path: root/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/config/chapter.sgml

<!--
     The FreeBSD Documentation Project
     The FreeBSD Chinese Documentation Project

     Original Revision: 1.233
     $FreeBSD$
-->

<chapter id="config-tuning">
  <chapterinfo>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Chern</firstname>
	<surname>Lee</surname>
	<contrib>Ô­×÷£º </contrib>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Mike</firstname>
	<surname>Smith</surname>
	<contrib>Õâ·ÝÎĵµ»ùÓÚÒ»·Ý½Ì³Ì£¬ Æä×÷ÕßÊÇ </contrib>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Matt</firstname>
	<surname>Dillon</surname>
	<contrib>´ËÍ⣬ Ò²²Î¿¼ÁË tuning(7)£¬ Æä×÷ÕßÊÇ </contrib>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
  </chapterinfo>

  <title>ÉèÖú͵÷Õû</title>

  <sect1 id="config-synopsis">
    <title>¸ÅÊö</title>

    <indexterm><primary>ϵͳÅäÖÃ</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm><primary>ϵͳÓÅ»¯</primary></indexterm>

    <para>ʹÓà &os; µÄÒ»¸öÖØÒªÎÊÌâÊÇϵͳÅäÖá£
      ÕýÈ·µØÅäÖÃϵͳÄܳä·ÖµØ¼õÉÙÒÔºóά»¤ºÍÉý¼¶ÏµÍ³ËùÐèµÄ¹¤×÷Á¿¡£
      ÕâÕ½«½âÊÍһЩ &os; µÄÅäÖùý³Ì£¬°üÀ¨Ò»Ð©¿ÉÒÔµ÷ÕûµÄ &os;
      ϵͳµÄһЩ²ÎÊý¡£</para>

    <para>¶ÁÍê±¾Õ£¬ Äú½«Á˽⣺</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ÈçºÎÓÐЧµØÀûÓÃÎļþϵͳºÍ½»»»·ÖÇø¡£</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para><filename>rc.conf</filename> µÄ»ù±¾ÉèÖÃÒÔ¼°
	  <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename> Æô¶¯Ìåϵ¡£</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>ÈçºÎÉèÖúͲâÊÔÍø¿¨¡£</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>ÈçºÎÔÚÄúµÄÍøÂçÉ豸ÉÏÅäÖÃÐéÄâÖ÷»ú¡£</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>ÈçºÎʹÓà <filename>/etc</filename> ϵĸ÷ÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>ÈçºÎͨ¹ý <command>sysctl</command> ±äÁ¿À´¶Ô &os; ϵͳ½øÐе÷ÓÅ¡£</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>ÔõÑùµ÷Õû´ÅÅÌÐÔÄܺÍÐÞ¸ÄÄÚºËÏÞÖÆ¡£</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>ÔÚÔĶÁ±¾ÕÂ֮ǰ£¬ÄúÓ¦¸ÃÁ˽⣺</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>Á˽â &unix; ºÍ &os; µÄ»ù´¡ÖªÊ¶
	  (<xref linkend="basics">)¡£</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>ÊìϤÄÚºËÅäÖñàÒëµÄ»ù´¡ÖªÊ¶
	  (<xref linkend="kernelconfig">)¡£</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-initial">
    <title>³õ²½ÅäÖÃ</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>·ÖÇø¹æ»®</title>

      <indexterm><primary>·ÖÇø¹æ»®</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm>
        <primary><filename>/etc</filename></primary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm>
        <primary><filename>/var</filename></primary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm>
        <primary><filename>/usr</filename></primary>
      </indexterm>

      <sect3>
	<title>»ù±¾·ÖÇø</title>

	<para>µ±Ê¹Óà &man.bsdlabel.8; »òÕß &man.sysinstall.8;
	  À´·Ö¸îÄúµÄÎļþϵͳµÄʱºò£¬
	  Òª¼ÇסӲÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷Íâ´ÅµÀ´«ÊäÊý¾ÝÒª±È´ÓÄڴŵÀ´«ÊäÊý¾Ý¿ì¡£
	  Òò´ËÓ¦¸Ã½«Ð¡µÄºÍ¾­³£·ÃÎʵÄÎļþϵͳ·ÅÔÚÇý¶¯Æ÷¿¿ÍâµÄλÖã¬
	  һЩ´óµÄ·ÖÇø±ÈÈç <filename>/usr</filename>
	  Ó¦¸Ã·ÅÔڱȽϿ¿ÀïµÄλÖá£
	  ÒÔÀàËÆÕâÑùµÄ˳Ðò½¨Á¢·ÖÇøÊÇÒ»¸ö²»´íµÄÖ÷Ò⣺root£¬swap£¬
	  <filename>/var</filename>£¬<filename>/usr</filename>¡£</para>

	<para><filename>/var</filename> µÄ´óСÄÜ·´Ó³ÄúµÄ»úÆ÷ʹÓÃÇé¿ö¡£
	  ËüÓÃÀ´´æ´¢Óʼþ£¬ÈÕÖ¾ÎļþºÍ´òÓ¡¶ÓÁлº´æ£¬
	  ÌرðÊÇÓÊÏäºÍÈÕÖ¾Îļþ¿ÉÄÜ»á´ïµ½ÎÞ·¨Ô¤ÁϵĴóС£¬
	  ÕâÖ÷Ҫȡ¾öÓÚÔÚÄúµÄϵͳÉÏÓжàÉÙÓû§ºÍÄúµÄÈÕÖ¾Îļþ¿ÉÒÔ±£´æ¶à³¤Ê±¼ä¡£
	  Ò»°ã´ó¶àÊýÓû§²»ÐèÒªÒ»¸ö G ÒÔÉϵĿռ䣬µ«Òª¼Çס
	  <filename>/var/tmp</filename> Ó¦¸Ã×ã¹»´óÀ´ÒÔ±ã´æ´¢Ò»Ð©
	  packages¡£</para>

	<para><filename>/usr</filename> ·ÖÇø´æ´¢ºÜ¶àÓÃÀ´ÏµÍ³ÔËÐÐËùÐèÒªµÄÎļþÀýÈç
	  &man.ports.7; (½¨ÒéÕâÑù×ö) ºÍÔ´´úÂë (¿ÉÑ¡µÄ)¡£°²×°µÄʱºòÕâÁ½ÏÊÇ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ¡£
	  Õâ¸ö·ÖÇøÖÁÉÙÒª±£ÁôÁ½¸ö G µÄ¿ÉÓÿռ䡣</para>

	<para>µ±Ñ¡Ôñ·ÖÇø´óСµÄʱºò£¬¼Çס±£ÁôһЩ¿Õ¼ä¡£
	  ÓÃÍêÁËÒ»¸ö·ÖÇøµÄ¿Õ¼ä¶øÔÚÁíÒ»¸ö·ÖÇøÉÏ»¹Óкܶ࣬
	  ¿ÉÄܻᵼÖ³öÏÖһЩ´íÎó¡£</para>

	<note><para>һЩÓû§»á·¢ÏÖ &man.sysinstall.8; µÄ
	  <literal>Auto-defaults</literal> ×Ô¶¯·ÖÇøÓÐʱ»á·ÖÅä¸ø
	  <filename>/var</filename> ºÍ <filename>/</filename> ½ÏСµÄ·ÖÇø¿Õ¼ä¡£
	  ·ÖÇøÓ¦¸Ã¾«È·Ò»Ð©²¢ÇÒ´óһЩ¡£</para></note>

      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="swap-design">
	<title>½»»»·ÖÇø</title>

	<indexterm><primary>½»»»·ÖÇø·ÖÅä</primary></indexterm>
	<indexterm><primary>½»»»·ÖÇø</primary></indexterm>

	<para>Ò»°ãÀ´½²£¬½»»»·ÖÇøÓ¦¸Ã´óÔ¼ÊÇϵͳÄÚ´æ (RAM) µÄÁ½±¶¡£
	  ÀýÈ磬Èç¹û»úÆ÷ÓÐ 128M Äڴ棬½»»»ÎļþÓ¦¸ÃÊÇ 256M¡£
	  ½ÏСÄÚ´æµÄϵͳ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý¶àÒ»µãµØ½»»»·ÖÇøÀ´ÌáÉýÐÔÄÜ¡£
	  ²»½¨ÒéСÓÚ 256&nbsp;Õ׵Ľ»»»·ÖÇø£¬²¢ÇÒÀ©³äÄúµÄÄÚ´æÓ¦¸Ã±»¿¼ÂÇһϡ£
	  µ±½»»»·ÖÇø×îÉÙÊÇÖ÷ÄÚ´æµÄÁ½±¶µÄʱºò£¬ÄÚºËµÄ VM (ÐéÄâÄÚ´æ)
	  Ò³Ãæµ÷¶ÈËã·¨¿ÉÒÔ½«ÐÔÄܵ÷Õûµ½×îºÃ¡£Èç¹ûÄú¸ø»úÆ÷Ìí¼Ó¸ü¶àÄڴ棬
	  ÅäÖÃ̫СµÄ½»»»·ÖÇø»áµ¼Ö VM Ò³ÃæɨÃèµÄ´úÂëЧÂʵÍÏ¡£</para>

	<para>ÔÚʹÓöà¿éSCSI´ÅÅÌ(»òÕß²»Í¬¿ØÖÆÆ÷ÉϵÄIDE´ÅÅÌ)µÄ´óϵͳÉÏ£¬
	  ½¨ÒéÔÚÿ¸öÇý¶¯Æ÷ÉϽ¨Á¢½»»»·ÖÇø(Ö±µ½ËĸöÇý¶¯Æ÷)¡£
	  ½»»»·ÖÇøÓ¦¸Ã´óÔ¼Ò»Ñù´óС¡£Äں˿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÈÎÒâ´óС£¬
	  µ«ÄÚ²¿Êý¾Ý½á¹¹ÔòÊÇ×î´ó½»»»·ÖÇøµÄ 4 ±¶¡£±£³Ö½»»»·ÖÇøͬÑùµÄ´óС£¬
	  ¿ÉÒÔÔÊÐíÄÚºË×î¼ÑµØµ÷¶È½»»»¿Õ¼äÀ´·ÃÎÊ´ÅÅÌ¡£
	  ¼´Ê¹²»Ì«Ê¹Ó㬷ÖÅä´óµÄ½»»»·ÖÇøÒ²ÊǺõģ¬
	  ÔÚ±»ÆÈÖØÆô֮ǰËü¿ÉÒÔÈÃÄú¸üÈÝÒ׵ĴÓÒ»¸öʧ°ÜµÄ³ÌÐòÖлָ´¹ýÀ´¡£</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ΪʲôҪ·ÖÇø£¿</title>

	<para>һЩÓû§ÈÏΪһ¸öµ¥¶ÀµÄ´ó·ÖÇø½«»áºÜºÃ£¬
	  µ«ÊÇÓкܶàÔ­Òò»áÖ¤Ã÷ΪʲôÕâÊǸö»µÖ÷Òâ¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬
	  ÿ¸ö·ÖÇøÓв»Í¬µÄ·ÖÇøÌØÐÔ£¬Òò´Ë·Ö¿ª¿ÉÒÔÈÃÎļþϵͳµ÷ÕûËüÃÇ¡£
	  ÀýÈ磬¸ùϵͳºÍ <filename>/usr</filename> Ò»°ãÖ»ÊǶÁÈ¡£¬Ð´ÈëºÜÉÙ¡£
	  ºÜ¶à¶ÁдƵ·±µÄ±»·ÅÔÚ <filename>/var</filename> ºÍ
	  <filename>/var/tmp</filename>ÖС£</para>

	<para>Êʵ±µÄ»®·ÖÒ»¸öϵͳ£¬ ÔÚÆäÖÐʹÓýÏСµÄ·ÖÇø£¬ ÕâÑù£¬
	  ÄÇЩÒÔдΪÖ÷µÄ·ÖÇø½«²»»á±ÈÒÔ¶ÁΪÖ÷µÄ·ÖÇø¸¶³ö¸ü¸ßµÄ´ú¼Û¡£
	  ½«ÒÔдΪÖ÷µÄ·ÖÇø·ÅÔÚ¿¿½ü´ÅÅ̵ıßÔµ£¬
	  ÀýÈç·ÅÔÚʵ¼ÊµÄ´óÓ²Å̵ÄÇ°Ãæ´úÌæ·ÅÔÚ·ÖÇø±íµÄºóÃ棬½«»áÌá¸ßÄúÐèÒªµÄ·ÖÇøµÄ
	  I/O ÐÔÄÜ¡£ÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÄÜÒ²ÐèÒªÔڱȽϴóµÄ·ÖÇøÉÏÓÐºÜºÃµÄ I/O ÐÔÄÜ£¬
	  °ÑËûÃÇÒƶ¯µ½´ÅÅÌÍâΧ²»»á´øÀ´¶à´óµÄÐÔÄÜÌáÉý£¬·´¶ø°Ñ
	  <filename>/var</filename> ÒƵ½ÍâÃæ»áÓкܺõÄЧ¹û¡£×îºóÉæ¼°µ½°²È«ÎÊÌâ¡£
	  Ò»¸öÖ÷ÒªÊÇÖ»¶ÁµÄСµÄ¡¢Õû½àµÄ¸ù·ÖÇø¿ÉÒÔÌá¸ß´ÓÒ»¸öÑÏÖصÄϵͳ±ÀÀ£Öлָ´¹ýÀ´µÄ»ú»á¡£
</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-core-configuration">
    <title>ºËÐÄÅäÖÃ</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>rc Îļþ</primary>
      <secondary><filename>rc.conf</filename></secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>ϵͳµÄÅäÖÃÐÅÏ¢Ö÷ҪλÓÚ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>¡£
      Õâ¸öÎļþ°üº¬ÁËÅäÖÃÐÅÏ¢ºÜ´óµÄÒ»²¿·Ö£¬Ö÷ÒªÔÚϵͳÆô¶¯µÄʱºòÀ´ÅäÖÃϵͳ£¬
      Õâ¸öÃû×ÖÖ±½Ó˵Ã÷ÁËÕâµã£»ËüÒ²ÊÇ <filename>rc*</filename>
      ÎļþµÄÅäÖÃÐÅÏ¢¡£</para>

    <para>ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±Ó¦¸ÃÔÚ <filename>rc.conf</filename> ÎļþÖн¨Á¢¼Ç¼À´¸²¸Ç
      <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> ÖеÄĬÈÏÉèÖá£
      Õâ¸öĬÈÏÎļþ²»Ó¦¸Ã±»Öð×ֵĸ´ÖƵ½
      <filename>/etc</filename> ¡ª¡ª Ëü°üº¬µÄÊÇĬÈÏÖµ¶ø²»ÊÇÒ»¸öÀý×Ó¡£
      ËùÓÐÌض¨µÄ¸Ä±äÓ¦¸ÃÔÚ <filename>rc.conf</filename> ÖС£</para>

    <para>ÔÚ¼¯ÈºÓ¦ÓÃÖУ¬ÎªÁ˽µµÍ¹ÜÀí³É±¾£¬
      ¿ÉÒÔÓ¦ÓöàÖÖ²ßÂÔ°ÑÉæ¼°È«Õ¾·¶Î§µÄÉèÖôÓÌض¨ÓÚϵͳµÄÉèÖÃÖзÖÀë³öÀ´¡£
      ½¨ÒéµÄ·½·¨Êǽ«È«Õ¾·¶Î§µÄÉèÖ÷ÅÔÚÁíÒ»¸öÎļþÖУ¬ÀýÈç
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf.site</filename>£¬
      ²¢ÇÒ°ÑËü°üº¬½øÈ»ºó°ÑÕâ¸öÎļþ°üÀ¨½øÖ»°üº¬ÏµÍ³Ö¸¶¨ÐÅÏ¢µÄ
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>¡£</para>

    <para>ÓÉÓÚ <filename>rc.conf</filename> ¿ÉÒÔ±» &man.sh.1;
      ÔĶÁ£¬ËùÒÔ´ïµ½Õâ¸öÄ¿µÄºÜ¼òµ¥£¬ÀýÈ磺</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem><para>rc.conf:</para>
<programlisting>	. /etc/rc.conf.site
	hostname="node15.example.com"
	network_interfaces="fxp0 lo0"
	ifconfig_fxp0="inet 10.1.1.1"</programlisting></listitem>
      <listitem><para>rc.conf.site:</para>
<programlisting>	defaultrouter="10.1.1.254"
	saver="daemon"
	blanktime="100"</programlisting></listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para><filename>rc.conf.site</filename> Îļþ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ
      <command>rsync</command> »òÀàËƳÌÐò·Ö·¢¸ø¸÷¸öϵͳ£¬
      ͬʱ¸÷ϵͳµÄ <filename>rc.conf</filename> ÎļþÈÔ±£³Ö¶ÀÁ¢¡£</para>

    <para>ʹÓà &man.sysinstall.8; »òÕß <command>make world</command>
      À´Éý¼¶ÏµÍ³²»»á¸²¸Ç <filename>rc.conf</filename>
      Îļþ£¬ ËùÒÔϵͳÅäÖÃÐÅÏ¢²»»á¶ªÊ§¡£</para>

  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-appconfig">
    <title>Ó¦ÓóÌÐòÅäÖÃ</title>

    <para>µäÐ͵ģ¬±»°²×°µÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÓÐËû×Ô¼ºµÄÅäÖÃÎļþ¡¢Óï·¨µÈµÈ¡£
      ´Ó»ù±¾ÏµÍ³ÖзֿªËûÃÇÊǺÜÖØÒªµÄÒÔÖÁÓÚËûÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÈÝÒ׵ı»
      package ¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ß¶¨Î»ºÍ¹ÜÀí</para>

    <indexterm><primary>/usr/local/etc</primary></indexterm>

    <para>Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ£¬ÕâЩÎļþ±»°²×°ÔÚ
      <filename>/usr/local/etc</filename>¡£Õâ¸öÀý×ÓÖУ¬
      Ò»¸öÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÓкܶàÅäÖÃÎļþ²¢ÇÒ´´½¨ÁËÒ»¸ö×ÓĿ¼À´´æ·ÅËûÃÇ¡£</para>

    <para>ͨ³££¬µ±Ò»¸ö port »òÕß package ±»°²×°µÄʱºò£¬
      ÅäÖÃÎļþʾÀýҲͬÑù±»°²×°ÁË¡£ËüÃÇͨ³£Óà <filename>.default</filename>
      µÄºó׺À´±êʶ¡£Èç¹û²»´æÔÚÕâ¸öÓ¦ÓóÌÐòµÄÅäÖÃÎļþ£¬ ËüÃÇ»áͨ¹ý¸´ÖÆ
      <filename>.default</filename> ÎļþÀ´´´½¨¡£</para>

    <para>ÀýÈ磬¿´Ò»ÏÂÕâ¸öĿϵÄÄÚÈÝ <filename>/usr/local/etc/apache</filename>£º</para>

<literallayout class="monospaced">-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   2184 May 20  1998 access.conf
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   2184 May 20  1998 access.conf.default
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   9555 May 20  1998 httpd.conf
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   9555 May 20  1998 httpd.conf.default
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel  12205 May 20  1998 magic
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel  12205 May 20  1998 magic.default
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   2700 May 20  1998 mime.types
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   2700 May 20  1998 mime.types.default
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   7980 May 20  1998 srm.conf
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   7933 May 20  1998 srm.conf.default</literallayout>

    <para>Îļþ´óСÏÔʾÁËÖ»ÓÐ <filename>srm.conf</filename> ¸Ä±äÁË¡£ÒÔºó
      <application>Apache</application> µÄÉý¼¶¾Í²»»á¸Ä±äÕâ¸öÎļþ¡£</para>

  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-starting-services">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
        <author>
	<firstname>Tom</firstname>
	<surname>Rhodes</surname>
	<contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>Æô¶¯·þÎñ</title>

    <indexterm><primary>·þÎñ</primary></indexterm>

    <para>Ðí¶àÓû§»áÑ¡ÔñʹÓà Ports Collection À´ÔÚ &os; ÉÏ°²×°µÚÈý·½Èí¼þ¡£
      ºÜ¶àÇé¿öÏÂÕâ¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª½øÐÐһЩÅäÖÃÒÔ±ãÈÃÕâЩÈí¼þÄܹ»ÔÚϵͳ³õʼ»¯µÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐÆô¶¯¡£ ·þÎñ£¬
      ÀýÈç <filename role="package">mail/postfix</filename> »ò
      <filename role="package">www/apache13</filename>
      ¾ÍÊÇÕâЩÐèÒªÔÚϵͳ³õʼ»¯Ê±Æô¶¯µÄÈí¼þ°üÖеÄÁ½¸öµäÐÍ´ú±í¡£
      ÕâÒ»½Ú½âÊÍÁËÆô¶¯µÚÈý·½Èí¼þËùÐèÒªµÄ²½Öè¡£</para>

    <para>&os; °üº¬µÄ´ó¶àÊý·þÎñ£¬ÀýÈç &man.cron.8;£¬
      ¾ÍÊÇͨ¹ýϵͳÆô¶¯½Å±¾Æô¶¯µÄ¡£ ÕâЩ½Å±¾Ò²Ðí»áÓÐЩ²»Í¬£¬
      ÕâÈ¡¾öÓÚ &os; °æ±¾¡£ µ«ÊDz»¹ÜÔõÑù£¬
      ÐèÒª¿¼ÂǵÄÒ»¸öÖØÒª·½ÃæÊÇËûÃǵÄÆô¶¯ÅäÖÃÎļþÒªÄܱ»»ù±¾Æô¶¯½Å±¾Ê¶±ð²¶»ñ¡£</para>

    <para>ÔÚ <filename>rc.d</filename> ³öÏÖ֮ǰ£¬ Ó¦ÓóÌÐò»á°ÑÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄÆô¶¯½Å±¾·Åµ½
      <filename class="directory">/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename>
      Ŀ¼ÖУ¬ Õâ¸öĿ¼ÖеĽű¾»á±»ÏµÍ³³õʼ»¯½Å±¾¶ÁÈ¡¡£</para>

    <para>¾¡¹ÜºÜ¶àÈËÒѾ­»¨·ÑÁËÏ൱¶àµÄʱ¼äÀ´°Ñ¾ÉµÄÅäÖ÷½Ê½ÈÚÈëµ½ÐÂϵͳÖУ¬
      ÈÔÈ»ÓÐÐí¶àµÚÈý·½Èí¼þÐèÒª°Ñ½Å±¾·Åµ½ÉÏÃæÌáµ½µÄĿ¼ÖС£
      ÊÇ·ñʹÓà <filename>rc.d</filename> »á¶ÔÕâЩ½Å±¾µÄÖ´ÐдøÀ´Ò»Ð©±ä»¯¡£
      ÔÚ  &os;&nbsp;5.1 ֮ǰ²ÉÓõÄÊǾÉʽµÄÅäÖã¬
      µ±È»£¬ ¾ø´ó¶àÊýÇé¿öÏ£¬ ÐÂʽµÄ½Å±¾Ò²»á¹¤×÷µÄºÜºÃ¡£</para>

    <para>ÿ¸ö½Å±¾¶¼Ó¦¸Ã×ñÊØ &os; °æ±¾ËùÐèÇóµÄһЩ¹æ¶¨£º
      ÿ¸ö½Å±¾±ØÐëÊÇÄܹ»±»ÏµÍ³Ö´ÐУ¬Í¨³£¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ
      <command>chmod</command> ÃüÁîÉèÖÃ³É <literal>555</literal> ȨÏÞ¡£
      Ëü»¹Ó¦¸ÃÄܽÓÊÜ <literal>start</literal>
      Ñ¡ÏîÀ´Æô¶¯³ÌÐò²¢ÇÒ½ÓÊÜ <literal>stop</literal>
      Ñ¡ÏîÀ´½áÊø³ÌÐò¡£</para>

    <para>Ò»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄ½Å±¾¿´ÆðÀ´¿ÉÄÜ»áÏñÕâÑù£º</para>

    <programlisting>#!/bin/sh
echo -n ' utility'

case "$1" in
start)
        /usr/local/bin/utility
        ;;
stop)
        kill -9 `cat /var/run/utility.pid`
        ;;
*)
        echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop}" &gt;&2
        exit 64
        ;;
esac

exit 0</programlisting>

    <para>Õâ¸ö½Å±¾ÌṩÁË <literal>stop</literal> ºÍ
      <literal>start</literal> Á½¸öÑ¡Ï ÓÃÒÔ²Ù×÷
      <literal>utility</literal>¡£</para>

    <para>¿ÉÒÔÓÃÈçÏ·½·¨À´Æô¶¯£º</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/utility</filename> start</userinput></screen>

    <para>ÏÖÔÚ²»ÊÇËùÓеÚÈý·½Èí¼þ¶¼ÐèÒªÔÚ
      <filename>rc.conf</filename> ÖнøÐÐÈç´ËµÄÅäÖã¬
      ²»¹ý¼¸ºõÿÌ춼ÓÐÐ嵀 port ±»ÐÞ¸ÄÀ´²ÉÓÃÕâÖÖÅäÖ÷½·¨¡£
      ÄúÓ¦ÔÚ°²×°µÄ×îºó½×¶Î²é¿´ËùÏÔʾµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬
      ÒÔÁ˽âij¸ö¾ßÌåµÄÓ¦ÓÃÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÕâÑùµÄÅäÖá£
      ijЩµÚÈý·½Èí¼þ»áÌṩÆô¶¯½Å±¾£¬ ÒÔ±ãÓë
      <filename>rc.d</filename> ÅäºÏʹÓã»
      ÕâЩÄÚÈݽ«ÔÚÏÂÒ»½Ú½éÉÜ¡£</para>

    <sect2>
      <title>À©Õ¹Ó¦ÓóÌÐòÅäÖÃ</title>

      <para>ÏÖÔÚ &os; ÌṩÁË <filename>rc.d</filename>£¬
	ÕâʹµÃ¶ÔÓ¦ÓÃÈí¼þµÄÆô¶¯½øÐÐÅäÖñäµÃ¸ü¼Ó·½±ã£¬
	²¢ÌṩÁ˸ü¶àµÄÆäËû¹¦ÄÜ¡£ ÀýÈ磬 ʹÓÃÔÚ
	<link linkend="configtuning-rcd">rc.d</link> Ò»½ÚÖÐËù½éÉܵĹؼü×Ö£¬
	Ó¦ÓóÌÐò¾Í¿ÉÒÔÉèÖÃÔÚijЩÆäËû·þÎñ£¬
	ÀýÈç <acronym>DNS</acronym> Ö®ºóÆô¶¯£» ³ý´ËÖ®Í⣬
	»¹¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý <filename>rc.conf</filename> À´Ö¸¶¨Ò»Ð©¶îÍâµÄÆô¶¯²ÎÊý£¬
	¶ø²»ÔÙÐèÒª½«ËüÃÇÓ²±àÂëµ½Æô¶¯½Å±¾ÖС£ »ù±¾µÄÆô¶¯½Å±¾ÈçÏÂËùʾ£º</para>

      <programlisting>#!/bin/sh
#
# PROVIDE: utility
# REQUIRE: DAEMON
# KEYWORD: shutdown

#
# DO NOT CHANGE THESE DEFAULT VALUES HERE
# SET THEM IN THE /etc/rc.conf FILE
#
utility_enable=${utility_enable-"NO"}
utility_flags=${utility_flags-""}
utility_pidfile=${utility_pidfile-"/var/run/utility.pid"}

. /etc/rc.subr

name="utility"
rcvar=`set_rcvar`
command="/usr/local/sbin/utility"

load_rc_config $name

pidfile="${utility_pidfile}"

start_cmd="echo \"Starting ${name}.\"; /usr/bin/nice -5 ${command} ${utility_flags} ${command_args}"

run_rc_command "$1"</programlisting>

      <para>Õâ¸ö½Å±¾½«±£Ö¤
	<application>utility</application> Äܹ»ÔÚ
	<literal>daemon</literal> ·þÎñÖ®ºóÆô¶¯¡£ ËüͬʱҲÌṩÁËÉèÖú͸ú×Ù
	<acronym>PID</acronym>£¬ Ò²¾ÍÊǽø³Ì
	<acronym>ID</acronym> ÎļþµÄ·½·¨¡£</para>

