path: root/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/ports/chapter.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="big5"?>
<!--
     The FreeBSD Documentation Project

     $FreeBSD$
     Original revision: 1.273
-->

<chapter id="ports">
  <title>³nÅé®M¥óºÞ²z½g¡GPackages ¤Î Ports ¾÷¨î</title>

  <sect1 id="ports-synopsis">
    <title>·§­z</title>

    <indexterm><primary>ports</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm><primary>packages</primary></indexterm>
    <para>¾¨ºÞ FreeBSD ¦b base system ¤w¥[¤F«Ü¦h¨t²Î¤u¨ã¡C
      µM¦Ó¡A¦b¹ê°È¹B¥Î¤W¡A±z¥i¯à¤´»Ý­n¦w¸ËÃB¥~ªº³nÅé¡C
      FreeBSD ´£¨Ñ¤F 2 ºØ¦w¸ËÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº®M¥óºÞ²z¨t²Î¡JPorts Collection
      (¥H soucre ¨Ó½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë) ©M package(¹w¥ý½sĶ¦nªº binary ÀÉ)¡C
      ¤W­zªº¤è¦¡¡AµL½×­n¥Î­þ¤@ºØ¡A³£¥i¥H¥Ñ¹³¬O CDROM
      µ¥©Îºô¸ô¤W¨Ó¦w¸Ë·Q¸Ëªº³Ì·sª©³nÅé¡C</para>

    <para>Ū§¹³o³¹¡A±z±N¤F¸Ñ¡G</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>¦p¦ó¥H packages ¨Ó¦w¸Ë³nÅé¡C</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>¦p¦ó¥H ports ¨Ó¦w¸Ë³nÅé¡C</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>¤w¦w¸Ëªº packages ©Î ports ­n¦p¦ó²¾°£¡C</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>¦p¦ó§ó§ï(override) ports collection ©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº¹w³]­È¡C</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>¦p¦ó¦b®M¥óºÞ²z¨t²Î¤¤¡A§ä¥X·Q¸Ëªº³nÅé¡C</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>¦p¦ó¤É¯Å¤w¦w¸Ëªº³nÅé¡C</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="ports-overview">
    <title>¦w¸Ë³nÅ骺¦UºØ¤è¦¡¤¶²Ð</title>

    <para>³q±`­n¦b &unix; ¨t²Î¤W¦w¸Ë³nÅé®É¡A¦³´X­Ó¨BÆJ­n§@¡G</para>

    <procedure>
      <step>
	<para>¥ý¤U¸ü¸Ó³nÅéÀ£ÁYÀÉ(tarball)¡A¦³¥i¯à¬O­ì©l½X©Î¬O binary °õ¦æÀÉ¡C
	  </para>
      </step>

      <step>
	<para>¸Ñ¶}¸ÓÀ£ÁYÀÉ¡C(³q±`¬O¥H
	  &man.compress.1; , &man.gzip.1; ©Î &man.bzip2.1; À£ÁYªº)</para>
      </step>

      <step>
	<para>¾\Ū¬ÛÃö¤å¥óÀÉ¡A¥H¤F¸Ñ¦p¦ó¦w¸Ë¡C(³q±`ÀɦW¬O
	  <filename>INSTALL</filename> ©Î <filename>README</filename>
	  ¡A©Î¦b <filename>doc/</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤Uªº¤@¨Ç¤å¥ó)</para>
      </step>

      <step>
	<para>¦pªG©Ò¤U¸üªº¬O­ì©l½X¡A¥i¯à­n¥ý­×§ï
	  <filename>Makefile</filename> ©Î¬O°õ¦æ
	  <command>./configure</command> ¤§Ãþªº script
	  ¡A±µµÛ¦A½sĶ¸Ó³nÅé¡C</para>
      </step>

      <step>
	<para>³Ì«á´ú¸Õ¦A´ú¸Õ»P¦w¸Ë¡C</para>
      </step>
    </procedure>

    <para>¦pªG¤@¤Á¶¶§Qªº¸Ü¡A´N³o»ò²³æ¡C
      ¦pªG¦b¦w¸Ë«D±Mªù³]­p(²¾´Ó)µ¹ FreeBSD ªº³nÅé®É¥X°ÝÃD¡A
      ¨º¥i¯à»Ý­n­×§ï¤@¤U¥¦ªºµ{¦¡½X¡A¤~¯à¥¿±`¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>

    <para>·íµM¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤W¨Ï¥Î¤W­zªº¶Ç²Î¤è¦¡¨Ó¦w¸Ë³nÅé¡A
      ¦ý¬O¡A§Ú­ÌÁÙ¦³§ó²³æªº¿ï¾Ü¡C
      FreeBSD ´£¨Ñ¤F¨âºØ¬Ù¨Æªº³nÅéºÞ²z¾÷¨î¡G packages ©M ports¡C
      ´N¦b¼g³o½g¤å³¹ªº®É­Ô¡A
      ¤w¸g¦³¶W¹L &os.numports; ­Ó port ³nÅé¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>

    <para>©Ò¿×ªº FreeBSD package ´N¬O§O¤H§â¸ÓÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡½sĶ¡B¥´¥]§¹²¦¡C
      ¸Ó package ·|¥]¬A¸ÓÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº©Ò¦³°õ¦æÀÉ¡B³]©wÀÉ¡B¤å¥óµ¥¡C
      ¦Ó¤U¸ü¨ìµwºÐ¤Wªº package ³£¥i³z¹L FreeBSD ®M¥óºÞ²z«ü¥O¨Ó¶i¦æºÞ²z¡A¤ñ¦p¡G
      &man.pkg.add.1;¡B&man.pkg.delete.1;¡B&man.pkg.info.1; µ¥«ü¥O¡C
      ©Ò¥H¡A¥u»Ý²³æ¥´­Ó«ü¥O´N¥i»´ÃP¦w¸Ë·sªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¤F¡C</para>

    <para>¦Ó FreeBSD port «h¬O¥Î¤@¨ÇÀɮסA¨Ó¦Û°Ê³B²zÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº¦w¸Ë¬yµ{¡C</para>

    <para>½Ð°O¦í¡G¦pªG¥´ºâ¦Û¤v¨Ó½sĶªº¸Ü¡A»Ý­n°õ¦æ«Ü¦h¾Þ§@¨BÆJ
      (¤U¸ü¡B¸ÑÀ£¡Bpatch¡B½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë)¡C
      ¦Ó port ©O¡A«h¬O²[»\©Ò¦³»Ý­n§¹¦¨³o¨Ç¤u§@ªº¥²³Æ¨BÆJ¡A
      ©Ò¥H¥u»Ý¥´¤@¨Ç²³æªº«ü¥O¡A¨º¨Ç­ì©lµ{¦¡½X´N·|¦Û°Ê¤U¸ü¡B¸ÑÀ£¡B
      patch¡B½sĶ¡Aª½¦Ü¦w¸Ë§¹²¦¡C</para>

    <para>¨Æ¹ê¤W¡Aports ¾÷¨îÁÙ¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó²£¥Í packages¡A¥H«K¥L¤H¥i¥H¥Î
      <command>pkg_add</command> ¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡A
      ©Î¬Oµy«á·|¤¶²Ð¨ìªº¨ä¥L®M¥óºÞ²z«ü¥O¡C</para>

    <para>¦Ó packages ¥H¤Î ports ¥¦­Ì³£¬O¤@¼Ë·|»{
      <emphasis>dependencies(³nÅé¬Û¨ÌÃö«Y)</emphasis>¡C
      °²³]¡G±z·Q¦w¸Ë¬Yµ{¦¡¡A¦ý¥¦¦³¬Û¨Ì¥t¤@­Ó¤w¸Ëªº¨ç¦¡®w(library)¡A
      ¦Ó¦b FreeBSD ªº port ¥H¤Î package ³£¦³³oµ{¦¡¥H¤Î¸Ó¨ç¦¡®w¤F¡C
      ©Ò¥HµL½×¬O¥Î <command>pkg_add</command> «ü¥O©ÎªÌ port ¤è¦¡¨Ó¸Ë¸Óµ{¦¡¡A
      ³o¨âªÌ(package¡Bport)³£·|¥ýÀˬd¦³¨S¦³¸Ë¸Ó¨ç¦¡®w¡A
      ­Y¨S¦³´N·|¦Û°Ê¥ý¸Ë¸Ó¨ç¦¡®w¤F¡C</para>

    <para>³o¨âºØ§Þ³N³£«Ü¬Û¦ü¡A±z¥i¯à·|¦n©_¬°¤°»ò FreeBSD ·|§Ë¥X³o¨âºØ§Þ³N¨Ó©O¡C
      ¨ä¹ê¡Apackages ©M ports ³£¦³¥¦­Ì¦U¦Ûªºªø³B¡A
      ¨Ï¥Î­þ¤@ºØ§¹¥þ¨ú¨M©ó±z¦Û¤vªº³ß¦n¡C</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <title>Package ¦n³B¦b©ó¡G</title>

      <listitem>
	<para>¦P¼Ë¬OÀ£ÁY¹Lªº package »P­ì©l½X tarball ¬Û¤ñ¡A
	  «eªÌ³q±`·|¤ñ«áªÌ¤p¦h¤F¡C</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>package ¨Ã¤£»Ý¦A¶i¦æ½sĶ¡C
	  ¹ï¤j«¬À³¥Îµ{¦¡¦p <application>Mozilla</application>¡B
	  <application>KDE</application>¡B
	  <application>GNOME</application> ¦Ó¨¥¡A³oÂIÅã±o¬Û·í­«­n¡A
	  ¤×¨ä¬O¨Ï¥Î³t«×½wºCªº¾÷¾¹¡C</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>¤£»Ý­nÁA¸Ñ¦p¦ó¦b FreeBSD ¤W½sĶ³nÅ骺¬ÛÃö²Ó¸`¹Lµ{¡A
	  §Y¥i¨Ï¥Î package¡C</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <itemizedlist>
      <title>Ports ¦n³B¦b©ó¡G</title>

      <listitem>
	<para>¬°¤FÅý package ¯à¦b¤j¦h¼Æ¨t²Î¤W¶¶§Q°õ¦æ¡A
	  ³q±`¦b½sĶ®É·|¨Ï¥Î¤ñ¸û«O¦uªº¿ï¶µ¡C  µM¦Ó¡A
	  ³z¹L port ¦w¸Ëªº¸Ü¡A«h¥i°w¹ï¯S©wÀô¹Ò(¤ñ¦p¡G Pentium 4 ©Î Athlon CPU)
	  ¨Ó½Õ¾ã¿ï¶µ¡A¥H²Å¦X»Ý¨D¡C</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>¦³¨Çµ{¦¡¦b½sĶ®É¡A·|¦³¤@¨Ç¿ï¶µ¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü¡C
	  Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A<application>Apache</application>
	  ¥i¥H³]©w¤@¤j°ïªº½sĶ¿ï¶µ¡C  ­Y³z¹L port ¨Ó¦w¸Ëªº¸Ü¡A
	  ·|¤ñ¸û¼u©Ê¦h¤F¡A¥i¥H¦Û¤v¿ï¦Ó¤£¥²¨Ï¥Î¹w³]ªº½sĶ¿ï¶µ¡C</para>

