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Diffstat (limited to 'share/zoneinfo/europe')
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1 files changed, 704 insertions, 576 deletions
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/europe b/share/zoneinfo/europe index 2948ba1cafda..9e908327590f 100644 --- a/share/zoneinfo/europe +++ b/share/zoneinfo/europe @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# @(#)europe 7.46 +# @(#)europe 7.57 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is -# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), -# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). +# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995). # # Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport @@ -37,8 +37,6 @@ # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow # -# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions. -# # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, # is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, # Oxford University Press (1980). @@ -67,7 +65,7 @@ ############################################################################### -# United Kingdom +# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) # The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14. # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): @@ -143,299 +141,387 @@ # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in # politics making a fortune, not computing. -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03): -# -# Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation -# exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift -# (different from deciding to keep the status quo). According to the -# Summer Time Order 1992 (SI 1992/1729) the dates of Summer Time for 1993 -# and 1994 are: -# Start End -# 1993 28 March 24 October -# 1994 27 March 23 October -# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT. -# -# There [was] an error in your tables for the start and end times prior to 1981. -# The UK always used to change at 02:00 GMT. In 1981 it changed to 01:00 GMT -# as a part of EC harmonisation and has remained at that time since. -# -# I have found the default algorithm for UK Summer Time, it is in the -# Summer Time Act 1972. Section 1 states that in the absence of an Order -# in Council Summer Time starts at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day -# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in -# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday. -# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday -# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.) -# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by -# an Order in Council (a Statutory Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above) -# to specify the EC specified dates. - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-18): -# -# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department -# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following, -# from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers, -# 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60: -# -# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home -# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals -# regarding double summer time. -# -# [two other similar questions omitted] -# -# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have -# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of -# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the -# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday, -# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that -# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter -# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from -# Monday, 2nd April.' - # From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14): # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03): -# -# > # Current rules -# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST -# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19): +# The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time +# legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about +# the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well. # -# The ending rule here doesn't match the EC rules, which specify the fourth -# Sunday in October for the UK and Eire. The `fourth Sunday' rule wasn't -# followed in 1989, but then the sixth EC directive wasn't in force then -# and I don't know what previous ones said. 1995 is the next year with -# the 4th Sun on 22 Oct, but that year isn't covered by the UK Summer Time -# Order or the sixth EC directive. Your Oct Sun>=23 rule matches history -# and with things only announced for 2 years or so in advance who knows -# what will happen. +# Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). Things that +# I haven't seen but Joseph Myers has are marked (jsm). The problem +# with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to +# keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They +# get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time +# this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer +# to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual +# volumes. # -# There are renewed rumours that the Government here will make another -# attempt at resolving this issue, which is what prompted me to start -# asking the Home Office and the EC about it again. The EC categorically -# state they are not asking anybody to change timezone, they only want -# common start/end dates. The UK Govt. seem to want to change our zone -# and blame the resulting fuss on the EC. Me, I think we should scrap -# summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should -# be the end of it. - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-22): +# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out +# the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence, +# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining +# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter), +# and to Joseph Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders +# up to 1945, some of the old Acts, and the first five EC Directives. # -# I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all. -# It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland -# being in advance of Greenwich and Dublin mean time respectively in the -# summer months'. +# Some definitions: # -# It specifies 21 May and 1 October for 1916 (both at 02:00 GMT) and whatever -# dates an Order in Council may specify for subsequent years. +# Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales +# United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern +# Ireland (since 1922) +# S.I.: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation +# S.R.&O.: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation # -# Section 4 states: `This act shall apply to Ireland in like manner as it -# applies to Great Britain, with the substitution however of references -# to Dublin mean time for references to Greenwich mean time.' +# Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed +# to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man +# or the Channel Islands. # -# Lorna, my learned legal friend who supplied it, also offers this quote -# from Halsbury's Statutes on the extent of Acts: +# Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't +# have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things +# like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to +# check these documents again. # -# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie -# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside. -# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since -# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland, -# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.' +# --- # -# She goes on to say the seminal event of 1922 was the establishment of -# the Irish Free State, now called Eire. +# - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 9) # -# The Act doesn't say anything about Wales (or Scotland) so