path: root/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml

<!-- $Id: network.sgml,v 1.4 1999-04-21 05:26:08 foxfair Exp $ -->
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  <sect>
    <heading>ºô¸ô³]©w<label id="networking"></heading>

    <sect1>
      <heading>§ÚÀ³¸Ó¨ì­þÃä§ä¦³ÃöµLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷ (diskless booting) ªº¸ê®Æ?</heading>

      <p>µLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷´N¬OÅý FreeBSD ¥D¾÷±qºô¸ô¤W¶}¾÷,¨Ã¥B±qºô¸ô¤Wªº server ¤WŪ¨ú
      ¨ä¥L¥²­nªºÀÉ®×,¦Ó«D¥Ñ¥D¾÷ªºµwºÐ¤W¨ú±o³o¨ÇÀɮסC ¸Ô²Óªº¸ê®Æ¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò
      <url url="../handbook/diskless.html"
      name="FreeBSD ¤â¥UªºµLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷½g">

    <sect1>
      <heading>
        FreeBSD ªº¥D¾÷¥i¥H·í§@¬Y­Óºô¸ô¤Wªº¸ô¥Ñ¾¹ (router) ¶Ü ?
      </heading>

      <p>¥Ñ©óºô»Úºô¸ôªº¼Ð·Ç¤Æ©Mµ{¦¡³]­pªº¥R¤À¸gÅ礧½ç,§Ú­Ì
      ¯à°÷¦b FreeBSD ¨t²Î¤º«Ø«Ê¥]Âà¶Ç (packet fowarding) ªº¥\¯à¡C§A¥i¥H
      ±N³o­Ó¥\¯à¥´¶},¥u­n±N³o­ÓÅܼƳ]©w¬°
      <tt/YES/ ¦b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf"
      name="rc.conf">³o­ÓÀɮפ¤

      <verb>
        gateway_enable=YES          # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway
      </verb>

      <p>³o­Ó¿ï¶µ·|±N <htmlurl 
      url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sysctl" name="sysctl"> ÅܼƳ]©w
      <tt/net.inet.ip.forwarding/ ¬° <tt/1/.

      <p>¦b¤j³¡¤Àªºª¬ªp¤U, §AÁÙ¥²¶·¦A¶]¤@­Ó³B²z routing ªºµ{¦¡,§i¶Dºô¸ô¤Wªº¨ä¥L
      ¥D¾÷Ãö©ó§Aªº router ³]©wªº¸ê®Æ; FreeBSD
      ¥X¼t®É«K¤ºªþ¤@­Ó¼Ð·Çªº BSD routing µ{¦¡ 
      <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?routed"
      name="routed">, ¦pªG§Aªººô¸ô³]©w§ó¬°½ÆÂø,§A¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý
      <em/GaTeD/ (¥i¥H¥H FTP ¤è¦¡¥Ñ <tt/ftp.gated.Merit.EDU/ ¤U¸ü) 
      ³o­Óµ{¦¡¦Û 3_5Alpha7 «á¤ä´© FreeBSD .

      <p>§Ú­Ì¦³¥²­n§i¶D§A,´Nºâ¬O FreeBSD ¥H³oºØ¤è¦¡³]©w§¹¦¨
      , ¥¦ÁÙ¬OµLªk§¹¥þº¡¨¬ Internet ¹ï router ªº¼Ð·Ç©w¸q
      ;¤£¹L, ´N¤é±`¨Ï¥Î¦Ó¨¥¥¦¤w¸g¨¬°÷À³¥I¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº»Ý¨D¤F¡C

    <sect1>
      <heading>§Ú¥i¥H³z¹L FreeBSD ±N§Úªº Win95 ¾÷¾¹³s¤W Internet ¶Ü?</heading>

      <p>°ò¥»¤W, ·|°Ý³oºØ°ÝÃDªº¤H¦b®a¸Ì¦Ü¤Ö¦³¨â¥x¹q¸£, ¤@¥x¶] FreeBSD
      ¥t¥~¤@¥x¶] Win95; ³o­Ó¥D·N¬O±N FreeBSD ¥D¾÷³s¤W Internet
      ,µM«á³z¹L³o¥x FreeBSD ¥D¾÷,Åý¶] Win95 ªº¹q¸£¯à°÷¤Wºô¡C
      ³o­Ó°ÝÃDºâ¬O«e¤@­Ó°ÝÃDªº¤@­Ó¯S¨Ò¡C

      <p>³oÃ䦳­«­nªº¤å¥ó,±Ð§A«ç»ò§â FreeBSD ªº¥D¾÷³]©w¦¨
      <url url="http://www.ssimicro.com/~jeremyc/ppp.html"
      name="PPP Dialup Router">

      <p><bf/ª`·N:/ ¦b³oºØª¬ªp¤U§A¦Ü¤Ö­n¦³¨â­Ó¥H¤Wªº©T©w IP addresses
      , ¦³®É¬O¤T­Ó¥H¤W©Î§ó¦h²Õ IP ¦P®É¨Ï¥Î, µø§Aªº»Ý¨D¦Ó©w¡C
      ¦pªG§A¨S¦³©T©wªº IP ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î,§A¥i¥H¦Ò¼{¨Ï¥Î private IP
      ¤lºô¸ô,¨Ã¦w¸Ë <bf/proxies/ ¨Ò¦p
      <url url="http://squid.nlanr.net/Squid/" name="SQUID"> ©Î¬O
      <url url="http://www.tis.com/" name="the TIS firewall toolkit">
      ¦b§Aªº FreeBSD ¥D¾÷¤W¡C

      <p>¥t¥~¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò <ref id="natd">.

    <sect1>
      <heading>
        ¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b compile ISC ³Ì·sª©ªº BIND µ{¦¡®É¦Ñ¬O¥¢±Ñ?
      </heading>

      <p>¦b ``<tt/cdefs.h/'' Àɮפ¤ªº©w¸q»P FreeBSD ¨t²Î¤¤¤ºªþ
      ªºÀɮשw¸q¦³©Ò½Ä¬ð¡Cª½±µ§â
      <tt>compat/include/sys/cdefs.h</tt> ¬å±¼´N¥i¥H¤F¡C

    <sect1>
      <heading>FreeBSD ¤ä´© SLIP ©M PPP ¶Ü?</heading>

      <p>¬Oªº¡C §A¥i¥H¬d¬d man pages ¤¤Ãö©ó 
      <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?slattach"
      name="slattach">, <htmlurl
      url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sliplogin" name="sliplogin">,
      <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppd" name="pppd"> ¥H¤Î 
      <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> ªº»¡©ú.
      <tt/pppd/ ©M <tt/ppp/ ³£´£¨Ñ¼·¶i¤Î¼·¥Xªº¥\¯à¡C
      <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sliplogin"
      name="Sliplogin"> ±Mªù³B²z¦³Ãö¼·¤Jªº¥\¯à,¦Ó
      <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?slattach"
      name="slattach"> ³B²z¦³Ãö¼·¥Xªº¥\¯à¡C

      <p>³o¨Çµ{¦¡¦³¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú,§A¥i¥H¦b
      <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="handbook">¤¤§ä¨ì:

      <itemize>
        <item><url url="../handbook/slips.html"
        name="SLIP (server ºÝ) ªº»¡©ú">

        <item><url url="../handbook/slipc.html"
        name="SLIP (client ºÝ) ªº»¡©ú">

        <item><url url="../handbook/ppp.html"
        name="PPP (kernel ¼Ò¦¡) ªº»¡©ú">

        <item><url url="../handbook/userppp.html"
        name="PPP (¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡) ªº»¡©ú">
      </itemize>

      <p>¦pªG§A¥u¯àÂÇ¥Ñ"shell account"ªº¤è¦¡¤Wºôªº¸Ü,
      §A¥i¯à·|·Q¬Ý¬Ý <htmlurl
      url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^slirp" name="slirp">
      ³o­Ó³nÅé¡C ¥¦¥i¥HÅý§Aªº¹q¸£ª½±µ³s¤W (¬Y¨Ç) ªA°È,
      ¨Ò¦p ftp ©M http µ¥µ¥¡C

    <sect1>
      <heading>
        FreeBSD ¤ä´© NAT ©Î Masquerading ¶Ü?<label id="natd">
      </heading>

      <p>¦pªG§A¦³¤@­ÓªñºÝªº¤lºô¸ô(¦³¤@¥x¥H¤Wªº¾÷¾¹), ¦ý¬O§Aªº Internet provider
      «o¥u¤À°t¤@­Ó IP number µ¹§A
      (©ÎªÌ§A¥u¤À°t¨ì¤@­Ó°ÊºAªº IP number), §A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò
      <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?natd" name="natd">
      ³o­Óµ{¦¡¡C  <tt/Natd/ Åý§A¥i¥H³z¹L³o¤@­Ó IP number Åý¾ã­Ó¤lºô¸ôªº¹q¸£³£¯à
      ³s¤W internet ¡C

      <p><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp"
      name="ppp"> ³o­Óµ{¦¡¤]´£¨ÑÃþ¦üªº¥\¯à , ¦pªG§A¤U
      <tt/-alias/ ³o­Ó¿ï¶µªº¸Ü¡C  <htmlurl
      url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias" name="alias library">
      ¦b³o¨â­Ó³B²z¤è¦¡¤¤³£·|³Q¨Ï¥Î¨ì¡C

    <sect1>
      <heading>
        §Ú¤£¯à¨Ï¥Î ppp ,§Ú°µ¿ù¤F¤°»ò¶Ü ?<label id="userppp">
      </heading>

      <p>§AÀ³¸Ó¥ý¬Ý¬Ý <htmlurl
      url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp man page"> ©M
      <url url="../handbook/userppp.html"
      name="ppp ¨Ï¥Î»¡©ú">¡C¨Ï¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O¨Ó¥´¶}°O¿ý (logging) ªº¥\¯à

      <verb>
        set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command
      </verb>

      <p>³o­Ó©R¥O¥i¥H¦b <bf/ppp/ command prompt ©ÎªÌ¬O¦b
      <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</tt> ²ÕºAÀɮפ¤¥[¤J¡C
      (¥[¦b <bf>default</bf> section ªº¶}ÀY³Ì¦n).
      ½T©w¦b <htmlurl
      url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?syslog.conf"
      name="/etc/syslog.conf"> ¸Ì­±¦³³o»ò¤@¦æ:

      <verb>
        !ppp
        *.*              /var/log/ppp.log
      </verb>

      <p>¦Ó¥B<tt>/var/log/ppp.log</tt> ³o­ÓÀɮצs¦b¡C ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó
      §A¥i¥H±q log Àɮפ¤ª¾¹D¨ì©³µo¥Í¤F¤°»ò¨Æ±¡¡C
      ¥ý¤£¥Î¾á¤ßÀɮתº¤º®e§A¬Ý¤£À´, ¦pªG§A­n¦V¤H¨D±Ïªº¸Ü
      , ±Ï§Aªº¤H·|¬Ý±oÀ´ªº¡C

      <p>¦pªG§A¨t²Î¤Wªº¨º¥÷ ppp ¤£´£¨Ñ "set log"
      ªº«ü¥Oªº¸Ü, §AÀ³¸Ó¥h¤U¸ü
      <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~brian" name="³Ì·sª©¥»">.
      ³o­Óª©¥»¦b FreeBSD 2.1.5 ¥H¤Wªºª©¥»³£¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡C

      <sect2>
        <heading>§Ú¤@°õ¦æ ppp ,¥¦´N±¾¦b¨ºÃ䤣°Ê¤F</heading>

        <p>·|µo¥Í³oºØ±¡§Î³q±`¬O§Aªº hostname ¨S¦³¿ìªk¸Ñ¥X¨Ó¡C ¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD
        ³Ì¦nªº¿ìªk¬O½T©w <tt>/etc/hosts</tt> ·|³Q§Aªº resolver ²Ä¤@­Ó°Ñ¦Ò¨ì¡C
        §A¥i¥H­×§ï<tt>/etc/host.conf</tt>
        ¨Ã¥B§â<tt>hosts</tt> ©ñ¨ì³Ì«e­±.  ±µµÛ, ¥u­n§â§Aªº¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ©ñ¨ì
        <tt>/etc/hosts</tt> ¸Ì­±´N¥i¥H¤F¡C  ¦pªG§A¨S¦³
        local network ªº¸Ü, ­×§ï <tt>localhost</tt> ³o¤@¦æ:

        <verb>
127.0.0.1	foo.bar.com foo localhost
        </verb>

        §_«h, ´N§â§A¥D¾÷ªº¸ê°T¥[¤JÀɮפ¤¡C  §A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò
        ¬ÛÃöªº man pages ¥HÀò±o¶i¤@¨Bªº¸ê°T¡C
        <p>¦pªG§A¶¶§Qªº§¹¦¨³o¨Ç°Ê§@, §AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦¨¥\ªº°õ¦æ <tt>ping -c1 `hostname`</tt>
        .

