1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>éÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/amd64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
</head>
<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/amd64
5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">ðÒÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 ðÒÏÅËÔ
ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
<hr />
</div>
<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÄÁÅÔ ËÒÁÔËÉÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/amd64 5.3-RELEASE, ÏÓÏÂÏÅ
×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÕÄÅÌÅÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. ðÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ÐÏ
ÒÅÛÅÎÉÀ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ É ÞÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ.</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÕÄÅÌÅÎÏ
ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE É ÎÁÞÁÌÕ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. çÌÁ×Á <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
target="_top">``õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD''</a> <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
FreeBSD</a> ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÓÁÍÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ
ÐÏÛÁÇÏ×ÕÀ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÉÌÌÀÓÔÒÁÃÉÑÍÉ.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÅ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ FreeBSD, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó <a href="#UPGRADING">òÁÚÄ.
3</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. ðÅÒÅÄ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ</a></h3>
<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ,
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ, ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ Ó FreeBSD. ïÂÚÏÒ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ×,
ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÒÅÌÉÚÏÍ FreeBSD, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ; ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÔÁËÉÈ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ×
(ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÒÅÌÉÚÅ, ÓÐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ) ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ
Documentation ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
<p>ïÎ-ÌÁÊÎ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
target="_top">FAQ</a> É <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
target="_top">Handbook</a> ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
target="_top">×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ ðÒÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD</a>, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.</p>
<p>üÔÏÔ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ÐÏÔÒÁÞÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÉÈ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ,
ÏËÕÐÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏËÒÁÔÎÏ. ïÚÎÁËÏÍÌÅÎÉÅ Ó ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍÉ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
<p>äÁÖÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÔ Ë ÎÅÕÄÁÞÅ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÔÏÌËÎÕÌÉÓØ Ó
ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍÉ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">òÁÚÄ. 4</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ
ÒÅÛÅÎÉÀ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ Ó×ÅÖÕÀ ËÏÐÉÀ ÆÁÊÌÁ <tt
class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> ÐÅÒÅÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÏÎ ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÄÉÔ ×ÁÓ Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÈ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÙ ÚÁ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> èÏÔÑ FreeBSD ÕÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÀ ÐÏÔÅÒÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ
ÖÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÐÏÔÅÒÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
ÄÉÓËÅ</i></span> ÐÒÉ ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÅ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔÅ Ë ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍÕ ÍÅÎÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
FreeBSD ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÏ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÏÅ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. ôÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÍÕ
ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÀ</a></h3>
<p>FreeBSD ÄÌÑ AMD64 ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁÍÉ Athlon64, Athlon64-FX, Opteron ÉÌÉ ×ÙÛÅ.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ nVidia nForce3 Pro-150, ×ÁÍ îåïâèïäéíï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ BIOS
setup ÄÌÑ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ IO APIC. åÓÌÉ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ, ×ÁÍ ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ
ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙËÌÀÞÉÔØ ACPI. ÷ ÞÉÐÓÅÔÅ Pro-150 ÅÓÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÍÙ ÅÝÅ ÎÅ ÎÁÛÌÉ
ÏÂÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÕÔÉ.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÏÊ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD, ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ
<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; × ÎÅÍ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ
ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍÕ FreeBSD.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. éÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ
ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h3>
<p>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × FreeBSD/amd64.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
FreeBSD Ó CDROM ÉÌÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ</a></h3>
<p>ðÒÏÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó CDROM. åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ CDROM É
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ CD FreeBSD, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ Ä×Á ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÎÅÇÏ:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔ ``CDBOOT'' ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ CDROM É ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ Ó CD
×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ CD FreeBSD × ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ É ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ
ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ <tt
class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <a href="#FLOPPIES">òÁÚÄ.
