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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312" standalone="no"?>
<!--
The Vinum Volume Manager
By Greg Lehey (grog at lemis dot com)
Added to the Handbook by Hiten Pandya <hmp@FreeBSD.org>
and Tom Rhodes <trhodes@FreeBSD.org>
For the FreeBSD Documentation Project
The FreeBSD Simplified Chinese Project
Original Revision: 1.49
$FreeBSD$
-->
<chapter id="vinum-vinum">
<chapterinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Greg</firstname>
<surname>Lehey</surname>
<contrib>Ô×÷ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</chapterinfo>
<title>Vinum ¾í¹ÜÀí³ÌÐò</title>
<sect1 id="vinum-synopsis">
<title>¸ÅÊö</title>
<para>ÎÞÂÛÄúÓÐʲôÑùµÄ´ÅÅÌ£¬×Ü»áÓÐһЩDZÔÚÎÊÌ⣺</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ËüÃÇ¿ÉÄÜÈÝÁ¿Ì«Ð¡¡£</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ËüÃÇ¿ÉÄÜËÙ¶ÈÌ«Âý¡£</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ËüÃÇ¿ÉÄÜҲ̫²»¿É¿¿¡£</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Õë¶ÔÕâЩÎÊÌ⣬ ÈËÃÇÌá³ö²¢ÊµÏÖÁËÐí¶à²»Í¬µÄ½â¾ö·½°¸¡£
ΪÁËÓ¦¶ÔÕâЩÎÊÌ⣬ һЩÓû§²ÉÓÃÁ˶à¸ö£¬ ÓÐʱÉõÖÁÊÇÈßÓàµÄ´ÅÅÌÕâÀà·½·¨¡£
³ýÁËÖ§³ÖÐí¶àÖÖ²»Í¬µÄÓ²¼þ RAID ¿ØÖÆÆ÷Ö®Í⣬
&os; µÄ»ù±¾ÏµÍ³ÖаüÀ¨ÁË Vinum ¾í¹ÜÀíÆ÷£¬ ËüÊÇÒ»¸öÓÃÒÔʵÏÖÐéÄâ´ÅÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄ¿éÉ豸¡£
<emphasis>Vinum</emphasis> ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ³ÆΪ <emphasis>¾í¹ÜÀíÆ÷</emphasis>£¬
»òÕß˵ÓÃÓÚ½â¾öÇ°ÃæÕâÈýÖÖÎÊÌâµÄÐéÄâ´ÅÅÌÇý¶¯³ÌÐò¡£ Vinum Äܹ»Ìṩ±È´«Í³´ÅÅÌϵͳ¸üºÃµÄÁé»îÐÔ¡¢
ÐÔÄܺͿɿ¿ÐÔ£¬ ²¢ÊµÏÖÁËÄܹ»µ¥¶À»òÅäºÏʹÓà RAID-0¡¢ RAID-1 ºÍ RAID-5 Ä£ÐÍ¡£</para>
<para>ÕâÒ»Õ¶Դ«Í³´ÅÅÌ´æ´¢µÄDZÔÚÎÊÌâ½øÐÐÁ˼òҪ˵Ã÷£¬²¢½éÉÜÁË Vinum ¾í¹ÜÀíÆ÷¡£</para>
<note>
<para>´Ó &os; 5 ¿ªÊ¼£¬ ¶Ô Vinum ½øÐÐÁËÖØд£¬
ÒÔ±ãʹÆä·ûºÏ GEOM ¼Ü¹¹ (<xref linkend="GEOM"/>)£¬
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ÕâÒ»ÖØдµÄ°æ±¾³ÆΪ <emphasis>gvinum</emphasis>
(±íʾ <emphasis> GEOM vinum</emphasis>)¡£ ½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄÎÄ×ÖÖÐ
<emphasis>Vinum</emphasis> ÊÇÒ»¸ö³éÏóµÄÃû×Ö£¬ ͨ³£²¢²»¾ßÌåָijһÌض¨µÄʵÏÖ¡£
а汾ÖÐËùÓеÄÖ¸ÁӦͨ¹ý <command>gvinum</command> ÃüÁîÀ´²Ù×÷£¬
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<filename>vinum.ko</filename> ¸ÄΪÁË
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<filename class="directory">/dev/vinum</filename> ÖеÄËùÓÐÉ豸½Úµã£¬
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´Ó &os; 6 ¿ªÊ¼£¬ ¾É°æµÄ Vinum ʵÏÖÒѲ»ÔÙÌṩ¡£</para>
</note>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="vinum-intro">
<title>´ÅÅÌÈÝÁ¿Ì«Ð¡</title>
<indexterm><primary>Vinum</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>RAID</primary>
<secondary>software</secondary></indexterm>
<para>´ÅÅÌÔ½´ó£¬´æ´¢µÄÊý¾ÝÒ²¾ÍÔ½¶à¡£Äú¾³£»á·¢ÏÖÄúÐèÒª
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</sect1>
<sect1 id="vinum-access-bottlenecks">
<title>·ÃÎÊÆ¿¾±</title>
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ÀýÈ磬¾Þ´óµÄFTP »òHTTP ·þÎñÆ÷¿ÉÒÔÖ§³ÖÊýÒÔǧ¼ÆµÄ²¢·¢»á»°£¬
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ÕâÔ¶Ô¶µØ³¬¹ýÁ˾ø´ó¶àÊý´ÅÅ̵ÄÊý¾Ý´«ÊäËÙÂÊ¡£</para>
<para>µ±Ç°µÄ´ÅÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷×î¸ß¿ÉÒÔÒÔ70 MB/sµÄËٶȴ«ÊäÊý¾Ý,
µ«Õâ¸öÖµÔÚÒ»¸öÓÐÐí¶à²»ÊÜÔ¼ÊøµÄ½ø³Ì·ÃÎÊÒ»¸öÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄ»·¾³ÖбäµÃ²¢²»ÖØÒª£¬
ËüÃÇ¿ÉÄÜÖ»Íê³ÉÁËÕâЩֵµÄһС²¿·Ö¡£ÕâÑùÒ»ÖÖÇé¿öÏ£¬´Ó´ÅÅÌ×Ó
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ºÉ£¬»»¾ä»°ËµÊÇ´«ÊäÕ¼ÓÃÁËÇý¶¯Æ÷¶àÉÙʱ¼ä¡£</para>
<para>ÔÚÈκδÅÅÌ´«ÊäÖÐ, Çý¶¯Æ÷±ØÐëÏÈÑ°µÀ, µÈ´ý´ÅÍ··ÃÎʵÚÒ»¸öÉÈÇø,
È»ºóÖ´Ðд«Êä. ÕâЩ¶¯×÷¿´ÆðÀ´¿ÉÄܺÜϸС:
ÎÒÃDz»»á¸ÐÓÐÈκÎÖжϡ£
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<para><anchor id="vinum-latency"/> ¼ÙÉè´«Êä10 kBÊý¾Ý£¬
: ÏÖÔڵĸßÐÔÄÜ´ÅÅÌƽ¾ùÑ°µÀʱ¼äÊÇ3.5ms¡£
×î¿ìµÄÇý¶¯Æ÷¿ÉÒÔÐýתÔÚ15,000 rpm£¬, ËùÒÔƽ¾ùѰַʱ¼äΪ2ms.
ÔÚ70 MB/sµÄËٶȴ«Êäʱ, Êý¾ÝµÄ´«Êäʱ¼ä´óÔ¼150 μs,
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1 MB/s ÏÔÈ»´«ÊäµÄ¿ìÂýÒÀÀµÓëËù´«ÊäÊý¾ÝµÄ´óС¡£
</para>
<para>¶ÔÓÚÕâ¸öÆ¿¾±µÄÒ»°ãºÍÃ÷ÏԵĽâ¾ö·½·¨ÊDzÉÓÃ
<quote>¶à¸ö´ÅÅÌ</quote>:¶ø²»ÊÇֻʹÓÃÒ»¸ö´ó´ÅÅÌ,
ËüʹÓü¸¸ö±È½ÏСµÄ´ÅÅÌÁªºÏÆðÀ´ÐγÉÒ»¸ö´óµÄ´ÅÅÌ.
ÿ¸ö´ÅÅ̶¼¿ÉÒÔ¶ÀÁ¢µØ½øÐд«ÊäÊý¾Ý£¬ËùÒÔͨ¹ýʹÓöà¸ö´ÅÅÌ
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¾¡¹Üÿ¸öÇý¶¯Æ÷²¢Ðд«ÊäÊý¾Ý£¬µ«Ã»Óа취ȷ±£ÇëÇóÄܹ»Æ½¾ù
·ÖÅ䵽ÿ¸öÇý¶¯Æ÷ÉÏ¡£²»¿É±ÜÃâÒ»¸öÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄ¸ºÔØ¿ÉÄܱÈÁíÒ»¸öÒª¸ßµÃ¶à¡£
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<indexterm>
<primary>´ÅÅ̵Ĵ®Á¬</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>Vinum</primary>
<secondary>´®Á¬</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>´ÅÅ̵ĸºÔØƽºâºÜ´ó³Ì¶ÈÒÀÀµÓÚÇý¶¯Æ÷ÉÏÊý¾ÝµÄ¹²Ïí·½Ê½.