	<para>¦b¬Y¨Ç±¡ªp¡A¦P¼Ëªºµ{¦¡¦ý¤£¦P½sĶ¿ï¶µ¡A«h·|¤À¦¨¤£¦Pªº package¡C
	  ¤ñ¦p¡G
	  <application>Ghostscript</application> ·|¦]¬°¬O§_­n¸Ë X11 server¡A
	  ¦Ó¹º¤À¬° <filename>ghostscript</filename> ¥H¤Î
	  <filename>ghostscript-nox11</filename> ³o¨âºØ package¡C
	  ¦p¦¹ªº½Õ¾ã¹ï package ºâ¬O¥i¦¨¥ßªº¡A
	  ¦ý­Y¸Óµ{¦¡¦³¤@­Ó¥H¤W©Î¨âºØ¤£¦Pªº½sĶ¿ï¶µ®É¡A
	  ³o¹ï package ´N¨S¿ìªk¤F¡C</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>¬Y¨Ç³nÅ骺¸T¤î¥H binary ¤è¦¡´²§G¡A
	  ©ÎªÌ»¡¥²¶·¥H­ì©l½X¤è¦¡´²§G¤~¥i¡C</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>¦³¨Ç¤H¨Ã¤£«H¥ô binary ®M¥ó¾÷¨î¡A¦]¬°¥L­Ìı±o¦Ü¤Ö¦³­ì©l½X¡A
	  (²z½×¤W)´N¥i¥H¦Û¤vÀ˾\¡A¨Ã´M§ä¬O§_¦³¼ç¦bªº°ÝÃD¡C</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>­Y­n¹ï³nÅé¥[¤W¦Û¤v§ï¹Lªº patch¡A
	  ¨º»ò´N¥²¶·­n¥ý¦³­ì©l½X¤~¯à¥h¤W¬ÛÃö patch ­×¥¿¡C</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>¦³¨Ç¤H³ßÅw¦³­ì©l½X¦b¤âÃä¡A
	  ©Ò¥H¥L­ÌµL²á®É´N¥i¥H¦Û¤v¾\Ū¡BÆp¬ã¡B­É¥Î
	  (·íµM­n²Å¦X­ì©l½X¥»¨­ªº±ÂÅv³W©w)­ì©l½Xµ¥µ¥¡C</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>­Y·Qª`·N port §ó·s°ÊºAªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H­q¾\
      &a.ports; ¥H¤Î &a.ports-bugs;¡C</para>

    <warning>
      <para>¦b¦w¸Ë³nÅé«e¡A³Ì¦n¥ý¬Ý <ulink
	url="http://vuxml.freebsd.org/"></ulink> ¤º¬O§_¦³¸Ó³nÅ骺¦w¥þº|¬}³q³ø¡C
      </para>

      <para>¦¹¥~¡A¤]¥i¥H¸Ë <filename
	role="package">ports-mgmt/portaudit</filename>¡A¥¦·|¦Û°ÊÀˬd©Ò¦³¤w¸Ëªº
	ªº³nÅé¬O§_¦³¤wª¾ªº¦w¥þº|¬}¡A¥t¥~¡A¥¦ÁÙ·|¦b¸Ë³nÅ骺½sĶ¹Lµ{«e¥ý¦æÀˬd¡C
	¤]¥i¥H¦b¸Ë¤F¬Y¨Ç³nÅ餧«á¡A¥Î <command>portaudit -F -a</command>
	¨Ó§@¥þ­±±j¨î¦wÀË¡C</para>
    </warning>

    <para>¥»³¹±µ¤U¨Ó±N¤¶²Ð¦p¦ó¦b FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î package ¤Î port ¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡BºÞ²z
      third-party ³nÅé¡C</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="ports-finding-applications">
    <title>´M§ä·Q¸Ëªº³nÅé</title>

    <para>¦b¦w¸Ë¥ô¦ó³nÅ餧«e¡A§A¥²¶·¥ý¤F¸Ñ§A·Q­n¤°»òªº³nÅé¡A
      ¥H¤Î¸Ó³nÅé¥s°µ¤°»ò¦WºÙ¡C</para>

    <para>FreeBSD ¤W¥i¸Ëªº³nÅé²M³æ¤£Â_¦b¼W¥[¤¤¡A
      ¤£¹L¡A§Ú­Ì«Ü¼y©¯¦³´XºØ¤è¦¡¥i¥H¨Ó§ä§A·Q¸Ëªº³nÅé¡G</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>FreeBSD ºô¯¸¤W¦³§ó·sÀWÁcªº³nÅé²M³æ¡A¦b
	  <ulink
	  url="&url.base;/ports/index.html">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/
	  </ulink>¡C
	  ¦U ports ¬Ò¨Ì¨ä©Ê½è¦Ó¤Àªù§OÃþ¡A¬J¥i¥H³z¹L³nÅé¦WºÙ¨Ó·j´M
	  (¦pªGª¾¹D¦W¦rªº¸Ü)¡A
	  ¤]¥i¥H¦b¤ÀÃþ¤¤¦C¥X©Ò¦³¥i¥Îªº³nÅé¡C</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<indexterm><primary>FreshPorts</primary></indexterm>

	<para>¥Ñ Dan Langille ©ÒºûÅ@ FreshPorts ºô¯¸¡Aºô§}¦b <ulink
	  url="http://www.FreshPorts.org/"></ulink>¡C
	  FreshPorts ·|¤£Â_°lÂÜ port tree ¤¤ªº¦UºØÅܤơA
	  ¤]¥i¥H°w¹ï¬Y¨Ç port ¥H¦C¤J <quote>°lÂܦW³æ(watch)</quote> ¤º¡A
	  ·í¦³¥ô¦ó³nÅé¤É¯Å®É¡A´N·|µo email ´£¿ô¡C</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<indexterm><primary>FreshMeat</primary></indexterm>

	<para>¦pªG¤£ª¾¹D·Q¸Ëªº³nÅé¦WºÙ¡A¨º»ò¥i³z¹L¹³¬O FreshMeat (<ulink
	  url="http://www.freshmeat.net/"></ulink>) ³oÃþªººô¯¸¨Ó§ä¡A
	  ¦pªG§ä¨ì¤F¡A¥i¥H¦^ FreeBSD ºô¯¸¥h¬Ý¤@¤U³o­ÓÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¬O§_¤w¸g³Q
	  port ¶i¥h¤F¡C</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>­Yª¾¹D¸Ó port ªº¥¿½T¦WºÙ¡A¦ý¤£ª¾¹D©ñ¦b­þ­Ó¤ÀÃþ¥Ø¿ý¡A¥i¥H¥Î
	  &man.whereis.1; «ü¥O¨Ó§ä¥X¨Ó¡C  ¥u­n¥´ <command>whereis
	  <replaceable>file</replaceable></command> §Y¥i¡A¦Ó
	  <replaceable>file</replaceable> ªº¦a¤è½Ð§ï¬°·Q¸Ëªº³nÅé¦WºÙ¡C
	  ­Y§ä¨ì¸Ó³nÅé¡A´N·|§i¶D§A¡A´N¹³¤U­±³o¼Ë¡G</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>whereis lsof</userinput>
lsof: /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof</screen>

      <para>¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¡A´N·|ª¾¹D <command>lsof</command> (¨t²Î¤u¨ãµ{¦¡) ¬O©ñ¦b
	<filename>/usr/ports/sysutils/lsof</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¡C</para></listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>¦¹¥~¡A¤]¥i¥H¥Î &man.echo.1; »´ÃP§ä¥X¸Ó port ¬O¦ì©ó porte tree
	  ªº¦ó³B¡C  Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡G</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo /usr/ports/*/*lsof*</userinput>
/usr/ports/sysutils/lsof</screen>

	<para>½Ðª`·N¡A³o¤]·|Åã¥Ü <filename class="directory">/usr/ports/distfiles</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤º¦³²Å¦XÀɦWªºÀɮסC</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ÁÙ¦³¥t¤@©Û¡A´N¬O¥Î Ports Collection ¥»¨­¤º«Øªº·j´M¾÷¨î¡C
	  ­n¥Îªº®É­Ô¡A½Ð¥ý¤Á´«¨ì <filename>/usr/ports</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¡C
	  µM«á¡A¥´ <command>make search name=<replaceable>µ{¦¡¦WºÙ</replaceable></command>
	  ¡A¨ä¤¤ <replaceable>µ{¦¡¦WºÙ</replaceable> ½Ð§ï¬°·Q§äªº³nÅé¦WºÙ¡C
	  Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A­Y­n§äªº¬O <command>lsof</command> ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò´N¬O¡G</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make search name=lsof</userinput>
Port:   lsof-4.56.4
Path:   /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof
Info:   Lists information about open files (similar to fstat(1))
Maint:  obrien@FreeBSD.org
Index:  sysutils
B-deps:
R-deps: </screen>

      <para>³o¨Ç·j´Mµ²ªG¤¤¡A­nª`·Nªº¬O <quote>Path:</quote> ³o¦æ¡A
        ¦]¬°³o¦æ·|§i¶D§A¥i¥H¦b­þÃä§ä¨ì¸Ó port¡C
	¦Ó·j´Mµ²ªGªº¨ä¥L³¡¤À¡A¦]¬°»P port ¦w¸Ë¸ûµLÃö«Y¡A©Ò¥H³o¸Ì´N¤£Á¿¤F¡C</para>

      <para>­Y­n§ó¹ý©³ªº·j´M¡A¨º»ò¥i¥H§ï¥Î <command>make
        search key=<replaceable>string</replaceable></command>¡A¨ä¤¤
        <replaceable>string</replaceable> ½Ð§ï¬°·Q·j´MªºÃöÁä¦r¡C
        ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó·|§ä port ¦WºÙ¡B³nÅ鲤¶(comments)¡B³nÅé±Ô­zÀÉ(descriptions)
        ¥H¤Î³nÅé¬Û¨ÌÃö«Y(dependencies)¸Ì­±¬O§_¦³²Å¦XÃöÁä¦r¡A
        ¦¹¥~¡A¤£²M·¡³nÅé¦WºÙªº¸Ü¡A¤]¥i¥H®³¨Ó§ä¦³²Å¦XÃöÁä¦r¥DÃDªº port¡C</para>

      <para>­èÁ¿ªº³o¨âºØ¤è¦¡¡A·j´M¦r²´³£¬O case-insensitive(¤£¥²°Ï¤À¤j¤p¼g)¡C
        ¤ñ¦p¡A·j´M <quote>LSOF</quote> »P <quote>lsof</quote>
	¨âªÌµ²ªG³£·|¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡C</para>
      </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="packages-using">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
        <author>
          <firstname>Chern</firstname>
	  <surname>Lee</surname>
	  <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
        </author>
      </authorgroup>
    <!-- 30 Mar 2001 -->
    </sect1info>