1.3</a> Ó ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÐÏÄ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ
ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ. úÁÔÅÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅÓØ Ó ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, É ×ÓËÏÒÅ ÎÁÞÎÅÔÓÑ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN200" name="AEN200">1.5. äÅÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍ
ÔÉÐÁÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h3>
<p>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÜËÒÁÎ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍ
ÍÅÎÀ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÒÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD,
×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÉÚ ÐÏÄÍÅÎÀ Documentation, ËÁË É ÏÂÝÉÅ
ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ``Usage'' ÉÚ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>úÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ÓÔÒÅÔÉÌÉÓØ Ó ÚÁÔÒÕÄÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ <b
class="KEYCAP">F1</b> ÄÌÑ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ÏÎÌÁÊÎ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÅÊÓÑ Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÒÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÌÉ FreeBSD, ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÌÉ,
ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ``Standard'', ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎ ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÒÕÅÔ
×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÐÕÎËÔÏ× ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD É <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÔÏÞÎÏ</i></span> ÚÎÁÅÔÅ,
ÞÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ``Express'' ÉÌÉ ``Custom''. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÅ
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ``Upgrade''.</p>
<p>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔ,
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× DOS, NFS, UFS, ÌÅÎÔ É CDROM × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅÊ; ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÉÅ
ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅÊ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN239" name="AEN239">1.5.1. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó CDROM ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ</a></h4>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÁ CDROM, ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <a
href="#START-INSTALLATION">òÁÚÄ. 1.4</a>. åÓÌÉ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÁ CDROM É ×Ù
ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ,
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó CDROM ÎÁ
ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ FreeBSD, ÜÔÏ ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ: ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É
ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÆÁÊÌ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ (ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
</pre>
<p>îÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÇÄÅ ×Ù ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ, ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ÍÅÎÀ Options É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ
ÒÅÌÉÚÁ × <var class="LITERAL">any</var>. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÔÉÐ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ <var
class="LITERAL">FTP</var>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<var
class="REPLACEABLE">machine</var></tt> ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ``URL'' × ÍÅÎÀ ftp ÓÁÊÔÏ×.</p>
<div class="WARNING">
<blockquote class="WARNING">
<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÌÀÂÏÍÕ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (ÉÌÉ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ) ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
``ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ'' FTP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÏ.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NFS ÄÌÑ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÁ
ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÅÓÔÉÓØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓØ × ÆÁÊÌ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÇÄÅ
ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ CDROM). ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÎÉÖÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ <tt
class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
/cdrom -ro ziggy.foo.com
</pre>
<p>ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ Ó CDROM ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å NFS ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, É ÅÓÌÉ
×Ù ÎÅ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ ËÁË ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, NFS ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ ÎÅ ÌÕÞÛÉÊ ×ÙÂÏÒ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÓ, ÐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÔÅ
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> É ÎÅ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ. ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÑ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÁ ÞÁÓÔØ ÐÒÏÛÌÁ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ:
<tt class="FILENAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">cdrom-host</var>:/cdrom</tt> × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
ÐÕÔÉ Ë NFS ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ <tt
class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN271" name="AEN271">1.5.2. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h4>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÉÌÉ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÅÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÉÌÉ ÐÏÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÒÁ×ÉÔÓÑ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.</p>
<p>óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">òÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
<p>úÁÔÅÍ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <a href="#LAYOUT">òÁÚÄ. 2</a> É ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ``Distribution Format'', ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÐÕÓÔÉÔØ.</p>
<p>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ, ÓÔÏÌØËÏ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÌÑ
×ÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÄÇÏÔÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÐÏÄ DOS, ÏÎÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏÌÖÎÙ</i></span> ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ MS-DOS
<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ Windows, ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
format ÉÚ Windows File Manager.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÄÉÓËÉ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÕÖÅ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ,
ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ, ÓÔÁÌÉ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅÊ. ðÅÒÅÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÌÑ
Õ×ÅÒÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ Ó FreeBSD, ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ DOS ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ.
÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> É
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÄÌÑ
ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÌÌÀÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
</pre>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÄÌÑ DOS ÉÌÉ UFS, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÙ.