      <sect2>
        <heading>Ppp ¦b -auto ¼Ò¦¡¤U¤£¯à¼·¸¹</heading>

        <p>­º¥ý½T©w§Aªº¤º©w¸ô¥Ñ (default route) ¬O§_¦³³]©w¡C ¤U <htmlurl 
        url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat">
        name="netstat -rn"> ³o­Ó«ü¥O, §AÀ³¸Ó¯à°÷¬Ý¨ì¦p¥H¤U½d¨Òªº¨â­Ó entries :

        <verb>
Destination        Gateway            Flags     Refs     Use     Netif Expire
default            10.0.0.2           UGSc        0        0      tun0
10.0.0.2           10.0.0.1           UH          0        0      tun0
        </verb>

        <p>³o¨Ç³]©w¬O°²³]±z¨Ï¥Îªº address ¸ò handbook ¸Ì­±ªº¡B©Î¬O man
        page ªº½d¨Ò¡B©ÎªÌ©M ppp.conf.sample ¸Ìªº³]©w¬Û¦P¡C¦pªG±z¨S¦³³]©w
        default route¡A¨º»ò¦³¥i¯à±z²{¦b¨Ï¥Îª©¥»ªº <htmlurl
        url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp">¡Aªº
        ppp ·|¬Ý¤£À´ ppp.conf ¸Ìªº <tt/HISADDR/¡C¦pªG±zªº¨t²Î <bf/ppp/
        ¬O¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ¤§«eªº¸Ü, ­×§ï³o¤@¦æ

        <verb>
          add 0 0 HISADDR
        </verb>

        <p>¦¨¬°

        <verb>
          add 0 0 10.0.0.2
        </verb>

        <p>default route ³o¦æ¨S¦³¥X²{ªº¥t¤@­Ó­ì¦]¬O§A³]¿ù¤F default
        router¡A³o­Ó³]©w¦b <htmlurl
        url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf"
        name="/etc/rc.conf"> Àɮפ¤(³o­ÓÀɮצb release 2.2.2 «e¥s
        <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt>)¡A§A»Ý­n¦b <tt>ppp.conf</tt> ¤¤¥[¤J³o
        »ò¤@¦æ

        <verb>
          delete ALL
        </verb>

        <p>¦pªGµo¥Í³oºØ±¡§Î, ¦^¨ì handbook <url
        url="../handbook/userppp:final.html" name="userppp ³Ì«á³]©w">
        ªº»¡©ú¤¤¬d¸ß¡C

      <sect2>
        <heading>¤°»ò¥s°µ "No route to host"</heading>

        <p>³o­Óª¬ªp³q±`¬O¦]¬°¯Ê¤Ö¤F³o¬q³]©w

        <verb>
          MYADDR:
            delete ALL
            add 0 0 HISADDR
        </verb>

        <p>½ÐÀˬd±zªº <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</tt> Àɮפ¤¬O§_¦³³o¨Ç³]©w¡C
        ¥u¦³¦b±z¨Ï¥Î°ÊºA IP(dynamic IP) ©Î¤£ª¾¹D±z gateway ªº IP ®É¤~»Ý­n
        ³]©w³o­Ó¡C¦pªG±z¬O¨Ï¥Î interactive mode ªº¸Ü, ±z¥i¥H¦b¶i¤J packet
        mode «á¿é¤J¦p¤U©R¥O(¦pªG ppp ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹Åܦ¨¤j¼gªº <bf/PPP/¡A«K¥Nªí¤w
        ¸g¶i¤J packet mode)¡G

        <verb>
          delete ALL
          add 0 0 HISADDR
        </verb>

        <p>±z¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò handbook ¤¤ <url url="../handbook/userppp:dynamicIP.html"
        name="PPP ©M°ÊºA IP ¦ì§}"> ªº³¡¥÷¡A¦³¸û¸ÔºÉªº»¡©ú¡C

      <sect2>
        <heading>§Úªº³s½u¦b¤T¤ÀÄÁ«á¦Û°ÊÂ_±¼¤F</heading>

        <p>ppp ¹w³]ªº timeout ­È¬O¤T¤ÀÄÁ¡C¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤U³o¦æ©R¥O½Õ¾ã

        <verb>
          set timeout NNN
        </verb>

        <p>³o¥Nªí¦pªG¦b <bf/NNN/ ¬í¤ººô¸ô³£¨S¦³°ÊÀRªº¸Ü¡Appp ´N·|¦Û°ÊÃö³¬
        ³s½u¡C¦pªG <bf/NNN/ ³]¦¨ 0¡A¨º»ò±N¤£·|¦]¬°¨S¦³¸ê®Æ¨Ó©¹¦ÓÃö³¬³s½u¡C
        §A¥i¥H§â³o¦æ©R¥O©ñ¨ì <tt>ppp.conf</tt> ³o­ÓÀɮ׸̭±¡A©Î¬O¦b
        interactive mode ¸Ì­±¿é¤J³o­Ó«ü¥O¡A¤]¥i¥H¥Î <htmlurl
        url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?telnet" name="telnet"> ©Î
        <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppctl"
        name="pppctl"> ³s¨ì <bf/ppp/s ¦øªA¾¹ªº socket¡A¦b³s½u«áÀH®É½Õ¾ã
        timeout ªº­È¡C°Ñ¦Ò <htmlurl
        url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> man page
        ¥HÀò±o§ó¸ÔºÉªº¸ê®Æ.

      <sect2>
        <heading>§Úªº³s½u¦]¬°­t²ü¤Ó­«¦ÓÂ_½u</heading>

        <p>¦pªG±z³]©w­n¥Î Link Quality Reporting(LQR)¡A±z©M¹ï¤è¥D¾÷¤§¶¡´N
        ¦³¥i¯à¿ò¥¢¤Ó¦hªº LQR «Ê¥]¡CPpp ·|¦]¦¹§PÂ_¹q¸Ü½u¸ô¦³°ÝÃD¡AµM«á´N·|
        ¤ÁÂ_³s½u¡C¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ª©¥H«e¡A¤º©w·|¨Ï¥Î LQR¡A²{¦bªº¤º©w­È¬O
        ¤£¥Î¡CLQR ¥i¥H¥Î³o¤@¦æ©R¥O¨ú®ø

        <verb>
          disable lqr
        </verb>

      <sect2>
        <heading>ppp ·|¤£©w®ÉªºÂ_½u</heading>

        <p>¦³®É­Ô¦pªG½u¸ô¤W¦³¤Ó¦hÂø°T¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦pªG±z¨Ï¥Î¤F¹q¸Ü´¡¼·ªA°Èªº¸Ü¡A
        ±zªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷±N·|±¾Â_¹q¸Ü¡A¦]¬°¥¦»~»{³o¨Ç°T®§¬O lost carrier¡C

        <p>¤j³¡¤Àªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷³£¦³®e§Ô¼È®É¥¢¥h carrier ªº³]©w¡C¥H USR Sportster
        ¬°¨Ò¡A¥¢¥h carrier ©M±¾Â_¹q¸Ü¤§¶¡ªº®É¶¡¡A¬O¥H 1/10 ¬í¬°³æ¦ì¦s¦b
        S10 ¼È¦s¾¹¤¤¡C¦pªG­nÅý±zªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¯à®e§Ô§óªøªº®É¶¡¡A§A¥i¥H¦b dial
        string ¸Ì­±¥[¤J¥H¤U "°e¥X©R¥O - µ¥«Ý¦r¦ê" ªº³¡¥÷¡G

        <verb>
          set dial "...... ATS10=10 OK ......"
        </verb>

        <p>°Ñ¦Ò¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤ºªþªº»¡©ú®Ñ¥H¨ú±o§ó¸Ô²Óªº¸ê®Æ¡C

      <sect2>
        <heading>³s½u·|¤£©w®É·í±¼</heading>

        <p>³\¦h¤Hªº³s½u·|²@µL¨Ó¥Ñªº¥d¦í¡A­º¥ý­n°µªº¬O§ä¥X³s½u¨º¤@¤è·í±¼¡C

        <p>¦pªG¥Îªº¬O¥~±µ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A´N¥Î <tt/ping/ ¨Ó¬Ý¦b¶Ç¸ê®Æ®É¡A<tt/TD/ ¿O¸¹
        ·|¤£·|°{¡C¦pªG·|ªº¸Ü¡]¨Ã¥B <tt/RD/ ¤£·|°{¡^¡A¥Nªí¬O¹ï¤è¥X°ÝÃD¡F¦pªG
        ¤£·|¡A«h¬O¦Û¤vªº°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG¥Î¤º±µ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A¥ý¦b <tt/ppp.conf/ ¤¤¥[¤J
        <tt/set server/ ³o¹D«ü¥O¡A·í³s½u·í±¼®É¡A°õ¦æ pppctl ³s¨ì ppp¡C¦pªGºô
        ¸ô³s½u¬ðµM¦n¤F¡]¦]¬° ppp ¬Ý¨ì¥Î¨Ó¶EÂ_°ÝÃDªº socket¡^©ÎµLªk³s¤W¡]°²³]
        ¦b¤@¶}©l¥i¥H°õ¦æ <tt/set socket/ ³o¹D«ü¥O¡^¡Aªí¥Ü¥»¦a¥X°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG³s
        ±o¤W ppp «o¤´µM¤£¯à¥Î¡A¥Î <tt/set log local async/ ¥´¶}¥»¦aªº«D¦P¨B
        °O¿ý¡A±µµÛ¦b¥t¤@­Óµøµ¡¡]©Î²×ºÝ¾÷¡^°õ¦æ <tt/ping/ ¦b³s½u¤W¶Ç°e¸ê®Æ¡C
        «D¦P¨B°O¿ýªº¥\¯à·|¦P®ÉÅã¥Ü°e¥X©M±µ¦¬ªº¸ê®Æ¡A¦pªG¸ê®Æ¥u¥X¤£¶i¡A´N¬O¹ï
        ¤è¾÷¾¹¥X°ÝÃD¡C

        <p>ª¾¹D¬O¥»¦a©Î¹ï¤è¥X°ÝÃD«á¡A´N¦³¨âºØ¥i¯à¡G

        <sect3>
          <heading>¹ï¤èªº¾÷¾¹¨S¦³¦^À³</heading>

          <p>¦b³o¤è­±¯à§@ªº¬Û·í¦³­­¡A¤j³¡¥÷ªº ISP ·|¦]¬°§A¤£¬O¥Î Microsoft
          §@·~¨t²Î¦Ó¤£Ä@À°¦£¡C¥i¥H¦b <tt/ppp.conf/ ¤¤¥[¤J <tt/enable lqr/¡A
          ¤¹³\ ppp °»´ú¹ï¤èªº¿ù»~¦Ó±¾Â_¡A¦ý³o­Ó¹Lµ{¬Û·íºC¡A©Ò¥H¤£¤j¹ê¥Î¡C¤]
          ³\¤£·Q§i¶D ISP §A¬O¥Î user-ppp ¤W½uªº....