    <title>¨Ï¥Î Packages ºÞ²z¾÷¨î</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>Package ªº¦w¸Ë¤è¦¡</title>
      <indexterm>
        <primary>packages</primary>
        <secondary>installing</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm>
        <primary><command>pkg_add</command></primary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>¥i¥H¥Î &man.pkg.add.1; ±q¥»¾÷¤W©ÎªÌ³z¹Lºô¸ô¨Ó¦w¸Ë¥ô¤@
	FreeBSD package¡C</para>

      <example>
        <title>¤â°Ê¤U¸ü¡B¦w¸Ë Package</title>

        <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ftp -a <replaceable>ftp2.FreeBSD.org</replaceable></userinput>
Connected to ftp2.FreeBSD.org.
220 ftp2.FreeBSD.org FTP server (Version 6.00LS) ready.
331 Guest login ok, send your email address as password.
230-
230-     This machine is in Vienna, VA, USA, hosted by Verio.
230-         Questions? E-mail freebsd@vienna.verio.net.
230-
230-
230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
<prompt>ftp></prompt> <userinput>cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/sysutils/</userinput>
250 CWD command successful.
<prompt>ftp></prompt> <userinput>get lsof-4.56.4.tgz</userinput>
local: lsof-4.56.4.tgz remote: lsof-4.56.4.tgz
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for 'lsof-4.56.4.tgz' (92375 bytes).
100% |**************************************************| 92375       00:00 ETA
226 Transfer complete.
92375 bytes received in 5.60 seconds (16.11 KB/s)
<prompt>ftp></prompt> <userinput>exit</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add <replaceable>lsof-4.56.4.tgz</replaceable></userinput></screen>
      </example>

      <para>­Y¤âÃä¨S¦³ package ¨Ó·½(¹³¬O FreeBSD ¥úºÐ)ªº¸Ü¡A
        ¨º»ò«Øij¨Ï¥Î &man.pkg.add.1; ®É¡A¥[¤W <option>-r</option>
	¿ï¶µ¨Ó§ó»´ÃP¦w¸Ë package¡C¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¡A´N·|¦Û°Ê§PÂ_¥¿½Tªº package ®æ¦¡¡B
	¥H¤Î©Ò·f°tªº§@·~¨t²Î release ª©¥»¡A
	µM«á·|¦Û¤v±q FTP ¯¸§ì¦^¡B¦w¸Ë¬Û¹ïÀ³ªº package¡C
      </para>

      <indexterm>
        <primary><command>pkg_add</command></primary></indexterm>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r <replaceable>lsof</replaceable></userinput></screen>

      <para>¤W­±³o¨Ò¤l·|¦Û°Ê¤U¸ü¥¿½Tªº package ¨Ã¦w¸Ë¡C
	­Y·Q§ï´«¥Î¨ä¥L &os; Packages Mirror ¯¸¡A¨º»ò´N­n³]©w
	<envar>PACKAGESITE</envar> Àô¹ÒÅܼơA
	¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¤~·|¨ú¥N¹w³]³]©w¡C  &man.pkg.add.1;
	·|¥Î &man.fetch.3; «ü¥O¨Ó¤U¸üÀɮסA¦Ó &man.fetch.3;
	¥»¨­«h·|¨Ï¥Î¬ÛÃöÀô¹ÒÅܼƪº³]©w¡A
	¹³¬O¡G
	<envar>FTP_PASSIVE_MODE</envar>¡B<envar>FTP_PROXY</envar> ¥H¤Î
	<envar>FTP_PASSWORD</envar>¡C  ¦pªG§Aºô¸ôÀô¹Ò³B©ó firewall
	«á­±¡A©ÎªÌ»Ý­n¥Î FTP/HTTP proxy ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò´N»Ý­n³]©w¡C
	³]©w²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.fetch.3;¡C
	½Ðª`·N¡G¤W­±©Ò»¡ªº¨Ò¤l¬O¼g <literal>lsof</literal> ¦Ó«D
	<literal>lsof-4.56.4</literal>¡C  ·í¨Ï¥Î»·ºÝ§ì¨ú¥\¯à®É¡A¸Ó
	package ª©¸¹´N¤£¥²¥[¤W¥h¤F¡C
	&man.pkg.add.1; ·|¦Û°Ê¤U¸ü¸Ó³nÅ骺³Ì·sª©¦^¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡C</para>

      <note>
	<para>­Y¥Îªº¬O &os.current; ©Î &os.stable; ªº¸Ü¡A&man.pkg.add.1;
	  ·|¦Û°Ê¤U¸ü¸Ó³nÅé³Ì·sª©¦^¨Ó¡C
	  ­Y¥Îªº¬OÄÝ©ó -RELEASE ª©¥»¡A¨º»ò¥L·|§ì¦^ÄÝ©ó¸Ó release ¤W©Ò½sĶªº
	  package¡C
	  ¤]¥i¥H§ó§ï <envar>PACKAGESITE</envar> Àô¹ÒÅܼơA¥H§ïÅܤU¸ü¤è¦¡¡C
	  Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG¬O &os;&nbsp;5.4-RELEASE ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò &man.pkg.add.1;
	  ¹w³]·|±q
	  <literal>ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5.4-release/Latest/</literal>
	  ¨Ó§ì package¡C­Y­n±j¨î &man.pkg.add.1; ¤U¸ü &os;&nbsp;5-STABLE
	  ©Ò¥Îªº package¡A¨º»ò´N§â <envar>PACKAGESITE</envar> §ï³]¬°
	  <literal>ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5-stable/Latest/</literal>
	  §Y¥i¡C
	</para>
      </note>

      <para>Package Àɦ³ <filename>.tgz</filename> ¥H¤Î
	<filename>.tbz</filename> ¨âºØ®æ¦¡¡C
	³o¨Ç³£¥i³z¹L <ulink
	url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/"></ulink>
	¡A©ÎªÌ FreeBSD ¥úºÐ¤º¨ú±o¡C
	¨C±i 4 ¤ù¸Ëªº FreeBSD ¥úºÐ(¥H¤Î PowerPak ¥]µ¥µ¥)¤º³£·|¦b
	<filename>/packages</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤º©ñ package¡C
	¸Ì­±ªº¥Ø¿ý¬[ºcÃþ¦ü <filename>/usr/ports</filename> ªº¥Ø¿ý¬[ºc¡C
	¨C­Ó¤ÀÃþ³£¦U¦Û¦³±MÄݥؿý¡A¥B¨C¥÷ package ³£·|©ñ¦b
	<filename>All</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤º¡C
      </para>

      <para>package ¥Ø¿ý¬[ºc»P port ªº³£¤@­P¡F¥¦­Ì¦@¦Pºc¦¨¾ã­Ó package/port
	¨t²Î¾÷¨î¡C</para>

    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ºÞ²z Packages</title>

      <indexterm>
        <primary>packages</primary>
        <secondary>managing</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>&man.pkg.info.1; ¥i¥Î¨Ó¦C¥X©Ò¦³¤w¦w¸Ëªº³nÅé¡B³nÅ鲤¶¡C</para>

      <indexterm>
        <primary><command>pkg_info</command></primary>
      </indexterm>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info</userinput>
cvsup-16.1          A general network file distribution system optimized for CV
docbook-1.2         Meta-port for the different versions of the DocBook DTD
...</screen>
      <para>&man.pkg.version.1; «h¬O¦C¥X©Ò¦³¤w¦w¸Ëªº³nÅ骩¥»¡C
        ¥¦·|Åã¥Ü¤w¸Ëª©¥»¥H¤Î¥Ø«e¾÷¾¹¤W port tree ªºª©¥»®t²§¡C
      </para>
      <indexterm>
        <primary><command>pkg_version</command></primary>
      </indexterm>
        <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_version</userinput>
cvsup                       =
docbook                     =
...</screen>

      <para>²Ä¤GÄ檺²Å¸¹ªí¥Ü¡G¤w¦w¸Ëªº³nÅ骩¥»»P¥Ø«e¾÷¾¹¤W port tree
	ªºª©¥»®t²§¡C</para>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
        <tgroup cols="2">
	  <thead>
            <row>
              <entry>²Å¸¹</entry>
              <entry>¥Nªí·N¸q</entry>
            </row>
          </thead>

 	  <tbody>
  	    <row>
	    <entry>=</entry> <entry>¤w¸Ëªºª©¥»»P¥Ø«e¾÷¾¹¤W port tree
	      ªºª©¥»¬O¦P¤@ª©ªº¡C
	    </entry>
  	    </row>

        <row><entry>&lt;</entry>
	<entry>»P¥Ø«e¾÷¾¹¤W port tree ª©¥»¬Û¤ñ°_¨Ó¡A¤w¸Ëªºª©¥»¸û¡C</entry>
	</row>

        <row><entry>&gt;</entry><entry>»P¥Ø«e¾÷¾¹¤W port tree ª©¥»¬Û¤ñ°_¨Ó¡A
	  ¤w¸Ëªºª©¥»¸û·s¡C(¥i¯à¬O¥Ø«e¾÷¾¹¤W port tree ©|¥¼§ó·s¡C)</entry></row>

        <row><entry>?</entry><entry>¤w¸Ëªº³nÅé¦b ports ¯Á¤Þ¤º§äµL¬ÛÃö¸ê®Æ¡C
	  (³q±`¥i¯à¬O¡AÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡G¤w¦w¸Ëªº¸Ó port ¤w±q Ports Collection
	  ¤¤²¾°£©Î§ï¦W¤F¡C)
	  </entry></row>

        <row><entry>*</entry><entry>¸Ó³nÅé¦P®É¦³³\¦hª©¥»¡C</entry></row>

	</tbody>
	</tgroup>
    </informaltable>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>²¾°£¤w¦w¸Ëªº Package</title>
      <indexterm>
        <primary><command>pkg_delete</command></primary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm>
        <primary>packages</primary>
        <secondary>deleting</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>­Y­n²¾°£¤w¸Ëªº³nÅé¡A¨º»ò½Ð¦h§Q¥Î &man.pkg.delete.1; ¤u¨ã¡A¤ñ¦p¡G
      </para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_delete <replaceable>xchat-1.7.1</replaceable></userinput></screen>

      <para>½Ðª`·N &man.pkg.delete.1; ¶·­n©ñ¤W§¹¾ãªº³nÅé¦WºÙ¥H¤Îª©¥»¡A
	­Y¥u¿é¤J <replaceable>xchat</replaceable> ´N¤£¦æ¡A¥²¶·´«¦¨
	<replaceable>xchat-1.7.1</replaceable> ¤~¥i¡C  µM¦Ó¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¥Î
	&man.pkg.version.1; »´ÃP§ä¥X¤w¸Ëªº©Ò¦³³nÅ骩¥»¡A©ÎªÌ¥H wildcard
	(¸U¥Î¦r¤¸) ªº¤è¦¡¡G</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_delete <replaceable>xchat\*</replaceable></userinput></screen>