I would assert -# that Shanks is wrong here. I would like to know why he thinks Wales -# was different. +# Defined Greenwich mean time to be the standard time in Great Britain +# and Dublin mean time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding +# various forms of local mean time. # -# It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then, -# and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct. - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-28): +# - The Statutory Time Act, 1883 (???) # -# I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of -# the Time (Ireland) Act 1916. +# An Act of Tynwald, the Isle of Man Parliament. It appears to have +# defined the standard time on the Isle of Man as GMT but as I haven't +# seen it I don't know if it used Greenwich mean time, some other definition, +# or just said that Isle of Man time would be the same as in Great Britain. # -# It says that as from 2 AM Dublin Mean Time on 1 October 1916 the time -# for general purposes in Ireland shall be the same as the rest of Great -# Britain (ie. GMT with the Summer Time periods specified by the Summer Time -# Act 1916).... As Ireland was behind GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct GB would -# have already put the clocks back. Using DST as Dublin Summer Time the -# sequence would have been: -# Dublin London -# 02:34 DST 02:59 BST -# 02:35 DST 02:00 GMT -# 02:59 DST 02:24 GMT -# 02:25 GMT 02:25 GMT -# with the transition 03:00 DST -> 02:00 DMT -> 02:25 GMT all at once. +# - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 62) # -# In a table of repeals in the Schedule to the Act it mentions the -# Statutes (Definition of Time) Act 1880. This is presumably the source -# of the 1880 date in Shanks. The little bit of it that is repealed -# also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time. - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-29): +# Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation +# to the Isle of Man. +# +# - The Summer Time Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 14) +# +# Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland. +# Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of +# Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT). +# Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration +# of the then current war. +# +# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 45) +# +# This abolished Dublin mean time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916, +# bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind +# GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain had already put the clocks back. +# Using Paul Eggert's suggestion of IST for Irish Summer Time and the figure +# derived from Whitman for the offset of IST from GMT (00:34:39) the sequence +# would have been: +# Dublin London +# 02:34:38 IST 02:59:59 BST +# 02:34:39 IST 02:00:00 GMT +# 02:59:59 IST 02:25:20 GMT +# 02:25:21 GMT 02:25:21 GMT +# with the transition 03:00:00 IST -> 02:00:00 DMT -> 02:25:21 GMT all at once. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 +# +# An Order made under the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 +# extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated +# 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that +# the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same +# time as it took effect in the United Kingdom. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 362 +# +# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates +# for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September, +# both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 +# +# An Order made under the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916 +# (the thing created by S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382) specifying the same +# dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 +# +# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates +# for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September, +# both at 02:00 GMT. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 429 +# +# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times. +# +# - The Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918 +# (8 & 9 Geo. 5. c. 59) +# +# This gave power to specify a legal end date for the war just ended, +# which would affect things like the Summer Time Act, 1916, which applied +# only in wartime. This date was to be close to the date of formal +# ratification of the treaty or treaties of peace. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 +# +# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates +# for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September, +# both at 02:00 GMT. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 366 +# +# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 +# +# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates +# for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September, +# both at 02:00 GMT. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 +# +# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 +# +# An Order modifying both S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 and S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 to +# change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to +# Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green +# Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike. +# +# - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (10 Geo. 5. c. 5) +# +# This extends the power to make Orders under the Summer Time Act, 1916 +# for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war. +# Came into force on 31 March 1920. Although the war had been over for more +# than 12 months by then the legal end date had not yet been set. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 +# +# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War +# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time +# in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT. # -# My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin -# Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom -# ever since it first started in 1916. +# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 364 # -# The United Kingdom is England, Wales and Scotland plus all of Ireland from -# 1916 up to and including 1921, or plus Northern Ireland from 1922 to date. +# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times. # -# The dates used are those specified in the table in Summer Time: A Consultation -# Document (Cm 722, 1989) that are now included in the europe file, with a -# change to a single date, the start in 1924. I made a typo in my 1989 mail -# and the table itself is also wrong. The correct date is 13 April. -# The times were 02:00 GMT up to and including 1980, 01:00 GMT from 1981 on, -# except for wartime double summer time. +# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 # -# As evidence I would cite: +# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War +# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time +# in 1921 of Sunday 26 March to Sunday 8 October, both at 02:00 GMT. +# It also mentions the arrangements for defining the legal end date +# for the late war. An Order was made on 10 August 1921, under the +# Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918, setting +# a date of 31 August 1921. This means the powers of the Summer Time +# Act, 1916 would finally expire on 31 August 1922. # -# - The Summer Time Act, 1916. +# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 290 (???) # -# This specifically states that it applies to Ireland, specifies dates of -# 21 May and 1 October and times of 02:00, and says that in Ireland the -# times relate to Dublin mean time. It specifies an offset of 1 hour. -# -# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 -# -# This abolishes Dublin mean time on 02:00 DMT 1 October 1916. -# It repeals that section of the Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 -# that specifies DMT. It is therefore a safe bet that DMT existed