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|
<!-- $Id: network.sgml,v 1.5 1999-05-11 10:31:56 foxfair Exp $ -->
<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
<!-- Translate into Chinese by wing@cc.nsysu.edu.tw, jtjang@gcn.net.tw -->
<!-- English Version: 1.20 -->
<sect>
<heading>ºô¸ô³]©w<label id="networking"></heading>
<sect1>
<heading>§ÚÀ³¸Ó¨ìþÃä§ä¦³ÃöµLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷ (diskless booting) ªº¸ê®Æ?</heading>
<p>µLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷´N¬OÅý FreeBSD ¥D¾÷±qºô¸ô¤W¶}¾÷,¨Ã¥B±qºô¸ô¤Wªº server ¤WŪ¨ú
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<url url="../handbook/diskless.html"
name="FreeBSD ¤â¥UªºµLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷½g">
<sect1>
<heading>
FreeBSD ªº¥D¾÷¥i¥H·í§@¬YÓºô¸ô¤Wªº¸ô¥Ñ¾¹ (router) ¶Ü ?
</heading>
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<tt/YES/ ¦b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf"
name="rc.conf">³oÓÀɮפ¤
<verb>
gateway_enable=YES # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway
</verb>
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url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sysctl" name="sysctl"> ÅܼƳ]©w
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<sect1>
<heading>§Ú¥i¥H³z¹L FreeBSD ±N§Úªº Win95 ¾÷¾¹³s¤W Internet ¶Ü?</heading>
<p>°ò¥»¤W, ·|°Ý³oºØ°ÝÃDªº¤H¦b®a¸Ì¦Ü¤Ö¦³¨â¥x¹q¸£, ¤@¥x¶] FreeBSD
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<heading>
FreeBSD ¤ä´© NAT ©Î Masquerading ¶Ü?<label id="natd">
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<sect2>
<heading>Ppp ¦b -auto ¼Ò¦¡¤U¤£¯à¼·¸¹</heading>
<p>º¥ý½T©w§Aªº¤º©w¸ô¥Ñ (default route) ¬O§_¦³³]©w¡C ¤U <htmlurl
url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat">
name="netstat -rn"> ³oÓ«ü¥O, §AÀ³¸Ó¯à°÷¬Ý¨ì¦p¥H¤U½d¨Òªº¨âÓ entries :
<verb>
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire
default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0
10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1 UH 0 0 tun0
</verb>
<p>³o¨Ç³]©w¬O°²³]±z¨Ï¥Îªº address ¸ò handbook ¸Ì±ªº¡B©Î¬O man
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default route¡A¨º»ò¦³¥i¯à±z²{¦b¨Ï¥Îª©¥»ªº <htmlurl
url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp">¡Aªº
ppp ·|¬Ý¤£À´ ppp.conf ¸Ìªº <tt/HISADDR/¡C¦pªG±zªº¨t²Î <bf/ppp/
¬O¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ¤§«eªº¸Ü, קï³o¤@¦æ
<verb>
add 0 0 HISADDR
</verb>
<p>¦¨¬°
<verb>
add 0 0 10.0.0.2
</verb>
<p>default route ³o¦æ¨S¦³¥X²{ªº¥t¤@Óì¦]¬O§A³]¿ù¤F default
router¡A³oÓ³]©w¦b <htmlurl
url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf"
name="/etc/rc.conf"> Àɮפ¤(³oÓÀɮצb release 2.2.2 «e¥s
<tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt>)¡A§A»Ýn¦b <tt>ppp.conf</tt> ¤¤¥[¤J³o
»ò¤@¦æ
<verb>
delete ALL
</verb>
<p>¦pªGµo¥Í³oºØ±¡§Î, ¦^¨ì handbook <url
url="../handbook/userppp:final.html" name="userppp ³Ì«á³]©w">
ªº»¡©ú¤¤¬d¸ß¡C
<sect2>
<heading>¤°»ò¥s°µ "No route to host"</heading>
<p>³oÓª¬ªp³q±`¬O¦]¬°¯Ê¤Ö¤F³o¬q³]©w
<verb>
MYADDR:
delete ALL
add 0 0 HISADDR
</verb>
<p>½ÐÀˬd±zªº <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</tt> Àɮפ¤¬O§_¦³³o¨Ç³]©w¡C
¥u¦³¦b±z¨Ï¥Î°ÊºA IP(dynamic IP) ©Î¤£ª¾¹D±z gateway ªº IP ®É¤~»Ýn
³]©w³oÓ¡C¦pªG±z¬O¨Ï¥Î interactive mode ªº¸Ü, ±z¥i¥H¦b¶i¤J packet
mode «á¿é¤J¦p¤U©R¥O(¦pªG ppp ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹Åܦ¨¤j¼gªº <bf/PPP/¡A«K¥Nªí¤w
¸g¶i¤J packet mode)¡G
<verb>
delete ALL
add 0 0 HISADDR
</verb>
<p>±z¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò handbook ¤¤ <url url="../handbook/userppp:dynamicIP.html"
name="PPP ©M°ÊºA IP ¦ì§}"> ªº³¡¥÷¡A¦³¸û¸ÔºÉªº»¡©ú¡C
<sect2>
<heading>§Úªº³s½u¦b¤T¤ÀÄÁ«á¦Û°ÊÂ_±¼¤F</heading>
<p>ppp ¹w³]ªº timeout ȬO¤T¤ÀÄÁ¡C¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤U³o¦æ©R¥O½Õ¾ã
<verb>
set timeout NNN
</verb>
<p>³o¥Nªí¦pªG¦b <bf/NNN/ ¬í¤ººô¸ô³£¨S¦³°ÊÀRªº¸Ü¡Appp ´N·|¦Û°ÊÃö³¬
³s½u¡C¦pªG <bf/NNN/ ³]¦¨ 0¡A¨º»ò±N¤£·|¦]¬°¨S¦³¸ê®Æ¨Ó©¹¦ÓÃö³¬³s½u¡C
§A¥i¥H§â³o¦æ©R¥O©ñ¨ì <tt>ppp.conf</tt> ³oÓÀɮ׸̱¡A©Î¬O¦b
interactive mode ¸Ì±¿é¤J³oÓ«ü¥O¡A¤]¥i¥H¥Î <htmlurl
url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?telnet" name="telnet"> ©Î
<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppctl"
name="pppctl"> ³s¨ì <bf/ppp/s ¦øªA¾¹ªº socket¡A¦b³s½u«áÀH®É½Õ¾ã
timeout ªºÈ¡C°Ñ¦Ò <htmlurl
url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> man page
¥HÀò±o§ó¸ÔºÉªº¸ê®Æ.
<sect2>
<heading>§Úªº³s½u¦]¬°t²ü¤Ó«¦ÓÂ_½u</heading>
<p>¦pªG±z³]©wn¥Î Link Quality Reporting(LQR)¡A±z©M¹ï¤è¥D¾÷¤§¶¡´N
¦³¥i¯à¿ò¥¢¤Ó¦hªº LQR «Ê¥]¡CPpp ·|¦]¦¹§PÂ_¹q¸Ü½u¸ô¦³°ÝÃD¡AµM«á´N·|
¤ÁÂ_³s½u¡C¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ª©¥H«e¡A¤º©w·|¨Ï¥Î LQR¡A²{¦bªº¤º©wȬO
¤£¥Î¡CLQR ¥i¥H¥Î³o¤@¦æ©R¥O¨ú®ø
<verb>
disable lqr
</verb>
<sect2>
<heading>ppp ·|¤£©w®ÉªºÂ_½u</heading>
<p>¦³®ÉÔ¦pªG½u¸ô¤W¦³¤Ó¦hÂø°T¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦pªG±z¨Ï¥Î¤F¹q¸Ü´¡¼·ªA°Èªº¸Ü¡A
±zªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷±N·|±¾Â_¹q¸Ü¡A¦]¬°¥¦»~»{³o¨Ç°T®§¬O lost carrier¡C
<p>¤j³¡¤Àªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷³£¦³®e§Ô¼È®É¥¢¥h carrier ªº³]©w¡C¥H USR Sportster
¬°¨Ò¡A¥¢¥h carrier ©M±¾Â_¹q¸Ü¤§¶¡ªº®É¶¡¡A¬O¥H 1/10 ¬í¬°³æ¦ì¦s¦b
S10 ¼È¦s¾¹¤¤¡C¦pªGnÅý±zªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¯à®e§Ô§óªøªº®É¶¡¡A§A¥i¥H¦b dial
string ¸Ì±¥[¤J¥H¤U "°e¥X©R¥O - µ¥«Ý¦r¦ê" ªº³¡¥÷¡G
<verb>
set dial "...... ATS10=10 OK ......"