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¾ÍÏñ°ÑÒ»±¾ºñºñµÄÊé·Ö³ÉºÜ¶àСµÄÕ½ڡ£ Õâ¸ö·½·¨½Ð×ö
<emphasis>´®Áª</emphasis>
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<xref linkend="vinum-concat"/>
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<para>
<figure id="vinum-concat">
<title>´®Áª×éÖ¯</title>
<graphic fileref="vinum/vinum-concat"/>
</figure>
</para>
<indexterm>
<primary>Ìõ´øÅÌ</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>Vinum</primary>
<secondary>Ìõ´ø</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>RAID</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>ÁíÍâÒ»ÖÖÓ°Éä·½·¨ÊǰѵØÖ·¿Õ¼ä·Ö²¼ÔڱȽÏСµÄÈÝÁ¿ÏàͬµÄ´ÅÅÌÉÏ£¬
´Ó¶øÄܹ»ÔÚ²»Í¬µÄÉ豸ÉÏ´æ´¢ËüÃÇ¡£ÀýÈ磬ǰ256 ¸öÉÈÇø¿ÉÄÜ´æ´¢ÔÚµÚÒ»
¸ö´ÅÅÌÉÏ£¬½Ó×ŵÄ256 ¸öÉÈÇø´æ´¢ÔÚÁíÒ»¸ö´ÅÅÌÉϵȵȡ£ дÂú×îºóÒ»¸ö´Å
Å̺󣬽ø³Ì»áÖظ´ÒÔÇ°µÄ¹¤×÷£¬Ö±µ½ËùÓеĴÅÅ̱»Ð´Âú¡£Õâ¸öÓ°Éä½Ð×ö
<emphasis>·Ö¶Î(striping)</emphasis> »òÕß <acronym>RAID-0</acronym>
<footnote>
<para><acronym>RAID</acronym> ´ú±í<emphasis>Á®¼ÛÈßÓà´ÅÅÌÕóÁÐ (Redundant
Array of Inexpensive Disks)</emphasis> Ìṩ¸÷ÖÖÈÝ´í»úÖÆ£¬
µ«ºóÃæÕâ¸öÊõÓï¿ÉÄÜ»áÓÐЩÈÃÈËÎó½â£ºËü²»ÌṩÈßÓ๦ÄÜ¡£</para> </footnote>.
·Ö¶ÎÒªÇóºÜ¾«È·µØÑ°Ö·£¬Í¨¹ý¶à¸ö´ÅÅ̽øÐÐÊý¾Ý´«ÊäµÄʱºò£¬Ëü
¿ÉÄÜ»áÒýÆð¶îÍâµÄI/O ¸ºÔØ£¬µ«ËüÒ²¿ÉÄÜÌṩ¸ü¶àµÄÁ¬Ðø¸ºÔØ¡£
<xref linkend="vinum-striped"/>
ÏÔʾÁËÓ÷ֶÎÐÎʽ·ÖÅäµÄ´æ´¢µ¥ÔªµÄ˳Ðò¡£</para>
<para>
<figure id="vinum-striped">
<title>·Ö¶Î×éÖ¯</title>
<graphic fileref="vinum/vinum-striped"/>
</figure>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="vinum-data-integrity">
<title>Êý¾ÝµÄÍêÕûÐÔ</title>
<para>ÏÖʱ´ÅÅ̵Ä×îºóÒ»¸öÎÊÌâÊÇËüÃDz»Ì«¿É¿¿¡£
ËäÈ»´ÅÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄ¿É¿¿ÐÔÔÚ¹ýÈ¥¼¸ÄêÓÐÁ˺ܴóµÄÌá¸ß£¬
µ«ËüÃÇÈÔÈ»ÊÇ·þÎñÆ÷ÖÐ×îÈÝÒ×Ë𻵵ĺËÐÄ×é¼þ¡£
µ±ËüÃÇ·¢Éú¹ÊÕϵÄʱºò£¬ ½á¹û¿ÉÄÜÊÇÔÖÄÑÐԵģº
Ìæ»»»µµÄ´ÅÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷²¢»Ö¸´Êý¾Ý¿ÉÄÜÒª»¨·Ñ¼¸Ììʱ¼ä¡£
</para>
<indexterm>
<primary>´ÅÅ̾µÏñ</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>Vinum</primary>
<secondary>¾µÏñ</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>RAID-1</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>½â¾öÕâ¸öÎÊÌâµÄ´«Í³·½·¨Êǽ¨Á¢
<emphasis>¾µÏó</emphasis>£¬ ÔÚ²»Í¬µÄÎïÀíÓ²¼þÉ϶ÔÊý¾Ý×öÁ½¸ö¸±±¾¡£
¸ù¾Ý <acronym>RAID</acronym> ¼¶±ð³öÏÖµÄʱ¼ä˳Ðò£¬ Õâ¸ö¼¼ÊõÒ²±»½Ð×ö
<acronym>RAID ¼¶±ð1</acronym> »òÕß
<acronym>RAID-1</acronym>¡£ ÈκÎдµ½¾íµÄÊý¾ÝÒ²»á±»Ð´µ½¾µÏóÉÏ£¬
ËùÒÔ¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÈκÎÒ»¸ö¸±±¾¶ÁÈ¡Êý¾Ý£¬ Èç¹ûÆäÖÐÓÐÒ»¸ö³öÏÖ¹ÊÕÏ£¬
Êý¾ÝÒ²»¹¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÆäËûÇý¶¯Æ÷ÉÏ·ÃÎʵ½¡£</para>
<para>¾µÏóÓÐÁ½¸öÎÊÌ⣺</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>¼Û¸ñ. ËüÐèÒªÁ½±¶µÄ´æ´¢ÈÝÁ¿¡£</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÐÔÄÜÓ°Ïì¡£ дÈë²Ù×÷±ØÐëÔÚÁ½¸öÇý¶¯Æ÷ÉÏÖ´ÐУ¬ËùÒÔËüÃÇ
»¨·ÑÁ½±¶µÄ´ø¿í¡£¶ÁÈ¡Êý¾Ý²¢²»»áÓ°ÏìÐÔÄÜ£º ËüÃÇÉõÖÁ¿´ÆðÀ´»á¸ü¿ì¡£</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para><indexterm><primary>RAID-5</primary></indexterm>
Ò»¸ö¿ÉÑ¡µÄ·½°¸²ÉÓà <emphasis>ÆæżУÑé</emphasis> µÄ·½Ê½£¬
ÓÃÒÔʵÏÖ <acronym>RAID</acronym> 2¡¢ 3¡¢ 4 ºÍ
5¡£ ÕâÆäÖУ¬ <acronym>RAID-5</acronym> ÊÇÎÒÃÇ×î¸ÐÐËȤµÄ¡£
ÔÚ Vinum µÄʵÏÖÖУ¬ ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÌõ´ø×éÖ¯½á¹¹µÄ±äÌ壬
ÆäÖУ¬ ÿһ¸öÌõ´øÖж¼ÒÔÒ»¸öרÓõĿ飬
À´±£´æÆäËü¿éµÄÆæżУÑéÖµ¡£ ÕâÑù£¬
<acronym>RAID-5</acronym> plex ³ýÁËÔÚÿ¸ö¿éÖж¼°üº¬ÁËÒ»¸öÆæżУÑé¿éÖ®Í⣬
ʵÏÖ <acronym>RAID-5</acronym> ʱҲ¾ÍºÍÆÕͨµÄÌõ´ø plex
Ò»ÑùÁË¡£ ×÷Ϊ
<acronym>RAID-5</acronym> µÄÒ»ÏîÒªÇó£¬
ÆæżУÑé¿éÔÚÿһ¸öÌõ´øÖеÄ˳Ðò¶¼ÊDz»Í¬µÄ¡£ Êý¾Ý¿éµÄ±àºÅ£¬
¾ö¶¨ÁËËüµÄÏà¶Ô¿éºÅ¡£</para>
<para>
<figure id="vinum-raid5-org">
<title>RAID-5 µÄ×éÖ¯</title>
<graphic fileref="vinum/vinum-raid5-org"/>
</figure>
</para>
<para>Óë¾µÏñÏà±È£¬ <acronym>RAID-5</acronym>
×îÏÔÖøµÄÓÅÊÆÔÚÓÚÖ»ÐèʹÓÃÉٵöàµÄ´æ´¢¿Õ¼ä¡£
¶ÁÈ¡ÀàËÆÓÚÌõ´øʽ´æ´¢µÄ×éÖ¯£¬ µ«Ð´Èë»áÂýµÃ¶à£¬
´óÔ¼½öÏ൱ÓÚ¶ÁÐÔÄÜµÄ 25%¡£ Èç¹ûÒ»¸öÇý¶¯Æ÷ʧЧ£¬
ÔòÕóÁÐÈÔÈ»¿ÉÒÔÔÚ½µ¼¶µÄģʽÔËÐУº
¶ÁÈ¡À´×ÔÕý³£µÄÇý¶¯Æ÷Êý¾ÝµÄ²Ù×÷ÕÕ³£½øÐУ¬
µ«¶ÁȡʧЧµÄÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄÊý¾Ý£¬ ÔòÀ´×ÔÓÚÓàÏÂÇý¶¯Æ÷ÉÏÏà¹ØµÄ¼ÆËã½á¹û¡£
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="vinum-objects">
<title>Vinum Ä¿±ê</title>
<para>ΪÁ˽â¾öÕâЩÎÊÌ⣬Vinum Ìá³öÁËÒ»¸öËIJãµÄÄ¿±ê½á¹¹£º</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>×îÏÔÖøµÄÄ¿±êÊÇÐéÄâ´ÅÅÌ, ½Ð×ö
<emphasis>¾í(volume)</emphasis>. ¾í±¾ÖÊÉÏÓëÒ»¸öUNIX ´ÅÅÌ
Çý¶¯Æ÷ÓÐͬÑùµÄÊôÐÔ£¬ËäÈ»ËüÃÇÊÇÓÐЩ²»Ì«Ò»Ñù¡£ËüÃÇûÓдóСµÄÏÞÖÆ¡£
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>¾íÏÂÃæÊÇ <emphasis>plexes</emphasis>,
ÿһ¸ö±íʾ¾íµÄËùÓеØÖ·¿Õ¼ä¡£ÔÚ²ã´Î½á¹¹ÖеÄÕâ¸öˮƽÄܹ»Ìṩ
ÈßÓ๦ÄÜ¡£¿ÉÒÔ°Ñplex ÏëÏó³ÉÓÃÒ»¸ö¾µÏóÅÅÁеķ½Ê½×éÖ¯ÆðÀ´µÄ
¶ÀÁ¢´ÅÅÌ£¬Ã¿¸ö¶¼°üº¬Í¬ÑùµÄÊý¾Ý¡£</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÓÉÓÚVinum ´æÔÚÓÚUNIX ´ÅÅÌ´æ´¢¿ò¼ÜÖÐ,ËùÒÔËüÒ²¿ÉÄÜ
ʹÓÃUNIX ·ÖÇø×÷Ϊ¶à¸ö´ÅÅÌplex µÄ×é³É²¿·Ö,
µ«ÊÂʵÉÏÕâ²¢²»¿É¿¿:UNIX ´ÅÅÌÖ»ÄÜÓÐÓÐÏÞÊýÁ¿µÄ·ÖÇø¡£
È¡¶ø´úÖ®£¬Vinum °ÑÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄUNIX ·ÖÇø (the <emphasis>drive</emphasis>)
·Ö½â³É½Ð×ö<emphasis>subdisks</emphasis>µÄÏàÁÚÇøÓò, Ëü¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÕâ¸ö
À´Îªplex ½¨Á¢¿é¡£</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Subdisks λÓÚ Vinum <emphasis>Çý¶¯Æ÷ÉÏ</emphasis>,
µ±Ç°µÄUNIX ·ÖÇø¡£Vinum Çý¶¯Æ÷¿ÉÒÔ°üº¬ºÜ¶àµÄsubdisks¡£
³ýÁËÇý¶¯Æ÷¿ªÊ¼µÄһС¿éÇøÓòÓÃÀ´´æ´¢ÅäÖúÍÃèÊöÐÅÏ¢ÒÔÍ⣬Õû¸ö