at least -# from 1880 and was the only alternative standard time in the UK. +# This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order. # -# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 +# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5. c. 22) # # This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third # Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after # the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September. # The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament -# so approved. +# so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well. +# Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday. # -# It specifically states that it applies to Northern Ireland, the Channel -# Islands, and the Isle of Man. +# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 1205 # -# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 +# An Order made under the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 +# dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending +# the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. +# +# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1923 (13 & 14 Geo. 5. c. 37) +# +# This extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until +# 31 December 1924. +# +# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5. c. 1) (jsm) +# +# This further extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until +# 31 December 1925. +# +# - The Time Act (Northern Ireland), 1924 (14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 24 (N.I.)) +# +# This Act says that while it remains in force, any Act or Order relating +# to the time for general purposes in Great Britain shall also apply +# in Northern Ireland, and the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 shall have effect +# accordingly. +# +# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 64) # # This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the -# day after the first Saturday in October. It says nothing about extent, -# so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply. +# day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925. +# +# - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) (???) +# +# I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to +# do all manner of things during the newly started war. # -# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379 -# [SR&O == Statutory Regulation and Order] +# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 # # These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939. -# It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November. -# It makes consequential changes to some vehicle lighting legislation, -# which includes the Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Act, -# 1934, so it seems clear it applies in Northern Ireland. +# They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November. # -# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, -# 1939, SR&O 1940 No. 1883 +# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 # +# An Order in Council amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. +# It changed the start date to the day after the fourth Saturday in February +# (ie. 25 Feb 1940). +# +# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 1883 +# +# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. # This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940. -# It says nothing about extent and has no consequential changes. # -# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, -# 1939, SR&O 1941 No. 476 +# - S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 # +# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. # This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after # the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the # second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time, -# which continues throughout the rest of the year. It goes on a lot about -# consequential changes to agricultural wages legislation, and says in part -# `... and in its application to Northern Ireland have effect as -# if for the references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation) Acts, 1924 and -# 1940, there were substituted references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation) -# Acts (Northern Ireland), 1939 and 1940, ...'. It also has a similar section -# for Scotland. Both sections substitute the local Agricultural Wages Board -# for the Agricultural Wages Board for England and Wales, showing that -# England and Wales were indivisible. +# which continues throughout the rest of the year. # -# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, -# 1939, SR&O 1942 No. 506 +# - S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 # -# This changes the start date of double summer time to the day after the first -# Saturday in April. It says nothing about extent. +# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. +# This changes the start date of Double Summer Time to the day after the first +# Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May. # -# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, -# 1939, SR&O 1944 No. 932 +# - S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 # -# This changed the end date of double summer time to 17 September 1944. -# (I don't have the text of this, just a note of what it did, the text almost -# certainly had the `day after the nth Saturday' form.) +# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. +# This changed the end date of Double Summer Time to the day after the +# third Saturday in September (ie. 17 September 1944). # -# (I am missing whatever regulations there were to change things in 1945 -# and the Summer Time Act, 1947.) +# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 # -# - The British Standard Time Act, 1968 +# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. +# This changes the start and end dates of Double Summer Time to the +# day after the first Sunday in April and the day after the second Saturday +# in July (ie. Mon 2 April to Sun 15 July). # -# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout -# the year as an experiment until it expired on 31 October 1971. -# There was no double summer time so we didn't have to change the clocks at all. -# It specifically said it applied to Northern Ireland. It also said it -# applied to Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man unless they passed -# measures saying it didn't. +# I have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the United Kingdom +# Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60, explaining the +# unusual start on a Monday: # -# - The Manx Time Act, 1968 +# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home +# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals +# regarding double summer time. # -# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that -# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain. +# [two other similar questions omitted] # -# - The Summer Time Act, 1972 +# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have +# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of +# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the +# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday, +# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that +# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter +# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday-Monday so that it will operate from +# Monday, 2nd April.' # -# This specified a reversion to normal summer time behaviour with a start -# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter, -# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day -# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is -# 1 hour. +# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 # -# It has the same wording about extent as the British Standard Time Act, 1968, -# applying to Northern Ireland unconditionally and to Jersey, Guernsey and the -# Isle of Man if they don't do something about it. +# An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking +# a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. +# This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts. +# It was made on 28 September, early enough to end Summer Time on the +# date defined by the 1925 Act: 7 October. # -# (I am missing various Summer Time Orders that modified the 1972 Act to -# harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes -# to 01:00 GMT.) +# - The Summer Time Act, 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 16) # -# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutory Instrument] +# Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and +# 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time +# (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour +# offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday +# 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00 +# Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years, +# both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied +# to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. # -# This specifies dates of: -# Start End -# 1993 28 March 24 October -# 1994 27 March 23 October -# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.... +# - Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) # -# - Some text on the extent of Acts, from Halsbury's Statutes +# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1948 of +# 14 March and 31 October, both at 02:00 GMT. # -# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie -# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside. -# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since -# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland, -# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.' +# Although the 1947 Act had legislated for Double Summer Time, this was +# not continued after 1947. # -# So, many of these measures specifically include Northern Ireland, -# the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. None of them exclude any -# part of the UK. The default interpretation of Acts is that they apply -# throughout the UK. +# - Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) # -# With that, I rest my case Milud :-) +# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1949 +# of 3 April and 30 October, both at 02:00 GMT. # -# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out -# the dusty old statutes, and to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence, -# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining -# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter). - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-05-29): -# I have now got a copy of the British Standard Time Act 1968. -# It says (S4(2)) that it expires at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971 unless -# an Order in Council was passed in Parliament to make the Act permanent. -# No Order was passed, so 02:00 1971-10-31 it is... +# - Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) +# +# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1950 +# of 16 April and 22 October, both at 02:00 GMT. +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) +# +# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1951 +# of 15 April and 21 October, both at 02:00 GMT. +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) +# +# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1952 +# of 20 April and 26 October, both at 02:00 GMT. +# +# This is the last of this run of Orders, so for 1953 things reverted +# to the 1922 and 1925 Acts. +# +# - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (1954 c. 33 (N.I.)) (???) +# +# I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the +# Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the +# legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916. +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) +# +# Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961 +# +# - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) +# +# Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962. +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) +# +# Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963. +# +# - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) +# +# Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964. +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) +# +# Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT): +# 1965: 21 March to 24 October +# 1966: 20 March to 23 October +# 1967: 19 March to 29 October +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) +# - Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) +# +# The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United +# Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October, +# all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date +# to 18 February to match the United Kingdom. +# +# - The British Standard Time Act 1968 (1968 c. 45) +# +# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout +# the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the +# Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent. +# It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. # # Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on # 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely @@ -445,218 +531,184 @@ # possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27, # especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto, # thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying -# summer time in 1968.... - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-11-18) -# -# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent -# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and -# all the Acts. -# -# There are no changes to the dates we already have. -# -# My doubt about an early start in 1967 on 18 Feb was misplaced, the Order -# does say 18 Feb. This is an interesting case as the first Order gave a -# different date of 7 April 1967 for the Isle of Man but this was changed -# before it came into effect by another Order for the Isle of Man alone. -# -# I don't think I will be able to find any more of the earlier Orders. -# The annual volumes for 1949--52 do not contain the various Summer Time -# Orders. They therefore don't appear in the index. They rate a mention in -# italics in the numerical list at the start but that is all. -# I think what happens is that the annual volume is produced well after the -# end of the year in question, by which time the Summer Time Order is spent. -# They assume that nobody would ever be stupid enough to want to see it -# again so they leave it out. -# -# It might be a good idea to put this table, or the output of tabscript -# showing all the moves because of Easter, in the europe file comments in -# place of my old transcription of the Green Paper table [the UK Government -# paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" (HMSO Cm722 June 1989)]. -# -# Peter Ilieve peter@memex.co.uk -# -# -# ## control file for tabscript, a program to generate UK summer time dates -# ## matching the table in Cm 722, the 1989 Green Paper. -# ## Lines like this are comments. -# ## Lines with a single # at the start are copied into the output -# ## Control lines are of the form -# ## <years> <start date> <end date> <flags> <double start> <double end> -# ## <years> is either a single year or a hyphen separated range, with -- -# ## also accepted as I use this in TeX a lot. -# ## <start date> and <end date> are a digit followed bu a month name. -# ## It is either an nth Saturday or an explicit date, depending on <flags>. -# ## 0 and/or none are used when there is no date, as during 1968--71. -# ## <flags> can contain `fixed' to indicate explicit dates and `double' -# ## to indicate double summer time dates are present. -# ## At present double requires fixed as well. -# ## <double start> and <double end> are like the start and end dates, with -# ## the exception of the 0 and/or none feature. -# -# ## Blank lines are also ignored. -# -# ## Places where I am uncertain, not having personally verified the dates -# ## against the Act or Order, are marked ??? -# ## These dates are taken from