</verb>
<p>°Ñ¦Ò¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤ºªþªº»¡©ú®Ñ¥H¨ú±o§ó¸Ô²Óªº¸ê®Æ¡C
<sect2>
<heading>³s½u·|¤£©w®É·í±¼</heading>
<p>³\¦h¤Hªº³s½u·|²@µL¨Ó¥Ñªº¥d¦í¡Aº¥ýn°µªº¬O§ä¥X³s½u¨º¤@¤è·í±¼¡C
<p>¦pªG¥Îªº¬O¥~±µ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A´N¥Î <tt/ping/ ¨Ó¬Ý¦b¶Ç¸ê®Æ®É¡A<tt/TD/ ¿O¸¹
·|¤£·|°{¡C¦pªG·|ªº¸Ü¡]¨Ã¥B <tt/RD/ ¤£·|°{¡^¡A¥Nªí¬O¹ï¤è¥X°ÝÃD¡F¦pªG
¤£·|¡A«h¬O¦Û¤vªº°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG¥Î¤º±µ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A¥ý¦b <tt/ppp.conf/ ¤¤¥[¤J
<tt/set server/ ³o¹D«ü¥O¡A·í³s½u·í±¼®É¡A°õ¦æ pppctl ³s¨ì ppp¡C¦pªGºô
¸ô³s½u¬ðµM¦n¤F¡]¦]¬° ppp ¬Ý¨ì¥Î¨Ó¶EÂ_°ÝÃDªº socket¡^©ÎµLªk³s¤W¡]°²³]
¦b¤@¶}©l¥i¥H°õ¦æ <tt/set socket/ ³o¹D«ü¥O¡^¡Aªí¥Ü¥»¦a¥X°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG³s
±o¤W ppp «o¤´µM¤£¯à¥Î¡A¥Î <tt/set log local async/ ¥´¶}¥»¦aªº«D¦P¨B
°O¿ý¡A±µµÛ¦b¥t¤@Óµøµ¡¡]©Î²×ºÝ¾÷¡^°õ¦æ <tt/ping/ ¦b³s½u¤W¶Ç°e¸ê®Æ¡C
«D¦P¨B°O¿ýªº¥\¯à·|¦P®ÉÅã¥Ü°e¥X©M±µ¦¬ªº¸ê®Æ¡A¦pªG¸ê®Æ¥u¥X¤£¶i¡A´N¬O¹ï
¤è¾÷¾¹¥X°ÝÃD¡C
<p>ª¾¹D¬O¥»¦a©Î¹ï¤è¥X°ÝÃD«á¡A´N¦³¨âºØ¥i¯à¡G
<sect3>
<heading>¹ï¤èªº¾÷¾¹¨S¦³¦^À³</heading>
<p>¦b³o¤è±¯à§@ªº¬Û·í¦³¡A¤j³¡¥÷ªº ISP ·|¦]¬°§A¤£¬O¥Î Microsoft
§@·~¨t²Î¦Ó¤£Ä@À°¦£¡C¥i¥H¦b <tt/ppp.conf/ ¤¤¥[¤J <tt/enable lqr/¡A
¤¹³\ ppp °»´ú¹ï¤èªº¿ù»~¦Ó±¾Â_¡A¦ý³oÓ¹Lµ{¬Û·íºC¡A©Ò¥H¤£¤j¹ê¥Î¡C¤]
³\¤£·Q§i¶D ISP §A¬O¥Î user-ppp ¤W½uªº....
<p>º¥ý¡A¥Î¤U±¨â¹D©R¥OÃö±¼©Ò¦³¥»¦aªºÀ£ÁY¥\¯à¡G
<verb>
disable pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj
deny pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj
</verb>
<p>µM«á«·s³s½u¡A½T©w³o¼Ë¤£·|¦³©Ò¤£¦P¡C¦pªG¤Ï¦Ó¦³¶i¨B©Î¬Æ¦Ü±N°ÝÃD
¸Ñ¨M±¼¡A´N¥Î¸Õ»~ªk¨Ó§ä¥X¬O¨ºÓ³]©w³y¦¨ªº¡C³o¼Ë¦bÁpµ¸ ISP ®É´N¥i¥H
´£¨Ñ¬Û·í¦³¥Îªº¸ê®Æ¡]ÁöµM·|«Ü®e©ö¬Ý¥X§A¤£¬O¥Î Microsoft ªº²£«~¡^¡C
<p>¦bÁpµ¸ ISP ¤§«e¡A¥´¶}¥»¦aªº«D¦P¨B°O¿ý¥\¯à¡A±µµÛ´Nµ¥³s½u¦A«×·í±¼¡A
³o¥i¯à·|¥Î¨ì¬Û·í¤jªºµwºÐªÅ¶¡¡C³Ì«á±q³s±µ°ðŪ¶iªº¸ê®Æ¥i¯à·|¬Û·í¦³¥Î¡A
¥¦³q±`¬O ASCII ¤å¦r¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦³¥i¯à·|»¡©ú°ÝÃD¥X¦b¨º¸Ì(``Memory fault,
core dumped''?)¡C
<p>¦pªG ISP Ä@·N¨ó§Uªº¸Ü¡AÀ³¸Ó·|¦b¥L̨º¤@ºÝ¤]¥´¶}°O¿ý¥\¯à¡A¨º»ò¦b
¤U¦¸³s½u·í±¼®É¡A´N¥i¥H§i¶D§A¬°¦ó·|¥X°ÝÃD¡C«ÜÅwªï±N¸Ô²Ó¤º®e°e¨ì <url
url="mailto:brian@Awfulhak.org" name="brian@Awfulhak.org">¡A¬Æ¦Ün
¨D ISP ª½±µ¦V§Ú³sµ¸¡C
<sect3>
<heading>¦Û¤vªº Ppp ·í±¼¤F</heading>
<p>³o¸Ì¯à°µªº³Ì¦h´N¬O«·s½sĶ ppp¡G¦b Makefile ³Ì«á±¥[¤W
<tt/CFLAGS+=-g/ ©M <tt/STRIP=/¡A±µµÛ°µ
<tt/make clean && make && make install/¡C¦b ppp ·í
±¼®É¡A¥ý¥Î <tt/ps ajxww |fgrep ppp/ §ä¥X ppp ªº process id¡AµM«á°õ
¦æ <tt/gdb ppp PID/¡C¦b gdb ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¤U¡A¥i¥H¥Î <tt/bt/ §ä¥X stack
trace¡C
<p>±Nµ²ªG°e¨ì <url url="mailto:brian@Awfulhak.org"
name="brian@Awfulhak.org">.
<sect2>
<heading>¦b¬Ý¨ì Login OK! ªº°T®§¥H«á´N¨S¦³¤ÏÀ³¤F</heading>
<p>¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ¥H«eªºª©¥»¤W¡A¤@¥¹³s½u«Ø¥ß§¹¦¨¥H«á¡A
<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp">
·|µ¥¹ï¤èªº¾÷¾¹±Ò°Ê Line Control Protocol (LCP)¡C«Ü¦h ISP ¤£·|¦Û°Ê
±Ò°Ê¡A¦Ó¬Oµ¥«Ý¥Ñ client ºÝ¨Ó±Ò°Ê¡Cn±j¢ <bf/ppp/ ¥D°Ê±Ò°Ê LCP¡A½Ð
°õ¦æ³oÓ©R¥O¡G
<verb>
set openmode active
</verb>
<p><bf/Note/: ³q±`¦pªG¨âÃä³£±Ò°Ê°T®§¥æ´«ªº¸Ü¡A³q±`¤£·|³y¦¨¥ô¦ó°Æ§@
¥Î¡A©Ò¥H openmode ¥Ø«e¤º©w¬O¥´¶}ªº¡CµM¦Ó¡A¤U¤@¬q±N¸ÑÄÀ¦b¤°»òª¬ªp¤U
³o¼Ë³]©w <bf/¯uªº/ ·|³y¦¨°Æ§@¥Î¡C
<sect2>
<heading>§Ú¤@ª½¬Ý¨ì magic being the same ªº¿ù»~°T®§</heading>
<p>¦³®É´N¦b³s¤W¤§«á¡A¦b°O¿ýÀÉ·|¬Ý¨ì "magic is the same" ªº°T®§¡C³q
±`³o¨Ç¬OµL®`ªº¡A¦³®ÉÔ¬Y¤@ºÝ«h·|Â_½u¡C¤j¦h¼Æªº ppp ¹ê§@µLªk¸Ñ¨M³oÓ
°ÝÃD¡A´Nºâ¦ü¥G³s¤W¤F¡A¦b°O¿ýÀɤ]¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¤@ª½«½Æªº configure request
©M configure acknowledgement ¤§Ãþªº·¾³q°T®§¡Appp ³Ì«á·|©ñ±ó¦ÓÃö±¼³s
½u¡C
<p>·|µo¥Í³oºØ°ÝÃDªº³q±`±¡ªp¬O¡A¦øªA¾¹¥Î³t«×ºCªºµwºÐ¡B¦b³q°T°ð¤W°õ¦æ
getty¡B¨Ã¥Bµ¥¨ì¨Ï¥ÎªÌµn¤J«á¤~¥Î script ©Îµ{¦¡°õ¦æ ppp¡F¤]¦³Å¥»¡¥Î
slirp ´N¤@©w·|µo¥ÍÃþ¦ü°ÝÃDªº³ø§i¡Cì¦]¬O¦b getty µ²§ô©M ppp ¶}©l°õ¦æ
ªº³o¬q®É¶¡¤º¡Aclient ºÝªº ppp ¶}©l°e¥X Line Control Protocol(LCP) «Ê
