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<H1>curs_terminfo 3x</H1>
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<PRE>
<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
<H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
<STRONG>del_curterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG>, <STRONG>putp</STRONG>, <STRONG>restartterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>set_curterm</STRONG>,
<STRONG>setterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>tigetflag</STRONG>, <STRONG>tigetnum</STRONG>, <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG>, <STRONG>tiparm</STRONG>,
<STRONG>tparm</STRONG>, <STRONG>tputs</STRONG>, <STRONG>vid_attr</STRONG>, <STRONG>vid_puts</STRONG>, <STRONG>vidattr</STRONG>, <STRONG>vidputs</STRONG> -
<STRONG>curses</STRONG> interfaces to terminfo database
</PRE>
<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><term.h></STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>setupterm(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>fildes</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>errret</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>setterm(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>TERMINAL</STRONG> <STRONG>*set_curterm(TERMINAL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>nterm</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>del_curterm(TERMINAL</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>oterm</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>restartterm(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>fildes</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>errret</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*tparm(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>str</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>...);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tputs(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>str</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>affcnt</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>(*</STRONG><EM>putc</EM><STRONG>)(int));</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>putp(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>str</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>vidputs(chtype</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>(*</STRONG><EM>putc</EM><STRONG>)(int));</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>vidattr(chtype</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>vid_puts(attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>(*</STRONG><EM>putc</EM><STRONG>)(int));</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>vid_attr(attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attrs</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>short</STRONG> <EM>pair</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>opts</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvcur(int</STRONG> <EM>oldrow</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>oldcol</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>newrow</EM>, int <EM>newcol</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tigetflag(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>capname</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>tigetnum(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>capname</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*tigetstr(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>capname</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*tiparm(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>str</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>...);</STRONG>
</PRE>
<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
These low-level routines must be called by programs that
have to deal directly with the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database to handle
certain terminal capabilities, such as programming func-
tion keys. For all other functionality, <STRONG>curses</STRONG> routines
are more suitable and their use is recommended.
<STRONG>Initialization</STRONG>
Initially, <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> should be called. Note that <STRONG>se-</STRONG>
<STRONG>tupterm</STRONG> is automatically called by <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> and <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>.
This defines the set of terminal-dependent variables
[listed in <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>].
Each initialization routine provides applications with the
terminal capabilities either directly (via header defini-
tions), or by special functions. The header files <STRONG>curs-</STRONG>
<STRONG>es.h</STRONG> and <STRONG>term.h</STRONG> should be included (in this order) to get
the definitions for these strings, numbers, and flags.
The <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> variables <STRONG>lines</STRONG> and <STRONG>columns</STRONG> are initialized
by <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> as follows:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If <STRONG>use_env(FALSE)</STRONG> has been called, values for <STRONG>lines</STRONG>
and <STRONG>columns</STRONG> specified in <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> are used.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> Otherwise, if the environment variables <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COL-</STRONG>
<STRONG>UMNS</STRONG> exist, their values are used. If these environ-
ment variables do not exist and the program is running
in a window, the current window size is used. Other-
wise, if the environment variables do not exist, the
values for <STRONG>lines</STRONG> and <STRONG>columns</STRONG> specified in the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG>
database are used.
Parameterized strings should be passed through <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> to
instantiate them. All <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> strings [including the
output of <STRONG>tparm</STRONG>] should be printed with <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> or <STRONG>putp</STRONG>.
Call <STRONG>reset_shell_mode</STRONG> to restore the tty modes before ex-
iting [see <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>].
Programs which use cursor addressing should
<STRONG>o</STRONG> output <STRONG>enter_ca_mode</STRONG> upon startup and
<STRONG>o</STRONG> output <STRONG>exit_ca_mode</STRONG> before exiting.
Programs which execute shell subprocesses should
<STRONG>o</STRONG> call <STRONG>reset_shell_mode</STRONG> and output <STRONG>exit_ca_mode</STRONG> before
the shell is called and
<STRONG>o</STRONG> output <STRONG>enter_ca_mode</STRONG> and call <STRONG>reset_prog_mode</STRONG> after
returning from the shell.