the Cm 722 table. -# -# # Summer Time Act, 1916 -# 1916 21 May 1 October fixed -# -# ## I haven't yet looked for Orders for 1916--22 and I doubt I will find them. -# # unknown Order or Orders ??? -# 1917 8 apr 17 sep fixed -# 1918 24 mar 30 sep fixed -# 1919 30 mar 29 sep fixed -# # end date extended in 1920 from 27 Sep because of coal strike (from Cm 722) -# 1920 28 mar 25 oct fixed -# 1921 3 apr 3 oct fixed -# -# # Summer Time Act, 1922 -# # came into force 22 July 1922, too late for 1922, so missing Order ??? -# 1922 26 mar 8 oct fixed -# 1923-1924 3 April 3 September -# -# # Summer Time Act, 1925 -# 1925--1938 3 April 1 October -# -# # Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939 -# 1939 3 April 3 November -# # 1940 amendment (SR&O 1940 Nos. 172 & 1883) -# 1940 4 feb 0 none -# # 1941 amendment (SR&O 1941 No. 476) -# 1941 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 may 10 aug -# # 1942 amendment (SR&O 1942 No. 506) -# 1942 0 none 0 none fixed,double 5 apr 9 aug -# 1943 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 apr 15 aug -# # 1944 amendment (SR&O 1944 No. 932) -# 1944 0 none 0 none fixed,double 2 apr 17 sep -# # 1945 dates from Hansard, Oral Answers, 1 March 1945 -# 1945 0 none 7 oct fixed,double 2 apr 15 jul -# -# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925 -# 1946 3 April 1 October -# -# # Summer Time Act, 1947 -# # Fixed dates for 1947 only, gives power to have double summer time -# 1947 16 mar 2 nov fixed,double 13 apr 10 aug -# ## I can't find any trace of the Order for 1948. -# # Unknown Order ??? -# 1948 14 mar 31 oct fixed -# ## I know the numbers for the 1949--52 ones but the text is missing from the -# ## annual volumes. I also don't know if the 49 Order was for 49 or 50, etc. -# # Summer Time Order, 1949 (SI1949/373) ??? -# 1949 3 apr 30 oct fixed -# # Summer Time Order, 1950 (SI1950/518) ??? -# 1950 16 apr 22 oct fixed -# # Summer Time Order, 1951 (SI1951/430) ??? -# 1951 15 apr 21 oct fixed -# # Summer Time Order, 1952 (SI1952/451) ??? -# 1952 20 apr 26 oct fixed -# -# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925 -# 1953--1960 3 April 1 October -# -# ## All Orders from here on specify fixed dates, not day after nth Sunday -# ## Start pattern looks like Mar lastSun up to 1963, Mar Sun>=19 up to 1967. -# ## End pattern looks like Oct Sun>=23 up to 1967. -# # Summer Time Order, 1961 (SI1961/71) -# 1961 26 March 29 October fixed -# # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (SI1961/2465) -# 1962 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed -# # Summer Time Order, 1963 (SI1963/81) -# 1963 31 March 27 October fixed -# # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (SI1963/2101) -# 1964 22 March 25 October fixed -# # Summer Time Order, 1964 (SI1964/1201) -# 1965 21 Mar 24 Oct fixed -# 1966 20 Mar 23 Oct fixed -# 1967 19 Mar 29 Oct fixed -# # Summer Time Order, 1967 (SI1967/1148) -# # Specifies different start date of 7 April for Isle of Man -# # Summer Time Order, 1968 (SI1968/117) -# # Changes Isle of Man start date to 18 Feb to match rest of UK -# # British Standard Time Act, 1968 -# 1968 18 feb 0 none fixed -# 1969--1970 0 none 0 none -# 1971 0 none 31 oct fixed -# -# # Summer Time Act, 1972 -# 1972-1980 3 March 4 October -# -# # The pattern here looks like Last Sun in Mar, day after 4th Sat in Oct -# # First EC Directive ??? -# # Summer Time Order, 1980 (SI1980/1089) -# 1981 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed -# 1982 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed -# # Second EC Directive ??? -# # Summer Time Order, 1982 (SI1982/1673) -# 1983 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed -# 1984 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed -# 1985 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed -# # Third EC Directive ??? -# # Summer Time Order, 1986 (SI1986/223) -# 1986 30 Mar 26 Oct fixed -# 1987 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed -# 1988 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed -# # Fourth EC Directive ??? -# # Summer Time Order, 1988 (SI1988/931) -# 1989 26 Mar 29 Oct fixed -# # Fifth EC Directive ??? -# # Summer Time Order, 1989 (SI1989/985) -# 1990 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed -# 1991 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed -# 1992 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed -# # Sixth EC Directive -# # Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI1992/1729) -# 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed -# 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-08-18): -# I now have the text of the 7th EC directive on summer time arrangements -# (94/21/EC), which was approved on 30 May.... -# The major changes from existing practice are that 1995 will be the last year -# that the UK and Eire finish on a different date from everyone else, -# and the common end date from 1996 onwards will be the last Sunday in October. -# Year Start End End (UK & Eire, 1995 only) -# (rule) (last Sun) (last Sun) (4th Sun) -# 1995 26 March 24 September 22 October -# 1996 31 March 27 October -# 1997 30 March 26 October -# -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-01): -# The final piece of the legislative jigsaw for summer time in the UK for -# 1995-97 is now in place. The Summer Time Order 1994 (SI 1994/2798) -# came into force on 16 November. It restates the dates from the EC -# seventh Summer Time Directive.... -# -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1997-08-06): -# I now have a copy of the ... Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European -# Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements. -# It runs for 4 years, 1998--2001, and confirms the current rules of -# last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October.... -# The directive does not apply in overseas territories of the Member States. -# It says the Commission should produce a proposal for 2002 and beyond -# by 1 Jan 2000 and this should be adopted by 1 Jan 2001. I doubt that -# this will happen though.... -# There is no mention of the French desire to abandon the whole idea. -# France has had a change of government recently so maybe it will -# be quietly dropped. - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-03-28): -# The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule -# of Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat. -# The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989, -# when 29 October was used. That year was covered by a UK Summer Time Order -# for only a single year and it looks as though there was a matching 4th EC -# directive for just this year. I don't have the text of the 5th EC -# directive (for 1990--92) but my guess would be it said 4th Sun. -# To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule -# of Oct Sun>=22 in 1990. +# summer time in 1968. +# +# - The Manx Time Act 1968 +# +# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that +# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain. +# +# - The Summer Time Act 1972 (1972 c. 6) +# +# This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start +# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter, +# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day +# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is +# 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and +# times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for +# implementing the EC Directives in the United Kingdom. +# +# - The Interpretation Act 1978 (1978 c. 30) +# +# Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of +# Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal +# time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it +# has its own Interpretation Act listed above). +# +# - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC) +# +# The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start +# dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates. +# Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'. +# The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change +# time. The dates: +# 1981: 29 March +# 1982: 28 March +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) +# +# Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the +# EC Directive and all times 01:00 GMT: +# 1981: 29 March to 25 October +# 1982: 28 March to 24 October +# +# - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements +# (82/399/EEC) +# +# The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985. +# Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't +# be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common +# date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of +# end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March. +# All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as: +# 1983: 25 September or 23 October +# 1984: 30 September or 28 october +# 1985: 29 September or 27 October +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) +# +# Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates. +# 1983: 27 March to 23 October +# 1984: 25 March to 28 october +# 1985: 31 March to 27 October +# +# - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements +# (84/634/EEC) +# +# Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end +# dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at +# 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates: +# 1986: 28 September or 26 October +# 1987: 27 September or 25 October +# 1988: 25 September or 23 October +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) +# +# Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates. +# 1986: 30 March to 26 October +# 1987: 29 March to 25 October +# 1988: 27 March to 23 October +# +# - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC +# on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC) +# +# This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC. +# The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging +# to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different +# sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going +# to follow the United Kingdom and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded +# without any change to the dates themselves. +# +# - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements +# (88/14/EEC) +# +# This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that +# this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic United Kingdom +# end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from +# the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October. +# All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given: +# 1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) +# +# Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989. +# +# - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements +# (89/47/EEC) +# +# Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both +# rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday +# in October) and specific dates: +# 1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October +# 1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October +# 1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) +# +# Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates. +# +# - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime +# arrangements +# +# Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified +# both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates: +# 1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October +# 1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) +# +# Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates. +# +# - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council +# of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements +# +# Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached +# on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given. +# The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September +# or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the +# last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of +# the tricky ones where the EC and traditional United Kingdom rules differed +# but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier +# than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given: +# 1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October +# 1996: 31 March to 27 October +# 1997: 30 March to 26 October +# +# - Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) +# +# Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995. +# Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of +# Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation +# on the subject. +# +# - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council +# of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements +# +# Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both +# rules, last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October, and specific dates: +# 1998: 29 March to 25 October +# 1999: 28 March to 31 October +# 2000: 26 March to 29 October +# 2001: 25 March to 28 October +# +# <a href="http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1997/97298201.htm"> +# - Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) +# </a> +# +# Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man, +# Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order. + +# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06): +# +# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; +# see Lord Tanlaw's speech +# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> +# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) +# </a>. # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12): # -# As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A +# The date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A # Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error; # 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date. # Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules @@ -697,79 +749,113 @@ # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -# 1916 to 1925--irregular +# Summer Time Act, 1916 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST +# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST +# The Summer Time Act, 1922 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST -# 1925 to 1939 start--regular, except for avoiding Easter +Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +# The Summer Time Act, 1925 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time -Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST +# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 +Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 +Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST +# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST +# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST +# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST -# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above. -Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 BDST -Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 +Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST +Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST +# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 +Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST +# The Summer Time Act, 1947 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT -# So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular. +# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1948 1949 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT +# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST -# 1950 through start of 1953, regular. -Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT +# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) +# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) +# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) +Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT -# 1954 to 1980, starting rules -Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 BST +# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 +Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST +# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) +# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) +# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT +# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) +# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) +# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST +# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST +# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 +# (no summer time) +# The Summer Time Act, 1972 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -# 1953 to 1980, ending rules -Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT -# 1981 on +# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) +# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) +# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) +# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT +# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) +# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) +# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT +# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) # See EU for rules starting in 1996. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -780,14 +866,14 @@ Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22 0:00 EU GMT/BST Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT - -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 # Irish Summer Time + -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT - -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 + -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 @@ -862,13 +948,17 @@ Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S # Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition. # From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12): # My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21. -Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DS +Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in +# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +# Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S @@ -970,15 +1060,17 @@ Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 EU CE%sT # Belarus +# Transitions before 1991 are from Shanks (1995). # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 - 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct + 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00 - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00 + 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 2:00s 2:00 Russia EE%sT # Belgium @@ -1042,13 +1134,7 @@ Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 1:00 EU CE%sT # Bosnia and Herzegovina -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884 - 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s - 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# see Yugoslavia # Bulgaria # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S @@ -1068,13 +1154,7 @@ Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT # Croatia -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884 - 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s - 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# see Yugosloavia # Czech Republic # Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17. @@ -1093,7 +1173,7 @@ Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 1:00 EU CE%sT -# Denmark +# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland # Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S @@ -1170,7 +1250,8 @@ Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 + 2:00 EU EE%sT # Finland # See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted. @@ -1194,13 +1275,14 @@ Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 # France # Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20. -# French Revolutionary calendar used 1792-09-22 - 1805-12-31. +# French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31, +# and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23. # # Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. # From Shanks (1991): # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S @@ -1231,43 +1313,64 @@ Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, # but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco). -Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 DS -Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 S -Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 DS +Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer +# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, +# but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12), +# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes +# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. +Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S +Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S -Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 DS -Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 S -Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 DS +Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M +Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S +Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S -Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 DS +Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - -Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; +# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. +Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S +Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05, # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 +Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time - 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 +# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT. + 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 - 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 + 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT # Germany +# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29): +# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische +# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. +# +# <a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm"> +# Realisation of Legal Time in Germany +# </a> + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 DS -Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S +# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes +# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem) +# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times. +Rule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer +Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S -# Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks. -Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +# Shanks gives 1946-10-06; go with the PTB. +Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - +Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 DS +# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times; +# go with Shanks. +Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S @@ -1416,9 +1519,11 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 # # From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri -# <URL:http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> (1996-03-14) (`FP' -# below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute publication. -# When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: +# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html"> +# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14) +# </a> +# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute +# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: # # year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with: # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W @@ -1486,14 +1591,45 @@ Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino # Latvia -# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): -# Rules after 1991 are by extension from Shanks. They contradict -# IATA SSIM (1992/1996), which claims Latvia uses W-Eur rules, but -# Peter Ilieve's relative writes that Latvia switched in September this year, -# so we'll assume that the old C-Eur-style rules still