¥]¡A¥Ñ©ó¦øªA¾¹³q°T°ðªº ECHO ¤´¦b¥´¶}ª¬ºA¡Aclient ºÝªº ppp ´N·|¬Ý¨ì°e
¥X¥hªº«Ê¥]³Q "¤Ï¼u" ¦^¨Ó¡C
<p>¦b¥Î LCP ·¾³q®É¡A¦³³¡¥÷¬On³s½u¨âÃä¤À§O«Ø¥ß¦Û¤vªº magic number¡A
¨Ó°»´ú¤ÎÁקK«Ê¥]³Q "¤Ï¼u" ¦^¨Óªºª¬ªp¡C¨ó©w¼Ð·Ç¤¤»¡·í¹ï¤è¸Õ¹Ï¥Î©M¦Û¤v
¬Û¦Pªº magic number ·¾³q®É¡An°eµ¹¹ï¤è¤@Ó NAK ªº°T¸¹¡]ªí¥Ü¤£±µ¨ü¡^¡A
±µµÛ¹ï¤è´N·|¿ï¥t¤@ӼƦr¡C¦ý¦b¦øªA¾¹³q°T°ð ECHO ¤´¥´¶}ªº³o¬q´Á¶¡¡A
client ºÝªº ppp °e¥X LCP «Ê¥]¡A¬Ý¨ì¬Û¦Pªº magic number¡A©ó¬O°e¥X
NAK °T¸¹¡C³oÓ NAK ¤]·|³Q "¤Ï¼u" ¦^¨Ó¡A³Q»~»{¥Ñ¹ï¤è°e¥X¡A¦]¦¹ client
ºÝ·|§ïÅܦۤvªº magic number¡C³o¼Ë magic number ªºÅܰʦ¸¼Æ·|«D±`¦a¦h¡A
¨Ã¥B¤]¥þ³£¦s¦b¹ï¤èªº²×ºÝ¾÷½w½Ä°Ï¤¤¡C·í¦øªA¾¹±Ò°Ê ppp ®É¡A¥¦°¨¤W´N
³Q magic number ªº¤j¶q§ó°Ê©Ò²T¨S¡A¨Ã¥B¡]´X¥G¬O¥ß¨è¡^¨M©w¤w¸g¸Õ°÷¤F
LCP ¦Ó©ñ±ó¡F¦b³o´Á¶¡¡Aclient ºÝÁöµM¦A¤]¬Ý¤£¨ì³Q¤Ï¼uªº«Ê¥]¡A¦ý«o¨Ó±o
¤Î¬Ý¨ì¦øªA¾¹§â¹q¸Ü½u±¾±¼¡C
<p>¤¹³\Åý¹ï¤è¨Ó§@ LCP ·¾³q¥i¥HÁקK³oºØ±¡§Î¡A¦b ppp.conf ¤¤¥[¤U±³o
¤@¦æ¡G
<verb>
set openmode passive
</verb>
<p>³o¦æ§i¶D ppp ¥Ñ¹ï¤è¨Ó±Ò°Ê LCP¡A¤£¹L¦³¨Ç¦øªA¾¹¥Ã»·³£¤£·|¥D°Ê·¾³q
¡A¦b³oºØ±¡ªp¤U¡A¥i¥H³o»ò³]©w¡G
<verb>
set openmode active 3
</verb>
<p>³o¬On ppp µ¥Ó¤T¬íÄÁ¡AµM«á¦A¶}©l°e LCP ¬ÛÃön¨D¡C¦pªG¹ï¤è¦b³o
¬q®É¶¡°e¥X LCP «Ê¥]¡Appp ´N¤£·|µ¥¨¬¤T¬í¦Ó¥ß¨è¦^À³¡C
<sect2>
<heading>
LCP ªº·¾³q¤@ª½¨ì³s½uÃö³¬¤~µ²§ô</heading>
<p>¥Ø«e <bf/ppp/ ¦b¹ê§@¤W¦³Ó·|¥X°ÝÃDªº "¥\¯à"¡A¤£·|±N LCP¡BCCP
& IPCP ³o´XºØ«Ê¥]ªº¦^À³©Mì¥ýn¨D§@¹ï·Ó¡Cµ²ªG¬O¦pªG¦³¤@¤èªº
<bf/ppp/ ±Ò°Ê®É¤ñ¹ï¤èºC¤F¤»¬í¥H¤W¡A¹ï¤è·|¦b¨ä¶¡¦h°e¥X¨âÓ LCP ªº³]©w
n¨D¡A«áªG¬Û·íÄY«¡C
<p>°²³]¦³¨âºÝ <bf/A/ ©M <bf/B/ ³£¦b°õ¦æ ppp¡A<bf/A/ ¦b³s½u«á¥ß¨è
°e¥X LCP n¨D¡A<bf/B/ «hªá¤F¤C¬í¤~¶}©l¡A©Ò¥H·í <bf/B/ ±Ò°Ê®É¡A<bf/A/
¦¤w°e¥X¤TÓ LCP REQ(request)¡C§Ṳ́]°²³]³s½u¤w±N ECHO Ãö±¼¡A§_«h´N
·|¬Ý¨ì¤WÓ°ÝÃD´£¨ìªº magic number °ÝÃD¡C<bf/B/ ±Ò°Ê®É¤]·|°e¥X REQ¡A
¦P®É¹ï <bf/A/ °e¥Xªº²Ä¤@Ó REQ ¦^À³¡A°e¥X ACK(acknowledge)¡CA ¦¬¨ì³o
Ó ACK «á·|¶i¤J <bf/OPENED/ ª¬ºA¡A¦P®É¤]¹ï <bf/B/ ªº²Ä¤@Ó REQ °e¥X
ACK¡C¦ý¦b³o¬q´Á¶¡¡A<bf/B/ ·|¬Ý¨ì <bf/A/ ¤§«e¦h°e¥Xªº¨âÓ REQ¡A¦]¦Ó¤]
¥H¨âÓ ACK ¦^À³¡C<bf/B/ ±µµÛ¬Ý¨ì <bf/A/ ¶Ç¨Óªº²Ä¤@Ó ACK¡A¦]¦¹¤]¶i¤J
<bf/OPENED/ ª¬ºA¡C¦ý³o®É <bf/A/ ¦¬¨ì <bf/B/ ¦h°eªº¨âÓ ACK¡C®Ú¾Ú
RFC ªº³W©w¡A·|¹ï²Ä¤GÓ ACK °e¥X²Ä¥|Ó REQ ¦Ó¦^¨ì <bf/REQ-SENT/ ª¬ºA
¡]¦A«½Æ¤@¦¸ REQ-ACK ªº¹Lµ{¡^¡A¦ý¤@¬Ý¨ì²Ä¤TÓ ACK¡A<bf/A/ ¥H¬°¬O
<bf/B/ ¦^À³èè°e¥Xªº REQ¡A¤S¶i¤J <bf/OPENED/ ª¬ºA¡C¦¹®É <bf/B/ ¦¬¨ì
<bf/A/ µo¥Xªº²Ä¥|Ó REQ¡A®Ú¾Ú RFC¡A·|¹ï³oÓ REQ °e¥X ACK¡AµM«á¦A°e¥X
²Ä¤GÓ REQ¡]¤]¬O¦A«½Æ¤@¦¸ REQ-ACK ªº¹Lµ{¡^¡C<bf/A/ ¦¬¨ì³oÓ REQ «á
·|¦A«·s°e REQ ¦Ó¦^¨ì <bf/REQ-SENT/ ª¬ºA¡A±µµÛ¤S¦¬¨ì ACK ¦Ó¶i¤J
<bf/OPENED/ ª¬ºA¡C¦]¦¹Âù¤è³£·|¥H¬°¦¬¨ìªº ACK ¬O¹ï¤è¦^À³èè°e¥X¥hªº
REQ¡A³Ì«á <bf/A/ ·|¤@ª½¦b <bf/OPENED/ ©M <bf/REQ-SENT/ ¨âºØª¬ºA¶¡¤Á
´«¡A¹ï <bf/B/ «h¬O <bf/OPENED/ ©M <bf/ACK-SENT/¡C
<p>³oºØ´c©Ê´`Àô·|¤@ª½«ùÄòµÛ¡Aª½¨ì¦³¤@¤èµo²{¦Û¤v¦bì¦a¥´Âà¦Ó©ñ±óÄ~Äò
¤U¥h¡C
<p>ÁקK³oºØ±¡ªpªº³Ì¦n¤è¦¡¡A¬O±N¬Y¤@ºÝ³]¦¨<bf/³Q°Ê¼Ò¦¡/¡Ð¤]´N¬Oµ¥¥t¤@
¤è¥ý¶}©l·¾³q¡A¥Î³o¹D©R¥O¡G
<verb>
set openmode passive
</verb>
¥Î³oӿﶵ®Én¤p¤ß¡AÀ³¸Ó©M³oÓ©R¥O¤@°_¥Î¡G
<verb>
set stopped N
</verb>
³o·|³]©w <bf/ppp/ µ¥«Ý¹ï¤è¶}©l·¾³qªº®É¶¡¤W¡A¥t¤@Ó¤èªk¬O¥Î¡G
<verb>
set openmode active N
</verb>
¨ä¤¤ <bf/N/ ¬O¦b¥D°Ê·¾³q¤§«e¥ýµ¥«Ýªº¬í¼Æ¡Aman page ¦³§ó¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú¡C
<sect2>
<heading>Ppp ¦b³s½u«á´N¥d¦í¤F</heading>
<p>¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ¤§«eªºª©¥»¡A¦³¥i¯à¦]¬° <bf/ppp/ ¦b³B²z Predictor1
À£ÁY®Éµo¥Í¿ù»~¡A¨Ï±o¦b³s½u«á°¨¤W´N¥d¦í¡C¥u¦³·í³s½uÂù¤è³£¸Õ¹Ï¥Î¤£¦P
ºØ Compression Control Protocol(CCP) ·¾³q®É¡A¤~·|µo¥Í³oºØ±¡§Î¡C³oÓ
°ÝÃD¤w¸g¸Ñ¨M¤F¡A¦ý¦pªG¤´¦b¥Îª©ªº <bf/ppp/¡A¥i¥H¥Î³oºØ¤èªkÁקK¡G
<verb>
disable pred1
</verb>
<sect2>
<heading>¥Î shell ¸õ¥X Ppp °µ´ú¸Õ®É¡A³s½u¦ü¥G¥d¦í¤F</heading>
<p>¦b¥Î <tt/shell/ ©Î <tt/!/ ©R¥O®É¡A<bf/ppp/ ·|°õ¦æ shell(<bf/ppp/
¤]·|§â§A«ü©wªº°Ñ¼Æ¶Çµ¹ shell)¡APpp ·|µ¥¨ì³o¨Ç©R¥Oµ²§ô«á¤~Ä~Äò¡C¦pªG
¦³¨Ï¥Î¨ì ppp ³s½uªº©R¥O¡A³s½u·|¹³¬O³Qá¦í¤F¡A³o¬O¦]¬° <bf/ppp/ ¥¿¦b
µ¥³o¨Ç«ü¥Oµ²§ô¡C
<p>¦pªG·Q°õ¦æµ{¦¡¡A¥Î <tt/!bg/ ³oÓ©R¥O¡A¥¦·|§âµ{¦¡¥á¨ìI´º°õ¦æ¡Appp
±µµÛ´N¯àÄ~Äò«O«ù³s½u¡C
<sect2>
