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authorRuslan Ermilov <ru@FreeBSD.org>2004-07-02 23:52:20 +0000
committerRuslan Ermilov <ru@FreeBSD.org>2004-07-02 23:52:20 +0000
commit1a0a934547909744a6a2fa4cfd5b795ec6394f05 (patch)
tree23294a96f715e1e5bc35c1029ec151c90ee95b96 /lib/libc/sys
parente37a7c5f5a689c6f1994a879f5fa86066b7aac82 (diff)
downloadsrc-1a0a934547909744a6a2fa4cfd5b795ec6394f05.tar.gz
src-1a0a934547909744a6a2fa4cfd5b795ec6394f05.zip
Mechanically kill hard sentence breaks.
Notes
Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=131504
Diffstat (limited to 'lib/libc/sys')
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/accept.26
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/aio_error.26
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/aio_read.26
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/aio_suspend.29
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/aio_write.212
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/chmod.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/chroot.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/clock_gettime.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/close.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/dup.26
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/execve.212
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/fcntl.29
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/flock.29
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/fork.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/getdtablesize.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/getitimer.212
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/getlogin.26
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/getpriority.29
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/getrlimit.212
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/getrusage.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/getsockname.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/getsockopt.218
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/gettimeofday.26
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/intro.260
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/ioctl.22
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/issetugid.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/kldnext.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/kldstat.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/kqueue.245
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/link.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/lseek.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/madvise.230
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/mmap.22
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/modnext.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/modstat.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/nanosleep.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/open.22
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/poll.247
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/read.25
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/rename.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/rfork.215
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/sched_get_priority_max.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/sched_setparam.29
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/sched_setscheduler.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/sched_yield.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/select.29
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/semctl.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/semget.26
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/send.26
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/shm_open.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/shmat.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/shmctl.26
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/shmget.29
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/sigaction.22
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/socket.226
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/swapon.26
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/sysarch.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/truncate.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/umask.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/unlink.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/vfork.23
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/wait.26
-rw-r--r--lib/libc/sys/write.26
63 files changed, 345 insertions, 176 deletions
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/accept.2 b/lib/libc/sys/accept.2
index 387c7fc76aa1..5b844c653444 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/accept.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/accept.2
@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ connections are present on the queue,
returns an error as described below.
The accepted socket
may not be used
-to accept more connections. The original socket
+to accept more connections.
+The original socket
.Fa s
remains open.
.Pp
@@ -130,7 +131,8 @@ For some applications, performance may be enhanced by using an
.Xr accept_filter 9
to pre-process incoming connections.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
-The call returns \-1 on error. If it succeeds, it returns a non-negative
+The call returns \-1 on error.
+If it succeeds, it returns a non-negative
integer that is a descriptor for the accepted socket.
.Sh ERRORS
The
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/aio_error.2 b/lib/libc/sys/aio_error.2
index 02b0caab5b40..91bb0974d01c 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/aio_error.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/aio_error.2
@@ -45,9 +45,11 @@ associated with the structure pointed to by
.Sh RETURN VALUES
If the asynchronous I/O request has completed successfully,
.Fn aio_error
-returns 0. If the request has not yet completed,
+returns 0.
+If the request has not yet completed,
.Er EINPROGRESS
-is returned. If the request has completed unsuccessfully the error
+is returned.
+If the request has completed unsuccessfully the error
status is returned as described in
.Xr read 2 ,
.Xr write 2 ,
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/aio_read.2 b/lib/libc/sys/aio_read.2
index 0358b234b3ec..047661b4b6c4 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/aio_read.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/aio_read.2
@@ -85,7 +85,8 @@ The Asynchronous I/O Control Block structure pointed to by
and the buffer that the
.Fa iocb->aio_buf
member of that structure references must remain valid until the
-operation has completed. For this reason, use of auto (stack) variables
+operation has completed.
+For this reason, use of auto (stack) variables
for these objects is discouraged.
.Pp
The asynchronous I/O control buffer
@@ -122,7 +123,8 @@ system call is not supported.
.Pp
The following conditions may be synchronously detected when the
.Fn aio_read
-system call is made, or asynchronously, at any time thereafter. If they
+system call is made, or asynchronously, at any time thereafter.
+If they
are detected at call time,
.Fn aio_read
returns -1 and sets
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/aio_suspend.2 b/lib/libc/sys/aio_suspend.2
index ec5e5db11c58..06d278a99962 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/aio_suspend.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/aio_suspend.2
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ The
argument
is an array of
.Fa niocb
-pointers to asynchronous I/O requests. Array members containing
+pointers to asynchronous I/O requests.
+Array members containing
NULL will be silently ignored.
.Pp
If
@@ -58,7 +59,8 @@ If
is a non-nil pointer, it specifies a maximum interval to suspend.
If
.Fa timeout
-is a nil pointer, the suspend blocks indefinitely. To effect a
+is a nil pointer, the suspend blocks indefinitely.
+To effect a
poll, the
.Fa timeout
should point to a zero-value timespec structure.
@@ -66,7 +68,8 @@ should point to a zero-value timespec structure.
If one or more of the specified asynchronous I/O requests have
completed,
.Fn aio_suspend
-returns 0. Otherwise it returns -1 and sets
+returns 0.
+Otherwise it returns -1 and sets
.Va errno
to indicate the error, as enumerated below.
.Sh ERRORS
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/aio_write.2 b/lib/libc/sys/aio_write.2
index e417f828b3db..5fe8d9804616 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/aio_write.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/aio_write.2
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ to the descriptor
.Fa iocb->aio_fildes .
The call returns immediately after the write request has been enqueued
to the descriptor; the write may or may not have completed at the time
-the call returns. If the request could not be enqueued, generally due
+the call returns.
+If the request could not be enqueued, generally due
to invalid arguments, the call returns without having enqueued the
request.
.Pp
@@ -57,7 +58,8 @@ is set for
.Fa iocb->aio_fildes ,
.Fn aio_write
operations append to the file in the same order as the calls were
-made. If
+made.
+If
.Dv O_APPEND
is not set for the file descriptor, the write operation will occur at
the absolute position from the beginning of the file plus
@@ -89,7 +91,8 @@ The Asynchronous I/O Control Block structure pointed to by
and the buffer that the
.Fa iocb->aio_buf
member of that structure references must remain valid until the
-operation has completed. For this reason, use of auto (stack) variables
+operation has completed.
+For this reason, use of auto (stack) variables
for these objects is discouraged.
.Pp
The asynchronous I/O control buffer
@@ -124,7 +127,8 @@ system call is not supported.
.Pp
The following conditions may be synchronously detected when the
.Fn aio_write
-system call is made, or asynchronously, at any time thereafter. If they
+system call is made, or asynchronously, at any time thereafter.
+If they
are detected at call time,
.Fn aio_write
returns -1 and sets
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/chmod.2 b/lib/libc/sys/chmod.2
index 66b4d568303e..7da7092710a6 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/chmod.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/chmod.2
@@ -132,7 +132,8 @@ then the owner of any new files and sub-directories
created within this directory are set
to be the same as the owner of that directory.
If this function is enabled, new directories will inherit
-the bit from their parents. Execute bits are removed from
+the bit from their parents.
+Execute bits are removed from
the file, and it will not be given to root.