apply. + +# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17): + +# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy +# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the +# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about +# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... +# +# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... +# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 +# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning +# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) +# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). +# +# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... +# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 +# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning +# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 +# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of +# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). +# +# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... +# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 +# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, +# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the +# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia +# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 +# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of +# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 +# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is +# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... +# +# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of +# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of +# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Latvia 1992 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Latvia 1992 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time @@ -1503,10 +1639,13 @@ Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 Latvia EE%sT + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 + # Shanks says 1944-08-08, but + # Riga fell to the Red Army on 1944-10-13. + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s + 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 + 2:00 EU EE%sT # Liechtenstein # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -1526,11 +1665,17 @@ Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 + 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u + 1:00 EU CE%sT # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. +# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07): +# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone +# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. + # Luxembourg # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S @@ -1567,13 +1712,7 @@ Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1:00 EU CE%sT # Macedonia -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884 - 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s - 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# see Yugoslavia # Malta # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S @@ -1669,11 +1808,9 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT -# -# Svalbard + +# Svalbard & Jan Mayen Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen -# -# Jan Mayen # From Whitman: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT @@ -1711,8 +1848,10 @@ Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_ -# <URL:http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml> -# (1995-09-24) says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. +# <a href="http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml"> +# http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24) +# </a> +# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. # Stick with W-Eur for now. # Portugal @@ -1773,12 +1912,12 @@ Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 DS +Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 DS +Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S -Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 DS +Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S @@ -1963,13 +2102,7 @@ Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava # Slovenia -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884 - 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s - 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# see Yugoslavia # Spain # Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. @@ -1996,9 +2129,9 @@ Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks. -Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 DS +Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S -Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 DS +Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S @@ -2044,7 +2177,11 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. # Sweden -# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) <URL:news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com>: +# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) +# <a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com"> +# Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale? +# </a> +# Date: 1996-07-06 # # In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden # decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of @@ -2074,6 +2211,8 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 1:00 EU CE%sT # Switzerland +# The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland, +# by omitting leap years during 1583-1812. # From Howse (1988), p 82: # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep @@ -2179,8 +2318,8 @@ Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT -Rule Crimea 1996 max - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 - -Rule Crimea 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 - +Rule Crimea 1996 only - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 - +Rule Crimea 1996 only - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2 @@ -2198,9 +2337,12 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. # For now, guess it changed Feb 1. 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb -# From IATA SSIM (1994/1996), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. +# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 - 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD +# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. +# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. + 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u + 2:00 EU EE%sT # Yugoslavia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -2213,6 +2355,10 @@ Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 # Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT +Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia +Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina +Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia +Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia ############################################################################### @@ -2289,21 +2435,3 @@ Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 # ... # Monaco: has same DST as France. # ... - -# ... -# Date: Fri, 3 Sep 93 13:43:41 BST -# From: Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> -# ... -# Turning to Europe, I now have a copy of the `Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC -# of 26 March 1992 on summertime arrangements'. This only covers 1993 and -# 1994, a seventh one is in the works but I doubt that the algorithm will -# change. This says summertime starts at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in March -# and ends at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in September, except for the UK -# and Eire where it ends at 01:00 GMT on the fourth Sunday in October. -# It says the arrangements for 1995 onwards will be decided by 1 January 1994, -# but as the sixth directive was supposed to appear by 1 Jan 92 and didn't -# arrive til March I wouldn't hold your breath. -# -# The first summertime directive was adopted in 1980, although the UK didn't -# seem to use it until 1981. I suspect it would be safe to move your start -# dates for the -Eur rules back to 1981. |