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Diffstat (limited to 'manuals/bc/N.1')
| -rw-r--r-- | manuals/bc/N.1 | 128 |
1 files changed, 92 insertions, 36 deletions
diff --git a/manuals/bc/N.1 b/manuals/bc/N.1 index 40dbad9bb2f2..def2aee98bbc 100644 --- a/manuals/bc/N.1 +++ b/manuals/bc/N.1 @@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ .\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE .\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" -.TH "BC" "1" "June 2021" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual" +.TH "BC" "1" "June 2022" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual" +.nh +.ad l .SH NAME .PP bc - arbitrary-precision decimal arithmetic language and calculator @@ -38,13 +40,17 @@ bc - arbitrary-precision decimal arithmetic language and calculator [\f[B]-e\f[R] \f[I]expr\f[R]] [\f[B]--expression\f[R]=\f[I]expr\f[R]\&...] [\f[B]-f\f[R] \f[I]file\f[R]\&...] [\f[B]--file\f[R]=\f[I]file\f[R]\&...] -[\f[I]file\f[R]\&...] +[\f[I]file\f[R]\&...] [\f[B]-I\f[R] \f[I]ibase\f[R]] +[\f[B]--ibase\f[R]=\f[I]ibase\f[R]] [\f[B]-O\f[R] \f[I]obase\f[R]] +[\f[B]--obase\f[R]=\f[I]obase\f[R]] [\f[B]-S\f[R] \f[I]scale\f[R]] +[\f[B]--scale\f[R]=\f[I]scale\f[R]] [\f[B]-E\f[R] \f[I]seed\f[R]] +[\f[B]--seed\f[R]=\f[I]seed\f[R]] .SH DESCRIPTION .PP bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by POSIX. -(The current standard is -here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).) +(The current standard is at +https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html .) The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences. Such differences will be noted in this document. @@ -287,26 +293,32 @@ multiple times. Keywords are \f[I]not\f[R] redefined when parsing the builtin math library (see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[R] section). .PP -It is a fatal error to redefine keywords mandated by the POSIX standard. +It is a fatal error to redefine keywords mandated by the POSIX standard +(https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html). It is a fatal error to attempt to redefine words that this bc(1) does not reserve as keywords. .RE .TP \f[B]-q\f[R], \f[B]--quiet\f[R] -This option is for compatibility with the GNU -bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/); it is a no-op. +This option is for compatibility with the GNU bc(1) +(https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/); it is a no-op. Without this option, GNU bc(1) prints a copyright header. This bc(1) only prints the copyright header if one or more of the -\f[B]-v\f[R], \f[B]-V\f[R], or \f[B]--version\f[R] options are given. +\f[B]-v\f[R], \f[B]-V\f[R], or \f[B]--version\f[R] options are given +unless the \f[B]BC_BANNER\f[R] environment variable is set and contains +a non-zero integer or if this bc(1) was built with the header displayed +by default. +If \f[I]any\f[R] of that is the case, then this option \f[I]does\f[R] +prevent bc(1) from printing the header. .RS .PP This is a \f[B]non-portable extension\f[R]. .RE .TP \f[B]-s\f[R], \f[B]--standard\f[R] -Process exactly the language defined by the -standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html) -and error if any extensions are used. +Process exactly the language defined by the standard +(https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html) and +error if any extensions are used. .RS .PP This is a \f[B]non-portable extension\f[R]. @@ -382,13 +394,57 @@ exit. .PP This is a \f[B]non-portable extension\f[R]. .RE +.TP +\f[B]-I\f[R] \f[I]ibase\f[R], \f[B]--ibase\f[R]=\f[I]ibase\f[R] +Sets the builtin variable \f[B]ibase\f[R] to the value \f[I]ibase\f[R] +assuming that \f[I]ibase\f[R] is in base 10. +It is a fatal error if \f[I]ibase\f[R] is not a valid number. +.RS +.PP +If multiple instances of this option are given, the last is used. +.PP +This is a \f[B]non-portable extension\f[R]. +.RE +.TP +\f[B]-O\f[R] \f[I]obase\f[R], \f[B]--obase\f[R]=\f[I]obase\f[R] +Sets the builtin variable \f[B]obase\f[R] to the value \f[I]obase\f[R] +assuming that \f[I]obase\f[R] is in base 10. +It is a fatal error if \f[I]obase\f[R] is not a valid number. +.RS +.PP +If multiple instances of this option are given, the last is used. +.PP +This is a \f[B]non-portable extension\f[R]. +.RE +.TP +\f[B]-S\f[R] \f[I]scale\f[R], \f[B]--scale\f[R]=\f[I]scale\f[R] +Sets the builtin variable \f[B]scale\f[R] to the value \f[I]scale\f[R] +assuming that \f[I]scale\f[R] is in base 10. +It is a fatal error if \f[I]scale\f[R] is not a valid number. +.RS +.PP +If multiple instances of this option are given, the last is used. +.PP +This is a \f[B]non-portable extension\f[R]. +.RE +.TP +\f[B]-E\f[R] \f[I]seed\f[R], \f[B]--seed\f[R]=\f[I]seed\f[R] +Sets the builtin variable \f[B]seed\f[R] to the value \f[I]seed\f[R] +assuming that \f[I]seed\f[R] is in base 10. +It is a fatal error if \f[I]seed\f[R] is not a valid number. +.RS +.PP +If multiple instances of this option are given, the last is used. +.PP +This is a \f[B]non-portable extension\f[R]. +.RE .PP All long options are \f[B]non-portable extensions\f[R]. .SH STDIN .PP If no files or expressions are given by the \f[B]-f\f[R], \f[B]--file\f[R], \f[B]-e\f[R], or \f[B]--expression\f[R] options, then -bc(1) read from \f[B]stdin\f[R]. +bc(1) reads from \f[B]stdin\f[R]. .PP However, there are a few