<heading>¦b null-modem ½u¤W«Ø¥ßªº Ppp ¦n¹³¤£·|¦Û°ÊÂ_½u</heading>
<p>¥Ñ©ó null-modem ¥»¨¥Îªº½u§÷¡A<bf/ppp/ ¨S¦³¿ìªk¦Û°Ê¨M©w¬O§_
¬YÓª½±µ³s½u¤w¸gÂ_±¼¡C·í¨Ï¥Î³oÃþ¤è¦¡ªº³s½u®É¡A¤@©wn¥´¶} LQR¡G
<verb>
enable lqr
</verb>
<p>¤º©w¬O·|±µ¨ü LQR¡A¦pªG¹ï¤è¥Î¥¦¨Ó·¾³qªº¸Ü¡C
<sect2>
<heading>¬°¤°»ò ppp ¦b -auto ¼Ò¦¡¤U·|µL½tµL¬G¼½¸¹¡H</heading>
<p>¦pªG <bf/ppp/ «D¹w´Á¦a¼½¸¹¡A´N¥²¶·n§ä¥Xì¦]¡AµM«á³]©w¼½¸¹¹LÂo
¾¹¡]dfilter, Dial filter¡^¨ÓÁקK³oºØ±¡§Î¡C
<p>n§ä¥Xì¦]¡A¥ý¥Î³oÓ©R¥O¡G
<verb>
set log +tcp/ip
</verb>
<p>³o¼Ë·|°O¿ý¸g¥Ñ³s½uªº©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ¡C¤U¦¸¦pªG¤SµL¬G¼½¸¹¡A´N¥i¥H±q°O¿ý
®ÇÃ䪺®É¶¡«Ü§Ö§ä¨ìì¦]¡C
<p>²{¦b¥i¥HÁקK¦]¬°³o¨Çì¦]¼½¸¹¡C³q±`¬O¦b§@ DNS ¬d¸ß®É¤~·|µo¥Í³oºØ
°ÝÃD¡AnÁקK¦] DNS ¬d¸ß¦Ó³s½u¡]³o¼Ë<bf/¤£·|/¨Ï <bf/ppp/ ¦b³s½uª¬ºA
¤U¾×±¼³o¨Ç«Ê¥]¡^¡A¥Î¤U±³o´X¦æ¡G
<verb>
set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53
set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53
set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0
</verb>
<p>³oºØ°µªk¨Ã¤£¥Ã»·¾A¥Î¡A¦]¬°¥¦¨Æ¹ê¤W¨Ï±o§AµLªk¥Î demand-dial ¥\¯à
¡Ð ¤j³¡¥÷µ{¦¡¦b°µºô¸ô¬ÛÃö°Ê§@«e³£·|¥Î¨ì DNS ¬d¸ß¡C
<p>¦b DNS ³oÓ±¡ªp¤U¡AÀ³¸Ó¸ÕµÛ§ä¥X¨ì©³¬O½Ö·Qn¸Ñ¥X¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡A³q±`´X
¥G³£¬O¥Ñ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sendmail"
name="sendmail"> ©Ò³y¦¨¡A©Ò¥Hn¦b sendmail ³]©wÀɤ¤«ü¥Ü¥¦¤£n°µ¥ô¦ó
DNS ¬d¸ß¡C¦b <ref id="ispmail" name="Mail ³]©w">¤¤¦³¸Ô²Ó»¡©ú¦p¦ó§@¥X
¦Û¤vªº³]©wÀÉ¡B¤Î¸Ì±À³¸Ó©ñ¨º¨Ç³]©w¡A§A¤]³\·Qn±N¤U¤@¦æ¥[¤J <bf/.mc/
Àɤ¤¡G
<verb>
define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl
</verb>
<p>³o·|¨Ï sendmail ¥ý¾×µÛ©Ò¦³«H¥ó¡Aª½¨ì°e«H®É¦A¤@»ô°e¥X¥h¡]³q±`
sendmail °õ¦æ®É¬O¥Î ``-bd -q30m'' ³oӰѼơA§i¶D¥¦¨C¤T¤Q¤ÀÄÁ¤~°e«H¡^
©Î¬O¦³¤H°õ¦æ ``sendmail -q''¡]¤]³\¥i¥H©ñ¦b ppp.linkup ¸Ì¡^¡C
<sect2>
<heading>³o¨Ç CCP ¿ù»~°T®§¬O«ü¡H</heading>
<p>§Ú¦b log Àɤ@ª½¬Ý¨ì³o¨Ç¿ù»~°T®§¡G
<verb>
CCP: CcpSendConfigReq
CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6)
</verb>
<p>³o¬O¦]¬° ppp ¸Õ¹Ï§@ Predictor1 À£ÁY¤è±ªº·¾³q¡A¦ý¹ï¤èªº¾÷¾¹«o§¹
¥þ¤£¥ÎÀ£ÁY¥\¯à¡C³o¨Ç°T®§¬OµL®`ªº¡A¦ý¦pªG¤£·Q¬Ý¨ì¥¦ªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H§â¥»¦a
ppp ªº Predictor1 À£ÁY¤]¤@°_Ãö±¼¡G
<verb>
disable pred1
</verb>
<sect2>
<heading>¶ÇÀɮ׮ɵo¥Í IO ¿ù»~¡AµM«á Ppp ´N±¾±¼¤F</heading>
<p>¦b FreeBSD 2.2.2 ¤Î¥ý«eªºª©¥»¤¤¡Atun ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦³Ó°ÝÃD¡A¥¦¤£·|
±µ¦¬¨º¨Ç¤j¹L tun ¤¶± MTU ªº«Ê¥]¡C¦pªG¦¬¨ì¤ñ MTU ¤jªº«Ê¥]¡A¥¦·|¥Î
syslogd °O¿ý¬° IO ¿ù»~¡C
<p>¦ý ppp ³W®æ¤¤¦³´£¨ì¡A¤£ºÞ LCP ·¾³qªºµ²ªG¦p¦ó¡AMRU ³Ì¤pªº¥i±µ¨ü
È<bf>¥Ã»·</bf>¬O 1500¡C©Ò¥H¦³¥i¯à§A¤£¤p¤ß±N MTU ½Õ§C©ó 1500¡AISP
·|¤£²z¥¦¦Ó°e¥X 1500 ¤j¤pªº«Ê¥]¡AµM«á´N·|IJµo¤Wzªº "¥\¯à"¡C
<p>¦b FreeBSD 2.2.2 ¤Î¤§«eªºª©¥»¤¤¡A¥Ã»·¤£n±N MTU ½Õ§C©ó 1500¡A´N
¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD¡C
<sect2>
<heading>¬°¤°»ò ppp ¤£·|°O¿ý§Úªº³s½u³t«×¡H</heading>
<p>¦pªGn°O¿ý¹q¸£©M¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¶¡ªº¨C¤@¦æ ``¹ï¸Ü''¡A¥Î¤U¤@¦æ¥´¶}¡G
<verb>
set log +connect
</verb>
<p>³o·|¨Ï <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp"
name="ppp"> °O¿ý©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ¡Aª½¨ì¼½¸¹¦r¦ê³Ì«á¤@Óµ¥«Ýªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¶Ç¦^È
¬°¤î¡C
<p>¦pªG¨Ï¥Î PAP ©Î CHAP (¦]¬°¨S¦³ "set login" ©R¥O¡A©Ò¥H³]©wÀɤ¤
CONNECT ¤§«á´N¤£·|¬Ý¨ì¥ô¦ó¹ï¸Ü)¡A·Qn¬Ý¨ì³s½u³t«×ªº¸Ü¡A½T©w ppp
µ¥«Ýªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¶Ç¦^ȬO CONNECT ³o¤@¾ã¦æ¡A¹³³o¼Ë¡G
<verb>
set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n"
</verb>
<p>³o¼Ë¦b¬Ý¨ì CONNECT «á¤£·|°e¥X¥ô¦óªF¦è¡A±µµÛ¦Aµ¥Ó´«¦æ¦r¤¸¡A±j
¢ <bf/ppp/ Ū¨ú¦^À³ªº CONNECT ¤@¾ã¦æ¡C
<sect2>
<heading>Ppp ¤£²z·| chat script ¤¤ªº `\' ¦r¤¸</heading>
<p>Ppp ·|¥h¤ÀªR³]©wÀɤ¤ªº¨C¤@¦æ¡A³o¼Ë¥¦¤~·|¥¿½T¸ÑŪ¹³¬O
<tt/set phone "123 456 789"/ ªº¦r¦ê¡]§AÀ³¸Óª¾¹D³oӼƦr¥u¬O
<bf/¤@Ó/°Ñ¼Æ¡A¦pªGn«ü©w ``"'' ³oÓ¦r¤¸¡A¥²¶·¦b¥¦«e±¥Î¤Ï±×½u
(``\'')±N¥¦¸õ¶}¡^¡C
<p>·í¸ÑĶµ{¦¡¤ÀªR¨CӰѼƮɡA¬°¤F§ä¥X¦r¦ê¤¤©Ò¦³¹³¬O ``\P'' ``\T''