This behavior does not change the
requirements for the user to be allowed to write the file, but only the eventual
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/chroot.2 b/lib/libc/sys/chroot.2
index b2c3b4ea1636..7142e0d4ea90 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/chroot.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/chroot.2
@@ -97,7 +97,8 @@ Any other value for
.Ql kern.chroot_allow_open_directories
will bypass the check for open directories
.Pp
-Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise,
+Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned.
+Otherwise,
a value of -1 is returned and
.Va errno
is set to indicate an error.
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/clock_gettime.2 b/lib/libc/sys/clock_gettime.2
index f519094f62d4..a60887011460 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/clock_gettime.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/clock_gettime.2
@@ -95,7 +95,8 @@ system call even when the system is secure.
.Pp
The resolution (granularity) of a clock is returned by the
.Fn clock_getres
-system call. This value is placed in a (non-NULL)
+system call.
+This value is placed in a (non-NULL)
.Fa *tp .
.Sh RETURN VALUES
.Rv -std
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/close.2 b/lib/libc/sys/close.2
index 26b4fbdfa065..04dbe3df1ab2 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/close.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/close.2
@@ -83,7 +83,8 @@ all descriptors for the new child process reference the same
objects as they did in the parent before the fork.
If a new process is then to be run using
.Xr execve 2 ,
-the process would normally inherit these descriptors. Most
+the process would normally inherit these descriptors.
+Most
of the descriptors can be rearranged with
.Xr dup2 2
or deleted with
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/dup.2 b/lib/libc/sys/dup.2
index f4da9f598231..ef903f946a48 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/dup.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/dup.2
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ the calling process
The argument
.Fa oldd
is a small non-negative integer index in
-the per-process descriptor table. The value must be less
+the per-process descriptor table.
+The value must be less
than the size of the table, which is returned by
.Xr getdtablesize 2 .
The new descriptor returned by the call
@@ -96,7 +97,8 @@ In
.Fn dup2 ,
the value of the new descriptor
.Fa newd
-is specified. If this descriptor is already in use and
+is specified.
+If this descriptor is already in use and
.Fa oldd
\*(Ne
.Fa newd ,
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/execve.2 b/lib/libc/sys/execve.2
index 9b0f22c6fac5..427f9ab8dbe0 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/execve.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/execve.2
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ This file is either an executable object file,
or a file of data for an interpreter.
An executable object file consists of an identifying header,
followed by pages of data representing the initial program (text)
-and initialized data pages. Additional pages may be specified
+and initialized data pages.
+Additional pages may be specified
by the header to be initialized with zero data; see
.Xr elf 5
and
@@ -87,7 +88,8 @@ and the name of the originally
file becomes the second argument;
otherwise, the name of the originally
.Sy execve Ap d
-file becomes the first argument. The original arguments are shifted over to
+file becomes the first argument.
+The original arguments are shifted over to
become the subsequent arguments.
The zeroth argument is set to the specified
.Em interpreter .
@@ -97,7 +99,8 @@ The argument
is a pointer to a null-terminated array of
character pointers to null-terminated character strings.
These strings construct the argument list to be made available to the new
-process. At least one argument must be present in
+process.
+At least one argument must be present in
the array; by custom, the first element should be
the name of the executed program (for example, the last component of
.Fa path ) .
@@ -159,7 +162,8 @@ These values may be used in changing the effective IDs later (see
.Pp
The set-ID bits are not honored if the respective file system has the
.Cm nosuid
-option enabled or if the new process file is an interpreter file. Syscall
+option enabled or if the new process file is an interpreter file.
+Syscall
tracing is disabled if effective IDs are changed.
.Pp
The new process also inherits the following attributes from
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/fcntl.2 b/lib/libc/sys/fcntl.2
index 92b744035791..804b4abda454 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/fcntl.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/fcntl.2
@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ The argument
.Fa fd
is a descriptor to be operated on by
.Fa cmd
-as described below. Depending on the value of
+as described below.
+Depending on the value of
.Fa cmd ,
.Fn fcntl
can take an additional third argument
@@ -157,8 +158,10 @@ corresponds to the
flag of
.Xr open 2 .
.It Dv O_DIRECT
-Minimize or eliminate the cache effects of reading and writing. The system
-will attempt to avoid caching the data you read or write. If it cannot
+Minimize or eliminate the cache effects of reading and writing.
+The system
+will attempt to avoid caching the data you read or write.
+If it cannot
avoid caching the data, it will minimize the impact the data has on the cache.
Use of this flag can drastically reduce performance if not used with care.
.It Dv O_ASYNC
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/flock.2 b/lib/libc/sys/flock.2
index 1d095bdf3eba..acb9741e2092 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/flock.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/flock.2
@@ -93,7 +93,8 @@ after other processes have gained and released the lock).
.Pp
Requesting a lock on an object that is already locked
normally causes the caller to be blocked until the lock may be
-acquired. If
+acquired.
+If
.Dv LOCK_NB
is included in
.Fa operation ,
@@ -102,13 +103,15 @@ the error
.Er EWOULDBLOCK
will be returned.
.Sh NOTES
-Locks are on files, not file descriptors. That is, file descriptors
+Locks are on files, not file descriptors.
+That is, file descriptors
duplicated through
.Xr dup 2
or
.Xr fork 2
do not result in multiple instances of a lock, but rather multiple
-references to a single lock. If a process holding a lock on a file
+references to a single lock.
+If a process holding a lock on a file
forks and the child explicitly unlocks the file, the parent will
lose its lock.
.Pp
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/fork.2 b/lib/libc/sys/fork.2
index a1adafddab82..5dd641360dd0 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/fork.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/fork.2
@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ Upon successful completion,
.Fn fork
returns a value
of 0 to the child process and returns the process ID of the child
-process to the parent process. Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned
+process to the parent process.
+Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned
to the parent process, no child process is created, and the global
variable
.Va errno
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/getdtablesize.2 b/lib/libc/sys/getdtablesize.2
index cda45fa19679..b53571e91ab8 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/getdtablesize.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/getdtablesize.2
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@
.Fn getdtablesize void
.Sh DESCRIPTION
Each process has a fixed size descriptor table,
-which is guaranteed to have at least 20 slots. The entries in
+which is guaranteed to have at least 20 slots.
+The entries in
the descriptor table are numbered with small integers starting at 0.
The
.Fn getdtablesize
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/getitimer.2 b/lib/libc/sys/getitimer.2
index 99499830e055..babcd3bc1db2 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/getitimer.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/getitimer.2
@@ -102,7 +102,8 @@ system clock are rounded up to this resolution
.Pp
The
.Dv ITIMER_REAL
-timer decrements in real time. A
+timer decrements in real time.
+A
.Dv SIGALRM
signal is
delivered when this timer expires.
@@ -110,7 +111,8 @@ delivered when this timer expires.
The
.Dv ITIMER_VIRTUAL
timer decrements in process virtual time.
-It runs only when the process is executing. A
+It runs only when the process is executing.
+A
.Dv SIGVTALRM
signal
is delivered when it expires.
@@ -118,7 +120,8 @@ is delivered when it expires.
The
.Dv ITIMER_PROF
timer decrements both in process virtual time and
-when the system is running on behalf of the process. It is designed
+when the system is running on behalf of the process.
+It is designed
to be used by interpreters in statistically profiling the execution
of interpreted programs.
Each time the
@@ -126,7 +129,8 @@ Each time the
timer expires, the
.Dv SIGPROF
signal is
-delivered. Because this signal may interrupt in-progress
+delivered.
+Because this signal may interrupt in-progress
system calls, programs using this timer must be prepared to
restart interrupted system calls.