      <para>¿ÉÒÔÔÚ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÖмÓÈ룺</para>

      <programlisting>utility_enable="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>Õâ¸ö·½·¨Ò²Ê¹µÃÃüÁîÐвÎÊý¡¢°üº¬ <filename>/etc/rc.subr</filename>
	ÖÐËùÌṩµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬ ¼æÈÝ &man.rcorder.8; ¹¤¾ß²¢Ìṩ¸ü¼òµ¥µÄͨ¹ý
	<filename>rc.conf</filename> ÎļþÀ´ÅäÖõķ½·¨¡£</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Ó÷þÎñÀ´Æô¶¯·þÎñ</title>

      <para>ÆäËû·þÎñ£¬ ÀýÈç <acronym>POP</acronym>3
	·þÎñÆ÷£¬ <acronym>IMAP</acronym>£¬ µÈµÈ£¬
	Ò²¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý &man.inetd.8; À´Æô¶¯¡£ ÕâÒ»¹ý³Ì°üÀ¨´Ó
	Ports Collection °²×°ÏàÓ¦µÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐò£¬
	²¢°ÑÅäÖüÓÈëµ½ <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> Îļþ£¬
	»òÈ¥µôµ±Ç°ÅäÖÃÖеÄijЩעÊÍ¡£
	ÈçºÎʹÓúÍÅäÖà <application>inetd</application> ÔÚ
	<link linkend="network-inetd">inetd</link> Ò»½ÚÖнøÐÐÁ˸üΪÉîÈëµÄ²ûÊö¡£</para>

      <para>һЩÇé¿öÏ£¬ ͨ¹ý
	&man.cron.8; À´Æô¶¯ÏµÍ³·þÎñÒ²ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¿ÉÐеÄÑ¡Ôñ¡£
	ÕâÖÖ·½·¨ÓкܶàºÃ´¦£¬ ÒòΪ <command>cron</command> »áÒÔ
	<filename>crontab</filename> µÄÎļþÊôÖ÷Éí·ÝÖ´ÐÐÄÇЩ½ø³Ì¡£
	ÕâʹµÃÆÕͨÓû§Ò²Äܹ»Ö´ÐÐËûÃǵÄÓ¦Óá£</para>

      <para><command>cron</command> ¹¤¾ßÌṩÁËÒ»¸ö¶ÀÓеŦÄÜ£¬ ÒÔ
	<literal>@reboot</literal> À´Ö¸¶¨Ê±¼ä¡£
	ÕâÑùµÄÉèÖý«ÔÚ &man.cron.8; Æô¶¯Ê±ÔËÐУ¬
	ͨ³£ÕâÒ²ÊÇϵͳ³õʼ»¯µÄʱºò¡£</para>

    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-cron">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
        <author>
	<firstname>Tom</firstname>
	<surname>Rhodes</surname>
	<contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
	<!-- 20 May 2003 -->
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>ÅäÖÃ <command>cron</command></title>

    <indexterm><primary>cron</primary>
      <secondary>ÅäÖÃ</secondary></indexterm>

    <para>&os; ×îÓÐÓõÄÈí¼þ°ü(utilities)ÖеÄÒ»¸öÊÇ &man.cron.8;¡£
      <command>cron</command> Èí¼þÔÚºǫ́ÔËÐв¢ÇÒ¾­³£¼ì²é
      <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> Îļþ¡£<command>cron</command>
      Èí¼þÒ²¼ì²é <filename>/var/cron/tabs</filename> Ŀ¼£¬ËÑË÷еÄ
      <filename>crontab</filename> Îļþ¡£ÕâЩ <filename>crontab</filename>
      Îļþ´æ´¢Ò»Ð© <command>cron</command> ÔÚÌض¨Ê±¼äÖ´ÐÐÈÎÎñµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£</para>

    <para><command>cron</command> ³ÌÐòʹÓÃÁ½ÖÖ²»Í¬ÀàÐ͵ÄÅäÖÃÎļþ£¬
      ¼´ÏµÍ³ crontab ºÍÓû§ crontabs¡£ Á½ÖÖ¸ñʽµÄΨһÇø±ðÊǵÚÁù¸ö×ֶΡ£
      ÔÚϵͳ crontab ÖУ¬µÚÁù¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇÓÃÓÚÖ´ÐÐÃüÁîµÄÓû§Ãû¡£
      Õâ¸øÓèÁËϵͳ crontab ÒÔÈÎÒâÓû§Éí·ÝÖ´ÐÐÃüÁîµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£
      ÔÚÓû§ crontab ÖУ¬ µÚÁù¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇÒªÖ´ÐеÄÃüÁ
      ËùÓеÄÃüÁ»áÒÔÕâ¸öÓû§×Ô¼ºµÄÉí·ÝÖ´ÐУ»
      ÕâÊÇÒ»ÏîÖØÒªµÄ°²È«¹¦ÄÜ¡£</para>

    <note>
      <para>ͬÆäËûÓû§Ò»Ñù£¬ <username>root</username> Óû§Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄ
        crontab¡£ Ëü²»Í¬ÓÚ
        <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> (Ò²¾ÍÊÇϵͳ crontab)¡£
        ÓÉÓÚÓÐϵͳ crontab µÄ´æÔÚ£¬ ͨ³£²¢²»ÐèÒª¸ø
        <username>root</username> ½¨Á¢µ¥¶ÀµÄÓû§ crontab¡£</para>
    </note>

    <para>ÈÃÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´Ò»Ï <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> Îļþ£º</para>


    <programlisting># /etc/crontab - root's crontab for &os;
#
# &dollar;&os;: src/etc/crontab,v 1.32 2002/11/22 16:13:39 tom Exp &dollar;
# <co id="co-comments">
#
SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/etc:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin <co id="co-env">
HOME=/var/log
#
#
#minute	hour	mday	month	wday	who	command <co id="co-field-descr">
#
#
*/5	*	*	*	*	root	/usr/libexec/atrun <co id="co-main">
</programlisting>

    <calloutlist>
      <callout arearefs="co-comments">
	<para>Ïñ´ó¶àÊý &os; ÅäÖÃÎļþÒ»Ñù£¬<literal>#</literal> ×Ö·ûÊÇ×¢ÊÍ¡£
	  ÕâÑù£¬ ¾Í¿ÉÒÔ±àдעÊÍÀ´ËµÃ÷ÒªÖ´ÐÐʲô²Ù×÷£¬ ÒÔ¼°ÕâÑù×öµÄÔ­Òò¡£
	  ÐèҪעÒâµÄÊÇ£¬ ×¢ÊÍÓ¦¸ÃÁíÆðÒ»ÐУ¬ ¶ø²»ÄܸúÃüÁî·ÅÔÚͬһÐÐÉÏ£¬
	  ·ñÔòËüÃǻᱻ¿´³ÉÃüÁîµÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£ Õâ¸öÎļþÖеĿÕÐлᱻºöÂÔ¡£</para>
      </callout>

      <callout arearefs="co-env">
	<para>Ê×ÏÈÓ¦¸Ã¶¨Òå»·¾³±äÁ¿¡£µÈºÅ
	  (<literal>=</literal>) ×Ö·ûÓÃÀ´¶¨ÒåÈκλ·¾³±äÁ¿£¬ÏñÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÓõ½ÁË
	  <envar>SHELL</envar>£¬<envar>PATH</envar> ºÍ <envar>HOME</envar>
	  ±äÁ¿¡£Èç¹û shell Ðб»ºöÂÔµô£¬<command>cron</command> ½«»áÓÃĬÈÏÖµ
	  <command>sh</command>¡£Èç¹û <option>PATH</option> ±äÁ¿±»ºöÂÔ£¬
	  ÄÇô¾ÍûÓÐĬÈÏÖµ²¢ÇÒÐèÒªÖ¸¶¨Îļþ¾ø¶ÔλÖá£Èç¹û <option>HOME</option>
	  ±»ºöÂÔ£¬<command>cron</command> ½«ÓÃÓÃÖ´ÐÐÕßµÄ home Ŀ¼¡£</para>
      </callout>

      <callout arearefs="co-field-descr">
	<para>ÕâÒ»Ðж¨ÒåÁËÆ߸ö×ֶΡ£ËüÃÇÊÇ <literal>minute</literal>¡¢
	  <literal>hour</literal>¡¢<literal>mday</literal>¡¢
	  <literal>month</literal>¡¢<literal>wday</literal>¡¢
	  <literal>who</literal> ºÍ <literal>command</literal>¡£
	  ËüÃDz¶àÒѾ­ËµÃ÷Á˸÷×ÔµÄÓô¦¡£Minute ÊÇÃüÁîÒªÔËÐÐʱµÄ·ÖÖÓ£¬Hour
	  ¸ú minute ²î²»¶à£¬Ö»ÊÇÓÃСʱÀ´±íʾ¡£Mday ÊÇÿ¸öÔµÄÌì¡£Month ¸ú hour
	  »¹ÓÐ minute ¶¼²î²»¶à£¬ÓÃÔ·ÝÀ´±íʾ¡£wday ×ֶαíʾÐÇÆÚ¼¸¡£
	  ËùÓÐÕâЩ×ֶεÄÖµ±ØÐëÊÇÊý×Ö²¢ÇÒÓÃ24СʱÖÆÀ´±íʾ¡£<quote>who</quote>
	  ×Ö¶ÎÊÇÌرðµÄ£¬²¢ÇÒÖ»ÔÚ <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> ÎļþÖдæÔÚ¡£
	  Õâ¸ö×Ö¶ÎÖ¸¶¨ÁËÃüÁîÓ¦¸ÃÒÔÄĸöÓû§µÄÉí·ÝÀ´ÔËÐС£µ±Ò»¸öÓû§Ìí¼ÓÁËËû(Ëý)µÄ
	  <filename>crontab</filename> ÎļþµÄʱºò£¬ËûÃǾͻáûÓÐÕâ¸ö×Ö¶ÎÑ¡Ïî¡£×îºó£¬ÊÇ
	  <literal>command</literal> ×ֶΡ£ÕâÊÇ×îºóµÄÒ»¸ö×ֶΣ¬
	  ËùÒÔ×ÔÈ»¾ÍÊÇËüÖ¸¶¨ÒªÔËÐеijÌÐò¡£</para>
      </callout>

      <callout arearefs="co-main">
	<para>×îºóÒ»Ðж¨ÒåÁËÉÏÃæËù˵µÄÖµ¡£×¢ÒâÕâÀïÎÒÃÇÓÐÒ»¸ö
	  <literal>*/5</literal> ÁÐ±í£¬½ô¸ú×ÅÊÇһЩ <literal>*</literal>
	  ×Ö·û¡£<literal>*</literal> ×Ö·û´ú±í<quote>¿ªÊ¼µ½×îºó</quote>£¬
	  Ò²¿ÉÒÔ±»½âÊÍ³É <emphasis>ÿ´Î</emphasis>¡£ËùÒÔ£¬¸ù¾ÝÕâÐУ¬
	  ÏÔÈ»±íÃ÷ÁËÎÞÂÛÔÚºÎʱÿ¸ô 5 ·ÖÖÓÒÔ <username>root</username>
	  Éí·ÝÀ´ÔËÐÐ <command>atrun</command> ÃüÁî¡£²é¿´ &man.atrun.8;
	  ÊÖ²áÒ³ÒÔ»ñµÃ <command>atrun</command> µÄ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£</para>

	<para>ÃüÁî¿ÉÒÔÓÐÈÎÒâ¶à¸ö´«µÝ¸øËüÃǵıêÖ¾¡£ÎÞÂÛÔõÑù£¬
	  À©Õ¹µ½¶àÐеÄÃüÁîÓ¦¸ÃÓ÷´Ð±Ïß(<quote>\</quote>)À´ÐøÐС£</para>
      </callout>
    </calloutlist>

    <para>ÕâÊÇÿ¸ö <filename>crontab</filename> ÎļþµÄ»ù±¾ÉèÖã¬
      ËäÈ»ËüÃÇÓÐÒ»¸ö²»Í¬¡£µÚÁùÐÐÎÒÃÇÖ¸¶¨µÄÓû§ÃûÖ»´æÔÚÓÚϵͳ
      <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> Îļþ¡£Õâ¸ö×Ö¶ÎÔÚÆÕͨÓû§µÄ
      <filename>crontab</filename> ÎļþÖÐÓ¦¸Ã±»ºöÂÔ¡£</para>


    <sect2 id="configtuning-installcrontab">
      <title>°²×° Crontab</title>

      <important>
      <para>¾ø¶Ô²»ÒªÓÃÕâÖÖ·½·¨À´±à¼­/°²×°ÏµÍ³ crontab¡£
	ÄúÐèÒª×öµÄÖ»ÊÇʹÓÃ×Ô¼ºÏ²»¶µÄ±à¼­Æ÷£º
	<command>cron</command> ³ÌÐò»á×¢Òâµ½Îļþ·¢ÉúÁ˱仯£¬
	²¢Á¢¼´¿ªÊ¼Ê¹ÓÃеİ汾¡£²Î¼û
	<ulink url="&url.books.faq;/admin.html#ROOT-NOT-FOUND-CRON-ERRORS">
	Õâ¸ö FAQ ÏîÄ¿ </ulink> ÒÔÁ˽â½øÒ»²½µÄÇé¿ö¡£</para>
      </important>

      <para>Òª°²×°¸ÕдºÃµÄÓû§
	<filename>crontab</filename>£¬
	Ê×ÏÈʹÓÃ×îÏ°¹ßµÄ±à¼­Æ÷À´´´½¨Ò»¸ö·ûºÏÒªÇó¸ñʽµÄÎļþ£¬È»ºóÓÃ
	<command>crontab</command> ³ÌÐòÀ´Íê³É¡£×î³£¼ûµÄÓ÷¨ÊÇ£º</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>crontab crontab-file</userinput></screen>
      
      <para>ÔÚÇ°ÃæµÄÀý×ÓÖУ¬ <filename>crontab-file</filename> ÊÇÒ»¸öÊÂÏÈдºÃµÄ
    <filename>crontab</filename>¡£</para>

      <para>»¹ÓÐÒ»¸öÑ¡ÏîÓÃÀ´Áгö°²×°µÄ <filename>crontab</filename> Îļþ£º
	Ö»Òª´«µÝ <option>-l</option> Ñ¡Ïî¸ø <command>crontab</command>
	È»ºó¿´Ò»ÏÂÊä³ö¡£</para>

      <para>Óû§Ïë²»ÓÃÄ£°å(ÒѾ­´æÔÚµÄÎļþ)¶øÖ±½Ó°²×°ËûµÄ crontab Îļþ£¬ÓÃ
	<command>crontab -e</command> Ñ¡ÏîÒ²ÊÇ¿ÉÒԵġ£
	Ëü½«»áÆô¶¯Ò»¸ö±à¼­Æ÷²¢ÇÒ´´½¨Ò»¸öÐÂÎļþ£¬µ±Õâ¸öÎļþ±»±£´æµÄʱºò£¬
	Ëü»á×Ô¶¯µÄÓà <command>crontab</command> À´°²×°Õâ¸öÎļþ¡£
      </para>
      
      <para>Èç¹ûÄúÉÔºóÏëÒª³¹µ×ɾ³ý×Ô¼ºµÄÓû§ <filename>crontab</filename>
	¿ÉÒÔʹÓà <command>crontab</command> µÄ <option>-r</option>
	Ñ¡Ïî¡£
      </para>

    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-rcd">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
        <author>
	 <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	 <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	 <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
	 <!-- 16 May 2003 -->
        </author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>ÔÚ &os; ÖÐʹÓà rc</title>

    <para>ÔÚ 2002 Ä꣬ &os; ÕûºÏÁËÀ´×Ô NetBSD µÄ
      <filename>rc.d</filename> ϵͳ£¬ ²¢Í¨¹ýËüÀ´Íê³ÉϵͳµÄ³õʼ»¯¹¤×÷¡£
      Óû§Òª×¢ÒâÔÚ
      <filename>/etc/rc.d</filename> Ŀ¼ÏµÄÎļþ¡£
      ÕâÀïÃæµÄÐí¶àÎļþÊÇÓÃÀ´¹ÜÀí»ù´¡·þÎñµÄ£¬ ËüÃÇ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý
      <option>start</option>¡¢ <option>stop</option>£¬
      ÒÔ¼° <option>restart</option> Ñ¡ÏîÀ´¿ØÖÆ¡£
      ¾ÙÀýÀ´Ëµ£¬ &man.sshd.8; ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁîÀ´ÖØÆô£º</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd restart</userinput></screen>

    <para>¶ÔÆäËü·þÎñµÄ²Ù×÷Óë´ËÀàËÆ¡£ µ±È»£¬ ÕâЩ·þÎñͨ³£ÊÇÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±¸ù¾Ý
      &man.rc.conf.5; ×Ô¶¯Æô¶¯µÄ¡£ ÀýÈ磬 ÒªÅäÖÃʹϵͳÆô¶¯Ê±Æô¶¯ÍøÂçµØַת»»·þÎñ£¬
      ¿ÉÒÔ¼òµ¥µØͨ¹ýÔÚ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÖмÓÈëÈçÏÂÉèÖÃÀ´Íê³É£º</para>

    <programlisting>natd_enable="YES"</programlisting>

    <para>Èç¹û <option>natd_enable="NO"</option> ÐÐÒѾ­´æÔÚ£¬
      Ö»Òª¼òµ¥µÄ°Ñ <option>NO</option> ¸Ä³É 
      <option>YES</option> ¼´¿É¡£
      rc ½Å±¾ÔÚÏ´ÎÖØÐÂÆô¶¯µÄʱºò»á×Ô¶¯µÄ×°ÔØËùÐèÒªµÄ·þÎñ£¬
      ÏñÏÂÃæËùÃèÊöµÄÄÇÑù¡£</para>

    <para>ÓÉÓÚ <filename>rc.d</filename>
      ϵͳÔÚϵͳÆô¶¯/¹Ø±ÕʱÊ×ÏÈÆô¶¯/Í£Ö¹·þÎñ£¬Èç¹ûÉèÖÃÁËÊʵ±µÄ
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ±äÁ¿£¬±ê×¼µÄ
      <option>start</option>¡¢<option>stop</option> ºÍ
      <option>restart</option> Ñ¡Ï»áÖ´ÐÐËûÃǵĶ¯×÷¡£ÀýÈç
      <command>sshd restart</command> ÃüÁîÖ»ÔÚ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
      ÖÐµÄ <varname>sshd_enable</varname> ÉèÖÃ³É <option>YES</option>
      µÄʱºò¹¤×÷¡£²»¹ÜÊÇ·ñÔÚ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÖÐÉèÖÃÁË£¬Òª
      <option>start</option>¡¢<option>stop</option> »òÕß <option>restart</option>
      Ò»¸ö·þÎñ£¬ÃüÁîÇ°¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓÉÏÒ»¸ö<quote>one</quote>ǰ׺¡£ÀýÈçÒª²»¹Ëµ±Ç°
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> µÄÉèÖÃÖØÐÂÆô¶¯
      <command>sshd</command>£¬Ö´ÐÐÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁ</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd onerestart</userinput></screen>

    <para>ÓÃÑ¡Ïî <option>rcvar</option> ¿ÉÒÔ¼òµ¥À´µÄ¼ì²é
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÖÐÓÃÊʵ±µÄ <filename>rc.d</filename>
      ½Å±¾Æô¶¯µÄ·þÎñÊÇ·ñ±»ÆôÓᣴӶø¹ÜÀíÔ±¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÕâÑùµÄ³ÌÐòÀ´¼ì²é
      <command>sshd</command> ÊÇ·ñÕæµÄÔÚ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
      Öб»Æô¶¯ÁË£º</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd rcvar</userinput>
# sshd
$sshd_enable=YES</screen>

    <note>
      <para>µÚ¶þÐÐ (<literal># sshd</literal>) ÊÇ´Ó
	<command>sshd</command> ÃüÁîÖÐÊä³öµÄ£¬¶ø²»ÊÇ
	<username>root</username> ¿ØÖÆ̨¡£</para>
    </note>

    <para>ΪÁËÈ·¶¨Ò»¸ö·þÎñÊÇ·ñÕæµÄÔÚÔËÐУ¬¿ÉÒÔÓà <option>status</option>
      Ñ¡Ïî¡£ÀýÈçÑéÖ¤ <command>sshd</command> ÊÇ·ñÕæµÄÆô¶¯ÁË£º</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd status</userinput>
sshd is running as pid 433.</screen>

    <para>ÓÐЩʱºòÒ²¿ÉÒÔ <option>reload</option> ·þÎñ¡£
      ÕâÒ»²Ù×÷ʵ¼ÊÉÏÊÇÏò·þÎñ·¢ËÍÒ»¸öÐźţ¬ À´Ç¿ÖÆÆäÖØмÓÔØÅäÖá£
      ¶àÊýÇé¿öÏ£¬ ·¢¸ø·þÎñµÄ»áÊÇ <literal>SIGHUP</literal>
      Ðźš£ ²¢·ÇËùÓзþÎñ¶¼Ö§³ÖÕâÒ»¹¦ÄÜ¡£</para>

    <para><filename>rc.d</filename> ϵͳ²»½öÓÃÓÚÍøÂç·þÎñ£¬
      ËüҲΪϵͳ³õʼ»¯ÖеĶàÊý¹ý³ÌÌṩ֧³Ö¡£
      ±ÈÈç <filename>bgfsck</filename> Îļþ£¬ µ±Ëü±»Ö´ÐÐʱ£¬
      ½«»á¸ø³öÏÂÊöÐÅÏ¢£º</para>

    <screen>Starting background file system checks in 60 seconds.</screen>

    <para>Õâ¸öÎļþÓÃ×öºǫ́Îļþϵͳ¼ì²é£¬ÏµÍ³³õʼ»¯µÄʱºòÍê³É¡£</para>

    <para>ºÜ¶àϵͳ·þÎñÒÀÀµÆäËû·þÎñÌṩµÄÏàÓ¦¹¦ÄÜ¡£ÀýÈ磬NIS ºÍÆäËû»ùÓÚ
      RPC µÄ·þÎñÆô¶¯¿ÉÄÜÔÚ <command>rpcbind</command> ·þÎñÆô¶¯Ö®Ç°Ê§°Ü¡£
      Òª½â¾öÕâ¸öÎÊÌ⣬ÒÀÀµ¹ØϵÐÅÏ¢ºÍÆäËûÍ·ÐÅÏ¢µ±×÷×¢Êͱ»°üº¬ÔÚÿ¸öÆô¶¯½Å±¾ÎļþµÄÇ°Ãæ¡£
      ³ÌÐòÔÚϵͳ³õʼ»¯Ê±·ÖÎöÕâЩעÊÍÒÔ¾ö¶¨µ÷ÓÃÆäËûϵͳ·þÎñÀ´Âú×ãÒÀÀµ¹Øϵ¡£</para>

    <para>ÏÂÃæµÄ×Ö¾ä±ØÐë±»°üº¬ÔÚËùÓеÄÆô¶¯½Å±¾ÎļþÀ
      £¨ËûÃǶ¼ÊÇ &man.rc.subr.8; ÓÃÀ´ <quote>enable</quote>
      Æô¶¯½Å±¾±ØÐèµÄ£©:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para><literal>PROVIDE</literal>: Ö¸¶¨´ËÎļþËùÌṩµÄ·þÎñµÄÃû×Ö¡£</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>ÒÔϵÄ×Ö¾ä¿ÉÒÔ±»°üº¬ÔÚÆô¶¯ÎļþµÄ¶¥²¿¡£ÑϸñÀ´ËµËûÃDz»ÊDZØÐèµÄ£¬
      µ«×÷Ϊ¶ÔÓÚ &man.rcorder.8; ÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄÌáʾ×÷Óãº</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para><literal>REQUIRE</literal>: Áгö´Ë·þÎñÆô¶¯Ö®Ç°ËùÐèÒªµÄÆäËû·þÎñ¡£
	  ´Ë½Å±¾ÌṩµÄ·þÎñ»áÔÚÖ¸¶¨µÄÄÇЩ·þÎñ <emphasis>Ö®ºó</emphasis>
	  Æô¶¯¡£</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><literal>BEFORE</literal>: ÁгöÒÀÀµ´Ë·þÎñµÄÆäËû·þÎñ¡£
	  ´Ë½Å±¾ÌṩµÄ·þÎñ½«ÔÚÖ¸¶¨µÄÄÇЩ·þÎñ <emphasis>֮ǰ</emphasis>
	  Æô¶¯¡£</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>ͨ¹ýÔÚÆô¶¯½Å±¾ÖÐ×ÐϸÉ趨ÕâЩ¹Ø¼ü×Ö£¬
      ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±¿ÉÒÔºÜÓÐÌõÀíµÄ¿ØÖƽű¾µÄÆô¶¯Ë³Ðò£¬
      ½ø¶ø±ÜÃâʹÓÃÏñÆäËû &unix; ²Ù×÷ϵͳÄÇÑù»ìÂÒµÄ
      <quote>runlevels</quote>¡£</para>

    <para>¸ü¶à¹ØÓÚ <filename>rc.d</filename> ϵͳµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬ ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ
      &man.rc.8; ºÍ &man.rc.subr.8; Áª»úÊÖ²áÖÐÕÒµ½¡£
      Èç¹ûÄúÓÐÒâ׫д×Ô¼ºµÄ <filename>rc.d</filename> ½Å±¾£¬
      »ò¶ÔÏÖÓеĽű¾½øÐÐһЩ¸Ä½ø£¬ Ò²¿ÉÒԲο¼
      <ulink url="&url.articles.rc-scripting">ÕâƪÎÄÕÂ</ulink>¡£</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="config-network-setup">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
        <author>
	 <firstname>Marc</firstname>
	 <surname>Fonvieille</surname>
	 <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
	 <!-- 6 October 2002 -->
        </author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>ÉèÖÃÍø¿¨</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>Íø¿¨</primary>
      <secondary>ÅäÖÃ</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃDz»¿ÉÏëÏóһ̨¼ÆËã»úûÓÐÍøÂçÁ¬½ÓµÄÇé¿ö¡£
      Ìí¼ÓºÍÅäÖÃÒ»¿éÍø¿¨ÊÇÈκΠ&os; ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄÒ»Ïî»ù±¾ÈÎÎñ¡£
    </para>

    <sect2>
      <title>²éÕÒÕýÈ·µÄÇý¶¯³ÌÐò</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>Íø¿¨</primary>
	<secondary>Çý¶¯³ÌÐò</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>ÔÚ¿ªÊ¼Ö®Ç°£¬ÄúÓ¦¸ÃÖªµÀÄúµÄÍø¿¨ÀàÐÍ£¬ËüÓõÄоƬºÍËüÊÇ PCI
	»¹ÊÇ ISA Íø¿¨¡£&os; Ö§³ÖºÜ¶àÖÖ PCI ºÍ ISA Íø¿¨¡£
	¿ÉÒԲ鿴ÄúµÄ°æ±¾Ó²¼þ¼æÈÝÐÔÁбíÒÔÈ·¶¨ÄúµÄÍø¿¨±»Ö§³Ö¡£
      </para>

      <para>È·ÈÏϵͳÄܹ»Ö§³ÖÄúµÄÍø¿¨Ö®ºó£¬ Äú»¹ÐèҪΪËüÑ¡ÔñºÏÊʵÄÇý¶¯³ÌÐò¡£
	<filename>/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES</filename> ºÍ
	<filename>/usr/src/sys/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/conf/NOTES</filename>
	½«ÎªÄúÌṩËùÖ§³ÖµÄһЩÍø¿¨ºÍоƬ×éµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£
	Èç¹ûÄú»³ÒÉÇý¶¯³ÌÐòÊÇ·ñʹËùÒªÕÒµÄÄÇÒ»¸ö£¬
	Çë²Î¿¼Çý¶¯³ÌÐòµÄÁª»úÊֲᡣ
	Áª»úÊֲὫÌṩ¹ØÓÚËùÖ§³ÖµÄÓ²¼þ¸üÏêϸµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬
	ÉõÖÁ»¹°üÀ¨¿ÉÄÜ·¢ÉúµÄÎÊÌâ¡£</para>