      <para>¥H¤W­±¨Ò¤l¦Ó¨¥¡A±N·|²¾°£©Ò¦³¥H <literal>xchat</literal>
	¶}ÀYªº³nÅé¡C</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>¨ä¥L²Ó¸`³¡¥÷</title>
      <para>©Ò¦³¤w¸Ëªº package ¸ê°T³£·|¦s¨ì <filename>/var/db/pkg</filename>
	¥Ø¿ý¤º¡A¦b¸Ó¥Ø¿ý¤U¥i¥H§ä¨ì°O¸ü¤w¸Ëªº³nÅéÀɮײM³æ¤Î¸Ó³nÅ鲤¶ªºÀɮסC
      </para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="ports-using">
    <title>¨Ï¥Î Ports ºÞ²z¾÷¨î</title>

    <para>¤U­±§Ú­Ì·|¤¶²Ð¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î Ports Collection ¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡B²¾°£³nÅ骺°ò¥»¥Îªk¡C
      ¦Ü©ó¨ä¥L¥i¥Îªº <command>make</command> ¸Ô²Ó¥Îªk»PÀô¹Ò³]©w¡A¥i°Ñ¾\
      &man.ports.7;¡C</para>

    <sect2 id="ports-tree">
      <title>°O±o¦w¸Ë Ports Collection</title>

      <para>¦b¦w¸Ë¥ô¤@ ports  ¤§«e¡A¥²¶·¥ý¸Ë¤W
	Ports Collection ¡X¡X ¥¦¥D­n¬O¥Ñ <filename>/usr/ports</filename> ¤º¤@°ï
	<filename>Makefiles</filename>, patches ¥H¤Î¤@¨Ç³nÅ鲤¶ÀÉ©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº¡C
      </para>

      <para>¦b¸Ë FreeBSD ®É¡A­Y§Ñ¤F¦b <application>sysinstall</application>
	¤º¤Ä¿ï­n¸Ë Ports Collection ªº¸Ü¡A
        ¨SÃö«Y¡A¥i¥H·Ó¤U¦C¤è¦¡¨Ó¦w¸Ë ports collection¡G</para>

      <procedure>
	<title>CVSup ¤è¦¡</title>

	<para>¨Ï¥Î <application>CVSup</application> ¬O¦w¸Ë¡B§ó·s Ports
	  Collection ªº§Ö³t¤èªk¤§¤@¡C
	  ­Y·Q§óÁA¸Ñ <application>CVSup</application> ¥Îªkªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <link
	  linkend="cvsup">¨Ï¥Î CVSup</link>¡C</para>

	<note>
	  <para><application>csup</application> ¬O¥H C »y¨¥¹ï
	    <application>CVSup</application> ³nÅ骺­«¼g¡A¦b &os; 6.2
	    ¤Î¤§«áª©¥»§Y¦³ªþ¦b¨t²Î¤º¡C  ¥i¥Hª½±µ¥Î¨t²Î©Òªþªº
	    <application>csup</application> §Y¥i¸õ¹L¨BÆJ¤@ªº°Ê§@¡A
	    ¨Ã±N¥»¤å¬ÛÃö´£¨ì <command>cvsup</command> ¤§³B¡A
	    ³£§ï¬° <command>csup</command> §Y¥i¡C  ¦¹¥~¡A &os; 6.2
	    ¤§«eªºª©¥»¡A«h¥i¸Ë <filename role="package">net/csup</filename>
	    ©ÎªÌ package ¨Ó¨Ï¥Î <application>csup</application>¡C</para>
	</note>

	<para>²Ä¤@¦¸¶] <application>CVSup</application> ¤§«e¡A½Ð¥ý½T»{
	  <filename class="directory">/usr/ports</filename>
	  ¬O°®²bªº¡I ­Y§A¤w¸g¸Ë¤F Ports Collection ¡A¦ý¤S¦Û¦æ¥[¤W¨ä¥L patch
	  ÀÉ¡A¨º»ò <application>CVSup</application>
	  ¨Ã¤£·|§R°£§A¦Û¦æ¥[¤Wªº patch ÀÉ¡A³o¼Ë¥i¯à·|¾É­P­n¦w¸Ë¬Y¨Ç³nÅé®É¡A
	  µo¥Í patch ¥¢±Ñ©Î½sĶ¥¢±Ñ¡C</para>

	<step>
	  <para>¦w¸Ë <filename role="package">net/cvsup-without-gui</filename>
	    package¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r cvsup-without-gui</userinput></screen>

	  <para>²Ó¸`¥Îªk½Ð°Ñ¾\ <link linkend="cvsup-install">¦w¸Ë CVSup</link>(<xref
	      linkend="cvsup-install"/>)¡C</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>°õ¦æ <command>cvsup</command>¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cvsup -L 2 -h <replaceable>cvsup.tw.FreeBSD.org</replaceable> /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile</userinput></screen>

	  <para>½Ð§â
	    <replaceable>cvsup.tw.FreeBSD.org</replaceable> ½Ð§ï¦¨Â÷§A¤ñ¸ûªñ
	    (§Ö)ªº <application>CVSup</application> ¥D¾÷¡C
	    ³o³¡¤À¥i¥H°Ñ¾\§¹¾ãªº <link linkend="cvsup-mirrors">CVSup mirror
	    </link> ¯¸¦Cªí(<xref linkend="cvsup-mirrors"/>)¡C</para>

	  <note>
	    <para>­Y·Q§ï¥Î¦Û¤v³]ªº
	      <filename>ports-supfile</filename>¡A¤ñ¦p»¡¡A
	      ¤£·Q¨C¦¸³£±o¥´«ü¥O¨Ó«ü©w©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº
	      <application>CVSup</application> ¥D¾÷¡C</para>

	    <procedure>
	      <step>
		<para>³oºØ±¡ªp¤U¡A½Ð¥H <username>root</username> Åv­­§â
		  <filename>/usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile</filename>
		  ½Æ»s¨ì¨ä¥L¦ì¸m¡A¤ñ¦p
		  <filename>/root</filename> ©ÎªÌ¦Û¤v±b¸¹ªº®a¥Ø¿ý¡C</para>
	      </step>

	      <step>
		<para>­×§ï·sªº <filename>ports-supfile</filename> ÀÉ¡C</para>
	      </step>

	      <step>
		<para>§â
		  <replaceable>CHANGE_THIS.FreeBSD.org</replaceable>
		  §ï¬°Â÷§A¤ñ¸ûªñ(§Ö)ªº <application>CVSup</application> ¥D¾÷¡C
		  ³o³¡¤À¥i¥H°Ñ¾\§¹¾ãªº <link linkend="cvsup-mirrors">CVSup
		  Mirrors</link> (<xref linkend="cvsup-mirrors"/>) ¯¸¦Cªí</para>
	      </step>

	      <step>
		<para>µM«á´N¶}©l¥HÃþ¦ü¤U¦C«ü¥O¶] <command>cvsup</command>¡G
		  </para>

		<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cvsup -L 2 <replaceable>/root/ports-supfile</replaceable></userinput></screen>
	      </step>
	    </procedure>
	  </note>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>°õ¦æ &man.cvsup.1; ¤§«á¡A´N·|¶}©l§ó·s Ports Collection¡C
	    ¤£¹L³o°Ê§@¥u¬O¡y§ó·s¡z¨Ã¤£¬O¡y¤É¯Å¡z¡A¤£·|§â¤w¸Ëªº³nÅé­«·s½sĶ¡B¤É¯Å¡C</para>
	</step>
      </procedure>

      <procedure>
	<title>Portsnap ¤è¦¡</title>

	<para>&man.portsnap.8; ¤]¬O§ó·s Ports Collection ªº¤è¦¡¤§¤@¡C
	  &os;&nbsp;6.0 °_¶}©l¤º«Ø Portsnap ¾÷¨î¡A¦Ó¸ûªº¨t²Î¡A«h¥i³z¹L
	  <filename role="package">ports-mgmt/portsnap</filename> port ¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡G
	  </para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r portsnap</userinput></screen>

	<para><application>Portsnap</application> ²Ó¸`¥\¯à¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\
	  <link linkend="portsnap">Portsnap ¨Ï¥Î½g</link>¡C</para>

	<step>
	  <para>­Y <filename
	    class="directory">/usr/ports</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤£¦s¦bªº¸Ü¡A
	    ´N«Ø¥ß¤@¤U§a¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /usr/ports</userinput></screen>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>±µ¤U¨Ó¡A¤U¸üÀ£ÁYªº Ports Collection ©w´Á§ó·sÀɨì
	    <filename class="directory">/var/db/portsnap</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¡C
	    §¹¦¨¤U¸ü«á¡A­nÂ_½u»P§_³£¥i¥H¡C</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap fetch</userinput></screen>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>­Y¬O²Ä¤@¦¸¶] <application>Portsnap</application> ªº¸Ü¡A
	    «h»Ý­n¥ý¸ÑÀ£¨ì <filename class="directory">/usr/ports</filename>¡G
	  </para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap extract</userinput></screen>

	  <para>­Y¤w¦³ <filename
	    class="directory">/usr/ports</filename> ¦Ó¥B¥u¬O·Q§ó·s¦Ó¤w¡A
	    ¨º»ò´N·Ó¤U­±§@¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap update</userinput></screen>
	</step>

      </procedure>

      <procedure>
	<title>Sysinstall ¤è¦¡</title>

	<para>³o¤è¦¡­n¥Î <application>sysinstall</application>
	  ³z¹L¦w¸Ë¨Ó·½¨Ó¸Ë Ports Collection¡C
	  ½Ðª`·N¡G©Ò¦w¸Ëªº Ports Collection ª©¥»¥u¬O¸Ó release
	  µo§G®Éªºª©¥»¦Ó¤w¡A¦Ó«D³Ì·s¡C
	  ­Y¯à¤Wºô(Internet)ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¨Ï¥Î¤W­z¤è¦¡¤§¤@·|¤ñ¸û¦n¡C</para>

	<step>
	  <para>¥H <username>root</username> Åv­­°õ¦æ
	    <command>sysinstall</command>
	    (¦b &os; 5.2 ¤§«eª©¥»«h¬O <command>/stand/sysinstall</command>)
	    ¡A¤è¦¡¦p¤U¡G</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysinstall</userinput></screen>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>½Ð¥H¤è¦VÁä²¾°Ê¿ï¾Ü¶µ¥Ø¡A¿ï¾Ü
	    <guimenuitem>Configure</guimenuitem>¡AµM«á«ö
	    <keycap>Enter</keycap> Áä¡C</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>¿ï¾Ü
	    <guimenuitem>Distributions</guimenuitem>¡AµM«á«ö
	    <keycap>Enter</keycap> Áä¡C</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>¿ï¾Ü <guimenuitem>ports</guimenuitem>¡AµM«á«ö
	    <keycap>Space</keycap> Áä¡C</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>¿ï <guimenuitem>Exit</guimenuitem>¡AµM«á«ö
	    <keycap>Enter</keycap> Áä¡C</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>¿ï¾Ü­n¥Îªº¦w¸Ë¨Ó·½¡A¤ñ¦p¡GCDROM(¥úºÐ)¡BFTP µ¥¤è¦¡¡C</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>¿ï <guimenuitem>Exit</guimenuitem>¡AµM«á«ö
	    <keycap>Enter</keycap> Áä¡C</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>«ö¤U <keycap>X</keycap> Áä´N¥iÂ÷¶}
	    <application>sysinstall</application> µ{¦¡¡C</para>
	</step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ports-skeleton">
      <title>Ports ªº¦w¸Ë¤è¦¡</title>

      <indexterm>
        <primary>ports</primary>
        <secondary>installing</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>´£¨ì Ports Collection¡A­º¥ý­n¥ý»¡©úªº¬O¡G¦ó¿×
	<quote>skeleton</quote>¡C
        ²³æ¨ÓÁ¿¡Aport skeleton ´N¬OÅý³nÅé¦p¦ó¦b FreeBSD
	¶¶§Q½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ëªº³Ì°ò¥»ÀɮײզX¡C
        ¨C¥÷ port skeleton °ò¥»¤W·|¦³¡G</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para><filename>Makefile</filename> ÀÉ¡C
	    ³o­Ó <filename>Makefile</filename> ¤º®e¦³¤À³\¦h³¡¤À¡A
	    ¬O¥Î¨Ó«ü©w­n¦p¦ó½sĶ¡A¥H¤Î¸Ó¸Ë¦b¨t²Îªº¦ó³B¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><filename>distinfo</filename> ÀÉ¡C
	    ½sĶ¸Ó³nÅé©Ò»Ý¤U¸üªºÀɮסBchecksum(¨Ï¥Î &man.md5.1; ¤Î
	    &man.sha256.1; ¨ÓÀËÅçÀÉ®×)³£·|°O¿ý¦b³oÀÉ¡A
	    ¥H½T«O©Ò¤U¸üªºÀɮ׬O¥¿½TµL»~ªº¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><filename>files</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¡C ³o¥Ø¿ý©ñªº¬OÅý³nÅ饿±`½sĶ¡B
	    ¦w¸Ëªº patch ÀÉ¡C
	    Patches ÀÉ°ò¥»¤W¬O¤@¨Ç¤pÀɮסA¨Ã°w¹ï¯S©wÀɮרӰµ­×§ï¡A
	    ¦Ó¥B¬O¯Â¤å¦rÀɮ榡¡A
	    °ò¥»¤W¤º®e³q±`·|¹³¬O <quote>Remove line 10(§R°£²Ä 10 ¦æ)</quote>
	    ©Î
	    <quote>Change line 26 to this ...(§â²Ä 26 ¦æ§ï¬°...)</quote>
	    ¤§Ãþªº¡C
	    ³o¨Ç Patches ³q±`¤]ºÙ¬° <quote>diffs</quote>
	    ¡A¦]¬°³£¬O¥Ñ &man.diff.1; µ{¦¡©Ò²£¥Íªº¡C</para>

	  <para>¦¹¥~¡A¥»¥Ø¿ý¤]¥i¯à·|©ñ¤@¨Ç¨ó§U½sĶ¸Ó port ªºÀɮסC</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><filename>pkg-descr</filename> ÀÉ¡A¤º®e¬O¤ñ¸û¸Ô²Óªº³nÅ餶²Ð¡A
	    ³q±`·|¼g±o¤ñ¸û¦h¦æ¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><filename>pkg-plist</filename> ÀÉ¡A¸Ó port
	    ·|¦w¸Ëªº©Ò¦³ÀɮײM³æ¡C
	    ¤]¬O§i¶D¨t²Î¦b²¾°£¸Ó port ®É¡A»Ý­n§R°£­þ¨ÇÀɮסC</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>¦³¨Ç port ÁÙ·|¦³¨ä¥LÀɮסA¹³¬O <filename>pkg-message</filename> ÀÉ¡C
        port ¨t²Î¦b¤@¨Ç±¡ªp®É¡A·|¥Î³o¨ÇÀɮסC
        ¦pªG·Qª¾¹D³o¨ÇÀɮתº§ó¦h²Ó¸`¥Î³~¡A¥H¤Î port ¤@¯ë¥Îªk¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ulink
        url="&url.books.porters-handbook;/index.html">FreeBSD Porter's
        Handbook</ulink>¡C</para>

      <para>port ¤º¼gªº¬O§i¶D¨t²Î¦p¦ó½sĶ source code ªº¬ÛÃö«ü¥O¡A
	¦ý¨Ã¤£¬O¯u¥¿ªº source code¡C
        ¦Ó source code ¥i¥H±q¥úºÐ©Îºô¸ô(Internet)¨Ó¨ú±o¡A
        ¸Ó³nÅé¶}µoªÌ¥i¯à·|§â source code ¥H¦UºØ®æ¦¡¨Óµo§G¡C
        ³q±`¬O¥H tar ¥H¤Î gzip ³o¨âªÌ¤u¨ã¤@°_À£ÁYªºÀɮסA
	¤]¦³¥i¯à¬O¥H¨ä¥L¤u¨ãÀ£ÁY¡A©Î®Ú¥»¨SÀ£ÁY¡C
	¦Ó³nÅ骺 source code µL½×¬O¥H­þ¤@ºØÀ£ÁYÀÉ«¬ºA¡A§Ú­Ì³£ºÙ¤§¬°
	<quote>distfile</quote>¡C
        ¤U­±±N¤¶²Ð¨âºØ¦w¸Ë &os; port ªº¤è¦¡¡C</para>

      <note>
        <para>­n¦w¸Ë port ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°È¥²¤Á¬° <username>root</username> ¨­¥÷¡C
	  </para>
      </note>

      <warning>
	<para>¦b¦w¸Ë¥ô¦ó port ¤§«e¡A½Ð°È¥²½T»{¦³§ó·s Ports Collection ¨ì³Ì·sª©¡A
	  ¦¹¥~½ÐÀ˾\ <ulink
	  url="http://vuxml.freebsd.org/"></ulink> ¨ÓÀˬd©Ò­n¸Ëªº port
	  ¬O§_¦³¬ÛÃö¦w¥þº|¬}ijÃD»Ý­nª`·Nªº¡C</para>

	<para><application>portaudit</application> ·|¦b¦w¸Ë¥ô¦ó port ¤§«e¡A
	  ¥ý¦Û°ÊÀˬd¬O§_¦³¬ÛÃö¤wª¾ªº¦w¥þº|¬}¡C³o­Ó¤u¨ã¦b Ports Collection ¤º¦³
	  (<filename role="package">ports-mgmt/portaudit</filename>)¡C
	  ¦b¦w¸Ë port ¤§«e¡A¥i¥H¥ý¶] <command>portaudit -F</command> «ü¥O¡A
	  ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó´N·|§ì³Ì·sªº¸ê¦wº|¬}¸ê®Æ®w¦^¨Ó®Ö¹ï¡C
	  ¨C¤Ñªº¨t²Î©w´Á¦wÀË·|¦Û°Ê§ó·s¸ê®Æ®w¡A¨Ã§@¦w¥þ½]®Ö¡C
	  ¸Ô±¡½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.portaudit.1; ¥H¤Î &man.periodic.8; ªº½u¤W»¡©ú¡C</para>
      </warning>

      <para>Ports Collection ·|°²³]§Aªººô¸ô¬O¥i¥¿±`³s½uªº¡C
        ¦pªG¨S¦³ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò»Ý¤â°Ê§â©Ò»Ýªº distfile Àɽƻs¨ì
	<filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename> ¤~¦æ¡C</para>

	<para>¶}©l¾Þ§@¤§«e¡A­n¥ý¶i¤J¥´ºâ¦w¸Ëªº port ¥Ø¿ý¤º¡G</para>

        <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof</userinput></screen>

        <para>¤@¥¹¶i¤J <filename>lsof</filename> ¥Ø¿ý«á¡A´N¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì³o­Ó port
	  ªº skeleton µ²ºc¡C
	  ±µ¤U¨Ó¡A´N¬O½sĶ¡A¤]´N¬O <quote>build</quote> ³o­Ó port¡C
	  ¥u»Ý²³æ¿é¤J <command>make</command> «ü¥O¡A´N¥i»´ÃP§¹¦¨½sĶ¡C
	  §¹¦¨«á¡AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¬Ý¨ìÃþ¦ü¤U­±°T®§¡G</para>

        <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make</userinput>
&gt;&gt; lsof_4.57D.freebsd.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
&gt;&gt; Attempting to fetch from ftp://lsof.itap.purdue.edu/pub/tools/unix/lsof/.
===&gt;  Extracting for lsof-4.57
...
[extraction output snipped]
...
&gt;&gt; Checksum OK for lsof_4.57D.freebsd.tar.gz.
===&gt;  Patching for lsof-4.57
===&gt;  Applying FreeBSD patches for lsof-4.57
===&gt;  Configuring for lsof-4.57
...
[configure output snipped]
...
===&gt;  Building for lsof-4.57
...
[compilation output snipped]
...
&prompt.root;</screen>

        <para>½Ðª`·N¡G½sĶ§¹¦¨«á¡A´N·|¦^¨ì´£¥Ü¦C(prompt)¡C±µ¤U¨Ó´N¬O¦w¸Ë¸Ó
	  port ¤F¡A­n¸Ëªº¸Ü¡A¥u»Ý¦b­ì¥»ªº <command>make</command>
	  «ü¥O«á­±¦A¥[¤W¤@­Ó¦r§Y¥i¡A
	  ¨º­Ó¦r´N¬O <command>install</command>¡G</para>

        <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput>
===&gt;  Installing for lsof-4.57
...
[installation output snipped]
...
===&gt;   Generating temporary packing list
===&gt;   Compressing manual pages for lsof-4.57
===&gt;   Registering installation for lsof-4.57
===&gt;  SECURITY NOTE:
      This port has installed the following binaries which execute with
      increased privileges.
&prompt.root;</screen>

        <para>¤@¥¹¦^¨ì´£¥Ü¦C(prompt)¡A´N¥i¥H°õ¦æ­è¸Ëªºµ{¦¡¤F¡C
	  ¥t¥~¡A¦]¬° <command>lsof</command> ³oµ{¦¡°õ¦æ®É·|¦³ÃB¥~Åv­­¡A
	  ©Ò¥H·|¥X²{¦w¥þĵ§i¡C¦b½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë port ªº®É­Ô¡A
	  ½Ð¯d·N¥ô¦ó¥X²{ªºÄµ§i¡C</para>

	<para>¦¹¥~¡A«Øij§R°£½sĶ¥Îªº¤u§@¥Ø¿ý(¹w³]¬O <filename>work</filename>)¡A
	  ³o¥Ø¿ý¤º¬°¦b½sĶ¹Lµ{¤¤©Ò¥Î¨ìªº¤@¨ÇÁ{®ÉÀɮסA
	  ³o¨ÇÀɮפ£¥u¦ûµwºÐªÅ¶¡¡A¦Ó¥B¤]¥i¯à·|¦b¸Ó port ¤É¯Å·sª©®É¡A
	  ³y¦¨¤£¥²­nªº§xÂZ¡C</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make clean</userinput>
===&gt;  Cleaning for lsof-4.57
&prompt.root;</screen>