Çý¶¯Æ÷¶¼¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢Êý¾Ý¡£</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>ÏÂÃæµÄÕ½ÚÃèÊöÁËÕâЩĿ±êÌṩÁËVinum ËùÒªÇóµÄ¹¦Äܵķ½·¨¡£</para>
<sect2>
<title>¾íµÄ´óСҪÇó</title>
<para>ÔÚVinumµÄÅäÖÃÖУ¬Plex¿ÉÒ԰Ѷà¸ösubdisk ·Ö²¼ÔÚËùÓеÄÇý¶¯ÉÏ¡£
½á¹û, ÿ¸ö¶ÀÁ¢µÄÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄ´óС¶¼²»»áÏÞÖÆplex µÄ´óС£¬´Ó¶ø²»»áÏÞÖƾíµÄ´óС
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>¶àÓàµÄÊý¾Ý´æ´¢</title>
<para>Vinum ͨ¹ý¸øÒ»¸ö¾íÁ¬É϶à¸öplex À´Íê³É¾µÏóµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£
ÿ¸öplex ÊÇÒ»¸öÔÚÒ»¸ö¾íÖеÄÊý¾ÝµÄÃèÊö¡£Ò»¸ö¾í¿ÉÒÔ°üº¬Ò»¸ö
µ½°Ë¸öplex¡£</para>
<para>ËäȻһ¸öplex ÃèÊöÁËÒ»¸ö¾íµÄËùÓÐÊý¾Ý£¬,
µ«¿ÉÄÜÃèÊöµÄ²¿·Ö±»ÎïÀíµØ¶ªÊ§ÁË¡£¿ÉÄÜÊÇÉè¼ÆµÄÎÊÌâ
£¨Ã»ÓÐΪplex ²¿·Ö¶¨ÒåÒ»¸ösubdisk£©Ò²¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒâÍâµÄ¹ÊÕÏ
£¨ÓÉÓÚÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄ¹ÊÕϵ¼Ö£©¡£Ö»ÒªÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»¸öplex Äܹ»Îª
¾íµÄÍêÈ«µØÖ··¶Î§ÌṩÊý¾Ý£¬¾í¾ÍÄܹ»Õý³£¹¤×÷¡£
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ÐÔÄÜÎÊÌâ</title>
<para>Vinum ÔÚplex ˮƽ¼ÈÖ´Ðд®ÁªÒ²Ö´ÐзֶΣº</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Ò»¸ö<emphasis>´®Á¬µÄplex</emphasis>ÂÖÁ÷ʹÓÃ
ÿ¸ösubdisk µÄµØÖ·¿Õ¼ä¡£</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ò»¸ö <emphasis>·Ö¶ÎµÄplex</emphasis> ÔÚÿ¸ösubdisk ÉÏ
»®·ÖÊý¾Ý. Subdisk ±ØÐëÊÇ´óСһÑùµÄ£¬ÎªÁË´ÓÒ»¸öÁ¬½ÓµÄplex ÖÐ
Çø·Ö¿ªËü£¬±ØÐëÖÁÉÙÓÐÁ½¸ösubdisk¡£ </para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ÄÄÖÖplex ×éÖ¯¸üÓÐЧ£¿</title>
<para>&os; &rel.current;ÌṩµÄVinum °æ±¾ÄÜʵÏÖÁ½ÖÖplex:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>´®ÁªµÄplex ¸ü¼ÓÁé»î£ºËüÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ°üº¬ÈκÎÊýÁ¿µÄsubdisk£¬
subdisk Ò²¿ÉÄÜÓв»Í¬µÄ³¤¶È¡£Plex ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÌí¼Ó¶îÍâµÄsubdisk
À´µÃµ½À©Õ¹¡£ Óë·Ö¶Î plex ²»Í¬£¬ ËüÃÇÐèÒªµÄ
<acronym>CPU</acronym> ʱÖÓ¸üÉÙ£¬ ¾¡¹Ü
<acronym>CPU</acronym> ÉϵĸºÔزîÒìÊDz»¿É²âÁ¿µÄ¡£
ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬ËüÃǵĸºÔØ¿ÉÄܲ»Æ½ºâ£¬Ò»¸ö´ÅÅÌ¿ÉÄܸºÔغÜÖØ£¬
¶øÆäËûµÄ¿ÉÄܺܿÕÏС£</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>·Ö¶Î(<acronym>RAID-0</acronym>) plexes µÄ×î´óÓŵãÊÇ
ËüÃǼõÉÙÁ˸ºÔز»Æ½ºâµÄÇé¿ö: ͨ¹ýÑ¡ÔñÒ»¸ö×îºÏÊÊ´óСµÄ·Ö¶Î
(´óÔ¼ÊÇ256 kB), ÄúÉõÖÁ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¸÷¸ö×é³ÉµÄÇý¶¯Æ÷ÉϽµµÍ¸ºÔØ
. ÕâÖÖ·½·¨µÄȱµãÊÇÔÚsubdisk ÉÏÊܵ½·Ç³£¸´ÔӵıàÂëÏÞÖÆ
: ËüÃDZØÐëÊÇͬÑù´óС, ͨ¹ýÌí¼ÓеÄsubdisk À´À©Õ¹Ò»¸öplex
ÊǷdz£¸´ÔÓµÄ,ÒÔÖÁVinum µ±Ç°Ã»ÓÐʵÏÖËü. Vinum ÀûÓÃÒ»¸ö¶îÍâ
µÄ£¬´ú¼Û²»¸ßµÄÏÞÖÆ£ºÒ»¸ö·Ö¶ÎµÄplex ±ØÐëÓÐÖÁÉÙÁ½¸ösubdisk£¬
·ñÔò£¬ Ëü¾ÍÎÞ·¨Çø·ÖÁ¬½ÓµÄ plex ÁË¡£</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para><xref linkend="vinum-comparison"/> ×ܽáÒ»ÏÂÿ¸öplex ×éÖ¯
µÄÓŵãºÍȱµã.</para>
<table id="vinum-comparison" frame="none">
<title>Vinum Plex×é֯ͼ</title>
<tgroup cols="5">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Plex ÀàÐÍ</entry>
<entry>×îÉÙsubdisks</entry>
<entry>¿É·ñÌí¼Ósubdisks</entry>
<entry>³ß´çÏàͬ</entry>
<entry>Ó¦ÓÃ</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>´®Áª </entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>¿ÉÒÔ</entry>
<entry>²»±ØÐë</entry>
<entry>´øÓкܴóµ¯ÐÔºÍÊÊÖÐÐÔÄܵĴóÊý¾ÝÁ¿´æ´¢¡£
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>·Ö¶Î</entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>²»¿ÉÒÔ</entry>
<entry>±ØÐë</entry>
<entry>´óÁ¿²¢·¢·ÃÎÊʱ,¾ßÓнϸßÐÔÄÜ¡£</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="vinum-examples">
<title>һЩÀý×Ó</title>
<para>Vinum ά»¤×ÅÒ»¸öÃèÊö±¾ÏµÍ³ÖжÔÏóµÄ <emphasis>ÅäÖÃÊý¾Ý¿â</emphasis>¡£
¿ªÊ¼Ê±£¬ Óû§¿ÉÒÔÔÚ &man.gvinum.8; ¹¤¾ßÀ´´ÓÈô¸ÉÅäÖÃÎļþÉú³ÉÅäÖÃÊý¾Ý¿â¡£
Vinum ÔÚÆä¿ØÖƵÄÿ¸ö´ÅÅÌ·ÖÇø (ÔÚ
Vinum ÖгÆΪ <emphasis>device</emphasis>) É϶¼±£´æÅäÖÃÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ¸±±¾¡£
ÕâÒ»Êý¾Ý¿âÔÚÿ´Î״̬±ä»¯Ê±¾ù»á¸üУ¬ Òò¶øÖØÆôÿ¸ö Vinum ¶ÔÏóʱ£¬
¶¼Äܹ»»Ö¸´Æä״̬¡£</para>
<sect2>
<title>ÅäÖÃÎļþ</title>
<para>ÅäÖÃÎļþÃèÊöÁ˶ÀÁ¢µÄ Vinum.Ò»¸ö¼òµ¥¾íµÄ¶¨Òå¿ÉÄÜÊÇÕâÑùµÄ:</para>
<programlisting>
drive a device /dev/da3h
volume myvol
plex org concat
sd length 512m drive a</programlisting>
<para>Õâ¸öÎļþÃèÊöÁËËĸöVinum Ä¿±ê:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis>drive</emphasis> ÐÐÃèÊöÁËÒ»¸ö´ÅÅÌ·ÖÇø£¨Çý¶¯Æ÷£©
ºÍÓëÏÂÃæµÄÓ²¼þÏà¹ØµÄËüµÄλÖá£Ëü¸ø³öÁËÒ»¸ö·ûºÅÃû
<emphasis>a</emphasis>. Õâ¸öÓëÉ豸Ãû³Æ·Ö¿ªµÄ·ûºÅÃûÔÊÐí
´ÅÅÌ´ÓÒ»¸öλÖÃÒƶ¯µ½ÁíÒ»¸öλÖöø²»»á¸ã»ì¡£
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para> <emphasis>volume</emphasis> ÐÐÃèÊöÁËÒ»¸ö¾í¡£
ΨһµÄ±ØÐëÊôÐÔÊÇÃû³Æ£¬ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÖÐÊÇ
<emphasis>myvol</emphasis>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis>plex</emphasis> Ðж¨ÒåÁËÒ»¸öplex¡£
ΨһÐèÒªµÄ²ÎÊýÊÇ×éÖ¯,ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÖÐÊÇ
<emphasis>concat</emphasis>. ûÓÐÃû³ÆÊDZØÈ»µÄ:
ϵͳ×Ô¶¯Í¨¹ýÌí¼Ósuffix
<emphasis>.p</emphasis><emphasis>x</emphasis>
À´´Ó¾íÃû³Æ²úÉúÒ»¸öÃû×Ö,ÕâÀïµÄ<emphasis>x</emphasis>
ÊÇÔÚ¾íÖеÄplex µÄ±àºÅ¡£¶øÕâ¸öplex ½«±»
½Ð×ö<emphasis>myvol.p0</emphasis>¡£</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para> <emphasis>sd</emphasis> ÐÐÃèÊöÁËÒ»¸ösubdisk¡£
×îСµÄ˵Ã÷ÊÇ´æ´¢subdisk µÄÇý¶¯Æ÷Ãû³Æ£¬ºÍsubdisk µÄ³¤¶È¡£
¶ÔÓÚplex£¬Ã»ÓÐÃû³ÆÒ²ÊDZØÈ»µÄ£ºÏµÍ³×Ô¶¯Í¨¹ýÌí¼Ó
suffix <emphasis>.s</emphasis><emphasis>x</emphasis>
À´·ÖÅäÔ´×Ôplex µÄÃû³Æ£¬ÕâÀï <emphasis>x</emphasis>ÊÇplex ÖÐsubdisk µÄ±àºÅ¡£
