libc: Document support for binary integers.

Reviewed by:	debdrup, emaste
Differential Revision:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D41522

4 files changed, 50 insertions, 21 deletions

diff --git a/lib/libc/stdio/printf.3 b/lib/libc/stdio/printf.3
index 3e5c6ca23511..110851e2a421 100644
--- a/lib/libc/stdio/printf.3
+++ b/lib/libc/stdio/printf.3
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"     @(#)printf.3	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
 .\"
-.Dd May 22, 2018
+.Dd August 21, 2023
 .Dt PRINTF 3
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -212,6 +212,17 @@ and
 .Cm u
 conversions, this option has no effect.
 For
+.Cm b
+and
+.Cm B
+conversions, a non-zero result has the string
+.Ql 0b
+(or
+.Ql 0B
+for
+.Cm B
+conversions) prepended to it.
+For
 .Cm o
 conversions, the precision of the number is increased to force the first
 character of the output string to a zero.
@@ -245,7 +256,7 @@ For all conversions except
 .Cm n ,
 the converted value is padded on the left with zeros rather than blanks.
 If a precision is given with a numeric conversion
-.Cm ( d , i , o , u , i , x ,
+.Cm ( b , B , d , i , o , u , i , x ,
 and
 .Cm X ) ,
 the
@@ -301,7 +312,7 @@ followed by an
 optional digit string.
 If the digit string is omitted, the precision is taken as zero.
 This gives the minimum number of digits to appear for
-.Cm d , i , o , u , x ,
+.Cm b , B , d , i , o , u , x ,
 and
 .Cm X
 conversions, the number of digits to appear after the decimal-point for
@@ -319,12 +330,12 @@ conversions.
 .It
 An optional length modifier, that specifies the size of the argument.
 The following length modifiers are valid for the
-.Cm d , i , n , o , u , x ,
+.Cm b , B , d , i , n , o , u , x ,
 or
 .Cm X
 conversion:
 .Bl -column ".Cm q Em (deprecated)" ".Vt signed char" ".Vt unsigned long long" ".Vt long long *"
-.It Sy Modifier Ta Cm d , i Ta Cm o , u , x , X Ta Cm n
+.It Sy Modifier Ta Cm d , i Ta Cm b , B , o , u , x , X Ta Cm n
 .It Cm hh Ta Vt "signed char" Ta Vt "unsigned char" Ta Vt "signed char *"
 .It Cm h Ta Vt short Ta Vt "unsigned short" Ta Vt "short *"
 .It Cm l No (ell) Ta Vt long Ta Vt "unsigned long" Ta Vt "long *"
@@ -339,7 +350,7 @@ Note:
 the
 .Cm t
 modifier, when applied to a
-.Cm o , u , x ,
+.Cm b , B , o , u , x ,
 or
 .Cm X
 conversion, indicates that the argument is of an unsigned type
@@ -403,11 +414,16 @@ If a single format directive mixes positional
 and non-positional arguments, the results are undefined.
 .Pp
 The conversion specifiers and their meanings are:
-.Bl -tag -width ".Cm diouxX"
-.It Cm diouxX
+.Bl -tag -width ".Cm bBdiouxX"
+.It Cm bBdiouxX
 The
 .Vt int
-(or appropriate variant) argument is converted to signed decimal
+(or appropriate variant) argument is converted to
+unsigned binary
+.Cm ( b
+and
+.Cm B ) ,
+signed decimal
 .Cm ( d
 and
 .Cm i ) ,
diff --git a/lib/libc/stdio/scanf.3 b/lib/libc/stdio/scanf.3
index b1c50e10a795..6cefdb133983 100644
--- a/lib/libc/stdio/scanf.3
+++ b/lib/libc/stdio/scanf.3
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"     @(#)scanf.3	8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
 .\"
-.Dd April 2, 2022
+.Dd August 21, 2023
 .Dt SCANF 3
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ The conversion that follows occurs as usual, but no pointer is used;
 the result of the conversion is simply discarded.
 .It Cm hh
 Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm dioux
+.Cm bdioux
 or
 .Cm n
 and the next pointer is a pointer to a
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ and the next pointer is a pointer to a
 .Vt int ) .
 .It Cm h
 Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm dioux
+.Cm bdioux
 or
 .Cm n
 and the next pointer is a pointer to a
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ and the next pointer is a pointer to a
 .Vt int ) .
 .It Cm l No (ell)
 Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm dioux
+.Cm bdioux
 or
 .Cm n
 and the next pointer is a pointer to a
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ and the next pointer is a pointer to an array of
 .Vt char ) .
 .It Cm ll No (ell ell)
 Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm dioux
+.Cm bdioux
 or
 .Cm n
 and the next pointer is a pointer to a
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ and the next pointer is a pointer to
 .Vt "long double" .
 .It Cm j
 Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm dioux
+.Cm bdioux
 or
 .Cm n
 and the next pointer is a pointer to a
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ and the next pointer is a pointer to a
 .Vt int ) .
 .It Cm t
 Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm dioux
+.Cm bdioux
 or
 .Cm n
 and the next pointer is a pointer to a
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ and the next pointer is a pointer to a
 .Vt int ) .
 .It Cm z
 Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm dioux
+.Cm bdioux
 or
 .Cm n
 and the next pointer is a pointer to a
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ and the next pointer is a pointer to a
 .It Cm q
 (deprecated.)
 Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm dioux
+.Cm bdioux
 or
 .Cm n
 and the next pointer is a pointer to a
@@ -273,6 +273,10 @@ matches a single input
 .Ql %
 character.
 No conversion is done, and assignment does not occur.
+.It Cm b , B
+Matches an optionally signed binary integer;
+the next pointer must be a pointer to
+.Vt "unsigned int" .
 .It Cm d
 Matches an optionally signed decimal integer;
 the next pointer must be a pointer to
@@ -281,7 +285,12 @@ the next pointer must be a pointer to
 Matches an optionally signed integer;
 the next pointer must be a pointer to
 .Vt int .
-The integer is read in base 16 if it begins
+The integer is read
+in base 2 if it begins with
+.Ql 0b
+or
+.Ql 0B ,
+in base 16 if it begins
 with
 .Ql 0x
 or
diff --git a/lib/libc/stdlib/strtol.3 b/lib/libc/stdlib/strtol.3
index 9656ba546915..e2c5ff7ae3cb 100644
--- a/lib/libc/stdlib/strtol.3
+++ b/lib/libc/stdlib/strtol.3
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"     @(#)strtol.3	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
 .\"
-.Dd November 28, 2001
+.Dd August 21, 2023
 .Dt STRTOL 3
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ If
 .Fa base
 is zero or 16,
 the string may then include a
+.Dq Li 0b
+prefix, and the number will be read in base 2; or it may include a
 .Dq Li 0x
 prefix,
 and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero
diff --git a/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoul.3 b/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoul.3
index e05d7a7728cd..41b3b2c578bc 100644
--- a/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoul.3
+++ b/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoul.3
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"     @(#)strtoul.3	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
 .\"
-.Dd November 28, 2001
+.Dd August 21, 2023
 .Dt STRTOUL 3
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ If
 .Fa base
 is zero or 16,
 the string may then include a
+.Dq Li 0b
+prefix, and the number will be read in base 2; or it may include a
 .Dq Li 0x
 prefix,
 and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero