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-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
- [<!ENTITY mdash "&#8212;">]>
-<!--
- - Copyright (C) 2004-2009, 2011, 2013 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
- - Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2003 Internet Software Consortium.
- -
- - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
- - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
- -
- - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
- - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
- - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
- - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
- - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
- - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
- - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
--->
-
-<!-- $Id: named.docbook,v 1.28 2011/11/09 23:46:23 tbox Exp $ -->
-<refentry id="man.named">
- <refentryinfo>
- <date>May 21, 2009</date>
- </refentryinfo>
-
- <refmeta>
- <refentrytitle><application>named</application></refentrytitle>
- <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
- <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>
- </refmeta>
-
- <refnamediv>
- <refname><application>named</application></refname>
- <refpurpose>Internet domain name server</refpurpose>
- </refnamediv>
-
- <docinfo>
- <copyright>
- <year>2004</year>
- <year>2005</year>
- <year>2006</year>
- <year>2007</year>
- <year>2008</year>
- <year>2009</year>
- <year>2011</year>
- <year>2013</year>
- <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
- </copyright>
- <copyright>
- <year>2000</year>
- <year>2001</year>
- <year>2003</year>
- <holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>
- </copyright>
- </docinfo>
-
- <refsynopsisdiv>
- <cmdsynopsis>
- <command>named</command>
- <arg><option>-4</option></arg>
- <arg><option>-6</option></arg>
- <arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-d <replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-E <replaceable class="parameter">engine-name</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-f</option></arg>
- <arg><option>-g</option></arg>
- <arg><option>-m <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-n <replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-s</option></arg>
- <arg><option>-S <replaceable class="parameter">#max-socks</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-U <replaceable class="parameter">#listeners</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-u <replaceable class="parameter">user</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-v</option></arg>
- <arg><option>-V</option></arg>
- <arg><option>-x <replaceable class="parameter">cache-file</replaceable></option></arg>
- </cmdsynopsis>
- </refsynopsisdiv>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
- <para><command>named</command>
- is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
- part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
- information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
- </para>
- <para>
- When invoked without arguments, <command>named</command>
- will
- read the default configuration file
- <filename>/etc/named.conf</filename>, read any initial
- data, and listen for queries.
- </para>
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>OPTIONS</title>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-4</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
- <option>-4</option> and <option>-6</option> are mutually
- exclusive.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-6</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
- <option>-4</option> and <option>-6</option> are mutually
- exclusive.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-c <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Use <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable> as the
- configuration file instead of the default,
- <filename>/etc/named.conf</filename>. To
- ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
- to work after the server has changed its working
- directory due to to a possible
- <option>directory</option> option in the configuration
- file, <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable> should be
- an absolute pathname.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-d <replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Set the daemon's debug level to <replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</replaceable>.
- Debugging traces from <command>named</command> become
- more verbose as the debug level increases.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-E <replaceable class="parameter">engine-name</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Use a crypto hardware (OpenSSL engine) for the crypto operations
- it supports, for instance re-signing with private keys from
- a secure key store. When compiled with PKCS#11 support
- <replaceable class="parameter">engine-name</replaceable>
- defaults to pkcs11, the empty name resets it to no engine.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-f</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-g</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
- to <filename>stderr</filename>.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-m <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are
- <replaceable class="parameter">usage</replaceable>,
- <replaceable class="parameter">trace</replaceable>,
- <replaceable class="parameter">record</replaceable>,
- <replaceable class="parameter">size</replaceable>, and
- <replaceable class="parameter">mctx</replaceable>.
- These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
- <filename>&lt;isc/mem.h&gt;</filename>.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-n <replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Create <replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</replaceable> worker threads
- to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
- <command>named</command> will try to determine the
- number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
- If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
- single worker thread will be created.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Listen for queries on port <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable>. If not
- specified, the default is port 53.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-s</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Write memory usage statistics to <filename>stdout</filename> on exit.
- </para>
- <note>
- <para>
- This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
- and may be removed or changed in a future release.