.Pp
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/getlogin.2 b/lib/libc/sys/getlogin.2
index c7d03c7e0993..9a254f3cef5b 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/getlogin.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/getlogin.2
@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ except the caller must provide the buffer
with length
.Fa len
bytes
-to hold the result. The buffer should be at least
+to hold the result.
+The buffer should be at least
.Dv MAXLOGNAME
bytes in length.
.Pp
@@ -103,7 +104,8 @@ Making a
.Fn setsid
system call is the
.Em ONLY
-way to do this. The
+way to do this.
+The
.Xr daemon 3
function calls
.Fn setsid
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/getpriority.2 b/lib/libc/sys/getpriority.2
index 0b580dc014d0..6e7ab2ad3869 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/getpriority.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/getpriority.2
@@ -84,16 +84,19 @@ denotes the current process, process group, or user.
The
.Fa prio
argument
-is a value in the range -20 to 20. The default priority is 0;
+is a value in the range -20 to 20.
+The default priority is 0;
lower priorities cause more favorable scheduling.
.Pp
The
.Fn getpriority
system call returns the highest priority (lowest numerical value)
-enjoyed by any of the specified processes. The
+enjoyed by any of the specified processes.
+The
.Fn setpriority
system call sets the priorities of all of the specified processes
-to the specified value. Only the super-user may lower priorities.
+to the specified value.
+Only the super-user may lower priorities.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
Since
.Fn getpriority
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/getrlimit.2 b/lib/libc/sys/getrlimit.2
index 159989a8929a..1e670836dcf3 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/getrlimit.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/getrlimit.2
@@ -103,11 +103,13 @@ this defines how far a program's stack segment may be extended.
Stack extension is performed automatically by the system.
.El
.Pp
-A resource limit is specified as a soft limit and a hard limit. When a
+A resource limit is specified as a soft limit and a hard limit.
+When a
soft limit is exceeded a process may receive a signal (for example, if
the cpu time or file size is exceeded), but it will be allowed to
continue execution until it reaches the hard limit (or modifies
-its resource limit). The
+its resource limit).
+The
.Vt rlimit
structure is used to specify the hard and soft limits on a resource,
.Bd -literal -offset indent
@@ -117,7 +119,8 @@ struct rlimit {
};
.Ed
.Pp
-Only the super-user may raise the maximum limits. Other users
+Only the super-user may raise the maximum limits.
+Other users
may only alter
.Fa rlim_cur
within the range from 0 to
@@ -152,7 +155,8 @@ A file I/O operation that would create a file larger that the process'
soft limit will cause the write to fail and a signal
.Dv SIGXFSZ
to be
-generated; this normally terminates the process, but may be caught. When
+generated; this normally terminates the process, but may be caught.
+When
the soft cpu time limit is exceeded, a signal
.Dv SIGXCPU
is sent to the
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/getrusage.2 b/lib/libc/sys/getrusage.2
index 6a529c1d043c..9bafce34a1a8 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/getrusage.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/getrusage.2
@@ -99,7 +99,8 @@ an
.Dq integral
value indicating the amount of memory used
by the text segment
-that was also shared among other processes. This value is expressed
+that was also shared among other processes.
+This value is expressed
in units of kilobytes * ticks-of-execution.
Ticks are statistics clock ticks.
The statistics clock has a frequency of
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/getsockname.2 b/lib/libc/sys/getsockname.2
index 68c5bdb1a93f..0c285ad6a1d5 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/getsockname.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/getsockname.2
@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ The
system call
returns the current
.Fa name
-for the specified socket. The
+for the specified socket.
+The
.Fa namelen
argument should be initialized to indicate
the amount of space pointed to by
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/getsockopt.2 b/lib/libc/sys/getsockopt.2
index b30eba968dbb..ccc71e3ae1e3 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/getsockopt.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/getsockopt.2
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ and
system calls
manipulate the
.Em options
-associated with a socket. Options may exist at multiple
+associated with a socket.
+Options may exist at multiple
protocol levels; they are always present at the uppermost
.Dq socket
level.
@@ -69,7 +70,8 @@ is specified as
.Dv SOL_SOCKET .
To manipulate options at any
other level the protocol number of the appropriate protocol
-controlling the option is supplied. For example,
+controlling the option is supplied.
+For example,
to indicate that an option is to be interpreted by the
.Tn TCP
protocol,
@@ -89,14 +91,16 @@ are used to access option values for
For
.Fn getsockopt
they identify a buffer in which the value for the
-requested option(s) are to be returned. For
+requested option(s) are to be returned.
+For
.Fn getsockopt ,
.Fa optlen
is a value-result argument, initially containing the
size of the buffer pointed to by
.Fa optval ,
and modified on return to indicate the actual size of
-the value returned. If no option value is
+the value returned.
+If no option value is
to be supplied or returned,
.Fa optval
may be NULL.
@@ -179,14 +183,16 @@ This option permits multiple instances of a program to each
receive UDP/IP multicast or broadcast datagrams destined for the bound port.
.Dv SO_KEEPALIVE
enables the
-periodic transmission of messages on a connected socket. Should the
+periodic transmission of messages on a connected socket.
+Should the
connected party fail to respond to these messages, the connection is
considered broken and processes using the socket are notified via a
.Dv SIGPIPE
signal when attempting to send data.
.Dv SO_DONTROUTE
indicates that outgoing messages should
-bypass the standard routing facilities. Instead, messages are directed
+bypass the standard routing facilities.
+Instead, messages are directed
to the appropriate network interface according to the network portion
of the destination address.
.Pp
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/gettimeofday.2 b/lib/libc/sys/gettimeofday.2
index 3812e54758a1..f10425340dce 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/gettimeofday.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/gettimeofday.2
@@ -58,8 +58,10 @@ zone is obtained with the
.Fn gettimeofday
system call, and set with the
.Fn settimeofday
-system call. The time is expressed in seconds and microseconds
-since midnight (0 hour), January 1, 1970. The resolution of the system
+system call.
+The time is expressed in seconds and microseconds
+since midnight (0 hour), January 1, 1970.
+The resolution of the system
clock is hardware dependent, and the time may be updated continuously or
in
.Dq ticks .
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/intro.2 b/lib/libc/sys/intro.2
index 6be0ac0c568a..b16c3eaba9de 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/intro.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/intro.2
@@ -322,7 +322,8 @@ The host you were connected to crashed and rebooted.
.It Er 53 ECONNABORTED Em "Software caused connection abort" .
A connection abort was caused internal to your host machine.
.It Er 54 ECONNRESET Em "Connection reset by peer" .
-A connection was forcibly closed by a peer. This normally
+A connection was forcibly closed by a peer.
+This normally
results from a loss of the connection on the remote socket
due to a timeout or a reboot.
.It Er 55 ENOBUFS Em "\&No buffer space available" .
@@ -353,11 +354,13 @@ A
or
.Xr send 2
request failed because the connected party did not
-properly respond after a period of time. (The timeout
+properly respond after a period of time.
+(The timeout
period is dependent on the communication protocol.)
.It Er 61 ECONNREFUSED Em "Connection refused" .
No connection could be made because the target machine actively
-refused it. This usually results from trying to connect
+refused it.
+This usually results from trying to connect
to a service that is inactive on the foreign host.
.It Er 62 ELOOP Em "Too many levels of symbolic links" .
A path name lookup involved more than 32
@@ -462,7 +465,8 @@ at run-time.
