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<book lang='zh_tw'>
  <bookinfo>
    <title>FreeBSD 5.X¡B6.X ±`¨£°Ýµª¶°</title>

    <corpauthor>FreeBSD ¤å¥ó­pµe</corpauthor>

    <copyright>
      <year>1995</year>
      <year>1996</year>
      <year>1997</year>
      <year>1998</year>
      <year>1999</year>
      <year>2000</year>
      <year>2001</year>
      <year>2002</year>
      <year>2003</year>
      <year>2004</year>
      <year>2005</year>
      <year>2006</year>
      <year>2007</year>
      <year>2008</year>
      <holder>FreeBSD ¤å¥ó­pµe</holder>
    </copyright>

    &legalnotice;

    <legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
      &tm-attrib.freebsd;
      &tm-attrib.3com;
      &tm-attrib.adobe;
      &tm-attrib.creative;
      &tm-attrib.cvsup;
      &tm-attrib.ibm;
      &tm-attrib.ieee;
      &tm-attrib.intel;
      &tm-attrib.iomega;
      &tm-attrib.linux;
      &tm-attrib.microsoft;
      &tm-attrib.mips;
      &tm-attrib.netscape;
      &tm-attrib.opengroup;
      &tm-attrib.oracle;
      &tm-attrib.sgi;
      &tm-attrib.sparc;
      &tm-attrib.sun;
      &tm-attrib.usrobotics;
      &tm-attrib.xfree86;
      &tm-attrib.general;
    </legalnotice>

    <releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>

    <abstract>
      <para>³o¥÷¤å¥ó¬O FreeBSD 5.X ¤Î 6.X ªº±`¨£°Ýµª¶°¡C
        °£«D¦³¯S§O¥[µù¡A§_«h³o¨Ç¶µ¥Ø³£¾A¥Î©ó FreeBSD 5.0 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¡C
	(¦pªG±ø¥Ø¤º®e¤¤¦³ &lt;XXX&gt; «h¬O©|¥¼§¹¦¨¤¤Ä¶ªº³¡¥÷¡C)
	¦pªG±z¹ï¨ó§U¥»¤å¥ó/½Ķ­pµeªº¶i¦æ¦³¿³½ìªº¸Ü¡A½Ð±H e-mail ¨ì
	&a.doc;¡C¦¹¥~¡AÀH®É¥i±q <ulink
	url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/index.html">
	FreeBSD ºô¯¸</ulink> ®³¨ì³o¥÷¤å¥óªº³Ì·sª©¥»¡C
	¤]¥i¥H§Q¥Î HTTP ¨Ó¤U¸ü¤@¥÷Ãe¤jªº <ulink url="book.html">HTML</ulink>
	¤å¥ó¡A©Î¬O¸g¥Ñ <ulink url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/">
	FreeBSD FTP ¯¸</ulink> ¤U¸ü¯Â¤å¦r¡B&postscript;¡B©Î PDF ª©¥»ªºÀɮסC
	±z¤]¥i¥H¦b³o¸Ì¨Ï¥Î <ulink
	url="&url.base;/search/search.html">·j´M¸ê®Æ</ulink> ªº¥\¯à¡C</para>
    </abstract>
  </bookinfo>

  <chapter id="introduction">
    <chapterinfo>
      <author>
	<firstname>Ying-Chieh</firstname>
	<surname>Liao</surname>
	<affiliation>
	  <address><email>ijliao@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
	</affiliation>
      </author>
    </chapterinfo>

    <title>«e¨¥¡B¤@¯ë°ÝÃD</title>

    <para>Åwªï¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD 4.X-6.X FAQ!</para>

    <para>¸ò¨ä¥L Usenet ¤Wªº FAQ ¤@¼Ë¡A³o¥÷¤å¥ó²[»\¤F¦³Ãö FreeBSD
      ³o®M§@·~¨t²Î³Ì±`³Q°Ý¨ìªº°ÝÃD (·íµM¥]¬A¤F¦^µª¡I)¡C
      ÁöµM»¡§Ú­Ì¥»¨Óªº¥Øªº¬O¬°¤F´î¤Öºô¸ôÀW¼eªº®ö¶O¡A
      ¥H¤ÎÁקK¦P¼Ëªº°ÝÃD¤@¦A¥X²{¡A¦ý¨Æ¹ê¤W FAQ
      ¤w³Q¤½»{¬°¬O­È±o¾\Ūªº¤å¥ó¸ê·½¡C</para>

    <para>§Ú­Ì¤w¸g¾¨¥i¯à¦a¨Ï³o¥÷ FAQ §óÂ×´I¤F¡C¦pªG±z¹ï¦p¦ó§ïµ½¡B
      ¶i¨B¤è­±¦³¥ô¦ó«Øij¡A½ÐÀH®É±H¹q¤l¶l¥óµ¹ &a.doc;¡C</para>

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        <answer>
         <para>²³æ¦a¨Ó»¡¡AFreeBSD ¬O¤@®M¥i¥H¦b Alpha/AXP, AMD64 ¤Î
	   &intel; EM64T, &i386; IA-64, PC-98, &ultrasparc; ¤W°õ¦æªº
           UN*X-like §@·~¨t²Î¡A¥¦¬O®Ú¾Ú U.C. Berkeley ©Ò¶}µo¥X¨Óªº
           <quote>4.4BSD-Lite</quote>¡A¨Ã¥[¤W¤F³\¦h <quote>4.4BSD-Lite2</quote>
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	   </ulink> §ä¨ì FreeBSD ¥H¤Î¥¦¥i¥HÀ°±z°µ¨Ç¤°»òªº¬ÛÃö¸ê°T¡C</para>

	 <para>FreeBSD ¤w³Q¼sªx¦a³Q¥@¬É¦U¦aªº¤½¥q¦æ¸¹¡BISP¡B¬ã¨s¤H­û¡B
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            FreeBSD ª©Åv</ulink>ªº³nÅé¨Ó¨ú¥N³o¨Ç GPL ª©Åv«Å§iªº³nÅé¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

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        <question id="bsd-license-restrictions">
          <para>FreeBSD ª©Åv¦³¥ô¦ó­­¨î¶Ü¡H</para>
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          <para>¦ý¬O¦pªG§A·Q­n¨Ï¥ÎªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¥u¯à¦b¬Y­Ó¯S©wªº§@·~¨t²Î¤W­±°õ¦æ
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        </answer>
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        <question id="why-called-FreeBSD">
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              <para>¥ô¦ó¤H³£¥i¥H¦Û¥Ñ¦a§â¥L¹ï¨t²Îªº§ï¨}©Î¿ù»~­×¥¿ªºµ{¦¡½X¥[¤J
                source tree ¤§¤¤ (·íµM­n²Å¦X´X­Ó¥ý¨M±ø¥ó)¡C</para>
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          <para>¯S§O­È±oª`·Nªº¬O³o¸Ìªº <quote>free</quote> ¥X²{¤F¨â¦¸¡A¦Ó¥B¥¦­Ì
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	<question id="differences-to-other-bsds">
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          <para>§Ú­Ì¨C¤Ñ³£·|®Ú¾Ú¥Ø«e -CURRENT ©M -STABLE ªºª¬ªp¹ï³o¨â­Ó¤À¤ä¦U
	    µo¦æ¤@­Ó <ulink url="&url.base;/snapshots/">snapshot
            </ulink> ª©¡C¦³ªº®É­Ô¬Æ¦ÜÁÙ·|µo¦æ¥i¨Ñ¨ú±oªºª©¥»¡Cµoªí³o¨Ç snapshot
            ªº¥Øªº¦b©ó¡G</para>

          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>´ú¸Õ³Ì·sª©ªº¦w¸Ëµ{¦¡¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó²³æªº¤èªkµ¹¨º¨Ç³ßÅw¨Ï¥Î -CURRENT ©Î¬O -STABLE¡A
		¦ý¬O¨S¦³®É¶¡©MÀW¼e¥h¨C¤Ñª@¯Åªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>¬°¤F´À§Ú­Ìµo®i¤¤ªºµ{¦¡«O¯d¤@­Ó©T©wªº°Ñ¦ÒÂI¡A¥H¨¾¤î§Ú­Ì¥¼
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                </para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>¬°¤F½T«O©Ò¦³»Ý­n´ú¸Õªº·s¥\¯à³£¥i¥H±o¨ì³Ì¦hªº´ú¸Õ¡C</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>

          <para>§Ú­Ì¤£¹ï -CURRENT snapshot °µ¥ô¦ó§Î¦¡ªº<quote>«~½è«O
            ÃÒ</quote>¡C¦pªG§A·Q­nªº¬O¤@­Óí©w¥B¸g¹L¥R¤À´ú¸Õ¹Lªº¨t²Îªº¸Ü¡A
            ³Ì¦n¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Î§¹¾ã release ªºª©¥»¡A©Î¬O¨Ï¥Î -STABLE snapshots¡C</para>

          <para>±z¥i¥Hª½±µ±q <ulink
	    url="&url.base;/snapshots/">
            snapshots</ulink> ³B¨ú±o -CURRENT ªº
            snapshot release¡C</para>

          <para>¹ï¨C­Ó¦³¦b¬¡°Êªº¤À¤ä¦Ó¨¥¡A¥­§¡¨C¤Ñ³£·|²£¥Í¤@¦¸ snapshots¡C
            </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="stable">
          <para>¤°»ò¬O &os.stable;¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦^·¹¨ì FreeBSD 2.0.5 ­èµoªíªº®É­Ô¡A§Ú­Ì¨M©w§â FreeBSD ªºµo®i
	    ¤À¦¨¨â¤ä¡C¤@¤ä¥s°µ <ulink
	    url="&url.books.handbook;/current-stable.html#STABLE">-STABLE
	    </ulink>¡A§Ú­Ì¥u¹ï¥¦°µ¿ù»~­×¥¿¤Î¤p´T«×ªº­×§ï (³o¬Oµ¹ ISP
	    ©M°Ó·~¤½¥qµ¥¡A¹ï¹êÅ礤¥\¯à¤£·P¿³½ìªº³æ¦ì©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº)¡C
	    ¥t¥~¤@¤ä¥s°µ <ulink
	    url="&url.books.handbook;/current-stable.html#CURRENT">-CURRENT
	    </ulink>¡A±q 2.0 ª©µo¦æ¥H«á¡A´N¤£Â_¦a´ÂµÛ 6.2-RELEASE
	    (§t«áÄòªºª©¥»)«e¶iµÛ¡C</para>

	  <para>6-STABLE ¤À¤ä¬O±q 6.0-RELEASE ¶}©l (5-STABLE ¤À¤äºâ¬O
	    5.3-RELEASE ¤§«á¤~¶}©lªº)¡AµM«á­ì¥»ªº &os.current;
	    ´N·|¦¨¬° 7-CURRENT¡C</para>


          <para>2.2-STABLE ³o­Ó¤À¤äÀHµÛ 2.2.8 ªºµoªí¦Ó¥\¦¨¨­°h¡C3-STABLE ³o­Ó
            ¤À¤ä«h¬Oµ²§ô¦b 3.5.1 µoªí¤§«á¡A¥¦¤]¬O 3.X ªº³Ì«á¤@¦¸µoªí¡C¤§«á°£¤F
            ¦w¥þº|¬}ªº«áÄò­×¥¿¤§¥~¡A³o¨Ç¤À¤ä´N´X¥G¨S¦³¦A§ó°Ê¹L¡C  ¦Ó
	    5-STABLE ¤À¤äªº¤ä´©±N¤´«ùÄò¤@¬q®É¶¡¡A
	    ¦ý¥D­nµJÂI¶È¦b©ó¦w¥þ¤è­±ªºº|¬}¡B¯äÂΤΨä¥LÄY­«°ÝÃDªº­×¸É¡C</para>

	  <para>6-STABLE ¬O¥Ø«e¥¿¦bµo®i¤¤ªº -STABLE ¤À¤ä¡C  6-STABLE
	    ªº³Ì·sªº¤@¦¸µoªí¬O¦b &rel.current.date; µo¦æªº
	    &rel.current;-RELEASE¡C</para>

	  <para>7-CURRENT ³o­Ó¤À¤ä¬O &os; ªº -CURRENT ¤À¤ä¡A
	    ¤´µM¤£Â_¦a¦bµo®i·í¤¤¡C  ¦pªG·Q­nª¾¹D§ó¦hÃö©ó³o­Ó¤À¤äªº¸ê°Tªº¸Ü¡A
	    ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <link
            linkend="current">¤°»ò¬O &os;-CURRENT¡H</link>¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="naming">
          <para>FreeBSD ª©¥»©R¦W­ì«h¬O¤°»ò©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>±z¥i¯à·|¬Ý¨ì¥H¤U´XºØ FreeBSD ªºª©¥»¦WºÙ¡G</para>
          <itemizedlist>
	    <listitem>
	      <para>1) 4.4.2-RELEASE¡B4.4-BETA¡G³Ì«e­±ªº¼Æ¦r A.B.C ¸Ì¡A
		A ªí¥Ü¥D­nªº§@·~¨t²Îª©¥»(Major)¡A
		B ªí¥Ü¦¸­nªº§@·~¨t²Îª©¥»(Minor)¡A
		C ªí¥Ü¨Ç·L­×¥¿ª©¥»(Patch)¡C  «á­±ªº­^¤åªí¥Ü¬O§_¬°¥¿¦¡ª©¡A
		³q±`¬O´ú¸Õª©(ALPHA¡BBETA¡BGAMMA)¡B¥¿¦¡ª©(RELEASE)¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
	      <para>2) 6.0-STABLE¡B7.0-CURRENT¡G
		³q±` FreeBSD ·|¦³¤@­Ó¥Hµo®i·s¥\¯à¬°¥Dªºª©¥»¡AºÙ¬° -CURRENT
		¡A¥Ø«e CURRENT ª©¥»¬O 7.0¡F  FreeBSD
		¤]·|¦³¤@­Ó¥HºûÅ@í©w©Ê¤Î¨t²Î¦w¥þ¬°¥Dªºª©¥»¡AºÙ¬° -STABLE¡A
		¥Ø«e STABLE ªºª©¥»¬O 6.0¡C  ÁöµM¦p¦¹¡A¨Ã¤£¥Nªí -STABLE
		´N¨S¦³·s¥\¯à¡A¤]¤£¥Nªí _CURRENT ´N¤£Ã­©w¤£¦w¥þ¡A
		³o¨â­Óª©¥»¬O¬Û»²¬Û¦¨ªº¡A¦Ó¥B²×¦³¤@¤Ñ 7.0-CURRENT
		·|Åܦ¨ 7.0-STABLE¡A¦Ó¶}©l 8.0-CURRENT ªºµo®i¡C  ¤£¹L¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A
		¥Ñ©ó -CURRENT ¨t²Î¶}µoªº³t«×¬Û·í§Ö¡A¸ò -STABLE
		¬Û¤ñ¸û¤£Ã­©w¡A¦Ó¥B³Ì¦n¬O¦³¬Û·í¸gÅ窺¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤~¨Ó¨Ï¥Î¡C
		¦pªG¬O°Ó·~Àô¹Ò©Î¬O¦øªA¾¹¯¸¥x¡A³Ì¦nÁÙ¬O¶] -STABLE »P
		-RELEASE ¤ñ¸û¦n¡C  ¥Ñ©ó -STABLE »P -CURRENT
		³£¬O¤@ª½¦b¶}µoºûÅ@¤¤ªºª©¥»¡A
		¦]¦¹¨S¦³¤@­Ó¯S©wªº¼Æ¦rª©¥»¥i¥HºÙ©I¡A
		¦]¦¹³q±`§Ú­Ì·|¥H½sĶ¤é´Á¨Ó¥Nªí¬O­þ­Ó®É­Ôªº -STABLE ©Î -CURRENT
		¡A¨Ò¦p¡u4.4-STABLE¡B½sĶ¤é´Á 2001/10/08¡v¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem><para>
3) 5.0-011025-SNAP¡B4.2-010816-RELENG¡G
   SNAP »P RELENG ¨Ã¤£¬O¥¿¦¡µo¦æªºª©¥»¡A¨ä¤¤ 3.0-970625-SNAP ªí¥Ü¬O
   ¦b 2001 ¦~ 10 ¤ë 25 ¤éµo¦æªº 5.0 ´ú¸Õª©(SNAPshot)¡A³q±`¬O«ü CURRENT
   ªºª©¥»¡C¦Ó 4.2-010816-RELENG ªí¥Ü¬O¦b 2001 ¦~ 8 ¤ë 16 ¤éµo¦æªº
   4.2 «D¥¿¦¡ªºÃ­©wª©¡A³q±`¬O«ü STABLE ªºª©¥»¡C
   ³q±` FreeBSD ®Ö¤ß¤p²Õ·|¤£©w®ÉÄÀ¥X SNAP ¥H¨Ñ´ú¸Õ¡AµM«á¦³¤@¤Ñ SNAP
   ·|Åܦ¨ ALPHA->BETA->GAMMA¡A¦A¨Ó¬O RELEASE¡A¦Ó«á¥i¯à·|¦³¤£©w®Éªº
   RELENG ¥H¨Ñ´ú¸Õ¨Ï¥Î¡A¦ý¬O RELENG ªºÃ­©w©Ê³q±`¤S¤ñ«e´Áªº RELEASE
   ¨Óªº¦n¡C</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>

<para>
±z­n¬O²ßºD·L³nªº³N»y¡A³o¼Ë»¡¦n¤F¡ASNAP ¬O¶}µo´Á¶¡ªº¤º³¡¬y¥Xª©¡A
¨º­Ó¤é´Á(011025)´N¬OBuild Number¡A¦Ó ALPHA »P BETA ¬O·mÂAª©¡A
RELEASE(RELENG «j±j¤]ºâ)¬O¥¿¦¡ª©¡A³o¼ËÀ³¸Ó¤F¸Ñ¤F§a¡C
</para>
         </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="release-freq">
          <para>¨C¦¸·sªº FreeBSD ±N©ó¤°»ò®É­Ô±À¥X¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¤@¯ë¦Ó¨¥¡A&a.re; ¥­§¡¨C¥|­Ó¤ëµo¦æ¤@¦¸ release¡A¨C¦¸·sª©¥»ªºµoªí®Éµ{³£·|¨Æ¥ý¤½§i¡A
	    ¬ÛÃöªº¶}µo¤H­û´N·|ª¾¹D¡A¤°»ò®É­Ô¸Ó¥ý§â¤âÃ䪺­p¹º§¹¦¨¨Ã¥B´ú¸Õ¹L¡A
	    ¦¹¥~¡A³o¨Ç§ó°Ê³£¤w¸g§¹¾ã¦a´ú¸Õ¹L¡A¥B¤£·|¼vÅT¨t²Îí©w«×¡C
	    ÁöµM¡Aµ¥³o¨Ç¦nªF¦è¶i¤J -STABLE ªº®É¶¡¥O¤Hµ¥±o¦³¨Ç¤£­@·Ð¡A
	    ¦ý¬O¤j¦h¼Æªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£»{¬°³oºØÂÔ·VªººA«×¬O FreeBSD ³Ì¦nªºÀuÂI¤§¤@¡C</para>

	  <para>¦³Ãöµo¦æ±¡³øªº§ó¦h²Ó¸`³¡¤À(¥]¬A release ªº¦æµ{ªí¡B¶i«×)¡A³£¥i¦b FreeBSD ºô¯¸¤Wªº
	    <ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html">µo¦æ±¡³ø</ulink> ¤W­±Àò±o¡C</para>

          <para>¬°¤Fº¡¨¬¨º¨Ç»Ý­n (©Î·Q­n) ·sÂA¨ë¿E·Pªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A
	    ¤W­±(-CURRENTªº³¡¤À)¤w¸g´£¨ì§Ú­Ì¨C¤Ñ³£·|µo¦æ snapshots ª©¥i¨Ñ¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
         </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="responsible">
          <para>½Ö­t³d FreeBSD ªºµo®i¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦pªG¬O¤@¨Ç¦³Ãö FreeBSD ­pµeªºÃöÁä©Ê¨M©w¡A¹³¬O¾ã­Ó­pµeªº¨«¦V
            ©Î¬O¨M©w½Ö¥i¥H§ï source tree ¸Ìªºµ{¦¡½X³oÃþªº¨Æ¡A¬O¥Ñ¤@­Ó¥Ñ 9 ­Ó
            ¤H©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº <ulink
	    url="&url.articles.contributors;/article.html#STAFF-CORE">core
            team</ulink> ¨Ó¨M©w¡C¦Ó¦³¥t¤@¸s¶W¹L 300 ­Ó¤Hªº <ulink
            url="&url.articles.contributors;/article.html#STAFF-COMMITTERS">
            commiters</ulink> ¦³Åv§Q¥i¥Hª½±µ­×§ï FreeBSD ªº source tree¡C
            </para>

          <para>µL½×¦p¦ó¡A¤j¦h¼Æªº§ïÅܳ£·|¨Æ«e¦b <link linkend="mailing">
            mailing lists</link> ¥ý°Q½×¹L¡A¦Ó¥B¤£¤À¨¤¦â¡A¨C­Ó¤H³£¥i¥H°Ñ»P°Q½×¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="where-get">
          <para>§Ú­n¦p¦ó¨ú±o FreeBSD¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¨C­Ó FreeBSD ªº­«­nª©¥»³£¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ°Î¦W ftp ±q <ulink
            url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">FreeBSD FTP ¯¸</ulink>¨ú±o¡G</para>

	  <itemizedlist>
	    <listitem>
	      <para>¦pªG»Ý­n 6-STABLE ªº³Ì·sª©¡A¤]´N¬O &rel.current;-RELEASE¡A½Ð¨ì <ulink
	        url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/&rel.current;-RELEASE/">&rel.current;-RELEASE </ulink>³o­Ó¥Ø¿ý</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para><ulink url="ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">7-CURRENT Snapshot</ulink>
	        ³q±`¤]¬O¨C¤Ñ³£·|°µ¤@¥÷¡A³o¬O±q <link linkend="current">-CURRENT</link> ¤À¤ä°µ¥X¨Óªº¡A
	        ¥D­n¬O¬°¤F´£¨Ñµ¹¨º¨Ç¼ö¤ßªº´ú¸ÕªÌ©M¶}µo¤H­û¡C</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para>¦pªG»Ý­n 5-STABLE ªº³Ì·sª©¡A¤]´N¬O &rel2.current;-RELEASE¡A½Ð¨ì <ulink
	        url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/&rel2.current;-RELEASE/">&rel2.current;-RELEASE </ulink>³o­Ó¥Ø¿ý</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para><ulink
	        url="ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/snapshots/">5.X¡B6X snapshots</ulink>
	        ³q±`¨C¤Ñ³£·|°µ¤@¥÷¡C</para>
	    </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>

	  <para>FreeBSD ªº CD¡BDVD¡AÁÙ¦³¨ä¥L¨ú±o¤è¦¡¥i¥H¦b <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html">¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U</ulink> ¤¤§ä¨ì¸Ñµª¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="access-pr">
          <para>§Ú­n¦p¦ó¥h¬d¸ß¡B´£¥æ°ÝÃD¦^³ø(Problem Report¡A²ºÙPR)¸ê®Æ®w©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>©Ò¦³¨Ï¥ÎªÌªºÅܧó­n¨D³£¥i¥H¸g¥Ñºô­¶¤¶­±ªº
            <ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi?query">
            PR¬d¸ß¤¶­±</ulink> ¨Ó¹î¬Ý (©Î¬O¦^³ø) §Ú­Ìªº¿ù»~¦^³ø¸ê®Æ®w¡C</para>

	  <para>¤]¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î &man.send-pr.1; ³o­Ó«ü¥O³z¹L¹q¤l¶l¥ó¨Ó¦^³ø°ÝÃD¡B­n¨DÅܧó¡C
	  ©ÎªÌ¬O¸g¥Ñ <ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/send-pr.html">ºô­¶¤¶­±ªº PR</ulink> ¨Ó°e¥X°ÝÃD¦^³ø¡C</para>

          <para>µM¦Ó¡A¦b±z¦^³ø°ÝÃD¤§«e¡A½Ð¥ý¾\Ū <ulink
            url="&url.articles.problem-reports;/article.html">¦p¦ó¼¶¼g
            FreeBSD ªº°ÝÃD¦^³ø³æ</ulink>¡A³o¬O¤@½g§i¶D§A«ç¼Ë¤~¯à¼g¥X¤@½g¯u¥¿¦³¥Îªº
            °ÝÃD¦^³ø³æ¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="other-info-sources">
          <para>ÁÙ¦³¨ä¥L¦³Ãö FreeBSD ªº¸ê°T¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¸Ô¨£ <ulink
            url="http://www.FreeBSD.org">FreeBSD</ulink> ºô¯¸¤Wªº <ulink
            url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">¤å¥ó</ulink> ¦Cªí¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="support">
    <chapterinfo>
      <author>
	<firstname>Chin-San</firstname>
	<surname>Huang</surname>
	<affiliation>
	  <address><email>chinsan.tw@gmail.com</email></address>
	</affiliation>
      </author>
    </chapterinfo>

    <title>¤å¥ó»P§Þ³N¤ä´©</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
	<question id="books">
	  <para>Ãö©ó FreeBSD ¦³­þ¨Ç¦n®Ñ¥i¥H±ÀÂ˾\Ūªº¶Ü¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>FreeBSD ¤å¥ó­pµe¤w³°Äòµoªí¤F¬Û·í¼sªx½d³òªº¤å¥ó¡A¥i¦b <ulink
	    url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html"></ulink> ¨ú±o¡C¥t¥~¡A
	    FreeBSD ¥»¨­ªº manual(¤@¯ë³qºÙªºman)¡Bdoc¤]¦p¦P®M¥ó³nÅé¤@¼Ë¡A¥i¥H»´ÃP¦a¸Ë¦b±z¨t²Î¤W¡C
	    </para>

	    <para>¦¹¥~¡A¤]«Øij°Ñ¾\¥»¥÷ FAQ ³Ì«á©Ò¦Cªº°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Øªí(Bibliography)»P FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¡C
	    </para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="doc-formats">
          <para>³o¨Ç¤å¥ó¦³¨ä¥L®æ¦¡ªº¶Ü¡H¹³¬O¡G¯Â¤å¦r(ASCII)©Î &postscript; ¤§Ãþªº®æ¦¡¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦³ªº¡C³o¨Ç¤å¥ó³£¤À§O¥H¤£¦P®æ¦¡Àx¦s¥H¤ÎÀ£ÁY³B²z¡A©ñ¦b
            FTP ¤W­±¡A¥i¥H±q¦U FreeBSD FTP ¯¸ªº <ulink
            url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/">/pub/FreeBSD/doc/</ulink>
            ¥Ø¿ý¤º§ä¨ì§A­nªº¡C</para>

          <para>¤å¥óªº¤ÀÃþ¤è­±¥D­n¬O¤@¨Ç¤£¦P©Ê½è©Ò²Õ¦¨¡G</para>

          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
	      <para>¤å¥ó¦WºÙ¡A¤ñ¦p¡G<literal>faq(±`¨£°Ýµª¶°)</literal>©Î¬O
                <literal>handbook(FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U)</literal>µ¥µ¥¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>¦U°ê½Ķªºªº¤å¥ó¡G³o¥D­n¬O¥Ñ locale ¦WºÙ¨Ó¨M©wªº
	        (¤£²M·¡ªº¸Ü¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò±zªº FreeBSD §@·~¨t²Î¤Wªº <filename>/usr/share/locale</filename>)
	        ¥Ø«e¤å¥óÁ`¦@¦³¤U¦C´XºØ»y¨¥(¤Î½s½X)¦³Â½Ä¶¡G</para>

              <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
                <tgroup cols="2">
                  <thead>
                    <row>
                      <entry>Locale ¦WºÙ</entry>

                      <entry>»¡©ú(©Ò¥Nªíªº»y¨t¡B½s½X)</entry>
                    </row>
                  </thead>

                  <tbody>
                    <row>
                      <entry><literal>en_US.ISO8859-1</literal></entry>

                      <entry>¬ü¦¡­^¤å(US English)</entry>
                    </row>

                    <row>
                      <entry><literal>de_DE.ISO8859-1</literal></entry>

                      <entry>¼w¤å(German)</entry>
                    </row>

                    <row>
                      <entry><literal>es_ES.ISO8859-1</literal></entry>

                      <entry>¦è¯Z¤ú¤å(Spanish)</entry>
                    </row>

                    <row>
                      <entry><literal>fr_FR.ISO8859-1</literal></entry>

                      <entry>ªk¤å(French)</entry>
                    </row>

		    <row>
		      <entry><literal>it_IT.ISO8859-15</literal></entry>

		      <entry>¸q¤j§Q¤å(Italian)</entry>
		    </row>

                    <row>
                      <entry><literal>ja_JP.eucJP</literal></entry>

                      <entry>¤é¤å(Japanese¡A½s½X¤è¦¡¡GEUC)</entry>
                    </row>

                    <row>
                      <entry><literal>ru_RU.KOI8-R</literal></entry>

                      <entry>«X¤å(Russian¡A½s½X¤è¦¡¡GKOI8-R)</entry>
                    </row>

                    <row>
                      <entry><literal>zh_CN.GB2312</literal></entry>

                      <entry>²Å餤¤å(Simplified Chinese¡A½s½X¤è¦¡¡GGB2312)</entry>
                    </row>

                    <row>
                      <entry><literal>zh_TW.Big5</literal></entry>

                      <entry>¥¿Å餤¤å(Traditional Chinese¡A½s½X¤è¦¡¡GBig5)</entry>
                    </row>
                  </tbody>
                </tgroup>
              </informaltable>

              <note>
                <para>¤W¦Cªº¦U°ê½Ķ»y¨t¤å¥ó¤¤¡A¨Ã«D©Ò¦³¤å¥ó³£¦³Â½Ä¶¡C</para>
              </note>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
	      <para>¤å¥óªº®æ¦¡¡G¨C¥÷¤å¥ó³£¥H¦UºØ¤£¦P®æ¦¡Àx¦s¡A¨CºØ®æ¦¡³£¦U¦³¦nÃa¡A
	        ¦³¨Ç®æ¦¡¾A¦X½u¤W¾\Ū¡A¦Ó¦³¨Ç«h¾A¦X¦C¦L¥X¬üÆ[ªº¤å¥ó¡C
	        §Ú­Ì³£´£¨Ñ³o¨Ç¤£¦P®æ¦¡ªº¤å¥ó¡A¨Ó½T«OµL½×¬O¿Ã¹õ¤W¡B¦C¦L¯È¥»¡A¨C­Ó¤H³£¥i¥H¥¿±`¦a¾\Ū¤º®e¡A
                ¥Ø«e¥i¨Ñ¨Ï¥Îªº®æ¦¡¦p¤U:</para>

              <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
                <tgroup cols="2">
                  <thead>
                    <row>
                      <entry>®æ¦¡</entry>

                      <entry>»¡©ú</entry>
                    </row>
                  </thead>

                  <tbody>
                    <row>
                      <entry><literal>html-split</literal></entry>

                      <entry>³¹¸`¼Ò¦¡</entry>
                    </row>

                    <row>
                      <entry><literal>html</literal></entry>

                      <entry>§¹¾ã¼Ò¦¡</entry>
                    </row>

                    <row>
                      <entry><literal>pdb</literal></entry>

                      <entry>Palm Pilot ¸ê®Æ®æ¦¡¡A¨Ï¥Î
                        <ulink url="http://www.iSilo.com/">iSilo</ulink>
                        µ{¦¡¨Ó¾\Ū</entry>
                    </row>

                    <row>
                      <entry><literal>pdf</literal></entry>

                      <entry>Adobe's PDF ®æ¦¡</entry>
                    </row>

                    <row>
                      <entry><literal>ps</literal></entry>

                      <entry>&postscript; ®æ¦¡</entry>
                    </row>

                    <row>
                      <entry><literal>rtf</literal></entry>

                      <entry>Microsoft's RTF®æ¦¡<footnote>
                          <para>·í¨Ï¥Î MS Word ¨Ó¶}±Ò RTF ®æ¦¡ªº¸Ü¡A­¶¼ÆÅã¥Ü¨Ã¤£·|¦Û°Ê§ó·s¡C
                          (¦b¶}±Ò¤å¥ó«á¡A­n«ö <keycombo
                          action="simul"><keycap>CTRL</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo>,
                          <keycombo
                          action="simul"><keycap>CTRL</keycap><keycap>END</keycap></keycombo>,
                          <keycap>F9</keycap>¡A³o¼Ë¤l¤~·|§ó·s­¶¼ÆªºÅã¥Ü¡C)</para>
                        </footnote>
                      </entry>
                    </row>

                    <row>
                      <entry><literal>txt</literal></entry>

                      <entry>¯Â¤å¦r(ASCII)</entry>
                    </row>
                  </tbody>
                </tgroup>
              </informaltable>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>¤å¥óªºÀ£ÁY¡B¥´¥]¤è¦¡¡G¥Ø«e¦³¤TºØ¤è¦¡¡G</para>

              <orderedlist>
                <listitem>
                  <para>·í±Ä¥Î
                    <literal>³¹¸`¼Ò¦¡(html-split)</literal>¡A³¹¸`¼Ò¦¡©Ò²£¥Íªº¦UÀÉ®×·|¥ý¨Ï¥Î
	              &man.tar.1; ¨ÓÀ£ÁY¡CÀɦWµ²§À¦³ <filename>.tar</filename> ªºÀÉ®×´N¬O tar ®æ¦¡¡C
		      ±µµÛ¡A·|¦A¥H¤U¦C¤è¦¡¦AÀ£ÁY¡C
	          </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                  <para>¨ä¥L®æ¦¡ªºÀɮ׳£·|¬O³æ¤@ÀɮסAÀɦW³q±`·|¬O¡G
                    <filename>book.<replaceable>®æ¦¡</replaceable></filename>
                    (Á|¨Ò¡G <filename>book.pdb</filename>¡A
                    <filename>book.html</filename> µ¥µ¥..«á­±³q±`¥[¤W¡y.®æ¦¡¡z).</para>
		  <para>¦Ó³o¨ÇÀÉ®×·|¤À§O¥H¨âºØÀ£ÁY«¬ºA¶i¦æÀ£ÁY¡A¦Ó¦s¦¨¨âºØÀ£ÁY«¬ºA¡C</para>

                  <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
                    <tgroup cols="2">
                      <thead>
                        <row>
                          <entry>®æ¦¡</entry>

                          <entry>»¡©ú</entry>
                        </row>
                      </thead>

                      <tbody>
                        <row>
                          <entry><literal>zip</literal></entry>

                          <entry>Zip ®æ¦¡¡A­Y­n¦b FreeBSD ¤W¸ÑÀ£ zip ÀÉ¡A«h¥²¶·¥ý¦w¸Ë
	                    <filename role="package">chinese/unzip</filename> ©Î
		            <filename role="package">archivers/unzip</filename>¡C
                            </entry>
                        </row>

                        <row>
                          <entry><literal>bz2</literal></entry>

                          <entry>BZip2 ®æ¦¡¡AÁöµM¤£¦p zip ®æ¦¡ªº¼sªx¨Ï¥Î¡A¦ý¬O¦n³B¦b©ó¥iÀ£ÁY¦¨§ó¤pªºÀɮסC
	                    ­n¸ÑÀ£ bz2 ®æ¦¡ªº¸Ü¡A»Ý¥ý¦w¸Ë <filename role="package">archivers/bzip2
	                    </filename>¡C</entry>
                        </row>
                      </tbody>
                    </tgroup>
                  </informaltable>

                  <para>©Ò¥H¹³¬O Handbook ªº &postscript; ª©®æ¦¡¡A·|¥H BZip2 ®æ¦¡À£ÁY¡A
	             ¦s©ñ¦b <filename>handbook/</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤º¡A
	             ÀɦW´N¬O<filename>book.ps.bz2</filename>¡C</para>
                </listitem>
              </orderedlist>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>

          <para>¿ï¾Ü·Q­n¤U¸üªº¤å¥ó®æ¦¡»PÀ£ÁY«¬ºA¤§«á¡A«h­n¨M©w¬O§_¥H FreeBSD <emphasis>®M¥ó(package)</emphasis>
	    «¬ºA¨Ó¤U¸ü¡C</para>

          <para>¤U¸ü¡B¦w¸Ë¡ypackage¡zªº¦n³B¦b©ó¡G¥i¥H³z¹L¤@¯ë FreeBSD
	    ®M¥óºÞ²z¤è¦¡¨Ó¶i¦æºÞ²z¡A¤ñ¦p &man.pkg.add.1; ¤Î
            &man.pkg.delete.1;¡C</para>


	  <para>­Y¨M©w¦n­n¤U¸ü¡B¦w¸Ë¡ypackage¡zªº¸Ü¡A¥²¶·­n½T»{©Ò­n¤U¸üªºÀɦW¡C
	    ¤å¥ó­pµeªº®M¥ó(package)³q±`¬O©ñ¦b¬O <filename>packages</filename> ªº¥Ø¿ý¤º¡A
            ¨C­Ó¤å¥ó­pµeªº®M¥óÀɦW³q±`¬O¡G
	    <filename><replaceable>¤å¥ó¦WºÙ</replaceable>.<replaceable>»y¨t</replaceable>.<replaceable>½s½X</replaceable>.<replaceable>®æ¦¡</replaceable>.tgz</filename>
	    ¡C</para>

          <para>Á|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A­^¤åª©ªº FAQ (®æ¦¡¿ï¾Ü PDF)¦b package ´N¥s°µ
            <filename>faq.en_US.ISO8859-1.pdf.tgz</filename>¡C</para>

          <para>¦AÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A¤¤¤åª©ªº FAQ (®æ¦¡¿ï¾Ü PDF)¦b package ´N¥s°µ
            <filename>faq.zh_TW.Big5.pdf.tgz</filename>¡C</para>

          <para>ª¾¹D³oÂI¤§«á¡A´N¥i¥H¥Î¤U­±«ü¥O¨Ó¦w¸Ë¤¤¤åª© FAQ ®M¥ó¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/packages/faq.zh_TW.Big5.pdf.tgz</userinput></screen>

          <para>§¹¦¨¤§«á¡A¥i¥H¥Î &man.pkg.info.1; ¨Ó§ä¥XÀɮ׸˦b­þÃä¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info -f faq.zh_TW.Big5.pdf</userinput>
Information for faq.zh_TW.Big5.pdf:

Packing list:
        Package name: faq.zh_TW.Big5.pdf
        CWD to /usr/share/doc/zh_TW.Big5/books/faq
File: book.pdf
        CWD to .
File: +COMMENT (ignored)
File: +DESC (ignored)</screen>

          <para>¦p¦P±z©Ò¬Ý¨ìªº <filename>book.pdf</filename> ·|³Q¦w¸Ë¨ì
            <filename>/usr/share/doc/zh_TW.Big5/books/faq</filename> ¤º¡C</para>

          <para>­Y¤£·Q¥Î package ¤è¦¡¦w¸Ë¡A¨º»ò´N»Ý¤â°Ê¤U¸ü¡B¸ÑÀ£ÁY¡B½Æ»s¨ì§A·Q­nÂ\©ñªº¦ì¸m¥h¡C</para>

          <para>Á|¨Ò¡A³¹¸`¼Ò¦¡(split HTML)ª©ªº­^¤å FAQ (À£ÁY¬° &man.bzip2.1;)·|©ñ¦b
            <filename>doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html-split.tar.bz2</filename>
            ­n¤U¸ü¡B¸ÑÀ£ªº¸Ü¡A«h­n¥´¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fetch ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html-split.tar.bz2</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>bzip2 -d book.html-split.tar.bz2</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>tar xvf book.html-split.tar</userinput></screen>

          <para>³o®É§A·|¬Ý¨ì¤@°ï <filename>.html</filename> ªºÀɮסA
	    ¥D­nªº¥Ø¿ýÀɬ° <filename>index.html</filename>
	    ¤º§t¥D¥Ø¿ý¤Î³sµ²¨ì¨ä¥L¤å¥ó¡C(­Y¦³»Ý­nªº¸Ü¡A¤]¥i¥H½Æ»s©Î·h²¾³o¨ÇÀɮרì¦P¤@¥Ø¿ý¤U)</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="mailing">
          <para>­þ¸Ì¦³Ãö©ó FreeBSD ªº¶l»¼½×¾Â(mailing lists)©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¥i¥H±q FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤W­±ªº <ulink
	  url="&url.books.handbook;/eresources.html#ERESOURCES-MAIL">¶l»¼½×¾Â(mailing-lists)</ulink>
	  ³¡¤ÀÀò±oµª®×¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="newsgroups">
          <para>¦³­þ¨Ç¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îªº FreeBSD ·s»D¸s²Õ(news groups)©O?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³oµª®×¥i¥H±q FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤W­±ªº  <ulink
            url="&url.books.handbook;/eresources-news.html">·s»D¸s²Õ(newsgroups)</ulink>
	    ³¡¤ÀÀò±oµª®×¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="man">
          <para>¦b¤å¥ó¤¤±`¬Ý¨ìÃþ¦ü "pf(4)"¡B"pfctl(8)" µ¥³o¨Ç¦r¼Ë¥Nªí¤°»ò·N«ä©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³oªí¥Ü man ªº³¹¸`¡A¨t²Î¤W¤@¯ë¦³¤K­Ó³¹¸`¡G</para>
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>1->generl commands</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>2->system calls and error numbers </para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>3->C libraries</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>4->devices and device drivers</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>5->file formats</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>6->games</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>7->miscellaneous information pages</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>8->system maintenance and operation commands</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>

	  <para>¤ñ¦p¡Gpf(4) ´N¬O«ü <command>man 4 pf</command>¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="irc">
          <para>¦³­þ¨Ç FreeBSD IRC (Internet Relay Chat)ÀW¹D©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦³ªº¡A¤j³¡¤Àªº IRC ¥D¾÷³£¦³ FreeBSD ²á¤ÑÀW¹D¡G</para>

          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para><ulink url="http://www.efnet.org/index.php">EFNet</ulink> ªº
		<literal>#FreeBSD</literal> ÀW¹D¬O­Ó FreeBSD ½×¾Â¡A
	        ¦ý¥i¤£¾A¦X¨º¨Ç·Q¤£³Ò¦ÓÀò©ÎªÌ·h±Ï§L¥Îªº¡C
	        ³o¸Ì¬O²á¤Ñ¥ÎªºÀW¹D¡A¸ÜÃD½d³ò¬Æ¦Ü¯A¤Î¡y©Ê¡B¹B°Ê¡B®ÖªZ¡zµ¥¡A
	        ½Ðª`·N¡G§Ú­Ì¤w¸gĵ§i¹L§A¤F¡I¥»ÀW¹D¥i¸g¥Ñ
		<hostid>irc.chat.org</hostid> ¶i¤J¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para><ulink url="http://www.efnet.org/index.php">EFNet</ulink> ªº
	        <literal>#FreeBSDhelp</literal> ÀW¹D¤D¬Oµ¹ FreeBSD
		¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤§¶¡¥æ¬yªº¡A¨Ó³o¸Ì´£°Ý·|¤ñ <literal>#FreeBSD</literal>
		¦n¤@¨Ç¡A·íµM½Ð¤£­n¤@ªÑ¸£ÀH«K¶Ã°Ý¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para><ulink url="http://www.dal.net/">DALNET</ulink> ªº
	        <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> ÀW¹D¡A¥i¥Ñ
		<hostid>irc.dal.net</hostid>(¦ì©ó¬ü°ê)¤Î
                <hostid>irc.eu.dal.net</hostid>(¦ì©ó¼Ú¬w)¶i¤J¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para><ulink url="http://www.dal.net/">DALNET</ulink> ªº
	        <literal>#FreeBSDHelp</literal> ÀW¹D¡A¥i¥Ñ
		<hostid>irc.dal.net</hostid>(¦ì©ó¬ü°ê)¤Î
	        <hostid>irc.eu.dal.net</hostid>(¦ì©ó¼Ú¬w)¶i¤J¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para><ulink url="http://www.undernet.org/">UNDERNET</ulink> ªº
	        <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> ÀW¹D¡A¥i¥Ñ
		<hostid>us.undernet.org</hostid>(¦ì©ó¬ü°ê)¤Î
	        <hostid>eu.undernet.org</hostid>(¦ì©ó¼Ú¬w)¶i¤J¡C
		¥Ñ©ó³o¬O­Ó»²§U·s¤â¥ÎªºÀW¹D¡A
	        ½Ð°O±o¾\Ū§O¤H¦V§A´£¤Îªº³sµ²©ÎÀɮסC</para>
            </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para><ulink url="http://www.rusnet.org.ru/">RUSNET</ulink> ªº
		<literal>#FreeBSD</literal> ÀW¹D¬O«X»y°ê®aªº &os; ¨Ï¥ÎªÌÀW¹D¡C
		³o¸Ì¦P®É¤]¬O¤@¯ë¥æ¬yªº°Q½×¦n¥h³B¡C</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para><ulink
		url="http://freenode.net/irc_servers.shtml">freebsd-gnome
		</ulink> ªº <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> ÀW¹D¡A¥i¥Ñ
		<hostid>irc.freenode.net</hostid> ¶i¤J¡A
	        ³o¬O Gnome ªº &os; ¨Ï¥ÎªÌÀW¹D¡C</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para><ulink url="http://freenode.net/irc_servers.shtml">freenode</ulink>
		ªº <literal>#bsdchat</literal> ÀW¹D¡A¥i¥Ñ
		<hostid>irc.freenode.net</hostid> ¶i¤J¡A
	        ³o¬O¥xÆWªº &os; ¨Ï¥ÎªÌÀW¹D¡C(UTF-8 ½s½X)</para>
	    </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>

          <para>¤W­z¨C­ÓÀW¹D³£¤£¤@¼Ë¡A­·®æ­~²§¦Ó¦U¨ã¯S¦â¡A¥B¨Ã¨S¦³¬Û³s¡A
	    ¦]¦¹¡A§A±o¦h¤è¹Á¸Õ¤~¯à§ä¨ì¾A¦X¦Û¤vªºÀW¹D¡C
	    ¦Ó¦³¨Ç¦a¤è»P©Ò¦³ªº IRC ¤å¤ÆÃþ¦ü¡A´N¬O½Ðª`·N¦Û¤v¨¥¦æ¬O§_«ê·í¡A
	    ¥t¥~¥i¯à¸òÀW¹D¤º¤@¨Ç¦~»´/¦Ñ¤@½úªº·|¦³¨Ç¥N·¾»Ý­n¾AÀ³¡A
	    Á`¤§½Ð¦h«O«ù§»ª¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question id="training">
	  <para>¥i¥H±q­þÃäÀò±o FreeBSD ªº±Ð¨|½Òµ{°V½m¤Î§Þ³N¤ä´©©O¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>DaemonNews ¦³±Mªù´£¨Ñ FreeBSD ªº±Ð¨|½Òµ{°V½m¤Î§Þ³N¤ä´©¡C
	    ¸Ô±¡½Ð¨ì <ulink url="http://www.bsdmall.com/">BSD Mall</ulink>
	    ¹î¬Ý¡AÁÂÁ¡C</para>

          <para>FreeBSD Mall ¦³´£¨Ñ BSD §Þ³N¤ä´©¥I¶OªA°È¡A
            ¸Ô±¡½Ð¨ì <ulink
            url="http://www.freebsdmall.com/">FreeBSD Mall</ulink> ¹î¬Ý¡AÁÂÁ¡C</para>


	  <para>¨ä¥L¥ô¦ó¦³´£¨Ñ±Ð¨|½Òµ{°V½m¤Î§Þ³N¤ä´©ªº²Õ´¡B³æ¦ì¡A­Y¤]·Q¦Cªí©ó¦¹ªº¸Ü¡A
	    ½Ð»P &a.doc; Ápµ¸¡AÁÂÁ¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </chapter>

  <chapter
    id="install">
    <chapterinfo>
      <author>
	<firstname>Nik</firstname>
	<surname>Clayton</surname>
	<affiliation>
	  <address><email>nik@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
	</affiliation>
      </author>
    </chapterinfo>

    <title>¦w¸Ë</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="floppy-download">
          <para>­Y­n¥Î³nºÐ¤ù¶}¾÷¨Ó¦w¸Ë FreeBSD ªº¸Ü¡A­n¤U¸ü­þ¨ÇÀɮשO¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>&os; 4.X ªº¸Ü¡A»Ý­n¨â­Ó image ÀÉ¡G
            <filename>floppies/kernel.flp</filename> ¤Î
            <filename>floppies/mfsroot.flp</filename>¡Cimage ÀÉ¥²¶·¥Î¤u¨ã¹³¬O
	    <command>fdimage</command> ©Î &man.dd.1; ¨Ó¶Ç°e¨ìºÏ¤ù¤W¡C
            ­Y¬O¦b &os; 5.3 (¤Î¤§«áª©¥»)¦³­«·s³W¹º¶}¾÷¤ù¬[ºc¡A©Ò¥H­n§ìªº¬O
            <filename>floppies/boot.flp</filename> ¥H¤Î <filename>floppies/kern<replaceable>X</replaceable></filename>
            ÀÉ®×(¥Ø«e X ¬° 1 ¸ò 2 ¨â­Ó¡A¥[¤W <filename>floppies/boot.flp</filename>¡AÁ`¦@¬O 3 ­ÓÀÉ®×)¡C</para>

          <para>­Y·Q¦Û¤v¤U¸ü distributions ªº¸Ü(¤ñ¦p¥H &ms-dos; Àɮרt²Î®æ¦¡¦w¸Ë)¡A
            ¥H¤U¬O«Øij­n§ìªº distributions ¡G</para>


          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>base/ (4.X ª©¥»«h¬° bin/)</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>manpages/</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>compat*/</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>doc/</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>src/ssys.*</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>


          <para>§¹¾ã¦w¸Ë¨BÆJ¥H¤Î¤j³¡¤Àªº¦w¸Ë°ÝÃD¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥Uªº
            <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/install.html">¦w¸Ë FreeBSD</ulink> ³¹¸`</para>

        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="floppy-image-too-large">
          <para>­YºÏ¤ù¸Ë¤£¤U image Àɪº¸Ü¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¤@±i 3.5 ­^¦T(1.44MB) ªººÏºÐ¤ù¬O¥i¥H¸Ë¤W 1474560 bytes ªº¸ê®Æ
            ¡A¦Ó¶}¾÷¤ùªº image Àɮפj¤p¹ê»Ú¤W¤]¬O 1474560 bytes¡C</para>

          <para>¦b»s§@¶}¾÷¤ù®É¡A±`¨£¿ù»~¦³¡G</para>

          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>¨Ï¥Î <acronym>FTP</acronym> ¨Ó¤U¸üÀɮ׮ɡA
	        ¥¼¿ï¾Ü <emphasis>binary</emphasis> ¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡¨Ó¤U¸ü¡C</para>


              <para>¦³¨Ç FTP clientºÝµ{¦¡¡A¬O¹w³]±N¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡³]©w¬°
                <emphasis>ascii</emphasis> ¼Ò¦¡¡A¦Ó¥B·|­×§ï±µ¦¬¨ìªºÀɮצæ§À¦r¦ê¬° client ºÝªº§@·~¨t²Î¤è¦¡
		¡A¤ñ¦p newline(&unix;®æ¦¡) ¨ì¤F§@·~¨t²Î¬° &windows; ªº client ºÝ·|³Q§ï¬° CR-LF(&ms-dos;®æ¦¡)¡A
		³o·|¨Ï±o image ÀÉ¥»¨­¾D¨ì­×§ï¦ÓµLªk¥¿±`¨Ï¥Î¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦pªG¤U¸üªº image
	        Àɮפj¤p­Y»P FTP ¥D¾÷¤W­±ªºÀɮסy<emphasis>¤£¤@­P</emphasis>¡z
	        ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð­«·s¨Ï¥Î binary ¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡¤U¸ü§Y¥i¡C</para>

              <para>FTP «ü¥O: ¶i¤J FTP ¤§«á¡A¥´ <emphasis>binary</emphasis>
	        «ü¥O¡A§Y¥i¤Á´«¨ì binary ¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á¦A¤U¸ü¬ÛÃö image ÀɮסC</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>ª½±µ¥Î &ms-dos; ªº <command>copy</command> «ü¥O(©ÎÃþ¦ü
                ªº GUI µ{¦¡¡B©Î¬Oµøµ¡¤Wª½±µ½Æ»s)¨Ó½Æ»s¶}¾÷¥Îªº image ÀɨìºÏ¤ù¤W¡C
                </para>

              <para>¤£¥i¥H¥Î¹³¬O <command>copy</command> ³oÃþµ{¦¡ª½±µ±N image
	        Àɽƻs¨ìºÏ¤ù¤W¡A¦]¬° image ÀÉ¥»¨­¥]§t¤F§¹¾ãªººÏ­y¸ê®Æ¡A©Ò¥H¤£¯à³æ¯Â¥Î½Æ»s¤è¦¡¡A
	        ¦Ó¥²¶·¨Ï¥Î§C¶¥¤u¨ãµ{¦¡(¹³¬O <command>fdimage</command> ©Î <command>rawrite</command>)¡A
	        ¥H <quote>raw</quote> ¤è¦¡¶Ç°e¨ìºÏ¤ù¤W¡C(³o³¡¤À¥i°Ñ¾\ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤Wªº <ulink
	        url="&url.books.handbook;/install.html">¦w¸Ë FreeBSD</ulink>)</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="install-instructions-location">
          <para>¥i¥H¦b­þÃä§ä¨ì¦w¸Ë FreeBSD ªº¸Ñ»¡¨BÆJ©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦w¸Ë¨BÆJªº¸Ñ»¡¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤Wªº
            <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/install.html">¦w¸Ë FreeBSD</ulink> ³¹¸`³¡¤À¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="need-to-run">
          <para>­n¶] FreeBSD »Ý­n¤°»òªº°t³Æ©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>&os; 4.X ¤§«eªºª©¥»¡AµwÅé»Ý¨D¬° 386 ©Î§ó°ª¯Åªº PC
            ¡A°O¾ÐÅé(RAM)¦Ü¤Ö­n 5 MB ©Î§ó¦h¡AµwºÐªÅ¶¡¦Ü¤Ö­n 60 MB ©Î§ó¦h¡C
            ¤£¹L¡A&os; ¡y¨t²Î¦w¸Ëµ{¦¡¡zªº°O¾ÐÅé(RAM)»Ý¨D¬°¦Ü¤Ö 16 MB¡C</para>

	  <para>±q &os; 5.X °_¡AµwÅé»Ý¨D¬° 486 ©Î§ó°ª¯Åªº PC
	    ¡A°O¾ÐÅé(RAM)¦Ü¤Ö­n 24 MB ©Î§ó¦h¡AµwºÐªÅ¶¡¦Ü¤Ö­n 150 MB ©Î§ó¦h¡C
            </para>

	  <para>&os; ªº©Ò¦³ª©¥»³£¥i¥H¥u¥Î§C¶¥ªº MDA ³W®æÅã¥Ü¥d¡A¤£¹L...­n¶] X11R6 µøµ¡ªº¸Ü¡A
	    ÁÙ¬O¦Ü¤Ö¥Î VGA ©Î§ó¦n³W®æªºÅã¥Ü¥d¨Ó¥Î§a¡C</para>

          <para>³o³¡¤À¤]¥i°Ñ¾\ <xref linkend="hardware"/>¡C</para>

        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="four-meg-ram-install">
          <para>§Ú¹q¸£ RAM ¥u¦³ 4MB ¦Ó¤w¡A¥i¥H¸Ë FreeBSD ¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦w¸Ë &os; 4.X ªº°O¾ÐÅé»Ý¨D¬°¦Ü¤Ö 5 MB ¡A¦Ó
            ¦w¸Ë &os; 5.X (§t¤§«áª©¥») «h¬O¦Ü¤Ö­n 8 MB ¡C</para>

          <para>¦b 5.X ¤§«eªº©Ò¦³ &os; ª©¥»¡A³£¥i¥H¥u¥Î 4 MB ªº°O¾ÐÅé¨Ó
	    <emphasis>¡y¹B§@¡z</emphasis>¡A¤£¹L¡A«e­±¨º¸`§Ú­Ì»¡¹L¤F¡y¨t²Î¦w¸Ëµ{¦¡¡zªº¸Ü¡A
	    «hµLªk¥u¥Î 4 MB ªº°O¾ÐÅé¨Ó°õ¦æ¡C¦]¦¹¡A§A¥i¥H¥ý¦b¡y¨t²Î¦w¸Ëµ{¦¡¡z³o¨BÆJ¤§«e¡A
	    ¥ý±N°O¾ÐÅé¥[¨ì 16 MB ¥H¤W¡A¦w¸Ë§¹ FreeBSD ¤§«á¡A´N¥i¥H§â¦h¾lªº°O¾ÐÅ鮳¤U¨Ó¡C
	    ©ÎªÌ¬O¡A¥ý§â­n¦w¸ËªºµwºÐ®³¨ì¦³¨¬°÷°O¾ÐÅ骺¾÷¾¹¤W¥ý¸Ë¦n¡A
	    µM«á¦A§âµwºÐ©ñ¦^­ì¾÷¾¹¡C</para>

          <para>¦¹¥~¡A¥u¥Î 4 MB ªº°O¾ÐÅé¨Ó¹B§@ªº¸Ü¡A¥²¶·­n¦Û»s kernel(®³±¼¤£¥²­nªº¥H¤ÎÄ묹¤@¨ÇªF¦è)¡C
	    ¤]¦³¤H¦¨¥\¥u¥Î 2 MB ªº°O¾ÐÅé¥H &os; ¶}¾÷(ÁöµM³o¼Ëªº¨t²Î´X¥Gµ¥©ó¼o¤F..)</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="custom-boot-floppy">
          <para>­n«ç¼Ë¤~¯à¦Û¦æ¥´³y±M¥Îªº¶}¾÷¡B¦w¸ËºÏ¤ù©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
	  <para>¥Ø«e¡AÁÙ¨S¦³¿ìªk<emphasis>¡y¥u¡z</emphasis>¦Û»s±M¥Îªº¶}¾÷¡B¦w¸ËºÏ¤ù¡C
            ¥²¶·³z¹L¦Û¦æ¥´³y§¹¾ã§@·~¨t²Îªº release(µo¦æ)¡A³o¼Ë¸Ì­±¤~·|¥]¬A¦Û¤vªº¶}¾÷¡B¦w¸ËºÏ¤ù¡C</para>

          <para>­Y·Q¦Û¦æ¥´³y¡Bµo¦æ(release)¤@­Ó§¹¾ãªº§@·~¨t²Î¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\³o½g
            <ulink url="&url.articles.releng;/article.html">Release Engineering</ulink> ¤å³¹¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="windows-coexist">
          <para>&windows; ¥i¥H»P FreeBSD ¦@¦s©ó¹q¸£¤W¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥ý¸Ë &windows; ¦A¸Ë FreeBSD¡C
            ¨º»ò FreeBSD ¦h­«¶}¾÷ºÞ²z­û(boot manager)´N·|¥X²{¿ï³æÅý§A¿ï¾Ü­n¥H &windows; ©Î
            FreeBSD ¨Ó¶}¾÷¡C¤£¹L¡A­Y§A¬O¥ý¸Ë FreeBSD ¦A¸Ë &windows; ªº¸Ü¡A
	    ¨º»ò  &windows; ±N·|¤£°Ý¥ý®_¡A§â  FreeBSD ªº¦h­«¶}¾÷ºÞ²z­û(boot manager)»\±¼¡A
	    ·í§A¹J¤W³oºØ±¡ªp®É¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤U¤@¸`»¡©ú¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="win95-damaged-boot-manager">
          <para>¶ã.. &windows; §â§Úªº¦h­«¶}¾÷ºÞ²z­û(boot manager)®³±¼¤F¡I­n«ç»ò±Ï¦^¨Ó©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤U¤TºØ¤è¦¡¤§¤@¡A¨Ó±Ï¦^§Aªº FreeBSD ¦h­«¶}¾÷ºÞ²z­û(boot manager)¡G</para>

          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>¥i¥H±q¦U FreeBSD FTP ¯¸ªº <ulink url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/">/pub/FreeBSD/tools/</ulink>
	         §ä¨ì <filename>bootinst.exe</filename> ¤Î <filename>boot.bin</filename> ³o¨â­ÓÀÉ¡A
		 ¥H binary ¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡¤U¸ü«á¡A½Æ»s¨ìºÏ¤ù¤W¡A¦A¥Î DOS ¶}¾÷¤ù¶}¾÷¡A
                ±µµÛ¥´Ãþ¦ü¤U­±ªº«ü¥O¡G</para>

              <screen><prompt>&gt;</prompt> <userinput>bootinst.exe boot.bin</userinput></screen>

              <para>³o¼Ë¡A¦h­«¶}¾÷ºÞ²z­û(boot manager)´N·|­«¸Ë§¹²¦¤F¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>¥Î FreeBSD ¶}¾÷¤ù¶}¾÷¡AµM«á¿ï³æ¨ºÃä¿ï Custom installation(¦Û­q¦w¸Ë)¡A
	         ¦A¿ï Partition¡A±µµÛ¿ï¾Ü§A­n¸Ë¦h­«¶}¾÷ºÞ²z­û(boot manager)ªºµwºÐ(³q±`¬O²Ä¤@Áû)¡A
		 µM«á·|¥X²{ partition editor ªºµe­±¡A³o®É½Ð¤£­n°µ¥ô¦ó­×§ï¡Aª½±µ«ö W Àx¦s¡A
	         ³o®Éµ{¦¡´N·|°Ý¬O§_­n½T©w Write ¡A³Ì«á¥X²{ Boot Manager ¿ï¾Üµe­±¡A
	         °O±o­n¿ï <quote>Boot Manager</quote> ¡A³o¼Ë´N·|­«·s±N¦h­«¶}¾÷ºÞ²z­û(boot manager)
	         ¦w¸Ë¨ìµwºÐ¤W¡C²{¦b¡A´N¤j¥\§i¦¨¥i¥HÂ÷¶}¦w¸Ë¿ï³æ¨Ã­«¶}¾÷¤F¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>¥Î FreeBSD ¶}¾÷¤ù©Î¬O¶}¾÷¥úºÐ¶}¾÷¡AµM«á¿ï³æ¨ºÃä¿ï <quote>Fixit</quote>
                ¡A©Î¬O¥H Fixit ¶}¾÷¤ù©Î¬O¥úºÐ¦w¸Ëªº²Ä¤G¤ù(¿ï¾Ü <quote>live</quote> filesystem
                ¿ï¶µ)µM«á´N·|¶i¤J fixit shell ¤F¡A±µµÛ¥´¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para>

              <screen><prompt>Fixit#</prompt> <userinput>fdisk -B -b /boot/boot0 <replaceable>bootdevice</replaceable></userinput></screen>

              <para>½Ð±N¤W­±ªº <replaceable>bootdevice</replaceable> ­×§ï¬°±z¹ê»Úªº¶}¾÷µwºÐ¥N¸¹
                ¤ñ¦p <devicename>ad0</devicename> (²Ä¤@Áû IDE µwºÐ)
                ¡A©Î¬O<devicename>ad4</devicename> (first IDE disk on
                auxiliary controller), <devicename>da0</devicename> (²Ä¤@Áû
                SCSI µwºÐ)µ¥µ¥¡C</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="boot-on-thinkpad">
          <para>IBM Thinkpad A¨t¦C¡BT¨t¦C©Î X¨t¦Cªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¸Ë§¹ FreeBSD ¤§«á­«¶}¾÷¡A´N·í¤F¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>(¥»°ÝÃD¥D­n¬Oµo¥Í¦b 2000 ~ 2001 ¥|¤ë¶¡®É)³o¨Ç IBM ¾÷¾¹¤Wªº BIOS ¦­´Áª©¥»¦³­Ó¯äÂÎ(bug)·|§â
	    FreeBSD ¤À³Î°Ï»~»{¬°¬O FAT ®æ¦¡¤À³Î°Ï¡AµM«á·í BIOS ¸ÕµÛ°»´ú FreeBSD ¤À³Î°Ï®É¡A´N·|·í¤F¡C</para>

          <para>®Ú¾Ú IBM ¤è­±ªº»¡ªk<footnote><para>¤@«Ê¨Ó¦Û Keith
                Frechette ªº e-mail <email>kfrechet@us.ibm.com</email>¡C</para></footnote>
	    ¡A¥H¤U«¬¸¹/BIOSª©¥»ªº¾÷ºØ¡A¤w¸g³£¦³­×¥¿¡G</para>

          <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
            <tgroup cols="2">
              <thead>
                <row>
                  <entry>«¬¸¹</entry>
                  <entry>BIOS ª©¥»</entry>
                </row>
              </thead>

              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>T20</entry>
                  <entry>IYET49WW(§t¤§«á)</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>T21</entry>
                  <entry>KZET22WW(§t¤§«á)</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>A20p</entry>
                  <entry>IVET62WW(§t¤§«á)</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>A20m</entry>
                  <entry>IWET54WW(§t¤§«á)</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>A21p</entry>
                  <entry>KYET27WW(§t¤§«á)</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>A21m</entry>
                  <entry>KXET24WW(§t¤§«á)</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>A21e</entry>
                  <entry>KUET30WW</entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>

	  <para>³o¨Ç«á´Áªº IBM BIOS ­×­qª©¤j¦h¤w¸g­×¥¿¦¹¤@¯äÂΡCJacques Vidrine ¼gµ¹ &a.mobile; ªº
	    <ulink url="http://docs.FreeBSD.org/cgi/mid.cgi?20010427133759.A71732">³o«Ê«H
	    </ulink> ¤W­±»¡©ú¤F­Y§A·sªº IBM µ§°O«¬¹q¸£µLªk¶¶§Q¥H FreeBSD ¶}¾÷ªº¸Ñªk¨BÆJ
	    (°²³]¥i¥H¤É¯Å©Î­°¯Å BIOS ª©¥»ªº¸Ü)¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG¾÷¾¹¥Îªº¬O¸û¥j¦­ª©¥»ªº BIOS¡A¦Ó¥B¤£¾A¦X§ó·s BIOS ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò¥H¤U§Ú­Ì·|¤¶²Ð¼È®É¸Ñªk¡A
	    ±Ð§A¦p¦ó­×§ï FreeBSD ¤À³Î°Ï©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº ID ¡A¨Ã¦w¸Ë¬ÛÃö­×¸Éµ{¦¡¡C</para>

          <para>First, you will need to restore the machine to a state where
            it can get through its self-test screen.  Doing this requires
            powering up the machine without letting it find a FreeBSD
            partition on its primary disk.  One way is to remove the hard disk
            and temporarily move it to an older ThinkPad (such as a ThinkPad
            600) or a desktop PC with an appropriate conversion cable.  Once
            it is there, you can delete the FreeBSD partition and move the hard
            disk back.  The ThinkPad should now be in a bootable state
            again.</para>

          <para>With the machine functional again, you can use the workaround
            procedure described here to get a working FreeBSD
            installation.</para>

          <procedure>
            <step>
              <para>±q <ulink url="http://people.FreeBSD.org/~bmah/ThinkPad/"></ulink>
	        ¨Ó¤U¸ü <filename>boot1</filename> ¤Î <filename>boot2</filename> ³o¨â­ÓÀÉ¡C
                §â³o¨â­ÓÀɮשñ¦bºÏ¤ù¡B¥úºÐ©Î¨ä¥LµwºÐ¤W¡C</para>
            </step>

            <step>
              <para>¥H¤@¯ë¦w¸Ë FreeBSD ¸Ë¨ì ThinkPad ¤W¡A°O±o
                <emphasis>¡y¤£­n¥Î¡z</emphasis> <literal>Dangerously
                  Dedicated</literal> ¼Ò¦¡¡C  ¦¹¥~¡A<emphasis>¡y¤£­n¡z</emphasis>
                ¦b§¹¦¨¦w¸Ë¤§«á´N­«¶}¾÷¡C</para>
            </step>

            <step>
              <para>¶i¤J shell¡G(«ö <keycombo action="simul"><keycap>ALT</keycap><keycap>F4</keycap></keycombo>)
	        ¤Á´«¨ì<quote>Emergency Holographic Shell</quote> ©Î¬O¿ï³æ¤W­±¿ï¾Ü
                <quote>fixit</quote> shell¡C</para>
            </step>

            <step>
              <para>¥Î &man.fdisk.8; §â FreeBSD ¤À³Î°Ï ID ¥Ñ <literal>165</literal> §ï¬°
	        <literal>166</literal>(OpenBSD©Ò¨Ï¥ÎªºID)¡C</para>
            </step>

            <step>
              <para>§â­è­è´£ªº <filename>boot1</filename> ¸ò
                <filename>boot2</filename> ³o¨â­ÓÀɮשñ¨ì¥Ø«eªºµwºÐÀɮרt²Î¤W¡C</para>
            </step>

            <step>
              <para>¥H &man.disklabel.8; §â <filename>boot1</filename> ¤Î
                <filename>boot2</filename> ¦s¨ì§Aªº FreeBSD slice ¤W­±¡C</para>

              <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -B -b boot1 -s boot2 ad0s<replaceable>n</replaceable></userinput></screen>

              <para><replaceable>¡un¡v</replaceable> ¬O§A¸Ë FreeBSD ªº slice¡A
	        ½Ð±N <replaceable>¡un¡v</replaceable> §ï¬°²Å¦X§A¨t²Î²{ªpªº slice¡C</para>
            </step>

            <step>
              <para>­«¶}¾÷¡A¦b boot prompt ·|¬Ý¨ì¦³ <literal>OpenBSD</literal> ªº¿ï¶µ¡A
	        ¿ï¥¦¡A³o¼Ë´N·|¥H FreeBSD ¶}¾÷¡C</para>
            </step>
          </procedure>

          <para>¥t¥~¡A¦Ü©ó¦p¦óÅý OpenBSD ¤Î FreeBSD ¨Ã¦s¦b¦P¤@¥x IBM ThinkPad ¤W...
	    ³o­Ó°ÝÃD´N¥æµ¹¦U¦ì¬Ý­¾­Ì¥h¹Á¸Õ¤F :p</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="install-bad-blocks">
          <para>¦³Ãa­yªºµwºÐ¥i¥H®³¨Ó¸Ë FreeBSD ¹À¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>(¦pªG«Ü°í«ùªº¸Ü)¤]¬O¥i¥H¡A¤£¹L³o·QªkÅãµM¤£¤Ó©ú´¼¡C:(</para>

	  <para>¦pªG¦b¤@¯ë¸û·sªº IDE µwºÐ¤W¬Ý¨ì¦³Ãa­y¡A«Ü¦³¥i¯à¥Nªí¡G³oÁûµwºÐ§Y±N±¾ÂI¤F¡C
	    (¦]¬°¥Ø«e©Ò¦³¸û·sªº IDE µwºÐ¡A¤º³¡³£¦³¦Û°Ê remapping Ãa­yªº¯à¤O¡C
	    ¦pªG¬Ý¨ì¦³Ãa­y¡A«hªí¥Ü¥¦¤º³¡¦Û°Ê remapping ¥\¯à¥¢®Ä¡AµLªk³B²zÃa­y¡A
	    ¤]´N¬O»¡³oÁûµwºÐ¤w¸g¬OÄY­«·lÃaµ{«×¤F¡C)§Ú­Ì«Øij¶RÁû·sµwºÐ¤ñ¸û°®¯Ü¨Ç­ò¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG¬O SCSI µwºÐ¦³Ãa­yªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¸ÕµÛ°Ñ¦Ò³o­Ó
            <link linkend="awre">¸Ñªk</link>¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="boot-floppy-strangeness">
          <para>¥Î¦w¸ËºÏ¤ù¶}¾÷®É¡A«o¦³¨Ç©Ç²{¶Hµo¥Í¡I³o¬O¤°»ò±¡ªp©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>­Y¬Ý¨ì¤@¨Ç©Ç²§²{¶H¡A¹³¬O¶}¾÷¤ù¶}¾÷¶}¨ì¤@¥b´N·í¤F¡AºÏºÐ¾÷§¹¥þ¨S¥ô¦ó°Ê§@¡B
	    ©Î¬O¤£Â_¤ÏÂЭ«¶}¾÷¡A½Ð¥ýÀˬd¥H¤U´X­Ó½u¯Á¡G</para>

          <orderedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>½Ð½T©w¬O§_¬°¥þ·s¡B¨S¦³ºÏ­y¿ù»~ªººÏ¤ù¡H
	        (³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î·s¶Rªº¡A¦Ó«DÂø»x¡B®Ñ¥»ªþÃتº¡A¬Æ¦ÜÁÙ©ñ¦b§É©³¤U¤T¦~¤F...=_="")</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>½Ð½T©w¬O§_¦³¥Î binary(©Îimage)¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡¨Ó¤U¸ü image ÀÉ¡H
	        (¤£¥Îı±o¤£¦n·N«ä¡A§Y¨Ï¬O§Ú­Ì¤]´¿·N¥~¥H ASCII ¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡¨Ó¤U¸ü binary ÀɮסI)</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>­Y§A¬O &windows; 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP/2003 ¨Ó¤U¸ü¡B»s§@¶}¾÷ºÏ¤ùªº¸Ü¡A
	        ½Ð½T©w¬O§_¦³¦b DOS ¼Ò¦¡¨Ï¥Î <command>fdimage</command> ©Î
                <command>rawrite</command> ³o¨â­Ó¤u¨ãµ{¦¡¡H­èÁ¿ªº³o¨Ç§@·~¨t²Î¡A
	        ³£·|¼vÅTµ{¦¡¥hª½±µ¼g¤JµwÅé¡A¹³¬O»s§@¶}¾÷¤ù¤§Ãþªº°Ê§@¡C
	        ¦³®É­Ô¡A¦b GUI ¤¶­±¤Wªº DOS shell ¤]¥i¯à·|µo¥Í³o¼Ëªº°ÝÃD¡C
                </para>
            </listitem>
          </orderedlist>

          <para>¦¹¥~¡Aª½±µ³z¹L &netscape; ÂsÄý¾¹¤U¸ü image Àɪº¸Ü¡A¤]¦³Ãþ¦ü²{¶H¡C
	    ©Ò¥H¡A¦pªG¥i¥Hªº¸Ü¡A½Ð§ï¥Î¨ä¥L¥i¥H½Õ¾ã³]©wªº FTP clientºÝµ{¦¡¨Ó¶i¦æ¤U¸ü¡C
	    (·íµM¡A­n°O±o½Õ binary ¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡)</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="no-install-cdrom">
          <para>¥Î¥úºÐ¶}¾÷¤ù¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡A¦ý¥úºÐ¶}¾÷«á¡A¦w¸Ëµ{¦¡»¡§ä¤£¨ì¥úºÐ...³o¬O«ç»ò¤F¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
	  <para>³q±`°ÝÃD¦b©ó¥úºÐ¾÷³]©w¿ù»~¡C¥Ø«e«Ü¦h¹q¸£ªº¥X¼t¼Ð·Ç°t³Æ³£¦³¥úºÐ¾÷¡A¨Ã¥B
	    ·|¹w¥ý³]©w¬° IDE ³q¹D¤W­± Secondary ªº Slave ³]³Æ¡A¦Ó Secondary ¤W­±ªº
	    «o¨S¦³ Master ³]³Æ¡C¥H ATAPI ªº³W®æ¦Ó¨¥¡A³o¬O¿ù»~ªº³]©w¡AµM¦Ó &windows; ªº§@ªk
	    ¬O¤£²z·|³o¨Ç³W®æ¤Wªº³]©w°ÝÃD¡A¦Ó¥B¶}¾÷®É BIOS °»´ú¤]·|²¤¹L³oÂI¡C
	    ³o¤]´N¬O¬°¤°»ò BIOS ¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¥úºÐ¡A¨Ã¥B¥i¥Î¥úºÐ¶}¾÷¡A¦ý FreeBSD
	    µLªk¥¿±`§ì¨ì¥úºÐ¥H¶¶§Q¶i¦æ¦w¸Ë¡C</para>

          <para>¸Ñªk¡G­«·s³]©w¨t²Î¡AÅý¥úºÐ¦¨¬°¥¦©Ò³s±µ¨º±ø IDE ³q¹Dªº Master¡A
	    ©ÎªÌ¥u¦³¤@±ø IDE ³q¹Dªº¸Ü¡A¨º´NÅý¥úºÐ¾÷¦¨¬° Slave
	    ¡A·íµM¸Ó IDE ³q¹D¤W¦Ü¤Ö­n¦³ Master ³]³Æ¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="install-PLIP">
          <para>§Ú¥i¥H¥Î PLIP(Parallel Line IP)¤è¦¡¨Ó¦w¸Ë FreeBSD ¨ìµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤W¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥i¥H¡A¥Î¤@±ø´¶³qªº Laplink ½u´N¥i¥HÅo¡C­Y¦³³o¤è­±»Ý¨Dªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤¤ªº
            <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/network-plip.html">PLIP
            ³¹¸`</ulink> ªº²Ó³¡³]©w</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="geometry">
          <para>¸Ó¥Î­þ¤@ºØµwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
            <note>
              <para>³o¸Ìªº¡yµwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)¡z¡A«üªº¬OµwºÐ¤Wªº
              ¡ucylinders¡v¡B¡uheads¡v¡B¡usectors/track¡v ³o¤T­Ó³]©w°Ñ¼Æ¡C
	      ±µ¤U¨Óªº¤å³¹¤º¡A¬°¤F¤è«K¤¶²Ð¡A±N²ºÙ¬°¡yC/H/S¡z¡C
	      ³o¨Ç³]©w°Ñ¼Æ¬OÅý PC ¤Wªº BIOS ¯à¶¶§Q¦a¥¿±`§P§OµwºÐ¡A
	      »PµwºÐ¥»¨­Åª¼gªº­«­n¦]¯À¡C</para>
            </note>