          <p>­º¥ý¡A¥Î¤U­±¨â¹D©R¥OÃö±¼©Ò¦³¥»¦aªºÀ£ÁY¥\¯à¡G

          <verb>
            disable pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj
            deny pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj
          </verb>

          <p>µM«á­«·s³s½u¡A½T©w³o¼Ë¤£·|¦³©Ò¤£¦P¡C¦pªG¤Ï¦Ó¦³¶i¨B©Î¬Æ¦Ü±N°ÝÃD
          ¸Ñ¨M±¼¡A´N¥Î¸Õ»~ªk¨Ó§ä¥X¬O¨º­Ó³]©w³y¦¨ªº¡C³o¼Ë¦bÁpµ¸ ISP ®É´N¥i¥H
          ´£¨Ñ¬Û·í¦³¥Îªº¸ê®Æ¡]ÁöµM·|«Ü®e©ö¬Ý¥X§A¤£¬O¥Î Microsoft ªº²£«~¡^¡C

          <p>¦bÁpµ¸ ISP ¤§«e¡A¥´¶}¥»¦aªº«D¦P¨B°O¿ý¥\¯à¡A±µµÛ´Nµ¥³s½u¦A«×·í±¼¡A
          ³o¥i¯à·|¥Î¨ì¬Û·í¤jªºµwºÐªÅ¶¡¡C³Ì«á±q³s±µ°ðŪ¶iªº¸ê®Æ¥i¯à·|¬Û·í¦³¥Î¡A
          ¥¦³q±`¬O ASCII ¤å¦r¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦³¥i¯à·|»¡©ú°ÝÃD¥X¦b¨º¸Ì(``Memory fault,
          core dumped''?)¡C

          <p>¦pªG ISP Ä@·N¨ó§Uªº¸Ü¡AÀ³¸Ó·|¦b¥L­Ì¨º¤@ºÝ¤]¥´¶}°O¿ý¥\¯à¡A¨º»ò¦b
          ¤U¦¸³s½u·í±¼®É¡A´N¥i¥H§i¶D§A¬°¦ó·|¥X°ÝÃD¡C«ÜÅwªï±N¸Ô²Ó¤º®e°e¨ì <url
          url="mailto:brian@Awfulhak.org" name="brian@Awfulhak.org">¡A¬Æ¦Ü­n
          ¨D ISP ª½±µ¦V§Ú³sµ¸¡C

        <sect3>
          <heading>¦Û¤vªº Ppp ·í±¼¤F</heading>
          <p>³o¸Ì¯à°µªº³Ì¦h´N¬O­«·s½sĶ ppp¡G¦b Makefile ³Ì«á­±¥[¤W
          <tt/CFLAGS+=-g/ ©M <tt/STRIP=/¡A±µµÛ°µ
          <tt/make clean &amp;&amp; make &amp;&amp; make install/¡C¦b ppp ·í
          ±¼®É¡A¥ý¥Î <tt/ps ajxww |fgrep ppp/ §ä¥X ppp ªº process id¡AµM«á°õ
          ¦æ <tt/gdb ppp PID/¡C¦b gdb ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¤U¡A¥i¥H¥Î <tt/bt/ §ä¥X stack
          trace¡C

          <p>±Nµ²ªG°e¨ì <url url="mailto:brian@Awfulhak.org"
          name="brian@Awfulhak.org">.

      <sect2>
        <heading>¦b¬Ý¨ì Login OK! ªº°T®§¥H«á´N¨S¦³¤ÏÀ³¤F</heading>

        <p>¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ¥H«eªºª©¥»¤W¡A¤@¥¹³s½u«Ø¥ß§¹¦¨¥H«á¡A
        <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp">
        ·|µ¥¹ï¤èªº¾÷¾¹±Ò°Ê Line Control Protocol (LCP)¡C«Ü¦h ISP ¤£·|¦Û°Ê
        ±Ò°Ê¡A¦Ó¬Oµ¥«Ý¥Ñ client ºÝ¨Ó±Ò°Ê¡C­n±j­¢ <bf/ppp/ ¥D°Ê±Ò°Ê LCP¡A½Ð
        °õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡G

        <verb>
          set openmode active
        </verb>

        <p><bf/Note/: ³q±`¦pªG¨âÃä³£±Ò°Ê°T®§¥æ´«ªº¸Ü¡A³q±`¤£·|³y¦¨¥ô¦ó°Æ§@
        ¥Î¡A©Ò¥H openmode ¥Ø«e¤º©w¬O¥´¶}ªº¡CµM¦Ó¡A¤U¤@¬q±N¸ÑÄÀ¦b¤°»òª¬ªp¤U
        ³o¼Ë³]©w <bf/¯uªº/ ·|³y¦¨°Æ§@¥Î¡C

      <sect2>
        <heading>§Ú¤@ª½¬Ý¨ì magic being the same ªº¿ù»~°T®§</heading>

        <p>¦³®É´N¦b³s¤W¤§«á¡A¦b°O¿ýÀÉ·|¬Ý¨ì "magic is the same" ªº°T®§¡C³q
        ±`³o¨Ç¬OµL®`ªº¡A¦³®É­Ô¬Y¤@ºÝ«h·|Â_½u¡C¤j¦h¼Æªº ppp ¹ê§@µLªk¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó
        °ÝÃD¡A´Nºâ¦ü¥G³s¤W¤F¡A¦b°O¿ýÀɤ]¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¤@ª½­«½Æªº configure request
        ©M configure acknowledgement ¤§Ãþªº·¾³q°T®§¡Appp ³Ì«á·|©ñ±ó¦ÓÃö±¼³s
        ½u¡C

        <p>·|µo¥Í³oºØ°ÝÃDªº³q±`±¡ªp¬O¡A¦øªA¾¹¥Î³t«×ºCªºµwºÐ¡B¦b³q°T°ð¤W°õ¦æ
        getty¡B¨Ã¥Bµ¥¨ì¨Ï¥ÎªÌµn¤J«á¤~¥Î script ©Îµ{¦¡°õ¦æ ppp¡F¤]¦³Å¥»¡¥Î
        slirp ´N¤@©w·|µo¥ÍÃþ¦ü°ÝÃDªº³ø§i¡C­ì¦]¬O¦b getty µ²§ô©M ppp ¶}©l°õ¦æ
        ªº³o¬q®É¶¡¤º¡Aclient ºÝªº ppp ¶}©l°e¥X Line Control Protocol(LCP) «Ê
        ¥]¡A¥Ñ©ó¦øªA¾¹³q°T°ðªº ECHO ¤´¦b¥´¶}ª¬ºA¡Aclient ºÝªº ppp ´N·|¬Ý¨ì°e
        ¥X¥hªº«Ê¥]³Q "¤Ï¼u" ¦^¨Ó¡C

        <p>¦b¥Î LCP ·¾³q®É¡A¦³³¡¥÷¬O­n³s½u¨âÃä¤À§O«Ø¥ß¦Û¤vªº magic number¡A
        ¨Ó°»´ú¤ÎÁקK«Ê¥]³Q "¤Ï¼u" ¦^¨Óªºª¬ªp¡C¨ó©w¼Ð·Ç¤¤»¡·í¹ï¤è¸Õ¹Ï¥Î©M¦Û¤v
        ¬Û¦Pªº magic number ·¾³q®É¡A­n°eµ¹¹ï¤è¤@­Ó NAK ªº°T¸¹¡]ªí¥Ü¤£±µ¨ü¡^¡A
        ±µµÛ¹ï¤è´N·|¿ï¥t¤@­Ó¼Æ¦r¡C¦ý¦b¦øªA¾¹³q°T°ð ECHO ¤´¥´¶}ªº³o¬q´Á¶¡¡A
        client ºÝªº ppp °e¥X LCP «Ê¥]¡A¬Ý¨ì¬Û¦Pªº magic number¡A©ó¬O°e¥X
        NAK °T¸¹¡C³o­Ó NAK ¤]·|³Q "¤Ï¼u" ¦^¨Ó¡A³Q»~»{¥Ñ¹ï¤è°e¥X¡A¦]¦¹ client
        ºÝ·|§ïÅܦۤvªº magic number¡C³o¼Ë magic number ªºÅܰʦ¸¼Æ·|«D±`¦a¦h¡A
        ¨Ã¥B¤]¥þ³£¦s¦b¹ï¤èªº²×ºÝ¾÷½w½Ä°Ï¤¤¡C·í¦øªA¾¹±Ò°Ê ppp ®É¡A¥¦°¨¤W´N
        ³Q magic number ªº¤j¶q§ó°Ê©Ò²T¨S¡A¨Ã¥B¡]´X¥G¬O¥ß¨è¡^¨M©w¤w¸g¸Õ°÷¤F
        LCP ¦Ó©ñ±ó¡F¦b³o´Á¶¡¡Aclient ºÝÁöµM¦A¤]¬Ý¤£¨ì³Q¤Ï¼uªº«Ê¥]¡A¦ý«o¨Ó±o
        ¤Î¬Ý¨ì¦øªA¾¹§â¹q¸Ü½u±¾±¼¡C

        <p>¤¹³\Åý¹ï¤è¨Ó§@ LCP ·¾³q¥i¥HÁקK³oºØ±¡§Î¡A¦b ppp.conf ¤¤¥[¤U­±³o
        ¤@¦æ¡G

        <verb>
          set openmode passive
        </verb>

        <p>³o¦æ§i¶D ppp ¥Ñ¹ï¤è¨Ó±Ò°Ê LCP¡A¤£¹L¦³¨Ç¦øªA¾¹¥Ã»·³£¤£·|¥D°Ê·¾³q
        ¡A¦b³oºØ±¡ªp¤U¡A¥i¥H³o»ò³]©w¡G

        <verb>
          set openmode active 3
        </verb>

        <p>³o¬O­n ppp µ¥­Ó¤T¬íÄÁ¡AµM«á¦A¶}©l°e LCP ¬ÛÃö­n¨D¡C¦pªG¹ï¤è¦b³o
        ¬q®É¶¡°e¥X LCP «Ê¥]¡Appp ´N¤£·|µ¥¨¬¤T¬í¦Ó¥ß¨è¦^À³¡C

      <sect2>
        <heading>
          LCP ªº·¾³q¤@ª½¨ì³s½uÃö³¬¤~µ²§ô</heading>

        <p>¥Ø«e <bf/ppp/ ¦b¹ê§@¤W¦³­Ó·|¥X°ÝÃDªº "¥\¯à"¡A¤£·|±N LCP¡BCCP
        &amp; IPCP ³o´XºØ«Ê¥]ªº¦^À³©M­ì¥ý­n¨D§@¹ï·Ó¡Cµ²ªG¬O¦pªG¦³¤@¤èªº
        <bf/ppp/ ±Ò°Ê®É¤ñ¹ï¤èºC¤F¤»¬í¥H¤W¡A¹ï¤è·|¦b¨ä¶¡¦h°e¥X¨â­Ó LCP ªº³]©w
        ­n¨D¡A«áªG¬Û·íÄY­«¡C

        <p>°²³]¦³¨âºÝ <bf/A/ ©M <bf/B/ ³£¦b°õ¦æ ppp¡A<bf/A/ ¦b³s½u«á¥ß¨è
        °e¥X LCP ­n¨D¡A<bf/B/ «hªá¤F¤C¬í¤~¶}©l¡A©Ò¥H·í <bf/B/ ±Ò°Ê®É¡A<bf/A/
        ¦­¤w°e¥X¤T­Ó LCP REQ(request)¡C§Ú­Ì¤]°²³]³s½u¤w±N ECHO Ãö±¼¡A§_«h´N
        ·|¬Ý¨ì¤W­Ó°ÝÃD´£¨ìªº magic number °ÝÃD¡C<bf/B/ ±Ò°Ê®É¤]·|°e¥X REQ¡A
        ¦P®É¹ï <bf/A/ °e¥Xªº²Ä¤@­Ó REQ ¦^À³¡A°e¥X ACK(acknowledge)¡CA ¦¬¨ì³o
        ­Ó ACK «á·|¶i¤J <bf/OPENED/ ª¬ºA¡A¦P®É¤]¹ï <bf/B/ ªº²Ä¤@­Ó REQ °e¥X
        ACK¡C¦ý¦b³o¬q´Á¶¡¡A<bf/B/ ·|¬Ý¨ì <bf/A/ ¤§«e¦h°e¥Xªº¨â­Ó REQ¡A¦]¦Ó¤]
        ¥H¨â­Ó ACK ¦^À³¡C<bf/B/ ±µµÛ¬Ý¨ì <bf/A/ ¶Ç¨Óªº²Ä¤@­Ó ACK¡A¦]¦¹¤]¶i¤J
        <bf/OPENED/ ª¬ºA¡C¦ý³o®É <bf/A/ ¦¬¨ì <bf/B/ ¦h°eªº¨â­Ó ACK¡C®Ú¾Ú
        RFC ªº³W©w¡A·|¹ï²Ä¤G­Ó ACK °e¥X²Ä¥|­Ó REQ ¦Ó¦^¨ì <bf/REQ-SENT/ ª¬ºA
        ¡]¦A­«½Æ¤@¦¸ REQ-ACK ªº¹Lµ{¡^¡A¦ý¤@¬Ý¨ì²Ä¤T­Ó ACK¡A<bf/A/ ¥H¬°¬O
        <bf/B/ ¦^À³­è­è°e¥Xªº REQ¡A¤S¶i¤J <bf/OPENED/ ª¬ºA¡C¦¹®É <bf/B/ ¦¬¨ì
        <bf/A/ µo¥Xªº²Ä¥|­Ó REQ¡A®Ú¾Ú RFC¡A·|¹ï³o­Ó REQ °e¥X ACK¡AµM«á¦A°e¥X
        ²Ä¤G­Ó REQ¡]¤]¬O¦A­«½Æ¤@¦¸ REQ-ACK ªº¹Lµ{¡^¡C<bf/A/ ¦¬¨ì³o­Ó REQ «á
        ·|¦A­«·s°e REQ ¦Ó¦^¨ì <bf/REQ-SENT/ ª¬ºA¡A±µµÛ¤S¦¬¨ì ACK ¦Ó¶i¤J
        <bf/OPENED/ ª¬ºA¡C¦]¦¹Âù¤è³£·|¥H¬°¦¬¨ìªº ACK ¬O¹ï¤è¦^À³­è­è°e¥X¥hªº
        REQ¡A³Ì«á <bf/A/ ·|¤@ª½¦b <bf/OPENED/ ©M <bf/REQ-SENT/ ¨âºØª¬ºA¶¡¤Á
        ´«¡A¹ï <bf/B/ «h¬O <bf/OPENED/ ©M <bf/ACK-SENT/¡C

        <p>³oºØ´c©Ê´`Àô·|¤@ª½«ùÄòµÛ¡Aª½¨ì¦³¤@¤èµo²{¦Û¤v¦b­ì¦a¥´Âà¦Ó©ñ±óÄ~Äò
        ¤U¥h¡C

        <p>ÁקK³oºØ±¡ªpªº³Ì¦n¤è¦¡¡A¬O±N¬Y¤@ºÝ³]¦¨<bf/³Q°Ê¼Ò¦¡/¡Ð¤]´N¬Oµ¥¥t¤@
        ¤è¥ý¶}©l·¾³q¡A¥Î³o¹D©R¥O¡G

        <verb>
          set openmode passive
        </verb>

        ¥Î³o­Ó¿ï¶µ®É­n¤p¤ß¡AÀ³¸Ó©M³o­Ó©R¥O¤@°_¥Î¡G

        <verb>
          set stopped N
        </verb>

        ³o·|³]©w <bf/ppp/ µ¥«Ý¹ï¤è¶}©l·¾³qªº®É¶¡¤W­­¡A¥t¤@­Ó¤èªk¬O¥Î¡G

        <verb>
          set openmode active N
        </verb>

        ¨ä¤¤ <bf/N/ ¬O¦b¥D°Ê·¾³q¤§«e¥ýµ¥«Ýªº¬í¼Æ¡Aman page ¦³§ó¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú¡C

      <sect2>
        <heading>Ppp ¦b³s½u«á´N¥d¦í¤F</heading>

        <p>¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ¤§«eªºª©¥»¡A¦³¥i¯à¦]¬° <bf/ppp/ ¦b³B²z Predictor1
        À£ÁY®Éµo¥Í¿ù»~¡A¨Ï±o¦b³s½u«á°¨¤W´N¥d¦í¡C¥u¦³·í³s½uÂù¤è³£¸Õ¹Ï¥Î¤£¦P
        ºØ Compression Control Protocol(CCP) ·¾³q®É¡A¤~·|µo¥Í³oºØ±¡§Î¡C³o­Ó
        °ÝÃD¤w¸g¸Ñ¨M¤F¡A¦ý¦pªG¤´¦b¥Îª©ªº <bf/ppp/¡A¥i¥H¥Î³oºØ¤èªkÁקK¡G

        <verb>
          disable pred1
        </verb>

      <sect2>
        <heading>¥Î shell ¸õ¥X Ppp °µ´ú¸Õ®É¡A³s½u¦ü¥G¥d¦í¤F</heading>

        <p>¦b¥Î <tt/shell/ ©Î <tt/!/ ©R¥O®É¡A<bf/ppp/ ·|°õ¦æ shell(<bf/ppp/
        ¤]·|§â§A«ü©wªº°Ñ¼Æ¶Çµ¹ shell)¡APpp ·|µ¥¨ì³o¨Ç©R¥Oµ²§ô«á¤~Ä~Äò¡C¦pªG
        ¦³¨Ï¥Î¨ì ppp ³s½uªº©R¥O¡A³s½u·|¹³¬O³Q­á¦í¤F¡A³o¬O¦]¬° <bf/ppp/ ¥¿¦b
        µ¥³o¨Ç«ü¥Oµ²§ô¡C

        <p>¦pªG·Q°õ¦æµ{¦¡¡A¥Î <tt/!bg/ ³o­Ó©R¥O¡A¥¦·|§âµ{¦¡¥á¨ì­I´º°õ¦æ¡Appp
        ±µµÛ´N¯àÄ~Äò«O«ù³s½u¡C

      <sect2>
        <heading>¦b null-modem ½u¤W«Ø¥ßªº Ppp ¦n¹³¤£·|¦Û°ÊÂ_½u</heading>

        <p>¥Ñ©ó null-modem ¥»¨­¥Îªº½u§÷¡A<bf/ppp/ ¨S¦³¿ìªk¦Û°Ê¨M©w¬O§_
        ¬Y­Óª½±µ³s½u¤w¸gÂ_±¼¡C·í¨Ï¥Î³oÃþ¤è¦¡ªº³s½u®É¡A¤@©w­n¥´¶} LQR¡G

        <verb>
          enable lqr
        </verb>

        <p>¤º©w¬O·|±µ¨ü LQR¡A¦pªG¹ï¤è¥Î¥¦¨Ó·¾³qªº¸Ü¡C

      <sect2>
        <heading>¬°¤°»ò ppp ¦b -auto ¼Ò¦¡¤U·|µL½tµL¬G¼½¸¹¡H</heading>

        <p>¦pªG <bf/ppp/ «D¹w´Á¦a¼½¸¹¡A´N¥²¶·­n§ä¥X­ì¦]¡AµM«á³]©w¼½¸¹¹LÂo
        ¾¹¡]dfilter, Dial filter¡^¨ÓÁקK³oºØ±¡§Î¡C

        <p>­n§ä¥X­ì¦]¡A¥ý¥Î³o­Ó©R¥O¡G

        <verb>
          set log +tcp/ip
        </verb>

        <p>³o¼Ë·|°O¿ý¸g¥Ñ³s½uªº©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ¡C¤U¦¸¦pªG¤SµL¬G¼½¸¹¡A´N¥i¥H±q°O¿ý
        ®ÇÃ䪺®É¶¡«Ü§Ö§ä¨ì­ì¦]¡C

        <p>²{¦b¥i¥HÁקK¦]¬°³o¨Ç­ì¦]¼½¸¹¡C³q±`¬O¦b§@ DNS ¬d¸ß®É¤~·|µo¥Í³oºØ
        °ÝÃD¡A­nÁקK¦] DNS ¬d¸ß¦Ó³s½u¡]³o¼Ë<bf/¤£·|/¨Ï <bf/ppp/ ¦b³s½uª¬ºA
        ¤U¾×±¼³o¨Ç«Ê¥]¡^¡A¥Î¤U­±³o´X¦æ¡G

        <verb>
          set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53
          set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53
          set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0
        </verb>

        <p>³oºØ°µªk¨Ã¤£¥Ã»·¾A¥Î¡A¦]¬°¥¦¨Æ¹ê¤W¨Ï±o§AµLªk¥Î demand-dial ¥\¯à
        ¡Ð ¤j³¡¥÷µ{¦¡¦b°µºô¸ô¬ÛÃö°Ê§@«e³£·|¥Î¨ì DNS ¬d¸ß¡C

        <p>¦b DNS ³o­Ó±¡ªp¤U¡AÀ³¸Ó¸ÕµÛ§ä¥X¨ì©³¬O½Ö·Q­n¸Ñ¥X¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡A³q±`´X
        ¥G³£¬O¥Ñ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sendmail"
        name="sendmail"> ©Ò³y¦¨¡A©Ò¥H­n¦b sendmail ³]©wÀɤ¤«ü¥Ü¥¦¤£­n°µ¥ô¦ó
        DNS ¬d¸ß¡C¦b <ref id="ispmail" name="Mail ³]©w">¤¤¦³¸Ô²Ó»¡©ú¦p¦ó§@¥X
        ¦Û¤vªº³]©wÀÉ¡B¤Î¸Ì­±À³¸Ó©ñ¨º¨Ç³]©w¡A§A¤]³\·Q­n±N¤U¤@¦æ¥[¤J <bf/.mc/
        Àɤ¤¡G