ªº¸õ²æ¦r¤¸¡]¨£ man page¡^¡A¥²¶·«·s¸ÑĶ¸Ó°Ñ¼Æ¡C¦b³oºØÂù«¤ÀªR¤§¤U¡A
§A¥²¶·°O±o¥Î¥¿½Tªº¸õ²æ¼Æ¥Ø¡C
<p>°²³]n¹ï¼Æ¾Ú¾÷°e¥X ``\'' ³oÓ¦r¤¸¡AÀ³¸Ó¹³¬O¡G
<verb>
set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK"
</verb>
<p>³o¼Ë«h·|±o¨ì¤U±³o¦ê¡G
<verb>
ATZ
OK
AT\X
OK
</verb>
<p>¦pªG¬O
<verb>
set phone 1234567
set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T"
</verb>
<p>«h·|±o¨ì¤U±µ²ªG¡G
<verb>
ATZ
OK
ATDT1234567
</verb>
<sect2>
<heading>Ppp ¸I¨ì¤F seg-fault¡A¦ý§ä¤£¨ì <tt/ppp.core/ ³oÓÀÉ¡H
</heading>
<p>Ppp (©Î¥ô¦óÃþ¦üªºµ{¦¡) À³¸Ó¤£¥i¯à¦³ core dump¡C¥Ñ©ó ppp °õ¦æ®É
ªº effective user id ¬O 0 (§Y¥H root ¨¥÷°õ¦æ)¡A§@·~¨t²Î¦b²×¤î ppp
«e¤£·|¹ïºÏºÐ¼g¥¦ªº core ¬M¹³ÀÉ¡C¦pªG ppp <bf/¯uªº/¦]¬° segmentation
violation ©Î¨ä¥L¤@¯ë·| core dump ªº signal ¦Ó²×¤î¡B<bf/¨Ã¥B/½T©w¥Î
ªº¬O³Ì·sª©¥»(¨£¥»¸`¶}ÀY)¡A¨º»ò§A¥i¥H³o»ò°µ¡G
<verb>
$ tar xfz ppp-*.src.tar.gz
$ cd ppp*/ppp
$ echo STRIP= >>Makefile
$ echo CFLAGS+=-g >>Makefile
$ make clean all
$ su
# make install
# chmod 555 /usr/sbin/ppp
</verb>
<p>§A²{¦b¤w¸g¸Ë¤W¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó°£¿ùªº ppp ª©¥»¡A¥Ñ©óÅv¤W¨S¦³§@¯S§O³]©w¡A
©Ò¥H¥²¶·¥H root ¨Ó°õ¦æ ppp¡A¶¶«K¤]nª`·N¬O¦b¨ºÓ¥Ø¿ý°õ¦æªº¡C
<p>²{¦b¦pªG ppp ¸I¨ì¤F segmentation violation¡A´N·|±N coredump ¦s¦b
ppp.core Àɤ¤¡A±µ¤U¨Ó´N¬O¡G
<verb>
$ su
# gdb /usr/sbin/ppp ppp.core
(gdb) bt
.....
(gdb) f 0
.....
(gdb) i args
.....
(gdb) l
.....
</verb>
<p>®Ú¾Ú§Aªº°ÝÃD¨Ó¨ú±o¬ÛÃö¸ê®Æ¡A´N¥i¥H¶EÂ_°ÝÃD¥X¦b¨º¸Ì¡C
<p>¦pªG¼ô±x gdb¡A¤]³\·|·Q§ä¥X¨ä¥Lªº¸Ô²Ó¸ê®Æ¡A¹³¬O¨ºÓ°Ê§@³y¦¨
dump¡B¤Î¬ÛÃöÅܼƪº¦ì§}¤Î¼Æȵ¥¡C
<sect2>
<heading>
¦b -auto ¼Ò¦¡¤U¡A¨Ï ppp ¼½¸¹ªºµ{¦¡¦b³s½u«á«o³s¤£¨ì¥Øªº¦a
</heading>
<p>³o¬O³]©w <bf/ppp/ ¦b -auto ¼Ò¦¡¦V¹ï¤è¨ú±o°ÊºA IP ®Éªº¤wª¾°ÝÃD¡A
¦b³Ì·sª©ªº ppp ¤w¸g¸Ñ¨M¤F ¡Ð ¦b man page ¤¤¥Î <bf/iface/ ÃöÁä¦r§ä§ä
¬Ý¡C
<p>·í¥Î¨ìºô¸ôªºµ{¦¡©I¥s <htmlurl
url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?connect" name="connect(2)">
®É¡Asocket endpoint ·|³]¦¨ tun ³oӬɱªº IP¡Akernel ±µµÛ²£¥Ín°e¥X
¥hªº²Ä¤@Ó«Ê¥]¡A§â¥¦¶Çµ¹ tun¡A<bf/Ppp/ Ū¨ì³oÓ«Ê¥]«á´N·|¶}©l«Ø¥ß³s
½u¡C¦pªG <bf/ppp/ ¥Îªº¬O°ÊºA¤À°t IP¡A¨º»ò´N·|§ïÅÜ tun ¬É±ªº¦ì§}¡A
ì¥ýªº socket endpoint ´N¦¨¬°¤£¥¿½TªºÈ¡C±µµÛ°e¨ì¹ï¤èªº«Ê¥]³q±`³£·|
³Q¥á±¼¡A´Nºâ¯à¶¶§Q¹F¨ì¹ï¤è¾÷¾¹¡A¥Ñ©ó¸Ó¨Ó·½ IP ¤wµ¹¨ä¥L¤H¨Ï¥Î¡A¥ô¦ó¦^
À³¤]¤£·|³Q¶Ç¦^¥»¦aªº¾÷¾¹¤W¡C
<p>²z½×¤W¡A¦³¦n´XºØ¤èªk¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG ISP Ä@·N¨C¦¸³£´£¨Ñ¬Û¦P
IP ·íµM¬O³Ì¦n <tt/:-)/¡A¥Ø«eª©¥»ªº <bf/ppp/ ·|°µ¨ì³o¤@ÂI¡A¦ý¤j¦h¼Æªº
ppp ¹ê§@¤£·|³o»ò°µ¡C
<p>±q client ºÝ³Ì®e©öªº¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¬O¡A¥Ã»·³£¤£n§ïÅÜ tun ¬É±ªº IP È¡A
¦ý¬O±N©Ò¦³¥X¥hªº«Ê¥]¨Ó·½ IP ±qì¥ýªº tun ¬É± IP §ï¬°³s½u®É¨ú±oªº
IP¡A°ò¥»¤W³o´N¬O³Ì·sª© <bf/ppp/ ¸Ì <tt/iface-alias/ ¿ï¶µªº°µªk¡]¨Ï¥Î
¤F <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias"
name="libalias(3)"> ©M°õ¦æ ppp ®Éªº <bf/-alias/ °Ñ¼Æ¡^¡Ð°O¦í¤§«e©Ò¦³
¥Î¹Lªº tun ¬É± IP¡A¦A§â¥þ³¡´«¦¨³Ìªñ¤@¦¸®³¨ìªº¦ì§}¡C
<p>¥t¤@ºØ¤èªk¡]¥i¯à¬O³Ì¥i¾a¡^¬O¼gÓ¥i¥Hקï©Ò¦³ socket endpoint Ȫº
system call¡C·í®³¨ì·sªº IP ®É¡A<bf/Ppp/ ´N¥i¥H¥Î¥¦¨Óקï©Ò¦³°õ¦æµ{¦¡
©Ò«Ø¥ßªº socket¡C·í DHCP client µ{¦¡¹ï socket «·s¨Ï¥Î bind() ®É¡A¤]
¥i¥H¥Î¦P¼Ëªº©I¥s¡C
<p>ÁÙ¦³¤@Ó¥i¯à«h¬O¤¹³\¤£¥Î IP¡A´N¥i¥H±Ò¥Î¬YÓºô¸ô¬É±¡C°e¥X¥hªº«Ê¥]
¨Ó·½ IP ·|³]¦¨ 255.255.255.255¡Aª½¨ì SIOCAIFADDR ³oÓ ioctl ²Ä¤@¦¸°õ
¦æ§¹¦¨¬°¤î¡C³o¼Ë·|§¹¥þ³sµ² socket ªº¨âºÝ¡A¦Ó¥Ñ <bf/ppp/ ¨Óקï¨Ó·½ªº
IP È¡A¦ý¥u¦³·íì¨Ó IP ȬO 255.255.255.255 ®É¡B©ÎªÌ IP È©M IP °»¿ù
½X»Ýnקï®É¤~·|¥h§ó°Ê¡C³oºØ¤è¦¡¦³ÂIºâ¬O hack¡A§Y kernel ¥i¥H¹ï¨S³]
©w¦nªº¬É±°e¥XÃa±¼ªº«Ê¥]¡A¦]¬°°²³]·|¦³¨ä¥L¾÷¨î¥i¥H×¥¿³oºØ¿ù»~¡C
<sect2>
<heading>¬°¦óª±¤j¦h¼Æ¹CÀ¸®É¡A³£¤£¯à¨Ï¥Î -alias ³oӰѼơH</heading>
<p>¹CÀ¸©ÎÃþ¦üµ{¦¡¤£¯à©M libalias ·f°t¨Ï¥Îªºì¦]¬O¡A¥~±ªº¾÷¾¹¸ÕµÛ¹ï
µÛ¤º³¡ªº¾÷¾¹¶}±Ò³s½u¡B©Î¡]¤£½Ð¦Û¨Ó¦a¡^°e¥X UDP «Ê¥]¡A¦Ó alias «Ê¥]ªº
³nÅ餣ª¾¹D¥¦À³¸Ó§â³o¨Ç«Ê¥]°e¨ì¸Ì±ªº¾÷¾¹¥h¡C
<p>¸Ñ¨Mªº¤è¦¡¬O¡A¥ý½T©w²{¦b¥u¦³°õ¦æ¨ºÓ·|¥X°ÝÃDªºµ{¦¡¡AµM«á¦b
gateway ¾÷¾¹¤W¹ï tun ¬É±°õ¦æ tcpdump¡B©Î¦b¤W±¥´¶}°O¿ý tcp/ip ªº¥\
¯à¡]``set log +tcp/ip''¡^¡C
<p>¦b±Ò°Ê¥X°ÝÃDªºµ{¦¡®É¡AÀ³¸Ó·|¦b gateway ¾÷¾¹¤W¬Ý¨ì¦³«Ê¥]³q¹L¡A·í¥~