          <para>¹ï­è±µ¤âªº¨t²ÎºÞ²zªÌ·s¤â¦Ó¨¥¡A³o¨Ç³]©w°Ñ¼Æ±`³y¦¨¤@¨Ç§xÂZ¡C
	    ­º¥ý¡ASCSI µwºÐ¤Wªº <emphasis>physical</emphasis> geometry
	    ¸ò FreeBSD ¤Wªº disk blocks ¬O§¹¥þµLÃöªº¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A
	    ´NµwºÐ¤WºÏ°Ï±K«×ªºÅܤƦӨ¥¡A¨Ã¨S¦³©Ò¿×¡yphysical geometry¡z³oºØªF¦è¡C
	    µwºÐ»s³y°Ó©Ò»¡ªº¡yphysical geometry¡z³q±`¬O«ü¡G
	    µwºÐ¤W©Ò¨Ï¥Î³Ì¤pªÅ¶¡¨Ó¦s©ñ¸ê®Æªº³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)¡C
	    ¥H IDE µwºÐ¦Ó¨¥¡AFreeBSD ¥Î¥H¦s¨úµwºÐ³]©wªº¤è¦¡¬O C/H/S ¡A
	    µM¦Ó¡A¥Ø«e¥«­±¤WªºµwºÐ¦­´N¦b¤º³¡¹B§@®É¡A´N¦Û°ÊÂà´«¬° block ¤è¦¡
	    ¤F¡C</para>

          <para>¯u¥¿ÃöÁ䪺¦a¤è¡A¨ä¹ê¬O¦b©ó ¡y<emphasis>logical</emphasis>
            geometry¡z¡X ³o¬O BIOS °»´úµwºÐ®É©Ò±o¨ìªº³]©w¡A¨Ã¥B¥Î¨Ó¨M©wµwºÐ¦s¨ú¤è¦¡¡C
            ¥Ñ©ó FreeBSD ¬O±Ä¥Î BIOS ªº°»´ú³]©w­È¡A©Ò¥H¦p¦ó¨ÓÅý BIOS °»´ú¨ìªº³]©w­È«O«ù¥¿½T¡A
	    ¬O¤Q¤À­«­n¡C¤×¨ä¬O¦P¤@ÁûµwºÐ¤W¦³¦h­Ó§@·~¨t²Îªº±¡ªp¡A
	    ¥¦­Ì³£¥²¶·±Ä¥Î¤@­PªºµwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)¡A
	    §_«h´N·|¦³¶}¾÷¶i¤£¥h§@·~¨t²ÎªºÄY­«°ÝÃD¤F¡C</para>

          <para>¥H SCSI µwºÐ¦Ó¨¥¡AµwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)¬O¥Ñ SCSI ¥d¤Wªº
	   extended translation(³q±`«üªº¬O¦³¼Ð¥Ü <quote>support &gt;1GB</quote>(¤ä´© 1GB ¥H¤W®e¶q¡A©ÎÃþ¦ü¦Wµü)
	   ¤ä´©»P§_¨Ó§@¨M©w¡C
           ¦pªG¤£¤ä´©¡A¨º»ò´N·|±Ä¥Î <replaceable>N</replaceable> cylinders¡B
	   64 heads¡B 32 sectors/track §@¬°µwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)¡A³o¸ÌÁ¿ªº¡y<replaceable>N</replaceable>¡z
	   ¬O«üµwºÐªº®e¶q(³æ¦ì¡GMB)¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¨Ó»¡¡A¤@Áû 2GB µwºÐÀ³¸Ó¬O
	   2048 cylinders¡B64 heads¡B32 sectors/track¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG¸Ó SCSI ¦³¤ä´©¨Ï¥Î extended translation ªº¸Ü¡A
	    (³q±`³o­Ó¤è¦¡¦b &ms-dos; ¨Ï¥Î¤W¦³¬Y¨Ç­­¨î)¡A¨Ã¥BµwºÐ®e¶q¤j©ó 1GB¡A
	    ¨º»òµwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)´N·|¨Ï¥Î¹³¬O¡G
	    M cylinders¡B255 heads¡B¨CºÏ­y 63 sectors(½Ðª`·N¡G¤£¬O¡y64¡z®@)¡A
	    ³o¸ÌÁ¿ªº¡y<literal>M</literal>¡z¬O«üµwºÐªº®e¶q(³æ¦ì¡GMB)¦A°£¥H
	    7.844238 ©Ò±o¥Xªº¼Æ­È³á¡I©Ò¥H¡A³o­Ó¨Ò¤lªº¸Ü¡A¦P¼Ë¬O 2GB µwºÐÀ³¸Ó¬O
	    261 cylinders¡B255 heads¡B¨CºÏ­y 63 sectors¡C</para>

          <para>­Y¹ï¤W­±Á¿ªº¤£ÁA¸Ñ¡A©Î¬O FreeBSD ¦b¦w¸Ë®É©Ò°»´ú¨ìªºµwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)
	    ¦³°ÝÃDªº¸Ü¡A³Ì²³æªº¸Ñªk³q±`¬O¦bµwºÐ¤W«Ø¥ß¤@¶ô¤p¤pªº DOS ¤À³Î°Ï(partition)¡C
	    ³o¼Ë¤@¨Ó¡A´N¥i¥H°»´ú¨ì¥¿½TªºµwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ¤F¡A¦Ó¥B¡A
	    ¦pªG¤£·QÄ~Äò¯dµÛ¨º¤p¶ô DOS ¤À³Î°Ïªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥HÀH®É¥Î partition editor
	   ¨Ó®³±¼¥¦¡C©ÎªÌ§â¥¦¯dµÛ·í§@ºô¸ô¥dÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨Ï¥Î¡A©ÎÀH§A°ª¿³«ç»ò¥Î¥¦¡C</para>

	  <para>¦¹¥~©O¡A¦³­Ó§K¶O¦n¥Îªº¤u¨ãµ{¦¡¥s°µ¡y<filename>pfdisk.exe</filename>¡z¡A
	    ³o­Óµ{¦¡©ñ¦b¦U FreeBSD FTP ¯¸©Î¥úºÐªº <filename>tools</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡A
	    ¥¦¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó§ä¥XµwºÐ¤W¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Î©Ò¨Ï¥ÎªºµwºÐ³]©w°Ñ¼Æ¡A
	    µM«á´N¥i¥H¦b partition editor ¤º¿é¤J­è­è§ä¨ìªº¨º¨Ç³]©w°Ñ¼Æ´N¥i¥H¤F¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="disk-divide-restrictions">
          <para>¤À³ÎºÏºÐ¾÷®É¦³¥ô¦ó­­¨î¶Ü¡S</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦³¡A§A¥²¶·½T»{§Aªº root ¤À³Î°Ï¬O¦b 1024 cylinders ¤§¤º¡AÅý
	    BIOS ¥i¥H±q¨ä¤¤±Ò°Ê®Ö¤ß¡C(ª`·N¡G³o¬O PC ªº BIOS ¥\¯à­­¨î¡A¦Ó¤£
	    ¬O FreeBSD ªº)</para>

          <para>¥H SCSI µwºÐ¦Ó¨¥¡A³q±`¬O§â <literal>root</literal> (<filename>/</filename>)
	    ¤À³Î°Ï©ñ¨ìµwºÐ³Ì«e­±ªº 1024MB (¦pªG¦³¤ä´© extended translation ªº¸Ü¡A
	    ¨º»ò¬O³Ì«e­±ªº 4096MB ¡X ³oÂI½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤W¤@¤p¸`)¡C¦Ó IDE µwºÐªº¸Ü¡A¬Û¹ïÀ³ªº«h¬O 504MB¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="disk-manager">
          <para>¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î­þ¨ÇºÏºÐºÞ²zµ{¦¡(disk managers)©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FreeBSD ¥i¥H¥Î Ontrack Disk Manager ¨Ã¥B¹B§@¥¿±`¡A
            ¦Ü©ó¨ä¥Lªº disk manager «h¤£¦b¥¿¦¡¤ä´©¤§¦C¡C</para>

          <para>­Y¾ãÁûµwºÐ¥u¸Ë FreeBSD ¡A¨º»ò´N¤£¥Î¦A¸Ë  disk manager ¤F¡C
            ¥u­n§âµwºÐ³]©w¬° BIOS ©Ò¯à§ì¨ìªº³Ì¤jªÅ¶¡¡A¨º»ò FreeBSD ´N¥iºâ¥X¹ê»Ú¤W¥i¨Ï¥ÎªºªÅ¶¡¤F¡C
	    ¦pªG¡A¥¿¦b¨Ï¥Îªº¬O¥j¦­ MFM ±±¨î¥dªºÂ¦¡µwºÐ¡A
	    ¨º»ò´N»Ý­n¦b FreeBSD¤º§@ cylinders ¬ÛÃö³]©w¤F¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG·Q¦bºÏºÐ¤W¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD ©M¥t¥~ªº§@·~¨t²Î¡A¤]¥i¥H¤£¸Ë disk manager¡A
	    ¥u­n½T©w FreeBSD ªº±Ò°Ê¤À³Î°Ï¸ò¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Îªº slice ³£¦ì©ó¶}©lªº 1024 cylinders
	    ¤º´N¥i¥H¤F¡C¦pªG§A¬Û·í¦a°ª©úªº¸Ü¡A¤@­Ó 20MB ªº±Ò°Ê¤À³Î°ÏÀ³¸Ó´N°÷¥Î¤F¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="missing-os">
          <para>FreeBSD ¦w¸Ë§¹²¦«á­«¶}¾÷¡A¦ý¬O¹q¸£«o»¡ <errorname>Missing Operating
            System</errorname>³o¬O«ç»ò¤F¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³q±`­ì¦]¥X¦b FreeBSD ¤Î DOS ©Î¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Î¦bµwºÐªº <link
	    linkend="geometry">³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)</link>¤Wªº³W¹º¦³¬Û½Ä¡C¸Ñªk¬O­«¸Ë¡A¦ý¬O½Ð·Ó
	    ¤W­zªº¬ÛÃö³¹¸`¨BÆJ¨Ó°µ¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="stop-at-boot-manager">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò¾÷¾¹¤W¦h­«¶}¾÷ºÞ²z­û(boot manager)¥X²{¤F <prompt>F?</prompt> ³o­Ó¿ï³æµe­±¡A
	        ¦ý«o¤£·|¦Û°Ê¸õ¹L¦ÓÄ~Äò¶}¾÷©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o­Ó¯gª¬¬O¥»¤å¤W­±©Ò´£ªº¥t¥~¤@­Ó°ÝÃD¤F¡A­ì¦]¦b©ó BIOS ¤W¸ò FreeBSD
	    ¤W­±¨âÃ䪺µwºÐªº <link linkend="geometry">³]©w°Ñ¼Æ(geometry)</link> ¨Ã¤£¤@­P¡C
            ­Y§AµwºÐ©Î BIOS ¤ä´© cylinder translation
	    (³q±`·|³Q¼Ð¬° <quote>support &gt;1GB(¤ä´© 1 GB¥H¤W®e¶q)</quote>ªº¸Ü¡A
	    ¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý§ó§ï¬ÛÃö³]©w¡A¨Ã­«¸Ë FreeBSD¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="need-complete-sources">
          <para>¦w¸Ë FreeBSD ®É¡A»Ý­n¦w¸Ë§¹¾ãªº sources ¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A³o¬O¥Î¤£µÛªº¡CµM¦Ó¡A§Ú­Ì±j¯P«Øij±zªº source ¦Ü¤Ö­n¸Ë
	    <literal>base</literal>(¥]§t¤F¥»¤å¤¤©Ò´£ªº¤@¨ÇÀÉ®×)¡B¥H¤Î
	    <literal>sys</literal> (kernel ªº source ÀÉ)¡C
            ÁöµM¡A§@·~¨t²Î¥»¨­¹B¬O¤£»Ý­n¸Ë source ÀÉ¡A¦ý¬O &man.config.8; ³o­Ó kernel³]©wµ{¦¡«h»Ý­n src ¡C
	    ­Y¨S¸Ë kernel ªº source ÀÉ¡A¤´µM¥i¥H¥Î¨ä¥L¦a¤è³z¹L NFS ±¾¸üªº°ßŪÀɮרt²Î¡A
	    ¨Ó½sĶµ{¦¡¡C
            ¦ý¥Ñ©ó kernel-source ¥»¨­ªº­­¨î¡A§Ú­Ì«Øij¤£­nª½±µ mount ¦b <filename>/usr/src</filename>¡A
	    ³Ì¦n¬O¥Î symbolic link(°Ñ¾\ &man.ln.1;) ±N±¾¸üªº¸ô®|¡A³]©w³sµ²¨ì<filename>/usr/src</filename>
	    ¥Ø¿ý¡C</para>

          <para>¦b¾÷¾¹¤Wª½±µ¸Ë¦³ source ¨Ã¥BÁA¸Ñ¬ÛÃö½sĶ¹Lµ{¡A³o¼Ë¤l¤é«á¤É¯Å
	    FreeBSD ·|¨Ó±o¤è«K¦h¡C</para>

          <para>­Y§Ñ¤F¸Ë¬ÛÃö source ªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H¨Æ«á¥Î <command>sysinstalll</command>
	    (&os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>) ¨Ó¸É¸Ë¡A¿ï³æ¡GConfigure ¡÷ Distributions ¡÷ src¡C
	    </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="need-kernel">
          <para>»Ý­n­«·s build kernel ¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦b«Ü¤[«Ü¤[¥H«e¡A­ì¥»­«·s build kernel ¦b FreeBSD ¦w¸Ë¹Lµ{¤¤¡A
	    ¬Oµ´¹ï¥²»Ýªº¨BÆJ¤§¤@¡C¦ý¥Ø«e¦­´N¤£¥Î³o»ò³Â·Ð¤F¡A
	    ¥Ø«e¥D­n±`¨£ªºª©¥»³£¨Ï¥Î§ó¤Íµ½ªº kernel ³]©w«ü¥O¡C
	    &os; 4.X(§t¤§«eª©¥»)¡A¦b FreeBSD ±Ò°Ê´£¥Ü¸¹(boot:)®É¡A¨Ï¥Î <option>"-c"</option> flag
	    ´N·|¶i¤J³]©wµe­±¡A¨Ó¹ï kernel §@±`¨£ªº ISA ¥d²Ó¸`³]©w¡C
	    ¦Ó &os; 5.X(§t¤§«áª©¥»)ªº¸Ü¡A«h¬O¥H§ó¨ã¼u©Êªº "hints" ³]©w¤è¦¡¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG·Q§ó¸`¬Ù RAM ªº¨Ï¥Î¡BÁYµu¶}¾÷¬yµ{¡A¨º»ò«Øij¡G·sªº kernel ³]©wÀÉ¥u­n¥]§t§A»Ý­nªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A
	    µM«á­«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë kernel ¨Ã­«¶}¾÷¡CµM¦Ó©O¡A³oÂI¹ï¤j¦h¼Æªº¨t²Î¨Ó»¡¡A
	    ³o¤£¤@©w¬O¥²­nªº¡C</para>

        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="password-encryption">
          <para>±K½X½s½X¸Ó±Ä¥Î DES¡BBlowfish ©Î MD5 ªº­þ¤@ºØ¡H¸Ó«ç»ò³]©w©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FreeBSD ¹w³]ªº±K½X½s½X¤è¦¡¬O±Ä <emphasis>MD5</emphasis>¡C
	    ´N±K½X½s½X¤è¦¡¦Ó¨¥¡AMD5 ¤è¦¡¤@¯ë³Qµø¬°¤ñ¶Ç²Î &unix; ªº <emphasis>DES</emphasis> ¤è¦¡¸û¬°¦w¥þ¡C
            µM¦Ó¡A­Y¦³»Ý­n¦b¨Ï¥ÎÂÂÀô¹Ò(¸û¤£¦w¥þªº±K½X½s½X¤è¦¡ªº)¡ADES ±K½X½s½X¤è¦¡¤@¼Ë¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡C
	    (­Y¨Ï¥Î sysinstall ®É¦³¿ï¾Ü <quote>crypto</quote> ®M¥ó¡A©Î¬O±q source ¤º½sĶ¦w¸Ë)
            ¦³¸Ë crypto ªº¸Ü¡Acrypto libraries ¤]¤ä´©§ó¦w¥þªº Blowfish ½s½X¤è¦¡¡C</para>

	  <para>±K½X½s½Xªº¤è¦¡¬O¥Ñ <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename> ¤ºªº
	    <quote>passwd_format</quote> Äæ¦ì¨Ó¨M©wªº¡C¸ÓÄæ³]©w­È¡A(­Y¦³¸Ë crypto ªº¸Ü)¥i¥H¬O
	    <quote>des</quote> ©Î <quote>blf</quote> ©Î¬O­ì¥»ªº <quote>md5</quote>¡C
            ¸Ô±¡½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.login.conf.5; »¡©ú¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="boot-floppy-hangs">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò¶}¾÷ºÏ¤ù¶}¨ì¤@¥b¡A´N¥X²{
            <literal>Probing Devices...</literal> ªºµe­±°T®§¡AµM«á´N°±¦í¤F¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

          <para>­Y¾÷¾¹¤W¦³¸Ë IDE ¤¶­±ªº Iomega &iomegazip; ©Î¬O &jaz; ªº¸Ü¡A
	    ¦]¬°³o¨Ç³]³Æ¥i¯à¸ò¶}¾÷¤ù¦³¬Û½Ä¡A½Ð¥ý®³±¼³o¨Ç³]³Æ¦A­«¸Õ¡C
	    ·í¾ã­Ó§@·~¨t²Î¸Ë¦n«á¡A´N¥i¥H§â³o¨Ç³]³Æ±µ¦^¥h¨Ï¥Î¤F¡C
	    §Æ±æ³oÂI¦b¤é«á release ªº FreeBSD ¥i¥HÀò±o¹ý©³¸Ñ¨M¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="panic-on-install-reboot">
          <para>¨t²Î¸Ë§¹¨Ã­«¶}¾÷«á¡A¬°¤°»ò«o¥X²{ <errorname>panic: can't mount root</errorname>¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o­Ó¿ù»~¬O¦]¬°±Ò°ÊºÏ°Ï¸ò kernel ¨âªÌ¹ïºÏºÐ¸Ë¸mªº»{ª¾¤£¬Û¦P¡C
	    ³q±`³o°ÝÃD·|µo¥Í¦b¦³¨âÁû IDE µwºÐªº¨t²Î¡A¤ñ¦p¡GµwºÐ Jumper ³]©w¬° Master¡B
	    ©Î¬O¨â±ø IDE ±Æ½u¦U¥u³s±µ¤@ÁûµwºÐ¡A¦ý¬O¸Ë FreeBSD ¨ºÁû¶}¾÷µwºÐ¡A
	    «o±µ¦b Secondary IDE ±Æ½u¤W¡C
	    ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¡A¦b¶}¾÷®É·í kernel «ü©w²Ä¤G­Ó IDE ±±¨î¾¹ªº²Ä¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¾÷ ad2¡A
	    ±Ò°ÊºÏ°Ï«o»{¬°¨t²Î¬O¸Ë¦b ad0(BIOS°»´úªº²Ä¤GÁûµwºÐ)¡I
	    °»´ú§¹¸Ë¸m«á¡Akernel ¸ÕµÛ§â±Ò°ÊºÏ°Ï©Ò»{¬°ªº¶}¾÷µwºÐ(ad0) mount
	    °_¨Ó¡A¨Æ¹ê¤WÀ³¸Ó¬O ad2 ¤~¹ï¡A©Ò¥H´N·|¥X²{¤W­±ªº¿ù»~°T®§¤F¡C</para>

          <para>¸Ñªk¦p¤U¡A½Ð¿ï¾Ü¨ä¤¤¤@ºØ¤è¦¡´N¦n¡G</para>

            <orderedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>­«¶}¾÷¨Ã¦b¥X²{¡y<literal>Booting kernel in 10 seconds; hit [Enter] to interrupt</literal>¡z
		  ´£¥Üªº®É­Ô¡A«ö¤U <keycap>Enter</keycap>Áä¡C
	          ³o¼Ë¤l´N·|¶i¤J boot loader µe­±¡G</para>

                <para>½Ð¿é¤J
                  <literal>
                  set
                  root_disk_unit="<replaceable>disk_number</replaceable>"
                  </literal> ³o¸Ìªº¡y<replaceable>disk_number</replaceable>¡z½Ð¨Ì¾Ú±¡ªp´«¦¨¬ÛÃö¥N¸¹¡G
		  ­Y FreeBSD µwºÐ¬O³]©w¸Ë¦b Primary IDE ±µ½uªº Master¡A´N³]¬° 0 ¡F
	          ­Y¬O Primary IDE ±µ½uªº Slave¡A´N³]¬° 1¡F
	          ­Y¬O Secondary IDE ±µ½uªº Master¡A´N³]¬° 2¡F
	          ­Y¬O Secondary IDE ±µ½uªº Slave¡A´N³]¬° 3¡C</para>

                <para>±µµÛ½Ð¦A¿é¤J <literal>boot</literal>¡AµM«á¨t²ÎÀ³¸Ó´N¥i¥H¥¿±`¶}¾÷¤F¡C</para>

                <para>­Y­n¨C¦¸¶}¾÷³£¦Û°Ê³]©w¡A¦Ó¤£¥²¨C¦¸³£¥´¤@¦¸¡A¨º»ò´N¦b <filename>/boot/loader.conf.local</filename>
	          Àɮפº¥[¤W <literal>root_disk_unit="<replaceable>disk_number</replaceable>"</literal>
	          ³o¦æ
		  (·íµM¡A¡y<replaceable>disk_number</replaceable>¡z­n§ï¦¨¬ÛÃö¥N¸¹)</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>§â FreeBSD µwºÐ§ï±µ¨ì Primary IDE ±µ½u¤W¡A¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó´N¥i¶¶§Q¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
              </listitem>
            </orderedlist>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="memory-limits">
          <para>°O¾ÐÅé³Ì¤j­­¨î¬°¦h¤Ö¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¤@¯ë &i386; ¾÷¾¹¤W³Ì¦h¥i¤ä´©¨ì 4 GB(gigabytes)¡C
            ¦Ó¦Û &os; 4.9 ¤Î 5.1 ¥i¥H¶}©l¨Ï¥Î &man.pae.4; ¨Ó¤ä´©§ó¦hªº°O¾ÐÅé¡C
            ¦³Ãö³oÂI¡A»Ý­n¦b kernel ³]©wÀɤº¥[¤J¤U¦C¤º®e¨Ã­«·s½sĶ kernel¡A¤~¯à¨Ï¥Î PAE¡C</para>

            <programlisting>options       PAE</programlisting>

          <para>&os; ¦b pc98 ¾÷¾¹¤W³Ì¦h«h¥u¤ä´© 4 GB ¡A¦Ó¥B¤£¯à¨Ï¥Î PAE¡C
            ¦b Alpha ¾÷¾¹¤W¡A°O¾ÐÅé­­¨î¤è­±­nµø©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº«¬¸¹¤ä´©µ{«×¦Ó©w¡A³oÂI½Ð°Ñ¾\
	    ©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº Alpha µwÅé³W®æªí¡C¦Ü©ó¨ä¥L¬[ºcªº &os; ²z½×¤W³Ì¦h¥i¨Ï¥Îªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A¦³¸û¦hªº­­¨î¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ffs-limits">
          <para>Àɮרt²Î³Ì¤j­­¨î¬°¦h¤Ö¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>´NÀɮרt²Î¤è­±¡A²z½×¤Wªº­­¨î¬O³Ì¦h¨ì 8TB(2G blocks)¡A
	    ©Î¬O¨Ï¥Î¤º©w 8K block ¤j¤p®É¡A­­¨î¬O 16TB¡C
	    ¹ê»Ú¤W¡A¥Ø«e³nÅé¨Ï¥Î¤W­­¨î¥u¯à¥Î¨ì 1 TB¡A
	    µM¦Ó¦pªG¬O¦³¥t¦æ§ï³y¹LÀɮרt²Î¡A¨º»ò¹F¨ì 4TB ªº¥Ø¼Ð¬O¥i¦æªº
	    (¤]¦³¤H¦¨¥\¹L)¡C</para>

          <para>³æ¤@Àɮתº¤j¤p¤è­±¡A°²¦p block ¥H 4K §@³W¹ºªº¸Ü¡A
	    «h³Ì¤j¬OÁͪñ 1G blocks(4TB)¡C</para>

          <table>
            <title>Àɮפj¤pªº³Ì¤j­­¨î</title>

            <tgroup cols="3">
              <thead>
                <row>
                  <entry>Àɮרt²Î block ¤j¤p</entry>

                  <entry>works</entry>

                  <entry>should work</entry>
                </row>
              </thead>

              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>4K</entry>

                  <entry>4T-1</entry>

                  <entry>&gt;4T</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>8K</entry>

                  <entry>&gt;32G</entry>

                  <entry>32T-1</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>16K</entry>

                  <entry>&gt;128G</entry>

                  <entry>32T-1</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>32K</entry>

                  <entry>&gt;512G</entry>

                  <entry>64T-1</entry>
                </row>

                <row>
                  <entry>64K</entry>

                  <entry>&gt;2048G</entry>

                  <entry>128T-1</entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </table>

          <para>When the fs block size is 4K, triple indirect blocks work
            and everything should be limited by the maximum fs block number
            that can be represented using triple indirect blocks (approx.
            1K^3 + 1K^2 + 1K), but everything is limited by a (wrong) limit
            of 1G-1 on fs block numbers. The limit on fs block numbers
            should be 2G-1. There are some bugs for fs block numbers near
            2G-1, but such block numbers are unreachable when the fs block
            size is 4K.</para>

          <para>block ¤j¤p¦pªG¬O 8K ©Î§ó¤j¡AÀɮרt²Î block ¼Æ¥Ø·|³Q­­¨î¦b 2G-1
	    ¡A¦ý¹ê»Ú¤WÀ³¸Ó»¡­­¨î¬O 1G-1 ¤~¹ï¡A¦]¬°±Ä¥Î 2G-1 block ªºÀɮרt²Î·|¾É­P¤@¨Ç°ÝÃD¡C
	    </para>

        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="archsw-readin-failed-error">
          <para>¬°¦ó¦b±Ò°Ê·sªº kernel ®É¡A¬Ý¨ì
	    <errorname>archsw.readin.failed</errorname> ¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>­ì¦]¥X¦b§Aªº world ¥H¤Î kernel ¨Ã¤£¦P¨B¡AÁ|¨Ò¡Gkernel ¥Î 4.11¡A
	    ¦Ó world «o¬O 4.8¡A³o¼Ë¬O·|¦³°ÝÃDªº¡C
	    ½Ð¦A¦¸½T»{¡A¬O§_¦³¥H <command>make buildworld</command> ¤Î
	    <command>make buildkernel</command> ¨Ó¥¿±`§ó·s kernel¡C</para>

	  <para>¦b±Ò°Ê loader ¤§«e¡A·|¬Ý¨ì "|" ³o­Ó²Å¸¹¦bÂà°Ê¡A³o®É¥i¥H«ö¥ô¦óÁ䤤Â_¡A
	    µM«á¦A«ü©w­n¸ü¤J­þ­Ó kernel ¨Ó¶}¾÷¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="security-profiles">
          <para><quote>security profiles</quote> ¬O«ü¤°»ò¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>A <quote>security profile</quote> is a set of configuration
            options that attempts to achieve the desired ratio of security
            to convenience by enabling and disabling certain programs and
            other settings.  For full details, see the <ulink
            url="&url.books.handbook;/install-post.html#SECURITYPROFILE">Security
            Profile</ulink> section of the Handbook's <ulink
            url="&url.books.handbook;/install-post.html">post-install
            chapter</ulink>.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question id="boot-acpi">
	  <para>¦b¶}¾÷®É¡A¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Î ACPI «h¦b¦w¸Ë¹Lµ{´N±¾¤F¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¸Õ¸Õ¬ÝÃö³¬ ACPI support¡C ·í¦b¸ü¤J bootloader®É¡A«ö¤UªÅ¥ÕÁä¡C
	    ¨t²Î·|Åã¥Ü <screen>OK</screen> ³o®É¿é¤J
	    <screen><userinput>unset acpi_load</userinput></screen> ±µµÛ¥´
	    <screen><userinput>boot</userinput></screen>
	    ¥HÄ~Äò¶}¾÷¡A³o¼Ë¤lÀ³¸Ó´N¥i¥H¤F¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

    </qandaset>
  </chapter>

  <chapter
    id="hardware">
    <title>µwÅé¤ä´©¤è­±</title>

      <sect1 id="compatibility-general">
	<title>¤@¯ë°ÝÃD</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="which-hardware-to-get">
          <para>§Ú·Q²Õ¸Ë¦Û¤vªº FreeBSD ¾÷¾¹¡A¦³­þ¨Ç«¬¸¹¡B«~µP¡B³W®æ¬O¤ä´©µ{«×³Ì¦nªº©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦³Ãö³oÂI¡A¦b FreeBSD °Q½×°Ï¤W®É±`¦³¤H°Q½×¡CÁöµMµwÅé¨O´«³t«×«Ü§Ö¡A
	    ¥i¯àÀH®É¦³·s³W®æ¡B·s²£«~¥X²{¡AµM¦Ó³o¨Ç³£¦b§Ú­Ì·N®Æ¤§¤¤¡A
	    §Ú­Ì <emphasis>¤´µM</emphasis> ±j¯P«Øij¡G¦b¸ß°Ý¦³Ãö³Ì·s³W®æµwÅ骺¤ä´©°ÝÃD¤§«e¡A
	    ½Ð¥ý°Ñ¾\ &os;
	    <ulink url="&rel.current.hardware;">&rel.current;</ulink>
	    ©Î
	    <ulink url="&rel2.current.hardware;">&rel2.current;</ulink>ªº¤ä´©µwÅé¦Cªí¡A
	    ©Î¬O·j´M<ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/#mailinglists">°Q½×°ÏªºÂ¤峹</ulink>¡A
            ¤]³\¡A¤W¶g¤~­è«ê¥©¦³¤H°Q½×¹L§A©Ò­n°ÝªºµwÅé¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG­n§ä¦³Ãöµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤è­±¡A½Ð¨ì FreeBSD-mobile µ§°O«¬¹q¸£°Q½×°Ï¡C
            ¤£µM¡A´N¨ì FreeBSD-questions °Q½×°Ï¡A©Î¬O¯S©wµwÅé³W®æ(¤ñ¦p pc98, Alpha)ªº±MÄÝ°Q½×°Ï§a¡C
            </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

    </qandaset>
      </sect1>

      <sect1 id="compatibility-processors">
	<title>µwÅé¬[ºc¤Î CPU</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="architectures">
          <para>FreeBSD ¦³¤ä´© x86 ¤§¥~ªºµwÅé¬[ºc¥­¥x¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

          <para>¦³ªº¡AFreeBSD ¥Ø«e¥i¥H¦b Intel x86 and DEC
            (²{¦bªº HP-Compaq) Alpha ¬[ºc¤W­±¹B§@¡C¦Û FreeBSD 5.0 ¤§«áªºª©¥»¡A«h
            ¥i¤ä´© AMD64 ¤Î Intel EM64T, IA-64 ¥H¤Î &sparc64; ¬[ºc¡C
            ¥¼¨Ó¥­¥x¤ä´©¤WÁÙ·|¦³ &mips; ¤Î
            &powerpc;¡A²Ó¸`½Ð¤À§O°Ñ¾\ &a.mips; ©Î &a.ppc;¡C
            ¤@¯ë¦Ó¨¥¡A·sªºµwÅé¬[ºc¥­¥x¤è­±¡A³£¬O¨ì &a.platforms; °Q½×¡C</para>

          <para>­Y§A¾÷¾¹¤£¬O¥H¤W¬[ºc©Î¬O¤ñ¸û©_¯Sªº¡A¦Ó·Q¥ß¨è¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý BSD ªºÅ]¤O¡A
	    §Ú­Ì«Øij§A¥i¥H¦Ò¼{¨Ï¥Î <ulink
            url="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</ulink> ©Î <ulink
            url="http://www.openbsd.org/">OpenBSD</ulink>¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="smp-support">
          <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© CPU ¹ïºÙ¦h¤u³B²z(SMP, Symmetric Multiprocessing)¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦³ªº¡C SMP ¦b &os; 5.2 ¹w³]ªº kernel(<emphasis>GENERIC</emphasis>)¤w¦³±Ò°Ê¡C
	    </para>

          <para>¦b &os; 5.3 ­n release ®É¡ASMP¬ÛÃö³]©w¤]¬O¹w³]´N¦³±Ò°Ê¡C
	    µM¦Ó¡A¦b¤@¨Ç¸û·s«¬ªº¾÷¾¹(¹³¬O emt64)¤W«o¤S¦³¨Ç°ÝÃD¡A
	    ©Ò¥HÁÙ¬O¨M©w¦b¬ÛÃö°ÝÃD¡B¦w¥þijÃD¥¼Àò¸Ñ¨M«e¡A¥ýÃö³¬ SMP ªº¬ÛÃö±Ò°Ê¡C
	    ³oÂI¡A¥¿¬O &os; 5.4 ©ÒÀu¥ý¦Ò¼{ªº¤è¦V¡C</para>

          <para>&os; 4.X ªº¸Ü¡A¹w³]ªº kernel ¨Ã¨S¦³±Ò°Ê SMP¡A
            ¦]¦¹¡A¥²¶·­n§â options SMP ¥[¤J kernel ³]©wÀɨí«·s½sĶ¤~¯à±Ò°Ê¡C
	    ¦Ü©óÁÙ¦³­þ¨Ç¬ÛÃö³]©w­n©ñ¤J kernel ³]©wÀÉ¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\<filename>/sys/i386/conf/LINT</filename>¡C
	   </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
        </qandaset>
      </sect1>

      <sect1 id="compatibility-drives">
	<title>µwºÐ¡BºÏ±a¾÷¥H¤Î¥úºÐ¡BDVD¡B¿N¿ý¾÷</title>

	<qandaset>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="supported-hard-drives">
          <para>FreeBSD ¥i¤ä´©­þ¨ÇºØÃþªºµwºÐ©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FreeBSD ³£¤ä´© EIDE ¤Î SCSI ¤¶­±ªºµwºÐ(¥H¤Î SCSI ¥d¡A½Ð¬Ý¤U¤@¸`»¡©ú)
            ¥H¤Î <quote>Western Digital</quote> ¤¶­±ªºµwºÐ (MFM¡B RLL¡B
            ESDI¡A·íµM¥]§t IDE)¡A¤£¹L¦³¤@¨Ç¤Ö¼Æªº ESDI ´¹¤ù²Õªº(«¬¸¹¡GWD1002/3/6/7)
	    ¥i¯àµLªk¥¿±`¹B§@¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="supported-scsi-controllers">
          <para>¤ä´©­þ¨Ç SCSI ¥d¡B³]³Æ©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>½Ð°Ñ¾\ &os; ªºµwÅé¤ä´©ªí(
	    <ulink url="&rel.current.hardware;">&rel.current;</ulink> ©Î
	    <ulink url="&rel2.current.hardware;">&rel2.current;</ulink>)</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="tape-support">
          <para>¤ä´©­þ¨ÇºÏ±a¾÷©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

          <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© SCSI ¤Î QIC-36 (QIC-02 ¤¶­±) ³W®æªººÏ±a¾÷¡C
            ¦P®É¥]§t¤F 8-mm (¤]´N¬O Exabyte) ¤Î DAT ºÏ±a¾÷¡C</para>

          <para>¦³¨Ç¦­´Áª©¥»ªº 8-mm ºÏ±a¾÷¨Ã¤£¬O§¹¥þ¬Û®e©ó SCSI-2 ³W®æ¡A
	    ©Ò¥H¥i¯à¦b FreeBSD ¤Wªí²{¤£¬O«Ü¦n¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="tape-changer-support">
          <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©ºÏ±a¦Û°Ê´«±a¾÷¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FreeBSD ¥i¥H¥Î &man.ch.4; ¤W­±©Ò¦Cªº¾÷ºØ¡A·f°t &man.chio.1; «ü¥O¡A
	    ¨Ó¨Ï¥Î SCSI ºØÃþªº¦Û°Ê´«±a¾÷¡A²Ó¸`³¡¤À½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.chio.1; »¡©ú¡C</para>

          <para>If you are not using <application>AMANDA</application>
            or some other product that already understands changers,
            remember that they only know how to move a tape from one
            point to another, so you need to keep track of which slot a
            tape is in, and which slot the tape currently in the drive
            needs to go back to.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="supported-cdrom-drives">
          <para>FreeBSD ¥i¤ä´©­þ¨ÇºØÃþªº¥úºÐ¾÷©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥u­n¬O¦³¤ä´©ªº SCSI ¥d¤W©Ò±µªº¥ô¤@  SCSI ¥úºÐ¾÷³£¦³¤ä´©¡C</para>

          <para>¦¹¥~¡A¤]¤ä´©¤U¦Cªº¥úºÐ¾÷¡G</para>

            <itemizedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>Mitsumi LU002 (8bit), LU005 (16bit) ¤Î FX001D
                  (16bit 2x Speed)</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>Sony CDU 31/33A</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>Sound Blaster «D SCSI ¤¶­±ªº¥úºÐ¾÷</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>Matsushita/Panasonic ¥úºÐ¾÷</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>¬Û®e ATAPI ³W®æªº IDE CDROMs</para>
              </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>

          <para>¬Û¹ï©ó SCSI ¾÷ºØ¦Ó¨¥¡A¨ä¥L«D SCSI ªº¥úºÐ¾÷³£¬O¤ñ¸ûºC¡A
	    ¦¹¥~¡A¦³¨Ç ATAPI ºØÃþªº¥úºÐ¾÷¥i¯àµLªk¶¶§Q¹B§@</para>

          <para>Daemon News ¥H¤Î FreeBSD Mall ©Òµo¦æªº¥¿¦¡ FreeBSD ¥úºÐ¥H¤Î¿N¿ý¥Îªº¼v¹³ÀÉ(ISO)¡A
	    ³£¥i¥Hª½±µ¥Î©ó¶}¾÷¥úºÐ¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="supported-cdrw-drives">
          <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©­þ¨Ç¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾÷ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡©O¡H</para>
        </question>

	<answer>
	  <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©¥ô¦ó¬Û®e ATAPI ¼Ð·Çªº IDE CD-R ©Î CD-RW ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾÷¡A
	    ²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.burncd.8; »¡©ú¡C</para>

	  <para>FreeBSD ¤]¤ä´©¥ô¦ó SCSI CD-R ©Î CD-RW ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾÷¡C
	    ½Ð¥Î port ©Î packag ¾÷¨î¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡B¨Ï¥Î <command>cdrecord</command> ¡A
	    ¨Ã½T©w±zªº kernel ¤º¦³±N <devicename>pass</devicename>³]³Æ¤@¨Ö½sĶ¦b¤º¡C
	    (¹w³]ªº kernel.GENERIC ³£·|¦³ device pass ³o¬q)</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="zip-support">
          <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© Iomega &iomegazip; ¶Ü?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©¥~±µ¦¡ªº SCSI ¤Î ATAPI(IDE) ¤¶­±ªº Iomega &iomegazip;¡C
	    ¤£¹L SCSI ZIP ¥u¯à³Q³]¬° SCSI ID 5 ©Î¬O 6 ¤~¥i¥H¹B§@¡A¦ý¦pªG
	    SCSI ¥d¤Wªº BIOS ¤ä´©¥¦¡A§A¬Æ¦Ü¥i¥H¥Î¥¦¨Ó¶}¾÷¡C
	    §Ú­Ì¤£¾å±o­þ¤@¶ô¥d¥i¥H§â¥dªº ID ³]¦b°£¤F 0 ©Î 1 ¥H¥~ªº¦a¤è¦Ó¶}¾÷¦¨¥\¡A
	    ¦]¦¹¡A¦pªG·Q§ï SCSI ID ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°È¥²°Ñ¾\¸Ó«¬¸¹ªº»¡©ú¤â¥U¡C</para>

          <para>FreeBSD ¦P®É¤]¤ä´© Parallel Port ZipºÏºÐ¾÷¡C½ÐÀˬd kernel
	    ³]©wÀɬO§_¦³¡G
            <devicename>scbus0</devicename>¡B
            <devicename>da0</devicename>¡B
            <devicename>ppbus0</devicename>¡A¥H¤Î
            <devicename>vp0</devicename> ³o¨ÇÅX°Êµ{¦¡ (¹w³]ªº GENERIC kernel
            °£¤F <devicename>vp0</devicename> ¨S¥]¶i¥h¡A¨ä¥L¤TªÌ³£·|¦³)¡C
	    ¥[¤F³o´X­ÓÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤§«á¡AParallel Port Zip ´N·|¦¨¬°
	    <devicename>/dev/da0s4</devicename>¡C</para>

	  <para>³o®É¡A´N¥i¥H¥Î¹³¬O <command>mount /dev/da0s4 /mnt</command> ©Î
	    (DOS Àɮרt²Î)<command>mount_msdos /dev/da0s4 /mnt</command>
	    ¤§Ãþªº«ü¥O¨Ó±¾¸ü¡BŪ¼g¡C</para>

          <para>¤]¥i¥H°Ñ¾\¤U­±¦³Ãö<link linkend="media-change">ÀH¨­ºÏ¤ù
            </link>³¡¤À¡A¥H¤Î<link
            linkend="removable-drives">©â¨úºÐ¡BÀH¨­ºÐªº¡y®æ¦¡¤Æ¡z°Q½×</link>
            ªº³¡¤À</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="jaz-zip-removable-support">
          <para>FreeBSD ¦³¤ä´© &jaz;¡BEZ ¤Î¨ä¥LÃþ¦üªºÀH¨­ºÏ¤ù¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥i¥H°Ú¡A°£¤F IDE ªº EZ drive ¥~¡A¨ä¥LªºÀ³¸Ó³£¬O SCSI ¤¶­±¡A
	    ©Ò¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤W³£·|¥H SCSI µwºÐ¨Ó³B²z¡C</para>

	  <para>·íµM¡A§A¥²¶·½T©w¦b¶}¾÷®É¡A³o¨Ç³]³Æªº¹q·½¬O¥´¶}ªº¡A
	    ¥H«KÅý FreeBSD ¥i¥H°»´ú¨ì¡C</para>

          <para><anchor id="media-change"/>¦pªG¦bºÏºÐ¹B¤¤ª¬ºA¤¤¡A­n§ó´«ºÏ¤ùªº¸Ü¡A
	    °O±o¥ý¬Ý¤@¤U &man.mount.8;¡B&man.umount.8;¡B
	    ¥H¤Î(SCSIªº¸Ü)&man.camcontrol.8; ©Î &man.atacontrol.8; ÁÙ¦³ FAQ «á­±¦³Ãö
	    <link linkend="removable-drives">¨Ï¥Î©â¨úºÐ¡BÀH¨­ºÐªº°Q½×
            </link>¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

	</qandaset>

      </sect1>

      <sect1 id="compatibility-kbd-mice">
	<title>Áä½L¡B·Æ¹«</title>

	<qandaset>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="usbkbd">
          <para>FreeBSD ¦³¤ä´© USB Áä½L¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FreeBSD (¤×¨ä¬O¦³¤ä´© USB keyboards¡C  Enable USB support in
            <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>

          <para>­Y¦³¶} USB Áä½L¤ä´©¦Ó¥B¦P®É±µ¤W AT ¸ò USB Áä½Lªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò AT Áä½L·|Åܦ¨
	    <devicename>/dev/kbd0</devicename>¡A¦Ó USB Áä½L«h¬O
	    <devicename>/dev/kbd1</devicename>¡C¦pªG¥u±µ USB Áä½L¡A¨º»ò¥¦´N¬O
	    <devicename>/dev/ukbd0</devicename> Åo¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG·Q¦b console ¤W¨Ï¥Î USB Áä½Lªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò¥²¶·³]©w console «ü©w¥Î USB Áä½L¡C
	    ¥i¥H¦b¨t²Î¶}¾÷µ{§Ç®É¡A¥[¤W¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kbdcontrol -k /dev/kbd1 &lt; /dev/ttyv0 &gt; /dev/null</userinput></screen>

          <para>ª`·N¡G­Y¥u¦³ USB Áä½Lªº¸Ü¡A¤]´N¬O <devicename>/dev/ukbd0</devicename>¡A
	    ¨º»ò½Ð§ï¥Î¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kbdcontrol -k /dev/ukbd0 &lt; /dev/ttyv0 &gt; /dev/null</userinput></screen>

          <para>«Øij¡G¥i¥H§â¤W­z«ü¥O©ñ¤J <filename>/etc/rc.i386</filename> ¡C</para>

          <para>³]©w¦¨¥\¤§«á¡AUSB Áä½L¤£¥Î§@¥ô¦ó¯S§O³]©w¡A´N¥i¥H¦b X µøµ¡Àô¹Ò¤W¥¿±`¹B§@Åo¡C</para>

          <para>USB Áä½Lªº¼ö´¡©Þ(Hot-plugging and unplugging)¦b &os; ¥i¯àÁÙµLªk§¹¥þ¥¿±`¹B§@¡A
	    «Øij¡G¦b¨t²Î¶}¾÷«e´N¥ý±µ¤WÁä½L¡Aª½¨ìÃö¾÷¬°¤î¡A¥HÁקK¤£¥²­nªº§xÂZ¡C</para>

          <para>¬ÛÃö²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.ukbd.4; ªº»¡©ú¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="busmouse">
          <para>¥j¦­ªº bus ·Æ¹«¡A­n«ç»ò³]©w©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©¤@¨Ç¼t°Ó(¹³¬O¡GMicrosoft¡BLogitech¡BATI)©Ò°µªº bus ¤Î InPort bus ¤¶­±ªº·Æ¹«¡C
            µM¦Ó¡A¹w³]ªº kernel(GENERIC)¤w¸g¤£¤º§t¥¦­ÌªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C
	    ¦]¦¹¡A­n¥[¤J¤U¦C¨ì kernel ³]©wÀɨí«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë¡A¤~¯à±Ò¥Î¡G</para>

          <programlisting>device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c irq5</programlisting>

          <para>Bus ·Æ¹«³q±`­n·f°t±M¥Îªº¤¶­±¥d¤~¯à¨Ï¥Î¡C
            ³o¨Ç¥d¥i¥H³]©w port address ¤Î IRQ ­È¡A³o¨Ç²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\§Aªº·Æ¹«»¡©ú¤â¥U¤Î
            &man.mse.4; »¡©ú¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ps2mouse">
          <para>PS/2 (<quote>mouse port</quote> ©Î
            <quote>keyboard</quote>)ªº·Æ¹«­n«ç»ò³]©w¤~¦n©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>PS/2 ·Æ¹«³£¦³¤ä´©¡A©Ò»Ý­n¥Î¨ìªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡ <devicename>psm</devicename>
	     ¦b¹w³]ªº kernel(GENERIC)¤w¦³¤º§t¤F¡C</para>

          <para>­Y§A¦Û­qªº kernel ¤ºº|¤F psm ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò´N¦A§â¤U¦C¤º®e¥[¨ì kernel
		³]©wÀɨí«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë¡G</para>

          <programlisting>device psm0 at atkbdc? irq 12</programlisting>

          <para>·í¶}¾÷®É kernel ¦³¥¿½T°»´ú¨ì <devicename>psm0</devicename>
            ¡A½Ð°È¥²½T»{¦b <filename>/dev</filename> ¤º¦³
            <devicename>psm0</devicename> ¡C
	    ¦pªG¨S¦³ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò´N¥Î <username>root</username> ¨Ó¥´¤U¦C«ü¥O¨Ó«Ø¥ß§a¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev; sh MAKEDEV psm0</userinput></screen>

          <note>
	    <para>¦pªG¬O &os; 5.0-RELEASE(§t¤§«áª©¥»)ªº¸Ü¡A¦]¬°±Ä¥Î &man.devfs.5; ¾÷¨îªº¦]¯À¡A
	      ©Ò¥H·|¦Û°Ê¦b <filename>/dev</filename> ¤U«Ø¥ß¬ÛÃö³]³Æªº¸`ÂI¡A¦]¦¹´N¥i¥H²¤¹L¤W­±³o¤@¨B¡C</para>
	  </note>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="moused">
          <para>¦pªG¤£¥Î X Window Àô¹Òªº¸Ü¡A¤]¥i¥H¥Î·Æ¹«¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>­Y¨Ï¥Î console ªº¹w³]ÅX°Êµ{¦¡(¤]´N¬O &man.syscons.4;)¡A
	    ¨º»ò´N¥i¥H¦b¤å¦r¤¶­±ªº console ¤W­±¥Î·Æ¹«¨Ó°Å¶K¤å¦r¤F¡C
	    ¨º»ò­n±Ò°Ê &man.moused.8; ¨Ã¶}±Ò´å¼ÐÅã¥Ü¡A
	    ½Ð¥´¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>moused -p /dev/<replaceable>xxxx</replaceable> -t <replaceable>yyyy</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>vidcontrol -m on</userinput></screen>

          <para>¨ä¤¤¡y<replaceable>xxxx</replaceable>¡z¬O·Æ¹«ªº³]³Æ¦WºÙ¡A¦Ó
            ¡y<replaceable>yyyy</replaceable>¡z«h¬O·Æ¹«©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº protocol ºØÃþ¡C
            ¥Ø«eªº moused ¥i¥H¦Û°Ê°»´ú(°£¤F¦¡ªº serial
	    ·Æ¹«¤§¥~)¤j¦h¼Æ·Æ¹«©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº protocol ºØÃþ¡A¦Ó¤£¥Î¨è·N¥h«ü©w¡C
            ¡yprotocol ºØÃþ¡z³]©w¥Î
            <literal>auto</literal> ´N·|¦Û°Ê°»´ú¤F¡C­Y¦Û°Ê°»´ú¥¢±Ñªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.moused.8;
	    ¸Ì­±ªº type ¨º¬q»¡©ú¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG¥Îªº¬O PS/2 ·Æ¹«¡A¥u­n§â
            <literal>moused_enable="YES"</literal> ¥[¨ì
            <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¡A³o¼Ë¨C¦¸¶}¾÷´N·|¦Û°Ê±Ò°Ê¤F¡C
            ¦¹¥~¡A¦pªG­n¦b©Ò¦³ virtual terminals ¤W¤]¯à¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡A
	    ¦Ó¤£­­©w¥u¦³ console ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò½Ð¦A§â
            <literal>allscreens_flags="-m on"</literal> ¥[¨ì <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¸Ì­±§Y¥i¡C</para>

          <para>moused ¦b°õ¦æ¤¤ªº®É­Ô¡A¦pªG­n¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¬ÛÃö¥\¯à¡A³£¥²¶·³z¹L moused
	    ©Î¨ä¥Lµ{¦¡¹³¬O X µøµ¡¨Ó¶i¦æ¡C½Ð°Ñ¾\ FAQ ¤¤¦³Ãö<link
            linkend="x-and-moused">¡y¬°¤°»ò¤£¯à¦b X µøµ¡¸Ì¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡H¡z</link>¥HÁA¸Ñ¬ÛÃö²Ó¸`¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="text-mode-cut-paste">
          <para>¦b¤å¦r¼Ò¦¡ªº console Àô¹Ò­n«ç»ò¥Î·Æ¹«¨Ó°Å¶K¤å¦r©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>·í°õ¦æ moused «á¡A(°Ñ¾\<link linkend="moused">«e¤@¸`</link>)
	    «ö¦í¥ªÁä¡A±µµÛ²¾°Ê·Æ¹«¨Ó¿ï¾Ü¤@­Ó°Ï°ì¤§«á©ñ¶}¡A³o¼Ë´N§¹¦¨¡y½Æ»s¡z¡C
	    ­n¡y¶K¤W¡zªº¸Ü¡A«ö·Æ¹«¤¤Áä´N¥i¥H¤F¡C
	    ­n¡y©µ¦ù¿ï¨ú°Ï¡zªº¸Ü¡A«ö·Æ¹«¥kÁä</para>


	  <para>¦pªG§Aªº·Æ¹«¨S¦³¤¤Áä¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î¼ÒÀÀªº¤è¦¡¡A©Î¬O­«·s©w¸q·Æ¹««öÁ䪺¤è¦¡¡A
	    ¨Ó¹F¦¨¡u©µ¦ù¡vªº¥\¯à¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.moused.8; »¡©ú¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="mouse-wheel-buttons">
          <para>§Ú·Æ¹«¤W­±ªººu½ü¡Bºu½ü«ö¶s¡A¥i¥H¦b console ¤W¨Ï¥Î¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
	  <para>³o­Óµª®×¹À...¡A«Ü¤£©¯¦a¡A¦b¤j¦h¼Æªº±¡ªp¤U¤£¦æ¡C
	    ³o¨Ç¦³ºu½üªº·Æ¹«»Ý­n¥Î¯S®íÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤~¦æ¡A
	    °£«D¡A·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡©Î¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦Û¤vªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¦³¤ä´©¡A
	    ¤£µM¡A³o¨Ç·Æ¹«¥u¯à°÷·í¦¨¬O´¶³qªº¨âÁä©Î¤TÁ䪺·Æ¹«¨Ó¥Î¦Ó¤w¡C
            </para>

          <para>¦pªG­n¦b X µøµ¡Àô¹Ò¤W¨Ï¥Îºu½üªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\
            <link linkend="x-and-wheel"> X µøµ¡¤Wªººu½ü¨Ï¥Î
            </link>»¡©ú¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="laptop-mouse-trackball">
          <para>­n«ç»ò¦bµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤W¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡B­y¸ñ²y¡BIJ±±ªO©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>½Ð°Ñ¾\<link linkend="ps2mouse">«e­±ªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«ªº°Ýµª
            </link>¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

	</qandaset>

      </sect1>

      <sect1 id="compatibility-networking">
	<title>ºô¸ô¸ò serial ³]³Æ</title>

	<qandaset>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="network-cards">
          <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©­þ¨Çºô¸ô¥d©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &os; ¦Uª©¥»ªºµwÅé¤ä´©¦Cªí¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="internal-plugnplay-modem">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò FreeBSD §ä¤£¨ì PnP(ÀH´¡ÀH¥Î¡APlug &amp; Play)³W®æªº modem?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>­ì¦]¦b©ó¡G»Ý­n§â modem ªº PnP ID ¥[¨ì serial ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº PnP ID ªí¡A§@ªk¦p¤U¡G</para>
	    <orderedlist>
	      <listitem>
	        <para>­º¥ý¡A¦b kernel ³]©wÀɤº¥[¤J <literal>controller pnp0</literal>¡A
	           ¨Ã­«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë kernel¡A³Ì«á­«¶}¾÷´N·|±Ò°Ê PnP ¤ä´©¡C</para>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
	        <para>µM«á¡Akernel ·|§â°»´ú¨ì©Ò¦³³]³Æ¤Wªº PnP ID ³£¦C¥X¡C
	          ³o®É¡A­×§ï <filename>/usr/src/sys/isa/sio.c</filename>(¤j¬ù²Ä752¦æ¥ª¥kªº¦a¤è)¡A
	          ¥i¥H·j´M <literal>SUP1310</literal> ·íÃöÁä¦r(¦ì©ó <literal>sio_ids[]</literal> ªí¤º)¡A
	          ½Ð±N­è¤~ kernel Åã¥Üªº modem ªº PnP ID ½Æ»s¨ì¬ÛÃö¦ì¸m¡C</para>
	      </listitem>

	      <listitem>
	        <para>³o®É¡A¦A­«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë kernel¡A³Ì«á­«¶}¾÷À³¸Ó´N·|¥¿½T°»´ú¨ì modem ¤F¡C</para>
	      </listitem>
	    </orderedlist>

          <para>¦¹¥~¡A¤]¥i¥H¦b¶}¾÷®É¥H <literal>pnp</literal> «ü¥O¨Ó¤â°Ê³]©w PnP ³]³Æ¡A
	     ¨ÓÅý kernel ±o¥H¥¿½T°»´ú¡AÁ|¨Ò¡G</para>

          <programlisting>pnp 1 0 enable os irq0 3 drq0 0 port0 0x2f8</programlisting>

        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="support-winmodem">
          <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©¹³¬O Winmodems ¤§Ãþªº³nÅé modem ¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FreeBSD ¥i¥H¦w¸ËÃB¥~ªº³nÅé¨Ó¤ä´©³nÅé modem¡C
            ¹³¬O <filename role="package">comms/ltmdm</filename> ¥i¤ä´©±`¨£ªº Lucent LT ´¹¤ù¡A
	    <filename role="package">comms/mwavem</filename> «h¥i¤ä´© IBM Thinkpad 600 ¤Î 700
	    µ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤W­±ªº modem¡C</para>

          <para>µM¦Ó¡A¨Ã¤£¯à¥Î³nÅé modem ¨Ó¦w¸Ë FreeBSD¡A
	    ¦]¬°¡G³oÃþ³nÅ饲¶·¦b§@·~¨t²Î¦w¸Ë§¹²¦¤§«á¡A¤~¯à¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question id="support-broadcom">
	  <para>¦³ Broadcom 43xx µL½uºô¥dªº­ì¥ÍÅX°Êµ{¦¡(Native driver)¶Ü¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¨S¦³¡A¦Ó¥B¤]¤£¤Ó¥i¯à·|¦³¡C</para>

	  <para>Broadcom ©Úµ´¤½¶}¦³ÃöµL½uºô¥d´¹¤ùªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¬ÛÃö»¡©ú¡A
	    ¥D¦]¤j·§¬O¥L­Ì¥Î³nÅé¨Ó±±¨îµL½u¶Ç¿é¤è¦¡¡C
	    ¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦]¬°­n¯à³q¹L¬ü°êÁp¨¹¹q«H©e­û·|(FCC)À˺Ϧw³Wªº¸Ü¡A
	    ¥²¶·½T«O²£«~¤£¯àÅý¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤£¯àÀH·N§ó°Ê¬ÛÃö³]©w¡A¤ñ¦p¡G¹qºÏªiÀW²v¡B¬ÛÃö¼Ò²Õ°Ñ¼Æ¡B¿é¥X¹q·½µ¥¡C
	    ¦ý¬O¡A¦pªG§Ú­Ì¤£ª¾¹D¦p¦ó¥h±±¨î´¹¤ùªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò¼¶¼gÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤§¸ô®£©È¤£¤Ó¥i¦æ¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="multiport-serial-support">
          <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©­þ¨Ç multi-port serial¥d©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>½Ð°Ñ¾\¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤Wªº <ulink
	    url="&url.books.handbook;/install.html#INSTALL-MISC">¦w¸Ë½g¡X¨ä¥LµwÅé
            </ulink> ¦Cªí¡C</para>

          <para>ÁöµM¦³¨Ç¥d¬O¨SµPªº(¤×¨ä¬O¦³¼Ð©ú¡G¬Û®e AST ³W®æ)¦ý¤]¥i¥H¥¿±`¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>

          <para>¦Ü©ó¥dªº³]©w¤è­±¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.sio.4; ªº»¡©ú¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="serial-console-prompt">
          <para>¦b serial console ¤W­n¦p¦ó¤~·|¥X²{ boot: ´£¥Ü©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
            <orderedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>kernel ³]©wÀÉ¥[¤J
                  <literal>options COMCONSOLE</literal></para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>«Ø¥ß /boot.config ÀÉ¡A¨Ã¥B¸ÓÀɸ̭±¤º®e¥u¶ñ¤W <option>-P</option></para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>§âÁä½L±q¾÷¾¹¤W©Þ±¼</para>
              </listitem>
            </orderedlist>

          <para>²Ó¸`½Ð¬Ý
            <filename>/usr/src/sys/i386/boot/biosboot/README.serial</filename>
            </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

	</qandaset>

      </sect1>

      <sect1 id="compatibility-sound">
	<title>­µ®Ä¥d</title>

	<qandaset>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="sound-card-support">
          <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©­þ¨Ç­µ®Ä¥d¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>&os; ¤ä´©¦UºØ­µ®Ä¥d¡A¥]¬A¤F &soundblaster;¡B
	    &soundblaster; Pro¡B&soundblaster; 16¡BPro Audio Spectrum 16¡B
            AdLib¡B¤Î Gravis UltraSound sound cards (²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\
            <ulink url="&url.base;/releases/">&os; µo¦æ±¡³ø</ulink>
            ¥H¤Î &man.snd.4; ªº»¡©ú)¡C
            ¦¹¥~¡A¹ï MPU-401 ¤Î MIDI ¬Û®e³W®æªº¤]¦³¤@©wµ{«×ªº¤ä´©¡A¦Ó
            &microsoft; Sound System ³W®æ¤]¦³¤ä´©¡C</para>

            <note>
              <para>ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¶È¾A¥Î©ó¡y­µ®Ä¡z³¡¤À¡I °£¤F &soundblaster; ¤§¥~¡A
	        ¥Ø«e­µ®ÄÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨Ã¤£¤ä´©³o¨Ç­µ®Ä¥d¤Wªº¥úºÐ¾÷, SCSI³]³Æ©Î·n±ì¡C
	        &soundblaster; ªº SCSI ¤¶­±¤Î¬Y¨Ç«D SCSI ªº¥úºÐ¾÷¬O¦³¤ä´©¡A¦ýµLªk¥Î¨Ó¶}¾÷¡C
		</para>
             </note>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="es1370-silent-pcm">
          <para>&man.pcm.4; ©Ò¤ä´©ªº­µ®Ä¥d¨S¦³Án­µ¡A¦³¤°»ò¼È®É¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦]¬°¦³¨Ç¹³¬O es1370 ´¹¤ùªº­µ®Ä¥d·|¦b¨C¦¸¶}¾÷®É§â­µ¶q½Õ¬°¹s¡C
	    ¼È®É¸Ñªk¬O¦b¨C¦¸¶}¾÷®É°õ¦æ¤U­±«ü¥O¡A©Î¬O¥[¨ì /etc/rc.local ¤º¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mixer pcm 100 vol 100 cd 100</userinput></screen>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

	</qandaset>

      </sect1>

      <sect1 id="compatibility-other">
	<title>¨ä¥L©Ç²§°ÝÃD(ACPI¡B­«¶}¾÷«á±¾¤F..µ¥)</title>

	<qandaset>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="other-device-support">
          <para>FreeBSD Á٤䴩¨ä¥L­þ¨ÇµwÅé©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>½Ð°Ñ¾\¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤Wªº <ulink
	    url="&url.books.handbook;/install.html#INSTALL-MISC">¦w¸Ë½g¡X¨ä¥LµwÅé</ulink>
            ¡C</para>

        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="power-management-support">
          <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´©µ§°O«¬¹q¸£ªº¬Ù¹qºÞ²z¥\¯à¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FreeBSD 4.X(§t¤§«áª©¥»)¦b¬Y¨Ç¾÷ºØ¤W³£¦³¤ä´© <acronym>APM</acronym>¡C
            ²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.apm.4; ªº»¡©ú¡C</para>

	  <para>FreeBSD 5.X(§t¤§«áª©¥»)¤ä´©¦b¥Ø«e¤j³¡¤À¾÷ºØ¤W³£¦³ªº
	    <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ¥\¯à¡C
	    ²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.acpi.4; ªº»¡©ú¡C­Y¾÷¾¹¤W¦P®É³£¦³ <acronym>APM</acronym>
	    ¤Î <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ¥\¯àªº¸Ü¡A§Ú­Ì«Øij§A¥i¥H¨âªÌ³£¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¡A
	    ¬Ý¬Ý­þ¤@ºØ¤ñ¸û²Å¦X§Aªº»Ý¨D¡C</para>

        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="disable-acpi">
          <para>¸Ó¦p¦óÃö³¬ ACPI¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>§â <screen>hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</screen>
		³o¬q¥[¨ì <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> §Y¥i¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="micron-hang-boot">
          <para>Micron ¹q¸£Á`¬O¦b &os; ±Ò°Ê®É´N±¾±¼¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦³¨Ç Micron ¥D¾÷ªO¤Wªº BIOS ¦b PCI ¤è­±·|¦³°ÝÃD¡A
	    ³o·|¾É­P PCI ³]³Æ·|³Q BIOS °»´ú¬°¤£¥¿½T³]©w¡A¦Ó¶i¤J FreeBSD ´N±¾±¼¡C</para>

          <para>¼È®É¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¡GÃö³¬ BIOS ¤º <quote>Plug and Play Operating System</quote>
            ªº³]©w¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="micron-3comnic-failure">
          <para>&tm.3com; PCI ¤¶­±ºô¸ô¥dµLªk¦b Micron ¹q¸£¤W¨Ï¥Î¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o°ÝÃD¸ò«e­±ªº°ÝÃD¦]¯À¤@¼Ë¡AÁ`¤§¡A´N¬OÃö³¬ BIOS ¤¤¦³Ãö OS PnP ªº³]©w¡C</para>

          <para>¼È®É¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¡GÃö³¬ BIOS ¤º <quote>Plug and Play Operating System</quote>
            ªº³]©w¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="asusk7v-boot-failure">
          <para>¥D¾÷ªO¬O¥ÎµØºÓ(ASUS) K7V¡A¥i¬O¥Î¶}¾÷¤ù¶}¨ì¤@¥b´N·í¤F¡A«ç»ò¿ì©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¶i¤J BIOS ³]©w¡A¨ÃÃö³¬ <quote>boot virus protection</quote> ³]©w§Y¥i¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question id="newcard-does-not-work">
	  <para>PCMCIA ¥dµLªk¨Ï¥Î¡A¨Ã¥X²{¿ù»~°T®§
	    <quote>cbb0: unsupported card type detected.</quote>
	    ¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý§ï¥Îªº¤è¦¡¡A½Ð¥ý­×§ï kernel ³]©wÀÉ¡A®³±¼¤U­±³o´X¦æ¡G
	    <programlisting>device cbb
device pccard
device cardbus</programlisting>
	    µM«á¥[¤W¡G
	    <programlisting>device pcic
device card 1</programlisting>
	    ³Ì«á½Ð°Ñ¾\ Handbook ¤¤
	    <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/kernelconfig.html">½Õ¾ã FreeBSD Kernel</ulink>
	    ³¹¸`¡A¥H­«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë·sªº kernel¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="dell-poweredge-failure">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò &dell; &poweredge; 2850 ¸Ë§¹ FreeBSD ¤§«á¡A­«¶}¾÷±µµÛÁä½L´N±¾¤F¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>(¥»ÃD¥Ñ cdsheen ´£¨Ñ)À|¸Õ¦b &dell; &poweredge; 2850 ¤W­±¦w¸Ë &os; 6.0¡A
	    ¤£¹L¦w¸Ë§¹¦¨¡B¨Ã­«·s¶}¾÷¤§«á¡Aµo²{ console ªºÁä½L¤£¯à°Ê¤F¡A
	    ¦P¼Ëªº±¡ªp¦ü¥G¤]¦s¦b©ó &os; 5.3 ¤Î &os; 5.4¡A
	    ¸g¹L¤@µf·j´M¡Aµoı¬O¦]¬°³o¥x¾÷¾¹¤W­±¦³¤@­Ó <quote>Dell Remote Access Controller (DRAC)</quote>¡A
	    ³o­Ó¸Ë¸m·|³Q¨t²Î¿ëÃѦ¨¤@­Ó USB Keyboard¡A©Ò¥H¾É­P¶}§¹¾÷¤§«á¡A¥¿±`ªº PS/2 Áä½L¤Ï¦Ó¤£¯à°Ê¤F¡I</para>

	  <para>¼È®É¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¦p¤U¡G</para>

            <orderedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>¥ý¥H Single User Mode ¶i¤J¨t²Î</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>¦b©R¥O¦C¼Ò¦¡¤U¡A¥ý°õ¦æ¤U¦C©R¥O¡G</para>
		  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fsck -y <filename>/</filename></userinput></screen>
	          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -u <filename>/</filename></userinput></screen>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>µM«á½s¿è <filename>/etc/devd.conf</filename>¡A§â¹ï©ó USB Keyboard ªº¤ä´©¼È®É®³±¼¡A
	          ¤]´N¬O§â¤U­±´X¦æ¶}ÀY¥[¤W #</para>
	        <programlisting>
# When a USB keyboard arrives, attach it as the console keyboard.
#attach 100 {
#       device-name "ukbd0";
#       action "kbdcontrol -k /dev/ukbd0 &lt; /dev/console &amp;&amp; /etc/rc.d/syscons restart";
#};
#detach 100 {
#       device-name "ukbd0";
#       action "kbdcontrol -k /dev/kbd0 &lt; /dev/console";
#};
</programlisting>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>µM«á¿é¤J <command>exit</command>Â÷¶} Single User Mode ¤§«á¡A
	          ´N¥i¥H¶¶§Q¶i¤J¨t²Î¡B¦Ó¥BÁä½L¤]¥i¥H¥¿±`¹B§@¡A¤U¦¸¶}¾÷¤]¤£·|¦³°ÝÃD¡I</para>
              </listitem>
            </orderedlist>

          <para>¥t¥~¡A&dell; ªº DRAC/BMC ¬Ý°_¨Ó¦³ÆZ¦h¤£¿ùªº»·ºÝ¦s¨ú¥\¯à¡A¦³¿³½ìªº¤H¥i¥Hª±ª±¬Ý...</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>

      </sect1>

  </chapter>

  <chapter id="troubleshoot">
    <chapterinfo>
      <author>
	<firstname>William</firstname>
        <surname>Liao</surname>
        <affiliation>
          <address><email>chliao@tpts4.seed.net.tw</email></address>
        </affiliation>
      </author>
    </chapterinfo>

    <title>±`¨£°ÝÃD¸Ñ¨M</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="pae">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò &os; §ì¨ì¿ù»~ªº°O¾ÐÅé®e¶q¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
	  <para>§ì¨ì¿ù»~ªº°O¾ÐÅé®e¶q¬O¦]¬°ª«²z¦ì§}¸òµêÀÀ¦ì§}¨âªÌ¬O¤£¦Pªº¡C</para>

	  <para>The convention for most PC hardware is to use the memory area
	    between 3.5G and 4G for a special purpose (usually for PCI).  This
	    address space is used to access PCI hardware.  As a result real,
	    physical memory can not appear in that address space.</para>

	  <para>What happens to the memory that should appear in that location
	    is dependent on your hardware.  Unfortunately, some hardware does
	    nothing and the ability to use that last 500M of RAM is entirely
	    lost.</para>

	  <para>Luckily, most hardware remaps the memory to a higher location
	    so that it can still be used.  However, this can cause some
	    confusion if you watch the boot messages.</para>

	  <para>On a 32 bit version of &os;, the memory appears lost, since it
	    will be remapped above 4G, which a 32 bit kernel is unable to
	    access.  In this case, the solution is to build a PAE enabled
	    kernel.  See <link linkend="memory-limits">this FAQ entry</link>
	    for more information.</para>

	  <para>On a 64 bit version of &os;, or when running a PAE-enabled
	    kernel, &os; will correctly detect and remap the memory so it is
	    usable.  During boot, however, it may seem as if &os; is detecting
	    more memory than the system really has.  This is normal and the
	    available memory will be corrected as the boot process
	    completes.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="awre">
          <para>µwºÐ¦³Ãa­y®É¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>­Y¬O SCSI µwºÐªº¸Ü¡A¨º»òºÏºÐ¾÷À³¸Ó¦³¯à¤O¦Û°Ê§@ re-mapping
            ªº°Ê§@¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦]¬°¤@¨Ç¥¼ª¾ªº¦]¯À¡A¦b¥X¼t®É¡A«Ü¦hµwºÐªº³o¶µ
            ¥\¯à¬OÃö³¬ªº...</para>

          <para>­n±N¨ä­«·s¶}±Ò¡A±z»Ý­n½s¿è¸Ë¸mªº²Ä¤@­Ó page ¼Ò¦¡
            ¡]first device page mode¡^¡A¦b FreeBSD ¤W¥i¥H¥Î¤U­±ªº«ü¥O¿ì¨ì
            ¡]¥H <username>root</username>¨­¤À°õ¦æ¡^</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>scsi -f /dev/rsd0c -m 1 -e -P 3</userinput></screen>

          <para>µM«á±N AWRE ©M ARRE ªº¼Æ­È±q 0 Åܦ¨ 1:-</para>

          <programlisting>AWRE¡]Auto Write Reallocation Enbld¡^¡G 1
ARRE¡]Auto Read Reallocation Enbld¡^¡G 1</programlisting>

          <para>¥H¤U³o¬q¬O¥Ñ Ted Mittelstaedt
            <email>tedm@toybox.placo.com</email>©Ò´£¨Ñ¡G</para>

          <para>­Y¬° IDE µwºÐ¡A¥ô¦óªºÃa­y³q±`³£¬O³Â·Ðªº¹w¥ü¡C¥Ø«e©Ò¦³¸û·sªº
            IDE µwºÐ¡A¤º³¡³£¦³¦Û°Ê remapping Ãa­yªº¯à¤O¡C¥Ø«e©Ò¦³ IDE µwºÐ
            »s³y°Ó¡A³£´£¨Ñ¤F§ó¤[ªº«OÃÒ¡A¦Ó¥B·|À°±z§ó´«¥X²{Ãa­yªºµwºÐ¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG±z¤´·Q­n­×´_²£¥ÍÃa­yªº IDE µwºÐ¡A±z¤´¥i¥H¸ÕµÛ¥h¤U¸ü IDE
            µwºÐ»s³y°Ó©Ò´£¨ÑªºÀË´úµ{¦¡¡A¨Ã¥Î¥¦¨ÓÀˬd±zªºµwºÐ¡C¦³®É³o¨Ç³nÅé¥i
            ¥H±j­¢­«·sÀˬdµwºÐªºÃa­y¡A¨Ã±N¥¦­Ì¼Ð¥Ü¥X¨Ó¡C</para>

          <para>¹ï ESDI¡ARLL ¤Î MFM ªºµwºÐ¨Ó»¡¡A³q±`Ãa­y¬O¥¿±`²{¶H¡A¤]¤£¬O¤°
            »ò³Â·Ðªº«e¥ü¡C¦b PC ¤W¡AºÏºÐ±±¨î¥d©M BIOS ­t³d¼Ð¥ÜÃa­yªº¥ô°È¡C³o
            ¹ï¤@¨Ç¨Ï¥Î BIOS¨Ó¦s¨úºÏºÐªº§@·~Àô¹Ò¡]¦p DOS¡^¬O¨S¦³°ÝÃDªº¡CµM¦Ó¡A
            FreeBSD ªººÏºÐÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨Ã¤£¸g¹L BIOS ¨Ó¦s¨úºÏºÐ¡A©Ò¥H¡A¦³­Ó bad144
            ªº¾÷¨î¥Î¨Ó¨ú¥N³o¶µ¥\¯à¡Cbad144 ¥u¯à¥Î¦b wd ³o­ÓºÏºÐÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤W¡]³o
            ­Ó¥Nªí¤F FreeBSD 4.0 ¨Ã¤£¤ä´©¥¦¡^¡A¥¦¤]µLªk¥Î¦b SCSI µwºÐ¤W¡C
            bad144ªº¤u§@¤èªk¬O±N©Ò¦³§ä¨ìªºÃa­y¸ê®Æ¦s¨ì¤@­Ó¯S§OªºÀÉ®×ùØ¡C</para>

          <para>¨Ï¥Î bad144 ªºÄµ§i - ¦sµÛÃa­y¸ê®Æªº¯S§OÀɮ׬O©ñ¦bµwºÐªº³Ì«á
            ¤@­y¤W¡C¦]¬°³o­ÓÀÉ®×Àx¦sªºÃa­y¸ê®Æ¤¤¡A¦³¥i¯à¦³¨Ç¸ê®Æ¬O«ü¦VµwºÐ³Ì
            «eºÝ©Òµo¥ÍªºÃa­y±¡§Î¡A´N¬O¥i¯àÀx¦s /kernel ³o­ÓÀɪº¦a¤è¡A©Ò¥H¥¦
            ¤@©w­n¯à³Q¶}¾÷µ{¦¡©ÒŪ¨ú¡A¦Ó¶}¾÷µ{¦¡¬O³z¹L BIOS ¨ÓŪ¨ú kernel
            ÀÉ¡C³oªí¥Ü¤F¨Ï¥Î bad144 ªºµwºÐµ´¤£¯à¾Ö¦³¶W¹L 1024 ­Ó cylinder¡A
            16 ­Ó head ¤Î 63 ­Ó sector¡C¦Ó³o¨Ï±o±ý¨Ï¥Î bad144 ªºµwºÐªº¤j¤p¤£
            ¯à¤j©ó 500 MB¡C</para>

          <para>­n¨Ï¥Î bad144 «Ü²³æ¡A¥u­n¦b¶}©l¦w¸Ë®É¡A¦b FreeBSD fdisk µe­±
            §â<quote>Bad Block</quote> ±½ºË³]¬° ON §Y¥i¡C¦b FreeBSD 2.2.7 ¥H
            «á³£¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¦¹¤èªk¡C¦ý³o­ÓµwºÐªº cylinder ¤@©w­n¦b 1024 ¥H¤U¡C¨Ï
            ¥Î«e¡A§Ú­Ì«Øij³o­ÓµwºÐ­n¦Ü¤Ö¥ý¨Ï¥Î¥|­Ó¤p®É¡A¥H«K¼ö¿±µÈ»PºÏ­y°¾²¾
            ¹F¤@¯ëª¬ºA¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG³o­ÓµwºÐ¾Ö¦³¶W¹L 1024 ­Ó cylinder¡]¹³¤j®e¶qªº ESDI µwºÐ¡^
            ¡AESDI ±±¨î¥d§Q¥Î¤@­Ó¯S§OªºÂà´«¼Ò¦¡¨Ï¥¦¯à¦b DOS ¤U¤u§@¡C¦Ó¦pªG±z
            ¦b fdisk ùتº <quote>set geometry</quote> ¤¤¿é¤J
	    <quote>Âà´«¹L</quote> ªº geometry¡Awd ³o­ÓÅX°Êµ{¦¡¯à¤F¸Ñ³o¨ÇÂà´«
	    ¼Ò¦¡¡C±z¤]µ´¹ï¤£¯à¨Ï¥Î dangerously dedicated ¼Ò¦¡¨Ó«Ø¥ß FreeBSD
	    ªº¤À³Î°Ï¡A¦]¬°¥¦·|©¿²¤ geometry ³o­Ó°Ñ¼Æ¡C¦¹¥~¡A´Nºâ fdisk ¨Ï¥Î
	    ±z©Ò¿é¤Jªº geometry °Ñ¼Æ¡A¥¦¨ÌµM·|¥hŪ¨ú³oµwºÐªº¯u¥¿¸ê®Æ¡A¦Ó·|¹Á
	    ¸Õ¥h«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó¹L¤jªº FreeBSD ¤À³Î°Ï¡C¦pªGºÏºÐªº geometry ¤w¸g³Q
	    <quote>Âà´«</quote> ¹L¤F¡A¨º»ò ³o­Ó¤À³Î°Ï <quote>¥²¶·</quote>
	    ¥H¤â°Ê¿é¤J block ¼Æ¥Øªº¤èªk¨Ó«Ø¥ß¡C</para>