æÁÊÌÙ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÌÓÑ
ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁÊÌ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ × Ó×ÏÅÍ
ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ, Ô.Å.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> æÁÊÌ <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎ ÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÞÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ
× ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ. ðÒÉ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁÊÌ <tt
class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏÌÖÅÎ</i></span> ÐÏÍÅÝÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
ÎÁÂÏÒÁ.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜËÒÁÎ Media, ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ``Floppy'' É
ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN311" name="AEN311">1.5.3. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS</a></h4>
<p>äÌÑ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ Ë ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ MS-DOS ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÉÚ
ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">FREEBSD</tt> ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ DOS (<tt
class="DEVICENAME">C:</tt>). îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ó
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ Ó CDROM, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">C:\></samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">MD C:\FREEBSD</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">C:\></samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">XCOPY /S E:\BASE C:\FREEBSD\BASE</kbd>
</pre>
<p>ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁ <tt class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎ CD.</p>
<p>äÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS (É ÄÌÑ
ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ), ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <tt
class="FILENAME">C:\FREEBSD</tt> -- ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÜÔÏ <tt
class="FILENAME">BIN</tt>.</p>
<p>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ É
×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ``DOS'' × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÉÄÅÔ ×ÒÅÍÑ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN336" name="AEN336">1.5.4. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó QIC/SCSI ÌÅÎÔÙ</a></h4>
<p>ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÌÅÎÔÙ, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ Ó
ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ
ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ <tt
class="COMMAND">tar</tt> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÎÁ ÌÅÎÔÕ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <var
class="REPLACEABLE">/where/you/have/your/dists</var></kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <var
class="REPLACEABLE">dist1</var> .. <var class="REPLACEABLE">dist2</var></kbd>
</pre>
<p>ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ (ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÅÎÏ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ) ÄÌÑ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ</i></span> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÌÅÎÔÙ. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ
ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÌÅÎÔÙ, ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï
×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ ÈÒÁÎÉÌÉÝÅ. ïÔ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÏÌØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÓÐÁËÏ×ËÉ
ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×, ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÌÅÎÔÕ.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>úÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ:</b> äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÌÅÎÔÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÁ × ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ. éÎÁÞÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÅ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">òÁÚÄ. 1.3</a> É
ÐÒÉÓÔÕÐÁÊÔÅ Ë ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP ÉÌÉ
NFS</a></h4>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ
ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ 3 ÔÉÐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ: ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ, ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ
ÐÏÒÔ ÉÌÉ Ethernet.</p>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN361" name="AEN361">1.5.5.1. ðÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ</a></h5>
<p>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ SLIP ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÐÒÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ, É ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ,
ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅÌØ ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÍÑ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÍÉ. óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ SLIP ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ. åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ÐÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÕ ÉÌÉ ÉÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ
ÅÇÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ PPP.</p>
<p>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ É Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï DNS,
ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÉ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÒÁÎÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÚÎÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ PPP ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÅ
ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ, ÅÓÌÉ
ÏÎ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÔÁËÕÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</p>
<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ``AT ËÏÍÁÎÄ'' ×ÁÛÅÊ
ÍÏÄÅÌÉ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ PPP ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ
ÜÍÕÌÑÔÏÒ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN367" name="AEN367">1.5.5.2. ðÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ</a></h5>
<p>åÓÌÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ FreeBSD ÉÌÉ Linux, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÓÔÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ ``laplink'' ËÁÂÅÌØ. óËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÕÀ
ÌÉÎÉÀ (ÄÏ 50Ë/ÓÅË), × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ. ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ``ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ'' IP ÁÄÒÅÓ ÐÒÉ PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ RFC 1918 ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÃÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ <tt
class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, É Ô.Ä.).</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ Ó Linux, Á ÎÅ Ó FreeBSD × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ PLIP, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ <var class="OPTION">link0</var> × ÏËÎÅ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ TCP/IP, ÐÏÌÅ ``extra options for ifconfig'', ÄÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó
ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÎÁÞÅ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ PLIP ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏÍ Linux.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN378" name="AEN378">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
<p>FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ËÁÒÔ Ethernet; ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ
ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÁÒÔ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÁÓÔØÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (<tt
class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> × ÍÅÎÀ Documentation ÎÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ ÉÌÉ ×
ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ CDROM). åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÏÄÎÕ ÉÚ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ PCMCIA Ethernet