      <para>Èç¹ûÄúµÄÍø¿¨ºÜ³£¼ûµÄ»°£¬ ´ó¶àÊýʱºòÄú²»ÐèҪΪÇý¶¯À˷Ѿ«Á¦¡£
	³£ÓõÄÍø¿¨ÔÚ <filename>GENERIC</filename> ÄÚºËÖÐÒѾ­Ö§³ÖÁË£¬
	ËùÒÔÄúµÄÍø¿¨ÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±¾Í»áÏÔʾ³öÀ´£¬ÏñÊÇ£º</para>

<screen>dc0: &lt;82c169 PNIC 10/100BaseTX&gt; port 0xa000-0xa0ff mem 0xd3800000-0xd38
000ff irq 15 at device 11.0 on pci0
dc0: Ethernet address: 00:a0:cc:da:da:da
miibus0: &lt;MII bus&gt; on dc0
ukphy0: &lt;Generic IEEE 802.3u media interface&gt; on miibus0
ukphy0:  10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, auto
dc1: &lt;82c169 PNIC 10/100BaseTX&gt; port 0x9800-0x98ff mem 0xd3000000-0xd30
000ff irq 11 at device 12.0 on pci0
dc1: Ethernet address: 00:a0:cc:da:da:db
miibus1: &lt;MII bus&gt; on dc1
ukphy1: &lt;Generic IEEE 802.3u media interface&gt; on miibus1
ukphy1:  10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, auto</screen>

      <para>ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÖУ¬ÎÒÃÇ¿´µ½ÓÐÁ½¿éʹÓà &man.dc.4; Çý¶¯µÄÍø¿¨ÔÚϵͳÖС£</para>

      <para>Èç¹ûÄúµÄÍø¿¨Ã»ÓгöÏÖÔÚ
	<filename>GENERIC</filename> ÖУ¬ ÔòÐèÒªÊÖ¹¤¼ÓÔغÏÊʵÄÇý¶¯³ÌÐò¡£
	ÒªÍê³ÉÕâÏ×÷¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÏÂÃæÁ½ÖÖ·½·¨Ö®Ò»£º</para>

      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
	  <para>×î¼òµ¥µÄ°ì·¨ÊÇÓà &man.kldload.8; ¼ÓÔØÍø¿¨¶ÔÓ¦µÄÄÚºËÄ£¿é¡£
	    ³ý´ËÖ®Í⣬ ͨ¹ýÔÚ <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>
	    ÎļþÖмÓÈëÊʵ±µÄÉèÖ㬠Ҳ¿ÉÒÔÈÃϵͳÔÚÒýµ¼Ê±×Ô¶¯¼ÓÔØÕâЩģ¿é¡£
	    ²»¹ý£¬ ²¢²»ÊÇËùÓеÄÍø¿¨¶¼Äܹ»Í¨¹ýÕâÖÖ·½·¨Ìṩ֧³Ö£»
	    ISA Íø¿¨ÊDZȽϵäÐ͵ÄÀý×Ó¡£</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÁíÍ⣬ ÄúÒ²¿ÉÒÔ½«Íø¿¨µÄÖ§³Ö¾²Ì¬Áª±à½øÄںˡ£ ²ì¿´
	    <filename>/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES</filename>£¬
	    <filename>/usr/src/sys/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/conf/NOTES</filename>
	    ÒÔ¼°Çý¶¯³ÌÐòµÄÁª»úÊÖ²áÒÔÁ˽âÐèÒªÔÚÄúµÄÄÚºËÅäÖÃÎļþÖмÓһЩʲô¡£
	    ÒªÁ˽â¹ØÓÚÖØбàÒëÄں˵ĽøÒ»²½Ï¸½Ú£¬ Çë²Î¼û <xref
	    linkend="kernelconfig">¡£ Èç¹ûÄúµÄ¿¨ÔÚÒýµ¼Ê±¿ÉÒÔ±»ÄÚºË
	    (<filename>GENERIC</filename>) ʶ±ð£¬
	    ÄúÓ¦¸Ã²»ÐèÒª±àÒëеÄÄںˡ£</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <sect3 id="config-network-ndis">
	<title>ʹÓà &windows; NDIS Çý¶¯³ÌÐò</title>

	<indexterm><primary>NDIS</primary></indexterm>
	<indexterm><primary>NDISulator</primary></indexterm>
	<indexterm><primary>&windows; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò</primary></indexterm>
	<indexterm><primary>Microsoft Windows</primary></indexterm>
	<indexterm><primary>Microsoft Windows</primary>
	    <secondary>device drivers (É豸Çý¶¯)</secondary></indexterm>
	<indexterm><primary>KLD (kernel loadable
	  object)</primary></indexterm>
<!-- We should probably omit the expanded name, and add a <see> entry
for it.  Whatever is done must also be done to the same indexterm in
linuxemu/chapter.sgml -->

	<para>²»ÐÒµÄÊÇ£¬ Ðí¶à³§ÉÌÓÉÓÚÈÏΪÇý¶¯³ÌÐò»áÉæ¼°Ðí¶àÃô¸ÐµÄÉÌÒµ»úÃÜ£¬
	  ÖÁ½ñÈÔ²»Ô¸Ò⽫°ÑÇý¶¯³ÌÐò×÷Ϊ¿ª·ÅÔ´´úÂëÐÎʽ·¢²¼ÁÐÈëËûÃǵÄʱ¼ä±í¡£
	  Òò´Ë£¬ &os; ºÍÆäËû²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ¿ª·¢Õß¾ÍֻʣÏÂÁËÁ½ÖÖÑ¡Ôñ£º
	  Ҫô¾­Àú³¤Ê±¼äµÄÍ´¿à¹ý³ÌÀ´¶ÔÇý¶¯½øÐÐÄæÏò¹¤³Ì£¬
	  ҪôʹÓÃÏÖ´æµÄΪ
	  &microsoft.windows; ƽ̨ÌṩµÄÔ¤±àÒë°æ±¾µÄÇý¶¯³ÌÐò¡£
	  °üÀ¨²ÎÓë &os; ¿ª·¢µÄ¾ø´ó¶àÊý¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±£¬
	  ¶¼Ñ¡ÔñÁ˺óÒ»ÖÖ·½·¨¡£</para>

	<para>µÃÒæÓÚ Bill Paul (wpaul) µÄ¹¤×÷£¬ ´Ó
	  &os;&nbsp;5.3-RELEASE ¿ªÊ¼£¬ ÒѾ­¿ÉÒÔ <quote>Ö±½ÓµØ</quote>
	  Ö§³Ö ÍøÂçÇý¶¯½Ó¿Ú±ê×¼ (NDIS, Network Driver Interface Specification) ÁË¡£
	  &os; NDISulator (Ò²±»³ÆΪ Project Evil) ¿ÉÒÔÖ§³Ö¶þ½øÖÆÐÎʽµÄ
	  &windows; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò£¬ ²¢ÈÃËüÏàÐÅÕýÔÚÔËÐеÄÊÇ &windows;¡£ ÓÉÓÚ
	  &man.ndis.4; Çý¶¯Ê¹ÓõÄÊÇÓÃÓÚ &windows; µÄ¶þ½øÖÆÐÎʽµÄÇý¶¯£¬
	  Òò´ËËüÖ»ÄÜÔÚ &i386; ºÍ amd64 ϵͳÉÏʹÓá£</para>

	<note>
	  <para>&man.ndis.4; Çý¶¯ÔÚÉè¼ÆʱÖ÷ÒªÌṩÁË
	    PCI¡¢ CardBus ºÍ PCMCIA É豸µÄÖ§³Ö£¬
	    ¶ø USB É豸ĿǰÔòûÓÐÌṩ֧³Ö¡£</para>
	</note>

	<para>ҪʹÓà NDISulator£¬ ÄúÐèÒªÈý¼þ¶«Î÷£º</para>

	<orderedlist>
	 <listitem>
	  <para>Äں˵ÄÔ´´úÂë</para>
	 </listitem>
	 <listitem>
	  <para>¶þ½øÖÆÐÎʽµÄ &windowsxp; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò
	    (À©Õ¹ÃûΪ <filename>.SYS</filename>)</para>
	 </listitem>
	 <listitem>
	  <para>&windowsxp; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÅäÖÃÎļþ
	    (À©Õ¹ÃûΪ <filename>.INF</filename>)</para>
	 </listitem>
	</orderedlist>

	<para>ÄúÐèÒªÕÒµ½ÓÃÓÚÄúµÄ¿¨µÄÕâЩÎļþ¡£ Ò»°ã¶øÑÔ£¬
	  ÕâЩÎļþ¿ÉÒÔÔÚË濨¸½Ë굀 CD »òÖÆÔìÉ̵ÄÍøÕ¾ÉÏÕÒµ½¡£
	  ÔÚÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÖУ¬ ÎÒÃÇÓÃ
	  <filename>W32DRIVER.SYS</filename> ºÍ
	  <filename>W32DRIVER.INF</filename> À´±íʾÕâЩÎļþ¡£</para>

	<note>
	  <para>²»ÄÜÔÚ &os;/amd64 ÉÏʹÓà &windows;/i386 Çý¶¯³ÌÐò¡£
	    ±ØÐëʹÓà &windows;/amd64 Çý¶¯²ÅÄÜÔÚÆäÉÏÕý³£¹¤×÷¡£</para>
	</note>

	<para>½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄ²½ÖèÊǽ«¶þ½øÖÆÐÎʽµÄÇý¶¯³ÌÐò×é×°³ÉÄÚºËÄ£¿é¡£
	  ÒªÍê³ÉÕâÒ»ÈÎÎñ£¬ ÐèÒªÒÔ
	  <username>root</username> Óû§µÄÉí·ÝÖ´ÐÐ &man.ndisgen.8;£º</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ndisgen <replaceable>/path/to/W32DRIVER.INF</replaceable> <replaceable>/path/to/W32DRIVER.SYS</replaceable></userinput></screen>

	<para>&man.ndisgen.8; ÊÇÒ»¸ö½»»¥Ê½µÄ³ÌÐò£¬
	  Ëü»áÌáʾÄúÊäÈëËùÐèµÄһЩÆäËûµÄ¶îÍâÐÅÏ¢£»
	  ÕâЩ¹¤×÷Íê³ÉÖ®ºó£¬ Ëü»áÔÚµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼Éú³ÉÒ»¸öÄÚºËÄ£¿éÎļþ£¬
	  Õâ¸öÎļþ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÏÂÊöÃüÁîÀ´¼ÓÔØ£º</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload <replaceable>./W32DRIVER.ko</replaceable></userinput></screen>

	<para>³ýÁ˸ոÕÉú³ÉµÄÄÚºËÄ£¿éÖ®Í⣬
	  »¹±ØÐë¼ÓÔØ <filename>ndis.ko</filename> ºÍ
	  <filename>if_ndis.ko</filename> ÕâÁ½¸öÄÚºËÄ£¿é£¬ ÔÚÄú¼ÓÔØÐèÒª
	  &man.ndis.4; µÄÄ£¿éʱ£¬ ͨ³£ÏµÍ³»á×Ô¶¯Íê³ÉÕâÒ»²Ù×÷¡£
	  Èç¹ûÏ£ÍûÊÖ¹¤¼ÓÔØËüÃÇ£¬ Ôò¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÏÂÁÐÃüÁ</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload ndis</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload if_ndis</userinput></screen>

	<para>µÚÒ»¸öÃüÁî»á¼ÓÔØ  NDIS ÐäÕä¶Ë¿ÚÇý¶¯·â×°Ä£¿é£¬
	  ¶øµÚ¶þÌõÃüÁîÔò¼ÓÔØʵ¼ÊµÄÍøÂç½Ó¿Ú¡£</para>

	<para>ÏÖÔÚÇë²é¿´ &man.dmesg.8; À´Á˽âÊÇ·ñ·¢ÉúÁË´íÎó¡£
	  Èç¹ûÒ»ÇÐÕý³££¬ Äú»á¿´µ½ÀàËÆÏÂÃæµÄÊä³ö£º</para>

	<screen>ndis0: &lt;Wireless-G PCI Adapter&gt; mem 0xf4100000-0xf4101fff irq 3 at device 8.0 on pci1
ndis0: NDIS API version: 5.0
ndis0: Ethernet address: 0a:b1:2c:d3:4e:f5
ndis0: 11b rates: 1Mbps 2Mbps 5.5Mbps 11Mbps
ndis0: 11g rates: 6Mbps 9Mbps 12Mbps 18Mbps 36Mbps 48Mbps 54Mbps</screen>

	<para>ÕâÖ®ºó£¬ ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÏñʹÓÃÆäËüÍøÂç½Ó¿Ú
	  (ÀýÈç <devicename>dc0</devicename>) Ò»ÑùÀ´Ê¹ÓÃ
	  <devicename>ndis0</devicename> É豸ÁË¡£</para>

	<para>ÓëÈκÎÆäËüÄ£¿éÒ»Ñù£¬ ÄúÒ²¿ÉÒÔÅäÖÃϵͳ£¬
	  ÁîÆäÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±×Ô¶¯¼ÓÔØ NDIS Ä£¿é¡£ Ê×ÏÈ£¬ ½«Éú³ÉµÄÄ£¿é
	  <filename>W32DRIVER.ko</filename> ¸´ÖƵ½ <filename
	  class="directory">/boot/modules</filename> Ŀ¼ÖС£
	  ½ÓÏÂÀ´£¬ ÔÚ
	  <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> ÖмÓÈ룺</para>

	<programlisting>W32DRIVER_load="YES"</programlisting>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÅäÖÃÍø¿¨</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>Íø¿¨</primary>
	<secondary>ÅäÖÃ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>ÏÖÔÚÕýÈ·µÄÍø¿¨Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÒѾ­×°ÔØ£¬ÄÇô¾ÍÓ¦¸ÃÅäÖÃËüÁË¡£
	¸úÆäËûÅäÖÃÒ»Ñù£¬Íø¿¨¿ÉÒÔÔÚ°²×°Ê±ÓÃ
	<application> sysinstall </application> À´ÅäÖá£</para>

      <para>ÒªÏÔʾÄúϵͳÉϵÄÍøÂç½Ó¿ÚµÄÅäÖã¬ÊäÈëÏÂÁÐÃüÁ</para>

<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ifconfig</userinput>
dc0: flags=8843&lt;UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255
        ether 00:a0:cc:da:da:da
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX &lt;full-duplex&gt;)
        status: active
dc1: flags=8843&lt;UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255
        ether 00:a0:cc:da:da:db
        media: Ethernet 10baseT/UTP
        status: no carrier
lp0: flags=8810&lt;POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049&lt;UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 16384
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
tun0: flags=8010&lt;POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500</screen>

      <note>
	<para>ÀÏ°æ±¾µÄ &os; ¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÔÚ &man.ifconfig.8; ºóÃæ½Ó
	  <option>-a</option> Ñ¡ÏÐèÒªÁ˽â¸ü¶àµÄ &man.ifconfig.8;
	  Óï·¨Çë²éÔÄʹÓÃÊֲᡣעÒâËùÓйØÓÚ IPv6 (<literal>inet6</literal>
	  µÈµÈ) µÄ¼Ç¼ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÀﶼ±»ºöÂÔÁË¡£</para>
      </note>

      <para>ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÖУ¬ÏÔʾ³öÁËÏÂÁÐÉ豸£º</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para><devicename>dc0</devicename>: µÚÒ»¸öÒÔÌ«Íø½Ó¿Ú
	    </para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><devicename>dc1</devicename>: µÚ¶þ¸öÒÔÌ«Íø½Ó¿Ú
	    </para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><devicename>lp0</devicename>: ²¢Ðж˿ÚÍøÂç½Ó¿Ú
	    </para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><devicename>lo0</devicename>: »Ø»·É豸</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><devicename>tun0</devicename>: 
	    <application>ppp</application>ʹÓõÄËíµÀÉ豸</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>
	&os; ʹÓÃÄÚºËÒýµ¼Ê±¼ì²âµ½µÄÍø¿¨Çý¶¯Ë³ÐòÀ´ÃüÃûÍø¿¨¡£ÀýÈç
	<devicename>sis2</devicename> ÊÇϵͳÖÐʹÓà &man.sis.4;
	Çý¶¯µÄµÚÈý¿éÍø¿¨¡£
     </para>

      <para>ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÖУ¬<devicename>dc0</devicename>
	É豸ÆôÓÃÁË¡£Ö÷Òª±íÏÖÔÚ£º</para>

      <orderedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para><literal>UP</literal> ±íʾÕâ¿éÍø¿¨ÒѾ­ÅäÖÃÍê³É×¼±¸¹¤×÷¡£</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Õâ¿éÍø¿¨ÓÐÒ»¸ö Internet (<literal>inet</literal>) µØÖ·
	    (Õâ¸öÀý×ÓÖÐÊÇ <hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.1.3</hostid>)¡£</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ËüÓÐÒ»¸öÓÐЧµÄ×ÓÍøÑÚÂë (<literal>netmask</literal>£»
	    <hostid role="netmask">0xffffff00</hostid> µÈͬÓÚ
	    <hostid role="netmask">255.255.255.0</hostid>)¡£</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ËüÓÐÒ»¸öÓÐЧµÄ¹ã²¥µØÖ· (Õâ¸öÀý×ÓÖÐÊÇ
	    <hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.1.255</hostid>)¡£</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Íø¿¨µÄ MAC  (<literal>ether</literal>) µØÖ·ÊÇ
	    <hostid role="mac">00:a0:cc:da:da:da</hostid></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÎïÀí´«Êäý½éģʽ´¦ÓÚ×Ô¶¯Ñ¡Ôñ״̬
	    (<literal>media: Ethernet autoselect
	    (100baseTX &lt;full-duplex&gt;)</literal>)¡£ÎÒÃÇ¿´µ½
	    <devicename>dc1</devicename> ±»ÅäÖóÉÔËÐÐÔÚ
	    <literal>10baseT/UTP</literal> ģʽÏ¡£
	    ÒªÁ˽âÇý¶¯Ã½½éÀàÐ͵ĸü¶àÐÅÏ¢£¬
	    Çë²éÔÄËüÃǵÄʹÓÃÊֲᡣ</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Á¬½Ó״̬ (<literal>status</literal>)ÊÇ
	    <literal>active</literal>£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵Á¬½ÓÐźű»¼ì²âµ½ÁË¡£¶ÔÓÚ
	    <devicename>dc1</devicename>£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿´µ½
	    <literal>status: no carrier</literal>¡£
	    Õâͨ³£ÊÇÍøÏßûÓвåºÃ¡£</para>
	</listitem>
      </orderedlist>

      <para>Èç¹û &man.ifconfig.8; µÄÊä³öÏÔʾÁËÀàËÆÓÚ£º</para>

<screen>dc0: flags=8843&lt;BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
	        ether 00:a0:cc:da:da:da</screen>

      <para>µÄÐÅÏ¢£¬ÄÇô¾ÍÊÇ»¹Ã»ÓÐÅäÖÃÍø¿¨¡£</para>

      <para>ÒªÅäÖÃÍø¿¨£¬ÄúÐèÒª <username>root</username> ȨÏÞ¡£
	Íø¿¨ÅäÖÿÉÒÔͨ¹ýʹÓà &man.ifconfig.8; ÃüÁîÐз½Ê½À´Íê³É£¬
	µ«ÊÇÕâÑùÿ´ÎÆô¶¯¶¼Òª×öÒ»±é¡£·ÅÖÃÍø¿¨ÅäÖÃÐÅÏ¢µÄÎļþÊÇ
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>¡£</para>

      <para>ÓÃÄú×Ô¼ºÏ²»¶µÄ±à¼­Æ÷´ò¿ª <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>¡£
	²¢ÇÒÄúÐèҪΪÿһ¿éϵͳÖдæÔÚµÄÍø¿¨Ìí¼ÓÒ»ÐУ¬
	ÔÚÎÒÃǵÄÀý×ÓÖУ¬Ìí¼ÓÈçϼ¸ÐУº</para>

<programlisting>ifconfig_dc0="inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0"
ifconfig_dc1="inet 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 10baseT/UTP"</programlisting>

      <para>ÓÃ×Ô¼ºÕýÈ·µÄÉ豸ÃûºÍµØÖ·À´Ìæ»»Àý×ÓÖеÄ
	<devicename>dc0</devicename>£¬<devicename>dc1</devicename>
	µÈÄÚÈÝ¡£ÄúÓ¦¸ÃÓ¦¸Ã²éÔÄÍø¿¨Çý¶¯ºÍ &man.ifconfig.8;
	µÄÊÖ²áÒ³À´Á˽â¸÷Ñ¡ÏҲҪ²é¿´Ò»Ï &man.rc.conf.5;
	°ïÖúÒ³À´Á˽â <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> µÄÓï·¨¡£</para>

      <para>
	Èç¹ûÔÚ°²×°µÄʱºòÅäÖÃÁËÍøÂ磬¹ØÓÚÍø¿¨µÄһЩÐпÉÄÜÒѾ­´æÔÚÁË¡£
	ËùÒÔÔÚÌí¼ÓÐÂÐÐÇ°×Ðϸ¼ì²éһϠ<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>¡£
     </para>

      <para>
	ÄúÒ²¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª±à¼­ <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>
	À´Ìí¼Ó¾ÖÓòÍøÖв»Í¬µÄ»úÆ÷Ãû³ÆºÍ IP µØÖ·£¬Èç¹ûËüÃDz»´æÔÚ£¬²é¿´
	&man.hosts.5; °ïÖúºÍ <filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/hosts</filename>
	ÒÔ»ñµÃ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>²âÊԺ͵÷ÊÔ</title>

      <para>¶Ô <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
	×öÁ˱ØÒªµÄÐÞ¸ÄÖ®ºóÓ¦¸ÃÖØÆôϵͳÒÔÓ¦ÓöԽӿڵÄÐ޸ģ¬
	²¢ÇÒÈ·ÈÏϵͳÖØÆôºóûÓÐÈκÎÅäÖôíÎó¡£</para>

      <para>ϵͳÖØÆôºó¾ÍÓ¦¸Ã²âÊÔÍøÂç½Ó¿ÚÁË¡£</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>²âÊÔÒÔÌ«Íø¿¨</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>Íø¿¨</primary>
	  <secondary>²âÊÔ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>ΪÁËÈ·ÈÏÍø¿¨±»ÕýÈ·µÄÅäÖÃÁË£¬ÔÚÕâÀïÎÒÃÇÒª×öÁ½¼þÊÂÇé¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬
	  ping ×Ô¼ºµÄÍøÂç½Ó¿Ú£¬½Ó×Å ping ¾ÖÓòÍøÄÚµÄÆäËû»úÆ÷¡£</para>

	<para>Ê×ÏȲâÊÔ±¾µØ½Ó¿Ú£º</para>

<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ping -c5 192.168.1.3</userinput>
PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.082 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.074 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.076 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.108 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.076 ms

--- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.074/0.083/0.108/0.013 ms</screen>

	<para>ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸Ã ping ¾ÖÓòÍøÄÚµÄÆäËû»úÆ÷£º</para>

<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ping -c5 192.168.1.2</userinput>
PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.726 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.766 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.700 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.747 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.704 ms

--- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.700/0.729/0.766/0.025 ms</screen>

	<para>ÄúÈç¹ûÄúÉèÖÃÁË <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>
	  Îļþ£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓûúÆ÷ÃûÀ´Ìæ»» <hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.1.2</hostid>¡£</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>µ÷ÊÔ</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>Íø¿¨</primary>
	<secondary>¹ÊÕÏÅųý</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>µ÷ÊÔÓ²¼þºÍÈí¼þÅäÖÃÒ»Ö±ÊÇÒ»¼þÍ·Í´µÄÊÂÇ飬
	´Ó×î¼òµ¥µÄ¿ªÊ¼¿ÉÒÔ¼õÇáһЩʹ¿à¡£
	ÀýÈçÍøÏßÊÇ·ñ²åºÃÁË£¿ÊÇ·ñÅäÖúÃÁËÍøÂç·þÎñ£¿·À»ðǽÅäÖÃÕýÈ·Âð£¿
	ÊÇ·ñʹÓÃÁ˱» &os; Ö§³ÖµÄÍø¿¨£¿
	ÔÚ·¢ËÍ´íÎ󱨸æ֮ǰÄúÓ¦¸Ã²é¿´Ò»ÏÂÓ²¼þ˵Ã÷£¬
	Éý¼¶ &os; µ½×îÐ嵀 STABLE °æ±¾£¬
	¿´Ò»ÏÂÓʼþÁбí»òÕßÔÚ Internet ÉÏËÑË÷һϡ£</para>

      <para>Èç¹ûÍø¿¨¹¤×÷ÁË£¬
	µ«ÐÔÄܵÍÏ£¬Ó¦¸ÃºÃºÃÔĶÁһϠ&man.tuning.7; Áª»úÊֲᡣ
	ÄúÒ²¿ÉÒÔ¼ì²éÒ»ÏÂÍøÂçÅäÖã¬
	²»ÕýÈ·µÄÉèÖûᵼÖÂÂýËÙµÄÍøÂçÁ¬½Ó¡£</para>

      <para>һЩÓû§¿ÉÄÜ»áÔÚһЩÍø¿¨ÉϾ­ÀúÒ»µ½Á½´Î
	<errorname>device timeouts</errorname>£¬ Õâͨ³£ÊÇÕý³£ÏÖÏó¡£
	Èç¹û¾­³£ÕâÑùÉõÖÁÒýÆðÂé·³£¬ ÔòӦȷ¶¨Ò»ÏÂËü¸úÆäËûÉ豸ûÓгåÍ»¡£
	×Ðϸ¼ì²éÍøÏßÁ¬½Ó£¬ »òÕß»»Ò»¿éÍø¿¨¡£</para>

      <para>ÓÐʱÓû§»á¿´µ½ÉÙÁ¿ <errorname>watchdog timeout</errorname>
	´íÎó¡£ ÕâÖÖÇé¿öÒª×öµÄµÚÒ»¼þʾÍÊǼì²éÏßÀÂÁ¬½Ó¡£
	һЩÍø¿¨ÐèÒªÖ§³Ö×ÜÏß¿ØÖÆµÄ PCI ²å²Û¡£
	ÔÚһЩÀϵÄÖ÷°åÉÏ£¬Ö»ÓÐÒ»¸ö PCI ²å²ÛÖ§³Ö (Ò»°ãÊÇ slot 0)¡£
	¼ì²éÍø¿¨ºÍÖ÷°å˵Ã÷ÊéÀ´È·¶¨ÊDz»ÊÇÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ¡£</para>

      <para><errorname>No route to host</errorname>
	ͨ³£·¢ÉúÔÚÈç¹ûϵͳ²»ÄÜ·¢ËÍÒ»¸ö·Óɵ½Ä¿µÄÖ÷»úµÄ°üµÄʱºò¡£
	ÕâÔÚûÓÐÖ¸¶¨Ä¬ÈÏ·ÓÉ»òÕßÍøÏßûÓвåÉÏʱ»á·¢Éú¡£
	¼ì²é <command>netstat -rn</command>
	µÄÊä³ö²¢È·ÈÏÓÐÒ»¸öÓÐЧµÄ·ÓÉÄܵ½´ïÏàÓ¦µÄÖ÷»ú¡£
	Èç¹ûûÓУ¬Çë²éÔÄ <xref linkend="advanced-networking">¡£</para>

      <para><errorname>ping: sendto: Permission denied</errorname>
	´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¾­³£ÓÉ·À»ðǽµÄÅäÖôíÎóÒýÆð¡£
	Èç¹û <command>ipfw</command> ÔÚÄÚºËÖÐÆôÓÃÁ˵«ÊÇûÓж¨Òå¹æÔò£¬
	ÄÇôĬÈϵĹæÔò¾ÍÊǾܾøËùÓÐͨѶ£¬ÉõÖÁ ping ÇëÇó£¡
	²éÔÄ <xref linkend="firewalls"> ÒÔÁ˽â¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£</para>