          <para>¤@­Ó§Ö³tªº¤p§Þ¥©¬O§Q¥Î ESDI ±±¨î¥d¨Ó³]©w¤j®e¶qªº ESDI µwºÐ¡A
            ¥Î DOS ¶}¾÷¤ù¶}¾÷¡A¦A±N¥¦ format ¬° DOS ªº¤À³Î°Ï¡CµM«á­«¶}¾÷¶i¤J
            FreeBSD ¦w¸Ëµ{§Ç¡A¦b fdisk µe­±¡A§âDOS ¤À³Î°Ïªº blocksize ©M
            block number §Û¤U¨Ó¡CµM«á­«·s³]©w geometry ¨Ï¨ä¸ò DOS ¨Ï¥Îªº¤@¼Ë¡C
            §R°£ DOS ¤À³Î°Ï¡AµM«á¨Ï¥Î±z­è­è§Û¤Uªº blocksize ¨Ó«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó
            <quote>cooperative</quote> FreeBSD ¤À³Î°Ï¡CµM«á³]©w³o­Ó¤À³Î°Ï¬°¥i
            ¶}¾÷¡A¦A¥´¶}Ãa­y±½ºË¡C¦b¯u¥¿ªº¦w¸Ë¹Lµ{¤¤¡Abad144 ·|¦b¥ô¦óÀɮרt²Î
            ³Q«Ø¥ß«e¥ý³Q°õ¦æ¡C¡]±z¥i¥H«ö Alt-F2 ¨ÓºÊ¬Ý³o¤@¤Á¡^¦pªG¦b«Ø¥ßÃa­y¸ê
            ®ÆÀɮɵo¥Í¤F°ÝÃD¡A±z·|»Ý­n³]©w¤@­Ó¸û¤jªººÏºÐ geometry - ³oªí¥Ü±z
            »Ý­n­«¶}¾÷¡AµM«á¥þ³¡¦A­«·s¶}©l¡]¥]¬A­«·s¤À³Î¥H¤Î¦b DOS ¤U­«·s
            format¡^¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG remapping ªº¥\¯à¤w¸g±Ò°Ê¤F¡A¦Ó±z¨ÌµM¤@ª½¬Ý¨ìÃa­y²£¥Í¡A
            ¨º»ò¦Ò¼{´«¤@¥xµwºÐ§a¡CÃa­yªº±¡§Î¥u·|ÀH®É¶¡¼W¥[¦Ó§ó¬°ÄY­«¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="hpnetserver-scsi-failure">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò FreeBSD §ì¤£¨ì HP Netserver ªº SCSI ±±¨î¥d¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>°ò¥»¤W³o­Ó¬O¤@­Ó¤wª¾ªº°ÝÃD¡C¦b HP Netserver ¾÷¾¹¤Wªº on-board
            EISA ¤¶­± SCSI ±±¨î¥d¥e¾Ú¤F©w§}¬°²Ä 11 ªº EISA ¼Ñ¡A¦]¦¹©Ò¦³ªº
            <quote>¯u¹ê</quote> EISA ¼Ñ³£¦b¥¦¤§«e¡C¥i¬O¡A¦b EISA ©w§}ªÅ¶¡
            &gt;= 10 ®É¡A·|»P«ü©wµ¹ PCI ¥Îªº©w§}ªÅ¶¡¬Û½Ä¬ð¡A¥B FreeBSD ªº
            auto-configuration µLªk¥¿½Tªº³B²z³o­Ó±¡§Î¡C</para>

          <para>¦]¦¹¡A²{¦b§A¯à°µªº³Ì¦n¨Æ±¡´N¬O¦b kernel ùس]©w
	    <literal>EISA_SLOTS</literal> ³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¬° 12 ¡AµM«á·í§@¨S¦³³o­Ó
	    °ÝÃD :)¡C½Ð¨Ì·Ó <ulink url="../../handbook/kernelconfig.html">
	    Handbook ¤¤¦³Ãö kernel ªº³]©w</ulink> ùØ©Ò»¡ªº¤èªk¨Ó³]©w»P½sĶ
	    ±zªº kernel¡C</para>

          <para>·íµM¡A¦b¦w¸Ë FreeBSD ¨ì³oºØ¾÷¾¹¤W®É¡A³o¬O¤@­ÓÂû¥Í³J³J¥ÍÂûªº
            °ÝÃD¡C¬°¤F¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¦b <emphasis>UserConfig</emphasis> ¤¤¦³
            ¤@­Ó¯S§Oªº¤èªk¡A¦w¸Ë®É¤£­n¶i¤J <quote>visual</quote> ¤¶­±¡A¬Û¤Ï
            ªº¡A¦b©R¥O¦C¼Ò¦¡¤¤¡AÁä¤J</para>

          <programlisting>eisa 12
quit</programlisting>

          <para>µM«á´N¦p¥H©¹¤@¼Ë¦w¸Ë±zªº¨t²Î¡C¤£¹L§Ú­Ì«Øij±z½sĶ»P¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó
            ÄÝ©ó¦Û¤vªº kernel¡A¦ý</para>

          <para>§Æ±æ¦b¥¼¨Óªºª©¥»¤¤¯à¹ï³o­Ó°ÝÃD¦³¤@­Ó¦nªº¸Ñ¨M¤èªk¡C</para>

            <note>
              <para>±zµLªk¦b HP Netserver ¤W¨Ï¥Î
	        <literal>dangerously dedicated</literal> ºÏºÐ¼Ò¦¡¡C±z¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò
		<link linkend="dedicate">³o¥÷µù¸Ñ</link> ¥HÀò±o§ó¦h¸ê°T¡C</para>
            </note>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ed1-timeout">
          <para>¤@ª½¬Ý¨ìÃþ¦ü
            <errorname>ed1: timeout</errorname> ªº°T®§¡C¥¦­Ì¬O¤°»ò·N«ä©O¡H
	  </para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o­Ó³q±`¬O¥Ñ©ó¤¤Â_½Ä¬ð(interrupt conflict)©Ò³y¦¨ªº
	    (¨Ò¦p¡G¨â¶ô¥d¨Ï¥Î¨ì¤F¬Û¦Pªº IRQ)¡C FreeBSD ¦b 2.0.5 ª©¥H«e³£®e³\³o­Ó±¡§Î¡A
            ´Nºâ¦³ IRQ ½Ä¬ð±¡§Î¡Aºô¸ô¥d¤]À³¸Ó¤´¥i¥¿±`¹B§@¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦b 2.0.5 ª©¤Î¨ä¥H«á¡A
	    ¤w¤£¦A®e³\¦³ IRQ ½Ä¬ðªº±¡§Î¤F¡C½Ð©ó¶}¾÷®É¨Ï¥Î -c ³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¡A
	    µM«á§ó§ï ed0/de0/..µ¥ªº³]©w¡A¨Ï¨ä©M±zºô¸ô¥d¥»¨­ªº³]©w¤@­P¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG±z¬O¨Ï¥Î±zºô¸ô¥d¤Wªº BNC ±µÀY¡A±z©Î³\¤]·|¦]¤£¨}ªº²×ºÝ¹qªý³]©w¡A
	    ¦Óµo¥Í¸Ë¸m(device) timeout ªº±¡§Î¡C­nÀˬd¬O§_¦³³oºØ±¡§Î¡A
	    ±z¥i¥H¦bºô¸ô¥d¤Wª½±µ±µ¤W²×ºÝ¹qªý(¤£­n±µºô¸ô½u)¡A
	    µM«á¡A¬Ý¬Ý³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¬O¤£¬O´N®ø¥¢¤F¡C</para>

          <para>¦³¨Ç NE2000 ªº¬Û®e¥d¡A¦pªG¥¦ªº UTP °ð¨S¦³±µºô¸ô½u¡A
            ©Î¬O¸Óºô¸ô½u¨Ã¨S³Q¨Ï¥Îªº¸Ü¡A¤]·|¥X²{³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="bad-3c509">
          <para>&tm.3com; 3C509 ºô¸ô¥d²ö¦W¨ä§®½}¤u¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o¶ô¥d¦³­Ó¤£¦nªº¦a¤è¦b©ó¥¦±`±`·|¿ò¥¢¥»¨­ªº³]©w¸ê®Æ¡C½Ð¨Ï¥Î¸Ó
            ¥dªº DOS ¤u¨ã <command>3c5x9.exe</command> ¨Ó§ó·s¥d¤W³]©w¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="printer-slow">
          <para>¥­¦æ°ð¦Lªí³t«×¯}¤Ñ¯îªººC¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦pªG°ß¤@ªº°ÝÃD´N¬O³t«×«ÜºCªº¸Ü¡A¸ÕµÛ§ïÅܱzªº <ulink
            url="../handbook/printing-intro-setup.html#PRINTING-PARALLEL-PORT-MODE">
            ¦Lªí¾÷³s±µ°ð³]©w</ulink> ³o­Ó¦b¤â¥U¤¤ªº
            <ulink url="../handbook/printing-intro-setup.html">¦Lªí¾÷³]©w
            </ulink> ³o­Ó³¹¸`¦³¥[¥H°Q½×¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="signal11">
          <para>µ{¦¡¦³®É·|¦] <errorname>Signal 11</errorname> ¿ù»~¦Ó°±¤î¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Signal 11 ³o­Ó¿ù»~¬O¦]¬°§Aªº process ¹Á¸Õ­n¦s¨ú¤@¶ô°O¾ÐÅé¡A
            ¦Ó§Aªº§@·~¨t²Î¨Ã¤£¤¹³\¥¦°µ³o­Ó°Ê§@¦Óµo¥Íªº¡C¦pªG³oºØ±¡§Î±`±`¤£
            ©w®Éµo¥Í¡A¨º»ò§AÀ³¸Ó­n¶}©l¬Ý¬Ý¬O¤£¬O­þ¸Ì¥X°ÝÃD¤F¡C</para>

          <para>³o¨Ç°ÝÃD¥i¯à¬O»P¤U¦C±¡§Î¦³Ãö¡G</para>

          <orderedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃD¥u¦b¬Y¤@­Ó±z¦Û¤v¼gªº¬Y­Ó¯S©wµ{¦¡µo¥Í¡A¨º
                »ò«Ü¦³¥i¯à¬O±zªºµ{¦¡½X¦³°ÝÃD¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃD¬O¦b FreeBSD ªº¬Y¨Ç¨t²ÎÀÉ®×µo¥Í¡A¦³¥i¯à¬O
                ¦]¬°µ{¦¡¦³°ÝÃD¡A¦ý³q±`¦b§Ú­Ì³o¸sŪ FAQ ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥h¶]³o¨Ç¦³
                °ÝÃDªºµ{¦¡½X«e¡A¥¦­Ì¦­´N´N¤w¸g³Q¸Ñ¨M¤F¡]³o¬O -current ¦b°µ
                ªº¨Æ¡^¡C</para>
            </listitem>
          </orderedlist>

          <para>¤×¨ä¦pªG§A¦b½sĶ¤@­Óµ{¦¡¡A¦ý¬O¨C¦¸½sĶ¾¹¶]¥X¨Óªºµ²ªG³£¤£¤@¼Ë
	    ªº¸Ü¡A³o¬O¤@­ÓµL¸Ñªº°ÝÃD¡A¦Ó<emphasis>¤£¬O</emphasis> FreeBSD ¯äÂΡC</para>

          <para>Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A°²³]±z¥¿¦b¶] <quote>make buildworld</quote>¡A
	    ¦Ó compiler ¦b±N <filename>ls.c</filename> ½sĶ¦¨
	    <filename>ls.o</filename> ®Éµo¥Í¿ù»~¡A³o®É½Ð¦A¶]¤@¦¸
	    <quote>make buildworld</quote>¡A¦pªG compiler ¨ÌµM¦b¦P¼Ëªº¦a¤èµo
	    ¥Í°ÝÃD¡A¨º»ò´N¬Oµ{¦¡½X¦³°ÝÃD¡Ð¡Ð½Ð§ó·s­ì©l½XµM«á¦A¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¡C¦Ó¦pªG
	    compiler ¬O¦b¨ä¥Lªº¦a¤èµo¥Í¿ù»~¡A¨º»ò´X¥G¥i¥H½T©w¬OµwÅ骺°ÝÃD¤F¡C
          </para>

          <para>±z³o®ÉÀ³¸Ó°µ¤°»ò¡G</para>

          <para>¦pªG¬O²Ä¤@ºØ±¡§Î¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤@¨Ç debugger¡A¦p¡Ggdb¡A¨Ó§ä¥Xµ{¦¡
	    ¬O¦b¨º¨à·|¥h¹Á¸Õ¦s¨ú¿ù»~ªº°O¾ÐÅé¦ì§}¡AµM«á¦A­×¥¿¥¦¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG¬O²Ä¤GºØ±¡§Î¡A´N»Ý­nÀˬd¬Ý¬Ý¬O¤£¬OµwÅ骺°ÝÃD¤F¡C</para>

          <para>¤@¨Ç³y¦¨µwÅ餣íªº­ì¦]¥]¬A¡G</para>

          <orderedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>¥i¯à¬OµwºÐ¹L¼ö¡G½ÐÀˬd¾÷´ß¤ºªº­·®°¬O§_¹B§@¥¿±`¡A¦]¬°±z
	        ªºµwºÐ¡]©ÎªÌÁÙ¦³¨ä¥LªºµwÅé¸Ë¸m¡^¹L¼ö¤F¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>³B²z¾¹¹L¼ö¡G³o­Ó¦³¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°¶WÀW¡A©ÎªÌ¬O³B²z¾¹ªº­·®°±¾¤F¡C
	        ¤£½×¬O­þºØ­ì¦]¡A±z³£»Ý­n±N©Ò¦³ªº¤¸¥ó¦^´_¨ì¥¦­Ì­ì¥ý³]©wªº¤u§@ª¬
		ºA¡A³o¼Ë¤~¯à¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¨Ó»¡¡G±N³B²z¾¹½Õ¦^­ì¥ýªº¤u§@
		ÀW²v¡C</para>

              <para>¦pªG±zÁÙ¬O°í«ù­n¶WÀWªº¸Ü¡A½ÐÂÔ°O¡A»P¨ä¿NÃa¦Ó»Ý­n´«·sªº¤@¥x
	        ¥D¾÷¡A¤£¦p±N³t«×½ÕºC¤@ÂI¡I°£¦¹¤§¥~¡A¤£ºÞ§Aı±o¥¦¦w¤£¦w¥þ¡A¤@¯ë
		¤H¹ï©ó±z¦]¬°¶WÀW¦Óµo¥Íªº°ÝÃD¡A¬O¤£·|¦³¤°»ò¦P±¡¤ßªº¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>¤£Ã­©wªº°O¾ÐÅé¡G¦pªG¥D¾÷¤W¦³¦w¸Ë¼Æ®Ú SIMM/DIMM °O¾ÐÅé¡A
	        ¸ÕµÛ§â¥¦­Ì¥þ©î¤U¨Ó¡AµM«á¤@®Ú¤@®Ú´¡¤W¥h°µ´ú¸Õ¡AÂǦ¹ÁY¤p½d³ò¡A
		¥H«K§ä¥X¦³°ÝÃDªº¬Y®Ú°O¾ÐÅé©Î¬O¬YºØ°O¾ÐÅé²Õ¦X¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>³Ì¨Î¤Æ¹LÀYªº¥D¾÷ªO³]©w¡G¦b BIOS ùةάO¦³¨Ç¥D¾÷ªOªº jumper
	        ¤W¡A¦³®É¥i¥H§ó§ï¤@¨Ç timing¡A¦ý¦b¤j¦h¼Æªº±¡§ÎùØ¡A¨Ï¥Î¹w³]­È´N
		¤w¸g¨¬°÷¤F¡Cªp¥B¦³®É­Ô§â RAM ªº wait states ³]¤Ó¤p¡A©Î¬O¦b
		BIOS ùØ¡A§â <quote>RAM Speed: Turbo</quote> ³o­Ó©Î¬O¨ä¥LÃþ¦ü
		ªº¿ï¶µ¥´¶}³£¦³¥i¯à·|³y¦¨¤@¨Ç¤£¥¿±`ªº²{¶H¡C¤@­Ó¸Ñ¨Mªº¤èªk¬O§â
		BIOS ³]¦^¹w³]­È¡A¤£¹L¦b³o¤§«e°O±o¥ý°O¤U¥Ø«eªº³]©w¡I</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>¨Ñµ¹¥D¾÷ªOªº¹q¤O¤£°®²b©Î¬O¤£¨¬¡C¸ÕµÛ§â¨t²Î¤º¨S¦³¥Î¨ìªº
	        I/O ¥d¡DµwºÐ©Î¬O CDROM ¼È®É©î±¼©Î¬O©Þ±¼¹q·½½u¡A¬Ý¬Ý§Aªº¹q·½
		¨ÑÀ³¾¹¬O¤£¬O¯à°÷¦b¤p¤@ÂIªº­t²ü¤U¥¿±`¤u§@¡C¤£µM´N¬O´«¤W¥t¤@
		­Ó·sªº¹q·½¨ÑÀ³¾¹¡A³Ì¦n¬O¥Ë¼Æ°ª¤@ÂIªº¡]¥´­Ó¤ñ¤è¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG­ì
		¥ýªº¹q·½¨ÑÀ³¾¹¬O 250 ¥Ëªº¡A¨º»ò´N´«¤W 300 ¥Ëªº¸Õ¸Õ¡^¡C</para>
            </listitem>

          </orderedlist>

          <para>½Ð¶¶«K°Ñ¾\ SIG11 FAQ¡]³sµ²¦b¤U­±¡^¡AÁöµM¥¦¬O¯¸¦b Linux ªº¨¤
	    «×¼gªº¡A¥i¬O¸Ì­±¹ï³o¨Ç°ÝÃD¦³³\¦h«Ü´Îªº¸Ñ»¡¡C¥¦¸Ì­±¤]¦³°Q½×¬°¤°»ò
	    ¦³°ÝÃDªº°O¾ÐÅé¯à³q¹L³nÅé©ÎµwÅ骺´ú¸Õªº­ì¦]¡C</para>

          <para>³Ì«á¡A¦pªG¤W­±³o¨Ç­ì¦]³£±Æ°£¤F¡A¨º»ò¦³¥i¯à¬O¹J¨ì¤F FreeBSD
	    ùتº¤@°¦¯äÂΡA½Ð°Ñ¾\«ü¥Ü°µ¤@­Ó°ÝÃD¦^³ø¡C</para>

          <para>³o¨à¦³¤@­Ó§ó¸Ô²Óªº FAQ ¡Ð <ulink
	    url="http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/">
	    the SIG11 problem FAQ</ulink></para>
          </answer>
        </qandaentry>

        <qandaentry>
          <question id="trap-12-panic">
            <para>·í¾÷®É¥X²{¡G<errorname>Fatal trap 12: page fault in kernel mode</errorname>
              ¡A©Î¬O <errorname>panic:</errorname> ¥H¤Î¤@°ï¿ù»~°T®§¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
          </question>

          <answer>
            <para>FreeBSD ªº¶}µoªÌ¹ï©ó³o¨Ç¿ù»~°T®§¬Û·íªº¦³¿³½ì¡A¦ý¬O¥L­Ì»Ý­n
              §ó¸Ô²Óªº¤@¨Ç²Ó¸`¡C½Ð§â±zªº·í¾÷ªº°T®§¥þ³¡½Æ»s¤U¨Ó¡A±µµÛ¬d¾\ FAQ
              ùØ <link linkend="kernel-panic-troubleshooting">kernel
	      panics</link> ³o¸`¡A¨Ì»¡©ú½sĶ¤@­Ó§t°£¿ù½Xªº kernel¡A¥H¨ú±o¨ç¦¡
	      ©I¥s¶¶§Ç¡]backtrace¡^¡C³o­ÓÅ¥°_¨Ó«ÜÃø¡A¦ý¹ê»Ú¤W¨Ã¤£»Ý­n¥ô¦óµ{¦¡
	      ³]­pªº¯à¤O¡A±z¥u»Ý­n¨Ì·Ó«ü¥Ü°µ§Y¥i¡C</para>
          </answer>
        </qandaentry>

        <qandaentry>
          <question id="screen-loses-sync">
            <para>¬°¤°»ò·í§Ú¶}¾÷®É¡A¿Ã¹õÅܶ¡A¥B¤£°±°{°Ê¡H</para>
          </question>

          <answer>
            <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¤wª¾¬O¥Ñ ATI Mach 64 Åã¥Ü¥d©Ò¤Þ°_ªº¡C¦]¬°³o¶ô¥d
              ¨Ï¥Î¨ì <literal>2e8</literal> ³o­Ó¦ì§}¡A¦Ó³o»P²Ä¥|­Ó§Ç¦C°ð
	      ¡]serial port¡^©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº¦ì§}¬Û¦P¡C¦Ó¦b &man.sio.4; ³o­ÓÅX°Ê
	      µ{¦¡ùØ¡A¤£ª¾¹D¬O bug ©Î¬O¥\¯à¡]feature¡^¡A´Nºâ±z¨S¦³²Ä¥|­Ó§Ç
	      ¦C°ð¡A©Î¬O¤w¸g±N sio3¡]²Ä¥|­Ó§Ç¦C°ð¡^¨ú®ø¤F¡A¥¦
	      <emphasis>¨ÌµM</emphasis>·|¥h¹Á¸ÕÅX°Ê¥¦¡C</para>

            <para>ª½¨ì³o­Ó°ÝÃD³Q¸Ñ¨M¥H«e¡A±z¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î³o­Ó¤èªk¡G</para>

              <orderedlist>
                <listitem>
                  <para>¦b¬Ý¨ì¶}¾÷´£¥Ü®É¿é¤J <option>-c</option>
                    ¡]³o·|Åý kernel ¶i¤J³]©w¼Ò¦¡¡^¡C</para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                  <para>¨ú®ø <devicename>sio0</devicename> ¡A
                    <devicename>sio1</devicename> ¡A
                    <devicename>sio2</devicename> ©M
                    <devicename>sio3</devicename>¡]¥þ³¡¡^¡C
                    ³o¥i¥HÅý sio ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤£°Ê§@ -&gt; ©ó¬O°ÝÃD¸Ñ¨M¡C</para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                  <para>¿é¤J exit ¥HÄ~Äò±Ò°Êµ{§Ç¡C</para>
                </listitem>
              </orderedlist>

          <para>¦pªG±z·Q­n¨Ï¥Î±zªº§Ç¦C°ð¡A±z»Ý­n­×§ï
            <filename>/usr/src/sys/i386/isa/sio.c</filename>¡A¦b¸ÓÀɤ¤§ä¥X
            <literal>0x2e8</literal> ³o­Ó¦r¦ê¡A²¾°£³o­Ó¦r¦ê¤Î¥¦«e­±ªº³r¸¹
           ¡]«O¯d«á­±ªº¡^¡AµM«á­«·s½sĶ¤@­Ó·sªº kernel¡C</para>

          <para>´Nºâ¨Ï¥Î¤F¤W­±³o¨Ç¤èªk¡AX Window ¤´µM¦³¥i¯àµLªk¶¶§Q°õ¦æ¡C
            ¦pªGµo¥Í¤F³oºØ±¡§Î¡A½Ð½T©w§A¥Îªº XFree86 ªºª©¥»¬O³Ì·sªº XFree86
            3.3.3 ©Î¬O¨ä«áªºª©¥»¡C¥¦­Ì¦³¤º«Ø¤ä´© Mach 64 ³o±i¥d¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬°¤F³o
            ¨Ç¥dÁÙªþ¦³¤@­Ó¯S§Oªº X Server</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="reallybigram">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Úªº¨t²Î¸Ë¦³ 128 MB ªº RAM¡A¦Ó FreeBSD ¥u¥Î¤F¨ä¤¤ªº
	    64MB¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦]¬° FreeBSD ¬O¨Ï¥Î©I¥s BIOS ¨Ó¨ú±o°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤pªº¤èªk¡A¦]¦¹¥¦
            ¥u¯à°»´ú¨ì 16 bits ¦ì¤¸ªø«×ªº KByte ¤j¤p¡]65535 KBytes = 64MB¡^
            ¡]©ÎªÌ§ó¤Ö..¡C¦³¨Ç BIOS ±N³Ì°ª°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p­­¬°¥u¦³ 16MB¡^
            ¦pªG±z¾Ö¦³ 64MB ¥H¤Wªº RAM¡AFreeBSD ·|¹Á¸Õ¥h°»´ú¥X¥¦¡A¦ý¬O¦³¥i¯à
            ·|¥¢±Ñ¡C</para>

          <para>­n¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A±z»Ý­n¨Ï¥Î¤U­±©Ò´£ªº kernel ³]©w¿ï¶µ¡CÁöµM¦³
	    ¤èªk¥i¥H±q BIOS ¤¤¨ú±o°O¾ÐÅ骺§¹¾ã¸ê°T¡A¦ý¬O¥Ø«e§Ú­Ì¦b¶}¾÷°Ï¤¤¨Ã
	    ¨S¦³¦h¾lªºªÅ¶¡¨Ó°µ³o¥ó¨Æ¡C·í¬Y¤Ñ¶}¾÷°ÏªÅ¶¡¤£¨¬ªº±¡§ÎÀò±o¸Ñ¨M®É¡A
	    §Ú­Ì±N·|¨Ï¥Î BIOS ªº©µ¦ù¥\¯à¨Ó¨ú±o°O¾ÐÅ骺§¹¾ã¸ê°T...¦ý²{¦b§Ú­Ì
	    ±N¥¦©ñ¦b kernel ³]©w¿ï¶µ¤¤¡C</para>

          <para><literal>options "MAXMEM=<replaceable>n</replaceable>"</literal></para>

          <para><replaceable>n</replaceable> ¬O«ü±zªº°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¡A¥H KB
            ¬°³æ¦ì¡C¥H¤@¥x¦³ 128MB RAM ªº¾÷¾¹¨Ó»¡¡A±z¥i¨Ï¥Î
            <literal>131072</literal>³o­Ó¼Æ¦r¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question id="kmem-map-too-small">
	  <para>¾÷¾¹¤Wªº RAM ¦³ 1GB ¥H¤W¡A¥i¬O¬°¦ó«o¦¬¨ì <quote>kmem_map too small</quote>
	        ªº panic ¿ù»~°T®§¡H
	    </para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>³q±` FreeBSD ·|¨Ì¾Ú¾÷¾¹ª¬ªp¨Ó¦Û°Ê½Õ¾ã kernel ¬ÛÃö°Ñ¼Æ³]©w¡A¤ñ¦p¡G
	    ®Ú¾Ú¾÷¾¹©Ò¸Ëªº RAM ¤j¤p¨Ó¨M©w¦P®É¥i¶}±ÒªºÀɮ׼ƶq¦h¹è¡C
	    µM¦Ó¡A¦b 1GB RAM(§t¥H¤W) ªº¾÷¾¹¤W¡A³o­Ó¡y¦Û°Ê½Õ¾ã¡zªº¾÷¨î¥i¯à¦³®É·|°ª¦ô¡G
	    ¤ñ¤è»¡..¶}¾÷®É¡Akernel ·|¥ý°t¸m¦UºØ¤£¦P¥Î³~ªºªí®æ¤Î¨ä¥L¬[ºc©ñ¨ì°O¾ÐÅé¤W¡A
	    µM«á¡A·í¾ã­Ó§@·~¨t²Î³£¶}©l¹B§@¤§«á¡Akernel ´N·|¶}©l¤£°÷ªÅ¶¡¨Ó°µ°O¾ÐÅé°t¸mªº°ÊºA½Õ¾ã¡A
	    ©ó¬O´N panic ±¾¤F¡C</para>

	  <para>¸Ñªk¬O¡G§â <option>VM_KMEM_SIZE_MAX</option> ¥[¨ì kernel ³]©wÀɤº¡A
	    ¨Ã­«·s½sĶ kernel¡A¤ñ¦p¡G</para>

	  <para><literal><option>options VM_KMEM_SIZE_MAX=419430400</option></literal></para>

	  <para>
	    ³o¼Ë·|³]©w 400&nbsp;MB ¨Óµ¹ kernel ¨Ï¥Î¡A¦Ó¥B±Ä¥Î 400&nbsp;MB ªº¸Ü¡A
	    ¥Ø«e¦b 6GB RAM ªº¾÷¾¹¤W³£¥i³Q¦³®Ä¹B¥Î¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question id="panic-kmemmap-too-small">
	  <para>¾÷¾¹¤W RAM ¤£¨ì 1GB ¡A¦ý¤´·|¥X²{
	    <errorname>kmem_map too small!</errorname> ªº panic ¿ù»~°T®§
	    </para>
	</question>

        <answer>
          <para>¤§©Ò¥H panic ªº­ì¦]¦b©ó¨t²Î¥Î¥ú¤Fµ¹ network buffer ¥Î³~ªº virtual memory
	    (¤×¨ä¬O mbuf clusters)¡C¸Ñªk¬O¼W¥[µ¹ mbuf clusters ¥Îªº virtual memory
	    ¼Æ¶q¡A³o¨BÆJ½Ð°Ñ¾\ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥Uªº
	    <ulink
	    url="&url.books.handbook;/configtuning-kernel-limits.html#NMBCLUSTERS">ºô¸ô­­¨î½g</ulink>
	    ¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

<!--
¥H¤U¬°Âª© faq ¤º®e
          <para>³o­Ó panic ªº­ì¦]¬Oªí¥Ü¨t²Î¥Î¥ú¤Fµ¹ºô¸ô½w½Ä°Ïªº©Ò¦³ªºµê
            ÀÀ°O¾ÐÅé¡]¯S§O¬O mbuf clusters¡^¡C±z¥i¥H¼W¥[µ¹ mbuf clusters
            ªº VM ªº¼Æ¶q¡A¥u­n¥[¤J:</para>

          <para><literal>options "NMBCLUSTERS=<replaceable>n</replaceable>"</literal></para>

          <para>¦b±zªº kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤¡A<replaceable>n</replaceable>
	    ¬O¤@­Ó¦b 512-4096 ¶¡ªº¼Æ¦r¡A¨Ì±z·Q´£¨Ñ¦h¤Ö¦P®Éªº TCP ³s±µ¼Æ¥Ø
	    ¦h¹è¦Ó©w¡C§Ú·|«Øij¸Õ¸Õ 2048 - ³o¼Æ¦rÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H§¹¥þÁקK³o­Ó panic
	    ¤F¡C±z¥i¥H°õ¦æ: <command>netstat -m</command>
	    ¡]see &man.netstat.1;¡^¨ÓºÊ¬Ý¦³¦h¤Ö mbuf clusters ¦b¨t²Î¤W¥¿³Q
	    °t¸m/¨Ï¥Î¡CNMBCLUSTERS ªº¼Æ­È¤º©w¬° <literal>512 + MAXUSERS * 16
	    </literal>¡C</para>
-->

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="proc-table-full">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤@ª½¬Ý¨ì <errorname>/kernel: proc: table
            is full</errorname> ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FreeBSD kernel ¥u¤¹³\¤@©w¼Æ¶qªº process ¦b¦P¤@®É¶¡¸Ì¦P
	    ®É¹B§@¡C¦Ó³o­Ó¼Æ¥Ø¬O®Ú¾Ú kernel ³]©wÀɸ̭±ªº
	    <literal>MAXUSERS</literal> ­È¨Ó¨M©wªº¡C<literal>MAXUSERS</literal>
	    ³o­Ó­È¤]·|¼vÅT¨ä¥Lªº kernel ¤º©w­È¡A¤ñ¦p»¡ network buffer
	    (½Ð°Ñ¾\<link linkend="panic-kmemmap-too-small">³o­Ó</link>¤§«e°Q
	    ½×¹Lªº°ÝÃD)¡C¦pªG¾÷¾¹­t²ü(load)«Ü­«¡A±z¥i¯à»Ý­n¼W¥[
	    <literal>MAXUSERS</literal> ³o­Ó­È¡C³o»ò§@·|¤@¨Ö´£°ª¨t²Îªº¨ä¥L¤º
	    ©w­È¡A¥]¬A³Ì¤j¥i¾Ö¦³ªº process ¼Æµ¥¡C</para>

	  <para>­Y­n½Õ¾ã <literal>MAXUSERS</literal>¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤¤ªº <ulink
	    url="&url.books.handbook;/configtuning-kernel-limits.html#KERN-MAXFILES">
	    ÀÉ®×/Processªº­­¨î</ulink> ³¹¸`¡C
	    (ÁöµM¸Ó³B«üªº¬O¡yÀɮתº¶}±Ò¼Æ¶q­­¨î¡z¡A¦ý¤]¾A¥Î©ó process³¡¤À¡C)</para>

          <para>¦b FreeBSD 4.4 ¤§«á¡A<literal>MAXUSERS</literal> ¤w¸gÅܦ¨¥i
	    ¥H¾aµÛ§ó§ï <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> ùتº
	    <varname>kern.maxusers</varname> ³o­Ó­È¦Ó½Õ¾ãªºÅܼƤF¡C¦Ó¦b¤§«e
	    ªº FreeBSD ª©¥»¤¤¡A³o­Ó­È¥u¯à¦b kernel ³]©wÀÉùؽվã¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG¾÷¾¹­t²ü¨Ã¤£­«¡A¦Ó±z¥u¬O»Ý­n¦P®É¶]«Ü¦h«Ü¦h process¡A
	    ¨º»ò¤]¥i¥Hª½±µ¥Î sysctl ½Õ¾ã <varname>kern.maxproc</varname> ­È¡C
	    °²¦p³o¨Ç process ³£¬OÄÝ©ó¬Y­Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¡A¨º»ò±zÁٻݭn¥t
	    ¥~½Õ¾ã <varname>kern.maxprocperuid</varname> ³o­Ó­È¡A¨Ï¥¦¤ñ·s
	    ªº <varname>kern.maxproc</varname> ³o­Ó­È¤Ö 1 (¤@©w­n¤Ö 1 ¡A
	    ¦]¬° &man.init.8; ³o­Ó¨t²Îµ{¦¡µ´¹ï­n«O«ù¦b¹B§@ª¬ºA)¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG·Q¦b¨C¦¸¶}¾÷³£­n§ó§ï sysctl ªº­È¡A¦Ó¥B±zªº FreeBSD ¬O
	    ³Ìªñªºª©¥»ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¦b <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> ³o
	    ­ÓÀɤ¤³]©w¡A¦Ó¦pªG¬Oªºª©¥»¡A¥i¥H¦b
	    <filename>/etc/rc.local</filename> ¤¤§@³]©w¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="cmap-busy-panic">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò¥Î·s kernel ¶}¾÷®É¡A¥X²{ <errorname>CMAP
              busy</errorname> ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥Î¨Ó°»´ú <filename>/var/db/kvm_*.db</filename> ¹L®ÉÀɮתº¾÷¨î°¸º¸·|µo¥Í°ÝÃD¡A¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¨ì¤F¤@­Ó¤£¨ó½Õ
            (mismatch)ªºÀɮצ³®É´N·|¾É­P panic¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªGµo¥Í¤F³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A½Ð­«·s¶}¾÷¡A¶i¤J single ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á°õ¦æ¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rm /var/db/kvm_*.db</userinput></screen>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="brkadrint-illegal-host-access">
          <para>½Ð°Ý³o­Ó°T®§¡G<errorname>ahc0: brkadrint, Illegal Host Access at seqaddr 0x0</errorname>
            ¬O¤°»ò·N«ä¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o¬O¤@­Ó©M Ultrastor SCSI ±±¨î¥d¦³Ãöªº½Ä¬ð¡]conflict¡^¡C</para>

          <para>¦b¶}¾÷®É¡A¶i¤J kernel ³]©w¿ï³æ¨ú®ø
            <devicename>uha0</devicename>¡A¥¦¬O³y¦¨³o­Ó°ÝÃDªº­ì¦]¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="aci0-illegal-cable">
          <para>¶}¾÷®É¡A¬Ý¨ì³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§ <errorname>ahc0: illegal cable configuration</errorname>¡C
            §Úªº±Æ½u½T©w¦³±µ¹ï¡C ¬O¥X¤F¤°»ò°ÝÃD©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
           <para>±zªº¥D¾÷ªO¥i¯à¤£¤ä´©¦Û°Ê²×ºÝ¹qªý³]©w¡C½Ð¶i¨ì SCSI ªº BIOS
             ¸Ì­±¤â°Ê«ü©w¥¿½Tªº²×ºÝ¹qªý¶¶§Ç¡A¦Ó¤£­n¨Ï¥Î¦Û°Ê³]©w¡C
             AIC7XXX ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨ÃµLªkª¾¹D¦³¨S¦³³o¨Ç±Æ½u°»´ú(¥H¤Î¦Û°Ê²×ºÝ¹qªý³]©w)ªº¹q¸ô(external logic)
             ¦s¦b¡C¦pªG EEPROM ¸Ì­±ªº³]©w¬O "automatic termination" ®É¡A¥¦¥u·|³æ¯Â°²©w³o¨Ç¹q¸ô·íµM¬O¦s¦bªº¡C
				     ­Y¯Ê¤Ö¤F³o­Ó¹q¸ô¡AÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦b³]©w²×ºÝ¹qªý®É´N±`±`¥X°ÝÃD¡C
             ¦Ó³oºØ°ÝÃD±N¾É­P SCSI ¶×¬y±Æªº¥i¾a©Ê­°§C¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="mail-loopback">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò Sendmail ¤@ª½¥X²{
	    <quote><errorname>mail loops back to myself</errorname></quote>
	    ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃD¦b sendmail ªº FAQ ¤¤¬O³o¼Ë¦^µªªº:-</para>

<literallayout>        * §Ú¤@ª½¦¬¨ì¦³Ãö "Local configuration error" ªº«H¥ó¡A¨Ò¦p¡G

        553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself
        554 &lt;user@domain.net&gt;... Local configuration error

        §Ú­n¦p¦ó¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡H

        ±z§Q¥Î MX ³]©w¡AÅý­n±H¨ì¬Y domain¡]¦p: domain.net¡^ªº«H¥ó¡A
        ±H¨ì±z©Ò«ü©wªº¾÷¾¹¡]¦b³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¤¤¬° relay.domain.net¡^¡A¦ý¬O³o
        ³¡¾÷¾¹¨Ã¥¼³Q³]©w±µ¨ü domain.net ªº«H¥ó¡C½Ð§â domain.net ¥[¨ì
        /etc/sendmail.cw ¤¤¡]¦pªG±z¦³¨Ï¥Î FEATURE(use_cw_file)) ©Î¬O
        ¦b sendmail.cf ¤¤¥[¤J "Cw domain.net"
            </literallayout>

          <para>³Ì·sª©¥»ªº <ulink  url="ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq">sendmail
            FAQ</ulink> ²{¦b¤w¤£¦AÀHµÛ sendmail <quote>¥X³f</quote>¡C
            ¥¦¥Ø«e¬O³Q©w´Áªºµoªí¦b <ulink
            url="news:comp.mail.sendmail">comp.mail.sendmail</ulink>¡A
            <ulink url="news:comp.mail.misc">comp.mail.misc</ulink>¡A<ulink
            url="news:comp.mail.smail">comp.mail.smail</ulink>¡A<ulink
            url="news:comp.answers">comp.answers</ulink>¡A©M <ulink
            url="news:news.answers">news.answers</ulink>. ±z¤]¥i¥H±H¤@«Ê
	    Email ¨ì <email>mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu</email>¡AµM«á¦b«H¥ó¤º¤å
	    ¤¤¼g¤W
            <literal>send usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq</literal>
            ¥H¨ú±o³o¥÷ FAQ ¤å¥ó¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="remote-fullscreen">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò°õ¦æ»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹¡]remote machine¡^ªº¥þ¿Ã¹õªº³nÅé®É¡A
	    ¦³¤£¥¿±`ªº±¡§Î¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>©Î³\»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹¨Ã«D±N±zªº²×ºÝ¾÷¼Ò¦¡³]¬° FreeBSD console ©Ò¥Îªº
	    <literal>cons25</literal>¡A¦Ó¬O³]¬°¨ä¥¦¼Ò¦¡¡C</para>

          <para>³o¨à¦³´X­Ó¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃDªº¤èªk¡G</para>
            <itemizedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>¦b logging ¶i»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹«á¡A§ó§ï±zªº shell ÅÜ¼Æ TERM ¬°
		  <literal>ansi</literal> ©Î¬O <literal>sco</literal>
		  ¡}¦pªG»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹¤ä´©³o¨Ç¼Ò¦¡ªº¸Ü¡^¡C</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>¨Ï¥Î¤ä´© VT100 ªº¼ÒÀÀ³nÅé¡A¦p FreeBSD console ¤Uªº
                  <application>screen</application> ³nÅé¡C
                  <application>screen</application> ´£¨Ñ±z¦b¤@­Ó terminal
		  ùئP®É¶]¦n´X­Ó session ªº¯à¤O¡A¦Ó¥B¥¦¥»¨­¤]¬O¤@­Ó¬Û·í¦n
		  ªº³nÅé¡C¨C­Ó <application>screen</application> ³£¹³¬O¤@­Ó
		  VT100 ªº²×ºÝ¾÷¡A©Ò¥H»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº TERM ÅܼÆÀ³¸Ó³]¬°
		  <literal>vt100</literal>¡C</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>¦b»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº²×ºÝ¾÷¸ê®Æ®w¡]terminal database¡^¤¤¥[¤J
		  <literal>cons25</literal> ªº¸ê®Æ¡C¥[¤Jªº¤èªkµø»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº
		  §@·~¨t²Î¤£¦P¦Ó¦³©Ò®t²§¡C½Ð°Ñ¾\»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹µ¹¨t²ÎºÞ²z­ûªº»¡©ú
		  ®Ñ¡AÀ³¸Ó·|¦³©ÒÀ°§U¡C</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>±Ò°Ê FreeBSD ªº X ¦øªA¾¹¡AµM«á¨Ï¥Î¤@¨Ç X Window ¤Uªº
		  ²×ºÝ¾÷¼ÒÀÀ¾¹¨Óµn¤J»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹¡A¨Ò¦p <command>xterm</command>
		  ©Î <command>rxvt</command>¡C¦Ó»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº TERM ÅܼÆÀ³¸Ó­n
		  ³]¬° <literal>xterm</literal> ©Î <literal>vt100</literal>¡C
		  </para>
              </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="calcru-negative">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Úªº¾÷¾¹¤@ª½Åã¥Ü
            <errorname>calcru: negative time...</errorname>¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¸ò¤¤Â_¡]interrupt¡^¦³Ãöªº¤£¦PµwÅé »P/©Î ³nÅ骺·f°t³£¦³¥i¯à³y¦¨
            ³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C³o¦³¥i¯à¬O bug ©Î¬O¬Y­Ó¸Ë¸m¥»¨­ªº°ÝÃD¡C¦b¥­¦æ°ð¤W¨Ï¥Î
            ¤jªº MTU ¨Ó§@ TCP/IP ¶Ç¿é¥i¥H­«²{³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C­Y¬O¹Ï§Î¥[³t¥d³y¦¨³o­Ó
            °ÝÃDªº¸Ü¡A±zÀ³¸Ó¥ýÀˬd¥dªº¤¤Â_³]©w¡C</para>

          <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃDªºÃä»Ú®ÄÀ³¬O·|³y¦¨¦³¨Ç process ¥X²{
            <quote>SIGXCPU exceeded cpu time limit</quote> ªº°T®§¡A¦Ó¤£¥¿±`
	    °±¤î¡C</para>

          <para>­Y¬O FreeBSD 3.0 ©Î¬O 1998 ¦~ 11 ¤ë 29 ¤é¥H«á¨ä¥Lª©¥»¡A¸U¤@
	    ³o­Ó°ÝÃD¤@ª½µLªk¥H¨ä¥L¤èªk¸Ñ¨M¡A´N¥u¯à³]©w sysctl ÅܼơG</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl -w kern.timecounter.method=1</userinput></screen>

          <para>³o¼Ë·|¹ï®Ä¯à¦³¨Ç¼vÅT¡A¦ý¬O­Y¦Ò¼{¨ì³o­Ó°ÝÃD±a¨Óªº«áªG¡A³o¼Ë°µ
	    ¬O­È±oªº¡C¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃDÁÙ¬O¦s¦bªº¸Ü¡AÅý sysctl ¨º­Ó­È¨ÌµM³]¬° 1¡A
	    µM«á¼W¥[ kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤ <literal>NTIMECOUNTER</literal> ³o­Ó¿ï
	    ¶µªº¼Æ­È¡C¦pªG±z±N <literal>NTIMECOUNTER</literal> ¼W¥[¨ì 20 ¨Ì
	    µMµLªk¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¨º»ò±z¾÷¾¹¤Wªº¤¤Â_¤w¸g¦h¨ìµLªkÅý­p¼Æ¾¹ºû«ù¦b
	    ¥i¾aªºª¬ºA¤F¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="pcm0-not-found">
          <para>¥X²{ <errorname>pcm0 not found</errorname> ³o­Ó°T®§¡A©ÎªÌ¬O
	    §Úªº­µ®Ä¥dÅܦ¨¤F <devicename>pcm1</devicename>¡A¦ý¦b kernel ³]©w
	    ÀÉùاڬO³] <literal>device pcm0</literal> °Ú¡C³o¬O«ç»ò¦^¨Æ©O¡H
	  </para>
	</question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦pªG±z¦b FreeBSD 3.x ¤W¨Ï¥Î PCI ­µ®Ä¥d´N·|µo¥Í³oºØ°ÝÃD¡C
	    ¦]¬°<devicename>pcm0</devicename> ³o­Ó device ¬O¤º©w«O¯dµ¹ ISA
	    ªº­µ®Ä¥dªº¡A©Ò¥H¦pªG±z¦³¤@±i PCI ªº­µ®Ä¥d¡A±z´N·|¹J¨ì³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A
	    ¦Ó±zªº¥d·|Åܦ¨ <devicename>pcm1</devicename>¡C</para>

            <note>
              <para>¦pªG±z¥u§â kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤ªº³]©w§ï¦¨
	        <literal>device pcm1</literal> ¬OµLªk°£¥h³o­Óĵ§i°T®§ªº¡A
		³o¼Ë·|³y¦¨ <devicename>pcm1</devicename> ³Q«O¯dµ¹ ISA ­µ®Ä¥d¡A
		¦Ó PCI ­µ®Ä¥d«h·|Åܦ¨ <devicename>pcm2</devicename>
		¡]¥~¥[ <errorname>pcm1 not found</errorname> ªºÄµ§i°T®§¡^¡C
              </para>
            </note>

            <para>¦pªG±z¦³¤@±i PCI ªº­µ®Ä¥d¡A±z»Ý­n make
            <devicename>snd1</devicename> ³o­Ó device¡A¦Ó¤£¬O
            <devicename>snd0</devicename>¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>./MAKEDEV snd1</userinput></screen>

          <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃD¦b FreeBSD 4.x ¤W¨Ã¤£·|µo¥Í¡A¦]¬°«Ü¦h¤H§ë¤U¤F³\¦h¤ß
	    ¤OÅý¥¦§ó<emphasis>PnP ¾É¦V</emphasis>¡A¦Ó¥B
	    <devicename>pcm0</devicename> ³o­Ó device ¤]¤£¦A¬O¥u«O¯dµ¹ ISA
	    ªº­µ®Ä¥d¤F¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="pnp-not-found">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò¦b§ó·s¨ì FreeBSD 4.X «á·|§ì¤£¨ì§Úªº PnP ¥d
	  ¡]©ÎªÌ¬O§ì¦¨ <literal>unknown</literal>¡^¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FreeBSD 4.X ²{¦b¤w¸g§ó <emphasis>PnP ¾É¦V</emphasis>¤F¡A
	    ¦ÓÃä»Ú®ÄÀ³´N¬O·|µo¥Í¦³¨Ç¦b FreeBSD 3.X ¥i¥H¥Îªº PnP ¸Ë¸m
	    ¡]¦p­µ®Ä¥d©Î¬O¤º´¡¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡^Åܦ¨µLªk¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>

          <para>³o­Ó­ì¦]¥i¥H¥Î¤@«Ê¥Ñ Peter Wemm µo¨ì freebsd-questions
	    ³o­Ó mailing list ¤Wªº«H¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ¡A¥¦­ì¥»¬O¸ÑÄÀ¬°¤°»ò¦³¤@­Ó¤º
	    ´¡¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A¦b¨t²Î¤É¯Å¨ì FreeBSD 4.x «á¡A´N¨Sªk³Q§ì¨ì¤F
	    ¡]¦b <literal>[]</literal> ùتº¬O¥t¥~¥[ªºµù¸Ñ¡AÅý¤º®e§ó©öÀ´¡^¡C
          </para>

          <blockquote>
            <para>The PNP bios preconfigured it [the modem] and left it
              laying around in port space¡Aso [in 3.x] the old-style ISA
              probes <quote>found</quote> it there.</para>

            <para>Under 4.0¡Athe ISA code is much more PnP-centric. It was
              possible [in 3.x] for an ISA probe to find a
              <quote>stray</quote> device and then for the PNP device id to
              match and then fail due to resource conflicts. So¡Ait
              disables the programmable cards first so this double probing
              cannot happen. It also means that it needs to know the PnP
              id's for supported PnP hardware. Making this more user
              tweakable is on the TODO list.</para>
          </blockquote>

          <para>¦pªG­nÅý¸Ë¸m¯à¦A«×¹B§@¡A§Ú­Ì»Ý­n§ä¥X¥¦ªº PnP id¡AµM«á¦A±N¥¦
	    ¥[¤J¤@¥÷¦b°»´ú ISA ¸Ë¸m®É·|¨Ï¥Îªºªí¤¤¡C¥i¥H°õ¦æ &man.pnpinfo.8;
	    ¨Ó°»´ú³o­Ó¸Ë¸m¡AÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¤U­±¬O &man.pnpinfo.8; §ì¨ìªº¤@­Ó¤º´¡
	    ¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷ªº¸ê®Æ¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pnpinfo</userinput>
Checking for Plug-n-Play devices...

Card assigned CSN #1
Vendor ID PMC2430 (0x3024a341)¡ASerial Number 0xffffffff
PnP Version 1.0¡AVendor Version 0
Device Description: Pace 56 Voice Internal Plug & Play Modem

Logical Device ID: PMC2430 0x3024a341 #0
        Device supports I/O Range Check
TAG Start DF
    I/O Range 0x3f8 .. 0x3f8¡Aalignment 0x8¡Alen 0x8
        [16-bit addr]
    IRQ: 4  - only one type (true/edge)</screen>

          <para>[more TAG lines elided]</para>

          <screen>TAG End DF
End Tag

Successfully got 31 resources¡A1 logical fdevs
-- card select # 0x0001

CSN PMC2430 (0x3024a341)¡ASerial Number 0xffffffff

Logical device #0
IO:  0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8
IRQ 5 0
DMA 4 0
IO range check 0x00 activate 0x01</screen>

          <para>±z©Ò»Ý­nªº¸ê°T¬O¤@¶}©l¬Ý¨ìªº <quote>Vendor ID</quote>
	    ³o¤@¦æ¡C¬A¸¹¤¤ªº¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸½X¡]³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¤¤¬O 0x3024a341¡^´N¬O
	    PnP id¡A¦Ó¦b³o¤§«eªº¦r¦ê¡]PMC2430¡^«h¬O¤@­Ó¿W¤@µL¤Gªº ASCII id¡C
	    ¦Ó³o¨Ç¸ê®Æ»Ý­n³Q¥[¨ì <filename>/usr/src/sys/isa/sio.c</filename>
	    ³o­ÓÀÉ®×ùØ¡C</para>

          <para>¬°¤F¨¾¤î¥ô¦óªF¦è¥X¿ù¡A±zÀ³¸Ó­n¥ý³Æ¥÷¥Ø«eªº
	    <filename>sio.c</filename>¡C¦Ó¥B±z­n submit PR ®É¤]»Ý­n³o­Ó
	    ­ì©lÀɮרӰµ¥X patch¡]±zÀ³¸Ó·|±N¥¦ submit PR §a..¡G¡^..¡^¡C
	    ±µµÛ´N½s¿è <filename>sio.c</filename> §ä´M¤U­±³o¦æ</para>

          <programlisting>static struct isa_pnp_id sio_ids[] = {</programlisting>

          <para>±µµÛ©¹¤U±²°Ê¡A§ä­Ó¥¿½Tªº¦ì¸m¨Ó´¡¤J±zªº¸Ë¸m¸ê°T¡C±z¬Ý¨ìªº´N
	    ¤U­±³o­Ó¼Ë¤l¡A¥¦­Ì¬O·Ó¥kÃäµù¸Ñ¸Ì­±ªº ASCII ³o­Ó Vender ID °µ±Æ
	    §Çªº¡A©Î¬O &man.pnpinfo.8; ©Ò§ä¨ìªº¤@³¡¤À
	    <emphasis>¸Ë¸m´y­z</emphasis>¡G</para>

          <programlisting>{0x0f804f3f¡ANULL}¡A    /* OZO800f - Zoom 2812 (56k Modem) */
{0x39804f3f¡ANULL}¡A    /* OZO8039 - Zoom 56k flex */
{0x3024a341¡ANULL}¡A    /* PMC2430 - Pace 56 Voice Internal Modem */
{0x1000eb49¡ANULL}¡A    /* ROK0010 - Rockwell ? */
{0x5002734a¡ANULL}¡A    /* RSS0250 - 5614Jx3(G) Internal Modem */</programlisting>

          <para>§â±z³o­Ó¸Ë¸mªº¤Q¤»¶i¦ìªº Vender ID ¥[¨ì¥¿½Tªº¦a¤è¡A¦sÀÉ¡A
	    µM«á­«·s½s¤@­Ó kernel¡A¦A­«¶}¾÷¡C¤§«á³o­Ó¸Ë¸mÀ³¸Ó´N·|¹³¦b
	    FreeBSD 3.X ¤U¡A³Q°»´ú¬° <literal>sio</literal> ¸Ë¸m¤F¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="nlist-failed">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú±`±`¦b¶]¤@¨Çµ{¦¡¡]¨Ò¦p <command>top</command> ©Î
	    <command>systat</command>¡^ªº®É­Ô¥X²{
	    <errorname>nlist failed</errorname> ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃD¬O¦]¬°±z¶]ªºµ{¦¡»Ý­n¤@­Ó¯S§Oªº kernel symbol¡A¥i¬O
	    ¤£ª¾¹D¤°»ò­ì¦]¦Ó§ä¤£¨ì¡Q¦Ó·|µo¥Í³o­Ó°ÝÃD¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°¤U­±¨â­Ó­ì¦]¡G
          </para>

          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>±zªº kernel ©M userland ªºÀɮת©¥»¨Ã¤£¤@­P¡]¨Ò¦p»¡¡A±z
	        ½s¤F¤@­Ó·sªº kernel¡A¦ý¬O¨Ã¨S¦³°õ¦æ¹ïÀ³ªº
		<maketarget>installworld</maketarget>¡A©Î¬O¨ä¥LÃþ¦ü±¡§Î¡^¡A
		¦]¦¹ symbol table ªº¤º®e´N©MÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡½sĶ®Éªº¤£¤Ó¤@¼Ë¤F¡C¦p
		ªG¬O³oºØ±¡§Î¡A½Ð°õ¦æ§¹¾ãªº¤É¯Å¨BÆJ¡]½Ð°Ñ¾\
		<filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> ¥H±oª¾¥¿½Tªº¬y
		µ{¡^¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>±z¨S¦³¥Î <command>/boot/loader</command> ¨Ó¸ü¤J±zªº
	        kernel¡A¦Ó¬Oª½±µ¥Ñ boot2 ¶}¾÷¡]½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.boot.8;¡^¡C
		ÁöµM»¡¸õ¹L <command>/boot/loader</command> ¨Ã¨S¦³¤°»ò¿ù¡A
		¦ý¬O¥¦¦b kernel symbols ¸òÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº·¾³q¤è­±¦û¤F«Ü­«ªº¥÷¶q¡C
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="connection-delay">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¥Î  <command>ssh</command> ©Î <command>telnet</command>
	    ³s¨ì§Úªº¹q¸£®É¡A·|µ¥«Ý«Üªøªº¤@¬q®É¶¡¤~¯à³s¤W¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¯gª¬¡GTCP ³s½u«Ø¥ß¤§«á©M¸ß°Ý±K½X¤§«e¡]¦pªG¬O¦b»¡ &man.telnet.1;
	    ªº¸Ü¡A«h¬O login ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¸õ¥X¨Ó¤§«e¡^¡A­nµ¥«Ý«Üªøªº¤@¬q®É
	    ¶¡¡C</para>

          <para>°ÝÃD©Ò¦b¡G³oºØ©µ¿ð±¡§Î±`±`¬O¦]¬°¦øªA³nÅé¡]server software¡^
	    ¹Á¸Õ­n±N«È¤áºÝ¡]client¡^ªº IP ¦ì§}Âà´«¦¨¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡C¦]¬°«Ü¦h¦øªA
	    ³nÅé¡A¥]¬A FreeBSD ¤º«Øªº Telnet ©M SSH¡A¬°¤F±N¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¼g¤J¬ö
	    ¿ýÀɤ¤¥H¨ÑºÞ²zªÌ§@°Ñ¦Ò¡A¦Ó·|°µ³o¶µ°Ê§@¡C</para>

          <para>¸Ñ¨M¤èªk¡G¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃD¦b±z³s±µ¤£¦Pªº¦øªA¾¹®É³£·|µo¥Í¡A¨º»ò
	    °ÝÃD¬O¦b±z«È¤áºÝ³o¤@¤è¡Q¦P¼Ëªº¡A¦pªG§O¤H¥u¦³¦b³s¨ì±zªº¦øªA¾¹¤W
	    ¤~·|µo¥Í³o­Ó±¡§Î¡A¨º»ò°ÝÃD´N¬O¦b¦øªA¾¹³oÃä¤F¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG¬O«È¤áºÝ³o¤è¦³°ÝÃD¡A°ß¤@ªº¤èªk´N¬O±N DNS ¦øªA¾¹­×¦n¡A
	    ³o¼Ë¹ï¤è¦øªA¾¹¤~¯à¥¿½TªºÂà´«¦WºÙ¡C¦pªG°ÝÃD¬O¦b¤º³¡°Ï°ìºô¸ôµo
	    ¥Íªº¡A³oÀ³¸Ó¬O¦øªA¾¹¦³°ÝÃD¡A½Ð¸Ô²ÓÀˬd¤@¤U¡Q¬Û¤Ïªº¡A¦pªG¬O±z
	    ¦b¤W Internet ®Éµo¥Íªº¡A¨º»ò±z»Ý­n¸ò±zªº ISP Ápµ¸¡A½Ð¥L­Ì¸Ñ¨M
	    ³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG¬O¦øªA¾¹³oÃ䪺°ÝÃD¡A¦Ó¥B¬Oµo¥Í¦b¤º³¡°Ï°ìºô¸ô¡A¨º»ò±z»Ý
	    ­n³]©w³o­Ó¦øªA¾¹¡A¨Ï¥¦¯à¥¿½T±N¤º³¡ºô¸ôªº IP ¦ì§}Âà´«¬°¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡C
	    ½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.hosts.5; ©M &man.named.8; ªº»¡©ú¥HÀò±o§ó¦h¸ê°T¡C¦p
	    ªG¬O¦b Internet ¤Wªº¦øªA¾¹µo¥Í³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¨º»ò¦³¥i¯à¬O±z¦øªA¾¹ªº
	    Âà´«¥\¯à¥X°ÝÃD¡C±z¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¬d¸ß¥t¤@­Ó¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡A¤ñ¦p¡G
	    <hostid>www.yahoo.com</hostid>¡C¦pªG¬d¤£¨ì¡A¨º»ò¥i¥H½T©w¬O±z³o
	    Ãä¥X°ÝÃD¤F¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="stray-irq">
          <para><errorname>stray IRQ</errorname> ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¬O¤°»ò·N«ä¡H</para>
        </question>
	<answer>
          <para>Stray IRQs ¬OµwÅé IRQ ¦³ÂI¤p°ÝÃDªº²{¶H¡A¤j¦h¬O¦]¬°µwÅ饻¨­
	    ¦bµo¥X¤¤Â_»Ý¨D«á¡A¤S¨ú®ø¤F¥¦¦Û¤vªº¤¤Â_­n¨D¡C</para>
          <para>¦³¤T­Ó¤èªk¥i¥HÀ³¥I³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡G</para>
	  <itemizedlist>
	    <listitem>
              <para>¤£²z·|³o­Óĵ§i¡C¤Ï¥¿¤@­Ó irq ¥X²{¤­¦¸Äµ§i«á¨t²Î´N¤£·|
	        ¦AÅã¥Ü¤F¡C</para>
	    </listitem>
	    <listitem>
              <para>§â <function>isa_strayintr()</function> ùتº­È¡A¥Ñ 5
	        §ï¦¨ 0¡A³o¼Ë©Ò¦³ªºÄµ§i°T®§³£¤£·|¥X²{¡C</para>
	    </listitem>
	    <listitem>
              <para>¦w¸Ë¨Ï¥Î irq 7 ªº¥­¦æ°ðµwÅé³]³Æ¡A¥H¤Î¥¦ªº PPP ÅX°Êµ{¦¡
	        ¡]³o­Ó¤j³¡¤À¨t²Î³£¦³°µ¡^¡A±µµÛ¦w¸Ë ide µwºÐ©Î¬O¨ä¥L·|¨Ï¥Î
	        irq 15 ªºµwÅé³]³Æ¥H¤Î¥¦ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C</para>
	    </listitem>
	  </itemizedlist>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="file-table-full">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò <errorname>file: table is full</errorname> ³o­Ó°T®§
	    ¤@ª½¦b dmesg ùØ­«½Æ¥X²{¡H</para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¥Nªí¤F±z¨t²Îªº file descriptors ¤w¸g¨Ï¥Î¥ú¤F¡C
	    ½Ð°Ñ¾\¤â¥U¤º <ulink url="../handbook/configtuning-kernel-limits.html">
	    Tuning  Kernel Limits</ulink> ¸Ì­±ªº <ulink
	    url="../handbook/configtuning-kernel-limits.html#KERN-MAXFILES">
	    kern.maxfiles</ulink> ³o­Ó³¹¸`¡A¸Ì­±¦³¤@¨Ç°Q½×¤Î¸Ñ¨M¤èªk¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question id="laptop-clock-skew">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Úµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤Wªº®ÉÄÁ¤@ª½Åã¥Ü¿ù»~ªº®É¶¡¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
          <para>±zªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¸Ì¦³¨â­Ó¥H¤Wªº®ÉÄÁ¡A¦Ó FreeBSD ¿ï¨ì¤F¿ùªº
	    ¨º­Ó¡C</para>

           <para>°õ¦æ &man.dmesg.8;¡AÀˬd¤@¤U¦³ <literal>Timecounter</literal>
	     ¦r¦êªº¨º´X¦æ¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ¬O FreeBSD ¿ï¥Îªº¡A³q±`¬O
	     <literal>TSC</literal>¡C</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dmesg | grep Timecounter</userinput>
Timecounter "i8254"  frequency 1193182 Hz
Timecounter "TSC"  frequency 595573479 Hz</screen>

          <para>±z¥i¥H°õ¦æ &man.sysctl.3; ¬Ý¤@¤U
	    <varname>kern.timecounter.hardware</varname> ³o­Ó­È°µ½T»{¡C</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.timecounter.hardware</userinput>
kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC</screen>

          <para>BIOS ¥i¯à¦b¤@¨Ç±¡§Î¤U·|§ó§ï TSC ªº®É¯ß&mdash;¦³®É­Ô¬O¦]¬°
	    ¦b¨Ï¥Î¹q¦À¤u§@®É·|§ó§ï³B²z¾¹ªº³t«×¡A¥t¥~¤]¦³¥i¯à¬O¶i¤J¤F¬Ù¹q¼Ò
	    ¦¡¡A¥i¬O FreeBSD ¨Ã¤£·|¹îı¨ì³o¨Ç½Õ¾ã¡A¦Ó·|µo¥Í®É¶¡¼W¥[©Î¬O´î
	    ¤Öªº±¡§Î¡C</para>

          <para>¦b¤W­±ªº¨Ò¤l·í¤¤¡A§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨ìÁÙ¦³ <literal>i8254</literal>
	    ³o­Ó®ÉÄÁ¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü¡A°õ¦æ &man.sysctl.3; ¥Î¤â°Êªº¤è¦¡±N³o­Ó­È¼g¤J
	    <varname>kern.timecounter.hardware</varname> ¤¤¡C</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl -w kern.timecounter.hardware=i8254</userinput>
kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -&gt; i8254</screen>

          <para>³o¼Ë±zªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£À³¸Ó´N¥i¥H«O«ù¥¿½Tªº®É¶¡¤F¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG­nÅý³o­Ó§ó§ïªº°Ê§@¦A¨C¦¸¶}¾÷®É¦Û°Ê°õ¦æ¡A¦b
	    <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> ùØ¥[¤J¤U­±³o¦æ¡C</para>

	  <programlisting>kern.timecounter.hardware=i8254</programlisting>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question id="null-null">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Úªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£µLªk¥¿½Tªº°»´ú¨ì PC card ¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
          <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃD±`±`µo¥Í¦bÄé¤F¦h­Ó§@·~¨t²Îªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤W¡C¦³¨Ç«D
	    BSD ªº§@·~¨t²Î·|Åý PC card ªºµwÅé¸Ë¸m³B¦b¤@­Ó¤£¤@­Pªºª¬ºA¤U
	    ¡]inconsistent state¡^¡C¨Ï±o <command>pccardd</command> ¦b°»
	    ´ú³o¤ù¥d®É¡AµLªk§ì¨ì¥¿½Tªº«¬¸¹¡A¦Ó¬O
	    <errorname>"(null)""(null)"</errorname>¡C</para>

          <para>±z»Ý­n²¾°£ PC card ´¡¼Ñªº¹q·½¥H­«¸m³o­ÓµwÅé¸Ë¸m¡C¤@­Ó¤èªk¬O
	    ±N±zªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£Ãö¾÷¡]¤£¬O¥ð¯v¼Ò¦¡¡A¤]¤£¬O«Ý©R¼Ò¦¡¡Q­n§¹¥þªºÃö
	    ¾÷¡^¡Cµ¥­Ó´X¬íÄÁ¦A­«¶}¾÷¡C³o¼Ë±zªº PC card À³¸Ó´N¥¿±`¤F¡C</para>

          <para>¦³®É¦³¨Çµ§°O«¬¹q¸£ÁöµM¬Ý°_¨Ó¤w¸gÃö¾÷¤F¡A¦ý¹ê»Ú¤W¨Ã¨S¦³¡C
	    ¦pªG±zµo²{¤W­±¨º­Ó¤èªk¨S¦³¥Î¡A½ÐÃö¾÷¡A²¾°£¹q¦À¡Aµ¥­Ó´X¬íÄÁ¡A
	    §â¹q¦À¸Ë¤W¥hµM«á­«¶}¾÷¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="boot-read-error">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò¦b BIOS µe­±¤§«á¡AFreeBSD ªº boot loader Åã¥Ü
	    <errorname>Read error</errorname> µM«á´N°±¤î¤£°Ê¤F¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o¬O¦]¬°FreeBSD ªº boot loader µLªk¥¿½Tªº§ä¥XµwºÐªº
	    geometry¡C³o¼Ëªº¸Ü¡A´N»Ý­n¦b¥Î fdisk ¤À³Î©Î¬O­×§ï FreeBSD
	    ªº slice ®É¡A¤â°Ê±N¥¿½Tªº­È¿é¤J¶i¥h¤F¡C</para>
          <para>¥¿½TªºµwºÐ geometry ­È¦b BIOS ¸Ì­±¥i¥H¬dªº¨ì¡Cª`·N¸ÓµwºÐªº
	    cylinders¡Aheads ¥H¤Î sectors ³o¨Ç¼Æ­È¡C</para>
          <para>¦b°õ¦æ &man.sysinstall.8;ªº fdisk ®É¡A«ö¤U <keycap>G</keycap>
	    ¥H«K¤â°Ê³]©wµwºÐªº geometry¡C</para>
          <para>³o®É·|¦³¤@­Ó¹ï¸Ü®Ø¸õ¥X¨Ó¡A¸ß°Ý±z¦³Ãö cylinders¡Aheads ¥H¤Î
	    sectors ³o¨ÇªF¦èªº­È¡C½Ð±N­è­è¦b BIOS ¬d¨ìªº¼Æ¦r¡A¥H / §@¤À¹j¿é
	    ¤J¶i¥h¡C</para>
          <para>Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG¬O 5000 cylinders¡A250 sectors ©M 60 sectors
	    ´N¿é¤J <userinput>5000/250/60</userinput></para>
          <para>¿é¤J§¹«á½Ð«ö enter Áä½T»{¡A³Ì«á«ö¤U <keycap>W</keycap> Áä§â
	    ·sªº¤À³Î°Ïªí¼g¤JµwºÐ·í¤¤¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="bootmanager-restore">
          <para>¥t¤@­Ó§@·~¨t²ÎºR·´¤F§Úªº Boot Manager¡C§Ú­n«ç»ò¼Ë¤~¯à§â¥¦ÁÙ
	    ­ì¦^¨Ó¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>°õ¦æ &man.sysinstall.8; ±µµÛ¿ï Configure¡AµM«á¿ï Fdisk¡C
	    ¦A¨Ó¥Î<keycap>ªÅ¥Õ</keycap>Áä¿ï¾Ü­ì¥ý Boot Manager ©Ò¦bªºµwºÐ¡C
	    «ö¤U <keycap>W</keycap> Áä¨Ó§@¼g¤Jªº°Ê§@¡C³o®É·|¸õ¥X¤@­Ó´£¥Ü
	    °T®§¡A¸ß°Ý±z­n¦w¸Ë­þ¤@­Ó boot loader¡C½Ð¿ï¾Ü Boot Manager¡A
	    ³o¼Ë´N¥i¥H±N¥¦ÁÙ­ì¤F¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="indefinite-wait-buffer">
          <para>³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡G<errorname>swap_pager: indefinite
            wait buffer:</errorname> ¬O¤°»ò·N«ä©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o­Ó°T®§¬O»¡¦³¤@­Ó°õ¦æµ{§Ç¥¿¦b¹Á¸Õ±N¤À­¶°O¾ÐÅé¡]page memory¡^
	  ¼g¤JµwºÐ¤¤¡A¦Ó³o­Ó°Ê§@¹Á¸Õ¤F 20 ¬íÄÁ¤´µMµLªk¦¨¥\¡C³o­Ó¦³¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°
	  µwºÐ¦³Ãa­y¡B¹q¸ô©Î±Æ½u¦³°ÝÃD¡B¥H¤Î¨ä¥L¸òµwºÐŪ¥X¼g¤J¦³ÃöªºµwÅé³]³Æ¡C
	  ¦pªG¯uªº¬OµwºÐÃa­yªº°ÝÃD¡A±zÀ³¸Ó·|¦b
	  <filename>/var/log/messages</filename>³o­ÓÀɮפ¤¡A©Î¬O¦b°õ¦æ
	  <command>dmesg</command>³o­Ó«ü¥O«á¡A¬Ý¨ì¦³ÃöºÏºÐ¿ù»~ªº°T®§¡C
	  ¦pªG¨S¦³¡A¨º»ò½ÐÀˬd±zªº±Æ½uÁÙ¦³±µÀY³s±µ¬O§_¨}¦n¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="touch-not-found">
	  <para>¬°¦ó¦b buildworld/installworld ®É¡A·|­w¦b
	    <errorname>touch: not found</errorname> ªº¿ù»~°T®§?</para>
        </question>

	<answer>
	  <para>³o¿ù»~°T®§¨Ã¤£¬O«ü &man.touch.1; µ{¦¡¤£¨£¤F¡A¨Æ¹ê¤W¥i¯à¬O¸ÓÀÉÀɮ׮ɶ¡³Q³]¬°¥¼¨Óªº®É¶¡¡C
	      ­Y¾÷¾¹¤Wªº CMOS-clock ®ÉÄÁ³]©w¬°·í¦a®É¶¡
	      («D®æªL«Âªv®É¶¡¡A¤ñ¦p¥xÆW®É¶¡¬° GMT +08:00 ¡A¤]´N¬O CST ¤¤­ì¼Ð·Ç®É¶¡)¡A
	      ¨º»ò½Ð¦b¶}¾÷®É¡A¥ý¿ï single user ¼Ò¦¡¶i¤J¡AµM«á¥´
	      <command>adjkerntz&nbsp;-i</command>
	      ¨Ó½Õ¾ã kernel clock »P¾÷¾¹¤Wªº CMOS-clock ¨Ó¦P¨B¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="commercial">
    <chapterinfo>
      <author>
	<firstname>Vanilla</firstname>
	<surname>Shu</surname>
	<affiliation>
	  <address><email>vanilla@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
	</affiliation>
      </author>
    </chapterinfo>

    <title>°Ó·~³nÅé</title>

      <note>
        <para>³o¤@¸`ªº¤º®eÁÙ¬O¬Û·í¤Ö¡A¤£¹L§Ú­Ì·íµM§Æ±æ¦U­Ó¤½¥q¯à¬°¥¦¥[ÂI¤º®e :)
          FreeBSD ²Õ´©M¦C¦b³o¸Ìªº¥ô¦ó¤@®a¤½¥q³£¨S¦³ª÷¿ú¤Wªº§Q®`Ãö«Y¡A¦C¥X¨Ó¯Âºé¥u¬O¹ï¤j²³¤½¶}¤¶²Ð(¦P®É¤]»{¬°¦b FreeBSD
          ¤Wªº°Ó¾÷­Y¿³©ô¡A·|¹ï FreeBSD ¥iªø¥i¤[¦³·¥¥¿­±ªº®Ä¯q)¡C§Ú­Ì¹ªÀy°Ó·~³nÅ骺¼t°Ó§â¥L­Ìªº²£«~¥]¬A¦b¤U­±ªº¦W³æ¤¤¡A¦b
          <ulink url="../../../../commercial/index.html">Vendors page</ulink> ¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì§óªøªº¦Cªí¡C</para>
      </note>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="officesuite">
          <para>¦b­þÃä§ä¨ìµ¹ FreeBSD ¥Îªº Office ®M¥ó©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
	  <para><ulink
	    url="http://www.openoffice.org">OpenOffice</ulink> ³o®M open-source ©Ê½èªº office
	    ¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD  ¤W¥¿±`¹B¥Î¦Û¦p¡A¦Ó &linux; ª©ªº
	    <ulink
	    url="http://www.sun.com/staroffice/">StarOffice</ulink>,
	    ³o®M closed-source ªº OpenOffice ¥[­Èª©¡A¤]¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤W¥¿±`¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>

	  <para>FreeBSD ¤WÁÙ¦³³\¦h½s±Æ³nÅé¡B¸Õºâªí(Spreadsheet)¥H¤Îø¹Ï³nÅé³£¥i¥Î Ports
	    Collection ¨Ó¦w¸Ë³á¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="motif">
          <para>¦b­þÃä¥i§ä¨ìµ¹ FreeBSD ¥Îªº Motif¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
	  <para>Open Group ÄÀ¥X¤F Motif 2.1.30 ªº­ì©l½X¡A¥i¥H³z¹L
	    <literal>open-motif</literal> package ¦w¸Ë¡A©Î¬O¥Ñ ports ¦Û¦æ
	    ½sĶ¡C¬ÛÃöªº¸ê°T¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò handbook ¤¤ªº <ulink
	    url="../handbook/ports.html">ports</ulink> ³¹¸`¡C

	    <note>
	      <para>Open Motif ¥u¯à¦b¦P¼Ë¤]¬O <ulink
	        url="http://www.opensource.org/">open source</ulink>
		ªº§@·~¨t²Î©Î­p¹º¤¤¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
	    </note>
	  </para>

          <para>¥t¥~¡A¤]¬O¦³°Ó·~ª©¥»ªº Motif ¦s¦b¡C¤]³\³oºØª©¥»ªº Motif
	    ¤£¬O§K¶Oªº¡A¦ý¬Oµ´¹ï¤¹³\¥Î¦b closed-source ªºÀô¹Ò¤U¡C
	    <link linkend="apps2go">Apps2go</link> ´£¨Ñ¤F³Ì«K©yªº FreeBSD
	    (¥]¬A i386 ¸ò alpha)ª©¥»ªº ELF Motif 2.1.20 ®M¥ó¡C
	    <anchor id="apps2go"/></para>

          <para>¥Ø«e´£¨Ñ¨âºØ¤£¦PÀô¹Òªºª©¥»¡A <quote>µo®i¥Îª©¥»</quote> ¤Î
	    <quote>runtime ª©¥»</quote> ¡C³o¨âºØ®M¥ó³£¥]¬A¡G</para>

            <itemizedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm.</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>Development kit with uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, include
                  and Imake files.</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>Static and dynamic ELF libraries (for use with
                  FreeBSD 3.0 and above).</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>Demonstration applets.</para>
              </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>

          <para>¦]¬° <emphasis>Apps2go</emphasis> ¤]¦³´£¨Ñ NetBSD ©M OpenBSD
	    ªºª©¥»¡A©Ò¥H¦b­qÁʮɽЯS§O«ü©w¬O­n FreeBSD ª©¥»ªº Motif¡I
	    ¥L­Ì¥Ø«e¥u´£¨Ñ¥H FTP ªº¤è¦¡¨ú±o³o¥÷®M¥ó¡C</para>