Vinum ¸øÕâ¸ösubdisk ÃüÃûΪ<emphasis>myvol.p0.s0</emphasis>¡£</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>´¦ÀíÍêÕâ¸öÎļþºó£¬ &man.gvinum.8; »á²úÉúÏÂÃæµÄÊä³ö£º</para>
<programlisting width="97">
&prompt.root; gvinum -> <userinput>create config1</userinput>
Configuration summary
Drives: 1 (4 configured)
Volumes: 1 (4 configured)
Plexes: 1 (8 configured)
Subdisks: 1 (16 configured)
D a State: up Device /dev/da3h Avail: 2061/2573 MB (80%)
V myvol State: up Plexes: 1 Size: 512 MB
P myvol.p0 C State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
S myvol.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB</programlisting>
<para>ÕâЩÊä³öÄÚÈÝչʾÁË &man.gvinum.8; µÄ¼òÒªÁбí¸ñʽ¡£
ÔÚ <xref linkend="vinum-simple-vol"/> ÖÐÓÃͼÐÎչʾÁËÕâ¸öÅäÖá£</para>
<para>
<figure id="vinum-simple-vol">
<title>Ò»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄVinum ¾í</title>
<graphic fileref="vinum/vinum-simple-vol"/>
</figure>
</para>
<para>ÏÂÃæÕâ¸öͼÏÔʾÁËÒ»¸öÓÉ°´Ë³ÐòÅÅÁеÄsubdisk ×é³ÉµÄplex¡£
ÔÚÕâ¸öССµÄÀý×ÓÖУ¬¾í°üº¬Ò»¸öplex£¬plex °üº¬Ò»¸ösubdisk¡£
</para>
<para>Õâ¸ö¾í±¾ÉíºÍÆÕͨµÄ´ÅÅÌ·ÖÇøÏà±È²¢Ã»ÓÐʲôÌرðµÄÓÅÔ½ÐÔ£¬
Ëü°üº¬ÁËÒ»¸ö plex£¬ Òò´Ë²»ÊÇÈßÓàµÄ¡£ Õâ¸ö plex
ÖаüÀ¨ÁËÒ»¸ö×Ó´ÅÅÌ£¬ Òò´ËÕâºÍ´Ó´ÅÅÌ·ÖÇø·ÖÅä´æ´¢Ã»Ê²Ã´Á½Ñù¡£
½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄ¼¸½Ú£¬ ½«½éÉÜһЩ¸üÓÐÓõÄÅäÖ÷½·¨¡£</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Ìá¸ßÈÝ´íÐÔ£º ¾µÏñ</title>
<para>¾íµÄÈÝ´íÐÔ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý¾µÏñÀ´Ìá¸ß¡£ ÔÚÅäÖþµÏñ¾íʱ£¬
È·±£ plex ·Ö²¼ÔÚ²»Í¬µÄÇý¶¯Æ÷ÉÏÊ®·ÖÖØÒª£¬ ÕâÑùÒ»¸öÇý¶¯Æ÷»µµôʱ£¬
¾Í²»»áͬʱӰÏìÁ½¸ö plex¡£ ÏÂÃæµÄÅäÖý«Ó³Éä¾í£º</para>
<programlisting>
drive b device /dev/da4h
volume mirror
plex org concat
sd length 512m drive a
plex org concat
sd length 512m drive b</programlisting>
<para>ÉÏÃæµÄÀý×ÓÖУ¬
²¢²»ÐèÒªÔÙ´ÎÖ¸¶¨Çý¶¯Æ÷ <emphasis>a</emphasis>£¬ ÒòΪ Vinum
¼à¿ØËùÓÐÆäÅäÖÃÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ¶ÔÏó¡£ Íê³É¶¨ÒåÖ®ºó£¬
ÅäÖÃÈçÏÂËùʾ£º</para>
<programlisting width="97">
Drives: 2 (4 configured)
Volumes: 2 (4 configured)
Plexes: 3 (8 configured)
Subdisks: 3 (16 configured)
D a State: up Device /dev/da3h Avail: 1549/2573 MB (60%)
D b State: up Device /dev/da4h Avail: 2061/2573 MB (80%)
V myvol State: up Plexes: 1 Size: 512 MB
V mirror State: up Plexes: 2 Size: 512 MB
P myvol.p0 C State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
P mirror.p0 C State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
P mirror.p1 C State: initializing Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
S myvol.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
S mirror.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
S mirror.p1.s0 State: empty PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB</programlisting>
<para><xref linkend="vinum-mirrored-vol"/> ÒÔͼÐη½Ê½Õ¹Ê¾ÁËÆä½á¹¹¡£</para>
<para>
<figure id="vinum-mirrored-vol">
<title>¾µÏñ Vinum ¾í</title>
<graphic fileref="vinum/vinum-mirrored-vol"/>
</figure>
</para>
<para>Õâ¸öÀý×ÓÖУ¬ ÿһ¸ö plex °üº¬ÁËÍêÕûµÄ 512 MB
µØÖ·¿Õ¼ä¡£ ÔÚÇ°ÃæµÄÀý×ÓÖУ¬ plex ÔòÖ»°üÀ¨Ò»¸ö×ÓÅÌ¡£</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ÓÅ»¯ÐÔÄÜ</title>
<para>Ç°ÃæÀý×ÓÖеľµÏñ¾íÒª±ÈûÓоµÏñµÄ¾í¾ßÓиüºÃµÄÈÝÔÖÄÜÁ¦£¬
µ«ËüµÄÐÔÄÜÒª²îһЩ£º ÿһ´ÎдÈë¾íʱ£¬ ÐèҪͬʱдµ½Á½¸öÇý¶¯Æ÷ÉÏ£¬
Òò¶øÒ²¾ÍÐèÒª¸ü´óµÄ´ÅÅÌ·ÃÎÊ´ø¿í¡£ Èç¹ûÏ£Íû·Ç³£ºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ£¬
ÔòÐèÒªÁíÍâÒ»ÖÖ·½Ê½£º ²»×ö¾µÏñ£¬
¶ø½«Êý¾Ý·Ö³ÉÌõ´ø·Åµ½¾¡¿ÉÄܶàµÄ¡¢²»Í¬µÄ´ÅÅÌÉÏ¡£
ÏÂÃæ¸ø³öÁËÒ»¸ö¿çÔ½Ëĸö´ÅÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄ plex ¾í£º</para>
<programlisting>
drive c device /dev/da5h
drive d device /dev/da6h
volume stripe
plex org striped 512k
sd length 128m drive a
sd length 128m drive b
sd length 128m drive c
sd length 128m drive d</programlisting>
<para>ºÍ֮ǰÀàËÆ£¬ ²¢²»ÐèÒª¶¨Òå Vinum ÒѾ֪µÀµÄÇý¶¯Æ÷¡£
ÔÚÍê³É¶¨ÒåÖ®ºó£¬ ½«µÃµ½ÈçÏÂÅäÖãº</para>
<programlisting width="92">
Drives: 4 (4 configured)
Volumes: 3 (4 configured)
Plexes: 4 (8 configured)
Subdisks: 7 (16 configured)
D a State: up Device /dev/da3h Avail: 1421/2573 MB (55%)
D b State: up Device /dev/da4h Avail: 1933/2573 MB (75%)
D c State: up Device /dev/da5h Avail: 2445/2573 MB (95%)
D d State: up Device /dev/da6h Avail: 2445/2573 MB (95%)
V myvol State: up Plexes: 1 Size: 512 MB
V mirror State: up Plexes: 2 Size: 512 MB
V striped State: up Plexes: 1 Size: 512 MB
P myvol.p0 C State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
P mirror.p0 C State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
P mirror.p1 C State: initializing Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
P striped.p1 State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
S myvol.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
S mirror.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
S mirror.p1.s0 State: empty PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
S striped.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 128 MB
S striped.p0.s1 State: up PO: 512 kB Size: 128 MB
S striped.p0.s2 State: up PO: 1024 kB Size: 128 MB
S striped.p0.s3 State: up PO: 1536 kB Size: 128 MB</programlisting>
<para>
<figure id="vinum-striped-vol">
<title>Ìõ´ø»¯µÄ Vinum ¾í</title>
<graphic fileref="vinum/vinum-striped-vol"/>
</figure>
</para>
<para>Õâ¸ö¾íÔÚ
<xref linkend="vinum-striped-vol"/> Öиø³ö¡£ Ìõ´øµÄÒõÓ°²¿·Ö£¬