      <para>ÓÐʱÍø¿¨ÐÔÄܵÍÏ»òÕßµÍÓÚƽ¾ùˮƽ£¬
	ÕâÖÖÇé¿ö×îºÃ°Ñ´«Êäý½éģʽ´Ó <literal>autoselect</literal>
	¸Ä±äΪÕýÈ·µÄ´«Êä½éÖÊģʽ¡£
	Õâͨ³£¶Ô´ó¶àÊýÓ²¼þÓÐÓ㬠µ«¿ÉÄܲ»»á½â¾öËùÓÐÈ˵ÄÎÊÌâ¡£
	½Ó×Å£¬¼ì²éËùÓÐÍøÂçÉèÖ㬲¢ÇÒÔĶÁ &man.tuning.7; ÊÖ²áÒ³¡£</para>

      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-virtual-hosts">
    <title>ÐéÄâÖ÷»ú</title>

    <indexterm><primary>ÐéÄâÖ÷»ú</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm><primary>IP ±ðÃû</primary></indexterm>

    <para> &os;  µÄÒ»¸öºÜÆÕͨµÄÓÃ;ÊÇÐéÄâÖ÷»úÕ¾µã£¬
      Ò»¸ö·þÎñÆ÷ÐéÄâ³ÉºÜ¶à·þÎñÆ÷Ò»ÑùÌṩÍøÂç·þÎñ¡£
      Õâͨ¹ýÔÚÒ»¸ö½Ó¿ÚÉϰ󶨶à¸öÍøÂçµØÖ·À´ÊµÏÖ¡£</para>

    <para>Ò»¸öÌض¨µÄÍøÂç½Ó¿ÚÓÐÒ»¸ö<quote>Õæʵ</quote>µÄµØÖ·£¬
      Ò²¿ÉÄÜÓÐһЩ<quote>±ðÃû</quote>µØÖ·¡£ÕâЩ±ðÃûͨ³£ÓÃ
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÖеļǼÀ´Ìí¼Ó¡£</para>

    <para>Ò»¸ö <devicename>fxp0</devicename> µÄ±ðÃû¼Ç¼ÀàËÆÓÚ£º</para>

<programlisting>ifconfig_fxp0_alias0="inet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"</programlisting>

    <para>
      ¼Çס±ðÃû¼Ç¼±ØÐë´Ó <literal>alias0</literal>
      ¿ªÊ¼²¢ÇÒ°´Ë³ÐòµÝÔö(ÀýÈç <literal>_alias1</literal>¡¢
      <literal>_alias2</literal>)¡£
      ÅäÖóÌÐò½«»áÍ£Ö¹ÔÚµÚÒ»¸öȱÉÙµÄÊý×ֵĵط½¡£</para>

    <para>
      ¼ÆËã±ðÃûµÄ×ÓÍøÑÚÂëÊǺÜÖØÒªµÄ£¬ÐÒÔ˵ÄÊÇËüºÜ¼òµ¥¡£
      ¶ÔÓÚÒ»¸ö½Ó¿ÚÀ´Ëµ£¬±ØÐëÓÐÒ»¸öÃèÊö×ÓÍøÑÚÂëµÄµØÖ·¡£
      ÈκÎÔÚÕâ¸öÍø¶ÎϵĵØÖ·±ØÐëÓÐÒ»¸öÈ«ÊÇ <literal>1</literal>
      µÄ×ÓÍøÑÚÂë(ͨ³£±íʾΪ
      <hostid role="netmask">255.255.255.255</hostid> »ò
      <hostid role="netmask">0xffffffff</hostid>¡£</para>

    <para>¾ÙÀýÀ´Ëµ£¬ ¼ÙÉèʹÓÃ
      <devicename>fxp0</devicename> Á¬½Óµ½Á½¸öÍøÂ磬
      ·Ö±ðÊÇ <hostid role="ipaddr">10.1.1.0</hostid>£¬
      Æä×ÓÍøÑÚÂëΪ <hostid role="netmask">255.255.255.0</hostid>£¬
      ÒÔ¼° <hostid role="ipaddr">202.0.75.16</hostid>£¬
      Æä×ÓÍøÑÚÂëΪ <hostid role="netmask">255.255.255.240</hostid>¡£
      ÎÒÃÇÏ£Íû´Ó <hostid role="ipaddr">10.1.1.1</hostid>
      µ½ <hostid role="ipaddr">10.1.1.5</hostid> ÒÔ¼°´Ó
      <hostid role="ipaddr">202.0.75.17</hostid> µ½
      <hostid role="ipaddr">202.0.75.20</hostid> µÄµØÖ·Äܹ»»¥Ïà·ÃÎÊ¡£
      ÈçÇ°ËùÊö£¬ Ö»ÓÐÁ½¸öÍø¶ÎÖеĵÚÒ»¸öµØÖ· (±¾ÀýÖУ¬
      <hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.1.1</hostid> ºÍ
      <hostid role="ipaddr">202.0.75.17</hostid>) ӦʹÓÃÕæʵµÄ×ÓÍøÑÚÂ룻
      ÆäÓàµÄ (<hostid role="ipaddr">10.1.1.2</hostid>
      µ½ <hostid role="ipaddr">10.1.1.5</hostid> ÒÔ¼°
      <hostid role="ipaddr">202.0.75.18</hostid> µ½
      <hostid role="ipaddr">202.0.75.20</hostid>) Ôò±ØÐëÅäÖÃΪʹÓÃ
      <hostid role="netmask">255.255.255.255</hostid> ×÷Ϊ×ÓÍøÑÚÂë¡£</para>

    <para>ÏÂÃæÊǸù¾ÝÉÏÊöÃèÊöËù½øÐÐµÄ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
      ÅäÖãº</para>

    <programlisting>ifconfig_fxp0="inet 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias0="inet 10.1.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias1="inet 10.1.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias2="inet 10.1.1.4 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias3="inet 10.1.1.5 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias4="inet 202.0.75.17 netmask 255.255.255.240"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias5="inet 202.0.75.18 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias6="inet 202.0.75.19 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias7="inet 202.0.75.20 netmask 255.255.255.255"</programlisting>

  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-configfiles">
    <title>ÅäÖÃÎļþ</title>

    <sect2>
      <title><filename>/etc</filename> ²¼¾Ö</title>
      <para>ÔÚÅäÖÃÐÅÏ¢ÖÐÓкܶàµÄĿ¼£¬ÕâЩ°üÀ¨£º</para>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	<tgroup cols="2">
	  <colspec colwidth="1*">
	  <colspec colwidth="2*">

	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/etc</filename></entry>
	      <entry>Ò»°ãµÄϵͳÅäÖÃÐÅÏ¢¡£Õâ¶ùµÄÊý¾ÝÊÇÓëÌض¨ÏµÍ³Ïà¹ØµÄ¡£</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/etc/defaults</filename></entry>
	      <entry>ϵͳÅäÖÃÎļþµÄĬÈÏ°æ±¾¡£</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/etc/mail</filename></entry>
	      <entry>¶îÍâµÄ &man.sendmail.8; ÅäÖÃÐÅÏ¢£¬ÆäËû MTA ÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£
	      </entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/etc/ppp</filename></entry>
	      <entry>ÓÃÓÚÓû§¼¶ºÍÄں˼¶ ppp ³ÌÐòµÄÅäÖá£
	      </entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/etc/namedb</filename></entry>
	      <entry>&man.named.8; Êý¾ÝµÄĬÈÏλÖá£Í¨³£ <filename>named.conf</filename> ºÍÇøÓòÎļþ´æ·ÅÔÚÕâÀï¡£</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/usr/local/etc</filename></entry>
	      <entry>±»°²×°µÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£¿ÉÒԲο¼Ã¿¸öÓ¦ÓóÌÐòµÄ×ÓĿ¼¡£</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename></entry>
	      <entry>±»°²×°³ÌÐòµÄ Æô¶¯/Í£Ö¹ ½Å±¾¡£</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/var/db</filename></entry>
	      <entry>Ìض¨ÏµÍ³×Ô¶¯²úÉúµÄÊý¾Ý¿âÎļþ£¬Ïñ package Êý¾Ý¿â£¬Î»ÖÃÊý¾Ý¿âµÈµÈ¡£</entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Ö÷»úÃû</title>

      <indexterm><primary>Ö÷»úÃû</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>DNS</primary></indexterm>

      <sect3>
	<title><filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename></title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary><filename>resolv.conf</filename></primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para><filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> ָʾÁË &os; ÈçºÎ·ÃÎÊÓòÃûϵͳ(DNS)¡£</para>

	<para><filename>resolv.conf</filename> ÖÐ×î³£¼ûµÄ¼Ç¼ÊÇ£º
	</para>

	<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	  <tgroup cols="2">
	  <colspec colwidth="1*">
	  <colspec colwidth="2*">

	    <tbody>
	      <row>
		<entry><literal>nameserver</literal></entry>
		<entry>°´Ë³ÐòÒª²éѯµÄÃû×Ö·þÎñÆ÷µÄ IP µØÖ·£¬×î¶àÈý¸ö¡£</entry>
	      </row>
	      <row>
		<entry><literal>search</literal></entry>
		<entry>
		ËÑË÷»úÆ÷ÃûµÄÁÐ±í¡£Õâͨ³£Óɱ¾µØ»úÆ÷ÃûµÄÓò¾ö¶¨¡£</entry>
	      </row>
	      <row>
		<entry><literal>domain</literal></entry>
		<entry>±¾µØÓòÃû¡£</entry>
	      </row>
	    </tbody>
	  </tgroup>
	</informaltable>

	<para>Ò»¸öµäÐ굀 <filename>resolv.conf</filename> Îļþ£º</para>

	<programlisting>search example.com
nameserver 147.11.1.11
nameserver 147.11.100.30</programlisting>

	<note><para>Ö»ÄÜʹÓÃÒ»¸ö <literal>search</literal> ºÍ
	  <literal>domain</literal> Ñ¡Ïî¡£</para></note>

	<para>Èç¹ûÄúÔÚʹÓà DHCP£¬&man.dhclient.8; ¾­³£Ê¹ÓÃ´Ó DHCP
	  ·þÎñÆ÷½ÓÊÜÀ´µÄÐÅÏ¢ÖØд <filename>resolv.conf</filename>¡£</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title><filename>/etc/hosts</filename></title>

	<indexterm><primary>Ö÷»ú</primary></indexterm>

	<para><filename>/etc/hosts</filename> ÊÇ Internet
	  ÔçÆÚʹÓõÄÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥Îı¾Êý¾Ý¿â¡£
	  Ëü½áºÏ DNS ºÍ NIS ÌṩÃû×Öµ½ IP µØÖ·µÄÓ³Éä¡£
	  ͨ¹ý¾ÖÓòÍøÁ¬½ÓµÄ»úÆ÷¿ÉÒÔÓÃÕâ¸ö¼òµ¥µÄÃüÃû·½°¸À´Ìæ´úÉèÖÃÒ»¸ö
	  &man.named.8; ·þÎñÆ÷¡£ÁíÍ⣬<filename>/etc/hosts</filename>
	  Ò²¿ÉÒÔÌṩһ¸ö Internet Ãû³ÆµÄ±¾µØ¼Í¼ÒÔ¼õÇáÐèÒª´ÓÍⲿ²éѯ´øÀ´µÄ¸ºµ£¡£</para>

	<programlisting># &dollar;&os;&dollar;
#
#
# Host Database
#
# This file should contain the addresses and aliases for local hosts that
# share this file.  Replace 'my.domain' below with the domainname of your
# machine.
#
# In the presence of the domain name service or NIS, this file may
# not be consulted at all; see /etc/nsswitch.conf for the resolution order.
#
#
::1			localhost localhost.my.domain
127.0.0.1		localhost localhost.my.domain
#
# Imaginary network.
#10.0.0.2		myname.my.domain myname
#10.0.0.3		myfriend.my.domain myfriend
#
# According to RFC 1918, you can use the following IP networks for
# private nets which will never be connected to the Internet:
#
#	10.0.0.0	-   10.255.255.255
#	172.16.0.0	-   172.31.255.255
#	192.168.0.0	-   192.168.255.255
#
# In case you want to be able to connect to the Internet, you need
# real official assigned numbers.  Do not try to invent your own network
# numbers but instead get one from your network provider (if any) or
# from your regional registry (ARIN, APNIC, LACNIC, RIPE NCC, or AfriNIC.)
#</programlisting>

	<para><filename>/etc/hosts</filename> Óüòµ¥µÄ¸ñʽ£º</para>

	<programlisting>[Internet address] [official hostname] [alias1] [alias2] ...</programlisting>

	<para>ÀýÈ磺</para>

	<programlisting>10.0.0.1 myRealHostname.example.com myRealHostname foobar1 foobar2</programlisting>

	<para>²Î¿¼ &man.hosts.5; ÒÔ»ñµÃ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÈÕÖ¾ÎļþÅäÖÃ</title>

      <indexterm><primary>ÈÕÖ¾Îļþ</primary></indexterm>

      <sect3>
	<title><filename>syslog.conf</filename></title>

	<indexterm><primary>syslog.conf</primary></indexterm>

	<para><filename>syslog.conf</filename> ÊÇ &man.syslogd.8; ³ÌÐòµÄÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£
	ËüÖ¸³öÁ赀  <command>syslog</command> ÄÄÖÖÐÅÏ¢ÀàÐͱ»´æ´¢ÔÚÌض¨µÄÈÕÖ¾ÎļþÖС£</para>

	<programlisting># &dollar;&os;&dollar;
#
#       Spaces ARE valid field separators in this file. However,
#       other *nix-like systems still insist on using tabs as field
#       separators. If you are sharing this file between systems, you
#       may want to use only tabs as field separators here.
#       Consult the syslog.conf(5) manual page.
*.err;kern.debug;auth.notice;mail.crit          /dev/console
*.notice;kern.debug;lpr.info;mail.crit;news.err /var/log/messages
security.*                                      /var/log/security
mail.info                                       /var/log/maillog
lpr.info                                        /var/log/lpd-errs
cron.*                                          /var/log/cron
*.err                                           root
*.notice;news.err                               root
*.alert                                         root
*.emerg                                         *
# uncomment this to log all writes to /dev/console to /var/log/console.log
#console.info                                   /var/log/console.log
# uncomment this to enable logging of all log messages to /var/log/all.log
#*.*                                            /var/log/all.log
# uncomment this to enable logging to a remote log host named loghost
#*.*                                            @loghost
# uncomment these if you're running inn
# news.crit                                     /var/log/news/news.crit
# news.err                                      /var/log/news/news.err
# news.notice                                   /var/log/news/news.notice
!startslip
*.*                                             /var/log/slip.log
!ppp
*.*                                             /var/log/ppp.log</programlisting>

	<para>²Î¿¼ &man.syslog.conf.5; ÊÖ²áÒ³ÒÔ»ñµÃ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title><filename>newsyslog.conf</filename></title>

	<indexterm><primary>newsyslog.conf</primary></indexterm>

	<para><filename>newsyslog.conf</filename> ÊÇÒ»¸öͨ³£ÓÃ
	  &man.cron.8; ¼Æ»®ÔËÐÐµÄ &man.newsyslog.8; ³ÌÐòµÄÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£
	  &man.newsyslog.8; Ö¸³öÁËʲôʱºòÈÕÖ¾ÎļþÐèÒª´ò°ü»òÕßÖØÐÂÕûÀí¡£
	  ±ÈÈç <filename>logfile</filename> ±»Òƶ¯µ½
	  <filename>logfile.0</filename>£¬<filename>logfile.0</filename>
	  ±»Òƶ¯µ½ <filename>logfile.1</filename> µÈµÈ¡£ÁíÍ⣬ÈÕÖ¾Îļþ¿ÉÒÔÓÃ
	  &man.gzip.1; À´Ñ¹Ëõ£¬ËüÃÇÊÇÕâÑùµÄÃüÃû¸ñʽ£º
	  <filename>logfile.0.gz</filename>£¬<filename>logfile.1.gz</filename>
	  µÈµÈ¡£</para>

	<para><filename>newsyslog.conf</filename>
	  Ö¸³öÁËÄĸöÈÕÖ¾ÎļþÒª±»¹ÜÀí£¬Òª±£Áô¶àÉÙºÍËüÃÇʲôʱºò±»´´½¨¡£
	  ÈÕÖ¾Îļþ¿ÉÒÔÔÚËüÃÇ´ïµ½Ò»¶¨´óС»òÕßÔÚÌض¨µÄÈÕÆÚ±»ÖØÐÂÕûÀí¡£</para>

	<programlisting># configuration file for newsyslog
# &dollar;&os;&dollar;
#
# filename          [owner:group]    mode count size when [ZB] [/pid_file] [sig_num]
/var/log/cron                           600  3     100  *     Z
/var/log/amd.log                        644  7     100  *     Z
/var/log/kerberos.log                   644  7     100  *     Z
/var/log/lpd-errs                       644  7     100  *     Z
/var/log/maillog                        644  7     *    @T00  Z
/var/log/sendmail.st                    644  10    *    168   B
/var/log/messages                       644  5     100  *     Z
/var/log/all.log                        600  7     *    @T00  Z
/var/log/slip.log                       600  3     100  *     Z
/var/log/ppp.log                        600  3     100  *     Z
/var/log/security                       600  10    100  *     Z
/var/log/wtmp                           644  3     *    @01T05 B
/var/log/daily.log                      640  7     *    @T00  Z
/var/log/weekly.log                     640  5     1    $W6D0 Z
/var/log/monthly.log                    640  12    *    $M1D0 Z
/var/log/console.log                    640  5     100  *     Z</programlisting>

	<para>²Î¿¼ &man.newsyslog.8; ÊÖ²áÒ³ÒÔ»ñµÃ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="configtuning-sysctlconf">
      <title><filename>sysctl.conf</filename></title>

      <indexterm><primary>sysctl.conf</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>sysctl</primary></indexterm>

      <para><filename>sysctl.conf</filename> ºÍ
	<filename>rc.conf</filename> ÕâÁ½¸öÎļþµÄ·ç¸ñºÜ½Ó½ü¡£ ÆäÖеÄÅäÖþùΪ
	<literal>±äÁ¿=Öµ</literal>
	ÕâÑùµÄÐÎʽ¡£ ÔÚÕâ¸öÎļþÖÐÅäÖõÄÖµ£¬ ¾ù»áÔÚϵͳ½øÈë¶àÓû§Ä£Ê½Ö®ºó½øÐÐʵ¼ÊµÄÐ޸IJÙ×÷¡£
	ÐèҪעÒâµÄÊÇ£¬ ²¢²»ÊÇËùÓеıäÁ¿¶¼Äܹ»ÔÚ¶àÓû§Ä£Ê½ÏÂÐ޸ġ£</para>

      <para>Èç¹ûÏ£Íû¹Ø±Õ¶ÔÊÕµ½ÖÂÃüµÄÐźÅÍ˳öµÄ½ø³Ì½øÐмǼ£¬
	²¢×èÖ¹ÆÕͨÓû§¿´µ½ÆäËûÓû§µÄ½ø³Ì£¬ ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ <filename>sysctl.conf</filename>
	ÖнøÐÐÏÂÁÐÅäÖãº</para>

      <programlisting># ²»¼Ç¼ÓÉÓÚÖÂÃüÐźŵ¼ÖµĽø³ÌÍ˳ö (ÀýÈçÐźŠ11£¬·ÃÎÊÔ½½ç)
kern.logsigexit=0

# ×èÖ¹Óû§¿´µ½ÒÔÆäËûÓû§ UID Éí·ÝÖ´ÐеĽø³Ì¡£
security.bsd.see_other_uids=0</programlisting>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-sysctl">
    <title>Óà sysctl ½øÐе÷Õû</title>

    <indexterm><primary>sysctl</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>µ÷Õû</primary>
      <secondary>ÒÔ sysctl</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>&man.sysctl.8; ÊÇÒ»¸öÔÊÐíÄú¸Ä±äÕýÔÚÔËÐÐÖÐµÄ &os;
      ϵͳµÄ½Ó¿Ú¡£Ëü°üº¬Ò»Ð© TCP/IP ¶ÑÕ»ºÍÐéÄâÄÚ´æϵͳµÄ¸ß¼¶Ñ¡Ï
      Õâ¿ÉÒÔÈÃÓо­ÑéµÄ¹ÜÀíÔ±Ìá¸ßÒýÈËעĿµÄϵͳÐÔÄÜ¡£ÓÃ
      &man.sysctl.8; ¿ÉÒÔ¶ÁÈ¡ÉèÖó¬¹ýÎå°Ù¸öϵͳ±äÁ¿¡£</para>

    <para>»ùÓÚÕâµã£¬&man.sysctl.8; ÌṩÁ½¸ö¹¦ÄÜ£º¶ÁÈ¡ºÍÐÞ¸ÄϵͳÉèÖá£</para>

    <para>²é¿´ËùÓпɶÁ±äÁ¿£º</para>

    <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sysctl -a</userinput></screen>

    <para>¶ÁÒ»¸öÖ¸¶¨µÄ±äÁ¿£¬ÀýÈç <varname>kern.maxproc</varname>£º</para>

    <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sysctl kern.maxproc</userinput>
kern.maxproc: 1044</screen>

    <para>ÒªÉèÖÃÒ»¸öÖ¸¶¨µÄ±äÁ¿£¬Ö±½ÓÓÃ
      <replaceable>variable</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable>
      ÕâÑùµÄÓï·¨£º</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000</userinput>
kern.maxfiles: 2088 -&gt; 5000</screen>

    <para>sysctl ±äÁ¿µÄÉèÖÃͨ³£ÊÇ×Ö·û´®¡¢Êý×Ö»òÕß²¼¶ûÐÍ¡£
      (²¼¶ûÐÍÓà <literal>1</literal> À´±íʾ'yes'£¬ÓÃ
      <literal>0</literal> À´±íʾ'no')¡£</para>

    <para>Èç¹ûÄãÏëÔÚÿ´Î»úÆ÷Æô¶¯Ê±×Ô¶¯ÉèÖÃijЩ±äÁ¿£¬
      ¿É½«ËüÃǼÓÈëµ½Îļþ <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>
      Ö®ÖС£¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢£¬Çë²ÎÔÄÊÖ²áÒ³ &man.sysctl.conf.5; ¼°
      <xref linkend="configtuning-sysctlconf">¡£</para>

  <sect2 id="sysctl-readonly">
    <sect2info>
      <authorgroup>
        <author>
	 <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	 <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	 <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
	 <!-- 31 January 2003 -->
        </author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect2info>
    <title>Ö»¶ÁµÄ &man.sysctl.8;</title>

    <para>ÓÐʱ¿ÉÄÜ»áÐèÒªÐÞ¸ÄijЩֻ¶ÁµÄ &man.sysctl.8;
      µÄÖµ¡£ ¾¡¹ÜÓÐʱ²»µÃ²»ÕâÑù×ö£¬
      µ«Ö»ÓÐͨ¹ý(ÖØÐÂ)Æô¶¯²ÅÄÜ´ïµ½ÕâÑùµÄÄ¿µÄ¡£</para>

    <para>ÀýÈçһЩϥÉÏÐ͵çÄ﵀ &man.cardbus.4;
      É豸²»»á̽²âÄڴ淶Χ£¬²¢ÇÒ²úÉú¿´ËÆÓÚÕâÑùµÄ´íÎó£º</para>

    <screen>cbb0: Could not map register memory
device_probe_and_attach: cbb0 attach returned 12</screen>

    <para>ÏñÉÏÃæµÄ´íÎóͨ³£ÐèÒªÐÞ¸ÄһЩֻ¶ÁµÄ &man.sysctl.8;
      ĬÈÏÉèÖá£ÒªÊµÏÖÕâµã£¬Óû§¿ÉÒÔÔÚ±¾µØµÄ
      <filename>/boot/loader.conf.local</filename> ÀïÃæ·ÅÒ»¸ö
      &man.sysctl.8; <quote>OIDs</quote>¡£ÄÇЩÉèÖö¨Î»ÔÚ
      <filename>/boot/defaults/loader.conf</filename> ÎļþÖС£</para>

    <para>ÐÞ¸´ÉÏÃæµÄÎÊÌâÓû§ÐèÒªÔÚ¸Õ²ÅËù˵µÄÎļþÖÐÉèÖÃ
      <option>hw.pci.allow_unsupported_io_range=1</option>¡£ÏÖÔÚ
      &man.cardbus.4; ¾Í»áÕý³£µÄ¹¤×÷ÁË¡£</para>

    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-disk">
    <title>µ÷Õû´ÅÅÌ</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>Sysctl ±äÁ¿</title>

      <sect3>
	<title><varname>vfs.vmiodirenable</varname></title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary><varname>vfs.vmiodirenable</varname></primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para><varname>vfs.vmiodirenable</varname> sysctl
	  ±äÁ¿¿ÉÒÔÉèÖóÉ0(¹Ø)»òÕß1(¿ª)£»Ä¬ÈÏÊÇ1¡£
	  Õâ¸ö±äÁ¿¿ØÖÆĿ¼ÊÇ·ñ±»ÏµÍ³»º´æ¡£´ó¶àÊýĿ¼ÊÇСµÄ£¬
	  ÔÚϵͳÖÐֻʹÓõ¥¸öƬ¶Ï(µäÐ͵ÄÊÇ1K)²¢ÇÒÔÚ»º´æÖÐʹÓõĸüС
	  (µäÐ͵ÄÊÇ512×Ö½Ú)¡£µ±Õâ¸ö±äÁ¿ÉèÖÃΪ¹Ø±Õ (<literal>0</literal>) ʱ£¬
	  »º´æÆ÷½ö½ö»º´æ¹Ì¶¨ÊýÁ¿µÄĿ¼£¬¼´Ê¹ÄúÓкܴóµÄÄÚ´æ¡£
	  ¶ø½«Æ俪Æô (ÉèÖÃΪ1) ʱ£¬ ÔòÔÊÐí»º´æÆ÷Óà VM
	  Ò³Ã滺´æÀ´»º´æÕâЩĿ¼£¬ÈÃËùÓпÉÓÃÄÚ´æÀ´»º´æĿ¼¡£
	  ²»ÀûµÄÊÇ×îСµÄÓÃÀ´»º´æĿ¼µÄºËÐÄÄÚ´æÊÇ´óÓÚ 512
	  ×Ö½ÚµÄÎïÀíÒ³Ãæ´óС(ͨ³£ÊÇ 4k)¡£
	  ÎÒÃǽ¨ÒéÈç¹ûÄúÔÚÔËÐÐÈκβÙ×÷´óÁ¿ÎļþµÄ³ÌÐòʱ±£³ÖÕâ¸öÑ¡Ïî´ò¿ªµÄĬÈÏÖµ¡£
	  ÕâЩ·þÎñ°üÀ¨ web »º´æ£¬´óÈÝÁ¿ÓʼþϵͳºÍÐÂÎÅϵͳ¡£
	  ¾¡¹Ü¿ÉÄÜ»áÀË·ÑһЩÄڴ棬µ«´ò¿ªÕâ¸öÑ¡Ïîͨ³£²»»á½µµÍÐÔÄÜ¡£
	  µ«»¹ÊÇÓ¦¸Ã¼ìÑéһϡ£</para>
      </sect3>

     <sect3>
 	<title><varname>vfs.write_behind</varname></title>

 	<indexterm>
 	  <primary><varname>vfs.write_behind</varname></primary>
 	</indexterm>

 	<para><varname>vfs.write_behind</varname> sysctl
	  ±äÁ¿Ä¬ÈÏÊÇ <literal>1</literal> (´ò¿ª)¡£
	  Ëü¸æËßÎļþϵͳ´Ø±»ÊÕ¼¯ÂúµÄʱºò°ÑÄÚÈÝд½ø½éÖÊ£¬
	  µäÐ͵ÄÊÇÔÚдÈë´óµÄÁ¬ÐøµÄÎļþʱ¡£
	  Ö÷ÒªµÄÏë·¨ÊÇ£¬ Èç¹û¿ÉÄÜ¶Ô I/O ÐÔÄÜ»á²úÉú¸ºÃæÓ°Ïìʱ£¬
 	  Ó¦¾¡Á¿±ÜÃâÈûº³å»º´æ±»Î´Í¬²½»º³åÇø³äÂú¡£
	  È»¶øËü¿ÉÄܽµµÍ´¦ÀíËٶȲ¢ÇÒÔÚijЩÇé¿öÏÂÄú¿ÉÄÜÏëÒª¹Ø±ÕËü¡£</para>
       </sect3>