            <variablelist>
              <varlistentry>
                <term>§ó¦h¸ê°T</term>
                <listitem>
                  <para><ulink url="http://www.apps2go.com/">
                    Apps2go WWW page</ulink></para>
                </listitem>
              </varlistentry>

              <varlistentry>
                <term>©Î</term>
                  <listitem>
                    <para>
                      <email>sales@apps2go.com</email> ©Î
                      <email>support@apps2go.com</email>
                      </para>
                  </listitem>
                </varlistentry>

                <varlistentry>
                  <term>©Î</term>
                  <listitem>
                    <para>phone (817) 431 8775  or +1 817 431-8775</para>
                  </listitem>
                </varlistentry>
              </variablelist>

          <para>¤]¥i¥HÁpµ¸ <link linkend="xig">Xi Graphics</link>¡A¥L­Ì´£¨Ñ¤F¤@­Ó
	    FreeBSD a.out ®æ¦¡ªº Motif 2.0 ®M¥ó¡C</para>

          <para>¦b³o®M¥ó¤¤¥]¬A¤F¡G</para>
            <itemizedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm.</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>Development kit with uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, include
                  and Imake files.</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>Static and dynamic libraries (for use with FreeBSD
                  2.2.8 and earlier).</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>Demonstration applets.</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>Preformatted man pages.</para>
              </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>

          <para>¦b§A¸ò¥L­Ì­qÁÊ Motif ®É¡A½Ð¤@©wµù©ú§A­nªº¬O FreeBSD ªºª©¥»¡I
	    ¦]¬° <emphasis>Xi Graphics</emphasis> ¤]¦P®É´£¨Ñ¤F BSDI ¸ò Linux
	    ª©¥»ªº Motif¡C¥Ø«eµo¦æªºª©¥»¬O©ñ¦b¥|¶ôºÏ¤ù¤¤¡A±N¨Ó¥L­Ì·|±N©Ò¦³ªº
	    ªF¦è³£©ñ¨ì¥úºÐ¸Ì¡A´N¹³¥L­Ì©Òµo¦æªº CDE ¤@¼Ë¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="cde">
          <para>¦b­þÃä¥i§ä¨ìµ¹ FreeBSD ¥Îªº CDE¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para><link linkend="xig">Xi Graphics</link> ¥H«e¦³½æ FreeBSD ¥Îªº
	   CDE¡A¤£¹L²{¤w°±¤îµo°â¤F¡C</para>

          <para>´N³\¦h¤è­±¦Ó¨¥¡A<ulink url="http://www.kde.org/">KDE</ulink> ³o­Ó open
            source ªº®à­±Àô¹Ò»P CDE ¬Û·íÃþ¦ü¡C¦¹¥~¡A§A¥i¯à·|³ßÅw¨Ï¥Î <ulink
            url="http://www.xfce.org/">xfce</ulink>¡CKDE ¤Î xfce ³£¥i¥Ñ <ulink url="&url.base;/ports/index.html">ports
            ¾÷¨î</ulink>¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="commercial-xserver">
          <para>¦³¨S¦³­n¿ú¡A¦ý¬O°ª®Ä²vªº X servers¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦³¡A <ulink url="http://www.xig.com/">Xi Graphics</ulink>
            ¦³´£¨Ñµ¹ FreeBSD¡]©Î¨ä¥L Intel ¥­¥x¤W¡^¥Îªº X µøµ¡¥[³t²£«~¡C</para>


          <para>Xi Graphics ©Ò´£¨Ñªº°ª®Ä¯à X Server ¦³«D±`²³æªº³]©w¤è¦¡¡A
	    ¨Ã¥B¤ä´©¤F¥Ø«e¥«­±¤W·í¬õªº¦U¤j¼tµPªºÅã¥Ü¥d¡C¥¦¥uµ¹§A Binary ÀɮסA
	    ¬O¥ÎºÏ¤ùªº¤è¦¡µo¦æ¡AFreeBSD ¸ò Linux ª©¥»³£¬Û¦P¡CXi Graphics ¦P®É
	    ¤]´£¨Ñ¤F±Mªùµ¹µ§°O«¬¹q¸£¥Îªº°ª®Ä¯à X Server¡C<anchor id="xig"/></para>

          <para>5.0 ª©¦³´£¨Ñ§K¶Oªº¬Û®e <quote>demo</quote> ª©¥»</para>

          <para>Xi Graphics ¤]¦³¦b½æ FreeBSD ¥Îªº Motif ¸ò CDE¡]©¹¤W­±¬Ý¬Ý¡^¡C
	    </para>

            <variablelist>
              <varlistentry>
                <term>§ó¦hªº¸ê°T</term>
                <listitem>
                  <para><ulink url="http://www.xig.com/">
                    Xi Graphics WWW page</ulink></para>
                </listitem>
              </varlistentry>

              <varlistentry>
                <term>©Î</term>
                  <listitem>
                    <para><email>sales@xig.com</email>
                      ©Î <email>support@xig.com</email>
                      </para>
                  </listitem>
                </varlistentry>

                <varlistentry>
                  <term>©Î</term>
                  <listitem>
                    <para>phone (800) 946 7433  or +1 303 298-7478.</para>
                  </listitem>
                </varlistentry>
              </variablelist>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="database-systems">
          <para>¦b FreeBSD ¤W¦³¥ô¦óªº¸ê®Æ®w¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦³! ½Ð¬Ý FreeBSD ºô¯¸¤W <ulink
            url="../../../../commercial/software_bycat.html#CATEGORY_DATABASE">
            °Ó·~³nÅ餽¥q </ulink> ³o¤@³¡¥÷¡C</para>

          <para>ÁÙ¦³½Ð°Ñ¦Ò ports ¤¤ <ulink
            url="../../../../ports/databases.html">
            Databases</ulink> ¬ÛÃöªº¦¬¶°¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="oracle-support">
          <para>¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤W°õ¦æ Oracle ¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥i¥H¡A¤U­±³o­Óºô­¶·|»¡©ú¦p¦ó¦b FreeBSD ¤W°õ¦æ Linux
	    ª©ªº Oracle¡G</para>

            <itemizedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para><ulink
                  url="http://www.scc.nl/~marcel/howto-oracle.html">
                  http://www.scc.nl/~marcel/howto-oracle.html</ulink></para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para><ulink
                  url="http://www.lf.net/lf/pi/oracle/install-linux-oracle-on-freebsd">

                  http://www.lf.net/lf/pi/oracle/install-linux-oracle-on-freebsd</ulink></para>

              </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="applications">
    <chapterinfo>
      <author>
	<firstname>Kang-min</firstname>
	<surname>Liu</surname>
	<affiliation>
	  <address><email>gugod@gugod.org</email></address>
	</affiliation>
      </author>
    </chapterinfo>

    <title>¤@¯ëÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="user-apps">
	  <para>¶â..§Ú­n¦b­þ§ä¨ì§Ú­nªºµ{¦¡©O?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>½Ð¬Ý¬Ý <ulink url="../../../../ports/index.html">ports
	    ¥Ø¿ý</ulink> §a¡C³oÃ䦳¥÷¤w¸g port ¨ì FreeBSD ªº³nÅé¦Cªí¡C
	    ¥Ø«e¦³¶W¹L &os.numports; ­Ó³nÅé¤w¸g³Qport ¨ì FreeBSD ¤W¡A¨Ã¥B¨C¤Ñ
	    ³£¦b¼W¥[¤¤¡C©Ò¥H¦³ªÅ´N¦h¬Ý¬Ý³o¥÷¦Cªí¡A¤£µM§A¤]¥i¥H­q¾\
	    <literal>freebsd-announce</literal> <link linkend="mailing">
	    ³o¥÷ mailing list</link>¡A·|¦³¤H±N¨C­Ó¬P´Á³Ì·sªº³nÅé¦Cªí¶K¦b¤W­±¡C</para>

	  <para>¤j³¡¥÷ªº ports À³¸Ó³£¥i¥H¦b 4.X¡B5.X ¸ò 6.X ªº¨t²Î¤W¨Ï¥Î¡C
	    ¨C¦¸·í FreeBSD release ·sª©®É¡A³£·|¦³¤@¥÷ ports tree ³Q©ñ¦b³o¤@­Ó
            release cd ¸Ì­±ªº <filename>ports/</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¸Ì¡C</para>

          <para>§Ú­Ì¤]¤ä´©¤@ºØ¥s <quote>package</quote> ªº·§©À¡A°ò¥»¤W
            ´N¬O gzip À£ÁY¡B¥i¥Î¨Óµo¦æªº binary ÀɮסA¦ý¬O¸Ì­±ÂäF¤@
            ¨Ç¬Û·í¦³¥Îªº¸ê°T¡A¥i¥Hµ¹¦UºØ¦Û­q¦w¸Ë¨Ó¨Ï¥Î¡C¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤£¥²ª¾
            ¹D¬Y­Ó package ¸Ì¨s³º¦³¥]¬A­þ¨ÇÀɮסA´N¥i`¥H«Ü¤è«K¦a­«½Æ±N
            ¥¦¦w¸Ë/¤Ï¦w¸Ë¡C</para>

          <para>§A¥i¥H°õ¦æ <filename>sysinstall</filename>(&os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>) «á¡A
            ¦b post-configuration ¿ï³æ¤U¿ï¾Ü package ³o­Ó¦w¸Ë¿ï¶µ¡F©Î
            ¬O¹ï¬Y­Ó¦³¿³½ìªº package ÀÉ®×°õ¦æ &man.pkg.add.1;
	    §â¥¦¸Ë°_¨Ó¡CPackage Àɮ׳q±`¥H <filename>.tgz</filename> ©Î <filename>.tbz</filename>
	    ¬°°ÆÀɦW¡A¤â¤W¦³ FreeBSD CDROM ªº¤H¥i¥H¦b <filename>packages/All</filename> ³o­Ó¥Ø¿ý¤U§ä¨ì³oÃþÀɮסC
	    ¹ï¤£¦Pªº FreeBSD ª©¥»¡A¤]¥i¥H±q¤U¦C¦ì§}¥Ñºô¸ô¤W¨ú±o¡G</para>

          <variablelist>
            <varlistentry>
              <term>µ¹ 4.X-RELEASE/4-STABLE ¥Îªº</term>
              <listitem>
                <para><ulink
                   url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-4-stable/">
                   ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-4-stable/</ulink></para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry>
              <term>µ¹ 5.X-RELEASE/5-STABLE ¥Îªº</term>
              <listitem>
                <para><ulink
                  url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5-stable/">
                  ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5-stable</ulink></para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

  	    <varlistentry>
              <term>µ¹ 6.X-RELEASE/6-STABLE ¥Îªº</term>
              <listitem>
                <para><ulink
                  url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6-stable/">
                  ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6-stable</ulink></para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

  	    <varlistentry>
              <term>µ¹ 7-CURRENT ¥Îªº</term>
              <listitem>
                <para><ulink
                  url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-7-current/">
                  ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-7-current</ulink></para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
          </variablelist>

          <para>©Î¬OÂ÷§A³Ìªñªº mirror ¯¸¡C</para>

          <para>­nª`·Nªº¬O¡A¦]¬°·sªº port ¤@ª½¦b¼W¥[¤¤¡A©Ò¥H¨Ã¤£¬O©Ò¦³ port
	    ³£¦³¬Û¹ïÀ³ªº package¡C³Ì¦n©w®ÉÀˬd<ulink
            url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">ftp.FreeBSD.org</ulink>
            ¡A¬Ý¬Ý¦³­þ¨Ç package ¥i¥H¥Î¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="configure-inn">
          <para>¸Ó«ç»ò³]©w INN(Internet News) ¨Ó·í news server¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥H package ©Î port ¤è¦¡¨Ó¸Ë¦n <filename
            role="package">news/inn</filename> ¤§«á¡A<ulink
            url="http://www.visi.com/~barr/INN.html">Dave
            Barr's INN Page</ulink> ¬O­Ó«D±`¦nªº INN ¤Jªù³B¡A§A¥i¥H¦b¨ºÃä§ä¨ì INN ªº FAQ¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="java">
          <para>FreeBSD ¦³¤ä´© &java; ¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦³°Ú¡A½Ð¬Ý <ulink
            url="&url.base;/java/index.html">
            http://www.FreeBSD.org/java/</ulink></para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="missing-libcso30">
          <para>§Ú¥i¥H¦b­þÃä§ä¨ì libc.so.3.0?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>§A¥i¯à¦b¤@¥x 2.1.x ªº¾÷¾¹¤W¡A¶]µÛµ¹ 2.2/3.x/4.0 ªº³nÅé¡C
            ½Ð¦A©¹¤W­±¤@­Ó³¹¸`¬Ý¡A¥¿½Tªº¨ú±oµ¹§A¾÷¾¹¥Îªº port/package¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="missing-libcso40">
          <para>¬°¦ó§Ú±o¨ì¤F³o­Ó°T®§ ?<errorname>Error: can't find
            libc.so.4.0</errorname>?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
	  <para>§A¤£¤p¤ß§ì¤Fµ¹ 4.X ¤Î 5.X ¨t²Î¥Îªº package¡A¨Ã¥B¹Á¸ÕµÛ
            ¥h¸Ë¦b§Aªº 2.X ©Î 3.X ªº¨t²Î¤W­±¡C½Ð¤U¸ü¥¿½Tª©¥»ªº package¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="emul">
          <para> ghostscript ¦b§Úªº 386/486SX ¤W¦³ÂI°ÝÃD©O¡I</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>§A¨S¦³¯BÂI¹Bºâ¾¹¡A¹ï§a¡H§A¥²¶·¦b§Aªº kernel ¤¤¥[¤J¼Æ¾Ç
            ¹Bºâ¼ÒÀÀ¾¹¡A§A¥i¥H¸òµÛ¤U­±ªº¨BÆJ°µ¡A¨Ã¦b§ó§ï¹L§Aªº kernel ³]©w
	    ÀÉ«á¡A­«·s½sĶ¹L¤@¦¸¡C</para>

          <programlisting>options GPL_MATH_EMULATE</programlisting>

            <note>
	      <para>·í§A¥[¤J¤W¤@¦æªº¦P®É¡A§A¥²¶·±N
	        <literal>MATH_EMULATE</literal> ²¾°£±¼¡C</para>
            </note>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="sco-socksys">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò·í§Ú°õ¦æ SCO/iBCS2 ªºµ{¦¡®É¡A¥¦¦b
	    <errorname>socksys</errorname> ³o­Ó¦a¤è¥X¤F°ÝÃD¡H
	    (FreeBSD 3.0 ¥H¤Î§ó¦­ªºª©¥»¤~¦³¦¹°ÝÃD¡C)</para></question>

        <answer>
          <para>§A¥²¶·¥ý­×§ï <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename> (©Î¬O
            <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ½ÐŪ &man.rc.conf.5;)
            ³oÀɮ׳̫á¤@­Ó³¹¸`¡A±N¤U­±©ÒÁ¿¨ìªºÅܼƳ]¦¨
	    <literal>YES</literal>¡G</para>

          <programlisting># Set to YES if you want ibcs2 (SCO) emulation
	    loaded at startup ibcs2=NO</programlisting>

          <para>³o·|¦b¶}¾÷®É±N ibcs2 ³o¤@­Ó kernel ¼Ò²Õ¸ü¤J¡C</para>

          <para>§AÁÙ­n±N§Aªº /compat/ibcs2/dev §ï¦¨¤U­±³o¼Ë¡G</para>

	  <screen>lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel         9 Oct 15 22:20 X0R@ -&gt; /dev/null
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel         7 Oct 15 22:20 nfsd@ -&gt; socksys
-rw-rw-r--  1 root  wheel         0 Oct 28 12:02 null
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel         9 Oct 15 22:20 socksys@ -&gt; /dev/null
crw-rw-rw-  1 root  wheel   41,   1 Oct 15 22:14 spx</screen>

          <para>§A¥u»Ý­n±N socksys Âà¦V¨ì <devicename>/dev/null</devicename>
            (½ÐŪ &man.null.4;) ¥hÄF¹L open &amp; close ªº°Ê§@¡C¦b -current
	    ¸Ì­±ªº ibcs2 ¬ÛÃöµ{¦¡½X±N·|³B²z¨ä¾lªº³¡¥÷¡A³oºØ§@ªk¤ñ¥H«eªº¤è¦¡
	    °®²b¤Ó¦h¤F¡C°²¦p§A·Q­n¨Ï¥Î <devicename>spx</devicename> ¤è­±ªº
	    µ{¦¡¡A¦b§Aªº kernel ³]©wÀɸ̭± ¥[¤W<literal>SPX_HACK</literal>¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ms-frontpage">
	  <para>§Ú¸Ó¨Ï¥Î¨º­Óª©¥»ªº Microsoft FrontPage¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
          <para>Use the Port, Luke¡I¦b ports tree ¤¤¤w¸g¦³¤@­Ó¥]§t FrontPage
	    ªº Apache ª©¥»¤F¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ports-3x">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§ÚµLªk¦b 3.X-STABLE ¾÷¾¹¤W¶¶§Q½s¦n³o­Ó port?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
      	  <para>¦pªG§Aªº FreeBSD ª©¥»¬Û¸û -CURRENT ©Î -STABLE ¤§¤U¬O«Ü¥j
	    ¦­ªº¸Ü¡A©Î³\§A·|»Ý­n¤@­Ó¤É¯Å ports ªº¤u¨ã¡A¦b
	    <ulink url="../../../../ports/index.html">
	    http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/</ulink>¡C¦pªG§A¥H±N¨ä§ó·s«o¤´µL¥Î¡A
	    ¨º»ò¤@©w¬O¬Y¤H§ó°Ê¤§«á³y¦¨ -CURRENT ¤~¯à¥Î¡A-STABLE µLªk¥Îªº±¡ªp¡C
	    ¥Ñ©ó ports ¤º©Ò¦¬¶°ªº³nÅé¦b -CURRENT ©Î¬O -STABLE ¤W³£­n¯à¥Î¡A
	    ©Ò¥H½Ð¾¨³t°e¥XÃö©ó¦¹°ÝÃDªºÂγø§i¡F½Ð¨Ï¥Î &man.send-pr.1; ³o­Ó«ü
	    ¥O¨Ó°eÂγø§i¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="find-ldso">
          <para>¨º¸Ì¥i¥H§ä±o¨ì ld.so¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
          <para>¦³¨Ç a.out ®æ¦¡ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡·|»Ý­n a.out ®æ¦¡ªº¨ç¦¡®w¡A
	    Netscape Navigator ´N¬O¤@­Ó¨Ò¤l¡C¤£¹L¥Î ELF ¨ç¦¡®w½s°_¨Ó
	    ªº FreeBSD ¹w³]¨Ã¤£·|¦w¸Ëªº a.out ¨ç¦¡®w¡A©Ò¥H±z¥i¯à·|±o
	    ¨ìÃþ¦ü§ä¤£¨ì <filename>/usr/libexec/ld.so</filename> ªº©ê«è°T
            ®§¡C¦pªG»¡±zªº¨t²Î¦³³o¦w¸Ë a.out ¨ç¦¡®wªº¥²­n¡A³o¨Ç¨ç¦¡®w
	    (compat22) ¤]¯à°÷§Q¥Î &man.sysinstall.8; ¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡C©ÎªÌ§Q¥Î
	    FreeBSD ­ì©l½X¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/lib/compat/compat22</userinput>&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¦pªG§A§Æ±æ¨C¦¸ <command>make world</command> ®É·|¦Û°Ê§ó·s
            compat22 ¨ç¦¡®w¡A¨º»ò­×§ï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>¡A
            ¥[¤J <varname>COMPAT22=YES</varname>¡C³o¨Ç¬Û®e©ó¥j¦Ñª©¥»ªº¨ç¦¡®w
            ¤w¸g¨S¤°»ò¦b§ó·s¤F¡A©Ò¥H¤@¯ë»¡¨Ó¬O¤£»Ý­n³o¼Ëªº¡C</para>

          <para>¦P®É¤]½Ð±z¬Ý¤@¤U 3.1-RELEASE ©M 3.2-RELEASE ªº°É»~ªí(ERRATA)¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ports-update">
          <para>§Ú§ó·s¤F¨t²Î­ì©l½X¡A²{¦b§Ú­n«ç¼Ë¤É¯Å¬Y­Ó¤w¸g¦w¸Ë¤W
	    ªº ports ?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FreeBSD ¥»¨­¨Ã¨S¦³¦Û°Ê¤É¯Å ports ªº¤u¨ã¡A¦ý¦³¤@¨Ç¥i¥HÅý¤É¯Å
            ²¤Æ¤@¨Çªº¤pµ{¦¡¡C§A¤]¥i¥H¦Û¤v¸Ë¤WÃB¥~ªº¤u¨ã¨Ó³B²z¡C</para>

          <para>&man.pkg.version.1; «ü¥O¥i¥H¦Û°Ê²£¥Í¥Î¨Ó¹F¨ì¦Û°Ê¤É¯Å¨ì
	    ports tree ³Ì·sª©¥»ªº script¡C</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_version <option>-c</option> > <replaceable>/tmp/myscript</replaceable></userinput></screen>

          <para><emphasis>¤@©w­n</emphasis>¦b¤â°Ê­×§ï¤@¤U²£¥Í¥X¨Óªº script¡C
            ¥Ø«eªº &man.pkg.version.1; ¦b script ³Ì«e­±¥[¤J &man.exit.1; ±j
            ­¢§A¥h­×§ï¥¦¡C</para>

          <para>§AÀ³±N°õ¦æ script ©Ò²£¥Íªº¿é¥X°O¿ý¤U¨Ó¡A¦]¬°¸Ì­±·|¦³°O¸ü¬Y¨Ç
            ©|¥¼¤É¯Å¦ý¤w¸g§ó·sªº ports¡C¤£¹L§A¤£¤@©w­n¥h¤É¯Å¥¦­Ì¡C³q±`¬O¦]¬°
            ¦³¬Y­Ó¦@¥Îªº¨ç¦¡®w¤w¸g§ïÅܪ©¥»¸¹¤F¡A¤~­n¥h­«½s¤@¦¸¨º¨Ç¨Ï¥Î¨ì¸Ó¨ç
            ¦¡®wªº ports¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG§AªºµwºÐªÅ¶¡«Ü°÷¡A¨º»ò¥i¥H¥Î <command>portupgrade</command>
	    ³o­Ó¤u¨ã¨Ó°µ¥þ¦Û°Ê³B¸Ì¡C<command>portupgrade</command> ¸Ì­±¤]¦³
	    ¤@¨Ç¤pµ{¦¡¨Ó²¤Æ package ¤É¯Å¡A¥¦¦b
	    <filename role="package">sysutils/portupgrade</filename>¡C
	    ³o­Ó¤u¨ã¬O¥Î Ruby ³o­Ó»y¨¥¼gªº¡A©Ò¥H¨Ã¤£¾A¦X¥[¤J¨ì FreeBSD ªº­ì
	    ©l½X¤¤¡A¤£¹L¨Ã¤£·|¦]¦¹Åý¬Y¨Ç¤H¤£¥Î¥¦¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG§Aªº¨t²Î¤@ª½³£³B©ó¶}¾÷ª¬ºA¡A¥i§Q¥Î &man.periodic.8; ¨t²Î¡A
            ¨C­Ó¬P´Á²£¥Í¤@±i»Ý­n¤É¯Åªº²M³æ¡C¥u­n¦b
            <filename>/etc/periodic.conf</filename> ¥[¤J
            <literal>weekly_status_pkg_enable="YES"</literal> ´N¥i¥H¤F¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="minima-sh">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò <command>/bin/sh</command>³o»òªº¤p¡H¬°¤°»ò FreeBSD
            ¤£§ï¥Î <command>bash</command> ©ÎªÌ¬O¨ä¥L¤ñ¸û±j®«ªº shell¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦]¬° POSIX »¡¡A¸Ó­n¦³³o»ò¼Ëªº¤@­Ó shell ¦b¤~¦æ¡C</para>

          <para>¤ñ¸ûÁcº¾ªºµª®×¡G³\¦h¤H»Ý­n¼g¥i¥H¸ó«Ü¦h¥­¥xªº shell script ¡C
            ³o¤]¬O¬°¦ó POSIX ±N shell ¥H¤Î¤u¨ã©RºÙ³£©w¸qªº«D±`¸Ô²Óªº½t¬G¡C
            ¤j³¡¥÷ªº script ³£¾A¥Î©ó Bourne shell¡A¤S¦]¬°¦³´X­Ó­«­nªº
            ¼gµ{¦¡©Ò¥Î¨ìªºµ{¦¡©ÎªÌ¨ç¦¡ (&man.make.1; , &man.system.3;,
            &man.popen.3;, ÁÙ¦³¦b Perl ©ÎªÌ Tcl ¸Ì­±©I¥s¨t²Îµ{¦¡ªº¦a¤è)
            ³£«ü©w¥Î Bourne shell ¡C¨º»ò¦]¬° Bourne Shell ¦p¦¹ªº¼sªx±`¥Î¡A
            ¨º»ò¥¦ªº°õ¦æ®Ä²v«K«Ü­«­n¡A§Ö³t¬O¥¦¨M©w©Êªº­nÂI¤§¤@¡AÁÙ­n¤£¦û¤Ó¦h
            °O¾ÐÅé¡C</para>

          <para>¥Ø«eªº <command>/bin/sh</command> ¤w¬O§Ú­Ì¹Ã¤ßÃw¦å¤§§@¡A¥¦¤w
            ¸gºÉ¶q¦a²Å¦X¼Ð·Ç³W©w¡C¬°¤FÅý¥¦«D±`¤p¡A§Ú­Ì®³±¼¤F¤@¨Ç¨ä¥L shell
            ¦³ªº¤è«K¥\¯à¡C³o¤]¬O¬°¤°»ò ports ¸Ì­±ÁÙ¦³«Ü¦h±j®«ªº shell ¡A¹³¬O
            bash, scsh, tcsh ¥H¤Î zsh ¡C (§A¥i¥H¦Û¤v¤ñ¸û¤@¤U³o¨Ç shell °õ¦æ
            ®É©Ò¦ûªº°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¡A¥h¬Ý¬Ý <command>ps -u</command> ¦C¥X¨Óªº
            <quote>VSZ</quote> ©M <quote>RSS</quote> ³o¨â­ÓÄæ¦ì´Nª¾¹D¤F¡C)
            </para>
         </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="netscape-slow-startup">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò Netscape ©M Opera ­nªá¦n¤[ªº®É¶¡¤~¯à±Ò°Ê¡H</para>
      </question>

      <answer>
        <para>³q±`¬O¦]¬°§Aªº DNS ¨S¦³³]©w¦n¡C Netscape ¸ò Opera ¦b±Ò°Êªº®É­Ô
	  ³£·|¥hÀˬd¤@¤U DNS¡Cª½¨ì DNS ¦³¦^À³¡A©ÎªÌ¬OÂ_©wºô¸ô¥Ø«e¬OÂ_½u¤§«á¡A
	  ¥¦­Ì¤~·|Åã¥Üµe­±¥X¨Ó¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </chapter>


  <chapter id="kernelconfig">
    <chapterinfo>
      <author>
	<firstname>Kang-min</firstname>
	<surname>Liu</surname>
	<affiliation>
	  <address><email>gugod@gugod.org</email></address>
	</affiliation>
      </author>
    </chapterinfo>

    <title>kernel ³]©w</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-kernel">
          <para>§Ú·Q¦Û­q kernel¡A³o·|«Ü§xÃø¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¤£·|¡I½Ð¬d¾\ <ulink url="../../handbook/kernelconfig.html">
            ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤¤ªº kernel ³]©w¤@¸`</ulink>¡C</para>

            <note>
              <para>§Ú·|«Øij§A¦b§AÅý®Ö¤ß¯à¥¿±`¤u§@«á¡A°µ¤@­Ó
	        <filename>kernel.YYMMDD</filename> ¤é´Á§Î¦¡ªº³Æ¥÷¡A¦P®É¤]³Æ¥÷
		<filename>/module</filename>³o­Ó¥Ø¿ý¦Ü
		<filename>/modules.YYMMDD</filename>¡C³o¼Ë¤U¦¸¦pªG§A«Ü¤£©¯ªºª±
		Ãa¤F³]©w¡A¦Ü¤Ö¥i¥H¤£»Ý­n¨Ï¥Î³Ì­ì©lªº
		<filename>kernel.GENERIC</filename>¡C¦p§A¥¿±q¤@­Ó GENERIC
		kernel ¸Ì­±¤£¤ä´©ªº±±¨î¾¹¸Ì±Ò°Ê®É¡A³o´NÅã±o¯S§O­«­n¡C</para>
            </note>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="missing-hw-float">
          <para>§Úªº®Ö¤ß¦]¬° <literal>_hw_float</literal>¿ò¥¢¦Ó½sĶ¥¢±Ñ¡C
	    ¸Ó«ç»ò­×¥¿©O¡H</para>
	</question>

        <answer>
          <para>Åý§Ú²q¬Ý¬Ý¡A§A§â <devicename>npx0</devicename>
	    (¸Ô¨£ &man.npx.4;) ±q§Aªº kernel ³]©wÀɲ¾°£¤F¡A¦]¬°§A¨S¦³¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¾¹¡A
	    ¹ï¶Ü¡H¿ù¤F¡I:-) ³o­Ó <devicename>npx0</devicename>¬O
	    <emphasis>¥²¶·­n¦³ªº</emphasis>¡C´Nºâ§A¨S¦³¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¾¹¡A§AÁÙ¬O
	    <emphasis>¥²¶·</emphasis> ¤Þ¤J <devicename>npx0</devicename> ¸Ë¸m¡C
	    </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="why-kernel-big">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò³y¥X¨Óªº kernel ³o»ò¤j (10MB ¥H¤W) ¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o«Ü¦³¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°¡A§A§â kernel ½s¦¨ <emphasis>°»¿ù¼Ò¦¡</emphasis>
	    ¤F¡C°»¿ù¼Ò¦¡¤§¤Uªº kernel ¸Ì­±·|¦sµÛ°»¿ù¥Îªº³\¦h²Å¸¹¡A¦]¦¹·|¤j´T
	    ¼W¥[ kernel ªº¤j¤p¡C¦pªG»¡§Aªº FreeBSD ¬O 3.0 ¥H«áªºª©¥»¡A³o¹ï©ó
	    ®Ä¯à¨Ó»¡¼vÅT¨Ã¤£¤j¡A´X¥G¬O¨S¦³¡C¦Ó¦b¨t²Î·|¦]¬Y¨Ç­ì¦] panic ®É¡A
	    ¦³­Ó°»¿ù¼Ò¦¡ªº kernel ¦b¤]®¼¦³¥Îªº¡C</para>

          <para>¤£¹L©O¡A¦pªG§AªººÏºÐªÅ¶¡«Ü¤p¡A©ÎªÌ§A´N¬O¤£·Q¥Î°»¿ù¼Ò¦¡ªº
	    kernel ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð½T»{¥H¤U¨Æ±¡¡G</para>

          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>kernel ³]©wÀɸ̭±¨S¦³³o¤@¦æ¡G</para>

              <programlisting>makeoptions DEBUGS=-g </programlisting>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>°õ¦æ &man.config.8; ®É¨S¦³¥[¤W <option>-g</option>
	        ³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¡C</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>

          <para>¥H¤W¨â¥ó¨Æ±¡³£·|Åý§A½s¥X¤@­Ó°»¿ù¼Ò¦¡ªº kernel¡C¦ý¥u­nÁקK¤§¡A
	    ´N¥i¥H½s¥X¤@­Ó¥¿±`ªº kernel¡A¦Ó§A¤]·|ª`·N¨ì¡Akernel ©úÅ㪺Åܤp¤F¡F
	    ¤j³¡¥÷ªº kernel ³£®t¤£¦h¦b 1.5MB ¨ì 2MB ¤§¶¡¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="multiport-serial-interrupts">
          <para>¬°¦ó¥X²{¤F multi-port serial code ªº¤¤Â_½Ä¬ð¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>·í§Ú½sĶ¤@­Ó multi-port serial code ªº®Ö¤ß®É¡A¥¦§i¶D§Ú¥u¦³
	    ²Ä¤@­Ó³Q°»´ú¨ì¡A¨ä¥Lªº«h¦]¤¤Â_½Ä¬ð¦Ó¸õ¹L¤F¡A§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò­×¥¿¥¦¡H</para>

          <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃD¬O¦]¬° FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤º«Øµ{¦¡½XÁקK¦]¬°µwÅé©Î³nÅé½Ä¬ð
	    ¾É­P kernel ¹L©óªÎ¤j©ÎµL¥Î¡C­n­×¥¿³oºØ±¡§Îªº¤èªk¬O°£¤F¤@­Ó port
	    ¥~§â¨ä¥L©Ò¦³ªº IRQ ³]©w³£°µ«O¯d¡C³o¸Ì¦³¤@­Ó½d¨Ò¡G</para>

          <programlisting>#
# Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS
#
device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr
device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr</programlisting>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="generic-kernel-build-failure">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤@­Ó kernel ³£½s¤£°_¨Ó¡H¬Æ¦Ü GENERIC ¤]¤£¦æ¡H</para>
	</question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o¦³«Ü¦hºØ¥i¯àªº­ì¦]¡G</para>

          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>§A¨S¦³¥Î·sªº <command>make buildkernel</command> »P
	        <command>make installkernel</command> ³o¨â­Ó¤èªk¨Ó½s¡A¦Ó¥¿¦n
		§Aªº¨t²Î­ì©l½Xªºª©¥»©M¥¿¦b°õ¦æªº¨t²Î®Ö¤ßª©¥»¤£¤@¼Ë (¹³¬O¡A
		¦b¶] 4.0-RELEASE ªº¨t²Î¤W¹Á¸ÕµÛ½s 4.3-RELEASE)¡C¦pªG»¡§A­n¤É
		¯Å¨t²Îªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°È¥²¥h¬Ý¬Ý <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>
		³o­ÓÀɮסA¯S§Oª`·N³Ì«á­±ªº <quote>COMMON ITEMS</quote>
		³o­Ó¤p¸`¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>§A¤w¸g¥Î¤W <command>make buildkernel</command> ¥H¤Î
	        <command>make installkernel</command> ¤F¡A¦ý¬O¦b
		<command>make buildworld</command> ®É¥¢±Ñ¤F¡C¥i±¤ªº¬O¡A
		<command>make buildkernel</command> ­n¦¨¥\¡A»Ý­n¨Ì¿à
		<command>make buildworld</command> «á³y¥X¨Óªº¤@¨ÇÀɮסC</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>´Nºâ¬O§A¦b½s <link linkend="stable">&os.stable;</link>¡A
	        ÁÙ¬O¦³¥i¯à§A§ì¨ì¤F¥¿¦b­×§ï¤¤¡A©ÎµÛ¦]¬°¬Y¨Ç½t¬G¦Ó®Ú¥»ÁÙ¨S§ï¦n
		ªº­ì©l½X¡FÁöµM»¡ <link linkend="stable">&os.stable;</link>
		¤j³¡¥÷ªº®É­Ô³£¬O¥i¥H½sªº¡A¦ý¥u¦³ RELEASE ¤~¬O«OÃÒ¥i¥H½sªº¡C¸I
		¨ì³o­Ó°ÝÃD®É¡A¦A¦¸§ó·s­ì©l½X¨Ã¥B¦A¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¡C¤]¦³¥i¯à¬O©ñ­ì©l½Xªº
		¦øªA¾¹¥X²{¬Y¨Ç°ÝÃD¡A©Ò¥H§ó·s­ì©l½X®É¤]¸Õ¸Õ±q¤£¦P¦øªA¾¹¨Ó§ó·s¬Ý
		¬Ý¡C</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="disks">
    <title>µwºÐ¡BÀɮרt²Î¡BBoot Loader</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="new-huge-disk">
          <para>§Ú­n«ç»ò§â§Úªº¨t²Î·h¨ì·sµwºÐ¤W­±¥h¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>²z·Qªº¤è¦¡¬O¥ý¦b·sµwºÐ¤W­«¸Ë¦n§@·~¨t²Î¡AµM«á§â¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¬ÛÃöµ{¦¡¡B¸ê®Æ·h¹L¥h´N¦n¡C
            This is highly
            recommended if you have been tracking -STABLE for more
            than one release, or have updated a release instead of
            installing a new one.  You can install booteasy on both
            disks with &man.boot0cfg.8;, and dual boot them until
            you are happy with the new configuration.  Skip the
            next paragraph to find out how to move the data after
            doing this.</para>

          <para>Should you decide not to do a fresh install, you
            need to partition and label the new disk with either
            <filename>sysinstall</filename>(&os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>), or &man.fdisk.8;
            and &man.disklabel.8;.  You should also install booteasy
            on both disks with &man.boot0cfg.8;, so that you can
            dual boot to the old or new system after the copying
            is done.</para>

          <para>Now you have the new disk set up, and are ready
            to move the data.  Unfortunately, you cannot just blindly
            copy the data.  Things like device files (in
	    <filename>/dev</filename>), flags, and links tend to
            screw that up.  You need to use tools that understand
            these things, which means &man.dump.8;.
            Although it is suggested that you move the data in single user
            mode, it is not required.</para>

          <para>You should never use anything but &man.dump.8; and
            &man.restore.8; to move the root filesystem.  The
            &man.tar.1; command may work - then again, it may not.
            You should also use &man.dump.8; and &man.restore.8;
            if you are moving a single partition to another empty
            partition.  The sequence of steps to use dump to move
            a partitions data to a new partition is:</para>

          <procedure>
            <step>
              <para>newfs the new partition.</para>
            </step>

            <step>
              <para>mount it on a temporary mount point.</para>
            </step>

            <step>
              <para>cd to that directory.</para>
            </step>

            <step>
              <para>dump the old partition, piping output to the
                new one.</para>
            </step>
          </procedure>

          <para>For example, if you are going to move root to
            <devicename>/dev/ad1s1a</devicename>, with
            <filename>/mnt</filename> as the temporary mount point,
            it is:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ad1s1a</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ad1s1a /mnt</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /mnt</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>dump 0af - / | restore xf -</userinput></screen>

          <para>Rearranging your partitions with dump takes a bit more
            work. To merge a partition like <filename>/var</filename>
            into its parent, create the new partition large enough
            for both, move the parent partition as described above,
            then move the child partition into the empty directory
            that the first move created:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ad1s1a</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ad1s1a /mnt</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /mnt</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>dump 0af - / | restore xf -</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd var</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>dump 0af - /var | restore xf -</userinput></screen>

	  <para>To split a directory from its parent, say putting
	    <filename>/var</filename> on its own partition when it was not
	    before, create both partitions, then mount the child partition
	    on the appropriate directory in the temporary mount point, then
	    move the old single partition:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ad1s1a</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ad1s1d</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ad1s1a /mnt</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /mnt/var</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ad1s1d /mnt/var</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /mnt</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>dump 0af - / | restore xf -</userinput></screen>

          <para>You might prefer &man.cpio.1;, &man.pax.1;,
            &man.tar.1; to &man.dump.8; for user data. At the time of
            this writing, these are known to lose file flag information,
            so use them with caution.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="dangerously-dedicated">
          <para>Will a <quote>dangerously dedicated</quote> disk endanger
            my health?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

          <para><anchor id="dedicate"/>The installation procedure allows
            you to chose two different methods in partitioning your
            hard disk(s). The default way makes it compatible with other
            operating systems on the same machine, by using fdisk table
            entries (called <quote>slices</quote> in FreeBSD), with a
            FreeBSD slice that employs partitions of its own. Optionally,
            one can chose to install a boot-selector to switch between the
            possible operating systems on the disk(s). The alternative uses
            the entire disk for FreeBSD, and makes no attempt to be
            compatible with other operating systems.</para>

          <para>So why it is called <quote>dangerous</quote>?  A disk
            in this mode does not contain what normal PC utilities
            would consider a valid fdisk table. Depending on how well
            they have been designed, they might complain at you once
            they are getting in contact with such a disk, or even
            worse, they might damage the BSD bootstrap without even
            asking or notifying you. In addition, the
            <quote>dangerously dedicated</quote> disk's layout is
            known to confuse many BIOSes, including those from AWARD
            (e.g. as found in HP Netserver and Micronics systems as
            well as many others) and Symbios/NCR (for the popular
            53C8xx range of SCSI controllers). This is not a complete
            list, there are more. Symptoms of this confusion include
            the <errorname>read error</errorname> message printed by
            the FreeBSD bootstrap when it cannot find itself, as well
            as system lockups when booting.</para>

          <para>Why have this mode at all then?  It only saves a few kbytes
            of disk space, and it can cause real problems for a new
            installation. <quote>Dangerously dedicated</quote> mode's
            origins lie in a desire to avoid one of the most common
            problems plaguing new FreeBSD installers - matching the BIOS
            <quote>geometry</quote> numbers for a disk to the disk
            itself.</para>

          <para><quote>Geometry</quote> is an outdated concept, but one
            still at the heart of the PC's BIOS and its interaction with
            disks. When the FreeBSD installer creates slices, it has to
            record the location of these slices on the disk in a fashion
            that corresponds with the way the BIOS expects to find them. If
            it gets it wrong, you will not be able to boot.</para>

          <para><quote>Dangerously dedicated</quote> mode tries to work
            around this by making the problem simpler. In some cases, it
            gets it right. But it is meant to be used as a last-ditch
            alternative - there are better ways to solve the problem 99
            times out of 100.</para>

          <para>So, how do you avoid the need for <quote>DD</quote> mode
            when you are installing? Start by making a note of the geometry
            that your BIOS claims to be using for your disks. You can
            arrange to have the kernel print this as it boots by specifying
            <option>-v</option> at the <literal>boot:</literal> prompt, or
            using <command>boot -v</command> in the loader. Just before the
            installer starts, the kernel will print a list of BIOS
            geometries. Do not panic - wait for the installer to start and
            then use scrollback to read the numbers. Typically the BIOS
            disk units will be in the same order that FreeBSD lists your
            disks, first IDE, then SCSI.</para>

          <para>When you are slicing up your disk, check that the disk
            geometry displayed in the FDISK screen is correct (ie. it
            matches the BIOS numbers); if it is wrong, use the
            <keycap>g</keycap> key to fix it. You may have to do this if
            there is absolutely nothing on the disk, or if the disk has been
            moved from another system. Note that this is only an issue with
            the disk that you are going to boot from; FreeBSD will sort
            itself out just fine with any other disks you may have.</para>

          <para>Once you have got the BIOS and FreeBSD agreeing about the
            geometry of the disk, your problems are almost guaranteed to be
            over, and with no need for <quote>DD</quote> mode at all. If,
            however, you are still greeted with the dreaded <errorname>read
            error</errorname> message when you try to boot, it is time to cross
            your fingers and go for it - there is nothing left to
            lose.</para>

          <para>To return a <quote>dangerously dedicated</quote> disk
            for normal PC use, there are basically two options. The first
            is, you write enough NULL bytes over the MBR to make any
            subsequent installation believe this to be a blank disk. You
            can do this for example with</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda0 count=15</userinput></screen>

          <para>Alternatively, the undocumented DOS
            <quote>feature</quote></para>

          <screen><prompt>C:\&gt;</prompt> <userinput>fdisk /mbr</userinput></screen>

          <para>will to install a new master boot record as well, thus
            clobbering the BSD bootstrap.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="safe-softupdates">
          <para>Which partitions can safely use Soft Updates?  I have
            heard that Soft Updates on <filename>/</filename> can cause
            problems.</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Short answer: you can usually use Soft Updates safely
            on all partitions.</para>

          <para>Long answer: There used to be some concern over using
            Soft Updates on the root partition.  Soft Updates has two
            characteristics that caused this.  First, a Soft Updates
            partition has a small chance of losing data during a
            system crash.  (The partition will not be corrupted; the
            data will simply be lost.)  Also, Soft Updates can cause
            temporary space shortages.</para>

          <para>When using Soft Updates, the kernel can take up to
            thirty seconds to actually write changes to the physical
            disk.  If you delete a large file, the file still resides
            on disk until the kernel actually performs the deletion.
            This can cause a very simple race condition.  Suppose you
            delete one large file and immediately create another large
            file.  The first large file is not yet actually removed
            from the physical disk, so the disk might not have enough
            room for the second large file.  You get an error that the
            partition does not have enough space, although you know
            perfectly well that you just released a large chunk of
            space!  When you try again mere seconds later, the file
            creation works as you expect.  This has left more than one
            user scratching his head and doubting his sanity, the
            FreeBSD filesystem, or both.</para>

          <para>If a system should crash after the kernel accepts a
            chunk of data for writing to disk, but before that data is
            actually written out, data could be lost or corrupted.
            This risk is extremely small, but generally manageable.
            Use of IDE write caching greatly increases this risk; it
            is strongly recommended that you disable IDE write caching
            when using Soft Updates.</para>

          <para>These issues affect all partitions using Soft Updates.
            So, what does this mean for the root partition?</para>

          <para>Vital information on the root partition changes very
            rarely.  Files such as <filename>/kernel</filename> and
            the contents of <filename>/etc</filename> only change
            during system maintenance, or when users change their
            passwords.  If the system crashed during the
            thirty-second window after such a change is made, it is
            possible that data could be lost.  This risk is negligible
            for most applications, but you should be aware that it
            exists.  If your system cannot tolerate this much risk,
            do not use Soft Updates on the root filesystem!</para>

          <para><filename>/</filename> is traditionally one of the
            smallest partitions.  By default, FreeBSD puts the
            <filename>/tmp</filename> directory on
            <filename>/</filename>.  If you have a busy
            <filename>/tmp</filename>, you might see intermittent
            space problems.  Symlinking <filename>/tmp</filename> to
            <filename>/var/tmp</filename> will solve this
            problem.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="inappropriate-ccd">
          <para>What is inappropriate about my ccd?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>The symptom of this is:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ccdconfig -C</userinput>
ccdconfig: ioctl (CCDIOCSET): /dev/ccd0c: Inappropriate file type or format</screen>

          <para>This usually happens when you are trying to concatenate
            the <literal>c</literal> partitions, which default to type
            <literal>unused</literal>. The ccd driver requires the
            underlying partition type to be FS_BSDFFS. Edit the disklabel
            of the disks you are trying to concatenate and change the types
            of partitions to <literal>4.2BSD</literal>.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ccd-disklabel">
          <para>Why can I not edit the disklabel on my ccd?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>The symptom of this is:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel ccd0</userinput>
(it prints something sensible here, so let us try to edit it)
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -e ccd0</userinput>
(edit, save, quit)
disklabel: ioctl DIOCWDINFO: No disk label on disk;
use "disklabel -r" to install initial label</screen>

          <para>This is because the disklabel returned by ccd is actually
            a <quote>fake</quote> one that is not really on the disk.
            You can solve this problem by writing it back explicitly,
            as in:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel ccd0 &gt; /tmp/disklabel.tmp</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -Rr ccd0 /tmp/disklabel.tmp</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -e ccd0</userinput>
(this will work now)</screen>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="mount-foreign-fs">
          <para>Can I mount other foreign filesystems under FreeBSD?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
	  <para>FreeBSD supports a variety of other
	    filesystems.</para>

          <variablelist>
            <varlistentry>
              <term>Digital UNIX</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>UFS CDROMs can be mounted directly on FreeBSD.
                  Mounting disk partitions from Digital UNIX and other
                  systems that support UFS may be more complex, depending
                  on the details of the disk partitioning for the operating
                  system in question.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term>&linux;</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>FreeBSD supports <literal>ext2fs</literal>
                  partitions.  See &man.mount.ext2fs.8; for more
                  information.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term>&windowsnt;</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>FreeBSD includes a read-only NTFS driver.  For
		  more information, see &man.mount.ntfs.8;.
                </para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry>
	      <term>FAT</term>

	      <listitem>
		<para>FreeBSD includes a read-write FAT driver.  For
                  more information, see &man.mount.msdosfs.8;.</para>
		</listitem>
	      </varlistentry>
          </variablelist>

          <para>FreeBSD also supports network filesystems such as NFS
            (see &man.mount.nfs.8;), NetWare (see &man.mount.nwfs.8;),
            and Microsoft-style SMB filesystems (see
            &man.mount.smbfs.8;).</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="mount-dos">
          <para>How do I mount a secondary DOS partition?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

        <para>The secondary DOS partitions are found after ALL the
          primary partitions. For example, if you have an
          <quote>E</quote> partition as the second DOS partition on
          the second SCSI drive, you need to create the special files
          for <quote>slice 5</quote> in <filename>/dev</filename>,
          then mount <devicename>/dev/da1s5</devicename>:</para>

        <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV da1s5</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t msdos /dev/da1s5 /dos/e</userinput></screen>

        <note>
	  <para>You can omit this step if you are running FreeBSD
	    5.0-RELEASE or newer with &man.devfs.5;
	    enabled.</para>
	</note>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="crypto-filesystem">
          <para>&os; ¦³ÀÉ®×¥[±K¨t²Î¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

          <para>¦³°Ú¡I  FreeBSD 5.0 °_¤º«Ø &man.gbde.8;¡A¦Ó FreeBSD 6.0
            ¤S¥[¤W &man.geli.8;¡C  ¦Ó¸û¦­´Áªºª©¥»¡A½Ð¦h§Q¥Î <filename
            role="package">security/cfs</filename> port¡AÁÂÁ¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="nt-bootloader">
          <para>How can I use the &windowsnt; loader to boot FreeBSD?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>The general idea is that you copy the first sector of your
            native root FreeBSD partition into a file in the DOS/&windowsnt;
            partition. Assuming you name that file something like
            <filename>c:\bootsect.bsd</filename> (inspired by
            <filename>c:\bootsect.dos</filename>), you can then edit the
            <filename>c:\boot.ini</filename> file to come up with something
            like this:</para>

          <programlisting>[boot loader]
timeout=30
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS
[operating systems]
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Windows NT"
C:\BOOTSECT.BSD="FreeBSD"
C:\="DOS"</programlisting>

          <para>If FreeBSD is installed on the same disk as the &windowsnt; boot
            partition simply copy <filename>/boot/boot1</filename> to
            <filename>C:\BOOTSECT.BSD</filename>. However, if FreeBSD is
            installed on a different disk <filename>/boot/boot1</filename>
            will not work, <filename>/boot/boot0</filename> is needed.</para>

          <para><filename>/boot/boot0</filename> needs to be installed
            using sysinstall(&os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>) by selecting the FreeBSD boot manager on
            the screen which asks if you wish to use a boot
            manager. This is because <filename>/boot/boot0</filename>
            has the partition table area filled with NULL characters
            but sysinstall copies the partition table before copying
            <filename>/boot/boot0</filename> to the MBR.</para>

            <warning>
              <para><emphasis>Do not simply copy <filename>/boot/boot0</filename>
                instead of <filename>/boot/boot1</filename>; you will
                overwrite your partition table and render your computer
                un-bootable!</emphasis></para>
            </warning>

          <para>When the FreeBSD boot manager runs it records the last
            OS booted by setting the active flag on the partition table
            entry for that OS and then writes the whole 512-bytes of itself
            back to the MBR so if you just copy
            <filename>/boot/boot0</filename> to
            <filename>C:\BOOTSECT.BSD</filename> then it writes an empty
            partition table, with the active flag set on one entry, to the
            MBR.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="lilo-bootloader">
          <para>How do I boot FreeBSD and &linux; from LILO?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>If you have FreeBSD and &linux; on the same disk, just follow
            LILO's installation instructions for booting a non-&linux;
            operating system.  Very briefly, these are:</para>

          <para>Boot &linux;, and add the following lines to
            <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename>:</para>

            <programlisting>other=/dev/hda2
        table=/dev/hda
        label=FreeBSD</programlisting>

          <para>(the above assumes that your FreeBSD slice is known to
            &linux; as <devicename>/dev/hda2</devicename>; tailor to
            suit your setup).  Then, run <command>lilo</command> as
            <username>root</username> and you should be done.</para>

          <para>If FreeBSD resides on another disk, you need to add
            <literal>loader=/boot/chain.b</literal> to the LILO entry.
            For example:</para>

          <programlisting>other=/dev/dab4
        table=/dev/dab
        loader=/boot/chain.b
        label=FreeBSD</programlisting>

          <para>In some cases you may need to specify the BIOS drive number
            to the FreeBSD boot loader to successfully boot off the second
            disk.  For example, if your FreeBSD SCSI disk is probed by BIOS
            as BIOS disk 1, at the FreeBSD boot loader prompt you need to
            specify:</para>

          <screen>Boot: <userinput>1:da(0,a)/kernel</userinput></screen>

          <para>You can configure
            &man.boot.8;
            to automatically do this for you at boot time.</para>

          <para>The <ulink
            url="http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Linux+FreeBSD.html">
            &linux;+FreeBSD mini-HOWTO</ulink> is a good reference for
            FreeBSD and &linux; interoperability issues.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="booteasy-loader">
          <para>How do I boot FreeBSD and &linux; using BootEasy?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Install LILO at the start of your &linux; boot partition
            instead of in the Master Boot Record.   You can then boot LILO
            from BootEasy.</para>

          <para>If you are running &windows; 95 and &linux; this is recommended
            anyway, to make it simpler to get &linux; booting again if you
            should need to reinstall &windows; 95 (which is a Jealous
            Operating System, and will bear no other Operating Systems in
            the Master Boot Record).</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="changing-bootprompt">
          <para>How do I change the boot prompt from <literal>???</literal> to
            something more meaningful?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>You can not do that with the standard boot manager without
            rewriting it. There are a number of other boot managers
            in the <filename>sysutils</filename> ports category that
            provide this functionality.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="removable-drives">
          <para>I have a new removable drive, how do I use it?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

          <para>Whether it is a removable drive like a &iomegazip; or an EZ drive
            (or even a floppy, if you want to use it that way), or a new
            hard disk, once it is installed and recognized by the system,
            and you have your cartridge/floppy/whatever slotted in, things
            are pretty much the same for all devices.</para>

          <para>(this section is based on <ulink
            url="http://www.vmunix.com/mark/FreeBSD/ZIP-FAQ.html">
            Mark Mayo's ZIP FAQ</ulink>)</para>

          <para>If it is a ZIP drive or a floppy, you have already got a DOS
            filesystem on it, you can use a command like this:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t msdos /dev/fd0c /floppy</userinput></screen>

          <para>if it is a floppy, or this:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t msdos /dev/da2s4 /zip</userinput></screen>

          <para>for a ZIP disk with the factory configuration.</para>

          <para>For other disks, see how they are laid out using
            &man.fdisk.8; or
            &man.sysinstall.8;.</para>

          <para>The rest of the examples will be for a ZIP drive on da2,
            the third SCSI disk.</para>

          <para>Unless it is a floppy, or a removable you plan on sharing
            with other people, it is probably a better idea to stick a BSD
            filesystem on it. You will get long filename support, at least a
            2X improvement in performance, and a lot more stability. First,
            you need to redo the DOS-level partitions/filesystems. You can
            either use &man.fdisk.8; or
            <filename>sysinstall</filename>(&os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>), or for a small drive
            that you do not want to bother with multiple operating system
            support on, just blow away the whole FAT partition table
            (slices) and just use the BSD partitioning:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda2 count=2</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -Brw da2 auto</userinput></screen>

          <para>You can use disklabel or
            <filename>sysinstall</filename> to create multiple BSD
            partitions. You will certainly want to do this if you are adding
            swap space on a fixed disk, but it is probably irrelevant on a
            removable drive like a ZIP.</para>

          <para>Finally, create a new filesystem, this one is on our ZIP
            drive using the whole disk:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/rda2c</userinput></screen>

          <para>and mount it:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/da2c /zip</userinput></screen>

          <para>and it is probably a good idea to add a line like this
            to <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> (see &man.fstab.5;) so
            you can just type <command>mount /zip</command> in the
            future:</para>

          <programlisting>/dev/da2c /zip ffs rw,noauto 0 0</programlisting>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="mount-cd-superblock">
          <para>Why do I get <errorname>Incorrect super block</errorname> when
            mounting a CDROM?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>You have to tell &man.mount.8; the type of the device
            that you want to mount.  This is described in the <ulink
            url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html"> Handbook section on
            optical media</ulink>, specifically the section <ulink
            url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#MOUNTING-CD">Using Data
            CDs</ulink>.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="cdrom-not-configured">
          <para>Why do I get <errorname>Device not
            configured</errorname> when mounting a CDROM?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>This generally means that there is no CDROM in the
            CDROM drive, or the drive is not visible on the
            bus. Please see the <ulink
            url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#MOUNTING-CD">Using Data
            CDs</ulink> section of the Handbook for a detailed
            discussion of this issue.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="cdrom-unicode-filenames">
          <para>Why do all non-English characters in filenames show up as
            <quote>?</quote> on my CDs when mounted in FreeBSD?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Your CDROM probably uses the <quote>Joliet</quote>
            extension for storing information about files and
            directories.  This is discussed in the Handbook chapter on
            <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html">creating and
            using CDROMs</ulink>, specifically the section on <ulink
            url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#MOUNTING-CD">Using Data
            CDROMs</ulink>.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="burncd-isofs">
          <para>I burned a CD under FreeBSD and now I can not read it
            under any other operating system. Why?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>You most likely burned a raw file to your CD, rather
            than creating an ISO 9660 filesystem.  Take a look at the
            <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html">Handbook
            chapter on creating CDROMs</ulink>, particularly the
            section on <ulink
            url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#RAWDATA-CD">burning raw
            data CDs</ulink>.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="copy-cd">
          <para>How can I create an image of a data CD?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>This is discussed in the Handbook section on <ulink
            url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#IMAGING-CD">duplicating
            data CDs</ulink>. For more on working with CDROMs, see the
            <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html">Creating CDs
            Section</ulink> in the Storage chapter in the
            Handbook.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="mount-audio-CD">
          <para>Why can I not <command>mount</command> an audio
          CD?</para>
         </question>

        <answer>
          <para>If you try to mount an audio CD, you will get an error
            like <errorname>cd9660: /dev/acd0c: Invalid
            argument</errorname>.  This is because
            <command>mount</command> only works on filesystems.  Audio
            CDs do not have filesystems; they just have data.  You
            need a program that reads audio CDs, such as the
            <filename role="package">audio/xmcd</filename> port.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="multi-session-CD">
          <para>How do I <command>mount</command> a multi-session CD?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>By default, &man.mount.8; will attempt to mount the
            last data track (session) of a CD.  If you would like to
            load an earlier session, you must use the
            <option>-s</option> command line argument.  Please see
            &man.mount.cd9660.8; for specific examples.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="user-floppymount">
          <para>How do I let ordinary users mount floppies, CDROMs and
            other removable media?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Ordinary users can be permitted to mount devices. Here is
            how:</para>

          <procedure>
            <step>
              <para>As <username>root</username> set the sysctl variable
                <varname>vfs.usermount</varname> to
                <literal>1</literal>.</para>

              <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl -w vfs.usermount=1</userinput></screen>
            </step>

            <step>
              <para>As <username>root</username> assign the appropriate
                permissions to the block device associated with the
                removable media.</para>

              <para>For example, to allow users to mount the first floppy
                drive, use:</para>

              <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 666 /dev/fd0</userinput></screen>

              <para>To allow users in the group
                <groupname>operator</groupname> to mount the CDROM drive,
                use:</para>

              <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chgrp operator /dev/acd0c</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 640 /dev/acd0c</userinput></screen>
            </step>

	    <step>
	      <para>If you are running &os; 5.X or later, you will need to alter
		<filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename> to make these changes
		permanent across reboots.</para>

	      <para>As <username>root</username>, add the necessary lines to
		<filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename>.  For example, to allow
		  users to mount the first floppy drive add:</para>

	      <programlisting># Allow all users to mount the floppy disk.
own       /dev/fd0	  root:operator
perm	  /dev/fd0	  0666</programlisting>

	      <para>To allow users in the group <groupname>operator</groupname>
		to mount the CD-ROM drive add:</para>

	      <programlisting># Allow members of the group operator to mount CD-ROMs.
own       /dev/acd0	  root:operator
perm	  /dev/acd0	  0660</programlisting>
	    </step>

            <step>
              <para>Finally, add the line
                <literal><varname>vfs.usermount</varname>=1</literal>
                to the file <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> so
                that it is reset at system boot time.</para>
            </step>
          </procedure>

          <para>All users can now mount the floppy
            <devicename>/dev/fd0</devicename> onto a directory that they
            own:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mkdir ~/my-mount-point</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 ~/my-mount-point</userinput></screen>

          <para>Users in group <groupname>operator</groupname> can now
            mount the CDROM <devicename>/dev/acd0c</devicename> onto a
            directory that they own:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mkdir ~/my-mount-point</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>mount -t cd9660 /dev/acd0c ~/my-mount-point</userinput></screen>

          <para>Unmounting the device is simple:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>umount ~/my-mount-point</userinput></screen>

          <para>Enabling <varname>vfs.usermount</varname>, however,
            has negative security implications.  A better way to
            access &ms-dos; formatted media is to use the
            <filename role="package">emulators/mtools</filename>
            package in the ports collection.</para>

	  <note>
	    <para>The device name used in the previous examples must be
	      changed according to your configuration.</para>
	  </note>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="du-vs-df">
          <para>The <command>du</command> and <command>df</command>
            commands show different amounts of disk space available.
            What is going on?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>You need to understand what <command>du</command> and
            <command>df</command> really do.  <command>du</command>
            goes through the directory tree, measures how large each
            file is, and presents the totals.  <command>df</command>
            just asks the filesystem how much space it has left.  They
            seem to be the same thing, but a file without a directory
            entry will affect <command>df</command> but not
            <command>du</command>.</para>

          <para>When a program is using a file, and you delete the
            file, the file is not really removed from the filesystem
            until the program stops using it.  The file is immediately
            deleted from the directory listing, however.  You can see
            this easily enough with a program such as
            <command>more</command>.  Assume you have a file large
            enough that its presence affects the output of
            <command>du</command> and <command>df</command>.  (Since
            disks can be so large today, this might be a
            <emphasis>very</emphasis> large file!)  If you delete this
            file while using <command>more</command> on it,
            <command>more</command> does not immediately choke and
            complain that it cannot view the file.  The entry is
            simply removed from the directory so no other program or
            user can access it.  <command>du</command> shows that it
            is gone &mdash; it has walked the directory tree and the file
            is not listed.  <command>df</command> shows that it is
            still there, as the filesystem knows that
            <command>more</command> is still using that space.  Once
            you end the <command>more</command> session,
            <command>du</command> and <command>df</command> will
            agree.</para>

          <para>Note that Soft Updates can delay the freeing of disk
            space; you might need to wait up to 30 seconds for the
            change to be visible!</para>

          <para>This situation is common on web servers.  Many people
            set up a FreeBSD web server and forget to rotate the log
            files.  The access log fills up <filename>/var</filename>.
            The new administrator deletes the file, but the system
            still complains that the partition is full.  Stopping and
            restarting the web server program would free the file,
            allowing the system to release the disk space.  To prevent
            this from happening, set up &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="add-swap-space">
          <para>How can I add more swap space?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>In the <ulink
          url="&url.books.handbook;/config-tuning.html">Configuration and
          Tuning</ulink> section of the Handbook, you will find a
          <ulink
          url="&url.books.handbook;/adding-swap-space.html">section</ulink>
          describing how to do this.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="manufacturer-disk-size">
          <para>Why does &os; see my disk as smaller than the
            manufacturer says it is?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
        <para>Disk manufacturers calculate gigabytes as a billion bytes
          each, whereas &os; calculates them as 1,073,741,824 bytes
          each. This explains why, for example, &os;'s boot messages
          will report a disk that supposedly has 80GB as holding
          76319MB.</para>
        <para>Also note that &os; will (by default)
          <link linkend="disk-more-than-full">reserve</link> 8% of the disk
          space.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="disk-more-than-full">
          <para>How is it possible for a partition to be more than 100%
            full?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
	  <para>A portion of each UFS partition (8%, by default) is
	    reserved for use by the operating system and the
	    <username>root</username> user.
	    &man.df.1; does not count that space when
	    calculating the <literal>Capacity</literal> column, so it can
	    exceed 100%.  Also, you will notice that the
	    <literal>Blocks</literal> column is always greater than the
	    sum of the <literal>Used</literal> and
	    <literal>Avail</literal> columns, usually by a factor of
	    8%.</para>

	  <para>For more details, look up the <option>-m</option> option
	    in &man.tunefs.8;.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </chapter>


  <chapter id="admin">
    <chapterinfo>
      <author>
	<firstname>Wei-Hon</firstname>
	<surname>Chen</surname>
	<affiliation>
	  <address><email>plasmaball@pchome.com.tw</email></address>
	</affiliation>
      </author>
    </chapterinfo>

    <title>¨t²ÎºÞ²z</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="startup-config-files">
          <para>¨t²Î°_©l³]©wÀɦb­þ¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

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            <filename>/etc/rc.network</filename> ¦]¦¹©Ò¦³ªºÀɮ׳£¥i¥H¥Î
            <command>cp /usr/src/etc/rc* /etc</command> ¨Ó«þ¨©¡C</para>

          <para>¦b 3.1 ¥H¤Î¡A<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ³Q²¾¨ì
	    <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename>¡C
            <emphasis>¤d¸U¤£­n½s¿è³o­ÓÀÉ¡I</emphasis> ¦pªG
            <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> ¤º¦³·Q­n§ó°Êªº¶µ¥Ø¡A
	    §AÀ³¸Ó±N¨º¤@¦æªº¤º®e«þ¨©¨ì <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>¡A
	    µM«á¦A­×§ï¥¦¡C</para>

          <para>¨Ò¦p FreeBSD 3.1 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¤º¡A¦³¤@­Ó DNS ¦øªA¾¹ named¡A
	    ¦Ó§A·Q­n±Ò°Ê¥¦¡C§A©Ò»Ý­n§@ªº¨Æ´N¬O¡G</para>
          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo named_enable="YES" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</userinput></screen>

          <para>·Q­n¦b FreeBSD 3.1 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¤¤¡A±Ò°Ê¥»¦aºÝªA°Èªº¸Ü¡A±N
	    shell script ¸m©ó <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename> ¥Ø¿ý
	    ¤U¡C³o¨Ç shell script À³¸Ó³]©w¦¨¥i°õ¦æ¡A¨Ã¥BÀɦW¥H .sh µ²§ô¡C
            ¦b FreeBSD 3.0 ¤Î§ó¦­ªºª©¥»¤¤¡A§AÀ³¸Óª½±µ½s¿è
            <filename>/etc/rc.local</filename> ÀÉ¡C</para>

          <para><filename>/etc/rc.serial</filename>¥Î¨Óªì©l¤Æ§Ç¦C°ð
	    ¡]¹³¬OÂê©w°ðªº¯S©Êµ¥¡^¡C</para>

          <para><filename>/etc/rc.i386</filename> ¬O Intel ±M¥Î³]©w¡A
	    ¹³¬O iBCS2 ¼ÒÀÀ©Î¬O PC ¨t²Î¥D±±¥x³]©w¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="adding-users">
          <para>¸Ó¦p¦ó²³æ¦a·s¼W±b¸¹¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¨Ï¥Î &man.adduser.8; «ü¥O¡C¦pªG»Ý­n§ó½ÆÂøªº¨Ï¥Î¤è¦¡¡A
	    ½Ð¥Î &man.pw.8; ³o­Ó«ü¥O¡C</para>

          <para>­n¦A¦¸²¾°£¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A¨Ï¥Î &man.rmuser.8; «ü¥O¡CÁÙ¦³¡A
	    &man.pw.8; ¤]¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="root-not-found-cron-errors">
          <para>¦b§ï§¹ crontab Àɮ׫á¡A¬°¤°»ò¦Ñ¬O¦¬¨ì³o¼Ëªº°T®§¡G
            <errorname>root: not found</errorname>¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³q±`³£¬O¦]¬°½s¿è¤F¨t²Îªº crontab
	    (<filename>/etc/crontab</filename>) µM«á´N¥Î &man.crontab.1;
	    ¥h¦w¸Ë¥¦¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>crontab /etc/crontab</userinput></screen>

          <para>³o¼Ë§@¬O¤£¹ïªº¡C¨t²Îªº crontab ©M &man.crontab.1;
            ©Ò§ó·sªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº crontab ®æ¦¡¨Ã¤£¤@¼Ë (&man.crontab.5;
            »¡©ú¤å¥ó°w¹ï®t²§³B¦³¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú)¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG§A¤w¸g¥Î³oºØ¤èªk¡AÃB¥~¦h¥Xªº crontab ¥u´N¬O
            <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> ªº«þ¨©¡A¥u¬O®æ¦¡¬O¿ù»~ªº¡C
            ¥i¥Î¥H¤Uªº©R¥O§R°£¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>crontab -r</userinput></screen>

          <para>¤U¦¸§A½s¿è <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> Àɮתº®É­Ô¡A
            §A¤£¥Î§@¥ô¦ó°Ê§@¥h³qª¾ &man.cron.8; ¡A¥¦¦Û°Ê·|¥h°»´ú¬O§_¦³§ó°Ê¡C
          </para>

          <para>¦pªG§A·Q­n¨C¤Ñ¡B¨C¶g¡B©Î¬O¨C¤ë©T©w°õ¦æ¬Y¨Ç°Ê§@¤@¦¸¡A¤]³\¥[­Ó
            shell script ¦b <filename>/usr/local/etc/periodic</filename>
            ¥Ø¿ý¤U·|§ó¦n¡A¨t²Îªº cron ·|©T©w°õ¦æ &man.periodic.8; ©R¥O¡A
            ¥¦¥i±N§Aªºµ{¦¡©M¨ä¥¦ªº¨t²Î¶g´Á©Ê¤u§@¤@°_°õ¦æ¡C</para>

          <para>³o­Ó¿ù»~ªº¯u¥¿­ì¦]¡A¬O¦]¬°¨t²Îªº crontab ¦³¤@­ÓÃB¥~ªºÄæ¦ì¡A
            »¡©ú¸Ó©R¥O­n¥H¤°»ò¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¨­¥÷°õ¦æ¡C¦b FreeBSD ªº¹w³]¨t²Î crontab
            ¤¤¡A©Ò¦³ªº¶µ¥Ø³£¬O <username>root</username>¡C ·í³o­Ó crontab
            ³Q·í§@¬O <username>root</username> ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ crontab (¥¦©M¨t²Îªº
            crontab ¬O <emphasis>¤£</emphasis> ¤@¼Ëªº)¡A&man.cron.8; ·|¥H¬°
            <literal>root</literal> ¦r¦ê¬O±ý°õ¦æªº©R¥Oªº²Ä¤@­Ó¦r¡A¦ý¬O¹ê»Ú¤W
            ¨Ã¨S¦³³o¼Ëªº©R¥O¦s¦b¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question id="su-wheel-group">
	  <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú·Q­n¥Î su ¦¨¬° <username>root</username> ®É¡A·|±o¨ì
            <errorname>you are not in the correct group to su root</errorname>
            ªº¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>³o¬O¤@­Ó¦w¥þ¯S©Ê¡C·Q­n§Q¥Î su ¦¨¬° <username>root</username>
            (©Î¨ä¥¦¦³ superuser Åv­­ªº±b¸¹)¡A§A¤@©w­n¦b
	    <groupname>wheel</groupname> ¸s²Õ¤º¡C¦pªG¨S¦³³o­Ó¯S©Êªº¸Ü¡A
	    ¥ô¦ó¤H¥u­n¦b¨t²Î¸Ì¦³±b¸¹¡A¨Ã¥B«ê¥©ª¾¹D <username>root</username>
	    ªº±K½X¡A´N¥i¥H¨ú±o superuser µ¥¯ÅªºÅv­­¥H¦s¨ú¨t²Î¡C¦³¤F³o­Ó¯S©Ê¡A
	    ³o¼Ëªº±¡ªp´N¤£·|µo¥Í¡F¦pªG¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤£¦b <groupname>wheel</groupname>
	    ¸s²Õ¤ºªº¸Ü¡A&man.su.1; ·|Åý¥L­Ì³s¸ÕµÛÁä¤J±K½Xªº¾÷·|³£¨S¦³¡C</para>

	  <para>­nÅý¬Y¤H¥i¥H§Q¥Î su ¦¨¬° <username>root</username> ªº¸Ü¡A
            ¥u­n§â¥L­Ì©ñ¤J <groupname>wheel</groupname> ¸s²Õ¤º§Y¥i¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="rcconf-readonly">
          <para>§Ú¦b <filename>rc.conf</filename> ÁÙ¬O¬Y­Ó°_°ÊÀɮ׸̥ǤF¿ù»~¡A
            ¦]¬°Àɮרt²ÎÅܦ¨°ßŪªº¡A§ÚµLªk¥h½s¿è¥¦¡C§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>·í¹q¸£°Ý§A shell §¹¾ã¸ô®|¦W®É¡A¥u­n«ö <literal>ENTER
            </literal>¡AµM«á°õ¦æ <command>mount /</command> ¥HŪ¼g¼Ò¦¡
            ­«·s±¾¸ü®ÚÀɮרt²Î¡C§A¤]³\»Ý­n°õ¦æ <command>mount -a -t ufs
            </command>¡A±N§AºD¥Îªº¤å¦r½s¿è¾¹©Ò¦bªºÀɮרt²Î±¾¸ü¤W¨Ó¡C¦pªG
            §AºD¥Îªº¤å¦r½s¿è¾¹¦bºô¸ôÀɮרt²Î¤Wªº¸Ü¡A§A¥²¶·¥ý¤â°Ê±Nºô¸ô³]©w
            °_¨Ó¡A¥H«K±Nºô¸ôÀɮרt²Î±¾¸ü¤W¨Ó¡A©Î¬O¨Ï¥Î¥»¦aºÝÀɮרt²Î¤Wªº
            ½s¿è¾¹¡A¨Ò¦p &man.ed.1;¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG§A·Q­n¨Ï¥Î¹³ &man.vi.1; ©Î¬O &man.emacs.1; µ¥ªº¥þ¿Ã¹õ
            ¤å¦r½s¿è¾¹ªº¸Ü¡A§A¤]»Ý­n°õ¦æ
	    <command>export TERM=cons25 </command>¡A¥H«KÅý³o¨Ç½s¿è¾¹¯à°÷±q
	    &man.termcap.5; ¸ê®Æ®w¸ÌŪ¨ú¥¿½Tªº¸ê®Æ¡C</para>

          <para>·í§A¤w¸g§¹¦¨¤F³o¨Ç¨BÆJ«á¡A§A¥i¥H·Ó§A¥­±`­×§ï¤åªk¿ù»~ªº¤è¦¡
            ¥h½s¿è <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÀɮסC¦b®Ö¤ß (kernel)
            ±Ò°Ê®É©ÒÅã¥Üªº¿ù»~°T®§¡A¯à°÷§i¶D§AÀɮפ¤­þ¤@¦æ¦³¿ù»~¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="printer-setup">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¨S¿ìªk³]©w§Úªº¦Lªí¾÷¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤@¤U Handbook ¤¤¡A¦³Ãö¦C¦Lªº³¡¥÷¡C¥¦À³¸Ó¯à°÷¸Ñ¨M
            §A¤j³¡¥÷ªº°ÝÃD¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ulink url="../handbook/printing.html">
            Handbook ¤¤ªº¦C¦L³¡¥÷</ulink>¡C</para>

	  <para>¦³¨Ç¦Lªí¾÷»Ý­n¥D¾÷¤ä´©ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡ (host-based driver) ¤~¯à
            °õ¦æ¥ô¦ó¦C¦L¥\¯à¡CFreeBSD ¥»¨­¨Ã¤£¤ä´©³o¨Ç©Ò¿×ªº
            <quote>WinPrinters</quote>¡C ¦pªG§Aªº¦Lªí¾÷µLªk¦b DOS ©Î
            Windows NT 4.0 ¤U°õ¦æ¡A¨º¥¦¤j·§´N¬O¤@¥x WinPrinter¡C§A°ß¤@¯à¨Ï¥Î
            ³o¼Ëªº¦Lªí¾÷ªº§Æ±æ¡A´N¬O¸Õ¸Õ <filename role="package">
            print/pnm2ppa</filename> ¤ä¤£¤ä´©¥¦¤F¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="keyboard-mappings">
          <para>§Ú­n«ç»ò¼Ë­×¥¿§Úªº¨t²Î©Ò¨Ï¥ÎªºÁä½L¹ï¬M (keyboard mapping)¡H
            </para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Handbook ¤¤ªº <ulink
            url="../handbook/using-localization.html">using localization
            </ulink> ³¹¸`¡A¤×¨ä¬O <ulink
            url="../handbook/using-localization.html#SETTING-CONSOLE">console
            setup</ulink> ³¹¸`¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="pnp-resources">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b¨t²Î±Ò°Ê®É¡A±o¨ì <errorname>unknown: &lt;PNP0303&gt;
            can't assign resources</errorname> ªº°T®§¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
	  <para>¥H¤U¬O±q &os.current; ³q«H½×¾Âªº¤@½g¤å³¹¤¤¸`¿ý¥X¨Óªº¡C</para>

	  <blockquote>
	    <attribution>&a.wollman;, 2001 ¦~¥|¤ë 24 ¤é</attribution>

	    <para><quote>µLªk«ü¬£¸ê·½ (can't assign resources)</quote> °T®§ªí¥Ü
              ¨º¨Ç¸Ë¸m¬O¶Ç²Îªº ISA ¸Ë¸m¡A¦Ó®Ö¤ß¤¤¤w¸g½s¤J¤£»{±o PNP ªºÅX°Êµ{
	      ¦¡¡C³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m¥]¬AÁä½L±±¨î¾¹¡A¥iµ{¦¡¤Æ§ÃÂ_±±¨î´¹¤ù¡AÁÙ¦³´X­Ó¼Ð·Ç
	      ³]³Æ¡C¸ê·½µLªk«ü¬£µ¹³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m¡A¬O¦]¬°¦­¤w¦³ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨Ï¥Î¨º¨Ç¦ì§}
	      ¤F¡C</para>
	  </blockquote>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="user-quotas">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò user quotas µLªk¥¿±`¹B§@¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