        <verb>
          define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl
        </verb>

        <p>³o·|¨Ï sendmail ¥ý¾×µÛ©Ò¦³«H¥ó¡Aª½¨ì°e«H®É¦A¤@»ô°e¥X¥h¡]³q±`
        sendmail °õ¦æ®É¬O¥Î ``-bd -q30m'' ³o­Ó°Ñ¼Æ¡A§i¶D¥¦¨C¤T¤Q¤ÀÄÁ¤~°e«H¡^
        ©Î¬O¦³¤H°õ¦æ ``sendmail -q''¡]¤]³\¥i¥H©ñ¦b ppp.linkup ¸Ì¡^¡C

      <sect2>
        <heading>³o¨Ç CCP ¿ù»~°T®§¬O«ü¡H</heading>

        <p>§Ú¦b log Àɤ@ª½¬Ý¨ì³o¨Ç¿ù»~°T®§¡G

        <verb>
          CCP: CcpSendConfigReq
          CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6)
        </verb>

        <p>³o¬O¦]¬° ppp ¸Õ¹Ï§@ Predictor1 À£ÁY¤è­±ªº·¾³q¡A¦ý¹ï¤èªº¾÷¾¹«o§¹
        ¥þ¤£¥ÎÀ£ÁY¥\¯à¡C³o¨Ç°T®§¬OµL®`ªº¡A¦ý¦pªG¤£·Q¬Ý¨ì¥¦ªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H§â¥»¦a
        ppp ªº Predictor1 À£ÁY¤]¤@°_Ãö±¼¡G

        <verb>
          disable pred1
        </verb>

      <sect2>
        <heading>¶ÇÀɮ׮ɵo¥Í IO ¿ù»~¡AµM«á Ppp ´N±¾±¼¤F</heading>

        <p>¦b FreeBSD 2.2.2 ¤Î¥ý«eªºª©¥»¤¤¡Atun ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦³­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¥¦¤£·|
        ±µ¦¬¨º¨Ç¤j¹L tun ¤¶­± MTU ªº«Ê¥]¡C¦pªG¦¬¨ì¤ñ MTU ¤jªº«Ê¥]¡A¥¦·|¥Î
        syslogd °O¿ý¬° IO ¿ù»~¡C

        <p>¦ý ppp ³W®æ¤¤¦³´£¨ì¡A¤£ºÞ LCP ·¾³qªºµ²ªG¦p¦ó¡AMRU ³Ì¤pªº¥i±µ¨ü
        ­È<bf>¥Ã»·</bf>¬O 1500¡C©Ò¥H¦³¥i¯à§A¤£¤p¤ß±N MTU ½Õ§C©ó 1500¡AISP
        ·|¤£²z¥¦¦Ó°e¥X 1500 ¤j¤pªº«Ê¥]¡AµM«á´N·|IJµo¤W­zªº "¥\¯à"¡C

        <p>¦b FreeBSD 2.2.2 ¤Î¤§«eªºª©¥»¤¤¡A¥Ã»·¤£­n±N MTU ½Õ§C©ó 1500¡A´N
        ¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C

      <sect2>
        <heading>¬°¤°»ò ppp ¤£·|°O¿ý§Úªº³s½u³t«×¡H</heading>

        <p>¦pªG­n°O¿ý¹q¸£©M¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¶¡ªº¨C¤@¦æ ``¹ï¸Ü''¡A¥Î¤U¤@¦æ¥´¶}¡G

        <verb>
          set log +connect
        </verb>

        <p>³o·|¨Ï <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp"
        name="ppp"> °O¿ý©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ¡Aª½¨ì¼½¸¹¦r¦ê³Ì«á¤@­Óµ¥«Ýªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¶Ç¦^­È
        ¬°¤î¡C

        <p>¦pªG¨Ï¥Î PAP ©Î CHAP (¦]¬°¨S¦³ "set login" ©R¥O¡A©Ò¥H³]©wÀɤ¤
        CONNECT ¤§«á´N¤£·|¬Ý¨ì¥ô¦ó¹ï¸Ü)¡A·Q­n¬Ý¨ì³s½u³t«×ªº¸Ü¡A½T©w ppp
        µ¥«Ýªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¶Ç¦^­È¬O CONNECT ³o¤@¾ã¦æ¡A¹³³o¼Ë¡G

        <verb>
          set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n"
        </verb>

        <p>³o¼Ë¦b¬Ý¨ì CONNECT «á¤£·|°e¥X¥ô¦óªF¦è¡A±µµÛ¦Aµ¥­Ó´«¦æ¦r¤¸¡A±j
        ­¢ <bf/ppp/ Ū¨ú¦^À³ªº CONNECT ¤@¾ã¦æ¡C

      <sect2>
        <heading>Ppp ¤£²z·| chat script ¤¤ªº `\' ¦r¤¸</heading>

        <p>Ppp ·|¥h¤ÀªR³]©wÀɤ¤ªº¨C¤@¦æ¡A³o¼Ë¥¦¤~·|¥¿½T¸ÑŪ¹³¬O
        <tt/set phone "123 456 789"/ ªº¦r¦ê¡]§AÀ³¸Óª¾¹D³o­Ó¼Æ¦r¥u¬O
        <bf/¤@­Ó/°Ñ¼Æ¡A¦pªG­n«ü©w ``"'' ³o­Ó¦r¤¸¡A¥²¶·¦b¥¦«e­±¥Î¤Ï±×½u
        (``\'')±N¥¦¸õ¶}¡^¡C

        <p>·í¸ÑĶµ{¦¡¤ÀªR¨C­Ó°Ñ¼Æ®É¡A¬°¤F§ä¥X¦r¦ê¤¤©Ò¦³¹³¬O ``\P'' ``\T''
        ªº¸õ²æ¦r¤¸¡]¨£ man page¡^¡A¥²¶·­«·s¸ÑĶ¸Ó°Ñ¼Æ¡C¦b³oºØÂù­«¤ÀªR¤§¤U¡A
        §A¥²¶·°O±o¥Î¥¿½Tªº¸õ²æ¼Æ¥Ø¡C

        <p>°²³]­n¹ï¼Æ¾Ú¾÷°e¥X ``\'' ³o­Ó¦r¤¸¡AÀ³¸Ó¹³¬O¡G

        <verb>
          set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK"
        </verb>

        <p>³o¼Ë«h·|±o¨ì¤U­±³o¦ê¡G

        <verb>
          ATZ
          OK
          AT\X
          OK
        </verb>

        <p>¦pªG¬O

        <verb>
          set phone 1234567
          set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T"
        </verb>

        <p>«h·|±o¨ì¤U­±µ²ªG¡G

        <verb>
          ATZ
          OK
          ATDT1234567
        </verb>

      <sect2>
        <heading>Ppp ¸I¨ì¤F seg-fault¡A¦ý§ä¤£¨ì <tt/ppp.core/ ³o­ÓÀÉ¡H
        </heading>

        <p>Ppp (©Î¥ô¦óÃþ¦üªºµ{¦¡) À³¸Ó¤£¥i¯à¦³ core dump¡C¥Ñ©ó ppp °õ¦æ®É
        ªº effective user id ¬O 0 (§Y¥H root ¨­¥÷°õ¦æ)¡A§@·~¨t²Î¦b²×¤î ppp
        «e¤£·|¹ïºÏºÐ¼g¥¦ªº core ¬M¹³ÀÉ¡C¦pªG ppp <bf/¯uªº/¦]¬° segmentation
        violation ©Î¨ä¥L¤@¯ë·| core dump ªº signal ¦Ó²×¤î¡B<bf/¨Ã¥B/½T©w¥Î
        ªº¬O³Ì·sª©¥»(¨£¥»¸`¶}ÀY)¡A¨º»ò§A¥i¥H³o»ò°µ¡G

        <verb>
          $ tar xfz ppp-*.src.tar.gz
          $ cd ppp*/ppp
          $ echo STRIP= >>Makefile
          $ echo CFLAGS+=-g >>Makefile
          $ make clean all
          $ su
          # make install
          # chmod 555 /usr/sbin/ppp
        </verb>

        <p>§A²{¦b¤w¸g¸Ë¤W¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó°£¿ùªº ppp ª©¥»¡A¥Ñ©óÅv­­¤W¨S¦³§@¯S§O³]©w¡A
        ©Ò¥H¥²¶·¥H root ¨Ó°õ¦æ ppp¡A¶¶«K¤]­nª`·N¬O¦b¨º­Ó¥Ø¿ý°õ¦æªº¡C

        <p>²{¦b¦pªG ppp ¸I¨ì¤F segmentation violation¡A´N·|±N coredump ¦s¦b
        ppp.core Àɤ¤¡A±µ¤U¨Ó´N¬O¡G

        <verb>
          $ su
          # gdb /usr/sbin/ppp ppp.core
          (gdb) bt
          .....
          (gdb) f 0
          .....
          (gdb) i args
          .....
          (gdb) l
          .....
        </verb>

        <p>®Ú¾Ú§Aªº°ÝÃD¨Ó¨ú±o¬ÛÃö¸ê®Æ¡A´N¥i¥H¶EÂ_°ÝÃD¥X¦b¨º¸Ì¡C

        <p>¦pªG¼ô±x gdb¡A¤]³\·|·Q§ä¥X¨ä¥Lªº¸Ô²Ó¸ê®Æ¡A¹³¬O¨º­Ó°Ê§@³y¦¨
        dump¡B¤Î¬ÛÃöÅܼƪº¦ì§}¤Î¼Æ­Èµ¥¡C

      <sect2>
        <heading>
          ¦b -auto ¼Ò¦¡¤U¡A¨Ï ppp ¼½¸¹ªºµ{¦¡¦b³s½u«á«o³s¤£¨ì¥Øªº¦a
        </heading>

        <p>³o¬O³]©w <bf/ppp/ ¦b -auto ¼Ò¦¡¦V¹ï¤è¨ú±o°ÊºA IP ®Éªº¤wª¾°ÝÃD¡A
        ¦b³Ì·sª©ªº ppp ¤w¸g¸Ñ¨M¤F ¡Ð ¦b man page ¤¤¥Î <bf/iface/ ÃöÁä¦r§ä§ä
        ¬Ý¡C

        <p>·í¥Î¨ìºô¸ôªºµ{¦¡©I¥s <htmlurl
        url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?connect" name="connect(2)">
        ®É¡Asocket endpoint ·|³]¦¨ tun ³o­Ó¬É­±ªº IP¡Akernel ±µµÛ²£¥Í­n°e¥X
        ¥hªº²Ä¤@­Ó«Ê¥]¡A§â¥¦¶Çµ¹ tun¡A<bf/Ppp/ Ū¨ì³o­Ó«Ê¥]«á´N·|¶}©l«Ø¥ß³s
        ½u¡C¦pªG <bf/ppp/ ¥Îªº¬O°ÊºA¤À°t IP¡A¨º»ò´N·|§ïÅÜ tun ¬É­±ªº¦ì§}¡A
        ­ì¥ýªº socket endpoint ´N¦¨¬°¤£¥¿½Tªº­È¡C±µµÛ°e¨ì¹ï¤èªº«Ê¥]³q±`³£·|
        ³Q¥á±¼¡A´Nºâ¯à¶¶§Q¹F¨ì¹ï¤è¾÷¾¹¡A¥Ñ©ó¸Ó¨Ó·½ IP ¤wµ¹¨ä¥L¤H¨Ï¥Î¡A¥ô¦ó¦^
        À³¤]¤£·|³Q¶Ç¦^¥»¦aªº¾÷¾¹¤W¡C