ËÁÒÔ, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÌÜÐÔÏÐÁ. ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, FreeBSD ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ PCMCIA ËÁÒÔ ``ÎÁ ÈÏÄÕ'' ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÍÁÓËÕ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, É
ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ. ÷ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ËÁËÉÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
ÐÏÄÏÊÄÕÔ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ÐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
IP ÁÄÒÅÓÁ, ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÍÅÎ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÛÌÀÚÁ (ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ
PPP, ÜÔÏ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ). åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó FTP ÞÅÒÅÚ HTTP
ÐÒÏËÓÉ (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÐÒÏËÓÉ.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÐÏÇÏ×ÏÒÉÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÐÅÒÅÄ</i></span> ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ
ÔÉÐÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÅÍÙÈ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÉÌÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÍÁÓË ×
ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÑËÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÄÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÓÌÕÛÁÔØ
ÌÅËÃÉÀ ÏÔ ÒÁÓÓÅÒÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ.</p>
<p>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÌÉ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÔÉÐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS ÉÌÉ FTP.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN388" name="AEN388">1.5.5.4. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ
NFS</a></h5>
<p>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ: ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á FreeBSD
ËÕÄÁ-ÌÉÂÏ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ É ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÂÏÒÅ NFS ÔÉÐÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÅÒÅÚ ``ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ'' (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
ÜÔÏ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÈ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÊ Sun É Linux), ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ × ÍÅÎÀ Options ÐÅÒÅÄ ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ Ethernet ËÁÒÔÁ ÐÌÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Á É ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÏÞÅÎØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ×Ù
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÆÌÁÇ × Options.</p>
<p>äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS, ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ``subdir mounts'', Ô.Å. ÅÓÌÉ
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt
class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÔØ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, Á ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> ÉÌÉ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
<p>÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> ÜÔÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <var class="OPTION">-alldirs</var>. äÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NFS ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ <var class="LITERAL">Permission
Denied</var>, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN405" name="AEN405">1.5.5.5. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ
FTP</a></h5>
<p>FTP ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ Ó ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÚÅÒËÁÌÉÒÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÇÏ Ó×ÅÖÕÀ
×ÅÒÓÉÀ FreeBSD. ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÊ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÚÅÒËÁÌÏ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÒÅÇÉÏÎÁ ÍÉÒÁ,
ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó FTP ÓÁÊÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË, ÉÌÉ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÏÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÉÍÅÎ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ URL ÐÕÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ
``URL'' × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ. URL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÉÌÉ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÉÍÅÎ ÐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ URL ×ÒÏÄÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/4.2-RELEASE
</pre>
<p>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÔÉÐÁ FTP ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>FTP: üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ``ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÞÅÒÅÚ
ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÏ×, ÎÏ ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÒÙÍÉ FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ. åÓÌÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÏÂÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ, ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ
ÜÔÏÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>FTP Passive: õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ``ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ÒÅÖÉÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ
ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÏ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ,
ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÍÓÑ ÚÁ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÀÔ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÙÍ
ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>FTP ÞÅÒÅÚ HTTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ: üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ HTTP ÄÌÑ
×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÒÏËÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ FTP ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ. ðÒÏËÓÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÔÒÁÎÓÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ É
ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÉÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ FTP. üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÙ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÎÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÀÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ FTP, ÎÏ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ HTTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÐÒÏËÓÉ × ÄÏÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ Ë FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ.</p>
<p>÷ ÒÅÄËÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ FTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÞÅÒÅÚ HTTP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ URL
ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<var
class="REPLACEABLE">port</var>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
</pre>
<p>÷ URL ×ÙÛÅ, <var class="REPLACEABLE">port</var> ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÐÏÒÔÁ FTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN427" name="AEN427">1.5.6. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ
ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ</a></h4>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ FreeBSD ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÊ ÔÏÌØËÏ
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ (Ô.Å. ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊ VGA ËÁÒÔÙ), ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ:</p>
<div class="PROCEDURE">
<ol type="1">
<li>
<p>ðÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÌÀÂÏÊ ANSI (vt100) ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ Ë
<tt class="DEVICENAME">COM1</tt> ÐÏÒÔÕ PC, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ïÔËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÕ (ÄÁ, ÜÔÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ!) É ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÉÌÉ
ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ CDROM, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÔÉÐÁ ÉÍÅÀÝÅÇÏÓÑ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ, Ó
ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÏÊ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÕ ÏÐÑÔØ.
åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÅÓØ Ó CDROM, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ <a href="#HITSPACE">ÛÁÇ 5</a> ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
ÓÉÇÎÁÌÏ×.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ðÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÐÏÓÌÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË <tt
class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. ðÏÓÌÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
ÞÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÄÉÓË <tt class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>, É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× <tt
class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt>. ëÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÓÑ, ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÏÐÑÔØ <tt
class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>
</li>
<li><a id="HITSPACE" name="HITSPACE"></a>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ Ú×ÕËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÁ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ÃÉÆÒÕ <b class="KEYCAP">6</b>, ÚÁÔÅÍ ××ÅÄÉÔÅ</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot -h</kbd>
</pre>
<p>É ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ. åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÎÅ
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅÌØ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ ÉÌÉ
ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á. ïÎÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÎÁ 9600 ËÂÉÔ, 8 ÂÉÔ, ÂÅÚ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ
ÞÅÔÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN454" name="AEN454">1.6. ÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ
AMD64</a></h3>
<div class="QANDASET">
<dl>
<dt>1.6.1. <a href="#Q1.6.1.">ðÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ! õ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ! îÕÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×ÓÅ
ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ?</a></dt>
<dt>1.6.2. <a href="#Q1.6.2.">íÏÇÕ Ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ DOS ÉÚ
FreeBSD?</a></dt>
<dt>1.6.3. <a href="#Q1.6.3.">íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ DOS?</a></dt>
<dt>1.6.4. <a href="#Q1.6.4.">íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ DOS ×
FreeBSD?</a></dt>
<dt>1.6.5. <a href="#Q1.6.5.">íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ <span
class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>® <span
class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>®?</a></dt>
<dt>1.6.6. <a href="#Q1.6.6.">íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</a></dt>
</dl>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q1.6.1." name="Q1.6.1."></a><b>1.6.1.</b> ðÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ! õ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ! îÕÖÎÏ ÌÉ
ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×ÓÅ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ?</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>åÓÌÉ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ ÕÖÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ DOS É ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ÎÅÔ ÉÌÉ
ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÅÝÅ ÎÅ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎÏ! ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ <b
class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b>, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÁÑÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">tools/</tt>
FreeBSD CDROM ÉÌÉ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ftp ÓÁÊÔÁÈ FreeBSD.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔØ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï DOS
ÎÁ Ä×Å ÞÁÓÔÉ, ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÑ ÉÍÅÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ É ÄÅÌÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÎÁ ×ÔÏÒÕÀ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÕÀ
ÞÁÓÔØ. óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÄÅÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ <tt
class="FILENAME">DEFRAG</tt> ÉÚ DOS 6.xx ÉÌÉ <b class="APPLICATION">Norton Disk
Tools</b>, ÚÁÔÅÍ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ FIPS. ïÎ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÉÔ ×ÓÀ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ FreeBSD × ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ. õÞÔÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ, ÞÔÏ FIPS ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ
ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ËÁË ``ËÌÏÎ'' ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔÓÑ Ä×Á ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS. îÅ ×ÏÌÎÕÊÔÅÓØ! ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ DOS (ÕÂÅÄÉ×ÛÉÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ,
ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉ× ÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ).</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> × ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ îå ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÍÉ NTFS. äÌÑ
ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÔÁËÉÍÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÍÉ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÊ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔ, ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË <b
class="APPLICATION">Partition Magic</b>. üÔÏ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ,
ÅÓÌÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ Windows ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË É ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó ÎÕÌÑ.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÍÉ DOS.
ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ Windows 95/98/ME FAT32.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q1.6.2." name="Q1.6.2."></a><b>1.6.2.</b> íÏÇÕ Ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ DOS ÉÚ FreeBSD?</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>îÅÔ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÔÁËÕÀ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ ËÁË <b
class="APPLICATION">Stacker</b>(tm) ÉÌÉ <b class="APPLICATION">DoubleSpace</b>(tm),
FreeBSD ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÕ ÞÁÓÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ×Ù ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌÉ
ÎÅÓÖÁÔÏÊ. ïÓÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÁ × ×ÉÄÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ
(ÆÁÊÌ stacked/dblspaced!). <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÊÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ
ÆÁÊÌ</i></span>!</p>
<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÎÅÓÖÁÔÙÊ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÊ DOS ÒÁÚÄÅÌ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÄÌÑ
ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÍÅÖÄÕ DOS É FreeBSD, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q1.6.3." name="Q1.6.3."></a><b>1.6.3.</b> íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ DOS?</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>äÁ. òÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ DOS ÉÍÅÎÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ``ÓÌÁÊÓÏ×'' FreeBSD, Ô.Å.
