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|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional-Based Extension//EN"
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/share/xml/xhtml10-freebsd.dtd" [
The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project
$FreeBSDru: frdp/www/ru/gnome/docs/faq2.xml,v 1.16 2005/06/04 18:37:40 andy Exp $
Original revision: 1.91
-->
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional-Based Extension//EN" [
<!ENTITY title "ðÒÏÅËÔ FreeBSD GNOME: FAQ ÐÏ GNOME &gnomever;">
]>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>&title;</title>
<cvs:keyword xmlns:cvs="http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/CVS">$FreeBSD$</cvs:keyword>
</head>
<body class="navinclude.developers">
<h2>ëÒÁÔËÏÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÎÉÅ</h2>
<ol>
<li> <a href="#q1">ëÁË ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ GNOME &gnomever; ÄÌÑ FreeBSD?</a>
<li> <a href="#q2">ðÏÓÔÒÏÉÔØ GNOME &gnomever; ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÅ ÕÄÁ£ÔÓÑ.
þÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ?</a>
<li> <a href="#q3">ñ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌ GNOME &gnomever;, ÎÏ ÔÁÍ ÎÅÔ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ foo.
çÄÅ ×ÚÑÔØ?</a>
<li> <a href="#q4">ëÁË ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ Ó GNOME 1.4 ÎÁ
GNOME 2?</a>
<li> <a href="#q5">ëÁË ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ Ó GNOME
&gnomeoldver; ÎÁ GNOME &gnomever;?</a>
<li> <a href="#q6">ëÁË ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉÔØ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏÅ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ
ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× É ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ GNOME &gnomever;?</a>
<li> <a href="#q7">íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ GNOME 1.4 ×
GNOME &gnomever;?</a>
<li> <a href="#q8">çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ
GNOME &gnomever;?</a>
<li> <a href="#q9">ëÁËÉÅ ÏËÏÎÎÙÅ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÙ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó
GNOME &gnomever;?</a>
<li> <a href="#q10">ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ GNOME &gnomever; ÛÒÉÆÔÙ Ó
ÁÎÔÉÁÌÉÁÓÉÎÇÏÍ?</a>
<li> <a href="#q11">ëÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ, Ó ËÁËÉÍÉ ÛÒÉÆÔÁÍÉ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÁÎÔÉÁÌÉÁÓÉÎÇ?</a>
<li> <a href="#q12">ëÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÅÎÀ GNOME 2?</a>
<li> <a href="#q13">ëÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ× GTK+ 2 Ó
ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍÉ GTK+ 2 ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ×ÎÅ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ GNOME?</a>
<li> <a href="#q14">ëÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ GNOME 1.4 ÐÒÉ
ÒÁÂÏÔÅ × GNOME &gnomever;?</a>
<li> <a href="#q15">Nautilus-cd-burner ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ CD, ÌÉÂÏ
Totem/Goobox/Sound-juicer ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ CD/DVD. ëÁË ÜÔÏ
ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ?</a>
<li> <a href="#q16">ëÁË ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÓÅÁÎÓÙ GDM?</a>
<li> <a href="#q17">ëÁË ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÍÎÏÇÏÏËÏÎÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ Nautilus?</a>
<li> <a href="#q18">ëÁË ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÉËÏÎËÉ "Computer", "Home" É
"Trash" ÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÍ ÓÔÏÌÅ?</a>
<li> <a href="#q19">ëÁË × Nautilus ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÉ?</a>
<li> <a href="#q20">ðÏÞÅÍÕ GNOME ÔÁË ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ?</a>
<li> <a href="#q21">ëÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ GNOME ÉÚ GNOME Tinderbox?</a>
<li> <a href="#q22">ëÁË × GNOME ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ MIME-ÔÉÐÙ?</a>
<li> <a href="#q23">ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ GDM ÄÌÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ×ÈÏÄÁ ×
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ?</a>
<li> <a href="#q24">ëÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÊ
ÓÒÅÄÙ Ó gnome2-lite ÄÏ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ GNOME &gnomever;?</a>
</ol>
<h2>ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ</h2>
<ol>
<!-- Q1 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q1"></a>
<p><b>ëÁË ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ GNOME &gnomever; ÄÌÑ FreeBSD?</b></p>
<!-- A1 -->
<p>éÍÅÀÔÓÑ Ä×Á ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ GNOME &gnomever; ×Ï FreeBSD. ðÅÒ×ÙÍ
ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/packages-using.html">
ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ</a>, Á ×ÔÏÒÙÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/ports-using.html">
ÐÏÒÔÏ×</a>. ðÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ËÁËÉÅ-ÌÉÂÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×Ù
ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó <a
href="http://www.gnome.org/start/&gnomever;/notes/">ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ Ï
ÒÅÌÉÚÅ</a> GNOME &gnomever;.</p>
<p><u>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ GNOME &gnomever; ÉÚ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ.</u></p>
<p>äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ GNOME &gnomever; ÉÚ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ
ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
<tt># pkg_add -r gnome2</tt>
<p>ïÎÁ ÓÇÒÕÚÉÔ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ ÐÁËÁÄÖÉ GNOME &gnomever; Ó FTP-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ FreeBSD
É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔ ÉÈ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ × ×ÁÛÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</p>
<p>ïÂÎÏ×ÌÑÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÐÁËÅÔÙ GNOME ÄÌÑ i386 ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ
FreeBSD ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ Ó <a href="#q21">GNOME Tinderbox</a>.</p>
<p>äÌÑ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ GNOME &gnomever; ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÓÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cvsup.html">
cvsup</a> ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÄÅÒÅ×Á ÐÏÒÔÏ×. úÁÔÅÍ:</p>
<pre>
# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2
# make clean
# make install clean
</pre>
<p><u>÷ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ File Alteration Monitor (FAM) × ×ÁÛÅÊ
ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÒÅÄÅ &gnomever;.</u></p>
<p>÷ GNOME ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ File Alteration
Monitor (<tt>devel/fam</tt>), ÄÌÑ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÉÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ
ÓÒÅÄÙ GNOME ÐÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ Ó ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ, ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÍÉ, ÕÄÁÌÑÅÍÙÍÉ ÉÌÉ
ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÅÍÙÍÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ. äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×ÁÍÉ ÜÔÏÊ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔÉ,
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ FAM ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ × inetd.conf(5).
äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
<tt>ports/devel/fam/pkg-message</tt>.</p>
<p><u>úÁÐÕÓË GNOME &gnomever; ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ Ó X.</u></p>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ GNOME &gnomever;,
ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ GNOME &gnomever; ÍÏÖÎÏ, ÄÏÂÁ×É× ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÏÄÉÎ
ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÏ× <tt>~/.xsession</tt> ÉÌÉ <tt>~/.xinitrc</tt>, ÔÕÄÁ, ÇÄÅ
ÜÔÏ ÕÄÏÂÎÅÅ:</p>
<pre>
exec gnome-session
</pre>
</li>
<!-- Q2 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q2"></a>
<p><b>ðÏÓÔÒÏÉÔØ GNOME &gnomever; ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÅ ÕÄÁ£ÔÓÑ. þÔÏ
ÄÅÌÁÔØ?</b></p>
<!-- A2 -->
<p>ïÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ ÍÁÓÓÁ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÅÊ GNOME &gnomever; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
ÒÅÛÅÎÁ ÐÕÔ£Í <a href="#q6">ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ</a> ×ÓÅÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ×
GNOME &gnomever; ÄÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ.</p>
<p><u>âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ÕÓÔÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ</u></p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÅÝ£ ÎÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÌÉ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÁÃÉÉ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ × <a
href="#q6">FAQ #6</a>, ÓÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÜÔÏ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ
×ÓÅÇÏ, ÜÔÏ ÒÅÛÉÔ ÔÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, ÒÁÄÉ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ×Ù ÞÉÔÁÅÔÅ
ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ.</p>
<p>ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑÍ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÍ × <a
href="#q6">FAQ #6</a>. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÜÔÏÇÏ ÎÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÅÔÅ É
ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ ÚÁ ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÓÏ×ÅÔÕÀÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÁÃÉÉ ÉÚ FAQ #6.</p>
<p>÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔ GNOME &gnomever; ÕÓÔÁÒÅÌ, ÔÏ
×Ù Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ, ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ:</p>
<pre>
checking for libgnomeui-2.0 libbonoboui-2.0 libbonobo-2.0 >= 2.2.1
gnome-vfs-2.0 libgnomeprint-2.2 >= 2.3.0 libgnomeprintui-2.2 libglade-2.0...
configure: error: Library requirements (libgnomeui-2.0 libbonoboui-2.0
libbonobo-2.0 >= 2.2.1 gnome-vfs-2.0 libgnomeprint-2.2 >= 2.3.0 libgnomeprintui-2.2
libglade-2.0) not met; consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
if your libraries are in a nonstandard prefix so pkg-config can find them.
</pre>
<p>ðÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÅÒÖÉÔÅ ×ÁÛÅ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ÐÏÒÔÏ× × <a href="#q6">ÁËÔÕÁÌØÎÏÍ
ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ</a>, É ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÐÒÏÑ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÒÅÌÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ <tt>pkg-config</tt>, ÔÏ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÎÁÂÌÀÄÁÔØ
ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ, ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ:</p>
<pre>
configure: error: *** pkg-config too old; version 0.14 or better required.
</pre>
<p>èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ × ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ, ÎÏ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ×ÐÏÌÎÅ
ÐÏÎÑÔÎÏ: ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ pkg-config. ðÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ pkg-config
ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÐÏÒÔÕ <tt>devel/pkgconfig</tt>. ðÏÓÌÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ
ÐÏÒÔÁ ÄÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÜÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÉÓÞÅÚÎÅÔ.</p>
<p>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÂÌÀÄÁÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÁ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó pthreads (&posix;
threads), ÔÉÐÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ:</p>
<pre>
undefined reference to 'strerror_r'
</pre>
<p>äÌÑ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÛÉÂÏË, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ, ×ÁÍ
ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ × ×ÁÛÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</p>
<pre>
options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
</pre>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÅÔÅ -stable ÉÌÉ -current, <b>ÎÅ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÊÔÅ</b>
<tt>NOLIBC_R</tt> × <tt>/etc/make.conf</tt>. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÌÉ, ÔÏ
ÕÄÁÌÉÔÅ É ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ. åÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ×Ó£ ÅÝ£ ÏÓÔÁÌÉÓØ,
ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÐÏÛÌÉÔÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÁÄÒÅÓ <a
href="mailto:&email;@FreeBSD.org">&email;@FreeBSD.org</a> Ó ×ÙÄÁÞÅÊ
ÏÛÉÂÏÞÎÙÈ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÊ. ôÁËÖÅ ÎÅ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÅÔ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ config.log ÉÚ
ÒÁÂÏÞÅÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ ÐÏÒÔÁ.</p>
<p><u>éÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ä×ÕÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÏÄÎÏÊ É ÔÏÊ ÖÅ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ.</u></p>
<p>ïÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÏÍ ÏÛÉÂÏË ÐÒÉ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ
ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÏÄÎÏÊ É ÔÏÊ ÖÅ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ. üÔÏ ÓÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ,
ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÅ Ä×Å ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ É ÔÏÇÏ ÖÅ
ÐÏÒÔÁ, ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÐÒÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
<tt>portupgrade</tt>. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÙÅ ËÏÐÉÉ
ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅË × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <tt>/usr/local/lib/compat/pkg</tt> É
ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÉÈ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ <tt>portupgrade -u -rf
pkgconfig</tt>. üÔÉÍ ×Ù ×ÙÎÕÄÉÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ
ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ó GNOME (É ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ), × ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÉ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅË × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
<tt>/usr/local/lib/compat/pkg</tt>.</p>
</li>
<!-- Q3 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q3"></a>
<p><b>ñ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌ GNOME &gnomever;, ÎÏ ÔÁÍ ÎÅÔ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ foo. çÄÅ
×ÚÑÔØ?</b></p>
<!-- A3 -->
<p>÷ ÐÁËÁÄÖ <tt>gnome2</tt> ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÂÁÚÏ×ÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ×
ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ. ÷ÏÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÍÅÔÁ-ÐÏÒÔÙ GNOME,
× ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ ÓÇÒÕÐÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ
ÄÌÑ GNOME 2.</p>
<ul>
<li><b>GNOME 2 Fifth Toe</b> (<tt>x11/gnome2-fifth-toe</tt>)
ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÙÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ GNOME 2, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÏÖÉÄÁÀÔ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ × ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÍ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÉ
ÒÁÂÏÞÅÇÏ ÓÔÏÌÁ. óÀÄÁ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó
ÉÚÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÞÁÔÁ É ÍÇÎÏ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ
ÏÂÍÅÎÁ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑÍÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÕÚÙËÁÌØÎÙÅ É ÍÕÌØÔÉÍÅÄÉÊÎÙÅ
ÐÒÏÉÇÒÙ×ÁÔÅÌÉ</li>
<li><b>GNOME 2 Hacker Tools</b>
(<tt>devel/gnome2-hacker-tools</tt>) ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÕÖÎÙ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁÍ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÈ GNOME-ÐÒÏÅËÔÏ×. óÀÄÁ ×ÈÏÄÑÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ IDE,
ÐÏÓÔÒÏÉÔÅÌÉ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ×, "ÈÁËÅÒÓËÉÅ" ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÙ É ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÙ
ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÉ ËÏÄÁ.</li>
<li><b>GNOME 2 Office</b> (<tt>editors/gnome2-office</tt>)
ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ × ÏÆÉÓÎÙÅ É
ÄÅÌÏÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ. úÄÅÓØ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ
ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁÍÉ, ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ,
ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÅËÔÁÍÉ, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÂÁÚÏÊ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÎÁÂÏÒ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÄÌÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÊ
ÒÁÂÏÔÙ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÄÉÁÇÒÁÍÍ.</li>
<li>ðÁËÅÔ <b>GNOME 2 Power Tools</b>
(<tt>x11/gnome2-power-tools</tt>) ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ É ÁÐÐÌÅÔ
ÄÌÑ ÔÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÉ-ÏÒÉÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ GNOME. ÷ ΣÍ
ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÈ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ ÄÌÑ
ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ ÉÚ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× Desktop É Fifth Toe.</li>
</ul>
<p>äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÌÀÂÙÈ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ× ÉÚ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ:</p>
<pre>
# pkg_add -r <em>meta-port</em>
</pre>
<p>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ GNOME 2 Fifth Toe ÉÚ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ:</p>
<pre>
# pkg_add -r gnome2-fifth-toe
</pre>
<p>äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÌÀÂÙÈ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ× ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÏ×:</p>
<pre>
# cd /usr/ports/<em>category</em>/<em>meta-port</em>
# make clean
# make install clean
</pre>
<p>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ GNOME 2 Fifth Toe ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÏ×:</p>
<pre>
# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2-fifth-toe
# make clean
# make install clean
</pre>
</li>
<!-- Q4 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q4"></a>
<p><b>ëÁË ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ Ó GNOME 1.4 ÎÁ
GNOME 2?</b></p>
<!-- A4 -->
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ GNOME 1.4 É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ Å£ ÄÏ GNOME
&gnomever;, ÔÏ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó <a
href="http://www.gnome.org/start/2.0/installation.html#upgrading">
ÏÆÉÃÉÁÌØÎÙÍÉ</a> ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑÍÉ ÐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ ÎÁ ÓÁÊÔÅ GNOME.
õÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛÉ ÐÏÒÔÙ GNOME 1.4 ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÄÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ,
ÐÏÓÌÅ ÞÅÇÏ ÕÄÁÌÉÔÅ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÁËÁÄÖÉ GNOME 1.4:</p>
<pre>
gnomecore
sawfish
gnomeapplets
gnomemedia
gtop
libgtop
nautilus
gedit
xalf
bugbuddy
gnomeaudio
gnomegames
gnomeutils
gdm
eog
ggv
</pre>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÉÔØ GNOME &gnomever; ×
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó <a href="#q1">ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑÍÉ ×ÙÛÅ</a>.</p>
</li>
<!-- Q5 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q5"></a>
<p><b>ëÁË ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ Ó GNOME &gnomeoldver; ÎÁ
GNOME &gnomever;?</b></p>
<!-- A5 -->
<p>ðÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÓÍÅÎÙ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ Ó &gnomeoldver; ÎÁ &gnomever; ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÌÏÖÎÅÅ,
ÞÅÍ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2.4 ÎÁ &gnomeoldver;. îÁÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ
ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ × <a href="faq26.html">FAQ ÐÏ
ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ</a>.</p>
</li>
<!-- Q6 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q6"></a>
<p><b>ëÁË ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉÔØ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏÅ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ
ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× É ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ GNOME &gnomever;?</b></p>
<!-- A6 -->
<p>îÁÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ×ÁÍ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ
<tt>portupgrade</tt> -- É <em>ÔÏÌØËÏ</em>
<tt>portupgrade</tt> -- ÄÌÑ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÎÉÑ ×ÁÛÉÈ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× É
ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ GNOME &gnomever; × ÁËÔÕÁÌØÎÏÍ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ.</p>
<p><u>ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ <tt>portupgrade.</tt></u></p>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÅÒÅ×Á ÐÏÒÔÏ× (ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
<tt>cvsup</tt>) ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ Ä×Å ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÏÂÎÏ×ÑÔ ×Ó£, ÞÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ
ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ, É ÒÅÛÁÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÓÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ÎÅÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑÍÉ:</p>
<pre>
# pkgdb -F
# portupgrade -a
</pre>
<p><u>úÁÐÕÓË Ó ÎÕÌÑ.</u></p>
<p>îÅÓÍÏÔÒÑ ÎÁ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <tt>portupgrade</tt>, ÅÓÌÉ
×Ó£ ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁ£Ô ÓÔÒÏÉÔØÓÑ ÓÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÁÍÉ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
ÉÚÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÅÂÑ ÏÔ ÇÏÌÏ×ÎÏÊ ÂÏÌÉ ÉÌÉ ÓÜËÏÎÏÍÉÔØ ÞÁÓÁ ÔÒÉ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
ÕÄÁÌÉ× ×ÓÅ Ó×ÏÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ GNOME É ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×É× ÉÈ (ÆÁÊÌÙ Ó
×ÁÛÉÍÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ ÏÓÔÁÎÕÔÓÑ ÎÅÔÒÏÎÕÔÙÍÉ). äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
<pre>
# pkgdb -F
# pkg_delete -rf pkgconfig\*
# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2
# make clean
# make install clean
</pre>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÏÔÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ×ÙÛÅÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
×ÓÅ ÎÕÖÎÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ GNOME. üÔÏ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ËÁË ÂÏÌÅÚÎÅÎÎÙÊ
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ
ÐÏÞÉÓÔÉÔØ ×ÁÛÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ. ðÒÏÓÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÊÔÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÍÅÒÅ
ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ × ÎÉÈ, É ×Ù ÕÄÉ×ÉÔÅÓØ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ
ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ×ÁÍ ÕÄÁÌÏÓØ ÓÜËÏÎÏÍÉÔØ. ðÏÌÎÏÅ ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ
ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ; Ë ÓÞÁÓÔØÀ, ÜÔÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ
ÒÅÄËÏ.</p>
</li>
<!-- Q7 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q7"></a>
<p><b>íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ GNOME 1.4 ×
GNOME &gnomever;?</b></p>
<!-- A7 -->
<p>ðÏÒÔÙ ÄÌÑ GNOME 1.4 ÂÕÄÕÔ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÏÊ GNOME 2.
óÔÁÒÙÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙ Ó ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÏÊ GNOME 2, ÂÙÌÉ
ÕÄÁÌÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÄÅÒÅ×Á ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ × ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÅ GNOME 2 ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÅÚ ÏÐÁÓËÉ
ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÌÀÂÙÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ GNOME ÉÚ ÄÅÒÅ×Á ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</p>
</li>
<!-- Q8 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q8"></a>
<p><b>çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ
GNOME &gnomever;?</b></p>
<!-- A8 -->
<p>îÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ Web-ÓÁÊÔÁÈ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ GTK+-1/2,
metacity, sawfish, nautilus, GDM É ÉËÏÎÏË, ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÅ
ÉÚÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÁÌÙ:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://art.gnome.org">art.gnome.org</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.gnome-look.org">GNOME-look.org</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.themedepot.org">The Theme Depot</a></li>
<li><a href="http://themes.freshmeat.net">themes.freshmeat.net</a></li>
<li><a href="http://jimmac.musichall.cz/icons.php">óÁÊÔ Jimmac's
Icons</a></li>
</ul>
<p>äÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÔÅÍ ÕÖÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÙ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD.
èÏÒÏÛÉÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÍÅÔÁ-ÐÏÒÔÁÈ
<tt>x11-themes/gnome-icons</tt> É
<tt>x11-themes/metacity-themes</tt>.</p>
</li>
<!-- Q9 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q9"></a>
<p><b>ëÁËÉÅ ÏËÏÎÎÙÅ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÙ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó
GNOME &gnomever;?</b></p>
<!-- A9 -->
<p>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÍÅÔÁ-ÐÏÒÔ <tt>gnome2</tt> ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏËÏÎÎÙÊ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒ
metacity. äÒÕÇÉÍ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÙÍ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÏÍ ÏËÏÎ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó
GNOME &gnomever;, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ <a href="http://sawmill.sourceforge.net/">
sawfish</a>. Sawfish ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎ ×
ÐÏÒÔÅ <tt>x11-wm/sawfish2</tt>.</p>
<p>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ Ó metacity ÎÁ sawfish × GNOME 2, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ
ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</p>
<pre>
# killall metacity; sawfish &
# gnome-session-save --gui
</pre>
<p>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <tt>gnome-session-save</tt> ×ÁÖÎÁ. âÅÚ ÎÅ£ ÐÒÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ
ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁÃÉÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁݣΠÏËÏÎÎÙÊ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒ, ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÊ
ÒÁÎÅÅ. þÔÏÂÙ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÉÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ
sawfish ÎÁ metacity.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÕÄÁÌÏÓØ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ GNOME &gnomever; ÐÏÄ
ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÏËÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÁ, ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÓÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÓÎÉÍÏË
ÜËÒÁÎÁ É <a href="mailto:&email;@FreeBSD.org">ÐÒÉÛÌÉÔÅ ÅÇÏ ÎÁÍ</a>!</p>
</li>
<!-- Q10 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q10"></a>
<p><b>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ GNOME &gnomever; ÛÒÉÆÔÙ Ó
ÁÎÔÉÁÌÉÁÓÉÎÇÏÍ?</b></p>
<!-- A10 -->
<p>äÁ! éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÎÔÉÁÌÉÁÓÉÎÇÁ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ XFree86 4.x ÉÌÉ X.Org Ó
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ freetype2. äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ × X ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ
freetype2, ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞØÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ Modules
ÆÁÊÌÏ× XF86Config ÉÌÉ xorg.conf:</p>
<pre>
Load "freetype"
Load "type1"
</pre>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ËÁÐÐÌÅÔÕ Fonts ×
Applications->Desktop Preferences. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÉÍÅÔØ
ÈÏÒÏÛÉÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× TrueType, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÐÏÒÔ
<tt>x11-fonts/webfonts</tt>.</p>
<p>éÎÏÇÄÁ, ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ
ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÅ fontconfig. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ
ÛÒÉÆÔÙ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÄÁÖÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓËÁ GNOME 2, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÑ ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ root:</p>
<pre>
# fc-cache -f -v
</pre>
<p>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ËÁËÉÅ-ÌÉÂÏ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ, ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÐÒÉÓÙÌÁÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÎÁ ÁÄÒÅÓ
<a href="mailto:&email;@FreeBSD.org">&email;@FreeBSD.org</a>.</p>
</li>
<!-- Q11 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q11"></a>
<p><b>ëÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ, Ó ËÁËÉÍÉ ÛÒÉÆÔÁÍÉ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÁÎÔÉÁÌÉÁÓÉÎÇ?</b></p>
<!-- A11 -->
<p>GNOME &gnomever; ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÁÎÔÉÁÌÉÁÓÉÎÇÏÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ libXft É
fontconfig. Fontconfig Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÞÅÎØ ÍÏÝÎÙÍ ÐÁËÅÔÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å XML. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ <tt>~/.fonts.conf</tt>,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÓÅÍÉ ÁÓÐÅËÔÁÍÉ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ fontconfig.
ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÔØ ÁÎÔÉÁÌÉÁÓÉÎÇ Ë ÛÒÉÆÔÁÍ, ÍÅÎØÛÉÍ
ÞÅÍ 16 ÐÕÎËÔÏ×, ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ <tt>~/.fonts.conf</tt> ÓÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ
ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÙÍ:</p>
<pre>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<fontconfig>
<match target="font">
<test name="size" compare="less_eq">
<double>16</double>
</test>
<edit name="antialias" mode="assign">
<bool>false</bool>
</edit>
</match>
<match target="font">
<test name="pixelsize" compare="less_eq">
<double>16</double>
</test>
<edit name="antialias" mode="assign">
<bool>false</bool>
</edit>
</match>
</fontconfig>
</pre>
<p>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë fonts-conf(5) ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</p>
</li>
<!-- Q12 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q12"></a>
<p><b>ëÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÅÎÀ GNOME 2?</b></p>
<!-- A12 -->
<p>÷ GNOME &gnomever; ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ,
ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÏ×Ù×ÁÔØ ÐÕÎËÔÙ ÍÅÎÀ GNOME ÉÎÁÞÅ, ÞÅÍ ÞÅÒÅÚ
ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ÒÕÞÎÏÅ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ× .desktop. ïÄÎÁËÏ ÄÌÑ
ÄÅÁËÔÉ×ÁÃÉÉ ÐÕÎËÔÏ×, ÕÖÅ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ × ÍÅÎÀ Applications,
ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <tt>deskutils/gnome-menu-editor</tt>.</p>
<p>ðÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÎÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÐÏ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÍÅÎÀ ÐÏËÁ
ÚÁÐÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ ÄÌÑ GNOME 2.12.</p>
</li>
<!-- Q13 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q13"></a>
<p><b>ëÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ× GTK+ 2 Ó
ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍÉ GTK+ 2 ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ×ÎÅ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ GNOME?</b></p>
<!-- A13 -->
<p>ðÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ GNOME 2 ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀÔ Ó×ÏÉ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ GTK+ 2 ÉÚ ÔÅÍ É
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ÔÅÍ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ
GTK+ 2 ×ÎÅ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ GNOME, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ
<tt>~/.gtkrc-2.0</tt>.</p>
<p>þÔÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÉÄÖÅÔÙ ÉÚ ÔÅÍÙ GTK+ 2 ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ×ÎÅ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ
GNOME, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ (<tt>include</tt>) ÆÁÊÌÁ
<tt>gtk-2.0/gtkrc</tt> × ×ÁÛ <tt>~/.gtkrc-2.0</tt>. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:
<pre>include "/usr/X11R6/share/themes/Crux/gtk-2.0/gtkrc"</pre>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÜÔÏ ÎÒÁ×ÉÔÓÑ, ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÎÕ É ÔÕ ÖÅ ÔÅÍÕ
GTK+ 1.2 ËÁË ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ GTK+ 1.2, ÔÁË É GTK+ 2, ÞÔÏ ÄÁÓÔ ×ÁÛÉÍ
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍ GTK+ ÅÄÉÎÙÊ ×ÉÄ. ÷ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓÔÉ
(Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÏÇÏ×ÏÒËÁÍÉ) Ó×ÏÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÉÚ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ
ÆÁÊÌÁ <tt>~/.gtkrc</tt> (ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ × GTK+ 1.2).</p>
<ol>
<li>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÓÓÙÌËÉ ÎÁ ËÁËÏÊ ÌÉÂÏ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÔÅÍ, ×Ù
ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÍÕ ×
GTK+ 2. ÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÕÄÁÌÉÔÅ ÚÁÐÉÓØ Ï ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁÈ.</li>
<li>úÁÄÁÎÉÅ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁËÉÈ ÂÙ ÔÏ ÎÉ
ÂÙÌÏ ÂÌÏËÁÈ <tt>style</tt>, Á ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ ËÌÀÞÅ×ÙÍ ÓÌÏ×ÏÍ
<tt>gtk-font-name</tt>. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:
<pre>gtk-font-name = "Verdana 11"</pre>
</li>
</ol>
<p>úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÈÏÔÑ ÆÁÊÌ <tt>gtkrc</tt> ÄÌÑ GTK+ 1.2 ÂÕÄÅÔ
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÆÁÊÌÏÍ <tt>gtkrc-2.0</tt> ÄÌÑ GTK+ 2, × ÏÂÒÁÔÎÕÀ
ÓÔÏÒÏÎÕ ÜÔÏ <i>ÎÅ</i> ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ: ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ
<tt>gtkrc-2.0</tt> ÄÌÑ GTK+ 2 ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÔØ, ÂÕÄÕÞÉ
ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓ£ÎÎÏÅ × ÆÁÊÌ <tt>gtkrc</tt> ÄÌÑ GTK+ 1.2.</p>
<p>äÌÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÓÍÅÎÙ ÔÅÍ GTK+, ÂÅÚ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
<tt>~/.gtkrc</tt>, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÒÔÁÍÉ
<tt>x11/gtk-theme-switch</tt> É
<tt>x11/gtk2-theme-switch</tt>.</p>
</li>
<!-- Q14 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q14"></a>
<p><b>ëÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ GNOME 1.4 ÐÒÉ
ÒÁÂÏÔÅ × GNOME &gnomever;?</b></p>
<!-- A14 -->
<p>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ <tt>sysutils/gnomecontrolcenter</tt>, ÚÁÔÅÍ ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ
ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ <tt>gnomecc</tt> ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÃÅÎÔÒÏÍ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ GNOME
1.4.</p>
</li>
<!-- Q15 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q15"></a>
<p><b>Nautilus-cd-burner ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ CD, ÌÉÂÏ
Totem/Goobox/Sound-juicer ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ CD/DVD. ëÁË
ÜÔÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ?</b></p>
<!-- A15 -->
<p>Nautilus-cd-burner, totem, goobox É sound-juicer ÎÅ ÓÍÏÇÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ CD/DVD, ÐÏËÁ × ÑÄÒÅ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÜÔÉÈ
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× É ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÚÁÐÉÓØ × ÆÁÊÌÙ ÜÔÉÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.