The <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> routine reads in the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database, ini-
tializing the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> structures, but does not set up the
output virtualization structures used by <STRONG>curses</STRONG>. The ter-
minal type is the character string <EM>term</EM>; if <EM>term</EM> is null,
the environment variable <STRONG>TERM</STRONG> is used. All output is to
file descriptor <STRONG>fildes</STRONG> which is initialized for output.
If <EM>errret</EM> is not null, then <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> returns <STRONG>OK</STRONG> or <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>
and stores a status value in the integer pointed to by <EM>er-</EM>
<EM>rret</EM>. A return value of <STRONG>OK</STRONG> combined with status of <STRONG>1</STRONG> in
<EM>errret</EM> is normal. If <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> is returned, examine <EM>errret</EM>:
<STRONG>1</STRONG> means that the terminal is hardcopy, cannot be used
for curses applications.
<STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> determines if the entry is a hardcopy type
by checking the <EM>hc</EM> (<EM>hardcopy</EM>) capability.
<STRONG>0</STRONG> means that the terminal could not be found, or that
it is a generic type, having too little information
for curses applications to run.
<STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> determines if the entry is a generic type
by checking the <EM>gn</EM> (<EM>generic</EM>) capability.
<STRONG>-1</STRONG> means that the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> database could not be found.
If <EM>errret</EM> is null, <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> prints an error message upon
finding an error and exits. Thus, the simplest call is:
<STRONG>setupterm((char</STRONG> <STRONG>*)0,</STRONG> <STRONG>1,</STRONG> <STRONG>(int</STRONG> <STRONG>*)0);</STRONG>,
which uses all the defaults and sends the output to <STRONG>std-</STRONG>
<STRONG>out</STRONG>.
The <STRONG>setterm</STRONG> routine was replaced by <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>. The call:
<STRONG>setupterm(</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>1,</STRONG> <STRONG>(int</STRONG> <STRONG>*)0)</STRONG>
provides the same functionality as <STRONG>setterm(</STRONG><EM>term</EM><STRONG>)</STRONG>. The
<STRONG>setterm</STRONG> routine is provided for BSD compatibility, and is
not recommended for new programs.
<STRONG>The</STRONG> <STRONG>Terminal</STRONG> <STRONG>State</STRONG>
The <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> routine stores its information about the
terminal in a <STRONG>TERMINAL</STRONG> structure pointed to by the global
variable <STRONG>cur_term</STRONG>. If it detects an error, or decides
that the terminal is unsuitable (hardcopy or generic), it
discards this information, making it not available to ap-
plications.
If <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> is called repeatedly for the same terminal
type, it will reuse the information. It maintains only
one copy of a given terminal's capabilities in memory. If
it is called for different terminal types, <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> allo-
cates new storage for each set of terminal capabilities.
The <STRONG>set_curterm</STRONG> routine sets <STRONG>cur_term</STRONG> to <EM>nterm</EM>, and makes
all of the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> boolean, numeric, and string variables
use the values from <EM>nterm</EM>. It returns the old value of
<STRONG>cur_term</STRONG>.
The <STRONG>del_curterm</STRONG> routine frees the space pointed to by
<EM>oterm</EM> and makes it available for further use. If <EM>oterm</EM> is
the same as <STRONG>cur_term</STRONG>, references to any of the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG>
boolean, numeric, and string variables thereafter may re-
fer to invalid memory locations until another <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>
has been called.
The <STRONG>restartterm</STRONG> routine is similar to <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> and
<STRONG>initscr</STRONG>, except that it is called after restoring memory
to a previous state (for example, when reloading a game
saved as a core image dump). <STRONG>restartterm</STRONG> assumes that the
windows and the input and output options are the same as
when memory was saved, but the terminal type and baud rate
may be different. Accordingly, <STRONG>restartterm</STRONG> saves various
tty state bits, calls <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>, and then restores the
bits.
<STRONG>Formatting</STRONG> <STRONG>Output</STRONG>
The <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> routine instantiates the string <EM>str</EM> with parame-
ters <EM>pi</EM>. A pointer is returned to the result of <EM>str</EM> with
the parameters applied.