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Process ID .
Each active process in the system is uniquely identified by a non-negative
-integer called a process ID. The range of this ID is from 0 to 99999.
+integer called a process ID.
+The range of this ID is from 0 to 99999.
.It Parent process ID
A new process is created by a currently active process; (see
.Xr fork 2 ) .
@@ -472,8 +476,10 @@ the parent process ID of each child is set to the ID of a system process,
.Xr init 8 .
.It Process Group
Each active process is a member of a process group that is identified by
-a non-negative integer called the process group ID. This is the process
-ID of the group leader. This grouping permits the signaling of related
+a non-negative integer called the process group ID.
+This is the process
+ID of the group leader.
+This grouping permits the signaling of related
processes (see
.Xr termios 4 )
and the job control mechanisms of
@@ -527,7 +533,8 @@ termed the real user ID.
.Pp
Each user is also a member of one or more groups.
One of these groups is distinguished from others and
-used in implementing accounting facilities. The positive
+used in implementing accounting facilities.
+The positive
integer corresponding to this distinguished group is termed
the real group ID.
.Pp
@@ -544,7 +551,8 @@ group IDs, and it is unspecified whether the effective group ID is
a member of the list.)
.Pp
The effective user ID and effective group ID are initially the
-process's real user ID and real group ID respectively. Either
+process's real user ID and real group ID respectively.
+Either
may be modified through execution of a set-user-ID or set-group-ID
file (possibly by one its ancestors) (see
.Xr execve 2 ) .
@@ -553,7 +561,8 @@ list) is duplicated, so that the execution of a set-group-ID program
does not result in the loss of the original (real) group ID.
.Pp
The group access list is a set of group IDs
-used only in determining resource accessibility. Access checks
+used only in determining resource accessibility.
+Access checks
are performed as described below in ``File Access Permissions''.
.It "Saved Set User ID and Saved Set Group ID"
When a process executes a new file, the effective user ID is set
@@ -625,12 +634,14 @@ If a path name begins with a slash, the path search begins at the
.Em root
directory.
Otherwise, the search begins from the current working directory.
-A slash by itself names the root directory. An empty
+A slash by itself names the root directory.
+An empty
pathname refers to the current directory.
.It Directory
A directory is a special type of file that contains entries
that are references to other files.
-Directory entries are called links. By convention, a directory
+Directory entries are called links.
+By convention, a directory
contains at least two links,
.Ql .\&
and
@@ -639,32 +650,38 @@ referred to as
.Em dot
and
.Em dot-dot
-respectively. Dot refers to the directory itself and
+respectively.
+Dot refers to the directory itself and
dot-dot refers to its parent directory.
.It "Root Directory and Current Working Directory"
Each process has associated with it a concept of a root directory
and a current working directory for the purpose of resolving path
-name searches. A process's root directory need not be the root
+name searches.
+A process's root directory need not be the root
directory of the root file system.
.It File Access Permissions
Every file in the file system has a set of access permissions.
These permissions are used in determining whether a process
may perform a requested operation on the file (such as opening
-a file for writing). Access permissions are established at the
-time a file is created. They may be changed at some later time
+a file for writing).
+Access permissions are established at the
+time a file is created.
+They may be changed at some later time
through the
.Xr chmod 2
call.
.Pp
File access is broken down according to whether a file may be: read,
-written, or executed. Directory files use the execute
+written, or executed.
+Directory files use the execute
permission to control if the directory may be searched.
.Pp
File access permissions are interpreted by the system as
they apply to three different classes of users: the owner
of the file, those users in the file's group, anyone else.
Every file has an independent set of access permissions for
-each of these classes. When an access check is made, the system
+each of these classes.
+When an access check is made, the system
decides if permission should be granted by checking the access
information applicable to the caller.
.Pp
@@ -707,9 +724,12 @@ for more information about the types available and
their properties.
.Pp
Each instance of the system supports some number of sets of
-communications protocols. Each protocol set supports addresses
-of a certain format. An Address Family is the set of addresses
-for a specific group of protocols. Each socket has an address
+communications protocols.
+Each protocol set supports addresses
+of a certain format.
+An Address Family is the set of addresses
+for a specific group of protocols.
+Each socket has an address
chosen from the address family in which the socket was created.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/ioctl.2 b/lib/libc/sys/ioctl.2
index b6de37ea77d0..e5a902f3831d 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/ioctl.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/ioctl.2
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ The
.Fn ioctl
system call manipulates the underlying device parameters of special files.
In particular, many operating
-characteristics of character special files (e.g. terminals)
+characteristics of character special files (e.g.\& terminals)
may be controlled with
.Fn ioctl
requests.
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/issetugid.2 b/lib/libc/sys/issetugid.2
index 5b0e6e71e868..a9b234bef2db 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/issetugid.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/issetugid.2
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ system call (or other library code that calls fork, such as
It is assumed that a program that clears all privileges as it prepares
to execute another will also reset the environment, hence the
.Dq tainted
-status will not be passed on. This is important for programs such as
+status will not be passed on.
+This is important for programs such as
.Xr su 1
which begin setuid but need to be able to create an untainted process.
.Sh ERRORS
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/kldnext.2 b/lib/libc/sys/kldnext.2
index 4cf443c94004..9588647cc24e 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/kldnext.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/kldnext.2
@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ is the last file loaded.
The
.Fn kldnext
system call
-returns the fileid of the next kld file (see DESCRIPTION) or 0. If an error
+returns the fileid of the next kld file (see DESCRIPTION) or 0.
+If an error
occurs,
.Va errno
is set to indicate the error.
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/kldstat.2 b/lib/libc/sys/kldstat.2
index 5f915204ebe2..946417a1b46d 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/kldstat.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/kldstat.2
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ The file was not found (probably not loaded).
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The version specified in the
.Fa version
-field of stat is not the proper version. You would need to rebuild world, the
+field of stat is not the proper version.
+You would need to rebuild world, the
kernel, or your application, if this error occurs, given that you did properly
fill in the
.Fa version
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/kqueue.2 b/lib/libc/sys/kqueue.2
index 4baaf69eac12..5e84e8a0d1be 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/kqueue.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/kqueue.2
@@ -124,15 +124,18 @@ specified unlike
If
.Fa timeout
is a non-NULL pointer, it specifies a maximum interval to wait
-for an event, which will be interpreted as a struct timespec. If
+for an event, which will be interpreted as a struct timespec.
+If
.Fa timeout
is a NULL pointer,
.Fn kevent
-waits indefinitely. To effect a poll, the
+waits indefinitely.
+To effect a poll, the
.Fa timeout
argument should be non-NULL, pointing to a zero-valued
.Va timespec
-structure. The same array may be used for the
+structure.
+The same array may be used for the
.Fa changelist
and
.Fa eventlist .
@@ -165,7 +168,8 @@ Value used to identify this event.
The exact interpretation is determined by the attached filter,
but often is a file descriptor.
.It filter
-Identifies the kernel filter used to process this event. The pre-defined
+Identifies the kernel filter used to process this event.
+The pre-defined
system filters are described below.
.It flags
Actions to perform on the event.
@@ -182,9 +186,11 @@ The
field can contain the following values:
.Bl -tag -width XXXEV_ONESHOT
.It EV_ADD
-Adds the event to the kqueue. Re-adding an existing event
+Adds the event to the kqueue.
+Re-adding an existing event
will modify the parameters of the original event, and not result
-in a duplicate entry. Adding an event automatically enables it,
+in a duplicate entry.
