage/home/.zfs/snapshot</userinput></screen>

	<para>íÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÓËÒÉÐÔ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÝÉÊ ÓÎÉÍËÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
	  ÅÖÅÍÅÓÑÞÎÏ; ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÓÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÅÍ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÚÁÎÑÔØ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÞÁÓÔØ
	  ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á.  ðÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÊ ÓÎÉÍÏË ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÄÁÌÅÎ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs destroy storage/home@08-30-08</userinput></screen>

	<para>îÅÔ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÙ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÎÁÛÉÈ ÜËÓÐÅÒÉÍÅÎÔÏ× ÄÁÌÅÅ ÄÅÒÖÁÔØ
	  × ÔÅËÕÝÅÍ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ
	  <filename class="directory">/storage/home</filename>.
	  óÄÅÌÁÅÍ ÅÅ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ
	  <filename class="directory">/home</filename>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs set mountpoint=/home storage/home</userinput></screen>

	<para>÷ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄ <command>df</command> É
	  <command>mount</command> ÐÏËÁÖÅÔ, ÞÔÏ Ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ×ÏÓÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÎÁÛÕ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÕÀ
	  <filename class="directory">/home</filename>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount</userinput>
/dev/ad0s1a on / (ufs, local)
devfs on /dev (devfs, local)
/dev/ad0s1d on /usr (ufs, local, soft-updates)
storage on /storage (zfs, local)
storage/home on /home (zfs, local)
&prompt.root; <userinput>df</userinput>
Filesystem   1K-blocks    Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1a    2026030  235240  1628708    13%    /
devfs                1       1        0   100%    /dev
/dev/ad0s1d   54098308 1032826 48737618     2%    /usr
storage       26320512       0 26320512     0%    /storage
storage/home  26320512       0 26320512     0%    /home</screen>

	<para>îÁ ÜÔÏÍ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÍ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ <acronym>RAID</acronym>-Z.
	  þÔÏÂÙ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÏÞÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÕÓËÏ× &man.periodic.8; ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ
	  Ï ÓÔÁÔÕÓÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo 'daily_status_zfs_enable="YES"' &gt;&gt; /etc/periodic.conf</userinput></screen>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ <acronym>RAID</acronym>-Z</title>

	<para>ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÈ <acronym>RAID</acronym> ÍÁÓÓÉ×Ï×
	  ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï Ó×ÏÅÍ
	  <literal>ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ</literal>.
	  <acronym>ZFS</acronym> &mdash; ÎÅ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ.  óÔÁÔÕÓ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
	  <acronym>RAID</acronym>-Z ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÎ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
	  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zpool status -x</userinput></screen>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÕÌÙ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÎÙ É ×Ó£ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ, ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÉÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ
	  ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ:</para>

	<screen>all pools are healthy</screen>

	<para>á ÅÓÌÉ ÅÓÔØ ËÁËÉÅ-ÔÏ ÎÅÐÏÌÁÄËÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÄÉÓË ×Ù×ÅÄÅÎ ÉÚ ÍÁÓÓÉ×Á,
	  ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÐÕÌÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÍ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ:</para>

	<screen>  pool: storage
 state: DEGRADED
status: One or more devices has been taken offline by the administrator.
	Sufficient replicas exist for the pool to continue functioning in a
	degraded state.
action: Online the device using 'zpool online' or replace the device with
	'zpool replace'.
 scrub: none requested
config:

	NAME        STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
	storage     DEGRADED     0     0     0
	  raidz1    DEGRADED     0     0     0
	    da0     ONLINE       0     0     0
	    da1     OFFLINE      0     0     0
	    da2     ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors</screen>

	<para>÷Ù×ÏÄ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÂÙÌÏ ÐÅÒÅ×ÅÄÅÎÏ × Á×ÔÏÎÏÍÎÙÊ
	  ÒÅÖÉÍ	ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ.  üÔÏ ×ÅÒÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ.
	  þÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅ×ÅÓÔÉ ÄÉÓË × Á×ÔÏÎÏÍÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ, ÂÙÌÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zpool offline storage da1</userinput></screen>