<STRONG>tiparm</STRONG> is a newer form of <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> which uses <EM><stdarg.h></EM>
rather than a fixed-parameter list. Its numeric parame-
ters are integers (int) rather than longs.
<STRONG>Output</STRONG> <STRONG>Functions</STRONG>
The <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> routine applies padding information to the
string <EM>str</EM> and outputs it. The <EM>str</EM> must be a terminfo
string variable or the return value from <STRONG>tparm</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetstr</STRONG>,
or <STRONG>tgoto</STRONG>. <EM>affcnt</EM> is the number of lines affected, or 1 if
not applicable. <EM>putc</EM> is a <STRONG>putchar</STRONG>-like routine to which
the characters are passed, one at a time.
The <STRONG>putp</STRONG> routine calls <STRONG>tputs(</STRONG><EM>str</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>1,</STRONG> <STRONG>putchar)</STRONG>. Note that
the output of <STRONG>putp</STRONG> always goes to <STRONG>stdout</STRONG>, not to the
<EM>fildes</EM> specified in <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>.
The <STRONG>vidputs</STRONG> routine displays the string on the terminal in
the video attribute mode <EM>attrs</EM>, which is any combination
of the attributes listed in <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>. The characters
are passed to the <STRONG>putchar</STRONG>-like routine <EM>putc</EM>.
The <STRONG>vidattr</STRONG> routine is like the <STRONG>vidputs</STRONG> routine, except
that it outputs through <STRONG>putchar</STRONG>.
The <STRONG>vid_attr</STRONG> and <STRONG>vid_puts</STRONG> routines correspond to vidattr
and vidputs, respectively. They use a set of arguments
for representing the video attributes plus color, i.e.,
one of type attr_t for the attributes and one of short for
the color_pair number. The <STRONG>vid_attr</STRONG> and <STRONG>vid_puts</STRONG> routines
are designed to use the attribute constants with the <EM>WA</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG>
prefix. The opts argument is reserved for future use.
Currently, applications must provide a null pointer for
that argument.
The <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG> routine provides low-level cursor motion. It
takes effect immediately (rather than at the next re-
fresh).
<STRONG>Terminal</STRONG> <STRONG>Capability</STRONG> <STRONG>Functions</STRONG>
The <STRONG>tigetflag</STRONG>, <STRONG>tigetnum</STRONG> and <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG> routines return the
value of the capability corresponding to the <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> <EM>cap-</EM>
<EM>name</EM> passed to them, such as <STRONG>xenl</STRONG>. The <EM>capname</EM> for each
capability is given in the table column entitled <EM>capname</EM>
code in the capabilities section of <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>.
These routines return special values to denote errors.
The <STRONG>tigetflag</STRONG> routine returns
<STRONG>-1</STRONG> if <EM>capname</EM> is not a boolean capability, or
<STRONG>0</STRONG> if it is canceled or absent from the terminal de-
scription.
The <STRONG>tigetnum</STRONG> routine returns
<STRONG>-2</STRONG> if <EM>capname</EM> is not a numeric capability, or
<STRONG>-1</STRONG> if it is canceled or absent from the terminal de-
scription.
The <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG> routine returns
<STRONG>(char</STRONG> <STRONG>*)-1</STRONG>
if <EM>capname</EM> is not a string capability, or
<STRONG>0</STRONG> if it is canceled or absent from the terminal de-
scription.
<STRONG>Terminal</STRONG> <STRONG>Capability</STRONG> <STRONG>Names</STRONG>
These null-terminated arrays contain the short terminfo
names ("codes"), the <STRONG>termcap</STRONG> names, and the long terminfo
names ("fnames") for each of the predefined <STRONG>terminfo</STRONG> vari-
ables:
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*boolnames[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*boolcodes[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*boolfnames[]</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*numnames[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*numcodes[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*numfnames[]</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*strnames[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*strcodes[]</STRONG>, <STRONG>*strfnames[]</STRONG>
</PRE>
<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2><PRE>
Routines that return an integer return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure
and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> (SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than
<STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful completion, unless otherwise noted
in the preceding routine descriptions.
