path: root/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/kernelconfig/chapter.sgml

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     Original revision: r37856
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<chapter id="kernelconfig">
  <chapterinfo>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>Jim</firstname>
	<surname>Mock</surname>
	<contrib>ïÂÎÏ×ÉÌ É ÒÅÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÉÚÏ×ÁÌ </contrib>
	<!-- Mar 2000 -->
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>Jake</firstname>
	<surname>Hamby</surname>
	<contrib>ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	<!-- 6 Oct 1995 -->
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>áÌÅËÓÁÎÄÒÏÍ</firstname>
	<surname>ëÏ×ÁÌÅÎËÏ</surname>
	<contrib>ðÅÒÅ×ÅÄÅÎÏ </contrib>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
  </chapterinfo>

  <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÑÄÒÁ FreeBSD</title>

  <sect1 id="kernelconfig-synopsis">
    <title>ëÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÂÚÏÒ</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>kernel</primary>
      <secondary>ÓÂÏÒËÁ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>ñÄÒÏ &mdash; ÜÔÏ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &os;.  ïÎÏ
      ÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÚÁ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÍÑÔØÀ, ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ÒÁÂÏÔÕ Ó
      ÓÅÔØÀ, ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÄÉÓËÁÍ É ÍÎÏÇÏÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ.  îÅÓÍÏÔÒÑ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ &os;
      ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ×Ó£ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ, ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÉÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
      ÓÏÂÉÒÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ.</para>

    <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×Ù ÕÚÎÁÅÔÅ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÓÂÏÒËÁ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÎÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÉÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ
	  ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ É
	  ÓÏÂÒÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>þÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÅÓÌÉ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÉÌÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÅ ÔÁË, ËÁË
	  ÄÏÌÖÎÏ.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>÷ÓÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÍÙÅ × ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Å × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ,
      ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ <username>root</username>.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="kernelconfig-custom-kernel">
    <title>úÁÞÅÍ ÓÏÂÉÒÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ?</title>

    <para>ôÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏ × &os; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÏÓØ ÔÁË ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÏÅ
      <quote>ÍÏÎÏÌÉÔÎÏÅ</quote> ÑÄÒÏ.  üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÑÄÒÏ &mdash; ÜÔÏ ÏÄÎÁ
      ÂÏÌØÛÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÆÉËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× É ×
      ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ, ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÂÏÒËÁ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ
      ÑÄÒÁ É ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ ÕÖÅ Ó ÎÏ×ÙÍ ÑÄÒÏÍ.</para>

    <para>îÁ ÓÅÇÏÄÎÑÛÎÉÊ ÄÅÎØ &os; ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÐÒÏÄ×ÉÇÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÍÏÄÅÌÉ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ
      ÂÏÌØÛÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ × ÍÏÄÕÌÑÈ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ
      ÐÒÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÙ É ×ÙÇÒÕÖÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÑÄÒÁ.  üÔÏ
      ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÑÄÒÕ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ <quote>×ÎÅÚÁÐÎÏ</quote>
      ÐÏÑ×ÉÌÉÓØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á PCMCIA × ÌÜÐÔÏÐÅ) ÉÌÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ
      ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ × ÑÄÒÏ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ × ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
      ÐÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÂÏÒËÉ ÑÄÒÁ.  ôÁËÏÊ ÐÏÄÈÏÄ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÅÎ ËÁË ÍÏÄÕÌØÎÏÓÔØ
      ÑÄÒÁ.</para>

    <para>îÅÓÍÏÔÒÑ ÎÁ ÜÔÏ, ×Ó£ ÅÝ£ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÂÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
      ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÂÙÌÁ ×ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ × ÑÄÒÏ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ.  ÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
      ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÄÉËÔÏ×ÁÎÏ ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÁ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÉÌØÎÏ
      ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÁÎÁ Ë ÑÄÒÕ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÍÏÊ.  ÷ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
      ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÏÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ ÎÉËÔÏ ÎÅ ÕÄÅÌÉÌ ×ÒÅÍÑ
      ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÉÀ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÊ
      ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>

    <para>óÂÏÒËÁ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ &mdash; ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÒÉÔÕÁÌÏ×,
      ÓÏ×ÅÒÛÁÅÍÙÈ ÏÐÙÔÎÙÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ BSD.  îÅÓÍÏÔÒÑ ÎÁ
      ÄÌÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ, ×ÁÛÁ &os; ÏÓÔÁÎÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ×ÙÉÇÒÙÛÅ.  ÷
      ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ ÑÄÒÁ <filename>GENERIC</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ
      ÛÉÒÏËÉÊ ÓÐÅËÔÒ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ, ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ
      ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ <emphasis>×ÁÛÅÇÏ</emphasis> ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ.
      üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Á:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>íÅÎØÛÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.  ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÑÄÒÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ
	  ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÏ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ × ×ÁÛÅÍ
	  ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ×ÒÅÍÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ,
	  ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØÓÑ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>õÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.
	  óÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÍÅÎØÛÅ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÞÅÍ ÑÄÒÏ
	  <filename>GENERIC</filename>, ÔÁË ËÁË ÉÚ ÎÅÇÏ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÙ
	  ÌÉÛÎÉÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ É ÎÅÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.
	  üÔÏ ×ÁÖÎÏ ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÞÁÓÔØ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÚÁÎÑÔÁ
	  ËÏÄÏÍ ÑÄÒÁ É ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÁ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ.
	  éÍÅÎÎÏ ÐÏ ÜÔÏÊ
	  ÐÒÉÞÉÎÅ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ Ó ÍÁÌÙÍ
	  ÏÂßÅÍÏÍ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ.  óÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ
	  ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×,
	  ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ × ÑÄÒÅ <filename>GENERIC</filename>.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="kernelconfig-devices">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	  <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	  <contrib>îÁÐÉÓÁÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>ïÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ</title>

    <para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÕÇÌÕÂÉÔØÓÑ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÑÄÒÁ, ÂÙÌÏ ÂÙ ÒÁÚÕÍÎÏ
      ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ × ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ.
      åÓÌÉ &os; ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, ÔÏ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ
      ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÌÅÇËÏ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÁÎÁÌÉÚÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ
      ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <application>äÉÓÐÅÔÞÅÒ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
	(Device Manager)</application> ÏÔ &microsoft; ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ
      ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÈ.
      <application>äÉÓÐÅÔÞÅÒ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×</application> ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÁÎÅÌÉ
      ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ (control panel).</para>

    <note>
      <para>õ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ &microsoft.windows; ÅÓÔØ ÚÎÁÞÏË
	<application>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ (System)</application>, ×ÙÚÏ× ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ
	ÏÔÏÂÒÁÚÉÔ ÜËÒÁÎ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÊ ÓÒÅÄÉ ÐÒÏÞÉÈ É <application>äÉÓÐÅÔÞÅÒ
	  ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×</application>.</para>
    </note>

    <para>åÓÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍÕ
      ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ÐÒÉÄÅÔÓÑ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÜÔÕ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ.
      ïÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÍÅÔÏÄÏ× ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ &man.dmesg.8;
      É ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.man.1;.  õ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ× ×Ï &os; ÅÓÔØ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ
      ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÅ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ,
      Á ÎÁÊÄÅÎÎÙÅ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ
      × &man.dmesg.8;.  ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÉÒÕÀÔ Ï ÔÏÍ,
      ÞÔÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <devicename>psm</devicename> ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌ ÍÙÛØ: </para>

    <programlisting>psm0: &lt;PS/2 Mouse&gt; irq 12 on atkbdc0
psm0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
psm0: [ITHREAD]
psm0: model Generic PS/2 mouse, device ID 0</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÏÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ
      ÑÄÒÁ ÉÌÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ &man.loader.conf.5;.</para>

    <para>÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ <command>dmesg</command> ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔ
      ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.
      ÷ ÔÁËÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ
      <filename>/var/run/dmesg.boot</filename>.</para>

    <para>åÝÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÁÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ &man.pciconf.8;.
      îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>

    <programlisting>ath0@pci0:3:0:0:        class=0x020000 card=0x058a1014 chip=0x1014168c rev=0x01 hdr=0x00
    vendor     = 'Atheros Communications Inc.'
    device     = 'AR5212 Atheros AR5212 802.11abg wireless'
    class      = network
    subclass   = ethernet</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÁ ÞÁÓÔØ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ, ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÁÑ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
      <command>pciconf <option>-lv</option></command>, ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ
      <devicename>ath</devicename> ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÅ Ethernet ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï.
      îÁÂÒÁ× <command>man <replaceable>ath</replaceable></command>, ×Ù
      ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.ath.4;.</para>

    <para>ôÁËÖÅ, ÄÌÑ ÉÚ×ÌÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
      ËÌÀÞÏÍ <option>-k</option> Ë ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ &man.man.1;.  ÷ ×ÙÛÅÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÏÍ
      ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; man -k <replaceable>Atheros</replaceable></screen>

    <para>ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÅ
      ÓÌÏ×Ï:</para>

    <programlisting>ath(4)                   - Atheros IEEE 802.11 wireless network driver
ath_hal(4)               - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL)</programlisting>