        <p>²z½×¤W¡A¦³¦n´XºØ¤èªk¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG ISP Ä@·N¨C¦¸³£´£¨Ñ¬Û¦P
        IP ·íµM¬O³Ì¦n <tt/:-)/¡A¥Ø«eª©¥»ªº <bf/ppp/ ·|°µ¨ì³o¤@ÂI¡A¦ý¤j¦h¼Æªº
        ppp ¹ê§@¤£·|³o»ò°µ¡C

        <p>±q client ºÝ³Ì®e©öªº¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¬O¡A¥Ã»·³£¤£­n§ïÅÜ tun ¬É­±ªº IP ­È¡A
        ¦ý¬O±N©Ò¦³¥X¥hªº«Ê¥]¨Ó·½ IP ±q­ì¥ýªº tun ¬É­± IP §ï¬°³s½u®É¨ú±oªº
        IP¡A°ò¥»¤W³o´N¬O³Ì·sª© <bf/ppp/ ¸Ì <tt/iface-alias/ ¿ï¶µªº°µªk¡]¨Ï¥Î
        ¤F <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias"
        name="libalias(3)"> ©M°õ¦æ ppp ®Éªº <bf/-alias/ °Ñ¼Æ¡^¡Ð°O¦í¤§«e©Ò¦³
        ¥Î¹Lªº tun ¬É­± IP¡A¦A§â¥þ³¡´«¦¨³Ìªñ¤@¦¸®³¨ìªº¦ì§}¡C

        <p>¥t¤@ºØ¤èªk¡]¥i¯à¬O³Ì¥i¾a¡^¬O¼g­Ó¥i¥H­×§ï©Ò¦³ socket endpoint ­Èªº
        system call¡C·í®³¨ì·sªº IP ®É¡A<bf/Ppp/ ´N¥i¥H¥Î¥¦¨Ó­×§ï©Ò¦³°õ¦æµ{¦¡
        ©Ò«Ø¥ßªº socket¡C·í DHCP client µ{¦¡¹ï socket ­«·s¨Ï¥Î bind() ®É¡A¤]
        ¥i¥H¥Î¦P¼Ëªº©I¥s¡C

        <p>ÁÙ¦³¤@­Ó¥i¯à«h¬O¤¹³\¤£¥Î IP¡A´N¥i¥H±Ò¥Î¬Y­Óºô¸ô¬É­±¡C°e¥X¥hªº«Ê¥]
        ¨Ó·½ IP ·|³]¦¨ 255.255.255.255¡Aª½¨ì SIOCAIFADDR ³o­Ó ioctl ²Ä¤@¦¸°õ
        ¦æ§¹¦¨¬°¤î¡C³o¼Ë·|§¹¥þ³sµ² socket ªº¨âºÝ¡A¦Ó¥Ñ <bf/ppp/ ¨Ó­×§ï¨Ó·½ªº
        IP ­È¡A¦ý¥u¦³·í­ì¨Ó IP ­È¬O 255.255.255.255 ®É¡B©ÎªÌ IP ­È©M IP °»¿ù
        ½X»Ý­n­×§ï®É¤~·|¥h§ó°Ê¡C³oºØ¤è¦¡¦³ÂIºâ¬O hack¡A§Y kernel ¥i¥H¹ï¨S³]
        ©w¦nªº¬É­±°e¥XÃa±¼ªº«Ê¥]¡A¦]¬°°²³]·|¦³¨ä¥L¾÷¨î¥i¥H­×¥¿³oºØ¿ù»~¡C

      <sect2>
        <heading>¬°¦óª±¤j¦h¼Æ¹CÀ¸®É¡A³£¤£¯à¨Ï¥Î -alias ³o­Ó°Ñ¼Æ¡H</heading>

        <p>¹CÀ¸©ÎÃþ¦üµ{¦¡¤£¯à©M libalias ·f°t¨Ï¥Îªº­ì¦]¬O¡A¥~­±ªº¾÷¾¹¸ÕµÛ¹ï
        µÛ¤º³¡ªº¾÷¾¹¶}±Ò³s½u¡B©Î¡]¤£½Ð¦Û¨Ó¦a¡^°e¥X UDP «Ê¥]¡A¦Ó alias «Ê¥]ªº
        ³nÅ餣ª¾¹D¥¦À³¸Ó§â³o¨Ç«Ê¥]°e¨ì¸Ì­±ªº¾÷¾¹¥h¡C

        <p>¸Ñ¨Mªº¤è¦¡¬O¡A¥ý½T©w²{¦b¥u¦³°õ¦æ¨º­Ó·|¥X°ÝÃDªºµ{¦¡¡AµM«á¦b
        gateway ¾÷¾¹¤W¹ï tun ¬É­±°õ¦æ tcpdump¡B©Î¦b¤W­±¥´¶}°O¿ý tcp/ip ªº¥\
        ¯à¡]``set log +tcp/ip''¡^¡C

        <p>¦b±Ò°Ê¥X°ÝÃDªºµ{¦¡®É¡AÀ³¸Ó·|¦b gateway ¾÷¾¹¤W¬Ý¨ì¦³«Ê¥]³q¹L¡A·í¥~
        ¬É¦³¶Ç¦^«Ê¥]®É«h·|³Q¥á±¼¡]³o´N¬O°ÝÃD©Ò¦b¡^¡C°O¤U³o¨Ç«Ê¥]­n°e¨ì¥Øªº¦a
        ªº¨º­Ó°ð¡AµM«áÃö±¼µ{¦¡¡C­«½Æ´X¦¸¡A¬Ý¬Ý¬O§_³£­n°e¨ì¦P¼Ë©T©wªº°ð¡A¦pªG
        ¬Oªº¸Ü¡A¦b /etc/ppp/ppp.conf ¬ÛÃö¦ì¸m¥[¤W³o¤@¦æ¡A´N¥i¨Ïµ{¦¡¥¿½T¹B§@¡G

        <verb>
          alias port proto internalmachine:port port
        </verb>

        <p>¨ä¤¤ ``proto'' ¬O ``tcp'' ©Î ``udp''¡A``internalmachine'' ¬O­n±µ
        ¦¬³o¨Ç«Ê¥]ªº¾÷¾¹¡A``port'' «h¬O³o¨Ç«Ê¥]­n°e¨ì¨º­Ó°ð¡C

        <p>¦pªG­n¦b¨ä¥L¾÷¾¹¤W°õ¦æ¦P¼Ëµ{¦¡¡A¥²¶·­«½Æ¦P¼Ë¹Lµ{­×§ï¤W¤@¦æ³]©w¡A
        §_«h´N¤£¯à¥¿±`¨Ï¥Î¡F¤]¤£¥i¯à¦b¨â¥x¤º³¡¾÷¾¹¤W¦P®É¨Ï¥Î¡Ð²¦³º¥~¬É¥u¬O§â
        ³o­Ó¤º³¡ºô¸ô¬Ý¦¨¤@¥x¾÷¾¹¦Ó¤w¡C

        <p>¦pªG«Ê¥]¤£¤@©w°e¨ì¦P¼Ëªº°ð¡A§A¦³¤TºØ¿ï¾Ü¡G

        <p><bf>1)</bf> ¦b libalias ¥[¤J¹ï¥¦ªº¤ä´©¡A
        /usr/src/lib/libalias/alias_*.c ¦³¤@¨Ç ``¯S¨Ò'' ªº¥Ü½d¡]alias_ftp.c
        ¬O­Ó¤£¿ùªº­ì«¬ÀÉ¡^¡C³q±`¬OŪ¨ú¬Y¨Ç¥i¥H»{±o¥Xªº¥~°e«Ê¥]¡A§ä¥X­n¥~­±³s
        ¨ì¤º³¡¾÷¾¹¬Y­Ó°ðªº«ü¥O¡AµM«á¦b alias ªí¤¤³]©w ``route''¡A¥H«á¦A¦¬¨ì
        ³oºØ«Ê¥]´Nª¾¹D­n©¹¨º¸Ì°e¡C

        <p>³o¬O³Ì§xÃøªº¸Ñªk¡A¦ý¤]¬O³Ì¦nªº¡A¨Ã¥BÁÙ¥i¥H¦b¦h¥x¾÷¾¹¤W¥Î¦P¼Ëµ{¦¡¡C

        <p><bf>2)</bf> ¨Ï¥Î proxy¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¸ÓÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¤]³\¤ä´© socks5¡A©Î¬O
        ¦³­Ó ``passive'' ªº¿ï¶µ¡]¹³¬O ``cvsup''¡^¥i¥HÁקK¹ï¤è¦V¤º³¡¾÷¾¹´£¥X
        ³s½uªº­n¨D¡C

        <p><bf>3)</bf> ¥Î ``alias addr'' §â©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ³£Â൹¤º³¡¾÷¾¹¡A³o¬O³Ì«á
        ¤~¥Îªº¼É¤Oªk¡C

        <sect3>
          <heading>¨º¸Ì¥i¥H§ä¨ì±`¥Î°ðªº¦Cªí¡H</heading>

          <p>²{¦bÁÙ¨S¦³¡A¦ý¥i¥H±N³o¨Ç§Ë¦¨¤@­Ó¦W³æ¡]¦pªG¦³¤H·P¿³½ìªº¸Ü¡^¡G

          <itemize>
            <item><bf>Quake</bf>
            <p>Quake ¬O»¡¥Î UDP 6112 ³o­Ó°ð¡A©Ò¥H¦pªG Quake ¦øªA¾¹ªº IP ¬O
            <tt>hostmachine</tt>¡A¨º»ò
            <tt>alias port udp hostmachine:6112 6112</tt> ³o¤@¦æÀ³¸Ó´N¥i¥H¥¿
            ±`¹B§@¡C¦pªG·Q¥Î¨ä¥L¤è¦¡¡A<htmlurl
            url="http://www.battle.net/support/proxy/" name="www.battle.net">
            ¦³ Quake ¹ï proxy ¤ä´©ªº»¡©ú¡C
          </itemize>

      <sect2>
        <heading>¤°»ò¬O FCS ¿ù»~¡H</heading>

        <p>FCS ¬O <bf/F/rame <bf/C/heck <bf/S/equence ªºÁY¼g¡C¨C¤@­Ó ppp
        «Ê¥]³£ªþ¦³°»¿ù½X¨Ó½T©w¦¬¨ìªº¸ê®Æªº½T¬O°e¥Xªº¸ê®Æ¡C¦pªG¶i¨Óªº¬Y­Ó
        «Ê¥] FCS ¤£¥¿½T¡A´N¥á±¼³o­Ó«Ê¥]¡B¦A§â HDLC ¸Ìªº FCS ­p¼Æ¾¹¥[ 1¡C
        ¥Î <tt>show hdlc</tt> «K¥i¬Ý¨ì HDLC ¸Ìªº¦UºØ¿ù»~­p¼Æ­È¡C