        <note>
          <para>¥Î <command>make install clean</command> ´N¥i¥H¤@¤f®ð§¹¦¨­è©Ò»¡
	    <command>make</command>¡B<command>make install</command>¡B
	    <command>make clean</command> ³o¤T­Ó¨BÆJ¤F¡C</para>
	</note>

	<note>
	  <para>¦³¨Ç shell ·|¨Ì¾Ú <envar>PATH</envar> Àô¹ÒÅܼƪº¸ô®|¡A
	    §â¨º¨Ç¸ô®|ªº°õ¦æÀÉ cache °_¨Ó¡A¨Ó¥[³t·j´M°õ¦æÀÉ¡C
	    ¦pªG§A¥Îªº¬O³oÃþªº shell¡A¨º»ò¦b¸Ë§¹ port «á»Ý­n¥´
	    <command>rehash</command> «ü¥O¡A¤~¯à°õ¦æ·s¸Ëªº°õ¦æÀÉ¡A¦Ó
	    <command>rehash</command> «ü¥O¥i¥H¦b <command>tcsh</command>
	    ¤§Ãþªº shell ¤W¨Ï¥Î¡A­Y¬O <command>sh</command> ªº¸Ü¡A«h¬O
	    <command>hash -r</command>¡C
	    ¸Ô±¡½Ð°Ñ¾\§A©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº shell ¬ÛÃö¤å¥ó¡C</para>
	</note>

	<para>¦³¨Ç¥Ñ©Ò¿× third-party ©Òµo¦æªº DVD-ROM ²£«~¡A¹³¬O
	  <ulink url="http://www.freebsdmall.com/">FreeBSD
	  Mall</ulink> ©Òµo¦æªº FreeBSD Toolkit ·|¥]¬A distfiles ÀɮסA
	  ³o¨ÇÀÉ®×¥i¥Î¨Ó·f°t Ports Collection¡C
	  §â DVD-ROM ±¾¸ü¦b <filename>/cdrom</filename>¡C
	  ­Y¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥L±¾¸üÂIªº¸Ü¡A­n°O±o³]©w <makevar>CD_MOUNTPTS</makevar>
	  Àô¹ÒÅܼƬ°¬Û¹ïÀ³ªº±¾¸üÂI¡C  ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¡A¥úºÐ¤W­Y¦³©Ò»Ýªº distfiles
	  ´N·|¦Û°Ê¨Ï¥Î¥úºÐªºÀɮסC</para>

	<note>
	  <para>½Ðª`·N¡A¦³¤Ö¼Æ port ¨Ã¤£¤¹³\³z¹L¥úºÐ¨Óµo§GÀɮסC
	    ¥i¯àªº­ì¦]¦³¡G»Ý¥ý¶ñµù¥U³æ¤~¯à¤U¸ü©Î´²§GÀɮסA©Î¨ä¥L­ì¦]¡C
	    ¦pªG·Q¦w¸Ë¦b¥úºÐ¤W¨Sªþ¤Wªº port¡A´N»Ý³s¤Wºô¸ô¤~¯àÄ~Äò¶i¦æ¦w¸Ë¡C
	    </para>
	</note>

	<para>ports ¨t²Î±Ä¥Î &man.fetch.1; ¨Ó¤U¸üÀɮסA
	  ¥¦¦³³\¦h¥i½Õ¾ãªºÀô¹ÒÅܼơA¥]¬A¡G
	  <envar>FTP_PASSIVE_MODE</envar>¡B<envar>FTP_PROXY</envar>¡B
	  <envar>FTP_PASSWORD</envar>¡C  ¦pªG¬O³B©ó¦³¨¾¤õÀðªºÀô¹Ò¡A
	  ©ÎªÌ»Ý­n¨Ï¥Î FTP/HTTP proxy¡A¨º»ò´N»Ý­n³]©w³o¨ÇÅܼơC
	  ¨Ï¥Î²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.fetch.3; »¡©ú¡C</para>

	<para>­YµLªkÀH®É¤@ª½¤Wºôªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò¥i¥H§Q¥Î
	  <command>make <maketarget>fetch</maketarget></command>¡C
	  ¥u­n¦b port ªº³Ì¤W¼h¸ô®|(<filename>/usr/ports</filename>)
	  ¥´³o«ü¥O¡A¨º»ò©Ò¦³»Ý­n¥Î¨ìªºÀɮ׳£·|¤U¸ü¡C
	  ³o«ü¥O¤]¥i¥H¦b¤U¼h¥Ø¿ý¨Ï¥Î¡A¨Ò¦p¡G
	  <filename>/usr/ports/net</filename>¡C
	  ½Ðª`·N¡A­Y¸Ó port ¦³¬Û¨Ìªº library ©ÎªÌ¨ä¥L port ªº¸Ü¡A
	  ¨º»ò¥¦<emphasis>¨Ã¤£·|</emphasis>¸òµÛ¤@°_¤U¸ü¨ä¥L©Ò¬Û¨ÌªºÀɮסC
	  ­Y·Q¤@¦¸¤U¸ü©Ò¦³¬Û¨Ìªº port ©Ò¦³ÀɮסA¨º»ò«ü¥O°Ñ¼Æ½Ð§ï¥Î
	  <maketarget>fetch-recursive</maketarget> ¦Ó«D
	  <maketarget>fetch</maketarget>¡C</para>

	<note><para>¥i¥H¦b¬YÃþ§O©Î³Ì¤W¼h¸ô®|¥´ <command>make</command>
	  «ü¥O¨Ó½sĶ©Ò¦³ªº port¡A©ÎªÌ¥H¤W­zªº <command>make
	  <makevar>fetch</makevar></command> «ü¥O¨Ó¤U¸ü©Ò¦³ÀɮסC
	  µM¦Ó¡A³o¼Ë¬O¬Û·í¦MÀI¡A¦]¬°¦³¨Ç port ¤£¯à¨Ã¦s¡C
	  ¤]¦³¥t¤@ºØ±¡ªp¡A¦³¨Ç port ¥i¯à·|¥H¬Û¦PÀɦW¡A
	  ¦ý¬O¹ê»Ú¤W«o¬O¤£¦P¤º®eªºÀɮסC</para></note>

	<para>¦b¬Y¨Ç¨u¨£±¡ªp¡A¥i¯à»Ý¥[¤W <makevar>MASTER_SITES</makevar>
	  (Àɮתº­ì©l¤U¸ü³B)¤§¥~ªº¤U¸üÂI¡A¥H¤U¸ü©Ò»ÝªºÀɮסC
	  ¥i¥H¥Î¤U¦C«ü¥O¡A¨Ó§ó§ï¹w³]ªº <makevar>MASTER_SITES</makevar>
	  ¤U¸üÂI¡G</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/<replaceable>directory</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE= \
ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/ fetch</userinput></screen>

	<para>¤W­±³o¨Ò¤l¡A¬O§â <makevar>MASTER_SITES</makevar> §ï³]
	  <hostid
	  role="fqdn">ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/</hostid>
	  ¬°¤U¸üÂI¡C</para>

	<note><para>¦³¨Ç port ¤¹³\(©Î­n¨D)±z±o«ü©w½sĶ¿ï¶µ¡A
	  ¥H±Ò¥Î¡B°±¥Î¸Ó³nÅ餤«D¥²¶·ªº¥\¯à¡B¦w¥þ¿ï¶µ¥H¤Î¨ä¥L¥i¦Û­qªº¿ï¶µ¡C
	  ¨ã¦³¥Nªí©Êªº¥]¬A¤F
	  <filename role="package">www/mozilla</filename>¡B<filename
	  role="package">security/gpgme</filename>¡B<filename
	  role="package">mail/sylpheed-claws</filename>¡C
	  ­Y¦³³oÃþ¿ï¶µ®É¡A³q±`¦b½sĶ®É·|¥X²{¬ÛÃö´£¥Ü°T®§¡C</para></note>

      <sect3>
        <title>§ó§ï(Override)¹w³]ªº Ports ¥Ø¿ý</title>

	<para>¦³®É­Ô¡A·|µo²{¨ì¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥L¥Ø¿ý§@¬° port¡Bdistfiles
	  ¥Ø¿ý¥i¯à¬Û·í¦³¥Î(¬Æ¦Ü¬O¥²¶·)¡A¥i¥H³]©w
	  <makevar>PORTSDIR</makevar> ¤Î <makevar>PREFIX</makevar>
	  Àô¹ÒÅܼƥH­×§ï¹w³]ªº port ¥Ø¿ý¡CÁ|¨Ò¡G</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make PORTSDIR=/usr/home/example/ports install</userinput></screen>

	<para>¥H¤W·|¦b
	    <filename>/usr/home/example/ports</filename> ¤º¶i¦æ½sĶ¡A
	    ¨Ã§â©Ò¦³Àɮצw¸Ë¨ì <filename>/usr/local</filename> ¤º¡C</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make PREFIX=/usr/home/example/local install</userinput></screen>

	<para>«h·|¦b <filename>/usr/ports</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤º½sĶ¡A
	  ¨Ã§â©Ò¦³Àɮצw¸Ë¨ì
	  <filename>/usr/home/example/local</filename> ¤º¡C</para>

	<para>·íµMÅo¡A</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make PORTSDIR=../ports PREFIX=../local install</userinput></screen>

	<para>«h·|¦P®É¥]§t¨âºØ³]©w(ÁÙ¦³«Ü¦hÅܤƥH­PµLªk¦b¥»­¶¥þ³¡³£¦³¼g¨ì¡A
	  ¦ý±zÀ³¸Ó¤w¸g¦³§ì¨ì¤j·§·§©À¤F§a)¡C</para>

	<para>¦¹¥~¡A³o¨ÇÅܼƤ]¥H§@¬°Àô¹ÒÅܼƨӳ]©w¡C
	  ½Ð¨Ì±z©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº shell ¥h°Ñ¾\¬ÛÃö»¡©ú¡A¥HÁA¸Ñ¦p¦ó³]©w¡C</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>³B²z <command>imake</command></title>

	<para>¦³¨Ç port ·|¨Ï¥Î <command>imake</command>(X Window ¨t²Îªº¤@³¡¥÷)
	  µLªk¥¿±`¹B¥Î <makevar>PREFIX</makevar> ÅܼơA
	  ¥¦­Ì·|°í«ù§âÀɮ׳£¦w¸Ë¨ì <filename>/usr/X11R6</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¡C
	  ¦P¼Ë¦a¡A¤]¦³¤@¨Ç Perl port ·|©¿²¤ <makevar>PREFIX</makevar>
	  ¨Ã§âÀɮצw¸Ë¨ì Perl ¥Ø¿ý¬[ºc¤º¡C  Åý³o¨Ç ports respect
	  <makevar>PREFIX</makevar> ¬O¬Û·í§xÃø¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬O¤£¥i¯àªº¨Æ¡C</para>

      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>­«·s³]©w Ports ¿ï¶µ</title>