+Adding an event automatically enables it,
unless overridden by the EV_DISABLE flag.
.It EV_ENABLE
Permit
@@ -193,19 +199,23 @@ to return the event if it is triggered.
.It EV_DISABLE
Disable the event so
.Fn kevent
-will not return it. The filter itself is not disabled.
+will not return it.
+The filter itself is not disabled.
.It EV_DELETE
-Removes the event from the kqueue. Events which are attached to
+Removes the event from the kqueue.
+Events which are attached to
file descriptors are automatically deleted on the last close of
the descriptor.
.It EV_ONESHOT
Causes the event to return only the first occurrence of the filter
-being triggered. After the user retrieves the event from the kqueue,
+being triggered.
+After the user retrieves the event from the kqueue,
it is deleted.
.It EV_CLEAR
After the event is retrieved by the user, its state is reset.
This is useful for filters which report state transitions
-instead of the current state. Note that some filters may automatically
+instead of the current state.
+Note that some filters may automatically
set this flag internally.
.It EV_EOF
Filters may set this flag to indicate filter-specific EOF condition.
@@ -283,7 +293,8 @@ contains the number of bytes available.
.El
.It EVFILT_WRITE
Takes a descriptor as the identifier, and returns whenever
-it is possible to write to the descriptor. For sockets, pipes
+it is possible to write to the descriptor.
+For sockets, pipes
and fifos,
.Va data
will contain the amount of space remaining in the write buffer.
@@ -319,7 +330,8 @@ Alternatively, a kevent structure may be initialized, with
containing the descriptor of the kqueue, and the
address of the kevent structure placed in the
.Va aio_lio_opcode
-field of the AIO request. However, this approach will not work on
+field of the AIO request.
+However, this approach will not work on
architectures with 64-bit pointers, and should be considered deprecated.
.It EVFILT_VNODE
Takes a file descriptor as the identifier and the events to watch for in
@@ -371,7 +383,8 @@ or similar call.
.It NOTE_TRACK
Follow a process across
.Fn fork
-calls. The parent process will return with NOTE_TRACK set in the
+calls.
+The parent process will return with NOTE_TRACK set in the
.Va fflags
field, while the child process will return with NOTE_CHILD set in
.Va fflags
@@ -392,9 +405,11 @@ This coexists with the
.Fn signal
and
.Fn sigaction
-facilities, and has a lower precedence. The filter will record
+facilities, and has a lower precedence.
+The filter will record
all attempts to deliver a signal to a process, even if the signal has
-been marked as SIG_IGN. Event notification happens after normal
+been marked as SIG_IGN.
+Event notification happens after normal
signal delivery processing.
.Va data
returns the number of times the signal has occurred since the last call to
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/link.2 b/lib/libc/sys/link.2
index 9c064b4a9418..f39768a5d35d 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/link.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/link.2
@@ -170,5 +170,6 @@ function appeared in
The
.Fn link
system call traditionally allows the super-user to link directories which
-corrupts the file system coherency. This implementation no longer permits
+corrupts the file system coherency.
+This implementation no longer permits
it.
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/lseek.2 b/lib/libc/sys/lseek.2
index 30cf1e04d259..13bcf2177dba 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/lseek.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/lseek.2
@@ -101,7 +101,8 @@ If data is later written
at this point, subsequent reads of the data in the gap return
bytes of zeros (until data is actually written into the gap).
.Pp
-Some devices are incapable of seeking. The value of the pointer
+Some devices are incapable of seeking.
+The value of the pointer
associated with such a device is undefined.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion,
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/madvise.2 b/lib/libc/sys/madvise.2
index 25cb5c7b69ec..ea7e8efe7504 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/madvise.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/madvise.2
@@ -70,23 +70,28 @@ pages immediately preceding a given page when it is faulted in.
.It Dv MADV_WILLNEED
Causes pages that are in a given virtual address range
to temporarily have higher priority, and if they are in
-memory, decrease the likelihood of them being freed. Additionally,
+memory, decrease the likelihood of them being freed.
+Additionally,
the pages that are already in memory will be immediately mapped into
the process, thereby eliminating unnecessary overhead of going through
-the entire process of faulting the pages in. This WILL NOT fault
+the entire process of faulting the pages in.
+This WILL NOT fault
pages in from backing store, but quickly map the pages already in memory
into the calling process.
.It Dv MADV_DONTNEED
Allows the VM system to decrease the in-memory priority
-of pages in the specified range. Additionally future references to
+of pages in the specified range.
+Additionally future references to
this address range will incur a page fault.
.It Dv MADV_FREE
Gives the VM system the freedom to free pages,
and tells the system that information in the specified page range
-is no longer important. This is an efficient way of allowing
+is no longer important.
+This is an efficient way of allowing
.Xr malloc 3
to free pages anywhere in the address space, while keeping the address space
-valid. The next time that the page is referenced, the page might be demand
+valid.
+The next time that the page is referenced, the page might be demand
zeroed, or might contain the data that was there before the
.Dv MADV_FREE
call.
@@ -95,9 +100,11 @@ page the information back in from backing store until the page is
modified again.
.It Dv MADV_NOSYNC
Request that the system not flush the data associated with this map to
-physical backing store unless it needs to. Typically this prevents the
+physical backing store unless it needs to.
+Typically this prevents the
file system update daemon from gratuitously writing pages dirtied
-by the VM system to physical disk. Note that VM/file system coherency is
+by the VM system to physical disk.
+Note that VM/file system coherency is
always maintained, this feature simply ensures that the mapped data is
only flush when it needs to be, usually by the system pager.
.Pp
@@ -106,14 +113,17 @@ memory area to communicate between processes (IPC) and do not particularly
need the data being stored in that area to be physically written to disk.
With this feature you get the equivalent performance with mmap that you
would expect to get with SysV shared memory calls, but in a more controllable
-and less restrictive manner. However, note that this feature is not portable
+and less restrictive manner.
+However, note that this feature is not portable
across UNIX platforms (though some may do the right thing by default).
For more information see the MAP_NOSYNC section of
.Xr mmap 2
.It Dv MADV_AUTOSYNC
Undoes the effects of MADV_NOSYNC for any future pages dirtied within the
-address range. The effect on pages already dirtied is indeterminate - they
-may or may not be reverted. You can guarantee reversion by using the
+address range.
+The effect on pages already dirtied is indeterminate - they
+may or may not be reverted.
+You can guarantee reversion by using the
.Xr msync 2
or
.Xr fsync 2
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/mmap.2 b/lib/libc/sys/mmap.2
index 8d6cfd76dfe7..798396e50671 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/mmap.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/mmap.2
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ it.
You can test file fragmentation by observing the KB/t (kilobytes per
transfer) results from an
.Dq Li iostat 1
-while reading a large file sequentially, e.g. using
+while reading a large file sequentially, e.g.\& using
.Dq Li dd if=filename of=/dev/null bs=32k .
.Pp
The
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/modnext.2 b/lib/libc/sys/modnext.2
index b512b7bce374..3a6f69b70947 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/modnext.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/modnext.2
@@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ The
system call
returns the modid of the next module (see
.Sx DESCRIPTION )
-or 0. If an error
+or 0.
+If an error
occurs,
.Va errno
is set to indicate the error.
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/modstat.2 b/lib/libc/sys/modstat.2
index 21673f5574d1..935623243c8c 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/modstat.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/modstat.2
@@ -95,7 +95,8 @@ The module was not found (probably not loaded).