    <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ, ÉÍÅÑ × ÒÁÓÐÏÒÑÖÅÎÉÉ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ,
      ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÅÚÂÏÑÚÎÅÎÎÏ ÐÒÉÓÔÕÐÉÔØ Ë ÓÂÏÒËÅ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="kernelconfig-modules">
    <title>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ, ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É ÍÏÄÕÌÉ ÑÄÒÁ</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>kernel</primary>
      <secondary>drivers / modules / subsystems</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅÍ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ, ÏÂÄÕÍÁÊÔÅ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÙ,
      ÐÏÂÕÄÉ×ÛÉÅ ×ÁÓ Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ.  åÓÌÉ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
      ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÑËÁ ÕÖÅ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÁ × ×ÉÄÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ.</para>

    <para>íÏÄÕÌÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
      <filename class="directory">/boot/kernel</filename>, É ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ
      ÂÙÔØ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ × ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ &man.kldload.8;.
      åÓÌÉ ÎÅ ×ÓÅ, ÔÏ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ× ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ × ×ÉÄÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ,
      É Õ ÎÉÈ ÅÓÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÁÑ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ.  ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ,
      × ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÕÐÏÍÉÎÁÌÓÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <devicename>ath</devicename>
      ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÇÏ Ethernet ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á.  óÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÁÑ ÅÍÕ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ
      ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÇÌÁÓÉÔ:</para>

    <programlisting>Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the
following line in &man.loader.conf.5;:

    if_ath_load="YES"</programlisting>

    <para>ëÁË ÕÖÅ ×ÙÛÅ ÓËÁÚÁÎÏ, ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ
      <literal>if_ath_load="YES"</literal> × ÆÁÊÌ
      <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉ
      ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>

    <para>÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÕÀÝÅÇÏ ×ÁÓ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ
      ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ.  þÁÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÏ ÓÐÒÁ×ÅÄÌÉ×Ï ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ
      É ÏÞÅÎØ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ×.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &os;
      (<acronym>FFS</acronym>) Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÅÊ × ÑÄÒÅ.
      ëÁË É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÓÅÔÉ (INET).  ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ
      ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÌÉ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍ &mdash; ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ
      ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ.</para>

    <warning>
      <para>äÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÌÅÇËÏ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÕÀ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÉÌÉ
	ÏÐÃÉÀ, ÐÏÌÕÞÉ× ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ
	ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.ata.4; ÉÚßÑÔ ÉÚ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÔÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ,
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÁÑ ÄÉÓËÉ <acronym>ATA</acronym>, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ
	ÂÅÚ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ × <filename>loader.conf</filename>.
	åÓÌÉ ÅÓÔØ ÓÏÍÎÅÎÉÑ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÍÏÄÕÌØ, É ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÔÏÍ ÏÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ
	ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ × ÑÄÒÅ.</para>
    </warning>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="kernelconfig-building">
    <title>óÂÏÒËÁ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ</title>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>kernel</primary>
      <secondary>ÓÂÏÒËÁ / ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <note>
      <para>äÌÑ ÓÂÏÒËÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
	&os;.</para>
    </note>

    <para>÷Ï-ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ, ÄÁ×ÁÊÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÅÍ ËÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÂÚÏÒ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ
      ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔØ ÓÂÏÒËÁ ÑÄÒÁ.  ÷ÓÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÕÐÏÍÉÎÁÔØÓÑ, ÂÕÄÕÔ
      ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ ÐÏ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÀ Ë ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍÕ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÕ
      <filename>/usr/src/sys</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ËÁË ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
      <filename>/sys</filename>.  üÔÏÔ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×,
      ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÈ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓ
      ÂÕÄÅÔ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>/conf</filename>,
      × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÑÄÒÁ É × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ
      ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>compile</filename>, ÇÄÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ
      ÓÏÂÉÒÁÔØÓÑ ×ÁÛÅ ÑÄÒÏ.  <replaceable>arch</replaceable> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
      <filename>i386</filename>,
      <filename>amd64</filename>, <filename>ia64</filename>,
      <filename>powerpc</filename>, <filename>sparc64</filename> ÉÌÉ
      <filename>pc98</filename> (ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÁÑ ×ÅÔ×Ø ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ,
      ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÁÑ × ñÐÏÎÉÉ).  ÷ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÊ
      ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ë ÜÔÏÊ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÅ; ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÄ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
      ÍÁÛÉÎÎÏ ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÍ É ÏÂÝÉÍ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ &os; ÍÏÖÅÔ
      ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌØÎÏ
      ÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÕÀ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÕ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×, ×
      ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ËÁÖÄÏÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ËÁÖÄÁÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ É
      ËÁÖÄÁÑ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÁÅÔÓÑ × Ó×Ï£Í ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ.</para>

    <para>÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁÈ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ
      ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÕ i386.  åÓÌÉ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÁ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ × ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁÈ, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
      ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÉÍÅÎÁ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×.</para>

    <note>
      <para>åÓÌÉ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/usr/src/sys</filename> ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ × ×ÁÛÅÊ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ (ÉÌÉ ÜÔÏÔ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÐÕÓÔ), ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÉÔ, ÞÔÏ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ
	ÎÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ.  îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÉÈ
	&mdash; ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ <command>sysinstall</command>
	ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <username>root</username>, ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ
	<guimenuitem>Configure</guimenuitem>, ÐÏÔÏÍ
	<guimenuitem>Distributions</guimenuitem>, ÐÏÔÏÍ
	<guimenuitem>src</guimenuitem>,
	É ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ &mdash; <guimenuitem>All</guimenuitem>.  äÁÌÅÅ,
	ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙÌËÉ <filename>/sys/</filename>,
	É, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔŠţ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /usr/src/sys /sys</userinput></screen>
    </note>

    <para>úÁÔÅÍ, ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
      <filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>/conf</filename>
      É ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ <filename>GENERIC</filename>
      × ÆÁÊÌ Ó ×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÙÍ ×ÁÍÉ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/sys/<replaceable>i386</replaceable>/conf</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cp GENERIC <replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput></screen>

    <para>ðÏ ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÉ ÉÍÑ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÂÕË× × ×ÅÒÈÎÅÍ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÅ, É ÅÓÌÉ
      ×Ù ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ× &os; ÎÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÏÍ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ,
      ÈÏÒÏÛÁÑ ÉÄÅÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÜÔÏ ÉÍÑ Ë ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ.  íÙ ÎÁÚ×ÁÌÉ ÑÄÒÏ
      <filename><replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></filename> × ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ.</para>

    <tip>
      <para>ðÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ × <filename>/usr/src</filename>
	ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÌÏÈÏÊ ÉÄÅÅÊ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÙÔÙ×ÁÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ,
	ÉÈ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÕÄÁÌÉ× <filename>/usr/src</filename> É ÎÁÞÁ×
	×ÓÅ Ó ÎÁÞÁÌÁ.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÅËÕÎÄ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
	ÐÏÎÑÔØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÕÄÁÌÉÌÉ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÑÄÒÁ.  îÅ
	ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ <filename>GENERIC</filename>, ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÉÓÁÎ É ÐÒÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ <link
	linkend="cutting-edge">ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÄÅÒÅ×Á ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</link>,
	É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÑÄÒÁ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎÙ.</para>

      <para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ × ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ,
	Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÕÀ ÓÓÙÌËÕ ÎÁ ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	<filename><replaceable>i386</replaceable></filename>.</para>

      <para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/sys/<replaceable>i386</replaceable>/conf</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /root/kernels</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cp GENERIC /root/kernels/<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /root/kernels/<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput></screen>
    </tip>

    <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename><replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></filename> × Ó×Ï£Í
      ÌÀÂÉÍÏÍ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÅ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔÅ, ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ
      ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÏÍ ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ <application>vi</application>,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÓÌÏÖÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÐÉÓÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÚÄÅÓØ,
      ÎÏ × <link linkend="bibliography">ÂÉÂÌÉÏÇÒÁÆÉÉ</link> ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÏ
      ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ËÎÉÇ, × ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÏÓ×ÅÝÅÎÏ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ &os;
      ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ <application>ee</application>,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù &mdash; ÎÏ×ÉÞÏË, ÐÏÄÏÊÄ£Ô ×ÁÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ.  îÅ ÓÔÅÓÎÑÊÔÅÓØ
      ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÅ× × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ, Ó ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÚÉÔØ ×ÁÛÕ
      ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ ÉÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÓÄÅÌÁÌÉ ÐÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó
      <filename>GENERIC</filename>.</para>
    <indexterm><primary>SunOS</primary></indexterm>

    <para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÈÏÄÉÌÏÓØ ÓÏÂÉÒÁÔØ ÑÄÒÏ ÄÌÑ &sunos; ÉÌÉ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ
      ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÔÉÐÁ BSD, ÍÎÏÇÏÅ ÉÚ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ × ÜÔÏÍ
      ÆÁÊÌÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÞÅÎØ ÚÎÁËÏÍÏ ×ÁÍ.  åÓÌÉ ÖÅ ×Ù, ÎÁÐÒÏÔÉ×, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ
      ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÔÁËÕÀ ËÁË DOS, ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ
      <filename>GENERIC</filename> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ×ÁÍ ËÒÁÊÎÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ
      ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑÍ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ <link
      linkend="kernelconfig-config">ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ</link> ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ É
      ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÏ.</para>

    <note>
      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù <link
	linkend="cutting-edge">ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</link>
	Ó ÄÅÒÅ×ÏÍ ÐÒÏÅËÔÁ &os;, ÎÅ ÚÁÂÕÄØÔÅ Ó×ÅÒÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÆÁÊÌÏÍ
	<filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> ÐÅÒÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ
	ÆÁÊÌÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ×ÓÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ É ÏÂÌÁÓÔÉ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ, ÔÒÅÂÕÀÝÉÅ
	ÏÓÏÂÏÇÏ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÑ.
	<filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
	×ÁÛÉÈ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× &os;, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÁËÔÕÁÌØÎÙÍ
	ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÏÍ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ÞÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï.</para>
    </note>

    <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÑÄÒÏ.</para>

    <procedure>
      <title>óÂÏÒËÁ ÑÄÒÁ</title>

      <note>
	<para>äÌÑ ÓÂÏÒËÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
	  &os;.</para>
      </note>

      <step>
	<para>ðÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename
	  class="directory">/usr/src</filename>:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput></screen>
      </step>

      <step>
	<para>óÏÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make buildkernel KERNCONF=<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput></screen>
      </step>

      <step>
	<para>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make installkernel KERNCONF=<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput></screen>
      </step>
    </procedure>

    <tip>
      <para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÐÒÉ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ, <emphasis>×ÓÅ</emphasis>
	ÍÏÄÕÌÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÔÁË ÖÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÅÒÅÓÏÂÒÁÎÙ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ
	ÑÄÒÏ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ
	ÎÕÖÎÏ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>
	ÐÅÒÅÄ ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÓÂÏÒËÉ ÑÄÒÁ:</para>

      <programlisting>MODULES_OVERRIDE = linux acpi sound/sound sound/driver/ds1 ntfs</programlisting>

      <para>üÔÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÉÔØ
	×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ.</para>

      <programlisting>WITHOUT_MODULES = linux acpi sound ntfs</programlisting>

      <para>÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
	ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÉÚ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÓÂÏÒËÉ.
	úÁ ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
	ÐÏÓÞÉÔÁÔØ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÍÉ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÓÂÏÒËÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ
	ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.make.conf.5;.</para>
    </tip>

    <indexterm>
      <primary><filename class="directory">/boot/kernel.old</filename></primary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>îÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename
      class="directory">/boot/kernel</filename> ËÁË
      <filename>/boot/kernel/kernel</filename>, Á ÓÔÁÒÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÏ ×
      <filename>/boot/kernel.old/kernel</filename>.
      ôÅÐÅÒØ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ,
      ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ.  åÓÌÉ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÐÏÊÄ£Ô ÎÅ ÔÁË, ×Ù
      ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <link
      linkend="kernelconfig-trouble">òÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ</link> × ËÏÎÃÅ
      ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ
      ÐÏÌÅÚÅÎ.  îÅ ÚÁÂÕÄØÔÅ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÔØ
      ÒÁÚÄÅÌ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÏÂßÑÓÎÑÅÔ ËÁË ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÀ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÑÄÒÏ <link
      linkend="kernelconfig-noboot">ÎÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ</link>.</para>

    <note>
      <para>äÒÕÇÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÅÓÑ Ë
	ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÕ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË (&man.loader.8;) É ÅÇÏ
	ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÒÁÚÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ × <filename>/boot</filename>.
	íÏÄÕÌÉ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÈ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÙ ×
	<filename class="directory">/boot/kernel</filename>, ÈÏÔÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ
	ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÚÎÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ
	ÏÞÅÎØ ×ÁÖÎÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ ÂÙÌÉ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ Ó ÓÏÂÒÁÎÎÙÍ ÑÄÒÏÍ.
	íÏÄÕÌÉ, ÎÅ ÒÁÓÓÞÉÔÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ Ó ÓÏÂÒÁÎÎÙÍ ÑÄÒÏÍ, ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ
	ÎÅÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÏÓÔØ É ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÓÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ.</para>
    </note>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="kernelconfig-config">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Joel</firstname>
	  <surname>Dahl</surname>
	  <contrib>ïÂÎÏ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ</title>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>ÑÄÒÏ</primary>
      <secondary>NOTES</secondary>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm><primary>NOTES</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>ÑÄÒÏ</primary>
      <secondary>ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>æÏÒÍÁÔ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔ.  ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ
      ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ËÌÀÞÅ×ÏÅ ÓÌÏ×Ï É ÏÄÉÎ ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏ×.  äÌÑ
      ÐÒÏÓÔÏÔÙ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓÔÒÏË ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ.  ÷Ó£, ÞÔÏ
      ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÚÁ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏÍ <literal>#</literal> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÅÍ É
      ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ.  óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ, ×
      ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÏÎÉ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ × <filename>GENERIC</filename>.
      <anchor id="kernelconfig-options"/> úÁ ÐÏÌÎÙÍ ÓÐÉÓËÏÍ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÎÏ-ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÈ
      ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× É ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ <filename>NOTES</filename>
      × ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ, ÞÔÏ É <filename>GENERIC</filename>.  áÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÎÏ
      ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ×
      <filename>/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES</filename>.</para>

    <para>äÉÒÅËÔÉ×Á <literal>include</literal> ÓÔÁÌÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÊ
      ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ.  ïÎÁ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ËÌÀÞÁÔØ
      × ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ
      ÕÐÒÏÝÁÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÆÁÊÌ.
      îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ
      ÏÐÃÉÊ ÉÌÉ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ× × ÑÄÒÏ <filename>GENERIC</filename>, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÄÅÔÓÑ
      ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚÎÉÃÕ Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ GENERIC:</para>

    <programlisting>include GENERIC
ident MYKERNEL

options         IPFIREWALL
options         DUMMYNET
options         IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT
options         IPDIVERT
</programlisting>

    <para>âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏ× ÏÃÅÎÑÔ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Á
      ÐÅÒÅÄ ÓÔÁÒÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ &mdash; ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ
      <quote>Ó ÎÕÌÑ</quote>: ×ÁÛ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÔØ
      ÔÏÌØËÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ <filename>GENERIC</filename>.  á ÐÏÓÌÅ
      ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÊ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ, ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ, ÐÏÑ×É×ÛÉÅÓÑ
      × GENERIC, ÂÕÄÕÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ É × ×ÁÛÕ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ, ÅÓÌÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ
      ÎÅ ÐÒÅÐÑÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÜÔÏÍÕ ÄÉÒÅËÔÉ×ÁÍÉ <literal>nooptions</literal>
      ÉÌÉ <literal>nodevice</literal>.  äÁÌÅÅ × ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
      ÔÉÐÏ×ÏÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, ÅÇÏ ÏÐÃÉÉ É ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
      ÉÈ ÒÏÌÉ.</para>

    <note>
      <para>äÌÑ ÓÂÏÒËÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÓÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍÉ ÏÐÃÉÑÍÉ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
	ÄÌÑ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ), ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÏÔ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
	(<username>root</username>) ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/sys/<replaceable>i386</replaceable>/conf &gt;&gt; make LINT</userinput></screen>
    </note>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>kernel</primary>
      <secondary>ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>üÔÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÑÄÒÁ
      <filename>GENERIC</filename> Ó ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÑÍÉ,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÑÓÎÏÓÔÉ.  üÔÏÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÔØ Ó ×ÁÛÅÊ
      ËÏÐÉÅÊ ×
      <filename>/usr/src/sys/<replaceable>i386</replaceable>/conf/GENERIC</filename>
      ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ.</para>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÑÄÒÁ</primary>
      <secondary>machine</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <programlisting>machine        i386</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÏ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.  ïÎÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ
      ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ:
      <literal>amd64</literal>,
      <literal>i386</literal>, <literal>ia64</literal>,
      <literal>pc98</literal>, <literal>powerpc</literal>, ÉÌÉ
      <literal>sparc64</literal>.</para>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÑÄÒÁ</primary>
      <secondary>cpu</secondary>
    </indexterm>
    <programlisting>cpu          I486_CPU
cpu          I586_CPU
cpu          I686_CPU</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÔÉÐ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ × ×ÁÛÅÊ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  ÷ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÊ ÜÔÏÊ
      ÏÐÃÉÉ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ, ËÁËÏÊ ÉÚ ÔÉÐÏ× ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ &mdash; <literal>I586_CPU</literal> ÉÌÉ
      <literal>I686_CPU</literal>), ÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ
      ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÏÔ ÔÉÐ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù
      ÎÅ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ, ËÁËÏÊ ÔÉÐ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
      ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÏÍ <filename>/var/run/dmesg.boot</filename>, ÞÔÏÂÙ
      Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÑÄÒÁ</primary>
      <secondary>ident</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <programlisting>ident          GENERIC</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ <quote>ÍÅÔËÕ</quote> ÑÄÒÁ.  îÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ,
      ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÌÁ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÀ ÆÁÊÌÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
      <literal><replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></literal>, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÌÉ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑÍ × ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ
      ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁÈ.  úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×Ù ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÉÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÕ
      <literal>ident</literal> ÂÕÄÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ
      ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÍ ÑÄÒÁÍ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÔØ ÉÈ ÏÔ
      ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÓÏÂÒÁÔØ ÜËÓÐÅÒÉÍÅÎÔÁÌØÎÏÅ
      ÑÄÒÏ).</para>

    <programlisting>#To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints
#hints          "GENERIC.hints"         # Default places to look for devices.</programlisting>

    <para>&man.device.hints.5; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
      ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ× ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.  ðÕÔØ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
      &man.loader.8; ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÔØ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ -
      <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>.  éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÏÐÃÉÀ
      <literal>hints</literal> ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ
      ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ × ×ÁÛÅ ÑÄÒÏ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ
      <filename>device.hints</filename> × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
      <filename>/boot</filename>.</para>

    <!-- XXX: Add a comment here that explains when compiling hints into
      the kernel is a good idea and why. -->

    <programlisting>makeoptions     DEBUG=-g          # Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols</programlisting>

    <para>ðÒÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÍ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ × ÓÂÏÒËÕ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÁÑ
      ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ: ÏÐÃÉÑ <option>-g</option> ÐÅÒÅÄÁÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÕ
      &man.gcc.1;.</para>

    <programlisting>options          SCHED_ULE         # ULE scheduler</programlisting>

    <para>ðÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÝÉË ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×Ï &os;.  ïÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ.</para>

    <programlisting>options          PREEMPTION         # Enable kernel thread preemption</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÙÓÏËÏÐÒÉÏÒÉÔÅÔÎÙÍ ÎÉÔÑÍ ÑÄÒÁ ×ÙÔÅÓÎÑÔØ ËÏÎËÕÒÅÎÔÏ×,
      ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÈÓÑ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ.  üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ ÐÏ×ÙÓÉÔØ
      ÒÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÀ Ë ×ÎÅÛÎÉÍ ×ÏÚÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑÍ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
      ÚÁ ÓÞÅÔ ÓÎÉÖÅÎÉÑ ÌÁÔÅÎÔÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÉÔÅÊ, ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÝÉÈ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>

    <programlisting>options          INET              # InterNETworking</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ.  ïÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ, ÄÁÖÅ
      ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÓÅÔÉ.  âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ,
      ÞÔÏÂÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌ ÈÏÔÑ ÂÙ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ (loopback) (Ô.Å.
      ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ðë), ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÜÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ×
      ÐÒÉÎÃÉÐÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ.</para>

    <programlisting>options          INET6             # IPv6 communications protocols</programlisting>

    <para>÷ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ× IPv6.</para>

    <programlisting>options          FFS               # Berkeley Fast Filesystem</programlisting>

    <para>÷ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  îÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÊÔÅ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ,
      ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ.</para>

    <programlisting>options          SOFTUPDATES       # Enable FFS Soft Updates support</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ × ÑÄÒÅ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÀ Soft Updates, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
      ÐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÉ.  îÅÓÍÏÔÒÑ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÁ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÑ
      ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ × ÑÄÒÅ, ÏÎÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×.
      ðÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ×Ù×ÏÄ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.mount.8; ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÌÉ
      Soft Updates ÄÌÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
      <literal>soft-updates</literal>, ×ÁÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÁËÔÉ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ
      ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.tunefs.8; (ÄÌÑ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ) ÉÌÉ
      ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.newfs.8; (ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ).</para>

    <programlisting>options          UFS_ACL           # Support for access control lists</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ × ÑÄÒÅ
      ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÓÐÉÓËÏ× ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÏÍ (ACL).  ïÓÎÏ×Ù×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÈ ÁÔÒÉÂÕÔÏ× É <acronym>UFS2</acronym>, ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÏÅ
      ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <xref linkend="fs-acl"/>.
      <acronym>ACL</acronym> ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ É ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÙËÌÀÞÁÔØÓÑ ×
      ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÉ ÒÁÎÅÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉÓØ ÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÜÔÏ
      ÕÄÁÌÉÔ ÓÐÉÓËÉ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÏÍ É ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔ ÔÏ, ËÁË ÚÁÝÉÝÅÎÙ ÆÁÊÌÙ,
      ÎÅÐÒÅÄÓËÁÚÕÅÍÙÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ.</para>

    <programlisting>options          UFS_DIRHASH       # Improve performance on big directories</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ
      ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ ÎÁ ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁÈ × ÏÂÍÅÎ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
      ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  äÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÉÌÉ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ
      ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÅÅ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ, É ×ÙËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÄÌÑ
      ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÒÉÏÒÉÔÅÔÎÁ ÐÁÍÑÔØ, ÞÅÍ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÄÉÓËÁÍ,
      ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ.</para>

    <programlisting>options          MD_ROOT           # MD is a potential root device</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×
      × ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÄÌÑ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÑÄÒÁ</primary>
      <secondary>NFS</secondary>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÑÄÒÁ</primary>
      <secondary>NFS_ROOT</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <programlisting>options          NFSCLIENT         # Network Filesystem Client
options          NFSSERVER         # Network Filesystem Server
options          NFS_ROOT          # NFS usable as /, requires NFSCLIENT</programlisting>

    <para>óÅÔÅ×ÁÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ
      Ó ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ &unix; ÞÅÒÅÚ TCP/IP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ
      ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÉÚ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÑÄÒÁ</primary>
      <secondary>MSDOSFS</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <programlisting>options          MSDOSFS           # MSDOS Filesystem</programlisting>

    <para>æÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ &ms-dos;.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÅÓØ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
      ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ × DOS ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ × ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
      ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏ ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ.  îÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÂÕÄÅÔ
      Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù × ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ DOS, ÔÁË,
      ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ ÎÉÖÅ.  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÚÁÍÅÞÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÁËÅÔ
      <filename role="package">emulators/mtools</filename> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ
      ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë DOS ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÍ ÂÅÚ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ÒÁÚÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ
      (É ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ <literal>MSDOSFS</literal>).</para>

    <programlisting>options          CD9660            # ISO 9660 Filesystem</programlisting>

    <para>æÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ISO 9660 ÄÌÑ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÏ×.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÁ
      CDROM ÉÌÉ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÌÉÛØ ÉÚÒÅÄËÁ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÉ Ó ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ,
      ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÜÔÕ ÓÔÒÏËÕ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎ
      Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ Ó ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ.  äÌÑ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ú×ÕËÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÏ× ÜÔÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ
      ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ.</para>

    <programlisting>options          PROCFS            # Process filesystem (requires PSEUDOFS)</programlisting>

    <para>æÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×.  üÔÏ <quote>×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÁÑ</quote> ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÅÍÁÑ × <filename>/proc</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÔÁËÉÍ
      ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ, ËÁË &man.ps.1; ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÔØ ×ÁÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÎÙÈ
      ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁÈ.  éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <literal>PROCFS</literal> ÎÅ
      ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÍÏÎÉÔÏÒÉÎÇÏ×ÙÈ É ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÙÈ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÏ×
      ÂÙÌÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÂÅÚ <literal>PROCFS</literal>:
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÎÅ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×.</para>

    <programlisting>options          PSEUDOFS          # Pseudo-filesystem framework</programlisting>

    <para>ñÄÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ <literal>PROCFS</literal>, ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
      ÔÁËÖÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ <literal>PSEUDOFS</literal>,</para>

    <programlisting>options          GEOM_PART_GPT     # GUID Partition Tables.</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á
      ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ.</para>

    <programlisting>options          COMPAT_43         # Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]</programlisting>

    <para>óÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ Ó 4.3BSD.  îÅ ×ÙËÌÀÞÁÊÔÅ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ; ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
      ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ÅÓÔÉ ÓÅÂÑ ÓÔÒÁÎÎÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×
      ÑÄÒÅ.</para>

    <programlisting>options          COMPAT_FREEBSD4   # Compatible with &os;4</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
      ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÓÏÂÒÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ &os;, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÓÔÁÒÙÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï×.  òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÁÎÎÕÀ
      ÏÐÃÉÀ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÎÁ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁÈ &i386;, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÍÏÇÕÔ
      ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØÓÑ ÓÔÁÒÙÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ; ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÏÑ×ÉÌÁÓØ
      ÔÏÌØËÏ × &os;&nbsp;5.X, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ia64 É &sparc64;, ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÜÔÏÊ
      ÏÐÃÉÉ.</para>

    <programlisting>options          COMPAT_FREEBSD5   # Compatible with &os;5</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ
      ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ &os;&nbsp;5.X É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï× &os;&nbsp;5.X.</para>

    <programlisting>options          COMPAT_FREEBSD6   # Compatible with &os;6</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÓÏÂÒÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ &os;
      ×ÅÒÓÉÊ 6.X, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï×
      &os;&nbsp;6.X.</para>

    <programlisting>options          COMPAT_FREEBSD7   # Compatible with &os;7</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ &os; ×ÅÒÓÉÊ 8 É ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÚÄÎÉÈ
      ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÓÏÂÒÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÌÑ &os;&nbsp;7.X É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÈ
      ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï× &os;&nbsp;7.X.</para>

    <programlisting>options          SCSI_DELAY=5000  # Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÑÄÒÏ ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁ 5 ÓÅËÕÎÄ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ,
      ËÁË ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ËÁÖÄÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï SCSI × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ
      ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÖÅÓÔËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ IDE, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ, ×
      ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ×Ù ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ ÜÔÏ ÞÉÓÌÏ,
      ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÓËÏÒÉÔØ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ.  åÓÔÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù
      ÓÄÅÌÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÏ, Á Õ &os; ÐÏÑ×ÑÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÎÉÅÍ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
      SCSI, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ.</para>

    <programlisting>options          KTRACE            # ktrace(1) support</programlisting>

    <para>÷ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÔÒÁÓÓÉÒÏ×ËÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×, ÞÔÏ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ ÐÒÉ
      ÏÔÌÁÄËÅ.</para>

    <programlisting>options          SYSVSHM           # SYSV-style shared memory</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÅÍÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ System&nbsp;V.
      îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÎÏÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ &mdash; ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ XSHM × X, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ
      ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ, ÉÎÔÅÎÓÉ×ÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ Ó ÇÒÁÆÉËÏÊ, ÂÕÄÕÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÉÑ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ X,
      ÜÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ.</para>

    <programlisting>options          SYSVMSG           # SYSV-style message queues</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ System&nbsp;V.  üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
      ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ × ÑÄÒÏ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÏÔÅÎ ÂÁÊÔ.</para>

    <programlisting>options          SYSVSEM           # SYSV-style semaphores</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÓÅÍÁÆÏÒÏ× System&nbsp;V.  îÅ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÁÑ
      ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ, ÎÏ × ÑÄÒÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÏÔÅÎ ÂÁÊÔ.</para>

    <note>
      <para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ &man.ipcs.1; Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <option>-p</option> ÐÏËÁÖÅÔ
	×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÌÀÂÕÀ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ
	System&nbsp;V.</para>
    </note>

    <programlisting>options 	     _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions</programlisting>

    <para>òÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ, ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ 1993 &posix;.  ïÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÅ
      ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÉÈ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
      <application>&staroffice;</application>.</para>

    <programlisting>options          KBD_INSTALL_CDEV  # install a CDEV entry in /dev</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÅÔ ÆÏÒÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ×
      <filename>/dev</filename> ÄÌÑ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒ.</para>

    <programlisting>options          ADAPTIVE_GIANT    # Giant mutex is adaptive.</programlisting>

    <para>Giant&nbsp;&mdash; ÉÍÑ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ (<quote>ÓÐÑÝÅÇÏ</quote>
      ÍØÀÔÅËÓÁ) ÄÌÑ ËÒÕÐÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ× ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ× ÑÄÒÁ.  îÁ ÎÙÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
      Giant ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÆÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÅÐÒÉÇÏÄÎÙÍ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × Ó×ÑÚÉ
      Ó ÓÅÒØÅÚÎÙÍÉ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÍÉ × ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ, É ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ
      ÎÁ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÙ, ÚÁÝÉÝÁÀÝÉÅ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ ÑÄÒÁ.  ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
      <literal>ADAPTIVE_GIANT</literal> ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ Giant × ÞÉÓÌÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
      ÍØÀÔÅËÓÏ×: × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÉÔØ ÑÄÒÁ ÎÕÖÄÁÅÔÓÑ × Giant, Á ÏÎ ÕÖÅ
      ÚÁÈ×ÁÞÅÎ ÎÉÔØÀ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÝÅÊÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÅ, ÐÅÒ×ÁÑ ÎÉÔØ
      ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ É ÖÄÁÔØ ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ Giant.  ÷ ÎÏÒÍÅ
      ÎÉÔØ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÌÁ ÂÙ ÕÓÎÕÔØ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÓÔÁÎÅÔ ÏÞÅÒÅÄÎÏÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÅÅ
      ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ, ÏÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ × ÐÏËÏÅ.</para>

    <note>
      <para>äÌÑ &os; 8.0-RELEASE É ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÚÄÎÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ, ×ÓÅ ÍØÀÔÅËÓÙ
	Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÁÄÁÐÔÉ×ÎÙÍÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÅ ÎÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏ
	ÏÐÃÉÅÊ <literal>NO_ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</literal>.  óÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ,
	Giant ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÉ×ÅÎ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, É ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÏÐÃÉÑ
	<literal>ADAPTIVE_GIANT</literal> ÂÙÌÁ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
    </note>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>kernel options</primary>
      <secondary>SMP</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <programlisting>device          apic               # I/O APIC</programlisting>

    <para>õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï apic ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ I/O APIC ÄÌÑ
      ÒÁÓÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÊ.  ïÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÏ ËÁË Ó
      ÏÄÎÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÎÙÍÉ, ÔÁË É Ó ÍÎÏÇÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÎÙÍÉ ÑÄÒÁÍÉ (ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÈ
      ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ apic Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍ).  äÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÎÏÓÔÉ
      ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ <literal>options SMP</literal>.</para>

    <note>
      <para>õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï apic ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÁÈ i386.
	îÁ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÁÈ ÜÔÏÔ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÎÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ.</para>
    </note>


    <programlisting>device          eisa</programlisting>

    <para>÷ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÎÓËÁÑ ÐÌÁÔÁ EISA.  üÔÏ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ
      Á×ÔÏÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ É ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÎÁ ÛÉÎÅ
      EISA.</para>

    <programlisting>device          pci</programlisting>

    <para>÷ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÎÓËÁÑ ÐÌÁÔÁ Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ
      PCI.  üÔÏ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔ Á×ÔÏÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ËÁÒÔ PCI É ÐÒÏËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÛÉÎÙ PCI ×
      ÛÉÎÕ ISA.</para>



    <programlisting># Floppy drives
device          fdc</programlisting>

    <para>ëÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ ÆÌÏÐÐÉ-ÄÉÓËÁ.</para>

    <programlisting># ATA and ATAPI devices
device          ata</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÏÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ATA É ATAPI.  ÷ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ
      ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÎÁ ÓÔÒÏËÁ <literal>device ata</literal> × ÑÄÒÅ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
      ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØ ×ÓÅ PCI ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ATA/ATAPI × ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ.</para>

    <programlisting>device          atadisk                 # ATA disk drives</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÁ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó <literal>device ata</literal> ÄÌÑ
      ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÄÉÓËÏ× ATA.</para>

    <programlisting>device          ataraid                 # ATA RAID drives</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÁ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó <literal>device ata</literal>
      ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÄÉÓËÏ× ATA RAID.</para>

    <programlisting><anchor id="kernelconfig-atapi"/>
device          atapicd                 # ATAPI CDROM drives</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÏ× ATAPI CDROM.  éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó
      <literal>device ata</literal>.</para>

    <programlisting>device          atapifd                 # ATAPI floppy drives</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÆÌÏÐÐÉ-ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÏ× ATAPI.  éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó
      <literal>device ata</literal>.</para>

    <programlisting>device          atapist                 # ATAPI tape drives</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÌÅÎÔÏÞÎÙÈ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÏ× ATAPI (ÓÔÒÉÍÅÒÏ×).  éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó
      <literal>device ata</literal>.</para>

    <programlisting>options         ATA_STATIC_ID           # Static device numbering</programlisting>

    <para>úÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÎÕÍÅÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ;
      × ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÎÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÑ.</para>

    <programlisting># SCSI Controllers
device          ahb        # EISA AHA1742 family
device          ahc        # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
options         AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT    # Print register bitfields in debug
                                        # output.  Adds ~128k to driver.
device          ahd        # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
options         AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT    # Print register bitfields in debug
                                        # output.  Adds ~215k to driver.
device          amd        # AMD 53C974 (Teckram DC-390(T))
device          isp        # Qlogic family
#device         ispfw      # Firmware for QLogic HBAs- normally a module
device          mpt        # LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion
#device         ncr        # NCR/Symbios Logic
device          sym        # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets + those of `ncr')
device          trm        # Tekram DC395U/UW/F DC315U adapters

device          adv        # Advansys SCSI adapters
device          adw        # Advansys wide SCSI adapters
device          aha        # Adaptec 154x SCSI adapters
device          aic        # Adaptec 15[012]x SCSI adapters, AIC-6[23]60.
device          bt         # Buslogic/Mylex MultiMaster SCSI adapters

device          ncv        # NCR 53C500
device          nsp        # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
device          stg        # TMC 18C30/18C50</programlisting>

    <para>ëÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÙ SCSI.  úÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ Õ ×ÁÓ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ.
      åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÉÓËÌÀÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ IDE ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ×ÓÅ
      ÜÔÉ ÓÔÒÏËÉ.  óÔÒÏËÉ ×ÉÄÁ <literal>*_REG_PRETTY_PRINT</literal> ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔ
      ÒÅÖÉÍ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ×.</para>

    <programlisting># SCSI peripherals
device          scbus      # SCSI bus (required for SCSI)
device          ch         # SCSI media changers
device          da         # Direct Access (disks)
device          sa         # Sequential Access (tape etc)
device          cd         # CD
device          pass       # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
device          ses        # SCSI Environmental Services (and SAF-TE)</programlisting>

    <para>ðÅÒÉÆÅÒÉÊÎÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á SCSI.  ïÐÑÔØ-ÔÁËÉ, ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÔÅ,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ Õ ×ÁÓ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ, ÉÌÉ, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ × ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ÉÓËÌÀÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ IDE,
      ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ×ÓÅ.</para>

    <note>
      <para>USB &man.umass.4; ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ (É ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ) ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ
	ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ SCSI, ÈÏÔÑ É ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÍÉ SCSI ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ.
	óÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ, ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ SCSI, ÅÓÌÉ
	ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ× ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
    </note>

    <programlisting># RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem
device          amr        # AMI MegaRAID
device		arcmsr	   # Areca SATA II RAID
device          asr        # DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI RAID
device          ciss       # Compaq Smart RAID 5*
device          dpt        # DPT Smartcache III, IV - See NOTES for options
device          hptmv      # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x
device          hptrr      # Highpoint RocketRAID 17xx, 22xx, 23xx, 25xx
device          iir        # Intel Integrated RAID
device          ips        # IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID
device          mly        # Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID
device          twa        # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID

# RAID controllers
device          aac        # Adaptec FSA RAID
device          aacp       # SCSI passthrough for aac (requires CAM)
device          ida        # Compaq Smart RAID
device          mfi        # LSI MegaRAID SAS
device          mlx        # Mylex DAC960 family
device          pst        # Promise Supertrak SX6000
device          twe        # 3ware ATA RAID</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ RAID-ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÙ.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÔÁËÏ×ÙÈ, ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÈ
      ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÓÔÒÏËÉ.</para>

    <programlisting># atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
device          atkbdc     # AT keyboard controller</programlisting>

    <para>ëÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÙ (<literal>atkbdc</literal>) ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
      ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×Á ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÄÌÑ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÙ AT É PS/2 ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.  üÔÏÔ
      ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÕ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÙ (<literal>atkbd</literal>) É
      PS/2 ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× (<literal>psm</literal>).</para>

    <programlisting>device          atkbd      # AT keyboard</programlisting>

    <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <literal>atkbd</literal> ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÏÍ
      <literal>atkbdc</literal> ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÅ AT 84 ÉÌÉ
      ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÎÏÊ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÅ AT, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÁ Ë ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÕ AT
      ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÙ.</para>

    <programlisting>device          psm        # PS/2 mouse</programlisting>

    <para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÜÔÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ ÍÙÛØ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÐÏÒÔ
      PS/2.</para>

    <programlisting>device          kbdmux        # keyboard multiplexer</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÍÕÌØÔÉÐÌÅËÓÏÒÁ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒ.  åÓÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä×ÕÈ É ÂÏÌÅÅ
      ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒ ÎÅ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ, ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÍÅÌÏ ÉÓËÌÀÞÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ.</para>

    <programlisting>device          vga        # VGA video card driver</programlisting>

    <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁÒÔÙ.</para>

    <programlisting>
device          splash     # Splash screen and screen saver support</programlisting>

    <para>úÁÓÔÁ×ËÁ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ.  èÒÁÎÉÔÅÌÉ ÜËÒÁÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÜÔÏÇÏ
      ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á.</para>

    <programlisting># syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
device          sc</programlisting>

    <para><literal>sc</literal> &mdash; ÜÔÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
      ÉÍÉÔÉÒÕÅÔ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ SCO.  ôÁË ËÁË ÂÏÌØÛÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ËÏÎÓÏÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÌÎÏÜËÒÁÎÎÙÈ
      ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÀÔÓÑ Ë ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÕÀ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÕ
      <filename>termcap</filename>, ×ÁÓ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ×ÏÌÎÏ×ÁÔØ, ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÌÉ ×Ù
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ, ÌÉÂÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <literal>vt</literal>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
      Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ <literal>VT220</literal>-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÍ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ.  åÓÌÉ Õ
      ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔ ËÁËÉÅ-ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÍÉ Ó ÜÔÉÍ
      ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ <envar>TERM</envar> ×
      ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <literal>scoansi</literal>.</para>

    <programlisting># Enable this for the pcvt (VT220 compatible) console driver
#device          vt
#options         XSERVER          # support for X server on a vt console
#options         FAT_CURSOR       # start with block cursor</programlisting>

    <para>VT220-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ, ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ Ó VT100/102.
      ïÎ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÌÜÐÔÏÐÁÈ, Õ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ
      ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó <literal>sc</literal>.  ôÁËÖÅ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ
      ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ <envar>TERM</envar> × ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <literal>vt100</literal> ÉÌÉ
      <literal>vt220</literal>.  üÔÏÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÅÚÅÎ ×
      ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÂÏÌØÛÏÍÕ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Õ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÍÁÛÉÎ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÅÔØ, ÎÁ
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á <literal>sc</literal> ÄÌÑ
      <filename>termcap</filename> ÉÌÉ <filename>terminfo</filename> ÍÏÇÕÔ
      ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ &mdash; <literal>vt100</literal> ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
      ÎÁ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÅ.</para>

    <programlisting>device          agp</programlisting>

    <para>÷ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ AGP ËÁÒÔÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  üÔÏ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔ
      ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ AGP É AGP GART ÄÌÑ ÔÅÈ ËÁÒÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÜÔÕ
      ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</para>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>APM</primary>
    </indexterm>

    <programlisting># Power management support (see NOTES for more options)
#device          apm</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ Advanced Power Management.  þÁÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ×
      ÌÜÐÔÏÐÁÈ, ÈÏÔÑ É ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.</para>

    <programlisting># Add suspend/resume support for the i8254.
device           pmtimer</programlisting>

    <para>õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÔÁÊÍÅÒÁ ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÜÎÅÒÇÏÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÅÎÉÅÍ, APM É
      ACPI.</para>

    <programlisting># PCCARD (PCMCIA) support
# PCMCIA and cardbus bridge support
device          cbb               # cardbus (yenta) bridge
device          pccard            # PC Card (16-bit) bus
device          cardbus           # CardBus (32-bit) bus</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ PCMCIA.  ÷ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÅÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÌÜÐÔÏÐ.</para>

    <programlisting># Serial (COM) ports
device          sio               # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports</programlisting>

    <para>þÅÔÙÒÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙ ËÁË
      <devicename>COM</devicename> ÐÏÒÔÙ
      × ÍÉÒÅ &ms-dos;/&windows;</para>

    <note>
      <para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÊ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÎÁ <devicename>COM4</devicename> É ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ
	<devicename>COM2</devicename>, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ ÐÏÍÅÎÑÔØ IRQ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ ÎÁ 2 (ÐÏ ÎÅÐÏÎÑÔÎÙÍ
	ÔÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÉÍ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ IRQ2 = IRQ9) ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ Ë ÎÅÍÕ
	ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ÉÚ &os;.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÒÔÏ×ÁÑ ËÁÒÔÁ Ó
	ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ ÐÏÒÔÁÍÉ, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó &man.sio.4; ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÚÎÁÔØ
	ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÙÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ×
	<filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>.  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁÒÔÙ (× ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ
	ÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÞÉÐÙ S3) ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ × ÆÏÒÍÅ
	<literal>0x*2e8</literal> É, ÔÁË ËÁË ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÄÅÛÅ×ÙÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ
	ËÁÒÔÙ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÒÁÓËÏÄÉÒÕÀÔ ÛÅÓÔÎÁÄÃÁÔÉÂÉÔÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×
	××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ, ÏÎÉ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÕÀÔ Ó ÜÔÉÍÉ ËÁÒÔÁÍÉ, × ÉÔÏÇÅ <devicename>COM4</devicename> ÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
	ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍ.</para>

	<para>ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ IRQ (ËÒÏÍÅ ÔÅÈ
	  ÓÌÕÞÁÅ×, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÍÕÌØÔÉÐÏÒÔÏ×ÕÀ ËÁÒÔÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
	  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÊ), ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
	  IRQ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ <devicename>COM3</devicename> É
	  <devicename>COM4</devicename> ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ.</para>
    </note>

    <programlisting># Parallel port
device          ppc</programlisting>

    <para>éÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÎÁ ÛÉÎÅ ISA.</para>

    <programlisting>device          ppbus      # Parallel port bus (required)</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÛÉÎÙ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ.</para>

    <programlisting>device          lpt        # Printer</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÏ× ÎÁ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÍ ÐÏÒÔÕ.</para>

    <note>
      <para>÷ÓÅ ÔÒÉ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÏ× ÎÁ
	ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÍ ÐÏÒÔÕ.</para>
    </note>

    <programlisting>device          plip       # TCP/IP over parallel</programlisting>

    <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ TCP/IP ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ.</para>

    <programlisting>device          ppi        # Parallel port interface device</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÏÂÝÅÇÏ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ (<quote>geek port</quote>) +
      IEEE1284 ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ.</para>

    <programlisting>#device         vpo        # Requires scbus and da</programlisting>

    <indexterm><primary>zip drive</primary></indexterm>
    <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÁ Iomega Zip.  ôÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ <literal>scbus</literal>
      É <literal>da</literal>.  îÁÉÌÕÞÛÁÑ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÅÔÓÑ Ó
      ÐÏÒÔÁÍÉ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ EPP 1.9.</para>

    <programlisting>#device         puc</programlisting>

    <para>òÁÓËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÜÔÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ
      <quote>ÐÒÏÓÔÁÑ</quote> ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÌÉ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÁÑ
      PCI ËÁÒÔÁ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ &man.puc.4;.</para>

    <programlisting># PCI Ethernet NICs.
device          de         # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (<quote>Tulip</quote>)
device          em         # Intel PRO/1000 adapter Gigabit Ethernet Card
device          ixgb       # Intel PRO/10GbE Ethernet Card
device          txp        # 3Com 3cR990 (<quote>Typhoon</quote>)
device          vx         # 3Com 3c590, 3c595 (<quote>Vortex</quote>)</programlisting>

    <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ËÁÒÔ PCI.  úÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÉÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÉÔÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÔÅÈ
      ËÁÒÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</para>

    <programlisting># PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
# NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
device          miibus     # MII bus support</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÛÉÎÙ MII ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ PCI 10/100 Ethernet ËÁÒÔ,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ MII-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÔÞÉËÉ ÉÌÉ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÕÀÔ
      ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÔÞÉËÏÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÍÉÔÉÒÕÅÔ MII.  äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ
      <literal>device miibus</literal> × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÑÄÒÁ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ
      ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÇÏ API miibus É ×ÓÅÈ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ× PHY, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ
      ÄÌÑ ÔÅÈ PHY, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÅÓËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÙÍ
      ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ.</para>

    <programlisting>device          bfe        # Broadcom BCM440x 10/100 Ethernet
device          bge        # Broadcom BCM570xx Gigabit Ethernet
device          dc         # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes
device          fxp        # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
device		lge	   # Level 1 LXT1001 gigabit ethernet
device          msk        # Marvell/SysKonnect Yukon II Gigabit Ethernet
device		nge	   # NatSemi DP83820 gigabit ethernet
device          pcn        # AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100 (precedence over 'lnc')
device          re         # RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S
device          rl         # RealTek 8129/8139
device          sf         # Adaptec AIC-6915 (<quote>Starfire</quote>)
device          sis        # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS 7016
device          sk         # SysKonnect SK-984x &gt; SK-982x gigabit Ethernet
device          ste        # Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)
device          stge       # Sundance/Tamarack TC9021 gigabit Ethernet
device          ti         # Alteon Networks Tigon I/II gigabit Ethernet
device          tl         # Texas Instruments ThunderLAN
device          tx         # SMC EtherPower II (83c170 <quote>EPIC</quote>)
device		vge	   # VIA VT612x gigabit ethernet
device          vr         # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
device          wb         # Winbond W89C840F
device          xl         # 3Com 3c90x (<quote>Boomerang</quote>, <quote>Cyclone</quote>)</programlisting>

    <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ ÛÉÎÙ MII.</para>

    <programlisting># ISA Ethernet NICs.  pccard NICs included.
device          cs         # Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 NIC
# 'device ed' requires 'device miibus'
device          ed         # NE[12]000, SMC Ultra, 3c503, DS8390 cards
device          ex         # Intel EtherExpress Pro/10 and Pro/10+
device          ep         # Etherlink III based cards
device          fe         # Fujitsu MB8696x based cards
device          ie         # EtherExpress 8/16, 3C507, StarLAN 10 etc.
device          lnc        # NE2100, NE32-VL Lance Ethernet cards
device          sn         # SMC's 9000 series of Ethernet chips
device          xe         # Xircom pccard Ethernet

# ISA devices that use the old ISA shims
#device         le</programlisting>

    <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ËÁÒÔ ISA.  ïÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó ÆÁÊÌÏÍ
      <filename>/usr/src/sys/<replaceable>i386</replaceable>/conf/NOTES</filename>,
      ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÚÎÁÔØ, ËÁËÉÅ
      ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁÒÔÙ ËÁËÉÍ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</para>

    <programlisting># Wireless NIC cards
device          wlan            # 802.11 support</programlisting>

    <para>Generic 802.11 support.  This line is required for wireless
      networking.</para>

    <programlisting>device          wlan_wep        # 802.11 WEP support
device          wlan_ccmp       # 802.11 CCMP support
device          wlan_tkip       # 802.11 TKIP support</programlisting>

    <para>Crypto support for 802.11 devices.  These lines are needed
      if you intend to use encryption and 802.11i security
      protocols.</para>

    <programlisting>device          an         # Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs.
device          ath             # Atheros pci/cardbus NIC's
device          ath_hal         # Atheros HAL (Hardware Access Layer)
device          ath_rate_sample # SampleRate tx rate control for ath
device          awi        # BayStack 660 and others
device          wi         # WaveLAN/Intersil/Symbol 802.11 wireless NICs.
#device         wl         # Older non 802.11 Wavelan wireless NIC.</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÈ ËÁÒÔ.</para>

    <programlisting># Pseudo devices
device   loop          # Network loopback</programlisting>

    <para>óÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ ÄÌÑ TCP/IP.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÅ
      telnet ÉÌÉ FTP ÐÏ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÀ <hostid>localhost</hostid> (ÏÎ ÖÅ <hostid
      role="ipaddr">127.0.0.1</hostid>), ÔÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÊÄ£Ô ÞÅÒÅÚ ÜÔÏ
      ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï.  üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <emphasis>ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌÅÎ</emphasis>.</para>

    <programlisting>device   random        # Entropy device</programlisting>

    <para>çÅÎÅÒÁÔÏÒ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÈ ÞÉÓÅÌ ÄÌÑ ËÒÉÐÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ.</para>

    <programlisting>device   ether         # Ethernet support</programlisting>

    <para><literal>ether</literal> ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ ÌÉÛØ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ
      ÓÅÔÅ×ÁÑ ËÁÒÔÁ.  ïÎ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ
      Ethernet.</para>

    <programlisting>device   sl            # Kernel SLIP</programlisting>

    <para><literal>sl</literal> &mdash; ÜÔÏ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ SLIP.  SLIP ÂÙÌ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
      ×ÙÔÅÓÎÅÎ PPP, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÌÅÇÞÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÌÕÞÛÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ
      ÍÏÄÅÍ-ÍÏÄÅÍ É ÉÍÅÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ.</para>

    <programlisting>device   ppp           # Kernel PPP</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ PPP × ÑÄÒÅ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ dial-up.  ôÁËÖÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ
      PPP, ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ËÁË ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÅÅ <literal>tun</literal>, É
      ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÀÝÅÅ ÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÇÉÂËÏÓÔØ É ÂÏÌØÛÅÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ËÁË,
      ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ (ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅÔÉ).</para>

    <programlisting>device   tun           # Packet tunnel.</programlisting>

    <para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÍ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÍ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ PPP.
      ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë
      ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <link linkend="userppp">PPP</link> ÜÔÏÊ ËÎÉÇÉ ÚÁ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÊ
      ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>

    <programlisting><anchor id="kernelconfig-ptys"/>
device   pty           # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)</programlisting>

    <para><quote>ÐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ</quote> ÉÌÉ ÉÍÉÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ.
      éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÍÉ <command>telnet</command> É
      <command>rlogin</command>-ÓÅÓÓÉÑÍÉ, ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅÍ
      <application>xterm</application> É ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍÉ,
      ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË <application>Emacs</application>.</para>

    <programlisting>device   md            # Memory <quote>disks</quote></programlisting>

    <para>ðÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÄÉÓËÏ× × ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.</para>

    <programlisting>device   gif           # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ IPv6 ÞÅÒÅÚ IPv4, IPv4 ÞÅÒÅÚ IPv6, IPv4 ÞÅÒÅÚ
      IPv4 É IPv6 ÞÅÒÅÚ IPv6.  õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
      <literal>gif</literal> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ <quote>Á×ÔÏËÌÏÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÍ</quote>, É ÂÕÄÅÔ
      ÓÒÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÐÏ ÍÅÒÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</para>

    <programlisting>device   faith         # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÏ ÐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÚÁÈ×ÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁËÅÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÁÎÙ ÅÍÕ É
      ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÉÈ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÕ ÔÒÁÎÓÌÑÃÉÉ IPv4/IPv6.</para>

    <programlisting># The `bpf' device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
# Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
# Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP.
device   bpf           # Berkeley packet filter</programlisting>

    <para>æÉÌØÔÒ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× Berkeley.  üÔÏ ÐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÉÔØ
      ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ × <quote>ÎÅÒÁÚÂÏÒÞÉ×ÙÊ</quote> (promiscuous) ÒÅÖÉÍ, ×
      ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÅÒÅÈ×ÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÐÁËÅÔ × ÛÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
      ethernet).  üÔÉ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË É/ÉÌÉ ÉÓÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÙ ÐÒÉ
      ÐÏÍÏÝÉ &man.tcpdump.1;.</para>

    <note>
      <para>õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï &man.bpf.4; ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ
	&man.dhclient.8; ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÛÌÀÚÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ É
	Ô.Ð.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ DCHP, ÎÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÊÔÅ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ.</para>
    </note>

    <programlisting># USB support
device          uhci          # UHCI PCI-&gt;USB interface
device          ohci          # OHCI PCI-&gt;USB interface
device		ehci	      # EHCI PCI-&gt;USB interface (USB 2.0)
device          usb           # USB Bus (required)
#device         udbp          # USB Double Bulk Pipe devices
device          ugen          # Generic
device          uhid          # <quote>Human Interface Devices</quote>
device          ukbd          # Keyboard
device          ulpt          # Printer
device          umass         # Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and da
device          ums           # Mouse
device          ural          # Ralink Technology RT2500USB wireless NICs
device          urio          # Diamond Rio 500 MP3 player
device          uscanner      # Scanners
# USB Ethernet, requires mii
device          aue           # ADMtek USB Ethernet
device          axe           # ASIX Electronics USB Ethernet
device		cdce	      # Generic USB over Ethernet
device          cue           # CATC USB Ethernet
device          kue           # Kawasaki LSI USB Ethernet
device          rue           # RealTek RTL8150 USB Ethernet</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ USB ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.</para>

    <programlisting># FireWire support
device          firewire      # FireWire bus code
device          sbp           # SCSI over FireWire (Requires scbus and da)
device          fwe           # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)</programlisting>

    <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× Firewire.</para>

    <para>úÁ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÈ,
      ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ &os;, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ
      <filename>/usr/src/sys/<replaceable>i386</replaceable>/conf/NOTES</filename>.</para>