Nautilus-cd-burner, totem, goobox É sound-juicer ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÁÍÉ
CD/DVD ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ SCSI CAM. ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒÉÔØÓÑ,
ÞÔÏ × ×ÁÛÅÍ ÑÄÒÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</p>
<pre>
device scbus
device cd
device pass
</pre>
<p>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÏ× CD/DVD Ó ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏÍ ATAPI ×Ù
ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ × ÑÄÒÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ:</p>
<pre>
device atapicam
</pre>
<p>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÎÑÔØ, ËÁËÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï CD/DVD ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÑ ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ
root:</p>
<pre>
# camcontrol devlist
</pre>
<p>÷ÙÄÁÞÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</p>
<pre>
<QSI CDRW/DVD SBW-242 UD22> at scbus1 target 0 lun 0 (cd0,pass0)
</pre>
<p>÷ÁÖÎÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÅ × ËÏÎÃÅ × ÓËÏÂËÁÈ. ÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <tt>/dev</tt> ÄÌÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
nautilus-cd-burner, totem, goobox ÉÌÉ sound-juicer. ëÒÏÍÅ ÜÔÉÈ
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó nautilus-cd-burner, totem,
goobox É sound-juicer, ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ É ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
<tt>/dev/xpt*</tt>. óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
<tt>/etc/devfs.conf</tt> ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÕÔ Ë ÖÅÌÁÅÍÏÍÕ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÕ ÐÒÉ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ×ÙÛÅÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× (<b>NB:</b>
<tt>devfs.conf</tt> ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ï FreeBSD 5.X):</p>
<pre>
perm cd0 0666
perm xpt0 0666
perm pass0 0666
</pre>
<p>÷Ï FreeBSD 4.X ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÐÒÁ×Á ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, É ÏÎÉ ÏÓÔÁÎÕÔÓÑ ÔÁËÉÍÉ ÖÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ. úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ,
ÞÔÏ ×Ï FreeBSD 4.X ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÔÉÐÁ 'c'
(Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, <tt>cd0c</tt>).</p>
</li>
<!-- Q16 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q16"></a>
<p><b>ëÁË ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÓÅÁÎÓÙ GDM?</b></p>
<!-- A16 -->
<p>ðÏÒÑÄÏË ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÓÅÁÎÓÏ× GDM ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌÓÑ ÐÒÉ
ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÅ ÏÔ GNOME 2.2 Ë &gnomever;. ôÅÐÅÒØ ÄÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
ÓÅÁÎÓÏ× ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ <tt>.desktop</tt>, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÈ ÓÅÁÎÓÁ. æÁÊÌÙ ÓÅÁÎÓÏ× ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
<tt>/usr/X11R6/etc/dm/Sessions</tt>. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÅÁÎÓÁ
KDE, ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ × <tt>/usr/X11R6/etc/dm/Sessions</tt> Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ
<tt>kde.desktop</tt>. üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</p>
<pre>
[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=KDE
Comment=This session logs you into KDE
Exec=/usr/local/bin/startkde
TryExec=/usr/local/bin/startkde
Icon=
Type=Application
</pre>
<p>üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÍÙÍ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</p>
<pre>
# chmod 0555 kde.desktop
</pre>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ GDM, É × ÍÅÎÀ
<em>Sessions</em> ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÓÓÙÌËÁ ÎÁ <b>KDE</b>.</p>
</li>
<!-- Q17 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q17"></a>
<p><b>ëÁË ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÍÎÏÇÏÏËÏÎÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ Nautilus?</b></p>
<!-- A17 -->
<p>÷ GNOME &gnomever; Nautilus ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ × ÔÁË ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÏÍ
ÍÎÏÇÏÏËÏÎÎÏÍ ("spatial")
ÒÅÖÉÍÅ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÏÂßÅËÔ ÏÔËÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÎÏ×ÏÍ
ÏËÎÅ. ôÁËÏÅ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄÏÊÔÉ ÎÅ ×ÓÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ. åÓÌÉ
×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ Ë ÓÔÁÒÏÍÕ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÍÕ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÕ Nautilus,
ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ × Desktop->Preferences->File
Management, Ý£ÌËÎÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÚÁËÌÁÄËÅ Behavior É ÁËÔÉ×ÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
"Always open in browser windows".</p>
</li>
<!-- Q18 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q18"></a>
<p><b>ëÁË ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÉËÏÎËÉ "Computer", "Home" É
"Trash" ÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÍ ÓÔÏÌÅ?</b></p>
<!-- A18 -->
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÍ ÓÔÏÌÅ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉËÏÎÏË "Computer", "Home" É "Trash",
ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ÉÌÉ ÌÀÂÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ. äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ
ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ <b>Applications > System Tools >
Configuration Editor</b>, É ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ËÌÀÞÕ
<tt>/apps/nautilus/desktop</tt>. úÄÅÓØ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÔØ ÉÌÉ
×ÙËÌÀÞÁÔØ ÉËÏÎËÉ, É ÄÁÖÅ ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÔØ "Home" É "Trash".</p>
</li>
<!-- Q19 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q19"></a>
<p><b>ëÁË × Nautilus ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÍÅÎÎÙÅ
ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÉ?</b></p>
<!-- A19 -->
<p>þÔÏÂÙ ÓÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÉ (Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÉ,
ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ) ÂÙÌÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ × Nautilus, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ sysctl-ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <tt>vfs.usermount</tt> × ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
<tt>1</tt>. äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ×
<tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt>, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ:</p>
<pre>
vfs.usermount=1
</pre>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÖÄÁÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÁÑ ÔÏÞËÁ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ
ÂÙÔØ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÁ × <tt>/etc/fstab</tt>. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ
<tt>marcus</tt> ÈÏÞÅÔ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ CD × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
<tt>/home/marcus/cdrom</tt>, ÔÏ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <tt>/etc/fstab</tt>
ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÔÁËÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ:</p>
<pre>
/dev/acd0 /home/marcus/cdrom cd9660 ro,noauto 0 0
</pre>
<p>ðÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ËÁÖÄÏÍÕ ÎÏ×ÏÍÕ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ.
<b>úÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÌÁÄÅÌØÃÅÍ ÔÏÞËÉ
ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, Ï ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ
ÉÄ£Ô ÒÅÞØ. ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ ×ÌÁÄÅÌØÃÅÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ
<tt>/home/marcus/cdrom</tt> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <tt>marcus</tt>
É <tt>marcus</tt> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÚÁÐÉÓØ × ÆÁÊÌ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
<tt>/dev/acd0</tt>. ðÏÓÌÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× × Nautilus
× ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ Computer ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÉËÏÎËÁ CD-ROM. ä×ÏÊÎÏÊ ÝÅÌÞÏË ÎÁ
ÜÔÏÊ ÉËÏÎËÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£Ô Ë ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ CD É ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÀ ÉËÏÎËÉ ÎÁ
ÒÁÂÏÞÅÍ ÓÔÏÌÅ.</p>
<p>äÒÕÇÉÍ ÔÏÎËÉÍ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÏÍ ÐÒÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÓÍÅÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅÊ
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ ÐÏÍÎÉÔØ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÔÏÞÅË
ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <tt>/etc/fstab</tt> ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ
<em>ÐÏÌÎÙÅ</em> ÉÍÅÎÁ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
<tt>/home</tt> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙÌËÏÊ ÎÁ
<tt>/usr/home</tt>, ÔÏ × ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ
<tt>/usr/home/marcus/cdrom</tt>. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÜÔÏÇÏ ÎÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÅÔÅ, ÔÏ
ÐÒÉ ÐÏÐÙÔËÅ ÒÁÚÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÉÌÉ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÎÅÍÕ
ÓÔÏÌËΣÔÅÓØ ÓÏ ÓÔÒÁÎÎÙÍÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍÉ.</p>
<p>çÜÒÉ äÁÎÎ ÒÁÚÍÅÓÔÉÌ <a
href="http://www.aloha.com/~knowtree/howto/gnomeSMBmount.html">
ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ</a> ÐÏ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÔÏÍÏ× SMB
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ.</p>
</li>
<!-- Q20 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q20"></a>
<p><b>ðÏÞÅÍÕ GNOME ÔÁË ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ?</b></p>
<!-- A20 -->
<p>÷ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ GNOME ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
ÓÅËÕÎÄ (ÎÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÑÔÎÁÄÃÁÔÉ). ïÄÎÁËÏ ÐÒÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÈ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁÈ
×ÒÅÍÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÔÑÎÕÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÃÅÌÙÊ ÞÁÓ.</p>
<p>ðÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ
ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ. äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</p>
<pre>
ping `hostname`
</pre>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÏËÏÎÞÉÔÓÑ ÎÅÕÄÁÞÎÏ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ
ÐÏÌÎÏÅ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ × DNS ÌÉÂÏ × ÆÁÊÌ <tt>/etc/hosts</tt>.
åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÉÍÑ
ÈÏÓÔÁ × ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ Ó <tt>localhost</tt> ÆÁÊÌÁ <tt>/etc/hosts</tt>.
ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÅÓÌÉ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
<tt>gnome-rocks.mydomain.com</tt>, ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ
<tt>/etc/hosts</tt>, ÉÚÍÅÎÉ× ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ:</p>
<pre>
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.my.domain
</pre>
<p>îÁ:</p>
<pre>
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.my.domain gnome-rocks gnome-rocks.mydomain.com
</pre>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÚÁÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÏ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒÉÔØÓÑ × ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ FAM. îÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó GNOME
&gnomever;, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ FAM ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ × <tt>gnomevfs2</tt>
×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ. üÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ ÔÁËÉÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ, ËÁË
Nautilus, ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÐÙÔÁÀÔÓÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ
<tt>127.0.0.1:111</tt>. äÌÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ FAM ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ
<tt>pkg-message</tt> × <tt>/usr/ports/devel/fam</tt>. åÓÌÉ ×Ù
ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ FAM, ÕÄÁÌÉÔÅ ÐÏÒÔ <tt>devel/fam</tt>, Á
ÚÁÔÅÍ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × <tt>/etc/make.conf</tt> É
ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÐÏÒÔ <tt>devel/gnomevfs2 port</tt>:</p>
<pre>
WITHOUT_FAM=yes
</pre>
<p>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ sysctl-ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ blackhole ÄÌÑ TCP
ÉÌÉ UDP, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÁÍ ÐÒÉ ×ÈÏÄÅ × GNOME. åÓÌÉ
ÐÏÓÌÅ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÉͣΠÈÏÓÔÏ× É
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ FAM, ÚÁÐÕÓË GNOME ×Ó£ ÅÝ£ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ
×ÒÅÍÑ, ÔÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ sysctl-ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×
ÂÙÌÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ × 0:</p>
<pre>
net.inet.tcp.blackhole
net.inet.udp.blackhole
</pre>
</li>
<!-- Q21 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q21"></a>
<p><b>ëÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÁËÁÄÖÉ GNOME Ó GNOME Tinderbox?</b></p>
<!-- A21 -->
<p><a href="http://www.marcuscom.com/tinderbox/">GNOME
Tinderbox</a> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÀÝÅÊÓÑ
ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅÍ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ i386 ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÒÅÄÙ GNOME ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ FreeBSD. ÷ÍÅÓÔÅ Õ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÉÅ ÔÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÏÊ
ÂÁÚÙ × ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÍÅÔÁ-ÐÏÒÔÙ. üÔÏÔ
ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÁÍÏÊ
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ GNOME, ÜËÏÎÏÍÑÝÉÍ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÁ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÊ
ÓÒÅÄÙ ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</p>
<p>äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ Ó GNOME Tinderbox ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ
× ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ <tt>PACKAGESITE</tt>
ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ Ó ÐÁËÁÄÖÁÍÉ. åÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, Ý£ÌËÎÕ×
ÐÏ ÓÓÙÌËÅ <em>Package Directory</em> ÎÁ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ
Tinderbox. ðÏÓÌÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ Ó ÐÁËÁÄÖÁÍÉ
×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ Ë ÎÅÍÕ <tt>/Latest/</tt>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <tt>pkg_add gnome2</tt> ÂÅÚ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÚÎÁÔØ
ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÎÏÍÅÒÁ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ. ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔÅ Ó
FreeBSD 5.2.1, ÚÁÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <tt>PACKAGESITE</tt> ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ
ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</p>
<pre>
http://www.marcuscom.com/tb/packages/5.2.1-FreeBSD/Latest/
</pre>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ÐÁËÁÄÖ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD -STABLE,
-CURRENT ÉÌÉ ÌÀÂÏÍ ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÒÅÌÉÚÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ 4.9 ÉÌÉ 5.2, ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ <a href="#q1">ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑÍ</a> ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ GNOME
ÉÚ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ. ïÄÎÁËÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ
FreeBSD 4.9 ÉÌÉ 5.2.1, ÔÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÒÔ ÉÌÉ
ÐÁËÁÄÖ <tt>sysutils/pkg_install</tt>, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ GNOME ÉÚ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ:</p>
<pre>
/usr/local/sbin/pkg_add -r gnome2
</pre>
<p>áÄÅ ìÁ×ÅÔÔ (ade) ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏÅ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×
ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ amd64 ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÍÅÔÁ-ÐÏÒÔÏ× GNOME 2 ÎÁ Ó×Ï£Í
<a href="http://tinderbox.lovett.com/">ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ
ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ</a>.