	<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Á ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ
	  <devicename>da1</devicename>.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÓÑ ÓÎÏ×Á,
	  ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ ÄÉÓË × ÍÁÓÓÉ×Å:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zpool replace storage da1</userinput></screen>

	<para>ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ÓÔÁÔÕÓ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÅÎ ÏÐÑÔØ É ÎÁ ÜÔÏÔ ÒÁÚ
	  ÂÅÚ ÆÌÁÇÁ <option>-x</option>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zpool status storage</userinput>
 pool: storage
 state: ONLINE
 scrub: resilver completed with 0 errors on Sat Aug 30 19:44:11 2008
config:

	NAME        STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
	storage     ONLINE       0     0     0
	  raidz1    ONLINE       0     0     0
	    da0     ONLINE       0     0     0
	    da1     ONLINE       0     0     0
	    da2     ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors</screen>

	<para>÷ ×Ù×ÏÄÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÉ ÍÁÓÓÉ×Á ÏÛÉÂÏË
	  ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÏ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÒÏ×ÅÒËÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ</title>

	<para>ëÁË ÕÖÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÓËÁÚÁÎÏ ÒÁÎÅÅ, <acronym>ZFS</acronym> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
	  <literal>ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÙÅ ÓÕÍÍÙ</literal> ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÃÅÌÏÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ
	  ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  ðÏÄÓÞÅÔ É ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÙÈ ÓÕÍÍ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ
	  Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎ
	  ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zfs set checksum=off storage/home</userinput></screen>

	<para>ïÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÄÓÞÅÔÁ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÙÈ ÓÕÍÍ &mdash; ÎÅ ÏÞÅÎØ ÈÏÒÏÛÁÑ
	  ÉÄÅÑ; ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ××ÉÄÕ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÀÔ ÍÁÌÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
	  ÐÒÉ ÉÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÎÅÔ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÈ ÒÁÓÈÏÄÏ× ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
	  ðÏËÁ ÐÏÄÓÞÅÔ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÃÅÌÏÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
	  <acronym>ZFS</acronym>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÙÅ ÓÕÍÍÙ.  üÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ
	  ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÅÎ ËÁË <quote>ÏÞÉÓÔËÁ (scrubbing)</quote>.  þÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ
	  ÃÅÌÏÓÔÎÏÓÔØ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÕÌÁ <literal>storage</literal>, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ
	  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zpool scrub storage</userinput></screen>

	<para>üÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÎÑÔØ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ
	  ÏÔ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÓÏÈÒÁΣÎÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  ïÞÉÓÔËÁ (scrubbing) ÐÏÒÏÖÄÁÅÔ
	  ÉÎÔÅÎÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ××ÏÄ/×Ù×ÏÄ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÜËÚÅÍÐÌÑÒ ÜÔÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ
	  ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ × ÏÄÉÎ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÏÞÉÓÔËÉ
	  (scrubbing) ÓÔÁÔÕÓ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ, ÅÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ×
	  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>zpool status storage</userinput>
 pool: storage
 state: ONLINE
 scrub: scrub completed with 0 errors on Sat Aug 30 19:57:37 2008
config:

	NAME        STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
	storage     ONLINE       0     0     0
	  raidz1    ONLINE       0     0     0
	    da0     ONLINE       0     0     0
	    da1     ONLINE       0     0     0
	    da2     ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors</screen>

	<para>÷ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ × ÐÒÏÓÔÏÍ ×ÉÄÅ × ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ.
	  ïÞÉÓÔËÁ ÐÏÍÏÇÁÅÔ ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒÉÔØÓÑ × ÃÅÌÏÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÔÑÖÅÎÉÉ
	  ÄÌÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.</para>

	<para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÂÙÌÁ ÏÓ×ÅÝÅÎÁ ÌÉÛØ ÍÁÌÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ
	  <acronym>ZFS</acronym>.  úÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ
	  Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.zfs.8; É &man.zpool.8;.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

</chapter>