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+.\"-
+.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)test.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 5/31/93
+.\" $FreeBSD$
+.\"
+.Dd October 5, 2016
+.Dt TEST 1
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm test ,
+.Nm \&[
+.Nd condition evaluation utility
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm
+.Ar expression
+.Nm \&[
+.Ar expression Cm \&]
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Nm
+utility evaluates the expression and, if it evaluates
+to true, returns a zero (true) exit status; otherwise
+it returns 1 (false).
+If there is no expression,
+.Nm
+also
+returns 1 (false).
+.Pp
+All operators and flags are separate arguments to the
+.Nm
+utility.
+.Pp
+The following primaries are used to construct expression:
+.Bl -tag -width Ar
+.It Fl b Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists and is a block special
+file.
+.It Fl c Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists and is a character
+special file.
+.It Fl d Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists and is a directory.
+.It Fl e Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists (regardless of type).
+.It Fl f Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists and is a regular file.
+.It Fl g Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists and its set group ID flag
+is set.
+.It Fl h Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists and is a symbolic link.
+This operator is retained for compatibility with previous versions of
+this program.
+Do not rely on its existence; use
+.Fl L
+instead.
+.It Fl k Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists and its sticky bit is set.
+.It Fl n Ar string
+True if the length of
+.Ar string
+is nonzero.
+.It Fl p Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+is a named pipe
+.Pq Tn FIFO .
+.It Fl r Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists and is readable.
+.It Fl s Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists and has a size greater
+than zero.
+.It Fl t Ar file_descriptor
+True if the file whose file descriptor number
+is
+.Ar file_descriptor
+is open and is associated with a terminal.
+.It Fl u Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists and its set user ID flag
+is set.
+.It Fl w Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists and is writable.
+True
+indicates only that the write flag is on.
+The file is not writable on a read-only file
+system even if this test indicates true.
+.It Fl x Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists and is executable.
+True
+indicates only that the execute flag is on.
+If
+.Ar file
+is a directory, true indicates that
+.Ar file
+can be searched.
+.It Fl z Ar string
+True if the length of
+.Ar string
+is zero.
+.It Fl L Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists and is a symbolic link.
+.It Fl O Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists and its owner matches the effective user id of this process.
+.It Fl G Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists and its group matches the effective group id of this process.
+.It Fl S Ar file
+True if
+.Ar file
+exists and is a socket.
+.It Ar file1 Fl nt Ar file2
+True if
+.Ar file1
+exists and is newer than
+.Ar file2 .
+.It Ar file1 Fl ot Ar file2
+True if
+.Ar file1
+exists and is older than
+.Ar file2 .
+.It Ar file1 Fl ef Ar file2
+True if
+.Ar file1
+and
+.Ar file2
+exist and refer to the same file.
+.It Ar string
+True if
+.Ar string
+is not the null
+string.
+.It Ar s1 Cm = Ar s2
+True if the strings
+.Ar s1
+and
+.Ar s2
+are identical.
+.It Ar s1 Cm != Ar s2
+True if the strings
+.Ar s1
+and
+.Ar s2
+are not identical.
+.It Ar s1 Cm < Ar s2
+True if string
+.Ar s1
+comes before
+.Ar s2
+based on the binary value of their characters.
+.It Ar s1 Cm > Ar s2
+True if string
+.Ar s1
+comes after
+.Ar s2
+based on the binary value of their characters.
+.It Ar n1 Fl eq Ar n2
+True if the integers
+.Ar n1
+and
+.Ar n2
+are algebraically
+equal.
+.It Ar n1 Fl ne Ar n2
+True if the integers
+.Ar n1
+and
+.Ar n2
+are not
+algebraically equal.
+.It Ar n1 Fl gt Ar n2
+True if the integer
+.Ar n1
+is algebraically
+greater than the integer
+.Ar n2 .
+.It Ar n1 Fl ge Ar n2
+True if the integer
+.Ar n1
+is algebraically
+greater than or equal to the integer
+.Ar n2 .
+.It Ar n1 Fl lt Ar n2
+True if the integer
+.Ar n1
+is algebraically less
+than the integer
+.Ar n2 .
+.It Ar n1 Fl le Ar n2
+True if the integer
+.Ar n1
+is algebraically less
+than or equal to the integer
+.Ar n2 .
+.El
+.Pp
+If
+.Ar file
+is a symbolic link,
+.Nm
+will fully dereference it and then evaluate the expression
+against the file referenced, except for the
+.Fl h
+and
+.Fl L
+primaries.
+.Pp
+These primaries can be combined with the following operators:
+.Bl -tag -width Ar
+.It Cm \&! Ar expression
+True if
+.Ar expression
+is false.
+.It Ar expression1 Fl a Ar expression2
+True if both
+.Ar expression1
+and
+.Ar expression2
+are true.
+.It Ar expression1 Fl o Ar expression2
+True if either
+.Ar expression1
+or
+.Ar expression2
+are true.
+.It Cm \&( Ar expression Cm \&)
+True if expression is true.
+.El
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl a
+operator has higher precedence than the
+.Fl o
+operator.
+.Pp
+Some shells may provide a builtin
+.Nm
+command which is similar or identical to this utility.
+Consult the
+.Xr builtin 1
+manual page.
+.Sh GRAMMAR AMBIGUITY
+The
+.Nm
+grammar is inherently ambiguous.
+In order to assure a degree of consistency,
+the cases described in the
+.St -p1003.2 ,
+section D11.2/4.62.4, standard
+are evaluated consistently according to the rules specified in the
+standards document.
+All other cases are subject to the ambiguity in the
+command semantics.
+.Pp
+In particular, only expressions containing
+.Fl a ,
+.Fl o ,
+.Cm \&(
+or
+.Cm \&)
+can be ambiguous.
+.Sh EXIT STATUS
+The
+.Nm
+utility exits with one of the following values:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It 0
+expression evaluated to true.
+.It 1
+expression evaluated to false or expression was
+missing.
+.It >1
+An error occurred.
+.El
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+Implement
+.Li test FILE1 -nt FILE2
+using only
+.Tn POSIX
+functionality:
+.Pp
+.Dl test -n \&"$(find -L -- FILE1 -prune -newer FILE2 2>/dev/null)\&"
+.Pp
+This can be modified using non-standard
+.Xr find 1
+primaries like
+.Cm -newerca
+to compare other timestamps.
+.Sh COMPATIBILITY
+For compatibility with some other implementations,
+the
+.Cm =
+primary can be substituted with
+.Cm ==
+with the same meaning.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr builtin 1 ,
+.Xr expr 1 ,
+.Xr find 1 ,
+.Xr sh 1 ,
+.Xr stat 1 ,
+.Xr symlink 7
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Nm
+utility implements a superset of the
+.St -p1003.2
+specification.
+The primaries
+.Cm < ,
+.Cm == ,
+.Cm > ,
+.Fl ef ,
+.Fl nt ,
+.Fl ot ,
+.Fl G ,
+and
+.Fl O
+are extensions.
+.Sh HISTORY
+A
+.Nm
+utility appeared in
+.At v7 .
+.Sh BUGS
+Both sides are always evaluated in
+.Fl a
+and
+.Fl o .
+For instance, the writable status of
+.Pa file
+will be tested by the following command even though the former expression
+indicated false, which results in a gratuitous access to the file system:
+.Dl "[ -z abc -a -w file ]"
+To avoid this, write
+.Dl "[ -z abc ] && [ -w file ]"