	<para>¦b½sĶ¬Y¨Ç port ®É·|¥X²{¿ï³æµe­±(ncurses-based)¡A
	  ¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¿ï¾Ü¦w¸Ë¿ï¶µ¡C  ³q±`¸Ë¦n¸Ó port ¤§«á¡A«K¤£¤Ó·|»Ý­n­«¥[¡B
	  ²¾°£¡B§ó§ï¤@¨Ç·íªì¦w¸Ëªº¿ï¶µ¡C  ¦ý¤é«á­Y¦³»Ý­nªº¸Ü¡A
	  ¤]¦³³\¦h¤è¦¡¥i¥H½Õ¾ã³o¨Ç¿ï¶µ¡C  ¨ä¤¤¤@ºØ¤è¦¡«K¬O¤Á¨ì¸Ó port ¥Ø¿ý¡A
	  ¨Ã¥´ <command>make</command> <maketarget>config</maketarget>
	  §Y¥i¦A¦¸¦^¨ì¿ï¶µµe­±¥h§@½Õ¾ã¡C  ¥t¥~ÁÙ¥i¥Î <command>make</command>
	  <maketarget>showconfig</maketarget> ¥HÅã¥Ü¸Ó port ¦w¸Ë®É©Ò¥Îªº¿ï¶µ¡C
	  ¤]¥i¥H¥Î <command>make</command> <maketarget>rmconfig</maketarget>
	  ¨Ó§â©Ò¦³¿ï¶µ¦^¨ìªì©l³]©w¡C  ³o¨Ç¿ï¶µ¸ò¨ä¥L°Ê§@³£¥i°Ñ¾\ &man.ports.7;
	  ¤ºªº¸Ô²Ó»¡©ú¡C</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ports-removing">
      <title>²¾°£¤w¦w¸Ëªº Ports</title>

      <indexterm>
        <primary>ports</primary>
        <secondary>removing</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>²{¦b±z¤w¸gª¾¹D¦p¦ó¦w¸Ë port¡A¦Ó¶}©l·QÁA¸Ñ¦p¦ó²¾°£¡C
        ¤ñ¦p¸Ë¤F¤@­Ó port «á¤~·NÃѨì¸Ë¿ù port ¤F¡C
        ¦b¦¹¡A§Ú­Ì±N²¾°£«e­±¨Ò¤l©Ò¸Ëªº¨º­Ó port
	(¨S¥J²Óª`·Nªº¸Ü¡A§Ú­Ì¦A´£¿ô¤@¤U´N¬O <command>lsof</command>)¡C
	¸ò²¾°£ package ®É¬Û·íÃþ¦ü(¦b <link
	linkend="packages-using">Packages section</link> ¦³¤¶²Ð)¡A³£¬O¨Ï¥Î
	&man.pkg.delete.1; «ü¥O¡G</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_delete lsof-4.57</userinput></screen>

    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ports-upgrading">
      <title>¤É¯Å¤w¦w¸Ëªº Ports</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ports</primary>
	<secondary>upgrading</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>­º¥ý¡A¥Î &man.pkg.version.1; «ü¥O¨Ó¦C¥X¥Ø«e Ports Collection
	¤¤´£¨Ñ¤F¨º¨Ç¥i¤É¯Åªº port ª©¥»¡G</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_version -v</userinput></screen>

      <sect3 id="ports-file-updating">
	<title><filename>/usr/ports/UPDATING</filename></title>

        <para>¨C¦¸§ó·s§¹ Ports Collection ¤§«á¡A½Ð°È¥²°O±o¦b¤É¯Å port «e¡A
	  ¥ý¬Ý¬Ý <filename>/usr/ports/UPDATING</filename>¡A
	  ³o¸Ì·|¼g¤É¯Å¤è­±ªº¦U¦¡°ÝÃD¡A¤ñ¦p¡GÀɮ׮榡§ïÅÜ¡BÅܧó³]©wÀɦì¸m¡B
	  »Pª©¤£¬Û®eªº°ÝÃDµ¥¡A¥H¤Î«ç»ò¸Ñ¨Mªº§¹¾ã¨BÆJ¡C</para>

        <para>­Y <filename>UPDATING</filename> ¤º®e»P§A¬Ý¨ìªº¨ä¥L¤å¥ó¦³¨Ç¤£¦P
	  ¡B¬Û½Äªº¸Ü¡A
	  ¨º»ò½Ð¥H <filename>UPDATING</filename> ¬°·Ç¡C</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="portupgrade">
	<title>¥H Portupgrade ¨Ó¤É¯Å¤w¦w¸Ëªº Ports</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>portupgrade</primary>
	</indexterm>

      <para><application>portupgrade</application> ¥i¥H»´ÃP¤É¯Å¤w¸Ëªº³nÅé¡C
	¸Ó¤u¨ã¥i±q <filename role="package">ports-mgmt/portupgrade</filename>
	port ¦w¸Ë¡A
	¦w¸Ë¤è¦¡´N¦p¦P¨ä¥L port ¤@¼Ë¡A¥Î <command>make <makevar>install	clean
	</makevar></command> «ü¥O´N¥i¥H¤F¡G</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portupgrade</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>

      <para>­º¥ý³Ì¦n¥ý¥H <command>pkgdb -F</command> ¨Ó±½ºË¤w¸Ëªº ports
	¸ê®Æ®w¬O§_¦³»~¡A¨Ã­×¥¿¦³°ÝÃDªº¦a¤è¡C
	¦b¨C¦¸°µ¤É¯Å¤§«e¡A³Ì¦n©w´Á°µ¤@¤U <command>pkgdb -F</command>
	°Ê§@·|¸û¬°§´·í¡C</para>

      <para>¶] <command>portupgrade -a</command> ªº¸Ü¡A
	<application>portupgrade</application> ·|¤É¯Å¨t²Î¤W©Ò¦³¤w¸Ëªº¹LÂÂ
	ports¡C  ­Y¥Î <option>-i</option> «h¦b¤É¯Å¨C­Ó port ¹Lµ{·í¤¤¡A
	·|­n¨D½T»{¬ÛÃö°Ê§@¬O§_²Å¦X©Ò»Ý¡C</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portupgrade -ai</userinput></screen>

      <para>­Y¥u·Q¤É¯Å¬Y¯S©wµ{¦¡¦Ó«D¥þ³¡¡A¨º»ò¥i¥H¥Î
	<command>portupgrade <replaceable>pkgname</replaceable></command>
	¨Ó°µ«ü©w¡C  ­Y·Q­n <application>portupgrade</application>
	Àu¥ý¤É¯Å¬Y port ©Ò¬Û¨Ìªº¬ÛÃö®M¥ó¡A«h½Ð¥Î <option>-R</option>
	°Ñ¼Æ§Y¥i¡C</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portupgrade -R firefox</userinput></screen>

      <para>­Y­n¥Î package ¦Ó«D port ¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡A«h»Ý«ü©w
	<option>-P</option> ¤~¥i¥H¡C  ­Y¦³«ü©w³o¿ï¶µ¡A«h
	<application>portupgrade</application> ·|·j´M
	<envar>PKG_PATH</envar> ÅܼƩҫü©wªº¥»¾÷¥Ø¿ý¡A
	­Y§ä¤£¨ì«h³z¹Lºô¸ô¨Ó¤U¸ü¦w¸Ë¡C
	­Y¥»¾÷¸òºô¸ô³£¨S¦³¥i¥Îªº package ªº¸Ü¡A«h
	<application>portupgrade</application> ·|¨Ï¥Î port ¤è¦¡¦w¸Ë¡C
	­Y¤£·Q¦p¦¹¤SÅܦ¨¨Ï¥Î port ¤è¦¡¦w¸Ë¡A«h¥Î <option>-PP</option>
	§Y¥i±j¨îÁקK¨Ï¥Î port ¤è¦¡¦w¸Ë¡C</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portupgrade -PP gnome2</userinput></screen>

      <para>­Y¥u·Q¤U¸ü distfiles(©ÎªÌ­Y«ü©w <option>-P</option> ªº¸Ü¡A«h¬O
	package)¦Ó¤£·Q½sĶ©Î¦w¸ËÀɮסA¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î <option>-F</option>¡C
	¸Ô±¡½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.portupgrade.1; ªº»¡©ú¡C</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="portmanager">
	<title>¥H Portmanager ¨Ó¤É¯Å¤w¦w¸Ëªº Ports</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>portmanager</primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para><application>Portmanager</application>
	  ¤]¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó»´ÃP¤É¯Å¤w¸Ëªº³nÅé¡C  ¸Ó¤u¨ã¥i±q <filename
	  role="package">ports-mgmt/portmanager</filename> port ¦w¸Ë¡G</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd <filename class="directory">/usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmanager</filename></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>

	<para>©Ò¦³¤w¸Ëªº³nÅé¡A³£¥i¥H»´ÃP¥ÎÃþ¦ü¤U¦C«ü¥O¨Ó¤É¯Å¡G</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portmanager -u</userinput></screen>

	<para>¦¹¥~¡A¨Ï¥Î°Ñ¼Æ¥i¥H§ï¬° <option>-ui</option>¡A¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó
	  <application>Portmanager</application> ¦b¤É¯Å¤@¨Ç¦³¯S®í¿ï¶µªº³nÅé®É
	  ¡A´N·|¸ß°Ý¸Ó¦p¦ó¤É¯Å¡C  <application>Portmanager</application>
	  ¤]¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¸Ë·s port¡C»P¥H©¹±`¥Îªº
	  <command>make install clean</command> «ü¥O¤£¦P¤§³B¦b©ó¡G
	  ¥¦·|¥ý¤É¯Å§A­n¸Ëªº port ©Ò¬Û¨Ìªº©Ò¦³ ports¡AµM«á¤~¶}©l½sĶ¡B
	  ¦w¸Ë­n¸Ëªº port¡C</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portmanager <replaceable>x11/gnome2</replaceable></userinput></screen>

	<para>­Y­n¸Ëªº port ¤§³nÅé¬Û¨ÌÃö«Y¦³°ÝÃD®É¡A¤]¥i¥H¥Î
	  <application>Portmanager</application> ¨Ï¥¦­Ì­«Âk¥¿­y¡C  ¦Ó
	  <application>Portmanager</application> ¸Ñ¨M¬Û¨Ì°ÝÃD§¹²¦¤§«á¡A¸Ó port
	  ¤]·|­«·s½sĶ¡A¥H¦]À³¥¿½Tªº¬Û¨ÌÃö«Y¡C</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portmanager <replaceable>graphics/gimp</replaceable> -f</userinput></screen>

	<para>¨ä¾l¹B¥Îªkªù¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ &man.portmanager.1; »¡©ú¡C</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ports-disk-space">
      <title>Ports »PµwºÐªÅ¶¡</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ports</primary>
	<secondary>disk-space</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>¦]¬°¨Ï¥Î Ports Collection ¿ð¦­¥i¯à·|¥Î¥úµwºÐªÅ¶¡¡A
	©Ò¥H¦b¸Ë§¹³nÅé«á¡A°O±o­n¥H <command>make <makevar>clean</makevar>
	</command> «ü¥O¨Ó²M°£Á{®Éªº <filename class="directory">work
	</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¡C
	¦¹¥~¡A¥i¥H¥Î¤U¦C«ü¥O¨Ó²M°£¾ã­Ó Ports Collection ¤ºªºÁ{®É¥Ø¿ý¡G</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsclean -C</userinput></screen>