¬É¦³¶Ç¦^«Ê¥]®É«h·|³Q¥á±¼¡]³o´N¬O°ÝÃD©Ò¦b¡^¡C°O¤U³o¨Ç«Ê¥]n°e¨ì¥Øªº¦a
ªº¨ºÓ°ð¡AµM«áÃö±¼µ{¦¡¡C«½Æ´X¦¸¡A¬Ý¬Ý¬O§_³£n°e¨ì¦P¼Ë©T©wªº°ð¡A¦pªG
¬Oªº¸Ü¡A¦b /etc/ppp/ppp.conf ¬ÛÃö¦ì¸m¥[¤W³o¤@¦æ¡A´N¥i¨Ïµ{¦¡¥¿½T¹B§@¡G
<verb>
alias port proto internalmachine:port port
</verb>
<p>¨ä¤¤ ``proto'' ¬O ``tcp'' ©Î ``udp''¡A``internalmachine'' ¬On±µ
¦¬³o¨Ç«Ê¥]ªº¾÷¾¹¡A``port'' «h¬O³o¨Ç«Ê¥]n°e¨ì¨ºÓ°ð¡C
<p>¦pªGn¦b¨ä¥L¾÷¾¹¤W°õ¦æ¦P¼Ëµ{¦¡¡A¥²¶·«½Æ¦P¼Ë¹Lµ{קï¤W¤@¦æ³]©w¡A
§_«h´N¤£¯à¥¿±`¨Ï¥Î¡F¤]¤£¥i¯à¦b¨â¥x¤º³¡¾÷¾¹¤W¦P®É¨Ï¥Î¡Ð²¦³º¥~¬É¥u¬O§â
³oÓ¤º³¡ºô¸ô¬Ý¦¨¤@¥x¾÷¾¹¦Ó¤w¡C
<p>¦pªG«Ê¥]¤£¤@©w°e¨ì¦P¼Ëªº°ð¡A§A¦³¤TºØ¿ï¾Ü¡G
<p><bf>1)</bf> ¦b libalias ¥[¤J¹ï¥¦ªº¤ä´©¡A
/usr/src/lib/libalias/alias_*.c ¦³¤@¨Ç ``¯S¨Ò'' ªº¥Ü½d¡]alias_ftp.c
¬OÓ¤£¿ùªºì«¬ÀÉ¡^¡C³q±`¬OŪ¨ú¬Y¨Ç¥i¥H»{±o¥Xªº¥~°e«Ê¥]¡A§ä¥Xn¥~±³s
¨ì¤º³¡¾÷¾¹¬YӰ𪺫ü¥O¡AµM«á¦b alias ªí¤¤³]©w ``route''¡A¥H«á¦A¦¬¨ì
³oºØ«Ê¥]´Nª¾¹Dn©¹¨º¸Ì°e¡C
<p>³o¬O³Ì§xÃøªº¸Ñªk¡A¦ý¤]¬O³Ì¦nªº¡A¨Ã¥BÁÙ¥i¥H¦b¦h¥x¾÷¾¹¤W¥Î¦P¼Ëµ{¦¡¡C
<p><bf>2)</bf> ¨Ï¥Î proxy¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¸ÓÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¤]³\¤ä´© socks5¡A©Î¬O
¦³Ó ``passive'' ªº¿ï¶µ¡]¹³¬O ``cvsup''¡^¥i¥HÁקK¹ï¤è¦V¤º³¡¾÷¾¹´£¥X
³s½uªºn¨D¡C
<p><bf>3)</bf> ¥Î ``alias addr'' §â©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ³£Â൹¤º³¡¾÷¾¹¡A³o¬O³Ì«á
¤~¥Îªº¼É¤Oªk¡C
<sect3>
<heading>¨º¸Ì¥i¥H§ä¨ì±`¥Î°ðªº¦Cªí¡H</heading>
<p>²{¦bÁÙ¨S¦³¡A¦ý¥i¥H±N³o¨Ç§Ë¦¨¤@Ó¦W³æ¡]¦pªG¦³¤H·P¿³½ìªº¸Ü¡^¡G
<itemize>
<item><bf>Quake</bf>
<p>Quake ¬O»¡¥Î UDP 6112 ³oÓ°ð¡A©Ò¥H¦pªG Quake ¦øªA¾¹ªº IP ¬O
<tt>hostmachine</tt>¡A¨º»ò
<tt>alias port udp hostmachine:6112 6112</tt> ³o¤@¦æÀ³¸Ó´N¥i¥H¥¿
±`¹B§@¡C¦pªG·Q¥Î¨ä¥L¤è¦¡¡A<htmlurl
url="http://www.battle.net/support/proxy/" name="www.battle.net">
¦³ Quake ¹ï proxy ¤ä´©ªº»¡©ú¡C
</itemize>
<sect2>
<heading>¤°»ò¬O FCS ¿ù»~¡H</heading>
<p>FCS ¬O <bf/F/rame <bf/C/heck <bf/S/equence ªºÁY¼g¡C¨C¤@Ó ppp
«Ê¥]³£ªþ¦³°»¿ù½X¨Ó½T©w¦¬¨ìªº¸ê®Æªº½T¬O°e¥Xªº¸ê®Æ¡C¦pªG¶i¨Óªº¬YÓ
«Ê¥] FCS ¤£¥¿½T¡A´N¥á±¼³oÓ«Ê¥]¡B¦A§â HDLC ¸Ìªº FCS p¼Æ¾¹¥[ 1¡C
¥Î <tt>show hdlc</tt> «K¥i¬Ý¨ì HDLC ¸Ìªº¦UºØ¿ù»~p¼ÆÈ¡C
<p>¤£¨}½u¸ô(©Î«Ê¥]³Q¦ê¦C°ðªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥á±¼)¦³®ÉÔ´N·|µo¥Í FCS ¿ù»~¡A
ÁöµM¥¦ªº½T·|¤j¤j©ìºCÀ£ÁY¨ó©w¡A¤£¹L³q±`³o¨S¤°»ò¤j¤£¤F¡C¦pªG§A¥Îªº
¬O¥~±µ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A½T©w¦³«OÅ@½u¸ô¤£¨ü¥~¬É¤zÂZ ¡Ð ³o¼Ë»¡¤£©w´N¸Ñ¨M¤F¡C
<p>¦pªG¦b³s¤W®É°¨¤W´Ná¦í¡B¨Ã¥BÁ٬ݨì¤@¤j°ï FCS ¿ù»~ªº¸Ü¡A¦³¥i¯à
¬O¦]¬°§Aªº³s½u¨Ã«D¬O 8 bit clean¡C½T©w¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤£¬O¥Î³nÅé¬yµ{±±¨î
(XON/XOFF)¡A¦pªG§Aªº³s½u<bf>¤@©w</bf>n¥Î³nÅé¬yµ{±±¨îªº¸Ü¡A¥Î
<tt>set accmap 0x000a0000</tt> ³o¹D©R¥O§i¶D <bf>ppp</bf> ¸õ¹L ^Q
©M ^S ³o¨âÓ¦r¤¸¡C
<p>¬Ý¨ì¤@¤j°ï FCS ¿ù»~ªº¥t¤@Óì¦]¡A¬O³s½u¥t¤@ºÝ¤£¦A¨Ï¥Î <bf/PPP/
·¾³q¡C³o®ÉÔ¤]³\À³¸Ó¥´¶} <tt/async/ ªº°O¿ý¥\¯à¡A¨Ó¨M©w¬O§_¶i¨Óªº
¸ê®Æ¨ä¹ê¬O login ©Î shell ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡C¦pªG¥t¤@ºÝ¬O shell ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡A
¥ý°õ¦æ <tt>close lcp</tt>¡B±µµÛ <tt>term</tt> ´N¥i¥H«·s³s±µ¨ì¹ï
¤è¾÷¾¹ªº shell ¤U¡A¦Ó¤£¥Î±¾±¼¹q¸Ü½u¡C
<p>¦pªG°O¿ýÀɸ̨S¦³¥ô¦ó¸ê°T¥i¥H«ü¥Ü³s½u¬°¦óÂ_±¼¡A¨º»ò´N¸Ó°Ý°Ý¥t¤@
ºÝªººÞ²zû(§Aªº ISP¡H) «ç»ò·|³o¼Ëµ²§ô¡C
<sect2>
<heading>¨S¦³¤@Ó¤èªk¥i¥H¥Î¡A§Ú§¹³J¤F°Õ¡I</heading>
<p>¦pªG¤W±»¡ªº³£¨S¥Î¡A´NºÉ¥i¯à§ä¥X©Ò¦³¸ê°T¡A³o¥]¬A¤F³]©wÀÉ¡B¦p¦ó
±Ò°Ê <bf/ppp/¡Blog Àɪº¬ÛÃö³¡¥÷¡B³s½u«e«áªº <htmlurl
url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat" name="netstat -rn">
¿é¥Xµ²ªG¡A§â³o¨Ç°e¨ì <url url="mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org"
name="freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org"> mailing list ©Î
<url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc"
name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc"> newsgroup¡A³o¼ËÀ³¸Ó´N·|¦³¤H«üÂI
¥¿½Tªº¤è¦V¡C
<sect1>
<heading>§Ú¨S¦³¿ìªk«Ø¥ß <tt>/dev/ed0</tt> ³oÓ device!</heading>
<p>¦b Berkeley ºô¸ô¬[ºc¤¤, ¥u¦³ kernel µ{¦¡½X¥i¥Hª½±µ¦s¨úºô¸ô¬É±¥d.