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The version specified in the
.Fa version
-field of stat is not the proper version. You would need to rebuild world, the
+field of stat is not the proper version.
+You would need to rebuild world, the
kernel, or your application, if this error occurs, given that you did properly
fill in the
.Fa version
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/nanosleep.2 b/lib/libc/sys/nanosleep.2
index 2d03ee5673d3..f086305d2e5b 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/nanosleep.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/nanosleep.2
@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@
The
.Fn nanosleep
system call
-causes the process to sleep for the specified time. An unmasked signal will
+causes the process to sleep for the specified time.
+An unmasked signal will
cause it to terminate the sleep early, regardless of the
.Dv SA_RESTART
value on the interrupting signal.
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/open.2 b/lib/libc/sys/open.2
index 8048ee55c6df..14d8722a109d 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/open.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/open.2
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ or
is specified but the underlying file system does not support locking.
.It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP
The named file is a special file mounted through a file system that
-does not support access to it (e.g. NFS).
+does not support access to it (e.g.\& NFS).
.It Bq Er EWOULDBLOCK
.Dv O_NONBLOCK
and one of
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/poll.2 b/lib/libc/sys/poll.2
index 3456350bc3c7..28c426e6495c 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/poll.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/poll.2
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ The
.Fa fds
argument is a pointer to an array of pollfd structures as defined in
.In poll.h
-(shown below). The
+(shown below).
+The
.Fa nfds
argument determines the size of the
.Fa fds
@@ -68,13 +69,16 @@ The fields of
are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width XXXrevents
.It fd
-File descriptor to poll. If fd is equal to -1 then
+File descriptor to poll.
+If fd is equal to -1 then
.Fa revents
is cleared (set to zero), and that pollfd is not checked.
.It events
-Events to poll for. (See below.)
+Events to poll for.
+(See below.)
.It revents
-Events which may occur. (See below.)
+Events which may occur.
+(See below.)
.El
.Pp
The event bitmasks in
@@ -97,15 +101,18 @@ Normal data may be written without blocking.
.It POLLWRBAND
Data with a non-zero priority may be written without blocking.
.It POLLERR
-An exceptional condition has occurred on the device or socket. This
+An exceptional condition has occurred on the device or socket.
+This
flag is always checked, even if not present in the
.Fa events
bitmask.
.It POLLHUP
-The device or socket has been disconnected. This flag is always
+The device or socket has been disconnected.
+This flag is always
checked, even if not present in the
.Fa events
-bitmask. Note that
+bitmask.
+Note that
POLLHUP
and
POLLOUT
@@ -113,7 +120,8 @@ should never be present in the
.Fa revents
bitmask at the same time.
.It POLLNVAL
-The file descriptor is not open. This flag is always checked, even
+The file descriptor is not open.
+This flag is always checked, even
if not present in the
.Fa events
bitmask.
@@ -122,9 +130,11 @@ bitmask.
If
.Fa timeout
is neither zero nor INFTIM (-1), it specifies a maximum interval to
-wait for any file descriptor to become ready, in milliseconds. If
+wait for any file descriptor to become ready, in milliseconds.
+If
.Fa timeout
-is INFTIM (-1), the poll blocks indefinitely. If
+is INFTIM (-1), the poll blocks indefinitely.
+If
.Fa timeout
is zero, then
.Fn poll
@@ -134,7 +144,8 @@ The
.Fn poll
system call
returns the number of descriptors that are ready for I/O, or -1 if an
-error occurred. If the time limit expires,
+error occurred.
+If the time limit expires,
.Fn poll
returns 0.
If
@@ -148,15 +159,18 @@ array will be unmodified.
This implementation differs from the historical one in that a given
file descriptor may not cause
.Fn poll
-to return with an error. In cases where this would have happened in
-the historical implementation (e.g. trying to poll a
+to return with an error.
+In cases where this would have happened in
+the historical implementation (e.g.\& trying to poll a
.Xr revoke 2 Ns ed
descriptor), this implementation instead copies the
.Fa events
bitmask to the
.Fa revents
-bitmask. Attempting to perform I/O on this descriptor will then
-return an error. This behaviour is believed to be more useful.
+bitmask.
+Attempting to perform I/O on this descriptor will then
+return an error.
+This behaviour is believed to be more useful.
.Sh ERRORS
An error return from
.Fn poll
@@ -187,7 +201,8 @@ The distinction between some of the fields in the
.Fa events
and
.Fa revents
-bitmasks is really not useful without STREAMS. The fields are
+bitmasks is really not useful without STREAMS.
+The fields are
defined for compatibility with existing software.
.Sh HISTORY
The
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/read.2 b/lib/libc/sys/read.2
index 8e3865217a79..1e98f3a3bb6f 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/read.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/read.2
@@ -112,7 +112,8 @@ Upon return from
the pointer is incremented by the number of bytes actually read.
.Pp
Objects that are not capable of seeking always read from the current
-position. The value of the pointer associated with such an
+position.
+The value of the pointer associated with such an
object is undefined.
.Pp
Upon successful completion,
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ and no data were ready to be read.
.It Bq Er EISDIR
The file descriptor is associated with a directory residing
on a file system that does not allow regular read operations on
-directories (e.g. NFS).
+directories (e.g.\& NFS).
.It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP
The file descriptor is associated with a file system and file type that
do not allow regular read operations on it.
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/rename.2 b/lib/libc/sys/rename.2
index 6a9be42f94fb..0080f409f6dd 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/rename.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/rename.2
@@ -168,7 +168,8 @@ The link named by
.Fa to
and the file named by
.Fa from
-are on different logical devices (file systems). Note that this error
+are on different logical devices (file systems).
+Note that this error
code will not be returned if the implementation permits cross-device
links.
.It Bq Er ENOSPC
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/rfork.2 b/lib/libc/sys/rfork.2
index 7f160ec369ac..d6c69dcf4563 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/rfork.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/rfork.2
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ If set, the kernel will force sharing of the entire address space,
typically by sharing the hardware page table directly.
The child
will thus inherit and share all the segments the parent process owns,
-whether they are normally shareable or not. The stack segment is
+whether they are normally shareable or not.
+The stack segment is
not split (both the parent and child return on the same stack) and thus
.Fn rfork
with the RFMEM flag may not generally be called directly from high level
@@ -67,7 +68,8 @@ languages including C.
May be set only with
.Dv RFPROC .
A helper function is provided to assist with this problem and will cause
-the new process to run on the provided stack. See
+the new process to run on the provided stack.
+See
.Xr rfork_thread 3
for information.
.It Dv RFSIGSHARE
@@ -75,7 +77,8 @@ If set, the kernel will force sharing the sigacts structure between the
child and the parent.
.It Dv RFLINUXTHPN
If set, the kernel will return SIGUSR1 instead of SIGCHILD upon thread
-exit for the child. This is intended to mimic certain Linux clone behaviour.
+exit for the child.
+This is intended to mimic certain Linux clone behaviour.
.El
.Pp
File descriptors in a shared file descriptor table are kept
@@ -110,7 +113,8 @@ Upon successful completion,
.Fn rfork
returns a value
of 0 to the child process and returns the process ID of the child
-process to the parent process. Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned
+process to the parent process.
+Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned
to the parent process, no child process is created, and the global
variable
.Va errno
@@ -166,7 +170,8 @@ does not yet implement a native
.Fn clone
library call, and the current pthreads implementation does not use
.Fn rfork
-with RFMEM. A native port of the linux threads library,
+with RFMEM.
+A native port of the linux threads library,
.Pa /usr/ports/devel/linuxthreads ,
contains a working
.Fn clone
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/sched_get_priority_max.2 b/lib/libc/sys/sched_get_priority_max.2
index 9f8104a07b61..88d1d6d1460d 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/sched_get_priority_max.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/sched_get_priority_max.2
@@ -82,7 +82,8 @@ If successful, the
and
.Fn sched_get_priority_min
system calls shall return the appropriate maximum or minimum values,
-respectively. If unsuccessful, they shall return a value of -1 and set
+respectively.
+If unsuccessful, they shall return a value of -1 and set
.Fa errno
to indicate the error.
.Pp
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/sched_setparam.2 b/lib/libc/sys/sched_setparam.2
index bfd91154cecf..dfc2ac0c6ebd 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/sched_setparam.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/sched_setparam.2
@@ -85,12 +85,14 @@ argument is set higher than that of the lowest priority running process
and if the specified process is ready to run, the process specified by
the
.Fa pid
-argument will preempt a lowest priority running process. Similarly, if
+argument will preempt a lowest priority running process.
+Similarly, if
the process calling
.Fn sched_setparam
sets its own priority lower than that of one or more other nonempty
process lists, then the process that is the head of the highest priority
-list will also preempt the calling process. Thus, in either case, the
+list will also preempt the calling process.
+Thus, in either case, the
originating process might not receive notification of the completion of
the requested priority change until the higher priority process has
executed.
@@ -128,7 +130,8 @@ as a read-style operation.
If
.Fa pid
is zero, the scheduling parameters for the calling process will be
-returned. In this implementation, the
+returned.
+In this implementation, the
.Fa sched_getparam
system call will fail if
.Fa pid
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/sched_setscheduler.2 b/lib/libc/sys/sched_setscheduler.2
index 15a1ab780222..21b34e038190 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/sched_setscheduler.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/sched_setscheduler.2
@@ -123,7 +123,8 @@ as a read-style operation.
If
.Fa pid
is zero, the scheduling parameters for the calling process will be
-returned. In this implementation, the
+returned.
+In this implementation, the
.Fa sched_getscheduler
system call will fail if
.Fa pid
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/sched_yield.2 b/lib/libc/sys/sched_yield.2
index c8a60a0a855a..9db8942249e2 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/sched_yield.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/sched_yield.2
@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@
The
.Fn sched_yield
system call forces the running process to relinquish the processor until it
-again becomes the head of its process list. It takes no arguments.
+again becomes the head of its process list.
+It takes no arguments.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
.Rv -std sched_yield
.Sh ERRORS
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/select.2 b/lib/libc/sys/select.2
index 823eeaac9c85..bacd76ee958e 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/select.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/select.2
@@ -109,7 +109,8 @@ to the maximum number of descriptors supported by the system.
If
.Fa timeout
is a non-nil pointer, it specifies the maximum interval to wait for the
-selection to complete. System activity can lengthen the interval by
+selection to complete.
+System activity can lengthen the interval by
an indeterminate amount.
.Pp
If
@@ -158,7 +159,8 @@ points to an invalid address.
A signal was delivered before the time limit expired and
before any of the selected events occurred.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
-The specified time limit is invalid. One of its components is
+The specified time limit is invalid.
+One of its components is
negative or too large.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The
@@ -195,7 +197,8 @@ If
.Fa nfds
is greater than the number of open files,
.Fn select
-is not guaranteed to examine the unused file descriptors. For historical
+is not guaranteed to examine the unused file descriptors.
+For historical
reasons,
.Fn select
will always examine the first 256 descriptors.
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/semctl.2 b/lib/libc/sys/semctl.2
index b69b8fb3caac..0971949ff0a4 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/semctl.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/semctl.2
@@ -95,7 +95,8 @@ or
.Fa sem_perm.cuid ,
or it must have superuser privileges.
.It IPC_RMID
-Immediately removes the semaphore set from the system. The calling
+Immediately removes the semaphore set from the system.
+The calling
process's effective uid must equal the semaphore set's
.Fa sem_perm.uid
or
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/semget.2 b/lib/libc/sys/semget.2
index f493281a5caa..18c083b56b14 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/semget.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/semget.2
@@ -53,13 +53,15 @@ set of semaphores.
.\"
The key
is analogous to a filename: it provides a handle that names an
-IPC object. There are three ways to specify a key:
+IPC object.
+There are three ways to specify a key:
.Bl -bullet
.It
IPC_PRIVATE may be specified, in which case a new IPC object
will be created.
.It
-An integer constant may be specified. If no IPC object corresponding
+An integer constant may be specified.
+If no IPC object corresponding
to
.Fa key
is specified and the IPC_CREAT bit is set in
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/send.2 b/lib/libc/sys/send.2
index 38c8f80c66a0..f5fae6f4fa38 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/send.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/send.2
@@ -183,7 +183,8 @@ but may be caused by transient congestion.
The remote host was unreachable.
.It Bq Er ECONNREFUSED
The socket received an ICMP destination unreachable message
-from the last message sent. This typically means that the
+from the last message sent.
+This typically means that the
receiver is not listening on the remote port.
.It Bq Er EHOSTDOWN
The remote host was down.
@@ -214,7 +215,8 @@ domain socket
then
.Fn close
it before it has actually been sent, the result being that the receiver
-gets a closed file descriptor. It is left to the application to
+gets a closed file descriptor.
+It is left to the application to
implement an acknowledgment mechanism to prevent this from happening.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr fcntl 2 ,
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/shm_open.2 b/lib/libc/sys/shm_open.2
index 061913311a3f..ac4c1109af27 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/shm_open.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/shm_open.2
@@ -150,7 +150,8 @@ functions can fail with any error defined for
.Fn open
and
.Fn unlink ,
-respectively. In addition, the following errors are defined for
+respectively.
+In addition, the following errors are defined for
.Fn shm_open :
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EINVAL
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/shmat.2 b/lib/libc/sys/shmat.2
index b992d41a67ad..8fe340c9ae4a 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/shmat.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/shmat.2
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ The
system call
attaches the shared memory segment identified by
.Fa shmid
-to the calling process's address space. The address where the segment
+to the calling process's address space.
+The address where the segment
is attached is determined as follows:
.\"
.\" These are cribbed almost exactly from Stevens, _Advanced Programming in
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/shmctl.2 b/lib/libc/sys/shmctl.2
index ea7eaa7e8c55..d73c516e2bde 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/shmctl.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/shmctl.2
@@ -71,10 +71,12 @@ or
.Fa shm_perm.cuid ,
or it must have superuser privileges.
.It Dv IPC_RMID
-Removes the segment from the system. The removal will not take
+Removes the segment from the system.
+The removal will not take
effect until all processes having attached the segment have exited;
however, once the IPC_RMID operation has taken place, no further
-processes will be allowed to attach the segment. For the operation
+processes will be allowed to attach the segment.
+For the operation
to succeed, the calling process's effective uid must match
.Fa shm_perm.uid
or
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/shmget.2 b/lib/libc/sys/shmget.2
index 5d8bc5a9a179..e7fd6d167217 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/shmget.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/shmget.2
@@ -54,13 +54,15 @@ memory segment.