      <para>ports ¥Î¤[¤F¡A±z¥i¯à·|¦b
	<filename class="directory">distfiles</filename>
	¥Ø¿ý¤º·|²Ö¿nµÛ³\¦hªº­ì©l½XÀɮסC  ¥i¥H¤â°Ê§R°£³o¨ÇÀɮסA
	©ÎªÌ¥Î¤U¦C«ü¥O¨Ó²M°£©Ò¦³ port ³£¤£¨Ï¥ÎªºÂÂÀÉ¡G</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsclean -D</userinput></screen>

      <para>©ÎªÌ­n²M°£©Ò¦³¤w¸Ëªº port ³£¤£¦A¨Ï¥ÎªºÂÂÀÉ¡G</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsclean -DD</userinput></screen>

      <note>
	<para><command>portsclean</command> ³o¤u¨ã¤D¬O
	  <application>portupgrade</application> ®M¥óªº¤@³¡¤À¡C</para>
      </note>

      <para>¤£­n§Ñ¤F²¾°£¨º¨Ç¤w¸g¦w¸Ë¡A¦ý¤£¦A»Ý­n¥Î¨ìªº ports¡C
	¦³­Ó <filename role="package">ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves</filename>
	port¡A¥¿¬O¥i¦Û°Ê§¹¦¨³o¥\¯àªº¦n¤u¨ã¡C</para>
    </sect2>

  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="ports-nextsteps">
    <title>¦w¸Ë¤§«á¡A¦³¤°»ò«áÄòª`·N¨Æ¶µ¶Ü¡H</title>

    <para>³q±`¡A¦w¸Ë§¹³nÅé«á¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¾\Ū©Òªþªº¤@¨Ç¤å¥ó¡A©Î»Ý­n½s¿è³]©wÀÉ¡A
      ¨Ó½T«O³o­Ó³nÅé¯à¶¶§Q¹B§@¡A©Î¦b¾÷¾¹¶}¾÷ªº®É­Ô±Ò°Ê(¦pªG¬O daemon ªº¸Ü)
      µ¥µ¥¡C</para>

    <para>¤£¦Pªº³nÅé·|¦³¤£¦Pªº³]©w¨BÆJ¡C¤£ºÞ«ç¼Ë¡A¦pªG¸Ë¦n¤F³nÅé¡A
	¦ý¬O¤£ª¾¹D¤U¤@¨B«ç»ò¿ìªº®É­Ô¡A ¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý³o¨Ç¤p§Þ¥©¡G</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>µ½¥Î &man.pkg.info.1; ¡A³o«ü¥O¥i¥HÅã¥Ü¡G³z¹L®M¥óºÞ²z¨t²Î
	  (Packages/Ports)¸Ë¤F­þ¨Ç³nÅé¡BÀɮ׸˦b­þÃä¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A­Y­è¸Ë¤F
	  FooPackage (ª©¥» 1.0.0)¡A¨º»ò¤U­±³o«ü¥O¡G</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info -L foopackage-1.0.0 | less</userinput></screen>

	<para>´N·|Åã¥Ü³o³nÅé©Ò¦w¸ËªºÀɮײM³æ¡C ½Ð¯S§Oª`·N¦b
	  <filename>man/</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤º¬O»¡©úÀÉ¡B
	  <filename>etc/</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤º¬O³]©wÀÉ¡B
	  <filename>doc/</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¤º¬O§¹¾ã¤å¥ó¡C</para>

	<para>­Y¤£½T©w¤w¸Ëªº®M¥óª©¥»¬°¦ó¡A¥i¥H¥ÎÃþ¦ü¤U¦C«ü¥O¨Ó¬d¡G</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info | grep -i <replaceable>foopackage</replaceable></userinput></screen>

	<para>¥H¤W±N·|·j´M©Ò¦³¤w¸Ëªº®M¥ó¡A¦C¥X¦³²Å¦X
	  <replaceable>foopackage</replaceable> ªº®M¥ó¦WºÙ¡C
	  ½Ð¦Û¦æ¨Ì»Ý¨D¡A­×§ï <replaceable>foopackage</replaceable>
	  ¬°·Q§äªº®M¥ó¦WºÙ¡C</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>¤@¥¹½T»{¸Óµ{¦¡ªº½u¤W»¡©ú¦³¦w¸Ë¡A´N¥i¥H¥Î &man.man.1; ¨Ó½¾\¡C
	  ¦P¼Ë¦a¡A­Y¸Óµ{¦¡¦³´£¨Ñªº¸Ü¡A¤]¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò³]©wÀɼ˥»¡A¥H¤Î¨ä¥L¤å¥ó¡C
	  </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>­Y¸Óµ{¦¡¦³©xºôªº¸Ü¡AÁÙ¥i¥H³z¹Lºô¯¸¨Ó§ä¤å¥ó¡B±`¨£°Ýµª¶°(FAQ)µ¥¡C
	  ­Y¤£ª¾¹Dºô§}¡A½Ð¥Î¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info <replaceable>foopackage-1.0.0</replaceable></userinput></screen>

	<para>­Y¸Óµ{¦¡¦³©xºôªº¸Ü¡A«h·|¦³¤@¦æ <literal>WWW:</literal>
	  ¶}ÀYªº¥X²{¡A³o¦æ·|¦C¥X¸Óµ{¦¡ªº©xºôºô§}(URL)¡C</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Port ­Y¶·¦b¶}¾÷®É´N·|±Ò°Ê(´N¹³ Internet
	  ¥D¾÷)¡A³q±`³£·|¦w¸Ë script ¨ì
	  <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename> ¥Ø¿ý¡C
	  ±z¥i¥HÀ˾\³o script ªº¥¿½T»P§_¡A©Î­Y¦³»Ý­n¡A¤]¥i¥H­×§ï¡B§ï¦W¡C
	  ¸Ô±¡½Ð°Ñ¾\ <link
	  linkend="configtuning-starting-services">±Ò°Ê Services</link>¡C
	  </para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="ports-broken">
    <title>¦p¦ó³B²zÄê±¼(Broken)ªº Ports¡H</title>

      <para>¦pªGµo²{¬Y­Ó port µLªk¶¶§Q¦w¸Ë¡B¹B§@¡A ¦³´XºØ¤èªk¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¡G</para>

      <orderedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>±q <ulink url="&url.base;/support.html#gnats">Problem Report
	    ¸ê®Æ®w</ulink> ¤¤«õÄ_¬Ý¬Ý¡A»¡¤£©w¤w¸g¦³¤H°e¥i¥Îªº patch ¤W¥hÅo¡A
	    ¨º»ò©Î³\´N¥i¥H¶¶§Q¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃD­ù¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>¦V¸Ó port ªº maintainer ´M¨D¨ó§U¡G½Ð¥´
	    <command>make maintainer</command> ©Î½¾\
	    <filename>Makefile</filename> ¥H¬d¸ß maintainer ªº
	    email address¡C°O±o±H«Hµ¹ maintainer ®É¡A­nªþµù¸Ó port
	    ªº¦WºÙ¡Bª©¥»(©Î¬O§â <filename>Makefile</filename> ¤ºªº
	    <literal>&dollar;FreeBSD:</literal> ¨º¤@¾ã¦æªþ¤W)
	    ¥H¤Î¬ÛÃö¿ù»~°T®§¡C</para>

	  <note>
	    <para>¦³¨Ç port ¤£¬O¥Ñ±Mªùªº³æ¤@ maintainer ­t³d¡A¦Ó¬O³z¹L <ulink
	      url="&url.articles.mailing-list-faq;/article.html">mailing
	      list</ulink> ªº±MÃD°Q½×¡C³\¦h(¦ý«D¥þ³¡)ªºÁpµ¸ email ®æ¦¡³q±`¬O
	      <email role="nolink">freebsd-list¦WºÙ@FreeBSD.org</email>
	      ¡Cµo°Ý®É¡A½Ð°O±o§â¡yfreebsd-list¦WºÙ¡z§ï¬°¬ÛÃö°Q½×ªº
	      mailing list ¦WºÙ¡C</para>

	    <para>¤×¨ä·í port ªº maintainer Äæ¦ì¬O
	      <email role="nolink">freebsd-ports@FreeBSD.org</email>
	        ®É¡A¨Æ¹ê¤W¤w¸g¨S¤H·í¸Ó port maintainer ¤F¡C
	        ¦]¦¹­Y¸Ó port ¤´¦³­×¥¿©Î¨ä¥L§Þ³N¤ä´©ªº¸Ü¡A¬ÛÃö°Q½×³£·|¦b
		freebsd-ports ¶l»¼½×¾Â¤W¥X²{¡C
	        ³á¡A¹ï¤F¡A¦pªG¦³¼ô±x¸Ó³nÅéªÌ¡A§ÓÄ@·í¸Ó port maintainer
		ªº¸Ü¡A§Ú­Ì¤]³£«ÜÅwªï±zªº¥[¤J³á¡C</para>
	  </note>

	  <para>­Y port maintainer ¨S¦³¦^Âбzªº«H¥ó¡A «h¥i¥H¥Î &man.send-pr.1;
	    ¨Ó´£¥æ°ÝÃD³ø§i PR¡C(½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ulink
	    url="&url.articles.problem-reports;/article.html">Writing
	    FreeBSD Problem Reports</ulink>)¡C</para>
	</listitem>

        <listitem>
	  <para>¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý­×¥¿¥¦§a!  <ulink
	    url="&url.books.porters-handbook;/index.html">Porter's
	    Handbook</ulink> ¥]¬A¤F <quote>Ports</quote>
	    ¬[ºcªº²Ó¸`³¡¥÷¡A³o¨Ç®Ñ¤¤¤º®e¦³§U±z­×¦n¦³°ÝÃDªº port
	    ¬Æ¦Ü´£¥æ¦Û¤vªº port¡T</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>±q¸ûªñªº FTP ¯¸ÂI¤U¸ü½sĶ¦nªº package¡C
	    package collection ªº³Ì¤W´å¯¸¬O¦b <hostid
	    role="fqdn">ftp.FreeBSD.org</hostid> ¤Wªº <ulink
	    url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/">packages
	    ¥Ø¿ý</ulink>¤º¡A¦ý½Ð°O±o¥ýÀˬd¬O§_¤w¦³ <ulink
	    url="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/">local mirror</ulink>
	    ¯¸¡I  ³q±`±¡ªp¤U³o¨Ç package ³£¥i¥Hª½±µ¨Ï¥Î¡A
	    ¦Ó¥BÀ³¸Ó¤ñ¦Û¦æ½sĶ§Ö¤@¨Ç¡C
	    ¥Î &man.pkg.add.1; §Y¥i¶¶§Q¦w¸Ë package ¡C</para>
	</listitem>
      </orderedlist>
  </sect1>

</chapter>