            <orderedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>¥i¯à§A kernel ³]©w¥¼¥[¤J quotas ¤ä´©(¹w³]¬OµL)¡C¦pªG¬O³o¼Ë¤lªº¸Ü¡A
                  ¨º»ò½Ð§â¤U­±³o¦æ¥[¨ì kernel ³]©wÀɤº¨Ã­«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë¡G</para>
                  <programlisting>options QUOTA</programlisting>

                <para>²Ó¸`³¡¤À¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ Handbook ¤ºªº <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/quotas.html">
                quotas</ulink> ³¹¸`¡C</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>½Ð¤£­nª½±µ¦b <filename>/</filename> ¥´¶} quotas </para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>§â quotas ÀÉ©ñ¦b¥¦¥²¶·±j­¢¸m¤JªºÀɮרt²Î¤º¡AÁ|¨Ò¡G</para>

                <informaltable frame="none">
                  <tgroup cols="2">
                    <thead>
                      <row>
                        <entry>Àɮרt²Î</entry>
                        <entry>Quota ÀÉ</entry>
                      </row>
                    </thead>

                    <tbody>
                      <row>
                        <entry><filename>/usr</filename></entry>
                        <entry><filename>/usr/admin/quotas</filename></entry>
                      </row>

                      <row>
                        <entry><filename>/home</filename></entry>
                        <entry><filename>/home/admin/quotas</filename></entry>
                      </row>

                      <row>
                        <entry>&hellip;</entry>
                        <entry>&hellip;</entry>
                      </row>
                    </tbody>
                  </tgroup>
                </informaltable>
              </listitem>
            </orderedlist>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="sysv-ipc">
          <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© System V IPC ®æ¦¡«ü¥O¶°¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¬Oªº¡AFreeBSD ¤ä´© System V-style IPC¡C³o¥]¬A¦@¨É°O¾ÐÅé¡A
	    °T®§¸ò«H¸¹¡C§A»Ý­n¦b§Aªº kernel ³]©wÀɤº¥[¤J¤U¦C´X¦æ¥H±Ò°Ê¥¦­Ì¡C</para>

          <programlisting>options    SYSVSHM          # enable shared memory
options    SYSVSEM          # enable for semaphores
options    SYSVMSG          # enable for messaging</programlisting>

            <note>
              <para>¦b  FreeBSD 3.2 ¥H¤Î¤§«áªºª©¥»¡A³o¨Ç¿ï¶µ¤w¸g¬O
                <emphasis>GENERIC</emphasis> ®Ö¤ßªº¤@³¡¥÷¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¥¦­Ì¤w
		¸g½s¶i¤F§Aªº¨t²Î¤¤¡C</para>
            </note>

          <para>­«·s½sĶ¨Ã¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="uucpmail">
          <para>§Ú¸Ó¦p¦óÅý sendmail ³z¹L UUCP ¨Ó»¼°e¶l¥ó¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¸òÀH FreeBSD ®M¸Ë¦Ó¨Óªº sendmail ³]©w¬O¾A¦X¨º¨Çª½±µ³s¤Wºô»Úºô¸ô
            ªº¯¸¥x¡C·Q³z¹L UUCP ¥æ´«¶l¥óªº¯¸¥x¥²¶·¥t¥~¦w¸Ë sendmail ªº³]©wÀɮסC
          </para>

          <para>¤â°Ê­×§ï <filename>/etc/sendmail.cf</filename> ¬Oµ´¹ï¥²­nªº¡C
            ²Ä 8 ª©ªº sendmail ´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó¥þ·sªº¤J¤f¥H³z¹L¤@¨Ç¹³ &man.m4.1;
            ªº³B²z´N¯à²£¥Í³]©wÀÉ¡A³o¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O¤@­Ó°ª¼h·§©Àµ¥¯Åªº§Þ¥©©Ê³]©w¡C
	    §AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦b <filename>/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf</filename>
	    ¥H¤U¸Ì¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡G</para>

          <para>°²¦p§A¤£¬O¥Î full sources ¤è¦¡¦w¸Ë¨t²Î¡A¨º»ò sendmail
            ³]©w¶µ¥Ø¥i¯à¤w¸g¤À´²¦¨¦n´X­Ó¨Ó·½¤À¥¬Àɦbµ¥µÛ§A¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g
            mount ¥úºÐ¾÷¡A°µ¥H¤U°Ê§@¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /cdrom/src</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cat scontrib.?? | tar xzf - -C /usr/src contrib/sendmail</userinput></screen>

          <para>§OÅå·W¡A³o¥u¦³¼Æ¤Q¸U­Ó¦ì¤¸²Õªº¤j¤p¡C¦b <filename>cf</filename>
	    ¥Ø¿ý¸Ìªº <filename>README</filename> ¥i¥H´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó m4 ³]©wªkªº°ò
	    ¥»¤¶²Ð¡C</para>

          <para>¥H UUCP »¼°e¨Ó»¡¡A«Øij§A³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î <literal>mailertable</literal>
            ¯SÂI¡C«Øºc¤@­Ó¸ê®Æ®wÅý sendmail ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¥¦¦Û¤vªº¸ô®|¨Mµ¦¡C</para>

          <para>­º¥ý¡A§A¥²¶·«Ø¥ß¦Û¤vªº <filename>.mc</filename> ÀÉ¡C
            <filename>/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¬O³o¨Ç
	    Àɮתº®a¡C¬d¬Ý¤@¤U¡A¤w¸g¦³¦n´X­Ó½d¨ÒÀÉ¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g©R¦W¦Û¤vªºÀÉ¥s
            <filename>foo.mc</filename>¡A§A­n°µªº¥u¬O§â¥¦Âà´«¦¨¤@­Ó¦³®Äªº
            <filename>sendmail.cf</filename>¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make foo.cf</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cp foo.cf /etc/mail/sendmail.cf</userinput></screen>

          <para>¤@­Ó¨å«¬ªº <filename>.mc</filename> Àɬݰ_¨Ó¥i¯à¹³³o¼Ë¡G</para>

          <programlisting>VERSIONID(`<replaceable>Your version number</replaceable>')
OSTYPE(bsd4.4)

FEATURE(accept_unresolvable_domains)
FEATURE(nocanonify)
FEATURE(mailertable, `hash -o /etc/mail/mailertable')

define(`UUCP_RELAY', <replaceable>your.uucp.relay</replaceable>)
define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000)
define(`confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES')

MAILER(local)
MAILER(smtp)
MAILER(uucp)

Cw    <replaceable>your.alias.host.name</replaceable>
Cw    <replaceable>youruucpnodename.UUCP</replaceable></programlisting>

          <para><literal>accept_unresolvable_domains</literal>¡A
            <literal>nocanonify</literal>¡A ©M
	    <literal>confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES</literal> ¯S©Ê±NÁקK¥ô¦ó¦b
	    »¼°e¶l¥ó®É·|¥Î¨ì DNS ªº¾÷·|¡C<literal>UUCP_RELAY</literal>
	    ¶µ¥Øªº¥X²{²z¥Ñ«Ü©_©Ç¡A´N¤£­n°Ý¬°¦ó¤F¡C²³æªº©ñ¤J¤@­Óºô»Úºô¸ô
	    ¤W¥i¥H³B²z .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ì¦ì§}ªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡F³q±`¡A§A¥u»Ý­n¦b³o
	    ¸Ì¶ñ¤J§A ISP ªº«H¥ó¦^ÂгB (mail replay)¡C</para>

          <para>§A¤w¸g°µ¨ì³o¸Ì¤F¡A§AÁٻݭn³o­Ó¥s
	    <filename>/etc/mail/mailertable</filename>¡C¦pªG§A¥u¦³¤@­Ó¥Î
	    ¨Ó¶Ç»¼©Ò¦³¶l¥óªº¹ï¥~³q¹Dªº¸Ü¡A¥H¤UªºÀÉ®×´N¨¬°÷¤F¡G</para>

          <programlisting>#
# makemap hash /etc/mail/mailertable.db &lt; /etc/mail/mailertable
                              uucp-dom:<replaceable>your.uucp.relay</replaceable></programlisting>

          <para>¥t¤@­Ó§ó½ÆÂøªº¨Ò¤l¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³³o¼Ë¡G</para>

          <programlisting>#
# makemap hash /etc/mail/mailertable.db &lt; /etc/mail/mailertable
#
horus.interface-business.de   uucp-dom:horus
interface-business.de        uucp-dom:if-bus
interface-business.de         uucp-dom:if-bus
heep.sax.de                  smtp8:%1
horus.UUCP                    uucp-dom:horus
if-bus.UUCP                   uucp-dom:if-bus
                             uucp-dom:</programlisting>


          <para>¦p§A©Ò¨£¡A³o¬O¬Y­Ó¯u¹êÀɮ׸̪º¤@³¡¥÷¡C­º¤T¦æ³B²zºô°ì©w§}«H¥ó
            ¤£À³¸Ó³Q°e¥X¨ì¤º©w¸ô®|¡A¦Ó¥Ñ¬Y¨Ç UUCP ¾F©~(UUCP neighbor)¨ú¥N
            ªº¯S®í±¡§Î¡A³o¬O¬°¤F <quote>ÁYµu</quote>»¼°eªº¸ô®|¡C¤U¤@¦æ³B²z¨ì
	    ¥»¦a¤A¤Óºô¸ôºô°ìªº«H¥óÅý¥¦¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î SMTP ¨Ó»¼°e¡C³Ì«á¡AUUCP ¾F©~´£¨ì
            .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ìªº°O¸ü¡A¤¹³\¤@­Ó <literal><replaceable>uucp-neighbor
            </replaceable>!<replaceable>recipient</replaceable></literal> ±À½
	    ¤º©w³W«h¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ«h¥H¤@­Ó³æ¿Wªº¥yÂI°µµ²§ô¡A¥H UUCP »¼°e¨ì´£¨Ñ·í
	    §A¥þ¥@¬É©Ê¶l¥ó¹hªùªºUUCP ¾F©~¡C©Ò¦³¦b <literal>uucp-dom:</literal>
	    ÃöÁä¦r¸Ìªº¸`ÂI¦WºÙ¥²¶·³£¬O¦³®Äªº UUCP ¾F©~¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î
	    <literal>uuname</literal> ©R¥O¥h½T»{¡C
          </para>

          <para>´£¿ô§A³o­ÓÀɮצb¨Ï¥Î«e¥²¶·³QÂà´«¦¨ DBM ¸ê®Æ®wÀɮסA³Ì¦n¦b
            mailertable ³Ì¤W­±¥Îµù¸Ñ¼g¥X©R¥O¦C¨Ó§¹¦¨³o­Ó¤u§@¡C·í§A¨C¦¸§ó´«§A
            ªº mailertable «á§AÁ`¬O»Ý­n°õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡C</para>

          <para>³Ì«á´£¥Ü¡G¦pªG§A¤£½T©w¬Y¨Ç¯S©wªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¥i¥Î¡A°O±o§â
            <option>-bt</option> ¿ï¶µ¥[¨ì sendmail¡C³o·|±N sendmail ±Ò°Ê¦b
            <emphasis>address test mode</emphasis>¡F¥u­n«ö¤U
            <literal>0</literal>¡A±µµÛ¿é¤J§A§Æ±æ´ú¸Õªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¦ì§}¡C
            ³Ì«á¤@¦æ§i¶D§A¨Ï¥Î¤º³¡ªº«H¥ó¥N²zµ{¦¡¡A¥N²zµ{¦¡ªº·|³qª¾¥Øªº¥D¾÷¡A
            ¥H¤Î(¥i¯àÂà´«ªº)¦ì§}¡C­nÂ÷¶}¦¹¼Ò¦¡½Ð«ö Control-D¡C</para>

          <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sendmail -bt</userinput>
ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked)
Enter &lt;ruleset&gt; &lt;address&gt;
<prompt>&gt;</prompt> <userinput>3,0 foo@example.com</userinput>
canonify           input: foo @ example . com
..
parse            returns: $# uucp-dom $@ <replaceable>your.uucp.relay</replaceable> $: foo &lt; @ example . com . &gt;
<prompt>&gt;</prompt> <userinput>^D</userinput></screen>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ispmail">
          <para>·í§Ú¥Î¼·±µ³s¤Wºô¸ô®É¸Ó«ç»ò³]©w«H¥ó»¼°e¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦pªG§A¤w¸g¦³¤@­Ó©T©wªº IP ¼Æ¦r¡A§A¤£»Ý­n½Õ¾ã¥ô¦ó¤º©w­È¡C³]¦n
            §A­n«ü©wªººô¸ô¦WºÙ¡A¨ä¥Lªº sendmail ³£·|À°§A°µ§¹¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG§A®³¨ìªº¬O°ÊºA°t¸mªº IP ¼Æ¦r¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¼·±µ ppp ³s±µ¨ìºô»Úºô
	    ¸ô¡A§A¥i¯à¤w¸g¦b§Aªº ISP «H¥ó¥D¾÷¤W¦³¤@­Ó«H½c¡C°²³]§Aªº ISP ºô°ì
	    ¬O <hostid role="domainname">example.net</hostid>¡A§Aªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦W
	    ºÙ¬O <username>user</username>¡C¥ç°²³]§AºÙ¦Û¤vªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¬O
            <hostid role="fqdn">bsd.home</hostid> ¦Ó§Aªº ISP §i¶D§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î
            <hostid role="fqdn">relay.example.net</hostid> ·í§@«H¥ó¦^ÂгB¡C
          </para>

          <para>¬°¤F±q§Aªº«H½c±µ¦¬«H¥ó¡A§A±N»Ý­n¦w¸Ë¨ú«Hµ{¦¡¥H«K±q«H½c¨ú¦^«H¥ó¡C
            <application>Fetchmail</application> ¬O¤@­Ó¤£¿ùªº¿ï¾Ü¡A¦]¬°¥¦¤ä
	    ´©³\¦h¤£¦Pªº³q°T¨ó©w¡A³q±`§Aªº ISP ·|´£¨Ñ POP3¡C¦pªG§A¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Î
	    user-ppp¡A§A¥i¥H¦b³s½u¨ìºô¸ô¦¨¥\«á¦Û°Ê§ì¨ú§Aªº«H¥ó¡A¥u­n¦b
	    <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>¸Ì­±³]©w¥H¤U³o¶µ¡G</para>

          <programlisting>MYADDR:
  !bg su user -c fetchmail</programlisting>

          <para>°²¨Ï§A¥¿¨Ï¥Î <application>sendmail</application> (¦p¤U©Ò¥Ü)
	    ¶Ç°e«H¥ó¨ì«D¥»¦a±b¸¹¡A¸m¤J¥H¤U©R¥O¡G</para>

          <programlisting>  !bg su user -c "sendmail -q"</programlisting>

          <para>¦b¤W­±¨º¶µ©R¥O¤§«á¡C³o·|±j­¢ <application>sendmail</application>
	    ¦b³s±µ¤Wºô¸ô«á°¨¤W¶}©l³B²z mailqueue¡C</para>

          <para>§Ú°²³]§A¦b <hostid role="fqdn">bsd.home</hostid> ¾÷¾¹¤W¦³¤@­Ó
            <username>user</username> ªº±b¸¹¡C¦b <hostid
	    role="fqdn">bsd.home</hostid> ¾÷¾¹¤W <username>user</username>
	    ªº®a¥Ø¿ý¸Ì«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó <filename>.fetchmailrc</filename> ªºÀɮסG</para>

          <programlisting>poll example.net protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret</programlisting>

          <para>µL¶·Âب¥¡A³o­ÓÀÉ°£¤F <username>user</username> ¥~¤£À³¸Ó³Q¥ô
	    ¦ó¤HŪ¨ú¡A¦]¬°¥¦¥]§t <literal>MySecret</literal> ³o­Ó±K½X¡C</para>

          <para>¬°¤F¦b±H«H®É¦³¥¿½Tªº©ïÀY <literal>from:</literal>¡A§A¥²¶·§i¶D
	    <application>sendmail</application> ¨Ï¥Î
	    <literal>user@example.net</literal> ¦Ó«D
	    <literal>user@bsd.home</literal>¡C§A¥i¯à·|§Æ±æ§i¶D
            <application>sendmail</application> ±q
            <hostid role="fqdn">relay.example.net</hostid> °e¥X©Ò¦³«H¥ó¡A
            ¥[§Ö«H¥ó¶Ç°e¡C</para>

          <para>¥H¤Uªº <filename>.mc</filename> ÀÉÀ³¯àº¡¨¬§Aªº­n¨D¡G</para>

          <programlisting>VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0')
OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl
FEATURE(nouucp)dnl
MAILER(local)dnl
MAILER(smtp)dnl
Cwlocalhost
Cwbsd.home
MASQUERADE_AS(`example.net')dnl
FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl
FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl
FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl
FEATURE(nodns)dnl
define(`SMART_HOST', `relay.example.net')
Dmbsd.home
define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl
define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl</programlisting>

          <para>¦p¦óÂà´«³o­Ó <filename>.mc</filename> Àɮרì
            <filename>sendmail.cf</filename> Àɪº¸Ô²Ó²Ó¸`¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤W¤@¸`¡C
            ¥t¥~¡A¦b§ó·s <filename>sendmail.cf</filename> ¥H«á¤£­n§Ñ°O­«·s±Ò°Ê
            <application>sendmail</application>¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="sendmail-alternative">
          <para>°£¤F Sendmail ¥~¡AÁÙ¦³­þ¨Ç¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para><ulink url="http://www.sendmail.org/">Sendmail</ulink>
            ¬O FreeBSD ¹w³]¨Ï¥Îªº¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¡A¦ý¬O§AÁÙ¬O¥i¥H«Ü®e©ö¦a¥H¨ä¥¦
            ¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹ (¨Ò¦p¡A±q port ¦w¸Ëªº¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹) ¨ú¥N¤§¡C</para>

          <para>port ¸Ì¦³«Ü¦h¥i¨Ñ¿ï¾Üªº¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¡A¹³
            <filename role="package">mail/exim</filename>¡B
            <filename role="package">mail/postfix</filename>¡B
            <filename role="package">mail/qmail</filename>¡B
            <filename role="package">mail/zmailer</filename> 杭A
            ´N¬O´X­Ó«Ü¨üÅwªïªº¿ï¾Ü¡C</para>

          <para>¦h¼Ë¿ï¾Ü¬O¦n¨Æ¡A¦Ó¥B¤j®a¦³³\¦h¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤]³Q»{¬°¬O
            ¦n¨Æ¡F©Ò¥H½ÐÁקK¦b³q«H½×¾Â¸Ì°Ý¹³ <quote>Sendmail ¦³¤ñ Qmail
            ¦n¶Ü¡H</quote> ³o¼Ëªº°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG§A¯uªº«Ü·Q°Ýªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¥ý¨ì³q«H½×¾Â
            archive ¸Ì§ä¤@¤U¡C¨C¤@­Ó¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹ªºÀuÂI»P¯ÊÂI¡A¥H«e¤j·§´N¤w¸g
            °Q½×¦n´X¦¸¤F¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="forgot-root-pw">
          <para>§Ú§Ñ¤F <username>root</username> ±K½X¤F¡I«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
        </question>

	<answer>
          <para>¤£­nÅå·W¡I¥u­n­«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡A¦b¬Ý¨ì Boot: ®É¿é¤J
            <userinput>boot -s</userinput> §Y¥i¶i¤J³æ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡
            (¦b 3.2-RELEASE ¤§«eªºª©¥»½Ð§ï¥Î <userinput>-s</userinput>)¡C
            ¦b°Ý­n¨Ï¥Î­þ­Ó shell ®É¡A«ö¤U ENTER¡C§A·|¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó &prompt.root;
            ªº´£¥Ü¸¹¡A¿é¤J <command>mount -u /</command> ¥H­«·s±¾¤W(mount)
            §Aªº®ÚÀɮרt²Î¥i¨ÑŪ/¼g¡C°õ¦æ <command>passwd root</command>
            ¥H§ó´« <username>root</username> ±K½X¡AµM«á°õ¦æ &man.exit.1;
	    Ä~Äò±Ò°Êµ{§Ç¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="CAD-reboot">
          <para>§Ú¸Ó«ç»òÅý Control-Alt-Delete ¤£·|­«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦pªG§A¬O¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD 2.2.7-RELEASE ©Î¤§«áª©¥»ªº
            syscons(¨t²Î¤º©wªº¥D±±¥xÅX°Êµ{¦¡)¡A§â¤U¦C³o¦æ©ñ¨ì kernel ³]©wÀɤº¡A
            µM«á­«°µ¤@­Ó·sªº®Ö¤ß¡G</para>

          <programlisting>options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT</programlisting>

          <para>­Y¬O¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD 2.2.5-RELEASE ©Î¤§«áª©¥»ªº PCVT ¥D±±¥xÅX°Ê
	    µ{¦¡¡A«h¥H¤U¦C¿ï¶µ¥N´À¡G</para>

          <programlisting>options PCVT_CTRL_ALT_DEL</programlisting>

          <para>¨ä¥L§ó¦­´Áªº FreeBSD ª©¥»¡A½Ð­×§ï§A¥¿¦b¨Ï¥Îªº¥D±±¥xÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A
            ¨Ã±N©Ò¦³ <literal>boot</literal> ÃöÁä¦r¥H <literal>nop</literal>
            ¨ú¥N¡C¤º©wªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¬O¦b
            <filename>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps/us.iso.kbd</filename>¡C
            §A¥i¯à»Ý­n©ú¥Õªº§h©J <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¥hŪ¨ú
            ³o­ÓÁä½L¹ïÀ³¥H½T«O§ó°Ê¥Í®Ä¡C·íµM¦pªG§A¥¿¦b¥Î¾A¦X§A°êÄyªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A
            §AÀ³¸Ó½s¿è¨º¤@­Ó¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="dos-to-unix-txt">
          <para>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò§â DOS ¤å¦rÀÉ®×­«·s®æ¦¡¤Æ¦¨ UNIX ªº¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥u­n¨Ï¥Î³o­Ó perl ©R¥O¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>perl -i.bak -npe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file ...</userinput></screen>

          <para>file ´N¬O­n³B²zªºÀɮסC³o­Ó­×§ï¬O¦b¤º³¡§¹¦¨¡A­ì©lªºÀÉ®×·|Àx¦s¦¨
            °ÆÀɦW¬° .bak ªºÀɮסC</para>

          <para>©ÎªÌ§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î &man.tr.1; ³o­Ó©R¥O¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>tr -d '\r' &lt; <replaceable>dos-text-file</replaceable> &gt; <replaceable>unix-file</replaceable></userinput></screen>

          <para><replaceable>dos-text-file</replaceable> ¬O¥]§t DOS ¤å¦rªº
	    ÀɮסA¦Ó <replaceable>unix-text-file</replaceable> «h¬O¥]§tÂà´«
	    ªº¿é¥Xµ²ªG¡C³o¤ñ¨Ï¥Î perl ÁÙ­n§Ö¤W¤@ÂIÂI¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="kill-by-name">
          <para>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¥Î¦WºÙ¬å±¼ process¡H</para>
        </question><answer>

          <para>¨Ï¥Î &man.killall.1; ¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="root-acl">
          <para>¬°¦ó¦b su ¤@ª½»¡§Ú¤£¦b <username>root</username> ªº ACL ¸Ì¡H
            </para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o­Ó¿ù»~¬O¦]¬° Kerberos ¤À´²»{ÃÒ¨t²Î¡C³o­Ó°ÝÃD¨Ã¤£¬O«ÜÄY­«
            ¦ý¬O¥O¤H¹½·Ð¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î -K ¿ï¶µ¥h°õ¦æ su¡A©Î¬O¹³¤U­Ó°ÝÃD©Ò´y­zªº
            ²¾°£ Kerberos¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="uninstall-kerberos">
          <para>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò²¾°£ Kerberos¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>­n±q¨t²Î¸Ì²¾°£ Kerberos¡A­«¸Ë§A¥¿¦b°õ¦æªº release ª©¥»ªº
	    bin distribution¡C¦pªG§A¦³ CDROM¡A§A¥i¥H mount cd(°²³]¦b /cdrom)
	    ¨Ã°õ¦æ¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /cdrom/bin</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>./install.sh</userinput></screen>

          <para>©ÎªÌ§A¤]¥i¥H±N <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ¸Ìªº
            "MAKE_KERBEROS" ¿ï¶µ¥þ³£®³±¼¡AµM«á¦A build world.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="add-pty">
          <para>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¼W¥[¨t²ÎªºµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦pªG§A¦³³\¦h telnet¡Assh¡AX ©Î¬O screen ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A§A©Î³\·|¥Î§¹
            µêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷¡A³o¯à±Ð§A«ç»ò¥[§ó¦h¡G</para>

            <procedure>
              <step>
                <para>«Ø¥ß¨Ã¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó·sªº kernel ¨Ã¥B§â³o¤@¦æ</para>

                <programlisting>pseudo-device pty 256</programlisting>

                <para>¥[¤J¨ì³]©wÀɸ̡C</para>
              </step>

              <step>
                <para>°õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡G</para>

                <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV pty{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}</userinput></screen>

                <para>·|³y¥X 256 ­ÓµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¸Ë¸m¸`ÂI¡C</para>

              </step>

              <step>
                <para>½s¿è <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ¨Ã¥[¤J²Å¦X 256
                  ­Ó²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¦æ¼Æ¡C¥¦­ÌÀ³¸Ó²Å¦X¤w¸g¦s¦b³æ¶µªº®æ¦¡¡AÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A
                  ¥¦­Ì¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³¡G</para>

                <programlisting>ttyqc none network</programlisting>

                <para>¦r¥À³]­pªº¶¶§Ç¬O
                  <literal>tty[pqrsPQRS][0-9a-v]</literal>¡A¨Ï¥Î¥¿³Wªí¥Ü¦¡¡C
                </para>
              </step>

              <step>
                <para>¥Î·sªº kernel ­«·s±Ò°Ê¹q¸£´N¥i¥H¤F¡C</para>
              </step>
            </procedure>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="create-snd0">
          <para>/dev/snd0 ³o­Ó¸Ë¸m°µ¤£¥X¨Ó¡I</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¨Ã¨S <devicename>snd</devicename> ³o­Ó¸Ë¸mªº¦s¦b¡C³o­Ó¦W¦r
            ¬O¥Î¨Ó·í§@¦U­Ó²Õ¦¨ FreeBSD Án­µÅX°Êµ{¦¡²Õ¡A½Ñ¦p
            <devicename>mixer</devicename>¡A
	    <devicename>sequencer</devicename>¡A¥H¤Î
            <devicename>dsp</devicename> ªºÂ²ºÙ¡C</para>

          <para>¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤Uªº©R¥O§@¥X³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV snd0</userinput></screen>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="reread-rc">
          <para>¥i¥H¤£¥Î¶}¾÷¡A­«·sŪ¨ú <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>¡B
            ¦A¦¸±Ò°Ê <filename>/etc/rc</filename> ¶Ü?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥ý¶i¤J³æ¤H¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á¦A¦^¨ì¦h¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡C</para>

          <para>¦b¥D±±¥x°õ¦æ¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown now</userinput>
(Note: without -r or -h)

&prompt.root; <userinput>return</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>exit</userinput></screen>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="release-candidate">
          <para>§Ú·Q­n§â§Úªº¨t²Îª@¯Å¨ì³Ì·sªº -STABLE¡A¦ý¬O±o¨ìªº¬O -RC ©Î
            -PRERELEASE¡I«ç»ò¤F¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>²³æ¦a»¡¡G¨º¥u¬O¦W¦r¦Ó¤w¡CRC ªº·N«ä¬O <quote>Release Candiate¡A
            µo¦æ­Ô¿ïª©¥»</quote>¡A¥¦ªí¥Ü·sª©¥»§Ö­nµo¦æ¤F¡C¦b FreeBSD ¤¤¡A
            -PRERELEASE ³q±`¬Oµo¦æ«eªºµ{¦¡½X­áµ²ªº¥N¦Wµü¡C(¦³¨Çµo¦æª©¥»¤¤¡A
            -BETA ¼ÐÅÒ¸ò -PRERELEASE ¬O¬Û¦P·N«äªº¡C)</para>

          <para>¸Ô²Ó¦a»¡¡GFreeBSD ±q¨â­Ó¦a¤è¤À¤ä¥X¥¦ªºµo¦æª©¥»¡C¥Dª©¸¹¡B
            ÂI¹s¡Brelease (¨Ò¦p 3.0-RELEASE ¤Î 4.0-RELEASE) ªº¡A¬O±qµo®i¹Lµ{
            ¶}©l®É¤À¤ä¥X¨Óªº¡A³q±`ºÙ¬° <link linkend="current">-CURRENT
            </link>¡C¦³°Æª©¸¹ªºª©¥» (¨Ò¦p 3.1-RELEASE ©Î 4.2-RELEASE)¡A¬O
            ¬¡ÅDªº <link linkend="stable">-STABLE</link> ¤À¤ä¤¤ªºµo¦æª©¥»
            §Ö·Ó¡C±q 4.3-RELEASE ¶}©l¡A¨C¤@­Óµo¦æª©¥»¦³¥¦¦Û¤vªº¤À¤ä¡A¥i¬°
            °¾¦n·¥«×«O¦uªºµo®i³t«× (³q±`¥u·|§@¦w¥þ¤è­±ªº§ó·s) ªº¤H©Ò¥Î¡C</para>

          <para>·Ç³Æ­n»s§@µo¦æª©¥»®É¡A¨ä©Ò¦bªº¤À¤ä·|¸g¹L¤@©wªºµ{§Ç¡C¦³¤@­Ó¬O
            µ{¦¡½X­áµ²¡C·íµ{¦¡½X­áµ²¶}©l®É¡A¤À¤ä¦WºÙ·|§ó¦W¡A¥H¤Ï¬M¥¦§Ö­n¦¨¬°
            ¤@­Óµo¦æª©¥»¤F¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A¦pªG­ì¨Óªº¤À¤ä¥s 4.5-STABLE¡A¥¦ªº¦W¦r
            ·|Åܦ¨ 4.6-PRERELEASE ¥Hªí¥Üµ{¦¡½X¤w­áµ²¡A¨Ã¥BÃB¥~ªºµo¦æ«e´ú¸Õ
            ±N­n¶}©l¤F¡C¯äÂΧ󥿤´¥i¦^³ø¡A¥H¦¨¬°µo¦æª©¥»ªº¤@³¡¥÷¡C·íµ{¦¡½X
            ¦³¤F¥i¦¨¬°µo¦æª©¥»ªºÂú§Î®É¡A¥¦ªº¦W¦r´N·|Åܦ¨ 4.6-RC¡A¥Hªí¥Üµo¦æ
            ª©¥»§Ö¦n¤F¡C¶i¤J RC ¶¥¬q«á¡A¥u¦³§ä¨ìªº³Ì¦³¼vÅTªº¯äÂΤ~·|³Q­×¥¿¡C
            ·íµo¦æª©¥» (¥»¨Ò¤¤¬° 4.6-RELEASE) ²£¥Í«á¡Aµo¦æª©¥»·|¦³¦Û¤vªº¤À¤ä¡A
            ­ì¤À¤ä·|³Q§ó¦W¬° 4.6-STABLE¡C</para>

          <para>·Q­n±oª¾§ó¦h¦³Ãöª©¥»¸¹½X»P¦U CVS ¤À¤äªº¸ê°T¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò
            <ulink url="../../articles/releng/article.html">Release
            Engineering</ulink> ¤@¤å¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="kernel-chflag-failure">
          <para>§Ú¸ÕµÛ­n¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó·sªº®Ö¤ß¡A¦ý¬OµLªk chflags¡C§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¸Ñ¨M¡H
          </para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>²³æ¦a»¡¡G§Aªº securelevel ¥i¯à¤j©ó¹s¡Cª½±µ­«·s¶}¾÷¨ì
            ³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¡A¦A¦w¸Ë®Ö¤ß¡C</para>

          <para>¸Ô²Ó¦a»¡¡GFreeBSD ¦b securelevel ¤j©ó¹s±¡ªp¤U¡A¤£¤¹³\
            Åܧó¨t²ÎºX¼Ð (system flags)¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î³o­Ó«ü¥OÀˬd§Aªº
            securelevel¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.securelevel</userinput></screen>

           <para>§A¨S¦³¿ìªk­°§C securelevel¡F§A¥²¶·±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¨ì³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¥H
            ¦w¸Ë®Ö¤ß¡A©Î¬O­×§ï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¤ºªº
            securelevel ¦A­«·s¶}¾÷¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &man.init.8; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o
            §ó¦h¦³Ãö securelevel ªº¸ê°T¡AÁÙ¦³ <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf
            </filename> ©M &man.rc.conf.5; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö rc.conf
            ªº¸ê°T¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="kernel-securelevel-time">
          <para>¦b§Úªº¨t²Î¤W¡A§ÚµLªkÅܧó®É¶¡¶W¹L¤@¬í¥H¤Wªº½d³ò¡I
            §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>²³æ¦aÁ¿¡G§A¨t²Îªº securelevel ¤]³\¤j©ó 1¡Cª½±µ­«·s¶}¾÷¦Ü
            ³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á¦A­×§ï®É¶¡¡C</para>

          <para>¸Ô²Ó¦a»¡¡G¦b securelevel ¤j©ó 1 ªº±¡ªp¤U¡AFreeBSD ¤£¤¹³\®É¶¡
            Åܰʤj©ó¤@¬í¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤Uªº©R¥O¨ÓÀˬd¥Ø«eªº securelevel¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.securelevel</userinput></screen>

           <para>§AµLªk­°§C securelevel¡F§A¥²¶·±Ò°Ê¹q¸£¦Ü³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¤U¥H­×§ï®É¶¡¡A
             ©Î¬O­×§ï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¦A­«·s¶}¾÷¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò
             &man.init.8; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö securelevel ªº¸ê°T¡AÁÙ¦³
             <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> ©M &man.rc.conf.5;
             »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö rc.conf ªº¸ê°T¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="statd-mem-leak">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò <command>rpc.statd</command> ¥Î¤F 256 megabytes
            ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¤£¡A¨º¤£¬O memory leak¡A¦Ó¥B¥¦¤]¤£¬O¯uªº¥Î¤F 256 Mbyte
            ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡C¥¦¥u¬O³ßÅw (·N«ä´N¬OÁ`·|³o¼Ë§@) ±N¤@ª¯²¼ªº°O¾ÐÅé
            ¬MÁ¨쥦¦Û¤vªº¦ì§}ªÅ¶¡¡A¥H¤è«K§@¨Æ¡C´N§Þ³N¦Ó¨¥¡A³o¼Ë¨Ã¨S¦³
            ¤°»ò¤£¹ï¡F³o¼Ë¥u¬O·|Åý &man.top.1; ©M &man.ps.1; À~¤@¤j¸õ¦Ó¤w¡C
          </para>

          <para>&man.rpc.statd.8; ·|±N¥¦ªºª¬ºAÀÉ®× (¦ì©ó <filename>/var
            </filename>) ¬M®g¦Ü¥¦ªº¦ì§}ªÅ¶¡¸Ì¡F¬°¤F¨¾¤î»Ý­nªº®É­Ô¦A¼W¤j©Ò
            ¾É­Pªº­«·s¬M®g¡A¥¦¤@¦¸·|¨Ï¥Î¬Û·í¤jªº¤j¤p¡C±qµ{¦¡½X¨Ó¬Ýªº¸Ü´N
            §ó©úÅã¤F¡A¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì &man.mmap.2; ªºªø«×°Ñ¼Æ¬° <literal>0x10000000
            </literal>¡A¥¦¬O IA32 ¬[ºc¤Wªº¤Q¤»¤À¤§¤@ªº©w§}ªÅ¶¡¡A¤]´N¬O
            256MB¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="unsetting-schg">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¨S¿ìªk¨ú®ø <literal>schg</literal> Àɮ׺X¼Ð¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>§A¥¿¦b¤@­Ó´£°ª¤F securelevel (¤]´N¬O¤j©ó 0) ªº¨t²Î¹B§@¡C
            ­°§C securelevel ¦A¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <link linkend="securelevel">
            FAQ ¤¤¹ï securelevel ªº»¡©ú</link> ©M &man.init.8; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡C
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ssh-shosts">
	  <para>¬°¤°»òªñ¨Óªº·sª© FreeBSD ¹w³]µLªk§Q¥Î <filename>.shosts
            </filename> §¹¦¨ SSH »{ÃÒ¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¬°¤°»òªñ¨Ó·sª© FreeBSD <filename>.shosts</filename> »{ÃÒ¹w³]
            ¬°¨ú®øªº­ì¦]¡A¬O¦]¬° &man.ssh.1; ¹w³]¤£¦w¸Ë¬° suid ¦¨ <username>
            root</username>¡C­n <quote>­×¥¿</quote> ³oÂI¡A§A¥i¥H§@¤U¦Cªº
            ¥ô¦ó¤@¥ó¨Æ¡G</para>

	  <itemizedlist>
	    <listitem>
	      <para>­n¤@³Ò¥Ã¶h¸Ñ¨M¡A½Ð±N <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>
                ¸Ìªº <makevar>ENABLE_SUID_SSH</makevar> ³]¦¨ <literal>true
                </literal>¡AµM«á¦A­«·s build ssh (©Î¬O°õ¦æ <command>make
                world</command>)¡C</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para>¥u§@¤@®Éªº­×¥¿ªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H <username>root</username> ¨­¥÷
                °õ¦æ <command>chmod 4755 /usr/bin/ssh</command> ±N
                <filename>/usr/bin/ssh</filename> ³]¦¨ <literal>4555
                </literal>¡CµM«á±N <makevar>ENABLE_SUID_SSH= true</makevar>
                ¥[¤J <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ¸Ì¡A³o¼Ë¤U¦¸
                <command>make world</command> °õ¦æ´N·|¥Í®Ä¤F¡C</para>
	    </listitem>
	  </itemizedlist>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="vnlru">
          <para>¤°»ò¬O <literal>vnlru</literal>?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>·í¨t²Î¹F¨ì¤W­­ <varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname> ®É¡A
            <literal>vnlru</literal> ·|²M°£¨ÃÄÀ©ñ vnode¡C³o­Ó®Ö¤ß
            °õ¦æºü¤j³¡¥÷ªº®É¶¡³£¨S¨Æ§@¡A¥u¦³·í§A¦³«Ü¤jªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A¦Ó¥B
            ¥¿¦b¦s¨ú¤W¸U­Ó¤pÀɮ׮ɡA¤~·|³Q±Ò°Ê¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="x">
    <chapterinfo>
      <author>
	<firstname>Wei-Hon</firstname>
	<surname>Chen</surname>
	<affiliation>
	  <address><email>plasmaball@pchome.com.tw</email></address>
	</affiliation>
      </author>
    </chapterinfo>

    <title>X Window System ¤Î Virtual Consoles</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="running-X">
          <para>§Ú·Q­n°õ¦æ X ¡A§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò°µ¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

          <para>³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O¦b¦w¸Ë¨t²Îªº®É­Ô¤@¨Ö¦w¸Ë¡C</para>

          <para>µM«á¬Ý¬Ý &man.xorgconfig.1; ªº¤å¥ó¡A³o­Óµ{¦¡¥i¥H
            À°±z³]©w &xorg; ¬ÛÃö³]©w¡A¨Ï¥¦¯à°÷¥¿½T¹B¥Î±zªºÅã¥Ü¥d¡B·Æ¹«µ¥¶gÃä¡C¦¹¥~¡AÁÙ¥i¥H¥Î &man.xorgcfg.1;
            ªº¹Ï§Î¤¶­±¨Ó°µ¬ÛÃö³]©w¡C</para>

          <para>±z©Î³\¤]·Q¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý Xaccel server¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð¬Ý <link linkend="xig">Xi Graphics</link>
            ³o¤@¬q¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="running-X-securelevels">
          <para>§Ú <emphasis>¸ÕµÛ</emphasis> ­n°õ¦æ X, ¦ý¬O·í§ÚÁä¤J
            <command>startx</command> ®É¡A±o¨ì
            <errorname>KDENABIO failed (Operation not permitted)</errorname>
            ¿ù»~¡C§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>§Aªº¨t²Î¤@©w´£°ª¤F securelevel¡A¹ï¤£¹ï¡H¦b¤@­Ó´£°ª¤F
            securelevel ªº¨t²Î¤W¡A¬Oµ´¹ïµLªk°_°Ê X ªº¡C·Qª¾¹D¬°¤°»ò¡A
            ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &man.init.8; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡C</para>

          <para>©Ò¥H³o­Ó°ÝÃDÅܦ¨¡G§AÁÙ¯à«ç»ò¿ì¡C°ò¥»¤W§A¦³¨âºØ¿ï¾Ü¡G
            ±N§Aªº securelevel ³]¦^¹s (³q±`¦b <filename>/etc/rc.conf
            </filename> ¸Ì­±³]©w)¡A©Î¬O¦b±Ò°Ê®É°õ¦æ &man.xdm.1; (¦b
            securelevel ³Qª@°ª«e)¡C</para>

          <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <xref linkend="xdm-boot"/> ¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö±Ò°Ê®É
            °õ¦æ &man.xdm.1; ªº¸ê°T¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="x-and-moused">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à¦b X ¸Ì¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦pªG±z¥Îªº¬O syscons (¤º©wªº console ÅX°Êµ{¦¡) ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H
            ¸g¥Ñ³]©w FreeBSD ¨ÓÅý¥¦¤ä´©¦b¨C­Ó virtual console ¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡C¬°¤F
            ÁקK©M X ²£¥Í½Ä¬ð¡Asyscons ¨Ï¥Î¤F¤@­Ó¥s°µ
            <devicename>/dev/sysmouse</devicename> ªºµêÀÀ¸Ë¸m¡C©Ò¦³·Æ¹«²£¥Íªº
            event ³£·|§Q¥Î moused ¨Ó¼g¨ì sysmouse ³o­Ó¸Ë¸m¡C¦pªG±z§Æ±æ¦b¤@­Ó
            ©Î¥H¤Wªº virtual console ¤W¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡A<emphasis>¨Ã¥B</emphasis>
            ¯à°÷¨Ï¥Î X ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò
            <xref linkend="moused" remap="another section"/> ¨Ã¥B³]©w¦n
            moused¡C</para>

          <para>µM«á½s¿è <filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename> ³o­ÓÀɮסA
            ¨Ã¥B½T»{§A¦³¥H¤U³o´X¦æªº³]©w¡C</para>

          <programlisting>Section         Pointer
Protocol        "SysMouse"
Device          "/dev/sysmouse"
....</programlisting>

          <para>¥H¤Wªº¨Ò¤l¡A¾A¥Î©ó XFree86 3.3.2 ¤Î¨ä«áªºª©¥»¡C¥Î©ó§ó¦­ªº
            ª©¥»ªº¡A¨ä <emphasis>Protocol</emphasis> À³¬°
            <emphasis>MouseSystems</emphasis>¡C</para>

          <para>¦³¨Ç¤H¤ñ¸û³ßÅw¦b³]©w X ªº®É­Ô¥Î
            <devicename>/dev/mouse</devicename> ³o­Ó¸Ë¸m¡C¦pªG±z­nÅý¥¦¯à°÷
            ¥¿±`¤u§@ªº¸Ü¡A±z´N¥²¶·§â <devicename>/dev/mouse</devicename>
            ³sµ²¨ì <devicename>/dev/sysmouse</devicename> (½Ð°Ñ¦Ò
            &man.sysmouse.4;):</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>rm -f mouse</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s sysmouse mouse</userinput></screen>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="x-and-wheel">
          <para>·Æ¹«ªººu½ü¡A¯à¦b X ¸Ì­±¨Ï¥Î¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥i¥H¡C¤£¹L»Ý­n³]©w X client ºÝµ{¦¡¡C ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ulink
            url="http://www.inria.fr/koala/colas/mouse-wheel-scroll/">
            Colas Nahaboo ªººô­¶
            (http://www.inria.fr/koala/colas/mouse-wheel-scroll/)
            </ulink>.</para>

          <para>¦pªG§A­n¨Ï¥Î <application>imwheel</application> µ{¦¡¡A
            ¥u­n¸òµÛ¤U¦C¨BÆJ§@§Y¥i¡C</para>

          <orderedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>Âà´«ºu½ü event
Translate the Wheel Events</para>

              <para><application>imwheel</application> µ{¦¡ªº¹B§@­ì²z¡A
                ¬O±N·Æ¹«ªº²Ä¥|Áä»P²Ä¤­ÁäÂà´«¦¨«öÁä event¡C¦]¬°¦p¦¹¡A©Ò¥H
                §A¥²¶·Åý·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡±N·Æ½ü¨Æ¥óÂà´«¦¨²Ä¥|Áä»P²Ä¤­Áä event¡C
                ¦³¨âºØ¤èªk¥i¥H¹F¨ì¥Øªº¡A¤@¬OÅý &man.moused.8; §@Âà´«¡A¤G¬O
                Åý X ¥»¨­¥h§@ event Âà´«¡C</para>

              <orderedlist>
                <listitem>
                  <para>¨Ï¥Î &man.moused.8; ¨ÓÂà´«ºu½ü Event</para>

                  <para>­nÅý &man.moused.8; ¨Ó§@ event Âà´«¡A¥u­n¦b
                    °õ¦æ &man.moused.8; ªº©R¥O¦C¤¤¥[¤W <option>-z 4</option>
                    §Y¥i¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A¦pªG§A¤@¯ë³£¬O¥H
                    <command>moused -p /dev/psm0</command> ¨Ó°_°Ê
                    &man.moused.8; ªº¸Ü¡A¥u­n§ï¦¨ <command>moused -p
                    /dev/psm0 -z 4</command> §Y¥i¡C¦pªG§A¬O¦b¶}¾÷¹Lµ{¤¤§Q¥Î
                    <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¨Ó°_°Ê &man.moused.8;¡A
                    §A¥i¥H¦b <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¤¤±N
                    <varname>moused_flags</varname> ¤W¥[ <option>-z 4
                    </option> §Y¥i¡C</para>

                  <para>§A²{¦b»Ý­nÅý X ª¾¹D§Aªº·Æ¹«¦³¤­­Ó«öÁä¡A¥u­n¦b
                    <filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename> ¤¤ªº
                    <quote>Pointer</quote> °Ï¶ô¤¤¥[¤W
                    <literal>Buttons 5</literal> ³o¤@¦æ§Y¥i¡C¨Ò¦p¡A
                    §A¥i¯à¦b <filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename> ¤¤¦³
                    ¥H¤Uªº <quote>Pointer</quote> °Ï¶ô¡G</para>

                  <example>

                    <title>¦b XFree86 3.3.x ¨t¦Cªº XF86Config ³]©wÀɪº
                      <quote>Pointer</quote> °Ï¶ô¤¤¡A¥H moused §@Âà´«
                      ªººu½ü¹«ªº³]©w½d¨Ò</title>

                    <programlisting>Section "Pointer"
   Protocol        "SysMouse"
   Device          "/dev/sysmouse"
   Buttons         5
EndSection</programlisting>
                  </example>

                  <example>
                    <title>¦b XFree86 4.x ¨t¦Cªº XF86Config ³]©wÀɪº
                      <quote>InputDevice</quote> °Ï¶ô¤¤¡A¥H X Server §@Âà´«
                      ªººu½ü¹«ªº³]©w½d¨Ò</title>

                    <programlisting>Section "InputDevice"
   Identifier      "Mouse1"
   Driver          "mouse"
   Option          "Protocol" "auto"
   Option          "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
   Option          "Buttons" "5"
EndSection</programlisting>
                  </example>

                  <example>
                    <title>¦b <quote>.emacs</quote> ¤¤¡A³]©wºu½ü¹«ªº­ì¥Í
                      ­¶­±ºu°Ê¤ä´©½d¨Ò</title>
                    <programlisting>;; wheel mouse
(global-set-key [mouse-4] 'scroll-down)
(global-set-key [mouse-5] 'scroll-up)</programlisting>
                  </example>

                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                  <para>§Q¥Î§Aªº X Server ¨Ó§@ºu½ü Event Âà´«</para>

                  <para>¦pªG§A¨S¦³°õ¦æ &man.moused.8;¡A©Î¬O§A¤£·Q§Q¥Î
                    &man.moused.8; ¥h§@ºu½ü event Âà´«¡A§A¥i¥H§ï¥Î
                    X server ¨Ó§@³o¼Ëªº event Âà´«¡C§A±o¦b <filename>
                    /etc/XF86Config</filename> Àɮפ¤§@´X­Ó§ó°Ê¡C²Ä¤@¡A
                    §A­n¬°§Aªº·Æ¹«¿ï¾Ü¾A·íªº³q°T¨ó©w¡C¤j¦h¼Æªººu½ü¹«³£
                    ¨Ï¥Î <quote>IntelliMouse</quote> ¨ó©w¡A¤£¹L XFree86
                    ¤]¤ä´©¨ä¥¦ªº³q°T¨ó©w¡A¨Ò¦pù§Þªº MouseMan+ ·Æ¹«©Ò¥Îªº
                    <quote>MouseManPlusPS/2</quote>¡C·í§A¿ï¦n¤§«á¡A¥u­n
                    ¥[¶i¤@¦æ <quote>Pointer</quote> °Ï¶ôªº <varname>
                    Protocol</varname> ÅܼƧY¥i¡C</para>

                  <para>²Ä¤G¡A§A­n§i¶D X server ±N±²°Ê¨Æ¥ó­«·s¹ï¬M¦Ü·Æ¹«ªº
                    ²Ä¥|©M²Ä¤­Áä¡C³o¥i¥H§Q¥Î <varname>ZAxisMapping</varname>
                    ¿ï¶µ¿ì¨ì¡C</para>

                  <para>Á|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A¦pªG§A¨S¦³¨Ï¥Î &man.moused.8;¡A¦Ó§A¦³¤@­Ó
                    IntelliMouse ¦w¸Ë¦b PS/2 ·Æ¹«°ðªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥H¦b
                    <filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename> ¸Ì¨Ï¥Î¥H¤Uªº³]©w¡C
                  </para>

                  <example>
                    <title>¦b XF86Config ³]©wÀɪº <quote>Pointer</quote>
                      °Ï¶ô¤¤¡A¥H X Server §@Âà´«ªººu½ü¹«ªº³]©w½d¨Ò</title>

                    <programlisting>Section "Pointer"
   Protocol        "IntelliMouse"
   Device          "/dev/psm0"
   ZAxisMapping    4 5
EndSection</programlisting>
                  </example>

                  <example>
                    <title>¦b XFree86 4.x ¨t¦Cªº XF86Config ³]©wÀɪº
                      <quote>InputDevice</quote> °Ï¶ô¤¤¡A¥H X Server §@Âà´«
                      ªººu½ü¹«ªº³]©w½d¨Ò</title>

                    <programlisting>Section "InputDevice"
   Identifier      "Mouse1"
   Driver          "mouse"
   Option          "Protocol" "auto"
   Option          "Device" "/dev/psm0"
   Option          "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection</programlisting>
                  </example>

                  <example>
                    <title>¦b <quote>.emacs</quote> ¤¤¡A³]©wºu½ü¹«ªº­ì¥Í
                      ­¶­±ºu°Ê¤ä´©½d¨Ò</title>
                    <programlisting>;; wheel mouse
(global-set-key [mouse-4] 'scroll-down)
(global-set-key [mouse-5] 'scroll-up)</programlisting>
                  </example>

                </listitem>
              </orderedlist>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>¦w¸Ë <application>imwheel</application></para>

              <para>±µ¤U¨Ó¡A±q Ports ¸Ì¦w¸Ë <application>imwheel
                </application>¡C¦b x11 Ãþ§O¸Ì¥i¥H§ä¨ì¥¦¡A¥¦¥i¥H±N
                ºu½ü event ¹ï¬M¨ìÁä½L event¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A¥¦¥i¥H¦b§A
                ±Nºu½ü©¹«e±À®É¡A°e¥X¤@­Ó <keycap>Page Up</keycap>
                ¨ì§AªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¥h¡C<application>Imwheel</application>
                §Q¥Î¤@­Ó³]©wÀÉ¡A¥H«K¹ïÀ³ºu½ü event ¦ÜÁä½L event¡A³o¼Ë
                ¥¦´N¥i¥H¦b¤£¦PªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¤¤¡A°e¥X¤£¦PªºÁä½L«öÁä¡C¹w³]ªº
                <application>imwheel</application> ³]©wÀɬO¦b
                <filename>/usr/X11R6/etc/imwheelrc</filename>¡A¦pªG§A·Q
                ½s¿è¦Û­qªº³]©wÀɪº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H±N¥¦½Æ»s¨ì
                <filename>~/.imwheelrc</filename>¡AµM«á¨Ì§Aªº»Ý­n­×§ï¥¦¡C
                ³]©wÀɪº®æ¦¡¦b &man.imwheel.1; ¸Ì­±¦³¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>³]©w <application>Emacs</application> »P
                <application>Imwheel</application> ¨ó¦P¤u§@
                (<emphasis>¿ï¾Ü©Ê</emphasis>)</para>

              <para>¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î <application>emacs</application> ©Î¬O
                <application>Xemacs</application> ªº¸Ü¡A¨º§A»Ý­n¦b§Aªº
                <filename>~/.emacs</filename> Àɮ׸̥[¤W¤@¤p¬q³]©w¡C
                <application>emacs</application> ½Ð¥[¤W³o¤@¬q¡G</para>

              <example>
                <title><application>Imwheel</application> ªº
                <application>Emacs</application> ³]©w</title>

                <programlisting>;;; For imwheel
(setq imwheel-scroll-interval 3)
(defun imwheel-scroll-down-some-lines ()
  (interactive)
  (scroll-down imwheel-scroll-interval))
(defun imwheel-scroll-up-some-lines ()
  (interactive)
  (scroll-up imwheel-scroll-interval))
(global-set-key [?\M-\C-\)] 'imwheel-scroll-up-some-lines)
(global-set-key [?\M-\C-\(] 'imwheel-scroll-down-some-lines)
;;; end imwheel section</programlisting>
              </example>

              <para><application>Xemacs</application> «h¦b
                <filename>~/.emacs</filename> Àɸ̥[¤W³o¤@¬q¡G</para>

              <example>
                <title><application>Imwheel</application> ªº
                <application>Xemacs</application> ³]©w</title>

                <programlisting>;;; For imwheel
(setq imwheel-scroll-interval 3)
(defun imwheel-scroll-down-some-lines ()
  (interactive)
  (scroll-down imwheel-scroll-interval))
(defun imwheel-scroll-up-some-lines ()
  (interactive)
  (scroll-up imwheel-scroll-interval))
(define-key global-map [(control meta \))] 'imwheel-scroll-up-some-lines)
(define-key global-map [(control meta \()] 'imwheel-scroll-down-some-lines)
;;; end imwheel section</programlisting>
              </example>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>°õ¦æ <application>Imwheel</application></para>

              <para>¦w¸Ë¤§«á¡A§A¥i¥Hª½±µ¦b xterm ¸ÌÁä¤J <command>imwheel
                </command> ©R¥O¥H°_°Ê¥¦¡C¥¦·|¥H­I´º°õ¦æ¡A¨Ã¥B°¨¤Wµo´§®Ä¥Î¡C
                ¦pªG§A½T©w­nª½±µ¨Ï¥Î <application>imwheel</application>¡A
                ¥u­n§â¥¦¥[¶i§A¦Û¤vªº <filename>.xinitrc</filename> ©Î
                <filename>.xsession</filename> ¤ºÀɮקY¥i¡C§A¥i¥H¤£ºÞ
                <application>imwheel</application> ©Ò°e¥X¨Ó¦³Ãö PID ÀÉ®×
                ĵ§i¡C¨º¨Çĵ§i¥u¹ï Linux ª©ªº <application>imwheel
                </application> ¦³®Ä¦Ó¤w¡C</para>
            </listitem>
          </orderedlist>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="window-menu-weird">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò X Window ªº¿ï³æ©M¹ï¸Ü®Ø¤£¯à¥¿±`¹B§@¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>§â Num Lock Ãö±¼¸Õ¸Õ¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG±zªº Num Lock ¦b¶}¾÷®Éªº¹w³]­È¬O¶}µÛªº¸Ü¡A±z¥²¶·§â¤U¦C
            ³o¦æ©ñ¨ì <filename>XF86Config</filename> ³]©wÀɤ¤ªº
            <literal>Keyboard</literal> ³¡¥÷¡C</para>

          <programlisting># Let the server do the NumLock processing.  This should only be
# required when using pre-R6 clients
    ServerNumLock</programlisting>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="virtual-console">
          <para>¤°»ò¬O virtual console¡H§Ú­n«ç»ò°µ¤~¯à¥Î¦h¤@ÂI¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>²³æ¨Ó»¡¡Avirtual console ´N¬O¥i¥HÅý±z¤£¥²°µ¤Ó¦h½ÆÂøªº³]©w
            ¦p¨Ï¥Îºô¸ô©Î°õ¦æ X ¡A¦Ó¦b¦P¤@»O¾÷¾¹¤W¦P®É°µ¦n´X¥ó¨Æªº¤èªk¡C</para>

          <para>·í±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¨ÃÅã¥Ü§¹©Ò¦³¶}¾÷°T®§¤§«á¡A±z´N·|¦b¿Ã¹õ¤W¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó
             login ªº´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡C¦b³o­Ó®É­Ô±z´N¥i¥H¿é¤J±zªº login name ¥H¤Î
             password ¡AµM«á´N¥i¥H¦b²Ä¤@­Ó virtual console ¤W¶}©l¤u§@¤F
             (©ÎªÌ¶}©lª±¡I) ¡C</para>

          <para>¦b¬Y¨Ç±¡ªp¤U¡A±z¥i¯à·|·Q­n§@¨ä¥Lªº¤u§@¡A¨Ò¦p»¡¬O¬Ý¬Ý±z¥¿¦b
            °õ¦æªºµ{¦¡ªº»¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A©Î¬O·í±z¦b FTP ¶Ç¿éªºµ¥«Ý®É¶¡¤¤¬Ý¬Ý±zªº
            ¶l¥ó¡C±z¥u»Ý­n«ö Alt-F2 («ö¦í Alt Á䤣©ñ¡A¨Ã«ö¤U F2 Áä) ¡AµM«á
            ±z´N·|¦b²Ä¤G­Ó <quote>virtual console</quote> ¤W¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó login
            ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡I·í±z·Q­n¦^¨ì­ì¨Óªº¤u§@®É¡A½Ð«ö Alt-F1¡C</para>

          <para>FreeBSD ¦b¦w¸Ë®Éªº¹w³]­È¬O¨Ï¥Î¤T­Ó virtual console
            (3.3-RELEASE «á¬°¤K­Ó)¡A±z¥i¥H¥Î Alt-F1¡AAlt-F2¡A¥H¤Î Alt-F3
            ¦b¥¦­Ì¤§¶¡°µ¤Á´«¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG±z·Q­n¦h¤@ÂI virtual console ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥u»Ý­n½s¿è
            <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ³o­ÓÀÉ (½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &man.ttys.5;)¡A
            ¦b <quote>Virtual terminals</quote> ³o­Óµù¸Ñ«á­±¥[¤J
            <devicename>ttyv4</devicename> ¨ì <devicename>ttyvc</devicename>
            ªºÄæ¦ì¡G</para>

          <programlisting># Edit the existing entry for ttyv3 in /etc/ttys and change
# "off" to "on".
ttyv3   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
ttyv4   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
ttyv5   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
ttyv6   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
ttyv7   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
ttyv8   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
ttyv9   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
ttyva   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure</programlisting>

          <para>±z·Q¥Î´X­Ó´N³]´X­Ó¡C±z³]¶V¦h virtual terminal ¡A¥¦­Ì´N¥Î±¼
            ¶V¦h¨t²Î¸ê·½¡F¦pªG±z¥u¦³¤£¨ì 8MB ªº°O¾ÐÅ骺¸Ü¡A³o¼vÅT´N¤j¤F¡C
            ±z¥i¯à¤]·|·Q§â <literal>secure</literal> ´«¦¨
            <literal>insecure</literal>¡C</para>

            <important>
              <para>¦pªG±z·Q­n°õ¦æ X ªº¸Ü¡A±z <emphasis>¥²¶·</emphasis>
                ¬°¥¦«O¯d (©ÎÃö±¼) ¦Ü¤Ö¤@­Ó virtual terminal ¡C³o´N¬O»¡¡A¦pªG
                ±z·Q¦b«ö¤Q¤G­Ó Alt ¥\¯àÁä®É³£¦³ login ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡A¦Ó¥B¤S¦b¦P¤@
                ³¡¹q¸£¤W¤]·Q°õ¦æ X ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò³o¯u¬O¤Ó¤£©¯¤F - ±z¥u¯à¥Î¤Q¤@­Ó¡C
              </para>
            </important>

          <para>¨ú®ø¤@­Ó console ³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O§â¥¦Ãö±¼¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG
            ±z¹³¤W­±Á¿ªº¤@¼Ë³]©w¤F¥þ³¡ªº 12 ­Ó terminal ¨Ã¥B·Q­n°õ¦æ X ¡A
            ±z¥²»Ý§â virtual terminal 12 ±q¡G</para>

          <programlisting>ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure</programlisting>

          <para>³]¦¨¡G</para>

          <programlisting>ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  off secure</programlisting>

          <para>¦pªG±zªºÁä½L¥u¦³ 10 ­Ó¥\¯àÁ䪺¸Ü¡A±z´N­n§ï¦¨³o¼Ë¡G</para>

<programlisting>ttyv9   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  off secure
ttyva   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  off secure
ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  off secure</programlisting>

          <para>(±z¤]¥i¥Hª½±µ§â³o´X¦æ¬å±¼¡C)</para>

          <para>¤@¥¹±z§ï¤F <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>¡A¤U¤@­Ó¨BÆJ´N¬O­n
            ½T©w±z¦³¨¬°÷ªº virtual terminal ¸Ë¸m¡C³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV vty12</userinput></screen>

          <para>¦A¹L¨Ó¡A·Q­n±Ò°Ê³o¨Ç virtual console ³Ì²³æ (¤]¬O³Ì°®²b)
            ªº°µªk´N¬O­«¶}¾÷¡CµM«á¡A¦pªG±z¤£·Q­«¶}¾÷ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H§â X Window
            Ãö±¼¡AµM«á¥Î <username>root</username> ªº¨­¥÷°õ¦æ¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -HUP 1</userinput></screen>

          <para>·í±z°õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O«e¡A±z¤@©w­n§¹¥þ§â X Window Ãö±¼¡C¦pªG
            ±z¤£³o»ò°µªº¸Ü¡A±zªº¨t²Î¥i¯à·|¦b±z°õ¦æ kill ©R¥O«á¥X²{·í±¼©Î
            Âꦺªº±¡ªp¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="vty-from-x">
          <para>§Ú­n«ç»ò±q X ¤Á´«¨ì virtual console¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>½Ð¥Î <keycombo action="simul">
              <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
              <keycap>Alt</keycap>
              <keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap>
            </keycombo> ¥H¤Á¦^¦Ü virtual console¡C
            <keycombo action="simul">
              <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
              <keycap>Alt</keycap>
              <keycap>F1</keycap>
            </keycombo> ¥i¥H¤Á¦^¦Ü²Ä¤@­Ó virtual console¡C</para>

          <para>·í§A¤Á¦^¦Ü¤å¦r console «á¡A§A´N¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤@¯ë
            <keycombo action="simul">
              <keycap>Alt</keycap>
              <keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap>
            </keycombo> «öÁä²Õ¦X¡A¦b¦U console ¤§¶¡¤Á´«¡C</para>

          <para>­n¦^¨ì X ªº¸Ü¡A§A¥²¶·¤Á¦^¦Ü°õ¦æ X ªº virtual console¡C
            ¦pªG§A¬O±q©R¥O¦C¸Ì°_°Ê X ªº¸Ü (¨Ò¦p¨Ï¥Î <command>startx</command>
            «ü¥O)¡A¨º»ò X ·|¨Ìªþ¦b¤U¤@­Ó¥¼¨Ï¥Îªº virtual console¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¥¦³Q
            °_°Êªº¤å¦r console¡C¦pªG§A¦³¤K­Ó¨Ï¥Î¤¤ªº virtual terminal¡A¨º»ò
            X ´N·|¦b²Ä¤E­Ó¤W°õ¦æ¡A§A´N¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î
            <keycombo action="simul">
              <keycap>Alt</keycap>
              <keycap>F9</keycap>
            </keycombo> ¥Hªð¦^¦Ü X ¤¤¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="xdm-boot">
          <para>§Ú­n«ç»ò°µ¤~¯à¦b¶}¾÷®É±Ò°Ê XDM¡H</para>
        </question><answer>

          <para>¦³¨âºØ¤èªk¥i¥H±Ò°Ê <ulink
            url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&amp;query=xdm">
            xdm</ulink>¡C¤@ºØ¤èªk¬O±q <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ¨Ó±Ò°Ê¡A
            ¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò &man.ttys.5; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¤¤ªº½d¨Ò¡F¥t¤@ºØ¤èªk¬O¦b
            <filename>rc.local</filename> (½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &man.rc.8;) °õ¦æ xdm¡A©Î¬O
            ¦b <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename> ©ñ¤@­Ó
            <filename>X.sh</filename>¡C³o¨âºØ¤èªk³£¬O¦Xªkªº¡A¦pªG±z¸Õ¬Y¤@ºØ
            ¤èªkµL®Äªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¥t¥~¤@ºØ¡C³o¨âºØ¤èªkªºµ²ªG¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡GX
            ·|Åã¥Ü¤@­Ó¹Ï§Î¤Æªº login: ´£¥Ü¡C</para>

          <para>¥Î ttys ªº¤èªkªºÀuÂI¡A¦b©ó«ü©ú¤F X ¦b±Ò°Ê®É¨ì©³¬O¥Î¨º­Ó vty¡A
            ¨Ã¥B±N logout ®É­«·s±Ò°Ê X server ªº³d¥ô¥áµ¹ init¡C rc.local
            ªº¤èªk«h¬O¦b·í±Ò°Ê X ¥X¤F°ÝÃD®É¡A¥i¥H«Ü»´ÃP¦a§â xdm ±þ±¼¨Ó¸Ñ¨M
            °ÝÃD¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG¬O¥Î rc.local ªº¤èªk¡A¦b°õ¦æ <command>xdm</command>
            ®É±z¤£¯à¥[¥ô¦ó°Ñ¼Æ¡]¤]´N¬O¶]¦¨ daemon¡^¡C¥²¶·¦b getty °õ¦æ«á
            ¤~¯à±Ò°Ê xdm¡A§_«h getty ©M xdm ·|¤¬¬Û½Ä¬ð¦ÓÂê¦í console¡C³Ì¦nªº
            ¤è¦¡¬O¦b script ¤¤¥[­Ó sleep¡AÅý¥¦¼È°± 10 ¬íÄÁ¥ª¥k¡A±µµÛ¤~°õ¦æ
             xdm¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG§A¬O±q <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ±Ò°Ê
            <command>xdm</command>¡A<command>xdm</command> »P &man.getty.8;
            ¤´¦³¾÷·|¤¬¬Û½Ä¬ð¡C¤@­ÓÁקK¥¦ªº¤èªk¡A´N¬O¦b
            <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers</filename> Àɮפ¤¥[¤J
            <literal>vt</literal> ¼Æ¦r¡C</para>

          <programlisting>:0 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X vt4</programlisting>

          <para>¤W­±ªº¨Ò¤l¤¤¡A·|«ü¥Ü X server ¦b <devicename>/dev/ttyv3
            </devicename> ¤¤°õ¦æ¡C½Ðª`·N¼Æ¦r¬O®t¤@ªº¡CX server ±q¤@¶}©l¼Æ
            vty¡A¦Ó FreeBSD ®Ö¤ß«h¬O±q¹s¶}©l¼Æ vty ªº¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="xconsole-failure">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò·í§Ú°õ¦æ xconsole ®É¡Aµo¥Í¤F
            <errorname>Couldn't open console</errorname> ªº¿ù»~¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦pªG§A¬O¥Î <command>startx</command> ¨Ó±Ò°Ê <command>startx
            </command> ªº¸Ü¡A<devicename>/dev/console</devicename> ªºÅv­­¨Ã
            <emphasis>¤£·|</emphasis> §ïÅÜ¡Aµ²ªG´N¬O <command>xterm -C
            </command> ©M <command>xconsole</command> ³oÃþªºµ{¦¡µLªk
            ¥¿±`°õ¦æ¡C</para>

          <para>³o¤@¤Áªº°ÝÃD¡A³£¬O¦]¬° console ªºÅv­­¬O±Ä¥Î¨t²Î¹w³]­È¡C
            ¦b¤@­Ó¦h¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¨t²Î¸Ì¡A§Ú­Ì¤£§Æ±æ¨C­Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£¥i¥Hª½±µ¼g¤J¨t²Î
            console ¡C¦pªG¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¬O±q¾÷¾¹ªº VTY ª½±µ login ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò
            &man.fbtab.5; ¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M³oÃþªº°ÝÃD¡C</para>

          <para>²³æ¦a»¡¡A½Ð½T«O <filename>/etc/fbtab</filename> (½Ð°Ñ¦Ò
            &man.fbtab.5;) ³o­ÓÀɮפ¤ªº³o¤@¦æ¨S¦³³Qµù¸Ñ±¼¡G</para>

          <programlisting>/dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/console</programlisting>

          <para>³o¤@¦æ³]©wªº¦s¦b¥i¥H½T«O±q <devicename>/dev/ttyv0</devicename>
            µn¤Jªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¥H±±¨î console¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="xfree86-root">
          <para>¥H«e§Ú¥i¥H¥H¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌ°õ¦æ XFree86¡A¬°¤°»ò²{¦b¥¦»¡§Ú¤@©w­n
            ¥H <username>root</username> ¤~¯à°õ¦æ¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>©Ò¦³ªº X server ³£»Ý­n¥H <username>root</username> ¨Ó°õ¦æ¡A
            ¤~¯àª½±µ¦s¨ú§Aªºµø°TµwÅé¡Cª©¥»ªº XFree86 (&lt;= 3.3.6) ·|¦Û°Ê
            ±N©Òªþªº server ¥H§Q¥Î <username>root</username> ¨­¥÷°õ¦æªº¤è¦¡
            ¦w¸Ë°_¨Ó  (setuid ¬° <username>root</username>)¡C¥Ñ©ó X server
            ³£¬OÅé¿nÃe¤j¤S½ÆÂøªºµ{¦¡¡AÅã¦Ó©ö¨£¦a¡A³o¬O¤@­Ó¦w¥þ¤Wªº¨aÃø¡C
            ¦]¬°³o­Ó­ì¦]¡A·sª©ªº XFree86 ´N¤£±N³o¨Ç server ¥H setuid ¬°
            <username>root</username> ªº¤è¦¡¦w¸Ë¡C</para>

          <para>«Ü©úÅã¦a¡A§Ú­Ì§¹¥þµLªk±µ¨ü±N X server ¥H
            <username>root</username> ªº¨­¥÷°õ¦æ¡C°_½X´N¦w¥þ¤W¤£¬O­Ó¦n¥D·N¡C
            ¦³¨âºØ¤èªk¥i¥H¥H¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¨­¥÷¨Ï¥Î X¡C²Ä¤@¬O§Q¥Î
            <command>xdm</command> ©Î¬O¨ä¥¦ªº display manager (¨Ò¦p
            <command>kdm</command>)¡F²Ä¤G¬O§Q¥Î <command>Xwrapper</command>¡C
          </para>

          <para><command>xdm</command> ¬O¤@­Ó³B²z¹Ï§Î¬É­±µn¤Jªº daemon¡C
            ¥¦³q±`¦b¶}¾÷®É°õ¦æ°_¨Ó¡A¦Ó¥B­t³d¹ï¨Ï¥ÎªÌ§@¨­¥÷»{ÃÒ¡A¥H¤Î°_°Ê
            ¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¤u§@Àô¹Ò¡F¥¦¥i»¡¬O¹Ï§ÎÀô¹Ò¤Uªº &man.getty.8; »P
            &man.login.1; ªº¹ïÀ³µ{¦¡¡C·Q±oª¾§ó¦h¦³Ãö <command>xdm</command>
            ªº¸ê°T¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ulink url="http://www.xfree86.org/support.html">
            XFree86 ¤å¥ó</ulink>¡A¥H¤Î¨ä <link linkend="xdm-boot">FAQ
            ¶µ¥Ø</link>¡C</para>

          <para><command>Xwrapper</command> ¬O X server ªº¥]¸Ëµ{¦¡¡F¥¦¥i¥H
            Åý¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¥H¤â°Ê°_°Ê X server ªº¤p¤u¨ã¡A¦ÓÁÙ¯àºû«ù¤@©wªº¦w¥þ
            Àô¹Ò¡C¥¦·|Àˬd¶Ç¤Jªº©R¥O¦C°Ñ¼Æ¡A¦pªG¨S°ÝÃDªº¸Ü¡A´N°_°Ê¾A·íªº
            X server¡C¦pªG§A¦]¬°¬YºØ²z¥Ñ¦Ó¤£·Q°õ¦æ display manager ªº¸Ü¡A
            ¥¦¬O¬°§A¦Ó³]©wªº¡C¦pªG§A¦w¸Ë¤F§¹¾ãªº ports¡A§A¥i¥H¦b
            <filename>/usr/ports/x11/wrapper</filename> ¤¤§ä¨ì¥¦¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ps2-x">
          <para>§Úªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«¦b X ¤¤¦³ÂI¤£¥¿±`¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>±zªº·Æ¹«©M±zªº·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥i¯à¦s¦b¦³¤£¦P¨Bªº²{¶H¡C</para>

          <para>¦b 2.2.5 ¥H¤Î§ó¦­ªº¨t²Î¸Ì¡A±q X ¤Á¨ì virtual terminal µM«á
            ¦A¤Á¦^¨Ó´N¥i¥H¨Ï¥¦­Ì­«·s°µ¦P¨Bªº°Ê§@¡C¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃD±`±`µo¥Íªº¸Ü¡A
            ±z¥i¥H¦b±zªº kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤¥[¤J¤U­±³o­Ó¿ï¶µµM«á­«·s½sĶ¡G</para>

          <programlisting>options PSM_CHECKSYNC</programlisting>

          <para>¦pªG±z¨S¦³«Ø¥ß kernel ªº¸gÅç¡A½Ð¬Ý
             <link linkend="make-kernel">¦Û­q®Ö¤ß</link> ³o¤@¸`¡C</para>

          <para>¥[¤W³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¥H«á¡A·Æ¹«©M·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¶¡ªº¦P¨B°ÝÃDÀ³¸Ó´N¤ñ¸û
            ¤£·|¥X²{¤F¡C¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃD¤´µM¦s¦bªº¸Ü¡A¦b²¾°Ê·Æ¹«®É«ö«ö·Æ¹««öÁä
            ¥i¥H¨Ï·Æ¹«©M·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡­«·s°µ¦P¨Bªº°Ê§@¡C</para>

          <para>¸Óª`·Nªº¬O³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¨Ã¤£¬O¹ï¨C¤@­Ó¨t²Î³£¦³®Ä¡A¥¦¥i¯à·|Åý±µ¦b
             PS/2 ·Æ¹«¦ì¸mªº ALPS GlidePoint ¸Ë¸m¥¢¥h <quote>tap</quote>
             ³o¶µ¥\¯à¡C</para>

          <para>¦b 2.2.6 ¤Î¨ä«áªºª©¥»¡A¦P¨Bªº½T»{¤w¸g¦³¤F¸û¦nªº¸Ñ¨M¿ìªk¡A
            ¦Ó¥B³o¨Ç³£¤w¸g¬O PS/2 ·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº¼Ð·Ç¤F¡C³o­Ó¤èªk¤]¥i¥H¦b
            GlidePoint ¤W¥¿±`¤u§@¡C (¦]¬°½T»{ªºµ{¦¡½X¤w¸g¦¨¬°¤@­Ó¼Ð·Ç¥\¯à¡A
            ©Ò¥H¦b³o¨Çª©¥»¤¤§Ú­Ì¤£¦b´£¨Ñ PSM_CHECKSYNC ªº¿ï¶µ¤F¡C) ¤£¹L¦b
            ·¥¤Ö¼Æªº®×¨Ò¤¤¡A³o¨ÇÅX°Êµ{¦¡·|»~³ø¦P¨B©Ê¿ù»~¡AµM«á±z´N·|¬Ý¨ì
            ³o¼Ëªº®Ö¤ß°T®§¡G</para>

          <programlisting>psmintr: out of sync (xxxx != yyyy)</programlisting>

          <para>µM«á±z´N·|µo²{±zªº·Æ¹«¤£¯à¥¿±`¹B§@¤F¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG±zµo¥Í¤F³o¼Ëªºª¬ªp¡A±z¥²¶·Âǥѧâ PS/2 ·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº flag
            ³]¦¨ 0x100 ¨Ó§â¦P¨B½T»{ªºµ{¦¡½Xµ¹¨ú®ø±¼¡CµM«á¦b¶}¾÷´£¥Ü²Å¸¹®É¥Î
            <option>-c</option> ¿ï¶µ¨Ó¶i¤J <emphasis>UserConfig</emphasis>¡G
          </para>

          <screen>boot: <userinput>-c</userinput></screen>

          <para>µM«á¡A¦b <emphasis>UserConfig</emphasis> ©R¥O¦C¤¤Áä¤J¡G</para>

          <screen>UserConfig&gt; <userinput>flags psm0 0x100</userinput>
UserConfig&gt; <userinput>quit</userinput></screen>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ps2-mousesystems">
          <para>§Úªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«¤£¯à³z¹L MouseSystem ¨Ó¹B§@¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦³¤@¨Ç³ø§i«ü¥X¬Y¨Ç¼tµPªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«¥u¯à¦b
            <quote>°ª¸ÑªR«×</quote> ª¬ºA¤U¤~¯à¹B§@¡C¦pªG¤£¬Oªº¸Ü¡A·Æ¹«´å¼Ð
            ·|±`±`¶]¨ì¿Ã¹õªº¥ª¤W¨¤¥h¡C</para>