       <sect3>
 	<title><varname>vfs.hirunningspace</varname></title>

 	<indexterm>
 	  <primary><varname>vfs.hirunningspace</varname></primary>
 	</indexterm>

 	<para><varname>vfs.hirunningspace</varname> sysctl
	  ±äÁ¿¾ö¶¨ÁËÔÚÈκθø¶¨Çé¿öÏ£¬
	  ÓжàÉÙд I/O ±»ÅŽø¶ÓÁÐÒÔ¸øϵͳµÄ´ÅÅÌ¿ØÖÆÆ÷¡£
	  ĬÈÏÖµÒ»°ãÊÇ×ã¹»µÄ£¬µ«ÊǶÔÓкܶà´ÅÅ̵ĻúÆ÷À´ËµÄú¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª°ÑËüÉèÖóÉ
	  4M »ò 5M¡£×¢ÒâÕâ¸öÉèÖóɺܸߵÄÖµ(³¬¹ý»º´æÆ÷µÄд¼«ÏÞ)»áµ¼Ö»µµÄÐÔÄÜ¡£
	  ²»ÒªÃ¤Ä¿µÄ°ÑËüÉèÖÃÌ«¸ß£¡¸ßµÄÊýÖµ»áµ¼ÖÂͬʱ·¢ÉúµÄ¶Á²Ù×÷µÄ³ÙÑÓ¡£</para>

 	<para>sysctl Öл¹ÓÐÐí¶àÓë buffer cache ºÍ VMÒ³Ãæ cache
	  ÓйصÄÖµ£¬ Ò»°ã²»ÍƼöÐÞ¸ÄËüÃÇ¡£
	  ÐéÄâÄÚ´æϵͳÒѾ­Äܹ»ºÜºÃµØ½øÐÐ×Ô¶¯µ÷ÕûÁË¡£</para>
       </sect3>

       <sect3>
 	<title><varname>vm.swap_idle_enabled</varname></title>

 	<indexterm>
 	  <primary><varname>vm.swap_idle_enabled</varname></primary>
 	</indexterm>

 	<para><varname>vm.swap_idle_enabled</varname> sysctl
	  ±äÁ¿ÔÚÓкܶàÓû§½øÈë¡¢À뿪ϵͳºÍÓкܶà¿ÕÏнø³ÌµÄ´óµÄ¶àÓû§ÏµÍ³ÖкÜÓÐÓá£
	  ÕâЩϵͳעÖØÔÚ¿ÕÏеÄÄÚ´æÖмä²úÉúÁ¬ÐøѹÁ¦µÄ´¦Àí¡£Í¨¹ý
	  <varname>vm.swap_idle_threshold1</varname> ºÍ
	  <varname>vm.swap_idle_threshold2</varname> ´ò¿ªÕâ¸öÌØÐÔ²¢ÇÒµ÷Õû½»»»Öͺó
	  (ÔÚ¿ÕÏÐʱ)ÔÊÐíÄú½µµÍÄÚ´æÒ³ÖпÕÏнø³ÌµÄÓÅÏÈȨ£¬´Ó¶ø±ÈÕý³£µÄ³öÒ³
	  (pageout)Ëã·¨¸ü¿ì¡£Õâ¸ø³öÒ³ÊØ»¤½ø³Ì´øÀ´ÁË°ïÖú¡£
	  ³ý·ÇÄúÐèÒª·ñÔò²»Òª°ÑÕâ¸öÑ¡Ïî´ò¿ª£¬ÒòΪÄúËùȨºâµÄÊǸü¿ìµØ½øÈëÄڴ棬
	  Òò¶øËü»á³Ôµô¸ü¶àµÄ½»»»ºÍ´ÅÅÌ´ø¿í¡£ÔÚСµÄϵͳÉÏËü»áÓоö¶¨ÐÔµÄЧ¹û£¬
	  µ«ÊÇÔÚ´óµÄϵͳÉÏËüÒѾ­×öÁ˺ÏÊʵÄÒ³Ãæµ÷¶ÈÕâ¸öÑ¡ÏîÔÊÐí VM
	  ϵͳÈÝÒ×µÄÈÃÈ«²¿µÄ½ø³Ì½ø³öÄÚ´æ¡£</para>
       </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title><varname>hw.ata.wc</varname></title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary><varname>hw.ata.wc</varname></primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>&os;&nbsp;4.3 ÖÐĬÈϽ« IDE µÄд»º´æ¹ØµôÁË¡£ Õâ»á½µµÍµ½ IDE
	  ´ÅÅÌÓÃÓÚдÈë²Ù×÷µÄ´ø¿í£¬ µ«ÎÒÃÇÈÏΪÕâÓÐÖúÓÚ±ÜÃâÓ²Å̳§ÉÌËùÒýÈëµÄ£¬
	  ¿ÉÄÜÒýÖÂÑÏÖصÄÊý¾Ý²»Ò»ÖÂÎÊÌâ¡£ ÕâÀàÎÊÌâʵ¼ÊÉÏÊÇÓÉÓÚ IDE
	  Ó²Å̾Íд²Ù×÷Íê³ÉÕâ¼þʵIJ»³Ïʵµ¼Öµġ£ µ±ÆôÓÃÁË IDE дÈ뻺´æʱ£¬
	  IDE Ó²ÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷²»µ«²»»á°´Ë³Ðò½«Êý¾Ýдµ½ÅÌÉÏ£¬ ¶øÇÒµ±´ÅÅ̳ÐÊÜÖØÔØʱ£¬
	  ËüÉõÖÁ»á×Ô×÷Ö÷ÕŵضÔÍƳÙijЩ¿éµÄʵ¼Êд²Ù×÷¡£ ÕâÑùÒ»À´£¬
	  ÔÚϵͳ·¢Éú±ÀÀ£»òµôµçʱ£¬ ¾Í»áµ¼ÖÂÑÏÖصÄÎļþϵͳË𻵡£
	  »ùÓÚÕâЩ¿¼ÂÇ£¬ ÎÒÃǽ« &os; µÄĬÈÏÅäÖøijÉÁ˸üΪ°²È«µÄ½ûÓà IDE
	  дÈ뻺´æ¡£ È»¶ø²»ÐÒµÄÊÇ£¬ ÕâÑù×öµ¼ÖÂÁËÐÔÄܵĴó·ù½µµÍ£¬
	  Òò´ËÔÚºóÀ´µÄ·¢ÐаæÖÐÕâ¸öÅäÖÃÓÖ¸ÄΪĬÈÏÆôÓÃÁË¡£
	  Äú¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý¹Û²ì <varname>hw.ata.wc</varname> sysctl ±äÁ¿£¬
	  À´È·ÈÏÄúµÄϵͳÖÐËù²ÉÓõÄĬÈÏÖµ¡£ Èç¹û IDE д»º´æ±»½ûÓã¬
	  Äú¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý½«Äں˱äÁ¿ÉèÖÃΪ 1 À´ÆôÓÃËü¡£ ÕâÒ»²Ù×÷±ØÐëÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±Í¨¹ý
	  boot loader À´Íê³É¡£ ÔÚÄÚºËÆô¶¯Ö®ºó³¢ÊÔÕâô×öÊÇûÓÐÈκÎ×÷Óõġ£</para>

	<para>ÒªÁ˽â¸ü¶àµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬Çë²éÔÄ &man.ata.4;¡£</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title><literal>SCSI_DELAY</literal>
	(<varname>kern.cam.scsi_delay</varname>)</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary><varname>kern.cam.scsi_delay</varname></primary>
	</indexterm>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>kernel options</primary>
	  <secondary><literal>SCSI_DELAY</literal></secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para><literal>SCSI_DELAY</literal> ÄÚºËÅäÖûáËõ¶ÌϵͳÆô¶¯Ê±¼ä¡£
	  ĬÈÏÖµÔÚϵͳÆô¶¯¹ý³ÌÖÐÓÐ <literal>15</literal> ÃëµÄ³ÙÑÓʱ¼ä£¬
	  ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö×ã¹»¶àÇÒ¿É¿¿µÄÖµ¡£°ÑËü¼õÉÙµ½ <literal>5</literal>
	  ͨ³£Ò²Äܹ¤×÷(ÌرðÊÇÏÖ´úµÄÇý¶¯Æ÷)¡£ÐÂһЩµÄ &os;
	  (5.0 »ò¸ü¸ß°æ±¾) Ó¦¸ÃÓÃÆô¶¯Ê±¿Ì¿Éµ÷Õû
	  <varname>kern.cam.scsi_delay</varname>¡£
	  Õâ¸ö¿Éµ÷ÕûµÄºÍÄÚºËÅäÖÃÑ¡Ïî½ÓÊܵÄÖµÊÇ
	  <emphasis>ºÁÃë</emphasis> <emphasis>²»ÊÇ
	  </emphasis> <emphasis>Ãë</emphasis> ¡£</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="soft-updates">
      <title>Soft Updates</title>

      <indexterm><primary>Soft Updates</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>tunefs</primary></indexterm>

      <para>&man.tunefs.8; ³ÌÐòÄܹ»ÓÃÀ´ºÜºÃµÄµ÷ÕûÎļþϵͳ¡£
	Õâ¸ö³ÌÐòÓкܶ಻ͬµÄÑ¡Ïµ«ÊÇÏÖÔÚÖ»½éÉÜ Soft Updates
	µÄ´ò¿ªºÍ¹Ø±Õ£¬ÕâÑù×ö£º</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs -n enable /filesystem</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs -n disable /filesystem</userinput></screen>

      <para>ÔÚÎļþϵͳ±»¹ÒÔØÖ®ºó²»ÄÜÓà &man.tunefs.8; À´Ð޸ġ£´ò¿ª
	Soft Updates µÄ×î¼Ñʱ»úÊÇÔÚµ¥Óû§Ä£Ê½ÏÂÈκηÖÇø±»±»¹ÒÔØÇ°¡£</para>

      <para>
	Soft Updates ¼«´óµØ¸ÄÉÆÁËÔªÊý¾ÝÐ޸ĵÄÐÔÄÜ£¬
	Ö÷ÒªÊÇÎļþ´´½¨ºÍɾ³ý£¬Í¨¹ýÄڴ滺´æ¡£ÎÒÃǽ¨ÒéÄúÔÚËùÓеÄÎļþϵͳÉÏʹÓÃ
	Soft Updates¡£Ó¦¸ÃÖªµÀ Soft Updates µÄÁ½µã£ºÊ×ÏÈ£¬ Soft Updates
	±£Ö¤Á˱ÀÀ£ºóµÄÎļþϵͳÍêÕûÐÔ£¬µ«ÊǺܿÉÄÜÓм¸ÃëÖÓ (ÉõÖÁÒ»·ÖÖÓ£¡)
	֮ǰµÄÊý¾ÝûÓÐдµ½ÎïÀí´ÅÅÌ¡£Èç¹ûÄúµÄϵͳ±ÀÀ£ÁËÄú¿ÉÄܻᶪʧºÜ¶à¹¤×÷¡£
	µÚ¶þ£¬SoftUpdates ÍƳÙÎļþϵͳ¿éµÄÊÍ·Åʱ¼ä¡£Èç¹ûÔÚÎļþϵͳ
	(ÀýÈç¸ùÎļþϵͳ)¿ìÂúÁ˵ÄÇé¿ö϶Ôϵͳ½øÐдó¹æÄ£µÄÉý¼¶±ÈÈç
	<command>make installworld</command>£¬
	¿ÉÄÜ»áÒýÆð´ÅÅ̿ռ䲻×ã´Ó¶øÔì³ÉÉý¼¶Ê§°Ü¡£
      </para>

      <sect3>
	<title>Soft Updates µÄÏêϸ×ÊÁÏ</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>Soft Updates</primary>
	  <secondary>Ïêϸ×ÊÁÏ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>
	  ÓÐÁ½ÖÖ´«Í³µÄ·½·¨À´°ÑÎļþϵͳµÄÔªÊý¾Ý (meta-data) дÈë´ÅÅÌ¡£
	  (Meta-data¸üÐÂÊǸüÐÂÀàËÆ inodes »òÕßĿ¼ÕâЩûÓÐÄÚÈݵÄÊý¾Ý)</para>

	<para>
	  ´ÓÇ°£¬Ä¬ÈÏ·½·¨ÊÇͬ²½¸üÐÂÕâЩԪÊý¾Ý(meta-data)¡£
	  Èç¹ûÒ»¸öĿ¼¸Ä±äÁË£¬ÏµÍ³ÔÚÕæÕýдµ½´ÅÅÌ֮ǰһֱµÈ´ý¡£
	  ÎļþÊý¾Ý»º´æ(ÎļþÄÚÈÝ)ÔÚÕâÖ®ºóÒÔ·Çͬ²½ÐÎʽдÈë¡£
	  Õâô×öÓÐÀûµÄÒ»µãÊDzÙ×÷°²È«¡£Èç¹û¸üÐÂʱ·¢Éú´íÎó£¬ÔªÊý¾Ý(meta-data)
	  Ò»Ö±´¦ÓÚÍêÕû״̬¡£ÎļþÒª²»¾Í±»ÍêÕûµÄ´´½¨Òª²»¸ù±¾¾Í²»´´½¨¡£
	  Èç¹û±ÀÀ£Ê±ÕÒ²»µ½ÎļþµÄÊý¾Ý¿é£¬&man.fsck.8;
	  ¿ÉÒÔÕÒµ½²¢ÇÒÒÀ¿¿°ÑÎļþ´óСÉèÖÃΪ 0 À´ÐÞ¸´Îļþϵͳ¡£
	  ÁíÍ⣬Õâô×ö¼ÈÇå³þÓÖ¼òµ¥¡£È±µãÊÇÔªÊý¾Ý(meta-data)¸üкÜÂý¡£ÀýÈç
	  <command>rm -r</command> ÃüÁÒÀ´Î´¥¼°Ä¿Â¼ÏµÄËùÓÐÎļþ£¬
	  µ«ÊÇÿ¸öĿ¼µÄ¸Ä±ä(ɾ³ýÒ»¸öÎļþ)¶¼ÒªÍ¬²½Ð´Èë´ÅÅÌ¡£
	  Õâ°üº¬Ëü×Ô¼º¸üÐÂĿ¼£¬inode ±íºÍ¿ÉÄܶÔÎļþ·ÖÉ¢µÄ¿éµÄ¸üС£
	  ͬÑùÎÊÌâ³öÏÖ´óµÄÎļþ²Ù×÷ÉÏ(±ÈÈç <command>tar -x</command>)¡£</para>

	<para>
	  µÚ¶þÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇ·Çͬ²½ÔªÊý¾Ý¸üС£ÕâÊÇ Linux/ext2fs ºÍ *BSD ufs µÄ
	  <command>mount -o async</command> ĬÈϵķ½·¨¡£ËùÓÐÔªÊý¾Ý¸üÐÂÒ²ÊÇͨ¹ý»º´æ¡£
	  Ò²¾ÍÊÇËüÃÇ»á»ìºÏÔÚÎļþÄÚÈÝÊý¾Ý¸üÐÂÖС£
	  Õâ¸ö·½·¨µÄÓŵãÊDz»ÐèÒªµÈ´ýÿ¸öÔªÊý¾Ý¸üж¼Ð´µ½´ÅÅÌÉÏ£¬
	  ËùÒÔËùÓÐÒýÆðÔªÊý¾Ý¸üдóµÄ²Ù×÷±Èͬ²½·½Ê½¸ü¿ì¡£Í¬Ñù£¬
	  Õâ¸ö·½·¨Ò²ÊÇÇå³þÇÒ¼òµ¥µÄ£¬ËùÒÔ´úÂëÖеÄ©¶´·çÏÕºÜС¡£
	  ȱµãÊDz»Äܱ£Ö¤ÎļþϵͳµÄ״̬һÖÂÐÔ¡£Èç¹û¸üдóÁ¿ÔªÊý¾Ýʱʧ°Ü
	  (ÀýÈçµôµç»òÕß°´ÁËÖØÆô°´Å¥)£¬Îļþϵͳ»á´¦ÔÚ²»¿ÉÔ¤ÖªµÄ״̬¡£
	  ϵͳÔÙÆô¶¯Ê±Ã»Óлú»á¼ì²éÎļþϵͳµÄ״̬£»inode
	  ±í¸üеÄʱºò¿ÉÄÜÎļþµÄÊý¾Ý¿éÒѾ­Ð´Èë´ÅÅÌÁ˵«ÊÇÏà¹ØÁªµÄĿ¼ûÓУ¬È´²»ÄÜÓÃ
	  <command>fsck</command>  ÃüÁîÀ´ÇåÀí(ÒòΪ´ÅÅÌÉÏûÓÐËùÐèÒªµÄÐÅÏ¢)¡£
	  Èç¹ûÎļþϵͳÐÞ¸´ºóËð»µÁË£¬Î¨Ò»µÄÑ¡ÔñÊÇʹÓà &man.newfs.8; ²¢ÇÒ´Ó±¸·ÝÖлָ´Ëü¡£
	</para>

	<para>
	  Õâ¸öÎÊÌâͨ³£µÄ½â¾ö°ì·¨ÊÇʹÓà <emphasis>dirty region logging</emphasis>
	  »òÕß <emphasis>journaling</emphasis>
	  ¾¡¹ÜËü²»ÊÇÒ»¹áµÄ±»Ê¹Óò¢ÇÒÓÐʱºòÓ¦Óõ½ÆäËûµÄÊÂÎñ¼Í¼ÖиüºÃ¡£
	  ÕâÖÖ·½·¨ÔªÊý¾Ý¸üÐÂÒÀȻͬ²½Ð´È룬µ«ÊÇֻдµ½´ÅÅ̵ÄÒ»¸öСÇøÓò¡£
	  ¹ýºóËûÃǽ«»á±»Òƶ¯µ½ÕýÈ·µÄλÖá£ÒòΪ¼Í¼ÇøºÜС£¬
	  ´ÅÅÌÉϽӽüµÄÇøÓò´ÅÍ·²»ÐèÒªÒƶ¯ºÜ³¤µÄ¾àÀ룬ËùÒÔÕâЩ±Èдͬ²½¿ìһЩ¡£
	  ÁíÍâÕâ¸ö·½·¨µÄ¸´ÔÓÐÔÓÐÏÞ£¬ËùÒÔ³öÏÖ´íÎóµÄ»ú»áÒ²ºÜÉÙ¡£È±µãÊÇÔªÊý¾ÝҪдÁ½´Î
	  (Ò»´Îдµ½¼Í¼ÇøÓò£¬Ò»´Îдµ½ÕýÈ·µÄÇøÓò)¡£Õý³£Çé¿öÏ£¬
	  ±¯¹ÛµÄÐÔÄÜ¿ÉÄܻᷢÉú¡£´ÓÁíÒ»·½ÃæÀ´½²£¬
	  ±ÀÀ£µÄʱºòËùÓÐδ·¢ÉúµÄÔªÊý¾Ý²Ù×÷¿ÉÒԺܿìµÄÔÚϵͳÆô¶¯Ö®ºó´Ó¼Ç¼Öлָ´¹ýÀ´¡£
	</para>

	<para>Kirk McKusick£¬²®¿ËÀû FFS µÄ¿ª·¢Õߣ¬Óà Soft Updates
	  ½â¾öÁËÕâ¸öÎÊÌ⣺ԪÊý¾Ý¸üб£´æÔÚÄÚ´æÖв¢ÇÒ°´ÕÕÅÅÁеÄ˳ÐòдÈëµ½´ÅÅÌ
	  (<quote>ÓÐÐòµÄÔªÊý¾Ý¸üÐÂ</quote>)¡£ÕâÑùµÄ½á¹ûÊÇ£¬ÔÚ·±ÖصÄÔªÊý¾Ý²Ù×÷ÖУ¬
	  Èç¹ûÏÈÇ°µÄ¸üл¹ÔÚÄÚ´æÖÐûÓбðд½ø´ÅÅÌ£¬ºóÀ´µÄ¸üоͻᲶ׽µ½¡£
	  ËùÒÔËùÓеÄĿ¼²Ù×÷ÔÚд½ø´ÅÅ̵ÄʱºòÊ×ÏÈÔÚÄÚ´æÖÐÖ´ÐÐ
	  (Êý¾Ý¿é°´ÕÕËüÃǵÄλÖÃÀ´ÅÅÁУ¬ËùÒÔËüÃDz»»áÔÚÔªÊý¾ÝÇ°±»Ð´Èë)¡£
	  Èç¹ûϵͳ±ÀÀ£ÁËÕ⽫µ¼ÖÂÒ»¸ö¹Ì¶¨µÄ <quote>ÈÕÖ¾»ØË·</quote>£º
	  ËùÓв»ÖªÈçºÎдÈë´ÅÅ̵IJÙ×÷¶¼ÏñûÓз¢Éú¹ýÒ»Ñù¡£ÎļþϵͳµÄÒ»ÖÂÐÔ±£³ÖÔÚ
	  30 µ½ 60 Ãë֮ǰ¡£Ëü±£Ö¤ÁËËùÓÐÕýÔÚʹÓõÄ×ÊÔ´±»±ê¼ÇÀýÈç¿éºÍ inodes¡£±ÀÀ£Ö®ºó£¬
	  ΨһµÄ×ÊÔ´·ÖÅä´íÎóÊÇÒ»¸öʵ¼ÊÊÇ<quote>¿ÕÏÐ</quote>µÄ×ÊÔ´µÄ×ÊÔ´±»±ê¼ÇΪ<quote>ʹÓÃ</quote>¡£
	  &man.fsck.8; ¿ÉÒÔÈϳöÕâÖÖÇé¿ö²¢ÇÒÊͷŲ»ÔÙʹÓõÄ×ÊÔ´¡£Ëü¶ÔÓÚºöÂÔ±ÀÀ£ºóÓÃ
	  <command>mount -f</command> Ç¿ÖƹÒÉϵÄÎļþϵͳµÄ´íÎó״̬ÊÇ°²È«µÄ¡£
	  ΪÁËÊÍ·Å¿ÉÄÜûÓÐʹÓõÄ×ÊÔ´£¬&man.fsck.8; ÐèÒªÔÚ¹ýºóµÄʱ¼äÔËÐС£Ò»¸öÖ÷ÒâÊÇÓÃ
	  <emphasis>ºǫ́ fsck</emphasis>£ºÏµÍ³Æô¶¯µÄʱºòÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸öÎļþϵͳµÄ
	  <emphasis>¿ìÕÕ</emphasis> ±»¼Ç¼ÏÂÀ´¡£<command>fsck</command>
	  ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¹ýºóÔËÐС£ËùÓÐÎļþϵͳ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ<quote>ÓдíÎó</quote>µÄʱºò±»¹Ò½Ó£¬
	  ËùÒÔϵͳ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¶àÓû§Ä£Ê½ÏÂÆô¶¯¡£½Ó×Å£¬ºǫ́ <command>fsck</command>
	  ¿ÉÒÔÔÚËùÓÐÎļþϵͳÐèÒªµÄʱºòÆô¶¯À´ÊÍ·Å¿ÉÄÜûÓÐʹÓõÄ×ÊÔ´¡£
	  (¾¡¹ÜÕâÑù£¬²»Óà Soft Updates µÄÎļþϵͳÒÀÈ»ÐèҪͨ³£µÄ
	  <command>fsck</command>¡£)
	</para>

	<para>
	  ËüµÄÓŵãÊÇÔªÊý¾Ý²Ù×÷¼¸ºõ¸ú·Çͬ²½Ò»Ñù¿ì
	  (Ò²¾ÍÊDZÈÐèÒªÁ½´ÎÔªÊý¾Ýд²Ù×÷µÄ <emphasis>logging</emphasis>
	  ¸ü¿ì)¡£È±µãÊÇ´úÂëµÄ¸´ÔÓÐÔ(Òâζ×ŶÔÓÚ¶ªÊ§Óû§Ãô¸ÐÊý¾ÝÓиü¶àµÄ·çÏÕ)
	  ºÍ¸ßµÄÄÚ´æʹÓÃÁ¿¡£ÁíÍâËüÓÐЩÌصãÐèÒªÖªµÀ¡£±ÀÀ£Ö®ºó£¬
	  Îļþϵͳ״̬»á<quote>Âäºó</quote>һЩ¡£Í¬²½µÄ·½·¨ÓÃ
	  <command>fsck</command> ºóÔÚһЩµØ·½¿ÉÄܲúÉúһЩÁã×Ö½ÚµÄÎļþ£¬
	  ÕâЩÎļþÔÚÓà Soft Updates Îļþϵͳ֮ºó²»»á´æÔÚ£¬
	  ÒòΪԪÊý¾ÝºÍÎļþÄÚÈݸù±¾Ã»ÓÐд½ø´ÅÅÌ(¿ÉÄÜ·¢ÉúÔÚÔËÐÐ
	  <command>rm</command> Ö®ºó)¡£Õâ¿ÉÄÜÔÚÎļþϵͳÉÏ°²×°´óÁ¿Êý¾ÝʱºòÒý·¢ÎÊÌ⣬
	  ûÓÐ×ã¹»µÄÊ£Óà¿Õ¼äÀ´Á½´Î´æ´¢ËùÓÐÎļþ¡£</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-kernel-limits">
    <title>µ÷ÕûÄÚºËÏÞÖÆ</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>µ÷Õû</primary>
      <secondary>ÄÚºËÏÞÖÆ</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <sect2 id="file-process-limits">
      <title>Îļþ/½ø³ÌÏÞÖÆ</title>

      <sect3 id="kern-maxfiles">
	<title><varname>kern.maxfiles</varname></title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary><varname>kern.maxfiles</varname></primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para><varname>kern.maxfiles</varname> ¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾ÝϵͳµÄÐèÒªÊʵ±Ôö¼õ¡£
	  Õâ¸ö±äÁ¿ÓÃÓÚÖ¸¶¨ÔÚϵͳÖÐÔÊÐíµÄÎļþÃèÊö·ûµÄ×î´óÊýÁ¿¡£
	  µ±ÎļþÃèÊö·û±íÂúµÄʱºò£¬
	  <errorname>file: table is full</errorname>
	  »áÔÚϵͳÏûÏ¢»º³åÇøÖз´¸´³öÏÖ£¬ Äú¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ
	  <command>dmesg</command> ÃüÁîÀ´¹Û²ìÕâÒ»ÏÖÏó¡£</para>

	<para>ÿ¸ö´ò¿ªµÄÎļþ¡¢ Ì×½Ó×ֺ͹ܵÀ£¬ ¶¼»áÕ¼ÓÃÒ»¸öÎļþÃèÊö·û¡£
	  ÔÚ´óÐÍÉú²ú·þÎñÆ÷ÉÏ£¬ ¿ÉÄÜ»áÇáÒ×µØÓõôÊýǧ¸öÎļþÃèÊö·û£¬
	  ¾ßÌåÓÃÁ¿È¡¾öÓÚ·þÎñµÄÀàÐͺͲ¢ÐÐÆô¶¯µÄ·þÎñÊýÁ¿¡£</para>

	<para>ÔÚÔçÆÚ°æ±¾µÄ &os; ÖУ¬ <varname>kern.maxfiles</varname> µÄĬÈÏÖµ£¬
	  ÊǸù¾ÝÄúÄÚºËÅäÖÃÎļþÖÐµÄ <option>maxusers</option> Ñ¡Ïî¼ÆËãµÄ¡£
          <varname>kern.maxfiles</varname> Õâ¸öÊýÖµ£¬
          »áËæ <option>maxusers</option> ³É±ÈÀýµØÔö¼õ¡£
          µ±±àÒ붨ÖƵÄÄÚºËʱ£¬ °´ÕÕÄúϵͳµÄÓÃ;À´ÐÞ¸ÄÕâ¸öÖµÊǸöºÃÖ÷Òâ¡£
          Õâ¸öÊý×Öͬʱ»¹¾ö¶¨Äں˵ÄÐí¶àÔ¤ÉèµÄÏÞÖÆÖµ¡£ ÓÐʱ£¬
          ¾¡¹Ü²¢²»»áÕæµÄÓÐ 256 ¸öÓû§Í¬Ê±Á¬½Óһ̨Éú²ú·þÎñÆ÷£¬
          µ«¶ÔÓڸ߸ºÔØµÄ web ·þÎñÆ÷¶øÑÔ£¬ È´¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÓëÖ®ÀàËƵÄ×ÊÔ´¡£</para>