Routines that return pointers always return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error.
X/Open defines no error conditions. In this implementa-
tion
<STRONG>del_curterm</STRONG>
returns an error if its terminal parameter is
null.
<STRONG>putp</STRONG> calls <STRONG>tputs</STRONG>, returning the same error-codes.
<STRONG>restartterm</STRONG>
returns an error if the associated call to <STRONG>se-</STRONG>
<STRONG>tupterm</STRONG> returns an error.
<STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>
returns an error if it cannot allocate enough
memory, or create the initial windows (stdscr,
curscr, newscr). Other error conditions are
documented above.
<STRONG>tputs</STRONG>
returns an error if the string parameter is
null. It does not detect I/O errors: X/Open
states that <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> ignores the return value of
the output function <EM>putc</EM>.
</PRE>
<H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE>
X/Open notes that <STRONG>vidattr</STRONG> and <STRONG>vidputs</STRONG> may be macros.
The function <STRONG>setterm</STRONG> is not described by X/Open and must
be considered non-portable. All other functions are as
described by X/Open.
<STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> copies the terminal name to the array <STRONG>ttytype</STRONG>.
This is not part of X/Open Curses, but is assumed by some
applications.
If configured to use the terminal-driver, e.g., for the
MinGW port,
<STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> interprets a missing/empty TERM variable as
the special value "unknown".
<STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> allows explicit use of the the windows con-
sole driver by checking if $TERM is set to "#win32con"
or an abbreviation of that string.
Older versions of <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> assumed that the file descriptor
passed to <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG> from <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or <STRONG>newterm</STRONG> uses buffered
I/O, and would write to the corresponding stream. In ad-
dition to the limitation that the terminal was left in
block-buffered mode on exit (like SystemV curses), it was
problematic because <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> did not allow a reliable way
to cleanup on receiving SIGTSTP. The current version uses
output buffers managed directly by <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG>. Some of the
low-level functions described in this manual page write to
the standard output. They are not signal-safe. The high-
level functions in <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> use alternate versions of these
functions using the more reliable buffering scheme.
In System V Release 4, <STRONG>set_curterm</STRONG> has an <STRONG>int</STRONG> return type
and returns <STRONG>OK</STRONG> or <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>. We have chosen to implement the
X/Open Curses semantics.
In System V Release 4, the third argument of <STRONG>tputs</STRONG> has the
type <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>(*putc)(char)</STRONG>.
At least one implementation of X/Open Curses (Solaris) re-
turns a value other than OK/ERR from <STRONG>tputs</STRONG>. That returns
the length of the string, and does no error-checking.
X/Open Curses prototypes <STRONG>tparm</STRONG> with a fixed number of pa-
rameters, rather than a variable argument list. This im-
plementation uses a variable argument list, but can be
configured to use the fixed-parameter list. Portable ap-
plications should provide 9 parameters after the format;
zeroes are fine for this purpose.
In response to comments by Thomas E. Dickey, X/Open Curses
Issue 7 proposed the <STRONG>tiparm</STRONG> function in mid-2009.
X/Open notes that after calling <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG>, the curses state
may not match the actual terminal state, and that an ap-
plication should touch and refresh the window before re-
suming normal curses calls. Both <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> and System V Re-
lease 4 curses implement <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG> using the SCREEN data allo-
cated in either <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> or <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>. So though it is docu-
mented as a terminfo function, <STRONG>mvcur</STRONG> is really a curses
function which is not well specified.
X/Open states that the old location must be given for
<STRONG>mvcur</STRONG>. This implementation allows the caller to use -1's
for the old ordinates. In that case, the old location is
unknown.
Other implementions may not declare the capability name
arrays. Some provide them without declaring them. X/Open
does not specify them.
Extended terminal capability names, e.g., as defined by
<STRONG>tic</STRONG> <STRONG>-x</STRONG>, are not stored in the arrays described here.
</PRE>
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>curs_term-</STRONG>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_termcap.3x.html">cap(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="term_variables.3x.html">term_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>putc(3)</STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
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