        <p>¤£¨}½u¸ô(©Î«Ê¥]³Q¦ê¦C°ðªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥á±¼)¦³®É­Ô´N·|µo¥Í FCS ¿ù»~¡A
        ÁöµM¥¦ªº½T·|¤j¤j©ìºCÀ£ÁY¨ó©w¡A¤£¹L³q±`³o¨S¤°»ò¤j¤£¤F¡C¦pªG§A¥Îªº
        ¬O¥~±µ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A½T©w¦³«OÅ@½u¸ô¤£¨ü¥~¬É¤zÂZ ¡Ð ³o¼Ë»¡¤£©w´N¸Ñ¨M¤F¡C

        <p>¦pªG¦b³s¤W®É°¨¤W´N­á¦í¡B¨Ã¥BÁ٬ݨì¤@¤j°ï FCS ¿ù»~ªº¸Ü¡A¦³¥i¯à
        ¬O¦]¬°§Aªº³s½u¨Ã«D¬O 8 bit clean¡C½T©w¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤£¬O¥Î³nÅé¬yµ{±±¨î
        (XON/XOFF)¡A¦pªG§Aªº³s½u<bf>¤@©w</bf>­n¥Î³nÅé¬yµ{±±¨îªº¸Ü¡A¥Î
        <tt>set accmap 0x000a0000</tt> ³o¹D©R¥O§i¶D <bf>ppp</bf> ¸õ¹L ^Q
        ©M ^S ³o¨â­Ó¦r¤¸¡C

        <p>¬Ý¨ì¤@¤j°ï FCS ¿ù»~ªº¥t¤@­Ó­ì¦]¡A¬O³s½u¥t¤@ºÝ¤£¦A¨Ï¥Î <bf/PPP/
        ·¾³q¡C³o®É­Ô¤]³\À³¸Ó¥´¶} <tt/async/ ªº°O¿ý¥\¯à¡A¨Ó¨M©w¬O§_¶i¨Óªº
        ¸ê®Æ¨ä¹ê¬O login ©Î shell ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡C¦pªG¥t¤@ºÝ¬O shell ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡A
        ¥ý°õ¦æ <tt>close lcp</tt>¡B±µµÛ <tt>term</tt> ´N¥i¥H­«·s³s±µ¨ì¹ï
        ¤è¾÷¾¹ªº shell ¤U¡A¦Ó¤£¥Î±¾±¼¹q¸Ü½u¡C

        <p>¦pªG°O¿ýÀɸ̨S¦³¥ô¦ó¸ê°T¥i¥H«ü¥Ü³s½u¬°¦óÂ_±¼¡A¨º»ò´N¸Ó°Ý°Ý¥t¤@
        ºÝªººÞ²z­û(§Aªº ISP¡H) «ç»ò·|³o¼Ëµ²§ô¡C

      <sect2>
        <heading>¨S¦³¤@­Ó¤èªk¥i¥H¥Î¡A§Ú§¹³J¤F°Õ¡I</heading>

        <p>¦pªG¤W­±»¡ªº³£¨S¥Î¡A´NºÉ¥i¯à§ä¥X©Ò¦³¸ê°T¡A³o¥]¬A¤F³]©wÀÉ¡B¦p¦ó
        ±Ò°Ê <bf/ppp/¡Blog Àɪº¬ÛÃö³¡¥÷¡B³s½u«e«áªº <htmlurl
        url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat" name="netstat -rn">
        ¿é¥Xµ²ªG¡A§â³o¨Ç°e¨ì <url url="mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org"
        name="freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org"> mailing list ©Î
        <url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc"
        name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc"> newsgroup¡A³o¼ËÀ³¸Ó´N·|¦³¤H«üÂI
        ¥¿½Tªº¤è¦V¡C

    <sect1>
      <heading>§Ú¨S¦³¿ìªk«Ø¥ß <tt>/dev/ed0</tt> ³o­Ó device!</heading>

      <p>¦b Berkeley ºô¸ô¬[ºc¤¤, ¥u¦³ kernel µ{¦¡½X¥i¥Hª½±µ¦s¨úºô¸ô¬É­±¥d.
      ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <tt>/etc/rc.network</tt> ³o­ÓÀɮשM manual pages ¨ú±o»P¨ä¥L¤£¦Pºô¸ôµ{¦¡
      §ó¶i¤@¨Bªº¸ê°T.  ¦pªG§Aı±o§A§¹¥þ·d²V¤Fªº¸Ü, ±zÀ³¸Ó§ä¤@¥»»P¨ä¥L BSD ¬ÛÃö
      §@·~¨t²Îºô¸ôºÞ²z¦³Ãö®Ñ¨Ó°Ñ¦Ò; °£¤F¤Ö¼ÆÅãµÛªº¤£¦P¥~, FreeBSD ªººô¸ôºÞ²z
      °ò¥»¤W©M SunOS 4.0 ©M Ultrix ¬O¤@¼Ëªº.


    <sect1>
      <heading>§Ú¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß Ethernet aliases?</heading>

      <p>§â ``<tt/netmask 0xffffffff/'' ¥[¨ì§Aªº <htmlurl 
      url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig" name="ifconfig">
      ©R¥O¦C¤¤,¨Ò¦p:

      <verb>
        ifconfig ed0 alias 204.141.95.2 netmask 0xffffffff
      </verb>

    <sect1>
      <heading>§Ú¦p¦ó«ü©w§Úªº 3C503 ¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥L¤£¦Pªºªº network port?</heading>

      <p>¦pªG±z·Q¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥Lªº port, §A¥²¶·¦b
      <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig"
      name="ifconfig"> ªº©R¥O¤¤«ü©wÃB¥~ªº°Ñ¼Æ. ¤º©wªº
      port ¬O ``<tt/link0/''. ­n¨Ï¥Î AUI port ¥N´À
      BNC port ªº¸Ü, §ï¥Î ``<tt/link2/''.  ³o¨Ç flags À³¸Ó§ïÅÜ
      ifconfig_* ªºÅܼƨӫü©w,§A¥i¥H¦b³o­ÓÀɮ׸̭±§ä¨ì <htmlurl
      url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf">.

    <sect1>
      <heading>§Ú¦b³s¤W/¿é¥X FreeBSD ªº NFS ®É¥X²{°ÝÃD.</heading>

      <p>¬Y¨Ç PC ªººô¸ô¥d¤ñ¨ä¥Lªº¦n(§t»Wªº»¡¨Ó)
      ³oºØª¬ªp¦b³y¦¨ NFS ³oºØ¹ïºô¸ô±Ó·Pªºµ{¦¡¦³®É·|¥X²{°ÝÃD.

      <p>°Ñ¦Ò <url url="../handbook/nfs.html" name="the Handbook entry on NFS">
      ¥HÀò±o³o­Ó¥DÃDªº§ó¦h¸ê°T.

    <sect1>
      <heading>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à NFS-mount Linux ªº¾÷¾¹?</heading>

      <p>¬Y¨Çª©¥»ªº Linux NFS µ{¦¡½X¥u±µ¨ü privileged port ªº mount request
      ; ¸Õ¥Î³o¦æ«ü¥O¬Ý¬Ý

      <verb>
        mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt
      </verb>

    <sect1>
      <heading>W¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à NFS-mount Sun ªº¾÷¾¹?</heading>

      <p>¶] SunOS 4.X ªº Sun ¤u§@¯¸¥u±µ¨ü¨Ó¦Û privileged port ªº mount request
      ; ¸Õ¥Î³o¦æ«ü¥O¬Ý¬Ý

      <verb>
        mount -o -P sunbox:/blah /mnt
      </verb>

    <sect1>
      <heading>§Ú¦b¨Ï¥Î PPP ³s½u¨ì NeXTStep ¾÷¾¹®É¦³°ÝÃD.</heading>

      <p>§â TCP extensions ¨ú®ø, ³o­Ó³]©w¦b <htmlurl
      url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf"> ¸Ì­±.
      §â¥H¤U³o­Ó­È³]¦¨ NO:

      <verb>
        tcp_extensions=NO
      </verb>

      <p>Xylogic ªº Annex ¥D¾÷¤]¦³¬Û¦Pªº°ÝÃD,±z­n°µ¬Û¦Pªº­×§ï¤~¯à³s¤W
	³o¨Ç¥D¾÷.

    <sect1>
      <heading>§Ú­n«ç¼Ë¤~¯à§â IP multicast support ¥´¶}?</heading>

      <p>Multicast host operations are fully supported in FreeBSD 2.0 and
      later by default.  ¦pªG±z·Q±N±zªº¥D¾÷³]©w¦¨ multicast router ªº¸Ü, 
      ±z¥²¶·­«·s compile ±zªº kernel, ¥[¤J <tt>MROUTING</tt>
      ªº¿ï¶µ,¨Ã¥B°õ¦æ <tt/mrouted/.  ¦pªG±zªº<tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> ¸Ì­±ªº
      <tt/mrouted_enable/ ³o­Ó°Ñ¼Æ¬O³]©w¦¨"YES" ªº¸Ü.FreeBSD 2.2 ¤Î¤§«áªº
      ª©¥»·|¦b¶}¾÷®É°õ¦æ <tt/mrouted/ .

      <p>MBONE ªº¦UºØ¤u¨ã¥i¥H¦b¥L­Ì ports ¤U©ÒÄÝ¥s°µ mbone¥Ø¿ý¤¤§ä¨ì.
      ¦pªG±z¦b§äµø°T·|ijªº¤u¨ã¦p <tt/vic/ ©M <tt/vat/ ªº¸Ü,
      ¨ì¨ºÃä§ä§ä!

      <p>¦pªG»Ý­n§ó¶i¤@³¡ªº°T®§,§ä§ä 
      <url url="http://www.mbone.com/" name="Mbone Information Web">.