        <para>±äÁ¿ <varname>kern.maxusers</varname>
          »áÔÚϵͳÆô¶¯Ê±£¬ ¸ù¾Ý¿ÉÓÃÄÚ´æµÄ³ß´ç½øÐмÆË㣬 ÔÚÄں˿ªÊ¼ÔËÐÐÖ®ºó£¬
          ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÖ»¶ÁµÄ <varname>kern.maxusers</varname> sysctl ±äÁ¿ÖµÀ´½øÐй۲졣
          ÓÐЩÇé¿öÏ£¬ ¿ÉÄÜ»áÏ£ÍûʹÓøü´ó»ò¸üСһЩµÄ
          <varname>kern.maxusers</varname>£¬ Ëü¿ÉÒÔÒÔ¼ÓÔØÆ÷±äÁ¿µÄÐÎʽ½øÐÐÅäÖã»
          ÀàËÆ 64¡¢ 128 ºÍ 256 ÕâÑùµÄÖµ¶¼²¢²»º±¼û¡£ ÎÒÃDz»ÍƼöʹÓó¬¹ý 256
          µÄÖµ£¬ ³ý·ÇÄúÐèÒª¾ÞÁ¿µÄÎļþÃèÊö·û£» ¸ù¾Ý
          <varname>kern.maxusers</varname> ÍÆËãĬÈÏÖµµÄÄÇЩ±äÁ¿£¬
          Ò»°ã¶¼¿ÉÒÔÔÚÒýµ¼ÉõÖÁÔËÐÐʱͨ¹ý <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>
          (Çë²Î¼û &man.loader.conf.5; Áª»úÊÖ²á»ò
          <filename>/boot/defaults/loader.conf</filename> ÎļþÀ´»ñµÃÏà¹ØµÄÖ¸µ¼)
          »òÕâƪÎĵµµÄÆäÓಿ·ÖËù½éÉܵķ½Ê½À´µ÷Õû¡£</para>

	<para>ÔÚ½ÏÔçµÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬ Èç¹ûÄúÃ÷È·µØ½«
	  <literal>maxusers</literal> ÉèÖÃΪ
	  <literal>0</literal>£¬ Ôòϵͳ»á×Ô¶¯µØ¸ù¾ÝÓ²¼þÅäÖÃÀ´È·¶¨Õâ¸öÖµ¡£<footnote>
	    <para>×Ô¶¯µ÷ÕûËã·¨»á½«
	      <literal>maxusers</literal> ÉèÖÃΪÓëÖ÷´æµÄÊýÁ¿Ò»Ñù£¬
	      »òÕßÈ¡ÆäÏÂÏÞ 32 »òÉÏÏÞ 384¡£</para>
	  </footnote>¡£ ÔÚ &os;&nbsp;5.X ºÍ¸ü¸ß°æ±¾ÖУ¬ <literal>maxusers</literal>
	  Èç¹û²»Ö¸¶¨µÄ»°£¬ ¾Í»áȡĬÈÏÖµ <literal>0</literal>¡£ Èç¹ûÏ£Íû×ÔÐйÜÀí
	  <literal>maxusers</literal>£¬ ÔòÓ¦ÅäÖÃÒ»¸ö²»µÍÓÚ 4 µÄÖµ£¬
	  ÌرðÊÇʹÓà X Window System »ò±àÒëÈí¼þµÄʱºò¡£
	  ÕâÑù×öµÄÔ­ÒòÊÇ£¬ <literal>maxusers</literal>
	  Ëù¾ö¶¨µÄÒ»¸ö×îΪÖØÒªµÄ±íµÄ³ß´ç»áÓ°Ïì×î´ó½ø³ÌÊý£¬
	  Õâ¸öÊýÖµ½«ÊÇ <literal>20 + 16 *
	  maxusers</literal>¡£ Òò´ËÈç¹û½« <literal>maxusers</literal> ÉèÖÃΪ 1£¬
	  Äú¾ÍÖ»ÄÜͬʱÔËÐÐ 36 ¸ö½ø³Ì£¬ Õ⻹°üÀ¨ÁË 18
	  ¸ö×óÓÒµÄϵͳÒýµ¼Ê±Æô¶¯µÄ½ø³Ì£¬ ÒÔ¼° 15 ¸ö×óÓҵģ¬
	  ÔÚÄúÆô¶¯ X Window System ʱËùÒý·¢µÄ½ø³Ì¡£ ¼´Ê¹ÊǼòµ¥µÄÈÎÎñ£¬
	  ÈçÔĶÁÁª»úÊֲᣬ Ò²ÐèÒªÆô¶¯¶àÖÁ¾Å¸öµÄ½ø³Ì£¬ ÓÃÒÔ¹ýÂË¡¢
	  ½âѹËõ£¬ ²¢ÏÔʾËü¡£ ½«
	  <literal>maxusers</literal> ÉèΪ 64 ½«ÔÊÐíÄúͬʱִÐÐ×î¶à 1044
	  ¸ö½ø³Ì£¬ Õ⼸ºõ×ãÒÔÂú×ãÈκÎÐèÒªÁË¡£ ²»¹ý£¬
	  Èç¹ûÄú¿´ÔÚÆô¶¯ÆäËü³ÌÐò£¬ »òÔËÐÐÓÃÒÔÖ§³Ö´óÁ¿Óû§µÄ·þÎñ (ÀýÈç
	  <hostid role="fqdn">ftp.FreeBSD.org</hostid>) ʱ£¬
	  ¿´µ½ÁîÈ˵£ÓÇµÄ <errortype>proc table
	  full</errortype> ´íÎó£¬ ¾ÍÓ¦¸ÃÌá¸ßÕâÒ»ÊýÖµ£¬
	  ²¢ÖØÐÂÁª±àÄںˡ£</para>

	<note>
	  <para><literal>maxusers</literal> ²¢ <emphasis>²»ÄÜ</emphasis>
	    ÏÞÖÆʵ¼ÊÄܹ»µÇ¼µ½ÄúϵͳÉÏÀ´µÄÓû§µÄÊýÁ¿¡£
	    ËüµÄÖ÷Òª×÷ÓÃÊǸù¾ÝÄú¿ÉÄÜÖ§³ÖµÄÓû§ÊýÁ¿À´ÎªÒ»ÏµÁÐϵͳÊý¾Ý±íÉèÖúÏÀíµÄ³ß´ç£¬
	    ÒÔ±ãÌṩ֧³ÖËûÃÇËùÐèÔËÐеĽø³Ì×ÊÔ´¡£</para>
	</note>

      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title><varname>kern.ipc.somaxconn</varname></title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary><varname>kern.ipc.somaxconn</varname></primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para><varname>kern.ipc.somaxconn</varname> sysctl ±äÁ¿
	  ÏÞÖÆÁ˽ÓÊÕРTCP Á¬½ÓÕìÌý¶ÓÁеĴóС¡£¶ÔÓÚÒ»¸ö¾­³£´¦ÀíÐÂÁ¬½ÓµÄ¸ß¸ºÔØ
	  web·þÎñ»·¾³À´Ëµ£¬Ä¬È쵀 <literal>128</literal> ̫СÁË¡£
	  ´ó¶àÊý»·¾³Õâ¸öÖµ½¨ÒéÔö¼Óµ½ <literal>1024</literal> »òÕ߸ü¶à¡£
	  ·þÎñ½ø³Ì»á×Ô¼ºÏÞÖÆÕìÌý¶ÓÁеĴóС(ÀýÈç &man.sendmail.8;
	  »òÕß <application>Apache</application>)£¬
	  ³£³£ÔÚËüÃǵÄÅäÖÃÎļþÖÐÓÐÉèÖöÓÁдóСµÄÑ¡Ïî¡£
	  ´óµÄÕìÌý¶ÓÁжԷÀÖ¹¾Ü¾ø·þÎñ <abbrev>DoS</abbrev> ¹¥»÷Ò²»áÓÐËù°ïÖú¡£</para>
      </sect3>

    </sect2>
    <sect2 id="nmbclusters">
      <title>ÍøÂçÏÞÖÆ</title>

      <para><literal>NMBCLUSTERS</literal> ÄÚºËÅäÖÃÑ¡ÏîÖ¸³öÁËϵͳ¿ÉÓõÄÍøÂçMbufµÄÊýÁ¿¡£
	Ò»¸ö¸ßÁ÷Á¿µÄ·þÎñÆ÷ʹÓÃÒ»¸öСÊýÄ¿µÄÍøÂ绺´æ»áÓ°Ïì &os; µÄÐÔÄÜ¡£
	ÿ¸ö cluster ¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª2KÄڴ棬ËùÒÔÒ»¸ö1024µÄÖµÐèÒªÔÚÄÚºËÖиøÍøÂ绺´æ±£Áô2MÄÚ´æ¡£
	¿ÉÒÔÓüòµ¥µÄ·½·¨¼ÆËã³öÀ´ÐèÒª¶àÉÙÍøÂ绺´æ¡£
	Èç¹ûÄúÓÐÒ»¸öͬʱ·¢Éú1000¸öÒÔÉÏÁ¬½ÓµÄweb·þÎñÆ÷£¬
	²¢ÇÒÿ¸öÁ¬½ÓÓõô16K½ÓÊպͷ¢ËÍ»º´æ£¬ ¾ÍÐèÒª´ó¸Å32MÍøÂ绺´æÀ´È·±£web·þÎñÆ÷µÄ¹¤×÷¡£
	Ò»¸öºÃµÄ¼òµ¥¼ÆËã·½·¨ÊdzËÒÔ2£¬ËùÒÔ2x32Mb/2Kb=64MB/2kb=32768¡£
	ÎÒÃǽ¨ÒéÔÚÓдóÁ¿ÄÚ´æµÄ»úÆ÷ÉÏ°ÑÕâ¸öÖµÉèÖÃÔÚ4096µ½32768Ö®¼ä¡£
	ûÓбØÒª°ÑËüÉèÖóÉÈÎÒâÌ«¸ßµÄÖµ£¬Ëü»áÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±ÒýÆð±ÀÀ£¡£
	&man.netstat.1; µÄ <option>-m</option> Ñ¡Ïî¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´¹Û²ìÍøÂçclusterʹÓÃÇé¿ö¡£</para>

      <para><varname>kern.ipc.nmbclusters</varname> ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´ÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±¿Ìµ÷½ÚÕâ¸ö¡£
	½ö½öÔھɰ汾µÄ &os; ÐèҪʹÓà <literal>NMBCLUSTERS</literal>
	&man.config.8; Ñ¡Ïî¡£</para>

      <para>¾­³£Ê¹Óà &man.sendfile.2; ϵͳµ÷Óõķ±Ã¦µÄ·þÎñÆ÷£¬
	ÓбØҪͨ¹ý <literal>NSFBUFS</literal> ÄÚºËÑ¡Ïî»òÕßÔÚ
	<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> (²é¿´ &man.loader.8; ÒÔ»ñµÃ¸ü¶àϸ½Ú)
	ÖÐÉèÖÃËüµÄÖµÀ´µ÷½Ú &man.sendfile.2; »º´æÊýÁ¿¡£
	Õâ¸ö²ÎÊýÐèÒªµ÷½ÚµÄÆÕͨԭÒòÊÇÔÚ½ø³ÌÖп´µ½ <literal>sfbufa</literal>
	״̬¡£sysctl <varname>kern.ipc.nsfbufs</varname>
	±äÁ¿ÔÚÄÚºËÅäÖñäÁ¿ÖÐÊÇÖ»¶ÁµÄ¡£ Õâ¸ö²ÎÊýÊÇÓÉ <varname>kern.maxusers</varname>
	¾ö¶¨µÄ£¬È»¶øËü¿ÉÄÜÓбØÒªÒò´Ë¶øµ÷Õû¡£</para>

      <important>
	<para>
	  ¼´Ê¹Ò»¸öÌ×½Ó×Ö±»±ê¼Ç³É·Ç×èÈû£¬ÔÚÕâ¸ö·Ç×èÈûµÄÌ×½Ó×ÖÉϺô½Ð
	  &man.sendfile.2; ¿ÉÄܵ¼Ö &man.sendfile.2; ºô½Ð×èÈûÖ±µ½ÓÐ×ã¹»µÄ
	  <literal>struct sf_buf</literal> ¿ÉÓá£
	</para>
      </important>

      <sect3>
	<title><varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.*</varname></title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>net.inet.ip.portrange.*</primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para><varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.*</varname> sysctl
	  ±äÁ¿×Ô¶¯µÄ¿ØÖÆ°ó¶¨ÔÚ TCP ºÍ UDP Ì×½Ó×ÖÉϵĶ˿ڷ¶Î§¡£
	  ÕâÀïÓÐÈý¸ö·¶Î§£ºÒ»¸öµÍ¶Ë·¶Î§£¬Ò»¸öĬÈÏ·¶Î§ºÍÒ»¸ö¸ß¶Ë·¶Î§¡£
	  ´ó¶àÊýÍøÂç³ÌÐò·Ö±ðʹÓÃÓÉ <varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.first</varname>
	  ºÍ <varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.last</varname> ¿ØÖÆµÄ´Ó 1024 µ½ 5000
	  µÄĬÈÏ·¶Î§¡£¶Ë¿Ú·¶Î§ÓÃ×÷¶ÔÍâÁ¬½Ó£¬²¢ÇÒijЩÇé¿ö¿ÉÄÜÓÃÍêϵͳµÄ¶Ë¿Ú£¬
	  Õâ¾­³£·¢ÉúÔÚÔËÐÐÒ»¸ö¸ß¸ººÉ web ´úÀí·þÎñÆ÷µÄʱºò¡£
	  Õâ¸ö¶Ë¿Ú·¶Î§²»ÊÇÓÃÀ´ÏÞÖÆÖ÷ÒªµÄÀýÈç web
	  ·þÎñÆ÷½øÈëÁ¬½Ó»òÕßÓй̶¨¶Ë¿ÚÀýÈçÓʼþ´«µÝ¶ÔÍâÁ¬½ÓµÄ¡£
	  ÓÐʱÄú¿ÉÄÜÓÃÍêÁ˶˿ڣ¬ÄǾͽ¨ÒéÊʵ±µÄÔö¼Ó
	  <varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.last</varname>¡£
	  <literal>10000</literal>¡¢<literal>20000</literal> »òÕß
	  <literal>30000</literal> ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÊʵ±µÄÖµ¡£
	  ¸ü¸Ä¶Ë¿Ú·¶Î§µÄʱºòÒ²Òª¿¼Âǵ½·À»ðǽ¡£ һЩ·À»ðǽ»á×èÖ¹¶Ë¿ÚµÄ´ó²¿·Ö·¶Î§
	  (ͨ³£Êǵͷ¶Î§µÄ¶Ë¿Ú)²¢ÇÒÓø߶˿ڽøÐжÔÍâÁ¬½Ó(&mdash;)¡£
	  »ùÓÚÕâ¸öÎÊÌ⽨Òé²»Òª°Ñ <varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.first</varname>
	  ÉèµÄ̫С¡£</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>TCP ´ø¿í³ÙÑÓ(Bandwidth Delay Product)</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>ÏÞÖÆ TCP ´ø¿íÑÓ³Ù»ý</primary>
	  <secondary><varname>net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</varname></secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>ÏÞÖÆ TCP ´ø¿íÑÓ³Ù»ýºÍ NetBSD µÄ TCP/Vegas ÀàËÆ¡£
	  Ëü¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý½« sysctl ±äÁ¿
	  <varname>net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</varname>
	  ÉèÖÃ³É <literal>1</literal> À´ÆôÓá£
	  ϵͳ½«³¢ÊÔ¼ÆËãÿһ¸öÁ¬½ÓµÄ´ø¿íÑÓ³Ù»ý£¬
	  ²¢½«ÅŶӵÄÊý¾ÝÁ¿ÏÞÖÆÔÚÇ¡ºÃÄܱ£³Ö×îÓÅÍÌÍÂÁ¿µÄˮƽÉÏ¡£</para>

	<para>ÕâÒ»ÌØÐÔÔÚÄúµÄ·þÎñÆ÷ͬʱÏòʹÓÃÆÕͨµ÷Öƽâµ÷Æ÷£¬
	  ǧÕ×ÒÔÌ«Íø£¬ ÄËÖÁ¸ü¸ßËٶȵĹâÓëÍøÂçÁ¬½Ó
	  (»òÆäËû´ø¿íÑÓ³Ù»ýºÜ´óµÄÁ¬½Ó) µÄʱºòÓÈΪÖØÒª£¬
	  ÌرðÊǵ±ÄúͬʱʹÓû¬¶¯´°Ëõ·Å£¬ »òʹÓÃÁË´óµÄ·¢ËÍ´°¿ÚµÄʱºò¡£
	  Èç¹ûÆôÓÃÁËÕâ¸öÑ¡Ï Äú»¹Ó¦¸Ã°Ñ
	  <varname>net.inet.tcp.inflight.debug</varname> ÉèÖÃΪ
	  <literal>0</literal> (½ûÓõ÷ÊÔ)£¬
	  ¶ÔÓÚÉú²ú»·¾³¶øÑÔ£¬ ½« <varname>net.inet.tcp.inflight.min</varname>
	  ÉèÖóÉÖÁÉÙ
	  <literal>6144</literal> »áºÜÓкô¦¡£ È»¶ø£¬ ÐèҪעÒâµÄÊÇ£¬
	  Õâ¸öÖµÉèÖùý´óÊÂʵÉÏÏ൱ÓÚ½ûÓÃÁËÁ¬½Ó´ø¿íÑÓ³Ù»ýÏÞÖƹ¦ÄÜ¡£
	  Õâ¸öÏÞÖÆÌØÐÔ¼õÉÙÁËÔÚ·Óɺͽ»»»°ü¶ÓÁеĶÂÈûÊý¾ÝÊýÁ¿£¬
	  Ò²¼õÉÙÁËÔÚ±¾µØÖ÷»ú½Ó¿Ú¶ÓÁÐ×èÈûµÄÊý¾ÝµÄÊýÁ¿¡£ÔÚÉÙÊýµÄµÈºò¶ÓÁÐÖС¢
	  ½»»¥Ê½Á¬½Ó£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇͨ¹ýÂýËٵĵ÷Öƽâµ÷Æ÷£¬Ò²ÄÜÓõ͵Ä
	  <emphasis>Íù·µÊ±¼ä</emphasis>²Ù×÷¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬×¢ÒâÕâÖ»Ó°Ïìµ½Êý¾Ý·¢ËÍ
	  (ÉÏÔØ/·þÎñ¶Ë)¡£¶ÔÊý¾Ý½ÓÊÕ(ÏÂÔØ)ûÓÐЧ¹û¡£
	</para>

	<para>µ÷Õû <varname>net.inet.tcp.inflight.stab</varname> ÊÇ
	  <emphasis>²»</emphasis> ÍƼöµÄ¡£ Õâ¸ö²ÎÊýµÄĬÈÏÖµÊÇ
	  20£¬ ±íʾ°Ñ 2 ¸ö×î´ó°ü¼ÓÈëµ½´ø¿íÑÓ³Ù»ý´°¿ÚµÄ¼ÆËãÖС£
	  ¶îÍâµÄ´°¿ÚËƵÄËã·¨¸üΪÎȶ¨£¬ ²¢¸ÄÉƶÔÓÚ¶à±äÍøÂç»·¾³µÄÏàÓ¦ÄÜÁ¦£¬
	  µ«Ò²»áµ¼ÖÂÂýËÙÁ¬½ÓÏ嵀 ping ʱ¼äÔö³¤ (¾¡¹Ü»¹ÊÇ»á±ÈûÓÐʹÓÃ
	  inflight Ëã·¨µÍÐí¶à)¡£ ¶ÔÓÚÕâЩÇéÐΣ¬
	  Äú¿ÉÄÜ»áÏ£Íû°ÑÕâ¸ö²ÎÊý¼õÉÙµ½ 15£¬ 10£¬ »ò 5£»
	  ²¢¿ÉÄÜÒò´Ë¶ø²»µÃ²»¼õÉÙ
	  <varname>net.inet.tcp.inflight.min</varname> (±ÈÈç˵£¬
	  3500) À´µÃµ½Ï£ÍûµÄЧ¹û¡£ ¼õÉÙÕâЩ²ÎÊýµÄÖµ£¬
	  Ö»Ó¦×÷Ϊ×îºó²»µÃÒÑʱµÄÊÖ¶ÎÀ´Ê¹Óá£</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÐéÄâÄÚ´æ</title>

      <sect3>
        <title><varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname></title>

        <para>vnode ÊǶÔÎļþ»òĿ¼µÄÒ»ÖÖÄÚ²¿±í´ï¡£
          Òò´Ë£¬ Ôö¼Ó¿ÉÒÔ±»²Ù×÷ϵͳÀûÓÃµÄ vnode ÊýÁ¿½«½µµÍ´ÅÅÌµÄ I/O¡£
          Ò»°ã¶øÑÔ£¬ ÕâÊÇÓɲÙ×÷ϵͳ×ÔÐÐÍê³ÉµÄ£¬ Ò²²»ÐèÒª¼ÓÒÔÐ޸ġ£
          µ«ÔÚijЩʱºò´ÅÅÌ I/O »á³ÉΪƿ¾±£¬ ¶øϵͳµÄ vnode ²»×㣬
          ÔòÕâÒ»ÅäÖÃÓ¦±»Ôö¼Ó¡£ ´ËʱÐèÒª¿¼ÂÇÊÇ·Ç»îÔ¾ºÍ¿ÕÏÐÄÚ´æµÄÊýÁ¿¡£</para>

        <para>Òª²é¿´µ±Ç°ÔÚÓÃµÄ vnode ÊýÁ¿£º</para>

        <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl vfs.numvnodes</userinput>
vfs.numvnodes: 91349</screen>

        <para>Òª²é¿´×î´ó¿ÉÓÃµÄ vnode ÊýÁ¿£º</para>

        <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.maxvnodes</userinput>
kern.maxvnodes: 100000</screen>

        <para>Èç¹ûµ±Ç°µÄ vnode ÓÃÁ¿½Ó½ü×î´óÖµ£¬ Ôò½«
          <varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname> ÖµÔö´ó 1,000
          ¿ÉÄÜÊǸöºÃÖ÷Òâ¡£ ÄúÓ¦¼ÌÐø²é¿´
          <varname>vfs.numvnodes</varname> µÄÊýÖµ£¬
          Èç¹ûËüÔÙ´ÎÅÊÉýµ½½Ó½ü×î´óÖµµÄ³Ì¶È£¬
          ÈÔÐè¼ÌÐøÌá¸ß <varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname>¡£
          ÔÚ &man.top.1; ÖÐÏÔʾµÄÄÚ´æÓÃÁ¿Ó¦ÓÐÏÔÖø±ä»¯£¬
          ¸ü¶àÄÚ´æ»á´¦ÓÚ»îÔ¾ (active) ״̬¡£</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="adding-swap-space">
    <title>Ìí¼Ó½»»»¿Õ¼ä</title>

    <para>
      ²»¹ÜÄú¼Æ»®µÃÈçºÎºÃ£¬ÓÐʱºòϵͳ²¢²»ÏñÄúËùÆÚ´ýµÄÄÇÑùÔËÐС£
      Èç¹ûÄú·¢ÏÖÐèÒª¸ü¶àµÄ½»»»¿Õ¼ä£¬Ìí¼ÓËüºÜ¼òµ¥¡£
      ÓÐÈýÖÖ·½·¨Ôö¼Ó½»»»¿Õ¼ä£ºÌí¼ÓÒ»¿éеÄÓ²ÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷¡¢Í¨¹ý
      NFS ʹÓý»»»¿Õ¼äºÍÔÚÒ»¸öÏÖÓеķÖÇøÉÏ´´½¨Ò»¸ö½»»»Îļþ¡£</para>

    <para>ÒªÁ˽â¹ØÓÚÈçºÎ¼ÓÃܽ»»»Çø£¬ Ïà¹ØÅäÖ㬠ÒÔ¼°ÎªÊ²Ã´ÒªÕâÑù×ö£¬ Çë²ÎÔÄÊÖ²áµÄ
      <xref linkend="swap-encrypting">¡£</para>

    <sect2 id="new-drive-swap">
      <title>ÔÚеÄÓ²ÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷ÉÏʹÓý»»»¿Õ¼ä</title>

      <para>ÕâÊÇÌí¼Ó½»»»¿Õ¼ä×îºÃµÄ·½·¨£¬
	µ±È»ÎªÁË´ïµ½Õâ¸öÄ¿µÄÐèÒªÌí¼ÓÒ»¿éÓ²ÅÌ¡£
	±Ï¾¹Äú×ÜÊÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÁíÒ»¿é´ÅÅÌ¡£Èç¹ûÄÜÕâô×ö£¬
	ÖØÐÂÔĶÁÒ»ÏÂÊÖ²áÖйØÓÚ½»»»¿Õ¼äµÄ <xref
	linkend="configtuning-initial"> À´Á˽âÈçºÎ×îÓŵذ²ÅŽ»»»¿Õ¼ä¡£</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="nfs-swap">
      <title>ͨ¹ý NFS ½»»»</title>

      <para>³ý·ÇûÓпÉÒÔÓÃ×÷½»»»¿Õ¼äµÄ±¾µØÓ²ÅÌʱ£¬
	·ñÔò²»ÍƼöÄúʹÓà NFS À´×÷Ϊ½»»»¿Õ¼äʹÓá£
	NFS ½»»»»áÊܵ½¿ÉÓÃÍøÂç´ø¿íÏÞÖƲ¢ÇÒÔö¼Ó NFS ·þÎñÆ÷µÄ¸ºµ£¡£</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="create-swapfile">
      <title>½»»»Îļþ</title>

      <para>
	Äú¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨Ò»¸öÖ¸¶¨´óСµÄÎļþÓÃÀ´µ±×÷½»»»Îļþ¡£
	ÔÚÎÒÃǵÄÀý×ÓÖÐÎÒÃǽ«»áʹÓýÐ×ö <filename>/usr/swap0</filename>
	µÄ 64MB ´óСµÄÎļþ¡£µ±È»ÄúÒ²¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÈκÎÄúËùÏ£ÍûµÄÃû×Ö¡£</para>

      <example>
	<title>ÔÚ &os; Öд´½¨½»»»Îļþ</title>

      <orderedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>È·ÈÏÄúµÄÄÚºËÅäÖðüº¬ÐéÄâ´ÅÅÌ(Memory disk)Çý¶¯
	    (&man.md.4;)¡£ËüÔÚ <filename>GENERIC</filename> ÄÚºËÖÐÊÇĬÈϵġ£</para>

	  <programlisting>device   md   # Memory "disks"</programlisting>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>´´½¨Ò»¸ö½»»»Îļþ(<filename>/usr/swap0</filename>)£º</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1024k count=64</userinput></screen>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>¸³ÓèËü(<filename>/usr/swap0</filename>)Ò»¸öÊʵ±µÄȨÏÞ£º</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 0600 /usr/swap0</userinput></screen>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÔÚ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÖÐÆôÓý»»»Îļþ£º</para>

	  <programlisting>swapfile="/usr/swap0"   # Set to name of swapfile if aux swapfile desired.</programlisting>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>

	  <para>ͨ¹ýÖØÐÂÆô¶¯»úÆ÷»òÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁîʹ½»»»ÎļþÁ¢¿ÌÉúЧ£º</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /usr/swap0 -u 0 &amp;&amp; swapon /dev/md0</userinput></screen>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>

      </example>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="acpi-overview">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Hiten</firstname>
	  <surname>Pandya</surname>
	  <contrib>Written by </contrib>
	</author>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	  <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>µçÔ´ºÍ×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí</title>