          <para>«D±`¤£©¯ªº¡A³o­Ó°ÝÃD¦b 2.0.X ©M 2.1.X ¤U¬OµL¸Ñªº¡C¦b 2.2
            ¨ì 2.2.5 ª©¡A±z¥i¥H¹ï <filename>/sys/i386/isa/psm.c</filename>
            ¨Ï¥Î¤U¦C patch µM«á­««Ø±zªº®Ö¤ß¡C¦pªG±z¨S¦³«Ø¥ß kernel ªº¸gÅç¡A
            ½Ð¬Ý <link linkend="make-kernel">¦Û­q®Ö¤ß</link> ³o¸`¡C</para>

          <programlisting>@@ -766,6 +766,8 @@
     if (verbose &gt;= 2)
         log(LOG_DEBUG, "psm%d: SET_DEFAULTS return code:%04x\n",
             unit, i);
+    set_mouse_resolution(sc-&gt;kbdc, PSMD_RES_HIGH);
+
 #if 0
     set_mouse_scaling(sc-&gt;kbdc);        /* 1:1 scaling */
     set_mouse_mode(sc-&gt;kbdc);                /* stream mode */</programlisting>

          <para>¦b 2.2.6 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¡A¦b PS/2 ·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤¤³]©w 0x04 ªº
             flag ·|§â·Æ¹«³]¦¨°ª¸ÑªR«×¼Ò¦¡¡C¦b¶}¾÷´£¥Ü²Å¸¹®É¥Î
             <option>-c</option> ¿ï¶µ¨Ó¶i¤J <emphasis>UserConfig</emphasis>¡G
          </para>

          <screen>boot: <userinput>-c</userinput></screen>

          <para>µM«á¡A¦b <emphasis>UserConfig</emphasis> ªº©R¥O¦C¤¤Áä¤J¡G
            </para>

          <screen>UserConfig&gt; <userinput>flags psm0 0x04</userinput>
UserConfig&gt; <userinput>quit</userinput></screen>

          <para>«e¤@¸`¦³´£¨ì¥t¤@­Ó¥i¯à¾É­P·Æ¹«°ÝÃDªº­ì¦]¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="imake-tmpl">
          <para>·í§Ú«Ø¥ß X µ{¦¡®É¡A<command>imake</command> »¡¥¦§ä¤£¨ì
            <filename>Imake.tmpl</filename>¡C¥¦¦b­þ¨à¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

          <para><filename>Imake.tmpl</filename> ¬O Imake ®M¥óªº¤@³¡¥÷¡AImake
            ¬O¼Ð·Çªº«Ø¥ß X µ{¦¡ªº¤u¨ã¡C <filename>Imake.tmpl</filename>
            ©M¨ä¥L¼Æ­Ó header file ¤@¼Ë¬O«Ø¥ß X µ{¦¡ªº¥²­nÀɮסA±z¥i¥H¦b
            X prog distribution ¤¤§ä¨ì¥¦­Ì¡C±z¥i¥H¥Î sysinstall(&os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>)
             ¨Ó¦w¸Ë©Î¬Oª½±µ±q X distribution ¤¤¤â°Ê¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="xfree86-version">
          <para>§Ú¦b build ¤@­Ó X À³¥Îµ{¦¡¡A¥¦»Ý­n XFree86 3.3.x¡A¦ý¬O
            §Ú¤w¸g¦w¸Ë XFree86 4.x ¤F¡C§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>­n§i¶D port ¦b½sĶµ{¦¡®É¡A¨Ï¥Î XFree86 4.x ¨ç¦¡®w¡A§A¥i¥H
            ¦b <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ¸Ì (¦pªG§A¨S¦³³o­ÓÀÉ¡A
            ½Ð«Ø¥ß¥¦) ¥[¤W¤U­±³o¤@¦æ¡G</para>

	  <programlisting>XFREE86_VERSION=        4</programlisting>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="mouse-button-reverse">
          <para>§Ú­n«ç»ò°µ¤~¯à³]©w¥ªºJ¤l¥Îªº·Æ¹«¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦b±zªº <filename>.xinitrc</filename> ©Î¬O
            <filename>.xsession</filename> ¤¤°õ¦æ
            <literal>xmodmap -e "pointer = 3 2 1"</literal> ªº«ü¥O¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="install-splash">
          <para>­n¦p¦ó¦w¸Ë splash ¹Ï§ÎÅã¥Üµ{¦¡¡H¨º¸Ì¥i¥H§ä±o¨ì©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

          <para>´N¦bµo¦æ FreeBSD 3.1 ¤§«e¡A§Ú­Ì¥[¶i¤F¦b¶}¾÷®ÉÅã¥Ü
            <quote>splash</quote> ¹Ï§Îªº·s¥\¯à¡C¥Ø«e¥Î¨ÓÅã¥Ü¦b¿Ã¹õ¤WªºÀÉ®×
            ¥²¶·¬O 256 ¦âªºÂI¯x°}¹Ï§Î (<filename>*.BMP</filename>) ©Î ZSoft
            PCX(<filename>*.PCX</filename>) ªº®æ¦¡¡C°£¦¹¤§¥~¡A¸ÑªR«×¤]¥²¶·¦b
            320x200 ¥H¤U¡A¤~¯à©M¼Ð·Ç VGA Åã¥Ü¥d·f°t¨Ï¥Î¡C¦pªG±z½sĶ kernel
            ®É¦³¥[¤J VESA ¤ä´©¡A¨º»ò³Ì¤j¸ÑªR«×¥i¥H¨ì 1024x768¡Cª`·N VESA ªº
            ¤ä´©»Ý­n¥[¤J <literal>VM86</literal> ³o­Ó kernel ¿ï¶µ¡CVESA
            ¤ä´©¹ê»Ú¤W¥i¥H¦b½sĶ kernel ®É¥[¤J <literal>VESA</literal> ¿ï¶µ¡B
            ©Î¸ü¤J VESA ªº kld module ¨Ó¹F¦¨¡C</para>

          <para>±z­n­×§ï±±¨î FreeBSD ¶}¾÷¨BÆJªº³]©wÀÉ¡A¤~¯à¨Ï¥Î splash
            Åã¥Ü¹Ï§Îªº¥\¯à¡C³]©wÀɦbµo¦æ FreeBSD 3.2 «e¦³¨Ç§ó°Ê¡A©Ò¥H²{¦b
            ¦³¨â­Ó¤èªk¥i¥H¸ü¤J splash ªº¥\¯à¡G</para>

            <itemizedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>FreeBSD 3.1</para>

                <para>¥ý¿ï¥X¥Î¨ÓÅã¥Ü¦b¿Ã¹õ¤Wªº¹Ï§Î¡A3.1 ª©¥u¤ä´© Windows
                  ªºÂI¯x°}®æ¦¡¡C¿ï¦n¤F±z­nªº¹ÏÀÉ«á¡A±N¥¦«þ¨ì <filename>
                  /boot/splash.bmp</filename>¡C±µµÛ§â¤U­±´X¦æ¥[¤J
                  <filename>/boot/loader.rc</filename> ¤¤¡G</para>

                <programlisting>load kernel
load -t splash_image_data /boot/splash.bmp
load splash_bmp
autoboot</programlisting>

              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>FreeBSD 3.2+</para>

                <para>°£¤F¥[¤J¹ï PCX Àɮתº¤ä´©¥~¡AFreeBSD 3.2 ¤]§ï¶i¤F
                  ¶}¾÷µ{§Çªº³]©w¤è¦¡¡C¦pªG±zÄ@·Nªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H¥Î¤W­z FreeBSD 3.1
                  ªº¤èªk¡A±N <literal>splash_bmp</literal> ´«¦¨
                  <literal>splash_pcx</literal> ¨Ó¸ü¤J PCX ÀɮקY¥i¡C
                  ¦pªG·Q¥Î·sªº³]©w¤è¦¡¡A±zªº <filename>/boot/loader.rc
                  </filename> ¥²¶·¥]¬A³o´X¦æ¡G</para>

                <programlisting>include /boot/loader.4th
start</programlisting>

                <para>Áٻݭn¤@­Ó¥]§t¥H¤U´X¦æªº <filename>/boot/loader.conf
                  </filename>¡G</para>

                <programlisting>splash_bmp_load="YES"
bitmap_load="YES"</programlisting>

                <para>³o¬O°²³]±z¥Î <filename>/boot/splash.bmp</filename>
                  ¨Ó·í§@ splash ªº¿Ã¹õÅã¥Ü¡C¦pªG·Q¥Î PCX ªºÀɮסA§â¥¦«þ¦¨
                  <filename>/boot/splash.pcx</filename>¡A¦p¤W­z°µ¥X
                  <filename>/boot/loader.rc</filename>¡A¦A±N³o´X¦æ¥[¨ì
                  <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> ¤¤¡G</para>

                <programlisting>splash_pcx_load="YES"
bitmap_load="YES"
bitmap_name="/boot/splash.pcx"</programlisting>

              </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>

          <para>²{¦b´N¥u³Ñ¤U splash ¥Î¨ÓÅã¥Üªº¹ÏÀÉ¡A±z¥i¥H¦b
            <ulink url="http://www.baldwin.cx/splash/">http://www.baldwin.cx/splash/</ulink> §ä¨ì¦UºØ¼Ë«~¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="windows-keys">
          <para>§Ú¯à¦b X ¸Ì¨Ï¥ÎÁä½L¤Wªº <trademark class="registered">Windows
            </trademark> ¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥i¥H¡C§A©Ò­n§@ªº¡A´N¬O§Q¥Î &man.xmodmap.1; ¥h©w¸q§A·Q¨Ï¥Î
            ªº¥\¯à¡C</para>

          <para>°²³]©Ò¦³ªº <quote><trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark></quote> ³£¬O¼Ð·Çªº¡A
            ¨º¥¦­Ìªº keycode ¤À§O¬°¡G</para>

          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>115 - <trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark> Áä¡A
		¦b¥ª¤âªº Ctrl »P Alt Á䤧¶¡</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>116 - <trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark> Áä¡A
		¦b Alt-Gr Áä¥kÃä</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>117 - ¿ï³æÁä¡A¥k¤âªº Ctrl Á䥪Ãä</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>

          <para>­nÅý¥ªÃ䪺 <trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark>
            Áä¦L¥X¤@­Ó³rÂI¡A¸Õ¸Õ³o­Ó¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>xmodmap -e "keycode 115 = comma"</userinput></screen>

          <para>§A¥i¯à­n­«¶]§Aªº windows manager¡A¤~·|¦³°Ê§@¡C</para>

          <para>­nÅý <trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark> Áä
            ªº¹ï¬M¦b¨C¦¸ X °_°Ê®É¦Û°Ê³]©w¦n¡A§A¥i¥H¦b§Aªº
            <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> ¸Ì¥[¤W <command>xmodmap</command>¡A
            ©Î¬O³Ì¦n«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó <filename>~/.xmodmaprc</filename> ÀɮסA¸Ì­±
            ¨C¤@¦æ´N¬O¤@­Ó <command>xmodmap</command> ªº¿ï¶µ¡AµM«á¦b§Aªº
            <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> ¸Ì¥[¤W¡G</para>


          <programlisting>xmodmap $HOME/.xmodmaprc</programlisting>

          <para>³o¤@¦æ¡C</para>

	  <para>¨Ò¦p¡A§A·Q­n±N³o¤T­ÓÁä¦U¹ï¬M¨ì F13¡BF14 ©M F15¡C³oÅý§A¯à
            ¦b§Aªºµ{¦¡©Î¬O window manager ¤º±N¨ä¹ïÀ³¨ì«K§Qªº¥\¯à¤W¡Aµ¥¤@¤U
            §Ú­Ì·|¥Ü½d¡C</para>

          <para>§â³o¨Ç©ñ¶i <filename>~/.xmodmaprc</filename> ¸Ì¡G</para>

          <programlisting>keycode 115 = F13
keycode 116 = F14
keycode 117 = F15</programlisting>

	  <para>°²¦p§A¥Î <command>fvwm2</command> ªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥H§@³o¼Ëªº¹ï¬M¡A
            Åý F13 ¯à°÷Åý´å¼Ð©Ò¦bªºµøµ¡ÁY¦¨¤p¹Ï¥Ü (©Î¬O¤Ï¹L¨Ó)¡CF14 Åý´å¼Ð
            ©Ò¦bªºµøµ¡Åܦ¨³Ì¤W¼hªºµøµ¡¡A©Î¬O°h¨ì¤U¼h¥h (¦pªG¥¦¤w¸g¬O³Ì¤W¼h
            ¤Fªº¸Ü)¡CF15 «h±N Workplace (application) ¿ï³æ¥s¥X¨Ó¡A§Y¨Ï´å¼Ð
            ¤£¦b®à­±¤W¡C·í§A¨S¦³¥i¨£ªº®à­±°Ï°ì®É¡A³o­Ó¥\¯à´N¬Û·í¦a¤è«K (¦Ó¥B
            «öÁä¤Wªº¹Ï®×©M³o­Ó¥\¯à¬Û§k¦X)¡C</para>

	  <para>¥H¤Uªº <filename>~/.fvwmrc</filename> ³]©w¥i§@¥X«e­zªº¥\¯à¡C
          </para>

          <programlisting>Key F13        FTIWS    A        Iconify
Key F14        FTIWS    A        RaiseLower
Key F15        A        A        Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="x-3d-acceleration">
          <para>§Ú­n«ç»ò¼Ë¤~¯à±o¨ì OpenGL ªº 3D µwÅé¥[³t¥\¯à¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>3D ¥[³t¥\¯àªº¦³µL¡Aµø§A©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº XFree86 ª©¥»»PÅã¥Ü´¹¤ù
            ªº«¬¸¹¦Ó©w¡C¦pªG§Aªº¬O NVIDIA ´¹¤ùªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¥h
            <ulink url="http://nvidia.netexplorer.org/">FreeBSD NVIDIA
            Driver Initiative </ulink> ºô­¶¬Ý¬Ý¡A¨º¸Ì¦³¦b XFree86-4 ¤W¨Ï¥Î
            NVIDIA ´¹¤ùªº 3D ¥[³t¥\¯àªº°Q½×¡CXFree86-4 ¤Wªº¨ä¥¦Åã¥Ü¥d¼tµP
            µwÅé¥[³t¥\¯àªº¸ê°T¡A ¥]¬A Matrox G200/G400, ATI Rage 128/Radeon,
            3dfx Voodoo 3, 4, 5, ¥H¤Î Banshee¡A¥i¦b <ulink
            url="http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~eanholt/dri/">XFree86-4
            Direct Rendering on FreeBSD</ulink> ºô­¶¤W§ä¨ì¡CXFree 3.3 ªº
            ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î Utah-GLX port¡A¥¦¥i¥H¦b
            <filename role="package">graphics/utah-glx</filename> §ä¨ì¡C
            ¨Ï¥Î¥¦¥i¥H¦b Matrox Gx00, ATI Rage Pro, SiS 6326, i810,
            Savage, ¥H¤Îªº NVIDIA ¤W±o¨ì¦³­­ªº OpenGL ¥[³t¡C</para>
          </answer>
        </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="networking">
    <chapterinfo>
      <author>
	<firstname>Biing Jong</firstname>
	<surname>Lin</surname>
	<affiliation>
	  <address><email>bjlin@stic.gov.tw</email></address>
        </affiliation>
      </author>
    </chapterinfo>

    <title>Networking</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="diskless-booting">
          <para>§ÚÀ³¸Ó¨ì­þÃä§ä¦³ÃöµLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷
	    <quote>diskless booting</quote> ªº¸ê®Æ¡H</para>
          </question>

          <answer>
            <para><quote>Diskless booting</quote> ´N¬OÅý FreeBSD ¥D¾÷±qºô¸ô
	      ¤W¶}¾÷¡A¨Ã¥B±qºô¸ô¤Wªº server ¤WŪ¨ú¨ä¥L¥²­nªºÀɮסA¦Ó«D¥Ñ¥D¾÷
	      ªºµwºÐ¤W¨ú±o³o¨ÇÀɮסC¸Ô²Óªº¸ê®Æ¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò <ulink
	      url="../handbook/diskless.html"> FreeBSD ¤â¥UªºµLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷½g
	      </ulink>¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="router">
          <para>FreeBSD ªº¥D¾÷¥i¥H·í§@¬Y­Óºô¸ô¤Wªº¸ô¥Ñ¾¹(router)¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¬Oªº¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò FreeBSD ¤â¥Uªººô¸ô¶i¶¥½g <ulink
            url="../handbook/routing.html"> advanced
            networking</ulink>¡A¤×¨ä¬O¸ô¥Ñ»P¹h¹D¾¹ <ulink
            url="../handbook/routing.html#DEDICATED-ROUTER">routing
            and gateways</ulink>ªº³¡¤À¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="win95-connection">
          <para>§Ú¥i¥H³z¹L FreeBSD ±N§Úªº Win95 ¾÷¾¹³s¤W Internet ¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>°ò¥»¤W¡A·|°Ý³oºØ°ÝÃDªº¤H¦b®a¸Ì¦Ü¤Ö¦³¨â¥x¹q¸£¡A¤@¥x¶] FreeBSD
            ¥t¥~¤@¥x¶] Win95¡F³o­Ó·Qªk¬O±N FreeBSD ¥D¾÷³s¤W Internet¡AµM«á³z
	    ¹L³o¥x FreeBSD ¥D¾÷¡AÅý¶] Win95 ªº¹q¸£¯à°÷¤Wºô¡C³o­Ó°ÝÃDºâ¬O«e¤@
	    ­Ó°ÝÃDªº¤@­Ó¯S¨Ò</para> <para>... µª®×¬O¡G¥i¥Hªº¡I¦b FreeBSD 3.x
	    ª©¤¤¡A¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡(user-mode)ªº &man.ppp.8; ¥]§t¤F
	    <option>-nat</option> ¿ï¶µ¡C¦pªG§A¦b
	    <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¨Ï¥Î<option>-nat</option>¿ï¶µ¨Ã
	    ³]©w <literal>gateway_enable</literal> ¬° <emphasis>YES</emphasis>
	    ¡A¥H³oºØ³]©w±Ò°Ê &man.ppp.8; ¡A¨Ã¥B¥¿½Tªº³]©w§Aªº Windows ¥D¾÷ªº
	    ¸Ü¡A³o­Ó°µªkÀ³¸Ó¬O¥i¥H¥¿±`¨Ï¥Îªº¡C</para>

          <para>Ãö©ó¥»¥DÃD§ó¸Ô²Óªº¸ê®Æ¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò Steve Sims ©Ò¼¶¼gªº <ulink
	    url="../ppp-primer/index.html"> Pedantic PPP Primer</ulink> ¤@¤å¡C
	    </para>

          <para>¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Îªº¬O®Ö¤ß¼Ò¦¡ (kernel-mode) PPP¡A©ÎªÌ§A¦³°Ï°ì³s½u
	    (Ethernet connection) ¥i³q¹F Internet ªº¸Ü¡A§A±N»Ý­n¨Ï¥Î
	    &man.natd.8;¡C½Ð¬d¾\ FAQ ¤¤Ãö©ó <link linkend="natd">natd</link>
	    ªº³¡¤À¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="slip-ppp-support">
          <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© SLIP ©M PPP ¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¬Oªº¡C§A¥i¥H¬d¬d man pages ¤¤Ãö©ó &man.slattach.8;¡A
            &man.sliplogin.8;¡A&man.ppp.8;¡A¥H¤Î &man.pppd.8; ªº³¡¤À¡C
	    &man.ppp.8; ¤Î &man.pppd.8; ´£¨Ñ¶i¥XÂù¦V³s½uªº¤ä´©¡A¥t¥~
	    &man.sliplogin.8; ±Mªù´£¨Ñ¶i¤J³s½uªº¤ä´©¡A¦Ó &man.slattach.8;
	    ±Mªù´£¨Ñ¦V¥~³s½uªº¤ä´©¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG§A»Ý­n§ó¶i¤@¨Bªº¸ê®Æªº¸Ü,½Ð¬d¾\ <ulink
	    url="../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html">FreeBSD ¤â¥U¤¤Ãö©ó PPP »P SLIP
	    ªº»¡©ú</ulink>¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG§A¥u¯à°÷¹L <quote>shell account</quote> ³s½u¨ì Internet
	    ªº¸Ü¡A§A¤]³\¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ <filename role="package">net/slirp</filename>
	    ³o­Ó®M¥óµ{¦¡¡C³o­Ó®M¥óµ{¦¡¥i¥H´£¨Ñ§Aªº¹q¸£ª½±µ³s¤W¬Y¨Ç(­­©wªº)ªA°È
	    ³s½u¡A¦p ftp ¤Î http µ¥µ¥¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="natd">
          <para>FreeBSD ¤ä´© NAT ©Î Masquerading ¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦pªG§A¦³¤@­ÓªñºÝªº¤lºô¸ô(¦³¤@¥x¥H¤Wªº¾÷¾¹)¡A¦ý¬O§Aªº
	    Internet provider «o¥u¤À°t¤@­Ó IP number µ¹§A(©ÎªÌ§A¥u¤À°t¨ì¤@­Ó
	    °ÊºAªº IP number)¡A§A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò &man.natd.8; ³o­Óµ{¦¡¡C &man.natd.8;
	    Åý§A¥i¥H³z¹L³o¤@­Ó IP number Åý¾ã­Ó¤lºô¸ôªº¹q¸£³£¯à³s¤W internet¡C
	    </para>

          <para>&man.ppp.8; ³o­Óµ{¦¡¤]´£¨ÑÃþ¦üªº¥\¯à¡A¦pªG§A«ü©w
	    <option>-nat</option> ¿ï¶µ¡Calias library (&man.libalias.3;)
	    ¦b³o¨â­Ó³B²z¤è¦¡¤¤³£·|³Q¨Ï¥Î¨ì¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="parallel-connect">
          <para>§Ú¦p¦ó±N¨â¥x FreeBSD ¥D¾÷¥Î¥­¦æ°ð (parallel line) ³z¹L PLIP
	    ³s½u¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤â¥U¤¤Ãö©ó <ulink url="../handbook/plip.html">PLIP
            section</ulink> ªº³¡¤À¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="create-dev-net">
          <para>§Ú¨S¦³¿ìªk«Ø¥ß <filename>/dev/ed0</filename> ³o­Ó device¡A
	    ¬°¤°»ò¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦]¬°¤£»Ý­n¡I¦b Berkeley ºô¸ô¬[ºc¤¤¡A¥u¦³ kernel µ{¦¡½X¥i¥Hª½
	    ±µ¦s¨úºô¸ô¬É­±¥d¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <filename>/etc/rc.network</filename> ³o
	    ­ÓÀɮשM manual pages ¨ú±o»P¨ä¥L¤£¦Pºô¸ôµ{¦¡¡C§ó¶i¤@¨Bªº¸ê°T¡G¦p
	    ªG§Aı±o§A§¹¥þ·d²V¤Fªº¸Ü¡A±zÀ³¸Ó§ä¤@¥»»P¨ä¥L BSD ¬ÛÃö§@·~¨t²Îºô¸ô
	    ºÞ²z¦³Ãö®Ñ¨Ó°Ñ¦Ò¡F°£¤F¤Ö¼ÆÅãµÛªº¤£¦P¥~¡AFreeBSD ªººô¸ôºÞ²z°ò¥»¤W©M
	    SunOS 4.0 ©M Ultrix ¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ethernet-aliases">
          <para>§Ú¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß Ethernet aliases¡H</para>
        </question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦pªG§Aªº alias ¦ì§}¸ò§A¥Ø«eºô¸ô¤¶­±ªº¦ì§}¦b¦P¤@­Ó¤lºô¸ô¤Uªº
	    ¸Ü¡A¥[¤J¤@­Ó <literal>netmask 0xffffffff</literal> ¦b§Aªº
	    &man.ifconfig.8; command-line¡A½d¨Ò¦p¤U¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig ed0 alias 192.0.2.2 netmask 0xffffffff</userinput></screen>
	  <para>¤£µMªº¸Ü¡A´N¦p¦P¥[¤J¤@­Ó·sªººô¸ô¦ì§}¤@¼Ë¿é¤J§Aªººô¸ô¦ì§}»P¤l
	    ºô¸ô¾B¸n¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig ed0 alias 172.16.141.5 netmask 0xffffff00</userinput></screen>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="port-3c503">
          <para>§Ú¦p¦ó«ü©w§Úªº 3C503 ¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥L¤£¦Pªºªº network port¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦pªG±z·Q¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥Lªº port¡A§A¥²¶·¦b &man.ifconfig.8; ªº©R¥O¤¤
	    «ü©wÃB¥~ªº°Ñ¼Æ¡C¤º©wªº port ¬O <literal>link0</literal>¡C­n¨Ï¥Î
	    AUI port ¥N´À BNC port ªº¸Ü¡A§ï¥Î <literal>link2</literal>¡C³o¨Ç
	    flags À³¸Ó§ïÅÜifconfig_* ªºÅܼƨӫü©w¡A §A¥i¥H¦b
	    <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ³o­ÓÀɮ׸̭±§ä¨ì (½Ð°Ñ¦Ò
	    &man.rc.conf.5;)¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="nfs">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD ªº NFS ®É¥X²{°ÝÃD¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>§Ú­Ì¥Î§t»W¤@ÂIªº»¡ªk¡A¬Y¨Ç PC ªººô¸ô¥d¤ñ¨ä¥Lªº¦n¡A³oºØª¬ªp¦b
	    ³y¦¨ NFS ³oºØ¹ïºô¸ô±Ó·Pªºµ{¦¡¦³®É·|¥X²{°ÝÃD¡C</para>

          <para>°Ñ¦Ò <ulink url="../handbook/nfs.html">
	    the Handbook entry on NFS</ulink> ¥HÀò±o³o­Ó¥DÃDªº§ó¦h¸ê°T¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="nfs-linux">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à NFS-mount Linux ªº¾÷¾¹¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¬Y¨Çª©¥»ªº Linux NFS µ{¦¡½X¥u±µ¨ü privileged port ªº
	    mount request¡F¸Õ¥Î³o¦æ«ü¥O¬Ý¬Ý</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt</userinput></screen>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="nfs-sun">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à NFS-mount Sun ªº¾÷¾¹¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¶] SunOS 4.X ªº Sun ¤u§@¯¸¥u±µ¨ü¨Ó¦Û privileged port ªº
	    mount request¡F¸Õ¥Î³o¦æ«ü¥O¬Ý¬Ý</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o -P sunbox:/blah /mnt</userinput></screen>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="exports-errors">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò <command>mountd</command> ¤@ª½°­¥s»¡
            <errorname>can't change attributes</errorname> ¦Ó¥B§Ú¤@ª½¬Ý¨ì
            <errorname>bad exports list</errorname> ³o­Ó°T®§¦b§Úªº FreeBSD NFS
            ¦øªA¾¹¤W¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o­Ó°ÝÃD³Ì±`µo¥Íªº­ì¦]¬O¦b©ó¤£¤F¸Ñ
	    <filename>/etc/exports</filename> ªº¥¿½T®æ¦¡¡C½Ð¸ÔŪ
	    &man.exports.5; ¥H¤Î¤â¥U¤¤Ãö©ó <ulink
            url="../handbook/nfs.html">NFS</ulink> ªº³¡¤À¡A¯S§O¬O<ulink
            url="../handbook/nfs.html#CONFIGURING-NFS">configuring
            NFS</ulink>³o¤@¬q¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-nextstep">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b¨Ï¥Î PPP ³s½u¨ì NeXTStep ¾÷¾¹®É¦³°ÝÃD¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

          <para>§â TCP extensions ¨ú®ø¡A³o­Ó³]©w¦b
	    <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¸Ì­±(°Ñ¦Ò &man.rc.conf.5;) §â
	    ¥H¤U³o­Ó­È³]¦¨ NO¡G</para>

          <programlisting>tcp_extensions=NO</programlisting>

          <para>Xylogic ªº Annex ¥D¾÷¤]¦³¬Û¦Pªº°ÝÃD¡A±z­n°µ¬Û¦Pªº­×§ï¤~¯à³s
	    ¤W³o¨Ç¥D¾÷¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ip-multicast">
          <para>§Ú­n«ç¼Ë¤~¯à§â IP multicast support ¥´¶}¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FreeBSD 2.0 ¥H«áªºª©¥»¤º©w³£¦³ ¤ä´© Multicast host ¾Þ§@¡C¦pªG
	    ±z·Q±N±zªº¥D¾÷³]©w¦¨ multicast router ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥²¶·­«·s compile ±z
	    ªº kernel¡A¥[¤J <literal>MROUTING</literal> ªº¿ï¶µ¡A¨Ã¥B°õ¦æ
	    &man.mrouted.8; FreeBSD 2.2 ¤Î¤§«áªºª©¥»·|¦b¶}¾÷®É°õ¦æ
	    &man.mrouted.8; ¦pªG¦b <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¤¤
            <literal>mrouted_enable</literal> ³]©w¬° <literal>"YES"</literal>
	    </para>

          <para>MBONE ªº¦UºØ¤u¨ã¥i¥H¦b¥L­Ì ports ¤U©ÒÄÝ¥s°µ <ulink
	    url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/mbone.html">mbone</ulink> ¥Ø¿ý
	    ¤¤§ä¨ì¡C¦pªG±z¦b§äµø°T·|ijªº¤u¨ã¦p <command>vic</command> ¥H¤Î
	    <command>vat</command>ªº¸Ü¡A¨ì¨ºÃä§ä§ä§a¡I</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="dec-pci-chipset">
          <para>­þ¨Çºô¸ô¥d¬O¨Ï¥Î DEC PCI chipset¡H</para>
        </question><answer>

          <para>¥H¤U¬O Glen Foster <email>gfoster@driver.nsta.org</email>
	    ´£¨Ñªº²M³æ¡G</para>

          <table>
            <title>Network cards based on the DEC PCI chipset</title>

            <tgroup cols="2">
              <thead>
                <row>
                  <entry>Vendor</entry>
                  <entry>Model</entry>
                </row>
              </thead>

              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>ASUS</entry>
                  <entry>PCI-L101-TB</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>Accton</entry>
                  <entry>ENI1203</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>Cogent</entry>
                  <entry>EM960PCI</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>Compex</entry>
                  <entry>ENET32-PCI</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>D-Link</entry>
                  <entry>DE-530</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>Dayna</entry>
                  <entry>DP1203, DP2100</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>DEC</entry>
                  <entry>DE435, DE450</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>Danpex</entry>
                  <entry>EN-9400P3</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>JCIS</entry>
                  <entry>Condor JC1260</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>Linksys</entry>
                  <entry>EtherPCI</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>Mylex</entry>
                  <entry>LNP101</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>SMC</entry>
                  <entry>EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332)</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>SMC</entry>
                  <entry>EtherPower (Model 8432)</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>TopWare</entry>
                  <entry>TE-3500P</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>Znyx (2.2.x)</entry>
                  <entry>ZX312, ZX314, ZX342, ZX345, ZX346, ZX348</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>Znyx (3.x)</entry>
                  <entry>ZX345Q, ZX346Q, ZX348Q, ZX412Q, ZX414, ZX442, ZX444,
                    ZX474, ZX478, ZX212, ZX214 (10mbps/hd)</entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </table>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="fqdn-hosts">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò­n¥Î FQDN ¤~¯à³s¨ì¨ä¥L¾÷¾¹¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>§A¤]³\·|µo²{­n³sªº¾÷¾¹¨ä¹ê¬O¦b¥t¤@­Óºô°ì¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A°²³]§A¬O¦b
	    foo.bar.edu ³o­Óºô°ì¤¤¡A·Q­n³s¨ì¦b¤@¥x¥s <hostid>mumble</hostid>
	    ªº¥D¾÷¡A¥L¦b <hostid role="domainname">example.org</hostid> ºô°ì¤U¡A
	    §A¥²¶·¥Î Fully-Qualified Domain Name <hostid
            role="fqdn">mumble.example.org</hostid>¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¥u¥Î
            <hostid>mumble</hostid>¡C</para>

          <para>¶Ç²Îªº BSD BIND resolver ¤¹³\¥Î³oºØ¤è¦¡¸Ñ¥X¾÷¾¹ªº¦ì§}¡A¦ý¬O
	    FreeBSD ¤ºªþ <application>bind</application> (see &man.named.8;)
	    ª©¥»¤º©w¤è¦¡¡A«h¬O°£¤F§A©Ò¦bªººô°ì¥H¥~¡A¤£¤ä´©¨ä¥L«D FQDN ªºÁY¼g¡C
	    ©Ò¥H¦p <hostid>mumble</hostid> ¥²¶·¦b <hostid
	    role="fqdn">mumble.foo.example.org</hostid>¡A§_«h´N·|±qºô°ìªº³Ì©³
	    ¼h¶}©l§ä¡C</para>

          <para>³o©M¥ý«eªº°µªk¤£¦P¡A¤]´N¬O¤£¥Î
            <hostid role="domainname">mumble.example.org</hostid>¡A©M
            <hostid role="domainname">mumble.edu</hostid> Ä~Äò·j´M¡C
            ¬Ý¤@¤U RFC 1535¡A¸Ì­±¦³´£¨ì¬°¤°»ò¤§«eªº°µªk¤£¦n¡A¬Æ¦Üºâ¬O­Ó¦w¥þ
	    º|¬}¡C</para>

          <para>³o¸Ì¦³­Ó¤£¿ùªº¸Ñªk, §A¥i¥H¥[¤J¤@¦æ</para>

          <programlisting>search foo.example.org example.org</programlisting>

          <para>instead of the previous</para>

          <programlisting>domain foo.example.org</programlisting>

          <para>¦b§Aªº <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> Àɮפ¤ (½Ð°Ñ¦Ò
	    &man.resolv.conf.5;)¡C¦ý¬O­n½T©w·j´M¶¶§Ç¤£·|¹H¤Ï RFC 1535 ©Ò¿×ªº
            <quote>boundary between local and public administration</quote>¡C
	    </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="network-permission-denied">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b³s½u®É¤@ª½¥X²{
	    <errorname>Permission denied</errorname> ªº¿ù»~°T®§¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para> ¦pªG¦b½sĶ kernel ®É¥[¤J <literal>IPFIREWALL</literal> ¿ï¶µ¡A
            ½Ðª`·N 2.1.7R ¤º©w¬O©Úµ´©Ò¦³¥¼¸g®Ö­ãªººô¸ô«Ê¥](¦ý¦b¶}µo
	    2.1-STABLE ®É§ï±¼¤F)¡C</para>

          <para>I¦pªG¤£¤p¤ß§Ë¿ù¤F firewall ªº³]©w¡A§A¥i¥H¥H
	    <username>root</username> °õ¦æ¥H¤U©R¥Oºô¸ô¥\¯à´N·|«ì´_¥¿±`¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any</userinput></screen>

          <para>¤]¥i¥H¦b <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¥[¤J
	    <literal>firewall_type="open"</literal> ªº¿ï¶µ¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG·Qª¾¹D¦p¦ó³]©w FreeBSD firewall¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ulink
	    url="../handbook/firewalls.html">¤â¥U¤¤¬ÛÃö³¹¸`</ulink>¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ipfw-overhead">
          <para>IPFW ·|³y¦¨¦h¤jªººô¸ô©µ¿ð¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤â¥U¤¤ <ulink
            url="../handbook/firewalls.html">Firewalls</ulink> ³¹¸`¡A¯S§O¬O
	    <ulink url="../handbook/firewalls.html#IPFW-OVERHEAD">IPFW
            Overhead & Optimization</ulink> ³o¤@¬q¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ipfw-fwd">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Úªº <command>ipfw</command> <quote>fwd</quote>
	    redirect ³W«h±NªA°ÈÂà¦V¨ä¥L¾÷¾¹®ÉµLªk¥¿±`¹B§@¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥i¯à¬O§A°£¤FÂà°e«Ê¥]¥H¥~ÁÙÃB¥~·Q¶i¦æ¦ì§}ÂàĶ
	    (network address translation, NAT)¡A<quote>fwd</quote> ³W«h©Ò¶i
	    ¦æªº°Ê§@´N¦p¦P¦r­±©Ò¥Ü¡F¶ÈÂà°e«Ê¥]¡A¥¦¨Ã¤£·|¥h­×§ï«Ê¥]¤¤ªº¸ê®Æ¡C
            °²³]§Ú­Ì¦³¦p¤Uªº³W«h¡G</para>

          <screen>01000 fwd <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable> from any to <replaceable>foo 21</replaceable></screen>

          <para>·í¤@­Ó³q©¹¯S©w¥Ø¼Ð¦ì§} <replaceable>foo</replaceable> ªº«Ê¥]
	    °e¹F¥D¾÷®É¡A®Ú¾Ú³o±ø³W«h¡A«Ê¥]±N³QÂà°e¦Ü
	    <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable>¡A¦ý¬O¥¦ªº¥Ø¼Ð¦ì§}«o¤´µM¬O
	    <replaceable>foo</replaceable>¡I«Ê¥]ªº¥Ø¼Ð¦ì§}¨Ã
	    <emphasis>¨S¦³</emphasis> §ó§ï¬°
	    <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable>¡C¤j³¡¤Àªº¥D¾÷·|±N«Ê¥]¥á±ó¡A
	    ¦]¬°¥L­Ì¨Ã¤£¬O³o­Ó¥Ø¼Ð¦ì§}¡C¦]¦¹¡A¨Ï¥Î <quote>fwd</quote> ³W«h
	    ®É©¹©¹¤£¦p¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©Ò¹w´Áªº¨º¯ë¶¶§Q¡C³oºØ¦æ¬°¬O¨t²Î¯S©Ê¡A¦Ó«D¿ù»~¡C
	    </para>

          <para>°Ñ¦Ò <link linkend="service-redirect">Ãö©óªA°ÈÂà¦Vªº±`¨£°Ý
	    µª¶°</link>¡A &man.natd.8; ¤â¥U¡A©ÎªÌ¬O¨Ï¥Î <ulink
	    url="../../../../ports/index.html">ports collection</ulink> ¤¤³\
	    ¦hªA°ÈÂà¦Vªº¤u¨ã¨Ó¥¿½Tªº§¹¦¨§A·Q¶i¦æªº¤u§@¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="service-redirect">
          <para>­n¦p¦ó§â¹ï¬Y¥x¾÷¾¹ªººô¸ôªA°È­n¨D(service request)Âà¦V¨ì¥t¤@¥x¡H
	    </para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦b ports ¥Ø¿ýªº<quote>sysutils</quote>¤ÀÃþ¤¤¦³­Ó¥s
	    <literal>socket</literal> ªº®M¥ó¡A¥i¥HÀ°§AÂà¦V FTP ©Î¨ä¥LÃþ¦üªº
	    ºô¸ôªA°È¡C¥u­n§â¸Óºô¸ôªA°Èªº©R¥O§ï¦¨©I¥s socket §Y¥i¡A¦p¤U©Ò¥Ü¡G
	    </para>

          <programlisting>ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket <replaceable>ftp.example.com</replaceable> <replaceable>ftp</replaceable></programlisting>

          <para>¨ä¤¤ <replaceable>ftp.example.com</replaceable> »P
            <replaceable>ftp</replaceable> ¤À§O¬O³QÂà¨ìªº¾÷¾¹©M port ¦WºÙ¡C
	    </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="bandwidth-mgr-tool">
          <para>¨º¸Ì¥i¥H§ä¨ìºÞ²zÀW¼eªº¤u¨ã¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FreeBSD ¤W¦³¤T®MÀW¼eºÞ²z¤u¨ã¡G &man.dummynet.4; ¤w¸g¾ã¦X¶i¤J
	    FreeBSD ¨t²Î(§ó¸Ô²Óªº¥Î³~, &man.ipfw.4;); <ulink
	    url="http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/kjc/programs.html">ALTQ</ulink>
	    ¥i¥H§K¶O¨Ï¥Î¡A<ulink
	    url="http://www.etinc.com/">Emerging Technologies</ulink>
	    ±À¥Xªº Bandwidth Manager «h¬O°Ó¥Î³nÅé¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="bpf-not-configured">
          <para>«ç»ò·|¶]¥X
	    <errorname>/dev/bpf0: device not configured</errorname>³o­Ó°T®§¡H
	    </para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>§A°õ¦æ¤F¤@­Ó»Ý­n¬f§JµÜ«Ê¥]¹LÂo¾¹ (Berkeley Packet Filter) ªº
	    µ{¦¡ (&man.bpf.4;)¡A¦ý¬O§A¦b kernel ¤¤¨S¦³±Ò°Ê¥¦¡C§â¤U­±³o¤@¦æ¥[
	    ¤J kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤¡A½sĶ¤@­Ó·sªº kernel¡G</para>

          <programlisting>pseudo-device bpf        # Berkeley Packet Filter</programlisting>

          <para>¦b­«·s¶}¾÷¤§«á¡AÁÙ­n°µ¥X device node¡A¦b
	    <filename>/dev</filename> ¤U°õ¦æ¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV bpf0</userinput></screen>

          <para>¦pªG·Q­n§ó¶i¤@¨Bª¾¹D¦p¦ó°µ¥X¦UºØ device node¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ulink
            url="../handbook/kernelconfig-nodes.html">Handbook Ãö©ó¶gÃä¸`ÂIªº»¡©ú</ulink>
	    ¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="mount-smb-share">
          <para>§Ú­n«ç¼Ë¤~¯à±N Windows ¾÷¾¹¤¤ªººÏºÐ±¾¤J¨t²Î, ´N¹³ Linux ´£¨Ñ
	    ªº smbmount ¨º¼Ë¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¨Ï¥Î <application>SMBFS</application> ¤u¨ã²Õ¡C³o®M¤u¨ã²Õ¤¤
            ¥]§t¤F¤@¨t¦Cªº kernel ­×§ïÁÙ¦³¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¤u¨ãµ{¦¡(userland programs)¡C
	    ³o¨Çµ{¦¡©M¸ê°T¦b ports ¦¬Âä¤
	    <filename role="package">net/smbfs</filename> ¤U¥i¥H§ä¨ì¡C¦b
	    4.5-RELEASE ¤§«áªºª©¥»«h¬O¨t²Î¤¤¤º«Ø¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="icmp-response-bw-limit">
          <para>§Ú¦b¨t²Î¤é»x¤¤µo²{¥H¤U°T®§¡G
	    <quote>icmp-response bandwidth limit 300/200 pps</quote>¡A³o¬O
	    ½¼¦Ì¸J¿|¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o¬O¨t²Î®Ö¤ß§i¶D§A¦³¬Y¨Ç¬¡°Ê¤Þµo¥¦°e¥X¤ñ¥¦©Ò»{¬°À³¸Ó°e¥X§ó
	    ¦hªº ICMP ©Î TCP ­«¸m°T®§ (RST)¡CICMP ¦^À³°T®§±`±`¬O¦]¬°¦³¤H¹Á
	    ¸Õ³s±µ¥¼³Q¨Ï¥Îªº UDP ³q°T°ð¡CTCP ­«¸m°T®§«h¬O¦³¤H¹Á¸Õ³s±µ¥¼¶}
	    ©ñ TCP ³q°T°ð³y¦¨ªºµ²ªG¡C¥H¤U³o¨Ç¬¡°Ê¥i¯à´N¬O³y¦¨³o¨Ç°T®§ªº­ì¦]¡G
	    </para>

          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>¼É¤OªkªºªA°È²Õµ´§ðÀ»(DoS)¤è¦¡
	        (¬Û¸û©ó°w¹ï¯S®í®zÂI¨Ï¥Î³æ¤@«Ê¥]ªº§ðÀ»¤è¦¡)¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>¤j¶qªº³q°T°ð±½´y(¬Û¸û©ó¶È¹Á¸Õ¤Ö¼Æªº±`¨£ªA°È³q°T°ð)¡C</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>

          <para>¥X²{ªº¼Æ¦r¤¤²Ä¤@­Ó¥Nªí®Ú¾Ú³o¨Ç¬y¶q kernel À³¸Ó°e¥Xªº«Ê¥]¼Æ¡A
            ²Ä¤G­Ó¼Æ¦r«h¬O kernel ¥Ø«e­­¨î³Ì¤jµo°e¼Æ¡C§A¥i¥H§Q¥Î sysctl ­×§ï
	    <varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim</varname> ÅܼƭȨӧó§ï³Ì¤j­È¡CÁ|
	    ¨Ò¨Ó»¡,¦pªG§Æ±æ­×§ï­­¨î¬° <literal>300</literal> packets per
	    second¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl -w net.inet.icmp.icmplim=300</userinput></screen>

          <para>¦pªG§A¤£·Q¦b¨t²Î¬ö¿ý¤¤¬Ý¨ì³o¨Ç°T®§¡A¦ý¬O¤´µM§Æ±æ«O«ù¦^À³ªº­­
	    ¨îªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥H§Q¥Î sysctl ­×§ï
	    <varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim_output</varname> ÅܼƨӨú®ø³o¨Ç°T
	    ®§¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl -w net.inet.icmp.icmplim_output=0</userinput></screen>

          <para>³Ì«á¡A¦pªG§A·Q¨ú®ø³o¨Ç­­¨îªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥H³]©w
	    <varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim</varname> (¦p¤W¨Ò©Ò¥Ü) ¬°
	    <literal>0</literal>¡C°ò©ó¤W­z²z¥Ñ¡A§Ú­Ì¤£«Øij§A¨ú®ø³o¨Ç­­¨î¡C
	    </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="unknown-hw-addr-format">
          <para>³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§
	    <errorname>arp: unknown hardware address format</errorname>
	    ¬O¤°»ò·N«ä¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o¥Nªí§Aªº°Ï°ìºô¸ô³s½u¤W¦³¤@¨Ç³]³Æ¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD ¬Ý¤£À´ªº MAC
	    ®æ¦¡¡C³o³q±`¬O¥Nªí¦³¤H¦b§Aªº°Ï°ìºô¸ô¤W¶i¦æ¹êÅç¡A³Ì±`¨£ªº´N¬O
	    cable modem ªº³s½u¡C³o°T®§µL®`¡A¦Ó¥BÀ³¸Ó¤£¦Ü©ó¼vÅT¨ì FreeBSD ¥D
	    ¾÷ªº®Ä¯à¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="cvsup-missing-libs">
          <para>§Ú­è­è¸Ë¦n CVSup ®M¥ó¡A¦ý¬O¦b¹Á¸Õ°õ¦æ®Éµo¥Í¤F¿ù»~¡A­n«ç»ò¿ì¡H
	    </para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>­º¥ý¡A¬Ý¬Ý¿ù»~ªº°T®§¬O§_¦p¤U¡G</para>

          <programlisting>/usr/libexec/ld-elf.so.1: Shared object "libXaw.so.6" not found</programlisting>

          <para>³oºØ¿ù»~°T®§¥Nªí§A¥D¾÷¤W¦w¸Ëªº
	    <filename role="package">net/cvsup</filename> ¨S¦³¥]§t
	    <application>XFree86</application> ®M¥ó¡C¦pªG§A·Q­n¨Ï¥Î
	    <application>CVSup</application> ¤º«Øªº¹Ï§Î¤¶­±
	    <acronym>GUI</acronym> ªº¸Ü¡A§A»Ý­n¦w¸Ë
	    <application>XFree86</application>¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦pªG§A¥u·Q¥H©R¥O¦C¤è
	    ¦¡¨Ï¥Î <application>CVSup</application> ªº¸Ü¡A§AÀ³¸Ó¥ý²¾°£¤§«e
	    ¦w¸Ëªº®M¥ó¡C¨Ã¦w¸Ë
	    <filename role="package">net/cvsup-without-gui</filename> ³o®M
	    ³nÅé¡C¦b FreeBSD ¤â¥U¤¤ <ulink
	    url="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/cvsup.html">CVSup</ulink>
	    ¬q¸¨¤¤¦³§ó¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="security">
    <chapterinfo>
      <author>
	<firstname>Biing Jong</firstname>
	<surname>Lin</surname>
	<affiliation>
	  <address><email>bjlin@stic.gov.tw</email></address>
	</affiliation>
      </author>
    </chapterinfo>

    <title>¨t²Î¦w¥þ½g</title>
    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="sandbox">
          <para>¤°»ò¬O sandbox¡H</para>
        </question><answer>

          <para><quote>Sandbox</quote> ¬O¨t²Î¦w¥þ¥Îªº³N»y¡A¦³¨â­Ó·N¸q¡G</para>

            <itemizedlist>
              <listitem>

                <para>©ñ¦b¬Y¨ÇµêÀÀ¨¾Å@Àð¸Ìªº°õ¦æµ{§Ç¡A³o¨Ç¨¾Å@Àð¬O¥Î¨Óªý¤î
                  ¬Y¨Ç¤H«I¤J³o¹Dµ{§Ç¡A¶i¦Ó¥X¤J©ó§ó¤jªº¨t²Î¤¤¡C</para>

                <para>³o¹Dµ{§Ç¥i¥H§¹¥þ¦b¨¾Å@Àð¸Ì <quote>°Ê§@</quote>¡C¤]´N
		  ¬O»¡¡A¥¦©Ò°õ¦æªº¥ô¦óµ{¦¡¤£¥i¯à·|º¯³z¨ìÀ𪺥~­±¡C©Ò¥H¦pªG
		  ±z¹ï¥¦¦³¦w¥þ¤WªºÅU¼{¡A¨Ã¤£»Ý­n¯S§O¥hºÊÅ¥¥¦ªº¤@Á|¤@°Ê¡A¤Ï
		  ¥¿¥¦¥u¯à¦bÀ𤺬¡°Ê¡C</para>

                <para>Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¥i¥H¥Î userid ¨Ó°µ³o¹D¨¾Å@Àð¡A³o¥¿¬O security
                  ©M named »¡©ú¤å¥ó¤¤ªº©w¸q¡C</para>

                <para>²{¦b´N¥Î <literal>ntalk</literal> ³o­ÓªA°È§@»¡©ú¡]¨£
                  /etc/inetd.conf¡^¡C³o­ÓªA°È¥H«eªº userid ¬O
                  <username>root</username>¡A²{¦b°õ¦æ®É«h¬O¥Î
                  <username>tty</username>¡C<username>tty</username>
                  ³o­Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌ´N¬O¤@­Ó sandbox¡A¦pªG¦³¤H¯à°÷¶¶§Q¥Î ntalk
                  «I¤J¨t²Î¡A²{¦b¥L´Nºâ¶i±o¨Ó¤]¥u¯à¥Î³o­Ó userid¡C</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>©ñ¦b¬Y­Ó¼ÒÀÀ¾÷¾¹¸Ìªºµ{¦¡¡A³o¤ñ¤W­z¨Ó±o§óÄY±K¡C°ò¥»¤W
                  ³oªí¥Ü¯à«I¤J¸Óµ{¦¡ªº¤H¬Û«H¥L¯à¦A¶i¤J©ÒÄݪº¾÷¾¹¡A¦ý¨Æ¹ê¤W
                  ¥u·|¶i¤J¼ÒÀÀ¥X¨Óªº¾÷¾¹¡AµLªk¶i¤@¨B­×§ï¥ô¦ó¯u¹êªº¸ê®Æ¡C</para>

                <para>¹F¨ì³o­Ó¥Øªº³Ì±`¥Îªº¤èªk¡A´N¬O¦b¬Y­Ó¤l¥Ø¿ý¤U°µ¥X¼ÒÀÀªº
                  Àô¹Ò¡AµM«á¥Î chroot °õ¦æ¸Óµ{¦¡¡A³o¼Ë¸Óµ{¦¡ªº®Ú¥Ø¿ý«K¬O³o­Ó
                  ¤l¥Ø¿ý¡A¦Ó«D¨t²Î¯u¥¿ªº®Ú¥Ø¿ý¡C</para>

                <para>¥t¤@­Ó±`¨£§@ªk¬O±N¬Y­ÓÀɮרt²Î mount ¦¨°ßŪ¡A¦ý¦b¥¦
                  ¤W­±¥t¥~»s³y¥Xµ{¦¡¥H¬°¥i¥H¼g¤JªºÀɮרt²Î¡C³o­Óµ{¦¡·|¬Û«H
                  ¥¦¥i¥H¹ï¨ä¥LÀÉ®×Ū¼g¡A¦ý¥u¦³¥¦¬Ý¤£¨ì³o­Ó°ßŪ®ÄÀ³ - ¨t²Î
                  °õ¦æªº¤@¯ëµ{¦¡³£¬Ý±o¨ì¡C</para>

                <para>§Ú­Ì¸Õ¹Ï±N³oÃþ sandbox ºÉ¶q³z©ú¤Æ¡AÅý¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©Î«I¤JªÌ
                  µLªk¬Ý¨ì¥L¬O§_¦b¬Y­Ó sandbox ¸Ì­±¡C</para>
              </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>

          <para>UNIX ¹ê§@¨âºØ sandbox¡A¤@­Ó¦bµ{¦¡¼h­±¡A¥t¤@­Ó«h¬O¥Ñ userid
            ¨Ó¹F¦¨¡C</para>

          <para>¨C­Ó UNIX °õ¦æµ{§Ç·|¥Î¨¾¤õÀð±N¥¦©M©Ò¦³¨ä¥Lµ{§Ç¹j¶}¡A¬Y­Óµ{§Ç
            ¤£¥i¥HÀH·N­×§ï¨ä¥Lµ{§Ç¦ì§}ªº¸ê®Æ¡C³o©M Windows ¤¤¡Aµ{¦¡¥i¥H»´©ö
            ­×§ï¨ä¥L¦ì§}¸ê®Æ¡Aµ²ªG¾É­P·í¾÷ªº±¡§Î¤j¤£¬Û¦P¡C</para>

          <para>¨C­Ó UNIX µ{§Ç³£ÄÝ©ó¬Y­Ó¯S©wªº userid¡C¦pªG¸Ó userid ¤£¬O
            <username>root</username>¡A´N·|±N¥¦©M¨ä¥L¨Ï¥ÎªÌªºµ{§Ç¹j¶}¡C
            Userid ¦P®É¤]¥Î©óµwºÐ¸ê®Æªº¦s¨úÅv¤W¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="securelevel">
          <para>¤°»ò¬O securelevel?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>securelevel ¬O®Ö¤ß¤¤©Ò¹ê§@ªº¤@­Ó¦w¥þ¾÷¨î¡C°ò¥»¤W·í
            securelevel ¬O¥¿­È®É¡A®Ö¤ß·|­­¨î¬Y¨Ç¤u§@¡F§Y¨Ï¬O superuser
            (¤]´N¬O <username>root</username>) ¤]µLªk§¹¦¨¨º¨Ç¤u§@¡C¦b¼¶¼g
            ¥»¤å®É¡Asecurelevel ¾÷¨î¦b¤@¯ëªº­­¨î¥~¡AÁÙ¯à°÷­­¨î¥H¤Uªº¥\¯à¡G
          </para>

          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>²M°£¬Y¨Ç¯S©wªºÀɮ׺X¼Ð¡A¨Ò¦p <literal>schg</literal>
                (¨t²Î°ßŪ¼ÐºX, the system immutable flag)</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>¸g¥Ñ <devicename>/dev/mem</devicename> »P
                <devicename>/dev/kmem</devicename>¡A ±N¸ê®Æ¼g¤J¦Ü®Ö¤ß°O¾ÐÅ餤
              </para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>¸ü¤J®Ö¤ß¼Ò²Õ</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>§ó°Ê &man.ipfirewall.4; ³W«h¡C</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>

          <para>·Q­nÀˬd¦b¬Y­Ó¹B§@¤¤ªº¨t²Îªº securelevel ª¬ºA¡A¥u­n°õ¦æ¥H¤U
            ©R¥O§Y¥i¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.securelevel</userinput></screen>

          <para>¿é¥Xªºµ²ªG·|¥]§t¤@­Ó &man.sysctl.8; ÅܼƦWºÙ (¦b³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¤¤¡A
            ¥¦¬O <varname>kern.securelevel</varname>) ¥H¤Î¤@­Ó¼Æ¦r¡C«áªÌ§Y¬O
            ¥Ø«eªº securelevel ­È¡C¦pªG¥¦¬O¤@­Ó¥¿­È (¤]´N¬O¤j©ó 0)¡Aªí¥Ü¦Ü¤Ö
            ¦³¤@¨Ç securelevel ªº«OÅ@¾÷¨î¤w¸g¶}±Ò¤F¡C</para>

          <para>§A¨S¦³¿ìªk­°§C¤@­Ó¹B§@¤¤ªº¨t²Îªº securelevel¡F¦pªG¥i¥Hªº¸Ü¡A
            ´N¥¢¥h¤F³o­Ó¾÷¨îªº·N¸q¤F¡C¦pªG§A­n§@¤@¨Ç»Ý­n securelevel ¬°
            «D¥¿­È¤~¥i¥Hªº°Ê§@ªº¸Ü (¨Ò¦p <maketarget>installworld</maketarget>
            ©Î§ó°Ê¤é´Á)¡A§A»Ý­n­×§ï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¤ºªº
            securelevel ³]©w (§ä§ä <varname>kern_securelevel</varname> ©M
            <varname>kern_securelevel_enable</varname> ÅܼÆ)¡AµM«á­«·s¶}¾÷¡C
          </para>

          <para>·Q­nª¾¹D§ó¦h¦³Ãö©ó securelevel »P¦U­Ó¤£¦Pµ¥¯Å¼vÅTªº²Ó¸`¡A
            ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò &man.init.8; »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡C</para>

            <warning>
              <para>securelevel ¥i¤£¬O¸UÆF¤¦¡F¥¦¦³³\¦h¤wª¾ªº¯Ê³´¡A©¹©¹³y¦¨
                ¤@ºØ¦w¥þªº°²¶H¡C</para>

              <para>¥¦¤@­Ó³Ì¤jªº°ÝÃD¡A´N¬O­nÅý³o­Ó¥\¯à§¹¥þ¦³®Äªº¸Ü¡A¦b
                securelevel µo´§§@¥Î«eªº±Ò°Ê¹Lµ{¤¤¡A©Ò¦³¨Ï¥Î¨ìªºÀɮ׳£
                ¥²¶·³Q«OÅ@°_¨Ó¡C¦pªG¤@­Ó§ðÀ»ªÌ¦b securelevel ¦³®Ä«e (¥Ñ©ó
                ¦³¨Ç¨t²Î¦b±Ò°Ê¤¤©Ò§@ªº¨Æ±¡¡AµLªk¦b¸û°ªªº securelevel ¤¤
                ¥¿±`¹B§@¡A©Ò¥H³o·|¦b±Ò°Ê¹Lµ{¤¤«á´Á¤~·|¹B§@)¡A¯àÅý¥L­Ìªºµ{¦¡
                ³Q°õ¦æªº¸Ü¡Asecurelevel ªº«OÅ@´N§¹¥þµL®Ä¤F¡C«OÅ@±Ò°Êµ{§Ç
                ¤¤©Ò¦³ªºÀɮצb§Þ³N¤W¬O¥i¦æªº¡A¦ý¬O¦pªG¯uªº³o¼Ë§@ªº¸Ü¡A¨t²Î
                ºûÅ@±N·|Åܦ¨¤@³õ¹ÚÆL¡C§Y¨Ï¥u¬O­×§ï¤@­Ó³]©wÀÉ¡A¤]¥²¶·±N¾ã­Ó
                ¨t²ÎÃö³¬¡A¦Ü¤Ö¤]±o¨ì³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¡C</para>

              <para>°£¤F³oÂI¡AÁÙ¦³³\¦h¨ä¥¦ªºªF¦è³£¦b³q«H½×¾Â¤W°Q½×¡A¤×¨ä¬O
	        freebsd-security¡C½Ð¨ì <ulink
		url="../../../../search/index.html">³o¸Ì</ulink> ·j´M¥H«eªº
                °Q½×¡C¦³¨Ç¤H§Æ±æ securelevel ¯à°÷¾¨§Ö®ø¥¢¡A¥Ñ¥t¤@­Ó§óÀu¨qªº
                ¾÷¨î¨ú¥N¡A¤£¹L¾÷·|¦³ÂI´ù¯í¡C</para>

              <para>­·ÀI¦Û¦æ©Ó¾á¡C</para>
            </warning>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="extra-named-port">
	  <para>BIND (<command>named</command>) °£¤F¦b³q°T°ð 53 ¥H¥~¤]¦b
	    ¨ä¥L°ª½s¸¹³q°T°ð (high-numbered port) ²âÅ¥ (Listen)¡C
	    ³o¬O«ç»ò¦^¨Æ¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>FreeBSD 3.0 «áªºª©¥»¨Ï¥Î¤@­Ó¯S®íªº BIND ª©¥»¡A³o­Óª©¥»·|¨Ï
	    ¥ÎÀH¾÷ªº°ª½s¸¹³q°T°ð¨Ó¦^À³¥~³¡ªº¬d¸ß¡C¦pªG§A¦]¬°­n¾A¦X¨¾¤õÀðªº
	    ³]©w©Î¬O³æ¯Âªº·QÅý¦Û¤v¬Ý¨ÓµÎªA¤@ÂI¦Ó·Q¥Î 53 ³q°T°ð¦^À³¥~³¡¬d¸ß¡A
	    ¨º»ò§A¥i¥H¹Á¸Õ§ó§ï¥H¤UÀɮ׬ÛÃö¤º®e
	    <filename>/etc/namedb/named.conf</filename>¡G</para>

	  <programlisting>options {
        query-source address * port 53;
};</programlisting>

	  <para>§A¤]¥i¥H±N <literal>*</literal> §ó§ï¬°¯S©w IP address¡A
	    ÂÇ¥H¥[±j±±¨î±ø¥ó¡C</para>

	  <para>¶¶«K®¥³ß§A¡C¯à°÷Ū¨ú§A¨t²Î¤Wªº &man.sockstat.1; ³ø§i¨Ã¥Bª`·N
	    ¤£¥¿±`ª¬ªp¬O¤@¥ó¦n¨Æ¡I</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="sendmail-port-587">
          <para>Sendmail °£¤F¦b¼Ð·Çªº³q°T°ð 25 ¥~¤]¦b³q°T°ð 587 ²âÅ¥¡I³o¬O«ç
	    »ò¦^¨Æ¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¸û·sª©¥»ªº Sendmail ¤ä´© mail submission ³o¶µ¥\¯à¡A¨Ã¥B¨Ï
	    ¥Î³q°T°ð 587¡C³o¶µ¥\¯àÁÙ¨S¦³³Q¼sªx¤ä´©¦ý¬O¤ä´©ªº¼Æ¥Ø¥¿¦b¼Wªø
	    ¤¤¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="toor-account">
          <para>§Úµo²{¤F³o­Ó UID 0 <username>toor</username> ±b¸¹¡A³o¬O¤°»ò
	    ¸J¿|¡H§Ú³Q¶Â±¼¤F¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>©ñ¤ß¡C<username>toor</username> ¬O¤@­Ó
            <quote>alternative</quote> ºÞ²zªÌ±b¸¹ (toor ¬O root ªºÂà¦V«÷ªk)¡C
	    ¥H©¹¬O¸òÀH &man.bash.1; ¦w¸Ë¦Ó«Ø¨îªº¡A«á¨Ó«h¦¨¬°¨t²Î¤º©w«Ø¨îªº¤@
	    ­Ó±b¸¹¡C³o­Ó±b¸¹±N¦ñÀH¤@­Ó«D¼Ð·Çªº shell ´ú¸Õ¨Ï¥Î¡A Åý§A¤£»Ý­n¥h
	    §ó§ï¨ì <username>root</username> ªº¤º«Ø shell¡C¦]¬°³o¨Ç¨ä¥Lªº shell
	    ¨Ã¨S¦³¸òÀH¨t²Î¹w³]­È¦w¸Ë (Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¬Y¨Ç¥Ñ ports ¦w¸Ëªº
	    shell package)¡A¦Ó³Q¤º©w¦w¸Ë¦b <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename>
	    ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡A¦³¥i¯à¦s¦b¤£¦PªºÀɮרt²Î¤¤¡C ­Õ­Y <username>root</username>
	    ªº shell ³Q©ñ¦b <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename>¡A¥B
	    <filename>/usr</filename> (©Î¬O¨ä¥L¥]§tµÛ
	    <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> ³o­Ó¤l¥Ø¿ýªºÀɮרt²Î)
            ¦]¬°¬Y¨Ç­ì¦]¨Ã¨S¦³³Q¥¿±`ªº mount °_¨Óªº¸Ü¡A<username>root</username>
            ±NµLªk¥¿±`ªºµn¤J¨t²Î¶i¦æºû­× (ÁöµM»¡§A­«¶}¾÷¦¨³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡´N·|°Ý§A­n
	    ¸ü¤J­þ­Ó shell)¡C</para>

          <para>¦³¨Ç¤H¨Ï¥Î <username>toor</username> ±b¸¹¶i¦æ¨C¤éªº
            <username>root</username> ºûÅ@¤u§@¡A¦p¦¹¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î«D¼Ð·Çªº
	    shell¡A¦Ó <username>root</username> ¥i¥H«O¯d¼Ð·Ç shell¡A
	    ¥H¦]À³³æ¤@¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡ (single user mode) ©Îºò«æª¬ªp³B²z¡C
	    ¨Ì·Ó¨t²Î¤º©w­È¡A§A±NµLªk¨Ï¥Î <username>toor</username> µn¤J¡A
	    ¦]¬°³o­Ó±b¸¹©|¥¼§ó§ï±K½X³]©w¡C¦]¦¹§A¦pªG§A·Q±Ò°Ê³o­Ó±b¸¹¡A§A»Ý­n
	    ¨Ï¥Î <username>root</username> µn¤J¨t²Î¨Ã¥B­×§ï
	    <username>toor</username> ªº±K½X¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="suidperl">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò <command>suidperl</command> µLªk¥¿±`¹B§@¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦]¬°¬Y¨Ç¦w¥þªº¦Ò¡A<command>suidperl</command> ¤º©wªº¦w¸Ë
            ¨Ã¨S¦³³]©w suid bit¡C¨t²ÎºÞ²zªÌ¥i¥H¨Ì·Ó¥H¤U©R¥O±Ò°Ê suid ³]©w¡C
	    </para>

	    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod u+s /usr/bin/suidperl</userinput></screen>

          <para>¦pªG§A·Q­n¦b¥Ñ source ¤É¯Å®É <command>suidperl</command> ¤º©w
	    ±Ò°Ê suid ¥\¯àªº¸Ü¡A½s¿è <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ¥[¤J
            <varname>ENABLE_SUIDPERL=true</varname> µM«á°õ¦æ
            <command>make buildworld</command>¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="ppp">
    <title>PPP</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="userppp">
          <para>I cannot make &man.ppp.8; work.  What am I doing wrong?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>You should first read the
            &man.ppp.8;
            man page and the <ulink
            url="../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#USERPPP">
            PPP section of the handbook</ulink>.  Enable logging with
            the command</para>

          <programlisting>set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command</programlisting>

          <para>This command may be typed at the
            &man.ppp.8; command prompt or it may be
            entered in the <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>
            configuration file (the start of the
            <literal>default</literal> section is the best
            place to put it).  Make sure that
            <filename>/etc/syslog.conf</filename> (see &man.syslog.conf.5;) contains the lines</para>

          <programlisting>!ppp
*.*        /var/log/ppp.log</programlisting>

          <para>and that the file <filename>/var/log/ppp.log</filename>
            exists.  You can now find out a lot about what is going on
            from the log file.  Do not worry if it does not all make sense.
            If you need to get help from someone, it may make sense to
            them.</para>

          <para>If your version of &man.ppp.8; does not understand the
            <command>set log</command> command, you should download the
            <ulink url="http://people.FreeBSD.org/~brian/">
            latest version</ulink>. It will build on FreeBSD version
            2.1.5 and higher.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-hangs">
          <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; hang when I run it?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>This is usually because your hostname will not resolve.
            The best way to fix this is to make sure that
            <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> is consulted by your
            resolver first by editing <filename>/etc/host.conf</filename>
            and putting the <literal>hosts</literal> line first.  Then,
            simply put an entry in <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> for
            your local machine.  If you have no local network, change your
            <hostid>localhost</hostid> line:</para>

          <programlisting>127.0.0.1        foo.bar.com foo localhost</programlisting>

          <para>Otherwise, simply add another entry for your host.
            Consult the relevant man pages for more details.</para>

          <para>You should be able to successfully
            <command>ping -c1 `hostname`</command> when you are done.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-nodial-auto">
          <para>Why will &man.ppp.8; not dial in <literal>-auto</literal>
            mode?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>First, check that you have got a default route.  By running
            <command>netstat -rn</command> (see &man.netstat.1;), you should see two entries like this:</para>

          <programlisting>Destination        Gateway            Flags     Refs     Use     Netif Expire
default            10.0.0.2           UGSc        0        0      tun0
10.0.0.2           10.0.0.1           UH          0        0      tun0</programlisting>

          <para>This is assuming that you have used the addresses from the
            handbook, the man page or from the ppp.conf.sample file.
            If you do not have a default route, it may be because you are
            running an old version of &man.ppp.8;
            that does not understand the word <literal>HISADDR</literal>
            in the ppp.conf file.  If your version of
            &man.ppp.8; is from before FreeBSD
            2.2.5, change the</para>

          <programlisting>add 0 0 HISADDR</programlisting>

          <para>line to one saying</para>


          <programlisting>add 0 0 10.0.0.2</programlisting>

          <para>Another reason for the default route line being missing
            is that you have mistakenly set up a default router in your
            <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> (see &man.rc.conf.5;) file (this file was called
            <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename> prior to release 2.2.2),
            and you have omitted the line saying</para>

          <programlisting>delete ALL</programlisting>

          <para>from <filename>ppp.conf</filename>.  If this is the case,
            go back to the <ulink
            url="../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#USERPPP-FINAL">
            Final system configuration</ulink> section of the
            handbook.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="no-route-to-host">
          <para>What does <errorname>No route to host</errorname> mean?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>This error is usually due to a missing</para>

          <programlisting>MYADDR:
  delete ALL
  add 0 0 HISADDR</programlisting>

          <para>section in your <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>
            file.  This is only necessary if you have a dynamic IP address
            or do not know the address of your gateway.  If you are using
            interactive mode, you can type the following after entering
            <literal>packet mode</literal> (packet mode is
            indicated by the capitalized <acronym>PPP</acronym> in the
            prompt):</para>

         <programlisting>delete ALL
add 0 0 HISADDR</programlisting>

          <para>Refer to the <ulink
            url="../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#USERPPP-DYNAMICIP">
            PPP and Dynamic IP addresses</ulink> section of the handbook
            for further details.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="connection-threeminutedrop">
          <para>Why does my connection drop after about 3 minutes?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>The default PPP timeout is 3 minutes.  This can be
            adjusted with the line</para>

          <programlisting>set timeout <replaceable>NNN</replaceable></programlisting>

          <para>where <replaceable>NNN</replaceable> is the number of
            seconds of inactivity before the connection is closed.  If
            <replaceable>NNN</replaceable> is zero, the connection is never
            closed due to a timeout. It is possible to put this command in
            the <filename>ppp.conf</filename> file, or to type it at the
            prompt in interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on
            the fly while the line is active by connecting to
            <application>ppp</application>s server socket using
            &man.telnet.1; or &man.pppctl.8;.
            Refer to the
            &man.ppp.8; man
            page for further details.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-drop-heavy-load">
          <para>Why does my connection drop under heavy load?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>If you have Link Quality Reporting (LQR) configured,
            it is possible that too many LQR packets are lost between
            your machine and the peer.  Ppp deduces that the line must
            therefore be bad, and disconnects.  Prior to FreeBSD version
            2.2.5, LQR was enabled by default.  It is now disabled by
            default. LQR can be disabled with the line</para>

          <programlisting>disable lqr</programlisting>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-drop-random">
          <para>Why does my connection drop after a random amount of
            time?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Sometimes, on a noisy phone line or even on a line with
            call waiting enabled, your modem may hang up because it
            thinks (incorrectly) that it lost carrier.</para>

          <para>There is a setting on most modems for determining how
            tolerant it should be to temporary losses of carrier.  On a
            USR Sportster for example, this is measured by the S10
            register in tenths of a second.  To make your modem more
            forgiving, you could add the following send-expect sequence
            to your dial string:</para>

          <programlisting>set dial "...... ATS10=10 OK ......"</programlisting>

          <para>Refer to your modem manual for details.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-hangs-random">
          <para>Why does my connection hang after a random amount of
            time?</para>
        </question><answer>

          <para>Many people experience hung connections with no apparent
            explanation.  The first thing to establish is which side of
            the link is hung.</para>

          <para>If you are using an external modem, you can simply try
            using &man.ping.8; to see if the
            <acronym>TD</acronym> light is flashing when you transmit data.
            If it flashes (and the <acronym>RD</acronym> light does not),
            the problem is with the remote end. If <acronym>TD</acronym>
            does not flash, the problem is local. With an internal modem,
            you will need to use the <literal>set server</literal> command in
            your <filename>ppp.conf</filename> file. When the hang occurs,
            connect to &man.ppp.8; using &man.pppctl.8;. If your network connection
            suddenly revives (PPP was revived due to the activity on the
            diagnostic socket) or if you cannot connect (assuming the
            <literal>set socket</literal> command succeeded at startup
            time), the problem is local. If you can connect and things are
            still hung, enable local async logging with <literal>set log
            local async</literal> and use &man.ping.8; from
            another window or terminal to make use of the link. The async
            logging will show you the data being transmitted and received
            on the link. If data is going out and not coming back, the
            problem is remote.</para>

          <para>Having established whether the problem is local or remote,
            you now have two possibilities:</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-remote-not-responding">
          <para>The remote end is not responding.  What can I do?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>There is very little you can do about this.  Most ISPs
            will refuse to help if you are not running a Microsoft OS.
            You can <literal>enable lqr</literal> in your
            <filename>ppp.conf</filename> file, allowing &man.ppp.8; to detect
            the remote failure and hang up, but this detection is
            relatively slow and therefore not that useful.  You may want to
            avoid telling your ISP that you are running user-PPP...</para>

          <para>First, try disabling all local compression by adding the
            following to your configuration:</para>

          <programlisting>disable pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj
deny pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj</programlisting>

          <para>Then reconnect to ensure that this makes no difference.
            If things improve or if the problem is solved completely,
            determine which setting makes the difference through trial
            and error.  This will provide good ammunition when you contact
            your ISP (although it may make it apparent that you are not
            running a Microsoft product).</para>

          <para>Before contacting your ISP, enable async logging locally
            and wait until the connection hangs again.  This may use up
            quite a bit of disk space.  The last data read from the port
            may be of interest.  It is usually ascii data, and may even
            describe the problem
            (<quote>Memory fault, core dumped</quote>?).</para>

          <para>If your ISP is helpful, they should be able to enable
            logging on their end, then when the next link drop occurs,
            they may be able to tell you why their side is having a
            problem.  Feel free to send the details to &a.brian;, or
            even to ask your ISP to contact me directly.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-hung">
          <para>&man.ppp.8; has hung.  What can I do?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Your best bet here is to rebuild &man.ppp.8; by adding
            <literal>CFLAGS+=-g</literal> and <literal>STRIP=</literal>
            to the end of the Makefile, then doing a
            <command>make clean &amp;&amp; make &amp;&amp; make
            install</command>.  When &man.ppp.8; hangs, find the &man.ppp.8; process id
            with <command>ps ajxww | fgrep ppp</command> and run
            <command>gdb ppp <replaceable>PID</replaceable></command>.
            From the gdb prompt, you can then use <command>bt</command>
            to get a stack trace.</para>

          <para>Send the results to <email>brian@Awfulhak.org</email>.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-loginok-thennothing">
          <para>Why does nothing happen after the <quote>Login OK!</quote>
            message?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, once the link was
            established, &man.ppp.8;
            would wait for the peer to initiate the Line Control Protocol
            (LCP).  Many ISPs will not initiate negotiations and expect
            the client to do so.  To force
            &man.ppp.8; to initiate the LCP, use the
            following line:</para>

          <programlisting>set openmode active</programlisting>

            <note>
              <para>It usually does no
            harm if both sides initiate negotiation, so openmode is now
            active by default.  However, the next section explains when
            it <emphasis>does</emphasis> do some harm.</para>
            </note>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-same-magic">
          <para>I keep seeing errors about magic being the same.  What does
            it mean?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Occasionally, just after connecting, you may see messages
            in the log that say <quote>magic is the same</quote>.
            Sometimes, these messages are harmless, and sometimes one side
            or the other exits.  Most PPP implementations cannot survive
            this problem, and even if the link seems to come up, you will see
            repeated configure requests and configure acknowledgments in
            the log file until &man.ppp.8; eventually gives up and closes the
            connection.</para>

          <para>This normally happens on server machines with slow disks
            that are spawning a getty on the port, and executing &man.ppp.8; from
            a login script or program after login.  I have also heard reports
            of it happening consistently when using slirp.  The reason is
            that in the time taken between &man.getty.8; exiting and &man.ppp.8; starting,
            the client-side &man.ppp.8; starts sending Line Control Protocol (LCP)
            packets.  Because ECHO is still switched on for the port on
            the server, the client &man.ppp.8; sees these packets
            <quote>reflect</quote> back.</para>

          <para>One part of the LCP negotiation is to establish a magic
            number for each side of the link so that
            <quote>reflections</quote> can be detected. The protocol says
            that when the peer tries to negotiate the same magic number, a
            NAK should be sent and a new magic number should be chosen.
            During the period that the server port has ECHO turned on, the
            client &man.ppp.8; sends LCP packets, sees the same magic in the
            reflected packet and NAKs it. It also sees the NAK reflect
            (which also means &man.ppp.8; must change its magic). This produces a
            potentially enormous number of magic number changes, all of
            which are happily piling into the server's tty buffer. As soon
            as &man.ppp.8; starts on the server, it is flooded with magic number
            changes and almost immediately decides it has tried enough to
            negotiate LCP and gives up. Meanwhile, the client, who no
            longer sees the reflections, becomes happy just in time to see
            a hangup from the server.</para>

          <para>This can be avoided by allowing the peer to start
            negotiating with the following line in your ppp.conf
            file:</para>