- </para>
- </note>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-S <replaceable class="parameter">#max-socks</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Allow <command>named</command> to use up to
- <replaceable class="parameter">#max-socks</replaceable> sockets.
- </para>
- <warning>
- <para>
- This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority
- of users.
- The use of this option could even be harmful because the
- specified value may exceed the limitation of the
- underlying system API.
- It is therefore set only when the default configuration
- causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the
- operational environment is known to support the
- specified number of sockets.
- Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little
- fewer than the specified value because
- <command>named</command> reserves some file descriptors
- for its internal use.
- </para>
- </warning>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-t <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>Chroot
- to <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable> after
- processing the command line arguments, but before
- reading the configuration file.
- </para>
- <warning>
- <para>
- This option should be used in conjunction with the
- <option>-u</option> option, as chrooting a process
- running as root doesn't enhance security on most
- systems; the way <function>chroot(2)</function> is
- defined allows a process with root privileges to
- escape a chroot jail.
- </para>
- </warning>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-U <replaceable class="parameter">#listeners</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Use <replaceable class="parameter">#listeners</replaceable>
- worker threads to listen for incoming UDP packets on each
- address. If not specified, <command>named</command> will
- use the number of detected CPUs. If <option>-n</option>
- has been set to a higher value than the number of CPUs,
- then <option>-U</option> may be increased as high as that
- value, but no higher.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-u <replaceable class="parameter">user</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>Setuid
- to <replaceable class="parameter">user</replaceable> after completing
- privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
- listen on privileged ports.
- </para>
- <note>
- <para>
- On Linux, <command>named</command> uses the kernel's
- capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
- except the ability to <function>bind(2)</function> to
- a
- privileged port and set process resource limits.
- Unfortunately, this means that the <option>-u</option>
- option only works when <command>named</command> is
- run
- on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
- later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
- to be retained after <function>setuid(2)</function>.
- </para>
- </note>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-v</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Report the version number and exit.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-V</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Report the version number and build options, and exit.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>-x <replaceable class="parameter">cache-file</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Load data from <replaceable class="parameter">cache-file</replaceable> into the
- cache of the default view.
- </para>
- <warning>
- <para>
- This option must not be used. It is only of interest
- to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
- future release.
- </para>
- </warning>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- </variablelist>
-
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>SIGNALS</title>
- <para>
- In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
- the nameserver; <command>rndc</command> should be used
- instead.
- </para>
-
- <variablelist>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>SIGHUP</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Force a reload of the server.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>SIGINT, SIGTERM</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Shut down the server.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- </variablelist>
-
- <para>
- The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
- </para>
-
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
- <para>
- The <command>named</command> configuration file is too complex
- to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
- in the
- <citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</citetitle>.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- <command>named</command> inherits the <function>umask</function>
- (file creation mode mask) from the parent process. If files
- created by <command>named</command>, such as journal files,
- need to have custom permissions, the <function>umask</function>
- should be set explicitly in the script used to start the
- <command>named</command> process.
- </para>
-
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>FILES</title>
-
- <variablelist>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><filename>/etc/named.conf</filename></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The default configuration file.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><filename>/var/run/named/named.pid</filename></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The default process-id file.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- </variablelist>
-
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>SEE ALSO</title>
- <para><citetitle>RFC 1033</citetitle>,
- <citetitle>RFC 1034</citetitle>,
- <citetitle>RFC 1035</citetitle>,
- <citerefentry>
- <refentrytitle>named-checkconf</refentrytitle>
- <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
- </citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry>
- <refentrytitle>named-checkzone</refentrytitle>
- <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
- </citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry>
- <refentrytitle>rndc</refentrytitle>
- <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
- </citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry>
- <refentrytitle>lwresd</refentrytitle>
- <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
- </citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry>
- <refentrytitle>named.conf</refentrytitle>
- <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
- </citerefentry>,
- <citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</citetitle>.
- </para>
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>AUTHOR</title>
- <para><corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium</corpauthor>
- </para>
- </refsect1>
-
-</refentry><!--
- - Local variables:
- - mode: sgml
- - End:
--->