    <para>
      
      
      <acronym>BIOS</acronym> ½Ó¿Ú¹ÜÀí£¬ÀýÈç<emphasis>¿É²å°Î BIOS
      (PNPBIOS)</emphasis>»òÕß<emphasis>¸ß¼¶µçÔ´¹ÜÀí(APM)</emphasis>
      µÈµÈ¡£µçÔ´ºÍ×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíÊÇÏÖ´ú²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ¹Ø¼ü×é³É²¿·Ö¡£
      ÀýÈçÄú¿ÉÄܵ±ÏµÍ³Î¶ȹý¸ßµÄʱºòÈÃÄúµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳÄܼàÊÓµ½
      (²¢ÇÒ¿ÉÄÜÌáÐÑÄú)¡£
    </para>

    <para>ÒÔÓÐЧµÄ·½Ê½ÀûÓÃÓ²¼þ×ÊÔ´ÊǷdz£ÖØÒªµÄ¡£ ÔÚÒýÈë <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
      ֮ǰ£¬ ¹ÜÀíµçԴʹÓúÍϵͳɢÈȶԲÙ×÷ϵͳÊǺÜÀ§Äѵġ£ Ó²¼þÓÉ <acronym>BIOS</acronym>
      ½øÐйÜÀí£¬ Òò¶øÓû§¶ÔµçÔ´¹ÜÀíÅäÖõĿØÖƺͲ鿴¶¼±È½ÏÀ§ÄÑ¡£ һЩϵͳͨ¹ý
      <emphasis>¸ß¼¶µçÔ´¹ÜÀí (APM)</emphasis> ÌṩÁËÓÐÏÞµÄÅäÖÃÄÜÁ¦¡£
      µçÔ´ºÍ×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíÊÇÏÖ´ú²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄÒ»¸ö¹Ø¼ü×é¼þ¡£ ÀýÈ磬 Äú¿ÉÄÜÏ£Íû²Ù×÷ϵͳ¼àÊÓϵͳµÄһЩÏÞÖÆ£¬
      ÀýÈçϵͳµÄζÈÊÇ·ñ³¬³öÁËÔ¤ÆÚµÄÔö³¤ËÙ¶È (²¢ÔÚÐèҪʱ·¢³ö¾¯¸æ)¡£</para>

    <para>ÔÚ &os; ʹÓÃÊÖ²áµÄÕâÒ»Õ½ڣ¬ÎÒÃǽ«Ìṩ <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
      È«ÃæµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ ²Î¿¼×ÊÁÏ»áÔÚĩβ¸ø³ö¡£</para>

    <sect2 id="acpi-intro">
      <title>ʲôÊÇ ACPI£¿</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ACPI</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>APM</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>¸ß¼¶ÅäÖú͵çÔ´½Ó¿Ú (<acronym>ACPI</acronym>)
	ÊÇÒ»¸öÒµ½ç±ê×¼µÄÓ²¼þ×ÊÔ´ºÍµçÔ´¹ÜÀí½Ó¿Ú (Òò´Ë¶øµÃÃû) ¡£ËüÊÇ
	<emphasis>²Ù×÷ϵͳ¿ØÖƵÄÅäÖú͵çÔ´¹ÜÀí(Operating System-directed
	configuration and Power Management)</emphasis>£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬
	Ëü¸ø²Ù×÷ϵͳ(<acronym>OS</acronym>)ÌṩÁ˸ü¶àµÄ¿ØÖƺ͵¯ÐÔ¡£
	ÔÚÒýÈë <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ֮ǰ£¬
	ÏÖ´ú²Ù×÷ϵͳʹµÃÄ¿Ç°¼´²å¼´ÓýӿڵľÖÏÞÐÔ¸ü¼Ó <quote>͹ÏÖ</quote> ³öÀ´¡£
	<acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÊÇ <acronym>APM(¸ß¼¶µçÔ´¹ÜÀí)</acronym>
	µÄÖ±½Ó¼Ì³ÐÕß¡£</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="acpi-old-spec">
      <title>¸ß¼¶µçÔ´¹ÜÀí (APM) µÄȱµã</title>

      <para><emphasis>¸ß¼¶µçÔ´¹ÜÀí (APM)</emphasis>
      ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ»ùÓÚϵͳĿǰµÄ»î¶¯¿ØÖÆÆäµçԴʹÓõĻúÖÆ¡£
      APM BIOS ÓÉ (ϵͳµÄ) ÖÆÔìÉÌÌṩ£¬ ²¢ÇÒÊÇÓ²¼þƽ̨רÊôµÄ¡£
      ÔÚ OS ÖÐµÄ APM Çý¶¯×÷ΪÖнéÀ´·ÃÎÊ <emphasis>APM Èí¼þ½Ó¿Ú</emphasis>£¬
      ´Ó¶øʵÏÖ¶ÔµçԴʹÓõĹÜÀí¡£ ÔÚ 2000 Äê»ò¸üÔçµÄʱÆÚÉú²úµÄ¼ÆËã»úϵͳ£¬
      ÈÔÐèҪʹÓà APM¡£</para>

      <para>APM ÓÐËĸöÖ÷ÒªµÄÎÊÌâ¡£ Ê×ÏÈ£¬ µçÔ´¹ÜÀíÊÇͨ¹ý
      (ÖÆÔìÉÌרÊôµÄ) BIOS ʵÏֵģ¬ ¶ø OS ÔòÍêÈ«²»Á˽âÆäϸ½Ú¡£
      ÀýÈ磬 Óû§ÔÚ APM BIOS ÖÐÉèÖÃÁËÓ²ÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄ¿ÕÏеȴýÊýÖµ£¬
      µ±³¬¹ýÕâÒ»¿ÕÏÐʱ¼äµÄÏÞÖÆʱ£¬ Ëü (BIOS) ½«»á¼õÂýÓ²ÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄËٶȣ¬
      ¶ø²»»áÕ÷Çó OS µÄͬÒâ¡£ µÚ¶þ£¬ APM Âß¼­ÊÇǶÈë
      BIOS µÄ£¬ Òò´ËËüÊÇÔÚ OS µÄ¿ØÖÆÖ®ÍâÔËתµÄ¡£
      ÕâÒâζ×ÅÓû§Ö»ÄÜͨ¹ýͨ¹ýË¢ÐÂËûÃÇ ROM ÖÐµÄ APM BIOS
      ²ÅÄܹ»½â¾öijЩÎÊÌ⣻ ¶øÕâÊÇÒ»¸öºÜΣÏյIJÙ×÷£¬
      ÒòΪËü¿ÉÄÜʹϵͳ½øÈëÒ»¸öÎÞ·¨»Ö¸´µÄ״̬¡£ µÚÈý£¬ APM
      ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÖÆÔìÉÌרÊôµÄ¼¼Êõ£¬ Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵ÓкܶàµÚÈý·½µÄ
      (Öظ´µÄ¹¤×÷) ÒÔ¼° bugs£¬ Èç¹ûÔÚÒ»¸öÖÆÔìÉÌµÄ BIOS ÖÐÓУ¬
      Ҳδ±Ø»áÔÚÆäËûµÄ²úÆ·Öнâ¾ö¡£ ×îºóµ«¾ø²»ÊÇ×îСµÄÎÊÌ⣬ APM
      BIOS ûÓÐΪʵÏÖ¸´ÔӵĵçÔ´²ßÂÔÌṩ×ã¹»µÄÓàµØ£¬
      Ò²ÎÞ·¨ÊµÏÖÄܹ»·Ç³£ÊʺϾßÌå»úÆ÷µÄ²ßÂÔ¡£</para>

      <para><emphasis>¼´²å¼´Óà BIOS (PNPBIOS)</emphasis>
      Ôںܶàʱºò¶¼ÊDz»¿É¿¿µÄ¡£ PNPBIOS ÊÇ 16-λ µÄ¼¼Êõ£¬
      Òò´Ë OS ²»µÃ²»Ê¹Óà 16-λ Ä£Äâ²ÅÄܹ»Óë PNPBIOS µÄ·½·¨
      <quote>½Ó¿Ú</quote>¡£</para>

      <para>&os; <acronym>APM</acronym> Çý¶¯ÔÚ &man.apm.4; ÊÖ²áÒ³ÖÐÓÐÃèÊö¡£</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="acpi-config">
      <title>ÅäÖÃ <acronym>ACPI</acronym></title>

      <para>ĬÈÏÇé¿öÏ£¬ <filename>acpi.ko</filename> Çý¶¯£¬
      »áÔÚϵͳÒýµ¼Ê±ÓÉ &man.loader.8; ¼ÓÔØ£¬ ¶ø <emphasis>²»Ó¦</emphasis>
      Ö±½ÓÁª±à½øÄںˡ£ ÕâÑù×öµÄÔ­ÒòÊÇÄ£¿é²Ù×÷ÆðÀ´¸ü·½±ã£¬ ÀýÈ磬 ÎÞÐèÖØÐÂÁª±àÄں˾ͿÉÒÔÇл»µ½ÁíÒ»¸ö
      <filename>acpi.ko</filename> °æ±¾¡£ ÕâÑù¿ÉÒÔÈòâÊÔ±äµÃ¸ü¼òµ¥Ò»Ð©¡£
      ÁíÒ»¸öÔ­ÒòÊÇ£¬ Ðí¶àʱºòÔÚÆô¶¯ÒѾ­Æô¶¯Ö®ºóÔÙÆô¶¯ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ¿ÉÄÜ»áÓÐЩÎÊÌâ¡£
      Èç¹ûÄúÓöµ½ÁËÎÊÌ⣬ ¿ÉÒÔÈ«Ãæ½ûÓà <acronym>ACPI</acronym>¡£
      Õâ¸öÇý¶¯²»Ó¦£¬ Ä¿Ç°Ò²ÎÞ·¨Ð¶ÔØ£¬ ÒòΪϵͳ×ÜÏßͨ¹ýËüÓëÐí¶à²»Í¬µÄÓ²¼þ½øÐн»»¥¡£
      <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÔÚ
      <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> ÖÐÅäÖûòÔÚ &man.loader.8; Ìáʾ·û´¦ÅäÖÃ
      <literal>hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</literal> À´½ûÓá£
      </para>

      <note><para><acronym>ACPI</acronym> ºÍ <acronym>APM</acronym> ²»Äܹ²´æ£¬
      Ïà·´£¬ ËüÃÇÓ¦·Ö¿ªÊ¹Óᣠºó¼ÓÔصÄÇý¶¯Èç¹û·¢ÏÖϵͳÖÐÒѾ­Ö´ÐÐÁËÆäÖеÄÒ»¸ö£¬
      ±ã»áÍ£Ö¹Ö´ÐС£</para></note>

      <para><acronym>ACPI</acronym> ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´ÈÃϵͳ½øÈëÐÝÃßģʽ£¬
      ·½·¨ÊÇʹÓà &man.acpiconf.8; µÄ <option>-s</option>
      ²ÎÊý£¬ ¼ÓÉÏÒ»¸ö <literal>1-5</literal> µÄÊý×Ö¡£ ¶àÊýÓû§»áÏ£ÍûʹÓÃ
      <literal>1</literal> »ò <literal>3</literal> (¹ÒÆðµ½ RAM)¡£
      ¶ø <literal>5</literal> Ôò»áÈÃϵͳִÐÐÓëÏÂÁÐÃüÁîЧ¹ûÀàËƵÄÈí¹Ø»ú£º</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>halt -p</userinput></screen>

      <para>³ý´ËÖ®Í⣬ »¹ÓÐһЩͨ¹ý &man.sysctl.8; ÌṩµÄÑ¡Ïî¡£ Çë²Î¼ûÁª»úÊÖ²á
      &man.acpi.4; ºÍ &man.acpiconf.8; ÒÔ»ñµÃ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£
      </para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="ACPI-debug">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
        <author>
          <firstname>Nate</firstname>
          <surname>Lawson</surname>
          <contrib>׫дÈË£º</contrib>
        </author>
      </authorgroup>
      <authorgroup>
        <author>
          <firstname>Peter</firstname>
          <surname>Schultz</surname>
          <contrib>ЭÁ¦£º</contrib>
        </author>
        <author>
          <firstname>Tom</firstname>
          <surname>Rhodes</surname>
        </author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>ʹÓú͵÷ÊÔ &os; <acronym>ACPI</acronym></title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ACPI</primary>
      <secondary>problems</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para><acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÊÇÒ»ÖÖȫеķ¢ÏÖÉ豸¡¢ ¹ÜÀíµçԴʹÓá¢
      ÒÔ¼°Ìṩ¹ýÈ¥ÓÉ <acronym>BIOS</acronym> ¹ÜÀíµÄ·ÃÎʲ»Í¬Ó²¼þµÄ±ê×¼»¯·½·¨¡£
      Èà <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÔÚ¸÷ÖÖϵͳÉ϶¼ÄÜÕýȷʹÓõŤ×÷Ò»Ö±ÔÚ½øÐУ¬
      µ«Ðí¶àÖ÷°åµÄ <firstterm><acronym>ACPI</acronym> »úÆ÷ÓïÑÔ</firstterm>
      (<acronym>AML</acronym>) ×Ö½Ú´úÂëÖÐµÄ bug£¬  &os; µÄÄÚºËÖÐ×ÓϵͳÉè¼ÆµÄ²»ÍêÉÆ£¬
      ÒÔ¼°  &intel;
      <acronym>ACPI-CA</acronym> ½âÊÍÆ÷ÖÐµÄ bug ÈÔÈ»²»Ê±»á³öÏÖ¡£</para>

    <para>Õâ·ÝÎĵµÆÚÍûÄܹ»°ïÖúÄúЭÖú &os;
      <acronym>ACPI</acronym> µÄά»¤ÈËÔ±À´ÕÒµ½ÄúËù¹Û²ìµ½µÄÎÊÌâµÄ¸ùÔ´£¬
      ²¢Í¨¹ýµ÷ÊÔÕÒµ½Æä½â¾ö·½·¨¡£ ¸ÐлÄúÔĶÁÕâ·ÝÎĵµ£¬
      ÎÒÃÇҲϣÍûÄܹ»½â¾öÄúµÄϵͳÉϵÄÎÊÌâ¡£</para>

    <sect2 id="ACPI-submitdebug">
      <title>Ìá½»µ÷ÊÔÐÅÏ¢</title>

      <note>
	<para>ÔÚÌá½»ÎÊÌâ֮ǰ£¬ ÇëÈ·ÈÏÄúÒѾ­ÔÚÔËÐÐ×îеÄ
	  <acronym>BIOS</acronym> °æ±¾£¬ ´ËÍ⣬ Ò²°üÀ¨Ç¶Èëʽ¿ØÖÆÆ÷µÄ¹Ì¼þ°æ±¾¡£</para>
      </note>

      <para>Èç¹ûÄúÏ£ÍûÌá½»Ò»¸öÎÊÌ⣬
	ÇëÈ·±£½«ÏÂÊöÐÅÏ¢·¢µ½
	<ulink url="mailto:freebsd-acpi@FreeBSD.org">
	freebsd-acpi@FreeBSD.org</ulink>:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>ÎÊÌâÐÐΪµÄÃèÊö£¬ °üÀ¨ÏµÍ³ÀàÐÍ¡¢Ðͺţ¬ÒÔ¼°Èκδ¥·¢ÎÊÌâµÄÏà¹ØÐÅÏ¢¡£
	    ÁíÍ⣬ Çë×¢Ò⾡¿ÉÄÜ׼ȷµØÃèÊöÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâÊÇ·ñ¶ÔÄúÊÇÄ°ÉúµÄ¡£</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÔÚ <quote>boot
	    -v</quote> Ö®ºóµÃµ½µÄ &man.dmesg.8; Êä³ö£¬ ÒÔ¼°ÈκÎÔÚÖØÏÖ
	    bug ʱ³öÏֵĴíÎóÐÅÏ¢¡£</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÔÚ½ûÓÃÁË <acronym>ACPI</acronym> Ö®ºóµÄ <quote>boot
	    -v</quote> µÄ &man.dmesg.8; Êä³ö£¬ Èç¹ûÄú·¢ÏÖ½ûÓà ACPI
	    Äܹ»°ïÖúÏû³ýÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>À´×Ô <command>sysctl hw.acpi</command>µÄÊä³ö¡£
	    ÕâÒ²ÊÇÕÒµ½ÄúµÄϵͳËùÌṩµÄ¹¦ÄܵÄÒ»Öֺð취¡£</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Äܹ»µÃµ½ÄúµÄ <firstterm><acronym>ACPI</acronym> Source Language</firstterm>
	    (<acronym>ASL</acronym>) µÄ <acronym>URL</acronym>¡£
	    <emphasis>²»Òª</emphasis> °Ñ
	    <acronym>ASL</acronym> Ö±½Ó·¢µ½ÓʼþÁбíÖУ¬
	    ÒòΪËüÃÇ¿ÉÄܷdz£´ó¡£
	    ΪÁ˵õ½ <acronym>ASL</acronym>
	    Äú¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÕâ¸öÃüÁ</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>acpidump -dt &gt; <replaceable>name</replaceable>-<replaceable>system</replaceable>.asl</userinput></screen>

	  <para>(°Ñ
	    <replaceable>name</replaceable> ¸ÄΪÄúµÄµÇ¼Ãû£¬
	    ²¢°Ñ
	    <replaceable>system</replaceable> ¸ÄΪÄúµÄÓ²¼þÖÆÔìÉ̼°ÆäÐͺš£ ÀýÈ磺
	    <filename>njl-FooCo6000.asl</filename>)</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>Ðí¶à¿ª·¢ÕßÒ²»á¶©ÔÄ &a.current;
        µ«»¹ÊÇÇë·¢µ½ &a.acpi.name; ÕâÑùËü»á±»¸ü¶àÈË¿´µ½¡£
	ÇëÄÍÐĵȴý£¬ ÒòΪÎÒÃǶ¼ÓÐÈ«Ö°µÄÆäËû¹¤×÷¡£
	Èç¹ûÄúµÄ bug ²»ÊÇÏÔ¶øÒ×¼ûµÄ£¬ ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÄÜ»áÒªÇóÄúͨ¹ý
	&man.send-pr.1; À´Ìá½»Ò»¸ö <acronym>PR</acronym>¡£
	ÔÚÊäÈë <acronym>PR</acronym> ʱ£¬Ç뽫ͬÑùµÄÐÅÏ¢°üº¬½øÈ¥¡£
	Õ⽫°ïÖúÎÒÃÇÀ´×·×ٺͽâ¾öÎÊÌâ¡£
	²»ÒªÔÚ¸ø &a.acpi.name; дÐÅ֮ǰ·¢ËÍ
	<acronym>PR</acronym> ÒòΪÎÒÃÇ°ÑËüµ±×÷ÒÑÖªÎÄÌåµÄ±¸Íü¼¶ø²»ÊDZ¨¸æ»úÖÆ¡£
	ÄúµÄÎÊÌâºÜ¿ÉÄÜÒѾ­±»ÆäËûÈ˱¨¸æ¹ýÁË¡£</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ACPI-background">
      <title>±³¾°</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ACPI</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <para><acronym>ACPI</acronym> ´æÔÚÓÚ²ÉÓÃ
	ia32 (x86)¡¢ ia64 (°²ÌÚ)¡¢ ÒÔ¼° amd64 (AMD) ¼Ü¹¹µÄËùÓÐÏÖ´ú¼ÆËã»úÉÏ¡£
	ÍêÕûµÄ±ê×¼¾ßÓдóÁ¿µÄ¸÷ʽ¹¦ÄÜ£¬ °üÀ¨
	<acronym>CPU</acronym> ÐÔÄܹÜÀí¡¢ µçÔ´¿ØÖÆ¡¢ ζȼà¿Ø¡¢
	µç³Øϵͳ¡¢ ǶÈëʽ¿ØÖÆÆ÷ÒÔ¼°×ÜÏßö¾Ù¡£
	¾ø´ó¶àÊýϵͳʵÏÖ±ÈÍêÕû±ê×¼µÄ¹¦ÄÜÒªÉÙһЩ¡£ ÀýÈ磬
	×ÀÃæϵͳͨ³£Ö»ÊµÏÖ×ÜÏßö¾Ù²¿·Ö£¬ ¶ø±Ê¼Ç±¾Ôòͨ³£Ö§³Ö½µÎº͵çÔ´¹ÜÀí¹¦ÄÜ¡£
	±Ê¼Ç±¾Í¨³£»¹ÌṩÐÝÃߺͻ½ÐÑÖ§³Ö£¬ ²¢ÌṩÓë´ËÊÊÓ¦µÄ¸´ÔÓ¹¦ÄÜ¡£</para>

      <para>·ûºÏ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> µÄϵͳÖÐÓÐÐí¶à×é¼þ¡£
	<acronym>BIOS</acronym> ºÍоƬ×éÖÆÔìÉÌÌṩһЩ¹Ì¶¨µÄ±í
	(ÀýÈ磬 <acronym>FADT</acronym>) ÔÚ´æ´¢Æ÷ÖУ¬ ÒÔÌṩÀàËÆ
	<acronym>APIC</acronym> Ó³Éä (ÓÃÓÚ <acronym>SMP</acronym>)¡¢
	ÅäÖüĴæÆ÷¡¢ ÒÔ¼°¼òµ¥µÄÅäÖÃÖµµÈµÈ¡£ ÁíÍ⣬
	Ò»¸ö×Ö½Ú´úÂë (bytecode) ±í
	(<firstterm>ϵͳÇø±ðÃèÊö±í</firstterm>
	<acronym>DSDT</acronym>)
	ÔòÌṩÁËͨ¹ýÊ÷×´ÃüÃû¿Õ¼äÀ´Ö¸¶¨É豸¼°Æ书Äܵķ½·¨¡£</para>

      <para><acronym>ACPI</acronym> Çý¶¯±ØÐëÒª´¦Àí¹Ì¶¨±í£¬
	ʵÏÖ×Ö½ÚÂë½âÊÍÆ÷£¬ ²¢ÐÞ¸ÄÇý¶¯³ÌÐòºÍÄںˣ¬ ÒÔ½ÓÊÜÀ´×Ô
	<acronym>ACPI</acronym> ×ÓϵͳµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ ¶ÔÓÚ &os;£¬ &intel;
	ÌṩÁËÒ»¸ö½âÊÍÆ÷ (<acronym>ACPI-CA</acronym>)£¬
	ËüÔÚ Linux ºÍ NetBSD Ò²¿ÉÒÔʹÓá£
	<acronym>ACPI-CA</acronym> Ô´´úÂë¿ÉÒÔÔÚ
	<filename role="directory">src/sys/contrib/dev/acpica</filename>
	ÕÒµ½¡£ ÓÃÓÚÔÚ &os; ÖÐÔÊÐí <acronym>ACPI-CA</acronym>
	ÕýÈ·ÔËתµÄ´úÂëÔòÔÚ
	<filename>src/sys/dev/acpica/Osd</filename>¡£
	×îºó£¬ ÓÃÓÚʵÏÖ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> É豸µÄÇý¶¯¿ÉÒÔÔÚ
	<filename role="directory">src/sys/dev/acpica</filename> ÕÒµ½¡£</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ACPI-comprob">
      <title>³£¼ûÎÊÌâ</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ACPI</primary>
	<secondary>problems</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>ÒªÈà <acronym>ACPI</acronym> Õý³£¹¤×÷£¬
	ËüµÄÿһ²¿·Ö¶¼±ØÐ빤×÷Õý³£¡£ ÏÂÃæÊÇһЩ³£¼ûµÄÎÊÌ⣬
	°´ÕÕ³öеÄƵ·±³Ì¶ÈÅÅÐò£¬ ²¢¸ø³öÁËһЩÈƹý»òÐÞÕýËüÃǵķ½·¨¡£</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>Êó±êÎÊÌâ</title>

	<para>ijЩʱºò£¬ »½ÐѲÙ×÷»áµ¼ÖÂÊó±ê²»ÔÙÕý³£¹¤×÷¡£
	  ÒÑÖªµÄÈƹýÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâµÄ·½·¨£¬ ÊÇÔÚ
	  <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> ÎļþÖÐÌí¼Ó
	  <literal>hint.psm.0.flags="0x3000"</literal> ÉèÖá£
	  Èç¹ûÕâÑù×ö²»Äܽâ¾öÎÊÌ⣬ Ç뿼ÂÇ°´Ç°Ãæ½éÉܵķ½·¨Ìá½»ÎÊÌⱨ¸æ¡£</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ÐÝÃß/»½ÐÑ</title>

	<para><acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÌṩÁËÈýÖÖÐÝÃßµ½
	  <acronym>RAM</acronym> (<acronym>STR</acronym>) µÄ״̬£¬
	  <literal>S1</literal>-<literal>S3</literal>£¬
	  ÒÔ¼°Ò»¸öÐÝÃßµ½´ÅÅ̵Ä״̬ (<literal>STD</literal>)£¬
	  ³Æ×÷ <literal>S4</literal>¡£ <literal>S5</literal> ÊÇ
	  <quote>Èí¹Ø»ú</quote> ͬʱҲÊÇϵͳ½ÓºÃµçÔ´µ«Ã»Óпª»úʱµÄÕý³£×´Ì¬¡£
	  <literal>S4</literal> ʵ¼ÊÉÏ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÁ½ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄ·½·¨À´ÊµÏÖ¡£
	  <literal>S4</literal><acronym>BIOS</acronym> ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÓÉ
	  <acronym>BIOS</acronym> ¸¨ÖúµÄ¹ÒÆðµ½´ÅÅÌ·½·¨£¬ ¶ø
	  <literal>S4</literal><acronym>OS</acronym>
	  ÔòÊÇÍêÈ«ÓɲÙ×÷ϵͳʵÏֵġ£</para>

	<para>¿ÉÒÔʹÓà <command>sysctl hw.acpi</command>
	  À´²é¿´ÓëÐÝÃßÓйصÄÏîÄ¿¡£
	  ÕâÀïÊÇÎÒµÄ Thinkpad Éϵõ½µÄ½á¹û¡£</para>

	<screen>hw.acpi.supported_sleep_state: S3 S4 S5
hw.acpi.s4bios: 0</screen>

	<para>Õâ±íʾÎÒ¿ÉÒÔʹÓà <command>acpiconf -s</command>
	  À´²âÊÔ <literal>S3</literal>£¬
	  <literal>S4</literal><acronym>OS</acronym>£¬ ÒÔ¼°
	  <literal>S5</literal>¡£ Èç¹û <option>s4bios</option> ÊÇÒ»
	  (<literal>1</literal>)£¬ Ôò¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ
	  <literal>S4</literal><acronym>BIOS</acronym>
	  À´´úÌæ <literal>S4</literal>
	  <acronym>OS</acronym>¡£</para>

	<para>µ±²âÊÔÐÝÃß/»½ÐÑʱ£¬ ´Ó
	  <literal>S1</literal> ¿ªÊ¼£¬ Èç¹ûËü±»Ö§³ÖµÄ»°¡£
	  Õâ¸ö״̬ÊÇ×î¿ÉÄÜÕý³£¹¤×÷µÄ״̬£¬ ÒòΪËü²»ÐèҪ̫¶àµÄÇý¶¯Ö§³Ö¡£
	  ûÓÐÈËʵÏÖ <literal>S2</literal> µ«Èç¹ûÄúÓÐËüµÄÖ§³Ö£¬
	  ÔòÓ¦¸ÃºÍ <literal>S1</literal> ÀàËÆ¡£ ÏÂÒ»¼þÖµµÃ³¢ÊÔµÄÊÇ
	  <literal>S3</literal>¡£ ÕâÊÇ×îÉîµÄ
	  <acronym>STR</acronym> ״̬£¬
	  ²¢ÐèҪһϵÁÐÇý¶¯µÄÖ§³Ö²ÅÄܹ»Õý³£µØÖØгõʼ»¯ÄúµÄÓ²¼þ¡£
	  Èç¹ûÄúÔÚ»½ÐÑϵͳʱÓöµ½ÎÊÌ⣬ Çë²»ÒªÁßϧ·¢Óʼþ¸ø &a.acpi.name;
	  ÓʼþÁÐ±í£¬ ¾¡¹Ü²»ÒªÖ¸ÍûÎÊÌâÒ»¶¨»áºÜ¿ì½â¾ö£¬
	  ÒòΪÓÐÐí¶àÇý¶¯³ÌÐò/Ó²¼þÐèÒª½øÐиü¶àµÄ²âÊԺ͸Ľø¡£</para>