          <programlisting>set openmode passive</programlisting>

          <para>This tells &man.ppp.8; to wait for the server to initiate LCP
            negotiations.  Some servers however may never initiate
            negotiations.  If this is the case, you can do something
            like:</para>

          <programlisting>set openmode active 3</programlisting>

          <para>This tells &man.ppp.8; to be passive for 3 seconds, and then to
            start sending LCP requests.  If the peer starts sending
            requests during this period, &man.ppp.8; will immediately respond
            rather than waiting for the full 3 second period.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-lcp-constant">
          <para>LCP negotiations continue until the connection is
            closed.  What is wrong?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>There is currently an implementation mis-feature in
            &man.ppp.8; where it does not associate
            LCP, CCP &amp; IPCP responses with their original requests. As
            a result, if one PPP
            implementation is more than 6 seconds slower than the other
            side, the other side will send two additional LCP configuration
            requests. This is fatal.</para>

          <para>Consider two implementations,
            <hostid>A</hostid> and
            <hostid>B</hostid>. <hostid>A</hostid> starts
            sending LCP requests immediately after connecting and
            <hostid>B</hostid> takes 7 seconds to start. When
            <hostid>B</hostid> starts, <hostid>A</hostid>
            has sent 3 LCP REQs. We are assuming the line has ECHO switched
            off, otherwise we would see magic number problems as described in
            the previous section. <hostid>B</hostid> sends a
            REQ, then an ACK to the first of
            <hostid>A</hostid>'s REQs. This results in
            <hostid>A</hostid> entering the <acronym>OPENED</acronym>
            state and sending and ACK (the first) back to
            <hostid>B</hostid>. In the meantime,
            <hostid>B</hostid> sends back two more ACKs in response to
            the two additional REQs sent by <hostid>A</hostid>
            before <hostid>B</hostid> started up.
            <hostid>B</hostid> then receives the first ACK from
            <hostid>A</hostid> and enters the
            <acronym>OPENED</acronym> state.
            <hostid>A</hostid> receives the second ACK from
            <hostid>B</hostid> and goes back to the
            <acronym>REQ-SENT</acronym> state, sending another (forth) REQ
            as per the RFC. It then receives the third ACK and enters the
            <acronym>OPENED</acronym> state. In the meantime,
            <hostid>B</hostid> receives the forth REQ from
            <hostid>A</hostid>, resulting in it reverting to the
            <acronym>ACK-SENT</acronym> state and sending
            another (second) REQ and (forth) ACK as per the RFC.
            <hostid>A</hostid> gets the REQ, goes into
            <acronym>REQ-SENT</acronym> and sends another REQ. It
            immediately receives the following ACK and enters
            <acronym>OPENED</acronym>.</para>

          <para>This goes on until one side figures out that they are
            getting nowhere and gives up.</para>

          <para>The best way to avoid this is to configure one side to be
            <literal>passive</literal> - that is, make one side
            wait for the other to start negotiating.  This can be done
            with the</para>

          <programlisting>set openmode passive</programlisting>

          <para>command.  Care should be taken with this option.  You
            should also use the</para>

          <programlisting>set stopped N</programlisting>

          <para>command to limit the amount of time that
            &man.ppp.8; waits for the peer to begin
            negotiations.  Alternatively, the</para>

          <programlisting>set openmode active N</programlisting>

          <para>command (where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the
            number of seconds to wait before starting negotiations) can be
            used.  Check the manual page for details.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-lockups">
          <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; lock up shortly after connection?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Prior to version 2.2.5 of FreeBSD, it was possible that
            your link was disabled shortly after connection due to
            &man.ppp.8; mis-handling Predictor1
            compression negotiation. This would only happen if both sides
            tried to negotiate different Compression Control Protocols
            (CCP). This problem is now corrected, but if you are still
            running an old version of &man.ppp.8;
            the problem can be circumvented with the line</para>

          <programlisting>disable pred1</programlisting>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-shell-test-lockup">
          <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; lock up when I shell out to test it?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>When you execute the <command>shell</command> or
            <command>!</command> command, &man.ppp.8; executes a
            shell (or if you have passed any arguments,
            &man.ppp.8; will execute those arguments). Ppp will
            wait for the command to complete before continuing. If you
            attempt to use the PPP link while running the command, the link
            will appear to have frozen. This is because
            &man.ppp.8; is waiting for the command to
            complete.</para>

          <para>If you wish to execute commands like this, use the
            <command>!bg</command> command instead.  This will execute
            the given command in the background, and &man.ppp.8; can continue to
            service the link.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-nullmodem">
          <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; over a null-modem cable never exit?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>There is no way for &man.ppp.8; to
            automatically determine that a direct connection has been
            dropped.  This is due to the lines that are used in a
            null-modem serial cable.  When using this sort of connection,
            LQR should always be enabled with the line</para>

          <programlisting>enable lqr</programlisting>

          <para>LQR is accepted by default if negotiated by the peer.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-auto-noreasondial">
          <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; dial for no reason in -auto mode?</para>
        </question><answer>

          <para>If &man.ppp.8; is dialing
            unexpectedly, you must determine the cause, and set up Dial
            filters (dfilters) to prevent such dialing.</para>

          <para>To determine the cause, use the following line:</para>

          <programlisting>set log +tcp/ip</programlisting>

          <para>This will log all traffic through the connection.  The
            next time the line comes up unexpectedly, you will see the
            reason logged with a convenient timestamp next to it.</para>

          <para>You can now disable dialing under these circumstances.
            Usually, this sort of problem arises due to DNS lookups.  To
            prevent DNS lookups from establishing a connection (this will
            <emphasis>not</emphasis> prevent
            &man.ppp.8; from passing the packets
            through an established connection), use the following:</para>

          <programlisting>set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53
set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53
set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0</programlisting>

          <para>This is not always suitable, as it will effectively break
            your demand-dial capabilities - most programs will need a DNS
            lookup before doing any other network related things.</para>

          <para>In the DNS case, you should try to determine what is
            actually trying to resolve a host name.  A lot of the time,
            &man.sendmail.8; is the culprit.  You should make sure that
            you tell sendmail not to do any DNS lookups in its
            configuration file.  See the section on
            <link linkend="ispmail">Mail Configuration</link> for details
            on how to create your own configuration file and what should
            go into it.  You may also want to add the following line to
            your <filename>.mc</filename> file:</para>

          <programlisting>define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl</programlisting>

          <para>This will make sendmail queue everything until the queue
            is run (usually, sendmail is invoked with
            <option>-bd -q30m</option>, telling it to run the queue every
            30 minutes) or until a <command>sendmail -q</command> is done
            (perhaps from your ppp.linkup file).</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ccp-errors">
          <para>What do these CCP errors mean?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>I keep seeing the following errors in my log file:</para>

          <programlisting>CCP: CcpSendConfigReq
CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6)</programlisting>

          <para>This is because &man.ppp.8; is trying to negotiate Predictor1
            compression, and the peer does not want to negotiate any
            compression at all.  The messages are harmless, but if you
            wish to remove them, you can disable Predictor1 compression
            locally too:</para>

          <programlisting>disable pred1</programlisting>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-lockup-ioerrors">
          <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; lock up during file transfers with IO
            errors?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Under FreeBSD 2.2.2 and before, there was a bug in the
            tun driver that prevents incoming packets of a size larger
            than the tun interface's MTU size.  Receipt of a packet
            greater than the MTU size results in an IO error being logged
            via syslogd.</para>

          <para>The PPP specification says that an MRU of 1500 should
            <emphasis>always</emphasis> be accepted as a minimum,
            despite any LCP negotiations, therefore it is possible that
            should you decrease the MTU to less than 1500, your ISP will
            transmit packets of 1500 regardless, and you will tickle this
            non-feature - locking up your link.</para>

          <para>The problem can be circumvented by never setting an MTU of
            less than 1500 under FreeBSD 2.2.2 or before.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-connectionspeed">
          <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; not log my connection speed?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

          <para>In order to log all lines of your modem
            <quote>conversation</quote>, you must enable the
            following:</para>

          <programlisting>set log +connect</programlisting>

          <para>This will make &man.ppp.8; log
            everything up until the last requested <quote>expect</quote>
            string.</para>

          <para>If you wish to see your connect speed and are using PAP
            or CHAP (and therefore do not have anything to
            <quote>chat</quote> after the CONNECT in the dial script - no
            <literal>set login</literal> script), you must make sure that
            you instruct &man.ppp.8; to <quote>expect</quote> the whole CONNECT
            line, something like this:</para>

          <programlisting>set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \
  \"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n"</programlisting>

          <para>Here, we get our CONNECT, send nothing, then expect a
            line-feed, forcing &man.ppp.8; to read
            the whole CONNECT response.</para>

        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-ignores-backslash">
          <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; ignore the <literal>\</literal> character
            in my chat script?</para>
        </question><answer>

          <para>Ppp parses each line in your config files so that it can
            interpret strings such as
            <literal>set phone "123 456 789"</literal> correctly (and
            realize that the number is actually only
            <emphasis>one</emphasis> argument. In order to specify a
            <literal>&quot;</literal> character, you must escape it
            using a backslash (<literal>\</literal>).</para>

          <para>When the chat interpreter parses each argument, it
            re-interprets the argument in order to find any special
            escape sequences such as <literal>\P</literal> or
            <literal>\T</literal> (see the man page).  As a result of this
            double-parsing, you must remember to use the correct number of
            escapes.</para>

          <para>If you wish to actually send a <literal>\</literal>
            character to (say) your modem, you would need something
            like:</para>

          <programlisting>set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK"</programlisting>

          <para>resulting in the following sequence:</para>

          <programlisting>ATZ
OK
AT\X
OK</programlisting>

          <para>or</para>

          <programlisting>set phone 1234567
set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T"</programlisting>

          <para>resulting in the following sequence:</para>

          <programlisting>ATZ
OK
ATDT1234567</programlisting>

        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-segfault-nocore">
          <para>Why does &man.ppp.8; get a seg-fault, but I see no
            <filename>ppp.core</filename> file?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Ppp (or any other program for that matter) should never
            dump core.  Because &man.ppp.8; runs with an effective user id of 0,
            the operating system will not write &man.ppp.8;'s core image to disk
            before terminating it.  If, however &man.ppp.8;
            is actually terminating due to a
            segmentation violation or some other signal that normally
            causes core to be dumped, <emphasis>and</emphasis>
            you are sure you are using the latest version (see the start of
            this section), then you should do the following:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>tar xfz ppp-*.src.tar.gz</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>cd ppp*/ppp</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>echo STRIP= &gt;&gt;Makefile</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>echo CFLAGS+=-g &gt;&gt;Makefile</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>make clean all</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>su</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 555 /usr/sbin/ppp</userinput></screen>

          <para>You will now have a debuggable version of &man.ppp.8; installed.
            You will have to be <username>root</username> to run &man.ppp.8; as all of its privileges
            have been revoked.  When you start &man.ppp.8;, take a careful note
            of what your current directory was at the time.</para>

          <para>Now, if and when &man.ppp.8; receives the segmentation violation,
            it will dump a core file called <filename>ppp.core</filename>.  You should then do
            the following:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>su</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>gdb /usr/sbin/ppp ppp.core</userinput>
<prompt>(gdb)</prompt> <userinput>bt</userinput>
.....
<prompt>(gdb)</prompt> <userinput>f 0</userinput>
....
<prompt>(gdb)</prompt> <userinput>i args</userinput>
....
<prompt>(gdb)</prompt> <userinput>l</userinput>
.....</screen>

          <para>All of this information should be given alongside your
            question, making it possible to diagnose the problem.</para>

          <para>If you are familiar with gdb, you may wish to find out some
            other bits and pieces such as what actually caused the dump and
            the addresses &amp; values of the relevant variables.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-autodialprocess-noconnect">
          <para>Why does the process that forces a dial in auto mode never
            connect?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>This was a known problem with
            &man.ppp.8; set up to negotiate a
            dynamic local IP number with the peer in auto mode.  It is
            fixed in the latest version - search the man page for
            <literal>iface</literal>.</para>

          <para>The problem was that when that initial program calls
            &man.connect.2;, the IP number of the tun interface is assigned
            to the socket endpoint. The kernel creates the first outgoing
            packet and writes it to the tun device.
            &man.ppp.8; then reads the packet and
            establishes a connection. If, as a result of
            &man.ppp.8;'s dynamic IP assignment, the
            interface address is changed, the original socket endpoint will
            be invalid. Any subsequent packets sent to the peer will
            usually be dropped. Even if they are not, any responses will
            not route back to the originating machine as the IP number is
            no longer owned by that machine.</para>

          <para>There are several theoretical ways to approach this
            problem. It would be nicest if the peer would re-assign the
            same IP number if possible <literal>:-)</literal>
            The current version of &man.ppp.8; does
            this, but most other implementations do not.</para>

          <para>The easiest method from our side would be to never change
            the tun interface IP number, but instead to change all outgoing
            packets so that the source IP number is changed from the
            interface IP to the negotiated IP on the fly. This is
            essentially what the <literal>iface-alias</literal> option in
            the latest version of &man.ppp.8; is
            doing (with the help of
            &man.libalias.3; and &man.ppp.8;'s <option>-nat</option> switch) -
            it is maintaining all previous interface addresses and NATing
            them to the last negotiated address.</para>

          <para>Another alternative (and probably the most reliable) would
            be to implement a system call that changes all bound sockets
            from one IP to another.  &man.ppp.8; would
            use this call to modify the sockets of all existing programs
            when a new IP number is negotiated. The same system call could
            be used by dhcp clients when they are forced to re-bind() their
            sockets.</para>

          <para>Yet another possibility is to allow an interface to be
            brought up without an IP number. Outgoing packets would be
            given an IP number of 255.255.255.255 up until the first
            SIOCAIFADDR ioctl is done. This would result in fully binding
            the socket. It would be up to &man.ppp.8;
            to change the source IP number, but only if it is set to
            255.255.255.255, and only the IP number and IP checksum would
            need to change. This, however is a bit of a hack as the kernel
            would be sending bad packets to an improperly configured
            interface, on the assumption that some other mechanism is
            capable of fixing things retrospectively.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ppp-nat-games">
          <para>Why do most games not work with the -nat switch?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>The reason games and the like do not work when libalias
            is in use is that the machine on the outside will try to open a
            connection or send (unsolicited) UDP packets to the machine on
            the inside. The NAT software does not know that it should send
            these packets to the interior machine.</para>

          <para>To make things work, make sure that the only thing
            running is the software that you are having problems with, then
            either run tcpdump on the tun interface of the gateway or
            enable &man.ppp.8; tcp/ip logging (<literal>set log +tcp/ip</literal>)
            on the gateway.</para>

          <para>When you start the offending software, you should see
            packets passing through the gateway machine. When something
            comes back from the outside, it will be dropped (that is the
            problem). Note the port number of these packets then shut down
            the offending software. Do this a few times to see if the port
            numbers are consistent. If they are, then the following line in
            the relevant section of <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> will make the
            software functional:</para>

          <programlisting>nat port <replaceable>proto</replaceable> <replaceable>internalmachine</replaceable>:<replaceable>port</replaceable> <replaceable>port</replaceable></programlisting>

          <para>where <replaceable>proto</replaceable> is either
            <literal>tcp</literal> or <literal>udp</literal>,
            <replaceable>internalmachine</replaceable> is the machine that
            you want the packets to be sent to and
            <replaceable>port</replaceable> is the destination port number
            of the packets.</para>

          <para>You will not be able to use the software on other machines
            without changing the above command, and running the software
            on two internal machines at the same time is out of the question
            - after all, the outside world is seeing your entire internal
            network as being just a single machine.</para>

          <para>If the port numbers are not consistent, there are three
            more options:</para>

          <orderedlist>
            <listitem>
          <para>Submit support in
            libalias. Examples of <quote>special cases</quote> can be found
            in <filename>/usr/src/lib/libalias/alias_*.c</filename>
            (<filename>alias_ftp.c</filename> is a good prototype). This
            usually involves reading certain recognised outgoing packets,
            identifying the instruction that tells the outside machine to
            initiate a connection back to the internal machine on a
            specific (random) port and setting up a <quote>route</quote> in
            the alias table so that the subsequent packets know where to
            go.</para>

          <para>This is the most difficult solution, but it is the best
            and will make the software work with multiple machines.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>Use a proxy.  The
            application may support socks5 for example, or (as in the
            <quote>cvsup</quote> case) may have a <quote>passive</quote>
            option that avoids ever requesting that the peer open
            connections back to the local machine.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
          <para>Redirect everything to
            the internal machine using <literal>nat addr</literal>.  This
            is the sledge-hammer approach.</para>
            </listitem>
          </orderedlist>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="useful-port-numbers">
          <para>Has anybody made a list of useful port numbers?</para>
        </question><answer>

          <para>Not yet, but this is intended to grow into such a list
            (if any interest is shown).  In each example,
            <replaceable>internal</replaceable> should be replaced with
            the IP number of the machine playing the game.</para>

          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para><application>Asheron's Call</application></para>

              <para><literal>nat port udp
                <replaceable>internal</replaceable>
                :65000 65000</literal></para>

              <para>Manually change the port number within the game to
                65000. If you have got a number of machines that you wish
                to play on assign a unique port number for each (i.e.
                65001, 65002, etc) and add a <literal>nat port</literal>
                line for each one.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para><application>Half Life</application></para>

              <para><literal>nat port udp
                <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:27005
                27015</literal></para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para><application>PCAnywhere 8.0</application></para>

              <para><literal>nat port udp
                <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:5632
                5632</literal></para>

              <para><literal>nat port tcp
                <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:5631
                5631</literal></para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para><application>Quake</application></para>

              <para><literal>nat port udp
                <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:6112
                6112</literal></para>

              <para>Alternatively, you may want to take a look at <ulink
                url="http://www.battle.net/support/proxy/">
                www.battle.net</ulink> for Quake proxy support.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para><application>Quake 2</application></para>

              <para><literal>nat port udp
                <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:27901
                27910</literal></para>
              <para><literal>nat port udp
                <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:60021
                60021</literal></para>
              <para><literal>nat port udp
                <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:60040
                60040</literal></para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para><application>Red Alert</application></para>

              <para><literal>nat port udp
                <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:8675
                8675</literal></para>

              <para><literal>nat port udp
                <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:5009
                5009</literal></para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="fcs-errors">
          <para>What are FCS errors?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FCS stands for <literal>F</literal>rame
            <literal>C</literal>heck
            <literal>S</literal>equence.  Each PPP packet
            has a checksum attached to ensure that the data being
            received is the data being sent.  If the FCS of an incoming
            packet is incorrect, the packet is dropped and the HDLC FCS
            count is increased.  The HDLC error values can be displayed
            using the <literal>show hdlc</literal> command.</para>

          <para>If your link is bad (or if your serial driver is dropping
            packets), you will see the occasional FCS error.  This is not
            usually worth worrying about although it does slow down the
            compression protocols substantially.  If you have an external
            modem, make sure your cable is properly shielded from
            interference - this may eradicate the problem.</para>

          <para>If your link freezes as soon as you have connected and you
            see a large number of FCS errors, this may be because your link
            is not 8 bit clean. Make sure your modem is not using software
            flow control (XON/XOFF). If your datalink
            <emphasis>must</emphasis> use software flow control, use the
            command <literal>set accmap 0x000a0000</literal> to tell
            &man.ppp.8; to escape the <literal>^Q</literal> and
            <literal>^S</literal> characters.</para>

          <para>Another reason for seeing too many FCS errors may be that
            the remote end has stopped talking <acronym>PPP</acronym>. You
            may want to enable <literal>async</literal> logging at this
            point to determine if the incoming data is actually a login or
            shell prompt. If you have a shell prompt at the remote end,
            it is possible to terminate &man.ppp.8; without dropping the line by
            using the <literal>close lcp</literal> command (a following
            <literal>term</literal> command will reconnect you to the shell
            on the remote machine.</para>

          <para>If nothing in your log file indicates why the link might
            have been terminated, you should ask the remote administrator
            (your ISP?) why the session was terminated.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry id="PPPoEwithNAT">
        <question id="macos-win98-pppoe-freeze">
          <para>Why do MacOS and Windows 98 connections freeze when
            running PPPoE on the gateway?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Thanks to Michael Wozniak
            <email>mwozniak@netcom.ca</email> for figuring this out and
            Dan Flemming <email>danflemming@mac.com</email> for the Mac
            solution:</para>

          <para>This is due to what is called a <quote>Black Hole</quote>
            router.  MacOS and Windows 98 (and maybe other Microsoft OSs)
            send TCP packets with a requested segment size too big to fit
            into a PPPoE frame (MTU is 1500 by default for Ethernet)
            <emphasis>and</emphasis> have the <quote>do not
            fragment</quote> bit set (default of TCP) and the Telco router
            is not sending ICMP <quote>must fragment</quote> back to the
            www site you are trying to load.  (Alternatively, the router is
            sending the ICMP packet correctly, but the firewall at the www
            site is dropping it.)  When the www server is sending
            you frames that do not fit into the PPPoE pipe the Telco router
            drops them on the floor and your page does not load (some
            pages/graphics do as they are smaller than a MSS.) This seems
            to be the default of most Telco PPPoE configurations (if only
            they knew how to program a router... sigh...)</para>

          <para>One fix is to use regedit on your 95/98 boxes to add the
            following registry entry...</para>

          <programlisting>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Class\NetTrans\0000\MaxMTU</programlisting>

          <para>It should be a string with a value <quote>1436</quote>, as
            some ADSL routers are reported to be unable to deal with packets
            larger than this.  This registry key has been changed to
            <literal>Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\<replaceable>ID for adapter</replaceable>\MTU</literal>
            in Windows 2000 and becomes a DWORD.</para>

          <para>Refer to the Microsoft Knowledge Base documents <ulink
            url="http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q158/4/74.asp">Q158474
            - Windows TCPIP Registry Entries</ulink> and <ulink
            url="http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q120/6/42.asp">Q120642
            - TCPIP & NBT Configuration Parameters for Windows
            NT</ulink> for more information on changing Windows MTU to
            work with a NAT router.</para>

          <para>Another regedit possibility under Windows 2000 is to
            set the
            <literal>Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\<replaceable>ID for
            adapter</replaceable>\EnablePMTUBHDetect</literal> DWORD
            to 1 as mentioned in the Microsoft document 120642
            mentioned above.</para>

          <para>Unfortunately, MacOS does not provide an interface for
            changing TCP/IP settings. However, there is commercial software
            available, such as OTAdvancedTuner (OT for OpenTransport, the
            MacOS TCP/IP stack) by <ulink
            url="http://www.softworks.com/">Sustainable Softworks</ulink>,
            that will allow users to customize TCP/IP settings. MacOS NAT
            users should select <literal>ip_interface_MTU</literal> from
            the drop-down menu, enter <literal>1450</literal> instead of
            <literal>1500</literal> in the box, click the box next to
            <literal>Save as Auto Configure</literal>, and click
            <literal>Make Active</literal>.</para>

          <para>The latest version of &man.ppp.8;
            (2.3 or greater) has an <command>enable tcpmssfixup</command>
            command that will automatically adjust the MSS to an appropriate
            value.  This facility is enabled by default.  If you are stuck
            with an older version of &man.ppp.8;, you
            may want to look at the <application>tcpmssd</application>
            port.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="desperation">
          <para>None of this helps - I am desperate!  What can I do?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>If all else fails, send as much information as you can,
            including your config files, how you are starting
            &man.ppp.8;, the relevant parts of your
            log file and the output of the <command>netstat -rn</command>
            command (before and after connecting) to the &a.questions; or
            the <ulink url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc">
            comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc</ulink> news group, and someone
            should point you in the right direction.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="serial">
    <title>Serial Communications</title>

    <para>This section answers common questions about serial
      communications with FreeBSD.  PPP and SLIP are covered in the
      <xref linkend="networking" remap="Networking"/> section.</para>


    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="found-serial">
          <para>How do I tell if FreeBSD found my serial ports?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>As the FreeBSD kernel boots, it will probe for the serial
            ports in your system for which the kernel was configured.
            You can either watch your system closely for the messages it
            prints or run the command</para>

          <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>dmesg | grep sio</userinput></screen>

          <para>after your system is up and running.</para>

          <para>Here is some example output from the above command:</para>

          <programlisting>sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa
sio0: type 16550A
sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa
sio1: type 16550A</programlisting>

          <para>This shows two serial ports.  The first is on irq 4, is
            using port address <literal>0x3f8</literal>, and has a
            16550A-type UART chip.  The second uses the same kind of chip
            but is on irq 3 and is at port address <literal>0x2f8</literal>.
            Internal modem cards are treated just like serial ports---except
            that they always have a modem <quote>attached</quote> to the
            port.</para>

          <para>The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel includes support
            for two serial ports using the same irq and port address
            settings in the above example.  If these settings are not
            right for your system, or if you have added modem cards or have
            more serial ports than your kernel is configured for, just
            reconfigure your kernel.  See section
            <link linkend="make-kernel">about building a kernel</link> for
            more details.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="found-modem">
          <para>How do I tell if FreeBSD found my modem cards?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Refer to the answer to the previous question.</para>

        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="missing-tty0X">
          <para>I just upgraded to 2.0.5 and my
            <devicename>tty0<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename>
            are missing!  How do I solve this problem?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Do not worry, they have been merged with the
            <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> devices. You will have to change
            any old configuration files you have, though.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="access-serial-ports">
          <para>How do I access the serial ports on FreeBSD?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>The third serial port,
            <devicename>sio2</devicename>
            (see &man.sio.4;, known as COM3 in DOS), is on <devicename>/dev/cuaa2</devicename>
            for dial-out devices, and on <devicename>/dev/ttyd2</devicename>
            for dial-in devices.  What is the difference between these two
            classes of devices?</para>

          <para>You use <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> for dial-ins.  When
            opening <devicename>/dev/ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> in blocking mode, a
            process will wait for the corresponding
            <devicename>cuaa<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> device to become inactive, and then
            wait for the carrier detect line to go active.  When you open
            the <devicename>cuaa<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> device, it makes sure the serial
            port is not already in use by the <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename>
            device. If the port is available, it <quote>steals</quote> it
            from the <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> device. Also, the
            <devicename>cuaa<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> device does not care about carrier
            detect. With this scheme and an auto-answer modem, you can have
            remote users log in and you can still dial out with the same
            modem and the system will take care of all the
            conflicts.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="enable-multiport-serial">
          <para>How do I enable support for a multiport serial
            card?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Again, the section on kernel configuration provides
            information about configuring your kernel. For a multiport
            serial card, place an &man.sio.4; line
            for each serial port on the card in the kernel configuration
            file. But place the irq and vector specifiers on only one of
            the entries. All of the ports on the card should share one irq.
            For consistency, use the last serial port to specify the irq.
            Also, specify the <literal>COM_MULTIPORT</literal>
            option.</para>

          <para>The following example is for an AST 4-port serial card on
            irq 7:</para>

          <programlisting>options "COM_MULTIPORT"
device sio4 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty flags 0x781
device sio5 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x781
device sio6 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x781
device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr</programlisting>

          <para>The flags indicate that the master port has minor number 7
            (<literal>0x700</literal>), diagnostics enabled during probe
            (<literal>0x080</literal>), and all the ports share an irq
            (<literal>0x001</literal>).</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="multiport-serial-share-irq">
          <para>Can FreeBSD handle multiport serial cards sharing
            irqs?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Not yet. You will have to use a different irq for each
            card.</para>

        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="default-serial-params">
          <para>Can I set the default serial parameters for a
            port?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>The <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename> (or
            <devicename>cuaa<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename>) device is the regular device
            you will want to open for your applications.  When a process
            opens the device, it will have a default set of terminal I/O
            settings. You can see these settings with the command</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>stty -a -f /dev/ttyd1</userinput></screen>

          <para>When you change the settings to this device, the settings
            are in effect until the device is closed.  When it is reopened,
            it goes back to the default set.  To make changes to the
            default set, you can open and adjust the settings of the
            <quote>initial state</quote> device. For example, to turn on
            <acronym>CLOCAL</acronym> mode, 8 bits, and
            <acronym>XON/XOFF</acronym> flow control by default for
            ttyd5, do:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>stty -f /dev/ttyid5 clocal cs8 ixon ixoff</userinput></screen>

          <para>A good place to do this is in
            <filename>/etc/rc.serial</filename>. Now, an application will
            have these settings by default when it opens
            <filename>ttyd5</filename>.  It can still change these settings
            to its liking, though.</para>

          <para>You can also prevent certain settings from being changed
            by an application by making adjustments to the
            <quote>lock state</quote> device.  For example, to lock the
            speed of <devicename>ttyd5</devicename> to 57600 bps, do</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>stty -f /dev/ttyld5 57600</userinput></screen>

          <para>Now, an application that opens <devicename>ttyd5</devicename>
            and tries to change the speed of the port will be stuck with
          57600 bps.</para>

          <para>Naturally, you should make the initial state and lock state
            devices writable only by <username>root</username>. The
            &man.MAKEDEV.8;
            script does <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> do this when it creates the
            device entries.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="enable-dialup">
          <para>How can I enable dialup logins on my modem?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>So you want to become an Internet service provider, eh?
            First, you will need one or more modems that can auto-answer.
            Your modem will need to assert carrier-detect when it detects a
            carrier and not assert it all the time. It will need to hang up
            the phone and reset itself when the data terminal ready
            (<acronym>DTR</acronym>) line goes from on to off. It should
            probably use <filename>RTS/CTS</filename> flow control or no
            local flow control at all. Finally, it must use a constant
            speed between the computer and itself, but (to be nice to your
            callers) it should negotiate a speed between itself and the
            remote modem.</para>

          <para>For many Hayes command-set--compatible modems, this
            command will make these settings and store them in
            nonvolatile memory:</para>

          <programlisting>AT &amp;C1 &amp;D3 &amp;K3 &amp;Q6 S0=1 &amp;W</programlisting>

          <para>See the section <link linkend="direct-at">on sending AT
            commands</link> below for information on how to make these
            settings without resorting to an MS-DOS terminal program.</para>

          <para>Next, make an entry in
            <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> (see &man.ttys.5;) for the modem.  This file lists all the ports
            on which the operating system will await logins.  Add a line
            that looks something like this:</para>

          <programlisting>ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.57600" dialup on insecure</programlisting>

          <para>This line indicates that the second serial port
            (<devicename>/dev/ttyd1</devicename>) has a modem connected
            running at 57600 bps and no parity
            (<literal>std.57600</literal>, which comes from the file
            <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>, see &man.gettytab.5;).
            The terminal type for this port is <literal>dialup</literal>.
            The port is <literal>on</literal> and is
            <literal>insecure</literal>---meaning <username>root</username>
	    logins on the port are not allowed. For dialin ports like this one,
	    use the <devicename>ttyd<replaceable>X</replaceable></devicename>
	    entry.</para>

          <para>It is common practice to use <literal>dialup</literal> as
            the terminal type. Many users set up in their <filename>.profile</filename> or
            <filename>.login</filename> files a prompt for the actual terminal type if the
            starting type is dialup. The example shows the port as
            insecure. To become <username>root</username> on this port, you
	    have to login as a regular user, then &man.su.1; to become
            <username>root</username>. If you use <literal>secure</literal>
            then <username>root</username> can login in directly.</para>

          <para>After making modifications to
            <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, you need to send a hangup or
            <acronym>HUP</acronym> signal to the
            &man.init.8; process:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -HUP 1</userinput></screen>

          <para>This forces the &man.init.8; process to reread
            <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>.  The init process will then start getty
            processes on all <literal>on</literal> ports.  You can find
            out if logins are available for your port by typing</para>

          <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ps -ax | grep '[t]tyd1'</userinput></screen>

          <para>You should see something like:</para>

          <programlisting>747 ??  I      0:00.04 /usr/libexec/getty std.57600 ttyd1</programlisting>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="dumb-terminal">
          <para>How can I connect a dumb terminal to my FreeBSD
            box?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>If you are using another computer as a terminal into your
            FreeBSD system, get a null modem cable to go between the two
            serial ports.  If you are using an actual terminal, see its
            accompanying instructions.</para>

          <para>Then, modify
            <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> (see &man.ttys.5;), like above.  For example, if you are
            hooking up a WYSE-50 terminal to the fifth serial port,
            use an entry like this:</para>

          <programlisting>ttyd4 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wyse50 on secure</programlisting>

          <para>This example shows that the port on
            <devicename>/dev/ttyd4</devicename> has a wyse50 terminal
            connected at 38400 bps with no parity
            (<literal>std.38400</literal> from
            <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>, see &man.gettytab.5;) and <username>root</username> logins are
            allowed (<literal>secure</literal>).</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="cannot-tip">
          <para>Why can I not run <command>tip</command> or
            <command>cu</command>?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>On your system, the programs &man.tip.1;
            and &man.cu.1;
            are probably executable only by
            <username>uucp</username>
            and group <groupname>dialer</groupname>.  You can use the group
            <groupname>dialer</groupname> to control who has access to your
            modem or remote systems.  Just add yourself to group
            dialer.</para>

          <para>Alternatively, you can let everyone on your system
            run &man.tip.1; and &man.cu.1; by
            typing:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 4511 /usr/bin/cu</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip</userinput></screen>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="hayes-unsupported">
          <para>My stock Hayes modem is not supported---what
            can I do?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Actually, the man page for &man.tip.1; is
            out of date.  There is a generic Hayes dialer already built in.
            Just use <literal>at=hayes</literal> in your
            <filename>/etc/remote</filename> (see &man.remote.5;) file.</para>

          <para>The Hayes driver is not smart enough to recognize some of
            the advanced features of newer modems---messages like
            <literal>BUSY</literal>, <literal>NO DIALTONE</literal>, or
            <literal>CONNECT 115200</literal> will just confuse it. You
            should turn those messages off when you use &man.tip.1;
            (using <literal>ATX0&amp;W</literal>).</para>

          <para>Also, the dial timeout for &man.tip.1; is 60
            seconds.  Your modem should use something less, or else tip
            will think there is a communication problem.  Try
            <literal>ATS7=45&amp;W</literal>.</para>

          <para>Actually, as shipped &man.tip.1; does not yet
            support it fully. The solution is to edit the file
            <filename>tipconf.h</filename> in the directory
            <filename>/usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip</filename>.  Obviously you
            need the source distribution to do this.</para>

          <para>Edit the line <literal>#define HAYES 0</literal>
            to <literal>#define HAYES 1</literal>. Then
            <command>make</command> and <command>make install</command>.
            Everything works nicely after that.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="direct-at">
          <para>How am I expected to enter these AT commands?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Make what is called a <quote>direct</quote> entry in your
            <filename>/etc/remote</filename> file (see &man.remote.5;).  For example, if your modem is hooked
            up to the first serial port, <devicename>/dev/cuaa0</devicename>,
            then put in the following line:</para>

          <programlisting>cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none</programlisting>

          <para>Use the highest bps rate your modem supports in the br
            capability.  Then, type
            <command>tip <devicename>cuaa0</devicename></command> (see &man.tip.1;)
            and you will be connected to your modem.</para>

          <para>If there is no <devicename>/dev/cuaa0</devicename> on your
            system, do this:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV cuaa0</userinput></screen>

          <para>Or use cu as <username>root</username> with the following command:</para>

          <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cu -l<replaceable>line</replaceable> -s<replaceable>speed</replaceable></userinput></screen>

          <para>with <replaceable>line</replaceable> being the serial port (e.g.
            <devicename>/dev/cuaa0</devicename>) and <replaceable>speed</replaceable> being the speed
            (e.g.<literal>57600</literal>).  When you are done entering
            the AT commands hit <literal>~.</literal> to exit.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="gt-failure">
          <para>Why does the <literal>&lt;@&gt;</literal> sign for the pn
            capability not work?</para></question><answer>

          <para>The <literal>&lt;@&gt;</literal> sign in the phone number
            capability tells tip to look in
            <filename>/etc/phones</filename> for a phone number.  But the
            <literal>&lt;@&gt;</literal> sign is also a special character
            in capability files like <filename>/etc/remote</filename>.
            Escape it with a backslash:</para>

          <programlisting>pn=\@</programlisting>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="dial-command-line">
          <para>How can I dial a phone number on the command
            line?</para>
        </question><answer>

          <para>Put what is called a <quote>generic</quote> entry in your
            <filename>/etc/remote</filename> file (see &man.remote.5;).  For example:</para>

          <programlisting>tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\
        :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\
        :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:</programlisting>

          <para>Then you can do something like <command>tip -115200
            5551234</command>.  If you prefer &man.cu.1;
            over
            &man.tip.1;, use a generic cu entry:</para>

          <programlisting>cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\
        :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:</programlisting>

          <para>and type <command>cu 5551234 -s 115200</command>.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="set-bps">
          <para>Do I have to type in the bps rate every time I do
            that?</para>
        </question><answer>

          <para>Put in an entry for <literal>tip1200</literal> or
            <literal>cu1200</literal>, but go ahead and use whatever bps
            rate is appropriate with the br capability.
            &man.tip.1;
            thinks a good default is 1200 bps which is why it looks for
            a <literal>tip1200</literal> entry. You do not have to use 1200
            bps, though.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="terminal-server">
          <para>How can I more easily access a number of hosts through a
            terminal server?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Rather than waiting until you are connected and typing
            <literal>CONNECT <replaceable>host</replaceable></literal>
            each time, use tip's <literal>cm</literal> capability. For
            example, these entries in
            <filename>/etc/remote</filename> (see &man.remote.5;):</para>

          <programlisting>pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\
        :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13:
muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\
        :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13:
deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\
        :dv=/dev/cuaa2:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234:</programlisting>

          <para>will let you type <command>tip pain</command> or
            <command>tip muffin</command> to connect to the hosts
            <hostid>pain</hostid> or <hostid>muffin</hostid>; and
            <command>tip deep13</command> to get to the terminal
            server.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="tip-multiline">
          <para>Can tip try more than one line for each site?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>This is often a problem where a university has several
            modem lines and several thousand students trying to use
            them...</para>

          <para>Make an entry for your university in
            <filename>/etc/remote</filename> (see &man.remote.5;) and use <literal>&lt;\@&gt;</literal> for
            the <literal>pn</literal> capability:</para>

          <programlisting>big-university:\
        :pn=\@:tc=dialout
dialout:\
        :dv=/dev/cuaa3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none:</programlisting>

          <para>Then, list the phone numbers for the university in
            <filename>/etc/phones</filename> (see &man.phones.5;):</para>

          <programlisting>big-university 5551111
big-university 5551112
big-university 5551113
big-university 5551114</programlisting>

          <para>&man.tip.1;
            will try each one in the listed order, then give
            up.  If you want to keep retrying, run &man.tip.1;
            in a while loop.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="multi-controlp">
          <para>Why do I have to hit CTRL+P twice to send CTRL+P
            once?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>CTRL+P is the default <quote>force</quote> character,
            used to tell &man.tip.1;
            that the next character is literal data.  You can set the
            force character to any other character with the
            <literal>~s</literal> escape, which means <quote>set a
            variable</quote>.</para>

          <para>Type <literal>~sforce=<replaceable>single-char
            </replaceable></literal> followed by a newline.
            <replaceable>single-char</replaceable> is any single character.
            If you leave out <replaceable>single-char</replaceable>,
            then the force character is the nul character, which you can
            get by typing CTRL+2 or CTRL+SPACE.  A pretty good value for
            <replaceable>single-char</replaceable> is SHIFT+CTRL+6, which
            I have seen only used on some terminal servers.</para>

          <para>You can have the force character be whatever you want by
            specifying the following in your
            <filename>$HOME/.tiprc</filename> file:</para>

          <programlisting>force=<replaceable>single-char</replaceable></programlisting>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="uppercase">
          <para>Why is everything I type suddenly in UPPER CASE?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>You must have pressed CTRL+A, &man.tip.1;
            <quote>raise character</quote>, specially
            designed for people with broken caps-lock keys. Use
            <literal>~s</literal> as above and set the variable
            <quote>raisechar</quote> to something reasonable.  In fact,
            you can set it to the same as the force character, if you
            never expect to use either of these features.</para>

          <para>Here is a sample .tiprc file perfect for Emacs users who
            need to type CTRL+2 and CTRL+A a lot:</para>

          <programlisting>force=^^
raisechar=^^</programlisting>

<para>The ^^ is SHIFT+CTRL+6.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="tip-filetransfer">
          <para>How can I do file transfers with
            <command>tip</command>?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>If you are talking to another Unix system, you can send
            and receive files with <literal>~p</literal> (put) and
            <literal>~t</literal> (take).  These commands run
            &man.cat.1; and
            &man.echo.1; on the remote system to accept and send files.
            The syntax is:</para>

          <programlisting>~p &lt;local-file&gt; [&lt;remote-file&gt;]
~t &lt;remote-file&gt; [&lt;local-file&gt;]</programlisting>

          <para>There is no error checking, so you probably should use
            another protocol, like zmodem.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="zmodem-tip">
          <para>How can I run zmodem with
            <application>tip</application>?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>First, install one of the zmodem programs from the
            ports collection (such as one of the two from the comms
            category, <application>lrzsz</application> or
            <application>rzsz</application>.</para>

          <para>To receive files, start the sending program on the
            remote end.  Then, press enter and type
            <literal>~C rz</literal> (or <literal>~C lrz</literal> if you
            installed <application>lrzsz</application>) to begin
            receiving them locally.</para>

          <para>To send files, start the receiving program on the remote
            end.  Then, press enter and type
            <literal>~C sz <replaceable>files</replaceable></literal>
            (or <literal>~C lsz <replaceable>files</replaceable></literal>)
            to send them to the remote system.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="cannot-find-serial">
          <para>Why does FreeBSD not find my serial ports, even
            when the settings are correct?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Motherboards and cards with Acer UARTs do not probe
            properly under the FreeBSD sio probe.  Obtain a patch from
            <ulink url="http://www.lemis.com/serial-port-patch.html">
            www.lemis.com</ulink> to fix your problem.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="misc">
    <title>¨ä¥¦¦U¦¡¦U¼Ëªº°ÝÃD</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="more-swap">
          <para>¬°¬Æ»ò FreeBSD ¥Îªº¸m´«(swap)ªÅ¶¡¤ñ Linux ¦h¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FreeBSD¶È¬O¬Ý°_¨Ó¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)¥Îªº¤ñLinux¦h¦Ó¤w¡C¦b¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A
            ¨Ã¤£µM¡C¥D­nªº®t²§¬O¦b©ó¡AFreeBSD¿n·¥ªº±N¶¢¸mµL¥Îªº¥D°O¾ÐÅ餺®e
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	    </para>

          <para>µù¡G·í¤@¤è­±FreeBSD¿n·¥ªº¨Ï¥Î¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)ªº¦P®É¡A§A¥²»Ýª`
            ·N¨ì¡AFreeBSD¨Ã¤£·|¥ô·Nªº±N©Ò¦³ªºªF¦è³£±À¤J¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)¤¤¡C¦p¦¹¡A
            §A¤~¤£·|¦b¤@©]±J¾K°_§É«áµo²{¡A¾ã­Ó¨t²Î³£³Q­Ë¶i¤F¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap)¤§¤¤¡C
	    </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="top-freemem">
          <para>§Y¨Ï§Ú¥u¦³¹B¦æ¤Ö¼Æµ{¦¡¡A¬°¤°»ò <command>top</command> Åã¥Ü¥X
	    ¨Óªº³Ñ¾l°O¾ÐÅéÁÙ¬O«Ü¤Ö¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>²³æªºµª®×¬O¡A©Ò¦³¥¼¨Ï¥Î¨ìªº¶¢¸m°O¾ÐÅé³£¬O³Q®ö¶Oªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A
            ¥ô¦ó¥¼³Q§Aªºµ{¦¡©Ò§Q¥Î¨ìªº°O¾ÐÅé±N³Q®Ö¤ß(kernel)¥Î¨Ó·í
            §@ºÏºÐ§Ö¨ú(disk cache)¡C¦Ó³oºØ°O¾ÐÅé³Q &man.top.1; ¼Ð°O¬°
            <literal>¶¢¸mªº(Inact)</literal>¡A<literal>§Ö¨ú(Cache)</literal>¡A
            ¥H¤Î <literal>½w½Ä°Ï(Buf)</literal>¡A¨Ã­t³d¦b¦U­Ó¤£¦Pªº¦ì¸m­t³d
            ¼È¦s¸ê®Æ¡C³Q¼È¦s(cached)ªº¸ê®Æ¥Nªí¨t²Î¤£»Ý­n¥h¦s¨ú¸ûºCªººÏºÐ¸Ë¸m
            ´N¥i¥H±o¨ì¸ê®Æ¡A¦p¦¹¡A¥i¥H´£¤É¨t²Îªº®Ä¯à¡CÁ`¦Ó¨¥¤§¡A&man.top.1;
            Åã¥Ü¥X¸û¤Öªº <literal>¶¢¸m(Free)</literal> °O¾ÐÅé¬O¦nªº¡A¥u­nÅã¥Ü
            ¥X¨Óªº­È¤£¬O <literal>«D±`</literal> ªº§C¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="aout-elf">
          <para>¬°¬Æ»ò­n¥Î(¬Æ»ò¬O) a.out ©M ELF °õ¦æÀɮ榡¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>­n¤F¸Ñ¬°¤°»òFreebsd¨Ï¥Î <filename>ELF</filename> ®æ¦¡¡A§A¦³¥²
	    ­n¥ý»{ÃѤ@¤U¤TºØ¦b¥Ø«e Unix ¨t²Î¤¤³Ì³Q¼sªxÀ³¥Î¨ìªº°õ¦æÀɮ榡¡G
	    </para>

            <note>
              <para>¦b FreeBSD 3.x ¤§«e¡AFreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î a.out ®æ¦¡¡C</para>
            </note>

            <itemizedlist>
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                <para>&man.a.out.5;</para>

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        <answer>
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	    ©Ò¦³³]©w¤£¥¿½T¡A©Î¬O¼ç¦bªº©U§£¶l¥ó¡C§Aªº¶l¥ó³Q°h¦^¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°¤U¦C
	    ­ì¦]©Ò¤Þ°_¡G</para>

	  <itemizedlist>
	    <listitem>
              <para>³o«Ê¹q¤l¶l¥ó¨Ó¦Û¤wª¾ªº©U§£¶l¥ó°Ï°ì©Î¬OIP¤¤¡C</para>

              <para>FreeBSD¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹±N©Úµ´±µ¦¬¤wª¾ªº©U§£¶l¥ó¨Ó·½ªº¹q¤l¶l¥ó¡C
	        ¦pªG´£¨Ñ§Aºô¸ôªA°Èªº¤½¥q©Î¬Oºô°ì¤¤¦³²£¥Í¹L©U§£¶l¥ó©Î¬O¦³©U§£
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            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>¹q¤l¶l¥óªº¥»¤å¶È¦³HTML¡C</para>

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	        ¦r®æ¦¡¡C</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>FreeBSDªº¶l¥ó³B²zµ{¦¡µLªk¥ÑIP¤Ï¬d°e¥ó¥D¾÷ªºIP¡C</para>

              <para>³]¸m DNS ¤Ï¬d¬O±µ¨ü¤@¥x¥D¾÷¶l¥óªº¤@­Ó¼Ð·Ç­n¨D¡A½Ð¬°±zªº¶l¥ó
	        ¥D¾÷³]¸m DNS ¤Ï¬d¡C³\¦h´£¨Ñ®a®xºô¸ôªA°È (DSL¡Acable¡Adialup µ¥)
		ªº¤½¥q¨Ã¤£´£¨Ñ³o¼ËªºªA°È¡C¦b³oºØ±¡ªp¤U¡A½Ð³z¹Lºô¸ôªA°È´£¨ÑªÌªº
		¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹°e¥X±zªº¹q¤l¶l¥ó¡C</para>
            </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para>¦b SMTP ¨Ï¥Î EHLO/HELO ©R¥O®É©Òµ¹¤©ªº hostname µLªk³Q¸ÑªR¨ì
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		ªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡A½Ð³z¹Lºô¸ôªA°È´£¨ÑªÌªº¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹°e¥X±zªº¹q¤l¶l
		¥ó¡C</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para>§Aªº°T®§¤¤§¨±aµÛ¤@­Ó message ID ¥H <quote>localhost</quote>
	        ¦r¦êµ²§ô¡C</para>

	      <para>¬Y¨Ç¶l¥ó³nÅé²£¥Í¬Y¨Ç¤£¥¿½Tªº message ID¡A³o±N¤£³Q±µ¨ü¡C
	        §A¥²»Ý§ó§ï³]©wÅý§Aªº¶l¥ó³nÅé²£¥Í¥¿½Tªº message ID¡A¦pªG³oµL
		ªk¸Ñ¨M¡A¦Ò¼{»¡ªA§Aªº¶l¥ó³nÅé§@ªÌ§ó·sµ{¦¡¥H³B²z³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C</para>
	    </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="free-account">
          <para>§Ú¥i¥H¦b­þ¸Ì§ä¨ì¤@­Ó§K¶OªºFreeBSD±b¸¹¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>FreeBSDªº¦øªA¾¹¥»¨­¤£´£¨Ñ¥ô¦ó¹ï¥~ªºªA°È¡A¨ä¥Lªº³æ¦ì¤¤¡A
            ¦³¤H´£¨Ñ¶}©ñªº Unix ¨t²ÎªA°È¡C¨ä¤¤¦³¨Ç¥i¯à­n¦¬¨ú¨Ç³\¶O¥Î¡C</para>

          <para><ulink url="http://www.arbornet.org/">Arbornet, Inc</ulink>¡A
	    ¤]³QºÙ¬° M-Net¡A¦Û 1983 ¦~°_´N¶}©l´£¨Ñ Unix ¨t²ÎªA°È¡C¤@¶}©l¡A
	    ¥L­Ì¨Ï¥Î Altos ¨Ã°õ¦æ System III¡C¥L­Ì¦b 1991 ¦~Âà´«¨t²Î¦¨¬°
	    BSD/OS¡C¦b 2000 ¦~¤»¤ë¡A¥L­Ì¦A«×§ó´«¦¨¬° FreeBSD¡CM-Net ¯àÅý¨Ï
            ¥ÎªÌ³z¹L SSH ¤Î telnet ³s½u¨ì¥D¾÷¡A¨Ã´£¨Ñ§¹¾ãªº FreeBSD ³nÅé¥H
	    ¨Ñ¨Ï¥Î¡CµM¦Ó¡AM-Net §@¬°¤@­Ó«D¬Õ§Q²Õ´¹B¦æ¡A¦s¨úÅv¥u­­©ó¦¨­û©M
	    ÃÙ§UªÌ¡AM-Net ¤]´£¨Ñ BBS ¨t²Î©Mºô¸ô²á¤ÑªA°È¡C</para>

          <para><ulink url="http://www.grex.org/">Grex</ulink> ´£¨Ñ¤F«D±`
            Ãþ¦ü M-Net ªºªA°È¡A¥]¬A¤F BBS ¨t²Î©Mºô¸ô²á¤Ñ¡CµM¦Ó¡A¾÷¾¹¬O¨Ï¥Î
            Sun 4M¡A¨Ã°õ¦æ SunOS¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="sup-define">
          <para>¤°»ò¬O <command>sup</command>¡A§Ú¸Ó¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para><ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^sup">
            SUP</ulink> ªº·N«ä¬O Software Update Protocol¡A¥Ñ CMU µo®i¡A
            ¥Î¨Óºû«ù¾ã­Óµo®iªº¦P¨B¡C§Ú­Ì§Q¥Î¥¦«O«ù»·ºÝªº¯¸¥x©M­ì©l¯¸¥x¤§¶¡
            ªº¦P¨B¤u§@¡C</para>

          <para>µM¦Ó¡ASUP ¦bÀW¼eªº¨Ï¥Î¤W¨Ã¤£¤Ó¤Íµ½¡A¦P®É¡A¥Ø«e¤]¤£¦A¨Ï¥Î¤F¡C
            ¥Ø«e«Øijºû«ù­ì©l½X¦P¨B§ó·sªº¤èªk¬O
	    <ulink url="../handbook/synching.html#CVSUP">CVSup</ulink>¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="daemon-name">
          <para>³o­Ó¥i·Rªº¤p¬õ¤H¥s§@¤°»ò¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦ü¥G¡A¥L¨Ã¨S¦³¤@­Ó¥¿¦¡ªº¦W¦r¡A©h¥B´NºÙ¨ä¬°
	    <quote>BSD ¤p´cÅ]</quote> §a¡C¦pªG§A°õ·N­n¨Ï¥Î¤@­Ó¦W¦r¡C¨º´N¥s¥L
	    <quote>¤p°Êª«(beastie)</quote> §a¡Cµù¡G<quote>beastie</quote>
	    ¦bŪ­µ¤W¸ò <quote>BSD</quote> «Ü±µªñ¡C</para>

          <para>§A¥i¥H¦bBSD¤p´cÅ]ªº <ulink
	    url="http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/index.html">¥D­¶</ulink>
	    ¤W¨ú±o§ó¦hªº¸ê°T¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="use-beastie">
          <para>§Ú¯à¨Ï¥Î BSD ¤p´cÅ]¹Ï®×¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¤]³\§a¡A§Ú¤]¤£½T©w¡CBSD¤p´cÅ]¹Ï®×ªºª©Åv¬OÄÝ©ó°¨·²º¸Ä¬®æÄõ±Ð·|ªº
	    Marshall Kirk McKusick ©Ò¾Ö¦³¡C§A¥i¥H¸ÕµÛ¥h¬d¬Ýºô­¶<ulink
            url="http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/mainpage/copyright.html">Ãö©óBSD¤p´cÅ]¨v¹³</ulink>
	    ¥H¨ú±o§ó¸Ô²Óªº¨Ï¥Î²Ó¸`¡C</para>

          <para>Á`¦Ó¨¥¤§¡A¦pªG§A¯Âºé¬°¤F¦Û¤v·Q­nŲ½à¡A¨º»ò¡A§A¥i¥H¦Û¥Ñªº¨Ï¥Î¨v¹³¡C¦pªG§A¬O­Ó¤H¨Ï¥Î¡A¥u­n±¡ªp¾A·í¡AÀ³¸Ó³£·|³Q³\¥i¡C
	    ¦pªG§A·Q¦b°Ó·~¤W¨Ï¥Î¡A«h§A¥²»ÝÁpôĬ®æÄõ±Ð·|ªº Kirk McKusick ¥H¨ú±o³\¥i¡C
	    ¦pªG§A»Ý­n§ó¶i¤@¨B¸Ô²Óªº¸ê°T¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ulink
	    url="http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/index.html">BSD¤p´cÅ]ªº­º­¶</ulink>¡C
	    </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="daemon-images">
          <para>§A¦³¥ô¦óªº BSD ¤p´cÅ]¹Ï®×¥i¥HÅý§Ú¨Ï¥Î¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>§A¥i¥H¦b <filename>/usr/share/examples/BSD_daemon/</filename> §ä¨ì Xfig ¤Î eps ¨âºØ®æ¦¡ªº¹ÏÀÉ¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="glossary">
	  <para>§Ú¦b¤å¥ó¡B¶l»¼½×¾Â¤W¡A±`·|¬Ý¨ì¤@¨ÇÁY¼g¦r¡B§Þ³N¦r·J¡A³o¨Ç¥i¥H¥h­þÃä¬d©O¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ulink
	     url="&url.books.handbook;/freebsd-glossary.html">
	     &os; ¦r·Jªí</ulink>¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="bikeshed-painting">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¸Ó¦b·N¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×ªºÃC¦â¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³Ìµu³Ìµuªºµª®×¬O¡G¡y¤£¥Î¦b·N¡z¡Cµy·Lªø¤@ÂIªºµª®×¬O¡G¡yÁöµM§A¦³¯à¤O¦Û¤v¥h«Ø³y¤@®y¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×¡A¦ý¬O¡A
            ³o¤£¥Nªí¦]¬°§A¤£³ßÅw²{¦b³o­Ó¨®´×ªºÃC¦â¡A´N­n¤¤¤î¥Lªº«Ø¿v¡C¡z³o­Ó¤ñ³ëªº·N«ä¬O¡A
            §A¤£»Ý­n¥hª§½×¨C¤@­Ó²Ó¶µ¯S¼x¡A¥u¦]¬°§A¦³¿ìªk¥h§@¥¦¡C
            ¬Y¨Ç¤Hªºµû½×¬O¡G¡yÂø­µªºµ{«×¡A»PÅܤƪº½ÆÂø©Ê¬O¦¨¤Ï¤ñ¡z¡C</para>

          <para>§óªø¥B¸û§¹¾ãªºµª®×¬O¡A¦b¸g¹Lªø®É¶¡ª§½×Ãö©ó¬O§_¸Ó±N &man.sleep.1;
            ªº¬í°Ñ¼Æ²¾°£¡A&a.phk;µoªí¤F¤@½gªø½× <quote><ulink
            url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/getmsg.cgi?fetch=506636+517178+/usr/local/www/db/text/1999/freebsd-hackers/19991003.freebsd-hackers">
            ¦b«C»A¯ó¦a¤Wªº¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×(¥ô¦óÃC¦âªº)...</ulink></quote>¡C¥H¤U¡A¶ÈºK­n¸Ó«h¤å³¹³¡¤À¤º®e¡G</para>

          <blockquote>
            <attribution>&a.phk; on freebsd-hackers, October
              2, 1999</attribution>

            <para><quote>¤°»ò¬OÃö©ó³o­Ó¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×?</quote> ³¡¤Àªº¤H³o¼Ëªº¸ß°Ý§Ú¡C</para>

            <para>³o¬O¤@­Ó«D±`ªø»·ªº¬G¨Æ¡A§_«h´N¬O¤@­Ó¥j¦Ñªº¬G¨Æ¡C¦ý¬O¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A
              ³o­Ó¬G¨Æ«D±`ªºµu¡CC¡P¿Õ´µ¬ì¯S¡P©¬ª÷´Ë(C. Northcote Parkinson) ¦b 1960
              ¦~¥Nªì´Á¼g¤F¤@¥»®Ñ¡A®Ñ¦W¬° <quote>Parkinson's Law(¤¤¤å®Ñ¦W¡G¤É©x¦³¹D¡Ð¼ÉÅS¤W¥q¤ßºA¤§©¬ª÷´Ë©w«ß)</quote>
              ¡A³o¥»®Ñ¥]§t¤F«Ü¦h¨ã¦³¨ô¨£ªº°ÊºAºÞ²z¾Ç¡C</para>

            <para>[¤Þ­z¤@ÂI¦b³o¥»®Ñ¤Wªºµû½×]</para>

            <para>¦b³o­Ó³Q±²¤J¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×®×ªº¯S®í¨Ò¤l¡A¥D­nªº­n¯À¬O®Ö¯àµo¹q³õ¡A§Ú·Q¡A³o¨¬¥H»¡©ú³o¥»®Ñªº¦~ÄÖ¡C</para>

            <para>©¬ª÷´Ë®i¥Ü¤F¸Ó¦p¦ó¦b¸³¨Æ·|¤¤Ä¹±oÃÙ¦P¥h«Ø³y¤@®y¼Æ¦Ê¸U©Î¬Æ¦Ü¤Q»õ¬ü¤¸ªº®Ö¯àµo¹q³õ¡A
	      ¦ý¬O¡A¦pªG§A·Q­n¥h«Ø³y¤@®y¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×¡A§A±N·|³QªÈÄñ¦bµL½aµLºÉªº°Q½×¤§¤¤¡C</para>

            <para>¥L(©¬ª÷´Ë)¨Ã¸ÑÄÀ¡A³o¬O¦]¬°¤@­Ó®Ö¯àµo¹q³õ¬O³o¼Ëªº¼sÁï¡A³o¼Ëªº©ù¶Q¡A¨Ã¥B³o¼Ëªº½ÆÂø¡A
	      ¥H¦Ü©ó¤H­ÌµLªk´x´¤¥¦¡A¦Ó¨Ã«D¹Á¸Õ¡A¥L­Ì«æ¤Áªº§Æ±æ¦³¤H¯à°÷À°¥L­Ì³B²z¨Ã¸Ñ¨M©Ò¦³º¾¸Hªº²Ó¶µ¡C
	      Richard P. Feynmann µ¹¤F¤@¨Ç¦³½ì¡A¥B«D±`¤@°w¨£¦åªº½×ÂI¡A¦b¥Lªº®Ñ´£¨ì¤F Los Alamos ªº¨Ò¤l¡C</para>

            <para>¥t¤@¤è­±¡A¥ô¦ó¤H³£¯à¦Û¤v¦b¶g¥½²Õ¸Ë¤@®y¸}½ñ¨®¨®´×¥X¨Ó¡A¨Ã¥B¤´¦³¶¢²á¥i¥HÆ[½à¹qµø¤Îª±¹CÀ¸¡C
	      ¦]¦¹¡AµL½×§A§@¤F¦h»ò§¹µ½ªº·Ç³Æ¡A¤]¤£ºÞ§A´£¥Xªº¤è®×¬O¦h»òªº§´·í¡A¬Y¨Ç¤H¤´±N§ì¦í¾÷·|¶]¥X¨Ó§i¶D§A¡A
	      ¥L¥¿¦b§@¦P¼Ëªº¨Æ¡A¥¿¦b¥I¥X§V¤O¡A¥L´N¦b <emphasis>³o¸Ì</emphasis>¡C</para>

            <para>¦b¤¦³Á¡A§Ú­ÌºÙ³o­Ó¥s§@¡yªê¦º¯d¥Ö¡z(setting your fingerprint)¡C³oÃö«Y¨ì§A­Ó¤HªºÅº¶Æ©MÁn±æ¡A
	      ³oÃö«Y¨ì§A¬O§_¥i¥H«üµÛ¬Y¦a«á¹ïµÛ§O¤H»¡¡G¡y³o¸Ì! ³o¬O <emphasis>§Ú</emphasis> §@ªº¡C¡z
	      ³o¬O¬Fªv¤Hª««Ü­«­nªº¤@­Ó¯S¼x¡C¦ý¬O¡A®É¾÷¬O¤j¦h¼Æ¤H¥Á©Ò½á»Pªº¡C·Q·Q¨º¨Ç¯d¦b¤ôªd¦a¤Wªº¸}¦L§a¡C</para>
          </blockquote>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="funnies">
    <chapterinfo>
      <author>
	<firstname>Edward</firstname>
	<surname>Chuang</surname>
	<affiliation>
	  <address><email>edwardc@firebird.org.tw</email></address>
	</affiliation>
      </author>
    </chapterinfo>

    <title>FreeBSD §N¯º¸Ü¶°</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="very-very-cool">
          <para>How cool is FreeBSD¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>°Ý¡G¦³¤H°µ¹L FreeBSD °õ¦æ®Éªº·Å«×´ú¸Õ¶Ü¡H §Úª¾¹D Linux
	    ¤ñ DOS ²D¡A¦ý¨SÅ¥¤H´£¹L FreeBSD¡A¦ü¥G«Ü¼ö¡C</para>

          <para>µª¡G¨S¦³¡A¦ý¬O¦b¨ýı¤W¦³°µ¹LµL¼Æ¦¸´ú¸Õ¡C§Ú­Ìé¤W¦ÛÄ@¨ü¸ÕªÌªº
	    ²´·ú¡A¨Æ¥ý¦Aµ¹¥L­ÌªA¥Î 250 ²@§Jªº LSD-25 °g¤ÛÃÄ¡C35% ªº¨ü¸ÕªÌ»¡
	    FreeBSD ¹Á°_¨Ó¹³¾ï¤l¡A¦Ó Linux «h¬Oµµ¦âªººd¾ðªG¹ê¡C¾Ú§Ú©Òª¾¡A¨S
	    ¦³¤@²Õ´£¨ì·Å«×¤W¯S§Oªº®t²§¡C«á¨Óµo²{¡A¦³¤Ó¦h¨ü¸ÕªÌ¦b´ú¸Õ®É¹Ú¹C¨«
	    ¥X©Ð¶¡¼vÅT¨ì¼Æ¾Ú¡A³Ì«á¥u±o©ñ±ó¾ã­Ó½Õ¬d¡C§Ú·Q¤j³¡¥÷ªº¨ü¸ÕªÌ²{¦b¦b
	    Apple ¤u§@¡AÄ~ Drag and Drop ¤§«á¡A¬ã¨s¥þ·sªº <quote>Scratch and
	    Sniff</quote> ¹Ï§Î¬É­±¡CIt's a funny old business we're in¡I</para>

          <para>¤£¶}ª±¯º¤F¡AFreeBSD ©M Linux ³£¨Ï¥Î <acronym>HLT</acronym>
	    (halt) «ü¥O¡A¥i¦b¨t²Î¶¢¸m®É­°§C¹q¤Oªº¨Ï¥Î¤]´î¤Ö¤F¼öªº²£¥Í¡C¦pªG¦³³]©w APM(Automatic Power Management)
	    ¡AFreeBSD ¤]¥i¥HÅý CPU ¶i¤J¬Ù¹q¼Ò¦¡¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="letmeoutofhere">
          <para>½Ö¦b§Úªº°O¾ÐÅé´¡¼Ñ¤¤¨F¨F§@ÅT¡H¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>°Ý¡GFreeBSD ½sĶ®Ö¤ß®É¦³°µ¬Æ»ò <quote>©_¯S</quote> ªº¨Æ
	    Åý°O¾ÐÅé¨F¨F§@ÅT¶Ü¡H·í½sĶ®É(ÁÙ¦³¶}¾÷®É½T»{³nºÐ«áªºµu¼È®É¶¡)¡A
	    ¤]ºØ¦ü¥G¨Ó¦Û°O¾ÐÅé´¡¼Ñªº©_©ÇÁn­µ¡C</para>

          <para>µª¡G¬Oªº¡I¦b BSD ªº¤å¥ó¤¤§A·|±`±`¬Ý¨ì <quote>­I«áÆF</quote>¡A
	    ¤j³¡¥÷ªº¤H³£¤£ª¾¹D¨º¬O¤@ºØ¹ê»Ú¦s¦bªººë¯«Åé --- ´x±±µÛ§Aªº¹q¸£¡C
	    §AÅ¥¨ìªºÁn­µ¬O³o¨Ç­I«áÆF¥H°ª­µ¤f­ï¦b·¾³q«ç¼Ë°µ³\¦hªº¨t²ÎºÞ²z¤u
	    §@¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG³o¨ÇÁn­µ«Ü§xÂZ§A¡A¨Ó¦Û DOS ªº
	    <command>fdisk /mbr</command> ´N¯àÂ\²æ¡A¦ý¦pªG¦³¬Û¤Ïªº®ÄªG
	    ¤]¤£­nÅå³Y¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦pªG¦b»ö¦¡¤¤Å¥¨ì Bill Gates ®£©ÆªºÁn­µ±q¤º
	    «Øªº³â¥z¶Ç¨Ó¡A°¨¤W°k¦Ó¥B¤£­n¦^ÀY¡I ±q BSD ­I«áÆF¤£¥­¿Åªº¼vÅT¤¤
	    ¸Ñ©ñ¡ADOS ©M Windows ­I«áÆF³q±`³£¯à­«·s±±¨î¾ã¥x¾÷¾¹¨Ã¹ï§AªºÆF
	    »î¶A©G¡C¦pªG¦³¿ï¾Ü¡A§Ú·Q§Ú¹çÄ@²ßºD©_©ÇªºÁn­µ¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="changing-lightbulbs">
          <para>­n´X­Ó FreeBSD hacker ¤~¯à´«±¼¤@­Ó¹q¿Oªw¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¤@¤d¤@¦Ê¤C¤Q¤G­Ó¡G</para>

          <para>¤G¤Q¤T­Ó¦b -current ¤W©ê«è¬Ý¤£¨ì¥ú¤F¡F</para>

          <para>¥|­Ó«ÅºÙ³o¬O³]©w¤Wªº°ÝÃD¡A©Ò¥H¹³³o¼Ëªº email À³¸Ó©ñ¦b
	    -questions¡F</para>

          <para>¤T­Ó submit PR¡A¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó°e¿ù¨ì doc ¤U¡A¨Ã¥B¤º®e¥u
	    ¦³¡¨³o¸Ì¦n·t¡¨¡F</para>

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          <para>¤K­Óº´°_ flame war¡A³d©Ç°e¥X PR ªº¤H¨S¦³¥]¬A patch¡F</para>

          <para>¤­­Ó®I«è buildworld Äê±¼¤F¡F</para>

          <para>¤T¤Q¤@­Ó»¡ buildworld ¥i¥H¥Î¡A¤£¯à¥Îªº¤H¤@©w¬O cvsup ªº
	    ®É¾÷¤£¹ï¡F</para>

          <para>¤@­Ó§â´«¦¨·s¿Oªwªº patch ¥á¨ì -hackers ¤W¡F</para>

          <para>¤@­Ó»¡¥L¤T¦~«e´N°µ¥X¤F patch¡A¦ý°e¨ì -current «á«o³Q©¿²¤±¼¡A
	    ©Ò¥H¥L¹ï¾ã­Ó PR ¨t²Î¦³«Ü¤£¦nªº¦L¶H¡C¦¹¥~¡A¥L¤]»{¬°®³¥Xªº·s¿OªwµL
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          <para>¤T¤Q¤C­Ó©H­ý»¡¹q¿Oªw¤£ÄÝ©ó°ò¥»¨t²Îªº¤@³¡¥÷¡A©Ò¥H committer
	    ¤£¯à¤£¥ý¿Ô¸ß¾ã­Ó Community ªº·N¨£´N³o¼Ë°µ¤U¥h¡CÁÙ¦³¡A-core
	    ¨ì©³©M³o¥ó¨Æ¦³¤°»òÃö«Y¡H¡I</para>

          <para>¨â¦Ê¤H©ê«è´«¿Oªw¤§«á¡A¸}½ñ¨®´×ªºÃC¦âÅܱo¦n©_©Ç¡F</para>

          <para>¤T­Ó«ü¥X¡A¥Î¨Ó´«¿Oªwªº patch ¤£²Å¦X &man.style.9; ªº³W©w¡F</para>

          <para>¤Q¤C­Ó®I«è®³¥X¨Óªº·s¿Oªw¬°¤°»ò¬O¥Î GPL¡F</para>

          <para>¤­¦Ê¤K¤Q¤»¤H³´¤J¤@³õ flame war¡A¦b GPL¡BBSD¡BMIT¡BNPL
	    ¦U­Ó license ©M FSF ¬Y¦ì¤£¨ã¦W³Ð¿ì¤H¤h­Ó¤H½Ã¥Í¤§¶¡¡A¤ñ¸û©¼¦¹
	    ªºÀu¶Õ¡F</para>

          <para>¤C­Ó±N³o¤@¦ê°Q½×ªº¤£¦P³¡¥÷¤À§O²¾¨ì -chat ©M -advocacy¡F</para>

          <para>´Nºâ´£¥Xªº·s¿Oªw¤ñªº·t¡AÁÙ¬O¦³¤@­Ó§â¥¦ commit ¶i¨Ó¡F</para>

          <para>¨â­Ó´«¦^­ì¥ýªº¿Oªw¡A¨Ã¥B¯d¤U·¥¬°¼««ãªº commit °T®§¡C¥L­Ì»{¬°
	    »P¨äÅý FreeBSD ¥Î·t¿Oªw¡AÁÙ¤£¦p°®¯Ü«Ý¦b¶Â·t¤¤ºâ¤F¡F</para>

          <para>¥|¤Q¤»¤H¹ï¨ú®ø¤£¥Î·t¿Oªw³o¥ó¨Æ¤jÁn¯e©I¡A­n¨D -core
	    ¥ß¨è´£¥X¼á²M¡F</para>

          <para>¤Q¤@­Ó­n¨D´«¦¨¤p¤@ÂIªº¹q¿Oªw¡A¥H«K¥¼¨Ó FreeBSD ¦pªG²¾´Ó¨ì
	    ¹q¤lÂû¤W«á·|§ó¬°¤è«K¡F</para>

          <para>¤C¤Q¤T¤H©ê«è -hackers ©M -chat ¤Wªº SNR¡AÂÇ unsubscribe
	    ¨Óªí¥Ü§Üij¡F</para>

          <para>¤Q¤T­Ó°e¥X¡¨unsubscribe¡¨¡B¡¨§Ú­n¦p¦ó unsubscribe¡¨©Î¡¨«ô°U§â
	    §Ú±q list ¦W³æ¤¤§R±¼¡¨¡A«Hªº³Ì«á­±«h¬O¤@¯ë¥Ñ majordomo ¥[¤W¥h
	    ªº footer¡F</para>

          <para>·í¨C­Ó¤H¦£©ó©¼¦¹¥s½|®É¡A¦³­Ó³Ã¥ë¶X¨S¤Hª`·N¡A§â¥i¥H¥Îªº¿Oªw°½
	    °½´«¤W¥h¡F</para>

          <para>¤T¤Q¤@­Ó«ü¥X¦pªG¥Î TenDRA ½sĶ·sªº¿Oªw¡A·|¤ñªº¨Ó±o«G
	    0.364%¡]ÁöµM¿Oªw·|³Q½sĶ¦¨¥¿¤»­±Åé¡^¡A©Ò¥H FreeBSD ¤º©wªº½sĶ¾¹
	    À³¸Ó¬O TenDRA¡A¦Ó¤£¬O EGCS¡F</para>

          <para>¦³­Ó¤H»¡·s¿Oªw¯Ê¥F¬ü·P¡F</para>

          <para>¤E­Ó¤H¡]¥]¬A­ì¥ý°e PR ªº¤H¡^°Ý¡¨¤°»ò¬O MFC¡H¡¨¡F</para>

          <para>¤­¤Q¤C­Ó©ê«è¦Û±q´«¤F¿Oªw«á¡A¨â­Ó¬P´Á³£¨S¦³¥ú¥X²{¡C</para>

          <para><emphasis>&a.nik; ¸Éª`¡G</emphasis></para>

          <para><emphasis>­è¬Ý¨ì®É¡A§Ú§Ö¯ºÂ½¤F¡C</emphasis></para>

          <para><emphasis>µM«á·Q¨ì¡A¡¨µ¥¤@¤U¡A¤£¬OÀ³¸ÓÁÙ¦³¤@­Ó­n±N³o¨Ç°O¦b
	    list ¤W¶Ü¡H¡¨</emphasis></para>

          <para><emphasis>±µµÛ²×©ó¤F¸Ñ§Úªº¨Ï©R :-)</emphasis></para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="dev-null">
          <para>¼g¤J <filename>/dev/null</filename> ªº¸ê®Æ¶]¨ì­þ¸Ì¥h¤F¡H</para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>¦b CPU ¤¤¦³¤@ºØ¯S§Oªº¸ê®Æ´²¼ö¾¹¡A§Q¥Î±Æ¥X´²¼ö¤ù/­·®°²Õ¦X®É¡A
	    Âà´«¦¨¼ö¯à¡D³o´N¬O¬°¤°»ò CPU §N«o¤éÁÍ­«­nªº­ì¦]¡F·í¤H­Ì¨Ï¥Î§ó§Ö
	    ªº³B²z¾¹®É¡A¥L­ÌÅܦ¨¤£¦b¥G¦³¶V¨Ó¶V¦h¥L­Ìªº¸ê®Æ³£°e¶i¤F
	    <filename>/dev/null</filename> ¡A¦Ó¨Ïªº¥L­Ìªº CPU ¹L¼ö¡D
	    ¦pªG§A§R°£¤F <filename>/dev/null</filename> (¨º±N·|¦³®ÄªºÃö³¬
	    CPU ªº¸ê®Æ´²¼ö¾¹) §Aªº CPU ¤]³\·|­°§C¤u§@·Å«×¡A¦ý¬O§Aªº¨t²Î±N
	    ·|«Ü§Öªº¹³¬O¿©±w¤F«K¯µ¦ñÀHµÛ©Ò¦³¶W¥Xªº¸ê®Æ¶}©lÅܦ¨¦æ¬°¤£¥¿±`¡C
	    ¦pªG§A¦³§Ö³tªººô¸ô³s½u¡A§A¥i¥H§Q¥ÎŪ¨ú
	    <filename>/dev/random</filename> ¨Ã±N¥LÀH·N¶Ç°e¦Ü¦U³B¡A
	    ¨Ó­°§C§A CPU ªº·Å«×¡FµM¦Ó§A±N³´¤J¨Ï§Aºô¸ô³s½u©Î
	    <filename>/</filename> ¦³¹L¼öªº­·ÀI©Î¬O·S´o§Aªº ISP¡A
	    ¤j³¡¤Àªº¸ê®Æ³Ì²×±N·|¦b¥L­Ìªº³]³Æ¤WÂà´«¦¨¼ö¡A¤£¹L¥L­Ì³q±`³£¾Ö¦³
	    ¦nªº´²¼ö¡A©Ò¥H¦pªG§A°µªº¤£¤Ó¹L¤À¡AÀ³¸Ó¬O¨S¤°»ò¤j¤£¤Fªº¡C</para>

	  <para><emphasis>Paul Robinson ¸É¥R¡G</emphasis></para>

	  <para>¤¤¤åª© FAQ ª`¡G¥H¤Uµu¤åÄÝ©ó¬ü¦¡«ÕÀq¡A®£Â½Ä¶«á³y¦¨»y²j¤£¸Ô¡A
	    »y·N¤£³qªº±¡§Î¡A¬G«O¯d­ì¥Ä­ì¨ýÅýŪªÌ¦Û¦æ«~À|¡C</para>

	  <para>There are other methods. As every good sysadmin knows,
            it is part of standard practise to send data to the screen
            of interesting variety to keep all the pixies that make up
            your picture happy. Screen pixies (commonly mis-typed or
            re-named as 'pixels') are categorised by the type of hat
            they wear (red, green or blue) and will hide or appear
            (thereby showing the colour of their hat) whenever they
            receive a little piece of food. Video cards turn data into
            pixie-food, and then send them to the pixies - the more
            expensive the card, the better the food, so the better
            behaved the pixies are. They also need constant simulation
            - this is why screen savers exist.</para>

          <para>To take your suggestions further, you could just throw
            the random data to console, thereby letting the pixies
            consume it. This causes no heat to be produced at all,
            keeps the pixies happy and gets rid of your data quite
            quickly, even if it does make things look a bit messy on
            your screen.</para>