±íʾÔÚ plex µØÖ·¿Õ¼äÖеÄλÖ㺠ÑÕÉ«×îdzµÄÔÚ×îÇ°Ã棬
¶ø×îÉîµÄÔÚ×îºó¡£</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>¸ßÐÔÄÜÈÝÔÚ</title>
<para><anchor id="vinum-resilience"/>Èç¹ûÓ²¼þ×ã¹»¶à£¬
Ò²Äܹ»¹¹½¨±È±ê×¼
&unix; ·ÖÇøͬʱÌá¸ßÁËÈÝÔÖÐÔºÍÐÔÄÜµÄ¾í¡£
µäÐ͵ÄÅäÖÃÎļþÀàËÆ£º</para>
<programlisting>
volume raid10
plex org striped 512k
sd length 102480k drive a
sd length 102480k drive b
sd length 102480k drive c
sd length 102480k drive d
sd length 102480k drive e
plex org striped 512k
sd length 102480k drive c
sd length 102480k drive d
sd length 102480k drive e
sd length 102480k drive a
sd length 102480k drive b</programlisting>
<para>µÚ¶þ¸ö plex ÖеÄ×ÓÅ̺͵ÚÒ»¸ö plex ÖÐµÄ´í¿ªÁËÁ½¸öÇý¶¯Æ÷£º
ÕâÄܹ»°ïÖúÈ·±£¼´Ê¹Í¬Ê±·ÃÎÊÁ½¸öÇý¶¯Æ÷£¬
д²Ù×÷Ò²²»»áͬʱ·¢ÉúÔÚͬһ¸öÅÌÉÏ¡£</para>
<para><xref linkend="vinum-raid10-vol"/> ¸ø³öÁ˸þíµÄ½á¹¹¡£</para>
<para>
<figure id="vinum-raid10-vol">
<title>¾µÏñ²¢Ìõ´ø»¯µÄ Vinum ¾í</title>
<graphic fileref="vinum/vinum-raid10-vol"/>
</figure>
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="vinum-object-naming">
<title>¶ÔÏóÃüÃû</title>
<para>ÈçÇ°ÃæËùÃèÊöµÄÄÇÑù£¬ Vinum »á¸ø plex ºÍ×ÓÅÌÖ¸¶¨Ä¬ÈϵÄÃû×Ö£¬
¶øÕâЩÃû×ÖÒ²ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ¶¨ÖƵġ£ ²»ÍƼöÐÞ¸ÄĬÈϵÄÃû×Ö£º
ʹÓÃÔÊÐí¸ø¶ÔÏóÈÎÒâÃüÃûµÄ VERITAS
¾í¹ÜÀíÆ÷µÄ¾ÑéÖ¤Ã÷£¬ ÕâÒ»Áé»îÐÔ²¢Ã»ÓдøÀ´Ì«¶àµÄºÃ´¦£¬
Ïà·´£¬ ËüºÜÈÝÒ×µ¼Ö¶ÔÏóµÄ»ìÏý¡£</para>
<para>Ãû×ÖÖпÉÒÔ°üÀ¨Èκηǿհ׵Ä×Ö·û£¬ µ«Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ£¬
½¨ÒéֻʹÓÃ×Öĸ¡¢ Êý×ÖºÍÏ»®Ïß¡£ ¾í¡¢ plex£¬ ÒÔ¼°×ÓÅ̵ÄÃû×Ö£¬
¿ÉÒÔ°üº¬×î¶à 64 ¸ö×Ö·û£¬ ¶øÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄÃû×Ö£¬ Ôò×¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ
32 ¸ö×Ö·û¡£</para>
<para>Vinum ¶ÔÏó»áÔÚ
<filename class="directory">/dev/gvinum</filename> Ö®ÏÂÉú³ÉÉ豸½Úµã¡£
Ç°ÊöµÄÅäÖý«Ê¹ Vinum ´´½¨ÒÔÏÂÉ豸½Úµã£º</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ÿ¸ö¾í¶ÔÓ¦µÄÉ豸Ïî¡£ ÕâЩÊÇ Vinum ʹÓõÄÖ÷ÒªÉ豸¡£
Òò´Ë£¬ Ç°ÊöÅäÖðüÀ¨ÏÂÁÐÉ豸£º
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/gvinum/myvol</filename>¡¢
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/gvinum/mirror</filename>¡¢
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/gvinum/striped</filename>¡¢
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/gvinum/raid5</filename> ÒÔ¼°
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/gvinum/raid10</filename>¡£</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ËùÓоíµÄÖ±½ÓÏ´æ·ÅÔÚ
<filename class="directory">/dev/gvinum/</filename> ÖС£</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ŀ¼
<filename class="directory">/dev/gvinum/plex</filename>£¬ ÒÔ¼°
<filename class="directory">/dev/gvinum/sd</filename> ÖÐÏàÓ¦µØ´æ·ÅÁËÿ¸ö plex
ÒÔ¼°×ÓÅ̵ÄÉ豸½Úµã¡£</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>ÀýÈ磬 ¿¼ÂÇÏÂÃæµÄÅäÖÃÎļþ£º</para>
<programlisting>
drive drive1 device /dev/sd1h
drive drive2 device /dev/sd2h
drive drive3 device /dev/sd3h
drive drive4 device /dev/sd4h
volume s64 setupstate
plex org striped 64k
sd length 100m drive drive1
sd length 100m drive drive2
sd length 100m drive drive3
sd length 100m drive drive4</programlisting>
<para>´¦ÀíÕâ¸öÎļþÖ®ºó£¬ &man.gvinum.8; ½«ÔÚ
<filename class="directory">/dev/gvinum</filename> Öн¨Á¢ÏÂÃæµÄ½á¹¹£º</para>
<programlisting>
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Apr 13 16:46 plex
crwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 91, 2 Apr 13 16:46 s64
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Apr 13 16:46 sd
/dev/vinum/plex:
total 0
crwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10000002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0
/dev/vinum/sd:
total 0
crwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 91, 0x20000002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s0
crwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 91, 0x20100002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s1
crwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 91, 0x20200002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s2
crwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 91, 0x20300002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s3</programlisting>
<para>ËäÈ» plex ºÍ×ÓÅÌÒ»°ã²¢²»ÍƼöÖ¸¶¨Ãû×Ö£¬ µ«»¹ÊDZØÐë¸ø Vinum
Çý¶¯Æ÷ÃüÃû¡£ ÕâÑù£¬ µ±°ÑÇý¶¯Æ÷תÒƵ½²»Í¬µÄµØ·½Ê±£¬
ËüÈÔÈ»Äܹ»±»×Ô¶¯µØʶ±ð³öÀ´¡£ Çý¶¯Æ÷Ãû×¿ÉÒÔ°üº¬
32 ¸ö×Ö·û¡£</para>
<sect2>
<title>´´½¨Îļþϵͳ</title>
<para>¶ÔÓÚϵͳ¶øÑÔ£¬ ¾íºÍ´ÅÅÌÊÇÒ»ÑùµÄ¡£
ΨһµÄÀýÍâÊÇ£¬ Óë &unix; Çý¶¯Æ÷²»Í¬£¬ Vinum ²¢²»¶Ô¾í½øÐзÖÇø£¬
Òò¶øËüÒ²¾Í²»°üº¬·ÖÇø±í¡£ ÕâÒªÇóÐÞ¸ÄijЩ´ÅÅ̹¤¾ß£¬
ÌرðÊÇ &man.newfs.8;£¬ Ëü»áÊÔͼ½« Vinum ¾íÃûµ±×÷·ÖÇø±êʶ¡£
ÀýÈ磬 ´ÅÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄÃû×Ö¿ÉÄÜÊÇ
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad0a</filename> »ò
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/da2h</filename>¡£
ÕâЩÃû×Ö·Ö±ð±í´ïÔÚµÚÒ»¸ö (0) IDE (<devicename>ad</devicename>)
´ÅÅÌÉϵĵÚÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø (<devicename>a</devicename>)£¬
ÒÔ¼°µÚÈý¸ö (2) SCSI ´ÅÅÌ (<devicename>da</devicename>)
Éϵĵڰ˸ö·ÖÇø (<devicename>h</devicename>)¡£
¶øÏà±È¶øÑÔ£¬ Vinum ¾í¿ÉÄܽÐ×ö
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/gvinum/concat</filename>£¬
Õâ¸öÃû×ֺͷÖÇøÃûûÓÐʲô¹Øϵ¡£</para>
<para>ÒªÔÚÕâ¸ö¾íÉÏ´´½¨Îļþϵͳ£¬ ÔòÐèҪʹÓÃ