½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <tt>/etc/rc.network</tt> ³oÓÀɮשM manual pages ¨ú±o»P¨ä¥L¤£¦Pºô¸ôµ{¦¡
§ó¶i¤@¨Bªº¸ê°T. ¦pªG§Aı±o§A§¹¥þ·d²V¤Fªº¸Ü, ±zÀ³¸Ó§ä¤@¥»»P¨ä¥L BSD ¬ÛÃö
§@·~¨t²Îºô¸ôºÞ²z¦³Ãö®Ñ¨Ó°Ñ¦Ò; °£¤F¤Ö¼ÆÅãµÛªº¤£¦P¥~, FreeBSD ªººô¸ôºÞ²z
°ò¥»¤W©M SunOS 4.0 ©M Ultrix ¬O¤@¼Ëªº.
<sect1>
<heading>§Ú¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß Ethernet aliases?</heading>
<p>§â ``<tt/netmask 0xffffffff/'' ¥[¨ì§Aªº <htmlurl
url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig" name="ifconfig">
©R¥O¦C¤¤,¨Ò¦p:
<verb>
ifconfig ed0 alias 204.141.95.2 netmask 0xffffffff
</verb>
<sect1>
<heading>§Ú¦p¦ó«ü©w§Úªº 3C503 ¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥L¤£¦Pªºªº network port?</heading>
<p>¦pªG±z·Q¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥Lªº port, §A¥²¶·¦b
<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig"
name="ifconfig"> ªº©R¥O¤¤«ü©wÃB¥~ªº°Ñ¼Æ. ¤º©wªº
port ¬O ``<tt/link0/''. n¨Ï¥Î AUI port ¥N´À
BNC port ªº¸Ü, §ï¥Î ``<tt/link2/''. ³o¨Ç flags À³¸Ó§ïÅÜ
ifconfig_* ªºÅܼƨӫü©w,§A¥i¥H¦b³oÓÀɮ׸̱§ä¨ì <htmlurl
url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf">.
<sect1>
<heading>§Ú¦b³s¤W/¿é¥X FreeBSD ªº NFS ®É¥X²{°ÝÃD.</heading>
<p>¬Y¨Ç PC ªººô¸ô¥d¤ñ¨ä¥Lªº¦n(§t»Wªº»¡¨Ó)
³oºØª¬ªp¦b³y¦¨ NFS ³oºØ¹ïºô¸ô±Ó·Pªºµ{¦¡¦³®É·|¥X²{°ÝÃD.
<p>°Ñ¦Ò <url url="../handbook/nfs.html" name="the Handbook entry on NFS">
¥HÀò±o³oÓ¥DÃDªº§ó¦h¸ê°T.
<sect1>
<heading>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à NFS-mount Linux ªº¾÷¾¹?</heading>
<p>¬Y¨Çª©¥»ªº Linux NFS µ{¦¡½X¥u±µ¨ü privileged port ªº mount request
; ¸Õ¥Î³o¦æ«ü¥O¬Ý¬Ý
<verb>
mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt
</verb>
<sect1>
<heading>W¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à NFS-mount Sun ªº¾÷¾¹?</heading>
<p>¶] SunOS 4.X ªº Sun ¤u§@¯¸¥u±µ¨ü¨Ó¦Û privileged port ªº mount request
; ¸Õ¥Î³o¦æ«ü¥O¬Ý¬Ý
<verb>
mount -o -P sunbox:/blah /mnt
</verb>
<sect1>
<heading>§Ú¦b¨Ï¥Î PPP ³s½u¨ì NeXTStep ¾÷¾¹®É¦³°ÝÃD.</heading>
<p>§â TCP extensions ¨ú®ø, ³oÓ³]©w¦b <htmlurl
url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf"> ¸Ì±.
§â¥H¤U³oÓȳ]¦¨ NO:
<verb>
tcp_extensions=NO
</verb>
<p>Xylogic ªº Annex ¥D¾÷¤]¦³¬Û¦Pªº°ÝÃD,±zn°µ¬Û¦Pªº×§ï¤~¯à³s¤W
³o¨Ç¥D¾÷.
<sect1>
<heading>§Ún«ç¼Ë¤~¯à§â IP multicast support ¥´¶}?</heading>
<p>Multicast host operations are fully supported in FreeBSD 2.0 and
later by default. ¦pªG±z·Q±N±zªº¥D¾÷³]©w¦¨ multicast router ªº¸Ü,
±z¥²¶·«·s compile ±zªº kernel, ¥[¤J <tt>MROUTING</tt>
ªº¿ï¶µ,¨Ã¥B°õ¦æ <tt/mrouted/. ¦pªG±zªº<tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> ¸Ì±ªº
<tt/mrouted_enable/ ³oӰѼƬO³]©w¦¨"YES" ªº¸Ü.FreeBSD 2.2 ¤Î¤§«áªº
ª©¥»·|¦b¶}¾÷®É°õ¦æ <tt/mrouted/ .
<p>MBONE ªº¦UºØ¤u¨ã¥i¥H¦b¥LÌ ports ¤U©ÒÄÝ¥s°µ mbone¥Ø¿ý¤¤§ä¨ì.
¦pªG±z¦b§äµø°T·|ijªº¤u¨ã¦p <tt/vic/ ©M <tt/vat/ ªº¸Ü,
¨ì¨ºÃä§ä§ä!
<p>¦pªG»Ýn§ó¶i¤@³¡ªº°T®§,§ä§ä
<url url="http://www.mbone.com/" name="Mbone Information Web">.