          <para>Incidentally, as an ex-admin of a large ISP who
            experienced many problems attempting to maintain a stable
            temperature in a server room, I would strongly discourage
            people sending the data they do not want out to the
            network. The fairies who do the packet switching and
            routing get annoyed by it as well.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>


      <qandaentry>
        <question id="pttlz">
          <para>1993 ¦~´N¦³¡ymake world¡z¤F¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
	  <para>°Ý¡G®Ú¾Ú jkh ªº <ulink
	      url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/Makefile.diff?r1=1.5;r2=1.6;f=h">
	    ³o¥÷ commit</ulink>¡AÀ³¸Ó¬O Aug 13 22:47:28 1994 UTC
	    ¤§«á¤~·|¦³ make world¡A«ç»ò·|¦³¦b¨º¤§«e·|¦³©O¡H</para>

	  <para>µª¡G®Ú¾Ú pttlz.bbs@ptt.cc (¤uÃÆ) ©ó Apr  7 17:09:47 2008 CST ¦ÛºÙ¡G
	    ¡ymake world ¬O§Ú¥j¦­ (15 ¦~«e) ®Éª± freebsd ®É¥Îªº¡z¡A©Ò¥H 1993 ¦~´N¦³
	    pttlz ªº¡ymake world¡z¦s¦b¤F¡A½Ðª`·N¤H®a¥i¬O¦ÛºÙ¡y15 ¦~«e¡zªºªø½ú¡A
	    ½Ð¤Å¹ïªø½úÅv«Â¬D¾Ô¡AÁÂÁ¡I</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="advanced">
    <chapterinfo>
      <author>
	<firstname>En-Ran</firstname>
	<surname>Zhou</surname>
	<affiliation>
	  <address><email>zhouer@tfcis.org</email></address>
	</affiliation>
      </author>
    </chapterinfo>

    <title>¶i¶¥¥DÃD</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="learn-advanced">
          <para>¦p¦ó¯à¾Ç²ß§ó¦h¦³Ãö FreeBSD ¤º³¡ªºªF¦è¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥Ø«e¥«­±¤WÁÙ¨S¦³±´°Q§@·~¨t²Î¤º³¡ªº®Ñ¬O±M¬° FreeBSD ¦Ó¼g
	    ªº¡CµM¦Ó¡A³\¦h¤@¯ëªº UNIX ª¾Ãѳ£¥i¥Hª½±µÀ³¥Î¦b FreeBSD ¤W¡Cªþ
	    ¥[¤@ÂI¡A¤´µM¦³¬ÛÃöªº®Ñ¬O±M¬° BSD ©Ò¼gªº¡C</para>

          <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Handbook ªº<ulink
	    url="../handbook/bibliography-osinternals.html">§@·~¨t²Î¤º³¡¤§°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø</ulink>
	    ¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question id="how-to-contribute">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¯à¬° FreeBSD ¥X¤@¥÷¤O¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò³o½g¤å³¹ <ulink
	    url="../../articles/contributing/article.html">Contributing
	    to FreeBSD</ulink> ¨Ó´£¨Ñ±zªº«Øij¡C¦pªG±z¯àÀ°¦£¨º´N§óÅwªï¤F¡I</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="define-snap-release">
          <para>SNAP ©M RELEASE ¬O¤°»ò¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥Ø«e¦³¤T­Ó¬¡ÅD/¥b¬¡ÅDªº¤À¤ä¦b FreeBSD ªº <ulink
	    url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi">CVS Repository</ulink>
	    (¥j¦­¤À¤ä¤w¸g´X¥G¨S¦b§ó·s¤F¡A¦]¬°³q±`¥u¦³¤T­Ó¬¡ÅDªºµo®i¤À¤ä)¡G
	    </para>

            <itemizedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para><literal>RELENG_5</literal> §Y
                  <emphasis>5-STABLE</emphasis></para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para><literal>RELENG_6</literal> §Y
                  <emphasis>6-STABLE</emphasis></para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para><literal>HEAD</literal> §Y
                  <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> ¤]´N¬O¥Ø«eªº
                  <emphasis>7.X-CURRENT</emphasis></para>
              </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>

          <para>»P¤W­±¨ä¥L¨â­Ó¤À¤ä¬Û¤ñ¡A¨ä¹ê <literal>HEAD</literal> ¨Ã¤£¬O¯u¥¿
	    ªº branch tag¡A¥¦¥u¬O­Ó symbolic constant¡A¥Nªí <quote><emphasis>current
	    (©|¥¼¤À¤äªºµo®i¤¤ª©¥»)</emphasis></quote>¡A³q±`§Ú­Ì·|²¼g¬° <quote>-CURRENT</quote>¡C</para>

          <para>´N²{¦b¦Ó¨¥¡A<quote>-CURRENT</quote> ´N¬O«ü 7.X ªºµo®i¡F
            ¦Ó <literal>5-STABLE</literal> ¤À¤ä(<symbol>RELENG_5</symbol>)¬O¦b 2004 ¦~ 10 ¤ë±q
            <quote>-CURRENT</quote> fork ¥X¨Óªº¡F
            <literal>6-STABLE</literal> ¤À¤ä(<symbol>RELENG_6</symbol>)¬O¦b 2005 ¦~ 11 ¤ë±q
            <quote>-CURRENT</quote> fork ¥X¨Óªº¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="custrel">
          <para>­n«ç»ò§@¥X¦Û¤vªº release¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>½Ð°Ñ·Ó <ulink
            url="../../articles/releng/article.html">Release ¤uµ{</ulink>
	    ¤å³¹»¡©ú¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="makeworld-clobbers">
          <para>¬°¦ó <command>make world</command> ·|§â­ì¨Ó¸Ëªº binary Àɳ£´«±¼¤F¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¨S¿ù¡A´N¬O³o¼Ë¤l¡C¦p¦W¦r©Ò¥Ü¡A<command>make world</command>
	    ·|­«·s½sĶ¨t²Î¤º«Øªº¨C­Ó binary ÀÉ¡A³o¼Ë¦bµ²§ô®É´N¥i½T©w¦³­Ó¤@­P¥B°®²bªºÀô¹Ò(©Ò¥H­nªá¤W¦n¤@¬q®É¶¡)¡C</para>

          <para>¦b°õ¦æ <command>make world</command> ©Î
	    <command>make install</command> ®É¡A¦pªG¦³³]
	    <literal>DESTDIR</literal> ³o­ÓÀô¹ÒÅܼơA·s²£¥Íªº binary ±N·|¸Ë¦b
	    <literal>${DESTDIR}</literal> ¤U¦P¼Ëªº¥Ø¿ý¾ð¤¤¡C¦ý¦b¬Y¨Ç­×§ï
	    shared library ©M­««Ø binary ªºµL¯S©w±¡ªp¤U¡A³o¼Ë°µ¥i¯à·|¨Ï
	    <command>make world</command> ¥¢±Ñ¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question id="cvsup-round-robin">
	  <para>Why isn't cvsup.FreeBSD.org a round robin DNS entry to
	  share the load amongst the various CVSup servers?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>While CVSup mirrors update from the master CVSup
	    server hourly, this update might happen at any time during
	    the hour.  This means that some servers have newer code
	    than others, even though all servers have code that is
	    less than an hour old.  If <hostid role="fqdn">cvsup.FreeBSD.org</hostid> was a round
	    robin DNS entry that simply redirected users to a random
	    CVSup server, running CVSup twice in a row could download
	    code older than the code already on the system.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="bus-speed-defaulted">
          <para>¦b¨t²Î¶}¾÷®É¡A¥X²{ <quote>(bus speed defaulted)</quote>¡C</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

          <para>Adaptec 1542 SCSI ¥d¤¹³\¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥Î³nÅé½Õ¾ã¶×¬y±Æªº¦s¨ú³t«×¡C
	    ¦­´Áªº 1542 ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¸Õ¹Ï±N¥¦³]¦¨¥i¥Îªº³Ì§Ö³t«×¡A¦ý«á¨Óµo²{¦b¤@
	    ¨Ç¾÷¾¹¤W¤£¯à¥Î¡A©Ò¥H²{¦b­n¦b kernel ³]©w¤¤¥[
	    <symbol>TUNE_1542</symbol> ³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¨Ó±Ò°Ê³o­Ó¥\¯à¡C¦b¤ä´©ªº¾÷¾¹
	    ¤W¥Î³o­Ó¿ï¶µ·|¨ÏµwºÐ¦s¨ú§ó§Ö¡A¦ý¦b¤£¤ä´©ªº¾÷¾¹¤W¦³¥i¯à·|·´±¼¸ê®Æ¡C
	    </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="ctm">
          <para>¦bºô¸ôÀW¼e¦³­­ªº±¡ªp¤U¡A§Ú¤]¥i¥H¸ò¤W current ªºµo®i¶Ü¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¬Oªº¡AÂÇµÛ <ulink url="../handbook/synching.html#CTM">CTM
	  </ulink> ±z´N¥i¥H<literal>¤£¥Î</literal>¤U¸ü¥þ³¡ªºµ{¦¡½X¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="split-240k">
          <para>¬O«ç»ò§âµo¦æª©¥»¤¤ªºÀɮפÁ¦¨¤@­Ó­Ó 240k ªº¤pÀɮתº¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥H BSD ¬°°ò¦ªº¸û·s¨t²Î¦³­Ó <option>-b</option> ¿ï¶µ
	  ¥i¥H§âÀÉ®×¥H¥ô·N¼Æ¥Ø byte ¤Á¶}¡C</para>

          <para>³o¸Ì¬O <filename>/usr/src/Makefile</filename> ¤¤ªº¤@­Ó
	  ¨Ò¤l¡G</para>

          <programlisting>bin-tarball:
(cd ${DISTDIR}; \
tar cf - . \
gzip --no-name -9 -c | \
split -b 240640 - \
${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.)</programlisting>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="submitting-kernel-extensions">
          <para>§Ú¦b kernel ¤¤¥[¤F·s¥\¯à¡A§Ú­n§â¥¦±Hµ¹½Ö¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ulink
	    url="../../articles/contributing/article.html">Contributing
            to FreeBSD</ulink> ¤¤ªº¤å³¹¡A¥H¤F¸Ñ­n¦p¦ó´£¨Ñ±zªºµ{¦¡½X¡C</para>

          <para>¦P®É¤]ÁÂÁ±zªºÃö¤ß¡I</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="pnp-initialize">
          <para>ISA ªºÀH´¡§Y¥Î¥d¬O¦p¦ó°»´ú¤Îªì©l¤Æªº¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¥Ñ Frank Durda IV ©Ò¼g¡G
            <email>uhclem@nemesis.lonestar.org</email></para>

          <para>²³æªº»¡¡A·í¥D¾÷µo¥X¬O§_¦³ PnP ¥dªº¸ß°Ý°T¸¹®É¡A©Ò¦³ªº PnP ¥d
	    ·|¦b´X­Ó©T©wªº I/O port §@¦^À³¡C©Ò¥H·í°»´ú PnP ªºµ{¦¡¶}©l®É¡A¥¦
	    ·|¥ý°Ý¦³¨S¦³ PnP ¥d¦b¡A±µµÛ©Ò¦³ PnP ¥d·|¦b¥¦Åªªº port ¥H¦Û¤vªº
	    «¬¸¹ # §@¦^µª¡A³o¼Ë°»´úµ{¦¡´N·|±o¨ì¤@­Ó wired-OR <quote>yes</quote>
	    ªº¼Æ¦r¡A¨ä¤¤¦Ü¤Ö·|¦³¤@­Ó bit ¬O¥´¶}ªº¡CµM«á°»´úµ{¦¡·|­n¨D«¬¸¹
	    (¥Ñ Microsoft/Intel«ü©w)¤p©ó X ªº¥d<quote>Â÷½u</quote>¡C¦A¥h¬Ý¬O
	    §_ÁÙ¦³¥d¦^µª¦P¼Ëªº¸ß°Ý¡A¦pªG±o¨ì <literal>0</literal>¡A´Nªí¥Ü¨S
	    ¦³«¬¸¹¤j©ó X ªº¥d¡C ²{¦bµ{¦¡·|°Ý¬O§_¦³«¬¸¹¤p©ó <literal>X</literal>
	    ªº¥d¡A¦pªG¦³ªº¸Ü¡Aµ{¦¡¦A­n«¬¸¹¤j©ó X-(limit/4) ªº¥dÂ÷½u¡AµM«á­«ÂÐ
	    ¤W­±ªº°Ê§@¡C¥Î­«½Æ³oºØÃþ¦ü semi-binary search ªº¤èªk¡A¦b¬Y½d³ò¤º
	    §ä­Ó´X¦¸«á¡A´úµ{¦¡³Ì«á·|¦b¾÷¾¹¤¤°Ï¤À¥X©Ò¦³ªº PnP ¥d¡A·j´M¦¸¼Æ¤]
	    »·§C©ó¤@­Ó­Ó§äªº 2^64 ¦¸¡C</para>

          <para>¤@±i¥dªº ID ¥Ñ¨â­Ó 32-bit(©Ò¥H¤W­±¬O 2&circ;64) + 8bit °»¿ù½X
	    ²Õ¦¨¡A²Ä¤@­Ó 32 bits ¬O¥Î¨Ó°Ï¤À¦U®a¼t°Óªº¡C³o¨Ç¼t°Ó±q¨Ó¨S¦³¥X¨Ó¼á
	    ²M¹L¡A¦ý¬Ý¨ÓÀ³°²³]¦P¤@®a¥Xªº¤£¦PºØÃþªº¥dªº¼t°Ó ID ¦³¥i¯à¤£¦P¡C¥Î
	    32 bits ¥u¨Óªí¥Ü¤£¦P¼t°Óªº·Qªk¹ê¦b¦³ÂI¹LÀY¤F¡C</para>

          <para>²Ä¤G­Ó 32 bits «h¬O«¬¸¹ #¡B¤A¤Óºô¸ô¦ì§}¡B©Î¤@¨Ç¨Ï³o±i¥d¿W¯Sªº
	    ¸ê®Æ¡C°£«D²Ä¤@­Ó 32 bits ¤£¦P¡A§_«h¼t°Ó¤£¥i¯à§@¥X²Ä¤G­Ó 32 bit ¬Û
	    ¦Pªº¨â±i¥d¡C©Ò¥H¦b¤@¥x¾÷¾¹¤¤¥i¥H¦³¦P¼Ëªº¦n´X±i¥d¡AµM¦Ó¥L­Ì¾ã­Ó
	    64 bits ÁÙ¬O·|³£¤£¤@¼Ë¡C</para>

          <para>³o¨â­Ó 32 bit µ´¹ï¤£¥i¥H¥þ¬°¹s¡A³o¤~¯à¨Ï±o³Ì¶}©l binary search
	    ¤¤ªº wired-OR ·|±o¨ì¤@­Ó«D¹s¼Æ¦r¡C</para>

          <para>¤@¥¹¨t²Î°Ï¤À¥X©Ò¦³¥dªº ID¡A±µµÛ·|¸g¥Ñ¦P¼Ëªº I/O port ¤@­Ó­Ó­«
	    ·s±Ò°Ê¨C±i¥d¡A±µµÛ§ä¥X¤wª¾¤¶­±¥d©Ò»Ýªº¸ê·½¡B¦³­þ¨Ç¤¤Â_¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îµ¥
	    µ¥¡C©Ò¦³¥d³£·|³Q±½´y¤@¦¸¡A¨Ó¦¬¶°³o¨Ç¸ê®Æ¡C</para>

          <para>³o¨Ç¸ê°T±µµÛ©MµwºÐ¤Wªº ECU ÀɮסB©Î MLB BIOS ¸Ìªº¸ê®Æµ²¦X¦b¤@
	    °_¡A³q±`¬Oºî¦X ECU ©M MLB ¸Ìªº BIOS PnP ¸ê®Æ¡A³o¨Ç¶gÃä¨Ã¤£¤ä´©¯u¥¿
	    ªº PnP¡AµM¦Ó°»´úµ{¦¡¦bÀˬd BIOS ©M ECU ¸ê®Æ«á¡A¥¦¥i¥HÁקK PnP ¶gÃä
	    ©M¨º¨Ç°»´ú¤£¨ìªº¬Û½Ä¬ð¡C</para>

          <para>±µµÛ¦A«×«ô³X³o¨Ç PnP ¶gÃä¡A³o¦¸·|§â¥i¥Îªº I/O¡BDMA¡BIRQ ©M°O¾Ð
	    Åé¬M®gªº¦ì§}³£«ü©wµ¹¥¦­Ì¡C³o¨Ç¶gÃä´N·|¥X²{¦b©Ò«ü©wªº¦a¤è¡Aª½¨ì¤U¤@
	    ¦¸­«·s¶}¾÷¬°¤î¡A¤£¹L¤]¨S¦³¤H»¡¤£¯à§â¥¦­ÌÀH®É²¾¨Ó²¾¥h¡C</para>

          <para>¤W­±¦³¬Û·í¦hªºÂ²¤Æ¡A¦ý§AÀ³¸Ó¤w¸g¤F¸Ñ¤j­Pªº¹Lµ{¡C</para>

          <para>Microsoft §âªí¥Ü¦Lªí¾÷ª¬ºAªº´X­Ó¥D­n port ®³¨Ó§@ PnP¡A¥L­Ìªº
	    ÅÞ¿è¬O¨S¦³¤@±i¥d·|¦b³o¨Ç¦a¤è¸Ñ½X§@¬Û¤Ïªº I/O cycles¡C¦ý¬O§Ú§ä¨ì
	    ¤@´Ú¦­´Á¤´¦bµû¦ô PnP ´£®×®Éªº IBM ­ì¼t printer board¡A¥¦ªº½T¥h¸Ñ
	    ¹ï³o¨Çª¬ºA port ªº¼g¤J¸ê®Æ¡A¦ý¬O MS <quote>»¡¤F´Nºâ</quote>¡C©Ò¥H
	    ¥¦­Ìªº½T¦³¹ï¦Lªí¾÷ª¬ºA port ¼g¤J¡AÁÙ¦³Åª¨ú¸Ó¦ì§} +
	    <literal>0x800</literal>¡B©M¥t¤@­Ó¦b <literal>0x200</literal> ¤Î
	    <literal>0x3ff</literal> ¤§¶¡ªº port¡C</para>

        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="major-numbers">
          <para>§Ú¬°¬Y³]³Æ¼g¤FÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A¯à¤£¯àµ¹¥¦¤@­Ó major number¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>³o­n¬Ý§A¬O§_¥´ºâ±N³o­ÓÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤½¶}¨Ï¥Î¡A¦pªG¬Oªº¸Ü¡A½Ð§â¥¦ªº
	    ­ì©l½X°e¤@¥÷µ¹§Ú­Ì¡AÁÙ¦³ <filename>files.i386</filename> ­×§ïªº
	    ³¡¥÷¡Bkernel ³]©wÀɼ˥»¡B¥H¤Î¥Î¨Ó²£¥Í³]³ÆÀɪº &man.MAKEDEV.8;¡C
	    ¦pªG§A¤£¥´ºâ¤½¶}¡B©Î¦]¬°ª©Åv°ÝÃD¦Ó¤£¯à¤½¶}ªº¸Ü¡A§Ú­Ì¦³¯S¦a«O¯d
	    character major number 32 ©M block major number 8 µ¹³o¤è­±ªº¨Ï¥Î¡A
	    ª½±µ¥Î³o¨â­Ó´N¦n¤F¡C¤£½×¦p¦ó¡A§Ú­Ì³£·|«Ü·P¿E§A¯à¦b &a.hackers;
	    µoªíÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº®ø®§¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="alternate-directory-layout">
          <para>Ãö©ó§ó°Ê¥Ø¿ý©ñ¸mªº­ì«h¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦b¦^µªÃö©ó§ó°Ê¥Ø¿ý©ñ¸mªº­ì«h¤è­±¡A§Ú¦b 1983 ¦~¼g¦n¥Ø«eªº§@ªk
	    «á´N¨S¦³¦A§ïÅܹL¡A³oºØ¤è¦¡¬O°w¹ï­ì¥ýªº FFS Àɮרt²Î¡A«á¨Ó¤]¨S¦³
	    ¹ï¥¦§@¥ô¦ó§ó°Ê¡C¥¦¦bÁקK cylinder group ³Q¶ñº¡³o¤è­±°µ±o¬Û·í¦¨¥\¡A
	    ¦ý¬O´N¹³¦³¨Ç¤H¤w¸gª`·N¨ì¡A¥¦©M find ´N°t¦X±o¤£¤j¦n¡C¤j³¡¥÷ªºÀÉ®×
	    ¨t²Î¬O¥Ñ¨º¨Ç¥Î depth first search(aka ftw) ²£¥Íªº archive »s³y¥X
	    ¨Ó¡A¸Ñ¥X¨Óªº¥Ø¿ý inode ·|¾î¸ó¦n´X­Ó cylinder group¡A¦pªG¥H«á­n°µ
	    depth first search ªº¸Ü¡A³o¬O³ÌÁV¿|ªº±¡ªp¤§¤@¡C¦pªG§Ú­Ìª¾¹DÁ`¦@
	    ·|²£¥Í¦h¤Ö¥Ø¿ýªº¸Ü¡A¸Ñªk¬O¦b°µ¥ô¦ó¦s¨ú/¼g¤J°Ê§@¤§«e¡A¦b¨C­Ó
	    cylinder group ¤W¥ý³y¥X(©Ò¦³¥Ø¿ý¼Æ/cylinder greoup ªº¼Æ¥Ø)³o»ò¦h
	    ªº¥Ø¿ý¡C«Ü©úÅ㪺¡A§Ú­Ì¥²¶·­n¦³®Ú¾Ú¦a¥h²q³o ­Ó¼Æ¦r¡A´Nºâ¤@­Ó¹³ 10
	    ªº«Ü¤p©T©w¼Æ¥Ø¤]·|¨Ï®Ä²v¥H¯Å¼Æ¦¨ªø¡C°Ï¤À restore (§Y¸Ñ¶}¤W­zªº
	    archive) ©M¤@¯ëÀÉ®×¾Þ§@ªº¤èªk¥i¥H¬O(²{¦b¥Îªººtºâªk¥i¯à­n§ó±Ó·P)¡G
	    ¦pªG¤@¨Ç¥Ø¿ý(³Ì¦h 10 ­Ó)³£¦b 10 ¬í¤º²£ ¥Íªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò´N§â³o¨Ç¥Ø¿ý
	    »E¶°¦b¦P¤@­Ó cylinder group¡C¤£ºÞ«ç¼Ë¡A §Úªº¸gÅç«ü¥X³o¬O¤@­Ó¤w¸g
	    ¥R¥÷¹êÅç¹Lªº³¡¥÷¡C</para>

          <para>Kirk McKusick, September 1998</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="kernel-panic-troubleshooting">
          <para>¦p¦ó¦b kernel panics ®É±o¨ì³Ì¦hªº¸ê°T¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para><emphasis>[³o¸`¬O±q &a.wpaul; ¦b &os.current; <link
	    linkend="mailing">mailing list</link> ¤Wµoªíªº«H¤¤¸`¿ý¡A
	    &a.des; ­×¥¿¤F¥´¦r¿ù»~¡B¦A¥[¤W¬A©·¸Ìªºª`¸Ñ¡C]</emphasis></para>

          <programlisting>From: Bill Paul &lt;wpaul@skynet.ctr.columbia.edu&gt;
Subject: Re: the fs fun never stops
To: Ben Rosengart
Date: Sun, 20 Sep 1998 15:22:50 -0400 (EDT)
Cc: current@FreeBSD.org</programlisting>

          <para><emphasis>[Ben µoªí¤F¤U­±ªº panic °T®§]</emphasis></para>

          <programlisting>&gt; Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode
&gt; fault virtual address   = 0x40
&gt; fault code              = supervisor read, page not present
&gt; instruction pointer     = 0x8:0xf014a7e5
                                ^^^^^^^^^^
&gt; stack pointer           = 0x10:0xf4ed6f24
&gt; frame pointer           = 0x10:0xf4ed6f28
&gt; code segment            = base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b
&gt;                         = DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1
&gt; processor eflags        = interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0
&gt; current process         = 80 (mount)
&gt; interrupt mask          =
&gt; trap number             = 12
&gt; panic: page fault</programlisting>

          <para>·í§A¬Ý¨ì¹³³o¼Ëªº°T®§®É¡A¥u§â¥¦«þ¤@¥÷°e¤W¨Ó¬O¤£°÷ªº¡C§Ú¦b¤W­±
	    ¯S¦a¼Ð©úªº instruction pointer ­È¬Û·í­«­n¡A¤£©¯ªº¬O¥¦·|¦]³]©w¦Ó
	    ¤£¦P¡C´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A³o­Ó­È·|¸ò§A¥Îªº kernel image ÀɦÓÅÜ°Ê¡C¦pªG¬O¥Î
	    ¬Y­Ó snapshot ª©¥»ªº GENERIC kernel¡A¤]³\¨ä¥L¤H¥i¥H°lÂܨì¥X°ÝÃD
	    ªº¨ç¦¡¡A¦ý¦pªG§A¬O¥Î¦Û­qªº kernel¡A¨º»ò¥u¦³
	    <emphasis>§A</emphasis>¤~¯à§i¶D§Ú­Ì°ÝÃD¥X¦b¨º¸Ì¡C</para>

          <para>­n°µªº¨Æ¥]¬A³o¨Ç¡G</para>

            <procedure>
              <step>
                <para>§â instruction pointer ªº­È°O¤U¨Ó¡Cª`·N¦b«e­±ªº
		  <literal>0x8:</literal> ¦b³o­Ó±¡ªp¤¤¨Ã¤£­«­n¡A§Ú­Ì­nªº¬O
		  <literal>0xf0xxxxxx</literal>¡C</para>
              </step>

              <step>
                <para>·í¨t²Î­«·s¶}¾÷«á¡A°õ¦æ³o¹D©R¥O¡G

                  <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>nm -n /(³y¦¨ panic ªº kernel ÀÉ®×) | grep f0xxxxxx</userinput></screen>

		  ¨ä¤¤ <literal>f0xxxxxx</literal> ´N¬O°O¤U¨Óªº
		  instruction pointer ­È¡C¦³¥i¯à¤£·|­è¦n§ä¨ì§¹¾ãªº³o­Ó¦r¦ê¡A
		  ³o¬O¦]¬° kernel symbol table ¸Ìªº¦U­Ó symbol ¥u¬O¨ç¦¡ªº¶i
		  ¤JÂI¡A¦ý instruction pointer ©Ò«üªº¦ì§}¦³¥i¯à¬O¦b¨ç¦¡¤ºªº
		  ¬Y¤@³B¡A¦Ó¤£¤@©w¦b¶}ÀY¡C©Ò¥H¦pªG§ä¤£¨ì¾ã­Ó¦r¦ê¡A¨º»ò§â
		  instruction pointer ­Èªº³Ì«á¤@­Ó¼Æ¦r®³±¼¡A¦A¸Õ¤@¦¸¡G

                  <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>nm -n /(³y¦¨ panic ªº kernel ÀÉ®×) | grep f0xxxxx</userinput></screen>

                  ¦pªG³o¼Ë¤]§ä¤£¨ì¡A¨º´N§â¥t¤@­Ó¼Æ¦r¥h±¼¦A§ä¡A¤@ª½­«½Æ¨ì§ä¨ì
		  ¬°¤î¡A µ²ªG¬O¤@¦ê¥i¯à³y¦¨ panic ªº¨ç¦¡¦Cªí¡C³o¼Ë¤ñª½±µ§ä¨ì
		  ¥X°ÝÃDªº¨ç¦¡¨Ó±o®t¡A¦ý¦Ü¤Ö¦n¹L¤°»ò³£¨S¦³¡C</para>

              </step>
            </procedure>

          <para>§Ú±`±`¬Ý¨ì¤H­ÌÅã¥Ü¤@¤j¤ù panic °T®§¡A¦ý«Ü¤Ö¬Ý¨ì¦³¤Hªá¤@ÂI®É¶¡
	    §â instruction pointer ©M kernel symbol table ¤¤ªº¨ç¦¡¤ñ¸û¤@¤U¡C
	    </para>

          <para>­n°lÂÜ¥X³y¦¨ panic ­ì¦]ªº³Ì¦n¤èªk¬O¥ý°µ¥X crash dump¡AµM«á¥Î
	    &man.gdb.1; ¦b¤W­±°µ stack trace¡C</para>

          <para>¤£ºÞ¬O¨º¤@ºØ¡A§Ú³q±`¬O¥Î³o­Ó¤èªk¡G</para>

            <procedure>
              <step>
                <para>¼g¦n kernel ³]©wÀÉ¡C¦pªG§A»Ý­n¥Î kernel debugger¡A¦b³]
		  ©wÀɤ¤¥[¤W <literal>options DDB</literal> ³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¡C
		  (·í§ÚÃhºÃ¦³¥X²{µL½a°j°é®É¡A³q±`·|¥Î³o­Ó¨Ó³]©w¤¤Â_ÂI¡C)
		  </para>
              </step>

              <step>
                <para>¥Î <command>config -g
		  <replaceable>KERNELCONFIG</replaceable></command>
		  °µ¥X¥Î¨Ó½sĶªº¥Ø¿ý¡C</para>
              </step>

              <step>
                <para><command>cd /sys/compile/
                  <replaceable>KERNELCONFIG</replaceable>; make
                  </command></para>
              </step>

              <step>
                <para>µ¥«Ý kernel ½sĶµ²§ô¡C</para>
              </step>

              <step>
                <para><command>make install</command></para>
              </step>

              <step>
                <para>­«·s¶}¾÷</para>
              </step>
            </procedure>

          <para>&man.make.1; ±N·|»s³y¥X¨â­Ó kernel¡C<filename>kernel</filename>
	    ÁÙ¦³ <filename>kernel.debug</filename>¡C
	    <filename>kernel</filename> ±N·|³Q¦w¸Ë¨ì
	    <filename>/kernel</filename>¡A¦Ó <filename>kernel.debug</filename>
	    ¥i¥Î¨Óµ¹ &man.gdb.1; ·í§@ debugging symbols ªº¨Ó·½¡C</para>

          <para>­n½T©w¯à§ì¨ì crash dump¡A¥ý½s¿è
	    <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ±N <literal>dumpdev</literal> «ü
	    ¨ì swap ¤À³Î°Ï¡C³o¼Ë &man.rc.8; ·|¥Î &man.dumpon.8; ¨Ó±Ò°Ê
	    crash dump¡A§A¤]¥i¥H¤â°Ê°õ¦æ &man.dumpon.8; ¦b panic ¤§«á¡A
	    crash dump ¥i¥H¥Î &man.savecore.8; ¦s°_¨Ó¡F¦pªG
	    <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ¸Ì¦³³] <literal>dumpdev</literal>
	    ¨º»ò­«·s¶}¾÷«á &man.rc.8; ·|¦Û°Ê°õ¦æ &man.savecore.8; §â
	    crash dump ¦s¦b <filename>/var/crash</filename>¡C</para>

            <note>
              <para>FreeBSD ªº crash dump ³q±`©M¾÷¾¹¸Ìªº¹ê»Ú°O¾ÐÅé¤@¼Ë¤j¡A´N
	        ¹³¦pªG¦³ 64MB °O¾ÐÅé¡Acrash dump ¤j¤p´N¬O 64MB¡C©Ò¥H­n½T©w
		<filename>/var/crash</filename> ¤U¦³¨¬°÷ªºªÅ¶¡¡A©Î¬O¥i¥H¤â
		°Ê°õ¦æ &man.savecore.8; §â crash dump ©ñ¨ì¥t¤@­ÓªÅ¶¡¸û°÷ªº
		¥Ø¿ý¤U¡C¥t¤@ºØ¤]³\¥i¥H­­¨î crash dump ªº¤èªk¡A¬O¦b kernel
		³]©wÀɤ¤¥Î <literal>options MAXMEM=(foo)</literal>¡A±N kernel
		¥i¥Îªº°O¾ÐÅé­­¨î¦b¦X²zªº¤j¤p¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG§A¦³ 128MB ªº°O¾Ð
		Åé¡A¦ý¬O¥i¥H­­¨î kernel ¥u¯à¥Î 16MB ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A³o¼Ë crash dump
		´N¬O 16MB ¦Ó¤£¬O 128MB ¤F¡C</para>
            </note>

          <para>¤@¥¹µo²{¦³¤F crash dump¡A´N¥i¥H¥Î &man.gdb.1; ¨Ó°µ
	    stack trace ¡A¦p¤U©Ò¥Ü¡G</para>

          <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>gdb -k /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG/kernel.debug /var/crash/vmcore.0</userinput>
<prompt>(gdb)</prompt> <userinput>where</userinput></screen>

          <para>­nª`·N¥i¯à·|¥X²{¦n´X­Ó¿Ã¹õªº¥i¥Î¸ê°T¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î &man.script.1;
	    §â©Ò¦³¿é¥X³£¦s°_¨Ó¡C¥Î¥]¬A©Ò¦³ debug symbol ªº kernel ¨Ó°£¿ù¡A³o
	    ¼ËÀ³¸Ó¥i¥Hª½±µÅã¥Ü panic ¬Oµo¥Í¦b¨º¤@¦æ¡C³q±`¬O¥Ñ¤U©¹¤WŪ
	    stack strace¡A³o¼Ë¤~¯à¤@­Ó­Ó°lÂÜ¥X¦³­þ¨Ç°Ê§@¤Þ¨ì crash¡C¤]¥i¥H¥Î
	    &man.gdb.1; §â¦UºØÅܼƩε²ºcªº¤º®e¦L¥X¨Ó¡A¥HÀˬd¨t²Î crash ®Éªº
	    ¹ê»Úª¬ºA¡C</para>

          <para>¦n°Õ¡A¦pªG§A¦³²Ä¤G¥x¹q¸£¦Ó¥B¦³°÷ºÆ¨g¡A¥i¥H±N &man.gdb.1; ³]©w
	    ¦¨»·ºÝ°£¿ù¡C³o¼Ë§A¥i¥H¦b¤@¥x¾÷¾¹¤¤¥Î &man.gdb.1; ¥h°£¿ù¥t¤@¥x¸Ìªº
	    kernel¡A¥i¥H°õ¦æªº¥]¬A³]©w¤¤Â_ÂI¡B¦b kernel ­ì©l½X¤¤¤@¨B¨B°õ¦æµ¥
	    µ¥¡A´N¹³¦b¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌµ{¦¡¤W°£¿ù¤@¼Ë¡C¥Ñ©ó¨S¦³¤°»ò¾÷·|¬°°£¿ù¦Ó³]¸m
	    ¨â¥x¨Ã¾F¹q¸£¡A©Ò¥H§ÚÁÙ¨S¦³³o¼Ëª±¹L¡C</para>

          <para><emphasis>[Bill ¸É¥R¡G"§Ú§Ñ¤F´£¨ì¤@ÂI¡G¦pªG§A¦³±Ò°Ê DDB ¦Ó
	    kernel ¤]¤w¸g¶i¤J°£¿ù¾¹¡A¥i¥H¦b DDB ©R¥O¦C¤U¥´ 'panic'¡A±j­¢²£¥Í
	    panic (ÁÙ¦³ crash dump)¡C¤]¦³¥i¯à¦b panic ¶¥¬q®É¦A¶i¤J°£¿ù¾¹¡A
	    ¦pªG³o¼Ëªº¸Ü¡A¿é¤J 'continue'¡A±µµÛ¥¦´N·|§¹¦¨ crash dump¡C" -ed]
	    </emphasis></para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="dlsym-failure">
          <para>¬°¤°»ò dlsym() ¤£¯à¾Þ§@ ELF °õ¦æÀÉ¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¦b ELF ¤@¨t¦Cªº¤u¨ã¤¤¡A¤º©w¬O¤£·|Åý dynamic linker ¬Ý¨ì°õ¦æ
	    Àɸ̩w¸q¤F­þ¨Ç symbol¡C©Ò¥H <function>dlsym()</function> ¨S¦³¿ì
	    ªk¥ÎÂǥѩI¥s <function>dlopen(NULL, flags)</function> ¨ú±oªº
	    handle¡A¥Î¥¦¥h·j´M¦³¨º¨Ç symbol ¤@©w·|¥¢±Ñ¡C</para>

          <para>¦pªG§A·Q­n¥Î <function>dlsym()</function> §ä¥X¬Y­Ó process
	    ªº¥D°õ¦æÀɤ¤¦³­þ¨Ç symbol¡A«h­n¦b link ®É¹ï ELF linker (&man.ld.1;)
	    ¥[¤W <option>-export-dynamic</option> ³o­Ó°Ñ¼Æ¡C</para>

        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="change-kernel-address-space">
          <para>§Ú­n¦p¦ó¼W¥[©Î´î¤Ö kernel ¯à©w§}ªºªÅ¶¡¡H</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>¹w³]­È¬O¡AFreeBSD 3.x ªº kernel ¥i¥H©w§}ªºªÅ¶¡¬O 256 MB ¦Ó
	    FreeBSD 4.x ¥i¥H¨ì 1 GB¡C¦pªG¬Oºô¸ô­t²ü¬Û·í­«ªº¦øªA¾¹
	    (¨Ò¦p¤j«¬ FTP ©Î HTTP ¦øªA¾¹)¡A§A¤]³\·|µo²{ 256 MB ¥i¯à¤£¤j°÷¡C
	    </para>

          <para>©Ò¥H¡A­n¦p¦ó¼W¥[©w§}ªÅ¶¡©O¡H­n±q¨â¤è­±µÛ¤â¡C­º¥ý­º¥ý§i¶D
	    kernel ¥»¨­­n«O¯d¸û¤jªÅ¶¡µ¹¦Û¤v¡C¨ä¦¸¡A¬JµM¬O¦b©w§}ªÅ¶¡ªº³Ì¤W
	    ­±¸ü¤J kernel¡A©Ò¥HÁÙ­n½Õ§C¸ü¤Jªº¦ì§}¡A¤~¤£·|©M«e­±©w§}ªº½d³ò
	    ­«Å|¡C</para>

          <para>¼W¥[ <filename>src/sys/i386/include/pmap.h</filename> ¸Ìªº
	    <literal>NKPDE</literal> ´N¥i¥H¹F¦¨²Ä¤@­Ó¥Ø¼Ð¡C1 GB ªº©w§}ªÅ¶¡·|
	    ¹³³o¼Ë¡G</para>

          <programlisting>#ifndef NKPDE
#ifdef SMP
#define NKPDE                   254     /* addressable number of page tables/pde's */
#else
#define NKPDE                   255     /* addressable number of page tables/pde's */
#endif  /* SMP */
#endif</programlisting>

          <para>­nºâ¥X <literal>NKPDE</literal> ªº¥¿½T­È¡A±N·Q­nªºªÅ¶¡¤j¤p
	    (¥H megabyte ¬°³æ¦ì)°£¥H 4¡A±µµÛ³æ CPU ¾÷¾¹´î 1¡A
	    Âù CPU «h¬O´î 2¡C</para>

          <para>­n¸Ñ¨M²Ä¤G­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¥²¶·¦Û¦æºâ¥X kernel ³Q¸ü¤Jªº¦ì§}¡G¨D¥X
	    0x100100000 ´î±¼©w§}ªÅ¶¡¤j¤pªº­È(¥H byte ¬°³æ¦ì)¡A¦p 1 GB ¤j¤p´N¬O
	    0xc0100000¡C§â<filename>src/sys/i386/conf/Makefile.i386</filename>
	    ¸Ìªº <symbol>LOAD_ADDRESS</symbol> ³]¦¨³o­Ó­È¡Q±µµÛ¦b
	    <filename>src/sys/i386/conf/kernel.script</filename> ¤¤¡A±N
	    section ¦Cªí³Ì«e­±ªº location counter ³]¦¨¬Û¦Pªº­È¡A¦p¤U¡G</para>

          <programlisting>OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-i386", "elf32-i386", "elf32-i386")
OUTPUT_ARCH(i386)
ENTRY(btext)
SEARCH_DIR(/usr/lib); SEARCH_DIR(/usr/obj/elf/home/src/tmp/usr/i386-unknown-freebsdelf/lib);
SECTIONS
{
  /* Read-only sections, merged into text segment: */
  . = 0xc0100000 + SIZEOF_HEADERS;
  .interp     : { *(.interp)    }</programlisting>

          <para>µM«á­«·s½sĶ±zªº kernel¡C±z¥i¯à·|¦b°õ¦æ &man.ps.1;¡B&man.top.1;
	    ³oÃþªºµ{¦¡®É¸I¨ì°ÝÃD¡Q<command>make world</command> À³¸Ó´N¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M
	    (©Î§â§ï¹Lªº <filename>pmap.h</filename> ½Æ»s¨ì
	    <filename>/usr/include/vm/</filename> ¤U¡A¦A¤â°Ê½sĶ
	    <filename>libkvm</filename>¡A&man.ps.1; ÁÙ¦³ &man.top.1;)¡C</para>

          <para>ª`·N¡Gkernel ©Ò¯à©w§}ªºªÅ¶¡¤j¤p¥²¶·¬O 4 megabytes ªº­¿¼Æ¡C
	    </para>

          <para>[&a.dg; ¸É¥R¡G<emphasis>§Ú»{¬° kernel ©w§}ªÅ¶¡¤j¤pÀ³¸Ó­n¬O 2
	    ªº­¼¾­¡A¦ý¤£¤j½T©w³o¤@ÂI¡Cªº±Ò°Êµ{¦¡·|°Ê¨ì
	    high order address bits¡A°O±o¥¦°²³]¦Ü¤Ö¦³ 256 MB¡C]</emphasis>
	    </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="acknowledgments">
    <chapterinfo>
      <author>
	<firstname>Vanilla</firstname>
	<surname>Shu</surname>
	<affiliation>
	  <address><email>vanilla@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
	</affiliation>
      </author>
    </chapterinfo>

    <title>·PÁÂ</title>

    <blockquote>
       <attribution>FreeBSD Core Team</attribution>

       <para>°²¦p±z¦b³o¥÷ FAQ ¤¤§ä¨ì¿ù»~ªº¦a¤è¡A©Î¬O±z·Q¼W¥[¨Ç¬Æ»ò¡A
         ½Ð¼g«Ê«H¨ì &a.faq; ¡C§Ú­Ì«D±`·PÁ±zªº«Øij¡A
	 ¦]¬°±zªº«ØijÅý³o¥÷¤å¥óÅܱo§ó¦n¡I</para>
    </blockquote>

      <variablelist>
        <varlistentry>
          <term>&a.jkh;</term>
            <listitem>
              <para>¤£°±ªº§ó·s¹L®Éªº FAQ</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>&a.dwhite;</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>¸g±`¦b freebsd-questions ¤W¦^µª°ÝÃD</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>&a.joerg;</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>¸g±`¦b Usenet ¤W¦^µª°ÝÃD</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>&a.wollman;</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Networking and formatting</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>Jim Lowe</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Multicast information</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>&a.pds;</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>FreeBSD FAQ ³o¥÷¤å¥óªº¥´¦r­W¤u</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>The FreeBSD Team</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>Kvetching, moaning, submitting data</para>

            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>
        </variablelist>

    <para>¹ï©ó¨º¨Ç´¿¸g¹ï³o¥÷ FAQ ´£¨ÑÀ°§U¡A¦Ó§Ú­Ì¨S´£¨ìªº¤H­Ì¡A
      §Ú­Ì¥Ñ°Jªº·PÁ±z¡I</para>
  </chapter>


  <chapter id="ports">
    <chapterinfo>
      <author>
	<firstname>Yi-Feng</firstname>
	<surname>Tzeng</surname>
	<affiliation>
	  <address><email>yftzeng@iis.sinica.edu.tw</email></address>
	</affiliation>
      </author>
    </chapterinfo>

    <title>Ports and Packages ±`¨£°ÝÃD</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-fetch">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¥u§ì¨ú tarball¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦pªG¥u§Æ±æ§ì¨ú tarball ¤U¨Óªº¸Ü¡A¶È»Ý¿é¤J¥H¤U«ü¥O§Y¥i¡G
	    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make fetch</userinput></screen>
	    ¦pªG¬O­n§ì¨ú³æ¤@ªº port¡A¥H
	    <filename role="package">editors/joe</filename> ¬°¨Ò¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/joe</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make fetch</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¨º»ò¡A¹w³]·|±N <filename role="package">editors/joe</filename>
	    ªº tarball ¤U¸ü¦Ü <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>
	    ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡C</para>

	  <para>¦pªG¬O§Æ±æ§ì¨ú¦w¸Ë¦¹ ports ©Ò¦³¬ÛÃö¬Û¨Ì ports ªº tarball¡A¥H
	    <filename role="package">systuils/portupgrade</filename> ¬°¨Òªº¸Ü¡A
	    «h¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/systuils/portupgrade</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make fetch-recursive</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¹w³]·|±N¦¹ port »P©Ò¦³»Ý­nªº¨ä¥L port ªº tarball¡A¤U¸ü¦Ü
	    <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡C</para>

	  <para>¦pªG¬O§Æ±æ§ì¨ú¥þ³¡©Ò¦³ ports ªº tarball ¡A«h¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make fetch</userinput></screen>

	  <para>«h·|©Ò±N¥þ³¡©Ò¦³ ports ªº tarball ¤U¸ü¦Ü
	    <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡C</para>

	  <para>¦pªG¬O§Æ±æ§ì¨ú ftp ¤ÀÃþ¤U©Ò¦³ ports ªº tarball ¡A«h¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/ftp</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make fetch-recursive</userinput></screen>

	  <para>«h·|©Ò±N ftp ¤ÀÃþ¤U©Ò¦³ ports ªº tarball ³£¤U¸ü¦Ü
	    <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡C</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-extract">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¶È°µ¨ì¸Ñ¶} tarballªº¨BÆJ¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦³®É­Ô²ßºD¦Û¤v patch ­ì©l½Xªº®É­Ô¡A·|«Ü±`¥Î¨ì³o­Ó¥\¯à¡C¥H
	    <filename role="package">editors/joe</filename> ¬°¨Ò¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/joe</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make extract</userinput></screen>

	  <para>·|±N tarball¸Ñ¶}¦Ü
	    <filename>/usr/ports/editors/joe/work</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-patch">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¶È°µ¨ì¸Ñ¶} tarball ¨Ã¸É¤W©x¤è´£¨Ñªº patch ¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦¹ªk»P <link linkend="make-extract">make extract</link>
	    ªº¤èªk¦³¤@¨ÇÃþ¦ü¡A¤£¦P©ó¬O¥ý¸É¤W©x¤è´£¨Ñªº patch¡A¦A¦æ patch
	    ¦Û¤vªº­×¥¿¡C  ¦³®É­Ô²ßºD¦Û¤v patch ­ì©l½Xªº®É­Ô¡A
	    «h³o­Ó¤è¦¡¥¿¦n²Å¦X±zªº»Ý¨D¡C
	    ¥H <filename role="package">editors/joe</filename> ¬°¨Ò¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/joe</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make patch</userinput></screen>

	  <para>·|±N tarball¸Ñ¶}¦Ü <filename>/usr/ports/editors/joe/work</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤U
	    ¡A¨Ã¸É¤W©x¤è´£¨Ñªº patch¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-install">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó·sªº port¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦pªG¨t²Î¤W¥¼¦w¸Ë¦¹³nÅé¡A«h¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó·sªº port¡C
	    ¥H <filename role="package">editors/joe</filename> ¬°¨Òªº¸Ü¡A«h¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/joe</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¦p¦¹·|¦b¨t²Î¤W¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó·sªº joe ³nÅé¡C
	    ¦pªG»Ý­n¦b¦w¸Ë§¹¦¨«á¡A¤@¨Ö²M°£½s¿è®É´Á©Ò¯d¤U¨Óªº¼È¦s¥Ø¿ý¡A«h¥i°t¦X <userinput>make clean</userinput> ªº¤èªk¤@°_¨Ï¥Î¡A¦p¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/joe</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make clean</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¦pªG·Q­n¤@¦¸²M±¼©Ò¦³ ports ²£¥Íªº¼È¦s¸ê®Æ¡A«h¥u­n¦^¨ì ports ªº®Ú¥Ø¿ý°õ¦æ§Y¥i¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make clean</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-package">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó·sªº port¡A¨Ã¥´¥](package)°_¨Ó¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>±N¦w¸Ë§¹¦¨ªº³nÅ饴¥]°_¨Ó¡A¦³³\¦h«K§Q©Ê¡G¥]¬A¦bÂO¶°¨t²Î¤¤¡A¥i¨Ñ¨ä¥¦¾÷¾¹¨Ï¥Î¡A
	    ©Î±N¥¼¨Ó¦¹³nÅé¥X°ÝÃD¥i­«·s§Q¥Î¦¹ package ­«·s§Ö³t¦w¸Ë¡C
	    ¥H <filename role="package">editors/joe</filename> ¬°¨Òªº¸Ü¡A«h¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/joe</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make package</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¦p¦¹·|¦b¨t²Î¤W¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó·sªº joe ³nÅé¡A¨Ã±N¦¹³nÅ饴¥](package)°_¨Ó¡C
	    package ¹w³]·|¦b <filename>/usr/ports/editors/joe</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡A¦pªG§Æ±æ¶°¤¤ºÞ²zªº¸Ü¡A«Øij°µ¦p¤Uªº¨BÆJ¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir -p /usr/ports/packages</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¥H«á¥´¥]ªº packages ³£·|¦s©ñ¦b¦¹¥Ø¿ý¤U¡A¨Ã¥B¨t²Î·|¦Û°Ê°µ¤ÀÃþ¡A¥H¤è«KºÞ²z¡C
	    ¦pªG»Ý­n¦b¦w¸Ë§¹¦¨«á¡A¤@¨Ö²M°£½s¿è®É´Á©Ò¯d¤U¨Óªº¼È¦s¥Ø¿ý¡A«h¥i°t¦X make clean ¤@°_¨Ï¥Î¡A¦p¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/joe</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make package clean</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-depend-package">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¥´¥]¤@­Ó port¡A¨Ã±N¨ä©Ò¦³¬Û¨Ìªº ports ¤]¥´¥]°_¨Ó¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦]¬° <link linkend="make-package">make package</link> ¥u¦³¥´¥]³æ¤@®M¥ó¡A
	    ¤¤¶¡¨Ì¿àªº ports ¨Ã¨S¦³¤@°_¥´¥]¡A³o·|¥X²{¤@­Ó±`¹J¨ìªº°ÝÃD¡G
	    ´N¬O¦pªG¤@­Ó port »Ý­n¨Ì¿à¨ä¥¦ªº ports¡A¨º»ò¥²¶·±N¨ä¥¦ ports ¤]¤@°_¥´¥]¡A§_«h¦w¸Ë packages ·|¦³¬Û¨Ì©Êªº°ÝÃD¡C
	    ¥H <filename role="package">sysutils/portupgrade</filename> ¬°¨Ò¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/sysutils/portupgrade</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make DEPENDS_TARGET=package package</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¦p¦¹·|¹ï©Ò¦³ portupgrade ©Ò¬Û¨Ì¿àªº ports ³£¤@¨Ö¥´¥]¡A¤]¥]¬A¦Û¤v¥»¨­¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="pkg-create">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¹ï¤@­Ó¤w¸g¦w¸Ëªº port ¥´¥]¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦pªG¦w¸Ë¦n¤@­Ó®M¥ó¡A¨Æ«e¨Ã¥¼¥´¥]¡A¨Æ«á·Q¥´¥]ªº¸Ü¡A«h¡G
	    ¥H <filename role="package">editors/joe</filename> ¬°¨Ò¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /var/db/pkg</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_create -b joe-{ª©¥»¸¹}</userinput></screen>

	  <para>·|±N¤w¦w¸Ëªº port ¥´¥]°_¨Ó¡A©ñ¦b <filename>/var/db/pkg</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-clean">
	  <para>¦p¦ó²M²z ports ½s¿è´Á¶¡©Ò²£¥Íªº¼È¦s¸ê®Æ¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦b¦w¸Ë port ªº®É­Ô¡A·|¦³½sĶ´Á¶¡©Ò»Ý­nªº¤u§@¥Ø¿ý(work)¡A¦]¦¹³q±`¦w¸Ë¦n¤@­Ó®M¥ó«á¡A·|²M°£¦¹¼È¦s¥Ø¿ý¡A¥H¸`¬ÙµwºÐªÅ¶¡¡C
	    ¥H <filename role="package">editors/joe</filename> ¬°¨Ò¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/joe</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make clean</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¦pªG¬O§Æ±æ²M°£©Ò¦³ ports ªº¼È¦s¥Ø¿ý¡A«h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make clean</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¦pªG¬O§Æ±æ²M°£©Ò¦³ ftp ¤ÀÃþªº¼È¦s¥Ø¿ý¡A«h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/ftp</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make clean</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-distclean">
	  <para>¦p¦ó²M²z ports ½s¿è´Á¶¡©Ò²£¥Íªº¼È¦s¸ê®Æ¡A¥H¤Î tarball ÀÉ¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦b <link linkend="make-clean">make clean</link> ¶È¥u¬O²M°£½s¿è´Á¶¡©Ò»Ý­nªº¤u§@¥Ø¿ý(work)¡A¨Ã¨S¦³±N½sĶ
	    ports ®É¤@¨Ö¤U¸üªº tarball §R°£(¬Û¹ïÀ³¤§ tarball ¹w³]·|¦s©ñ¦b <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>)
	    ¦pªG·Q§â tarball ¤@¨Ö²M°£ªº¸Ü¡A¥H <filename role="package">editors/joe</filename> ¬°¨Ò¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/joe</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make distclean</userinput></screen>

	  <para><userinput>make distclean</userinput> ªº¨BÆJ¥]§t¤F <userinput>make clean</userinput>
	    ªº¥\¯à¡A¤]´N¬O»¡°£¤F·|§R°£ tarball ¥~¡AÁÙ·|¤@¨Ö²M°£½sĶ®Éªº¼È¦s work ¥Ø¿ý¡C</para>

	  <para>¦pªG¬O§Æ±æ²M°£©Ò¦³ ports ªº¼È¦s work ¥Ø¿ý¤Î tarball¡A«h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make distclean</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¦Ó¦pªG¬O§Æ±æ²M°£©Ò¦³ ftp ¤ÀÃþªº work ¥Ø¿ý¤Î tarball¡A«h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/ftp</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make distclean</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-depends-list">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¦b¦w¸Ë ports «e¬d¸ß©Ò¨Ì¿àªº¬ÛÃö®M¥ó¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦b¦w¸Ë ports «e¡A¥i¥H¬d¸ß©Ò¨Ì¿àªº¬ÛÃö®M¥ó¡C
	    ¥H <filename role="package">mail/p5-Mail-SpamAssassin</filename> ¬°¨Ò¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/mail/p5-Mail-SpamAssassin</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make all-depends-list</userinput></screen>
	  <para><userinput>make all-depends-list</userinput> Åã¥Ü¦¹®M¥ó©Ò¦³¬Û¨Ìªº®M¥ó¡C</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/mail/p5-Mail-SpamAssassin</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make pretty-print-build-depends-list</userinput></screen>
	  <para><userinput>make all-depends-list</userinput> Åã¥Ü¦¹®M¥ó¦b½sĶ´Á¶¡©Ò»Ý­nªº®M¥ó¡C</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/mail/p5-Mail-SpamAssassin</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make pretty-print-run-depends-list</userinput></screen>
	  <para><userinput>make all-depends-list</userinput> Åã¥Ü¦¹®M¥ó­n°õ¦æ®É©Ò»Ý­nªº®M¥ó¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-deinstall">
	  <para>¦p¦ó²¾°£¤w¦w¸Ëªº ports¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¥H <filename role="package">editors/joe</filename> ¬°¨Ò¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/joe</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make deinstall</userinput></screen>

	  <para>©Î¬O¨Ï¥Î <userinput>pkg_delete</userinput>¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_delete joe-{version}</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¦³®É­Ô®M¥ó¤§¶¡ªº¬Û¨Ì©Ê·|¾É­PµLªkª½±µ²¾°£¡A¦pªG­n±j¨î²¾°£ªº¸Ü¡A«h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_delete -f joe-{version}</userinput></screen>
	  <para>¦ý½Ðª`·N¡G«Ü¦³¥i¯à·|¾É­P¨ä¥¦¬Û¨Ì¨ì³o³nÅ骺®M¥ó°õ¦æ°_¨Ó¥X²{°ÝÃD¡C</para>
	  <para>¦Ü©ó¤GªÌªº®t§O¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <link linkend="deinstall-vs-pkg-delete">make deinstall »P pkg_delete ¦³¤°»ò¤£¦P</link></para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-deinstall-depends">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¤@¨Ö²¾°£©Ò¬Û¨Ìªº ports¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¥H <filename role="package">sysutils/portupgrade</filename> ¬°¨Ò¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/sysutils/portupgrade</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make deinstall-depends</userinput></screen>

	  <para>°õ¦æ¦¹¨BÆJ«e¡A½Ðª`·N¬O§_·|²¾°£¨ä¥L®M¥ó¤]¦³¦@¦P¬Û¨Ìªº³¡¤À¡C«Øij¥ý°Ñ¦Ò
	    <link linkend="make-depends-list">make-depends-list</link> ªº¤èªk¨ÓÀˬd¡C</para>

          <para>©Î¬O¨Ï¥Î</para>
	  <screen><userinput>pkg_delete</userinput></screen>
	  <para>³o¼Ë­Y¤´¦³¬Û¨Ì¸Ó®M¥óªº¸Ü¡A·|¥ýĵ§i¦Ó¤£·|²¾°£¡C°£«D¦³¥t¥~¥[¤F -f °Ñ¼Æ¨Ó±j¨î²¾°£¡C</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_delete -r portupgrade-{version}</userinput></screen>
	  <para>¦Ü©ó¤GªÌªº®t§O¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <link linkend="deinstall-vs-pkg-delete">make deinstall »P pkg_delete ¦³¤°»ò¤£¦P</link></para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-reinstall">
	  <para>¦p¦ó­«·s¦w¸Ë¤w¦w¸Ë¹Lªº ports¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>­«·s¦w¸Ëªº«e´£¬O¡G¤§«e¦³¦w¸Ë¹L©Î¥Ø«e¤w¦w¸Ë¡C¥H <filename role="package">editors/joe</filename> ¬°¨Ò¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/joe</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make deinstall clean install</userinput></screen>

	  <para>©Î¬O</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/joe</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make reinstall</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-search">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¥HÃöÁä¦r·j´M ports¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦pªG­n±q¥þ³¡ªº ports collection ¤¤§ä´M»PÃöÁä¦r "ldap" ¦³Ãöªº ports¡A«h¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make search key=ldap</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¦pªG¥u­n±q»P ftp ¬ÛÃöªº ports ¤U§ä´M»PÃöÁä¦r "ldap" ¦³Ãöªº ports¡A«h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/ftp</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make search key=ldap</userinput></screen>

	  <para>ÁÙ¦³¥t¤@­Ó¥Îªk¡A¤èªk¥u¬O±N key ´«¦¨ name¡C¦pªG¤w¸gª¾¹D­n·j´M ports ªº¦WºÙ¡A©Î¥u·Q§ä¦WºÙ¬ÛÃöªºÃöÁä¦r "ldap"¡A «h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make search name=ldap</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="upgrade-ports">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¤É¯Å¤w¦w¸Ëªº ports¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦pªG¤w¸g¦w¸Ë®M¥ó¡A¨Æ«á±ý¤É¯Åªº¸Ü¡A¥²¶·¥ý²¾°£Âª©ªº port¡C¥H <filename role="package">editors/joe</filename> ¬°¨Ò¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/joe</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make clean reinstall</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="pkg-info">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¬d¸ß¥Ø«e¨t²Î¦w¸Ë¤F­þ¨Ç®M¥ó¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¬d¸ß¥Ø«e¨t²Î¤w¦w¸Ëªº¥þ³¡®M¥ó¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="pkg-info-grep">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¬d¸ß¥Ø«e¨t²Î¦³¨S¦³¦w¸Ë³o­ÓÃöÁä¦rªº®M¥ó¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>°²³]­n§äªºÃöÁä¦r¬O joe ªº¸Ü¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info | grep joe</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="pkg-info-W">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¬d¸ß¬Y­ÓÀɮ׬OÄÝ©ó­þ¨Ç®M¥ó¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦pªG·Q¬d¸ß <filename>/usr/local/bin/joe</filename> ¬OÄÝ©ó­þ­Ó®M¥óªº¸Ü¡A«h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info -W /usr/local/bin/joe</userinput></screen>
	  <para>¦pªG¨S¦³¦^¶Ç¥ô¦ó¸ê°Tªº¸Ü¡A¥NªíµÛ³o­ÓÀɮ׬O¥Ñ FreeBSD ¤º«Øªº¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="pkg-info-L">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¬d¸ß¬Y­Ó®M¥ó¦w¸Ë¤F­þ¨ÇÀɮסH</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦pªG·Q¬d¸ß¥Ø«e¨t²Î©Ò¦w¸Ëªº <filename role="package">joe</filename> ¥]§t¤F­þ¨ÇÀɮסA«h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info -L /var/db/pkg/joe-{version}</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="reinstall-upgrade">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¦w¸Ëª©ªº ports¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦³®É­Ô·|¦]¬°¬Û¨Ì©Ê¡A©Î¬O·sª©¦³°ÝÃD¡A¦Ó·|·Q¸Ëª©¥»ªº®M¥ó¡C
	    ³o¸Ì¤¶²Ðªº¤èªk¬O§Q¥Î CVS ªº¦n³B¡A¦^Âk¨ì¥H«eª©¥»¦s¦bªº¤é¤l¡A¥H¦w¸Ëª©¥»ªº®M¥ó¡C</para>

	  <para>­º¥ý¡A­Y§Ú­Ì­n¦^´_¨ì¬Y¤@­Ó®M¥óªºª©¥»®É¡A»Ý­n¥h¬d¸ß FreeBSD ports CVS repository¡C
	    ³Ì±`¨£ªº´N¬O <ulink url="http://www.freshports.org/">Freshports</ulink> ºô¯¸¡B FreeBSD ªº
	    <ulink url="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/cvs-all/">Mailing FreeBSD cvs</ulink> ©Î¬O FreeBSD
	    <ulink url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/ports/">ports cvsweb</ulink>¡C</para>

	  <para>¬d¨ì¸Ó®M¥óª©¥»©Ò¨Ì¦sªº¤é¤l«á¡A´N­×§ï CVS tag¡C¤@¯ë¹w³] ports ªº CVS tag ·|¼g¦b <filename>/usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile</filename>
	    ¡A¦p­n¦^·¹¨ì 2002/10/05 ¸¹ªº¸Ü¡A«h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>vi /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>*default date=2002.10.05.00.00.00  #±N date §ï¦¨·í¤é</screen>

	  <para>µM«á«ö·Ó¤@¯ë CVSup ©Î csup ªº®É­Ô¤@¼Ë¡A°õ¦æ CVSup ©Î csup (make update)¡A¦¹®Éªº
	  ports collections ´N·|¦^¨ì·í®Éªº±¡§Î¡A¨º»ò¸Ó®M¥óªºÂª©¤]·|¥X²{¦b ports collections ¤¤¡A¥u­n¦w¸Ë§Y¥i¡C</para>

	  <para>¦pªG¶È¬O·Q¦^·¹¬Y³¡¥÷ªº ports¡A«h¥²¶·¥[¤WÃB¥~ªº¸ê°T¡A¦p¶È§Æ±æ§â <filename role="package">lang/perl5.8</filename> ¦^·¹¡A
	  ¦Ó§Ú­Ì±oª¾¦¹ÄÝ©ó lang ¤¤ªº¤@¤ä¡A«h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>vi /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>#ports-all #±N ports-all ¼Ð¥Ü°_¨Ó</screen>
	  <screen>ports-lang #¥[¤J³o¦æ</screen>
	  <para>³Ì«á¡A°õ¦æ CVSup ©Î csup ¡A¨Ã¦w¸Ë§Y¥i¡C¥Ø«e­Y§Æ±æ³æ¿W¦^·¹³æ¤@ªº port¡A«h¤ñ¸û³Â·Ð¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="upgrade-ports-mk">
	  <para>¦p¦ó§ó·s ports Mk¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>Mk (<filename>/usr/ports/Mk</filename>) ¬O½sĶ ports ®É©Ò°Ñ¦Òªº³]©w¡A¦³®É­Yµo¥Í ports collections ¤Ó·s¡A¦Ó¾É­P Mk ªº¤º®e¤£²Å¡A¦¹®É´N¬OÀ³¸Ó§ó·s Mk ªº®É­Ô¤F¡C</para>
	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput></screen>
	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make update</userinput></screen>
	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/share/mk</userinput></screen>
	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-use-sed-inplace">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¸Ñ¨M¦w¸Ë ports ®É¥X²{ sed -i ªº¿ù»~¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
		<para>¦]¬° BSD style ªº sed ¡A¤]´N¬O BSD ¥»¨­¦Û¦³ªº sed ¡A»P¤@¨Ç ports ½sĶ´Á¶¡©Ò°õ¦æªº sed ¤£¤@­P¡A©Ò¥H·|¾É­P¤@¨Ç»yªk¿ù»~¡C¦¹®É¥ý¦w¸Ë sed_inplace (<filename role="package">textproc/sed_inplace</filename>)¡AµM«á¦A¦w¸Ë­ì¥»µLªk¦w¸Ëªº ports¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make -DUSE_REINPLACE install</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="pkg-version">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¦C¥X©Ò¦³¥i¥H¤É¯Åªº ports¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>ports collection ªº§ó·s³t«×«Ü§Ö¡A¦b¨C¦¸§ó·s ports collections «á¡A©¹©¹·|¥X²{¤ñ¥Ø«e²{
		¦b¦w¸Ëªº®M¥óÁÙ·sªºª©¥»¡A¥i¥H¥O¨t²Î¦Û¦æ¾ã²z¨Ã´£¨Ñ¥i¤É¯Å®M¥óªº¦Cªí¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_version -c</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="grep-defined-makefile">
	  <para>¦p¦ó±oª¾ ports ©Ò´£¨Ñªº½sĶ°Ñ¼Æ¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>©Ò¦³ªº ports collections ¤¤©Ò´£¨Ñªº½sĶ°Ñ¼Æ³£·|¦b¹ïÀ³ªº Makefile Àɮפº¸Ô­z¡A
		  ¦p <filename role="package">sysutils/portupgrade</filename> ªº¸Ü¡A«h¬O¦ì¦b <filename>/usr/ports/sysutils/portupgrade/Makefile</filename>
		ÀɮפU¡C</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/sysutils/portupgrade</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make -DNOPORTDOCS install</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¨º»ò¦w¸Ë¦¹ ports ®É¡A·|±N NOPORTDOCS ©Ò¹ïÀ³ªº¬ÛÃö°Ñ¼Æ«ü©w¶i¥h¡C</para>
	  <para>¦³®É­Ô³]©w¸û¤H©Ê¤Æªº ports ·|¦b¦w¸Ë«e´£¨Ñ°Ñ¼Æ¨Ñ¿ï¾Ü¡A¦ý¬O¨ä¹ê¤j³¡¥÷ªº ports ³£¨S¦³´£
		  ¨Ñ¡A¦]¦¹¥²¶·¦Û¦æ¥h·j´M¥i½sĶªº°Ñ¼Æ¡A¦b¦¹§Ú´£¨Ñªº¤è¦¡¦p¤U¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/sysutils/portupgrade</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>grep defined Makefile</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¦p¦¹´X¥G¥i¥Hª¾¹D©Ò¦³´£¨Ñªº¥i½sĶ°Ñ¼Æ¡AÁöµM¦³®É·|¦h¥X¨ä¥¦ªº¸ê®Æ¡A¤£·|³o­Ó½T¹ê¬O¤@­Ó¤£
		  ¿ù¥i°Ñ¦Òªº¤è¦¡¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-configure-args">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¤â°Ê¥[¤J½sĶ ports ªº°Ñ¼Æ¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦b <link linkend="grep-defined-makefile">«e­±©Ò­z</link> ªº¤èªk¡A¬O ports collections ¦³´£¨Ñªº«e´£¤§¤U¡A¦³®É­Ô¨Ã¤£¬O©Ò¦³¸Ó³nÅé©Ò¤ä´©ªº°Ñ¼Æ³£·|¦¬¯Ç¦b ports collections ¤¤¡A¦]¦¹¦³®É­Ô·|»Ý­n¤â°Ê¥[¤J½sĶªº°Ñ¼Æ¡C</para>
	  <para>¦p ftp/pure-ftpd ¤¤¡A¦pªG¤£·Q§â inetd ªº¤ä´©½s¤Jªº¿ï¶µ¡A¨Ã¨S¦³³Q ports collections ©Ò¯Ç¤J¡A¦]¦¹¥²¶·¤â°Ê¥[¤W³o­Ó½sĶ°Ñ¼Æ¡A¦p¤U¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/ftp/pure-ftpd</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make CONFIGURE_ARGS+="--without-inetd" install</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-prefix">
	  <para>¦p¦ó«ü©w ports ªº¦w¸Ë¸ô®|¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¹w³] ports collecions ¤w¦w±Æ¦w¸Ëªº¸ô®| (<filename>/usr/local/</filename>)¡A¦pªG¤£·Q±N®M¥ó¦w¸Ë¦b¹w³]¸ô®|ªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H¤â°Ê«ü©w¦w¸Ë¸ô®|¡C¥H <filename role="package">editors/joe</filename> ¬°¨Ò¡A«h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/editors/joe</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make PREFIX=/usr install</userinput></screen>
	  <para>¨º»ò joe ´N·|±NÀÉ®×¹ïÀ³¦b /usr ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¹w³]ªº /usr/local ¥Ø¿ý¤U¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="force-pkg-register">
	  <para>¦w¸Ë ports ¥X²{ FORCE_PKG_REGISTER ªº¿ù»~°T®§</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Ohaha ªº <ulink url="http://ohaha.ks.edu.tw/faq-0003.htm">FAQ</ulink>¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="shared-object-not-found">
	  <para>¦w¸Ë ports ¥X²{ Shared object libintl.so.X not found ªº¿ù»~°T®§</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Ohaha ªº <ulink url="http://ohaha.ks.edu.tw/faq-0004.htm">FAQ</ulink>¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="pkg-add">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¦w¸Ë packages¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¥Ø«e FreeBSD ªº packages ¬O¥Ñ .tgz ©Ò¥´¥]¡C¦pªG·Q¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó packages ¡A¥i¨Ï¥Î pkg_add¡A¦p¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó joe ªº tgz¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add joe-{version}.tgz</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="pkg-add-force">
	  <para>¦p¦ó±j¨î¦w¸Ë packages¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¥Ñ©ó¦³¨Ç packages ·|¦³»P¨ä¥L packages ¬Û¨Ì©ÊªºÃö«Y¡A©Ò¥H¥²¶·¥ý¦æ¦w¸Ë¨º¨Ç packages ¤~
¯à¥¿±`¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
	  <para>¦pªG¶·­n±j¨î¦w¸Ë packages ¡A¥i¥H¤£¶·¦w¸Ë¨º¨Ç¦³¬Û¨Ì©Ê packages ¡A¦ý­nª`·Nªº¬O±j¨î¦w¸Ë
ªºµ²ªG¥i¯à·|¾É­P°õ¦æ©Î¹B§@ªº¤£¥¿±`¡C±j¨î¦w¸Ë packages ªº«ü¥O¦p¤U¡A¦p±j¨î¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó joe ªº tgz¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -f joe-{version}.tgz</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="pkg-info-r">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¬d¸ß packages »P¨ä¥L packages ¤§¶¡ªº¬Û¨Ì©Ê¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¥Ñ©ó¦³¨Ç packages ·|¦³»P¨ä¥L packages ¬Û¨Ì©ÊªºÃö«Y¡A©Ò¥H¥²¶·¥ý¦æ¦w¸Ë¨º¨Ç packages ¤~
¯à¥¿±`¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
	  <para>¬d¸ß packages »P¨ä¥L packages ¤§¶¡ªº¬Û¨Ì©Êªº«ü¥O¦p¤U¡A¦p¬d¸ß»P portupgrade ¬Û¨Ìªº¨ä¥L packages¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info -r portupgrade-{version}.tgz</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="pkg-add-r">
	  <para>¦p¦ó¦w¸Ë»·ºÝªº packages¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>¦³¨âºØ³]©w¤è¦¡¡A­º¥ý¬O PACKAGEROOT¡A¦p¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>setenv PACKAGEROOT ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¥t¤@ºØ¤è¦¡¬O³]©w PACKAGESITE¡A¦n³B¬O­Y¸Ó¯¸¥xªº packages ­ÜÀx¨Ã¤£¬O²Å¦X©x¤èªº³]©w©Î§A
·Q¦Û¤v«ü©w¤@­Ó¸ô®|¡C</para>
	  <para>¥H ftp.tw.freebsd.org i386 ªº current pakcages ¬°¨Ò¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>setenv PACKAGESITE ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-current/Latest/</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¨âºØ¤è¦¡¿ï¾Ü¨ä¤¤¤@ºØ¬Ò¥i¡A±µ¤U¨Óªº¨BÆJ³£¤@¼Ë¡C</para>
	  <para>©¹«á­n¦w¸Ë packages ªº®É­Ô¡A¦p portupgrade ªº¸Ü¡A«h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r portupgrade</userinput></screen>

	  <para>«h¨t²Î·|¦Û°Ê©ó ftp.tw.freebsd.org §ì¨ú©Ò¦³»P portupgrade ¬Û¨Ìªº packages ¨Ã¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-index">
	  <para>¦p¦ó§ó·s INDEX ¹ï·Óªí¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>4.x ªº INDEX ¦ì©ó <filename>/usr/ports/INDEX</filename>¡A5.x ¦ì©ó <filename>/usr/ports/INDEX-5</filename>¡A¥H¦¹Ãþ±À¡C</para>
	  <para>INDEX ¬O¹ï·Ó ports ©Ò¦³¬Û¨Ìµ¥¸ê°Tªº¹ï·Óªí¡A­Yªø´Á¥¼§ó·sªº¸Ü¡A·|¾É­P ports ¹ï·Ó¥¢±Ñ¡C
©x¤è¦³©w´Á§ó·s INDEX¡A¦pªG·Q¦Û¦æ§ó·sªº¸Ü¡A«h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make index</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¦pªG·Qª½±µ¤U¸ü©x¤è³Ì·sªº INDEX¡A«h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make fetchindex</userinput></screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="make-readmes">
	  <para>¦p¦ó§ó·s INDEX HTML¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>FreeBSD ´£¨Ñ¤F¥Îºô­¶ªº¤è¦¡¨ÓÆ[¬Ý ports collection¡A§Y¥i¨Ï¥Î lynx, w3m, links ©Î¨ä¥¦¥iÂsÄýºô­¶ªºµ{¦¡¨Ó¬d¾\¡C»s§@¥þ³¡ ports collection ªº¤è¦¡¦p¤U¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make readmes</userinput></screen>

	  <para>¦pªG¬O¶È¶·­n°µ¥Ø«e¥Ø¿ý¤Uªº¸ê°T¡A©Î³æ¤@§ó·s¬Y¤@¤ÀÃþ¤Uªº¸ê°T¡A¦p /usr/ports/ftp ªº¸Ü¡A«h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/ftp</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make readme</userinput></screen>
	  <para>«h¶È·|§ó·s /usr/ports/ftp ³o­Ó¥Ø¿ýªº¸ê°T¡A¨ä¤W»P¨ä¤Uªº¥Ø¿ý¬Ò¤£·|§ó°Ê¨ì¡C°õ¦æ¦¨¥\«á¡A·|¦b¬Û¹ïÀ³ªº¥Ø¿ý¤U²£¥Í README.html ªºÀɮסC</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="sup-refuse">
	  <para>¦p¦ó°w¹ï¬Y¨Ç ports ¤£°µ ports update¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>­Y ports ©³¤Uªº¬Y¨Ç¤ÀÃþ§¹¥þ¥Î¤£¨ì¡A«h¥i¥H¦b ports update ®É¡A¤£°µ§ó·s¡A¥H¸`¬Ùºô¸ôÀW¼e»P®É¶¡¡C¥u­n­×§ï <filename>/usr/sup/refuse</filename> ³o­ÓÀÉ¡C</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ports/french</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ports/german</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ports/lang/perl5.8</userinput></screen>
	  <para>«h¤W¦C¥Ø¿ý±N¤£·|§ó·s¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="deinstall-vs-pkg-delete">
	  <para>make deinstall »P pkg_delete ¦³¤°»ò¤£¦P¡H</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>²³æ¨Ó»¡¡Amake deinstall ·|²¾°£¸Ó port¡A¨Ã¥B¤£·|°Ñ·Ó¨ä¬Û¨Ìªº¬ÛÃö®M¥ó¡C</para>
	  <para>pkg_delete ¦b²¾°£¸Ó port «e¡A·|°Ñ·Ó¨ä¬Û¨Ìªº¬ÛÃö®M¥ó¡A¨Ã¥B pkg_delete ¦³¤ä´© wild card ¡A¦p­n²¾°£©Ò¦³ p ¶}ÀYªº ports¡A«h¡G</para>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /var/db/pkg</userinput></screen>
	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_delete p*</userinput></screen>

	  <para>­nª`·Nªº¬O¡A¦pªG¨Ï¥Î make deinstall¡A«h³Ì¦n½T©w¨t²Î¥Ø«e©Ò¦w¸Ëªºª©¥»¡A»P ports collection ¤¤Åã¥Üªºª©¥»²Å¦X¡A§_«h¦³¥i¯à·|¥X²{«D¹w´Á©Ê¿ù»~¡F¦Ó pkg_delete ¬O¦]¬°ª½±µ
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	  <para>¦]¦¹¡A´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A·í¨t²Î©Ò¦w¸Ëªºª©¥»²Å¦X ports collections ¤¤ªºª©¥»¡A«h¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î make deinstall ©Î pkg_delete¡A§_«hªº¸Ü³Ì¦n¥Î pkg_delete¡C</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

    </qandaset>
  </chapter>

  &bibliography;
</book>