&man.newfs.8;£º</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/gvinum/concat</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="vinum-config">
<title>ÅäÖÃ Vinum</title>
<para>ÔÚ <filename>GENERIC</filename> ÄÚºËÖУ¬ ²¢²»°üº¬
Vinum¡£ ¿ÉÒÔ±àÒëÒ»¸ö¶¨ÖƵİüº¬
Vinum µÄÄںˣ¬ È»¶ø²¢²»ÍƼöÕâÑù×ö¡£ Æô¶¯
Vinum µÄ±ê×¼·½·¨£¬ ÊÇʹÓÃÄÚºËÄ£¿é (<acronym>kld</acronym>)¡£
ÉõÖÁ²»ÐèҪʹÓà &man.kldload.8; À´Æô¶¯ Vinum£º ÔÚÆô¶¯
&man.gvinum.8; ʱ£¬ Ëü»á¼ì²éÕâһģ¿éÊÇ·ñÒѾ¼ÓÔØ£¬
Èç¹ûûÓУ¬ Ôò»á×Ô¶¯µØ¼ÓÔØËü¡£</para>
<sect2>
<title>Æô¶¯</title>
<para>Vinum ½«ÅäÖÃÐÅÏ¢£¬ ²ÉÓÃÓëÅäÖÃÎļþÒ»ÑùµÄÐÎʽÀ´´æ·Åµ½´ÅÅÌ·ÖÇøÉÏ¡£
µ±´ÓÅäÖÃÊý¾Ý¿âÖжÁȡʱ£¬ Vinum »áʶ±ðһϵÁÐÔÚÅäÖÃÎļþÖв»¿ÉÓõĹؼü×Ö¡£
ÀýÈ磬 ´ÅÅÌÅäÖÃÎļþ¿ÉÄÜ°üº¬ÏÂÃæµÄÎÄ×Ö£º</para>
<programlisting width="119">volume myvol state up
volume bigraid state down
plex name myvol.p0 state up org concat vol myvol
plex name myvol.p1 state up org concat vol myvol
plex name myvol.p2 state init org striped 512b vol myvol
plex name bigraid.p0 state initializing org raid5 512b vol bigraid
sd name myvol.p0.s0 drive a plex myvol.p0 state up len 1048576b driveoffset 265b plexoffset 0b
sd name myvol.p0.s1 drive b plex myvol.p0 state up len 1048576b driveoffset 265b plexoffset 1048576b
sd name myvol.p1.s0 drive c plex myvol.p1 state up len 1048576b driveoffset 265b plexoffset 0b
sd name myvol.p1.s1 drive d plex myvol.p1 state up len 1048576b driveoffset 265b plexoffset 1048576b
sd name myvol.p2.s0 drive a plex myvol.p2 state init len 524288b driveoffset 1048841b plexoffset 0b
sd name myvol.p2.s1 drive b plex myvol.p2 state init len 524288b driveoffset 1048841b plexoffset 524288b
sd name myvol.p2.s2 drive c plex myvol.p2 state init len 524288b driveoffset 1048841b plexoffset 1048576b
sd name myvol.p2.s3 drive d plex myvol.p2 state init len 524288b driveoffset 1048841b plexoffset 1572864b
sd name bigraid.p0.s0 drive a plex bigraid.p0 state initializing len 4194304b driveoff set 1573129b plexoffset 0b
sd name bigraid.p0.s1 drive b plex bigraid.p0 state initializing len 4194304b driveoff set 1573129b plexoffset 4194304b
sd name bigraid.p0.s2 drive c plex bigraid.p0 state initializing len 4194304b driveoff set 1573129b plexoffset 8388608b
sd name bigraid.p0.s3 drive d plex bigraid.p0 state initializing len 4194304b driveoff set 1573129b plexoffset 12582912b
sd name bigraid.p0.s4 drive e plex bigraid.p0 state initializing len 4194304b driveoff set 1573129b plexoffset 16777216b</programlisting>
<para>ÕâÀï×îÃ÷ÏÔµÄÇø±ðÊÇ£¬ Ö¸¶¨ÁËÅäÖõÄλÖÃÐÅÏ¢¡¢Ãû³Æ
(ÕâЩÔÚÅäÖÃÎļþÖл¹ÊÇ¿ÉÓõģ¬ µ«²»¹ÄÀøÓû§×ÔÐÐÖ¸¶¨)
ÒÔ¼°×´Ì¬ÐÅÏ¢ (ÕâÊÇÓû§²»ÄÜÖ¸¶¨µÄ)¡£ Vinum
²¢²»ÔÚÅäÖÃÐÅÏ¢Öб£´æ¹ØÓÚÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄÐÅÏ¢£º
Ëü»áɨÃèÒѾÅäÖõĴÅÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷ÉÏ°üº¬ Vinum ±êʶµÄ·ÖÇø¡£
ÕâʹµÃ Vinum Äܹ»ÔÚ &unix; Çý¶¯Æ÷±»Ö¸¶¨Á˲»Í¬µÄ
ID ʱҲÄܹ»Õýȷʶ±ðËüÃÇ¡£</para>
<sect3 id="vinum-rc-startup">
<title>×Ô¶¯Æô¶¯</title>
<para>
<emphasis>Gvinum</emphasis> ÔÚͨ¹ý &man.loader.conf.5;
¼ÓÔØÁËÄÚºËÄ£¿éÖ®ºó¾ÍÄÜ×Ô¶¯Æô¶¯¡£
ÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±¼ÓÔØ <emphasis>Gvinum</emphasis> Ä£¿é£¬
ÐèÔÚ <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> ÖмÓÈë
<literal>geom_vinum_load="YES"</literal>¡£</para>
<para>µ±Ê¹Óà <command>gvinum
start</command> ÃüÁîÀ´Æô¶¯ Vinum ʱ£¬ Vinum »á´Óijһ¸ö Vinum
Çý¶¯Æ÷ÖжÁÈ¡ÅäÖÃÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ Õý³£Çé¿öÏ£¬
ÿ¸öÇý¶¯Æ÷É϶¼°üº¬ÁËͬÑùµÄÅäÖÃÊý¾Ý¿â¸±±¾£¬
Òò´Ë´ÓÄĸöÇý¶¯Æ÷É϶ÁÈ¡ÊÇÎÞËùνµÄ¡£ µ«ÊÇ£¬ ÔÚϵͳ±ÀÀ£Ö®ºó£¬
Vinum ¾Í±ØÐë¼ì²âÄÄÒ»¸öÇý¶¯Æ÷ÉϵÄÅäÖÃÊý¾Ý¿âÊÇ×îеģ¬
²¢´ÓÉÏÃæ¶ÁÈ¡ÅäÖᣠÈç¹ûÐèÒª£¬ Ëü»á¸üÐÂÆäËüÇý¶¯Æ÷ÉϵÄÅäÖá£</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="vinum-root">
<title>ʹÓà Vinum ×÷Ϊ¸ùÎļþϵͳ</title>
<para>Èç¹ûÎļþϵͳʹÓÃÍêÈ«¾µÏñµÄ
Vinum ÅäÖ㬠ÓÐʱҲ»áÏ£Íû¸ùÎļþϵͳҲ×÷Á˾µÏñ¡£
ÕâÖÖÅäÖÃÒª±È¾µÏñÆäËüÎļþϵͳÂ鷳һЩ£¬ ÒòΪ£º</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>¸ùÎļþϵͳÔÚÒýµ¼¹ý³ÌÖкÜÔçµÄʱºò¾Í±ØÐë´¦ÓÚ¿ÉÓÃ״̬£¬
Òò´Ë Vinum µÄ»ù´¡ÉèÊ©ÔÚÕâһʱ¿Ì¾ÍÓ¦¸Ã¿ÉÓÃÁË¡£</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>°üº¬¸ùÎļþϵͳµÄ¾í£¬ ͬʱҲ±£´æÁËϵͳµÄÒýµ¼³ÌÐòºÍÄںˣ¬
Òò´ËËüÃDZØÐëÄܹ»±»ËÞÖ÷ϵͳµÄÄÚ½¨¹¤¾ß (ÀýÈç PC »úµÄ BIOS)
ʶ±ð£¬ ¶øͨ³£ÊÇû°ì·¨ÈÃËüÃÇÁ˽â Vinum µÄϸ½ÚµÄ¡£</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>ÏÂÃ漸½ÚÖУ¬ ÊõÓï <quote>¸ù¾í</quote>
±êʶ°üº¬¸ùÎļþϵͳµÄ Vinum ¾í¡£
°ÑÕâ¸ö¾íÃüÃûΪ <literal>"root"</literal> ¿ÉÄÜÊǸö²»´íµÄÖ÷Ò⣬
²»¹ý´Ó¼¼ÊõÉÏ˵£¬ ²¢²»ÑϸñµØÒªÇóÕâÑù×ö¡£ ²»¹ý£¬
½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄÃüÁîÀý×Ó¶¼Ê¹ÓÃÕâ¸öÃû×Ö¡£</para>
<sect2>
<title>¼°ÔçÆô¶¯ Vinum ÒÔÊÊÓ¦¶Ô¸ùÎļþϵͳµÄÒªÇó</title>
<para>ÓÐÐí¶à¹ØÓÚËüµÄ³ß¶È£º</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Vinum ±ØÐëÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±¿ÉÒÔ±»ÄÚºËʹÓᣠÒò´Ë£¬ ÔÚ
<xref linkend="vinum-rc-startup"/> ÖÐËù½éÉܵķ½·¨£¬
Ò²¾ÍÎÞ·¨ÊÊÓ¦ÕâÒ»ÈÎÎñµÄÐèÒªÁË¡£ ÔÚ½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄÅäÖÃÖУ¬ Ò²
<emphasis>²»ÄÜ</emphasis> ÉèÖÃ
<literal>start_vinum</literal> ²ÎÊý¡£ µÚÒ»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇͨ¹ý½«
Vinum ¾²Ì¬Áª±àµ½ÄÚºËÖÐÀ´ÊµÏÖ£¬ ÕâÑù£¬
Ëü¾ÍÔÚÈκÎʱºò¶¼¿ÉÓÃÁË£¬ ËäȻһ°ã²¢²»ÐèÒªÕâÑù¡£
ÁíÒ»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇͨ¹ý
<filename>/boot/loader</filename> (<xref
linkend="boot-loader"/>) À´¾¡Ôç¼ÓÔØ vinum ÄÚºËÄ£¿é£¬
ÕâÒ»²Ù×÷·¢ÉúÔÚÄں˼ÓÔØ֮ǰ¡£ Õâ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý½«ÏÂÃæµÄÅäÖãº</para>