caveats to this. .PP @@ -435,8 +491,8 @@ redirect \f[B]stderr\f[R] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[R]. .SH SYNTAX .PP The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. -This bc(1) follows the POSIX -standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html), +This bc(1) follows the POSIX standard +(https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html), which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the @@ -1020,8 +1076,8 @@ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the \f[B]assignment\f[R] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[R] is interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[R]. .PP -Also, unlike the -standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html) +Also, unlike the standard +(https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html) requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a \f[B]non-portable extension\f[R]. @@ -1328,8 +1384,8 @@ when the \f[B]-s\f[R] option, the \f[B]-w\f[R] option, or equivalents are given. .SS Standard Library .PP -The -standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html) +The standard +(https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html) defines the following functions for the math library: .TP \f[B]s(x)\f[R] @@ -1385,7 +1441,8 @@ Functions\f[R] subsection below). The extended library is \f[I]not\f[R] loaded when the \f[B]-s\f[R]/\f[B]--standard\f[R] or \f[B]-w\f[R]/\f[B]--warn\f[R] options are given since they are not part of the library defined by the -standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html). +standard +(https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html). .PP The extended library is a \f[B]non-portable extension\f[R]. .TP @@ -1404,13 +1461,13 @@ Functions\f[R] subsection below). .TP \f[B]r(x, p)\f[R] Returns \f[B]x\f[R] rounded to \f[B]p\f[R] decimal places according to -the rounding mode round half away from -\f[B]0\f[R] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero). +the rounding mode round half away from \f[B]0\f[R] +(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero). .TP \f[B]ceil(x, p)\f[R] Returns \f[B]x\f[R] rounded to \f[B]p\f[R] decimal places according to -the rounding mode round away from -\f[B]0\f[R] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero). +the rounding mode round away from \f[B]0\f[R] +(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero). .TP \f[B]f(x)\f[R] Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[R]. @@ -2275,11 +2332,11 @@ subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[R] section). .RE .SS Transcendental Functions .PP -All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up -to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)). -This is unavoidable, and this -article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains -why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the +All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results, up +to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place). +This is unavoidable, and the article at +https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/\[ti]wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT explains why +it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental functions. .PP Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those @@ -2558,8 +2615,7 @@ If any expressions or expression files are given on the command-line with \f[B]-e\f[R], \f[B]--expression\f[R], \f[B]-f\f[R], or \f[B]--file\f[R], then if this environment variable exists and contains an integer, a non-zero value makes bc(1) exit after executing the -expressions and expression files, and a non-zero value makes bc(1) not -exit. +expressions and expression files, and a zero value makes bc(1) not exit. .RS .PP This environment variable overrides the default, which can be queried @@ -2646,8 +2702,8 @@ checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the \f[B]-i\f[R] flag or \f[B]--interactive\f[R] option. .SH INTERACTIVE MODE .PP -Per the -standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html), +Per the standard +(https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html), bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode. Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[R] and \f[B]stdout\f[R] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]-i\f[R] flag @@ -2680,8 +2736,8 @@ The default setting can be queried with the \f[B]-h\f[R] or \f[B]--help\f[R] options. .PP TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is -required in the bc(1) -specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html), +required in the bc(1) standard +(https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html), and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[R] and \f[B]stdout\f[R] to be connected to a terminal. .SS Command-Line History @@ -2772,8 +2828,8 @@ dc(1) .SH STANDARDS .PP bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 -(\[lq]POSIX.1-2017\[rq]) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html) -specification. +(\[lq]POSIX.1-2017\[rq]) specification at +https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html . The flags \f[B]-efghiqsvVw\f[R], all long options, and the extensions noted above are extensions to that specification. .PP |