<tt class="DEVICENAME">D:</tt> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s5</tt>, <tt
class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> -- <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s6</tt> É Ô.Ä. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ
ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ SCSI 0. äÌÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× IDE ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ
<var class="LITERAL">da</var> ÎÁ <var class="LITERAL">ad</var> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. éÎÙÍÉ
ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ, ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É ÌÀÂÙÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ DOS ÄÉÓËÉ, Ô.Å.:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">mount -t msdos /dev/da0s5 /dos_d</kbd>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q1.6.4." name="Q1.6.4."></a><b>1.6.4.</b> íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ
DOS × FreeBSD?</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>èÏÔÑ ÅÝÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÓÔÒÙÅ ÕÇÌÙ, ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄÏÊÔÉ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=doscmd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">doscmd</span>(1)</span></a>,
ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÎÁÄ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÅÔÓÑ. ðÏÒÔ/ÐÁËÅÔ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× FreeBSD. åÓÌÉ
×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÎÁÄ ÜÔÏÊ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ, ÏÔÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ ÐÉÓØÍÏ × <a
href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-emulation" target="_top">óÐÉÓÏË
ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÙÊ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ ×Ï FreeBSD</a> É ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÜÔÏÊ
ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÀÝÅÊÓÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ!</p>
<p>ðÏÒÔ/ÐÁËÅÔ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/pcemu/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">emulators/pcemu</tt></a> × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× FreeBSD ÜÍÕÌÉÒÕÅÔ 8088 É
BIOS ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ DOS. äÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÅÍÕ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ X Window
System (XFree86).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q1.6.5." name="Q1.6.5."></a><b>1.6.5.</b> íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD
ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ <span class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>® <span
class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>®?</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÒÔÏ×/ÐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ
ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>.
ðÏÒÔ/ÐÁËÅÔ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/wine/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">emulators/wine</tt></a> ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÄ FreeBSD,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÉÍ <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × X
Windows (XFree86).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q1.6.6." name="Q1.6.6."></a><b>1.6.6.</b> íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>÷ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÒÔÏ×/ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÍÉÔÉÒÕÀÔ
``×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ'' É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ FreeBSD.
ðÏÒÔ/ÐÁËÅÔ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/bochs/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">emulators/bochs</tt></a> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ <span
class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span> <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>, Linux É
ÄÁÖÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ËÏÐÉÑÍ FreeBSD ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÏËÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÇÏ ÓÔÏÌÁ FreeBSD. ðÏÒÔÙ/ÐÁËÅÔÙ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/vmware2/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">emulators/vmware2</tt></a> É <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/vmware3/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">emulators/vmware3</tt></a> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÅ
×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ VMware.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. óÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á</a></h2>
<p>ôÉÐÉÞÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË (ÄÅÔÁÌÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ ×
ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ, ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ, É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÆÁËÔÏÒÏ×):</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
ERRATA.HTM README.TXT compat1x dict kernel
ERRATA.TXT RELNOTES.HTM compat20 doc manpages
HARDWARE.HTM RELNOTES.TXT compat21 docbook.css packages
HARDWARE.TXT base compat22 filename.txt ports
INSTALL.HTM boot compat3x floppies proflibs
INSTALL.TXT catpages compat4x games src
README.HTM cdrom.inf crypto info tools
</pre>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ CDROM, FTP ÉÌÉ NFS ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ, ×ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ
ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ 1.44MB ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÓÍ. <a href="#FLOPPIES">òÁÚÄ.