<sect1>
<heading>þ¨Çºô¸ô¥d¬O¨Ï¥Î DEC PCI chipset?</heading>
<p>¥H¤U¬O <url url="mailto:gfoster@driver.nsta.org"
name="Glen Foster">´£¨Ñªº²M³æ:
<verb>
Vendor Model
----------------------------------------------
ASUS PCI-L101-TB
Accton ENI1203
Cogent EM960PCI
Compex ENET32-PCI
D-Link DE-530
Dayna DP1203, DP2100
DEC DE435
Danpex EN-9400P3
JCIS Condor JC1260
Linksys EtherPCI
Mylex LNP101
SMC EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332)
SMC EtherPower (Model 8432)
TopWare TE-3500P
Zynx ZX342
</verb>
<sect1>
<heading>¬°¤°»òn¥Î FQDN ¤~¯à³s¨ì¨ä¥L¾÷¾¹¡H</heading>
<p>§A¤]³\·|µo²{n³sªº¾÷¾¹¨ä¹ê¬O¦b¥t¤@Óºô°ì¡CÁ|Ó¨Ò¤l¡A°²³]§A¬O¦b
foo.bar.edu ³oÓºô°ì¤¤¡A·Qn³s¨ì¦b bar.edu ¸Ì¤@¥x¥s ``mumble'' ªº
¾÷¾¹¡A«h¥²¶·¥Î Fully-Qualified Domain Name¡A¤]´N¬O
``mumble.bar.edu''¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¥u¥Î ``mumble'' ¨Ó«ü¦V¥¦¡C
<p>¶Ç²Îªº BSD BIND resolver ¤¹³\¥Î³oºØ¤è¦¡¸Ñ¥X¾÷¾¹ªº¦ì§}¡A¦ý¬O
FreeBSD ¤ºªþ <htmlurl
url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?named" name="bind"> ª©¥»
ªº¤º©w¤è¦¡¡A«h¬O°£¤F§A©Ò¦bªººô°ì¥H¥~¡A¤£¤ä´©¨ä¥L«D FQDN ªºÁY¼g¡C
©Ò¥H¦p <tt>mumble</tt> ³oºØ¤£¦X®æªº¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ¡A¥²¶·¦b
<tt>mumble.foo.bar.edu</tt>¡A§_«h´N·|±qºô°ìªº³Ì©³¼h¶}©l§ä¡C
<p>³o©M¥ý«eªº°µªk¤£¦P¡A¤]´N¬O¤£¥Î <tt>mumble.bar.edu</tt> ©M
<tt>mumble.edu</tt> Ä~Äò·j´M¡C¬Ý¤@¤U RFC 1535¡A¸Ì±¦³´£¨ì¬°¤°»ò¤§
«eªº°µªk¤£¦n¡A¬Æ¦Üºâ¬OÓ¦w¥þº|¬}¡C
<p>³o¸Ì¦³Ó¤£¿ùªº¸Ñªk¡A§â
<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?resolv.conf"
name="/etc/resolv.conf"> ¸Ìªº³o¤@¦æ¡G
<verb>
domain foo.bar.edu
</verb>
´«¦¨³o¤@¦æ¡G
<verb>
search foo.bar.edu bar.edu
</verb>
¦ý¬On½T©w·j´M¶¶§Ç¤£·|¹H¤Ï RFC 2535 ©Ò¿×ªº ``boundary between local
and public administration''¡C
<sect1>
<heading>©Ò¦³ºô¸ô°Ê§@³£·|¥X²{ ``Permission denied'' ¿ù»~°T®§</heading>
<p>¦pªG¦b½sĶ kernel ®É¥[¤F <tt/IPFIREWALL/ ³oӿﶵ¡An¾å±o 2.1.7R
¤º©w¬O©Úµ´©Ò¦³¥¼¸g®Ö㪺ºô¸ô«Ê¥](¦ý¦b¶}µo 2.1-STABLE ®É§ï±¼¤F)¡C
<p>¦pªG¤£¤p¤ß§Ë¿ù¤F firewall ªº³]©w¡A¥H root ¨¥÷°õ¦æ³oÓ©R¥O¡A±µµÛ
ºô¸ô¥\¯à´N·|¥¿±`¡G
<verb>
ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any
</verb>
<p>¤]¥i¥H¦b <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> ³] "firewall_type='open'" ³oӿﶵ¡C
<p>¦pªG·Qª¾¹D¦p¦ó³]©w FreeBSD firewall¡A½Ð¬Ý <url
url="../handbook/firewalls.html" name="Handbook ¬ÛÃö³¡¥÷">¡C
<sect1>
<heading>IPFW ·|³y¦¨¦h¤jªººô¸ô©µ¿ð¡H</heading>
<p>³oÓ°ÝÃDªºµª®×¤j¦hn¬Ý§A«ç»òq firewall ³W«h¡BÁÙ¦³ CPU ³t«×¡C¹ï¤j
¦h¼Æ¦b ethernet ¤Wªºµ{¦¡¤Î³W«h¤£¦hªº±¡ªp¤U¡A©µ¿ð¤p¨ì¥i¥H©¿²¤¡C¦ý¦pªG
§A·Qnºë½T¼Æ¦r¨Óº¡¨¬¦n©_¤ß¡AÄ~Äò©¹¤UŪ¡C
<p>¤U±¬O¦b 486-66 2.2.5-STABLE ¤W©Ò§@ªº´ú¶q¡A§ÚÌקï¤F IPFW ì©l½X
¨Ó´ú¶q¦b <tt/ip_fw_chk/ ¨ç¦¡¤W©Òªáªº®É¶¡¡A¨C³B²z 1000 Ó«Ê¥]«á´N·|¦b
console ¤WÅã¥Üµ²ªG¡C
<p>´ú¸Õ¤F¨â²Õ¡A¨C²Õ¦U¦³ 1000 Ó³W«h¡C²Ä¤@²Õ«½Æ¤U±³W«h¡A¬G·N³]p¦¨
³ÌÁVªº±¡ªp¡G
<verb>
ipfw add deny tcp from any to any 55555
</verb>
<p>ÂÇ¥ÑÀˬd port number¡A³o¼Ë·|¨Ï IPFW ¦b¨M©w¬YÓ«Ê¥]¤£²Å¦X±ø¥ó«e°õ
¦æ¤j³¡¥÷ªºÀˬdµ{¦¡¡A¦]¦¹³y¦¨³Ì®tªºª¬ªp¡C¦b«½Æ³oÓ³W«h 999 ¦¸«á¡A±µ
µÛ¬O <tt>allow ip from any to any</tt>¡C
<p>²Ä¤G²Õ³]p¦¨¥H·¥§Öªº³t«×¸õ¹LÀˬd³W«h¡G
<verb>
ipfw add deny ip from 1.2.3.4 to 1.2.3.4
</verb>
<p>¤@¸I¨ì«Ê¥]ªº¨Ó·½¤£²Å¦X³W«h©Òz¡A·|«Ü§Ö¸õ¹LÀˬdÅý«Ê¥]³q¹L¡C©M¤W±
¤@¼Ë¡A²Ä 1000 Ó³W«h¬O <tt>allow ip from any to any</tt>¡C
<p>¦b²Ä¤@ºØ±¡ªp¤¤¡A³B²z¨C¤@Ó«Ê¥]©Ò³y¦¨ªº©µ¿ð¤j¬ù¬O 2.703 ms¡A©Ò¥H¨C
Ó³W«h¤j·§·|³y¦¨ 2.7 microsecond ªº©µ¿ð¡C©Ò¥H¦b³o¨Ç³W«h¤§¤U¡A²z½×¤W¨C
¬í³Ì¦h¥i¥H³B²z 370 Ó«Ê¥]¡C¦b 10Mbps ethernet ©M¤@Ó«Ê¥]¤j·§ 1500 byte
ªº°²³]¤U¡A¤j·§¥u·|¥Î¨ì 55.5% ªººô¸ôÀW¼e¡C
<p>²Ä¤GºØ±¡ªp¡A¨CÓ«Ê¥]ªá¤F¤j¬ù 1.172ms¡A©Ò¥H¨C±ø³W«h¤j¬ù¥Î¤F 1.2
microsecond¡C²z½×¤W¨C¬í³Ì¦h¥i¥H³B²z 853 Ó«Ê¥]¡A¯ÓºÉ 10Mbps ªºÀW¼e¡C
<p>¤W±´ú¸Õ¥Î¨ìªº¤j¶q³W«h¡B¤Î³o¨Ç³W«h¥»¨¨Ã¤£¥Nªí¯u¹ê¥@¬Éªº±¡ªp¡A¥LÌ
¥u¬O¥Î¨Ó²£¥Í©Òªí¥Üªº¼Æ¾Ú¡CY·Qnq¥X¤@®M¦³®Ä²vªº³W«h¡A°O±o³o´X¥ó¨Æ¡G
<itemize>
<item>¦b³Ì«e±©ñ¤@Ó±Mªù³B²z¤j¶q TCP ¬y¶qªº¥i¥Î³W«h¡A¦b³o±ø«e±¤£
n©ñ¥ô¦ó <tt>allow tcp</tt> ªº¬ÛÃö±Ôz¡C
<item>§â±`±`IJµoªº³W«h©ñ¦b«e±¡A¤£±`¥Î¨ìªº«h¥á¨ì«á±(<bf>·íµM¦b¤£
¼vÅT firewall ¥X¤J¤¹³\³]©wªº«e´£¤U</bf>)¡C°õ¦æ <tt>ipfw -a l</tt>
´N¥i¬Ý¨ì«Ê¥]ªº²Îp¼Æ¥Ø¡A¨Ó¬Ý³Ì±`¥Î¨ì¨º¨Ç³W«h¡C
</itemize>
<sect1>
<heading>n¦p¦ó§â¹ï¬Y¥x¾÷¾¹ªººô¸ôªA°Èn¨D(service request)Âà¦V¨ì¥t¤@¥x¡H
</heading>
<p>¦b ports ¥Ø¿ýªº sysutils ºØÃþ¤¤¦³Ó¥s 'socket' ªº package¡A¥i¥HÀ°
§AÂà¦V FTP ©Î¨ä¥LÃþ¦üªººô¸ôªA°È¡C¥un§â¸Óºô¸ôªA°Èªº©R¥O§ï¦¨©I¥s socket
§Y¥i¡A¦p¤U(¦b <tt>/etc/inetd.conf</tt> ¸Ì)¡G
<verb>
ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket ftp.foo.com ftp
</verb>
<p>¨ä¤¤ 'ftp.foo.com' ©M 'ftp' ¤À§O¬O³QÂà¨ìªº¾÷¾¹©M port ¦WºÙ¡C
<sect1>
<heading>¨º¸Ì¥i¥H§ä¨ìºÞ²zÀW¼eªº¤u¨ã¡H</heading>
<p>FreeBSD ¤W¦³¨â®MÀW¼eºÞ²z¤u¨ã¡G
<url url="http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/kjc/programs.html"
name="ALTQ"> ¥i¥H§K¶O¨Ï¥Î¡A
<url url="http://www.etinc.com" name="Emerging Technologies"> ¥Xªº
Bandwidth Manager «h¬O°Ó¥Î³nÅé¡C
<sect1>
<heading>«ç»ò·|¶]¥X ``/dev/bpf0: device not configured'' ³oÓ°T®§¡H
</heading>
<p>¬f§JµÜ«Ê¥]¹LÂo¾¹(Berkeley Packet Filter) <htmlurl
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?bpf" name="(bpf)">
¦bµ{¦¡¨Ï¥Î«e¥²¶·¦b kernel ¥´¶}¥¦ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A§â¤U±³o¤@¦æ¥[¤J kernel
³]©wÀɤ¤¡A½sÓ·sªº kernel¡G
<verb>
pseudo-device bpfilter # Berkeley Packet Filter+ </verb>
<p>¦b«·s¶}¾÷¤§«á¡AÁÙn°µ¥X device node¡A¦b <tt>/dev</tt> ¤U°õ¦æ¡G
<tscreen><verb>
# sh MAKEDEV bpf0 </verb></tscreen>
<p>¦pªG·Qn§ó¶i¤@¨Bª¾¹D¦p¦ó°µ¥X¦UºØ device node¡A½Ð¬Ý <htmlurl
url="../handbook/kernelconfig:nodes.html"
name="handbook ¤¤¦³Ãö device node ªº»¡©ú">¡C
</sect>
|