</li>
<!-- Q22 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q22"></a>
<p><b>ëÁË × GNOME ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ MIME-ÔÉÐÙ?</b></p>
<!-- A22 -->
<p>îÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó GNOME &gnomever; MIME-ÔÉÐÙ ÈÒÁÎÑÔÓÑ × ÅÄÉÎÏÊ ÂÁÚÅ
ÄÁÎÎÙÈ FreeDesktop. ïÄÎÁËÏ gnome-control-center ÅÝ£ ÎÅ ÂÙÌ
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̣ΠÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÌÅÇËÏ
ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÔÉÐÙ MIME × ÜÔÕ ÂÁÚÕ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÅÓÌÉ ÔÁËÉÅ
ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ, ËÁË Nautilus, ÓÏÏÂÝÁÔ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ Ó ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÍ
ÆÁÊÌÏÍ ÎÅ Ó×ÑÚÁÎ ÎÉËÁËÏÊ MIME-ÔÉÐ, ÔÏ ÚÁËÌÁÄËÁ <em>Open With</em>
× ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ Properties ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ.</p>
<p>îÏ×ÙÅ ÔÉÐÙ MIME ÍÏÖÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ × ÏÄÎÏÍ ÉÌÉ Ä×ÕÈ ÍÅÓÔÁÈ. ôÉÐÙ
ÍÏÖÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ×ÓÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ,
ÌÉÂÏ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. MIME-ÔÉÐÙ ÄÌÑ
×ÓÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ×
<tt>${LOCALBASE}/share/mime</tt> ÌÉÂÏ
<tt>${X11BASE}/share/mime</tt>, Á ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÅ MIME-ÔÉÐÙ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ
× <tt>~/.local/share/mime</tt>. ÷ ÏÂÏÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ
×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×Ï.</p>
<p>äÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ MIME-ÔÉÐÁ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ
<em>application</em> É <em>packages</em>, ÅÇÏ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÝÉÅ. éÍÑ
ÆÁÊÌÁ application ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÔÉÐÕ MIME, É ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ
ÅÇÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ É ËÒÁÔËÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ. ÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ packages ÂÕÄÕÔ
ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÑÔØÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÜÔÉÍ MIME-ÔÉÐÏÍ, Á
ÔÁËÖÅ ÌÀÂÙÅ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÌÑ
ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÂÅÚ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÊ.</p>
<p>ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÅÓÌÉ ÍÙ ÈÏÔÉÍ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ MIME-ÔÉÐ ÄÌÑ
ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ Windows HTML Help (ÆÁÊÌÙ .chm) Ó ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
<b>application/x-chm</b>, ÍÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ. óÎÁÞÁÌÁ
ÍÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ
<tt>~/.local/share/mime/application</tt> É
<tt>~/.local/share/mime/packages</tt>, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ.
úÁÔÅÍ ÍÙ ÓÏÚÄÁ£Í ÆÁÊÌ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
<tt>x-chm.xml</tt>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÓÔÉÍ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
<tt>~/.local/share/mime/application</tt>. æÁÊÌ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</p>
<pre>
<xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<mime-type
xmlns="http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info"
type="application/x-chm">
<comment>Windows HTML Help file</comment>
</mime-type>
</pre>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÙ ÓÏÚÄÁ£Í packages-ÆÁÊÌ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ <tt>chm.xml</tt>,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÍ × <tt>~/.local/share/mime/packages</tt>. æÁÊÌ
×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÔÁË:</p>
<pre>
<xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<mime-info
xmlns="http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info">
<mime-type type="application/x-chm">
<comment>Windows HTML Help file</comment>
<glob pattern="*.chm" />
</mime-type>
</mime-info>
</pre>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÂÁÚÕ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ MIME. äÌÑ
ÜÔÏÇÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÔÁËÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</p>
<pre>
% update-mime-database ~/.local/share/mime
</pre>
<p>é, ÎÁËÏÎÅÃ, Ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÙÊÔÉ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏ
ÚÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ × GNOME, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÔÕÐÉÌÉ × ÓÉÌÕ
ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ. ôÅÐÅÒØ ÄÌÑ Ó×ÑÚËÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ MIME-ÔÉÐÏÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ <em>Properties->Open With</em> × Nautilus. ë
ÓÞÁÓÔØÀ, ×ÓÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ × ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ ÒÅÌÉÚÅ GNOME ÂÕÄÕÔ
ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÙ.</p>
</li>
<!-- Q23 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q23"></a>
<p><b>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ GDM ÄÌÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ×ÈÏÄÁ ×
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ?</b></p>
<!-- A23 -->
<p>GNOME Display Manager (GDM) ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÎÁ
Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÕÀ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁÃÉÀ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ. äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ
ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÍÙÈ ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ
Á×ÔÏÒÉÚÁÃÉÉ (PAM) ÄÌÑ <em>gdm-autologin</em>. ÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
5.X ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <tt>/etc/pam.d/gdm-autologin</tt> Ó ÔÁËÉÍ
ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÙÍ:</p>
<pre>
auth required pam_nologin.so
auth required pam_permit.so
account required pam_unix.so
session required pam_permit.so
</pre>
<p>÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ 4.X, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ×
<tt>/etc/pam.conf</tt>:</p>
<pre>
gdm-autologin auth required pam_permit.so
gdm-autologin account required pam_unix.so
gdm-autologin session required pam_permit.so
</pre>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ PAM, ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÀÝÅÊ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÕÀ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁÃÉÀ GDM,
ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ <tt>/usr/X11R6/etc/gdm/gdm.conf</tt> É ÚÁÄÁÊÔÅ
<tt>AutomaticLoginEnable=true</tt>, Á × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
<tt>AutomaticLogin</tt> ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ
×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ×ÈÏÄ. ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ:</p>
<pre>
AutomaticLoginEnable=true
AutomaticLogin=marcus
</pre>
<p>üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÕÀ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁÃÉÀ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
<em>marcus</em> ÓÒÁÚÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ GDM.</p>
</li>
<!-- Q24 -->
<li style="padding-bottom: 0.5em"><a name="q24"></a>
<p><b>ëÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÊ
ÓÒÅÄÙ Ó gnome2-lite ÄÏ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ GNOME &gnomever;?</b></p>
<!-- A24 -->
<p>÷ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ <em>Lite</em> ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÎÅ ×ÓÅ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ
ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÒÅÄÙ GNOME &gnomever;. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
ÐÏÌÎÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ, ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÕÄÁÌÉÔÅ ÐÁËÁÄÖ <tt>gnome2-lite</tt>, Á
ÚÁÔÅÍ <a href="#q1">ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ</a> ÐÏÒÔ ÉÌÉ ÐÁËÁÄÖ
<tt>gnome2</tt>. ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ:</p>
<pre>
# pkg_delete gnome2-lite
</pre>
<p>úÁÔÅÍ ÏÄÎÏ ÉÚ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ:</p>
<pre>
# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2
# make install clean
</pre>
<p>ÌÉÂÏ:</p>
<pre>
# pkg_add -r gnome2
</pre>
<p>ëÁË ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Õ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÙ
GNOME × ÉÎÄÉ×ÉÄÕÁÌØÎÏÍ ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×
ÉÌÉ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>
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