<programlisting>geom_vinum_load="YES"</programlisting>
<para>¼ÓÈëµ½
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> ÎļþÖÐÀ´ÊµÏÖ¡£</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>¶Ô <emphasis>Gvinum</emphasis> ¶øÑÔ£¬
ËùÓеÄÆô¶¯¹ý³Ì¶¼ÊÇÔÚÄÚºËÄ£¿é¼ÓÔØʱ×Ô¶¯½øÐеģ¬ Òò´ËÉÏÃæµÄ²Ù×÷£¬
Ò²¾ÍÊÇËùÒª½øÐеÄÈ«²¿¹¤×÷ÁË¡£</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ÈûùÓÚ Vinum µÄ¾íÔÚÒýµ¼Ê±¿ÉÒÔ·ÃÎÊ</title>
<para>ÒòΪĿǰµÄ &os; Òýµ¼³ÌÐòÖ»ÓÐ 7.5 KB µÄ´úÂ룬
²¢ÇÒÒѾ³Ðµ£ÁË´Ó UFS ÎļþϵͳÖжÁÈ¡Îļþ (ÀýÈç
<filename>/boot/loader</filename>) µÄÖØÈΣ¬
Òò´ËÍêȫûÓа취ÔÙÈÃËüÈ¥·ÖÎö Vinum ÅäÖÃÊý¾ÝÖÐµÄ Vinum ½á¹¹£¬
²¢ÕÒµ½Òýµ¼¾í±¾ÉíµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ Òò´Ë£¬
ÐèҪһЩ¼¼ÇÉÀ´ÎªÒýµ¼´úÂëÌṩ±ê×¼µÄ <literal>"a"</literal>
·ÖÇø£¬ ¶øËüÔò°üº¬Á˸ùÎļþϵͳ¡£</para>
<para>ÒªÈÃÕâЩµÃÒÔʵÏÖ£¬ ¸ù¾íÐèÒªÂú×ãÏÂÃæµÄÌõ¼þ£º</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>¸ù¾í²»ÄÜÊÇÌõ´ø¾í»ò RAID-5 ¾í¡£</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>¸ù¾í plex ²»ÄÜ°üº¬Á¬½ÓµÄ×ÓÅÌ¡£</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>ÐèҪ˵Ã÷µÄÊÇ£¬ ʹÓöà¸ö plex£¬ ÿ¸ö plex
¶¼¸´ÖÆÒ»·Ý¸ùÎļþϵͳµÄ¸±±¾£¬ ÊÇÐèÒª¶øÇÒÊÇ¿ÉÐеġ£
È»¶ø£¬ Òýµ¼¹ý³ÌÖ»ÄÜʹÓÃÕâЩ¸±±¾ÖеÄÒ»¸öÀ´Òýµ¼ÏµÍ³£¬
Ö±µ½ÄÚºË×îÖÕ×ÔÐйҽӸùÎļþϵͳΪֹ¡£ ÕâЩ plex ÖеÄÿ¸ö×ÓÅÌ£¬
ÔÚÕâÖ®ºó»áÓÐËüÃÇ×Ô¼ºµÄ <literal>"a"</literal>
·ÖÇø£¬ ÒÔ±í´ïÿһ¸ö¿ÉÒÔÒýµ¼µÄÉ豸¡£
ÿһ¸ö <literal>"a"</literal> ·ÖÇø£¬ ¾¡¹Ü²¢²»ÐèÒªºÍÆäËü°üº¬¸ù¾íµÄ
plex ´¦ÓÚ¸÷×ÔÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄͬһλÖᣠµ«ÊÇ£¬ ÕâÑù´´½¨ Vinum
¾íʹµÃ¾µÏñ¾íÏ໥¶Ô³Æ£¬ ´Ó¶øÄܹ»±ÜÃâÁË»ìÏý¡£</para>
<para>ΪÁË´´½¨Ã¿Ò»¸ö¸ù¾íµÄ <literal>"a"</literal> ·ÖÇø£¬
ÐèÒªÍê³ÉÏÂÃæµÄ²Ù×÷£º</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>ʹÓÃÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁîÀ´Á˽â¸ù¾í³ÉÔ±×ÓÅ̵ÄλÖÃ
(´ÓÉ豸¿ªÊ¼µÄÆ«ÒÆÁ¿) ºÍ³ß´ç£º</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gvinum l -rv root</userinput></screen>
<para>ÐèҪעÒâµÄÊÇ£¬ Vinum Æ«ÒÆÁ¿ºÍ³ß´çµÄµ¥Î»ÊÇ×Ö½Ú¡£
ËüÃDZØÐëÊÇ 512 µÄÕûÊý±¶£¬ ²ÅÄܵõ½
<command>bsdlabel</command> ÃüÁîËùÐèµÄ¿éºÅ¡£</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÔÚÿһ¸ö¸ù¾í³ÉÔ±É豸ÉÏ£¬ Ö´ÐÐÃüÁ</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -e <replaceable>devname</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>ÕâÆäÖУ¬ ¶ÔÓÚûÓÐ slice (Ò²¾ÍÊÇ fdisk) ±íµÄ´ÅÅÌ£¬
<replaceable>devname</replaceable> ±ØÐëÊÇ´ÅÅ̵ÄÃû×Ö
(ÀýÈç <devicename>da0</devicename>)£¬ »òÕßÊÇ slice
µÄÃû×Ö (ÀýÈç <devicename>ad0s1</devicename>)¡£</para>
<para>Èç¹ûÉ豸ÉÏÒѾÓÐÁË <literal>"a"</literal> ·ÖÇø
(±ÈÈç˵£¬ °üº¬ Vinum ֮ǰµÄ¸ùÎļþϵͳ)£¬
ÔòÓ¦¸ÄΪÆäËüµÄÃû×Ö£¬ ÒÔ±ã¼ÌÐø·ÃÎÊ (Èç¹ûÐèÒªµÄ»°)£¬
µ«Ëü²¢²»»á¼ÌÐøÓÃÓÚÆô¶¯ÏµÍ³¡£ ×¢Ò⣬ »î¶¯µÄ·ÖÇø
(ÀàËÆÕý¹Ò½ÓµÄ¸ùÎļþϵͳ) ²»Äܱ»¸ÄÃû£¬ Òò´Ë£¬
ÒªÍê³ÉÕâÏ×÷£¬ ±ØÐë´Ó
<quote>Fixit</quote> ÅÌÆô¶¯£¬ »òÕß·ÖÁ½²½²Ù×÷£¬
²¢ (ÔÚ¾µÏñÇéÐÎÖÐ) Ê×ÏȲÙ×÷ÄÇЩ·ÇÒýµ¼ÅÌ¡£</para>
<para>È»ºó£¬ É豸ÉÏ Vinum ·ÖÇøµÄÆ«ÒÆ (Èç¹ûÓеĻ°)
±ØÐë¼Óµ½Õâ¸öÉ豸Éϸù¾í¶ÔÓ¦µÄ×ÓÅÌÉÏ¡£
Æä½á¹ûÖµ£¬ ½«³ÉΪеÄ
<literal>"a"</literal> ·ÖÇøµÄ
<literal>"offset"</literal> Öµ¡£ Õâ¸ö·ÖÇøµÄ
<literal>"size"</literal> Öµ£¬ ¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾ÝÇ°ÃæµÄÅäÖüÆËãµÃ³ö¡£
<literal>"fstype"</literal> Ó¦¸ÃÊÇ
<literal>4.2BSD</literal>¡£
<literal>"fsize"</literal>¡¢ <literal>"bsize"</literal>£¬
ÒÔ¼° <literal>"cpg"</literal> Öµ£¬ ÔòÓ¦ÓëÎļþϵͳµÄʵ¼ÊÇé¿öÆ¥Å䣬
¾¡¹ÜÔÚÅäÖà Vinum ʱ²¢²»ÖØÒª¡£</para>
<para>ÕâÑù£¬ Ð嵀 <literal>"a"</literal> ·ÖÇø£¬
½«´´½¨²¢¸²¸ÇÕâÒ»É豸É쵀 Vinum ·ÖÇøµÄ·¶Î§¡£
×¢Ò⣬ <command>bsdlabel</command> Ö»ÓÐÔÚ
Vinum ·ÖÇøµÄ fstype ±»±ê¼ÇΪ <literal>"vinum"</literal>
ʱ£¬ ²ÅÔÊÐíÕâÑù×ö¡£</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Õâ¾Í³ÉÁË£¡ ËùÓÐµÄ <literal>"a"</literal> ·ÖÇøÏÖÔÚ¶¼ÒÑ´æÔÚ£¬
¶øÇÒÊǸù¾íµÄÒ»·Ý¸±±¾¡£ Ç¿ÁÒ½¨ÒéÄúÔÙ´ÎÑéÖ¤Æä½á¹û£¬
·½·¨ÊÇ£º</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fsck -n /dev/<replaceable>devname</replaceable>a</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
<para>Îñ±Ø×¢Ò⣬ ËùÓаüº¬¿ØÖÆÐÅÏ¢µÄÎļþ£¬ ¶¼±ØÐë·Åµ½
Vinum ¾íÉϵĸùÎļþϵͳ¡£ ÔÚÆô¶¯Ð嵀 Vinum ¸ù¾íʱ£¬
ËüÃÇ¿ÉÄܺÍʵ¼ÊÔÚÓõĸùÎļþϵͳ²»Æ¥Åä¡£
Òò´Ë£¬ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
ºÍ <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> ÕâÁ½¸öÎļþÐèÒªÌرðµØ×¢Òâ¡£</para>
<para>ÔÚÏ´ÎÖØÆôʱ£¬ Òýµ¼³ÌÐòÐèÒª´ÓеĻùÓÚ Vinum
µÄ¸ùÎļþϵͳÖлñÈ¡Êʵ±µÄ¿ØÖÆÐÅÏ¢£¬ ²¢¾Ý´Ë¹¤×÷¡£
ÔÚÄں˳õʼ»¯¹ý³ÌµÄ½áβ²¿·Ö£¬ ÔÚËùÓеÄÉ豸¶¼±»Ðûʾ֮ºó£¬
Èç¹ûÏÔʾÁËÏÂÃæµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬ Ôò±íʾÅäÖóɹ¦£º</para>
<screen>Mounting root from ufs:/dev/gvinum/root</screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>»ùÓÚ Vinum µÄ¸ùÎļþϵͳµÄÅäÖ÷¶Àý</title>
<para>ÔÚ Vinum ¸ù¾íÅäÖúÃÖ®ºó£¬
<command>gvinum l -rv root</command> µÄÊä³ö¿ÉÄÜÀàËÆÏÂÃæµÄÑù×Ó£º</para>
<screen>
...
Subdisk root.p0.s0:
Size: 125829120 bytes (120 MB)
State: up
Plex root.p0 at offset 0 (0 B)
Drive disk0 (/dev/da0h) at offset 135680 (132 kB)
Subdisk root.p1.s0:
Size: 125829120 bytes (120 MB)
State: up
Plex root.p1 at offset 0 (0 B)
Drive disk1 (/dev/da1h) at offset 135680 (132 kB)
</screen>
<para>ÐèҪעÒâµÄÖµÊÇ <literal>135680</literal>£¬
Ò²¾ÍÊÇÆ«ÒÆÁ¿ (Ïà¶ÔÓÚ
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/da0h</filename> ·ÖÇø)¡£
ÕâÏ൱ÓÚ <command>bsdlabel</command>
¼Ç·¨ÖÐµÄ 265 ¸ö 512-×ֽڵĴÅÅÌ¿é¡£ ÀàËƵأ¬ ¸ù¾íµÄ³ß´çÊÇ 245760
¸ö 512-×ֽڵĴÅÅÌ¿é¡£
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/da1h</filename> ÖУ¬
°üº¬Á˸ù¾íµÄµÚ¶þ¸ö¸±±¾£¬ ²ÉÓÃÁËͬÑùµÄÅäÖá£</para>
<para>ÕâЩÉ豸µÄ bsdlabel ÀàËÆÏÂÃæµÄÑù×Ó£º</para>
<screen>
...