      <sect2>
	<title>ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ Ó ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ
	  (<acronym>PAE</acronym>)</title>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary>
	    òÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á (Physical Address
	    Extensions (<acronym>PAE</acronym>))
	  </primary>
	  <secondary>
	    ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ Ó ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ
	  </secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>íÁÛÉÎÙ Ó ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, × ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
	  ÂÏÌÅÅ 4 ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔ × ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÍ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Å É ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÍ
	  ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Å ÑÄÒÁ (User+Kernel Virtual Address, <acronym>KVA</acronym>)
	  × ÏÂÙÞÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÅ ÓÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ 4
	  ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔ.  äÌÑ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Intel ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÌÉ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ 36-ÂÉÔÎÏÊ
	  ÁÄÒÅÓÁÃÉÉ × &pentium; Pro É ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÚÄÎÉÈ ÍÏÄÅÌÑÈ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÏ×.</para>

	<para>òÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á
	  (<acronym>PAE</acronym>) × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁÈ &intel; &pentium; Pro É ÂÏÌÅÅ
	  ÐÏÚÄÎÉÈ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÏ 64 ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  &os;
	  ÉÍÅÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ
	  <option>PAE</option>, ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÊ ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÔÅËÕÝÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ &os;.
	  ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ Intel, ÎÅ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ
	  ÎÉËÁËÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÐÁÍÑÔØÀ ÎÉÖÅ ÉÌÉ ×ÙÛÅ 4 ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔ.  ðÁÍÑÔØ,
	  ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÎÁÑ ×ÙÛÅ 4 ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Ë ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.</para>

	<para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ <acronym>PAE</acronym> × ÑÄÒÅ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
	  ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÑÄÒÁ:</para>

	<programlisting>options            PAE</programlisting>

	<note>
	  <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ <acronym>PAE</acronym> × &os; ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ
	    ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÏ× &intel; IA-32.  ôÁËÖÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ
	    <acronym>PAE</acronym> × &os; ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÒÏÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ É ÄÏÌÖÎÏ
	    ÓÞÉÔÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÍÓÑ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ ÂÅÔÁ-ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó
	    ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ, ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÙÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ &os;.</para>
	</note>

	<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ <acronym>PAE</acronym> × &os; ÉÍÅÅÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ
	  ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ:</para>

	<itemizedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>ðÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÂÏÌÅÅ, ÞÅÍ 4 ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔÁÍ
	      ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á VM.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ
	      &man.bus.dma.9;, ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÕÔ Ë ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ × ÑÄÒÅ Ó ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍ
	      <acronym>PAE</acronym>.  îÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÁËÉÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ.
	      ðÏ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÅ × &os; ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÑÄÒÁ
	      <filename>PAE</filename>, ÉÚ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÙ ×ÓÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
	      ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÐÒÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÅ
	      <acronym>PAE</acronym>.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×
	      ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÐÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Õ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÊ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  ôÁËÉÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ
	      ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÎÅÎÕÖÎÏÍÕ ÞÒÅÚÍÅÒÎÏÍÕ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÀ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÉÚ-ÚÁ
	      ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <acronym>PAE</acronym>.  ïÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÔÁËÉÈ
	      ÐÒÉÍÅÒÏ× &mdash; ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <option>kern.maxvnodes</option>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
	      ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ vnode, ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÎÙÈ × ÑÄÒÅ.
	      òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÜÔÕ É ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ ÅÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ×
	      ÁÄÅË×ÁÔÎÙÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×
	    ÑÄÒÁ (<acronym>KVA</acronym>) ÉÌÉ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ ËÁËÕÀ-ÌÉÂÏ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ (ÓÍ.
	    ×ÙÛÅ), ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÂÙÌÏ ÎÅÏÐÒÁ×ÄÁÎÎÏ ×ÅÌÉËÏ É ÍÏÇÌÏ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë
	    ÉÓÞÅÒÐÁÎÉÀ <acronym>KVA</acronym>.  äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ
	    ÏÐÃÉÑ ÑÄÒÁ <option>KVA_PAGES</option>.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</itemizedlist>

	<para>÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓÏÍÎÅÎÉÊ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ É ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÏÓÔÉ
	  ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á &man.tuning.7;.  óÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ
	  ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á &man.pae.4; ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ Ó×ÅÖÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÅ
	  <acronym>PAE</acronym> × &os;.</para>
      </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="kernelconfig-trouble">
    <title>òÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ</title>

    <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ ËÁÔÅÇÏÒÉÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ ÐÒÉ
      ÓÂÏÒËÅ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ.  ÷ÏÔ ÏÎÉ:</para>

    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>îÅ ÕÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÏÔÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <command>config</command>:</term>

	<listitem>
	  <para>åÓÌÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ &man.config.8; ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÔÏ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ,
	    ×Ù ÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÌÉ ÇÄÅ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÕÀ ÏÛÉÂËÕ.  ë ÓÞÁÓÔØÀ, &man.config.8;
	    ×Ù×ÅÄÅÔ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ
	    ÓÔÒÏËÕ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÕÀ ÏÛÉÂËÕ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ÉÄÉÔÅ:</para>

	  <screen>config: line 17: syntax error</screen>

	  <para>õÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÏÐÃÉÑ ××ÅÄÅÎÁ ×ÅÒÎÏ ÐÕÔ£Í ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÆÁÊÌÏÍ
	    <filename>GENERIC</filename> ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÏÍ.</para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
	<term>îÅ ÕÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÏÔÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <command>make</command>:</term>

	<listitem>
	  <para>åÓÌÉ ÎÅ ÕÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÏÔÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <command>make</command>, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
	    ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÏÛÉÂËÕ × ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÉ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÎÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ
	    ÔÒÉ×ÉÁÌØÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ &man.config.8; ÍÏÇ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØ Å£.
	    ïÐÑÔØ-ÔÁËÉ, ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ, É, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
	    ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ, ÎÁÐÉÛÉÔÅ ÐÉÓØÍÏ × &a.questions;, ×ËÌÀÞÉ× × ÐÉÓØÍÏ ÆÁÊÌ
	    ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ.  óËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÅÛÅÎÁ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ.</para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
	<term>ñÄÒÏ ÎÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ:<anchor
	  id="kernelconfig-noboot"/></term>

	<listitem>
	  <para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÎÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÌÉ ÅÍÕ ÎÅ ÕÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØ
	    ×ÁÛÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á  &mdash; ÎÅ ÐÁÎÉËÕÊÔÅ!  ë ÓÞÁÓÔØÀ, × &os; ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÙÊ
	    ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÄÌÑ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ.
	    ðÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ, × ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÅ &os;.
	    äÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÎÅÍÕ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ.
	    ÷ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÛÅÓÔÏÊ ÐÕÎËÔ (<quote>Escape to a loader prompt</quote>),
	    ××ÅÄÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
	    <command>boot <replaceable>kernel.old</replaceable></command>,
	    ÉÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÌÀÂÏÅ
	    ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÓÑ ÂÅÚ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ.  ÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ
	    ÐÅÒÅËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÑÄÒÁ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ËÏÐÉÀ ÑÄÒÁ, Ï
	    ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÅ.</para>

	  <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ Ó ÒÁÂÏÞÉÍ ÑÄÒÏÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ×ÁÛ ÆÁÊÌ
	  ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ É ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÂÒÁÔØ ÑÄÒÏ ÏÐÑÔØ.  ïÞÅÎØ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÍ × ÄÁÎÎÏÍ
	  ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÏËÁÖÅÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/var/log/messages</filename>, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ,
	  ÓÒÅÄÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ, ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÑÄÒÁ ÏÔ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.
	  ôÁËÖÅ, ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ &man.dmesg.8; ×Ù×ÅÄÅÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÑÄÒÁ ÏÔ ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ
	  ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.</para>

	  <note>
	    <para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉËÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÓÏ ÓÂÏÒËÏÊ ÑÄÒÁ, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù
	      ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÌÉ ÑÄÒÏ <filename>GENERIC</filename> ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÅ ÑÄÒÏ
	      ÐÏÄ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎÏ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÏ ÐÒÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÂÏÒËÅ.  ÷Ù
	      ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <filename>kernel.old</filename>, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ
	      ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ <filename>kernel.old</filename>
	      ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÍ ÑÄÒÏÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	      ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÎÅÒÁÂÏÞÉÍ.  ôÁËÖÅ, ËÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓËÏÒÅÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÅ
	      ÑÄÒÏ × <filename class="directory">/boot/kernel</filename>,
	      ÔÁË ËÁË ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË &man.ps.1; ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
	      ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ.  äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÊ
	      ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ:</para>

	    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mv /boot/kernel <replaceable>/boot/kernel.bad</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mv /boot/<replaceable>kernel.good</replaceable> /boot/kernel</userinput></screen>
	   </note>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
	<term>ñÄÒÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ÎÏ &man.ps.1; ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ:</term>

	<listitem>
	  <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ ÑÄÒÁ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÕÀ ÏÔ ÔÏÊ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÂÙÌÉ
	    ÓÏÂÒÁÎÙ ×ÁÛÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÑÄÒÏ ÏÔ -CURRENT ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ -RELEASE,
	    ÂÏÌØÛÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË &man.ps.1; É &man.vmstat.8;
	    ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ.  ÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ <link
	    linkend="makeworld">ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ</link>
	    ÔÏÊ ÖÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, ÞÔÏ É ÑÄÒÏ.  üÔÏ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ ÐÒÉÞÉÎ,
	    ÐÏ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÎÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ ÑÄÒÁ, ÏÔÌÉÞÎÕÀ ÏÔ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ×ÓÅÊ
	    ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </sect1>
</chapter>