    <sect1>
      <heading>­þ¨Çºô¸ô¥d¬O¨Ï¥Î DEC PCI chipset?</heading>

      <p>¥H¤U¬O <url url="mailto:gfoster@driver.nsta.org"
      name="Glen Foster">´£¨Ñªº²M³æ:

      <verb>
        Vendor          Model
        ----------------------------------------------
        ASUS            PCI-L101-TB
        Accton          ENI1203
        Cogent          EM960PCI
        Compex          ENET32-PCI
        D-Link          DE-530
        Dayna           DP1203, DP2100
        DEC             DE435
        Danpex          EN-9400P3
        JCIS            Condor JC1260
        Linksys         EtherPCI
        Mylex           LNP101
        SMC             EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332)
        SMC             EtherPower (Model 8432)
        TopWare         TE-3500P
        Zynx            ZX342
      </verb>

    <sect1>
      <heading>¬°¤°»ò­n¥Î FQDN ¤~¯à³s¨ì¨ä¥L¾÷¾¹¡H</heading>

      <p>§A¤]³\·|µo²{­n³sªº¾÷¾¹¨ä¹ê¬O¦b¥t¤@­Óºô°ì¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A°²³]§A¬O¦b
      foo.bar.edu ³o­Óºô°ì¤¤¡A·Q­n³s¨ì¦b bar.edu ¸Ì¤@¥x¥s ``mumble'' ªº
      ¾÷¾¹¡A«h¥²¶·¥Î Fully-Qualified Domain Name¡A¤]´N¬O
      ``mumble.bar.edu''¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¥u¥Î ``mumble'' ¨Ó«ü¦V¥¦¡C

      <p>¶Ç²Îªº BSD BIND resolver ¤¹³\¥Î³oºØ¤è¦¡¸Ñ¥X¾÷¾¹ªº¦ì§}¡A¦ý¬O
      FreeBSD ¤ºªþ <htmlurl
      url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?named" name="bind"> ª©¥»
      ªº¤º©w¤è¦¡¡A«h¬O°£¤F§A©Ò¦bªººô°ì¥H¥~¡A¤£¤ä´©¨ä¥L«D FQDN ªºÁY¼g¡C
      ©Ò¥H¦p <tt>mumble</tt> ³oºØ¤£¦X®æªº¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ¡A¥²¶·¦b
      <tt>mumble.foo.bar.edu</tt>¡A§_«h´N·|±qºô°ìªº³Ì©³¼h¶}©l§ä¡C

      <p>³o©M¥ý«eªº°µªk¤£¦P¡A¤]´N¬O¤£¥Î <tt>mumble.bar.edu</tt> ©M
      <tt>mumble.edu</tt> Ä~Äò·j´M¡C¬Ý¤@¤U RFC 1535¡A¸Ì­±¦³´£¨ì¬°¤°»ò¤§
      «eªº°µªk¤£¦n¡A¬Æ¦Üºâ¬O­Ó¦w¥þº|¬}¡C

      <p>³o¸Ì¦³­Ó¤£¿ùªº¸Ñªk¡A§â
      <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?resolv.conf"
      name="/etc/resolv.conf"> ¸Ìªº³o¤@¦æ¡G

      <verb>
        domain foo.bar.edu
      </verb>

      ´«¦¨³o¤@¦æ¡G

      <verb>
        search foo.bar.edu bar.edu
      </verb>

      ¦ý¬O­n½T©w·j´M¶¶§Ç¤£·|¹H¤Ï RFC 2535 ©Ò¿×ªº ``boundary between local
      and public administration''¡C

    <sect1>
      <heading>©Ò¦³ºô¸ô°Ê§@³£·|¥X²{ ``Permission denied'' ¿ù»~°T®§</heading>

      <p>¦pªG¦b½sĶ kernel ®É¥[¤F <tt/IPFIREWALL/ ³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¡A­n¾å±o 2.1.7R
      ¤º©w¬O©Úµ´©Ò¦³¥¼¸g®Ö­ãªººô¸ô«Ê¥](¦ý¦b¶}µo 2.1-STABLE ®É§ï±¼¤F)¡C

      <p>¦pªG¤£¤p¤ß§Ë¿ù¤F firewall ªº³]©w¡A¥H root ¨­¥÷°õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡A±µµÛ
      ºô¸ô¥\¯à´N·|¥¿±`¡G

      <verb>
        ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any
      </verb>

      <p>¤]¥i¥H¦b <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> ³] "firewall_type='open'" ³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¡C

      <p>¦pªG·Qª¾¹D¦p¦ó³]©w FreeBSD firewall¡A½Ð¬Ý <url
      url="../handbook/firewalls.html" name="Handbook ¬ÛÃö³¡¥÷">¡C

    <sect1>
      <heading>IPFW ·|³y¦¨¦h¤jªººô¸ô©µ¿ð¡H</heading>

      <p>³o­Ó°ÝÃDªºµª®×¤j¦h­n¬Ý§A«ç»ò­q firewall ³W«h¡BÁÙ¦³ CPU ³t«×¡C¹ï¤j
      ¦h¼Æ¦b ethernet ¤Wªºµ{¦¡¤Î³W«h¤£¦hªº±¡ªp¤U¡A©µ¿ð¤p¨ì¥i¥H©¿²¤¡C¦ý¦pªG
      §A·Q­nºë½T¼Æ¦r¨Óº¡¨¬¦n©_¤ß¡AÄ~Äò©¹¤UŪ¡C

      <p>¤U­±¬O¦b 486-66 2.2.5-STABLE ¤W©Ò§@ªº´ú¶q¡A§Ú­Ì­×§ï¤F IPFW ­ì©l½X
      ¨Ó´ú¶q¦b <tt/ip_fw_chk/ ¨ç¦¡¤W©Òªáªº®É¶¡¡A¨C³B²z 1000 ­Ó«Ê¥]«á´N·|¦b
      console ¤WÅã¥Üµ²ªG¡C

      <p>´ú¸Õ¤F¨â²Õ¡A¨C²Õ¦U¦³ 1000 ­Ó³W«h¡C²Ä¤@²Õ­«½Æ¤U­±³W«h¡A¬G·N³]­p¦¨
      ³ÌÁVªº±¡ªp¡G

      <verb>
        ipfw add deny tcp from any to any 55555
      </verb>

      <p>ÂÇ¥ÑÀˬd port number¡A³o¼Ë·|¨Ï IPFW ¦b¨M©w¬Y­Ó«Ê¥]¤£²Å¦X±ø¥ó«e°õ
      ¦æ¤j³¡¥÷ªºÀˬdµ{¦¡¡A¦]¦¹³y¦¨³Ì®tªºª¬ªp¡C¦b­«½Æ³o­Ó³W«h 999 ¦¸«á¡A±µ
      µÛ¬O <tt>allow ip from any to any</tt>¡C

      <p>²Ä¤G²Õ³]­p¦¨¥H·¥§Öªº³t«×¸õ¹LÀˬd³W«h¡G

      <verb>
        ipfw add deny ip from 1.2.3.4 to 1.2.3.4
      </verb>

      <p>¤@¸I¨ì«Ê¥]ªº¨Ó·½¤£²Å¦X³W«h©Ò­z¡A·|«Ü§Ö¸õ¹LÀˬdÅý«Ê¥]³q¹L¡C©M¤W­±
      ¤@¼Ë¡A²Ä 1000 ­Ó³W«h¬O <tt>allow ip from any to any</tt>¡C

      <p>¦b²Ä¤@ºØ±¡ªp¤¤¡A³B²z¨C¤@­Ó«Ê¥]©Ò³y¦¨ªº©µ¿ð¤j¬ù¬O 2.703 ms¡A©Ò¥H¨C
      ­Ó³W«h¤j·§·|³y¦¨ 2.7 microsecond ªº©µ¿ð¡C©Ò¥H¦b³o¨Ç³W«h¤§¤U¡A²z½×¤W¨C
      ¬í³Ì¦h¥i¥H³B²z 370 ­Ó«Ê¥]¡C¦b 10Mbps ethernet ©M¤@­Ó«Ê¥]¤j·§ 1500 byte
      ªº°²³]¤U¡A¤j·§¥u·|¥Î¨ì 55.5% ªººô¸ôÀW¼e¡C

      <p>²Ä¤GºØ±¡ªp¡A¨C­Ó«Ê¥]ªá¤F¤j¬ù 1.172ms¡A©Ò¥H¨C±ø³W«h¤j¬ù¥Î¤F 1.2
      microsecond¡C²z½×¤W¨C¬í³Ì¦h¥i¥H³B²z 853 ­Ó«Ê¥]¡A¯ÓºÉ 10Mbps ªºÀW¼e¡C

      <p>¤W­±´ú¸Õ¥Î¨ìªº¤j¶q³W«h¡B¤Î³o¨Ç³W«h¥»¨­¨Ã¤£¥Nªí¯u¹ê¥@¬Éªº±¡ªp¡A¥L­Ì
      ¥u¬O¥Î¨Ó²£¥Í©Òªí¥Üªº¼Æ¾Ú¡C­Y·Q­n­q¥X¤@®M¦³®Ä²vªº³W«h¡A°O±o³o´X¥ó¨Æ¡G

      <itemize>

        <item>¦b³Ì«e­±©ñ¤@­Ó±Mªù³B²z¤j¶q TCP ¬y¶qªº¥i¥Î³W«h¡A¦b³o±ø«e­±¤£
        ­n©ñ¥ô¦ó <tt>allow tcp</tt> ªº¬ÛÃö±Ô­z¡C

        <item>§â±`±`IJµoªº³W«h©ñ¦b«e­±¡A¤£±`¥Î¨ìªº«h¥á¨ì«á­±(<bf>·íµM¦b¤£
        ¼vÅT firewall ¥X¤J¤¹³\³]©wªº«e´£¤U</bf>)¡C°õ¦æ <tt>ipfw -a l</tt>
        ´N¥i¬Ý¨ì«Ê¥]ªº²Î­p¼Æ¥Ø¡A¨Ó¬Ý³Ì±`¥Î¨ì¨º¨Ç³W«h¡C

      </itemize>

    <sect1>
      <heading>­n¦p¦ó§â¹ï¬Y¥x¾÷¾¹ªººô¸ôªA°È­n¨D(service request)Âà¦V¨ì¥t¤@¥x¡H
      </heading>

      <p>¦b ports ¥Ø¿ýªº sysutils ºØÃþ¤¤¦³­Ó¥s 'socket' ªº package¡A¥i¥HÀ°
      §AÂà¦V FTP ©Î¨ä¥LÃþ¦üªººô¸ôªA°È¡C¥u­n§â¸Óºô¸ôªA°Èªº©R¥O§ï¦¨©I¥s socket
      §Y¥i¡A¦p¤U(¦b <tt>/etc/inetd.conf</tt> ¸Ì)¡G

<verb>
ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket ftp.foo.com ftp
</verb>

      <p>¨ä¤¤ 'ftp.foo.com' ©M 'ftp' ¤À§O¬O³QÂà¨ìªº¾÷¾¹©M port ¦WºÙ¡C

     <sect1>
       <heading>¨º¸Ì¥i¥H§ä¨ìºÞ²zÀW¼eªº¤u¨ã¡H</heading>

       <p>FreeBSD ¤W¦³¨â®MÀW¼eºÞ²z¤u¨ã¡G
       <url url="http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/kjc/programs.html" 
        name="ALTQ"> ¥i¥H§K¶O¨Ï¥Î¡A
       <url url="http://www.etinc.com" name="Emerging Technologies"> ¥Xªº
       Bandwidth Manager «h¬O°Ó¥Î³nÅé¡C

     <sect1>
       <heading>«ç»ò·|¶]¥X ``/dev/bpf0: device not configured'' ³o­Ó°T®§¡H
       </heading>

       <p>¬f§JµÜ«Ê¥]¹LÂo¾¹(Berkeley Packet Filter) <htmlurl
       url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?bpf" name="(bpf)">
       ¦bµ{¦¡¨Ï¥Î«e¥²¶·¦b kernel ¥´¶}¥¦ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A§â¤U­±³o¤@¦æ¥[¤J kernel
       ³]©wÀɤ¤¡A½s­Ó·sªº kernel¡G

       <verb>
	 pseudo-device bpfilter		# Berkeley Packet Filter+       </verb>

       <p>¦b­«·s¶}¾÷¤§«á¡AÁÙ­n°µ¥X device node¡A¦b <tt>/dev</tt> ¤U°õ¦æ¡G

       <tscreen><verb>
       # sh MAKEDEV bpf0       </verb></tscreen>

       <p>¦pªG·Q­n§ó¶i¤@¨Bª¾¹D¦p¦ó°µ¥X¦UºØ device node¡A½Ð¬Ý <htmlurl
       url="../handbook/kernelconfig:nodes.html"
       name="handbook ¤¤¦³Ãö device node ªº»¡©ú">¡C

    </sect>