8 partitions:
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
a: 245760 281 4.2BSD 2048 16384 0 # (Cyl. 0*- 15*)
c: 71771688 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 4467*)
h: 71771672 16 vinum # (Cyl. 0*- 4467*)
</screen>
<para>¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½£¬ αװµÄ <literal>"a"</literal>
·ÖÇøµÄ <literal>"size"</literal> ²ÎÊýºÍÇ°ÃæµÄÒ»Ñù£¬ ¶ø
<literal>"offset"</literal> ²ÎÊýÔòÊÇ Vinum
·ÖÇø <literal>"h"</literal>£¬ ÒÔ¼°É豸ÖÐÕâÒ»·ÖÇø
(»ò slice) µÄÆ«ÒÆÁ¿Ö®ºÍ¡£ ÕâÊÇÒ»ÖÖµäÐ͵ÄÅäÖã¬
ËüÄܹ»±ÜÃâÔÚ <xref linkend="vinum-root-panic"/>
ÖнéÉܵÄÎÊÌâ¡£ ´ËÍ⣬ ÎÒÃÇÒ²¿´µ½Õû¸ö <literal>"a"</literal>
·ÖÇøÍêÈ«´¦ÓÚÉ豸ÉÏ°üº¬ÁË Vinum Êý¾ÝµÄ <literal>"h"</literal>
·ÖÇøÖ®ÖС£</para>
<para>×¢Ò⣬ ÔÚÉÏÃæµÄÅäÖÃÖУ¬ Õû¸öÉ豸¶¼ÊÇ Vinum רÓõģ¬
¶øÇÒûÓÐÁôÏ Vinum ֮ǰµÄ¸ù·ÖÇø£¬ ÒòΪËüÓÀ¾ÃÐԵسÉΪÁËн¨µÄ
Vinum ÅäÖÃÖеÄÒ»¸ö×ÓÅÌ¡£</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>¹ÊÕÏÅųý</title>
<para>Èç¹ûÓöµ½ÁËÎÊÌ⣬ ÔòÐèÒª´ÓÖлָ´µÄ°ì·¨¡£
ÏÂÃæÁгöÁËһЩ³£¼ûµÄȱÏÝ£¬ ¼°Æä½â¾ö·½·¨¡£</para>
<sect3>
<title>ϵͳµÄÒýµ¼³ÌÐò¼ÓÔØÁË£¬ µ«ÎÞ·¨Æô¶¯</title>
<para>Èç¹ûÓÉÓÚijÖÖÔÒòϵͳ²»ÔÙ¼ÌÐøÆô¶¯£¬
Òýµ¼³ÌÐò¿ÉÒÔÔÚ 10-Ãë µ¹¼ÆʱµÄʱºò£¬ °´
<keycap>space</keycap> ¼üÀ´Í£Ö¹¡£
¼ÓÔØÆ÷±äÁ¿ (ÀýÈç <literal>vinum.autostart</literal>)
¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýʹÓà <command>show</command> ÃüÁîÀ´²é¿´£¬
²¢Ê¹Óà <command>set</command> ºÍ
<command>unset</command> ÃüÁîÀ´ÉèÖá£</para>
<para>Èç¹ûÓöµ½µÄÎÊÌâÊÇÓÉÓÚ Vinum µÄÄÚºËÄ£¿éûÓÐÁÐÈëÔ¤¼ÓÔصÄÁÐ±í£¬
¶øûÓÐÕýÈ·¼ÓÔØ£¬ Ôò¼òµ¥Ê¹ÓÃ
<command>load geom_vinum</command> »áÓÐËù°ïÖú¡£</para>
<para>´Ëºó£¬ ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ
<command>boot -as</command> À´¼ÌÐøÆô¶¯¹ý³Ì¡£ Ñ¡Ïî
<option>-as</option> »áÒªÇóÄÚºËѯÎÊËù¹Ò½ÓµÄ¸ùÎļþϵͳ
(<option>-a</option>)£¬ ²¢Ê¹Òýµ¼¹ý³ÌÔÚµ¥Óû§Ä£Ê½Í£Ö¹
(<option>-s</option>)£¬ ´Ëʱ¸ùÎļþϵͳÊÇÒÔÖ»¶Á·½Ê½¹Ò½ÓµÄ¡£
ÕâÑù£¬ ¼´Ê¹Ö»¹Ò½ÓÁ˶à plex ¾íÖеÄÒ»¸ö plex£¬
Ò²²»»áÒýÖ plex Ö®¼äÊý¾Ý²»Ò»ÖµÄÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
<para>µ±ÌáʾÊäÈëÒª¹Ò½ÓµÄ¸ùÎļþϵͳʱ£¬
¿ÉÒÔÊäÈëÈκÎÒ»¸ö°üº¬¸ùÎļþϵͳµÄÉ豸¡£
Èç¹ûÕýÈ·µØÅäÖÃÁË <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>£¬
ÔòĬÈϵÄÓ¦¸ÃÊÇÀàËÆ
<literal>ufs:/dev/gvinum/root</literal>¡£
Ò»°ã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÀàËÆ
<literal>ufs:da0d</literal> ÕâÑùµÄÉ豸À´´úÌæËü£¬
ÒòΪËüͨ³£°üÀ¨ÁË Vinum ֮ǰµÄ¸ùÎļþϵͳ¡£
ÐèҪעÒâµÄÊÇ£¬ Èç¹ûÔÚÕâÀïÊäÈëÁË
<literal>"a"</literal> ·ÖÇø£¬ ÔòËü¿ÉÄܱí´ïµÄʵ¼ÊÉÏÊÇ
Vinum ¸ùÉ豸µÄÒ»¸ö×ÓÅÌ£¬ ¶øÔÚ¾µÏñʽÅäÖÃÖУ¬
ÕâÖ»»á¹Ò½Ó¾µÏñµÄ¸ùÉ豸ÖеÄÒ»¸ö¡£
Èç¹ûÖ®ºó½«Õâ¸öÎļþϵͳÒÔ¶Áд·½Ê½¹Ò½Ó£¬
ÔòÐèÒª´Ó Vinum ¸ù¾íÖÐɾȥÆäËûµÄ plex£¬
·ñÔòÕâЩ¾íÖпÉÄÜ»á°üº¬²»Ò»ÖµÄÊý¾Ý¡£</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Ö»¼ÓÔØÁËÖ÷Òýµ¼³ÌÐò</title>
<para>Èç¹û <filename>/boot/loader</filename> ¼ÓÔØʧ°Ü£¬
¶øÖ÷Òýµ¼³ÌÐò¼ÓÔØÕý³£ (ÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±£¬ ÆÁÄ»×î×ó±ßÒ»ÁÐÓÐÒ»¸öÐýתµÄÏß)£¬
Ôò¿ÉÒÔ³¢ÊÔÔÚ´ËʱÖжÏÖ÷Òýµ¼³ÌÐòµÄ¹ý³Ì£¬ ·½·¨ÊÇ°´
<keycap>space</keycap> ¼ü¡£ Õ⽫ÔÚÒýµ¼µÄµÚ¶þ½×¶ÎÔÝÍ££¬
¾ßÌå¿ÉÒԲμû <xref linkend="boot-boot1"/>¡£
´Ëʱ£¬ ¿ÉÒÔ³¢ÊÔ´ÓÁíÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø£¬ ÀýÈçÔÏÈ°üº¬¸ùÎļþϵͳ£¬
²¢²»ÔÙ½Ð×÷ <literal>"a"</literal> µÄÄǸö·ÖÇø£¬ Æô¶¯¡£</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="vinum-root-panic">
<title>ÎÞ·¨Æô¶¯£¬ Òýµ¼³ÌÐò·¢Éú panic</title>
<para>ÕâÖÖÇé¿öÒ»°ãÊÇÓÉÓÚ Vinum °²×°¹ý³ÌÖÐÆÆ»µÁËÒýµ¼³ÌÐòÔì³ÉµÄ¡£
²»ÐÒµÄÊÇ£¬ Vinum Ä¿Ç°Ö»ÔÚ·ÖÇø¿ªÊ¼µÄµØ·½±£ÁôÁË 4 KB
µÄ¿Õ¼ä£¬ Ö®ºó¾Í¿ªÊ¼Ð´ Vinum Í·ÐÅÏ¢ÁË¡£ È»¶ø£¬
Ä¿Ç°µÚÒ»½×¶ÎºÍµÚ¶þ½×¶ÎµÄÒýµ¼³ÌÐò£¬ ¼ÓÉÏ bsdlabel
ǶÈëµÄÄÚÈÝÔòÐèÒª 8 KB¡£ Òò´Ë£¬ Èç¹û Vinum
·ÖÇø´ÓÆ«ÒÆÁ¿ 0 ¿ªÊ¼£¬ ¶øÕâ¸ö slice »ò´ÅÅÌÄܹ»Æô¶¯£¬
Ôò Vinum µÄ°²×°½«»ÙµôÒýµ¼³ÌÐò¡£</para>
<para>ÀàËƵأ¬ Èç¹û´ÓÉÏÊöÇéÐÎÖлָ´£¬ ÀýÈ磬
´Ó <quote>Fixit</quote> ÅÌÆô¶¯£¬ ²¢Í¨¹ý
<command>bsdlabel -B</command> °´ÕÕ <xref
linkend="boot-boot1"/> ÖнéÉܵķ½·¨À´»Ö¸´Òýµ¼³ÌÐò£¬
ÔòÒýµ¼³ÌÐò»á¸²¸Çµô Vinum Í·£¬ ÕâÑù Vinum Ò²¾ÍÕÒ²»µ½ËüµÄ´ÅÅÌÁË¡£
¾¡¹ÜÕâ²¢²»»áÕæµÄ»Ùµô Vinum µÄÅäÖÃÊý¾Ý£¬ »òÕß Vinum ¾íÉϵÄÊý¾Ý£¬
²¢ÇÒ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÊäÈëһģһÑùµÄ Vinum ÅäÖÃÊý¾ÝÀ´»Ö¸´£¬
µ«´ÓÕâÖÖ×´¿öÖÐÍêÈ«»Ö¸´ÊǷdz£À§Äѵġ£ ÒªÕæÕý½â¾öÎÊÌ⣬
±ØÐ뽫Õû¸ö Vinum ·ÖÇøÏòºóÒƶ¯ÖÁÉÙ 4 KB£¬
ÒÔ±ãʹ Vinum Í·ºÍϵͳµÄÒýµ¼³ÌÐò²»ÔÙ³åÍ»¡£</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</chapter>
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