1.3</a>), ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÎÉÈ É ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑÍ. ïÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÄÌÑ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÒÁÎØÛÅ
ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÌÉ FreeBSD, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ (ÆÁÊÌ
ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ).</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ, ÉÌÉ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÚÎÁÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÏÂ
ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÉÖÅÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>
<p>æÁÊÌÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ
ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> É
<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), ÉÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
æÁÊÌÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, Á ÆÁÊÌÙ <tt
class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÜÔÏ HTML ÆÁÊÌÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÙ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
ÌÀÂÙÍ ×Å ÂÒÁÕÚÅÒÏÍ. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇÕÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ × ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË PDF ÉÌÉ PostScript.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> ÜÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ×Å ÂÒÁÕÚÅÒÁÍÉ ÄÌÑ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ HTML ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ëÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á FreeBSD É ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ
ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ëÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ
ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÙ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÒÙÍÉ ÒÅÌÉÚÁÍÉ É ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÄÉÎÏÞÎÙÈ
ÕÐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ gzip tar ÆÁÊÌÁÈ -- ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ ÉÌÉ
ÐÏÚÖÅ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>÷ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ;
ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÉÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÁÎÁ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">òÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ëÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ
ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÀ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× É ÐÏÒÔÏ× FreeBSD. ðÁËÅÔÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ <tt
class="FILENAME">packages</tt> ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
</pre>
<p>ðÁËÅÔÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
<p>ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ËÁË ÌÀÂÏÊ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ É
ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÏËÏÌÏ 190MB ÍÅÓÔÁ. äÁÌØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÁ
Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> ÉÌÉ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏ ÉÚ <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ <tt
class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ DOS ÄÌÑ
ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÇÅÏÍÅÔÒÉÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÏ× É Ô.Ð. üÔÉ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ
ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙ É ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÕÄÏÂÓÔ×Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<br />
<p>ôÉÐÉÞÎÙÊ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) ÉÚÎÕÔÒÉ
×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
CHECKSUM.MD5 info.ab info.ad info.inf install.sh
info.aa info.ac info.ae info.mtree
</pre>
<p>æÁÊÌ <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÙÅ ÓÕÍÍÙ MD5 ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÎÅ ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄÅÎ ÌÉ ÆÁÊÌ. ïÎ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ. æÁÊÌÙ <tt
class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> ÜÔÏ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÕÐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ gzip tar ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
</pre>
<p>÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÜÔÉ ÞÁÓÔÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÀÔÓÑ É ÉÚ×ÌÅËÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
<p>æÁÊÌ <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎ ÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÞÉÓÌÁ ÞÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×
ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ. ðÒÉ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁÊÌ <tt
class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏÌÖÅÎ</i></span>
ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ!</p>
<p>æÁÊÌ <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> ÜÔÏ ÅÝÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅ-ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ,
ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ. ïÎ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÙÅ ÓÕÍÍÙ MD5 ÄÌÑ <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÒÁÓÐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ</i></span> ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× É ×
ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> ÄÌÑ
ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×. éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ <tt
class="FILENAME">base</tt> ÜÔÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÉÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÔÒÏÑÎÓËÉÈ ÁÔÁË ÎÁ ×ÁÛÕ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</p>
<p>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏÞÅÔ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ
info Ó CDROM ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>üÔÁ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÕ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ Ó ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ
FreeBSD.</p>
<div class="WARNING">
<blockquote class="WARNING">
<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÐÒÅÄÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÍÅÒÙ ÄÌÑ
ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÔÅÒÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">ÐÏÔÅÒÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ</i></span> ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ!
ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÎÅ ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄÁÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÂÅÚ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÏÊ ËÏÐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ
ÆÁÊÌÏ×.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÄÅÓØ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÕÀ Ó ÔÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÅÊ FreeBSD, ÄÏ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ
×ÅÒÓÉÉ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
ÜÔÏ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÁ × ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ
ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ. îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÓÏ×ÅÒÛÁÅÍÁÑ × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÏÛÉÂËÁ -- ÜÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁÒÏÊ
ËÏÐÉÉ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚ
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÄÏ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ. üÔÏ <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="WARNING">
<blockquote class="WARNING">
<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> âÉÎÁÒÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Ó FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÎÁ
ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. ÷ FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ
ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÒÁÚÒÕÛÉÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ. ïÄÉÎ
ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÜÔÏ ÓÔÁÒÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ
ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ C++ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ (ÉÌÉ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ
×ÏÏÂÝÅ).</p>
<p>üÔÉ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÀÝÉÈÓÑ Ó
ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ Ó×ÅÖÉÈ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÏ×.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN678" name="AEN678">3.1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
<p>ðÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÙ ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏÒÙ
ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ FreeBSD. ïÎÁ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ É ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ.</p>
<p>áÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁÍ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ, ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚÕÞÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ
ÐÅÒÅÄ ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN682" name="AEN682">3.1.1. ïÂÚÏÒ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ</a></h4>
<p>ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÉÚ×ÌÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ
ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ. æÁÊÌÙ, ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÅ ÓÔÁÒÏÍÕ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Õ, ÎÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÀÔÓÑ.</p>
<p>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×:</p>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
<p>÷ÅÒÓÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
ÅÓÌÉ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ×ÚÁÉÍÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙ, É ÌÕÞÛÁÑ
ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ -- ÜÔÏ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ×
ÎÏ×ÙÅ.</p>
<p>÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ Õ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ
ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. åÓÌÉ × ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN756" name="AEN756">3.2. ðÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ</a></h3>
<p>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÅÔÁÌÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÕÄÅÌÅÎÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÍ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN759" name="AEN759">3.2.1. òÅÚÅÒ×ÎÏÅ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</a></h4>
<p>äÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÙ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ. èÏÔÑ
ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÞÁÓÔÉÞÎÏÅ
ÉÌÉ ÐÏÌÎÏÅ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÞÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN762" name="AEN762">3.2.2. íÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</a></h4>
<p>úÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÓÏ ÓÐÉÓËÏÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
ðÅÒÅÄ ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× É
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÔÏÞËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÉ ÔÏÞËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ××ÅÄÅÎÙ ÚÄÅÓØ.
<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ</i></span> ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÊÔÅ ``newfs flag''
ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ÐÏÔÅÒÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN767" name="AEN767">3.2.3. ÷ÙÂÏÒ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×</a></h4>
<p>îÁ ×ÙÂÏÒ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ× ÎÅ ÎÁËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ. ïÂÝÅÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ×
ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÂÒÁÎ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ <var
class="LITERAL">base</var>, É <var class="LITERAL">man</var> ÅÓÌÉ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ
ÕÖÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ. äÒÕÇÉÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÚÖÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ
ÚÁÈÏÞÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h4>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÁ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷
ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> É <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN777" name="AEN777">3.3. ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
<p>äÌÑ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÕÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÇÉÂËÉÍ É ``ÉÎÔÅÌÌÅËÔÕÁÌØÎÙÍ'' ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ,
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÇÌÁ×Á òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
target="_top">îÁ ÐÅÒÅÄÎÅÍ ËÒÁÅ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÏË</a>. üÔÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ÐÅÒÅÓÂÏÒËÅ
FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÎÁ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÈÏÒÏÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ
ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ É ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Á ÐÒÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÈ.
üÔÏ ÔÁ ÖÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ, ÞÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ -STABLE ÉÌÉ
-CURRENT.</p>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ×ÁÖÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏÔÒÁÖÅÎÙ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÅÓÑ Ë
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ × FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏ×ÌÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. òÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ</a></h2>
<div class="SECT2">
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. ÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD</a></h3>
<p>FreeBSD ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÏÐÃÉÀ ``Fixit'' × ×ÅÒÈÎÅÍ ÍÅÎÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ. äÌÑ ÅÅ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÌÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÞÔÏ É ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÁÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ, ÉÌÉ ``live filesystem'' CDROM;
ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ CDROM × ÍÎÏÇÏÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÍ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Å FreeBSD.</p>
<p>äÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ fixit ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>, ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ
``Fixit'' ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ É ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ fixit ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ÉÌÉ CDROM ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ. ðÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÁ
Ó ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄ (× ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁÈ <tt class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> É <tt
class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>) ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ, ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ É ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ÉÈ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ. äÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ</i></span> ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÏÐÙÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ UNIX.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN798" name="AEN798">4.2. ðÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ
ÓÔÁÌËÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ AMD64</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
FreeBSD, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏÐÒÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ,</a> ÐÒÅÖÄÅ ÞÅÍ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÐÉÓØÍÏ ×
<<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÄÐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ <<a
href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÏ
ÁÄÒÅÓÕ <<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p>
</body>
</html>
|
