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+.\" Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\" without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\" @(#)0.t 5.1 (Berkeley) 4/17/91
+.\" $FreeBSD$
+.\"
+.rm CM
+.nr PO 1.25i
+.ds CH "
+.ds CF "%
+.nr Fn 0 1
+.ds b3 4.3\s-1BSD\s+1
+.de KI
+.ds Lb "Fig. \\n+(Fn
+.KF
+.ce 1
+Figure \\n(Fn - \\$1.
+..
+.de SM
+\\s-1\\$1\\s+1\\$2
+..
+.de NM
+\&\fI\\$1\fP\\$2
+..
+.de RN
+\&\fI\\$1\fP\^(\^)\\$2
+..
+.de PN
+\&\fB\\$1\fP\\$2
+..
+.TL
+The Release Engineering of 4.3\s-1BSD\s0
+.AU
+Marshall Kirk McKusick
+.AU
+Michael J. Karels
+.AU
+Keith Bostic
+.AI
+Computer Systems Research Group
+Computer Science Division
+Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
+University of California, Berkeley
+Berkeley, California 94720
+.AB
+This paper describes an approach used by a small group of people
+to develop and integrate a large software system.
+It details the development and release engineering strategy
+used during the preparation of the \*(b3 version of the UNIX\(dg
+.FS
+\(dgUNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T in the US and other countries.
+.FE
+operating system.
+Each release cycle is divided into an initial development phase
+followed by a release engineering phase.
+The release engineering of the distribution is done in three steps.
+The first step has an informal control policy for tracking modifications;
+it results in an alpha distribution.
+The second step has more rigid change mechanisms in place;
+it results in a beta release.
+During the final step changes are tracked very closely;
+the result is the final distribution.
+.AE
+.LP