	<para>ΪÁË°ïÖú¸ôÀëÎÊÌ⣬ ÇëÔÚÄÚºËÖÐɾȥ¾¡¿ÉÄܶàµÄÇý¶¯¡£
	  Èç¹ûÕâÑù×öÄܹ»½â¾öÎÊÌ⣬ Çë³¢ÊÔÖð¸ö¼ÓÔØÇý¶¯Ö±µ½ÎÊÌâÔٴγöÏÖ¡£
	  ͨ³£Ô¤±àÒëµÄÇý¶¯³ÌÐòÈç
	  <filename>nvidia.ko</filename>¡¢ X11
	  ÏÔʾÇý¶¯£¬ ÒÔ¼° <acronym>USB</acronym> µÄÎÊÌâ×î¶à£¬
	  ¶øÒÔÌ«Íø¿¨µÄÇý¶¯Ôòͨ³£¹¤×÷µÄºÜºÃ¡£
	  Èç¹ûÄúÄܹ»Í¨¹ý¼ÓÔغÍжÔØÇý¶¯Ê¹ÏµÍ³Õý³£¹¤×÷£¬
	  Äú¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý½«Êʵ±µÄÃüÁî·Åµ½
	  <filename>/etc/rc.suspend</filename> ºÍ
	  <filename>/etc/rc.resume</filename> À´½«Õâ¸ö¹ý³Ì×Ô¶¯»¯¡£
	  ÔÚÕâÁ½¸öÎļþÖÐÓÐÒ»¸ö×¢Ê͵ôµÄжÔغͼÓÔØÇý¶¯³ÌÐòµÄÀý×Ó¹©Äú²Î¿¼¡£
	  ÁíÍâÄú»¹¿ÉÒÔ½« <option>hw.acpi.reset_video</option> ÉèÖÃΪÁã
	  (<literal>0</literal>)£¬ Èç¹ûÄúµÄÏÔʾÔÚ»½ÐÑÖ®ºóÏԵúܻìÂÒ¡£
	  ´ËÍâÄú»¹¿ÉÒÔ³¢ÊÔ¸ü³¤»ò¸ü¶ÌµÄ
	  <option>hw.acpi.sleep_delay</option> Öµ¿´¿´ÊÇ·ñÓÐËùÖúÒæ¡£</para>

	<para>ÁíÒ»¼þÖµµÃÒ»ÊÔµÄÊÂÇéÊÇʹÓÃÒ»¸ö±È½Ïеİüº¬
	  <acronym>ACPI</acronym> Ö§³ÖµÄ Linux ·¢ÐаæÀ´ÊÔÊÔ¿´ËûÃǵÄ
	  ÐÝÃß/»½ÐÑ ¹¦ÄÜÊÇ·ñÔÚͬÑùµÄÓ²¼þÉÏÄܹ»Õý³£¹¤×÷¡£
	  Èç¹ûÔÚ Linux ÏÂÕý³££¬ ÔòºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ &os; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòµÄÎÊÌ⣬
	  ¶ø¸ôÀëÎÊÌâ²¢ÕÒµ½´æÔÚÎÊÌâµÄÇý¶¯ÓÐÖúÓÚ½â¾öËü¡£
	  ÐèҪעÒâµÄÊÇ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> µÄά»¤ÈËԱͨ³£²¢²»Î¬»¤ÆäËûÇý¶¯
	  (ÀýÈç ÉùÒô¡¢ <acronym>ATA</acronym>£¬ µÈµÈ)
	  Òò´ËÈç¹û×îÖÕ·¢ÏÖÊÇÇý¶¯µÄÎÊÌâ×îºÃ»¹ÊÇ·¢µ½
	  &a.current.name; ÓʼþÁÐ±í²¢·¢¸øÇý¶¯³ÌÐòµÄά»¤Õß¡£
	  Èç¹ûÄúϲ»¶Ã°ÏÕ£¬ Ôò¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓһЩ &man.printf.3;
	  µ½ÓÐÎÊÌâµÄÇý¶¯ÖУ¬ ÒÔÕÒµ½ËüµÄ»Ö¸´¹¦ÄÜ·¢ÉúÎÊÌâµÄλÖá£</para>

	<para>×îºó£¬ ÊÔÊÔ¿´½ûÓà <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
	  ²¢´úÖ®ÒÔÆôÓÃ <acronym>APM</acronym>¡£
	  Èç¹û ÐÝÃß/»½ÐÑ Äܹ»ÔÚ <acronym>APM</acronym> ÏÂÕý³£¹¤×÷£¬
	  ʹÓà <acronym>APM</acronym> ¿ÉÄÜ»á¸üºÃ£¬
	  ÌرðÊǶÔÓÚ½ÏÀϵÄÓ²¼þ (2000ÄêÒÔÇ°)¡£
	  Ó²¼þÖÆÔìÉÌÐèҪһЩʱ¼äÀ´ÈÃÀÏÓ²¼þµÄ
	  <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ¹¤×÷Õý³££¬
	  ¶ø <acronym>ACPI</acronym> µÄÎÊÌâʮ֮°Ë¾ÅÊÇ
	  <acronym>BIOS</acronym> ÖеÄ벡Òý·¢µÄ¡£</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ϵͳֹͣÏìÓ¦ (ÔÝʱ»òÓÀ¾ÃÐÔµØ)</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>ÖжϷ籩</primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>¾ø´ó¶àÊýϵͳֹͣÏìÓ¦ÊÇÓÉÓÚδÄܼ°Ê±ÏìÓ¦Öжϻò·¢ÉúÁËÖжϷ籩µ¼Öµġ£
	  оƬ×éÓкܶàÎÊÌâ×îÖÕ»áËÝÔ´µ½ <acronym>BIOS</acronym>
	  ÈçºÎÔÚÒýµ¼ÏµÍ³Ö®Ç°ÅäÖÃÖжϣ¬ <acronym>APIC</acronym>
	  (<acronym>MADT</acronym>) ±íµÄÕýÈ·ÐÔ£¬ ÒÔ¼°
	  <firstterm>ϵͳ¿ØÖÆÖжÏ</firstterm>
	  (<acronym>SCI</acronym>) ÈçºÎ·ÓÉ¡£</para>

	<para>ͨ¹ý²ì¿´ <command>vmstat -i</command>
	  µÄÊä³öÖаüÀ¨ <literal>acpi0</literal>
	  µÄÄÇÒ»ÐпÉÒÔÇø·ÖÖжϷ籩ºÍδÄܼ°Ê±ÏìÓ¦Öжϡ£
	  Èç¹ûÿÃë¼ÆÊýÆ÷Ôö³¤µÄËٶȶàÓÚÒ»Á½¸ö£¬
	  ÔòÄúÊÇÓöµ½ÁËÖжϷ籩¡£ Èç¹ûϵͳֹͣÁËÏìÓ¦£¬
	  Äú¿ÉÒÔ³¢ÊÔÍ£Ö¹Äں˲¢½øÈë <acronym>DDB</acronym>
	  (ÔÚ¿ØÖÆ̨ÉÏ°´ <keycombo action="simul"><keycap>CTRL</keycap>
	  <keycap>ALT</keycap><keycap>ESC</keycap></keycombo>)
	  ²¢ÊäÈë <literal>show interrupts</literal>¡£</para>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>APIC</primary>
	  <secondary>½ûÓÃ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>´¦ÀíÖжÏÎÊÌâµÄ¾ÈÃüµ¾²ÝÊdz¢ÊÔ½ûÓÃ
	  <acronym>APIC</acronym> Ö§³Ö£¬ ÕâÊÇͨ¹ýÔÚ
	  <filename>loader.conf</filename> ÖмÓÈë
	  <literal>hint.apic.0.disabled="1"</literal>
	  Íê³ÉµÄ¡£</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>±ÀÀ£</title>

	<para>±ÀÀ£¶ÔÓÚ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÊDZȽϺ±¼ûµÄÇé¿ö£¬
	  Èç¹û·¢ÏÖ£¬ ÎÒÃǽ«»á·Ç³£ÖØÊÓ²¢ºÜ¿ìÐÞ¸´Ëü¡£
	  ÄúÒª×öµÄµÚÒ»¼þÊÂÊÇÉè·¨¸ôÀë³öÄܹ»ÖØÏÖ±ÀÀ£ (Èç¹û¿ÉÄܵĻ°)
	  µÄ²Ù×÷²¢»ñÈ¡Ò»·Ýµ÷ÓöÑÕ»¡£ ÇëÆôÓÃ
	  <option>options DDB</option> ²¢ÉèÖô®ÐпØÖÆ̨
	  (²Î¼û <xref linkend="serialconsole-ddb">)
	  »òÅäÖÃÒ»¸ö &man.dump.8; ·ÖÇø¡£ Äú½«ÔÚ
	  <acronym>DDB</acronym> ÖÐͨ¹ý <option>tr</option>
	  µÃµ½µ÷ÓöÑÕ»¡£ Èç¹ûÄúÖ»ÄÜÓÃÊÖ³­µÄ·½·¨¼Ç¼Ëü£¬
	  Ò»¶¨Òª¼ÇÏÂÍ·Îå (5) ÐкÍ×îºóÎå (5) ÐС£</para>

	<para>È»ºó£¬ ³¢ÊÔͨ¹ýÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±½ûÓÃ
	  <acronym>ACPI</acronym> À´¸ôÀë¹ÊÕÏ¡£ Èç¹ûÕâÑù×öÄܹ»Õý³£¹¤×÷£¬
	  Çëͨ¹ýÉèÖà <option>debug.acpi.disable</option>
	  µÄÄÇ×éÊýÖµÀ´¸ôÀë¾ßÌåÊÇÄĸö <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
	  ×ÓϵͳµÄÎÊÌâ¡£ Çë²Î¼û
	  &man.acpi.4; Áª»úÊÖ²áÖиø³öµÄÄÇЩÀý×Ó¡£</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ϵͳÔÚÐÝÃß»ò¹Ø»úÖ®ºóÓÖÆô¶¯ÁË</title>
	<para>Ê×ÏÈÇë³¢ÊÔÔÚ &man.loader.conf.5; ÖÐÉèÖÃ
	  <option>hw.acpi.disable_on_poweroff=</option><quote>0</quote>¡£
	  Õ⽫Èà <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ²»ÔÙÔڹػú¹ý³ÌÖнûÓÃһЩʼþ¡£
	  »ùÓÚͬÑùµÄÔ­Òò£¬ һЩϵͳÐèÒª°ÑÕâ¸öÖµÉèÖÃΪ <quote>1</quote>
	  (ÕâÊÇĬÈÏÖµ)¡£
	  Õâͨ³£Äܹ»ÐÞ¸´ÔÚÐÝÃß»ò¹Ø»úʱÁ¢¼´ÔÙ´ÎÆô¶¯µÄÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ÆäËûÎÊÌâ</title>

	<para>Èç¹ûÄúÓÐ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> µÄÆäËûÎÊÌâ
	  (ͬ docking station Эͬ¹¤×÷¡¢ ÎÞ·¨¼ì²âÉ豸£¬ µÈµÈ)£¬
	  Çë°ÑÃèÊö·¢¸øÓʼþÁÐ±í£» ²»¹ý£¬ ÕâЩÎÊÌâÒ²ÓпÉÄܺÍ
	  <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÖÐÉÐδÍê³ÉµÄ²¿·ÖÓйأ¬
	  ËüÃÇ¿ÉÄÜÐèҪʱ¼ä²ÅÄܱ»ÊµÏÖ¡£ Çë¸øµãÄÍÐÄ£¬
	  ²¢×¼±¸²âÊÔÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÄܻᷢ¸øÄúµÄ²¹¶¡¡£</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ACPI-aslanddump">
      <title><acronym>ASL</acronym>¡¢<command>acpidump</command>£¬ ÒÔ¼°
        <acronym>IASL</acronym></title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ACPI</primary>
	<secondary>ASL</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>×î³£¼ûµÄÎÊÌâÊÇ <acronym>BIOS</acronym>
	ÖÆÔìÉÌÌṩµÄ²»ÕýÈ· (ÉõÖÁÍêÈ«´íÎóµÄ!) ×Ö½Ú´úÂë¡£
	Õâͨ³£»áÒÔÀàËÆÏÂÃæÕâÑùµÄÄÚºËÏûÏ¢ÏÔʾÔÚ¿ØÖÆ̨ÉÏ£º</para>

      <screen>ACPI-1287: *** Error: Method execution failed [\\_SB_.PCI0.LPC0.FIGD._STA] \\
(Node 0xc3f6d160), AE_NOT_FOUND</screen>

      <para>Ðí¶àʱºò£¬ Äú¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý½«
	<acronym>BIOS</acronym> Éý¼¶µ½×îа汾À´½â¾ö´ËÀàÎÊÌâ¡£
	¾ø´ó¶àÊý¿ØÖÆ̨ÏûÏ¢ÊÇÎÞº¦µÄ£¬ µ«Èç¹ûÄúÓÐÆäËûÎÊÌâÀýÈçµç³Ø¹¤×÷²»Õý³££¬
	Ôò´Ó <acronym>AML</acronym> ¿ªÊ¼²éÕÒÎÊÌ⽫ÊÇÒ»Ìõ½Ý¾¶¡£
	×Ö½Ú´úÂ룬 »ò³£ËµµÄ <acronym>AML</acronym>£¬
	ÊÇ´ÓÒ»ÖÖ½Ð×ö <acronym>ASL</acronym> µÄÓïÑÔд³ÉµÄÔ´´úÂë½øÐбàÒëµÃµ½µÄ½á¹û¡£
	<acronym>AML</acronym> Ò»°ã´æ·ÅÔÚ
	<acronym>DSDT</acronym> ±íÖС£ ÒªµÃµ½ÄúϵͳµÄ
	<acronym>ASL</acronym>£¬ ÐèҪʹÓà &man.acpidump.8;¡£
	ÐèҪͬʱָ¶¨ <option>-t</option> (ÏÔʾ¹Ì¶¨±êµÄÄÚÈÝ)
	ºÍ <option>-d</option> (½« <acronym>AML</acronym> ·´±àÒë³É
	<acronym>ASL</acronym>) Á½¸öÑ¡Ïî¡£ Çë²Î¼û
	<link linkend="ACPI-submitdebug">ÈçºÎÌá½»µ÷ÊÔÐÅÏ¢</link>
	Ò»½ÚÁ˽âÈçºÎʹÓÃËü¡£</para>

      <para>×î·½±ãµÄ³õ²½¼ì²éÊdz¢ÊÔÖØбàÒë
	<acronym>ASL</acronym> À´¿´¿´ÊÇ·ñÓдíÎó¡£
	ͨ³£¿ÉÒÔºöÂÔÕâÒ»¹ý³ÌÖвúÉúµÄ¾¯¸æ£¬
	µ«´íÎóÒ»°ã¾Í¶¼ÊÇ bug£¬ ËüÃÇͨ³£¾ÍÊǵ¼ÖÂ
	<acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÎÞ·¨Õý³£¹¤×÷µÄÔ­Òò¡£
	ÒªÖØбàÒëÄúµÄ <acronym>ASL</acronym>£¬
	¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁ</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>iasl your.asl</userinput></screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ACPI-fixasl">
      <title>ÐÞ¸´ <acronym>ASL</acronym></title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ACPI</primary>
	<secondary>ASL</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>ÎÒÃǵij¤ÆÚÄ¿±êÊÇÈÃÿһ¸öÈ˶¼Äܹ»ÔÚ²»ÐèÒªÈκÎÓû§¸ÉÔ¤µÄÇé¿öÏÂʹÓÃ
	<acronym>ACPI</acronym>¡£ È»¶ø£¬ Ä¿Ç°ÎÒÃÇÈÔÈ»ÔÚ¿ª·¢Èƹý
	<acronym>BIOS</acronym> ÖÆÔìÉ̳£¼û´íÎóµÄ·½·¨¡£
	&microsoft; ½âÊÍÆ÷ (<filename>acpi.sys</filename> ºÍ
	<filename>acpiec.sys</filename>) ²¢²»»áÑϸñµØ¼ì²éÊÇ·ñ×ñÊØÁ˱ê×¼£¬
	Òò´ËÐí¶àÖ»ÔÚ &windows; ÖвâÊÔ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> µÄ
	<acronym>BIOS</acronym> ÖÆÔìÉ̺ܿÉÄÜÓÀÔ¶²»»áÐÞÕýËûÃǵÄ
	<acronym>ASL</acronym>¡£ ÎÒÃÇÏ£Íû²»¶ÏµØÕÒ³ö²¢ÓÃÎĵµËµÃ÷
	&microsoft; µÄ½âÊÍÆ÷µ½µ×ÔÊÐíÄÇЩ²»±ê×¼µÄÐÐΪ£¬
	²¢ÔÚ &os; ½øÐжÔÓ¦µÄÐÞ¸ÄʹËüÄܹ»Õý³£¹¤×÷¶ø²»ÐèÒªÓû§ÐÞÕý
	<acronym>ASL</acronym>¡£ ×÷ΪһÏîÁÙʱ»º½âÎÊÌâµÄ·½·¨£¬
	²¢°ïÖúÎÒÃÇÈ·ÈÏÆäÐÐΪ£¬ Äú¿ÉÒÔÊÖ¹¤ÐÞÕý
	<acronym>ASL</acronym>¡£ Èç¹ûÕâÑùÄܹ»½â¾öÎÊÌ⣬
	Çë°ÑÐÂ¾É <acronym>ASL</acronym> µÄ &man.diff.1;
	·¢¸øÎÒÃÇ£¬ ÕâÑùÎÒÃǾÍÓпÉÄÜÈƹý <acronym>ACPI-CA</acronym>
	ÖеĴíÎóÐÐΪ£¬ ´Ó¶ø²»ÔÙÐèÒªÄúÀ´ÊÖ¹¤ÐÞÕý¡£</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ACPI</primary>
	<secondary>error messages</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>ÏÂÃæÊÇһЩ³£¼ûµÄ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢£¬ ËüÃǵÄÔ­Òò£¬
	ÒÔ¼°ÈçºÎÐÞÕý¡£</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>_OS dependencies (_OS ÒÀÀµ)</title>

	<para>ijЩ <acronym>AML</acronym> ¼Ù¶¨ÊÀ½çÊÇÓɲ»Í¬°æ±¾µÄ
	  &windows; ×é³ÉµÄ¡£ Äú¿ÉÒÔÈà &os; Éù³Æ×Ô¼ºÊÇÈÎÒâ
	  <acronym>OS</acronym> À´¿´Ò»¿´ÊÇ·ñÄܹ»ÐÞÕýÎÊÌâ¡£
	  ±È½Ï¼òµ¥µÄ°ì·¨ÊÇÉèÖÃ
	  <option>hw.acpi.osname</option>="Windows 2001"
	  µ½ <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> ÖУ¬ »òʹÓÃÄúÔÚ
	  <acronym>ASL</acronym> ÖÐÕÒµ½µÄÆäËû×Ö·û´®¡£</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>Missing Return statements (ȱÉÙ·µ»ØÓï¾ä)</title>

	<para>һЩ·½·¨¿ÉÄÜû°´ÕÕ±ê×¼ÒªÇóµÄÄÇÑùÏÔʽµØ·µ»ØÖµ¡£
	  ¾¡¹Ü <acronym>ACPI-CA</acronym> ÎÞ·¨´¦ÀíËü£¬
	  µ« &os; ÌṩÁËÒ»¸öÈƹýËü²¢ÔÊÐíÆä°µº¬µØ·µ»ØÖµµÄ·½·¨¡£
	  ÄúÒ²¿ÉÒÔÔö¼ÓÒ»¸öÏÔʽµÄ
	  Return Óï¾ä£¬ Èç¹ûÄúÖªµÀÄÇÀïÐèÒª·µ»ØÒ»¸öÖµµÄ»°¡£
	  ҪǿÖÆ <command>iasl</command> ±àÒë
	  <acronym>ASL</acronym>£¬ ÐèҪʹÓà <option>-f</option>
	  ±êÖ¾¡£</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>Ì滻ĬÈ쵀 <acronym>AML</acronym></title>

	<para>ÔÚ¶¨ÖÆ <filename>your.asl</filename> Ö®ºó£¬
	  Äú¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁî±àÒëËü£º</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>iasl your.asl</userinput></screen>

	<para>¿ÉÒÔʹÓà <option>-f</option> ±êÖ¾À´Ç¿ÖÆ´´½¨
	  <acronym>AML</acronym>£¬ ¼´Ê¹ÔÚ±àÒë¹ý³ÌÖз¢ÉúÁË´íÎó¡£
	  Çë×¢ÒâijЩ´íÎó (ÀýÈ磬 ȱÉÙ Return Óï¾ä)
	  »á×Ô¶¯±»½âÊÍÆ÷ºöÂÔµô¡£</para>

	<para><filename>DSDT.aml</filename> ÊÇ
	  <command>iasl</command> ÃüÁîµÄĬÈÏÊä³öÎļþÃû¡£
	  ¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓÔØËüÀ´È¡´úÄú <acronym>BIOS</acronym>
	  ÖдæÔÚÎÊÌâµÄ¸±±¾ (ËüÈÔÈ»´æÔÚÓÚÉÁ´æÖÐ)£¬
	  Æä·½·¨ÊÇ°´ÏÂÃæµÄ˵Ã÷±à¼­
	  <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>£º</para>

	<programlisting>acpi_dsdt_load="YES"
acpi_dsdt_name="/boot/DSDT.aml"</programlisting>

	<para>Ò»¶¨Òª°ÑÄúµÄ <filename>DSDT.aml</filename> ¸´ÖƵ½
	  <filename class="directory">/boot</filename> Ŀ¼ÖС£</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ACPI-debugoutput">
      <title>´Ó
	<acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÖлñÈ¡µ÷ÊÔÊä³öÐÅÏ¢</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ACPI</primary>
	<secondary>ÎÊÌâ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ACPI</primary>
	<secondary>µ÷ÊÔ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para><acronym>ACPI</acronym> Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÌṩÁ˷dz£Áé»îµÄµ÷ÊÔ»úÖÆ¡£
	ÕâÔÊÐíÄúÖ¸¶¨Ò»×é×Óϵͳ£¬ ÒÔ¼°ËùÐèÒªµÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢¡£
	ÐèÒªµ÷ÊÔµÄ×Óϵͳ¿ÉÒÔ°´ <quote>layers(²ã)</quote>
	À´Ö¸¶¨£¬ ²¢·ÖΪ	<acronym>ACPI-CA</acronym> ×é¼þ (ACPI_ALL_COMPONENTS)
	ºÍ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> Ó²¼þÖ§³Ö (ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS)¡£
	µ÷ÊÔÊä³öµÄÏêϸ³Ì¶È¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý
	<quote>level(Ïêϸ¶È)</quote> À´Ö¸¶¨£¬ Æ䷶ΧÊÇ
	ACPI_LV_ERROR (Ö»±¨¸æ´íÎó) µ½ ACPI_LV_VERBOSE (ÏÔʾËùÓÐ)¡£
	<quote>level</quote> ÊÇÒ»¸öλÑÚÂëÒò´Ë¿ÉÒÔÒ»´ÎÉèÖöà¸öÑ¡Ï
	ÖмäÓÿոñ·Ö¿ª¡£ ʵ¼ÊʹÓÃÖÐÄúÓ¦¸Ã¿¼ÂÇʹÓô®ÐпØÖÆ̨À´¼Ç¼Êä³ö£¬
	Èç¹ûËüÌ«³¤ÒÔÖÁÓÚ³åµôÁË¿ØÖÆ̨ÏûÏ¢»º³åµÄ»°¡£
	²»Í¬µÄ²ãºÍÊä³öÏêϸ¶ÈµÄÍêÕûÁбí¿ÉÒÔÔÚ &man.acpi.4; Áª»úÊÖ²áÖÐÕÒµ½¡£</para>

      <para>µ÷ÊÔÊä³öĬÈϲ¢²»¿ªÆô¡£ ÒªÆðÓÃËü£¬ ÄúÐèÒªÔÚÄÚºËÉèÖÃÖÐÌí¼Ó
	<literal>options ACPI_DEBUG</literal>£¬ Èç¹ûÄúµÄÄÚºËÖбàÈëÁË
	<acronym>ACPI</acronym> µÄ»°¡£ Äú»¹¿ÉÒÔÔÚ
	<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ÖмÓÈë
	<literal>ACPI_DEBUG=1</literal> À´ÔÚÈ«¾ÖÆðÓÃËü¡£
	Èç¹ûËüÖ»ÊÇÄ£¿é£¬ Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃÏÂÃæµÄ·½·¨À´ÖØбàÒë
	<filename>acpi.ko</filename>£º</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /sys/modules/acpi/acpi
&amp;&amp; make clean &amp;&amp;
make ACPI_DEBUG=1</userinput></screen>

      <para>°²×° <filename>acpi.ko</filename> µ½
	<filename class="directory">/boot/kernel</filename> and add your
	²¢°ÑËùÐèµÄÏêϸ¶ÈºÍ²ãÔÚ <filename>loader.conf</filename> ÖÐÖ¸¶¨¡£
	Õâ¸öÀý×Ó½«ÆôÓÃËùÓÐ
	<acronym>ACPI-CA</acronym> ×é¼þÒÔ¼°ËùÓÐ
	<acronym>ACPI</acronym> Ó²¼þÇý¶¯
	(<acronym>CPU</acronym>¡¢ <acronym>LID</acronym>£¬ µÈµÈ) µÄÏûÏ¢¡£
	Ö»Êä³ö´íÎóÐÅÏ¢£¬ Ò²¾ÍÊÇ×îµÍµÄÏêϸ¶È¡£</para>

      <programlisting>debug.acpi.layer="ACPI_ALL_COMPONENTS ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS"
debug.acpi.level="ACPI_LV_ERROR"</programlisting>

      <para>Èç¹ûÄúÐèÒªµÄÐÅÏ¢ÊÇÓÉij¸öÌض¨µÄʼþ´¥·¢µÄ
	(±ÈÈç˵£¬ ÐÝÃßÖ®ºóµÄ»½ÐÑ)£¬ Äú¿ÉÒÔ²»ÐÞ¸Ä
	<filename>loader.conf</filename> ¶øת¶øʹÓÃ
	<command>sysctl</command>
	À´ÔÚÆô¶¯ºÍΪÄǸöʼþ×¼±¸ÏµÍ³Ö®ºóÔÙÖ¸¶¨²ãºÍÏêϸ¶È¡£
	ÕâЩ <command>sysctl</command> µÄÃû×ÖºÍ
	<filename>loader.conf</filename> ÖеÄÒ»Ö¡£</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ACPI-References">
      <title>²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×</title>

      <para>¹ØÓÚ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> µÄ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÏÂÃæÕâЩµØ·½ÕÒµ½£º</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>The &a.acpi;</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÓʼþÁбí´æµµ
	    <ulink url="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-acpi/"></ulink></para>
	</listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>¾ÉµÄ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÓʼþÁбí´æµµ
            <ulink url="http://home.jp.FreeBSD.org/mail-list/acpi-jp/"></ulink></para>
        </listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>The <acronym>ACPI</acronym> 2.0 ±ê×¼
	    <ulink url="http://acpi.info/spec.htm"></ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>&os; ÊÖ²áÒ³: &man.acpi.4;,
	    &man.acpi.thermal.4;, &man.acpidump.8;, &man.iasl.8;,
	    &man.acpidb.8;</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><ulink
	    url="http://www.cpqlinux.com/acpi-howto.html#fix_broken_dsdt">
	    <acronym>DSDT</acronym> µ÷ÊÔ×ÊÔ´</ulink>.
	    (ʹÓà Compaq ×÷ΪÀý×Óµ«Í¨³£Çé¿ö϶¼ºÜÓÐÓá£)</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>
</chapter>

<!--
     Local Variables:
     mode: sgml
     sgml-declaration: "../chapter.decl"
     sgml-indent-data: t
     sgml-omittag: nil
     sgml-always-quote-attributes: t
     sgml-parent-document: ("../book.sgml" "part" "chapter")
     End:
-->