.\"
The key
is analogous to a filename: it provides a handle that names an
-IPC object. There are three ways to specify a key:
+IPC object.
+There are three ways to specify a key:
.Bl -bullet
.It
IPC_PRIVATE may be specified, in which case a new IPC object
will be created.
.It
-An integer constant may be specified. If no IPC object corresponding
+An integer constant may be specified.
+If no IPC object corresponding
to
.Fa key
is specified and the IPC_CREAT bit is set in
@@ -100,7 +102,8 @@ Write access for other.
.Pp
When creating a new shared memory segment,
.Fa size
-indicates the desired size of the new segment in bytes. The size
+indicates the desired size of the new segment in bytes.
+The size
of the segment may be rounded up to a multiple convenient to the
kernel (i.e., the page size).
.Sh RETURN VALUES
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/sigaction.2 b/lib/libc/sys/sigaction.2
index 69f60e47a330..cd4eb8900da7 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/sigaction.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/sigaction.2
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ cause of the signal, usually one of the
.Dv SI_...
values from
.In sys/signal.h
-or codes specific to a signal, i.e. one of the
+or codes specific to a signal, i.e., one of the
.Dv FPE_...
values for
.Dv SIGFPE .
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/socket.2 b/lib/libc/sys/socket.2
index dab67b2fadf9..dadd6837360e 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/socket.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/socket.2
@@ -81,7 +81,8 @@ PF_NETGRAPH Netgraph sockets
.Pp
The socket has the indicated
.Fa type ,
-which specifies the semantics of communication. Currently
+which specifies the semantics of communication.
+Currently
defined types are:
.Pp
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
@@ -123,9 +124,11 @@ The
argument
specifies a particular protocol to be used with the socket.
Normally only a single protocol exists to support a particular
-socket type within a given protocol family. However, it is possible
+socket type within a given protocol family.
+However, it is possible
that many protocols may exist, in which case a particular protocol
-must be specified in this manner. The protocol number to use is
+must be specified in this manner.
+The protocol number to use is
particular to the
.Dq "communication domain"
in which communication
@@ -135,10 +138,12 @@ is to take place; see
Sockets of type
.Dv SOCK_STREAM
are full-duplex byte streams, similar
-to pipes. A stream socket must be in a
+to pipes.
+A stream socket must be in a
.Em connected
state before any data may be sent or received
-on it. A connection to another socket is created with a
+on it.
+A connection to another socket is created with a
.Xr connect 2
system call.
Once connected, data may be transferred using
@@ -168,7 +173,8 @@ and received as described in
The communications protocols used to implement a
.Dv SOCK_STREAM
insure that data
-is not lost or duplicated. If a piece of data for which the
+is not lost or duplicated.
+If a piece of data for which the
peer protocol has buffer space cannot be successfully transmitted
within a reasonable length of time, then
the connection is considered broken and calls
@@ -184,7 +190,7 @@ by forcing transmissions
roughly every minute in the absence of other activity.
An error is then indicated if no response can be
elicited on an otherwise
-idle connection for an extended period (e.g. 5 minutes).
+idle connection for an extended period (e.g.\& 5 minutes).
A
.Dv SIGPIPE
signal is raised if a process sends
@@ -195,7 +201,8 @@ which do not handle the signal, to exit.
sockets employ the same system calls
as
.Dv SOCK_STREAM
-sockets. The only difference
+sockets.
+The only difference
is that
.Xr read 2
calls will return only the amount of data requested,
@@ -207,7 +214,8 @@ and
sockets allow sending of datagrams to correspondents
named in
.Xr send 2
-calls. Datagrams are generally received with
+calls.
+Datagrams are generally received with
.Xr recvfrom 2 ,
which returns the next datagram with its return address.
.Pp
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/swapon.2 b/lib/libc/sys/swapon.2
index 6aaf4f29f94f..29e9da5a136d 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/swapon.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/swapon.2
@@ -53,9 +53,11 @@ system call
makes the block device
.Fa special
available to the system for
-allocation for paging and swapping. The names of potentially
+allocation for paging and swapping.
+The names of potentially
available devices are known to the system and defined at system
-configuration time. The size of the swap area on
+configuration time.
+The size of the swap area on
.Fa special
is calculated at the time the device is first made available
for swapping.
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/sysarch.2 b/lib/libc/sys/sysarch.2
index 0b3e8ae9efdd..9d8f0509c635 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/sysarch.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/sysarch.2
@@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ functions can be found in the header file
The
.Fn sysarch
system call should never be called directly by
-user programs. Instead, they should access
+user programs.
+Instead, they should access
its functions using the architecture-dependent
library.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/truncate.2 b/lib/libc/sys/truncate.2
index 29892ac65593..5966f5f836c0 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/truncate.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/truncate.2
@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ or referenced by
.Fa fd
to be truncated or extended to
.Fa length
-bytes in size. If the file
+bytes in size.
+If the file
was larger than this size, the extra data
is lost.
If the file was smaller than this size,
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/umask.2 b/lib/libc/sys/umask.2
index 9226071d4541..00ff4e728403 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/umask.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/umask.2
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ The
.Fn umask
routine sets the process's file mode creation mask to
.Fa numask
-and returns the previous value of the mask. The 9 low-order
+and returns the previous value of the mask.
+The 9 low-order
access permission
bits of
.Fa numask
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/unlink.2 b/lib/libc/sys/unlink.2
index 6050b39fd00e..332613448604 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/unlink.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/unlink.2
@@ -118,5 +118,6 @@ function appeared in
The
.Fn unlink
system call traditionally allows the super-user to unlink directories which
-can damage the file system integrity. This implementation no longer permits
+can damage the file system integrity.
+This implementation no longer permits
it.
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/vfork.2 b/lib/libc/sys/vfork.2
index cf57134fb9d6..b299923ca576 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/vfork.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/vfork.2
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ The
system call
can be used to create new processes without fully copying the address
space of the old process, which is horrendously inefficient in a paged
-environment. It is useful when the purpose of
+environment.
+It is useful when the purpose of
.Xr fork 2
would have been to create a new system context for an
.Xr execve 2 .
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/wait.2 b/lib/libc/sys/wait.2
index 4f6df2d7b086..35a2818bc550 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/wait.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/wait.2
@@ -102,7 +102,8 @@ equals the absolute value of
.Pp
The
.Fa status
-argument is defined below. The
+argument is defined below.
+The
.Fa options
argument contains the bitwise OR of any of the following options.
The
@@ -237,7 +238,8 @@ If
.Fn wait
returns due to a stopped
or terminated child process, the process ID of the child
-is returned to the calling process. Otherwise, a value of -1
+is returned to the calling process.
+Otherwise, a value of -1
is returned and
.Va errno
is set to indicate the error.
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/write.2 b/lib/libc/sys/write.2
index 206476931dc5..4687e3bab6a9 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/write.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/write.2
@@ -112,7 +112,8 @@ Upon return from
the pointer is incremented by the number of bytes which were written.
.Pp
Objects that are not capable of seeking always write from the current
-position. The value of the pointer associated with such an object
+position.
+The value of the pointer associated with such an object
is undefined.
.Pp
If the real user is not the super-user, then
@@ -134,7 +135,8 @@ the return value must be noted,
and the remainder of the operation should be retried when possible.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion the number of bytes which were written
-is returned. Otherwise a -1 is returned and the global variable
+is returned.
+Otherwise a -1 is returned and the global variable
.Va errno
is set to indicate the error.
.Sh ERRORS